Reduced transplantability of syngenic mouse tumors superinfected with membrane viruses in nu/nu mice. Transplantability of mouse tumors superinfected with various kinds of membrane viruses was investigated in syngeneic hosts. Methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas in BALB/c mice, Meth A, and in C57BL/6 mice, BMT-, superinfected with Friend lymphatic leukemia virus in mice given neonatal injection of the virus, grew more slowly than uninfected tumors. The retardation of growths was not observed in mice that had been given injections of the virus at birth. Similarly, Meth A and a hepatoma in C3H/He mice, MH134, superinfected with Moloney murine sarcoma virus in nu/nu mice, had reduced their transplantability in respective syngeneic mice. Further, Meth A and MH134 superinfected with endogenous rat leukemia virus and human measles virus, respectively, in nu/nu mice also showed reduced transplantability, and some of the former were actually rejected by normal syngeneic hosts. On the other hand, the reduced transplantability was not found in irradiated mice, suggesting that the phenomenon was due to immunological events. However, a myelogenous leukemia in C57BL/6 mice, C1498, superinfected with Moloney sarcoma virus in nu/nu mice grew like uninfected tumor and did not show reduced transplantability at all.


Preservation of granulopoietic precursors in nonfrozen, stored human bone marrow. We have examined procedures for maintaining human bone marrow in a viable state for a period of 1 to 3 days. Various fractionation methods and environmental conditions were compared, and these results indicate that unfractionated, washed bone marrow cells stored at 25 C in a CO2-charged incubator gave the highest total recovery of granulopoietic stem cells capable of colony formation in vitro. After 24- and 48-hr incubation, a mean of 93 and 89% were preserved. Room temperature storage of bone marrow may have clinical applicability in autologous marrow infusion after high-dose chemoradiotherapy.


Diabetes in the Nigerian African. I. Review of long-term complications. A clinico-pathological review of the "long term" complications of diabetes mellitus was carried out on patients who have had the disease for over 10 years and are currently attending the diabetic outpatients' clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan and those who had been autopsied in the same hospital, after having had diabetes mellitus for over 10 years. The findings were discussed with a suggestion for further prospective studies using more sophisticated investigative technique to detect these complications at their earliest stages, during life.


Diabetes in the Nigerian African. II. Autopsy studies. Studies were carried out on diabetic patients that came to autopsy, over a 15-year period between 1959-1974 at the university college hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The findings have shed some light on the natural history of diabetic illness in the nigerian african and are sufficiently interesting to warrant a more long term prospective study of similar cases that come to autopsy. They have shown that contrary to an earlier study Greenwood and Taylor (1968), the classical Kimmelstiel-Wilson's lesion of diabetic nephropathy is not as rare as these earlier observers had assumed and that some cases of "insulin resistance" may be associated with adrenal cortical adenomata.


Diabetes in the Nigerian African. III. Socioeconomic aspects. The socio-economic aspects of diabetes mellitus were studied, on random basis, in a group of 147 patients attending the diabetic out-patients' clinic of the University College hospital, Ibadan. The majority belonged to the low socio-economic class. Ignorance about diabetes mellitus was rife among the patients and their relations. The needs for an intensive public health education as well as more financial assistance to diabetic patients by the government are stressed.


Tuberculous peritonitis in Ethiopian patients. The clinical features of tuberculous peritonitis in 48 Ethiopian patients are discussed. Thirty per cent of patients were afebrile, three fourths had ascites, and fifteen per cent had palpable abdominal masses, and therefore several had been wrongly diagnosed initially as cirrhosis of the liver or malignancy. Peritoneal biopsy, usually possible with local anaesthesia only, appears to be the most reliable method of proving the diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis.


A review of laboratory tests of intestinal absorption in the tropics. The intestinal absorptive capacity for xylose and folic acid has frequently been found to be defective in apparently normal asymptomatic residents of the tropics. This suggests the presence among the natives of the tropics of appreciable, yet asymptomatic jejunal functional incompetence which is not seen in the temperate countries. Further, structural abnormalities in the villi which are non-specific occur in varying degrees of severity in the tropics both in health and in disease. These tropical peculiarities raise obvious doubts  as to the diagnostic usefulness of these laboratory tests in the evaluation of disorders of absorption in tropical practice. In this review, experiences from the Lagos University Teaching Hospital had shown that the faecal fat analysis for the detection of steatorrhoea is the most dependable single diagnostic and in studies of overt malabsorption in Niageria.


Prognosis of colo-rectal carcinoma in Sudan. Forty-two histologically confirmed cases of colo-rectal carcinoma were analysed. Thirty-three per cent were below the age of 30 years. Patients presented at an advanced stage of the disease evidenced by lympth node and/or hepatic involvement, ascites and intestinal obstruction. Nearly half of the patients had low grade tumours. Emergency and multi-staged operations were often necessary. The hospital mortality rate was 38.2 per cent. The problems of diagnosis and management under the conditions prevailing in the Sudan were discussed. It is suggested that a better health education of the people and more awareness of the medical profession are necessary to improve the present results.


Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in Nigeria. Thirty one infants with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis seen over a five year period (1970-1974) at the University College Hospital Ibadan are reported. Most of the patients presented late. There is a much higher male predominance but a lower prevalence among Nigerian first born infants when compared with Caucasian infants. It is suggested that the condition though uncommon is not rare in African infants, and that environmental rather than genetic or racial factors may be responsible for the apparent lower prevalence.


Favourable prognosis of prolonged coma associated with large doses of diazepam in severe tetanus. A report is made of five tetanus patients who were treated with large repetitive doses of Diazepam and became comatose. The period of impaired consciousness varied from thirteen to twenty-one days. None had significant respiratory depression, and full recovery occurred in all. It is proposed that Diazepam-induced prolonged coma should be regarded as a side-effect rather than a toxic effect and should caution rather than contra-indicate further use of large doses of the drug in the management of tetanus.


The variety in endomyocardial fibrosis. A necropsy study. In a necropsy series of 75 patients with endomyocardial fibrosis who died during the years 1967 to 1971 in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, the site of the lesions in the heart was studied alongside with the age, clinical history, geographical distribution, heart weight and concurrent diseases. Most frequently involved were the posterior cusp of the mitral valve, the left ventricular wall (upper-mid and/or apical region) and the right ventricular wall wheras othter localisations turned out to be relatively rare. Intracardial thrombi were also often described. Rheumatic heart disease was the most important concurrent cardiac disorder. The range and variety of the lesions is discussed together with relations to age, sex and geographical distribution of the patients. The results give support to Shaper's hypothesis concerning the aetiology of endomyocardial fibrosis; however many unanswered questions about the disease remain.


Vitamin B12 and folate status in pregnancy in Trinidad. Vitamin B12 and folate levels were studied in Indian and Negro mothers in Trinidad. Folate levels fell in both groups with increasing gestational age. Indian mothers had significantly lower B12 levels than negroes and it is suggested that this vitamin be supplemented.


Some epidemiological aspects of diphtheria in Malaysia. In Malysia, the proportion of children fully immunized againest diphtheria is generally low (20%). On the other hand, the Schick conversion rate rises with age and reaches 90% by 11 years of age. It is noted that asymptomatic carriers are an important epidemiological factor in diphtheria and that carrier rates for school children are high (prevalence of 7.5% while the rate of coloization with C. diphtheriae over a period of one year was 30%). Although immunization protects against clinical diphtheria, it does not prevent the carrier state. Thus, for the control of diphtheria, one should aim for 100% compliance. Some suggestions as to how higher levels of immunity may be achieved are described.


Correlates of low birth weights in two Nigerian communities. Data on low birth weight among 1111 singleton and normal livebirths were collected in two Nigerian, urban and rural communities, belonging to the lower socio-economic group. The mothers attended MCH centres. The incidence rates of low birth weights were 9.4% and 9.8% of total live birth deliveries in the urban and rural locations, respectively. Low birth weight was found to correlate significantly with maternal age, height and parity; no significant urban/rural differentiation was detected.


The biting cycle of Anopheles dthali. A. fluviatilis and A. stephensi in southern Iran. In southern Iran during the hot season inhabitants sleep outddoors. Therefore the biting cycles of three outdoor resting mosquitoes, Anopheles dthali, fluviatilis and stephensi have been studied. Most of the bites take place between 18-24 h.


Ecology of Anopheles stephensi Liston in southern Iran. Anopheles stephensi mysorensis is an important malaria vector in southern Iran. It is known to be the vector of malaria in Abadan, Bandar Abbas, Kazeroun and Dezful. It readily attacks man. Precipitan tests on specimens from different parts of southern Iran showed that 15.7% were positive for human blood. This species usually rests indoors, but a small proportion of its population has been caught outdoors. Larval habitats vary. This species is resistant to DDT and Dieldrin in most of the areas of the Persian Gulf and Oman sea.


Antibodies against arboviruses in Sierra Leone. Sera from 180 blood donors in Sierra Leone were examined by combined hemagglutination - inhibition, complement fixation, and neutralization tests for antibodies against 10 arbovirus. The donors were 20 to 40 years old and resident at Panguma, Tongo, Serabu and Segbwema. Thirty sera (16.6%) had antibodies to group B viruses, the majority of which were to yellow fever virus as confirmed by N tests. Nineteen sera had antibodies to Arumowot virus and 4 to Sindbis virus. N antibodies against UgMP 359, a non-group B virus, were demonstrated in 12 of the sera. No antibodies were found against Bwamba and Ilesha viruses.


Thanatomania in an Asmat community. A report of successful "western" treatment. Case report from the Asmat-area, West New Guineaof black magic in a 12-year-old boy, confirmed anthropologically and medically. Successful treatment by western medicine was achieved by removing the emotional pressure exerted by the community on the patient through physical and pharmaceutical isoledical help saving a black magic victim. A follow-up of the medicine and anthropology, permitting a discussion of the medical cultural implication.


An antenatal record for identification of high risk cases by axliliary midwives at rural health centres. A prerequiste for effective and efficient medical care to be carried out by auxiliary staff at health centres in rural areas in developing countries is the standardization of the medical, technical and administrative procedures that they have to undertake. A record for antenatal care in rural health centres was designed to facilitate the selection of high risk cases. Several features of this record - which has been successfully used since 1972 in several rural health centres in Kenya - are described.


