[Immunological dtermination of at. III (author's transl)]. We have effectuated immunologically determination of At. III in serum and plasma into two groups of patients: 1) constituted of 10 subjects which never take oral hormone contraceptives; 2) constituted of 22 subjects who are taking OHC; for various time period. The results indicating that a difference exist between serum and plasma At. III concentration, ad this difference reaches to 30%. In this series of data the At. III levels was normals.


[Rate meaning of estriol-dosage in the pregnant wife pointing out the phoetus development (author's transl)]. The AA. point out the meaning of the urinary estriol dosage in high risk pregnancy. The screening must be frequent and regular, with constant growing curve all time along. A sudden fall down of the rate shows a severe malaise of the phoetus and proper therapy is badly needed. Extemporary screenings dont supply any sufficient knowledge.


[Determination of CPK isoenzymes by column chromatography (author's transl)]. The AA. have carried out in patients affected by proved myocardial infarct, by other cardiac diseases and by muscular dystrophy  the following enzymes determinations: total CPK, total LDH, SGOT, SGPT, HBDH, CPK isoenzymes by column chromatography (Mercer's method) and LDH isoenzymes either by column chromatography (Mercer's method) and by electrophoretic separation. Some results concerning the appearance of the CK-MB isoenzymes during the acute period of the myocardial infarction are described.


Mass-spectrographic evidence of the conversion of p-chloroamphetamine to 3,4-dimethoxyamphetamine. Intraventricularly injected p-chloroamphetamine (p-CA) was actively metabolized to 3,4-dimethoxyamphetamine (3,4-DMA) in the rat brain. Time-course experiments with intraperitoneally injected p-CA confirmed that the presence of cerebral 3,4-DMA was not due to its "one-pass" entry from the peripheral organs. The identity of 3,4-DMA from brain tissue and urine was established by comparison to authentic 3,4-DMA. The synthetic and biological samples were isographic in all analytical systems. 3,4-DMA from biological samples was verified by mass spectrography.


Scanning electron microscopy of four teleostean retinas. The morphology of the retinas of the goldeye Hiodon alosoides (fam. Hiodontidae), the brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (fam. Salmonidae), the yellow perch Perca flavescens and the walleye Stizostedion vitreum (fam. Percidae) was studied by SEM. Semi-thin plastic sections of the same retinas were also examined for comparison. Contrary to observation of earlier authors the goldeye retina was found to possess both rods and cones; in the case of the other three fishes' retinas, present observations correspond to previous ones, adding only details. SEM gives an impressive, three dimensil view of the gross surface features of the retinas. Shrinkage during the processing of the specimens for SEM, while not altering the general topography, does induce artifacts in both plexiform layers.


[Absorption of D(+)glucose by the intestine of the eledone (Eledone moschata Lamarch): effect of phloridzoside]. "The in vivo intestinal absorption of D(+)glucose by Eledone (Eledone moschata Lamarck), a cephalopod mollusc, is decreased by 2.10(-4)M phlorizin and increased by 2.10(-2)M phlorizin. It is noted that phlorizin is dissolved in the glucose solution before its introduction into the intestinal tube. The first result is similar to that known in vertebrates; the second differs."


The pathology and pathogenesis of Trypanosoma vivax infection in the goat. Acute and chronic forms of disease can be distinguished in Trypanosoma vivax infection in the goat. The main difference between the acute and chronic form seems to be the presence of microthrombi in the acute stage of infection; these consist of platelets, trypanosomes, monocytoid cells and some fibrin. This thrombus formation seems directly related to the high parasitaemia in acute trypanosomiasis and may result in ischaemia which could also explain the haemorrhages, the oedema of the lungs and other tissues, and the necrotic changes found in several organs. The anaemia, associated with erythrophagocytosis, haemosiderosis, extramedullary haemopoiesis and hyperactivity of the bone marrow, seemed to be of haemolytic origin. The factors leading to emaciation seemed to be degenerative atrophy of muscular tissue and loss of protein in the urine caused by a possible immune complex glomerulonephritis.


Seasonal changes in the coat of the cat. The coats of four cats were studied for 20 months through one winter and one summer in Australia. It was found that the outer coat and undercoat length varied from 25 mm and 12 mm in summer to 30 mm and 15 mm in winter. Follicle activity was at a maximum about February (late summer) and at a minimum in August (late winter). The peak of winter inactivity was narrow, and fell short of 100 per cent. During summer never more than 70 per cent of the outer coat hairs, and 50 per cent of the undercoat were active, indicating that despite a basic seasonal cycle, hair replacement is relatively gradual.


Babesia major in Britain: cross-immunity trials with Babesia divergens in splenectomised calves. Splenectomised calves infected with Babesia major were shown to have no resistance to challenge with Babesia divergens; however, initial infection with B divergens provided a good protection against subsequent challenge with B major. It is suggested that this might mean that B divergens would be the dominant and most commonly encountered species in areas where both occur.


The effects of haemorrhagic anaemia and physical training on the energy metabolism and heart rate response to exercise in sheep. The energy metabolism and heart rate response to exercise were studied in haemorrhagically anaemic sheep. Anaemia did not affect the efficiency of food utilisation, but might reduce appetite. Anaemic sheep were at no particular circulatory disadvantage under the stress of physical exertion up to the levels imposed in this experiment (3-2km/h, 8 degrees -12 degrees gradient), but they appeared to undergo some circulatory adaptation, probably an increased stroke-volume.


The effect of corticosteroids on the cysticerci of Taenia ovis in sheep. The effect of two synthetic corticosteroids on the cysticerci of Taenia ovis in sheep has been investigated. Dexamethasone given from four days before infection had no effect on the number of cysticerci recovered but did enhance their survival. When betamethasone was used there was an increase in the number of cysts compared with controls. Corticosteroids given for 12 days after infection did not increase the number of viable cysticerci recovered at autopsy three months later but when treatment was continued until the time of autopsy, a very high proportion of cysticerci were viable.


Amount of western equine encephalitis virus inoculated by transmitting Culex tarsalis mosquitoes. The amount of western equine encephalitis virus inoculated by infected Culex tarsalis mosquitoes is highly variable between individual mosquitoes. The majority (68 per cent) inoculate less than 100 intracerebral three-week-old mouse LD50 at time of feeding and the quanity appears unrelated to temperature or length of incubation following initial infection.


The experimental infection of calves with a British leptospire of the Pomona serogroup. Two calves were infected with a British leptospire of the Pomona serogroup. Both showed symptoms of anorexia and fever and one had marked haemoglobinurea and leptospiruria. The serum antibody titres rose rapidly in both calves.


Effects of vasectomy on fructose levels in the ejaculate of rams. Fructose concentration was studied in the ejaculates of 20 intact and 19 vasectomised rams over a two year period. In intact rams the concentration ranged from 222-740 mg/100 ml of seminal plasma during the breeding season (October to December), with lower values (0-300 mg/100) during the rest of the year. In vasectomised rams the seasonal pattern was less marked with very high values (800-1260 mg/100 ml) as well as low values (0-20 mg/100 ml) being encountered during both the breeding and non-breeding seasons, indicating changes in accessory gland function.


Primary hyperparathyroidism: diagnostic value of a model of multivariate statistical analysis. In examining a group of 90 hypercalcaemic patients (37 with primary hyperparathyroidism), a comparison was made of the diagnostic reliability of: 1) tests commonly used for diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism; 2) radioimmunoassay of plasma parathormone; 3) a recently introduced model of multivariate statistical analysis. The results indicate that, at present, the model of multivariate statistical analysis used is of higher diagnostic reliability in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism than renal phosphate excretion tests and the radioimmunoassay of PTH itself.


The e antigen and antibody in the serum of patients with HBsAg-positive liver disease and in asymptomatic carriers. Serum samples from 103 HBsAg positive and 69 negative patients were examined in Ouchterlony double diffusion in agarose for the presence of e antigen and anti-e antibody. e antigen was found in 66% of the cases of active chronic hepatitis, 18% of those of active cirrhosis, and 12% of those of acute hepatitis. Anti-e antibody was found only in asymptomatic chronic carriers; it occurred in 56% of HBsAg-positive individuals with normal livers at biopsy. No e reactivity was found in 6 subjects with inactive disease and in 3 with chronic persistent hepatitis. The e system seems a valuable diagnostic tool utilizing the presence of the antigen to differentiate patients with chronic progressive disease from healthy carriers who, in contrast, often have circulating anti-e antibodies; its clinical value, however, is at present limited  by the low sensitivity of the technique used for antigen detection. A significant association between e antigen and the intrahepatic expression of the core determinant of the HB virus was observed inthis study, suggesting they have a similar role in pathogenicity and infectivity; the association between anti-e antibody and HBsAg appeared uncertain, HBsAg being present in the liver irrespective of e reactivity.


De Lange syndrome. Clinical, dermatoglyphic and chromosomal findings in nine cases. Nine cases of the de Lange syndrome are reviewed. Our findings show that the facial characteristics in the present series and in previously reported cases are remarkably similar. Dermatoglyphically, we have documented an increased incidence of tibial loops on the hallucal area and increased incidence of single flexion creases of the digits from this study series. Our study also supports the previous authors who have recorded an increased incidence in radial loops on the second and third digits and increased incidence of simian lines. We have not been able to document a consistent chromosomal defect.


The problem of infections in acute leukemias. Personal experience in diagnosis and treatment. This report is based on experience over the last 5 years in the diagnosis and treatment of infections in 200 acute leukemic patients hospitalized in the Institute of Haematology, University of Rome. The relevant clinical and laboratory findings are discussed in relation to the diagnosis of secondary infections. Most of the febrile episodes were associated with infection. The frequently rapid development of the infections in these patients requires empirical antibiotic treatment. The best results were obtained when the combinations carbenicillin-cephalothin-gentamicin (success rate of 65%), and carbenicillin-cephalothin-gentamicin-lyncomycin-methicillin (success rate of 62%), were used as empirical therapy.


Review of prevalence and distribution of schistosomiasis in Japan. There has been a temporary increase in schistosomiasis japonica after World War II in each of the known endemic areas, but a national control programme, including use of molluscicides, lining irrigation ditches through rice paddies with concrete and the reclamation of swampy areas by drainage and filling, begun around 1950, drastically reduced the prevalence and distribution of the disease. It can be said that these measures together with improvements in agricultural techniques, mechanization of farming and also socioeconomic factors such as improvements in the living standards of the inhabitants and urbanization have brought about a rapid decrease in schistosomiasis in Japan.


