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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Antibodies, Bacterial, Bacterial Proteins, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Carrier State, Cell Proliferation, Cells, Cultured, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Interferon-gamma, Male, Nasopharynx, Pneumococcal Infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptolysins, Time Factors, Toll-Like Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha.
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Is low CD4 T cell immunity to pneumolysin associated with nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci in children? Context: Recent studies in mice have suggested that T cell immunity may be protective against pneumococcal infection. CD4 T cell proliferative responses to the pneumococcal proteins pneumolysin (Ply), Ply toxoid (F433), and choline-binding protein A were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and adenoidal mononuclear cells (MNCs) obtained from children undergoing adenoidectomy. Ply and F433 induce significant proliferation of CD4 T cells in both PBMCs and adenoidal MNCs, and both memory and naive phenotypes of CD4 T cells proliferated after stimulation. In PBMCs, CD4 T cell proliferation induced by Ply and F433, which was associated with increased production of interferon (IFN)- gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- alpha , was significantly lower in children who were culture positive for pneumococcus than in those who were culture negative for pneumococcus (P<.05). Between groups, no such difference was observed in adenoidal MNC CD4 T cell proliferation, which was associated with production of IFN- gamma and interleukin (IL)-10. The CD4 T cell proliferation induced by Ply and F433 was inhibited by antibodies to Toll-like receptor 4.
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These data suggest that Ply induces CD4 T cell proliferative responses with production of IFN- gamma and TNF- alpha in PBMCs or of IFN- gamma and IL-10 in adenoidal MNCs, which may be important in modulating pneumococcal carriage in children. Final Decision: yes