Yellow mutations alter chloroplast ribosomal proteins in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Ribosomes and ribosomal proteins from wild-type and three yellow mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardii were analyzed and compared by two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis. Mixotrophycally grown mutants differ from wild-type cells in lowered chlorophyll content. Analytical ultracentrifugation analysis of cell extracts showed a reduced amount of 70S ribosomes and an increased level of 50S subunits in mutants y-27 and y-28. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated considerable alterations in the protein composition of 70S ribosomes of the mutants. Two proteins of 70S ribosomes were altered in the y-27 and y-28 mutants. Two proteins were absent from the electrophoretograms of the yellow-76 mutant and seven proteins were present in lowered concentrations. The mutations are inherited in a non-Mendelian manner. The protein alterations in 70S ribosome are most probably localized in the chloroplast DNA.


Valyl-tRNA synthetase from chick embryo brain. Properties of the sulfhydryl groups. The number of thiol groups in valyl-tRNA synthetase [L-valine tRNA ligase (AMP) E.C.6.1.1.9] isolated from chick embryo brain was determined. Titration with 5.5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic) acid showed 11 free SH groups calculated on the basis of a molecular weight of 110000 daltons. In 8M urea reaction with DTNB revealed 1 additional SH-group. Binding of substrates to the active site of the molecule decreased the number of titratable SH-groups. The modification of enzyme activity was studied by the use of thiol reagents: metal ions Ag+, Cu2+, Hg2+ and pCMB. The ATP-PPi exchange activity of valyl-tRNA synthetase was significantly less inhibited by metal ions than the aminoacylation activity. SH-groups essential for tRNA acylation were not required for the activation of valine. After gamma irradiation of valyl-tRNA synthetase the number of SH-groups diminished parallel with the decrease in enzyme activity.


X-ray microanalytical studies on native myofibrils and mitochondria isolated by microdissection from honey-bee flight muscle. The distribution of elements was studied by means of energy dispersive X ray microanalysis in the honey-bee flight muscle. Semi-quantitative analysis of bulk muscle specimen, isolated mitochondria and isolated myofibrils either in resting or stretched state was performed. High K peak was observed in the spectra of bulk muscle specimen resembling the spectra of myofibrils and high P peak resembling the spectra of mitochondria. In the myofibrils no substantial difference was found between the spectra of A bands and Z lines, but they contained much higher K peak than the spectra of I bands.


The passive electrical characteristics of giant neurones identified in the central nervous system of Lymnaea stagnalis. The passive electrical characteristics of four giant neurones in the CNS of Lymnaea stagnalis were studied. The parameters were calculated on the basis of potential transients evoked by hyperpolarizing square impulses. The examined neurones can be classified in two groups, which show significant differences considering the time constant and membrane resistance. This classification is in correlation with the functional properties of the cells. The differences in the passive electrical characteristics of the giant neurones were compared to some data obtained by using voltage clamp method. The role of these parameters in the generation of the single spike and the rhythmic discharge is discussed.


Absorption and fluorescence of fluram-labelled lysozyme and peroxidase solutions. The absorption spectra of fluram, lysozyme, horse-radish peroxidase, and mixtures of lysozyme + fluram and peroxidase + fluram and the fluorescence and fluorescence excitation spectra of the mixtures in 0.05 M phosphate buffer with 1 per cent dioxane are determined. Due to formation of a protein-fluram compound, the absorption spectra of the mixtures are not algebraic sums of the components. From the fluorescence intensities the number of bonding sites is found 6 in both cases. The fluorescence spectrum of the peroxidase-fluram compound has maxima at 305, 350, 400, 450 nm due to peroxidase and at 480 nm originating from fluram. In mixtures of 10(-5) M lysozyme + 10(-4) M fluram, 3/4 of the excitation energy is transferred from lysozyme to fluram within the compound under 280 nm excitation. Under similar conditions 4/5 of the excitation energy is transferred from peroxidase to fluram.


Computed tomography of cerebral palsy: evaluation of brain damage by volume index of CSF space. Between 1976 and 1978, we examined 110 Japanese children with cerebral palsy using a CT 1000 and a CT 1010 (EMI). In 92% of all patients, there were abnormal findings. Cortical atrophy was seen in 51%, ventricular dilatation in 86%, localized low density areas in 22%, brain anomalies in 10% and asymmetry of cerebral hemisphere in 31%. In spastic hemiplegia, the characteristic CT revealed asymmetrical ventricular dilatation without cortical atrophy and localized low density areas in the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to the palsy. In spastic tetraplegia, CT revealed moderate to marked diffuse cerebral atrophy or brain anomalies. In athetosis, CT revealed normal or slight cerebral atrophy. In 60 cases where a CT 1010 was used, we calculated the volume index of CSF space by computer, Eclipse S/200, and analyzed the relationship between the clinical features of cerebral palsy and the volume index of CSF space.


Old subependymal necrosis and hemorrhage in the prematurely born infants. Old subependymal hemorrhage (SEH) and old subependymal necrosis (SEN) were found in 18 (23%) and 14 (19%) cases respectively out of a total of 78 prematurely born infants who survived more than 3 weeks. Most of the lesions were recognized in the region of th stria terminalis. A nonhemorrhagic infarct (SEN) might occur at the stria terminalis in the perinatal period of the premature infant, following focal ischemia or hypoxia, and on occasion predispose to the production of subependymal hemorrhage in impaired cerebral vascular autoregulation.


Cockayne syndrome: report of two siblings and review of literature in Japan. Typical Cockayne syndrome was seen in a boy and his younger sister and these two cases are reported here, and reported cases of the syndrome in Japan are summarized. Both cases (an 11-year-old boy and a 7-year-old girl) had dwarfism, a senile face, retinitis pigmentosa, photosensitivity, and mental retardation. Calcium deposition in the basal ganglia was seen by CT scan. In both cases nerve conduction velocities were reduced suggesting peripheral neuropathy, but segmental demyelination on sural nerve biopsy was not demonstrated. Twenty seven cases of the syndrome has now been reported in Japan in 21 families (including the above two cases), consisting of 14 males and 12 females (the sex of one case was unknown): consanguineous marriage was confirmed in 14 families. Eleven cases in five families were siblings. The estimated ages of onset were from 1 month to 3 years, and in most cases photosensitivity was the initial symptom. Clinical manifestations were mental retardation in 25 cases (93%), dwarfism in 24 cases (89%), photosensitivity in 23 cases (85%), articular contracture in 22 cases (81%), sunken eyes in 20 cases (74%), retinitis pigmentosa in 17 cases (63%), deafness in 16 cases (59%), and intracranial calcification in 14 cases (51%). Intracranial calcification will be more often detected in future following the development of CT scanning.


Incontinentia pigmenti achromians as part of a neurocutaneous syndrome: a case report. A case of incontinentia pigmenti achromians associated with mental retardation, epilepsy, short stature and ocular anomalies was reported. A study of this case together with a review of the 38 cases in the literature revealed that this entity has been associated with central nervous system involvements at a high frequency. It is necessary, therefore, to consider incontinentia pigmenti achromians as a neurocutaneous syndrome from the viewpoint of pediatric neurology.


Running and laughing fits as the sequelae of the neonatal hyperviscosity syndrome. A 5-year-old Japanese male with intractable running and laughing fits was reported to have had status epilepticus from 18 hours after birth. This intractable convulsions were thought to be due to hyperviscosity syndrome induced by neonatal idiopathic polycythemia. A phlebotomy ended the convulsions in the neonatal period, but the EEG continued to display right temporal spikes afterwards. He suffered from running and laughing fits 3 to 5 times daily from the age of 2 years up to 4 years 8 months. EEG revealed generalized dysrhythmia and poly-spikes and waves, mainly in the right side. Computerized tomography showed dilatation of all the ventricles plus multiple low density areas in the right temporal lobe. This case of running and laughing fits was presumed to be one of the temporal lobe epilepsy induced by the hyperviscosity syndrome brought on by neonatal polycythemia.


Convulsions from excessive dosage of nalidixic acid: a case report. A 4-year-old girl who developed convulsions after an accidental ingestion of excessive dosage (50 mg/kg) of nalidixic acid, while treated with the drug (50 mg/kg/day) over 30 days for a urinary tract infection, was reported. Thirty minutes after ingestion, vomiting, tonic-clonic seizures, and abnormal movements were supervened. After ninety minutes, the serum levels of nalidixic acid and hydroxynalidixic acid were 146.1 and 48.9 microgram/ml, respectively. In controls, the mean levels of nalidixic acid and hydroxynalidixic acid were 7.8 +/- 6.8 (SD) and 3.02 +/- 2.6 microgram/ml, respectively.


Antibiotic sensitivity of anaerobic bacteria. Antibiotic sensitivity tests on most anaerobic organisms isolated from a given patient are seldom of use to that individual. This is because both isolation and sensitivity testing of this group of bacteria take so long. It is thus vital that the microbiologist should be able to supply to the clinician the cumulated results of past experience, ideally his own, but if not, then the experience of others, taking into account geographical variations whenever possible. Because of the possibility of geographical variation, it is important that every institution should carry out sensitivity testing on easily isolated and rapidly growing bacteria. Bacteroides fragilis is probably the most common of these, and because it is among the more resistant anaerobes and is present in the majority of anaerobic infections, it is often used as an "indicator" both of the diagnosis and of the likely response to a given drug regimen.


[Applications of gas chromatography in the diagnosis of anaerobic infections]. The isolation and identification of anaerobic bacteria by biochemical tests take long time, so it is very useful the gas-chromatography to detect the volatile fatty acids produced from their metabolism. This technique can give rapidly a presumptive diagnosis of anaerobic infection so that it is possible to start immediately a correct antibiotic therapy. In this study we have examined many samples of pus and exudate, and the results have been compared with those obtained from the culture. We have found a good correlation between the detection by gas-chromatography of isobutyric and butyric acids and the isolation in the culture of anaerobic flora, and particularly of Bacteroides fragilis when the gas-chromatography detected isobutyric, butyric and succinic acids.


[Approaches to antibiotic therapy in anaerobic infections]. After a short introduction pointing out the difficulties faced by an italian clinician when he has to apply a correct aetiologic therapy to the non-sporing anaerobe infections, difficulties which are especially due to the lack of an efficient microbiologic support, the A. examines the main infections caused by these bacteria and shows the treatment for each case according to the more recent literature and to his own experience.


