[The effect of kallikrein on sperm motility (author's transl)]. The effect of kallikrein (240 KE/week i.m. or 600 KE/day orally) on the sperm count, sperm motility and morphology was investigated in 27 patients with pathological ejaculate findings. Kallikrein was administered over a period of 9 to 12 weeks. A significant increase in sperm motility was observed in patients with asthenospermia. No influence was noted on the ejaculate findings in patients with oligospermia. Interference between the kallikrein-kinin system and sperm motility is postulated.


[Reactions to tick-borne encephalitis vaccination (authors transl)]. No serious side effects with resultant permanent disability were encountered amongst 1457 patients receiving tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccination. However, generalized and local reactions occurred in a high percentage of cases following the first vaccination. Fever, headache and vomiting were frequently encountered together. Over 50% of the children under 10 reacted with pyrexia of varying degree up to 39 degrees C, but the temperature seldom exceeded this mark. These reactions began immediately (usually in the night) after the vaccination and generally disappeared after one to two days (rarely longer). During this time a decrease in work efficiency must be expected in a high percentage of vaccinated patients. On the other hand, complete inability to work was recorded in a small percentage of cases only. After the second vaccination (four weeks later) side effects such as fever appeared significantly less frequently, but local reactions were more common. Hence, limitation of work ability over a short period must be anticipated in a relatively high percentage of cases receiving their second dose of TBE vaccine.


[Functional gastric surgery (author's transl)]. Twenty years of intensive clinical and experimental research have resulted in the successful development of a modern model of gastric secretory and motility physiology as a basis for further differentiating work in this field. Conventional gastric resection as principal method in the treatment of benign hypersecretory gastroduodenal ulcers seems to be superseded by selective proximal vagotomy with pyloroplasty on the basis of excellent results with this procedure. Selective proximal vagotomy can be carried out in place of the standard Billroth resection procedure in 80% of cases. However, the attainment of technical perfection by a few skilled specialist surgeons at selected centres and the precise evaluation of gastric secretion data both pre- and postoperatively are prerequisites for a successful outcome.


[Surgery at a regional hospital: conditions, scope and results (author's transl)]. A ten-year survey is presented of the operative procedures carried out in the Department of Surgery at a regional hospital in a rural area. The requirements to be met in this type of hospital necessitate the inclusion of bordering disciplines; obstetrics and gynaecology, for examples, belonged to our domain until 1970. Teamwork by a well-trained staff and small technical modifications of surgical procedures can combine with the favourable psychological background in such a hospital and its more personal atmosphere on account of its relatively small size to enable optimum treatment. Endoscopy is frequently employed and assumes a very important role as diagnostic tool in the absence of more sophisticated appliances. Certain findings of apparent interest, as well as noteworthy complications and the causative factors involved are discussed and compared with the literature.


[Corrective surgical procedures following partial gastrectomy for gastro-duodenal ulcer (authors transl)]. Corrective surgical procedures for postgastrectomy syndromes are well-established in abdominal surgery. The indications for early corrective intervention are clearly defined on the basis of the patients' postoperative course. Corrections at a later date should only be considered in presence of major symptoms which did not respond to conservative therapy and following careful morphological and functional assessment of the patient. An analysis of gastric acid secretion should be carried out before and after the operation. The aim of corrective interventions is the restitution, as far as possible, of physiological conditions: prevention of rapid gastric emptying and reduction of gastric hypersecretion. Through postoperative follow-up examination of the patients over many years is essential. The case history, operation technique and outcome is presented in this review of 92 patients treated at the First Department of Surgery, University of Vienna and the findings are discussed.


[Diagnosis of duodenal ulcer by endoscopy (authors transl)]. A description is given of the endoscopic diagnosis of duodenal ulcer in 219 cases and follow-up control examinations in 58 cases. Endoscopic examination possesses distinct advantages over previously-used diagnostic procedures. Diagnosis by endoscopy is not only reliable, but gives, furthermore, exact information on localization and degree of activity of the duodenal ulcer. Moreover, it is possible to draw conclusions with regard to the prognosis on the basis of morphological criteria. This gain in information appears so valuable that nowadays endoscopy should not be omitted in the investigation of cases of duodenal ulcer.


[The diagnostic significance of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography in so-called post-cholecystectomy syndrome (authors transl)]. A total of 47 patients with symptoms of socalled post-cholecystectomy syndrome was investigated using endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP). An organic cause was found in 31 cases; pathological findings were recorded in the biliary tract in 20 cases, in the pancreatic system in 4 cases and in other organs in the remaining 7 cases. ERCP is a very valuable method for pre- and postoperative examination of the patient. When complaints after cholecystectomy exist, organic changes of the biliary and extrabiliary system have to be excluded. In the majority of pancreatic and biliary disorders an optimum diagnostic evaluation is only possible with the aid of ERCP. This method represents a valuable additional tool for preoperative diagnosis in respect to the indications for biliary surgery and the surgical management of the case, especially when re-operation has to be considered.


[Giant prepyloric aberrant pancreas with acute gastric haemorrhage (authors transl)]. A description is given of the clinical symptoms, radiological features and pathological findings in this report of a large, pseudotumorous aberrant pancreas located in the stomach of a 52-year-old male patient. The presenting complication was a gastro-intestinal haemorrhage necessitating gastric resection. Questions pertaining to the clinical diagnosis are extensively discussed.


[Intestinal metabolism of plasma free fatty acids (authors transl)]. Since certain reports in the literature suggested utilization of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) by intestinal mucosa, a study was undertaken to investigate the mucosal metabolism of plasma FFA in rats. Two minutes after i.v. injection of 14C-palmitic acid, mucosal radioactivity was 1% of the administered radioactivity. Of mucosal radioactivity 42% was in water-soluble metabolites, 28% in phospholipids and only 16% in triglycerides. The use of dual labelling revealed marked differences in the metabolism of palmitic acid entering the intestinal mucosa simultaneously from the lumen (3H-palmitic acid) and plasms (14C-palmitic acid): whereas limitlasms (14C-palmitic acid): whereas luminal palmitate was chiefly esterified to triglycerides, plasma palmitate was preferentially oxidized and incorporated ino phospholipids. Villi did not differ from crypts in this regard, indicating that the intestinal metabolism of long-chain fatty acids depends on the site of entry into epithelial cells. Glucose administration did not affect the intestinal metabolism of plasma FFA. However, intraduodenal ethanol inhibited mucosal oxidation of plasma FFA by 60% and simultaneously increased incorporation into triglycerides twofold. During fat absorption the uptake of plasma FFA into intestinal mucosa doubled.


Metabolism of 1,4-dihydro-6-trifluoromethylquinoxaline-2,3-dione (Lilly 72525) in rats and cats. 1. The metabolism of 1,4-dihydro-6-trifluoromethylquinoxaline-2,3-dione (Lilly 72525), a sedative hypnotic drug, was studied in rat and cat. 2. Plasma concentrations of Lilly 72525 were measured fluorometrically after oral and intravenous doses of the compound in rats. A comparison of the area under the two curves suggested that 84% of the oral dose was absorbed. 3. Studies with 14C-labelled material in both species confirmed that the drug was well absorbed after oral administration and revealed that the dione was mainly eliminated unchanged in the urine. Bile duct cannulation experiments suggested that biliary excretion accounted for most or all of the drug present in faeces of rats. 4. Metabolites isolated from urinary extracts by t.l.c. were identified by g.l.c.-mass spectrometry. The only metabolite detected in rat urine or bile extracts was a ring-hydroxylated compound. This metabolite plus two N-hydroxylated metabolites were identified in extracts of cat urine.


The metabolism of biphenyl by isolated viable rat hepatocytes. 1. The metabolism of biphenyl by isolated viable rat hepatocytes has been studied and a tentative scheme of metabolism proposed which involves initial hydroxylation at the 2- and 4-positions followed by conjugation and/or further hydroxylation of these primary metabolites. 2. Biphenyl was toxic to viable hepatocytes when used at a concentration approaching that used in conventional microsomal assay systems. 3. The production of small amounts of 4-hydroxybiphenyl appears to activate its subsequent conjugation. 4. The data presented in this paper integrate previous results obtained with cell fractions, and demonstrates the importance of the isolated, viable hepatocyte system as a model for total drug metabolism.


Metabolic demethylation of the insecticide dimethylvinphos in rats, in dogs, and in vitro. 1. The alkenyl phosphate insecticide, dimethylvinphos, is rapidly metabolized and eliminated by rats and dogs. 2. Metabolism proceeds via demethylation followed by the hydrolysis of desmethyl dimethylvinphos to 2,4-dichlorophenacyl chloride which is further metabolized mainly to 2,4-dichloromandelic acid, 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanol (glucuronide) and 2,4-dichlorphenylethanediol (glucuronide). 3. The dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenacyl chloride to 2,4-dichloroacetophenone proceeds via the spontaneous formation of S-(2,4-dichlorophenacyl) glutathione which is converted to the ketone by an enzyme-catalysed glutathione-dependent reaction. 4. Demethylation of dimethylvinphos occurs in liver fractions via the action of two enzymes: glutathione S-methyl transferase in the cytosol, and microsomal mono-oxygenase. The relatively high activities of both enzymes in dog liver (compared with rat liver) partly account for the observed differences in metabolism and toxicity of dimethylvinphos in the two species. 5. The glutathione transferase is enhanced twofold by pre-treatment of rats with 0-1% phenobarbital in their drinking water. This treatment also induces the microsomal demethylation 45-fold and results in a greater than 13-fold protective effect against the acute toxic effects of dimethylvinphos.


The metabolism of chlorpromazine in the neonatal guinea-pig. The metabolism of chlorpromazine in the neonatal guinea-pig has been studied. Maximal urinary excretions of sulphoxide occurred at 5 and 14 days, maximum excretion of both conjugated phenols and glucuronides at about 10 and 18 days.


