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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Adult, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Bacterial Infections, Cathelicidins, Cytokines, Female, Gene Expression, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Male, Middle Aged, Nasal Mucosa, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rhinitis, Up-Regulation.
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Is antimicrobial peptide LL-37 upregulated in chronic nasal inflammatory disease? Context: LL-37 is one of the antimicrobial peptides and the only member of the cathelicidin family identified so far in humans. We attempted to find a correlation between LL-37 peptide and inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Nasal mucosa specimens were obtained from 15 chronic infective rhinitis patients and 6 normal controls. Immunohistochemical staining was used to examine the localization of LL-37 and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the levels of LL-37, IL-1beta and IL-8 in tissue. LL-37 peptide was primarily localized in the surface of the epithelia, in the serous and mucous cells of the submucosal glands and in stromal inflammatory cells. The number of LL-37 immunoreactive cells in inflammatory nasal mucosa was significantly increased compared with normal nasal tissue. Using RT-PCR, LL-37 mRNA was detected in 3/6 normal turbinate samples but in all cases with inflammatory nasal tissues. IL-1beta and IL-8 transcripts exhibited a similar pattern to that of LL-37.
assistant
We suggest that LL-37 is one of the antimicrobial peptides found in human nasal mucosa and that it participates in the innate immune system of the nasal mucosa. Final Decision: yes