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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Adipose Tissue, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Energy Intake, European Continental Ancestry Group, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Glucose Clamp Technique, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Hyperinsulinism, Life Style, Male, Mice, Multivariate Analysis, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sports, Viscera.
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Does circulating palmitoleate strongly and independently predict insulin sensitivity in humans? Context: We investigated whether palmitoleate, which prevents insulin resistance in mice, predicts insulin sensitivity in humans. The fasting fatty acid pattern in the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) fraction was determined in 100 subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Insulin sensitivity was estimated during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and after 9 months of lifestyle intervention and measured during the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (n = 79). Circulating palmitoleate (OGTT:F ratio = 8.2, P = 0.005; clamp:F ratio = 7.8, P = 0.007) but not total FFAs (OGTT:F ratio = 0.6, P = 0.42; clamp:F ratio = 0.7, P = 0.40) correlated positively with insulin sensitivity, independently of age, sex, and adiposity. High baseline palmitoleate predicted a larger increase in insulin sensitivity. For 1-SD increase in palmitoleate, the odds ratio for being in the highest versus the lowest tertile of adjusted change in insulin sensitivity was 2.35 (95% CI 1.16-5.35).
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Circulating palmitoleate strongly and independently predicts insulin sensitivity, suggesting that it plays an important role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in humans. Final Decision: yes