[Prevalence of the ticks Dermacentor marginatus (Sulzer, 1776) and Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794) and their importance as vectors of diseases in Germany (author's transl)]. From a systematical study of German ticks resulted the occurrence of two tick species of the genus Dermacentor. D. marginatus is found to be widely spread in Southern Germany. Adults of the tick feed mainly on sheep. D. reticulatus is first described from Germany where the tick occurs endemic in a limited forest area on red deer. The two tick species are known from neighbouring countries of Germany in transmitting virus, rickettsiae, bacteriae and protozoa but are not yet well studied in Germany. Geiographical distribution and seasonal occurrence of D. marginatus indicates the role of the tick in the epidemiology of Q fever in Germany.


[Experimental Trypanosoma infections in Cameroon dwarf goats: histopathological observations (author's transl)]. 14 Cameroon Dwarf goats were experimentally infected with Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax, T. (Nannomonas) congolense, and T. (Trypanozoon) brucei. Infection with T. burcei caused death of the animals within 45-201 days. All goats which died following T. brucei-infection showed characteristic mononuclear cell infiltrations in brain and heart, most of them showed infiltrations in skin (eye lids), sceletal muscles, kidneys, fat and connective tissue as well. Infections with T. vivax and T. congolense produced no clinical signs and very little histological alterations. Animals infected with T. congolense or T. brucei for more than 5 months showed amyloid deposits in their livers, spleens and kidneys.


The response to Trypanosoma congolense infection in calves. Determination of immunoglobulins igG1, igG2, igM and C3 levels and the complement fixing antibody titres during the course of infection. Serum immunoglobulins, IgG1, IgG2, IgM and C3 levels and the complement fixing antibody titres were determined over a period of 15 to 18 weeks in 13 calves infected with Trypanosoma congolense. The mean IgM concentration increased from 2.88 mg/ml prior to infection to 23.75 mg/ml at the 3rd week after infection. This level dropped by the 5th week but elevated values of 13-19 mg/ml were maintained until the end of the experiment. The mean IgG1 level increased from 10.55 mg/ml to a peak of 26.90 mg/ml by 7 weeks. After the 10th week, levels remained in the range of 12-15 mg/ml. There was only slight increase in mean IgG2 after 7 weeks infection with the highest mean value of 17.09 mg/ml as compared to 10.70 mg/ml of control animals occurring at the 13th week. The mean C3 concentration decreased from 3.75 mg/ml to 0.95g/ml by 2 weeks and fluctuating low levels were maintained for the duration of the infection. The appearance of CF antibody, the decrease in C3 at about 1 to 2 weeks post infection and the subsequent drops in the CF titres and C3 at 5-6, 8 and 11 weeks were each coincident with the drops in packed cell volume.


Studies on Theileriidae (Sporozoa) in Tanzania. V. Preliminary experiments on a new method for infecting ticks with Theileria parva and Theileria mutans. Bovine blood with a high parasitaemia of Theileria mutans was injected through the cuticle into fully engorged nymphs of Amblyomma variegatum which had recently detached from a rabbit. After moulting, they transmitted this parasite to a susceptible calf. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus transmitted Theileria parva in the same way, but results were negative with A. variegatum and T. parva. This method of infecting ticks appears promising for the isolation of Theileria strains from the field, and might be useful in research on theilerioses.


Immunization against anaplasmosis and babesiosis: Part I. Evaluation of immunization using minimum infective doses under laboratory conditions. A method of immunization against anaplasmosis and babesiosis using minimum infective doses was developed under laboratory conditions. Stabilates of Anaplasma marginale stored at -60 degrees C were found infective when diluted 10-fold to 10(-3). Stabilates of Babesia argentina and Babesia bigemina stored under the same conditions were infective when diluted 10-fold to 10(-1). Intact calves inoculated with the above dilutions of stabilates developed moderate parasitemias and recovered from infection without treatment. There was an immune response to vaccination with the formation of specific antibodies to A. marginale, B. bigemina and B. argentina as measured by the complement fixation (CF) test. All calves were found resistant to artificial challenge with lethal doses of the respective parasites.


Studies on the attraction of Simulium damnosum s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) to its hosts. I. The relative importance of sight, exhaled breath, and smell. Four traps used in capturing hunting female S. damnosum s.l. are discribed: the slat trap, the enclosure trap, the fan trap, and the sticky trap. In forest a man hidden inside a trap, but removing his exhaled breath through a long hose, attracted 4 times as many flies as did an unbaited trap. When the man exhaled normally into the trap the number of flies taken rose again by a further factor of 4. Carbon dioxide gas, emitted from inside the trap attracted some two-thirds as many flies as a man exhaling normally inside the trap. In both forest and Sudan-savanna environments the catches of a man stationed on an open stretch of land and fully exposed to view while his exhaled breath was removed through a long hose, were not substantially lower than those of a man in a similar situation who exhaled normally. In forest a motionless man, partly hidden among vegetation, attracted fewer flies than a moving man who was fully exposed to view (a) when both men removed their exhaled breath through long hoses, and (b) when they exhaled normally. In the forest a trap baited with CO2 gas (250 cc per min) caught more flies than a similar, unbaited trap, but the preformance of CO2-baited traps, as compared with that of human collectors, was highly variable. Catches in CO2-baited traps were uniformly low in the Sudan-savanna. In forest, removal of olfactory substances from the human skin, by vigorous washing and application of petroleum jelly, or by wearing impermeable clothing, greatly reduced the numbers of flies attracted. No such reduction was observed in Sudan savanna. In the forest, cloths, worn by men for several days and then used as bait, attracted about 10 times as many flies as did similar, unworn cloths. Addition of CO2 gas produced a 4-fold increase in the attractiveness of worn cloths and an 18-fold increase in that of unworn cloths. No corresponding experiments were done in the savanna. Fan traps could become contaminated by human handling during the assembly and setting-up procedures. They were thus rendered attractive to flies. In the Sudan-savanna, the catches of men positioned in front of warm rock surfaces were lower than those of men stationed on coller, sandy surfaces. This suggests that body heat may be an additional attractant factor. The results suggest that "forest" S. damnosum s.l. (presumably S. squamosum) females rely heavily on smell as an attractant and, to a lesser extent, on sight and exhaled breath. Smell appears to be the only obligatory attractant, and it can act by itself. This raises the possibility that a trap might be developed which incorporates only smell stimuli as bait. For "savanna" S. damnosum s.l. (presumably S. damnosum s.s.) neither smell nor exhaled breath appear to be important attractants, and some other factor, perhaps sight, appears to be the dominant attractant in this zone.


[A fourth species of Onchocerca, O. garmsi n.sp. from the European deer (author's transl)]. Description of O. garmsi n.sp. in the connective subcutaneous tissue of Cervus elaphus; furhter information on the description of O. tubingensis Bain and Schulz-Key, 1974, in subcutaneous nodules of the same host.


The use of a molluscicide in conjunction with chemotherapy to control Schistosoma haematobium at the Barombi Lake foci in Cameroon. II. Urinary examination methods, the use of niridazole to attack the parasite in man, and the effect on transmission from man to snail. The use of niridazole, in conjunction with snail control, in an attempt to control the transmission of Schistosoma haematobium at 2 Cameroon crater-lake villages is described. Quantitative examinations of urines for S. haematobium eggs were made on the whole population before control began, at intervals during the maintenance of control, and again after control ceased. The methods and difficulties are described, and their accuracy is discussed. After each examination all accessible egg-passers were treated or re-treated with niridazole. The drug was well tolerated and effective. Most treated patients ceased to pass live eggs, and most of those who later became positive again were thought to represent reinfections rather than relapses. During the maintenance of snail control, niridazole treatment of the 'whole' community reduced the total load of S. haematobium eggs passed to less than 1 per cent of the pre-control figure; and repeated subsequent treatments maintained a level of the same order. Despite this, there remained at different times 0.6-50.9 per cent of persons passing small quantities of live eggs, and these were an important source of continuing transmission. The possibility that more than one strain of S. haematobium was involved is discussed. An index of transmission from man to snail is proposed and discussed in relation to determining the level of the "break-point" in transmission. Although combined niridazole/molluscicide control reduced transmission from man to snail by about 3 log cycles, the "break-point", which is thought to lie 4 or more log-cycles lower, was not reached. When control was stopped, transmission built up again, with the prevalence rate in man rising more rapidly than the intensity of infections.


The use of a molluscicide in conjunction with chemotherapy to control Schistosoma haematobium at the Barombi Lake foci in Cameroon. III. Conclusions and costs. Although Frescon successfully controlled snails on the margins of the Barombi lakes, and although the continuation of niridazole and Frescon control reduced transmission of S. haematobium very considerably, practical difficulties, which are discussed, rendered the twin goals of snail- and parasite-eradication impossible to achieve. The "break-point" in transmission of S. haematobium appears to lie so low as to be practically synonymous with total eradication. Control operations would thus have had to be maintained indefinitely in order to avoid a rapid return to the pre-control situation. The cost of the control element in this combined chemotherapeutic and molluscicidal research project, at 2 lacustrine foci of S. haematobium transmission in the United Republic of Cameroon, was 9 to 10 U.S. dollars per year per head of population protected. This sum is about three times the country's total estimated expenditure per head of population on all health and social services for the year 1974-1975. The high cost of such operations is only likely to be acceptable where schistosomiasis causes much ill-health and reduced economic productivity, and where tangible benefits may be expected from a reduction in the intensity of infections, short of eradication.


[Treatment with 32P of carcinoma of the prostate (author's transl)]. Twenty-eight patients affected with disseminated prostate cancer, which proved hormone resistant (after castration and oestrogen administration), have undergone combined treatment with Testosterone (for 13 days) and 32P (for the last 7 days of the Testosterone treatment). During the initial fase of the treatment (Testosterone only), 14 patients experienced pain exacerbation and/or fever and one experienced immediate improvement. The exacerbation quickly disappeared following 32P administration, and 26 of the patients had distinct improvement at some time during or after treatment, with a mean remission duration of 3 months and mean survival rate of 7 months. No lytic or soft part deposit showed improvement; improvement was noticeable only in the mixed type or osteo-sclerotic metastases. This observation suggests that the androgen stimulates uptake of the isotope not inside the tumor cells but in the bone matrix around the tumoral deposit. The patient who showed very early improvement had a subsequent relapse on oestrogens, but later responded to the androgen alone.


