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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, Animals, Blood Glucose, Body Weight, Diet, Diet, High-Fat, Dietary Carbohydrates, Glucose, Glucose Transporter Type 2, Glucose Transporter Type 4, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Leptin, Liver, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Muscle, Skeletal, Oryza, Pancreas, RNA, Messenger, Seeds.
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Does long-term intake of rice improve insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet? Context: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rice as a carbohydrate source and its molecular mechanisms on insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). C57 BL/6 J mice were divided into three groups and were fed a low-fat diet (LFD); a HFD (with 18% fat, 0.5% cholesterol, 51.5% w/w cornstarch and sucrose); or a HFD with rice (HFD-CR, with 18% fat, 0.5% cholesterol and 51.5% w/w rice powder) for 12 wk. In the HFD-CR diet, cooked rice powder was substituted for cornstarch and sucrose in the HFD as a carbohydrate source. HFD-CR-fed mice had significantly lower body weight, blood glucose, insulin and leptin levels and ameliorated glucose responses with decreased homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance compared with HFD-fed mice. Hepatic mRNA levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase were down-regulated in the HFD-CR group. The hypertrophied islet size and the decreased pancreatic mRNA expression of glucose transporter 2 in the HFD group were normalized with cooked rice consumption. Rice promoted glucose uptake by activating AMP-activated protein kinase and downstream glucose transporter 4 in the skeletal muscle.
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Rice consumption as a carbohydrate source might potentiate improvements in glucose uptake via AMP-activated protein kinase activation and glucose transporter 4 expression in the skeletal muscles, thereby improving insulin sensitivity. Final Decision: yes