Chemexfoliation as an adjunct to facial rejuvenation. Rhytidectomy and chemexfoliation are complementary procedures. The combination of rhytidectomy and chemexfoliation as a one-stage procedure is advocated for the rejuvenation of the aging face. The advantages of the combined technique are stressed. Recognition of the facial T-zone for application of a stronger solution and occlusive mask is noted. Careful selection of patients and technical details of the procedure are outlined.


The two-stage concept of rhytidectomy.

The two-stage concept of rhytidectomy. Over a two-year period, 258 rhytidectomy procedures were performed. Fifty-six patients (21.7%) required a secondary procedure. A thorough survey of these patients is in progress and will be reported at a later date. An early analysis shows that the secondary office surgery is neither time-consuming, difficult, nor disabling. It appears to be a relatively simple, painless, and effective method to minimize three causes of patient dissatisfaction with face-lifting surgery.


Formaldehyde-formed autogenous fascia graft tympanoplasty. The formaldehyde-formed autogenous fascia graft represents another step toward more reliable functional restoration of the diseased tympanic membrane. It combines the advantages of the availability and high nonperforation rate of autogenous fascia with the more normal anatomic restoration experienced with homograft tympanic membrane grafts. Its primary indication is in total membrane perforations with intact malleus although the concept can be employed in conjunction with various types of ossicular reconstruction.


Surgical correction of saddle nose deformity. Persons with saddle nose deformity can benefit from any of various surgical procedures for correction of the defect, and from various materials -- organic or inorganic -- used for filler material. Usually, other nasal defects co-exist and must be corrected at the time of surgery performed for the main deformity. Techniques and guidelines for surgical treatment have been presented. The use of polyamide mesh as filler material in 70 patients has given outstanding good results, which are briefly discussed.


[Effect of vagotomy with conservative stomach resection on the level of blood gastrin]. The concentration of gastrin in blood prior to and after vagotomy, associated with economic gastric resection, was determined radioimmunologically in patients with duodenal ulcerous disease. In patients with ulcerous disease of the duodenum insulin hypoglycemia resulted in an increased gastrin concentration in blood. Vagotomy associated with economic gastric resection has led to disappearance of this effect and to a decrease in the gastrin concentration in blood. There was stated the role of extragastric sources in the production of gastrin and the inhibitory effect of the vagus on the release of gastrin from these sources. Following vagotomy, associated with economic gastric resection, only gastrin produced by extragastric sources is circulating in blood. Vagotomy with economic gastric resection affecting both phases of gastric secretion is a high effective and pathogenetically grounded method of therapy for ulcerous disease of the duodenum.


[Homoplasty of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii]. The authors have used homotendons preserved by freezing for replacement of tendinous defects of various localization and of a considerable extent. The results of repair by means of homoplasty of inveterate tendon injuries of the humeral long bicipital head are reported. The technic of surgical therapy is described. The elaborated method was employed in 18 patients. The study of late results from 6 months to 2 years has evidenced that these were good in two thirds of patients under examination.


[New principle  of production of obturating apparatus in gaping defects of the esophagus and pharynx]. The authors suggest a new principle of producing functionally active obturating devices providing for a natural feeding of patients and preventing irritation and skin maceration around the defect due to prevention of the sputum and mucus effect. The use of different prostheses in 9 patients speaks in favour of their high efficacy.


[Anesthesia in surgical treatment of occlusive diseases of arteries of the lower limbs]. The kinetic study of a regional blood flow in the lower extremities (sphigmorphaphy, rheography) indicates its enhancement against the background of peridural blockade, employed by the authors in 480 of the total number of 1013 various operative interventinuous or prolonged peridural blockade, stabilized automatically or manually, is of a higher quality and may be recommended for a wide clinical application in these patients.


[Comparative evaluation of mask and intratracheal anesthesia with fluothane and nitrous oxide]. Under examination were 119 patients with mitral stenosis, stage III, in whom mask and endotracheal narcosis with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 volume per cent of fluothane in combination with 50% nitrogen monoxide was accomplished. As a result of studies, it was found that with the same concentrations of anesthetics in the inhaled mixture the depth of anesthesia according to EEG findings was greater in endotracheal than in mask anesthesia. Mask anesthesia was associated with more pronounced pathophysiological shifts than endotracheal one. In endotracheal narcosis with an artificial ventilation of the lung the fluothane concentration of 0.5 and 1.0 volume per cent in a combination with 50% nitrogen monoxide proved to be optimum.


[Effect of different types of anesthesia on hemodynamics and certain indicators of metabolism in obesity]. The authors have studied the response of the cardiovascular system and kinetics of some indices of fat and carbohydrate metabolism during the operation under different kinds of anesthesia in 175 patients with obesity. A comparative estimation of local anesthesia and narcosis with ether, fluothane, ntirogen monoxide during operative procedures in obese patients is given. It is believed that in patients with obesity for short-time operative procedures it is rational to use fluothane-nitrogen monoxide-oxygen anesthesia.


[Quantitative evaluation of the degree of intoxication in peritonitis by studying the migration activity of leukocytes]. In 40 patients with diffuse peritonitis of various origin the author has studied the migration activity of leucocytes in flat five-canal capillaries. There was found a distinct dependence between the level of intoxication and indices of leucocytes migration activity, namely the higher the level of intoxication and the less favourable is the course of peritonitis, the lower the indices of leucocytes migration. A rise in the migration activity of leucocytes coincides with clinical manifestations of the improvement. Studies were conducted prior to surgery and every two days till patient's discharge or death. The data obtained allowed a suggestion that the kinetics of indices of leucocytes migration activity can serve as a criterion for estimating the course of peritonitis and efficacy of the therapy employed. Application of the suggested test offers new opportunities for a comparative study of various methods of treatment for peritonitis.


[Endoscopy in the diagnosis of diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum]. The results of endoscopic studies in 948 patients with various diseases of the upper digestive tract are reported. It is the author's opinion that esophago-gastrointestinal endoscopy is the most informative method of diagnosing diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum.


[Motor function of the duodenum in patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis]. Calculous cholecystitis in patients is associated with considerable disturbances of the duodenal peristalsis, a hyper- and akinetic type of disorders in the motoricity being observed. Due to the results obtained in all patients with calculous cholecystitis an examination of the duodenal peristalsis should be recommended during the period of diagnostic studies.


[Kidney function after extensive resection of the intestine]. Experimentally on 52 dogs and clinically in 46 patients it was found that extensive enterectomy of the distal small intestine, in particular, would induce alterations in the renal function and grave disorders in kalium metabolism. In treatment of patients subjected to extensive enterectomy, it is recommended to use the therapeutic complex contributing not only to rehabilitation of the digestive function but also to normalization of the renal activity and blood water-electrolyte content, special attention being attached to a correction of kalium metabolism.


[Differential diagnosis of a round infiltrative tubercular focus and pulmonary tuberculoma]. Clinco-roentgenological findings were studied in 110 patients with ovoid tuberculous infiltrations of the lung, and these were compared with analogous observations of 409 pulmonary tuberculomas. Tuberculous infiltration is frequently of an ovoid shape, its greater diameter being directed along the pulmonary pattern, while a portion of its greater diameter being directed along the pulmonary pattern, while a portion of its contour is distinct and spheroid and directed distally. The reliable criterion of a developed tuberculoma is the symptom of flattening and its distinct peripheral contour, which is not infrequently also flattened.


[Bronchospirometric and rheographic characteristics of external respiration and hemodynamics of the lesser circulation in purulent lung diseases]. Using bronchospirometry and rheography the external respiration and hemodynamics of the minor circulatory circuit were studied in 164 patients with suppurative processes in the lung. Ventilatory-respiratory indices were found to be reduced in the affected and "healthy" lung. A correlative dependence between the gravity of respiratory disorders and the state of the minor circulation hemodynamics was proved statistically.


[Use of color thermography for diagnosis of thyroid diseases]primenie tsvetnoĭ termografii dlia diagnostiki zabolveaniĭ shchitovidnoĭ zhelezy. 121 patients with different affections of the thyroid were examined by the method of color thermography. In patients with signs of hyperthyroidism or inflammation of the thyroid a local skin hyperthermia of the anterior jugular surface was observed. In the presence of euthyroid or hypothyroid struma skin temperature changes are either entirely absent, or there is a moderately pronounced local hypothermia. Cancer of the thyroid, as a rule, causes a more pronounced local skin hypothermia on the anterior jugular aspect.


[Mechanism of contusion injuries of the lungs in gunshot wounds of the upper part of the abdomen]. The authors have studied experimentally changes in the lung in gunshot injuries of the upper abdomen. A temporary pulsating cavity, that is formed at the moment of injury, renders a damaging effect on the pulmonary tissue, thus contributing to the development of postcontusion pneumonia.


Intrahepatic cholestasis in a dog: a clinicopathological study. The paper describes a case of jaundice in a three-year-old bassett hound. The illness was accompanied by hyperbilirubinaemia and raised serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, indicating the presence of both biliary obstruction and hepatocellular damage. Examination of liver biopsies on two occasions showed intrahepatic cholestasis and mild inflammatory change. The dog was treated with corticosteroid. The jaundice regressed after three months, hepatic functions returned to normal and the dog recovered. The cause of the jaundice was not determined.


[Study of the activity of erythrocyte cholinesterase in healthy and dipterex-poisoned sheep and cattle]. Determined were spectrophotometrically the normal values of the erythrocyte cholinesterase of a total 272 sheep and 120 cattle under normal conditions. In sheep the average value of the enzyme activity was within the range of 82 +/- 2.44, and in cattle it was 146 +/- 6.13 units. Experiments with 55 sheep, given dipterex orally at rates of 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg liveweight each revealed that the activity of the enzyme was below the lower normal value limit. The markedly expressed inhibition of the erythrocyte cholinesterase was invariably accompanied with the clinical manifestation of organic phosphorus intoxication. In some of the treated sheep there lacked clinical symptoms of poisoning, although the activity of the erythrocyte cholinesterase showed values ranging under the lower normal limit. It is believed that the inhibition of the enzyme activity may well be referred to as the preclinical symptom of poisoning with organic phosphorus compounds, which, however, is not indicative of the severity of the disease in all cases. As there is no correlation between the clinical manifestation of the intoxication and the inhibition of the enzyme activity animals suspicious of organic phosphorus intoxication are to be studied in terms of the inhibition of their erythrocyte cholinesterase activity.