A clinico-pathologic study of cases with Schistosoma japonicum infection in Indonesia. Combined clinico-pathological and laboratory examinations were carried out on 52 S. japonicum infected patients from an endemic area in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. All of these patients exhibited signs and symptoms of chronic hepato-splenic schistosomiasis. None of the patients showed evidence of liver cirrhosis on histopathological examination. However, varying degrees of portal fibrosis were exhibited. The correlation between the degree of fibrosis and the clinical and laboratory findings were presented and discussed. Based on the results, liver biopsy proved to be a vaulable method of diagnosis in this particular type of infection. This study provides new information on S. japonicum infection in the area and may support a more solid basis for treatment.


Ambilhar in the treatment of Schistosoma japonicum infection and as an egg suppressant for mass treatment. Ambilhar or niridazole at a dose of 25 mg per kg body weight for 7 days was found ineffective against Sl japonicum infection. Longer period of treatment for 10 to 14 days gave impressive stool negative conversion and egg reduction rates but with moderately severe reactions, the most alarming of which was hallucination. To minimize toxicity, the daily dose was reduced but given for a longer duration so that the total amount of the drug given per kilogram body weight was approximately the same as the 25 mg pre kg per day for 10 to 14 days. Of the two treatment schedules tried, the 15 mg per kg per day for 24 days was found relatively effective. Although the drug with this treatment regimen was well tolerated, a drop-out of 50.8% was observed. Ambilhar was therefore tried as an egg suppressant. With a 10-day treatment, all patients were again positive after 6 months. Egg reduction rates during the 6 months stool follow-up ranged from 69.8 to 93.5%. Further trials using this dose to be repeated every 3 to 6 months is contemplated.


Pseudomonas putrefaciens from clinical material. Three strains of Pseudomonas putrefaciens were isolated from routine clinical specimens at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Their cultural and biochemical characteristic, and antibiotic susceptibilities are presented. Characteristics of diagnostic value were stressed. Two isolates appeared to have played a pathogenic role in chronic otitis media.


A study of the microfilarial periodicity at Bireuen, the type locality of Brugia malayi. A field study was conducted in August 1974 at Bireuen, Indonesia, at the type locality of Brugia malayi from where the parasite was first described by Lichtenstein (1927) and Brug (1927), in order to determine the pattern of the microfilarial periodicity. From the results, it has been demonstrated that both the microfilariae of B. malayi as well as those of W. bancrofti in man from Bireuen area are the nocturnally periodic form. The microfilaria rates observed in the present survey were  much lower than those recorded by Lichtenstein (1927) some 50 years ago in the same areas.


Physiological response to parasitism. I. Changes in carbohydrate reserves of the molluscan host. A comparison of tissue carbohydrate levels is made between larval trematode infected and uninfected snails under three physiological conditions, i.e., unstarved, starved and ré-fed. Under all these conditions, infected snails were found to be hyperglycaemic compared to uninfected snails. Contrasting behaviour of the digestive gland and the foot under these conditions, suggests that some inherent mechanism in the foot is activated which enables it to take up an additional role of seplenishing carbohydrate lost to the pararites.


Absence of plague in certain mammals from Java and Kalimantan (Borneo). Antibodies against plague were lacking in 237 wild mammal sera from Java and 103 from Kalimantan. Wild mammal spleens, 114 from Java and 18 from Kalimantan were negative for plague bacilli. A variety of mammalian species and areas was examined.


Abnormal haemoglobins and hereditary ovalocytosis in the Ulu Jempul District of Kuala Pilah, West Malaysia. A survey of abnormal haemoglobins and hereditary ovalocytosis was carried out among 629 Malays of Minangkabau descent in the Ulu Jempul District of Kuala Pilah, in the state of Negri Sembilan in West Malaysia.. Several abnormal haemoglobins were found with the following frequencies: Hb E 5.25%, Hb CoSp 2.38%, Hb A2 indonesia 0.80%, a fast moving Hb with a Mobility between A and Bart's 0.64% and Hb Q 0.16%. Hereditary ovalocytosis was found in 13.2% of these people. None of the persons with hereditary ovalocytosis had any evidence of haemolysis.


Trace elements in air, water and food in the Philippines. A study was conducted to determine the levels of trace metals like lead, mercury, chromium and cadmium in air, water and foods by colorimetric means. It was observed that their levels are within normal limit with minor exceptions which was mentioned already.


Official statistics and blindness in Hong Kong. WHO designated 1976 as the year for the prevention of blindness and attention is drawn to the prevalence rate and causes of blindness in Hong Kong. The former as released by WHO is as high as 1392 per 100,000 and the latter tends to suggest Vitamin A deficiency is still an important cause here. This article reviews all the official statistics on blindness published in Hong Kong over the past twenty years and seeks to suggest an appropriate prevalence rate for Hong Kong and demonstrate the changing pattern of causes of blindness in Hong Kong. It concludes that Hong Kong should adopt a statistical definition and classification of blindness accepted internationally and suggests that in the presentation of statistics, the misleading factor of present inclusion of past events should be avoided.


Gnathostoma spinigerum Owen, 1836 (Nematoda: Gnathostomidae) from a civet cat, Prionodon linsang Hardwick, with reference to its dietary habits. The recovery of six adult Gnathostoma spinigerum Owen, 1936 from a civet cat, Prionodon linsang Hardwick, constitutes the second reported record of this parasite and the first authenticated case of adult worms found in a wild animal from Malaysia. The food habits of the infected P. linsang as an important link in the transmission of G. spinigerum in the intermediate and definitive hosts together with the probable distribution of this parasite are discussed.


Parapleurogonius brevicecum gen. et sp. n. (Trematoda: Pronocephalidae) from a freshwater turtle in peninsular Malaysia. Parapleurogonius brevicecum gen. et sp. n. is described from the freshwater turtle, Kachuga trivittata, in Selangor, Malaysia. Parapleurogonius is most closely related to Pleurogonius Looss, 1901, but from which it can be distinguished by the termination of the ceca at or just overlapping the anterior border of the testes and the pretesticular position of the excretory pore. Additionally, Parapleurogonius is described from a freshwater turtle, whereas Pleurogonius is only known from marine hosts.


Biology of the snail-killing fly, Sepedon spangleri Beaver (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). II. Ability of the larvae to kill snails of medical importance in Thailand. S. spangleri larvae preferred five species of non-operculate snails; Gyraulus convexiusculus Hutton, Segmentina hemisphaerula Benson, Hippeutis umbilicalis Benson, Indoplanorbis exustus Larambergue, and Trochobis trochoideus Benson. They occasionally consumed the operculate snails: Melanoides tuberculata Muller, Lithoglyphopsis aperta, Hubendickia siamensis Brandt, Lacunopis munensis Brandt, Tarebia granifera, Lamarch and Viviparus sp. but were innocuous to Bithynia laevis Lea.


A case of human infection with Newcastle disease virus. A case of Newcastle disease virus infection in a female laboratory technician is reported for the first time in Malaysia. Infection was acquired by droplet infection of the eye while grinding infected chicken in the laboratory. The case was confirmed by isolation of Newcastle disease virus from an eye swab taken from the subject on the first day of clinical signs. A four-fold rise of haemagglutination-inhibition titre was shown when sera on the third day of infection and 15 days later were compared.


Observation on biting midge infestations on Mamburao Beach, Mimdoro, Philippines. The occurrence of biting midge infestation involving the species Leptoconops (Styloconops) spinosifrons Carter 1921 (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) is reported from a beach resort in Mindoro Island, Philippines. The flies are most active between 0700 and 0900 hours, and again, between 1600 and 1800 hours; they are most abundant in the shoreline and sand beach area.


[Acquisition and study of callus tissue during cultivation of mazzard and strawberry anthers]. Anters of 7 varieties of Cerasus avium (2n=16) and Fragaria grandiflora (2n==56) were cultured on Murashige-Skoog's medium. Formation of the callus tissue was observed for only one variety of sweat cherry with a frequency of 3.1-20.6%. The number of haploid cells in first transfers varied from 22 to 44% in different strains. There were two rises of mitotic activity in the callus cells. Subsequent transfers caused an increase in haploid cells. Chromosome aberrations frequency was comparatively low. No cases of induced organogenesis on any modifications of the nutrient media were found.


[Electron microscopic study of the nuclear membrane of SPEV cells during mitosis. II. Reconstruction of the nuclear membrane (anaphase and telophase)]. Reformation of the nuclear envelope of the PKLV cells starts in the early anaphase when numerous contacts between membranous elements and chromosomes become visible. The nuclear envelope reforms, first, on the periphery of chromosomes and in chromosome's centromeric regions, and later - in the telomeric regions. The latest reconstruction of nuclear envelope occurs in spaces where microtubules come up close to the "nuclei", The appearance of normal pore complexes in the late telophase is preceded by the appearance, in the early and middle telophase, of pores with unusual structure.


[Splitting of phase G1 of the mitotic cycle of guinea pig large intestine crypt cells]. Changes in shape of the second wave of the labeled mitoses curve previously observed by Rowinski and Sawicki (1972) for three crypt zones of three different parts of guinea-pig ascending colon are explained by the complicated branching structure of the G1-phase. This structure is assumed to be the same for different crypt zones and for different sections of the intestine. Changes in shape of the second wave of the labeled mitoses curve are explained by the changes in distribution of proliferating cell stream between the alternative directions at the points of branching of the G1-phase, depending on the crypt zone, the intestine section, the cell state, and on the state of intestine.


[Cytochemical features of cortical neurons during the recovery period following early visual deprivation]. It was shown interferometrically that 10 days after the removal of rabbits, that had been exposed to early (from the virth till 2.5 month of life) visual deprivation, to the ordinary light conditions, a reliable increase in the neuron size could be noted in addition to the reliably increased protein content in the cytoplasm of the visual cortex neurons. Degrees of the above changes in neurons of laminae III, IV and V are not similar, no complete normalization occurring in any lamina. A question of the reversibility of changes caused by early visual deprivation and of the compensatory capacities of neuron in particular lamina is discussed.