[7-Alpha dehydroxylation of bile acids by O2-intolerant anaerobic intestinal microorganisms]. The 7 alpha-dehydroxylation of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids by mice intestinal microorganisms was studied. When all techniques, from autopsy of the animals to final incubation, are performed in oxygen-free environment, it has been found that anaerobic O2 non tolerant microorganisms might be considered the main responsible for these transformations.


Abnormal intestinal flora.

Abnormal intestinal flora. The normal small intestine in man usually harbours a sparse microflora consisting of Gram-positive microorganisms derived from the oro-pharynx. The concentrations in the upper jejunum are approximately 10(3)-10(4) organisms/ml, whereas in the ileum the concentrations may be higher and faecal type organisms may also be present, such as Enterobacteria, Bifidobacteria, and Bacteroides in concentrations of 10(5)-10(6) organisms per ml of intestinal aspirate [24, 25]. This situation is well maintained unless the integrity of the small intestine is deranged. There are however, certain conditions in which bacterial proliferation in the lumen of the small intestine may occur and give rise to various metabolic abnormalities [2]. In this paper I would like to list some of these conditions, then describe the type of microflora which colonizes the small intestine, and finally discuss a few aspects of the metabolic consequences of these bacteria.


Intestinal bacteria and cancer.

Intestinal bacteria and cancer. Epidemiology indicates that diet plays an important part in the causation of colorectal cancer. We have postulated that this is because the diet determines the amount of substrate available for microbial metabolism to carcinogenic or co-carcinogenic products. We have studied a wide range of possible substrates and the evidence to date indicates that the most likely ones are the bile acids. Much more work is necessary before we can confirm or refute this postulated association.


[Anaerobic infections in surgery].

[Anaerobic infections in surgery]. In the past few years the incidence of anaerobes in the aetiology of surgical infections has definitely increased due to a distinct increase in anaerobic flora and to the noticeable improvement in isolation and culture techniques which have drastically decreased the incidence of so-called "sterile pus". The development of the toxi-infective shock due to Gram negative anaerobes, presents the most serious clinical problems, being the shock with the highest mortality rate. A paradigmatic example of shock due to surgical infections is the shock complicating peritonitis. A correct postoperative behaviour includes peritoneal lavage through drainages placed during surgery. The AA. personal experience with 50 hospitalized patients treated surgically and with cefoxitin, a new cephamycin semisynthetic antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamases, is reported.


Cytologic and genetic features of mammalian cultured cells adapted to hypertonic medium. The response to changes in the osmotic pressure and the capability to adapt to raised tonicity of culture medium, obtained by increasing the NaCl molarity (0.137M), varies among different Mammalian cell lines. Cells cultured in permissive hypertonic medium become resistant to more drastic hypertonic solutions, which are incompatible with cell survival, in the absence of any pretreatment. When cells grown in hypertonic medium are fed again with normal medium, they do not maintain their greater resistance acquired by adaptation; this points to a reversible physiological process rather than to a stable regulatory change at a genetic level. Cells of the EUE line (human embryonic epithelium), grown in medium containing a doubled NaCl concentration (0.274M), show a growth rate slower than cells cultured in a isotonic medium, whereas the plating efficiency is apparently unaffected. The chromosome number distribution in EUE cells cultured in hypertonic medium shows a significant increase in the frequency of cells with a double chromosomal set (20% in treated cells versus 1.5% in control cells). The induction of polyploidy in hypertonic media can be a useful tool in experiments of genetic analysis based on chromosome segregation via tetraploidy. Furthermore the osmotic adaptation of cells in vitro can provide a useful selective system for the isolation of cellular hybrids.


[Chemotherapy and mutagenesis. A study of chromosome aberrations as a test for mutagenesis after the use of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside]. Determination of chromosomal aberration in the lymphocyte cell culture of the peripheral blood in 50 children with malignant and nonmalignant diseases was the test applied in the investigation of the adverse effects of the cytostatic therapy on the human genome. The study included the cytostatic drugs cyclophosphamide, methotrexat and cytosine arabinoside which are used in the treatment for the autoimmune diseases, in organ and bone marrow transplantations and in malignant diseases. It was confirmed that these cytostatics could be the cause of considerable structural aberrations in chromosomes, particularly so when high dosages and long application are involved. Therefore it is understandable that these drugs as mutagens can be the cause of the secondary cancer in patients treated with cytostatic therapy and also of the congenital malformations in children by mothers treated with these medications.


[Pelger-Huet anomaly].

[Pelger-Huet anomaly]. A homozygot carrier of a congenital nuclear anomaly of blood cells/Pelger-Huet's anomaly: abnormal segmentation of granulocytic leukocytes) is described. The morphologic analysis of blood samples in 4 family members showed similar Pelger-Huet's anomalies. The phagocytic activity, the "killing test" and the inhibition test of leucocyte migration of the patients neutrophils were in normal ranges.


[The significance of the degree of circulatory disorders in hematologic findings and organ injuries in neonates and infants]. The paper describes various forms of shock which arise in pediatric casuistics as well as pathophysiological changes by which these states are accompanied. The main changes take place in microcirculation. The level and the volume of the lesion of cellular tissue structures depend on the athiology, duration and intensity of noxae. The paper gives clinical haemathological and coagulational parameters necessary to a physician for the evaluation of the state of shock of the diseased. It further points out the meaning of intensity of disturbances within circulation, their dependence and repercutions on haemodynamic,  haemothological and coagulational findings, especially in early infancy. To enable the application of quick and afficient therapy upon which the result of treatment depends, the papern deals in detail with development of DIC during the Itates of shock, with importance of wound and of quick and precise laborathory detection and differential diagnostics, and with the circumstances which make these phenomena difficult in early infancy. In the treatment of DIC priority is given to intravenous application of AT-III complex human, concentrated and purified, activated in vitro with heparin. Finally there is a description of examinations of pathological-anatomical-hysthological findings of obduced new-borns and infants ill with irreversible shock accompanied by DIC, whose organs show some particular features in relation to adults.


[Chromosome abnormalities in malignant lymphoma]. Analysis of the karyotype from bone marrow tissue and lymphocyte culture of the peripheral blood was performed in 25 children either with Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkins' lymphoma prior to any treatment. numeric aberrations were confirmed in 40% of the patients; in these the hyperdiploid number of chromosomes ranged from 52 to 94, while 24% of the cases had cells with 47 chromosomes of which the surplus chromosome corresponded to those of the group C and, in one case, of the group G. The occurence of cells with abnormal chromosome sets confirmed presence of clonal evolution. This was also a poor prognostic sign. By using cytogenetic of high accuracy and by studying further the chromosome abnormalities, problems concerning the importance of these abnormalities in the etiology and epidemiology of these diseases might be solved.


[The frequency of infant anemia].

[The frequency of infant anemia]. In the group of 391 examined children in the third trimester of their life the mean values have been established for the principal hematological parameters of the red family (hemoglobin = 11,52 +/- 0,87 g/100 ml, hematocrit = 36,12 +/- +/- 3,12%), as well as anemia frequency which is 29,06% if the lower lewel of the normal hemoglobin value is 11 g/100 ml for that period of infants' life. These investigations have been stated statistically significant lower hemoglobin values and a higher anemia frequency in group of infants with low weight at birth (17,5 of anemic children were prematurely born, and 55,38% weighted under 3.250 g. at their birth), than in the group of infants with non-adequate nutrition, and among infants with frequent infections. The prophylactic measures were suggested to decrease frequency of sideropenic anemia - the most widely spread type of anemia in early life of children.


[Staphylococcal adherence to oral mucosal cells]. The ability of Staphylococcus to adhere to human oral epithelial cells was studied. S. aureus and S. epidermidis showed remarkable attachment to cheek mucosal cells, comparable to adherence to nasal mucosal cells observed by other Authors. The same bacteria lowered consistently their ability to adhere when were previously cultured in human saliva.


[Bacterial antagonism of oral secretions towards staphylococci]. Bacterial antagonism may be one of the mechanism which regulates the bacterial flora of the pharynx. We have investigated the bacterial antagonism exerted in oral secretion by alpha-hemolytic streptococci against S. aureus and S. epidermidis. We cultured viridans streptococci and staphylococci in human saliva and we noted a bactericidal activity towards staphylococci. Such activity, referable to the salivary system (peroxidase-thiocyanate) activated by hydrogen peroxide produced by streptococci, was greater on S. epidermidis. The remarkable sensitivity of S. epidermidis could explain the rare presence of this species in pharynx and oral cavity.


[Preferential staphylococcal colonizing site in the upper airway]. 150 healthy individuals and 162 tonsillopathic patients were investigated for the presence of Staphylococcus species in the upper respiratory tract. S. epidermidis was isolated from the throat in a very small percentage of all the people examined. A great number of healthy individuals (40%) and of patients (70%) were colonized by S. aureus either in the nose or in the throat; 30% of the carriers harboured S. aureus exclusively in the tonsils and in the pharynx.


Study of chemotaxis by a modified method of migration under agarose gel. In this paper the standardization of a method for studying chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear cells under agarose gel in vitro on 20 adult normal subjects is reported. An original method of reading is emphasized in which the maximum migration distance and the number of migrated cells are held in consideration.


Antilymphocyte globulin and adrenal steroids in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: short report based on seven cases. A therapeutic trial of antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) combined with dexamethasone was carried out in 7 patients with chronic, relapsing multiple sclerosis. ALG was given intravenously in daily doses of 0.25-0.5 g on the weekdays over 1 to 2 months. Total doses of ALG ranged from 12.5 to 17.7 g. Follow-up made after 1 year showed that 2 had no deterioration and 2 became worse in "tolerant" group, and 2 showed no deterioration and 1 revealed fatal progression in "non-tolerant" group. The treatment proved to be toxic in 3 patients. This pilot study suggests that ALG enhances anti-inflammatory activity of adrenal steroids in some patients, but does not seem to change natural course of the disease.


[Respiratory infection epidemic during the winter of 1979 in Umbria]. The AA, report the results of virological and serological investigations performed during an epidemic of acute respiratory diseases in Umbria. The epidemic was associated with Respiratory Syncytial Virus; other virus infections were sporadic.


