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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Biomarkers, Tumor, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, DNA, Viral, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, In Situ Hybridization, Male, Middle Aged, Oropharynx, Papillomaviridae, Papillomavirus Infections, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Retrospective Studies, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck.
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Is squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck outside the oropharynx rarely human papillomavirus related? Context: The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven disease beyond the oropharynx varies greatly in the reported literature. Case series. Two hundred twenty-one samples were strictly classified to the subsites of oral cavity, larynx, or hypopharynx at the time of primary surgery. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were subjected to a validated, tiered, diagnostic algorithm of p16 immunohistochemistry, high-risk HPV in situ hybridization, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for HPV E6 DNA. An additional 60 oropharyngeal cases acted as an internal biological control. An incidence of 4% of HPV-driven cases was observed across the subsites outside the oropharynx compared to 70% of tumors confined within it.
assistant
This is the first reporting of a broad range of nonoropharyngeal HPV rates using this validated diagnostic algorithm. It remains unclear whether patients with HPV-driven disease originating outside the oropharynx enjoy the same survival advantage apparent in those patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Final Decision: yes