system
Medical AI Inquiry: You were designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.
user
A 60-year-old man presents to the clinic for his annual check-up. The patient says that he has occasional leg cramps, and his legs feel heavy especially after standing for long hours to teach his classes. His past medical history is significant for hypertension which is controlled by metoprolol and lisinopril. He has smoked half a pack of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years. He does not drink alcohol. Family history is significant for myocardial infarction (MI) in his father at the age of 55 years. The blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and the pulse rate is 78/min. On physical examination, there are tortuosities of the veins over his lower limb, more pronounced over the left leg. Peripheral pulses are 2+ on all extremities and there are no skin changes. Strength is 5 out of 5 in all extremities bilaterally. Sensation is intact. No pain in the dorsiflexion of the foot. The rest of the examination and the laboratory tests are normal. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology responsible for this patient’s symptoms?
assistant
Valvular incompetence of lower limb veins and increased venous pressure