[Use of staphylococcal protein A for the detection of rubella virus IgM antibodies]. The ability of Staphylococcus aureus protein A to bind human serum immunoglobulin of different classes and the conditions which allow a selective reduction of IgG in comparison to other immunoglobulin classes were preliminarly studied. Working under standardized conditions, a recovery of 3.5% of the initial value for IgG, of 40-50% for IgM and of 70-75% for IgA was obtained. Rubella HI antibodies, before and after staphylococcus treatment, were titred in 88 sera collected from adult women at different times from hexantema and in 210 sera of 109 subjects exposed to eventual contamination. The results were compared with the ones obtained by means of sucrose density gradient centrifugation followed by titration of rubella HI antibodies in the fractions. The tests proved that HI antibodies titration, before and after serum treatment with staphylococcal protein A, can be used, as presumptive test, for the research of rubella specific IgM antibodies. In fact, all the sera, on which the presence of rubella IgM antibodies was proved by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, were also positive after staphylococcus treatment. In 15% of sera resulting positive for HI rubella antibodies after staphylococcus treatment, usually at low titer, the presence of specific IgM antibodies was not detected by serum fractionation on sucrose density gradient ("false positive" cases). The results of serological diagnosis, carried out by using treatment with staphylococcal protein A and serum fractionation on sucrose density gradient, matched the clinical-epidemiological data. Twenty-seven women, out of 28 examined during the first three months of pregnancy and for whom serological diagnosis of a "recent" rubella virus infection was negative, had normal children at normal time. Therefore only in one case a spontaneous abortion occurred for uncertain causes. Rubella virus was isolated from the embryo of a woman who interrupted pregnancy because asymptomatic rubella virus infection was serologically diagnosed in the second month.


[Preliminary observations on the detection of endotoxins in drinking water]. 3 samples of water of the Po river at different steps of the treatment of purification were examined with LAL test. 32 ng/ml of endotoxin were detected in potable water.


[Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from drinking water and human feces]. Twelve strains of Yersinia enterocolitica (46.15%) were isolated from 26 water samples of the Po river (1.3-1.5 1), 3 strains (16.67%) were isolated from 18 water samples of the Reno river (500 ml) and 1 strain (2%) was isolated from 50 fecal specimens of healthy adult subjects. It is suggested that further studies are needed in order to determine the occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in Italy.


[The replication cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci: ultrastructural analysis]. An ultrastructural comparative analysis is reported on the replication cycle of six strains of Chlamydia trachomatis, recently isolated, and Chlamydia psittaci strain 6BC, grown in cell cultures. Important morphological distinctions of the bacterial walls are documented. In Chlamydia trachomatis the cell wall seems more rigid. This causes, during the morphogenesis of the elementary body, its separation from the cell membrane with formation of an electron transparent space, which is not demonstrable in Chlamydia psittaci. As a result of this process, the appearance of "ghosts" and "mini reticular bodies" is documented. Budding and multiple fission are suggested as possible mechanisms of replication of Chlamydia trachomatis, in coexistence or/as alternative to binary fission.


[Antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with non-gonococcal urethritis and in the healthy Italian population]. The Authors report the results of a study on the prevalence of serum antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis among patients with non-gonococcal urethritis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and diagnosed on the basis of the isolation of the microorganism in cell cultures, among patients with non-gonococcal urethritis of unknown etiology and in groups of healthy population, in Italy. The search for antibodies was performed both with complement-fixation tests in micro-titer system, using an antigen prepared from chicken embryo yolk sacs infected with the 6BC strain of Chlamydia psittaci, and with indirect immunofluorescence tests. The indirect immunofluorescence tests were carried out using as antigen the whole chlamydial inclusion developed in IUDR pre-treated McCoy cell cultures, grown on coverslips, and infected with the BU/434 strain of the LGV2 immunotype of Chlamydia trachomatis. The immunofluorescence tests proved to be much more sensitive than the complement fixation tests in detecting the presence of anti-chlamydial antibody both in patients with non-gonococcal urethritis and in the healthy population groups. The percentage of subjects possessing anti-chlamydial antibodies among the healthy population suggests a diffuse circulation of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. The possibility of employing the serological data in the diagnosis of the etiology of non-gonococcal urethritis is briefly discussed.


Mouse rosette forming cells and surface immunoglobulins in human lymphoid cells. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal subjects were studied for mouse rosette-forming cells (MRFC) and their relationship to surface immunoglobulins (SIg). The majority of MRFC expressed both SIgM and SIgD, although some dissociation between population showing SIgM+/MRFC- and SIgM-/MRFC+ could be seen. A similar pattern of association was found in human derived cultured cells of B lineage, but no simple correlation and the number of SIgM+ cells could be established. Increased percentages of MRFC were detected in two foetal livers but greater dissociation of MRFC and SIgM was shown. This heterogeneity of MRFC may be explained by a selective expression of this surface marker in the early stages of B lymphocyte differentiation.


[Cutaneous mycobacteriosis of aquaria. A disease transmitted from fish to man]. The Authors refer about one case of cutaneous infection from Mycobacterium marinum transmitted to man from tropical fishes of a fish tank. The Authors describe the lesions produced by mycobacterium in man and in fish, as well as the relevant hystological findings and the microbiological enquiries carried out for isolation and typing. The possibility of direct transmission of a tubercular infection from fish to man has been demonstrated. The Authors think it to be useful a careful sanitary control on the ichthyc fauna destined to domestic fish tanks.


[Distribution of anti-HAV in a population sample from Puglia]. To investigate the prevalence and distribution of antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), we tested by solid phase radioimmunoassay method 461 sera of selected people of Bari, according to age. In addiction, sera from cord blood of 11 newborns and their mothers at delivery were also investigated for anti-HAV. Taken together 64.4 per cent of subjects tested were found to be anti-HAV positive. The rate of antibody detection was strongly correlated with age. The prevalence were 4.5 per cent from 6 months to 3 years but gradually increased throughout childhood (from 35.6 to 80 per cent). Anti-HAV was detected in all cord blood samples from newborns whose mothers carried anti-HAV. These data suggest that circulation of hepatitis A virus in our area is very high, so that serological evidence of infection become evident in the majority of individuals during infancy.


[Serodiagnosis of acute hepatitis A].

[Serodiagnosis of acute hepatitis A]. Hepatitis A antibody (anti-HAV) was detected by specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) method in sera from 10 patients with acute icteric hepatitis. Anti-HAV was detectable in many subjects very early before the onset of jaundice, but the diagnosis of type A hepatitis in all patients was confirmed by the demonstration of seroconversion during convalescence. Since the initial antibody detected by RIA is predominantly IgM, while IgG specific anti-HAV appears later reaching peak levels within 1 to 2 months, we treated serum specimens of these patients with 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME) in order to differentiate acute-from convalescent-phase hepatitis A sera. Inactivation of IgM fraction with 2ME produced a significant reduction of anti-HAV titer only in acute-phase sera, so that this procedure may be used for early diagnosis of acute type A hepatitis.


Release of dopamine in the ventral tegmental area of rat. In this preliminary report we showed that 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), the major metabolite of dopamine (DA), is present in the ventral tegmental area. This finding indicates that in the ventral tegmental area, which contains the cell bodies of dopaminergic neurons of the mesocortical and mesolimbic DA systems, DA may be released by a mechanism similar to that operating in the nerve endings. However, haloperidol, which increases DOPAC levels in the substantia nigra, failed to do so in the ventral tegmental area. The results support the contention that DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area have distinctive features from nigral DA neurones.


[Oxidative deamination of beta-methylaspartic acid]. beta-methyl-aspartic acid is a substrate for beef kidney D-aspartate oxidase. The first product of a typical oxidative deamination, undergoes further spontaneous process of decarboxylation which gives as product, the alpha-keto-butyric acid.


[Influence of a high protein diet on the urinary and fecal excretion of calcium in albino rats]. Albino rats (Sprague-Dawley) of mean weight 100 g were divided into four groups and given for 7 days a balanced diet. They were then placed in metabolic cages for fifteen days and fed diets containing different quantities of casein: 18% (D18), 36% (D36), 50% (D50) and 72% (D72). The levels of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase activity, total proteins and urea were determined. The urinary and fecal excretion of calcium were determined on specimens of urine and stool collected every two days. The metabolic balance of nitrogen was also estimated. The results show there is not a linear relationship between a high protein diet and plasma protein levels, but a progressive body calcium loss was observed with the increase of casein in the diet, which confirms what other workers have already suggested.


Labelled trigeminal ganglion cells after injection of horseradish peroxidase in the extraocular muscles and IIIrd nerve of the lamb. After injection of HRP in the oculomotor nerve labelled cells were found in the dorsal most part of the ophthalmo-maxillary area of the semilunar ganglion. Below this area a labelled cellular pool was detected following the injection of the enzyme in the extrinsic eye muscles. A clear somatotopic arrangement of these muscles was noticeable.


[Cadmium binding and zinc variations in Mytilus galloprovincialis]. The accumulation of Cadmium in Mytilus galloprovincialis during a 18 days exposure period was studied. Cadmium content of the mantle, viscera, gills increased throughout the time. The study of the distribution of Cd in homogenates of mussels chronically intoxicated has shown that the metal is principally bound to low mol. wt. proteins similar to metallothioneins. Mytilus galloprovincialis metallothioneins are also comparable to the vertebrate proteins, suggesting a biological function ubiquitous in the living world.


Effect of diaphragmatic respiration on some cardiorespiratory parameters during rehabilitation in bronchopneumopathic patients. The effect of diaphragmatic respiration in broncopneumopathic patients has been investigated. By using a computerized method of analysis, VO2, VCO2, VE, VA and several other respiratory and metabolic parameters have been investigated. The results obtained in these patients, at rest, have shown that particularly in supine position the abdominal respiration improves the CO2 output by increasing VCO2 and reducing VO2. The reduction in the breathing rate, reduces VD and increases VA, in this way the efficiency of ventilation increases accordingly. The increase of CO2 output at the same metabolic rate is discussed in light of the fact that diaphragmatic respiration seems to improve the VA/Q ratio.


