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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Biomarkers, Tumor, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Prognosis, Receptors, Androgen, Sex Factors, Tissue Array Analysis, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms.
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Is loss of androgen receptor expression associated with pathological stage , grade , gender or outcome in bladder cancer : a large multi-institutional study? Context: • To investigate androgen receptor (AR) expression in a large series of patients with bladder cancer (BC) because data on a limited number of patients showed that loss of AR expression was associated with invasive BC. • A total of 472 patients with urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC) from two institutional centres (Toronto and Dallas) were analysed. Tissue microarrays comprising both non-muscle-invasive UBC (n= 167) and muscle-invasive UBC (n= 305) were accrued and immunohistochemical staining for AR was performed. • We used bright-field microscopy imaging coupled with advanced colour detection software to detect, classify and count stained cellular objects and manual scoring. • Results obtained in Dallas were blindly reviewed and validated in Toronto and samples randomly chosen were further analysed in Rochester, NY, USA. • The AR were positively expressed in 61/472 (12.9%) bladder tumours. No statistically significant difference in AR expression between men and women was observed. • Only 9.0% of non-muscle-invasive BC expressed the AR compared with 15.1% of muscle-invasive tumours (P= 0.059). The highest percentage of AR positivity (28.9% of cases) was found in T2 tumours. • There was no statistically significant difference in death from BC, time to death, or time to recurrence between AR-positive and AR-negative cases.
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• In contrast to previous reports, based on our large BC series, we did not observe a decrease in AR protein expression in bladder tumours with increased pathological stage. Our data do not suggest that loss of AR expression is gender-related nor is it associated with invasive BC. Final Decision: no