[Comparative testing of methods for the control of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines on guinea pigs]. It was found that the so-called direct methods for the control of vaccines give better idea about the immunogenic properties of the F. M. D. vaccines. The direct method for the determination of the value for guinea pigs is to be preferred to the method determining the protection index C, and is convenient, fast and readily applicable in terms of economy and preciseness. Discussed is the problem of employing the method in the research and production activities under laboratory conditions.


[Recuperative processes in experimental Heterakis infections in chickens]. Studied were the recuperation processes in birds with Heterakis infection induced with the administration of 300 infective Heterakis eggs per bird, followed by phenotiazin worming at various intervals. It was found that the reconvalescence period sets in sooner and more effectively with the earlier removal of helminths, but not later than the 35th day after infection. The erythrocyte and leukocyte counts were found to come back to normal soonest, while the weight gain, the amount of hemoglobin, the percentage of pseudoeosinophiles and the gamma-globulins were normalized less quickly, and the total protein and the percent of lymphocytes were not normalized at all. Following Heterakis infection there set in changes in the organism which remain even when worming is carried out as early as the first days after the infection. Thirty-five days after the infection with Heterakis such changes were close to those which could not be involved in the reminiscence processes. On the sixtieth day of the infection process recuperation was impossible, and worming did not result in the removal of the helminths in connection with development of chronic typhlitis. It is suggested to undertake worming at intervals not longer than thirty days.


[Study of the outcome of pregnancy in sheep with positive serologic reactions to toxoplasmosis according to the complement fixation test]. Studied were five flocks of 240 sheep each. It was found that prior to impregnation the positive complement-fixation test (c. f. test) reagents varied from 16 to 61 per cent with titers ranging from 1:50 to 1:10. Abortions, however, were established only in two of the flocks consisting of young sheep, aged 3 and 4 years, at the first or second lambing. The abortions took place in the fourth month of pregnancy. In one of these flocks having 43 per cent positive reagents there were 40 per cent returns, and 28 of the ewes miscarried, 12 of them being positive for toxoplasmosis. In the second flock there were 61 per cent positive reagents, and 9 of the ewes miscarried, 5 of them being positive for toxoplasmosis. In the remaining three flocks consisting of 5-year-old sheep there were no abortions. The ewes that miscarried and were positive for toxoplasmosis showed a rise in their serum titers: from 1:40 on the 15th day after the abortion to 1:80 on the 30th day. It is believed that in these sheep the abortions are not due to toxoplasmosis, and in sheep flocks with a high percent of positive toxoplasmosis reagnets there may not be abortions.


[Effect of intramuscular and oral use of antianemic iron preparations in suckling pigs]. Comparative studies were carried out on the effect of the application of a ferrodextran preparation (A-100),  muscularly, and the oral administration of urzoferruvit and taferon-tablets to pigs. The result was read by the changes in the body weight, the hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and reticulocytes. It was established that the muscular application of A-100 at the rate of 0.1 Fe3+/kg prevents ferrodeficiency anaemia and affects favourably the growth of pigs. The oral application of the other two preparations at 0.4 Fe3+ and 1.28 Fe2+ (bis in die) does not prevent anaemia in all treated pigs, and they are inferior to the ferrodextran preparation in terms of utilization and effect on the growth of the animals.


[Chloride levels in the estral secretion and the fertility of cows]. Studied was the chloride content of the estral secretion of cows at their insemination. It was found that chlorides vary from 351 to 1130 mg% on an average. In 90 per cent of the cows the chloride content varied within the 701-1200 mg% range. There is certain correlation between the chloride content and the conception rate of cows. The latter had highest values in cases where chlorides ranged from 701 to 800 mg%.


[Effectiveness of potassium iodide in ovarian cysts in cows]. A trial was carried out with the treatment of a total of 64 cows having ovarial cysts. Thirty-one of the animals were given potassium iodate in the course of seven days at rates of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9g with the concentrates, and thirty-three were offered potassium iodate at the same rates in the form of a 1 per cent solution. The medical treatment was performed along with the study of the blood serum for total protein and protein fractions, and the examination of the thyroid activity by means of the factor F after the Modestov-Arsenyev's method. The following conclusions were made: 1. The administration of potassium iodate with the concentrates for 7 days at the rates mentioned above produces a good therapeutic effect, is fully absorbed (as found in the cysts content), and total conception amounts to 86.6 per cent. 2. The albumin level in the serum rises by 1.9 per cent in cows given potassium iodate with the concentrates, and by 1.7 per cent in cows given potassium iodate as a 1 per cent solution. 3. Factor F shows decrease by 28 per cent in animals treated via the concentrated fodder, and by 38.6 per cent in cows offered potassium iodate as 1 per cent solution.


[Changes in the liver mitochondria due to gamma-ray irradiation of hen embryos and chickens]. Studied were the changes in the activity of the mitochondria-specific enzyme malatedehydrogenase (MDH) and the ATP content in the liver of chick embryos and chickens irradiated with 1000 rad. The total activity of MDH as well as the content of ATP dropped and the 'free' activity of MDH rose, but such was not the case of 20-day-old embryos. These changes were most pronounced in 12-day-old embryos. This showed that the changes in the mitochondria depend on the stage of embryonic development.


[Possibilities of differentiation of the specific positive reactions for pullorum disease]. Studied were sera obtained from three groups of birds experimentally infected with Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum. Salmonella enteritidis, and Salmonella heidelberg, resp., using the whole serum agglutination reaction, the slow test-tube reaction (at 37 degrees and 50 degrees C), and the agar gel precipitation reaction as modified by Aoki as well as the spot-test of Williams. It was found that with the use of a typhus antigen it is not possible to differentiate the positive coagglutination reactions between Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and the Salmonella bacteria of the B and D serologic groups. Differentiation of the coagglutination reactions between Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and the bacteria of B serologic Salmonella group was effected through exhaustion of the sera with Salmonella-gallinarum pullorum after Castellani, followed by the study with an O-test antigen of Salmonella heidelberg.


[Comparative study of various antigens of D. filaria by disc electrophoresis]. Somatic and functional antigens of Dictyocaulus filaria were comparatively studied by means of disk electrophoresis. Established were the protein fractions of the different antigens. The preliminary fractionation of the antigens on Sephadex G-200 made it possible (at a second concentration and separation through disk electrophoresis) to obtain fewer, but richer and better distinguishable fractions each one of which could be used alone as a specific antigen. The complement-fixation test, the indirect hemagglutination, and the latex agglutination reaction revealed that most specific and sensitive proved the antigen obtained after Stewart (II fraction), this method being more sensitive and specific, as compared with others. The c. f. test performed with this antigen gave consistently better results showing higher titers as against other antigens.


[Fructose and the fructolysis index in bull semen]. The fructose content and the fructolysis index were studied in the semen of bulls. It was established that the value of the index depends upon the age. Highest values were found with the semen of 2-year-old bulls (3.23 +/- 0.13), and lowest were the values in bulls aged from 5 to years (2.49 +/- 0.12). It was also found that in September-October the fructolysis index is higher than the values in March-May. No differences were observed with the content of fructose.


[Study of Dermanyssus gallinae as a carrier of Pasteurella multocida]. Microbiologic studies and biologic experiments revealed that Pasteurella multocida persists in the body of Dermanyssus gallinae mites after these engorge with blood from infected birds. Depending on the temperature of the environment the carrier status was shown to last from 42 to 64 days. It is reported that the red mite acts as a vector and does not transmit Pasteurellae directly. However, the parasite is potentially hazardous in maintaining and passing on the infection through other indirect routes. Carrier status has been established in naturally infected Dermanyssus gallinae mites.


[Role of ticks of the species Argas persicus Oken, 1818, in the epizootology of pullorum disease in birds]. Studies was the role played by ticks of the Argas persicus species in the epizootiology of pullorum disease in birds. Use was made of microbiologic, radiometric, and autoradiographic methods to follow up the period of carrying Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum, the localization and routes of elimination of the causative agent as well as the possibility of transmitting the infection by ticks. The pathogen was found to persist in the alimentary tract for a long time (at least 8 months--as long as the observation period lasted) without altering its pathogenicity, being excreted through the feces. No Salmonella-carriers were found among ticks in pullorum infection foci, and this points to the fact that their part as disease-transmission factors is limited. Regardless of what has already been established, however, the long term of harbouring pathogenic Salmonellae by ticks necessitates the organization of sanitation measures including such which aim to destroy the ticks on infected poultry farms.


[Trends in Ixodides fauna along the Black Sea in the south]. A total of 55726 Ixodes ticks were collected from farm and wild animals on the territory of Bourgas district in the 1958-1964 period and were specifically differentiated. At a later study in the region of the town of Michourin other 26722 ticks were collected from sheep. A total of 15 species were determined. It was found that Ixodes ricinus in the East Balkan Mountain to the north of the town of Nessebur develops after a three-year pattern in pure populations of larvae, nymphs, and imagoes, the peak periods being autumn and spring. The tick-induced paralyses in sheep and goats in this region were due to I. ricinus. A year-round occurrence was established of ticks of the H. plumbeum, I. ricinus, H. punctata, and R. bursa species parasitising in animals. The Ixodes fauna in the Michourin region, where the pastures in 1971 were grazed only by sheep, shows the following trends: H. punctata and R. turanicus ticks, which are preferably parasitising in sheep, increase their relative share. R. bursa, D. marginatus and I. ricinus, which, besides sheep, have also other hosts among farm animals, have lowered their relative share, however, still remain at a comparatively high level. No further decrease is expected in this respect. The H. plumbeum species occurs less frequently, and its level may drop further or remain as it is now. H. inermis has strongly decreased in numbers. It is expected, however, to persist at the present level. B calcaratus has not been found in sheep in the Michourin region. Maybe sporadic cases in single sheep would not be an exception provided it parasitises in wild animals (does).


