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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Antiviral Agents, Cytomegalovirus, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Ganciclovir, Graft Rejection, Graft Survival, Humans, Lung Diseases, Lung Transplantation, Male, Middle Aged, Minnesota, Postoperative Complications, Prevalence, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Survival Rate, Valganciclovir.
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Is cytomegalovirus disease associated with higher all-cause mortality after lung transplantation despite extended antiviral prophylaxis? Context: The duration of anticytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis after lung transplantation (LT) varies among transplant centers. A retrospective review of CMV donor-seropositive/recipient-seronegative (D+/R-) and CMV recipient-seropositive (R+) LT patients between January 2005 and September 2012 was performed. Starting January 2007, valganciclovir prophylaxis was given for at least 12 months (often lifelong) for CMV D+/R- and extended from three to six months for R+ LT patients. Risks of CMV infection and CMV disease, and mortality after LT, were assessed. A total of 88 LT patients were studied, including 32 CMV D+/R-, and 56 R+ patients. During the follow-up period, 11 (12.5%) patients had asymptomatic CMV infection, and nine (10.3%) developed CMV disease. CMV disease (HR, 4.189; 95% CI: 1.672-10.495; p = 0.002) and CMV infection and disease (HR, 3.775; 95% CI: 1.729-8.240; p = 0.001) were significant risk factors for mortality. Overall, no significant difference was observed in rates of CMV infection or disease among LT recipients who received shorter vs. extended CMV prophylaxis.
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Despite extended prophylaxis, LT patients remain at risk of CMV infection and disease. CMV remains associated with increased mortality after transplantation. Final Decision: yes