Subcellular localization and some properties of the N-deacetylase of the Cestode Moniezia expansa. 1. Acetanilide, acetamidophenol, acetanisidide, acetamidobenzoic acid and acetamidobenzaldehyde were hydrolysed by enzyme preparations from Moniezia expansa. Deacetylation occurred in the distal cytoplasm of the proglottids. 2. N-Deacetylase activity was found in the 75 000g supernatant of the tapeworm homogenates. The molecular weight of the enzyme was about 95 000. 3. The optimal pH of deacetylation for all substrates was 7-4. Dithiothreitol enhanced the reaction, but glutathione and cysteine were without effect. 4. Deacetylase activity was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, N-ethylmaleimide, Zn++, Cu++ and anthelmintic organophosphates.


Multi-hit theory of the origin of life: problems of growth rate of protobionts and of speed of earliest evolution. I. The previously proposed theory of biogenesis being a multi-hit process (due to random assemblage, within an aggregate of abiogenic nucleic acids (NAs) and proteins, of a set of functional molecules necessary for primitive life) is developed further taking into account speed of reactions and reproduction of protobionts, random distribution of functional molecules in protocell fission, and speed of earliest evolution. A hypothetical model of a protobiont being possibly ancestral to "our" life is designed. Probabilities of a multi-hit origin of such protobionts are estimated accounting not only for inclusion by chance of functional protein and NA molecules but also for exclusion of deleterious enzymes, and respecting the number of possible primitive codes. It is shown that "fluid organisms" are impossible and that individuation is a key structure of life. Life based on only NA (genobiosis) in contrast to life with genotype (NA) plus phenotype (protein) being infinitely evolvable (holobiosis), and life based on proteins alone are discussed. It is shown that protein + NA-life is in favour to those other life forms, and that the probability of origin of at least simple types of of holobiotic protobionts might be high enough for repeated biogeneses under early earth conditions. Though protobionts may have had generation times of 10(3) years speed of early evolution as well as stability of functional molecules could have been sufficient for allowing of evolution to reach the level of procaryots within the 10(8) to 10(9) years available.


[Objective graded increase of stenosing coronary artery processes using quantitative analysis of pathologico-anatomical data and their relationships. 3. Extension and discussion of the model]. On the basis of the demonstrated mathematical valuations of pathologo-anatomical influence sizes on the defined myocardial infarction the model is extened by the calculation of total numbers for the purpose of simpler use in medical practice. The statistical influence of the characteristics on the formation of the arithmetical measure medium XI of the group with infarctions for the position of the stenosis times degree of stenosis is determined left-sided with 30.0% and right-sided with 42.3%, the heart mass is determined with 25.9% and the barriers of the ostium as well as the type of supply with 1.8%. For the judgment of the functional capacity of the developed model it is used in 126 intravitally coronarographed patients, in whom no myocardial infarction was to be proved. The false coordination is 4 cases (3.2%). Consequently, the developed model is evident not only for the initial material. It is usable post mortem and intravitally. Apart from the judgment of the severity of the stenosing coronary arteriosclerosis it serves intravitally for the estimation of the endangering by myocardial infarction. Criterion for the estimation of the degree of endangering is the distance from the point of separation TP = 558 (values of the arthmetical measure) and TP = 122 (total number).


[Endocrine disorders in patients with essential hypertension]. Patients with so-called essential hypertension are heterogenous concerning the behaviour of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. They may display low, normal or high plasma renin activity. In a certain number  of patients other hormonal abnormalities can also be deomonstrated. Among these abnormalities the following are to be mentioned: elevated aldosteronaemia, decreased metabolic clearance of aldosterone, lack of suppressibility of aldosteronaemia and plasma renin activity after salt load, elevated plasma level of 18-OH-DOC and progesterone. Only in some patients with essential hypertension disturbances of the metabolism of catecholamines can be stated. This could indicate, that altered activity of the sympathetic nervous system may be a pathogenetic factor in the development of essential hypertension only in some of the patients. The role of prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension is not yet proved.


[Significance of spike potentials in the sinus nodes and atrial conduction system during interpretation of bundle-of-his electrography]. The article deals with the issues of the His bundle electrogram (HBE) analysis, using the spike potentials of the sinus node and the atrial conductive tracts for the interpretation of the HBE. The HBE and the atrium spike potentials have been recorded in 40 dogs and in 307 patients. According to our data the onset of the A-wave on the IcECG begins in some msec earlier than the onset of the P-wave on the standard ECG leads. The spike potentials of the sinus node have been recorded directly at the sinus node area, the onset of which begins in 20-40 msec earlier than the onset of the P-wave. By our data the atrial A-wave recorded from the right atrium on the IcECG consists of the slow wave showing summary effect of the atrium depolarization and the three spikes (A1, A2, A3). They are recorded at the beginning (A1) middle (A2) and the end (A3) of the P-wave and reflect the quick impulse spread through the atrium conductive tracts. The moment of the impulse coming to the AV nodes is reflected by the atrial spike A2. The time of the impulse spread from the sinus node to the AV node shows exactly the interval from the onset of the spike potential of the sinus node till the spike A2. The interval from the spike A2 to the H-potential (A2-H) shows the impulse spread time through the AV node. The recording of the HBE and the atrium spike potentials was performed by means of the microcatheter of own construction (with the unipolar electrodes, external diameter of which does not exceed 1 mm) after our method of the heart microcatheterization through the subclavian vein.


[Doubtfullness of the diagnosis diabetic neuropathy]. The diabetic neuropathy is sufficiently to be defined neither from the point of view of diabetes nor from neurological findings. There are no diagnostic criteria appliable to the individual case. Therefore, the diagnosis diabetic neuropathy is to be valuated as exclusion diagnosis. It presumes above all a careful clarification of the neurological syndrome present taking into consideration all diseases of muscles, nerves and spinal cord which are of importance in differential diagnosis. Instead of issuing from the alternative diabetogenic or nondiabetogenic, the possibility of pathogenetic combinations should rather be taken into consideration. It seems to be suitable to avoid the name diabetic neuropathy in practice and to speak only of a neuropathy or polyneuropathy (which is possibly to be described more exactly) in diabetes.


[Significance of plasma-protein paracoagulation test in the diagnosis of thromboembolic the disease]. Fibrinogen degradation products were examined by plasma protamine paracoagulation test in 235 cases. The test was positive in about 60% of thrombosis of deep veins, pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction cases examined. The test was also positive in 23,4% of women taking oral contraceptives who were free of complaints and symptoms. Because of its easy applicability the test is recommended for screening.


[Modification of the isoprenaline-induced myocardial necrosis using trapidil]. Trapidil increases the isoprenalin-induced necrosis of the myocardium in the rat. In the paper is referred to the importance of the term of application in relation to the application of the infarcting noxa. Trapidil has a particularly unfavourable effect, if it is given after isoprenalin. The shift of the relation from the oxygen requirement to the oxygen supply by beta-adrenergic stimulation is regarded as an equivalent for the acute ischaemia. The authors see a connection between the phosphodiesterase-inhibiting activity of trapidil and the influence of the size of necrosis after the application of isoprenalin in the rat. These findings have also clinical importance, as the area of indication explicitly includes the application after fresh myocardial infarction and in acute pectanginous attack.


[The function of the hydrokinetic and ekbolic pancreas after acute pancreatitis]. Thirteen patients were investigated 3-4 weeks (I. examination) and 3-5 months (II. examination) after the ceasing of the signs symptoms of an acute pancreatitis concerning their hydrokinetic and ekbolic pancreas-functions. In addition, the pancreatic ducts were demonstrated by ERCP. Reduction of the secretion were shown in 31% at the I. examination and in 23% at the II. examination. There were significant differences in the outputs of bicarbonate, trypsine and chymotrypsine compared to healthy test persons at the I. examination. At the II. examination, however, no significant differences could be observed compared to healthy test persons. The exocrine function of the pancreas was getting worse during the interval between the I. and II. examination in 2 cases but it became normal in 5 cases. Pathological alterations at the pancreativ-duct-system were not demonstrable shown at all.


[Thévenard ulcero-mutilating acro-osteopathy syndrome]. A 20-year old female patient with characteristic symptoms of acroosteolysis of the left foot (sensory neuropathy, ulcers and hyperkeratosis on the acra, acroosteolysis and peroneal muscleatrophy) is described. The syndrome manifested in early childhood, heridity could not be found. Correspondence to the familial type of acroosteolysis (of Thevenard) as a new mutation is discussed.


[Primary multiple malignant melanomas of unusually long duration]. In 1975, 117 patients with malignant melanoma attented the Department of Dermatology at the University of Cologne, and three of these had had a superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) over a long period-one patient most probably for more than 25 years. With these patients another primary malignant melanoma developed, though not a metastasis. It appears that SSM gives no protection against other melanomas of the superficial or nodular type. In comparison, a 70-year-old patient had had a pigmented tumour for about 40 years and this suddenly spread five years ago; however, at least some of the metastases regressed to form vitiligo-like lesions surrounding deposits of melanin in macrophages. In this case the spontaneous regression did not protect the patient against new metastases in the lymph nodes and probably in the liver as well.


Cellular and humoral immunity to adrenal antigens in patients with idiopathic Addison's disease. Cell-mediated immunity to various adrenal antigen preparations--crude extract, mitochondria and microsomes--has been investigated by means of the migration inhibition of mononuclear cells in 19 patients with established diagnosis of idiopathic Addison's disease (IAD), in 1 patient with suspected Addison's disease and in 20 controls. Adrenal antibodies were determined by immunofluorescence technique. In 13 of the IAD patients significant migration inhibition (MI) could be observed with mitochondria and in 12 patients with crude extract. In addition, MI, although less pronounced, could be detected with microsomes in 12 IAD patients. In one of the controls slight inhibition was observed with all the antigens used and in another stimulation of lymphocyte migration with crude extract could be observed. Adrenal antibodies were detected in 11 of the patients investigated. No correlation could be found between duration of the disease and humoral or cellular immune reactions to adrenal antigens.


