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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Case-Control Studies, Child, Down-Regulation, Endogenous Retroviruses, Female, Gene Expression, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Male, Nephrotic Syndrome, Toll-Like Receptors.
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Are toll like receptors essential for the control of endogenous retrovirus expression in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome? Context: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in children is a continuum of clinical disorders characterized by severe proteinuria, dyslipidemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypercoagulability. It has been hypothesized that TLRs in Peripheral blood mononuclear cell might be involved in INS disease. Infections appear to be involved in the onset of INS. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and function of TLRs in PBMC of INS patients and the relation with two Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV), K and W expression. The study enrolled 37 children at the exordium and without treatments of Minimal- change disease (MCD), the most common single form of nephrotic syndrome (INS) and 20 healthy controls (HC). Relative quantification of target genes expression in patients compared with normal samples was performed with the ΔΔCt method. HERV K and W were expressed in all samples analyzed but the level of expression was much lower in the INS that in HC p<0.0001 and p=0.0002 for HERV-K and -W respectively. TLR2 was iper-expressed in 10 vs 17 (58.8%) of the INS, TLR3 in 3 vs 17 (17.6%), TLR4 in 12 vs 17 (70.6%) and TLR9 in 9 vs 17 (52.9%)(Fig 2). The different expression were statistically significance in the case of TLR2,3 and 4 (p=0.0183, 0.0218 and 0.0034 respectively) no for TLR9 (p=0.2010). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significance correlation between the low expression of HERV-K and HERV-W and high expression of TLRs. We obtain a statistically significance p<0.0001 considering all TLRs expression in comparison with HERVs expression.
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We described a down regulation of pol gene of HERV-W and HERV-K mediated by TLRs. Final Decision: yes