[Biochemical and serological study of mycoplasma isolated from milk in cases of mastitis]. Studied were biochemically and serologically a total of 10 Mycoplasma cultures isolated from milk of mastitis-affected cows (clinical and subclinical forms). The organisms were differentiated as belonging to Mycoplasmataceae (M. alkalescens species), and Acholeplasmataceae (A. laidlowii species). Demonstrated was also the presence of mixed cultures including M. alkalescens and A. laidlawii. The organisms specified as A. laidlowii showed atypical properties so far as some biochemical indices were concerned.


[Influence of the biological activity of substances on the puerperal period and fertility of cows]. Experiments were carried out to shorten the service period and increase the conception rate in 304 cows under productional conditions with the use of drugs, hormonal means, and preparations producing unspecific effects on the reticulo-endothelial system, immediately after giving birth. It was found that: the parenteral treatment of cows one to three hours following calving with 200,000 IU vitestrol and 15-20 IU hypophysin, on the one hand, and (after the removal of the placenta) the infusion into the uterus of 1-2 g chloramphenicol, 15 g ac. citricum of Na citricum and 0.2 g pilocarpinum hydrochloricum, emulsified in 20-30 cu. cm oil emulsion of vitamins A, D3 and E, and the injection by the fifth day after calving of 30-40 cu. cm of tissue emulsion prepared after Filatov with the use of bovine liver or swine embryos, on the other, decreased the "independences" period with 7.01 days, the service period -- with 27.50 days, and the index of insemination -- with 0.60. At the same time the conception rate resulting from the first insemination rose by 25.20 per cent as compared to the untreated animals. The prophylactic veterinary treatment of cows thus contributed in decreasing the cases of retentio secundinarum after calving by 6.2 per cent, and the cases of acute endometritis -- by 12.9 per cent. Treatment of cows after calving, using hormonal, chemiotherapeutic, and biogenic stimulators, contributes, along with other means to raise the annual number of calves per 100 cows up to ten.


[Dynamics and causes of mortality in poultry in the Pleven district]. Studied were the various factors causing death and the dynamics of death in two broiler flocks, two parental flocks for broilers, and one flock of market egg layers. Death rate among broilers ranged between 2.17 and 2.98 per cent. It was highest during the first week after which it sharply dropped up to the end of the fattening period. In some flocks it again rose in the 4th to 6th of 8th week owing to the onset avitaminosis E, coccidiosis or Marek's disease. Noninfectious and deficiency diseases were prevailing in broilers. In the layers death rate varied within wide limits, ranging from 15 up to 23.75 per cent. It was highest during the first month and then sharply dropped. However, after the third month it again rose, reaching its maximum by the 6-7th month in connection with the outbreak of Marek's disease. In layers the infectious diseases were slightly prevailing, causing 51 to 57.39 per cent of the total number of deaths. Most widespread of the infectious diseases was Marek's disease, causing nearly 50 per cent of the deaths.


[Thiobarbiturate and peroxide numbers as an index of the state of frozen ocean mackerel]. Studied were the changes taking place in the fats of frozen mackerel according to its quality. The organoleptic evaluation performed by a standard method served as a basis of comparison. It was found that the fats of standard frozen ocean mackerel show a thiobarbiturate number after Kopecky (E/n X 10) ranging up to 10, and a peroxide number of up to 0.20% J2, resp. the index after Lea (ml 0.01n Na2S2O3 per gram of fat) being up to 1.60. The fats are extracted in a way that is based on Bligh and Dyer's method.


[Interbreed and interspecies variation in the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in cows and buffaloes]. Studied were for subclinical mastitis 3252 cows of the Bulgarian Brown breed, 1409 cows of the Bulgarian Simmenthal breed, 1082 cows of the Bulgarian Red cattle, 341 cows of the Iskar cattle, 1086 cows of the Black and White breed, and 418 buffalo-cows. Established were mathematically dependable variations with regard to the individual sensitivity to subclinical mastitis of the main cattle breeds reared in this country. Highest was the percent of subclinical mastitis in the cows of the Bulgarian Simmenthal breed - 28.22. Bulgarian Brown cows and the cows of the Bulgarian Red breed were equally affected with subclinical mastitis - 25.24 and 25.23 per cent, respectively. In the Iskar and Black and White cattle the values were 12.60 and 12.70 per cent, respectively, i.e., the per cent of subclinical mastitis was more than twice lower as compared with the first three breeds. Buffalo-cows showed high absolute and relative resistance both with regard to subclinical and to clinical mastitis.


[Study of immunity in coccidiosis in chickens experimentally infected with Marek's disease]. The immunity was studied against coccidiosis in birds that had preliminary been infected with Marek's disease. Results showed that birds infected with Marek's disease are unable to build up stable immunity against an oocyst infection of Eimeria tenella. The rate of mortality due to Marek's disease in birds infected with the virus of Marek's disease and additionally infected with oocysts of E. tenella was higher as compared with that in birds that were infected only with the virus of Marek's disease.


[Level of estrogens in the blood of swine during pregnancy]. Studied were six sows crosses of the White Bulgarian and the Landrace breed during pregnancy for the presence of estrogenic hormones in the blood. The blood was sampled on the 15th, 24th, 34th, 54th, 69th, 89th, 110th, 113th day and on the day following farrowing. It was found that up to the 54th day the level of hormones remains low, not surpassing 2.6 +/- 0.24 ng estron and 2.6 +/- 0.22 ng estradiol per 100 cu. cm plasma. After the 69th day the hormone level rises, and on the day prior to farrowing it reaches up to 286.6 +/- 33.48 ng estron and 8.9 +/- 0.69 ng estradiol in 100 cu. cm plasma. The blood level of hormones was found to drop abruptly reaching almost the same levels that were established at the beginning of pregnancy.


[Characteristics of bull semen].

[Characteristics of bull semen]. Studied were comparatively some morphologic, biochemical, and biological methods employed to characterize the biologic value of bull's semen. Particular attention was paid to the objective methods of evaluation. Reflected is the experience gained in this country as well as the author's personal experience in characterizing the ejaculates and storing 24-72 H semen at 0-4 degrees C and continuous storing at ultralow temperatures. Given are also the theoretic achievements on the problem, and a stress is laid on the applicability of the methods for evaluating the semen in the artificial insemination practice with cows.


[Arginine esterase, kalnikreine and antitryptic activities in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in dogs]. In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in dogs within seven days after immunization with encephalytogenic emulsion and in an acute period of the disease arginine-esterase and kallikreine activities were increased by 68% and 218%, respectively; antitryptic activity was simultaneously decreased in blood serum. If the symptoms of the disease were less distinct and also in animals, which were treated with Freund's stimulator, alterations in activity of the enzymes studied were found to be negligible.


[On the effect of immune and normal sera on catalase]. Effect of specific immune and normal sera on catalase was studied. The sera activated the enzyme, partially protected catalase against UV-irradiation and heating and also against the effect of inhibitors. Antibodies against catalase were observed in the fraction of 7 S gamma-globulins of immune serum. In studies of heat denaturation of catalase the stabilizing effect of immune serum was more distinct than the influence of normal serum and its protein fractions. In presence of serum protein fractions there was a correlation between the enthalpy of heat denaturation of catalase and decrease in specificity of the protein, in respect to the enxyme, associated with it in a complex. Alterations in enthropy compensated completely the decrease in enthalpy.


[Glycoproteins in rat blood serum and tissues and thiamine saturation of the body]. In blood serum and tissues of rats with alimentary and antimetabolic thiamin deficiencies content of glycoproteins was determined. The alimentary B1-avitaminosis caused a decrease in content of ceruloplasmin, hexosamines and sialic acids in blood serum and also of hexosamines in liver tissue and aorta. In dificiency of thiamin, caused by a single administration of hydroxythiamin, content of hexosamines and sialic acids were decreased in liver, pancreas and heart; in blood serum content of ceruloplasmin was decreased but that of glycoproteins was increased. Thiamin increased content of glycoproteins and sialic acids in blood serum and the content of sialic acids in liver tissue, but it decreased content of hexosamines in liver and pancreas. Content of the metabolites studied in animals, maintained on avitaminous diet, was normalized by means of repeated administration of thiamin during four weeks.


[Alterations in the isozyme spectrum and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in development of Ehrlich ascites tumor]. By means of polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis lactate dehydrogenase belonging only to the M-type was observed in mice liver tissue, muscles, ascite cells and ascites fluid in the course of development of Ehrlich ascites tumor. In the tissues studied and in the tumor the LDH type was not altered in the course of development of the tumor. At the same time the LDH activity was slightly decreased in muscles; in the terminal period it was increased in liver tissue; in ascitic cells or fluid it was increased in the course of development of the tumor. In blood serum the M-fraction was the main type of LDH. The M4 isozyme accounted for about 80% of the total LDH activity. The remainding 20% were distributed approximately equally between the other four isozymes. As the disease proceeded redistribution of isozymes occurred in the direction of the M-type. About 70% of the H-type LDH was found in heart; isozymes H4 and H3M accounted for about 35% each of the total LDH-activity. Direct relation was not observed between the alteration in the enzymatic activity and the LDH isozyme spectrum in tumor and tissues of animals with developing Ehrlich ascites tumor.


[Metabolism of collagen in infectious nonspecific (rheumatoid) polyarthritis]. Distinct impairments in collagen metabolism were observed in infectious (rheumatoid) polyarthritis. The impairements were manifested as increased excretion of hydroxyproline with urine and increased content of protein bound hydroxyproline in blood plasma and synovial fluid; the impairements increased with an increased in severity and abundance of pathological process in connective tissue. After successful treatment of patients (surgical operation, combined with complex antirheumatic treatment) content of the collagen metabolites was decreased in biological fluids; this decrease was not observed if the inflammatory process in the connective tissue was present.