[Histological alterations of the visual organ following high grade barometric depression limited to the cranium]. The Authors describe the histologic report of the eye and the first part of optic nerve of young goats and rabbits exposed to high grade barometric depression (850/cm2) limited to cranium.


[Contribution to the knowledge of the biology of Cyclostomes: activity of aldolase in Lampetra planeri (Bloch) during its biological cycle]. It has been ascertained that in the Lampetra planeri (Bloch) the muscle and liver aldolase level in the last larval period in which lipids are accumulated strongly increases; this may be due to an increased synthesis or diminished degradation of the enzyme.


[Response of isolated segments of hepatic arteries to serotonin in the presence of methergoline]. The effect of metergoline (an anti 5-HT drug) on strips of calf hepatic arteries was investigated. Metergoline prevents or antagonizes the contraction induced by 5-Hydroxytryptamine. The inhibitory effect is dose-dependent.


[Degradation products of fibrinogen in synovial fluid]. The fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products were measured in 24 synovial fluids sampled from patients with knee joint effusion. It has been observed that they are increased in synovial fluid involved in inflammatory processes. Their presence and concentration seem to be related to the control of local inflammation.


[Values of plasma testosterone in infancy and adolescence]. We have performed a research to establish the normal values of the plasmatic testosterone among 111 pupils, of both sexes, from 7 to 16 years attending our provincial schools. As we expected, the greatest increase of the plasmatic testosterone, in comparison with the previous ages, has been found in the group of the 13 years old females of the same age is more restrained, even if it's significative. By this way we could know the physiological values of the plasmatic testosterone in the children and adolescents of our population.


[Vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnancy and its treatment with clotrimazole]. The Writers have carried out a study on 624 pregnant women pointing out that the incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis is notably increased (35,5%) during pregnancy with a slight difference in the three three-monthly periods of pregnancy. Controls on 195 women after treatment with clotrimazole showed an average percentage of recovery of 83% with a maximum of 87% in the second three-monthly period.


Partition of CoQ-homologs in lipid membranes. After studies on incorporation of Coenzyme-Q-homologs into mitochondrial membranes, we have undertaken the same investigation on phospholipid vesicles in order to know the behavior of different Ubiquinones in the biphasic system lipid membrane/H2O. Using concentrations of egg lecithin corresponding to the phospholipid content of 1 mg mitochondrial protein, it was found that some homologs are partitioned in lipid vesicles nearly the same as they are incorporated by mitochondria, while others behave differently. On the basis of the results it is possible to calculate approximately partition coefficients for each Q-homolog. This work shows that also membrane structure, besides the partition membrane/water, affects the incorporation of Ubiquinones.


Studies on incorporation of CoQ-homologs in mitochondrial membranes. In this work we have made a systematic study on the incorporation of different homologs of Coenzyme Q in mitochondrial membranes. We have used a diluted mitochondrial suspension constituting a biphasic system membrane/H2O in which exogenous Q will be distributed depending on its water solubility and on its affinity to the mitochondrial membrane. It was found that Ubiquinones are incorporated into mitochondria in different extents ranging from zero (Q1) to 10 fold (Q10) the concentration of endogenous Q per mg of mitochondrial protein. In Q-depleted mitochondria the extents of incorporation are greater for all the quinones. This study points out that there is a reflection between the isoprenoid units of each Q-homolog and its incorporation into mitochondrial membranes.


[Obtaining ribosome crystals in homogenates]. Chick embryos are homogenized in order to analyse ribosome crystallization. Ribosome crystallization has been induced by hypothermic treatment in chick embryos homogenate. Tetramers and crystals were produced by gradually inducing the temperature over a span of 10 h to 4 degrees C. It has been observed that the concentration of KCl in the buffer is a critical point. It is suggested that the nuclear fraction is engaged in ribosome crystallization.


[Chromatography of membrane proteins in Triton-X 100. I) Solubilization of membrane proteins in Triton-X 100]. In their study of the chemical and physical characteristics of membrane protein, the Authors have directed their attention to Triton-X 100. The hypothesis is that this detergent would have two antagonistic effects: on the one hand it would delimit the membrane fostering the formation of unstable complexes, on the other it would establish unstable intermediate complexes fostering the formation of soluble proteic complexes.


[Chromatography of membrane proteins in Triton-X 100. II) Affinity chromatography of membrane proteins on Con-A linked to Sepharose in Triton-X 100]. The Authors have made chromatographs using Con-A Sefaroso columns, varying the percent of Triton-X 100 and the proteic concentration. With proteic concentrations varying from 0.4 to 4mg/ml and in solutions containing 0.5 to 1% of Triton-X 100 with the pH value remaining constant at 8 - solubilization of membrane protein does occur.


[Chromatography of membrane proteins in Triton-X 100. III) Ion exchange chromatography of Con-A positive and negative membrane proteins. Methods]. The Authors describe the method they have elaborated to adapt chromatographic techniques to separate membrane protein according to their electric charge.


[Unusual fatty acids in turkeys fed a diet containing "Toprina". II. Composition of the higher fatty acids of the liver, brain and adipose tissue]. Total lipids (TL), phospholipids (PL) and fatty acid composition of TL and PL were estimated in adipose tissue, liver and brain of turkeys, males and females, fed diets containing 0%, 10% and 15% of Candida lipolytica cultivated on n-alkanes by industrial metod ("Toprina"). TL and PL were also valued in "Toprina" and diets. It was observed that: a) PL increased in diets, adipose tissue and liver, not in brain; b) with increasing concentrations of dietary yeasts fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 increased, 17:1 and 17:2 typical of product appeared and increased in adipose tissue and liver only, not in brain.


[Unusual fatty acids in turkeys fed a diet containing "Toprina". III. Composition of higher fatty acids in the heart and skeletal muscle]. Total lipids (TL), phospholipids (PL) and fatty acid composition of TL and PL were estimated in breast, leg and cardiac muscles of turkeys, males and females, fede diets containing 0%, 10% and 15% of Candida lipolytica cultivated on n-alkanes by industrial method ("Toprina"). LT and PL were also valued in "Toprina" and diets. With increasing concentration of dietary yeasts it was observed that: a) Pl increased in diets, breast and leg muscles; b) fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 increased, 17:1 and 17:2, typical of the product, appeared and increased in the tissues.


[Recognition of spikes in multiunit tracings. I. Method description]. A simple procedure is presented for performing an automatic analysis of a multiunit recording from brain neuronal cells. By using a small computer, an analog to digital conversion is made and then the different spikes are recognized and characterized by means of their temporal abscissa (time of occurrence), amplitude, duration and type. Spikes due to different cells can be identified on the basis of these parameters.


[Recognition of spikes in multiunit tracings. II. Method application]. The procedure for spike recognition shown in the previous note is here applied to the identification of the different spikes that are present in a multiunit recording obtained by means of an extracellular microelectrode. The different parameters are listed for each recognized spike.


[Correlation between red cell 2,3-DPG and serum levels of thyroid hormones in newborn infants]. The correlation between red cell 2,3-DPG and serum levels of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) has been evaluated in full-term newborns, 1 to 4 days old. A direct effect of thyroxine (T4) on the post-natal increase of red cell 2,3-DPG was excluded because no significant correlation was found between the rise of 2,3-DPG concentration and serum T4 level.


[Variations of chlorides and bicarbonates in pancreatic juice in response to increasing doses of secretin and cholecystokinin]. Sequential changes in chloride and bicarbonate concentrations in pancreatic juice were evaluated after gradually increased doses of: 1) synthetic secretin in men 2) natural secretin in dogs 3) natural CCK in dogs. The results suggest that the increase in bicarbonate concentration is accompanied by a proportional chloride concentration decrease. The total anionic concentration is constant and it is not affected by different hormonal stimulation.


[Gas-chromatographic determination of levamisole residues in sheep flesh]. The Authors carried out a research on the residues of Levamisole, a well known antihelmintic drug, in the muscles, livers, kidneys and blood from sheep treated with therapeutical doses. The results suggest that highest levamisole concentrations in the organs have been detected between the second and the third day (3.25 ppm in muscles; 1.40 ppm in livers; 0.22 ppm in kidneys). Remarkable residues have already been verified in blood during the first determination (4 h after the treatment) but these have been rapidly eliminated. Besides, a gradual diminution of the residues was observed until the seventh day from the treatment.


[Action of a new compound, derived from NEM and DTE, on anionic translocation in mitochondria]. The activity of translocating system which mediates the transport of Pi and citric cycle intermediates in mitochondria, has been determined with the multi-layer centrifugation technique. Contrary to all expectation it has been found that NEM, which binds tightly to SH groups, and DTE which reacting with disulphides increases the number of thiol groups of mitochondrial membrane, both inhibited the Pi leads to OH- and increased the initial rate of succinate leads to Pi exchange diffusion reactions. Identical results were obtained when mitochondria were preincubated with both NEM and DTE. The possibility that in these last conditions the effect on the translocator could be not determined by NEM and DTE per se but by a compound derived from their interaction, has been tested. Indeed solutions of NEM and DTE added in the concentration ratio of 2 to 1 and in absence of mitochondria, promoted the formation of a new compound, indicated as DTS, evidentiable by following the disappearance of both the absorbance of NEM at 302 nm and the free SH groups of DTE. Succinate leads to Pi and Pi leads to OH- exchange reactions were respectively stimulated and inhibited by DTS with a behaviour comparable to that observed in presence of NEM and/or DTE. The results are interpreted as a further and decisive support to the hypothesis that SH groups cannot be considered as functional active sites of the translocating system.


[The content of reduced glutathione in rat liver after poisoning with white phosphorus]. The content of hepatic GSH was evaluated in rats after poisoning with white phosphorus. In addition, liver damage following the administration of the hepatotoxin was assessed by determining hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Experiments in parallel were carried out in an attempt to evaluate the enhanced susceptibility of hepatic tissue to peroxidative decomposition of unsaturated lipids 'in vitro', as measured by the production of TBA-reacting substances. Our data indicate that only in the early stage of intoxication is it possible to detect a slight decrease of GSH content in the liver, while during the subsequent stages the concentration of GSH was unaffected. At 6 hours of intoxication the level of hepatic triglycerides was significantly increased. Pretreatment with GSH was followed by an amelioration of fatty infiltration, but the content of hepatic GSH was unchanged. The production of TBA-reacting products was found enhanced only at 6 hours of intoxication. These results are discussed in relation to the role of lipid peroxidation in liver injury by white phosphorus.


