system
Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: B-Lymphocytes, Cell Proliferation, Cells, Cultured, HIV-1, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Immunoglobulin Class Switching, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Lymphocyte Activation, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Signal Transduction, Syk Kinase.
user
Does hIV-1 induce B-cell activation and class switch recombination via spleen tyrosine kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways? Context: Patients infected by the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) frequently show a general deregulation of immune system. A direct influence of HIV-1 particles on B-cell activation, proliferation and B-cell phenotype alterations has been recently described. Moreover, expression of activation-induced cytidinedeaminase (AID) mRNA, which is responsible for class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), was reported to be overexpressed in B cells exposed to HIV-1. Study of primary human B cells in an in-vitro model. In the current study, we evaluated which signalling pathways are activated in primary B cells after a direct contact with HIV-1 particles in vitro using different kinase inhibitors. Here, we report that B-cell activation together with the increase of AID mRNA expression and the subsequent class switch recombination (CSR) in HIV-exposed B cells occurred through spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways.
assistant
Therefore, we showed that HIV-1 could directly induce primary B-cell deregulation via SYK/B-cell receptor (BCR) engagement, and that activation was followed by the JNK pathway activation. To our knowledge, these data provide the first evidence that SYK/BCR activation was the first step for B-cell activation and CSR mechanism after HIV-1 stimulation in a T-cell-free context. Final Decision: yes