[Circadian rhythm of cell division and mitosis duration in the root meristem of the common pea under normal conditions and under the influence of thyroxine]. Daily rhythms of the mitotic activity (MA) and mitosis duration were studied in meristem of the Pisum sativum L. primary roots. It is determined that MA increases in the day time. The daily rhythm of mitosis duration is absent. The germination of Pisum sativum seeds in solution with 1-thyroxine revealed that thyroxine increases average diurnal MA and results in formation of two-phases rhythm of mitosis number. The additional (night) increase of MA is connected with prolongation of mitosis.


[Study of the alcohol-soluble protein of corn by electrophoresis in PAAG]. An electrophoretic study of zein in 115 lines of common maize resulted in detecting 7 types of spectra. The analysis of opaque-2 sources showed that they differ between each other in the number and component composition, similar to the norm. The study of isogenic lines revealed that in different genotypes the gene opaque-2 behaves unsynonymously: it either does not influence the component composition of zein or changes it qualitatively.


N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with cancer of the larynx. In 20 men, age 35 to 55 years, with cancer of the larynx of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined cytochemically according to Hayashi's method. Numbers of enzyme-positive cells were counted with regard to the type of cytochemical reaction (granular, granular-diffuse, or diffuse), and to the number of enzyme-positive lysosomal granules within a single cell. In comparison to 20 healthy men, age 20 to 30 years, the following changes were noted in the patients: 1) the decrease of the total count of enzyme-negative lymphocytes; 2) the decrease of the total count of lymphocytes with granular type of reaction; 3) the increase of the counts of lymphocytes with granular-diffuse and diffuse type of reaction. The authors suggest that these changes could be related to the immune reaction of specific tumor antigens.


Short-term results of combined radioimmunotherapy in inoperable lung cancer. Fifty-three inoperable lung cancer patients were treated with radiotherapy combined with immunostimulation with BCG. A good response was obtained in 30 patients (56%); the results were not significantly different than those obtained with a control group of 50 lung cancer patients matched by age, sex and stage of the disease (24 out of 50 equals 46%). These short-term results were compared with the immunologic "status" of patients evaluated before treatment by the parameters monitoring in vivo and in vitro delayed type hypersensitivity. The good response to therapy was documented in a higher percentage of patients with positive skin tests to recall and standard antigens and with normal values of lymphocyte transformation with PHA and Rosette E-forming cells, in comparison with patients with low levels of immunocompetence. An impairment of the cell-mediated immune response was found after combined therapy, presumably due to radiotherapy. BCG was not able to restore the patient's immunocompetence, no effect on host's immune reactivity was demonstrated. As regards humoral immunity, the patients with low levels of IgG before treatment (12/14) showed a good response.


Activity and intracellular localization of lysosomal acid phosphatase in lymphocytes from patients with Hodgkin's disease, plasma cell myeloma and primary polycythemia. Using the cytochemical method after Barka and Anderson, activity and localization of lysosomal acid phosphatase (AP) was determined in peripheral-blood lymphocytes from 20 healthy subjects, 10 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD), 10 patients with plasma cell myeloma (PCM), and 10 patients with primary polycythemia (PP). Total count of AP-positive lymphocytes was lowest in the patients with HD. Moreover, they showed a significant decrease of the absolute count of lymphocytes with well formed and more numerous AP-positive lysosomal granules. Analogous alterations in lymphocytes from patients with PCM and those with PP were much less significant. The authors discuss the importance of the above-mentioned observations for evaluation on a cellular basis of lowered immunity of patients with lympho-proliferative and myelo-proliferative disorders, with special regard to AP as a T-cell marker.


[Origin of the staphylococci in slaughtered poultry]. Studied were 382 coagulase-positive and 290 coagullase-negative Staphylococcus strains isolated from birds during their post-slaughter handling, from the vats for water cooling as well as from the women working on the slaughter-house conveyor. Studied were the phage behaviour, fibrinolysine production, the crystal-violet test and the type of hemolysines. It was established that the coagulase positive staphylococci were lysed slightly by the human and the bovine set of phages. The main sources of staphylococci of both human and bovine origin appeared to be the nasal cavity and the hands of workers. Evisceration proved to contribute to the tenfold higher count of staphylococci in the slaughtered birds. Most of the investigated strains of Staphilococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis differed from the human and the bovine type and were probably staphylococci of avian origin.


[Resistance of the causative agents of European foulbrood to oxidative disinfecting agents]. Test materials and naturally infected materials from beehives were used to check the resistance of the European foulbrood causative agents to the disinfection agents vofasteril, performic acid, and iosan and iosan-CCT. It was that Bac. alvei spores are destroyed by 1.5 per cent solution of vofasteril for less than an hour's time and by 1.62 per cent solution of performic acid and 4 per cent iosan--for 4 hours. Bac. paraalvei are still more sensitive: they are destroyed by performic acid and iosan for 1--2 hours.. Sodium dodecylsulfate at the rate of 1 per cent, added to solutions of vofasteril and performic acid, speed up the disinfection action up to four times.


[Study of the effect of some of the vaccination plans applied in Bulgaria against Newcastle disease]. Comparative studies were carried out on the effect of the vaccination of broilers against Newcastle disease with La Sota strain through the single application in the drinking water on the 21st day and the newly introduced vaccination at the age of four days, using the spray method, as well as the combined method--spray vaccination on the fourth day and giving the vaccine twice on the 21st day. It was found that the last method confers better immunity and higher immunity against the disease as compared to offering the vaccine only once on the 21st day.


[Cultivation and study of the properties of the Perego strain of the sheep poxvirus on heterologous tissue]. Strain Perego of the sheep pox virus, after 11 passages in lamb testis cultures, was successfully adapted and cultivated in 10 successive passages in a heterologous tissue--secondary cultures of newborn calf kidney. The infected cultures produced a cytopathic effect similar to that observed in a homologous culture, the difference being that part of the degenerated cells came off from the wall of the flask. At the level of its 10th passage the virus exhibited a titer of 10(3)CPE50. The virus was tested for harmlessness on sheep through a subcutaneous inoculation at a dose of 1 cm3 of a 1:10 dilution, and its testing for activity (1:100 dilution) caused an easily tolerated local reaction with a slight rise in the body temperature, the general status of the test animals remaining unaffected.


[Experimental Q-rickettsiosis in lambs]. The clinical course, serologic response, and morphologic changes were followed up in month-old lambs infected nasally and via the trachea with Rickettsia burneti at the rate of 10,000 ID50/cm3. Rickettsiae were found in the parenchymal organs, the blood clot, the nasal cavity, the trachea, and the feces of the animals killed on the 7th and 21st day of infection. Complement-fixing antibodies were established in the infected lambs with the use of the complement-fixation test from the 5-6th up to the 160th day (period of testing), the highest value of the titer (1:160) being observed on the 32nd day. Demonstrated were changes in the vessels, and degeneration was found in the liver, kidneys, and other viscera along with proliferative changes in the spleen. Guinea pigs and albino mice were successfully made use of to isolate Rickettsia burneti from the infected parenchymal organs, feces, and others of affected lambs.


[Dermatophyte and Candida genus fungal carrier state in piglets]. Studied were a total of 1200 pigs aged 1, 2, and 3 months, showing no clinical symptoms of skin or hair diseases. It was demonstrated that Candida carriers accounted for 2.6 per cent among the animals raised under primitive pigsty conditions, and for 2.5 per cent of those raised under industrial conditions. First of the isolated fungi of this genus ranked Candida krusei, followed by C. tropicalis and C. guilliermondi. Of the kerationophil fungi K. ajelloi was demonstrated in 0.19 per cent of the pigs kept under both primitive and industrial conditions of raising. In those that were raised in primitive pig-house conditions M. gypseum, M. cookei, and T. terrestre were also found.


[Correlation between the organoleptic evaluation and the laboratory analysis of white brined cheese]. Satisfactory correlation was found to exist between the organoleptic evaluation and the chemical analysis of ewe's and cow's white brine cheese on the basis of the taste assessment for "normal acidity", while with the remaining degrees of acidity--"slightly acid", and "strongly acid"--no such correlation was established. The organoleptic and chemical analysis on the basis of "saltiness" degrees of the white brine types of cheese proved to correlate comparatively well. It is up to the expert to decide whether the organoleptic evaluation will be sufficient in a given case.


[Experiments to obtain and test vaccines against enzootic pneumonia in swine]. Five-day-old PPLO broth cultures of two Mycoplasma hyorhinis strains were used  to obtain an inactivated vaccine consisting of 75 parts culture, 25 parts aluminum hydroxyde and 0.1 per cent formalin, and a live vaccine of 75 parts culture and 25 parts aluminum hydroxyde. The inactivated vaccine was tested on a total of 320 pregnant pigs and the live one--on 3,150 pigs, aged two-three months on a farm with a record of M. hyorhinis infection resulting in an enzootic pneumonia. In those of the pigs that were born by the vaccinated sows and were later on vaccinated themselves the percent of enzootic penumonia morbidity was reduced to 50.


[Pathohistological changes in guinea pigs experimentally infected with Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 9]. A total of forty-five guinea pigs were injected subcutaneously with 0.1 cu cm carboneum tetracholoratum each and were infected with Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 9. Part of the animals (31) were treated at the 24th hour following infection with omnopon (a morphine preparation). All infected guinea pigs developed an infectious process manifested by dystrophic and inflammatory changes in the liver, intestine, spleen, lymph nodes and lungs. Those treated with omnopon manifested a more acute infectious process. After the 13--20th day of infection the lesions became more weakly expressed. On the 50th day the inflammatory reaction was observed in the lymph nodes and spleen only. The mortality rate in both groups was about 50 per cent.


[Study of an immunization plan for broilers via the spray method against Newcastle disease using vaccines from the Bl and La Sota strains]. Studied was the immunization pattern against Newcastle disease in birds with the use of a spray method on broilers obtained congenitally from their mothers, having antihemagglutinins. All birds on one of the premises ( a total of 14, 000) were vaccinated when 5 days old with a liquid vaccine of strain B1 (one fourth dose per bird) using the Dutch pulverizing apparatus Flox-10 -- group I. Other 14,000 birds of another of the premises of the same batch were treated at the same age with the same dose via the same route of application of a liquid vaccine of the La Sota strain --group II. All birds of the two groups were revaccinated in the same way at the age of 25 days with a vaccine of the La Sota strain at the rate of a whole dose per bird. The birds were kept under equal conditons of feeding and management. It was found that they built immunity which protected them fully from Newcastle disease up to the end of the fattening period (2 months). This was demonstrated by the test for establishing resistance to a control infection with a highly virulent strain of the Newcastle disease virus (challenge) as well as serologically by the hemagglutination inhibition reaction. At the slaughter by the end of the fattening period all period all birds of the two groups sshowed almost equal average body weight, however, those of group I manifested 0.97 per cent lower mortality rate and lower forage intake per kg weight (by 23 g on an average).


