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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, RESULTS. Meshes: Aged, Coronary Angiography, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, Heart Failure, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone.
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Is low free testosterone associated with heart failure mortality in older men referred for coronary angiography? Context: Accumulating evidence suggests that androgen deficiency is associated with cardiovascular disease. We aimed at evaluating whether total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (FT) are associated with specific cardiovascular events. We measured TT and sex-hormone-binding globulin levels in 2078 men who were routinely referred for coronary angiography between 1997 and 2000. Free testosterone was calculated according to Vermeulen. Main outcome measures were Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) for sudden cardiac death, fatal myocardial infarction, death from congestive heart failure (CHF), as well as other cardiac deaths according to quartiles of TT and FT. The median follow-up time was 7.7 years. Multivariable adjusted HRs (with 95% confidence intervals) in the fourth compared with the first FT quartile and per 1 SD increase in FT for CHF mortality were 0.38 (0.17-0.87) and 0.37 (0.15-0.89), respectively. We observed no independent significant association of FT with sudden cardiac death, fatal myocardial infarction, or other cardiac death. There was no independent association of TT levels with cardiovascular events or cardiac disease.
assistant
Low levels of FT are independently associated with increased CHF mortality. Final Decision: yes