[Effect of ethanol on stability of cell membranes in experiments using isolated liver]. Effect of ethanol on functional activity of isolated perfused rat liver was studied (rate of O2 utilization, absorption of bromosulpholeine from perfusate, bile formation); total activity and activity in supernatant of nine marker enzymes were also determined (malate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase, arylsulphatases A and B, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, acetylesterase, glucoso-6-phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase). Activity of the enzymes was simultaneously studied in perfusate. Ethanol (0.5%) caused distinct impairement in functional activity of isolated liver; rate of bile formation and absorption of bromosulpholeine from perfusate were primarily altered. Degree of impairements in functional activity of liver tissue correlated with the concentration of ethanol in perfusate. In analysis of correlation between the total activity of the enzymes in liver tissue and their activity in supernatants and perfusate it was shown that the concentration (1%) of ethanol used did not produce damaye effect on plasma membranes and membranes of subcellular structures of hepatocytes, but, within certain limits, it displayed a stabilizing effect.


[The state of the neural apparatus of cutaneous hemangiomas in children of different ages]. The work was undertaken to study the innervation of 120 skin hemangiomas in children aged from 1 month to 14 years. The data obtained have made it possible to conclude that shifts occurring in hemangioma are manifested by alterations in its nervous apparatus. The growth of hemangioma is accompanied with its hyperneuria, a delay in the tumor growth, its involution - by nerve destruction up to the state of hypo- and aneuria.


[Determination of tumor infiltration of the bronchial wall in lung cancer]. In the article, a new method of diagnosing the extent of the tumor spread in the bronchial wall without involvement of the mucosa (a peripbronchial form of the growth) is described. The method consists of two components - angiography of bronchial arteries with subsequent injection of a staining material in the corresponding bronchial artery and bronchoscopy, by means of which staining of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tree is observed. In case of tumor infiltration of the bronchial wall staining was absent completely or partially. A clinical trial of the method indicated its high efficacy.


[Comparative evaluation of 2 methods for the determination of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in tissues in avitaminosis B 1 induced by various methods]. A method for determination of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in mitochondria and tissue homogenates was developed. The method was based on a spectrophotometric monitoring of p-nitroaniline acetylation under conditions required to ensure correct stoichiometric course of the reaction. In rat tissues absolute amounts of the enzyme activity, determined by the method, were found to be several-fold lower as compared with the values determined by the conventional ferricyanide method. Within 24 hrs after a single administration of hydroxythiamin into rats (400 mg per 1 kg of body weight) the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was decreased 1.5-fold in heart (as estimated by the reaction of p-nitroaniline acetylation) and did not alter in liver tissue. While if the determinations were carried out by the method of terricyanide reduction the enzyme activity was decreas 7- and 2-fold, respectively, in heart and liver tissue. The data obtained suggest that hydroxythiamin impaired reactions of electron transport in tissues; on the other hand, the data obtained showed that the method for determination of the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, based on the acetylation reaction, was more specific than the conventional method which involved measuring of ferricyanide reduction.


[Pyruvate kinase from kidney medulla of rabbits in insulin deficiency]. A decrease in activity of pyruvate kinase by 43% in kidney medulla was observed in rabbits, which lasted for 10-16 days. In kidney medulla of rabbits with alloxan diabetes the pyruvate kinase activity was increased by 39% as compared with control animals.


[Simultaneous estimation of catecholamines and serotonin after purification on ion exchange resin]. A general fluorimetric method was developed for determination of noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine and serotonin in a single sample. Purification of samples was carried out on columns of Dowex 50X4 and 10 in sodium form. As judget by an internal standard the yield of noradrenaline and adrenaline was about 90% and of dopamin -- about 75%. Serotonin was determined by means of a condensation reaction with ninhydrin. A more stable fluorescence of serotonin samples was provided by an increase in warming-up time up to 55 min. Treatment of control probes with iodine solution permitted to eliminate an unspecific fluoresence of the tissues studied. The yield of serotonin was about 75% as estimated by an internal standard.


[Use of immunologic tests in periodic preventive examinations of workers involved in benzidine production]. In 95 workers engaged in benzidine production the results of the cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity response to the injection of tissue embryonal antigen were studied, 76 of them were additionally examined for application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Studies on the state of the immune response of the workers' organism were conducted in association with clinical and cytoscopic findings. The immunological tests applied during prophylactic examinations revealed, according to objective signs, a group of persons with immunological defects. And just in this group pretumor conditions and occupational vesical tumors were detected. The results of the authors' observations made it possible to recommend an application of the tests reflecting the state of cell immunity, to determine immunological defects in such workers as adjuvant methods for periodic prophylactic examinations.


[The method of simultaneous fractionation of main fractions of lysophospholipids and their diacyl derivatives]. Lysopholipids together with their diacyl derivatives were fractionated by means of thin-layer chromatography. High sensitivity and separation capacity of the method was due to the use of superthin layers of absorbent, obtained by prfcipitation and also owing to the use of horizontal flow chromatography in a special system of solvents.


[Elaboration of a long-term program of international cooperation in the area of oncologic research]. In the USSR the coworkers of the Oncological Research Center of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences and the Institute of Control Problems of the USSR Academy of Sciences are actively participating in elaboration of a long-term program for international cooperation in the field of oncological research and its information provision, based on a systemic approach to it. A list of most perspective trends in the field of oncological researches is made. An original system of selective propagation of the information among the participants of the program was worked out. Some methodological approaches to the working out and realization of the long-term program are formulated.


[Correction of endocrine-metabolic disorders in oncologic patients. The effect of biguanides (phenformin and adebita), miskleron and diphenin]. The study was conducted on 40 patients previously operated upon radically for cancer of the mammary gland, uterine body, lung and colon. All patients were explored and treated during 2-14 months. As evidenced by the data obtained, biguanides proved to be mostly effective with regard to normalization of an excessive weight in oncological patients and an impared tolerance to glucose, whereas myscleron-in cases of hyperlipemia with marked hypercholesterinemia, diphenin - in a concomitant excessive production of corticosteroids. Moreover, the pharmacological drugs concerned were shown to influence also the production of gonadotropic, steroid and thyroid hormones.


[The kinetics of accumulation and elimination of the antitumor preparation tomizine-35 S]. On rats with sarcoma M-1 the peculiarities of accumulation and elimination of the folic acid antagonist-pyrimido (4,5-b), (1,4) thiazinon-35S, called "thomizine", have been studied. In travenous injection of thomizine-35S with the activity of 5 muc per animal the highest initial concentration of radioactivity was observed 5-15 minutes after the injection. While decreasing, the radioactivity absorption coefficients in organs were distributed as follows: the kidneys, pancreas, organs of the endocrinous system, lymph nodes, the stomach, liver, small intestine, brain. Thomizine-35S accumulation in rat organs proceeded not only on account of its intake with blood but also due to penetration and subsequent deposition in structural tissue elements. Lessening of radioactivity in the organism of rats was dependent exponentially. Elimination of the drug was realized mainly via the kidneys. 89 per cent of the absorbed radioactivity was eliminated from the organism with a period of semielimination of 1 hour, 11 per cent - with a period of semielimination of 36 hours.


[Determination of the effectiveness of antiblastic chemotherapy by morphologic signs of tumor cell damage]. All known morphological signs of cell dystrophy are systematized. Each cell was described according to multiple morphological signs (100 cells in each specimen); 20 000 tumor cells in carcinomatous exudates of patients with different localizations of malignant tumor were studied during the course of treatment, and 9 100 cells of experimental Brown-Pearce tumors were subjected to various effects. There were revealed more informative signs for judging the efficacy of treatment in patients. Based on more informative signs, which proved to be nucleoli signs, the indices for nucleoli were elaborated to determine the degree of tumor cells injury and to estimate the efficacy of treatment of patients by means of alkylating antiblastic substances. A semiautomatic set "Cytoclassificator" was employed for the study.


[Ultrastructure of the cellular elements of mouse rhabdomyosarcoma]. The ultrastructure of different types of cell elements of rhabdomyosarcoma clones induced by 20-methylcholanthrene in mice CC57W is described. Along with general signs of a decreased differentiation typical for blastic cells of different histogenesis (rough endoplasmic reticulum, an abundance of free ribosomes, etc) some types of cell elements of myoblasts are characterized by specific features such as the character of anastomoses, fibrillary structures, etc. Morover, as a pathognomonic sign for tumorous myoblasts at the ultrastructural level could be only the presence of myofibrils with periodic aggragations like Z-bands in their cytoplasm. Since within one clone population both cells with and without myofibrils were encountered, the absence of the latter should not be considered to be a criterion for denying the myogenic nature of such cell elements.


[The carcinogenic action of 1,3-diiminoisoindolin (phthalogen)]. In experiments on mice CC57 and rats (the Rappolovo nursery) the effect of continuous phthalogen injections (from 325 to 467 days) was studied. 36 rats and 99 mice survived the terms of appearance of the first tumors. Average total doses of the drug in subcutaneous injections in the experiments on rats -321-630 mg, while in the experiments on mice - 3,5-5,21 mg, in cutaneous applications - 31 mg per mouse. In the experiments with subcutaneous phthalogen injections tumors arose in 65%, including  leucoses - in 54%. These figures exceed nearly twice the corresponding control values. Pulmonary tumors (adenocarcinoma and sarcoma in four cases) were observed at the site of the drug injection. In the experiments on rats sarcomas were found in 9 cases at the site of the injection of the substance. In one rat renal adenocarcinoma developed. The data obtained indicate a weak carcinogenic action of phthalogen.


[Functional-morphocytochemical changes in the liver in cancer of organs in the pancreatoduodenal zone]. In 76 patients with cancer of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal zone the functional state of the liver and its morphocytochemical structure were studied during the operation and postoperatively. A considerable impairment of functional tests of the liver, its enzymic activity, mineral metabolism and the microelements content was revealed. Simultaneously with functional-enzymic disturbances in the liver also morphocytochemical changes were found to be pronounced.