Adjuvant and suppressor activity of the polycation protamine hydrochloride in the primary immune response of mice. The effect of protamine hydrochloride (PH), a polycation, on the primary immune response of mice to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was studied. Like other adjuvants, PH enhances or depresses the immune response depending on the time of injection of PH in relation to the antigenic challenge. The suppressive effect of PH correlated with the appearance of "activated" macrophages in the peritoneal cavity. A second injection of PH together with antigen abolished this suppressive effect. Transfer of "activated" macrophages resulted in an enhanced immune response when antigen was administered at the time of transfer, and in a depressed response when the antigen was given 1 or 2 days after transfer. It is concluded that the duration of the influence of "activated" macrophages on T or B cells determines the subsequent immune reactivity. It is discussed that the basic mechanism of action of PH is its ability to release lysosomal enzymes from macrophages. The mechanism by which these enzymes amplify the immune response remains to be clarified.


HLA antigen segregation analysis in multiple sclerosis (MS) families. HLA antigen segregation analysis was performed in 38 families with a total of 52 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients including 14 families with 2 affected sibs. HLA-A3 and especially B7 occurred more frequently in familial MS cases (propositi) (A3: 42.9%, B7: 64.3%) than in non-familial cases (A3: 35.8%, B7: 35.3%). As could be expected from the increased phenotype frequencies of A3 and B7, the haplotype A3-B7 showed a disturbed segregation among the MS patients but not among their healthy sibs. A second haplotype, A1-B8, was found more frequently than expected among the MS patients but also among their unaffected sibs. These data may suggest increased MS susceptibility associated with the haplotype A3-B7 and, conversely autoimmune or protective properties associated with A1-B8 in MS patients and their healthy sibs, respectively.


Algorithm for the computation of plausibilities of paternity in the HLA system. An algorithm for the calculation of plausibilities of paternity for the HLA system is presented, which is based on the concept of the game of domino. The algorithm can be used for any system with 2 linked autosomal loci and can be easily reduced or extended to systems with 1 locus or more than 2 linked loci.


[Improvement of flow properties using Arwin in acute experimental infarct]. Reduction of blood viscosity by arwin in the acute experimental infarction. The effect of 1 unit/kg arwin on the extent of the ischemic area following ligation of a branch of the left descending coronary artery (LAD) was studied in 13 anesthetized open-chest dogs. 10 min infusion of Arwin veginning simultaneously with coronary occlusion lead to a decrease in plasma fibrinogen concentration by 69% 60 min after the end of the infusion, whereas in the control group (NaCl-infusion, 13 dogs) no equivalent decrease occurred. The average ST-segment elevation (ST) and the number of sites exhibiting ST-segment elevation (NST) in the epicardial Ecg were 9 mV and 5.0 15 min after the end of the infusion (25 min after coronary occlusion) in the Arwin-treated group and 11 mV resp. 5.9 in the control group. In the following 105 min no alteration in the electrocardiographic evidence of infarction occurred in both groups. 15 min reperfusion (after release of coronary ligation) decreased the ischemic injury in both groups significantly: arwin -group ST 4.1 mV, NST 3.0, control 3.9 mV resp. 3.5. During coronary occlusion ST-elevation was significantly less in borderline areas than in the center of the infarction, a reduction of the ischemic injury by arwin in these different zones, however, could also not be established. Hemodynamic alterations were similar in both groups. Systolic, mean and diastolic aortic pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure and heart rate remained nearly constant during 130 min of coronary occlusion, left ventricular dp/dtmax declined by 17%. 25 min after occlusion of the branch coronary flow in the LAD decreased by 38%, after 130 min by 48%. After 15 min reperfusion the reactive hyperemic response had declined to preocclusion levels. A statistically significant difference in the occurence of reperfusion arrhythmias between the arwin -treated group (25%) and control group (39%) could not be evaluated. There was no evidence that a decrease in blood viscosity produced by lowering of fibrinogen concentration concomitantly with coronary occlusion could reduce electrocardiographic assessment of myocardial injury. Conversely, the effects of arwin on impending infarction and severe angina pectoris cannot be predicted from these results. An increase in infarct size, however, which could have occurred after infusion of arwin leading to microembolization by fibrinogen degradation products was never observed.


[Congenital defects of the left-sided pericardium]. Three patients with congenital absence of the left pericardium and one patient with a partial left pericardial defect are described. Congenital absence of the left pericardium is characterized roentgenologically by levoposition of the heart, a prominent pulmonary artery segment and cardiac apex, interposition of lung between the left hemidiaphragm and the base of the heart, and unusual mobility of the heart. The electrocardiogram frequently shows right axis deviation, an incomplete right bundle branch block and leftward displacement of the transition zone in the precordial leeds. The anomaly has often been mistaken for other heart disease. As an isolated anomaly it is benign and does not require any treatment. Patients with a partial defect of the left pericardium can only be diagnosed lcinically if the left atrial appendage herniates through the defect. The herniation produces a protruding shadow along the left heart border and can be demonstrated angiographically and by fluoroscopy. In isolated cases death caused by herniation and strangulation of larger parts of the heart through a partial left pericardial defect has been described.


[The natural course of great ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension in childhood]. The development of pulmonary vascular resistance was studied in 33 children with large ventricular septal defects, whose first heart catheterization had been accomplished during the first year of life and who had been recatheterized at least once before surgery had been performed. In 6 children infundibular stenosis developed, which was already seen during the first investigation in 5 cases. The other 27 patients were divided into 4 groups according to the left to right shunt ( less than 60%' greater than 59%) and to the pulmonary arterial pressure (PPsyst: PSsyst less than 80 : 100; PPsyst: PSsyst greater than 79 : 100). The results show that secondary elevatin of pulmonary vascular resistance after an initial fall is a frequent phenomenon, but that in some cases pulmonary vascular resistance is never low. In some other cases pulmonary vascular resistance does not rise again after the initial fall inspite of a high left to right shunt, sporadically because the defect has become smaller. The results are not in full agreement with the concept of Hoffman and Rudolph, who generally postulate an initial fall of pulmonary vascular resistance and who concede a later elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance only as consequence of a secondary re-increase. The concept of Bloomfield, on the other hand, seems suitable to interprete the different patterns.


[Myocardial function of the right ventricle in coronary disease]. In 19 patients with healed myocardial infraction and normal right ventricular pressures, right and left ventricular volumes (biplane cineangio), ejection fractions and pressures were measured. Twelve of the patients had proximal severe stenosis of the right coronary artery (Group A), which was not diseased in seven patients (Group B). RV mean velocity of diameter shortening (VD) and LV mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening Vcf) were calculated. Group A and B had similar RV systolic pressures (26.3 +/- 1.0 and 24.7 +/- 2.1 mm Hg) and LV hemodynamics (LVP: 127.5 +/- 5.9 and 122.1 +/- mm Hg, LVPED: 13.1 +/- 1.0 and 13.9 +/- 1.0 mm Hg, LVEF: 45.3 +/- 3.8 and 48.4 +/- 4.6%, Vcf: 0.768 +/- 0.114 and 0.861 +/- 0.123 circ/s). Only LVEDV was significantly higher in Group A (135.3 +/- 6.0 and 103.7 +/- 5.4 ml/m2). RVEDV (Group A: 131.4 +/- 4.5 and Group B: 87.9 +/- 4.8 ml/m2), RVEF (48.8 +/- 1.9 and 56.0 +/- 1.0%), RVPED (6.1 +/- 0.8 and 4.0 +/- 0.4 mm Hg) and VD (0.628 +/- 0.049 and 1.073 +/- 0.082 D/s) indicated significantly impaired RV function in Group A. It can be concluded that coronary artery disease of the right coronary causes significant functional impairment of the right ventricular myocardium.


[Volume parameters of the right and left ventricles in coronary disease with and without myocardial infarct]. In 58 patients (pts) with coronary heart disease volume parameters of both ventricles were determined from two angiograms . Four groups of pts were formed according to localization of left ventricular damage: group I (24 PTS) without myocardial infarction, group II (17 pts) with anterior wall infarction (AWI), group III (9pts) with inferior wall infarction (IWI), and group IV (8 pts) with AW and IWI. In group I enddiastolic volume (EDV) of the left ventricle (LV) was 135 +/- 61 ml/1.73 m2, of the right ventricle (RV) 145 +/- 62 ml/1.73 m2, the ejection fraction (EF) 74% (LV) and 66% (RV). In group II EDV of LV increased significantly (194 +/- 88) and EF decreased to 50%, whereas EDV and EF of RV remaine unchanged. In group III EDV (LV 160 +/- 46, RV 172 +/- 95) of both ventricles was increased and EF (LV 57%, RV 58%) decreased, In group IV a more pronounced increase in EDV (LV 218 +1- 58, RV 181 +/- 30) and decrease in EF (LV 46%, RV 48%) was seen. A disturbance in contraction of RV was observed only in cases with IWI of LV. In contrast to LV, a diffuse impairment of RV occured. It was assumed that in RV disturbances in contraction exceeded the extent of scarred areas which might be explained by partially  reversible ischemic disturbances of function.


[Heart diagnostics using M-mode echography. Continuing registration of transverse internal left ventricular diameters. II. Determination in patients with myocardial insufficiency with special reference to ischemic heart disease]. Relative Cross-sectional area Differences (RCD) and Relative mean Velocity of Contraction (RVC) are easily, quickly and precisely determined by means of impulse-reflected ultrasound. They were recognized to be highly invariant under physiological conditions and thus were considered as sensitively regulated heart-dynamic-parameters. (his paper reports about a total of 395 examinations on patients with myocardial disease and on normal subjects. Various pathogenic factors are included excepting patients with myocardial infarction. In all subgroups there is a decrease of RCD and RVC with increasing degrees of cardiac disease. Correlating the angiocardiographically determined left-ventricular ejection fraction with both parameters, they show a significant linear relationship. Even in clinically latent myocardial disease the echocardiographic parameters are defnitely reduced. Small changes of myocardial function, e.g. under digoxin and in different degrees of uremic heart disease with uremic cardiomyopathy, can be recognized by RCD and RVC under exclusion of extracardiac factors. Physical tests during exercise confirm the observed trends. The typical changes of the echocardiographic parameters in myocardial disease, permitting a sharp discrimination of pathologic values with their small physiological variability, identify RCD and RVC as sensitive parameters of the mechanical function of the myocardium in the range of validity that was examined. The described properties and the lack of discomfort to the patient suggest a number of important indications of this method.


