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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Adult, Betamethasone, Chorioamnionitis, Cohort Studies, Confidence Intervals, Delivery, Obstetric, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gestational Age, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Maternal Age, Obstetric Labor, Premature, Poisson Distribution, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Probability, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Time Factors, Young Adult.
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Are the effects of a preterm labor episode prior to 34 weeks evident in late preterm outcomes , despite the administration of betamethasone? Context: We sought to assess whether betamethasone (BETA) <34 weeks reduces adverse outcomes in late preterm infants. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with spontaneous birth 34-36 6/7 weeks. We determined whether patients were exposed to preterm labor (PTL) <34 weeks and BETA and calculated the incidence of adverse respiratory and composite outcomes and neonatal intensive care unit admission. We used chi(2) analyses to determine associations between PTL+BETA and adverse outcomes, and Poisson regression to model cumulative incidence and control for confounders. We enrolled 700 mother-infant pairs. The 36-week PTL+BETA infants were at increased risk of respiratory outcome (incident risk ratio [IRR], 2.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-5.45), neonatal intensive care unit admission (IRR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.14-3.56), and composite outcome (IRR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.08-2.68) compared to those without PTL+BETA. Chorioamnionitis was independently associated with all adverse outcomes.
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We hypothesize that early PTL is a surrogate for intrauterine inflammation and is responsible for the observed adverse outcomes in those with PTL+BETA. Final Decision: yes