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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Adolescent, Aging, Canada, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, DNA, Ethnic Groups, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Kidney, Kidney Function Tests, Male, Phenotype, Radionuclide Imaging, Radiopharmaceuticals, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid, Ultrasonography, Ureter, Vesico-Ureteral Reflux.
user
Does a single-center cohort of Canadian children with VUR reveal renal phenotypes important for genetic studies? Context: Many genes and loci have been reported in genetic studies of primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), but few have been reproduced in independent cohorts, perhaps because of phenotype heterogeneity. We phenotyped children with VUR who attended urology clinics so we could establish criteria to stratify patients based on the presence or absence of a renal malformation. History, chart review, and DNA were obtained for 200 children with VUR from 189 families to determine the grade of VUR, the mode of presentation, and the family history for each child. Kidney length measured on ultrasound (US) and technetium dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scans at the time of VUR diagnosis were used to establish the presence of a concurrent renal malformation and identify the presence of renal scarring. There was an even distribution of girls and boys, and most patients were diagnosed following a urinary tract infection (UTI). Thirty-four percent of the children had severe VUR, and 25 % had undergone surgical correction. VUR is highly heritable, with 15 % of the families reporting multiple affected members. Most patients had normally formed kidneys as determined by US and DMSA imaging. Of the 93 patients who underwent DMSA imaging, 17 (18 %) showed scarring, 2 (2 %) showed scarring and diffuse reduction in uptake, and 13 (14 %) showed an isolated diffuse reduction in uptake.
assistant
Prospective long-term studies of patients with primary VUR combined with renal phenotyping using US and DMSA imaging are needed to establish the presence of a renal malformation. The majority of patients in our study had no renal malformation. This cohort is a new resource for genetic studies of children with primary VUR. Final Decision: yes