[ Correlation between histopathologic and scintigraphic findings (employing 67Ga) in relation to the surgical indication for bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)]. Following the investigation on the correlation between scintigraphic pictures and histopathologic findings in 66 patients with suspected bronchial carcinoma, 84% of the scannings were positive and the data relative to the so-called "false negative" cases was analyzed. The presence of hilar or mediastinal lymph node metastases, histologically ascertained in about one-third of the patients, appeared significant; and a restricted accumulation of the radio-element was evident in 70.5% of the cases. In 10 of the cases with negative scintigraphic findings, pictures of reactive or hyperplastic lymphadenitis (almost all radiologically relievable) were obtained. Therefore, if it cannot be logically concluded that the negative scintigraphic findings at the mediastinal level indicate the absence of metastases in the lymph nodes, thus indicating surgery (or preventive mediastinoscopy), positive finding seem to be synonymous with extrapulmonary diffusion of the neoplastic process, with direct implication in determining the operability of the patient.


Measurement of the elasticity of the male urethral meatus by urinary drop spectrometry. The urinary stream breaks up into drops shortly after leaving the external meatus. For normal males the frequency of the drops is related in a characteristic way to the flow rate. From this relation the elastic properties of an elastic constriction near the external meatus are calculated, using a theory of flow through distensible tubes. The elastic constriction behaves as if rigid at low flow rates, but distends elastically at flow rates above a critical value. This theoretical result is verified by observations of the stream emerging from a mechanical model, constructed with similar elastic properties. Functional meatal stenosis is associated with a lack of distensibility at the higher flow rates, which is reflected clinically in a changed relation between drop frequency and flow rate. Measurement of the relation, by the urinary drop spectrometer, offers a quick, non-invasive way of diagnosing this type of urethral obstruction.


The role of urine in the etiology of cancer of the urinary bladder. It is shown that the site-frequency distribution of carcinomas relative to the upper and lower hemispheres of the urinary bladder is inhomogeneous. It is pointed out that the contact with urine is the important etiological factor and that other factors, if any, play only a secondary role. It is suggested that prolonged (forced) retention of urine should be avoided. Investigation of urinary carcinogens is needed.


Angioplasic surgery for renal artery aneurysm in pediatric hypertension. Aneurysmectomy and renal angioplasty were performed on a 14-year-old Japanese male and the blood pressure was within normal values 3 years after this surgery. Measurement of renal blood flow was facilitated by using 133Xe washout technique. This incidence is the eighth such case to be reported from Japan.


[Representation of gynaecological fistulas by wick urethrocystocolporectography (author's transl)]. In connection with gynaecological diseases and/or their therapy, genital fistulas constitute a grave complication. Accurate representation of these fistulas in conjunction with the adjacent hollow organs is of curcial importance for their successful removal. A modified kind of wick urethrocystocolporectography, which is a method that has proved efficient in cases of a dislocation in the female genital tract and also in cases of insufficiency of locking of the urinary bladder, provides these preconditions for an efficient therapy. That is, through the difference in the course of motion during holding and pressing in comparison with rest there are detected not only any valve mechanisms present but also dislocations, if any. Moreover, the method, easy to apply as it is and involving only little strain, provides an advantage which cannot be overlooked.


Sphincterotomy and micturition parameters: quantitative analysis of sphincterotomy in 24 patients. The effect of transurethral external sphincterotomy, performed in 24 patients, was evaluated quantitatively on micturition parameters and blood loss. The total urethral resistance, residual urine, and the maximum and average urinary flow rates were all improved with a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.01). Of 7 patients with indwelling catheter, all but one became catheter free. Erythrocytes and hemoglobin decreased 6% in number and 9% in weight, respectively. Moderate degree of stress incontinence were noted in 15 patients (63%).


Evaluation of cellular immunologic responsiveness in the clinical management of patients with prostatic cancer. III. Inhibition of leucocyte migration. Host cellular responsiveness to tumour was evaluted in 37 patients with varying degrees of clinically active and inactive adenocarcinoma of the prostate by direct inhibition of leucocyte migration (ILM) employing saline extracts of pooled allogeneic normal, benign and malignant prostatic tissue as a source of antigen. The majority of these patients had received or were receiving conventional therapy at the time of evaluation. 13 (35%) prostatic cancer patients possessed clinically significant specific reactivity to malignant prostatic tissue, whereas only 1 (8%), of 13 control patients (11 healthy adults and 2 patients with carcinoma other than of the prostate: bladder and penis) possessed comparable reactivity. While the wide range of specific reactivity observed overall, including 'stimulation' of migration, compared with the mean percent ILM was very large, the SD of the mean specific percent ILM in the 13 prostatic cancer patients possessing clinically significant specific reactivity to malignant prostatic tissue, was most respectable. Since all reactions were allogeneic, these results indicated that prostatic cancer patients possessed cell-mediated immunity to presumably common prostatic tumour-associated antigens. Further evaluation disclosed that the incidence of patients possessing clinically significant reactivity to malignant tissue was almost identical regardless of the patient's stage of malignancy, histological grade of tumour, or clinical status. The degree of sensitization of clinically significant reactivity to malignant tissue was, however, greater in patients with localized disease, low grade tumour, and clinically inactive disease, than in patients with advanced disease, high-grade tumour, and clinically active disease. Evaluation of the possible correlation of specific reactivity to malignant prostatic tissue as a prognostic index of subsequent clinical responsiveness revealed a positive correlation with the degree of sensitization in 3 (43%) of 7 patients available for routine follow-up. Correlation in four patients was questionable due to the observations of 'stimulation' of migration rather than inhibition. While providing initial preliminary evidence of the presence of cell-mediated anti-tumour immunity in patients with prostatic cancer and promise of a possible prognostic index, the wide range in the variability of cellular responsiveness and the failure to identify clinically significant reactivity to malignant prostatic tissue in the majority (65%) of the patients evaluated, raises concern as to whether ILM employing saline extracts will provide the necessary in vitro assay of cellular responsivenss for the evaluation of prostatic cancer patients.


Crossed ectopia of solitary kidney. A report of two cases and a review of the literature. Two cases of crossed ectopia of solitary kidney found in two boys are present. This rare anomaly has been accompanied by imperforate anus and inguinal hernia in one boy and by imperforate anus, urethrorectal fistula, cryptorchism, and penoscrotal and vertebral anomalies in the other. 21 cases have been collected and the present two patients appear to be the 22nd and 23rd cases reported in the world literature.


The incidence of ecotpic peristaltic contractions. The continuity of ureteral peristaltic conduction along the ureter of the dog is examined using two pairs of extracellular macroelectrodes. At urine flow rates below 3 ml/min, ureteral contractions initiated by the pacemaker are propagated without interruption along the entire length of the ureter, and at sustained diuretic levels greater than 3-5 ml/min, ectopic peristaltic and retrograde events may be initiated along the length of the ureter. Also, continued maintenance of diuresis results in decremental conduction along the upper third of the ureter with the ultimate possiblity of pacemaker failure.


Renal pelivic pacemaker arrhythmias induced by pentothal anesthesia. The influence of Pentothal anesthesia in blocking the mechanism intimating ureteral peristalsis in the dog is examined. Pressure measurements of pacemaker rhythmicity were made through renal cortical catheterization of the renal pelvis. Simultaneously, ureteral recordings were made by extracellular electromyography of the ureteral smooth muscle wall. It is shown that Pentothal anesthesia transiently blocks the spontaneous and rhythmic contractions of the renal pelvis and inhibits the generation of ureteral peristaltic contractions. It is demonstrated that repeated or prolonged pacemaker blockade results in an open ureteropelvic junction and aperistalsis. A discussion of the possible implication of these observations is given.


[Results of Johanson's urethroplasty (author's transl)]. In the period 1951-1974 urethroplasty according to Johanson was carried out in 467 patients. In 391 patients the repair was complete. The authors set forth the pathogenesis and localization of the stenoses and traumas that require plastic correction and point out the various improvements in operative technique that have been developed in recent years. In only 16 of the 391 patients was the Johanson method attended by adverse results; 8 patients had to undergo a further urethral bougienage. Out of 931 interventions in 467 patients, 4 died--none since 1967. Complications were valvular necrosis, suture dehissence hematoma, and abscess formation; such complications were seen in 6% of patients in the early operations. After modification of the surgical procedure this figure was reduced to 3%. Recurrence of stricture occurred in 63 cases. These were controlled after repeating the operation.


[The Small-Carrion penile prosthesis for erectile impotence (author's transl)]. The insertion of two silicone rods into the penile corpora cavernosa (Small-Carrion penile prosthesis) is a considerable procedure for operative management of erectile impotence. Of 61 treated patients, 55 had a satisfactory anatomical and functional result, most of them regained the same sexual activity as prior to onset of impotence. Their partners were satisfied, too. Preoperative evaluation of causes of impotence is particularly important. Type and number of complications in this operative procedure are reported in detail.


[Tomography in excretory urography (author's transl)]. Urographic diagnosis has been significantly improved by the routine addition of tomography. This simple, effortless and time saving technique has resulted in the salvage of urographic studies that would otherwise have been considered indeterminate. Repeated-examinations are avoided. Tomography has also demonstrated lesions where conventional urograms have been considered normal. Finally renal lesions already demonstrable by conventional urography, can be better interpreted and analyzed.


[Surgical treatment of erectile impotence using the AMS penile prosthesis]. First experiences with an AMS penile prosthesis which can hydraulically fill and empty is reported. Advantage of this prosthesis: Physiologic imitation of erection and handling this method. The best cosmetic solution of all previous types of penile prosthesis. Disadvantage: A relatively complicated system and thus liable to defects. However, repairing is, in any case, easily done. After 3 years of use, experience is showing that this method turned out to be a cosmetically and functionally satisfying operative procedure.


