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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Age of Onset, Calcium, Calcium Gluconate, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hyperkalemia, Incidence, Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, Japan, Male, Potassium, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome.
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Does high-dose calcium reduce early-onset hyperkalemia in extremely preterm neonates? Context: Early-onset hyperkalemia often occurs in extremely preterm infants during a few days after birth. While there are several treatments for hyperkalemia, calcium infusion to reduce plasma potassium concentrations remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a high dosage of calcium reduces early-onset hyperkalemia. Extremely low-birthweight neonates born at 22-25 weeks' gestation were enrolled. We analyzed data using multivariate regression analysis and performed a retrospective cohort study with patients divided into two groups according to the dosage of calcium in their initial infusion. A total of 103 patients were eligible. Early-onset hyperkalemia was observed in 27 patients. The dosage of calcium gluconate during 24 h after birth was the only independent factor affecting early-onset hyperkalemia. The maximum plasma potassium concentration during 72 h after birth was negatively correlated with the dosage of calcium. High-dose calcium reduced occurrences of hyperkalemia and hypoglycemia caused by insulin infusion given for treatment of hyperkalemia, without increasing the risk of any other complications.
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Infusion of calcium gluconate may reduce early-onset hyperkalemia in a dose-dependent manner. Final Decision: yes