[Conformational changes in the membranes of antigenically stimulated macrophages]. The conformation changes taking place in the membrane of antigen-stimulated macrophages were followed up by means of serologic methods and agglutination with concavalin A. It was found that: 1. Following antigen stimulation the receptors, located in the cell membrane, are saturated with a lower amount of concavalin A than the receptors of unstimulated macrophages. 2. Antigen stimulation enhances the agglutinogenic capacity of macrophages. The conformation changes observed are discussed in brief.


[Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzymatic activity in the blood serum and in the meat of pigs with bronchopenumonia]. Studied was the activity of lactodehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzymes in pigs suffering from bronchopneumonia and its relation to the water absorption capacity of the meat obtained from them. The total activity of LDH is expressed in International Units (IU), it being converted into 1000.0 mg total protein in the case of meat. It has been found that in diseased pigs the activity of the serum DH rises up to 1380.45 IU from the normal level of 691.25 IU. The activity of this enzyme in musculus longissimus dorsi in diseased animals has proved to be more than twice as higher (256.35 IU) than that in the control group pigs (117.87 IU). Considerable rise in the activity of the LDH isoenzymes is found in the meat and blood serum samples from the affected pigs. Lower values of the water absorption capacity (23.73 per cent) of m. longissimus dorsi have been established in the diseased pigs as compared to the normalones (28.88 per cent) The results obtained show that the changes in the activity of LDH and its isoenzymes in the blood serum and musculature are characteristic of pigs affected with bronchopneumonia. These changes are valuable both for diagnostic purpose and for the evaluation of meat obtained from such animals.


[Changes in the activity of serum enzymes, total protein and electrolytes in experimental babeiasis in sheep]. Investigations were carried out on the serum enzymes, total proteins and some electrolites (potassium and sodium) in eight spleenectomized sheep experimentally infected with Babesia organisms. It was found that babesiasis in sheep was accompanied by a considerable rise in the activity of GOT and GPT (from 80JU up to 260IU and from 4 IU up to 19 IU). The amount of inorganic phosphorus dropped, and that of potassium sodium and alkaline phosphatase showed no changes. It is believed that the changes in the activity of GOT, GPT and inorganic phosphorus depend on the gravity and the duration of the disease and can be used as a criterion in determining the pathologic process.


[Intensity of incorporation of 2-C14-acetate into the cerebrosides and gangliosides of the brain and spinal cord of rabbits in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis]. In rabbits the acute form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was caused by inoculation of emulsion of homologous myelin from spinal cord with Freund's adjuvant. In terminal paralytic period of the disease the animals were subcutaneously administered with 2-14C-acetate and a dose 50 micronCi per 100 g of body weight 2 hrs before death. From lumbar and stem sections of the central nervous system purified fractions of cerebrosides and gangliosides were isolated and their specific radioactivity was determined. The intensity of the cerebrosides synthesis was found to be distinctly decreased not only in the more impaired lumbar region but also in the stem section of the central nervous system, where the centers of demyelinization were not observed. The intensity of the gangliosides synthesis was also markedly decreased, in spite of that their content was not altered in the central nervous system under experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.


[Chugaev's reaction for sterols].

[Chugaev's reaction for sterols]. Spectrophotometric patterns of Chugaev's reaction products of forty sterol compounds were studied. The reaction was shown to be used for identification and the quantitative determination of some sterols.


[Characteristics of infrared spectra of adenylic nucleotides]. Spectral patterns of ATP, ADP and AMP in the infrared region are described. The presence of absorption zones typical for the monophosphate was found in 580 cm-1, 650 cm-1, 680 cm-1 and a double zone at 720--730 cm-1. This enabled to identify the substnace in the mixture with other nucleotides with an error about 10%. Effect of binding of phosphate groups on the position of the absorption zones of NH+4 and OH- at 3000--3600 cm-1 and occurence of the typical for P--O--P absorption zone at 910 cm-1 were established.


[Effect of adaptation to cold and moderate cooling on respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in the muscle mitochondria of albino rats]. In rats, exposed to cooling at 2 degrees within 2 hrs, total gas exchange and the respiratory activity of sceletal muscles mitochondria were studied. The adapted rats, which were kept at 5-7 degrees within 13-17 days, were compared with unadapted animals (kept at 18 degrees). In the group of adapted rats cooling caused the increase in the total O2 utilization by 105% with increased free oxidation in mitochondria and the distinct decrease in P/O ratio. Cooling of unadapted rats was accompanied by the increase in O2 utilization by 85% without any marked alteration in P/O ratio in sceletal muscles mitochondria. The body temperature was not altered.


[Mechanism of decrease in noradrenaline content in the myocardium under the effect of various industrial poisons]. Alteration in content of catecholamines, DOPA and the monoaminooxidase activity (MAO) were observed in rat myocardium under prolonged administration of cobalt (5 mg of the metal per 1 kg of body weight). A correlation was observed between the decrease in noradrenaline content and the MAO activation. In myocardium content of noradrenaline was approximately constant in simultaneous administration of an MAO inhibitor nyalamide (20 mg/kg of body weight) and cobalt within 10 days. In heart muscle the adrenaline concentration did not depend on the MAO activity; content of the amine was increased when the content of noradrenaline decreased and the MAO activity increased.


[Characteristics of lipid composition of erythroid and myeloid cells of the bone marrow of rabbits]. Lipid composition of erythroid and myeloid cells of rabbit bone marrow was studied by thin layer chromatography. The myelocaryocytes contained phospholipids, free and esterified cholesterol, free fatty acids and triglycerides. The main components of the total lipid fraction were phospholipids and triglycerides. The ratio of phospholipids was lower and content of triglycerides and cholesterol esters was higher in myeloid cells, as compared with erythroid cells. Also myeloid components of bone marrow contained 1.8-fold more lipids per one cell than the erythroid cells.


[Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymatic activity in different parts of the brain and in the blood serum of rats from different lines during a convulsive seizure caused by the action of a sound stimulus]. Total lactate dehydrogenase activity and relative activities of LDH-1 and LDH-2 isozymes were found to be distinctly elevated in the cortex of cerebral hemispheres (locomotory region) and in medulla oblongata of audiogenic rats KM strain. The increase in the total LDH activity was also observed in blood serum of rats KM strain. The increase in the total LDH activity and in LDH-4 and LDH-5 activities in the brain regions studied was shown in epileptoid convulsions of audiogenic origin. These alterations demonstrated the compensatory activation of glycolysis in the brain tissue.


[Action of thermal injury on the half-life time and turnover of cytoplasmic RNA in the intact tissues of rats]. In liver tissue, kidney, spleen and sceletal muscle of intact rats and animals, subjected to thermic burns of skin of the IIIa-IIIb degree, half-life and turnover of ribosomal and transport RNA were studied. In control animals half-life of ribosomal RNA was 5.1 days in liver tissue, 6.5 days in kidney, 6.7 days in spleen and 12.4 days in sceletal muscle. The same pattern for transport RNA was equal to 5.8, 4.7, 6.7, and 5.9 days, respectively. The burning trauma caused the alteration in turnover of cytoplasmic RNA; the direction and the intensity of the turnover had an organospecifics type and depended upon the period of the burning impairment.


[Effect of antithrombin III on anticoagulating system function in animals intravenously injected with tissue thromboplastin]. In experiments with rats, antithrombin III (a natural inhibitor of fibrinolysis) was shown to decrease the activation of the anticoagulation system either in prophylactic administration or during the development of thrombogenesis, caused by intravenous administration of tissue thromboplastin. The phenomenon led to the maintaining of the more high content of fibrinogen in blood of experimental animals, to the shortening of the  thrombin time and to the increase in content of alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha1-antitrypsin (in-hibitors of fibrinolysis) as compard with control animals, administered with the only thrombolastin. Effect of antithrombin III depended on periods of administration of the prearation and on injection of tissue thromboplastin.


[Study of homocarnosine metabolism in the brain tissue in diseases of the nervous system]. An increase in content of homocarnosine was observed in brain tissue of animals under experimental trauma of cranium. In tissue of glial tumors of human brain low content of homocarnosine was found as compared with the level of the substance in brain tissue. The data obtained suggest that homocarnosine was the substance, associated with the functional activity of a nervous cell.


[Activity and isoenzymatic makeup of the hexokinase of rapid and slow muscles in the rabbit normally and the experimental allergic polyneuritis]. An activity and isozyme spectrum of hexokinase were studied in rapid (gastrocnemius) and slow (soleus) muscles of rabbit in normal state and in experimental allergic polyneuritis, caused by administration of myelin from peripheric nerves mixed with Freund's stimulator. In normal organism the hexokinase activity was shown to be several times higher in soleus muscle than in gastrocnemius one. In these muscles the isozyme spectrum of the enzyme was markedly differentiated. In gastrocnemius muscle of rabbits with experimental allergic polyneuritis the hexokinase activity was distinctly increased due to increase in amount of the II type of the enzyme; in soleus muscle the decrease in the total activity of the enzyme depended upon the decrease in amount ofhexokinase II.


[3-O-methl-D-glucose transport system in the cells of Acholeplasma laidlawii]. In cells of Acholeplasma laidlawii a constitutive system of transport of glucose derivate 3-O-methyl-D-glucose was found. This derivate penetrated into cells, without modification and accumulated in free state. The transport system was of enzymatic nature and exhibited sharp substrate specificity. The transport of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose was an active process and occurred against the concentrated gradient.


[Localization of in vivo administered peroxidase in the cells of Ehrlich carcinoma]. Distribution of peroxidase was studied in structures and soluble fractions of cytoplasma and nuclei of washed cells of Erhlich carcinoma, obtained from mice, previously administered intraperitoneally with the enzyme. Peroxidase was shown to penetrate in all the cell fractions studied; the most specific activity of the extraneous enzyme was observed in mitochondria.