[Kidney biopsy: comparative study between open and half-open (lumboscopic) technique (author's transl)]. In a study of the kidney biopsies from 192 patients, the results, intra- and postoperative complications, and specific advantages and disadvantages of the conventional open biopsy are compared with those of the half-open, lumboscopic technique. Most of the advantages clearly confirm the superiority of the lumboscopic technique, which, thus has the necessary prerequisites for replacing the regular surgical biopsy.


[Macrohematuria associated with ruptured abdominal aneurysm (author's transl)]. Macrohematuria associated with rupture abdominal aneurysm is caused by renal infarction due to renal arterial compression or dissection, by renal congestion due to renal venous perforation, by urinary bladder congestion due to aortocaval fistula, possibly by hydronephrosis due to ureteral obstruction, and by urinary bladder perforation. Also in the case of a simultaneous urologic finding treatment of the aneurysm is urgent.


[Case of a malignant angiolipoleiomyoma of the kidney -- angiographic and pathohistologic findings in hamartomas of the kidney (author's transl)]. A malignant angiolipoleiomyoma and two benign angiomyolipomas are analyzed. Angiography and pathohistology are opposed. The renovasographic signs of these tumors are not specific for hamartomas and similar to those of hypernephroid carcinoma.


[Plasma and urinary CEA-assay in patients with urological tumours (author's transl)]. Plasma and urinary carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) assays were performed in 151 patients with urological tumours. CEA measurement is unreliable in renal cell carcinoma and carcinoma of the prostate. However, CEA-assays permit the diagnosis of bladder tumours. The test is particularly useful in the followup and therapeutic control of patients with carcinoma of the bladder.


Epithelial thyroid tumors in cows.

Epithelial thyroid tumors in cows. From 1964 to 1973, 370 tumors were collected from cows of unknown age. Ten (2.7%) of these were primary thyroid tumors. Three were malignant. The benign tumors were solitary encapsulated adenomas in the parenchyma with more or less defined trabeculae, tubular, and microfollicular pattern. One of the malignant tumors was a cystic papillary adenocarcinoma, and two were small cell carcinomas consisting of small, sometimes binuclear, pleomorphic cells.


Phycomycotic gastritis in buffalo calves (Bubalis bubalis). Mycotic gastritis, primarily caused by Rhizopus sp. was seen in six buffalo calves (7-13 days old) at postmortem examination. The predominant lesions were numerous raised ulcers in which were hyphae of Rhizopus. In three calves, Candida organisms were also present superficially in the ulcers. Other changes in the mucosa were severe congestion, haemorrhage, thrombosis, necrosis, and infiltration by lymphocytes and neutrophils. Both Rhizopus and Candida were highly pathogenic to rabbits when inoculated intravenously. The disease could not be reproduced experimentally by feeding of Rhizopus orally to rabbits and calves.


Lower motor neuron disease with accumulation of neurofilaments in a cat. A young cat had signs of tetraparesis that progressed to tetraplegia within a few weeks. Clinically, there was lower motor neuron disease with areflexia and muscle atrophy in all limbs. Degeneration of the motor neurons in the spinal cord was seen on histological examination. Ultrastructurally, the degeneration of nerve cells was characterized by abnormal proliferation of neurofilaments. These findings were compared to other motor neuron diseases and neurofibrillary accumulations in man and animals.


A comparative chemical and histochemical study of the chondrodystrophoid and nonchondrodystrophoid canine intervertebral disc. The chemical composition of the intervertebral disc of 9-month-old chondrodystrophoid and nonchondrodystrophoid dogs was studied for collagen, noncollagenous protein and glycosaminoglycan. Content of these substances differed significantly between breeds. The differences were most marked in the nucleus pulposus; the noncollagenous protein content of the nonchondrodystrophoid breed was higher than in that of the chondrodystrophoid dogs. The total nitrogen value of the nonchondrodystrophoid nuclei pulposi was less than that of the corresponding chondrodystrophoid discs mainly because of the high collagen content of the latter discs. Histochemically, it was found that the nuclei pulposi of the nonchondrodystrophoid breed contains larger amounts of glycosaminoglycan than in the discs of the chondrodystrophoid breeds.


Experimental acid-aspiration pneumonia in the rabbit. A pathologic and morphometric study. Four anesthetized rabbits given intratracheal injections of hydrochloric acid, pH 1.5, 2 ml/kg, were killed 4 h later. A fifth rabbit was an untreated control. Each lung had a few red-brown patches of compression atelectasis. Microscopically, treated lungs had a severe exudative necrotizing bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and alveolitis. There was also intra-alveolar hemorrhage and edema. Electron microscopy showed folds, projections and focal swellings of type I cells lining affected alveoli. A morphometric study showed 69% of parenchyma to be normal, 26% edematous and 5% hemorrhagic. In the airways 58% of the epithelium was damaged.


Bovine leptospirosis: infection by the Hebdomadis serogroup and abortion-A herd study. A possible relationship is demonstrated between infection of cattle by the Hebdomadis serogroup of Leptospira and abortion of undiagnosed aetiology. This association is based on (1) The occurrence of a much higher incidence of antibodies to serotype sejroe in herds with a history of undiagnosed abortion than in other groups of cattle tested. (2) A relationship between the incidence of cows with antibody titres to sejroe and the incidence of abortion of unknown aetiology in 29 herds during an 18 month model period.


The eradication of Arizona 7: 1, 7, 8 from a turkey breeding flock. Day old turkey poults (the F generation) were imported from the USA into the UK and in 1968 young turkey poults of one hatch (F1 generation) showed clinical signs and lesions of arizona infection and serotype 7: 1, 7, 8 was isolated from stock of both generations. After the F3 generation, the flock was dispersed to several large breeders but there seems to have been no evidence of arizona infection in the subsequent five generations of progeny.


Separation and recombination of Babesia divergens and Ehrlichia phagocytophila from a field case of redwater from Eire. A blood sample received from a field case of redwater in Eire caused simultaneous infections of Babesia divergens and Ehrlichia phagocytophila when inoculated into a splenectomised calf. Each disease agent was isolated in a separate splenectomised calf by suppressive drug treatment of the other agent, and blood stabilates were made. The disease agents were inoculated synchronously or asychronously into groups of calves, whose reactions were observed. Infection with B divergens had no effect on the severity of reaction of the calves to E phagocytophila but E phagocytophila infection tended to delay the establishment of B divergens if inoculated simultaneously or one week previously. If the inoculations were simultaneous there was also a tendency for the B divergens infection to be partially or completely suppressed. There was no evidence of recrudescence of one infective agent when the other was inoculated one month later.


Apparently healthy HBs antigen carriers: ABO blood group distribution and ay : ad ratio. HBs antigen (HBsAg) incidence and subtype ratio were studied in apparently healthy HBsAg carriers and correlated with the ABO blood group of the subjects investigated. The incidence of subjects belonging to blood group AB was higher among the healthy carriers than in the unselected normal population, and the ay : ad ratio was much lower in this blood group than in the other ones.


Experimental viral lung fibrosis. Quantitative study of the relationships between cell accumulations and fibrillogenesis. The relationships between mesenchymal lung cell accumulations and reticulinic fibrillogenesis were analysed morphologically and quantitatively during the development of a viral infection in the rabbit lung, induced by intranasal administration of influenza A2 virus. Cells and fibrils accumulated in the alveolar walls and in the interlobular areas of the lung were counted during the evolution of the experiment and statistically analysed. A significant statistical correlation between lung cell accumulations and fibrillogenesis could be demonstrated during the development of viral lung fibrosis.


Inhibition of passive hemagglutination- a sensitive test for host antigen detection and evaluation of virus purity. Inhibition of passive hemagglutination (IPHA) proved to be a very sensitive and specific reaction for immunochemical detection and dosage of host antigens or proteins impurifying various virus suspensions. Thus, IPHA is able to detect bovine serum albumin amounts of 0.05 mug/ml, and chorio-allantoic membrane antigens at a concentration of 0.35 mug/ml. The estimation of the ratio between specific activity (hemagglutinating (HA) titer in the case of influenza A0PR8 virus) and the amount of host proteins (evaluated by IPHA) is recommended as a criterion of virus purity. In the case of highly purified virus suspensions this criterion is more reliable than the presently used ratio between HA titer and total protein amount (estimated by Lowry's reaction).


Investigations on allergic and serological reactions following inoculation of inactivated smallpox vaccines by cutaneous scarification. A number of 154 young adults were given a smallpox vaccine inactivated by UV (103 subjects) or by 4degrees/00 formol (51 subjects). Inoculation induced an early cutaneous reaction in 75.4% of the revaccinated subjects. The incidence of positive HAI reactions in this group increased from 30.2% before vaccination to 63.8% after inoculation, while the geometric mean titer increased from 2.88 to 10.73. This would prove the early reactions to be allergic responses of organisms sensitized against smallpox vaccine, capable of stimulating antibody formation. No cutaneous reaction was recorded in the 7 persons vaccinated for the first time (without pre-existent cutaneous scars). These subjects developed neither cutaneous nor humoral response to the killed virus, as there was no previous sensitization to the respective antigen.


Isolation, purification and characterization of polypeptides of influenza and parainfluenza viruses. Note III. Polypeptides of three influenza virus strains isolated in Romania. An analysis is presented of the nature, number and relative molecular mass of the polypeptides of three influenza virus strains-A/Romania 1/73 (H3N2), A/Romania 1/75 (H3N2), and B/Romania 34/74-isolated during different epidemic outbreaks. The results obtained indicate some similarities between the protein subunits of the two influenza A virus strains (as concerns virus surface and nucleocapsid components) and point out the particular properties of the influenza B strain.


Comparative characterization on the segmented RNA structure of influenza viruses A/Singapore 1/57 and A/Hong Kong 1/68. A comparative characterization of the segmented RNA structure of A/Singapore 1/57 and A/Hong Kong 1/68 influenza viruses was done by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genomes of the viruses studied consist of 6 segment classes, with a total molecular weight of approximately 4 million daltons. The mathematical method suggested allows to define the number of RNA fragments, which is equal to 8-9, with a total molecular weight of about 6 million daltons. Electrophoretic patterns of the viruses investigated have individual features.


