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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Antigens, CD, B7-H1 Antigen, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Immunophenotyping, Kidney Neoplasms, Kidney Pelvis, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating, Male, Neoplasm Proteins, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis, Ureteral Neoplasms, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms.
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Does overexpression of B7-H1 ( PD-L1 ) significantly associate with tumor grade and postoperative prognosis in human urothelial cancers? Context: The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/B7-H1 (also called PD-L1) pathway negatively regulates T cell activation and has been suggested to play an important role in regulating antitumor host immunity. To investigate the clinical significance of B7-H1 expression to the tumor grade and postoperative prognosis of patients with urothelial cancer, we analyzed the relationship between B7-H1 expression and various clinicopathological features and postoperative prognosis. Sixty-five urothelial cancer cases were examined. B7-H1 expression in tumors and the numbers and phenotypes of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. A substantial expression of B7-H1 was observed in all urothelial cancers investigated. Tumor specimens from patients with higher WHO grade or primary tumor classifications showed significantly higher percentages of tumor-associated B7-H1. Tumor-associated B7-H1 expression was significantly associated with a high frequency of postoperative recurrence and poor survival rate. Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicated that tumor-associated B7-H1 was more significant prognostic factor than WHO grade.
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Our results demonstrate that the aberrant expression of B7-H1 in urothelial cancer is associated with aggressive tumors, suggesting a regulatory role of tumor-associated B7-H1 in antitumor immunity. Therefore, the manipulation of tumor-associated B7-H1 may become a beneficial target for immunotherapy in human urothelial cancer. Final Decision: yes