Changes induced by fasting and cycloheximide in the vacuolar apparatus of rat hepatocytes. A morphometric investigation. An increase in the number of autophagic vacuoles and in the size of the dense and residual bodies was observed in the hepatocytes of rats fasted for 24 hours; moreover, the number of dense bodies was reduced. These data suggest that the previously reported acceleration in cell protein degradation caused by fasting can be accounted for by enhanced autography. The treatment with cycloheximide, which was previously found to prevent this proteolytic response, also prevents the appearance of signs of enhanced autophagic activity.


Effect of methyl glyoxal on enzyme release and on protein synthesis and secretion by isolated hepatocytes. The experiments reported in this paper were designed to study some aspects of protein metabolism in isolated rat liver cells treated with methyl glyoxal. Concentrations of this drug not inducing cell damage were able to decrease hepatocyte protein synthesis and secretion. The results obtained using liver cells whose protein was prelabelled suggest that the alpha-ketoaldehyde acts not only through an impairment of protein synthesis but also affecting the secretion pathway itself.


[Modifications of platelet function induced by ASA. I. Effects on aggregation]. The inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. induced by a single dose of 1g'per os or e.v. of ASA, has been studied in normal subjects by the method of Born. The results suggest the possibility of pharmacological effect control in thrombotic prevention.


Ultrastructure of neuromelanin granules in dog substantia nigra at different ages. The Authors study through ultrastructural observations the sequence of processes concerning the appearance and the depositing of the neuromelanic pigment in the neurons of dog mesencephalic substantia nigra nucleus at different ages. The results are as follows: in the one year old dog, in a low percentage of lysosome-like oval organelles, few masses, strongly electron-dense, appear on the matrix. In the five year old dog, these masses are deposited and increased in quantity inside many more organelles. In the specimens extracted from older dogs, these organelles, characterized moreover by the presence of lipidic globules, merging in groups, became larger and more irregular. The Authors discuss the results obtained with the ultrastructural observation, compared with those obtained with the optical methods.


Fine structure of the paraventricular magnocellular neurons in the domestic fowl. The morphology of the PVN of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) was studied by the Golgi method and the electron microscope. The magnocellular neurons of the PVN are periventricularly scattered, in the region caudal to the anterior commissure, and they are situated in small clusters. Their ultrastructural features are the presence of a large amount of cytoplasm containing also few dense-core vesicles (1100--1500 A in diameter). In the neuropil axosomatic and axodendritic synapses are seen. Some of these show also dense-core vesicles (600--900 A).


[Variations in human blood osmotic globular resistance by the action of Vipera berus venom in different experimental conditions. I. Hemolytic effect]. The effect of Berus Viper's venom on human blood globular resistance with changing incubation conditions has been studied. Particularly venom's concentration (from 200 to 400 microgram/ml of blood), temperature (from 20 degrees C to 37 degrees C) and time (from 1/2h to 2h) have been changed. Time and temperature are important factors in haemolytic process development, instead venom's concentration behave like a factor not significantly haemolysis modifying.


[Variations in human blood osmotic globular resistance by the action of Vipera berus venom in different experimental conditions. II. Antihemolytic effect]. Human blood hemolysis in NaCl 0,42% solution at 20 degrees C with different amounts of Berus Viper's venom in the range of 100 to 2000 microgram/ml of blood, has been studied. At these conditions venom's antihemolytic considerable action has been found.


[Echocardiographic calculation of left ventricle ejection volume. 1) Preliminary note: comparison  of diverse formula]. Four different formulae to calculate left ventricular ejection volume were examined in the present study. Formulae show a different degree of reliability and, however, their use prove to be limited if heart rate factor is not considered. These results emphasized the great importance of determining left ventricular ejection volume in terms of cardiac output.


[Echocardiographic calculation of left ventricle ejection volume. 2) Proposal of a new equation]. A new formula is proposed to calculate left ventricular ejection volume. It has been originated directly from Yeh equation, introducing two important factors: 1) left ventricular and diastolic diameter 2) ejection time adjusted according to heart rate. This new formula prove to give satisfactory results both as to stroke volume and cardiac output, thus allowing its possible clinical application.


[Behavior of plasma cortisol in the course of testing with lysine-8-vasopressin and with lysine-8-vasopressin + resperine in normal subjects]. Eight normal subjects were tested with LVP before and after treatment with Reserpine. The results show that Reserpine inhibits the cortisolemic response to the LVP test. This effect can most likely be attributed to the depletion of catecholamines induced by these drugs on the CNS and, in particular, in the Hypothalamus.


[Influence of haloperidol on blood cortisol response to lysine-8-vasopressin in normal subjects]. The investigations were done on ten normal subjects. The LVP test was performed before and after intravenous-infusion of Haloperidol (Img). The results show that haloperidol eliminates the cortisolemic response during stimulation with LVP; that is most likely, in relation to the specific blocking effect of this drug on dopaminergic receptors in the hypothalamus and on the hypothalamo-diencephalic pathways.


Activation of pyramidal neurons by intrinsic longitudinal connections in the hippocampus. In the guinea pig, EPSPs and population spikes were found to be generated in the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons of middle and ventral hippocampus, in response to dorsal hippocampal commissure (PSD) stimulation, without any involvement of dentate gyrus granule cells of corresponding segments. These long-latency synaptic effects were evoked only by repetitive (0.2-2.0 c/sec) PSD stimulation and showed increasing latency in ventral direction. A cross section between dorsal and middle hippocampus was followed by the disappearance of the responses ventrally to the section. The results show that the postsynaptic discharge of dorsal pyramidal neurons is transferred to more ventral hippocampal segments by an intrahippocampal longitudinal association system.


Field potentials evoked in the subiculum following postsynaptic discharge of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Evoked potentials, represented by population spikes and slow waves, have been recorded from the subiculum, along its whole dorso-ventral extent, following postsynaptic activation and discharge of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. These potentials can be associated with synaptic excitatory effects generated on radially oriented neurons by hippocampal impulses reaching the subiculum at any dorso-ventral level, according to a segmental organization.


Selective activation of field CA1-CA2 by perforant neurons discharging in response to hippocampal efferent volleys. A long lasting evoked response, generated in the hippocampal field CA1-CA2 following postsynaptic sequential discharge of hippocampal pyramids and entorhinal neurons, has been analyzed by multiple simultaneous surface and depth recordings in the guinea pig dorsal hippocampal region. Results obtained suggest that it can be associated with postsynaptic excitatory potentials evoked in the distal portion of the apical dendrites of field CA1-CA2 pyramids by perforant neurons selectively discharged by impulses of hippocampal origin.


[Effect of pretreatment with metoclopramide on plasma prolactin response to methergoline]. The Authors examined 20 voluntary women without endocrine diseases. The women took 4 mg of metergoline orally and 30-60-90-120-180-240 minutes after the medicament was given the serum prolactin levels were tested. After 3 weeks, 14 among 20 subjects repeated the test assuming during the 3 days before 50 mg of metoclopramide orally once a day. The Authors found a remarkable decline of prolactin serum levels after metergoline administration in all subjects. After metoclopramide administration prolactin serum levels increased meaningly. Metergoline administration gave again considerable fall of prolactin serum levels in the 14 subjects. From the data the Authors affirm that metergoline inhibits prolactin secretion with an antiserotonine action


[Effect of diet with different protein content on rats during gestation: repercussion on pregnancy development and litter size. Preliminary note]. Pregnant rats, Wistar strain, were treated from day 11 of gestation with synthetic diets containing different amounts of protein. The Group of rats fed a severely deficient protein diet (4% of casein, 2% of lactalbumin) showed reduced hematocrit, hemoglobin, total protein and an expressive increase of gamma globulins compared with rats treated with normal or elevated protein levels. Weight gain during pregnancy was higher for rats which received a larger amount of protein; on the contrary those that were subjected to malnutrition had no weight gain and bore prematurely with high percent of foetal mortality.


[Thyroid function and lipid metabolism in rats treated with lithium and cholesterol deficient Nath diet]. The administration of drinking-water, added with LiCl (20mg Li+/l) to rats fed on "atherogenic" diet without cholesterol (casein 20% hydrogenated coconut oil 25%, sucrose 49.1%) for 90 days, elicits an expressive diminution of haematic lipids (triglycerides, free fatty acids, total cholesterol) and hepatic cholesterol. The serum dosages of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 show that the Li+ concentration used in the experiment do not inhibit the glandular functions.


[Sugar mixtures and differential absorption during muscular exertion in the athlete]. The AA. reports the possibility to prepare special sugar mixtures at various degree of complexity (mono-di-oligo-polisaccharides). These have high solubility and neutral taste. These supply to athletes disposable amounts of glucose for muscular contraction during the play time.


[Evaluation of platelet aggregation index (IAP) in athletes practicing rowing after administration of anti-inflammatory agents]. The AA. measured the Platelets Aggregation Index (I.A.P.) in two groups of oarsmen: the first treated with an anti-inflammatory drug and the second (control) without any drug. They found a statistically significant difference of the I.A.P. in the two groups.


[Thrombelastographic pattern in chronic bronchopneumonia patients placed on oxygen therapy]. The thromboelastographic pattern in chronic obstructive lung disease as compared to normal group during O2 administration was evaluated. The results stressed that the basal hypocoagulability of pathological subjects had become normal after O2 administration. No significant change in the group of normal subjects was observed.


[Estrogen receptors in rabbit thymus].

[Estrogen receptors in rabbit thymus]. The estrogen receptors presence or absence in the thymus gland represents the basic element to assert or to exclude any estrogenic action in the thymus. Now we have measured the presence of cytoplasmatic estrogen receptors in the female rabbits thymus, using some methods (sucrose gradient, protamine sulphate, dextran-coated charcoal). Finally, we have investigated, using the sucrose gradient assay, the nuclear ER presence in 1000g thymic pellet. The results exclude high levels of estrogen-binding proteins while don't suggest their total absence in the female rabbit thymus.