[The relationship between several biological properties of tumors and their metabolism]. Cytochemically, in smears-impressions of gastric and pulmonary tissue the authors studied alpha-glycerophosphate (a GPDH), succinate (SDH) and dihydroorthate (DDG) dehydrogenases that gives one an idea on the activity of energetic processes and initial stages of nucleic acid synthesis. It seems that a quantitative cytochemical analysis of the enzymic profile of tumor will allow some suggestions as to a capacity of tumors to metastasize and a degree of resistance to the therapy employed.


[The effect of 11-deoxycortiocosterone acetate on the antitumor activity of prospidin]. Male rats with sarcoma 45 being intact with respect to the adrenal gland and thyroid were subjected to bilateral adrenalectomy or thyroidectomy. The experiments have indicated that 11-desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) injected intramuscularly in the dosage of 30-45 and 80-90 mg/Kg daily during 6-8 days (terms of observation-14-16 days since the moment of tumor transplantation) lessens the antiblastic effect of prospidine (injected intraperitoneally in the same dosage and regimen), especially in an impaired mineral metabolism, caused by adrenalectomy. The growth of sarcoma 45 was found to be retarded in bilateral adrenalectomy or thyroidectomy in rats. Epinephrectomized animals showed the entire absence of this effect in DOCA injection. In thyroidectomized and adrenalectomized animals the antiblastic effect of prospidine was more pronounced than in intact (with respect to the thyroid and adrenal gland) rats.


[Induction of stomach tumors in rats by N-methyl-N-nitroso-N1-nitroguanidine]. N-methyl-N-nitroso-N'-nitroguanidine was administered as drinking water to Wistar strain and non-inbred male rats in the dosage of 100 mKg/ml for 7 months, Adenocarcinomas of the stomach were produced in about 70% of rats. The first tumors in the glandular stomach were noticed in 10-12.5 months. Studies of the kinetics of morphological changes indicated that MNNG induced a damage to the mucous membrane, subsequent regenerative hyperplasia, adenomatous hyperplasia with cellular and structural atypism, atrophy, pylorization of the mucosa and development of gastric adenocarcinomas.


[Rehabilitative and supportive therapy for oncologic patients]. The results of treatment in 674 oncological patients in a special department of accessory therapy have been studied. The patients admitted were previously subjected to various kinds of radical surgery. The analysis has evidenced that due to a careful dynamic exploration of patients and pathogenetic therapy with a protective regimen and labor therapy, the results of surgical treatment in patients with cancer of the stomach, lung and mammary gland were found to be considerably improved. This is especially evident from observations over patients with lung cancer. Among 168 patients followed up since 1965 up to date 126 patients (75%) show no signs of tumor recurrence. Thus, there can be no doubts as to the rationality of further elaboration of rehabilitation measures in oncological patients.


[Breast cancer in children].

[Breast cancer in children]. Cancer of the mammary gland in children is an extremely rare affection. According to the data of the N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology among 6500 patients with breast cancer, treated clinically, cancer of the mammary gland in children was revealed only in three cases (0.046%). The clinical course and prognosis of mammary cancer in children is more favourable than in adults. A possibility of development of regional and distant metastases in mammary cancer in childhood warrants the need to perform adequate both local-regional (radical Holstead mastectomy) and general procedures (chemotherapy).


[An autoradiographic study of adenocarcinoma of the stomach]. Sixteen cases of human stomach adenocarcinoma were studied, using the in vitro incubation in H3-thymidine medium. The portion of cells synthesizing DNA (the label index) has been correlated with histological and clinico-anatomical characteristics. An average value of the label index for human stomach adenocarcinomas was 29.9% (14.1%--39.1%). Some dependence between the label index and level of structural-cellular atypism of tumor tissue and tumor size has been shown.


[The blood and urine concentration of 5-fluorouracil in patients with pancreatic neoplasms]. The kinetics of 5-fluoruracil concentration in blood and urine in 18 patients with cancer of the pancreas was determined in a regional and systemic method of its administration. The concentration of 5-fluoruracil in blood was found to be, as a rule, lower and the time of detection shorted after i/a (regional) administration as compared with i/i (systemic) one. Accordingly, less amount of the substance involved is excreted with the urine in regional chemotherapy. This allows an application of large single and sessional doses in insignificant general toxic effects and also gaining much better therapeutic effect.


[Humoral antitumor cytotoxins in patients with melanoma of the skin]. The level of humoral antitumor cytotoxins in sera of malignant melanoma patients has been studied by means of a cytotoxic test in vitro. The authors have shown a cytotoxic effect of sera of most patients on autochthonous tumor cells of melanoma. Hela cells were used as a control cell line. There was no cytotoxic effect of sera (of both melanoma patients and healthy donors) on Hela cells. The patients' sera cross-reacted in allogenic combinations of melanoma target cells and sera. Humoral cytotoxins against melanoma tumor cells have also been found tin sera of healthy donors.


[Universal approaches to the control of tissue radiosensitivity during radiation therapy of malignant tumors]. Approaches to the problem of the control over tissue radiosusceptibility, united by the common purpose--a need for selective increase of the intact tissues tolerance to overcome tumor hypoxia, are discussed. Such universal approaches include an application of radiation characterized by high linear wastes of radiation energy, methods of increased oxygenation of tumors, the use of electron sink compounds, and irradiation under conditions of hypoxia--hypoxiradiotherapy. The experiments conducted by the author and his collaborators with local irradiation of a number of transplantable mice tumors under general hypoxia, produced by inhalation of oxygen poor gaseous mixtures (5% O2+95% N2), have shown not only a selective protection of normal tissues, but also greater regression of tumors. The mechanism of the observed phenomenon is being suggested, and some prospects of hypoxiradiotherapy in the oncological clinic are discussed.


[Response of flowering plant seedlings to the action of N-nitroso-N-methylurea]. The influence of N-nitroso-N-methylurea on seedlings of two species of plants--Cucurbita pepo L., Helianthus annuus L.--was investigated. NMU was added in agar-agar, on which seedlings were growing. 0.02% concentration of NMU was used. In addition to the delay in growth and appearance of necrotic regions, also local overgrowth of cotyledons of C. pepo and overgrowth of hypocotyl and the base of cotyledons of H. annuus were observed. A histological analysis has shown that these swellings arise due to two processes: pathological hypertrophy and proliferation.


[Differences in the mechanisms of low-temperature and high-temperature processes in the formation of 3,4-benzopyrene during wood pyrolysis]. In 4 series of experiments a dependence between 3,4-benzpyrene (BP) output and the temperature of fir sawdust pyrolysis under isothermic conditions has been investigated. The experimental series differed in the duration of wood pulp particles stay in the reaction zone (tau). Also EPR spectra of pyrolysis products have been recorded. The experimental series did not differ in an output of ether extract from pyrolysis products, while BP output temperature curves in their shape were found to be largely dependent on tau: with an increased tau these curves definitely showed the maximum in the range of 300-350 degrees C and the BP output raised in the range of this maximum and also at the temperature of 600 degrees C. In the temperature range over 350 degrees C the character of dependence of the EPR signal value on temperature would correlate well with the temperature-dependent BP output, in the range of lower temperatures the EPR signal was not detected. The data obtained are considered as an evidence of two processes of BP formation in wood pyrolysis-a high-temperature process (temperature over 500 degrees C) and low-temperature one (300-350 degrees C). The high-temperature process seems to have the free-radical mechanism of BP formation, whereas in low temperatures it is evidently the result of a ion type reaction.


[The carcinogenic activity of small concentrations of nitrosodimethylamine when inhaled]. In experiments on Balb/c mice and Wistar rats the authors have studied the carcinogenic activity of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in daily inhalations of the drug in concentrations of 0.005 mg/m3 and 0.2 mg/m3 during 17 months for mice and 25 months for rats. In the concentration of 0.2 mg/m3 tumors would arise considerably earlier and in larger amounts than in control animals, as well as in animals inhaling NDMA in the concentration of 0.005 mg/m3 and not differing in this respect from control animals.


[The effect of local non-specific sensitization with 2,4-dinitrochlorbenzene on chemical carcinogenesis]. The induction of benzpyrene skin carcinogenesis was suppressed by repeated administrations of DNCB in C57Bl mice. DNCB was found to protect the development of the immunodepression induced by benzpyrene. The most appreciable effect was observed when DNCB applications were started two months before the benzpyrene administration. An insignificant inhibition or therapeutic effect was noted during later stages of the benzpyrene carcinogenesis.


[The effect of radiation therapy on the course of the tumor process in patients with laryngeal cancer]. The authors have studied the effect of radiotherapy on immune responsiveness in 36 patients with laryngeal cancer. The kinetics of variations in the skin cover bacterial picture, as well as some indices of nonspecific (anti-infective) humoral immunity (the titre of agglutinines, general bactericidity of blood sera against the proper staphylococci of the skin and the content of staphylococcic antitoxin) were followed up depending on dosage of irradiation. It was found that radiation therapy with the total focal dosage of 2000 rad in 72% of cases contributed to activation of protective forces of the organism; in larger doses (2001-8000 rad) of irradiation the indices of nonspecific immunity in every patient were found to be reduced.


[The secretory function of the stomach in pre-tumorous conditions and tumors]. The effect of 3-methylcholanthrene, pretumor and tumor changes in the stomach on its secretory function was studied on 38 rats. Gastric secretion was not found to change due to the presence of the carcinogen in the stomach or due to developing pre-tumor changes in it. However, the developing tumor would produce considerable shifts in gastric secretion towards achylia. Such a reduction in the secretion results from a diminished functional area of the stomach and, presumably, from toxemia phenomena.


[The frequency of tumor cell detection in the abdominal cavity during combined treatment of rectal cancer]. In 53 patients with rectal cancer, subjected to an intensive preoperative gamma therapy, and 14 patients, treated only surgically, washings from the abdominal cavity obtained intraoperatively were studied cytologically. Cancer cells were detected in every second patient of both groups. The frequency of their detection was conditioned by cancer localization in the rectum and a degree of its intraparietal spread. The data obtained indicate the efficacy of intensive preoperative irradiation that causes a radiation damage of tumor cells disseminated intraabdominally during the operative intervention.