Passive hemagglutination and complement fixation reactions in the early diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Complement fixation (CF) and passive hemagglutination (PHA) tests (the latter with a M. pneumoniae antigen coupled by glutaraldehyde onto red blood cells) were performed in 263 patients with various infectious diseases (mostly in the 1st and 2nd week after onset) and non-infectious ones. CF reaction proved to be inappropriate for the early etiological diagnosis of mycoplasma infections, since the high titers were distributed undifferentially among the various patient groups and many sera (38%) showed anticomplementary activity. A PHA titer of at least  1/128 (preferably of 1/512) points to the presence of a M. pneumoniae infection, especially if clinical, radiological and laboratory data suggest a nonbacterial or mixed pneumonia. The diagnosis is often early enough to orientate the etiological therapy towards macrolides and tetracyclines. The PHA reaction recommended is specific, sensitive, reproducible and easy to perform.


Investigations on some antigenic relationships between different human, mammalian and avian Chlamydia strains. Serological investigations were performed in order to establish the antigenic relationships between three Chlamydia strains: T44(subgroup A), T13 and Q18 (subgroup B). By using monospecific mouse immune sera a certain degree of antigenical relationships was made evident and the strains could be typed by microagglutination and microimmlnofluorescence reactions. Similar results were obtained by seroneutralization with hyperimmune sera prepared in the rooster. Complement fixation proved to be a group-specific reaction unable to reveal significant differences between the strains studied, not even with monospecific mouse sera. The antigenic relationships established between strains T44 (trachoma) and T13 (psittacosis) suggest the existence features common to subgroup A and B Chlamudia strains. The importance of typing Chlamudia strains with a view to specific prophylaxis is emphasized.


Epidemic outbreak of Coxsackie virus meningitis. Note I. Clinico-epidemiological features. An epidemic outbreak of viral meningitis mainly caused by Coxsackie B3 virus is described. Characteristic of the outbreak was the involvment of a large number of infants under 1 year of age (about 1/4 of the total number of cases) and the elevated incidence of encephalitis symptoms, as compared with the meningitis outbreak caused by echovirus 4 in 1973.


Multidimensional statistical data analysis of viral hepatitis report records. The internal connections between the variables defined by the data obtained from viral hepatitis (VH) report records completed ih a Romanian county durihg 1973 are analysed. The mathematical model for linear factorial analysis allowed a simultaneous processing of all variables and the distinction of representative factors. The conclusions of the study suggest new possible approaches by the introduction of supplementary questions in the VH report records.


Anti-polymerized albumin antibodies-a test for the evaluation of hepatic function in HBs Ag-positive subjects. A number of 681 sera collected from hepatic patients and apparently healthy subjects (recruits and blood donors) were tested by immunodiffusion (ID) and hemagglutination (HA) for the presence of anti-polymerized albumin antibodies (AAA). AAA positivity was compared within the categories of patients and healthy subjects, grouped according to the presence of HBsAg. In most of the hepatic patients and healthy subjects both ID and HA were either positive or negative. However, in certain apparently healthy HGsAg carriers, the absence of AAA in ID was associated with high AAA titers in HA. These data point to the possibility of using AAA in order to differentiate an actually healthy HGsAg carrier from a HBsAg carrier with hepatic lesions.


Epidemic outbreak of Coxsackie virus meningitis. Note II. Virological and serological investigations. Virological and serological investigations of the viral meningitis cases recorded in a county of Romania in the summer of 1975 demonstrated that in a certain zone (A) the prevalent etiological agent was Coxsackie B3 virus. This virus could be isolated from the feces, exudate or cerebrospinal fluid of some diseased children. At the same time, the appearance of neutralizing antibodies to Coxsackie B3 virus or significant titer increases were observed in 20 of the 25 children tested serologically in zone A.


[Complications in middle age patients following gastric resection for cancer]. Postoperative complications in patients, aged over 55 years, with gastric cancer subjected to radical operations were analysed. The number of postoperative complications and mortality are increased with age. The main cause of the postoperative mortality is peritonitis, the second place is occupied by pneumonia, the third--by thrombectomy and acute cardiovascular insufficiency. Aged patients have tolerated gastrectomy and proximal resections but poorly.


[Current problems with the rehabilitation of patients following radical surgery for cancer of the rectum and colon]. Ninety seven patients radically operated upon for cancer of the rectum and colon were examined, the follow-up being 1-14 years. In 59 cases colostomy was performed. The disability and occupational activity of these patients have been studied as well. The working capacity of patients operated after the Miles technic was retained in 50%, 43%--resumed their former activities. The colostomized patients were found to have the greatest difficulties in gaining rehabilitation. For adequate screening of the colon through a colostome a special device--an anoobtlrator was developed.


[Value of several morphologic tumor characteristics for prognosis of cancer of the uterine body]. Histological structure of endometrial cancer reflecting the degree of morphological differentiation is of great prognostic value. In tumors of I-II degree of differentiation 5-year results of treatment (86.8%) are considerably better than in tumors of III degree of differentiation (57.5%). A diminished degree of morphological differentiation results in greater frequency of deep myometrial invasion and metastases in pelvic lymph nodes. The secretory activity in high-differentiated and differentiated tumors is a positive prognostic sign (89.3% of 5-year cure versus 68.3% in the absence of secretion).


[Oxygen tension in the tissues of animals during the process of malignant tumor growth]. It has been shown polarographically that the oxygen supply and consumption in transplantable Heren carcinoma and normal tissues of the tumor organism are reduced as compared with such indices in intact animals. As the tumor grows, oxygen tension in normal tissues is gradually lowered both under normal conditions and oxygen ventilation, while the time of its consumption by tissues is longer. Such changes in tissues pO2 are not observed in subcutaneous transplantation of muscle tissue suspension in animals and also in transplantable tumor resorption.


[Carcinogenicity of fuchsin derivatives]. White noninbred rats and linear mice were injected leucoparafuchsine and leucofuchsine isomers subcutaneously and received perorally during the whole life period, while in the experiments on mice--also by means of cutaneous application. The injection of leucoparafuchsine in rats and mice CC57Br resulted in the increased development of hemopoietic system tumors. Leucofuchsine isomers injected in rats and mice C3HA gave rise to the appearance of renal tumors in these animals and caused more frequent development of hepatic and pulmonary neoplasms in mice. In leucoparafuchsine injections the rate of tumors incidence was 35% in rats and in mice--20%, in the experiments with leucofuchsine isomers--33% and 40% accordingly. The results of the experiments evidence an insignificant blastomogenic effect of the compounds under study.


[Influence of fish smoking technology on nitrosamine concentration in them]. Under study was the content of total nitrosoamines in chiloed and bloated cod prepared by three ways: 1) by common bloating with fire-wood smoke; 2) by sawdust cold smoke (produced by means of a smoke generator) in thermal treatment with gas combustion products; 3) by the smoking fluid "Vakhtol" also in thermal treatment with gas combustion products. The common bloating resulted in the appearance of large amounts of total nitrosoamines in the foodstuff (from 200 to 900 mKg/Kg). Fish treatment with sawdust smoke would cause an insignificant increase in the content of these agents only in some cases. Whereas an application of the smoking fluid fails to produce any increase in nitrosoamines content. The use of wood-fire smoke for bloating Trachurus did not change its nitrosoamines content at all. The content of nitrosoamines was found to depend also on the duration of cod preservation in a frozen state.


Increased whole blood viscosity on cooling in a patient with cold hemoagglutinin disease. The whole blood and plasma viscosities have been evaluated in a patient with cold hemoagglutinin disease at different temperatures and at different shear rates. At 37 and 42 degrees C, whole blood viscosity values, regardless of the shear rate applied, resulted to be correspondent to the hematocrit value (31%). The values observed were similar to those noted in a patient with chronic bleeding anemia and an approximately equivalent hematocrit (33%). The same was true for plasma viscosity. At 32 degrees C, whole blood viscosity, regardless of the shear rate, resulted to be higher than expected. The values observed were similar to those noted in a normal subject with a clearly higher hematocrit value (44%) and definitely higher than those noted in the chronic anemia patient. On the contrary, plasma viscosity remained unchanged. These studies indicate that in cold hemoagglutinin disease, red cell aggregation and piling are capable of increasing blood viscosity.


Reevaluation of the polyvinylpyrrolidone sedimentation test in the diagnosis of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn. The rate of cord erythrocytes sedimentation in 1.5% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution was investigated. Of 70 infants showing accelerated sedimentation rate, 49 had signs of hemolytic disease. Rh incompatibility did not affect the sedimentation rate. Infectious diseases might cause a slight increase in the rate of sedimentation. The test was found to be very sensitive. It could detect ABO incompatibilities even in absence of marked bilirubinemia. Furthermore, positive identification of incompatibilities were obtained in ABO-HDN cases where both direct and indirect Coombs tests were negative. High correlation was noted between anti A and B titer of maternal sera and the accelerated sedimentation of  newborn red blood cells. The erythrocytes sedimentation test in PVP (PVP-ESR test) is recommended for the early detection of cases in which the red cells are affected by IgG anti-A or anit-B.


Collection of peritoneal exudate cells from small laboratory animals. A simple method for the collection of peritoneal cells from small laboratory animals is described. Peritoneal exudates were induced by either caseinate or glycogen, and the cells were retrieved through a closed system. The technique permitted repeated studies on individual animals and yielded consistently sterile cell suspensions.


A Swiss family showing independent segregation of the Lutheran and Swann genes. A family is reported in which the parents' mating is of the 'double back-cross' type with respect to the Sw, Lu and Se genes. The inheritance of these genes in the children shows, with reference to a possible linkage between Sw and the two other loci, four non-recombinants and three recombinants (or vice versa). The inheritance of the Lu and Se genes shows the well-known linkage between these two loci, with no instance of recombination. It is concluded that there is no evidence for close linkage between Sw and Lu-Se, and that the suggestion of a Sw-Lu linkage found in a family studied previously was due to chance.


Observations on the antiglobulin tests. II. C4 components on erythrocytes. This paper describes anti-C4b(ii) antisera shich agglutinate cells from cases of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, cold-acquired haemolytic anaemia, and certain test cells, using the antiglobulin test. It is suggested that these particular antisera possess activity against C4d absorbed on to erythrocytes. Methods of preparing test cells coated with C3d and C4d are given, together with methods for producing antisera in rabbits active against these components. The significance of these findings is discussed.


