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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS, INTERVENTION, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE, RESULTS. Meshes: Abortion, Spontaneous, Adult, Embryo Transfer, Female, Fertilization in Vitro, Fetal Monitoring, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Multiple, Ultrasonography.
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The natural history of multiple pregnancies after assisted reproduction: is spontaneous fetal demise a clinically significant phenomenon? Context: To determine the rate of spontaneous fetal demise after heartbeats are demonstrated in multiple pregnancies conceived after IVF-ET. Retrospective case series. University-based IVF-ET program. Eighty-one patients in whom initial transvaginal ultrasound (US) study, performed at 5 to 6 weeks of gestation, identified more than one gestational sac. Total number of sacs was 191. Patients were followed by serial US examinations. Outcome of pregnancies. Twenty-four empty gestational sacs were identified in 21 patients, of whom 15 delivered, 2 miscarried, and 4 are currently ongoing beyond first trimester. Of the 167 initially viable embryos, 9 (5%) underwent spontaneous fetal demise. In 5 of these 9 pregnancies, initial US identified significant interfetal size variation.
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The rate of spontaneous fetal demise for a specific embryo in multiple gestation, after fetal heartbeats have been identified in early pregnancy, is 5%. This rate is similar to that seen in spontaneous conceptions. The chance of future fetal demise increases if first trimester interfetal size variation is significant.