[An electron-autoradiographic study of capillaries in malignant tumors]. Using electron microscopy the ultra structure of endothelial cells in malignant tumors (myogenic sarcomas), removed in 6 patients, was investigated. It was found that endothelial cells of blood capillaries in malignant neoplasms show some peculiar features in the basal layer structure and in formation of a multitude of orifices of various diameter in the capillary wall. Electron radiographic investigations of endothelial cells of a transplantable sarcoma strain in the experiment have evidenced a greater number of ribosomes in the cytoplasm and enhancement of the DNA synthesis in nuclei. These findings are indicative of increased proliferative properties of these cells.


[Characteristics of poly(A) rich RNA in human lymphocytes under normal conditions and in chronic lympholeukemia]. The presence of poly(A) containing RNA bound specifically to millipore filters, adsorbed on poly(U) cellulose and resistant to the pancreatic RNAs effect has been demonstrated in total RNA of human lymphocytes. These fractions show a DNA-like nucleotid content, a rapid turnover and they are characterized by sedimentation constants within the range of 9.5--15 S. On the average, 24.6 per cent of the applied initial radioactivity of total RNA is absorbed on membrane filters of normal lymphocytes, whereas from 13.3 to 23.3 per cent- in the poly(U) cellulose column. The study of lymphocytes total RNA in patients with chronic lympholeucosis has indicated a great heterogeneity in the content of poly(A) sequences rich RNA fractions.


[A comparative study of primary human cell cultures of diffuse goiter and cancer of the thyroid gland]. Cells obtained from non-malignified tissues (diffuse struma) in 83 of 100 cases formed a continuous layer consisting of monomorphous epithelioid cells possessing a high adhesive capacity. Cells obtained from thyroid adenocarcinoma (in 5 of 7 cases) showed lowered adhesiveness and did not form a monolayer. The culture consisted of polymorphous cells. Gigantic multinuclear cells and these with spheroid colorless inclusions in nuclei were encountered. In tripsinization of the tumor tissue obtained from patients, subjected to x-ray therapy, no growth of cell cultures was detected. Electron microscopic studies of nonradiated tumor tissue revealed light and dark cells, while these were light and degenerating in the irradiated tissue.


[Cranio-cerebral hypothermia and neuro-vegetative blockade in the systematic treatment of injuries to the skull and brain]. A method of neurovegetative blockade with and without cranio-cerebral cooling has been worked out to deal with patients with traumas of the cranium and brain of varying severity. Indications for application of the neurovegetative blockade and cranio-cerebral cooling, their intensity and duration have been defined. The application of these methods within the framework of a complex purposeful treatment of severe cerebrocranial traumas made it possible to substantially reduce the lethality among the patients and this pustified recommending it for wide clinical use.


[The functional state of the kidneys in severe cranio-cerebral injury]. The functional state of the kidneys in dynamics was investigated in 147 patients with severe cerebro-cranial injuries. Dynamic changes of the blood protein metabolites in patients with normal glomerular filtration and depressed one were contrasted. The declined glomerular filtration was found to be of a passing nature, being accompanied by an increased content of nitrous products in the blood. The relation of azotemia with both renal and extrarenal factors is stressed. A relationship between the glomerular filtration and an upset hemodynamics and dehydration, as well as the absence of its dependance on isolated respiratory distressed, changes in the level of plasmatic electrolytes and also on the nature of the brain lesion and the age of patients were established.


[Vestibular disorders in contusions of the temporal lobe of the brain]. An analysis of the caloric test results in 30 victims of a severe contusion-crush of the temporal lobe of the brain showed that to this type of pathology the common significant changes in the vestibular-oculomotor reflex which, more often than not, found their expression in the prevalence of an experimental nystagmus in the direction toward the affected hemisphere. The victims, in whom contusions of the temporal lobe were attended by lesions of the brain stem of the primary or dislocation genesis, demonstrated the presence of vestibular areflexia or dissociaton of the quick nystagmus phase. Against the background of a continual tonic component there would become evident gross functional disruptions of the oculomotor elements which in a number of cases proved unrecognizable with an ordinary clinical observation.


[The pathogenesis of increased intracranial pressure as a sequels of closed cranio-cerebral injury]. The results of investigations (roentgenological, isotopic, CSL-dynamics) made in 377 patients are reported. It has been ascertained that at the root of pathogenesis of intracranial pressure disturbances consequent upon cerebro-cranial traumas lie pathological changes in the ependyma and meninges, which lead to derangements of the hemo- and CSF-dynamics. At least four mechanisms particpate in their pathogenesis, viz 1) reduced resorptive capacity of the meninges; 2) partical occlusion on the routes of the CSF outflow; 3) dilatation of intracranial and diploic veins; 4) increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier.


[The phasic nature of the clinical course of traumatic intracranial hematomas]. A complex analysis of 315 cases of verified traumatic intracranial hematomas helped single out clinical phases marking their evolution, viz. compensations, sub-compensation, moderate decompensation, gross decompensation and terminal ones. A relation between the frequency of and sequence in the development of clinical phases of the brain compression by the hematoma and severity of the primary lesion of the brain at the moment of an injury was established. A direct connection between the results of the surgical treatment of intracranial hematomas and the clinical phase in which the patient underwent the operation was ascertained. A proposition is advanced as to an active diagnosing of intracranial hematomas by which is meant elimination of topical and nosological doubts and performance of an effective operation pre-emptive to the onset of a gross clinical decompensation of the injury.


[The value of direct blood transfusion in brain tumor surgery]. An analysis of 93 direct transfusions of the blood to 53 patients operated upon in connection with brain tumours is offered. The effectiveness of direct hemotransfusions both during surgery in cases of an acute hemorrhage and an abrupt fall of the arterial pressure and in the post-operative period, due to untoward changes in the biochemical blood indices and post-operative anemia, is demonstrated. Direct hemotransfusions produce a high therapeutic effect in cases of the blood-clotting system disorders and also in suppurative-inflammatory processes during the post-operative period. The practice of direct hemotransfusions made it possible to more effectively control the described disorders and to improve the outcomes of surgical treatment in dealing with brain tumours.


[A combined method of removing hourglass shaped neurogenic mediastinal-intravertebral tumors]. In cases of a pre-operatively diagnosed mediastinal tumour, but with no symptoms of its penetrating the vertebral canal via the intervertebral foramen, and with the surgeon suddenly discovering during anterio-lateral or lateral transpleural thoracotomy the tumor's spur going deep into the intervertebral foramen then it is a modification of the operation involving an effective removal of the mediastinal-intravertebral newgrowth, as described in this report, is most appropriate. This operation is performed in a single-stage fashion both on the level of the thoracic cavity and on that of the vertebral canal by undertaking a through examination of the intervertebral foramen from both sides. The authors believe this modification of the operative intervention to present advantages over the classical Guleke procedure, even in cases with an exactly established diagnosis of neurinoma, when one of its major node lies in the posterior mediastinum and the second--in the vertebral canal. Three cases in which this modification of the operation was applied with success are reported.


[Blood catalase activity in brain tumors during the postoperative period]. Proceeding from the current ideas on the significance of the catalase in the oxidative phosphorylation, oxygenation and desoxygenation of hemoglobin the activity of the above enzyme was studied in the blood of 60 patients with brain tumours. It was found that prior to a surgical intervention the catalase activity at the rate per 1 g of hemoglobin (the catalase index-CI) varied within the same range in patients with brain tumours of a different histological structure (meningiomas, adenomas of the pituitary, gliomas, metastases of cancer). The catalase index of the patients' blood does not differ from that in healthy individuals. In the post-operative period the catalase index rises right from the first days, paralleling the development of a general reaction to the damage. There exists a correlation between a fall in the level of hemoglobin and a rise of the catalase index, which apparently, has a compensatory significance. An investigation of the catalase in the clinical picture of the stress-syndrome may be of use for prognostic purposes.


[The diagnostic value of pneumotomoencephalography in patholigic processes in the region of the sella turcica]. The pneumotomoencephalographic procedure applied by the authors in pathological processes in the region of sella turcica is indicated in cases when during pneumocisternography the air fails to fully fill the chiasmal cisternae and it is impossible to obtain a clearcut idea about the presence and the size of the tumour. In such instances an additional introduction of 8--10 ml of air into the ventricular system permits it with a changed position of the patient's head to distinctly see on the tomogram the condition of the anterio-inferior portion of the III ventricle, which is the first to suffer from the compression or newgrowth proliferation in the region of sella turcica and in this way to obtain the primary roentgenological signs in the form of its filing defects. Pneumotomoencephalography was helpful in examining 74 patients with tumours in the region of sella turcica and suffering from sequelae of inflammatory affections. In all of these cases pneumotomoencephalography furnished better diagnostic results than did pneumocisternography. In the case of large-sized tumours compressing the CSF passages this procedure helps to readily establish the lower level of their occlusion.


[Some lipid metabolic indises in schoolchildren whose nutrition utilizes new products of increased biological value]. Issues concerned with a more rational nutrition of schoolchildren working under an elevated mental stress are discussed. The fat and acid composition of the rations was corrected by inclusion of new fatty, dairy and sour milk products enriched with vegetable oil. Some characteristics of the lipids metabolism in the blood serum of practically healthy children of different age categories were studied. In children of senior school age lipids metabolism was analyzed in dynamics against the background of a successive application of food rations differing in the fat and acid composition. A different dependance of these characteristics on nutritional factors was ascertained.


[Vitamin C allowance of sailors against a background of qualitatively varied nutrition]. The authors considered the problem on the issue relative to the requirements of sailors in vitamin C during tropical and arctic sailings. The objects of investigations were routine seagoing-dietary and a trial ration elaborated in conformity with the standard requirements in energy and in basic nutrients. Subject to determination were the vitamin C level in the blood and urine and the resistence of the capillaries. It has been found that within the framework of the trial ration the requirement of sailors for vitamin C comprises 100 mg in the Tropics and 150 mg in the Arctics per man/day.


