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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Benzamides, Bone Marrow Cells, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Tumor, Chemokine CXCL12, Coculture Techniques, Culture Media, Conditioned, Dioxoles, Fibroblasts, Humans, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Organic Chemicals, Receptors, CXCR4, Recombinant Proteins, Smad3 Protein, Transforming Growth Factor beta1, Vimentin.
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Does [ Transforming growth factor-β1 induce bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts ]? Context: To investigate the effect of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs). MSCs were cultured in α-MEM with recombinant human TGF-β1 or in tumor-conditioned medium.The expression of CAFs markers were detected by immunofluorescence and quantitative RT-PCR. The qRT-PCR assay showed that the expression of CAFs markers FAP, ACTA, CAV, CCL5, CXCR4, FSP1, SDF-1 and vimentin were 9.92±2.16, 7.76±1.28, 3.04±0.95, 3.28±2.16, 2.13±0.71, 1.41±0.66, 2.25±0.86 and 1.38±0.56, respectively, significantly upregulated in the MSCs co-cultured with TGF-β1 or TCM. The relative levels of FAP, ACTA, CAV, CCL5, CXCR4, FSP1, SDF-1 and vimentin mRNA in the TCM group were 7.52±1.76, 5.02±1.18, 1.98±1.19, 1.82±1.19, 2.95±0.86, 1.44±0.67, 2.08±0.74 and 1.47±0.55, respectively, indicating that MSCs can express CAFs phenotype.TGF beta signaling pathway inhibitor SB-431542 could inhibit the differentiation. Both immunofluorescence and Western blot confirmed the above results.
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TGF-β1 induces differentiation of local MSCs to CAFs by upregulating the expression of pSmad3, so as to further promote the growth of cancer cells. Final Decision: yes