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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: PURPOSE, MATERIAL AND METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Adult, Aged, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Contrast Media, Echocardiography, Doppler, Color, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Image Enhancement, Lymphatic Metastasis, Male, Middle Aged, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Oxygen, Prognosis, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity.
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Contrast-enhanced color duplex sonography (CDS): an alternative for the evaluation of therapy-relevant tumor oxygenation? Context: To evaluate the predictive value of radiotherapeutically relevant tumor hypoxia by contrast-enhanced color duplex sonography (CDS). The objectification was based on pO(2) histography. 25 patients with metastatic neck lymph node from a primary squamous carcinoma of the head and neck were examined. To visualize as many vessels as possible, a contrast enhancer (Levovist), Schering Corp., Germany) was administered. Horizontal and longitudinal sonographic scans with a thickness of 5 mm were performed on the metastatic neck lymph node. Color pixel density (CPD) was defined as the ratio of colored to gray pixels in a region of interest. It represents the extent of vascularization in the investigated slice. To assess the biological and clinical relevance of oxygenation measurement, the relative frequency of pO(2) readings<or = 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mmHg, as well as mean and median pO(2), were documented. In order to investigate the degree of linear association, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. Moderate (/r/>0.5) to high (/r/>0.7) correlation was found between the CPD and the parameters of hypoxic fraction (pO(2) readings with values<or = 5.0 and 10.0 mmHg, as well as mean and median). There was only a slight correlation between CPD and the fraction of pO(2) values<or = 2.5 mmHg (r = -0.479).
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CPD represents the mean degree of vascularization. As a noninvasive measurement, this method seems feasible for evaluating the state of global oxygenation in superficial tumors. Nevertheless, this method is limited through its deficiency in describing the vascular heterogeneity of tumors.