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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Antiviral Agents, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Histocompatibility Antigens, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed, Ribonucleases.
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Is ribonuclease partly responsible for the HIV-1 inhibitory effect activated by HLA alloantigen recognition? Context: This study was performed to determine whether ribonucleases (RNases) contribute to the soluble HIV-1 inhibitory activity that results from the recognition of HLA alloantigens. Supernatants from mixed lymphocyte reactions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy HLA-discordant individuals exhibited HIV-1 inhibitory activity (alloantigen-stimulated factors; ASF). These supernatants were tested for their sensitivity to heating (90 degrees C for 3 min), and for the presence of three RNases belonging to the RNase A superfamily: eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN); RNase A; and angiogenin. Polyclonal antibodies specific for these RNases were used for Western blot analysis of the ASF, as well as for blocking the HIV-1 inhibitory activity of ASF. In addition, an RNase inhibitor (RI) was used to determine whether the anti-viral activity of ASF was due to RNase activity. HIV-1 inhibitory activity of ASF was: (i). resistant to heat treatment; (ii). blocked by 58% with an antibody specific for EDN, but not with antibodies against RNase A or angiogenin; and (iii) blocked by 65-100% with an RI. Moreover, Western blot analysis with an anti-EDN antibody detected EDN in the ASF.
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These findings indicate that the majority of the soluble HIV-1 inhibitory activity contained in the supernatants of mixed lymphocyte reactions is due to EDN or a closely related RNase. Final Decision: yes