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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Adult, Aged, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Female, Flow Cytometry, Gene Expression, HIV Infections, HIV Protease Inhibitors, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Male, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors, Middle Aged, RNA, Messenger, RNA, Viral, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Viral Load.
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Does antiretroviral therapy inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-9 from blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected patients? Context: To investigate whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) influences the release of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HIV-infected individuals. Culture supernatants were collected from PBMC isolated from 46 HIV-infected subjects and 19 healthy donors (HD). Among the HIV-infected subjects, 30 were receiving ART therapy, while 16 were naive for any ART treatment. Zymography of culture supernatants was followed by determination of MMP-9 using computered scanning densitometry. MMP-9 net enzymatic activity was determined by the sensitive fluorescent-activated substrate conversion assay (FASC) to complement the zymography data. MMP-9 was significantly elevated in culture supernatants from PBMC of ART-naive subjects in comparison with HD. In the supernatants from 30 HIV-infected subjects receiving ART therapy, MMP-9 was significantly lower than that in those from ART-naive subjects. Analysis by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction indicated that MMP-9 expression was increased in ART-naive subjects in comparison with HD but ART induced a decrease of MMP-9 expression to levels comparable with those of HD. FASC used as a functional assay showed conversion of fluorescent gelatine in ART-naive subjects, indicating the presence of active MMP-9. By contrast, in both HD and ART-treated subjects, there was no MMP-9 activity, indicating that MMP-9 was completely blocked by binding to its natural tissue inhibitor TIMP-1.
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The present findings show for the first time that ART can reduce the capacity of PBMC from HIV-infected patients to secrete increased amounts of MMP-9. Final Decision: yes