system
Medical AI Inquiry: You were designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.
user
 A 50-year-old man presents with headache, chest discomfort, and blurred vision. His headache started 2 days ago and has not improved. He describes it as severe, throbbing, localized to the occipital part of the head and worse at the end of the day. He says he has associated nausea but denies any vomiting. Past medical history is significant for hypertension diagnosed 15 years ago, managed with beta-blockers until the patient self d/c’ed them a month ago. He has not seen a physician for the past 2 years. Family history is significant for hypertension and an ST-elevation myocardial infarction in his father and diabetes mellitus in his mother. Vitals signs are a blood pressure of 200/110 mm Hg, a pulse rate of 100/min and respiratory rate of 18/min Ophthalmoscopy reveals arteriolar nicking and papilledema. His ECG is normal. Laboratory findings are significant for a serum creatinine of 1.4 mg/dL and a blood urea nitrogen of 25 mg/dL. Urinalysis has 2+ protein.  He is started on intravenous nitroprusside. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology responsible for the neovascular changes present in this patient?
assistant
Smooth muscle hyperplasia and duplication of the basement membrane