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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Contact Tracing, Female, Humans, Latent Tuberculosis, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk, Smoking, Spain, Tuberculin Test, Tuberculosis, Young Adult.
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Does smoking in tuberculosis patients increase the risk of infection in their contacts? Context: To determine the risk of latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) among contacts of smokers with tuberculosis (TB). A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of LTBI among contacts of TB cases aged >14 years in Catalonia, Spain. A survey was carried out for each TB case and their contacts. LTBI was diagnosed using the tuberculin skin test (≥5 mm). The risk of LTBI associated with smoking was determined by multi-variate logistic regression analysis, with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). The smoking prevalence among TB cases was 40.7% (439/1079). The prevalence of LTBI among their contacts was 29.7% (2281/7673). It was higher among contacts of smoking index cases (35.3%) than among those of non-smokers (25.7%). Smoking was independently associated with an increased risk of LTBI among contacts (aOR 1.5, 95%CI 1.3-1.7), and was estimated to be responsible for 12.8% of infections.
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Index case smoking increases the risk of LTBI and should be systematically investigated. A reduction in smoking could lower the risk of infection substantially. Final Decision: yes