[Role of intracellular proteinases and glycosidases in the degradation of the 'large glycoprotein' responsible for the neuraminidase and hemagglutinating activity of the Newcastle disease virus]. It was shown that the decrease in neuraminidase and hemagglutinin activities in Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infected cells, which was revealed in conditions of disturbed protein synthesis, could be significantly diminished by addition of an inhibitor or trypsin-like proteinases tosyl-lysil-chloromethyl keton. The same effect was caused by D-galactonolactone--inhibitor of some glycosidases. These data suggested that the action of intracellular proteinases and glycosidases are the cause of degradation of 'large glycoprotein', responsible for neuraminidase and hemagglutinin activities in NDV-infected cells.


[Bile secretion intensity and the chemical makeup of the bile in white rats with liver dystrophy in the process of sodium selenite treatment]. In male rats with acute liver dystrophia, caused by carbon tetracloride, effect of sodium slentie (at doses of 1 mg and 10 mg per 100 g of body weight) on the bile secretion was studied. The drug normalized rapidly the functions of liver tissue, synthesis and excretion of bile acids, bilirubin secretion and excetion of cholesterol. Treatment with sodium selenite increased detoxication process in the organism, prevented death of the animals.


[Cell-free system of protein synthesis from rat's cardiac muscle]. A cell-free system of protein synthesis from rat heart muscle is described. The system contained preparations of ribosomes, which were not separated from myofibrillar proteins. The conditions for incorporation of 14C-leucine into the polyribosomes of the fraction were established and its protein synthetizing activity was studied.


[ATP metabolism under conditions of radiation injury and the ways of its modification]. Content, methylation and an intensity of restoration of phosphoric components of ATP were studied in cross-striated muscles, brain and liver tissue of normal animals. These patterns were also studied in animals, subjected to irradiation: within 3 hrs after X-ray treatment (800 r); with subcutaneous administration of prozerine (0.5 mcg/kg) and nicotinic acid (20 microng/) 4 hrs before decapitation; and also in animals with vagus, cut off at the level of neck two weeks before irradiation. In different experimental conditions the character of regularity and interrelation between methylation and phosphorylation of ATP were established.


[Content of hexuronic acids, hexoses and tyrosine in the lung tissue in experimental pneumoconiosis]. Content of hydroxyproline, thyrosine, hexuronic acids, hexoses and dry weight of lungs were studied in animals with pneumoconiosis, caused by various agents: two types of silicosis, induced by crystalline and condensed modifications of silica, and anthracosis, caused by anthracite. The data obtained showed that in all the types of pneumoconiosis dry weight of defatted lungs was increased with simultaneous increase of hydroxyproline content in the tissue. The more pronounced alterations were observed in silicosis. In all the types of pneumoconiosis within the experimental period content of hexuronic acids was higher in impaired animals as compared with control ones; the increase in content of hexuronic acids preceded the accumulation of hydroxyproline. Content of hexoses and thyrosine was distinctly increased within 2 days, which apparently correlated with the processes of exudation. Then it was decreased and at the later steps of the impairment amount of hexoses and thyrosine was shown to increase with simultaneous accumulation of hydroxyproline. Dynamics of accumulation of non-collagen components of connective tissue in lungs depended upon the type of a dust to which the animals were exposed.


[Activity of enzymes of pentosephosphate pathway in the erythrocytes, myocardium and intercostal muscle of patients with mitral valve stenosis]. Decrease in activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase was observed in erythrocytes of patients with mitral stenosis. Development of the disease was accompanied by a further decrease in the enzymatic activity. The activity of the enzymes was increased in myocardium of atrium sinistrum at the IV stadium as compared with the III stadium of the disease. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was decreased and the transketolase activity was unaltered in intercostal muscle of the patients.


[Regulation of L-asparaginase biosynthesis in mutants of Bacillus mesentericus 43A, poorly growing in the presence of aspartic acid]. Biosynthesis of L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) was inhibited in the growing culture of Bac. mesentericus 43A on addition of L-aspartic acid (20 mM). My treatment with methyl nitrosourea (2 mg/ml) mutants were obtained, which grew poorly on aspartic acid used as the only source of carbon and nitrogen. The aspartic acid did not repress the asparaginase biosynthesis in 8 strains, found between the mutants. In six of these mutants the asparaginase biosynthesis was inhibited by means of the type of catabolite repression. The data obtained suggest that in Bac. mesentericus 43A the asparaginase biosynthesis is controlled more likely by two independent mechanisms: 1) specific repression with aspartic acid as an end product and 2) catabolite repression.


[Acetylcholinesterase of erythrocytes in various blood diseases]. Appearance of low molecular components of acetylcholinesterase from erythrocyte membranes was found by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. Content of these components was distinctly increased within ghe acute period of Marchiafava-Micheli disease.


[Effect of stimulating pharmacological agents on the content of L-cystathionine in the rabbit brain tissues]. Concentration of L-cystathionine was distinctly increased in rabbit brain within the period of maximal action of drugs, stimulating the central nervous system (phenamine, strychnine corasole). A distinct decrease in content of L-cystathionine was observed within one hour after the administration of strychnine and corasole.


[Modification of the micromethod of estimation of citric acid in the bone tissue]. A modified method is developed for estimation of citric acid in bone tissue. Citrate was isolated from acid bone hydrolysate without a preliminary deproteinization; then it was oxidized and converted into pentabromaceton by treatment of citric acid with bromine. The content of pentabromaceton was estimated by a photometric method. The method was highly sensitive and reproductible.


[Inhibitory effect of parenterally administered dicarboxylic amino acids on gastric secretion]. Tests conducted on dogs established that glutaminic and aspargic acids introduced into the blood by the drip method call forth inhibition of the gastric secretion stimulated by other amino acids (alanine, glycine, proline). The dicarboxylic amino acids inhibit also the reflex phase of the gastric secretion provoked by injection of histamine. It is only against the background of a repeated introduction of histamine for many hours that they produce a sharply marked inhibitory effect. This manifests itself chiefly in dogs with denervated isolated pouches, while with intact innervation of gastric glands this effect is very poorly pronounced. Introduction of beta-adrenolytic-obsidan is attended by a drastic reduction of this effect.


[Biologic value of the protein component of dairy products used in infant nutrition]. Chemical and biological methods were used in determining the biological value of dairy products ("Malyutka", "Malysh", B-rice, kephir and "Bebiron-I") employed in the nutrition of infants kept on artificial feeding. The results of these methods are found to accord well with each other. The highest biological value were found to possess the new Soviet-made substituents o


[Analysis of iron supply to the bodies of women skiers]. Observations made in 46 sportswomen-skiers and 16 women not engaged in sporting activities demonstrated that in the former the blood plasma iron content declines in the spring-summer and rises in the autumn-winter periods, with the greatest abundance of iron in food rations being noted in winter, and the lowest--in summer. From among food products in the Yaroslavl region most rich in iron are meat and bakery ones, while dairy products contain little of this elements. A regular intake of the iron-containing preparation ferrocal in amounts of 0.64 g, thrice a day had a positive effect of the iron metabolism of the organism, this manifesting itself in an appreciable absorption of the element, an increased concentration of plasmatic iron, in the improvement of the morphological composition of the red blood, of the serum protein fractions and of the general condition of the sportswomen with simultaneously increased performance capacity.


[Hygienic support of parameters of the technological process of producing new canned children's and dietetic food]. Some technological methods employed in the production of new canned foods prepared with chicken meat and intended for 5-7 month old infants were investigated. Biological experiments established the limits for the thermal optimum of sterilization within the range of 125-130 degrees for the new canned goods of the type "Kroshka". Furthermore, the most marked loss of the proteinic value of the canned goods with the use of modified starches--the jellyfying potato and the corn phosphatethan by employing native starches as a structural stabilizer, was ascertained. The need for hygienic evaluation of the technological methods in developing new baby and dietic foods is stressed.


[Detection of components of type D oncornavirus in the mitochondria of HEp-2 cells]. The HEp-2 cell mitochondria were found to harbor electronoptically dense subvirus particles with a byouant density of 1.27-1.28 g/cm3 which formed in the mitochondria de novo (experiments on incubation of isolated mitochondria with 32P). The intramitochondrial localization of proteins of oncornavirus type D was proven by different methods of the antigenic analysis (CFT, immune precipitation, autoradiography). The additional evidence of the participation of mitochondria in biosynthesis of this virus was obtained by the use of inhibitory tests (a different effect of chloramphenicol and cycloheximide). The possible role of mitochondria in biosynthesis of oncornaviruses is discussed.


[Manifestation of polylysogeny in Pseudomonas vignae]. Ultraviolet irradiation and treatment with mitomycin C demonstrated that a culture of Ps. vignae, strain 1025, was polylysogenic, as electron microscopic preparations of phagolysates revealed two types of virus particles: "large" with a hexagonal head of 700 A in diameter, and "small" with a round head of 500 A in diameter. Subcultivation of the test and indicator cultures showed in both cases formation of particles of these phages, the content of "small" virions increasing with the number of passages of negative colonies. Attempts to separate these viruses biological methods were not successfull. The phenomenon of polylysogeny is unusual in that moderate phage adsorbed repeatedly on host bacteria culture and lysed it. The causes of the discovered phenomenon are discussed.


[Teratogenic properties of freshly isolated strains of rubella virus in experiments on animals]. Teratogenic properties of rubella virus circulating in the Soviet Union were studied in animal experiments. After inoculation of the virus to white rats on the 5th day of pregnancy, an increased number of resorptions, a decrease in the number and weight of the embryos were observed. In some rats hydramnion was observed. The newborn rats of the infected mothers showed a higher lethality and some delay in weight gain as compared to the control animals, as well as hydrocephaly and microcephaly (2.2%). Persistence of rubella virus hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody in many infected rats and their progeny was established. The results indicate that the national s-rains of rubella virus affect the course of pregnancy and development of progeny in white rats.