[Measurements of the tensile force in the halo-pelvic apparatus and in the halo-Milwaukee brace (author' transl)]. A measuring device for static and dynamic recordings of the tensile force in the halo-pelvic apparatus and in the halo-Milwaukee brace was developed. The results present a survey of the tensil forces being effective during the preoperative traction in dependence on the extension distance and the duration of the treatment. The considerable variations of the tensile force, especially the high peak values, which were recorded during the normal day-to-day routine of the patients in the ward room, lead to the conclusion, that halo-gravity or halo-femoral traction is to be preferred to traction by the halo-pelvic apparatus or by the halo-Milwaukee-brace.


Biographical situation of scoliotic children and their relationship to the social environment(author's transl). Studies were conducted to determine whenther or not scoliosis in childhood affects the behavior and experience of the affected children. Two groups of scoliotic and nonscoliotic children were examined with selected psychological tests. No differences could be found in regard to neuroticism, extraversion, manifest fear or the children's self-image. Differences were found in regard to the social environment which scoliotic children experienced as more demanding and supportive. As a result they were more concerned with achievement in a performance situation and more confident of success. The type and extent of the psychological effects of scoliosis is determined by the position accorded to the children by the social environment. Negative consequences can best be dealt with by educating the parents.


[Morphology and mechanics of rotation of the small joint in the lumbar vertebra (author's transl)]. Using macerated and nonmacerated lumbar vertebrae and/or whole lumbar vertebral columns as well as x-rays, the attempt was made to contribute to the knowledge of the mechanics of the small joint in the lumbar section of the spinal column on the basis of the shape of the joint surfaces. The joint surfaces of the lumbar vertebral column deviate from the usual demonstration of primarily angular surfaces. Right and left joint surfaces of a locomotor segment do not lie on the same geometrical plane, i.e., there is nothing like a common right and left curvature center. As a result, conclusions can be drawn in regard to the role played by the small joint of the lumbar vertebral column under the various types of strain during movement, particularly during rotation. The relation of the small joint in rotation positions was demonstrated radiographically in isolated preparations of individual locomotor segments.


[Plastic substitutes for old cruciate ligament ruptures. I. Material, methods, and indications (author's transl)]. A report was made of 101 old cruciate ligament ruptures which were reconstructed at the Orthopedic Hospital in Munich between 1963 and 1975. On the basis of this material, it was confirmed that the anterior ligament is predominantly affected. Injuries of the knee ligaments and, therefore, the cruciate ligaments were acquired by 67 of the 101 patients during the course of sport activity. Football had a particularly high injury quota. Single, isolated cruciate ligament injury was found in 17 cases. Combination injuries with stress on the medial structures of the knee joint were found in 84 cases. 39 cases came to surgery more than 2 years after the accident. In 29 cases, some type of surgery had been carried out previously. The measures used to restore function of the cruciate ligament in addition to tightening the anterior cruciate ligament were Brückner-plasty using the distally flapped medial third of the ligamentum patellae, the free ligamentum-patellae transplant, Augustine-plasty, distally flapped tendoplasty from the pes-anserinus group, Hey-Groves fasciaplasty as well as anterior cruciate ligament-plasty using the ventrally flapped internal meniscus. The necessity of reconstructing additional ligamentous lesions to eliminate complex instabilities was stressed. A plaster fixation is always carried out postoperatively in the lying cast on the thigh. This plaster fixation is completed by restorative measures at the collateral ligaments through a pelvic girdle. Remobilization should begin 6 weeks after the operation. Its length as well as the final result is determined by the condition of the joint before treatment, the technique applied and the postoperative complications.


[The plastic replacement of old ruptured cruciate ligaments. II. Late results (author's transl)]. We discuss the results of postoperative examinations of 66 patients, who were treated at the Orthopaedic Hospital of the University of Munich by different methods of ligament grafts for old ruptures of the cruciate ligaments. Distally attached tendons of the pes anserinus group as replacement material show better results than distally attached medial thirds of the patella tendon. Biomechanical reasons are discussed, which have led to the changing of this method by using the medial one third of the patella ligament as a free graft. Advantages and disadvantages of fascia lata and the meniscus as a cruciate graft are discussed, a final judgement of the long term results is impossible with their small number of cases. In total an agreable subjective result was achieved in two thirds of the cases (60.6 per cent), an objective result from "very good" to "agreable" in more than three quarters of all cases (86.4 percent) be reparative procedures at the crucitate ligaments. Tightening or grafting of the collateral ligaments are discussed for its influence on the result of the cruciate graft. It is found, that with insufficient lateral stabilisation of the joint an eventually remaining anterior-posterior instability is increased as a rotatory instability. Finally it can be said, that only the repair of the loose posterior capsule in all ligament grafting procedures can lead to a final stabilisation of the knee joint.


[Scan microscopic investigation of human industrial fluorosis (author's transl)]. We examined the bones of 3 people in various stages of industrial fluorosis. Scan microscopic studies were conducted on the periosteal surface and the fracture surfaces of ribs, tibia and vault of the cranium. In the mild form of fluorosis, we found slight swelling and impregnation with globular and crystalline material in the periosteal collagenous fibers. The impregnation and swelling increases and, in severe cases of fluorosis, an irregular orientation of abnormal fine fibers and thick deposits on the bone surfaces occurs. The radiating fibers of muscle and tendon insertions were apparently mineralized first. Atypia of the bone collegan was found which involved the collagenous fibers, the basic substance and their mineralization as well as the ossification process itself. The scan microscopic findings were compared with the normal histology for fluorosis and discussed.


[Osteopoikilosos (author's transl)].

[Osteopoikilosos (author's transl)]. In Rumania, 26 cases of osteopoikilosis (20 males, 6 females) have been discovered. Five of these cases were familial (hereditary). Only 1 patient also had disseminated lenticular dermatofibrosis. All of the cases were discovered accidentally. All of the cases exibited the classic form of osteopoikilosis with stippling. Evaluation of the cases showed that various osteopoikilosis could be found in the same family and that probably the appearance of the condensation zones was related to the type of stress to which the bones are subjected (particularly pressure). Many cases show a tendency toward calcification in other tissues and not just in the bones (costal cartilage, periosteal reactions, lungs). In one case, a biopsy was made and a swelling of the trabeculae of the bone as well as cartilagenous proliferation was established.


[Fracture of the acetabulum in old Charnley prostheses (author's transl)]. A report was made of 35 Charnley prostheses implanted between 1962 and 1965. The occurring complications were discussed. In an exceptionally high number of these complications, fracture of the acetabulum proved to be the most important factor. Causes and predisposing factors were presented. Finally, reference was made to the significance of some of the experiences acquired on the basis of the long-term results which were published in this form for the first time.


[Radiologic signs of severe head transformation disorders arising with the treatment of the congenital dislocation of the hip (author's transl)]. After a general review of the pertinent literature, a classification of the head transformation disorders arising with the dislocation of the hip in degrees of severity (stages of development) is made with the help of the patients of the above-mentioned hospital. The significance of the different head transformation disorders as a warning sign for the development of a later head necrosis is shown in a subdivided form. The condensation, either a partial or a complete one, has the most unfavourable prognosis. The text is illistrated with series of radiographs of own cases.


[Treatment of undesirable results following operations on the proximal end of the femur in children (author's transl)]. The initial results following operations on the proximal end of the femur in children may not be permanent. They are frequently altered by further growth of the bone. This influence of growth on the operative result cannot always be predicted. The author reports 6 cases with poor results following operations on the proximal end of the femus. In 3 children varus-rotation osteotomies resulted in pseudarthrosis and/or severe angulation. Resection of a solitary bone cyst and operative treatment of fractures of the proximal femur in 2 other cases produced similar complications. Treatment of these undesirable results consisted of osteotomy with correction in all 3 dimensions and medial displacement of the shaft under the neck of the femur. Fixation of the fragments was obtained with traction-bracing according to Pauwels. The early results were good in all cases. The author concludes that an operation on the proximal end of the femur in children is indicated only when absolutely necessary and when it is fairly certain that growth cannot alter the results unfavorably. Only those procedures should be recommended which have been shown to give satisfactory results in an adequate number of cases that remain unaltered throughout the entire growth period.


[Coxa valga in childhood. Does it need treatment? (author's transl)]. Coxa valga in a child is not necessarily a pathological condition which needs treatment as long as the acetabulum shows adequate development for the patients age and constitution. Varus osteotomy is not indicated in these cases and may even result in poor development of the hip following operation. The author demonstrates a case in which fracture of the femoral neck on one side healed in varus position. Varus osteotomy was subsequently done on the other side to equalize both hips. This resulted in extreme valgus position and narrowing of the joint space of both hips at puberty. The neck-shaft angle of the femur changes constantly during childhool. Valgus position of the femoral neck with good development of the acetabulum occurs frequently and does not lead to secondary osteoarthritis in later life. Prophylactic correction by varus osteotomy should therefore be abandoned unless there is true dysplasia of the hip.


[Relationship between calcium salt content in the trunk skeleton and the extremities (calcaneus measurement) (author's transl)]. No statistically significant correlation could be found in a comparative investigation regarding the mineral salt content of the calcaneus and the first lumbar vertebral body in the same test person. Conclusions based on localized individual measurements of the mineral salt content of the calcaneus for the respective vertebral body are, in our opinion not possible with the desired exactness. For orthopedic surgeons in the private practice, only the interpreation of a x-ray of the vertebral column can be used in addition to clinical and laboratory findings to diagnose the onset of generalized osteoporosis. In order to keep the source of error as low as possible in the attempt to diagnose osteoporosis from an x-ray, constant, reproduceable conditions for taking the x-ray (same film,same lighting, same film development and same x-ray focus on the same part of the skeleton) must be used for observing the course of the disease.