The efficacy of vaccinial immune globulin. A 15-year study. This survey reports on the use of vaccinial immune globulin in Australia over the last 15 years. Evidence is produced that vaccinial immune globulin has proven efficacious in the prophylaxis and therapy of complications following smallpox vaccination. An indication of the type and frequency of complications following vaccination is provided.


The Côté serum (anti-K11), an antibody defining a new variant in the Kell system. The serum from a 50-year-old woman, Mrs. Côté, was found to agglutinate all cell samples except her own, those of two siblings, and Ko erythrocytes. Her Kell phenotype is a common: K-k+, Kp(a-b+), Js(a-b+), Ul(a-), K:12, K:13, K:14, K:18. Anti-K11 present in her serum defines a high-frequency red cell antig


Electron microscopic observations on the H antigen sites of human erythrocytes using ferritin antibody conjugates. Using immunoelectron microscopy, the distribution of the H antigen sites on human erythrocytes was observed in 40 samples of adult, newborn and fetal blood of different ABO phenotypes. The attached ferritin particles indicating the H antigen sites conspicuously varied in number from cell to cell in every specimen. The number of H antigen sites per single red cell was estimated on an average for each sample as follows: O, 3 X 10(5); B, 2 X 10(5); A1, 1.5 X 10(5); A1B, 10(5); A2B, 1.5 X 10(5); Ax, 2.5 X 10(5); AxB, 10(5); Bm, 4 X 10(5); Bw(leukemia), 4 X 10(5); O(newborn), 2.5 X 10(5); B(newborn), 3 X 10(5); A1(newborn), 1.5 X 10(5); A1B(newborn), 2 X 10(5); A1B(fetus), 10(5). The cells in each sample were divided into six cell-populatons according to the number of H antigen sites present. The ratios of distribution of such cell populations are compared for all samples.


Detection of an antigen in albumin subjected to repeated heating. Stabilized 5 and 25% normal serum albumin (human) derived from plasma, placentas and plasma-placental blends was subjected to repeated heating at 56 degrees C for 120 h, interspersed with storage at 4 degrees C for 48 h. Immunoelectrophoretic analyses showed that after the ninth heating, 5% plasma albumin developed a component which migrated in the alpha-globulin region and gave a reaction of nonidentity with albumin. This antigen, which was not detected in the other albumin samples, reacted with antiserum prepared against control 5% plasma albumin, indicating that it was present in the latter at an undetectably low concentration.


The rare blood group antigen, Wu.

The rare blood group antigen, Wu. The inheritance of the Wu antigen in three families is described. The observations suggest that the antigen is inherited as a Mendelian dominant character. Wu segregates independently of sex and of the ABO, MNSs, Rh, Lutheran, Duffy and Kidd blood group systems. Independence of Kell is also quite likely. Wu is a very rare antigen. The corresponding antibody is not as infrequent. Anti-Wu occurs as a 'naturally occurring' antibody, often together with antibodies against other rare antigens.


The Vel blood group in northern Sweden.

The Vel blood group in northern Sweden. Using the potent anti-Vel, Paul., a detailed study of the Vel blood group has been made in the Northern region of Sweden. Family studies have shown Vel to be independent of P1, though some association with P groups was detected since P2 was more frequent amongst Vel(-) than expected. The frequency of Vel(-) was 0.0006.


Kx antigen, the McLeod phenotype, and chronic granulomatous disease: further studies. Leukocytes of nine unrelated boys with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease lack Kx antigen. In three of these cases, the red cells also lack Kx and have the McLeod phenotype and abnormal morphology. X-linked chronic granulomatous disease CGD can thus be separated into two types. Type I cases have an antigenic deficiency that is restricted to the phagocytic leukocytes while in type II, the deficiency involves both leukocytes and red cells. Red cells of type II CGD patients have enhanced i antigen activity suggesting that they are under hemopoietic stress. Normal Kx synthesis is directed by an X-linked gene named X1k. Three variants, X2k, X3k, and X4k order the different permutations of leukocyte and red cell Kx antigen production that have been recognized.


Km (1) [Inv (1)] typing of saliva and semen. Km(1) [formerly called Inv(1)] typing of 115 matched serum and saliva samples and of 31 matched serum and semen samples is reported. The use of freezing and thawing to reduce the viscosity of the saliva, which would otherwise cause non-specific aggregation of the red cells used in the test, is described. Problems of antiserum selection and of semen and saliva samples which do not respond to the freezing and thawing treatment are discussed.


Application of a high sensitivity aggregate-haemagglutination test for the diagnosis of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia with a negative direct antiglobulin test. An aggregate-haemagglutination test has been used for determining antierythrocyte autoantibodies. The first antiglobulin variant of the test allows us to establish the presence of antibodies in 33 cases with a negative direct Coombs' test. The test II (antiantiglobulin variant) proved to be positive in 88 cases of auto-immune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) that showed a negative direct Coombs' test and a negative antiglobulin variant. Immunoglobulin G has been revealed in the majority of AIHA patients. IgM has been determined in 1 case of a symptomatic form associated with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. IgA has been recorded in 3 cases with an idiopathic AIHA form and in 6 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Both types of light chains were found on the surface of erythrocytes in all cases of AIHA.


Specificity and possible origin of anti-N antibodies developed by patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis. Studies were performed on two anti-N sera from patients who had formed anti-N antibodies during their period of haemodialysis. No specific inhibition of these antibodies was obtained by extracts prepared from a new and a used dialysis unit, and it was concluded that there was no evidence of a compound in the units which would stimulate production of the anti-N. The specificity of the anti-N's was shown to be against a precursor of MN antigens, since all activity in the sera could be removed by neuraminidase-treated M cells, which expressed MN precursor. Since the anti-N's would react with untreated N cells only at 4 degrees C, but with formaldehyde-treated cells at 4, 25 and 37 degrees C, it was concluded that the specificity of the anti-N's was directed against an antigen developed by red cells after formaldehyde treatment. It is proposed that the production of the anti-N antibodies is stimulated by formaldehyde-treated red cells passing into the patient during re-use of a dialysis unit sterilized with formaldehyde.


Subtypes of hepatitis B surface antigen in native-born and immigrant Israelis. A survey of HBsAg among Jerusalem blood donors revealed a prevalence of 0.89% and a predominance of subtype ay (85%) compared with ad (15%). A simultaneous survey of patients with HBsAg-positive viral hepatitis revealed a similar predominance of ay (85%) compared with ad (15%). The uniform distribution of the dominant ay subtype among both carriers and patients, representing a diversity of ethnic and national origins, supports the premise that ad and ay subtypes are preferentially correlated with regional epidermiologic, rather than host or disease-related factors.


Automated irregular antibody screening on a modified 15-channel blood-grouping machine. The addition of a 15-channel blood-grouping machine of two single-channel antibody screening systems, based on the principles described by Marsh and Lalezari has produced a modified machine capable for detecting most clinically significant irregular body group antibodies with a sensitivity equal to normal manual screening tests.


Collection of lymphocytes on a continuous-flow blood cell separator. Lymphocytes have been collected by continuous flow leukapheresis from cancer patients (pre-treatment) and stored at -190 degrees C in liquid nitrogen as immunological support for intensive chemotherapy. Described here are methods for obtaining maximum yield and viability. Assessments are made of cell count, both during and after leukapheresis, and of viability just prior to storage.


[Chronic encephalomyelitis in white rats and guinea pigs]. During a 2-year observation of white rats and guinea pigs infected with human acute encephalomyelitis virus a typical picture of the disease was observed with exacerbations and remissions quite characteristic of chronic forms of multiple encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis of man. The presence of the virus in animals and marked pathomorphological lesions in the central nervous system were shown not to prevent remissions. The evidence of association of chronic infection with long-term viremia is also important.


[Pathology and immune lysis of cells infected with measles virus isolated from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]. The Si strain isolated from a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis like reference measles virus strains was shown to induce in cell cultures formation of symplasts and spindle-shaped cells, cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions, pathology of mitosis, appearance of intracellular and surface virus-induced antigens. The presence of the latter caused cell cytolysis under the effect of measles immune sera and complement.


[Various biological properties of Aedes cantans irides iridescent virus]. The sedimentation coefficient, molecular weight and the type of nucleic acid of Aedes cantans iridescence virus were determined, and its proteins were analysed in a dissociating system by electrophoresis in polyacylamide gel. Ultrathin sections of affected larvae were examined.


[Experimental morphological study of the vaccination process following aerosol application of lyophilized live influenza A2/Hong Kong and B/USSR vaccines]. A comparative study of immunologic, immunomorphological and morphological responses of the viscera of white rats immunized by aerosol intranasally with lyophilized influenza A2/Hong Kong and B/USSR vaccines with an adjuvant (typhoid antigen) and without it was carried out. Also lung tissues were examined for intracellular inclusions considered to be a morphological indication of influenza virus implantation. No pathological lesions were found in the organs of the immunized animals. It is concluded that the intensity of immunologic and immuno-morphological responses depends upon the method of vaccine application and upon vaccine type but not upon the adjuvant.


[The immunobiological role of alloantigens of host tissue compatibility in the structure of oncornaviruses]. H-2 antigens of mouse cells were shown to be incorporated into the Rauscher virus virion structure. Alloantibody to these antigens neutralized the infectious activity of the virus. Active immunization of mice with H-2 alloantigens reduces susceptibility of the animals to the virus. The experimental results suggest that alloantigens of host tissue compatibility incorporated into the virion membrane determine important immuno-biological properties of Rauscher virus.


[A new experimental model of vaccinia infection]. The pathogenic, infectious, and immunogenic properties of vaccinia virus were studied in various species of small laboratory animals (mice of different ages, Syrian hamsters, guinea pigs, white and cotton rats, rabbits). Cotton rats were found to be most susceptible to the infection. Vaccinia virus in this species causes an acute, frequently lethal infection. The inoculated virus intensively accumulated in parenchymatous organs, and this was accompanied by a marked rise of hemagglutinating and virus-neutralizing antibody levels.