[Strategy of persistence (facts, hypotheses)]. The universal phenomenon of virus persistence is considered to be a regular phenomenon primarily meeting the interests of the host. Examinations of 1112 patients with various diseases of the nervous system revealed a certain dependence of macroglobulin measles antibody upon the character of the disease and the intensity of demyelinization process. These data do not suggest the etiological role of the persisting measles virus in the genesis of multiple sclerosis and a large group of other nervous system diseases (SSPE). Similar results were obtained in analogous examinations of patients for macroglobulin mumps antibody. The results indicate the role of persisting viruses in the formation of solid specific immunity as well as their importance for nonspecific protection against other immunologically similar diseases. Virus persistence is considered to be a certain antiviral strategy of the body based on accumulation in the life course of a considerable number of persisting viruses on which both specific and nonspecific antiviral protection is founded. Congenital or acquired defects of immunity cause the development of the persisting infection and appearance of some chronic diseases of the nervous system.


[Verbal conditioning - analysis of a paradigm]. In this paper relevant empirical studies of verbal conditioning have been analysed - one of the first examples of the behavior theory of Skinner applied to behavior therapy. Next the verbal conditioning paradigm has been critically evaluated as to: - the formation of a theory, - its consequences to the use of psychological procedures, also in regard to the significance of verbal conditioning in therapy. In conclusion we outlined the advantage of a research strategy that with the aid of categorical observation techniques determines and predicts the transition frequency of verbalizations of the patients as a function of the therapists verbalizations.


[Narcissus - anthropological psychopathology of a communication disorder]. In an anthropological-phenomenological interpretation the authors demonstrate the multitude of determinants that constitute the myth of Narciss: the connection of rejection by the nymph "Echo", the further relation of rejection, suffering and the development of reflection, the relation between reflection - thinking - and death, that forms the nucleus of the myth.


Carbohydrates from hydrocarbons. II. Free and bound sugars from yeast cells grown on n-hexadecane. Candida lipolytica (strain 10) was grown on an n-hexadecane medium with and without yeast extract. The harvested dry cells were weighed at various stages of growth. The free sugars from the cultures were obtained by Soxhlet extraction with 85% ethyl alcohol. Further qualitative and quantitative analyses of free monosaccharides in the concentrated alcoholic extracts were made by paper chromatography. Glucose was the only free monosaccharide that could be identified at various stages of growth. The chromatographic analysis of the acid-hydrolyzed yeast cells indicated the presence of glucose and mannose as dominant bound sugars; galactose and xylose were present in minor quantities. In the harvested dry cells from the yeast extract-containing medium, in general, greater amounts of bound sugars were present.


Formation of root hairs by the wheat Triticum Vulgare Host. Trichoblasts. The process of root hair formation has been studied by light-, transmission-and scanning electron microscopy. In the course of root hair development a break of the outer cell wall is observed by electron microscopy. It apparently occurs after the break of the fibrillar layer. The break of the outer layer of the cell wall is assumed to represent the break of the outer mucilage, the cuticle and the adjoining amorphous matrix with irregularly oriented cellulose microfibrils. The scheme of successive ultrastructural changes in the outer cell wall pattern during root hair formation is presented.


[Fate of operated and conservatively treated coral calculus patients]. The data of 11 patients with coral calculus have been assessed from various aspects. Observations and results are described and conclusions drawn from statistical data are discussed with special emphasis on the importance of the treatment of calculi.


[Auto-perfused multi-organ preparations. III. Interpretation of histologic changes in perfused organs]. The functional instability of "multi-organ" preparations has been studied by morphological and histochemical assessment of 46 autoperfused heart-lung-kidney-liver-duodenopancreas preparations. The organs of the autoperfused preparations were damaged to different degrees, but the damage was always a function of perfusion time (1 to 3 hours). The liver suffered the most serious lesions (stagnation, oedema, hepatocytolysis, hydropic degeneration) but lesions such as interstitial haemorrhage and oedema though in a milder form appeared also in the  kidney. The heart structure was comparatively well preserved.


Spinal bupivacain anaesthesia in traumatological surgery. Two-hundred forty spinal cases of bupivacain anaesthesia are reported. One third of the patients was over 60 years of age and one quarter in a poor condition. No serious or lasting complications were observed. In the overwhelming majority anaesthesia during operation was satisfactory, thus the drug was found suitable for use in traumatological surgery. Due to its protracted effect, bupivacain ensures analgesia in the early postoperative period.


[Use of cryocoagulation in gynecology].

[Use of cryocoagulation in gynecology]. Cryocoagulation was performed in 101 cases, mainly when the lesions were on the surface of the vaginal portion or when endocervicitis resistant to conservative therapy was present. Healing was achieved in 95%, in 65% of the cases in 4 weeks, in 32% in 8 weeks. Cryocoagulation is painless and can be applied without anaesthesia even in out-patients. It is advisable to apply treatment a few days after the end of menstruation. No complications were observed. Pathologic lesions or extensive ruptures of the cervix are not suited for cryocoagulation and should be treated as before by surgical intervention.


The Soichet intrauterine device in the treatment of intrauterine adhesions. IUD in the shape of a "Y" was inserted following curettage to 32 patients suffering from missed abortion or post-partum hemorrhage for the prevention of intrauterine adhesion formation, and to 48 patients suffering from sterility as a result of intrauterine adhesions. The rate of adhesion formation or recurrence of adhesions after their removal by curettage was very low and dropped significantly compared to other IUD's.


Incomplete type I male pseudohermaphroditism. The observation of a case of male pseudohermaphroiditism offered the opportunity for an analytical review of this pathology. Clinical features and failure to respond to prolonged testosterone treatment allowed this case to be included in the group characterized by androgen resistance of which a recent classification distinguishes various types on the basis of phenotypic and hormonal features. Incomplete virilization of the external genitals and high testosterone and LH plasma levels were evidence in favour of the conclusion that the case should be classified as incomplete male type I pseudohermaphroditism.


The significance of the combined dexamethasone-HCG test for the assessment of hyperandrogenism. The combined dexamethasone-HCG test was employed in 57 patients with excessive androgen secretion in order to differentiate the Stein-Leventhal syndrome from other disorders associated with increased androgen production. The patients were classified according to the test results. All except two of the patients gave a test result typical for the Stein-Leventhal syndrome.


First oviduct transplants.

First oviduct transplants. The first four cases of oviduct transplantation are described. In the first case, it consisted in the substitution of an oviduct that could not be recanalized after previous sterilization; two further patients had undergone salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy, and one had been salpingectiomized for salpingitis. Donor oviducts preserved in liquid nitrogen at--196 degrees C were used as grafts. Rejection was prevented by countersensitization according to Theurer, also a first instance of the use of this method to be recorded in the literature.


True pubertas praecox in a girl; onset at nineteen months. The authors report a case of true pubertas praecox in a girl with onset at 19 months; they describe the principal histopathologic, clinical and laboratory features and discuss problems of etiopathogenesis and differential diagnosis, as well as the prognosis and treatment of this disorder.


Preparation for surgery in cases of sterility. The author illustrates various techniques to be applied in preparation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for sterility, such as perflation, hysterosalpingography, endometrial biopsy, culdoscopy and laparotomy.


The effect of denervation on carnitine metabolism in rat skeletal muscle. We investigated the effect of denervation upon the concentration of carnitine, the activity of carnitine palmityltransferase and carnitine acetyltransferase in the "red" soleus and "white" extensor digitorum longus muscles of the rat. Soon after denervation a marked drop in the amount of muscle carnitine was observed, that was more pronounced in the "red" soleus. The activity of both CPT and CAT decreased in both types of muscle, but CPT activity decreased to a greater extent in the soleus than in the EDL. These data may be indicative of a more impaired fat combustion in the "red" than in the "white" muscle following denervation.


Specificity of trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin towards neutral substrates. Steady state kinetics of the hydrolysis by trypsin and chymotrypsin of the ethyl esters of the N-acetyl derivatives of glycine, L-alanine, DL-2-aminobutyric acid, L-norvaline, L-valine, L-norleucine and L-leucine were studied at pH 6.6 and 25 degrees C. It is apparent from the second-order rate constants, kcat/Km, app, that there is a significant difference between the specificities of the two enzymes toward substrates with a long side chain, such as the derivatives of norvaline, norleucine and leucine. The carboxylate ion Asp-189 in the specificity pocket of trypsin seems to interfere with the productive binding of substrates containing apolar side chains longer than those of the derivatives of DL-2-aminobutyric acid or L-valine. The basic group of the specific substrates of trypsin, such as that of lysine and arginine derivatives, promotes the binding of the apolar side chain by neutralizing the negative carboxylate ion of Asp-189.


Effect of the interferon inducer tilorone in inbred CBA mice. Tilorone hydrochloride (200 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically to inbred CBA mice. After 5, 18 and 48 hr the number of circulating leucocytes and peritoneal cells as well as the migration of unstimulated peritoneal cells, the blood corticosteroid level and interferon production were investigated. In spite of the considerable decrease of the number of mononuclear cells in the blood and polynuclear ones in the peritoneal exudate, the drug induced production of circulating interferon and stimulated its synthesis by peritoneal cells. The blood corticosteroid level and the mast cell count in the peritoneal cavity were significantly elevated, but the migration of peritoneal cells in antigen-free medium decreased.


Taxonomy of primycin producing actinomycetes. I. Description of the type strain of thermomonospora galeriensis. Strain FBUA 1274 (=strain 28/650707, Hungarian National Collection of Medical Bacteria, National Institute of Public Health, Budapest) is designated the type strain of Thermonospora galeriensis (Vályi-Nagy et al.) comb. nov., and the morphological characteristics of this strain are described.


[Elements of a theory of psychiatric care]. According to traditional psychiatric care, hospitalisation is indicated as soon as a schizophrenic patient presents an acute episode. If one, on the contrary, tries to apply psychiatric crisis intervention in the home of the patient, it seems very useful, in order to make people aware of the family's dynamics, to observe the psychological transactions related to the medication.


[Automatic ultramicrotechnic for the determination of plasma uric acid]. An automatic micromethod is described for the estimation of plasma uric acid. The hydrogen peroxide formed when uric acid is oxidised by uricase, condenses by oxidation two molecules of p-hydroxyphenil-acetic acid in the presence of peroxidase. The product formed (dicarboxymethyl-5,5' dihydroxy-2,2' biphenyl) is fluorescent. This method permits one to estimate quantitites of uric acid of the order of 1 microng and permits measurement of uric acid in 50 microll of plasma. The values obtained for human plasma are compared to those supplied by a reductrimetric technique (SMA 12-60).


[Determination of colchicine in biological fluids]. The authors described a fluorimetric method of estimation of colchicine applicable to biological fluids, during treatment and, especially, during acute poisoning. Blood and urinary concentrations confirm the data in the literature.


