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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Biopsy, Blotting, Western, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cells, Cultured, Child, Child, Preschool, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Gastric Mucosa, Helicobacter Infections, Helicobacter pylori, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Interferon-gamma, Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Male, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Transforming Growth Factor beta1.
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Does susceptibility to pediatric Helicobacter pylori infection correlate with the host responses of regulatory and effector T cells? Context: Tolerance to the early acquisition of Helicobacter pylori is suggested because of a biased ratio of regulatory to effector T cells in a mice model. This study investigated whether the CD4CD25 regulatory T (Treg) and CD4+CD25- effector T (Teff) cell responses after H. pylori exposure determine H. pylori susceptibility in children. Treg and Teff cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of H. pylori-infected and non-infected children were incubated with H. pylori protein. The cytokine levels and fraction of FOXP3+ to T cells were measured. FOXP3 expression was assessed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry of gastric biopsies from dyspeptic children. The fraction of FOXP3+ to CD4+CD25 high cells in PBMCs, FOXP3-positive staining and translation level in gastric tissues were higher in H. pylori-infected children than in controls (P < 0.05). The translation levels of TGF-β1 in gastric tissues were higher in H. pylori-infected children than in controls (P < 0.05). After H. pylori challenge, H. pylori-infected children had a positive net-change in TGF-β1 from Treg cells, and a negative net-change of IFN-γ from Teff cells. Paradoxically, the non-infected controls had a negative net-change in TGF-β1 from Treg cells, and a positive net-change of IFN-γ from Teff cells.
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The host response of Treg cells with increases in FOXP3 and TGF-β1 combined with a reduction in IFN-γ by Teff cells may contribute to H. pylori susceptibility in children. Final Decision: yes