[Electron microscopic studies of cell cultures of various origins]. Thirty-four cell cultures of various origins were examined in the electron microscope. Mycoplasma were found in 31 cultures, A, C and D particles of oncornaviruses in 27 cultures, adenovirus in one culture and paramyxovirus in 8 cultures. Two cultures were found to be virus- and mycoplasma-free. A stringent control of cell cultures for the presence of viruses, mycoplasma or other microbiological agents is recommended.


[Effect of viral vaccines on animal bone marrow cell chromosomes]. A comparative study on the effect of a number of viral vaccines (live and inactivated vaccinia, poliovirus type II, measles, rabies vaccines) on chromosomes of mouse bone marrow cells was carried out. Most vaccines were found to impair the process of first divisions of these cells after vaccination. Live vaccinia vaccine and live fixed rabies virus cause an increase in the rate of structural chromosome aberrations at later intervals, 30-90 days after immunization. The main type of chromosome disorders is chromatid break. Some of the live vaccines studied (poliovaccine type II, measles vaccine) and inactivated vaccines caused no increase in the rate of cromosome structure disorders as compared to the control. Live fixed rabies virus exerts a stronger impairing effect on division of mouse bone marrow cells than a rabies vaccine with residual virulence. A rabies vaccine completely inactivated by UV-irradiation had no impairing effect on chromosomes of immunized animals. Thus, some live vaccines, unlike inactivated ones, cause chromosome disorders in bone marrow cells of mice late after immunization and, apparently, subsequent death of some cells with the most important distrubances.


[Utilization of poly U-cellulose and poly U-sepharose for the study of virus-specific RNA of Newcastle disease virus]. Comparative characteristics of poly(U)-cellulose and poly(U)-sepharose used for the study of virus-specific 18S RNA of Newcastle disease virus are presented. Upon chromatography of 18S NDV RNA on any of these columns, approximately 60-70% RNA was adsorbed. The sorbing RNA contained in poly(A) 10-12% of the total amount of adenosine, in contrast to RNA not adsorbed on the column in which poly(A) contained 1-2% of the total amount of adenosine in RNA molecule. The analysis in sucrose density gradient and polyacryl amide gel of the RNAs eluated from the columns showed RNA chromatography under the conditions used not to cause its degradation. The advantages and short-comings of the sorbents used in studies of virus-specific RNA are discussed.


[Several  "risk factors" in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension]. The observation covers 123 patients (30 males and 43 females). Serum cholesterin and triglycerides of the patients were investigates. All the patients have been put stereotype questions about the preferred kind of main food, body weight changes and nutritional rhythm especially at an early age. The smokers and alcohol consumers were registered. The patients were subdivided into four groups according to their answers: I-without manifested preference to a special type of main food; II - with preference to protein food; III - to carbohydrate and IV - to fats. The formed groups were also characterized by the indices: changes in body weight, nutritional rhythm, body weight above the norm, smoking and alcohol consumption. The results obtained, confirmed the fact that the patients without preference to certain food, are in the habit of rational feeding, comparatively lower lipid indices in serum and the incidence of coronary symptomatics is the lowest in the same group. The scheme according to which the observation was carried out is proposed as a model of epidemiological investigations.


[Effect of furanthril on several hemodynamic indices during the acute stage of myocardial infarction]. Pulmonary arterial pressure, heart rate and peripheral arterial pressure were followed up by the 15th, 45th and 105th minute post intravenous introduction of 40 mg furanthril in patients with myocardial infarction in acute stage (in 42 cases of 12 patients with left cardiac insufficiency and in 14 cases--of 8 patients without cardiac insufficiency). Furanthril induced clearly manifested pressure decrease in the pulmonary artery in patients with left cardiac insufficiency, developing between the 15th and 45th minute and continuing till the end of the second hour and a negligible elevation of peripheral arterial pressure by the 15th minute, followed by a slight decrease of the latter under the initial value by the 45th and 105th minute. Similar tendency, but less manifested, exists and in patients without cardiac insufficiency. Heart rate is kept unchanged. Furanthril does not induce undesirable hypotonic states when applied in those doses in patients who, as a rule, arenot hyptonics.


[Experimental study of rabies virus (Vnukovo-32 strain) persistence in white mice]. The duration of detection of the specific antigen in the cells of the central nervous system (CNS) of mice extraneurally infected with 450, 560 and 4380 LD50 of rabies virus, the Vnukovo-32 strain was studied. The antigen in the CNS cells was detected by the fluorescent antibody technique from the 11th until the 52nd day postinoculation, at 16-34 days being found in 50 to 100% of the experimental animals. In parallel, virus-neutralizing antibody was determined in the blood serum of the infected mice, and their brains were examined for the presence of rabies virus by bioassays. In most cases, serological results correlated with the antigen detection in the brain tissue. At 18, 29 and 34 days rabies virus was isolated from clinically normal mice inoculated subcutaneously, which by all the tests used did not differ from the other experimental animals. The results of the experiments attest to the possibility of rabies virus, the Vnukovo-32 strain, persistence in mice.


[Indications for temporary and permanent cardiac electrostimulation]. The author suggests a classification of the indications for cardiac eletrostimulations based on the analysis of his own clinical observations upon a series of 308 patients, treated by different cardiac electrostimulation methods and upon literature date. The results of his observations are illustrated in four tables, after a brief review of the methods most frequently applied, taking in consideration their positive and negative aspects from a point of view of his observations in comparison to those found in the literature. At the end, practical conclusions are drawn for the proper application of that treatment in everyday clinical practice with a view to raising the problem of founding a department or centre for cardiac electrostimulation, due to the constant number increase of those patients and because this problem is not solved in our country so far.


[Measles antibody in patients with multiple sclerosis at different stages of the disease]. Sixty-nine patients with multiple sclerosis from 12 to 53 years of age were examined. The titre of measles antibody in the blood serum (geometric mean) was 9.0 log2 in the patients and 5.1 log2 in normal subjects of the control group. The antibody titre was found to depend upon the stage of the disease: the sera collected in the period of remission had a titre of 7.3 log2, and those collected in the exacerbation stage 10.7 log2. Nineteen patients were examined both during remission and at the time of exacerbation: their antibody titres were 6.8 and 10.7 log2, respectively. The antibody titre did not depend upon duration of the disease, sex or age of the patients. Antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid was detected in 3 out of 8 patients in the stage of remission and in 6 out of 9 patients in the stage of exacerbation. In 4 out of 11 patients, measles immunoglobulins of the M class were found by means of serum fractionation in sucrose density gradient.


[Stimulation of the inhibiting effect of interferon on the growth of ascitic carcinoma in relation to host responsiveness and cells]. When Krebs-2 ascitic carcinoma is transplanted to mice, administration of interferon may produce either a stimulating or an inhibiting effect on replication of carcinoma cells in the peritoneal cavity depending on the responsiveness of mice (intact or vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus) and the state of the transplanted cells ("common" or "tolerant"). Parallelism was observed in changes of the intensity of cell multiplications and indices of their enzymatic activity under the influence of exogenic interferon.


[Several factors leading to absolute arrythmia in acquired valve defects (preliminary report)]. Some of the most important factors leading to arrhythmia perpetua in acquired valvular diseases are discussed in the paper, with the analysis of the material from 96 patients (68 females and 28 males). A group of 98 patients (73 males and 25 females) with degenerative cardiovascular diseases was parallelly studied. The importance of the time of the onset of the first rheumatic attack is stressed upon as well as upon the number of recidivations upon the valvular defect type and upon the additional degenerative myocardial changes in the evolution of the valvular cardiopathy.


[Cytopathology of cell cultures infected with adenovirus and with a biologically active preparation of its DNA]. Comparative characteristics of cytopathic changes in the cell cultures infected with adenovirus and with a biologically active preparation of adenovirus DNA are presented. The pathological process in the cells infected with the infectious DNA differs from that after virus infection by a shortened time of DNA penetration into the cell and a shortened latent period of infection development. The development of the pathological process in the cell cultures was accompanied by a complex of cytological changes with predominant affection of the nuclei and formation of intranuclear inclusions staining green with acridine orange. The distinctive feature of these changes was the time of their appearance: in cultures infected with the virus inclusions were formed within 12-48 hours, in those infected with DNA within 9-18 hours. The fluorescent antibdoy procedure revealed a virus antigen in these cultures induced by DNA preparationand by the virus, at different stages of its accumulation. The nucleoplasm was the site of specific antigens synthesis. The distribution of the virus antigen in the infected cells corresponds to the morphological pictures of intranuclear inclusions at later stages of infection which confirms the viral nature of the latter. The dynamics of the development of cytological changes and intranuclear inclusions in the infected cells as well as synthesis of a specific antigen in them are directly related to the quantitative accumulation of the virus.


[Effect of the properties of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains ciruclating in nature on the immunity of the Priamurian population]. Strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus isolated from I. persulcatus ticks collected in various landscape zones of Priamurie differ in their invasiveness and hemagglutinating activity. A relationship between these properties of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains and the percentage of immune subjects in the population has been established. The coefficient of the epidemic danger of a landscape zone is described which includes the index of probability of infection and characteristics of the index of strain invasiveness and permits prognosis of the nature of the epidemic process in the area.


[Juvenile struma and development].

[Juvenile struma and development]. Different aspects of the juvenile struma development in children are studied. The object of the investigations were puplis: 260 with juvenile struma and 240--without, aged from 8 to 17. The following indices were used: 1. physical growth--height, bodyweight, growth rate, annual mark in gymnastics; 2. mental development--mean annual marks at school; 3. sexual development--menarche rhythm and duration of menses in girls. All data were processed statistically by rank, non-parametric, variation and despersion analysis. The author thinks that the juvenile struma does not influence the normal progress of growth but is significantly more frequent among rapidly growing-up girls. He concludes that faster parapuberal growth might be the cause of juvenile struma origination.


