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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Bacterial Toxins, Cells, Cultured, Coculture Techniques, Dermatitis, Atopic, Enterotoxins, Hemolysin Proteins, Humans, Interleukin-6, Interleukins, Keratinocytes, Psoriasis, Receptors, Interleukin-1, Skin, T-Lymphocytes.
user
Are staphylococcal exotoxins strong inducers of IL-22 : A potential role in atopic dermatitis? Context: Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are frequently colonized with Staphylococcus aureus that produces staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and α-toxin. In patients with AD, S aureus colonization is positively correlated with the severity of their eczema. Moreover, IL-22-producing cells have been shown to accumulate in AD skin and to correlate with disease severity. To assess IL-22 production in response to SEB and sublytic α-toxin stimulation in patients with AD and psoriasis compared with healthy controls. IL-22 induction was investigated in PBMCs, T cells, and autologous cocultures of keratinocytes and T cells on SEB and α-toxin stimulation in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner at the mRNA and protein (ELISA and flow cytometry) level. Anti-IL-1 receptor or anti-IL-6 antibodies were used in blocking experiments. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B and sublytic α-toxin concentrations induced IL-22 production in PBMCs and isolated CD4(+) T cells. IL-22 secretion was enhanced by α-toxin stimulation in autologous cocultures of keratinocytes and T cells. In T cells and PBMCs from patients with AD, IL-22 secretion was significantly enhanced on α-toxin stimulation compared with patients with psoriasis and healthy controls.
assistant
Increased IL-22 secretion induced by staphylococcal exotoxins in the skin partially explains how skin colonization and infection with S aureus can contribute to chronic skin inflammation in AD. Final Decision: yes