[Metabolism of riboflavin and its nucleotides in rat liver subcellular fractions in alloxan diabetes]. In alloxan-induced diabetes the content of riboflavin and FMN goes up in all of the subcellular fractions and that of FAD in the nuclear liver fraction alone. While administration of insulin to control animals reduces the riboflavin and FMN level in all of the subcellular fractions of the liver, in the diabetic animals such a decline is observed in the nuclei alone. Insulin brings down the FAD level in the nuclear liver fraction of both the control and test animals. An additional introduction of riboflavin depresses and that of FMN - raises the FAD content in diabetic animals as compared to controls.


[Vitamin A and carotin content in the blood of children with lambliasis-induced cholecystitis]. The blood vitamin A and carotene content in normal children and the ones suffering from Lambia-induced cholecystitis was studied. In the sick children examinations were made in dynamics before and after administration of antilambliasis drugs and vitamin A ingested in an oil solution. In patients with Lamblia-induced cholecystitis the vitamin A and carotene content was found to be down by comparison with controls, this pointing to a deranged vitamin A and carotene metabolism in the organism of such patients. Upon instituting pathogenetic therapy and keeping the prescrived diet the vitamin A and carotene concentration in all these patients approached the normality.


[Nutritional characteristics and the prevalence of obesity among individual groups of the population in the Ukrainian SSR]. The prevalence of adiposity and nutritional status among the working population of seven regions in the Ukrainian SSR (teachers, workers engaged in the chemical, metallurgical, textile, wood-working industries and in agriculture) were studied. Only 44 per cent of males and 25 per cent of females were found to be of normal weight. Some surplus weight had 21 per cent of men and 26 per cent of women, 9 per cent of men and 21 per cent of women suffered from adiposity of the 1st degree and 2 per cent of males and 15 per cent of females had adiposity of the II degree. The nutrition of the obese was more rich in calories at the expense of bread-stuffs, potato, pure carbohydrates and some products of animal origin (fats). Overweight and obesity were observed more often among teachers of both sex and also among female-workers of cotton factories and smelters. The proportion of the patients with cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders was higher among the obese. These data witness the need for differentiation of nutritional standards depending upon the energy spent by the representatives of individual occupational groups of the population.


[Dynamics of the intake and utilization of orally administered 1,2-propanediol in glycogen synthesis in the rat liver]. The possibility of an isocaloric substitution of 1,2-propandiol for carbohydrates in the food ration of rats was investigated. The inclusion of propandiol as a synthetic source of food energy in the alimentation in an amount comprising 20 per cent of the overall calorific value of carbohydrates does not affect adversely the growth intensity, nor does it produce any materials upsets in the metabolism of test animals. With its oral introduction in a dose of 1 g per 100 g of weight 1,2-propandiol is quickly absorbed, its level reaching the maximum in the blood and liver after a lapse of 1 hour with complete metabolization in the organism over a period of 12 hours. In fasting rats 1,2-propandiol is utilized as a precurser in the synthesis of glycogen and when introduced by the intraperitoneal route it does not influence the rate of the liver glycogen synthesis from glucose. Daily oral introduction of 2 g of 1,2-propandiol per 100 g of body weight for a space of three and seven days, superimposed upon a carbohydrate-rich diet, brings about a fall of the liver reserve glycogen level.


[Characteristics of the nitrous substances in the meat of sharks and rays as a protein food raw material]. The nitrous composition of meat in 19 species of oceanic sharks and 2 species of rays were analyzed. The meat of these fish species was found to be characterized by a comparatively low protein content, whose amino acids composition proved relatively poor of essential amino acids. The meat of sharks and rays is distinguished by a high level of extractives, whose bulk includes urea and trimethylaminoxide.


[Role of hormonal and seasonal factors in the effect of vitamin E on cholinesterase activity in the nervous system]. Tests were set up on 73 Citellus fulvus to study the influence exerted by different doses of vitamin E (4 and 8 mg) introduced per os on the activity of the total cholinesterase in various divisions of the central nervous system and also the part played by the hormonal and seasonal factors in this effect. Each test series lasted 30 days (in spring, summer and autumn). The cholinesterase activity was determined after Vensen and Segonzak (1968). The results of the experiments revealed some characteristic trends in the change of the cholinesterase activity occurring under the effect of vitamin E that depended upon a number of factors, such as: the dose of tocopherol, the sex of the animal, time of the year, the brain division under study and the seasonal dynamics of the initial activity. It is shown that in the brain sectors where a material difference existed in the cholinesterase activity between the control males and females it vanished under the effect of tocopherol. On the other hand, in the brain sectors where no such difference existed, it appeared under the effect of tocopherol. The regular character of changes in the cholinesterase activity of the brain and spinal cord produced by different doses of vitamin E suggest the possibility of the brain cholinesterase activity disorders to a play a part in the development of neuro-muscular pathology in cases of the E vitamin deficiency.


[Some natural immunity indices in mice against a background of varied fat and carbohydrate correlations in the diet]. In mice of the SWR, C3HA, CBA/j and non-inbred lines kept on diets with different combinations of carbohydrates and fats some characteristics of the natural immunity (phagocytic activity of leucocytes, bactericidal and lysozyme activity of the blood serum) were studied. It is shown that the proportions of the fatty and carbohydrate components in the diet is of a definite significance for the defensive forces of the organism.


[Effect of total fasting on testicular lipid fractions in rats]. Rats weighing 290 g each were fasting for 12 days with no changes occurring in the weight of the testicles, total lipids, phospholipids, di- and triglycerides content therein. The cholesterol ethers level increased by 53 per cent and in the composition of di- and triglycerides and the cholesterol ethers the relative content of high-molecular polyunsaturated fatty acids was going up, while the fatty acids composition of the phospholipids remained the same.


[Study of the tryptophan-hydroxyproline coefficient of the meat of animals of different species]. The ratio of triptophan/oxyproline in the longest spinal muscle of different animal species was studied. The examined characteristic feature of meat of different animal species and sex is not identical. A substantial influence on the variation of this feature exercises the content in the meat of the connective tissue proteins.


[Redistribution and toxic action of DDT deposited in the body]. In tests on Wistar male-rats the toxic action and redistribution of the DDT repository in the fatty tissue were investigated. For this purpose a DDT depot was built up by introducing DDT in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg for a period of 6 months, following which the rats were made to fast for 20 days, this securing the egress of DDT from the depot. Furthermore, some of the rats, once the depot had been built up, were for 1 month put on a ration containing 5 per cent of protein and then subjected to fasting for 20 days, this having been done in order to study the toxic effect of DDT against the background of a diet with a low protein content. It was found that the amount of DDT retained in the organs and tissues (omentum, liver, brain) investigated in the test rats did not exceed 10 per cent of the quantity that had been introduced at the time of building up the depot. At the time of fasting there was noted migration of DDT from the fat depot, it being the same both in the test and control animals. But DDT coming from the DDT repository entered the liver and brain only in the test animals, provoking changes in the activity of a number of enzymes in these organs. A low protein diet somewhat intensified these changes.


[Effectiveness of taking prophylactic nutritional measures at Soviet stations in Antarctica]. A protracted consumption of little-mineralized water, as well as deficiency of calcium salts in the food result in a change of a number of indicators on the level of the water and salt and mineral metabolism in the organism of polar explorers, this manifesting itself in a reduced content of calcium salts in the blood and urine, in a change of the bleeding and blood coagulation time, of diuresis and water intake, acid-base equilibrium and of specific weight of the urine. All these changes occur also against the background of an insufficient supply of a complex set of vitamins into the organism, this being due to the fact that the foodstuffs are delivered to the station but once a year, stored for a long time and then subjected to sulinary treatment. An additional active vitaminzation with increased doses of vitamins and mineralization of the food right from the first days of sojourn at the station made it possible to eliminate all the undesirable consequences and to narrow the range of the acclimatization shifts in the body of polar explorers exposed to extremely unfavourable conditions prevailing in the Antarctic.


[Seasonal changes in the makeup of cod oil]. The vitamin A activity and the quantitative correlation of individual fatty acids in the liver oil of Barenz Sca cod were investigated. Seasonal changes of its composition and nutritional value were educed. The vitamin A activity varies according to seasons by more than twice each way and the content of dominant acids undergoes material changes. The greatest nutritional value has been found to display the medicinal cod liver oil of the fish caught during the autumn and winter months and the least - of that caught in spring and summer.


[Retinylpalmitate-hydrolase activity of the intestine in experimental lambliasis]. The retinylpalmitate-hydrolase activity in the small intestine of healthy and lambliae infected rats was determined. Infection of rats with Giardia lambliae is shown to result in a fall of the retinylpalmiate-hydrase activity, which is restored, in part, on application of a specific therapy (0.1 g/kg of chinacrine) and then practically does not differ from that in healthy animals, when the specific therapy is employed in conjunction with an elevated dose of the vitamin "A" (2000 m. u. of retinyl-palmitate per day).


[The activity of glutathione-reductase and FAD-effect as indicators of the riboflavin level in experiments and in patients with phenylketonuria]. Subjects of discussion in the paper are various methods of determining the riboflavin allowances and the results achieved by the application of two of them that concern determining the activity of the glutathione-reductase and the FAD-effect in the study of an experimental B2-deficiency in rats and the riboflavin allowances in children suffering from phenylketonuria. Exclusion of vitamin B2 from the ration of rats resulted in that in 8 weeks they developed B2-deficiency ascertained with the help of the above cited enzymatic tests. In a certain percentage of children with phenylketonuria after discontinued administration of group "B" vitamins (D1 diet) there could be observed an intensification of the FAD-effect and, accordingly, a reduced glutathione-reductase activity. Resumed taking of the vitamins (D2 diet) normalized the riboflavin allowance values in at least, one week's time.