[Effects of low frequency vibrations on the human spine]. There is a general agreement in literature about effects of low frequency vibrations on spine in tractor drivers. Tractor drivers are exposed to noxious vibrations transmitted mostly by the seat. Spine generally presents a picture of degenerative lesions with higher incidence than in control groups. A statistical relation to the precocity of tractor driving can be shown.


[Measurement of cytoplasmic receptors specific for steroid hormones. IV) Glucocorticoid receptor]. Binding of 3H-cortisol (3H-C) and 3H-dexamethasone (3H-DX), a fluorinated glucocorticoid which does not bind to Corticosteroid Binding Globulin (CBG), was investigated in two different target tissues, human breast cancer and human leukemic lymphocytes, using a modified DCC assay method. Maximal binding to cytosol occurred, when increasing concentrations of 3H-C or 3H-DX were incubated in the presence or in the absence of an excess of cold cortisol or dexamethasone, at 0 degrees C for 1 hr or 4 hr, respectively. A 50 sec exposure to DCC was sufficient to separate bound from free labelled steroid. Data presented suggest that two different classes of glucocorticoid exist, which are differently distributed in target tissues, and may be identified on the basis of affinity for the tracer, binding specificity and thermolability.


[Biohydrogenation of erucic acid (22:1 n-9 cis) in artificial rumen. I). Effect of octadecapolyenoic fatty acids and the incubation period]. Normally dietary octadecapolyenoic fatty acids are anaerobically hydrogenated in ruminants, both "in vivo" in the rumen and "in vitro" with ruminal content. Here it has been investigated in artificial rumen the process concerning the erucic acid (22:1 n-9 cis) compared with and in presence of C 18 polyunsaturated acids at various incubation times. The results have shown that C 18 polyunsaturated acids hydrogenation with conversion into hydrogenation intermediates and stearic acid does always occur in contrast with erucic acid where it is never revealable, unrelated to the incubations conditions applied.


[Effects of prolonged fasting and vagotomy on the ultrastructure of contractile myocardium in pigeons]. Ultrastructural changes in pigeon heart following long fasting and vagotomy are reported. In the fasting pigeons several fat droplets surrounding the adjacent nearest mitochondria represent the most important finding. Conversely, in the fasting and vagotomized pigeons the mean finding is a large decrease of fat droplets. Ultrastructural findings appear related with biochemical changes by different experimental conditions.


[Scanning electron microscopy of the inner surface of small intestine in chick embryos]. The inner surface of the midgut of chicken embryos ageing between seven and fifteen days incubation has been examined by scanning electron microscope. In this period the surface of the mucous membrane undergoes significant morphological changes; in fact, while at seven days incubation it appears to be smooth and regular, in the following days it begins to show longitudinal folds increasingly higher, more numerous and complicated. Since eleven days incubation some folds take a zigzag appearance that progressively becomes more evident and extends to all the folds. In the mean time, the enterocytes undergo a gradual specialization and represent the only type of epithelial cells in this stage of development. Their apex until seven days incubation is dome-shaped, provided with short microvilli and separated from the surrounding cells by deep circular grooves. About thirteen days the apex appears to be less swollen, with longer and more numerous microvilli and bounded by microplicae arranged in an hexagonal disposition.


[Ultrastructural observations on choroid melanoma]. Twelve melanoblastomas of the choroid of different histological types have been studied in the semi-thin sections and at transmission electron microscope. There have been also observed at scanning electron microscope. The ultrastructural findings show some differences in the main cellular types as observed at light microscope by Callender (spindle-shaped cells A and B and epithelioid). In the epithelioid and spindle-shaped B cells a higher number of ribosomes and of mitochondria and large, polymorphous, often multiple nucleoli with reticular structure are observed. There findings may be related to a greater metabolic activity and anaplastic tendency of these cells. Moreover in spindle B - and epithelioid - cell types atypical melanogenesis and nuclear bodies are particularly evident. Scanning electron microscope show well developed cytoplasmic extensions in spindle cells.


[Evaluation of monoamine oxidase in the serum (SMAO) of clinically healthy volunteers]. Linearity of response "day-to-day" and "within-day" variation of a simple method for serum monoaminoxidase (SMAO) activity have been evaluated. SMAO determination in 209 clinically healthy subjects was performed to find out the "reference values" for the method.


[Activity of serum monoamine oxidase (SMAO) in patients with connective tissue diseases : preliminary results]. Serum monoaminoxidase activity (SMAO) has been determined in patients with different connective tissue diseases. Preliminary results show a constant and significative increase sclerosis.


[Metabolism of thyroxine in acute viral hepatitis]. Aim of this report was to define the correlation between hepatic acute damage and thyroxine metabolism. We have studied plasma levels of T4, T3, rT3 and TSH in 18 adult male subjects with acute viral hepatitis. No significant variation of T4, T3 and TSH plasma levels was found in different phases of disease. However, plasma rT3 levels were clearly elevated in 72% of patients in the first 7 days (mean 440 pg/ml vs 198 pg/ml of normal controls) and in 17% of cases in the second 10 days of disease (mean 269 pg/ml). Plasma rT3 concentration was always normal in the subsequent phases of disease. Our results indicate a diversion of peripheral thyroxine metabolism in the early stages of acute hepatitis.


[Effect of the simultaneous action of melatonin and ADP in megakaryocytes in vitro. -IV-]. Simultaneous addition of ADP plus Melatonin induces apparent emission of platelets by rat's megacariocyte in vitro.


[Determination of taste threshold].

[Determination of taste threshold]. A linear inverse relation links the HCl solution molarity to both the absolute HCl solution intake, and the ratio of the HCl solution to the total fluid intake. The last algebraic relation allows the taste threshold to be estimated.


[Peripheral and central factors which modify the taste threshold]. Several anatomical, physiological and behavioral factors have part in changing the values of the detection threshold, among which the reflexly secreted oral fluid. The HCl molar concentration appears to be a hyperbolic function of preference (= taste solution/water ratio); the empirical formula of the function makes the HCl molar concentration to be known, at which the same voll. of water and taste solution are drunk, i.e. the taste threshold.


[Lymphocytotoxicity in alcoholic hepatitis: evalutation of effector cells]. Alcohol induced liver damage has been recently suggested to occur in some cases as a consequence of a true autoimmune reaction. However the nature of the effector cells is still debated. Microlymphocytotoxicity "in vitro" test against rabbit hepatocytes has been performed in 29 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and 8 with acute alcoholic hepatitis. The diagnosis has been done on clinical and histological grounds. The mean cytotoxicity index (CI) of subjects with alcoholic cirrhosis was 15.12 +/- 14.18 and with acute alcoholic hepatitis 62.49 +/- 16.33 (normal range: 0 -37.90). To further characterize the effector cells in our system, the test has been performed again either using T-enriched fractions of peripheral lymphocytes or after pronase-induced digestion of SmIg of total lymphocytes in 5 patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis and high CI. In both instances a disappearance of citotoxic activity has been observed. These data suggest: a) autoimmune reaction can occur only in patients with acute alcoholic liver damage; b) non T-cells are responsible for cytotoxicity; c) the immune reaction appears to be of cell-mediated antibody-dependent type.


[Appraisal of the protein efficiency ratio of diverse protein concentrates]. In this report the biological value of new protein concentrates has been estimated. In growing rats the protein efficiency ratio, together with the load of liver and serum cholesterol, lipids and proteins, has been determined. It has been concluded that all the protein samples have a nutritional value at least like the older products made with proteins of milk.


Effect of ethanol on respiratory activity of embryonal tissues. By estimating the respiratory activity of various chicken embryonal organs we have noted that it was the highest for the kidney tissues and lower and lower for liver, brain and heart tissues. After the addition of ethanol to the culture medium we may conclude that ethanol 2,5% does not substantially alter the cellular respiratory activity, whereas ethanol 5% remarkably appears to inhibit it. In fact for this last condition the heart and kidney fragments, when are transplanted after 48 hours in "pendent drop", result rarely surviving.


[Effect of different oxygen pressure levels on the transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in myocardial cell cultures]. The activity of aminoacid transport, as measured by alpha-aminoisobutyrate uptake, has been studied in confluent myocardial cell cultures exposed to different oxygen tensions. The results obtained indicate that the rate of cellular uptake and accumulation of the inert aminoacid increase with time as the fraction of oxygen is reduced. When alpha-aminoisobutyrate was added in presence of all other aminoacids of the medium, the effect of oxygen was also evident, suggesting a mechanism which overcomes the competitive action of the other aminoacids assigned to the same transport system of alpha-aminoisobutyrate (A system). The modulation of aminoacid transport activity may represent one of the possible mechanisms by which environmental oxygen affect the rate of cellular protein synthesis.


[Research in experimental electrocardiography. I: action of DCA-ajmaline on the electrocardiogram of the rat]. In the course of their experiments, the Authors did not observe any modifications in the rat electrocardiogram, induced by a 2,5 mg DCA-ajmaline intravenous injection, nor, in particular, any negative bathmotropic action due to it.


[Interference of some detergent micelles with the titration of protein]. We have examined the possible interferences with spectrophotometric protein determination of some detergents commonly used for the solubilization of membrane proteins. The results show that some mixtures of Triton X100 with SDS or DOC, at given concentrations, interfere with BSA determination by the method of Lowry.


[Plasma membrane lipid composition in liver regeneration: degree of fatty acid desaturation]. In the context of the biochemical characterization of the plasma membrane during liver regeneration, the fatty acid composition of phospholipids has been determined. Experiments were carried out on liver plasma membrane phospholipid extracts obtained from livers of laparatomized or partially hepatectomized rats 1.5, 4, 15 and 24 h after surgery. The results show no significant change in fatty acid composition and insaturation degree at any time after partial hepatectomy. The results are discussed in view of the lower cholesterol/phospholipid ratio observed in regenerating liver plasma membrane.


[Uptake of L-(+)lactate by cell membrane (luminal and contraluminal) isolated from rat small intestine microvilli]. L-lactate uptake was measured in vesicles formed by intestinal brush border and baso-lateral membranes, using a rapid filtration technique. In the presence of a Na+ gradient directed into the vesicle, L-lactate can be transiently accumulated in brush border vesicles, but not in baso-lateral ones. The transient L-lactate accumulation does not occur in the presence of a KCl gradient. alpha-cyanocinammic acid strongly inhibits L-lactate uptake in brush border vesicles, but not in baso-lateral ones. These results support the existence of a carrier mediated, Na+ dependent, transport of L-lactate across the brush border membrane.


