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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Animals, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cytokines, Dietary Fats, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Hyperlipidemias, Interleukin-18, Male, Mice, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Messenger.
user
Is proatherogenic effect of interleukin-18 exerted with high-fat diet , but not with normal diet in spontaneously hyperlipidemic mice? Context: It has been considered that interleukin (IL)-18, a T helper 1(Th1) type cytokine, has a promoting effect on atherosclerosis development. A previous mouse study demonstrated that short-term exogenous IL-18 promoted atherosclerosis through a Th1 type immune response; however, the serum IL-18 may have increased greatly beyond its physiological range, and the effect of increased serum IL-18 on atherosclerosis development has not been investigated under different conditions of dietary fat content. The purpose of this study was to reveal the effect of increased serum IL-18 within its physiological fluctuations on atherosclerosis development under different conditions of dietary fat content. Spontaneously hyperlipidemic (SHL) mice were systemically supplied with IL-18 for 10 weeks by means of an in vivo gene transfer system with a high-fat diet containing 0.15% cholesterol or a normal diet. Serum IL-18 steadily elevated within its physiological fluctuations. An atherosclerotic lesion area in the aortic root significantly increased with a high-fat diet. Systemic cytokine balance shifted to a Th1-dominant state, and IL-12 mRNA in the arterial wall significantly increased with a high-fat diet; however, these findings were not observed with a normal diet.
assistant
It was suggested that the proatherogenic effect of IL-18 is physiologically exerted exclusively with a high-fat diet through Th1 type immune responses, but not with a normal diet. Final Decision: yes