[Research concerning carriage of school-children (author's transl)]. By this research the percentage of school-children living in a mainly rural district in Nether Saxony whose carriage is endangered is to be stated and besides that it is to be examined whether and how far orthopedic training, practised by special nurses for physical training, can help to improve their carriage.


[The anterior instability of the ankle joint in lateral ligament lesions (author's transl)]. In 50 unbiased ligamentous ruptures of the lateral ankle the anterior and the lateral instability of the ankle was evaluated by x-ray-pictures under strain. With increasing talar tilt the anterior instability also increased. But in some cases an isolated anterior and an isolated lateral instability could be found. The routine use of the x-ray-picture under strain in the sagittal plane is recommended, because the isolated rupture of the anterior fibulotalar ligament can be detected only by this mean.


Subcutaneous arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis. Arteriovenous fistula is now an accepted method of vascular access for hemodialysis in chronic end-stage renal disease. The arteriovenous fistula constructed is based on the status of the forearm vessels. Our results were satisfactory and comparable to other dialysis centers.


[Sialadenosis of the parotid gland. Ultrastructural, clinical and experimental findings in disturbances of secretion (author's transl)]. Among the secretory disturbances ("Dyschylien") of salivary glands the sialadenosis of the parotid gland is a clinic and a morphologic definited entity. The typical clinical symptom is a bilateral, often recurrent, and painless swelling of the parotid gland. The characteristic pathological findings consist in an acinar cell hypertrophy without any inflammatory signs. According to this definition, sialadenosis has to be separated from those diseases of salivary glands, which are primarily altered by inflammation of the salivary tissue with secondary secretory disturbances. From flinical point of view it is possible to distinguish the following kinds of sialadenosis according to the syntropy with various diseases: Endocrine sialadenosis (in diabetes mellitus, dysfunction of gonads, pituitary gland, thyroid gland etc.); dystrophic-metabolic sialadenosis (malnutrition, avitaminosis, alcohilsm, chronic liver diseases etc.), and neurogenic sialadenosis (dysfunction of the vegetative nervous system, drug damages e.g. antihypertensive agents). The question arises, whether all forms of sialadenosis have a common etiology and a coincidental pathogenic factor. The following studies were carried out with the aim to find further details concerning the etiology and pathogenesis of sialadenosis. The study is based on the following material: a) 126 Biopsies of parotid glands from patients with sialadenosis (Register of  salivary gland diseases at the Institute of Pathology, University of Hamburg, supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). This material was collected from 1965 to 1973. b) 80 Biopsies of parotid glands from patients with other diseases (parotitis [4]; acinic cell carcinoma [4]; other parotid and oral tumors [72]; for comparison. c) Experimental studies on the parotid salivary glands of Wistar-rats. The biopsies of the parotid glands were studied histologically, morphometrically, and ultrastructurally. The investigations centered on the ultrastruct of sialadenosis. Before interpreting the ultrastructural findings in view of etiology and pathogenesis of sialadenosis, it was primarily necessary to study the normal ultrastructure of the human parotid gland including the vegetative nervous system. Furthermore it was necessary to elucidate details of a functional morphology of the secretory cycle and to integrade the findings into a concept of general pathology of secretory disturbances. The following results were achieved by our investigations: 1. Normal ultrastructure of human parotid gland: The architecture of the acinar cells is identical with these of other animal species (cytoplasm with a basal standing nucleus, rough endoplasmatic reticulum, Golgi-apparatus, secretory granules etc.). Further identical elements are intercalated and striated ducts, myoepithelial cells, and the vegetative nervous system (postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurites, however no ganglionic cells in the parotid gland)...


[Influence of temperature and rate of freezing of bovine muscle on the subcellular distribution of some mitochondrial enzyme (author's transl)]. Samples of bovine muscle were frozen at -5 degrees, -10 degrees, -20 degrees, -40 degrees, -60 degreese, -80 degreese, and -196 degrees C at slow (about 1 degrees/10 min) and high freezing rate (maximum 1 degrres/0.05 min) and subsequently thawed at room temerature. The changes in the extractable activity  ("total activity") of the enzymes aconitase (AC), fumarase (FU) succine dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), the mitochondrial isozyme of the COT (GOTM) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) by freezing and thawing were studied. Neither the temperature nor the rate of freezing influenced the total activity of these enzymes. The subcellular distribution of these enzymes was investigated by determination of the enzyme activities in the muscle press juice. Freezing at -5 degrees C hat only little influence, but between -10 degrees and -40 degrees or -60 degrees C the release of AC, FU, GOTM and GPT from the mitochondria into the sarcoplasma increased with falling temperature, apparently by increasing damage of the mitochondria. The extent of this effect was not significantly influenced by the rat of freezing. Between -60 degrees and -196 degrees C no further rise of this effect was observed. A release of SDH did not occur at all conditions of freezing. It is suggested that the damage of muscle mitochondria by freezing and thawing is mainly due to a dehydration process.


[Benzo(a)pyrene contents in smoked fish in dependence of smoking procedure (author's transl)]. A survey of benzo(a)pyrene contents in 32 samples of smoked fish is given, which had been hot or cold smoked in two different types of kilns. Benzo(a)pyrene contents in 14 smoked fish samples from cans also were determined. The analytical method includes extraction, column and thin layer chromatography and measuring of the fluorescence of the eluated benzo(a)-pyrene in solution. Smoked fishes from kilns with external smoke generation contained less than 1 ppb benzo(a)pyrene in their edible parts, whereas much more than 1 ppb has often been found in products from tradional kilns.


[Glutathatione-dehydrogenase of wheat flour. Purification and properties (author's transl)]. Glutathione: dehydroascorbic acid oxidoreductase (EC 1.8.5.1) has been purified to essential homogeneity by precipitation with (NH4)2SO4, and ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex and DEAE-cellulose. The molecular weight is 24200 Dalton as determined by SDS-PAG-electrophoresis. The amino acid composition was analysed. The esed. The enzyme ist specific for glutathione as H-donor and it reduces the L-threo-diasteromer faster than the L-erythro- and D-erythro-dehydroascorbic acid. The enzyme is inhibited by iode acetic acid and N-ethyl-maleinimide. Zero-order kinetics was only observed for the hydrogen-acceptor but not for glutathione.


[Determination of the solanine-chaconine ratio in potato sprouts and tubers (author's transl)]. Solanidine glycosides isolated from potato sprouts and tubers were split into sugars and aglycone by acid hydrolysis. The silylethers of these sugars were determined by gaschromatography. From the values thus obtained the solanine-chaconine ratio was calculated.


Differences in L-malate determined enzymatically or titrimetrically in Golden Delicious apples. In apples, L-malate was significantly less when estimated by titration with NaOH than by spectrophotometry after enzymatic reduction of NAD+ with malate dehydrogenase. The second method would determine L-malate in the form of salts as well as free acid.


Identification of volatile compounds in hybrids between raspberry (Rubus idaeus, L.) and arctic bramble (Rubus arciticus, L.). The present work is concerned with the aroma of hybrids between raspberry (Rubus idaeus, L.) and arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus, L.). Analyses of the volatiles were performed in three stages. The carbonyl compounds were determined as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, the volatile acids and the neutral components separately in a combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometer components separately in a combined gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer using glass capillary columns. Over 70 compounds were identified in the aroma concentrates of the hybrids. The major components included acetic and hexanoic acids, trans 3-penten-1-ol, 2-heptanol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, benzyl alcohol and linalool. 2,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-3-furanone together with alpha and beta-ionones, characteristic compounds of arctic bramble and raspberry, respectively, were found in the hybrids in much lower concentrations than in the parent berries. Percentage concentrations of the main components in the volatile oils, together with their approximate concentrations in the press juices, were determined. The contents of the corresponding compounds in arctic bramble and in raspberry are also given.


[A rapid method for the determination of quinine in soft drinks and other aqueous solutions (author's transl)]. Quinine is determined quantitatively with a liquid-chromatographic method in various solutions using silica as a stationary and methanol + 0.5% ammonia as a mobile phase. The approximate concentrations of quinine were found to be between 50.0 to 72.0 mg/1 in the soft-drinks investigated. Beers, which were also investigated do not content quinine. The method presented is also useful for determining quinine in aqueous solutions of various origin.


[Investigations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke (author's transl)]. Polycyclic aromatic hydrobarbons (PAH), which are responsible for most of the carcinogenic activity of cigarette smoke were isolated from smoke condensate by distribution steps and chromatographic methods. The fractions containing substances in the range fluorence to chrysen were investigated by gaschromatography and mass-spectrometry. 150 substances were characterized. Unsubstituted PAH, alkyl-substituted PAH and O-heterocyclic compounds were identified.


[A simple biochemical method for the determination of "dietary fibre" in plant foods (author's transl)]. A simple enzymatic method for the determination of total waterinsoluble unavailable unavailable carbohydrates (dietary fibre) and their components of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin is proposed, which would replace the chemical determination of "crude fibre". In this method the sample is treated with amylolytic and proteolytic enzymes. The insoluble residue that remains after the starch and protein have been removed is considered as "unavailable carbohydrates" (dietary fibre) and fractionated to three main components (crude hemicellulose, curde cellulose and crude lignin) by applying separate treatments with 5% and 72% H2SO4. The complete separation process is carried out in a single new quartz-centrifugal tube fitted with a G3 quartzfilter. Experiments on a range of samples indicate that the method is simple, fast and reproducible.


[Comparative studies on the reactive sites against trypsin of some inhibitors from phaseolus coccineus and phaseolus vulgaris (author's transl)]. Three of the trypsin chymotrypsin inhibitors from the seeds of runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus L.), PCI 3,4(2), and 5, and three of the inhibitors from the seeds of french beans (Phaseolus vulgaris var. nanus), PVI 3, 4, and 5, contain a lysine residue in the reactive site against trypsin. One of the inhibitors from Phaseolus coccineus, PCI 2, contains an arginine residue there. All seven Phaseolus inhibitors investigated are double headed.


[Trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors in leguminosae VII. Partial amino acid sequences of the trypsin chymotrypsin inhibitor PCI 3 from Phaseolus coccineus (author's transl)]. The sequences of amino acid residues at the amino and carboxyl terminus and around the reactive sites of the trypsin chymotrypsin inhibitor PCI 3 from the seeds of runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus L.) were estimated by aminopeptidase O and carbosypeptidase A degradation before and after enzymatical modification with trypsin or chymotrypsin. Beginning at the amino terminus the sequences are :Ser-Glu-Ala-Gly-Gln-...,...-Ile-Tyr-Lys-Ser-Gln-(Pro)-...with Lys-Ser as reactive site against trypsin, ...-Asp-Val-Ala-Leu-Ser-(Pro)-...with Leu-Ser as reactive site against alpha-chymotrypsin, and ...-Thr-Arg-Ala-Lys-Phe-Leu as C-terminus. The importance of the serine residue in the reactive sites concerning the specificity of inhibitors is discussed.


[Inhibition of cathepsins from trout muscle and from bovine spleen by proteinase inhibitors of potato tubers (author's transl)]. The cathepsins D from trout muscle and from bovine spleen, as well as cathepsin A from bovine spleen are inhibited by a crude proteinase inhibitor from potato tubers. Cathepsins C and B1 are not inhibited. It was shown by isoelectric focussing that several inhibitors for cathepsin D are present in potatoes. Those with isoelectric points at pH 9.2, 9.1, 9.0, 8.9, 8.5 inhibit cathepsins D both from trout muscle and from bovine spleen. In addition some inhibitors with isoelectric points at pH 6.6, 6.5, and 6.2 were observed, which inhibit cathepsin D from trout muscle only.


[Enzymatic separation of raactive dyes from fish tissue (author's transl)]. A procedure has been described for the isolation of reactive dyes that stick to the fish tissue after accumulation tests. The dyes cannot be determined quantitatively without unspecific and therefore complete destruction of the protein. The separation of the dyes released into solution and their quantitative determination is carried out following methods already published.


Sterilization of dehydrated potato granules with propylene oxide. Results were provided for propylene oxide "cold sterilization" of dehydrated mashed potato granules that contained 7% moisture and 0.044% chloride. Treatment with an optimum concentration of 0.1% w/w sterilant for 6 days at 22 degrees C gave a bacterial count reduction from 3.4 X 10(5) to less than 5 X 10(3), a low glycol residue of 29 ppm, and 12 ppm of chlorohydrin, with the 1-chloro-2-propanol isomer constituting 94% of the total. This indicated that, in spite of the granule pH of 5.62, nucleophilic attack in dehydrated granules involves nonprotonated propylene oxide. Based on NMR analysis, evidence was given that such sterilization does not result in detectable etherification of starch, even though its content of 83% on a dry basis places it as the major potentially reactive constituent.


[Gaschromatographic determination of ingredients in fermentated beverages v. quantitative gaschromatographic determination of anthocyanes and anthocyanides in red wine (author's transl)]. After special preparation of several red wines, anthocyanidines like pelargonidine, delphinidine, cyanidine, paeonidine, malvidine and petunidine as well as their 3,5-glucosides have been determined quantitatively with high accuracy by gas chromatography.


[About the evaluation of forensic-toxicological results by mechanical data processing (author's transl)]. A system for documentation and data processing of forensic-toxicological results in the time between May 1. 1964 and December 31. 1972 is reported. The objective of this system is to have fast access to the stored information. The first part deals with the development of a code system. The second part presents results we have found. The main problem was finding code numbers for substances and their metabolites. This was done successfully.


[Fat embolism of the lungs as the cause of death. Etiology, pathogenesis and reasoning (author's transl)]. A comprehensive survey is given of the most important theories of etiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of pulmonary fat embolism. Autopsy and microscopic examinations were performed on 26 corpses with different causes of death. The total contents of fat of the lungs was analyzed by chloroform extraction. Death due to pulmonary fat embolism was diagnosed in three cases. In those with whole fat contents of about 20 g or more the histological degree was equivalent to occlusion of half of all vessels. The histological feature resembled that of shock; hemorrhage and microthrombosis were regular findings. The functional and morphological relationships with shock are discussed. It is concluded that, at least in the initial stage, fat embolism is due to mechanical injury. This mechanism is possibly altered or enhanced by biochemical changes in later phases. Pulmonary fat embolism is a disease which may cause death if mechanical, toxic and shock-inducing effects lead to insufficiency of the cardio-respiratory system. In forensic cases death due to fat embolism should be diagnosed only after exclusion of other lethal factors. Posttraumatic cases often show competition with shock due to hemorrhage. It is important to relate the degree of fat embolism to preexisting diseases.


[Propane-diol-(1.3) fatty acid esters as metabolites of postmortal triglyceride catabolism (author's transl)]. The investigation of 72 samples of human subcutaneous fat tissue stored in closed small bottles at room temperature showed that every third sample decomposed with the formation of unknown metabolites. The presence of these compounds could already be recognized in the crude lipid extracts by characteristic 1H-NMR signals, increasing in intensity with time of storage. After isolation, the unknown metabolites could be identified as di- or mono fatty acid esters of propane-diol-(1.3). Thus, the known scheme of postmortal breakdown of triglycerides is to be supplemented by a further remarkable pathway.


Acute combined effects of HCN and CO, with the use of combustion products from PAN (polyacrylonitrile)--gauze mistures. The combustion product from gauze-PAN (Polyacrylonitrile) micture was used as a material for the evaluation of the combined effects of CO and HCN. Rats and mice were exposed for 30 min. to the combustion products. In mice experiments, the time at which animals turned laterally and were killed, was measured. In experiments with rats, blood COHb and cyanide determinations were made, in addition to the observation of the behavior. Exposure room gas concentrations (O2, CO2, CO, HCN) were determined and temperature in the combustion room was measured during heating. Preliminary experiments with PAN, ranging from 2g to 10g, on mice showed that HCN is responsible for the toxicity of the combustion products from this fiber. In mixture experiments all animals died during exposure. In experiments with mice (8g of total weight of mixed sample), animals in groups with larger proportion of PAN turned over and died earlier and this was explained by higher HCN concentration. In rats experiments (10g), this held true for severe impairment, however, as to the death time, this was not the case. There was a long interval between severe impairment and death in groups with larger proportion of PAN. The larger amount of HCN was produced as temperature rises. A linear relation between COHb concentration and CT (concentration-time) product was shown. There was not a linear relation between blood COHb and cyanide levels. Judging from the blood analyses data, it seemed probable that there is neither an additive nor a synergistic action between CO and HCN with respect to lethal effects.


[Classifications of causes and circumstances of death (author's transl)]. Scientific progress and changes in social and legal conditions make it necessary to revise the classification of causes of death from time to time. In the classification I have suggested, both the biological causes of death (tabl. 1) and the social and legal conditons (tabl. 2) under which death occurred have been taken into consideration.


[Distribution of HBs-(Australia) antigen in progressive systemic scleroderma and other connective tissue disorders]. Of 173 patients, mostly suffering from collagen diseases and rheumatoid disease, the HBs antigen (HBsAg) was present in 1.73%. This figure is no higher than that observed among blood donors from the same area (Naples and surroundings). One HBsAg positive patient suffered from chronic active hepatitis and rheumatoid arthritis; another from chronic active hepatitis and a secondary type of reticuloendotheliosis; the third was one of seven patients with psoriatic arthritis. HBsAg was not found in any of 48 patients with other collagen diseases, including 22 patients with Progressive Systemic Sclerosis. These data do not support the hypothesis based on observations of polyarteritis nodosa that HBsAg plays an ethiopathogenetic role in collagen diseases with serious vasculitis.


[Effect of D-penicillamine and prednisolone on the tissue elasticity of the rat lung]. The elastic properties of the lung-thorax-system were studied in a group of rats treated with prednisolone and D-penicillamine and in a control group, after the surfactant had been washed out. Prednisolone given for 30 days i.p. seemed to make lung parenchyma more stiff-similar to what happens to skin. D-penicillamine has no influence on the lung tissue elasticity (compliance, residual volume, homogenity of inflation) but the elastic retraction after maximal inflation is significantly reduced compared with the control group or the Prednisolone treated group.


6-Sulfanilamidoindazole arthritis of the rat: complement activity and sulfhydryl group concentration of the serum in three different phases of inflammation. In 6-sulfanilamidoindazole (6-SAI) arthritis the total haemolytic complement activity of the serum was significantly increased by 69% in developing arthritis at day 4, and by 42% in fully developed arthritis at day 8. In declining arthritis at day 12, 5 days after the last administration of the prophlogistic agent 6-SAI, no difference of the serum complement activity between arthritic rats and non-arthritic controls could be determined. The serum SH group concentration was significantly decreased by 31% at day 4 and by 54% at day 8, but it was nearly normalized at day 12. There was no close correlation between increase of paw diameter and serum complement activity in 6-SAI-arthritic rats. It is suggested that investigations on the role that complement components might play in 6-SAI arthritis could be interest.


[ECG changes in spondylarthritis ankylopoietica in comparison with a healthy control group]. ECG from 150 patients with clinically and radiologically established ankylosing spondylitis were compared with those from a healthy age and sex matched group. The reported frequency of atrioventricular conduction defects (3-15%) was confirmed (4.6%). These and other pathological ECG changes were also found in the control group. No significant statistical difference in frequency was found. The refore doubt remains whether the pathological changes of the ECG can be attributed to ankylosing spondylitis.


Amyloid deposits in the periarticular tissue. Periarticular and peritendinous tissue was investigated in cases of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome for the appearance of amyloid deposits. In rheumatoid arthritis no amyloid was present. In 7.8% of the cases with osteoarthritis and in 8% of the cases with carpal tunnel syndrome amyloid was present. These amyloid desposits were present essentially in old patients and since no further clinical symptoms of systemic amyloidosis were reported, these deposits are regarded as an age related phenomenon without clinical relevance.


A case report of patella cubiti.