[Quantitative evaluation of the degree of bone tissue deposition in sponge-like skeletal segments submitted to a physiological overload]. In a 14-month old dog, injected twice with Alizarian red 27 and 7 days before sacrifice, both the distribution of the osteogenic areas and the rate of new bone tissue formation have been studied in the distal metaphysis of the right radius submitted to mechanical overloading by removing a piece of the ulnar shaft. The normally loaded left radius was used as a control. Following a four-month overloading, the bone tissue deposition rate appeared markedly reduced in the more peripherally located "tubular" spongiosa which underwent in parallel conspicuous structural changes. No alterations in the reconstruction rate and in the microscopical structure as compared to the control radius were observed instead in the deep-seated "laminar" spongiosa. The present, as well as previous findings, seem to support the view that (1) the two types of trabecular bone, i.e. the "tubular" and the "laminar" spongiosa, are subjected to quantitatively diverse loading, and (2) mechanical factors play a significant role in the control of the topographic distribution of bone tissue reconstruction.


[Quantitative evaluation of the degree of bone tissue deposition in sponge-like skeletal segments experimentally subjected to mechanical stress]. A 12-month old dog was sacrificed 4 months after fixation of the left anterior limb, in a cutaneous pouch, to the thoracic wall, and division of the ipsilateral brachial plexus; 27 and 7 days before sacrifice, Alizarin red (20 mg/Kg) was injected intravenously. Rarefaction of spongy bone and increase in the rate of osteogenic activity were recorded from the sections of the distal end of the unloaded left radius compared to the corresponding part of the control bone. The events mentioned appeared more marked in the "tubular" than in the "lamellar" spongiosa. These findings seem to offer new evidence supporting the suggestion that in adult life bone tissue reconstruction rate is relatively higher in the areas of spongy bone comparatively less involved in the mechanical resistance.


[Determination of the K+/Na+ ratio in experimental drowning in sea water]. Potassium and sodium content in lung, heart and liver of sea water-drowned mice was measured flame-photometrically after destruction of tissue through nitric-percloric acid. It was found that the ratio of K+/Na+ content in the lung and even in the heart was significantly lower in the drowned group than in the control one; the liver did not show any significant eletrolyte change after drowning. The results are the basis of a test applicable to humans.


[The effect of sodium dantrolene on the detrusor urinae muscle of the bladder isolated from guinea pigs]. The effects of dantrolene sodium were evaluated in vitro using the guinea pig detrusor muscle preparation. Dantrolene reversibly decreased the strength of the responses of the detrusor to acetylcholine and histamine. The drug seems to depress the detrusor muscle of the bladder as it does others smooth muscles.


[Thea value and limits to kinetic analysis of human serum Ig. Preliminary note]. We have considered accuracy and sensitivity of a new kinetic method called "Fixed time", in order to determine human Ig. The method based on velocity of the reaction, considers the increase in turbidness, which is due to immune-complex formation during a constant and predetermined period of time from the start of the reaction to when equilibrium is achieved. Experience with testing times demonstrates that the best results were obtained by introducing a variant to the method adopted up to now. According to that method, velocity reaction was usually estimated in a period of time comprised between the 1st and the 6th minute, while turbidness is now estimated after 15" (first time) and after 3'15" (final time) from the beginning of the reaction.


[Preliminary study of the physical chemistry and catalytic properties of glutathione-S-transferase from human placenta]. Glutathione-S-transferase activity has been identified in the cytosol of human placenta. The specific activity measured is about 50% of that found in human liver. While some kinetic data have a close correspondence with those attributed to transferases of other sources, the molecular weight (60.000 daltons) and electric properties of this protein are unusual. The inhibitory effect of several non-substrate compounds suggests that also the placental Glutathione-S-transferase may play some role in detoxication of exogenous substances.


A three channel radio-controlled brain-stimulator for unrestrained animals. We have developed a project for biological radio-controlled electrostimulation, consisting in a three channel telestimulator, which has been used in our laboratories on animals unrestrained and complete freedom of movements. The system has been tested and used in many experiments which excellent results.


A study of the parameters of electric stimulation on the dorsal hippocampus for the "after discharge", carried out with the aid of a current-operated telestimulator, in the rabbit supplied with permanent electrodes. Our purpose in this work has been to carry out experiment of electric stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus, by measuring exactly the quantity of stimulating current, expressed in mA, in order to ascertain the actual quantities of electric charges, expressed in microcoulombs and conveyed to the examined structure and able to cause "an after discharge". the optimum stimulation frequency involving supply of the lowest quantity of electric charges and such frequency is more or less equal to the frequency of discharge of the paroxysmal bioelectric activity (about 20 c/sec). The optimum length of the train of stimulation is very short, but non shorter than 1 sec; consequently the length of the train of stimuli of 2, 5 sec, corresponding to a current intensity inferior to 1 mA and to a sufficiently low quantity fo charges, is to be regarded as the optimum length. The optimum length of the single stimulus is very short too, but it cannot be too short, since, also in this case, the intensity of current necessary to reach the threshold for the "after discharge" would reach such values as to cause lesions in the stimulated structure; consequently the length of the single stimulus corresponding to 0, 4 msec is to be considered as to optimum length.


Effects of the removal of olfactory bulbs on the appearance and then on the latency of the "mouse-killing reaction" in the rat of the Wistar SM strain. The 20% of male 5-6 month-old Wistar rats SM prove to be natural killers. A four-month long insulation of "surely non-killer" rats has not allowed to notice a mouse-killing behaviour in any animal. The total bilateral removal of olfactory bulbs in "non-killer rats" causes a "mouse-killing behaviour" in all the animal 24 hours after the operation, but with a latency of response that has proved different in the various rats. Precisely, while 24 hours and 15 days after the bulb operation the rats can be distinguished into "rapid killers" and "slow killers", after 30 days all the animals become "rapid killers" with a remarkably shortened period of mouse-killing latency (1 - 60 seconds).


Function of the anal sphincters following anterior resections of rectum. The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the function of the anal sphincter following anterior resections of the rectum. Our data have shown that the anorectal reflex did not depend on the presence of the rectal mucosa. The external anal sphincter contraction involves a reflex which is initiated by stretch receptors in the levator ani muscle. The internal anal sphincter relaxation is likely a local reflex involving nerve pathways not yet completely defined.


Rectoanal reflex in healthy subject.

Rectoanal reflex in healthy subject. The present work was performed in order to examine the rectoanal reflex in healthy subject. Our findings suggest that the fecal continence is sustained by both the anal sphincters. The maximal anal pressure at rest is governed by activity of the internal sphincter while the external anal sphincter promptly contracts when the rectum is distended.


Function of the anal sphincters following pull-through operations without anal eversion. It has been investigated the function of the anal sphincters following Bacon type pull-through operation. Our data have shown a significant decrease of the anal resting pressure after pull-through excision signifying an impairment in the internal sphincter function. But the tonic external sphincter contraction induced by stimulation can maintain continence.


[Report on dietary medium chain fatty acids (MCT) and chicken growth]. From the results, obtained from the comparison between diet containing medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and the growth of chicks, emerged the importance of the qualitative composition of the diet; most of all it became evident the influence that MCT exert on the amount of energy rendered per ration consumed. Less body growth is obtained due to the adapting, probably temporary, of oxidative metabolism to the increased quantity of medium chain fatty acid consumption.


[Eledoisin stimulation of salivary secretion in dogs]. Eledoisin, administered to dogs by intra-carotid route, potently stimulated salivary secretion. The effect was not due to stimulation of cholinergic, adrenergic, histaminergic or 5-hydroxytryptaminergic receptors but was direct on salivary glands.


[Lacrimatory effect of eledoisin in dogs]. Eledoisin, administered to dogs by conjunctival route, potently stimulated lacrimal secretion. The effect did not depend on activation of adrenergic, histaminergic or 5-hydroxytryptaminergic receptor and was only in part due to stimulation of cholinergic receptors.


[Effect of eledoisin on the process of corneal repair in rabbits]. Eledoisin cured corneal lesions produced in the rabbit by cocaine but failed to heal those produced by sodium hydroxide. The effect was probably due to accelerated epithelial proliferation.


Respiratory illness, maternal smoking habit and lung function in children. Two hundred and fourteen children aged 7-11 years had tests of lung function performed. Mothers were asked about their past and current smoking habits and whether their children had ever had pneumonia or severe bronchitis. The findings suggest a relationship between early childhood bronchitis or pneumonia and impairment of lung function in later childhood and also suggest that maternal smoking habit may contribute directly to impairment of lung function in children.


Interpretation of blood gas analysis by physicians in a community teaching hospital. Forty-two interns and residents on the staff of a community teaching hospital were questioned to assess their understanding of blood gas abnormalities. Misunderstandings were such that 24% of the residents and interns might have given inadequate care had their interpretations dictated practice. Few therapeutic misadventures in fact occurred, largely because of supervision. Even without supervision, it is unlikely that much harm would have come about, partly because pattern recognition and rules of thumb provided adequate guidance and partly because no notice was taken of the results of the blood gas analysis anyway. Those who wish to promote rational practice should direct their educational efforts to improved understanding of the mechanisms of hypoxaemia and of the chemical, physiological and pathophysiological interactions of PCO2, bicarbonate and pH in the various acid-base disorders.


The role of histocompatibility (HLA) antigens in asbestosis. Histocompatibility antigens on the A, B and C loci have been studied in 172 asbestos workers, 92 of whom had radiographic evidence of asbestosis and 80 of whom had normal radiographs. Within each population, 77 were selected who matched for age, sex, duration from first exposure, duration of exposure and approximate heaviness of exposure. Results were also compared with 174 normal unexposed volunteers. No differences of statistical significance were found in the frequency of histocompatibility antigens tested when the matched or the total population of asbestos workers with and without asbestosis were compared. There was, however, a consistent trend of increase in B27 amongst those with asbestosis (11%) and this reached conventional significance (P < 0.05) when the 92 asbestotics were compared with the whole group having normal radiographs (asbestos workers 5.0% and volunteers 5.2%). Amongst the group having asbestosis, those with HLA-B27 had a significantly shorter exposure to the dust (13.5 years) compared with those without asbestosis (22.3 years), although the mean radiographic profusion score for the two categories was similar. No statistical differences could be found when B5, B8 and B12 were analysed in a similar way, but there was a trend suggesting that B5 was less frequent amongst a small group of cases showing radiographic progression over a three-year follow-up, compatible with the suggestion that this antigen might be linked with with some protective effect.


