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Medical AI Inquiry: You were designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.
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Stroke volume can be decreased by which of the following?
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The correct answer is  Stroke volume is determined by preload, afterload, and contractility Increasing heart rate decreases the time for filling during diastole and may decrease preload and therefore stroke volume. Increasing preload by increasing central venous pressure will increase stroke volume. Similarly, decreasing afterload by decreasing total peripheral resistance or systemic blood pres sure will cause an increase in stroke volume, Increasing contractility will also increase stroke volume.