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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Alleles, Amino Acids, Analysis of Variance, Body Mass Index, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet Records, Dietary Sucrose, Feeding Behavior, Female, Genotype, Homozygote, Humans, Male, Obesity, Overweight, Patient Education as Topic, Polymorphism, Genetic, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Reference Values, Regression Analysis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult.
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Is genetic variation in TAS1R2 ( Ile191Val ) associated with consumption of sugars in overweight and obese individuals in 2 distinct populations? Context: Taste is an important determinant of food consumption, and genetic variations in the sweet taste receptor subunit TAS1R2 may contribute to interindividual variations in sugar consumption. We determined whether Ser9Cys and Ile191Val variations in TAS1R2 were associated with differences in the consumption of sugars in 2 populations. Population 1 included 1037 diabetes-free young adults in whom we assessed dietary intake by using a 1-mo, 196-item food-frequency questionnaire. Population 2 consisted of 100 individuals with type 2 diabetes with dietary intakes assessed by using 2 sets of 3-d food records administered 2 wk apart. Dietary counseling was provided between food records 1 and 2. Dietary intakes between genotypes were compared by using analysis of covariance adjusted for potential confounders. In population 1, a significant Ile191Val × body mass index (BMI; in kg/m²) interaction was detected for the consumption of sugars, and the effect of genotype was significant only in individuals with a BMI ≥ 25 (n = 205). In comparison with individuals homozygous for the Ile allele, Val carriers consumed fewer sugars (122 ± 6 compared with 103 ± 6 g sugar/d, respectively; P = 0.01). Regression estimates that associated BMI with total sugar consumption by Ile/Ile and Val-carrier genotype intersected at a BMI of 23.5. In population 2, Val carriers also consumed less sugar than did individuals with the Ile/Ile genotype (99 ± 6 compared with 83 ± 6 g sugar/d, respectively; P = 0.04) on food record 2, and sugar was the only macronutrient that decreased significantly (-9 ± 4 g sugar/d, P = 0.02) in Val carriers who received dietary counseling.
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Our findings show that a genetic variation in TAS1R2 affects habitual consumption of sugars and may contribute to interindividual differences in changing behaviors in response to dietary counseling. Final Decision: yes