HLA-B18 antigens and protection from pulmonary fibrosis in asbestos workers. HLA antigens were identified in 64 patients with radiographic asbestosis and 37 matched controls with equivalent asbestos exposure but no radiographic pulmonary fibrosis. A high prevalence of HLA-B18, B27 and Cw2 was found in the controls. This result might indicate that the possessors of these HLA antigens are thus protected from the development of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis from asbestos exposure. Signs of susceptibility were not demonstrated. The radiographic severity and progression of asbestosis were not associated with any of the HLA antigens tested.


Needle biopsy of the pleura in Nigeria.

Needle biopsy of the pleura in Nigeria. The results of needle biopsy of the pleura carried out on 200 patients are presented. Biopsy was diagnostic in 60% of tuberculous pleural effusions and in 74% of cases of malignant effusions. The histological appearance of chronic fibrosis was seen in 34%, of which half were subsequently found to have tuberculosis.


A survey of the long-term effects of talc and kaolin pleurodesis. Research Committee of the British Thoracic Association and the Medical Research Council Pneumoconiosis Unit. Of 210 patients who underwent pleurodesis with iodized talc or kaolin 14 to 40 years previously, all but 11 were traced. There was no increased incidence of lung cancer and no case of mesothelioma.


Ultrastructural study of pulmonary plasma cell granuloma--report of a case. Electron microscopy of a tumour diagnosed as a pulmonary plasma cell granuloma showed that the tumour was composed of plasma cells, fibroblasts, histiocytes and other inflammatory cells. The plasma cells were mature, with abundant endoplasmic reticulum. Fibroblasts contained multiple lipid droplets and intracytoplasmic inclusions. The relationship between plasma cell granuloma and lesions believed to be related is discussed.


The bronchodilator effects of chlorpheniramine in childhood asthma. Significant improvement in lung function has been demonstrated following the inhalation of chlorpheniramine. The doses which were used caused local irritation and are probably unsuitable for routine clinical use. Nevertheless, we believe that antihistamines deserve further investigation in the treatment of childhood asthma.


Thoracic complications of amoebic liver abscess. We report the cases of 170 patients with thoracic complications from amoebic hepatic abscess. The clinical, radiological and therapeutic features of the condition are discussed. Mortality is high, especially where poverty has already impaired health.


Surgical repair of tracheobronchial compression by tuberculous lymph nodes. We describe a patient with a tuberculous lymph node pressing on the trachea and right lobe of the bronchus who was managed with resection of the node and Dacron patch closure of a defect in the tracheobronchial tree.


Pulmonary telangiectasia.

Pulmonary telangiectasia. Two patients with pulmonary telangiectasia are described. One of these is by far the oldest yet reported. The diagnosis and prognosis of this condition are discussed.


Chronic pleurisy in systemic lupus erythematosus treated with pleurectomy. Pleural involvement, clinically and radiologically, is common in systemic lupus erythematosus but it is usually transient and rarely presents a management problem. In the two cases described here unremitting pleural pain was the dominant symptom. After failure of conservative treatment pleurectomy was performed in both cases with symptomatic relief.


[Ultrastructure of Sertoli cells of the human testis in agenesis of the vas deferens]. Ten testicular biopsies from adult males with agenesis of the vas deferens have been investigated with light and electron microscopy. The ultrastructural study of SERTOLI cells has demonstrated that: (a) the junctions between SERTOLI cells and between SERTOLI and germinal cells retain their normal ultrastructural features. (b) Lanthanum permeates SERTOLI cells tight junctions, but its diffusion towards the adluminal compartment is prevented. (c) SERTOLI cells present unusual amounts of cytoplasmic inclusions, especially lipofuscin granules. A relationship between these inclusions and phagocytosis has not been demonstrated. (d) "Dark" SERTOLI cells which show alterations of their typical junctional complex have been frequently observed, although their frequency varies among the different patients. The results are discussed in relation to diagnostic significance of the ultrastructural study of testicular biopsies.


[The inner surface of chick embryo small intestine by scanning electron microscope]. The inner surface of the midgut of chick embryos aged seven to fifteen days of incubation has been examined by scanning electron microscopy. At this period, the surface of the mucous membrane undergoes significant morphological changes; in fact, while at seven days of incubation it appears to be smooth and regular, in the following days it begins to show longitudinal folds increasingly higher, more numerous and complicated. After eleven days of incubation some folds take a zig-zag appearance that progressively becomes more evident and extends to all the folds. In the mean time, the enterocytes undergo a gradual differentiation and represent the only type of epithelial cells at this stage of development. Their apex until seven days of incubation is dome-shaped, provided with short microvilli and separated from the surrounding cells by deep circular grooves. At about thirteen days the apex appears to be less swollen, with longer and more numerous microvilli and delimited by microplicae arranged in a hexagonal disposition.


[Electrical study and functional approach to the peroneal muscles]. After an attempt to systematize and to give a terminology to the movement of the foot, the authors have studied the role of the muscle peroneus longus and muscle peroneus brevis. This work includes a brief anatomical reminder, and an analysis of electrostimulation and of electromyography. It appears to them that:--the muscles peroneus longus and peroneus brevis have no motor action on the talocrural articulation, but they are synergic with foot flexor muscles as well as with foot extensors, giving lateral stability to this articulation, avoiding varus deviation on a weight bearing limb;--the muscle peroneus longus deepens the plantar arch, enabling impulsion to stance when walking, avoiding weight bearing of the foot on its lateral side. Lastly, the authors think that plastic operations using the muscle peroneus brevis, for rupture of the Achille's tendon, that are performed on an athlete, are not prejudicial to the lateral stability of the foot since a quite inactive muscle is involved.


[Anatomical study and systematization of veins in the foot]. From the dissection and the injection of the foot veins on 70 anatomical pieces, the authors have found the 4 systems usually described:--Lejar's plantar venous rete;--the supra-fascial dorsal venous rete;--the dorsal veins of the foot;--the median and lateral plantar veins. All these systems communicate largely with one another and are practically without any valvula. Among the most interesting systems, one should notice the closely woven plantar rete predominating at the level of the anterior and posterior weight-bearing points, and the importance of the muscular plantar veins close to the weight-bearing points. From those anatomical data 3 conclusions follow: 1) the major importance of the superficial venous drainage in comparison with the deep one, which makes one think of the preponderant role of that system as venous motor at the level the weight-bearing points, while walking; 2) the easy opacification of all those systems in phlebography; 3) the uselessness of any complementary surgical action i the submalleolar regions during the cure of varices.


[The dichotomous distribution of the renal calices]. The analysis of the caliceal cavities of 30 pairs of Kidneys shows a dichotomous distribution of two types: cranio-caudal for the major calices, ventro-dorsal for the minor ones. The dichotomous organization does not result from the initial division of the ureteral bud: but it should depend upon the renal arteries growth commanding a new caliceal pattern during the morphogenesis of the Kidney.


[Mesoscopic anatomy of the peribuccal facial muscles]. In 16 human face dissections under the operative microscope, the authors recall the classical anatomy of perioral muscles. Instead of the 3 muscles around the nostrils, they prefer to discern two layers: deep and superficial. The subnasal region can similarly be dissociated. Resuming the commissural node study they insist upon the peculiar role of the platysma muscle and its expansions, and upon the tight imbrication of buccinator and orbicularis oris muscles.


[Functional anatomy of the pisiform bone]. The pisiform is the only moving structure of the canalis carpi. In the power grip, it undergoes a posterior and medial movement, limited by the pisohamate ligament. This motion is indispensable for a good prehension. The strength of the pisohamate ligament effectively balances the dislocation tendency the flexors carpi ulnaris exert on the pisiform.


[Use of the urocytogram in sexual ambiguities before puberty]. The cellular material studied in the urinary sediment mainly obtained from exfoliated cells of the bladder trigone was submitted to hormonal stimulation. The urocytogram has proved a useful and even necessary examination to establish the hormonal check-up of a child suffering from early puberty. This simple, painless method, without any psychological consequences is also indicated in pediatric gynecology, and in certain sexual ambiguity cases. This examination, undergone by a child premature or not, contributes to the early diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In the course of childhood, it helps to investigate pseudohermaphroditisms and various malformations. This examination has proved an important help in the diagnosis of all the cases of sexual ambiguity.


[Dimensions of the aortic ring. Anatomic and surgical study of 2 series of patients]. Both surgical (236 aortic valve replacements) and anatomical (62 dissections) studies have defined the aortic annulus diameter. Measurements (23.5 mm for women; 26 mm for men) are more considerable than established values. Furthermore, surgical study allows the authors to compare these results to several variables, more especially corporeal surface and stature: the height's increase perhaps explains the large sizes discovered.


[Agenesis of the left pericardium. Apropos of 3 anatomo-surgical observations]. After a short review of the history and the frequency of this malformation, the authors report three cases of pericardial defect: two cases of partial defect, and a case of complete absence (these three patients have been operated); these observations allow the authors to insist on the difference between the complete absence (often very well tolerated) and the partial defect, which exposes to left atrial appendage's incarceration (and sometimes sudden death). The classification based on the extension of the lesions is then considered, and the usual aspect of each type is described. The embryologic findings can explain the higher frequency of left pericardial defects.


[Our experience with methods of studying the visceral lymphatic vessels]. The authors relate their experience on the investigation of the visceral lymphatic vessels. Their experience concerns the lung, the pancreas and essentially the stomach. This work has been carried out as well on the corpse using the technique of Papamiltiades as on the living. On the corps, only descriptive and topographic results may be taken into account; actually, to consider drainage in such a case seems to be a misinterpretation considering absence of lymphatic circulation and the importance of technique on the results. Only confrontation with results in vivo allows an interpretation.