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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, RESULTS. Meshes: Alkanesulfonates, Animals, Apolipoprotein E3, Apolipoproteins E, Atherosclerosis, Biomarkers, Blood Vessels, Cell Adhesion, Cholesterol, Cholesterol, Dietary, Collagen, Dietary Fats, Female, Hypercholesterolemia, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Lipids, Lipoproteins, Macrophages, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Monocytes, NF-kappa B, PPAR alpha, PPAR gamma, Phenylpropionates.
user
Does dual PPARalpha/gamma agonist tesaglitazar reduce atherosclerosis in insulin-resistant and hypercholesterolemic ApoE*3Leiden mice? Context: We investigated whether the dual PPARalpha/gamma agonist tesaglitazar has anti-atherogenic effects in ApoE*3Leiden mice with reduced insulin sensitivity. ApoE*3Leiden transgenic mice were fed a high-fat (HF) insulin-resistance-inducing diet. One group received a high-cholesterol (HC) supplement (1% wt/wt; HC group). A second group received the same HC supplement along with tesaglitazar (T) 0.5 micromol/kg diet (T group). A third (control) group received a low-cholesterol (LC) supplement (0.1% wt/wt; LC group). Tesaglitazar decreased plasma cholesterol by 20% compared with the HC group; cholesterol levels were similar in the T and LC groups. Compared with the HC group, tesaglitazar caused a 92% reduction in atherosclerosis, whereas a 56% reduction was seen in the cholesterol-matched LC group. Furthermore, tesaglitazar treatment significantly reduced lesion number beyond that expected from cholesterol lowering and induced a shift to less severe lesions. Concomitantly, tesaglitazar reduced macrophage-rich and collagen areas. In addition, tesaglitazar reduced inflammatory markers, including plasma SAA levels, the number of adhering monocytes, and nuclear factor kappaB-activity in the vessel wall.
assistant
Tesaglitazar has anti-atherosclerotic effects in the mouse model that go beyond plasma cholesterol lowering, possibly caused by a combination of altered lipoprotein profiles and anti-inflammatory vascular effects. Final Decision: yes