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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Adult, Aged, Alanine Transaminase, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Blood Glucose, C-Reactive Protein, Cells, Cultured, Cholesterol, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fasting, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin A, Humans, Interleukin-1beta, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Male, Membrane Proteins, Middle Aged, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Triglycerides.
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Is increased T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 4 ( TIM-4 ) negatively correlated with serum concentrations of interleukin-1β in type 2 diabetes? Context: T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 4 (TIM-4), a novel immune regulator, is selectively expressed on antigen-presenting cells, especially macrophages and mature dendritic cells. Although TIM-4 plays key roles in mutiple immune diseases, whether it is involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of TIM-4 in T2D and determine its significance in disease progression. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from T2D patients and healthy controls to measure TIM-4 mRNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sera were collected to determine interleukin (IL)-1β concentrations and other clinical indicators (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting glucose, HbA1c, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase). Expression of TIM-4 mRNA was increased significantly in PBMCs from T2D patients compared with healthy controls. There was a positive correlation between TIM-4 mRNA expression and serum concentrations of hsCRP. However, there was a negative correlation between TIM-4 mRNA expression and IL-1β concentrations, indicating the potential role for TIM-4 to negatively regulate IL-1β production. In addition, TIM-4 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with lowLDL-C, and there was a tendency for a negative relationship between TIM-4 mRNA expression and HbA1c.
assistant
The results of the present study indicate that TIM-4 contributes, at least in part, to the pathogenesis of T2D, possibly by regulating IL-1β. Final Decision: yes