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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, BACKGROUND, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Aged, Cardiovascular Agents, Chi-Square Distribution, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Artery Bypass, Coronary Artery Disease, Databases, Factual, Disease Progression, Female, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Myocardial Infarction, Myocardial Ischemia, Myocardial Perfusion Imaging, North Carolina, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Predictive Value of Tests, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Treatment Outcome.
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Is ischemia change in stable coronary artery disease an independent predictor of death and myocardial infarction? Context: The aim of this study was to evaluate the independent prognostic significance of ischemia change in stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent randomized trials in stable CAD have suggested that revascularization does not improve outcomes compared with optimal medical therapy (MT). In contrast, the nuclear substudy of the COURAGE (Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation) trial found that revascularization led to greater ischemia reduction and suggested that this may be associated with improved unadjusted outcomes. Thus, the effects of MT versus revascularization on ischemia change and its independent prognostic significance requires further investigation. From the Duke Cardiovascular Disease and Nuclear Cardiology Databanks, 1,425 consecutive patients with angiographically documented CAD who underwent 2 serial myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography scans were identified. Ischemia change was calculated for patients undergoing MT alone, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass grafting. Patients were followed for a median of 5.8 years after the second myocardial perfusion scan. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to identify factors independently associated with the primary outcome of death or myocardial infarction (MI). Formal risk reclassification analyses were conducted to assess whether the addition of ischemia change to traditional predictors resulted in improved risk classification for death or MI. More MT patients (15.6%) developed ≥5% ischemia worsening compared with those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (6.2%) or coronary artery bypass grafting (6.7%) (p < 0.001). After adjustment for established predictors, ≥5% ischemia worsening remained a significant independent predictor of death or MI (hazard ratio: 1.634; p = 0.0019) irrespective of treatment arm. Inclusion of ≥5% ischemia worsening in this model resulted in significant improvement in risk classification (net reclassification improvement: 4.6%, p = 0.0056) and model discrimination (integrated discrimination improvement: 0.0062, p = 0.0057).
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In stable CAD, ischemia worsening is an independent predictor of death or MI, resulting in significantly improved risk reclassification when added to previously known predictors. Final Decision: yes