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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: AIDS Dementia Complex, Adult, Dendritic Cells, Female, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Infusions, Intravenous, Lymphocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Recombinant Proteins, Treatment Outcome.
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Does granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) restore allostimulatory function to accessory cells in patients with AIDS? Context: Impaired allostimulatory function of dendritic cells in patients with AIDS has been reported previously. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can restore the T-cell stimulatory function in transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1)-inhibited murine accessory cells. We now report the effect of intravenous recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) on accessory cells of HIV-infected patients. The in vivo effect of GM-CSF on allostimulatory function of accessory cells was evaluated. Seventeen individuals with AIDS received a single infusion of rhGM-CSF (125 mg/m(2) over 120 minutes). Samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were taken at 1, 5, and 24 hours after infusion, and the allostimulatory capacity was measured. A single bolus infusion of rhGM-CSF resulted in significantly increased accessory cell function in 13/17 (88%) patients at one or more assayed time points after infusion.
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These results suggest that the administration of rhGM-CSF can potentially restore allostimulatory function to accessory cells in HIV-infected patients, and this presents a novel way of immune reconstitution. Clinical significance of this approach of immune reconstitution in AIDS patients warrants further investigations. Final Decision: yes