[The effect of vitamins A and E on the amino acid composition of proteins in different segments of the brain in aged animals]. The amino acids protein composition was studied in different segments of the brain in young (1.5 month old) and old (23-months) rats. The research covered also a short-lived action of vitamins A and E on the amino acids protein composition in the brain of 23-months old rats. The levels of the glutamic, aspartic acids, lysine, serine, of the sum of valine+methionine was found to be down, whereas the content of other amino acids proved invariable. After vitamins A and E loads the glutamic and aspartic acids in the brain segments under investigation was found to be up. In individual segments the content of lysine, thyrosine, valine+methionine experienced a certain normalization.


[Free amino acids in human blood serum during endogenous alimentation]. It has been ascertained that the blood serum of individuals fasting for 20 days demonstrates a sharply pronounced derangement in the proportions of amino acids, i. e. a manifestation of an endogenous amino acids imbalance. The most steep is the rise in the content of isoleucine, leucine and valine. These data may be used in considering issues concrened with an upset metabolism of amino acids under conditions of endogenous alimentation.


[Clearance of endogenous creatinine and urea in pregnant women with late toxemia kept on a diet containing different amounts of protein]. Clearance of endogenous creatinine and urea was studied in 107 pregnant women at 7-9th months of gestation suffering from late toxemia and kept on a diet with different protein content. Investigations showed that introduction of protein with meals at a rate of 1 g/kg, 1.5 g/kg and 2 g/kg of the body weight does not act adversely on the functional state of the kidneys.


[Influence of riboflavin on xanthuria leveloping as a result of protein and choline deficiency]. In growing male-rats intensively excreting xanthuric acid under the effect of rations deficient in protein and choline the passage of riboflavin with urine was determined. A series of tests with deficient choline in conjunction with a well-marked protein shortage revealed an intensive passage of riboflavin. On the other hand, a series of tests with deficient choline against the background of a moderate protein shortage failed to show any difference in the passage of riboflavin by test and control anomals. A single administration of 200 gamma of riboflavin to rats helped bring down elevated concentrations of xanthuric acid in the urine.


[The effect of excess amounts of qualitatively differing fats on liver lipogenesis]. Tests conducted with rats receiving for 30 days isocaloric with control rations containing an elevated amount of animal or vegetable fats (lard, sunflower oil) demonstrated that the influence of the said fat-rich rations on the lipogenesis in the liver presents certain peculiarities that find their expression in a different intensity with which the components of the carbohydrate, fat and interstitial metabolism behave in reactions of the lipids synthesis. Both rations tend to slightly bring down the rate of the endogenous fatty acids formation but contribute to a more intensive synthesis of glycerides and fatty acids cholesterol ethers. The vegetable oils, where are prevalent polysaturated fatty acids, provoke an accelerated utilization of carbohydrates in the synthesis of the glycerin structure of glycerides and phospholipids, as well as of the palimitic acid metabolites and the C-2 fragments in the liver cholesterol synthesis.


[Oxidative conversion of vitamin "A" in rats with different allowances of it]. The effects of vitamin "A" insufficiency and of its toxic doses on the activity of alcoholdehydrogenase oxidizing retinol and ethanol and on that of aldehydoxidase, oxidizing retinal in the liver, kidneys and small intestine of rats were studied. It is shown that in case of "A"-vitamin insufficiency are on the rise processes of oxidative transformation of retinol and retinal associated with an increased activity of alcoholdehydrogenase and aldehoxidase. Against the background of toxic doses of vitamin "A" THe activity of alcoholdehydrogenase in the organs under investigation is inhibited and that of aldhydoidase in the small intestine rises.


[Experimental study of the action of some physical and chemical factors on the survival and propagation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in food products]. The paper presents data on the ability of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to survive and multiply under different conditions that may be encountered during storage and culinary treatment of food products. Investigations were effected in a nutrient medium and in alimentary products in which the survival terms of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. IV. Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in sea mud and sea fish in Hawaii. - secure an almost complete suppression of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus viability. Af greatest epidemiological danger is secondary contamination of food products with Vibrio parahaemolyticus.


[Lipid metabolism in the far North aborigens residing in the Krasnoyarsk territory]. A study of the fat metabolism in the Extreme North aborigens, whose ration is made up chiefly of proteins and fats, demonstrated a decline of the most studied metabolic indices, as compared to those in inhabitants of the temperate geographical belt. Results of a fat load test speak in favour of the organism of the Transpolar aborigens adapting itself to the specific composition of the food ration in the course of ontogenetic development.


[Hygienic study of a proteolytic preparation obtained from Actinomyces]. An enzymatic preparation rimoprotelin, obtained from Actinomyces rumosus was studied. The results of a microbiological control analysis showed the preparation to contain admixtures of oxytetracycline in an amoun of 950 Un/g. In a 9-months long test with albino rats the enzymatic preparation produced substantial interferences in the composition to the intestinal microflora and increased the incidence of bacterial cultures resistent to oxytetracycline. Morphological changes in the organs and tissues of the test animals, which were, apparently, conditioned by the presence of the antibiotic admixture in the preparation were revealed. This point to the need of a thorough purification of this enzymatic preparation from the oxytetracycline admixture and makes its use as a food additive in its original form imposssible.


[The effect of parenteral administration of amino acids and their mixtures the secretory activity of the stomach]. Experiments on dogs with gastric fistula after Basov and Pavlov pouch demonstrated that introduction into the blood by the drip method of solutions of L-amino acids and their mixtures tends to induce gastric secretion. This effect is produced by nonessential acids somewhat more intensively than by essential ones. A complete mixture of amino acids yields the least secretory effect. Among individual amino acids under study, taken in isomolar quantities, the most intensive gastric secretion induce glycin, alanine and proline. The least active in this respect proved to be lysine.


[Biological value of dietary fats containing trans-isomers of non-saturated fatty acids]. Biological significance of transisomers of non-saturated fatty acids contained in glycerides was studied in experiments with growing albino rats. For 12-13 weeks the animals recieved food rations that included by calorific value 30 per cent of hydrogenated fats comprising different amounts of fatty acids transisomers. The available data showed the biological value of the hydrogenated fats to be determined chiefly by the presence therein of active linolic acid, without being correlated with the content of the fatty acids transisomers in them.


[Isolation of halphilic vibrios in marine fishes and fish products]. Examinations of 882 samples of newly caught, frozen, salted, sun-dried and smoked marine fish and of 50 samples of canned fish and preserves were conducted to study the contamination with halophil vibrios of the marine fish and fish products. The newly caught fish was found to be contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus on the average in 28.6 per cent of the cases and with Vibrio alginolyitcus, on the average in 52.2 per cent of the instances. The Vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination of the marine fish during its processing and storage varied from 3.3 up to 21.7 per cent. The contamination of the fish was noted to be greatest in summer months. These microorganisms were not isolated in canned fish and preserves. In the course of research a total of 845 strains of halophil microorganisms were isolated, 240 of which were found to be similar to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The properties of the cultures isolated were studied.


[Differentiated diet therapy in chronic intestinal diseases with predominance of the dyskinetic constipations syndrome]. On the ground of clinical observations, studies on the motor-evacuatory functions of the gastro-intestinal tract and its regulation values in dynamics a differentiated dietotherapy and a special complex of exercise therapy have been devised for patients with chronic colites and enterites marked by predominance of constipation. Among basic principles of this dietotherapy were: the content of all nutrients corresponding to physiological standards with the amount of protein increased up to 135 g, creating conditions conducive to sparing of the stomach, pancreas, liver and biligenic organs through exclusion of strong stimulators of the digestive and bile secretion glands, of substrates irritating the liver, regulation of the motor-evacuatory function of the gastro-intestinal tract by a graded increase in the amount of cellular membranes, progressively rising parallel with weakening of the symptoms pointing to irritation of the gastro-intestinal tract organs. The complex set of physical exercises included: those of general tonic and improving the prelum abdominale muscles tonicity, mechanically stimulating the motor function of the stomach and the intestines, periodically changing the intra-abdominal pressure, both upwards and downward.


[Nutritional pattern of the "Komsomolskaya Pravda" Arctic expedition]. Data on the chemical composition, nutritional value and caloricity of food ration used by the "Komsomolskaya Pravda" expedition during ski marches in the Arctics are reported. The rations consisted chiefly of dehydrated products and weighed 800-1000 g. The daily caloricity of the rations amounted to 3400 and 4400 great calories.


Effects of shifts in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity during hypoxia. To investigate the possibility that the influence of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity on tissue oxygenation may be reversed in severe hypoxia, 16 anesthetized rabbits with chronically-implanted tissue oxygen electrodes were ventilated with 12% oxygen and subjected to 100 ml exchange transfusions with high, low, or normal affinity rabbit blood. Despite the widely divergent in vivo P50 values produced, significant differences in tissue oxygen levels were not observed among the three groups following exchange transfusions. During subsequent normoxia, more complete recovery of tissue oxygen was apparent in the low affinity group. This study emphasizes the need for further definition of the influence of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity on the functions of individual organs.


Cross-reactivity of monospecific anti-HL-A antisera. 32 'monospecific' anti-HL-A alloantisera were absorbed in separate tests with platelets from a maximum of 56 different persons and examined for residual cytotoxicity against target lymphocytes from one or two unrelated persons having the homologous (or test) antigen. Of the 799 combinations in which platelts had the test antigen, 715 (90%) were specifically inhibited; of the 720 combinations in which platelets had the cross-reactive antigen(s) (but not the test antigen), 417 (58%) were specifically cross-inhibited; and of the 1,839 combinations in which platelets had neither the homologous nor a discernable cross-reactive antigen, 133 (7%) were cross-inhibited 'nonspecifically'. Earlier findings of cross-reactivity were confirmed, and results suggested that HL-A1, HL-A10 and W30 on platelets may cross-inhibit anti-HL-A2 antibodies; HL-A7 and W21 may cross-inhibit anti-HL-A5 and anti-W5 antibodies; W16 may cross-inhibit anti-HL-A5 antibodies; and W22 may cross-inhibit anti-HL-A13 antibodies.