A case report of patella cubiti. Report of a patella cubiti in a patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The genesis of this patella is unknown up to now. The following hypotheses are discussed: 1. Persistent separation of the non fused epiphyseal bone centre with consecutive independent development. 2. Avulsion of the epiphysis due to muscle tension. 3. Epiphysitis as cause of the new formed patella.


Chemocommunication among domestic cats, mediated by the olfactory and vomeronasal senses. II. The relation between the function of Jacobson's organ (vomeronasal organ) and Flehmen behaviour). The function of Jacobson's (vomeronasal) organ in mammals has intrigued man for more than a century, despite the fact that he does not have this sense organ at his disposal. Two ideas gradually developed about its possible function: the morphology of the organ suggests that it is especially appropriate to receive non-volatile chemical stimuli. Secondly it might have to do with the reception of sexual pheromones. The aim of this study was directed towards both assumptions. Observations of cats show that the way of sniffing at several odours and especially urine, suggests an uptake of dissolved particles. The observations as described in Part I indicated that urine of estrous female female positively influences the frequency of flehmen in tomcats. These results, combined with the effect of experimental blocking of the entrance of Jacobson's organ on this behaviour supported both ideas referred to.


Food caching by red foxes and some other carnivores. Food caching by the red fox, Vulpes vulpes, may safeguard surplus food for future consumption. Because of practical difficulties involved in observation the extent to which the fox making a cache, or any other fox, can utilise the hoard was not known. This problem is tackled through extended observation, using unfra-red binoculars, on wild foxes (some of which were radio-tagged), together with experiments involving hand-reared tame foxes, either walked on a long leash or free and radio-tagged. The results demonstrate the fox's ability to rediscover its caches and shed light on the adaptive significance of the behaviour, which is then dsicussed in the context of food safeguarding by other carnivores.


Evolution-oriented ethology, kin selection, and altruistic parasites. The genetic theory of social behaviour challenges ethology to incorporate the study of invertebrates and lower animals; to search for behaviour mechanisms that contribute to the maximization of "inclusive fitness" (rather than to the maintenance of the individual and the species); and to intensify the study of social consequences and interindividual differences in species-specific behaviour.


Visual acuity of the vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus, and its dependence upon light intensity. The visual system of microchiropteran bats is usually considered of minor function, but reliable experimental studies are rare. In this paper the visual acuity of three (1 female, 2 male male) vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) has been investigated in a two-choice training apparatus (striped patterns vs. gray patterns) for light intensities from 0.04 1x to 310 1x. There was a logarithmic dependence between light intensity and visual acuity. The lowest visual angle at 0.04 1x was 2 degrees 31', at 310 1x the minimum resolvable stripe width was 48'.


[Alterations of abdominal vascularization (especially of the pancreas) after gastric resection (author's transl)]. Completing former examinations the paper deals with the influence of different methods of gastric operation on abdominal vascularization. Typical alterations found by selective coeliac and mesenteric angiography are demonstrated. They include deficiency of arteries, changes in calibre and in the course of the great vessels, alteration of the vascularization of the head of the pancreas. It becomes evident, that the various effects are subject to preoperative anatomical situation and different operative methods.


[Duration of disablement after general-surgical operations (author's transl)]. As a result of cooperation existing between Hospital and out-Patient Department the offwork time required before hospitalisation for routine operations can be limited to two days. A necessary preparation of the patients by remedies and physiotherapeutic methods should be done without interrupting their professional duties. The offwork time after the operation will depend on the kind of the surgical intervention, on the age and the condition of the patient and his profession. Data, obtained from a large number of patients treated in the Surgical Department of the Friedrichshain-Hospital in Berlin are discussed.


[Surgical treatment in premalignant lesions of the breast (author's transl)]. Established predisposition to developing of breast cancer is indicative of subcutaneous mastectomy. Subcutaneous mastectomy means a radical biopsy. Histological examination produces the best result by excluding a possible breast cancer in premalignant lesions. When a malignant tumour has been detected the operation can easily be extended to a more radical procedure (Halsted mastectomy). Subcutaneous mastectomy means a radical procedure of treating breast cancer--even with optimal cosmetic results. Early complications are rare, the late results are excellent.


[Carcinoma as an unexpected histologic diagnosis in gallbladder disease (author's transl)]. In 32 of 120 patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder the disease was not diagnosed before microscopic examination. These 32 patients were afterwards examined in respect of those factors possibly capable of influencing the prognosis. The diagnosis proved successful in 11 patients in whom the tumour was confined to the mucosa und the submucosa. 3nly 4 of these patients died from a recurrence. From 21 patients with all the layers of the wall of the gallbladder, being involved none survived the operation for more than 2 1/2 years. In cases of carcinoma confined to the mucosa and submucosa surgical treatment should include not only cholecystectomy, but also wedge resection of the liver with a free margin of tissue and adequate nodal dissection as well.


[The course of total leukocytes and heparinocytes in the normal puerperium and during weaning under ethinyl estradiol sulfonate]. The inhibition of lactation by the depot oestrogen aethinyloestradiolsulfonate was accompanied by a delayed drop of the puerperal leukocytosis. Values of heparinocytes and Basophil-Age-Indices (BAI) were not significantly influenced. The reaction of the heparinocytes system is different in increasing classes of age. By depotoestrogens in the puerperium the princip of this reaction is not changed. Results don't support the hypothesis of influence of oestrogens upon puerperal and hormonal contraception risks of thromboembolism.


[Interruption before and after March 9, 1972]. The report covers 1000 interruptions prior to the new legal regulation of the interruption of gravidity of March 9, 1972, and 1000 interruptions after this date. The increasing number of interruptions is associated with a high reduction in the number of abortions and a falling birth rate (1971: birth rate 3956, 1973: birth rate 2806). A comparison is made of the age groups (average age of group 1: 33,4 years; of group 2: 28,5 years), marital status (unmarried women of group 1: 10,8%, of group 2: 23,7%), parity (56,6 per cent of all the women who had an interruption after the new legal regulation had born no child or one child), and rate of early complications (group 1: 4,2%, group 2: 6,3%).


[Intrauterine extra-amnial administration of prostaglandin F 2 alpha for the induction of abortion in primigravidae and problem cases]. With 529 patients (4 groups) abortion was induced through intermittend extraamniotic application of PGF2alpha. In 97,9 per cent, the hourly instillation of PGF2alpha led to the desired success: 25 (4,7 per cent) complete abortions, 416 (78,6 per cent) incomplete abortions, 77 (14,6 per cent) "missed" abortions with opening of the cervix. In groups I to III (primigravidae betw-en the 6th and 12th weeks of pregnancy), in the mean PGF2alpha dosages there were no significant differences between 6,84 and 6,27 mg. The mean abortion time was between 8 hr 32 min and 7 hr 43 min. In group IV ("problem cases" in the first and second trimester of pregnancy), the mean PGF2alpha dosage was 10,68 mg. The mean abortion time 12 hr 04 min. The total complication rate was at 2,2 per cent.


[Induction of labor with prostaglandin F 2 alpha in diabetes mellitus]. At 15 diabetic patients of the 36. to 40. week of pregnancy labour was induced by Prostaglandin F2alpha-infusion. The sure effect on uterus activity is characterized by prompt dilatation of the cervix. A disadvangeous influence could not be observed on blood circulation and digestive system both of the diabetic patient and fetus respectively newborn.


[Clinical use of prostaglandin antagonists in obstetrics]. The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the Institute of Postgraduate Medical School (Budapest) reports on the treatment of 136 gravidities with the medicamentation of Prostaglandin-Antagonist.


[Ambulatory tocography].

[Ambulatory tocography]. The value of the ambulant tocography was tested in 127 cases by ambulant tocograph T 500. The average frequency of uterine contractions was in 66 normal cases 0,5/30 min. This frequency of uterine contraction was higher in a group with anamnestic risk (1,1/30 min) and in patients with tocolytic medication (2,3/30 min). Nearly term all groups tended to higher frequency of uterine contractions. The ambulant tocography is a new method to completed the diagnostic.


[Use of discrimination analysis in perinatology]. From 50 normal births blood of mother and child was examined simultaneously at three different times, meant for determination of 13 biochemical parameters. Evaluation of the measured values was done by the multivariate method of discriminance analysis. Basing on the observed data problems of discriminance analysis are dealt with in an introductive way. The perinatal example is used to demonstrate how in the case of a complex problem connections may be better visible by this method, though detailed informations are lost.


[Oscillation spectrum of the fetal heart rate in diabetic mothers]. Antepartum monitoring of fetal heart rate throughout the last weeks of diabetic pregnancy revealed a significant restriction of the baseline irregularity towards the end of the antepartum period. The quantitative amount (in % of total recording time/week) of the patterns of reduced irregularity ('silent', 'narrowed undulatory') increased from the 34th to the 40th week of pregnancy whereas the amount of normal ('undulatory') irregularity became smaller. The results were discussed in regard of the disturbed fetoplacental unit in the diabetic pregnancy.


[Configuration of the skull of the newborn infant through the mechanical forces of labor and refiguration]. The during labor removed head of the newborn (configuration) regular within the following 4 days will become again his normal figure. This procedure we call "refiguration". By means of X-ray and hydrocephalometric investigations during the refiguration we conclude on the morphologic alterations during preceded configuration. Though we got the opinion, that by the force of labor the procedure of the configuration leads to a diminution of the volume of the head and to displacements of the cerebral substance. We think, that this are parts of the normal compensatory mechanism of the fetus against pressure under birth.


[Morphology of the placenta and quality of the metabolic control during pregnancy in diabetes mellitus]. The quality of metabolic control during diabetic pregnancy and the severity of morphological alterations of the placenta are statistically correlated independent of White's classification. In cases of inadequate metabolic control typical diabetic maturation disturbances of the placenta are to be seen more often and more severe. But there are also severe maturation disturbances of the placenta in well controlled diabetics with normoglycaemic blood glucose levels during last months of pregnancy. In such cases the metabolic regulation in earlier periods of pregnancy was mostly insufficient. On the other hand unimportant maturation disturbances of the placenta in some badly controlled diabetics were seen. Such pregnancies were mostly complicated by toxaemia.


