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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Apoptosis, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Calcineurin, Calcineurin Inhibitors, Caspase 3, Cells, Cultured, Coculture Techniques, Cyclosporine, Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Immunosuppressive Agents, Protein Kinases, Sirolimus, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases.
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Is apoptosis of allospecifically activated human helper T cells blocked by calcineurin inhibition? Context: Classical transplantation immunosuppression relies heavily upon the interruption of interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling by calcineurin inhibition. However, recent evidence in murine models suggests that IL-2 is necessary for activation-induced cell death (AICD) of allograft-specific lymphocytes. We examined the apoptotic effects of the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A and mTOR inhibitor rapamycin on the apoptotic alterations that occur in allospecifically activated human lymphocytes in a one-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). Cyclosporine increased caspase-3 activation in MLC, which corresponded with a decrease in lymphocyte apoptosis in MLC. Cyclosporine also reduced apoptosis in the CD4+ helper T cell subset, while CD8+ cells had similar or increased apoptosis when compared to controls. In contrast, rapamycin-treated cultures had normal levels of CD4+ T cell apoptosis when compared to control MLC, with decreases seen in CD8+ T lymphocytes.
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In humans, blockade of IL-2 receptor signal with rapamycin allows apoptosis of allospecifically activated CD4+ lymphocytes to occur, while blockade of IL-2 production with cyclosporine results in decreased apoptosis in this T cell subset. As helper T cells are integral to the immune response, these results may explain the tolerogenic effects of rapamycin. Final Decision: yes