[Usual values of haptoglobin, protein-bound sialic acid and blood sedimentation in a population of the Cherbourg region]. The authors studied 3 parameters commonly used for the exploration of an inflammatory syndrome (determination of globular sedimentation rate at the first and second hour, concentration of plasma haptoglobin, sialic acid bound to plasma proteins rate). Haptoglobin and acid sialic assays were solely used in determining a control population (816 patients without any inflammatory reaction). As a matter of fact, the values we found complied with a normal distribution rule and confidence limits with a probability of 95% were obtained.


Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say , 1818) (Mollusca: Pulmonata). Characterization and inheritance pattern. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of Biomphalaria glabrata has been characterized by electrophoresis, kinetic properties and inheritance pattern. It exists as a single electrophoretic band with no polymorphism in the natural population studied during the present investigations. There are no organ-specific differences in electrophoretic pattern. The enzyme from the homogenates of various organs e.g., albumen gland, digestive gland, ovotestis and columellar muscle show similar physico-chemical parameters, such as optima for pH, NADP and glucose-6-phosphate. Incorporation of NADP is essential for maintaining the stability of the enzyme, failing which, there appear artifactual variations in electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme. The apparent lack of polymorphism in natural population of Biomphalaria glabrata has been discussed.


[Prejudices and psychiatry. Results of a survey among medical students]. The purpose of this survey was to know better the image of mental illness among the public. A 28 items questionnaire tried to summarize the main set-ideas usually held in this respect. It was submitted to a group of medical students. The answers obtained indicate quite clearly the force and continuity of some of these set-ideas: more complicated illness, often incurable, of which the number is constantly increasing; bad reputation of electrochocs. They also show an evolution of the state of minds concerning the differenciation of different types of illnesses, the alleged origins of mental illnesses and eventually the role and importance of psychotherapy in their treatment. Eventually a "free-opinions" section, underlined the common interest for the social condition of the mental patient, the responsibility of social factors in the genesis or the appearance of his troubles and above all for the "character" of psychiatrist. Conclusions drawn from this survey only have a relative value, but are encouraging enough to justify a larger and deeper one.


[Sacro-coccygeal dysplasia and megarrectum in children (author's transl)]. 35 cases of megarrectum associated with lumbo-sacro-coccygeal dysplasis are reviewed. 32.7% of the dysplasia were sacral. Nine cases were ultrashort aganglionic segments. Symptoms were variable, of early onset (82.7% before one year) and mild (57.1% required medical advise after three). Medical management was useful in the non aganglionic group whereas it was ineffective in the aganglionic group. Sphincteric myotomy was the more common operation used. Physiopathology and modalities of treatment are discussed.


[Gallstones in children. Report of one case and review of the literature (author's transl)]. A 12 year old boy is presented with choleithiasis and cholecystitis diagnosed by oral cholecistogram and intravenous cholangiogram and managed surgically with a cholecystectomy. A review of 667 cases of cholelithiasis in children is presented from literature, since the first report of gallstones in 1737, until 1975. It is showed that childhood cholelithiasis is a uncommon disease, occurring in all ages but (commoner) in preadolescent and adolescent girls. Etiologic significance of obesity, family history of cholelithiasis, pregnancy and history of previous abdominal surgery is reported. Haemolytic disease is an underlying etiologic agent in less than 19% of 416 cases reviewed. A high percentage of gallstones were visible on plain films of the abdomen and oral cholecystograms were diagnostic of cholelithiasis or showed changes highly suggestive of gallstones in 86% of cases reviewed. In a child with abdominal pain of unknown etiology, it is imperative to exculade the possibility of gallstones, and plain films of the abdomen and oral cholecystography are the best investigative techniques to do this.


[Unilateral brain edema in a case of Reye's syndrome (author's transl)]. A case of Reye's syndrome is reported with peculiar characteristics of neurological focality and important cerebral edema of the opposite side. The present knowledge of genetic factors in the development of Reye's syndrome encephalopaty is briefly discussed and, also, the possible vascular role in this definite case.


[Ether and penthrane on LH and prolactin (author's transl)]. The effects of long-term anesthesia with methoxyflurane on plasma LH and prolactin concentrations were compared to those induced by exposure to ether. Methoxyflurane significantly decreased prolactin levels and had a slight effect of LH, whereas ether produced an important release of prolactin without affecting LH.


[Cushing's disease successfully treated by transphenoidal hypophysectomy since eight years (author's transl) (proceedings)]. The authors show a case of true Cushing's disease by bilateral adrenal hyperplasia without pituitary tumor which is cured for eight years by only treated with transphenoidal hypophysectomy. They think that reaching by surgery, the nervous afferences from hypothalamus to hypophysis could play a part in ameliorating the pathologic relations which existed between two centers.


Influence of embryonic and adult testis on the differentiation of embryonic ovary in the mouse. The development of 11 1/2-13 1/2-day embryonic mouse ovaries subjected to the influence of adult and embryonic testes was investigated. The environment of adult testis caused severe restriction of ovarian growth, but did not produce any effects which might be considered as masculinization. The presence of embryonic testis was distinctly unfavourable to the embryonic ovary, resulting in restriction of the growth of the latter and degeneration of oocytes. Reversal of the course of differentiation of genetically female germ cells has never been observed.


The replacement of serum by hormones in cell culture media. The replacement of serum by hormones in cell culture media. (Reemplazo del suero por hormonas en el medio de cultivo de células). Arch. Biol. Med. Exper. 10: 120-121, 1976. The serum used in cell culture media can be replaced by a mixture of hormones and some accesory blood factors. The pituitary cell line GH3 can be grown in a medium in which serum is replaced by triiodothyronine, transferrin, parathormone, tyrotrophin releasing hormone and somatomedins. Hela and BHK cell strains can also be grown in serum free medium supplemented with hormones. Each cell type appears to have different hormonal requirements yet it may found that some hormones are required for most cell types.


Cell membrane and cell junctions in differentiation of preimplanted mouse embryos. Cell membrane and cell junctions in differentiation of preimplanted mouse embryos, (membrana celular y uniones celulares en la diferenciación del embrión de ratón antes de la implantación). Arch. Biol. Med. Exper. 10: 130-134, 1976. The development of cell junctions that seal the peripheral blastomeres could be a decisive step in the differentiation of morulae into blastocysts. The appearance of these junctions is studied by electron microscopy of late morulae and initial blastocysts. Zonulae occludentes as well as impermeability to lanthanum emulsion precedes the appearance of the blastocel and hence might be considered as one of its necessary causes.


Hormone action on the cell nucleus: effect of erythropoietin and testosterone on bone marrow. Experiments intended to correlate the biochemical action of erythropoietin and testosterone on marrow cells are presented. Both hormones seem to act at different cytological and biochemical levels. Erythropoietin triggers the erythropoietic phenomenon acting on the Erythropoietin-Sensitive Cells. Inducing the synthesis of a large size RNA, (85S) which after a ribonuclease-dependent processing mechanism generates the informational RNA (9S) required for hemoglobin synthesis. Testosterone acts directly on bone marrow (probably at the level of polychromatophylic erythroblasts) enhancing the synthesis of ribosomal RNA or its precursors and stimulates a nuclear ribonuclease which might represent a control mechanism on the processing of high molecular weight RNAs. It is postulated that erythropoietin and testosterone act synergistically to create the biochemical machinery for hemoglobin synthesis.


[Method of x-ray osteophotometry of the lumbar region of the spinal column]. The content of mineral salts in all diseases of the skeleton has greater or less deviations from the norm. The change of the mineral content can be visually determined in routine roentgenograms when the deviation is not less than 20-30% from normal. This estimation has a great share of subjectivism. The optical density of the bone in roentgenogram objectively shows the content of calcium salts and its structure. Under study was the influence of soft tissues surrounding the lumbar part of the vertebral column upon the optical density index. Ten preparations of lumbar divisions by means of the aluminium wedge.


[Transitional forms of the cervical and first ribs]. The upper ribs possessing the signs of both cervical and first ribs (such as the size, conjunction with the sternum, dilatation of the superior intercostal spaces, double width and others) are the intermediate forms. Small dimension fluorography of 400.000 humans with roentgenographical control has revealed 468 persons with transitional forms of cervical and first ribs (0,12%), i. e. one case per 800 humans at an average. Transitional forms of cervical and first ribs can be grouped as follows: asymmetry of clavicles, asymmetry of the upper ribs, close position of the upper ribs, double width of the first ribs, conjunction of the cervical and first ribs at the vertebrum.


[Morphometric study of the postnatal development of the human adrenal cortex]. Under study was the developmental dynamics of a number of morphometrical parameters of the adrenal cortex of man. The number of glandular cells in the organ was found to considerably decrease at late developmental periods, the size of nuclei in them diminished. These factors are considered to be responsible for the drop of functional activity of the adrenal cortex in elderly and senile age. The increase of the cell size during the growing of the organism is thought to be an important factor of the growth of the adrenal cortex of man.


[State of Dogiel type II neurons in the wall of the cat small intestine following a single exposure to gravitational stress]. Under study was the nervous apparatus of the small intestine in 22 cats subjected to a single gravitation stress by rotation in a centrifuge of 1,5 m radius. The stress was equal to 10 units, duration from 2,5 to 3,5 min., and was of head-pelvis direction. The material was treated after Nissl and Gomori in Chilingarian's modification. Within 1-3 days after exposure to gravitation stresses in the Auerbach plexus there appeared changes in the shape of the body of the type II Dogiel cells, such as pericellular oedema, vacuoles in the cytoplasm, chromatolysis and varicous thickenings of nerve fibres. Terminal structures of the dendrites of the type II Dogiel cells are thickened. The changes are most pronounced within the 4th-7th days after exposure to gravitation and are observed as late as the 14th day, being sharply diminished by the 30th day.


