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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Biomarkers, Blood Glucose, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fasting, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Glycated Hemoglobin A, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Longitudinal Studies, Male.
user
Is haemoglobin A1c a surrogate for glucose and insulin measures for investigating the early life and childhood determinants of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes in healthy children . An analysis from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children ( ALSPAC )? Context: Research into early life and childhood determinants of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes are complicated by requirements for fasting blood samples and glucose tolerance tests. We investigated haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)), a marker of glycaemia measured in non-fasting blood, as an alternative. HbA(1c) was measured in 1645 children aged 9-11 years without diabetes from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Thirty-nine children had two HbA(1c) measurements. Data on parental, child and potential confounding factors were collected prospectively from questionnaires, medical records and direct examination. Data from a shortened 30-min oral glucose tolerance test were available for 431 children at age 8 years. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Mean (sd) HbA(1c) was 4.91(0.29)%. HbA(1c) increased with age and was higher in boys compared with girls, non-white compared with white children, and in children with anaemia. Mean difference between repeated HbA(1c) measurements was 0.01%. HbA(1c) was weakly positively associated with fasting glucose (beta = 0.066%/mmol/l, P = 0.05), but was not associated with 30-min glucose, fasting or 30-min insulin, or homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance. HbA(1c) was weakly inversely associated with weight sd score (beta =-0.02%/unit, P = 0.004), body mass index sd score (beta = -0.02%/unit, P = 0.002), and total body fat (beta = -0.003%/kg, P = 0.06) and lean mass (beta = -0.011%/kg, P = 0.01), but was not associated with birthweight or breastfeeding.
assistant
HbA(1c) is not a good marker of fasting or post-load glucose and insulin measures in healthy children, and is not a viable alternative to these measures for investigating the determinants of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes in children. Final Decision: no