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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Animals, Apoptosis, Cell Death, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Membrane Permeability, Cysteine, Gold, Lasers, Macrophage Activation, Macrophages, Mice, Mitochondria, Nanotubes, Oligopeptides, Photochemical Processes, Reactive Oxygen Species.
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Does gold nanorod-mediated photothermolysis induce apoptosis of macrophages via damage of mitochondria? Context: Induction of apoptosis or necrosis in activated macrophages by gold nanorod-mediated photothermolysis is demonstrated and the mechanisms underlying the processes are investigated. Gold nanorods were functionalized with cysteine-octaarginine peptides (R8-NRs). Uptake of R8-NRs by activated macrophages was monitored by two-photon luminescence imaging. The laser irradiation conditions were controlled to induce apoptosis or necrosis to R8-NR-internalized macrophages. Mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species overproduction during photothermolysis was investigated by confocal fluorescence microscopy and transmission-electron microscopy. Activated macrophages efficiently uptake R8-NRs both in vitro and in live animals. Laser irradiation of internalized nanorods with controlled power density induces apoptosis of macrophages via intracellular perturbation and subsequent injury of mitochondria.
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Gold nanorod-mediated photothermolysis provides one promising way to eliminate activated macrophages in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Final Decision: yes