[Indications and contraindications for oxygen therapy of respiratory insufficiency]. After a critical review of the different opinions, the author differentiates the indications for oxygen treatment of respiratory insufficiency to subjective and objective based on his own experience following a clinical observation of 100 patients with exacerbated chronic respiratory insufficiency, subjected to dosed, controlled and continuous oxygen therapy. The most essential objective indication for oxygen treatment is the manifestation of hypoxemia degree without or with CO2 retention. According to hypoxemia manifestation, determined by PaO2 level, the indications are absolute (with PaO2 under 40 mm Hg), urgent (with PaO2 under 30 mm Hg) and relative (with PaO2 over 50 mm Hg). The application of oxygen treatment with PaO2 over 700 mm Hg as well as the so called "preventive" O2 treatment (with no hypoxemia) is improper with a view to possible harmful side effects of oxygen. Oxygen treatment is contraindicated in all patients with unfavourable ventilation response to oxygen treatment. In case of non-effective O2 treatment (unfavourable ventilation response resp.) mechanical ventilation must be turned to as well as in all cases with patients in respiratory coma.


[Clinical characteristics of the anemic syndrome in chronic renal diseases]. The results from the study of the anemia syndrome in 1100 patients are reported (881 with chronic pyelonephritis, 147 with chronic glomerulonephritis and 72 with endemic nephropathy). Out of them 663 were with preserved renal function, 160 - with compensated and 274 - with decompensated nitrogen retention. Anemia was found in 98.7 per cent of the patients with endemic nephropathy, in 59.2 per cent of the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and in 56.8 per cent of the patients with chronic pyelonephritis. Anemia precedes the manifestations of renal insufficiency in endemic nephropathy. In 36 per cent of the patients with endemic nephropathy it is severe or very severe. Light anemia was found in 44,6 per cent of the patients with chronic pyelonephritis and in those with preserved renal function. Only in the patients with chronic pyelonephritis the values of serum iron are under the normal. The administration of iron preparations in those patients is with good results. In the stage of decompensated renal insufficeincy effect was obtained by often blood transfusions.


[Results of treatment of chronic exacerbated pyelonephritis with unroantiseptics under clinical conditions]. The results are reported from the carried out 701 shortterm therapeutic courses in 527 patients with exacerbated chronic pyelonephritis. The results are considered as "very good" in realization of a full clinical remission (normalization of temperature and ESR), disappearance of leucocyturia and bacteriuria), "good" - in normalization of three of those indices and "withfut effect". Co-trimoxazol (88.3 per cent of the patients), gentamycin (61.7%), ampicillin (58.8%), nelidix acid (57.4%), nitrfuran (55.0%) and choloramphenicol (53.1%) have manifested the highest effectiveness (very good and good effect). In a small number of the treated patients with cephalosporins effect was obtained in 50.0 per cent, with urovalidin - 44.4 per cent and with carbenicillin - 62.5 per cent. According to the authors' opinion the therapeutic schemes for a long-term treatment must include chlorampheniacal, nelidix acid, co-trimoxazol and nitrofuran sometives -amplicillin. Gentamycin, ampicillin and cephalosporins and with indications - some other uroantiseptics must be used in the coping with severe exacerbation of the disease. The authors recommend the chronic intermittent uroantiseptic treatment.


[Isoenzyme characteristics of glucose-6-phosphage dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase of continuous cells from the collection of the Sverdlovsk Research Institute of Virus Infections]. An analysis of isoenzymes of glucose-6-phosphage dehydrogenase (G-6-P-DH) and lactage dehydrogenase (LDH) of continuous cells from the collection of Sverdlovsk Research Institute of Virus Infections was carried out. Seventeen continous human and animal cell lines were examined by electrophoresis in a vertical block of 7% polyacrylamide gel followed by histochemical detection of the enzymes. The HEp-2, HEp-2 clone No. 23, KB, RH, and FL cells were shown to have the electrophoretic motility of G-6-PDG characteristic of HeLa cell line. LEP and SOC cell lines were contaminated with mouse cells. A culture of rat fibroblasts had isoenzymes of G-6-PDG and LDG characteristic of HeLa cell line. The remaining cell lines had the isoenzymatic characteristics corresponding to their species appurtenance.


[Effect of climatic exposure and physical activity on plasma cortisol levels and urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion in patients with hypertension]. Decrease in arterial pressure, mainly manifested in the first 5-10 days, was established in 111 patients with hypertension disease in functional and initial organic stage in the conditions of moderately high mountain (1870 m above sea level) after 25/20 days of complex climatic treatment including: active motor regimen, sun-air exposure and Pevzner diet No 10. Simultaneously the excretion of 17-hydroxicorticosteroids was increased in daily urine. Suprarenal cortex stimulation is best manifested after the first week and is kept till the end of the treatment. Cortisol plasma level was elevated in 42.7 per cent of the patients with hypertension disease with initial values under 15 mkg/100 ml plasma after three hours moderately severe physical activity, carried out in physiological thermal conditions and was decreased with 25.9 per cent with initial levels over 20 mkg/100 ml plasma. Parallely, 17-hydroxicoricosteroids secretion in urine was decreased as well as the systolic and diastolic arterial pressure.


[Changes in hemodynamics in acute myocardial infarct following administration of potassium orotate]. The basic hemodynamic indices prior to and post the treatment with potassium orothate were investigated 25 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The method for quantitative investigation of hemodynamics is used by the dilution of colour indicator and recording of the dilution curves with the ear oximeter. The results obtained are compared with those of a control group of 30 patients with the same disease. The data revealed that in the treatment with potassium orothate a more favourable evolution develops in the values of cardiac output, total peripheral vascular resistance and the volume of the circulating blood. The authors associate the more favourable effect of these indices with a faster recovering of the contractibility of the myocardium.


[Treatment of orthostatic hypotension with dihydrated ergotamine derivatives]. After a brief review on the orthostatic disturbances in the regulation of blood circulation the author stresses upon the treatment of the orthostatic hypotonia with dihydrated ergotamine derivatives (Dihydergot retard). A favourable effect was obtained in 59 patients (84.3%) out of the treated 45 patients with secondary orthostatic hypotonia and 25 patients with primary hypotonia. The treatment of orthostatic hypotonia with dihydrated ergotamine derivatives was emphazised to be pathogenetically grounded, because tones the venous system (system of low pressure) and eliminates the developed contraregulatory sympathicotonia. Its combination with low doses of sympathominetics improves even more the effect.


[Acute myocardial infarct in a patient with multiple sclerosis]. The authors discuss the progress of acute myocardial infarction in a male subject, aged 39 suffering multiple sclerosis for 11 years. The progress of the infarction is severe but with a favourable outcome. It comes to confirm the literature survey of the existence of a correlation between the neurologic disturbance with the accompanying disturbances in lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, increased blood coagulation ability and the ischemic heart disease. The incidence (10%) of multiple sclerosis among the neurologic diseases of organic nature and the affect of people in their most productive age (20-40) and the mutual relationship with the ischemic heart disease brings for the necessity of a early detection and treatment of the present coronary insufficiency, parallelly with the basic disease, in order to improve the prognosis of those patients.


Gallium-67 scintigraphy and intraabdominal sepsis. Clinical experience in 140 patients with suspected intraabdominal abscess. In 140 patients with suspected intraabdominal abscess, studies were made using gallium-67 citrate and technetium-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals. Gallium-67 scintigrams correctly localized 52 of 56 intraabdominal abscesses confirmed at surgical operation or necropsy. In an additional 20 patients in whom findings on scintigrams were abnormal, there were clinically established infections. Sixty-one patients in whom findings on scintigrams were normal were conservatively managed and discharged from the hospital; none proved to have an abscess. Four false-negative and three false-positive studies were recorded. Gallium-67 scintigraphy is a useful noninvasive diagnostic adjunct that should be employed early in the evaluation of patients with suspected intraabdominal sepsis.


Varicocele and infertility in men.

Varicocele and infertility in men. Varicocele is an important cause of infertility in men. The exact mechanism by which varicocele depresses spermatogenesis is unknown but probably the retrograde flow of blood rich in catecholamines into the testes plays a major role. Because subfertile semen qualities are present in a large percentage of men with varicocele and because the response to surgical procedures is very good, high ligation of the left internal spermatic vein is recommended in men with varicocele and infertility.


[Prognosis in primary malignant melanoma based on histological assessment (a comparative study between two groups with different length of survival)]. In this retrospective study, sixty patients with primary malignant melanoma running a highly variable course (long- and short-term survivors) were reviewed histologically. In contrast to reports by other workers, a constant histological reaction pattern was selected, whereas the host reaction was the variable factor studied. In the majority of long-term survivors the tumour was surrounded by a dense lympho-histiocytic infiltrate, which was minimal or even absent in patients with a short-term survival rate. In the patients with long-term survival the peritumour connective tissue was definitely increased, whereas in the group in which the disease ran a short course there was destruction of peritumour connective tissue. The importance of these findings as an additional parameter for histological prognosis is discussed.


[Immunotherapy of malignant melanoma (active specific and non-specific immune stimulation) (author's transl)]. A prospective study was carried out on patients with stage I to III malignant melanoma. Following tumour resection these patients were treated with membrane extracts of autologous tumor tissue and BCG (Pasteur) or BCG alone by intradermal injections weekly for a minimum period of 6 months. They were followed up immunologically by delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions: skin tests with recall antigens, PHA, with autologous tumour membrane extracts and challenge to 2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The lymphocytic reactivity was assessed in vitro by means of the direct lymphocytic migration inhibition assay, purified tuberculin and autologous or allogoneic tumour extracts being used as antigens; the lymphocytic blastogenic response to PHA was also investigated. This study, which includes the data of 50 patients, demonstrates that it is possible to increase tumour--specific and general immune reactivity by this form of treatment.


[Systemic candidiasis in the severely burned patient (author's transl)]. As a result of progress in the modern treatment of burns, systemic candidosis (CA), in the sense of "surviving mycoses", has become increasingly frequent. The site of entry is not usually the wound, but the intestinal tract, which becomes overgrown by the yeasts as a consequence of the requisite therapy with antibacterial antibiotics in high dosage. Passage of the organism into the circulation occurs by persorption. In view of the bad prognosis of systemic CA, it is essential to recognize its incipient development and counteract by timely prophylactic measures, primarily sterilization of the intestine. In a developed case os systemic CA, the chances of cure improve with rapidity of recognition of the infection and initiation of treatment. Early diagnosis of the infection is achieved by the regular quantitative determination of the organism in the faeces, in urine and blood, as well as in swabs of mucous membranes and the wounds and, above all, by serological examination (movement of titre). The practical problems of the disease are demonstrated and discussed on the basis of 2 cases treated in this department.