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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVES, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Adult, Arthritis, Juvenile, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Child of Impaired Parents, Chromosomes, Human, X, Cohort Studies, Denmark, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Incidence, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Male, Parents, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution.
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Parental history of lupus and rheumatoid arthritis and risk in offspring in a nationwide cohort study: does sex matter? Context: To examine the familial risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including juvenile rheumatoid/idiopathic arthritis (JRA), in a population-based setting; and to determine whether patterns of transmission differ according to the sex of the parent or offspring, in order to provide insight into the potential impact of X-chromosomal factors on sex disparities in these autoimmune diseases. A population-based cohort of parent-offspring triads from Denmark (1977-2010) was established. SLE and RA incidence rates among offspring were calculated, and Cox regression was performed to assess the sex-specific risk of disease in offspring according to maternal or paternal disease history. Among 3 513 817 parent-offspring triads, there were 1258 SLE cases among offspring (1095 female, 163 male) and 9118 cases of RA/JRA (6086 female, 3032 male). Among female offspring, SLE risk was nearly the same according to maternal (HR 14.1) or paternal (HR 14.5) history (p=NS); likewise among male offspring, risk according to maternal (HR 5.5) and paternal (no cases) history were similar (p=NS). For RA, all risk estimates were similar, regardless of the sex of the offspring or parent (HR 2.6-2.9; p=NS).
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The authors quantified the familial risk of SLE and RA in a nationwide cohort study. For both diseases, transmission was comparable among both female and male offspring of maternal and paternal cases. These data provide evidence at the population level that X-chromosomal factors do not play a major role in sex disparities associated with the risk of SLE and RA.