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Medical AI Inquiry: You were designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.
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In polycythemia vera,all are raised except
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The correct answer is  Ref Robbins 9/e p656 relative: Reduced plasma volume (hemoconcentration) Absolute primary Abnormal proliferation of myeloid stem cells, normal or low erythropoietin levels (polycythemia vera); inherited activating mutations in the erythropoietin receptor (rare) secondary Increased erythropoietin levels Adaptive: lung disease, high-altitude living, cyanotic hea disease Paraneoplastic: erythropoietin-secreting tumors (e.g., renal cell carcinoma, hepatomacellular carcinoma, cerebellar hemangioblastoma) Surreptitious: endurance athletes