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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, BACKGROUND, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Aged, Antineoplastic Agents, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Clinical Protocols, Cohort Studies, Colectomy, Colonic Neoplasms, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Patient Selection, Proportional Hazards Models, Quality Indicators, Health Care, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome.
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Adequacy of the National Quality Forum's Colon Cancer Adjuvant Chemotherapy Quality Metric: Is 4 Months Soon Enough? Context: To ascertain whether the National Quality Forum-endorsed time interval for adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) initiation optimizes patient outcome. Delayed AC initiation for stage III colon cancer is associated with worse survival and the focus of a National Quality Forum quality metric (<4 months among patients aged<80 years). Observational cohort study of patients with stage III colon cancer younger than 80 years within the National Cancer Data Base (2003-2010). The primary outcome was 5-year overall survival evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Aggregate survival estimates for historical surgery-only controls from pooled National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project trial data were also used. Among 51,331 patients (60.8 ± 11.6 years, 50.2% males, and 77.3% white), 76.3% received standard AC (≤ 2 months) and 21.6% delayed (>2 and<4 months) AC. Earlier AC was associated with better 5-year overall survival [standard AC, 69.8%; delayed AC, 62.0%; late AC (4-6 months), 51.4%; log-rank, P<0.001]. The survival rate after late AC was similar to surgery alone (51.1%; Wilcoxon rank sum, P = 0.10). Compared with late AC, standard AC (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.72) and delayed AC (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.89) significantly decreased risk of death. Risk of death was also lower for standard AC compared to delayed AC (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-0.86).
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One in 5 patients with stage III colon cancer initiates AC within the National Quality Forum-endorsed interval, but does not derive the full benefit. These data support strengthening current quality improvement initiatives and colon cancer treatment guidelines to encourage AC initiation within 2 months of resection when possible, but not beyond 4 months.