[New methods of x-ray anatomic study (on the 80th anniversary of x-ray anatomy)]. Eighty years have passed since 1896 when Tonkov first used X-rays in anatomy in our country. The first Roentgenological Institute was organized in the USSR in Leningrad in 1918 with the first roentgenanatomical laboratory in it. This laboratory has first developed methods of the roentgen-anatomical investigation of the vascular system such as roentgenarteriography (A. S. Zolotukhin), roentgenlymphography, tomography, microroentgenography, bukkigraphy and others (M.G. Prives and others). The article presents a review of the newest methods of roentgenanatomical investigations: roentgenography with direct magnification of the picture, roentgenography of soft tissues, electro-roentgenography, panthomography, coloured roentgenography, different kinds of artificial contrasting-pneumography of different kinds, partenography, roentgenostereography, newest kinds of arteriography, phlebography, portohepatography, lymphography, pharmaco-angiography, roentgenokinography and teleroentgenkinography.


[New growth of interneuronal connections in the neocortex of adult rats under conditions of secondary epileptogenesis]. The synaptic organization of the parietal cortex in the zone of a chronic mirror epileptic focus was studied in rats electron microscopically. The synaptoarchitectonics was found to change as compared with control material in the mirror focus. Part of synapses were reduced due to degeneration of interhemisphere fibres. The amount of fine preterminal axons and axo-axonal contacts increased, the organization of complex synaptic conjunction grew more complicated. These data suggest possible newformation of interneuronal connections under the influence of an intensive stream of impulses from the primary focus.


[Direct action of angiotensin II on the central neurons]. Reactions of the nervous cells in the somatosensory and visual regions of the brain cortex and the frontal hypothalamus in rabbits, as well as of the isolated nervous peripharyngeal ring of the Helix pomatia to the microionophoretic application of angiotensin II (A-II) was studied. Reactions of the neurons in the rabbit brain to A-II displayed an increase in the spike frequency depending on the quantity of the agent applied. Reactions of the frontal hypothalamus neurons showed a lower threshold than those of the brain cortex. A-II application to the some of the recorded cells of the mollusc evoked a marked reversible decrease in the membrane potential; as to the membrane resistance--it diminished 2--4 fold. These experimental data pointed to the direct A-II effect on the central neurons.


[Effect of adaptation to altitude hypoxia in early ontogeny on the indices of higher nervous activity]. Newborn male and female Wistar rats were adapted to hypoxia in a pressure chamber. Adaptation was started from the "altitude" of 1000 m, 1 hour daily, and then the time and the intensity of hypoxic actions were gradually increased: beginning from the 17th day the animals were subjected to adaptation to the "altitude" of 5000 m, for 5 hours, 5 days a week. The defence conditioned reflex of active avoidance was provoked in the animals after 2-month adaptation. A tendency to a more rapid elaboration of the reflex and a markedly enhanced degree of its retention in comparison with control was revealed in the adapted males. No significant changes in the elaboration and rentention of the reflex were found in the female animals adapted to hypoxia under analogous conditions.


[Thalamic inhibition of locomotion evoked by stimulation of the midbrain]. In the lightly anesthetized cat with an intact brain stimulation of the thalamic region with Horsley-Clarke cooordinates of its center A7 L2 H2 could suppress the locomotion elicited by stimulation of the subthalamic or midbrain "locomotor region".


[Change in the evoked potentials of the brain exposed to a constant magnetic field]. The influence of the constant magnetic field (CMF) upon the cerebral and cerebellar cortex potentials evoked by the sciatic stimulation was studied in rats. During the exposure to the  CMF there occurred an increase of the evoked potentials in amplitude and the appearance of additional waves in their structure. The effect was enhanced with increase in the intensity of magnetic field within the range of 500-4000 oe.


[Mechanism of the effect of the sympathetic nerves on kidney function]. The inhibitory action of the adrenergic fibers of the splanchnic nerve on the speed of diuresis, filtration, maximum secretion, potassium excretion in the kidney disappeared at the side of the stimulation and blood flow in both kidneys in dogs given high reserpine doses. The animals developed hyponatriemia, hyperkaliemia and oliguria.


[Characteristics of the functional properties of the spinal cord motoneurons of old rats]. The mean membrane potential (MP) of old rats did not differ significantly from that in young mature rats ((58.4 +/- +/-1,4 mV and 56.6 +/- 1.26 mV, respectively). At the same time the frequency of detection of motor neurons with the MP OF 70 mV and more fell by 18.6%, and with the MP of 50-59 mV -increased by 14.2% in the old, in comparison with the young animals. The direct excitability threshold in old rats decreased (3.0 +/- 3-10(-9) in young mature and 2.0 +/- 0.2-10(-9) a in old rats; P  less than 0.02). The number of discharges per 50 msec of the neuron poliarization reached 4-5, constituting 80-100 pulse/min. When determined by the first two intervals the action potential frequency reached 125 pulse/sec, and in the young mature rats--over 300 pulse/sec. The duration of antidromic spikes was increased (1.02 +/- 0.09 msec in young mature animals and 1.65 +/- 0.14 msec in the old animals; P less than 0.001). The antidromic spikes of the neurons in old mature rats, as a rule, had no delayed depolarization.


[Synaptic potentials in smooth muscle cells]. Investigations were carried out on smooth muscle cells (SMC) of rat and rabbit anococcygeus by the method of a double "sugar bridge" in the presence of tetraethylammonium (1 mM/1) in the Krebs solution. Stimulation of the muscle strip by the electric current rectangular pulse of the maximal value and of short duration caused the development of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EP SP) in the rat and rabbit SMC, and of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in the rabbit SMC. The value of postsynaptic potentials displayed a linear dependence on the level of the membrane potential. Elimination of chlorine ions from the external solution decreased the EP SP of the SMC of rabbit anococcygeus and shifted the reversion potential in the direction of sodium balance potential. Apparently generation of the EP SP of the SMC of rabbit anococcygeus was associated with the increased permeability of the membrane both for sodium and for chlorine ions.


[2 phase of the working hyperemia of skeletal muscle]. The dynamics of the working hyperemia of cat m. gastrocnemius was studied by means of an electromagnetic flowmeter. Two phases could be distinguished in the increase in the rate of circulation. There proved to be a rapid increase of the blood flow during the I phase, and an abrupt reduction of this process during the II phase. The duration of the I phase failed to depend on the frequency of stimulation and on the number of the contracting motor units. The II phase was absent when the number of the contracting motor units was few or the frequency of stimulation was low. It is suggested that the dilatation of the precapillary arterioles is responsible for the I phase of the working hyperemia and the II phase is connected with the dilatation of the larger arteries.


[Effect of a hypertonic sodium chloride solution on dye distribution in the organs and lymph of the thoracic duct]. The distribution of trephan blue in different organs and tissues and in the lymph was studied in acute experiments  on 84 dogs after the infusion of 5% NaCl solution (0.5 mg/kg). The rise of the stain concentration in the intact dogs was the greatest in the liver, the kidney and the intestine. The osmotic shift caused by the intravenous infusion of the hypertonic NaCl solution increased the blood plasma hyaluronidase activity, reduced the maximal accumulation time of the stain in the tissues and led to a 1.5-2 fold elevation in the stain concentration in the organs.


[Characteristics of the function of the higher portions of the central nervous system of rats subjected to acute hypoxia in the antenatal period]. A reduction of motor activity, and of the orientative reflex, its more rapid extinction in comparison with control were seen in the sexually mature rats which sustained acute hypoxia during the antenatal period. The experimental animals displayed disturbances of the conditioned reflex activity indicating a worse fixation of the temporary association, weakening of the inhibitory process and reduction of the nervous process mobility. Epileptiform convulsions occurred in presentation of "difficult" experimental tasks. There was also noted an increase in convulsioness after the administration of threshold doses of carasol.


[Dynamics of the dendrite and transcallosum potentials in the cerebral cortex in overheating]. Experiments were conducted on awake rabbits placed in a thermochamber at the temperature of 45 degrees C. The dendrite and the transcallosum potentials were examined in dynamics of the hyperthermia and after the restoration of the thermal homeostasis. The influence of high temperature was accompanied by an expressed inhibition of the amplitude of the dendrite potential, although to a lesser degree than of the transcallosum response. The data obtained could testify to a direct inhibitory thermal effect on the neuron elements of various layers of the cortex. Restoration of the cortical neuron function after the high degree hyperthermia occurred twenty-four hours after the body normothermia was reached.


[Posthypoxic changes in the cerebral cortex of dogs in the late recovery period after 4-hour hypovolemic hypotension]. On the 14th-21st day of the restorative period after four-hour hypovolemic hypotension the level of total RNA decreased in the tissue of the gray matter of the brain by 20.9%, and of DNA-by 13%. In the postmitochondrial supernatant the concentration of prealbumins was reduced by 26.5%, alpha-globulins--19.2%, gamma-globulins--by 59.8%; the concentration of albumins and beta-globulins was increased by 12.6% and 50.0%, respectively. The activity of acid cathepsins  rose by 50%, and of acid phosphatase--by 44%. The activity of total lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic dehydrogenase failed to differ essentially from the control level. However, LDH isoenzyme spectrum changes towards the reduction of LDH3+4+5 from 31.9 to 14.2%. Analysis of densitograms of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel showed physico-chemical changes in the protein molecules similar in nature to the denaturation phenomenon. The Purkinje's cell count decreased in the cerebellum by 41.3% in comparison with control.


[Thrombolytic activity of terrilytin and its effect on the coagulating system of the blood]. The preliminary incubation of fibrinogen with terrilytin in vitro delayed the formation of the clot and accelerated the subsequent lysis. Terrylitin (in vitro) prolonged the recalcification time, lowered the thromboplastic  activity and that of fibrinase, and also enhanced the fibrinolytic activity of the blood plasma. In experiments on dogs roentgenovasography revealed a considerable thrombolytic activity of terrilytin following its intravenous infusion to the animals with experimental thrombosis of the femoral veins.


[Changes in the stages of nocturnal sleep in man with a lesion of the hypothalamus-brain stem structures]. Polygraphic study of nocturnal sleep in 18 patients with affection of the hypothalamo-mesencephalic structures showed a reduction of the duration of the II stage and a prolongation of the III and IV stages of slow sleep in comparison with the corresponding indices in the patients with involvement of the ponto-bulbar structures (9) and in healthy persons (8) of control group. Analysis of the qualitative indices of the EEG of slow sleep (a relative amount of the sleep spindles per 1 min of the II stage, delta-index and the  delta-wave amplitude at the II and the IV stages) demonstrated a tendency to their increase in the patients with affection of the hypothalamo-mesencephalic structures. Patients of this group showed a decreased frequency of spontaneous changes of sleep from deeper to more superficial stages.