[Chronic recurrent pancreatitis in pregnancy with neurologic symptomatology]. Case report about chronic pancreatitis during pregnancy without changes of specific blood values. Diagnosis was complicated by occurence of neurological secondary symptoms.


[Studies on the problem of septic thrombocytopenia and reactive thrombocytosis in obstetrical patients]. During the first 24 hours of septicaemia the platelet count decreases, but in about a week increases again resulting a significant reactive thrombocytose. According to the results of platelet spreading test, the thrombopenia is caused by consumption of young platelets. During the course of increase of platelet count the number of haemostatically most active, newly formed platelets exceeds, and this is why in the periode of reactive thrombocytosis deep-vein thromboses may occure against Heparin or oral anticoagulant treatment.


[Serum proteins and their spectrum in gynecologic surgery]. 1. The character of postoperative changes of serum proteins and their spectra recorded in patients operated on our clinic on account of benign gynaecological diseases corresponded with data reported in the literature. They involved: a decline of total serum proteins, a reduction of albumin and gamma-globulin levels, a rise of the alpha1, alpha2-globulin and partly also the Beta-globulin fraction. 2. The decline of the serum protein and albumin level in our patients was more prolonged than described by some other authors. 3. Changes of serum proteins were relatively marked also in patients after vaginal plastic operations. To influence in a favourable way the observed undesirable changes we ensured immediately adequate substitution of the peroperative blood loss and an increased nutrient intake during the postoperative period. The findings concerned not only to patients after abdominal operations but also those with vaginal plastic operations.


[Serum glutamate oxalacetate transaminase following gynecologic surgery]. 1. Changes occuring in the activity of SGOT after uncomplicated gynecological operations conducted for benign diseases are not extensive. They manifest themselves in form of a moderate SGOT activity increase which was not statistically significant in the present sample. 2. In about half the number of patients of women operated per laparotomiam there was a fairly marked increase in the activity of SGOT which reached in fairly frequent instances the upper physiological limit. 3. Even a completely smooth and uncomplicated preoperative and postoperative course may be associated in some patients with a tissue lesion and liver function change reaching a level which causes the SGOT activity to increase. The above finding should be taken into account during postoperative treatment in particular in women in whom a change of this might produce exacerbation of an associated disease (liver disease) or lead to the rise of complications.


[Induction of labor by prostaglandin F 2 alpha in the treatment of hydatidiform mole]. Labour was induced by intravenous infusion of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) in 12 patients with hydatidiform mole. After a mean infusion time of 15 h 51 min and a mean dosage of 25,1 mg PGF2alpha, the infusion of 5 to 40 mug PGF2alpha/min led to 1 to 3 cm dilatation of the cervix. In this way, it was possible to perform a mild evacuation of the molar tissue with vacuum curette or fixation forceps and curette. Under continued PG-infusion the uterus was contracted in the time of evacuation of hydatidiform mole. At present the preoperative dilatation of the cervix by means of PG-induced labour and vacuum curettage is the method of choice in the management of hydatidiform mole because of its effectiveness and few undesirable side effects.


[Cardiovascular effects of prostaglandin F 2 alpha in early pregnancy]. In 10 normotensive healthy early pregnant women cardiovascular studies were done before, during and after the intravenous administration of prostaglandin F2alpha with the method of quantitative sphygmometry. Arterial blood pressure was measured graphically with an automatic sphygmomanometer unit. Velocity of aortic pulse wave was determined directly on the principle of exact electronic timing. Prostaglandin F2alpha was infused with electric pump in the dosage of 6, 5, 13 and 26 mug per minute for 30 minutes in each case. Arterial blood pressure is nearly constant. Heart rate, the elasticity coefficient of the arteries E' and total peripheral resistance decreases significantly. Stroke volume, cardiac output, work and power of the heart increases significantly. Nevertheless there are no contra-indications on the part of cardiovascular system for using prostaglandin F2alpha for induction of abortion


[Cardiovascular effect of prostaglandin E 2 in early pregnancy]. In 10 normotensive healthy women between the 8th and 12th week of pregnancy complete cardiovascular studies were done before, during and after the intravenous administration of Prostaglandin E2 with the method of quantitative sphygmometry, unbloody measuring of the arterial blood pressure and direct electronical timing of the pulse wave velocity in the aorta. Prostaglandin E2 was infused with electric pump in the dosage of 0.65, 1.3 and 2.6 mug per minute for 30 minutes in each case. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate remains constant. Elasticity coefficient E' of the arteries and total peripheral resistance decreases, stroke volume, cardiac output, work and power of the heart increases significantly. These reactions of the cardiovascular system are much more pronounced than using Prostaglandin F2-alpha. Therefore prostaglandin E2 is characterized in relation to prostaglandin F2-alpha not only by a stronger uterine effectiveness, but also at the same time a pronounced influence on the cardiovascular system.


[Clinical experiences with percutaneous digitoxin therapy in pregnant women with varicose veins]. It is reported on the clinical recommendations in a cutaneous treatment with "Digitoxinpasta" in varicose veins of pregnant women. The patients' arrangement in groups and the valuation of the result of the treatment was done after clinical aspects. The rate of failures (12%) ranges in tolerable limits. Neither a "Digitoxinbradycardy" or signs of overdosage were found in the electrocardiogram.


[Report on a newly developed formaledhyde-gelatin plug for cervix dilatation]. Report about the new-development of formaldehyd-gelatine-tents for careful cervical dilatation after the principle of the laminaria tents. Representation of the cause to swell of formaldehyd-gelatine-tents and possibilities of their use.


[Can vacuum aspiration cause air embolism?]. According to the literature data lethal air embolie occured several times at interruptions of pregnancy carried out by vacuum-aspiration. The question was investigated whether complications were brought about by the method itself or were the fatal consequencies of some technical faults. At the vacuum aspiration the triggering mechanism for air-embolie is absent. On the basis of the reports being evaluable at our disposal we found that more than the half of the lethal air-embolies were caused by medical technical errors which could have been avoided with more precaution. In the other cases the medical technical errors could not be proved but adequate explanations for the lethal cases are missing. Carrying out the operations with thoroughful care and taking into consideration more strictly all precautionary measures there is no reason for fearing of lethal air-embolie.


[Premature rupture of fetal membranes and premature labor]. The portion of early rupture of the membranes among 521 premature births from 1962 to 1971 was 43.4%. The statistically sure effects of the early rupture of the fetal membranes to some irregularities in pregnancy and delivery on 214 premature births are reported, compared with 202 premature births without early rupture of the membranes. Twins are not considered. The therapeutic management of that time in the hospital consisted of staying in bed without tokolytics or antibiotics. After premature rupture of fetal membranes occured very often: irregular obstetrical presentation, hemorrhage and fever during labour, cesarean section and forceps delivery; the perinatal morbidity was increased. From that aspects for prophylaxis and therapy were deduced.


[The problem of sirenoid malformation].

[The problem of sirenoid malformation]. The pathological-anatomical and radiological findings of the rare sirenoid malformations which have to be assigned to the disturbed developments of the candal vertebral column section are discussed taking a female apodal sirenomelus involving agenesia of a large part of the intestine and the urogenital tract. About 330 cases have been dealt with in international publications. Exogenic factors are in the foreground, mainly hypoxemic conditions during the embryogenesis whereas heritability is apparently not given.


[Antibrucellosis lactoglobulin and a study of its therapeutic action under experimental conditions]. Antibrucellosis lactoglobulin obtained by the author had higher specific antibody titres (1 : 81920) than the gamma-globulin batches prepared earlier from the bovine blood serum (1 : 3200). The suggested antibrucellosis lactoglobulin was harmless, of low reactogenicity and produced a definite therapeutic action when administrated to the infected animals. Since lactoglobulin is less expensive than gamma-globulin further work on the improvement of technology of obtaining the former and on the elaboration of the most effective schemes of its use are of expedience.


[Various aspects of current evolution of zoonoses]. The author analyzes current pecularities attending the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of a number of zoonozes as a mainifestation of the process of their socially conditioned evolution. Possible sequelae of the anthropogenic transformation of the surrounding environment for the dynamics of the nozoareals of the zoonosis infections are considered.


[Study of delayed hypersensitivity in experimental tick-borne encephalitis]. Experiments were conducted on albino mice. With the aid of the test of inhibition of splenocyte migration in the agar medium it was shown that the tick-borne encephalitis virus caused the state of hypersensitivity of delayed type (HDT) expressed from the 3rd day after the infection and persisting up to the appearance of the clinical signs of the disease; in latent infection the HDT state persisted for a period of up to 50 days (observation period). At the same time the experimental animals displayed a weak splenocyte sensitization with the brain tissue chiefly observed in cases of an acute infection and expressed inconstantly in the latten course of tick-borne encephalitis.


[Problems of control of centralized sterilization in the therapeutic-prophylactic institutions]. The authors analyze their many-year experience in the work of the sanitary-epidemiological station on control of centralized sterilization departments (CSD) in medical institutions. This control system included preventive and current sanitary supervision, assessment of the efficacy and pecularities of the use of special equipment, the checking of the presterilization treatment and sterilization of medical objects. A necessity of improvment of methods of packing the materials and instruments subject to sterilization and of a thorough study of the sanitary-hygienic conditions of the CSD personnel was demonstrated.


[Bacteria of the Proteus genus in surface waters]. The authors present the results of quantitative and qualitative detection of bacteria of the Proteus group in the surface waters of various degree of contamination. By the new method of study there was revealed a number of regularities reflecting the ecology of these microbes in water. There proved to be a distinct correlation between the degree of water contamination by salmonellae and Proteus at various seasons of the year (the prevalence in spring and autumn and reduction in summer and winter). Pr. morgani prevailed over the other Proteus species in the water bodies relatively clean by other indices, this pointing to their prolonged survival and possibly reproduction in surface waters. This accounted for the correlation between the quantitative content of salmonellae and Proteus in highly contaminated waters in towns and a discrepancy in these indices lower than the town boundaries, where the processes of water self-purification begin to prevail.