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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Choice Behavior, Female, Humans, Inhibition (Psychology), Intelligence, Learning Disorders, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time, Wechsler Scales.
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Are inhibitory deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder independent of basic processing efficiency and IQ? Context: A substantial proportion of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show deficits on inhibitory control tests. However, questions remain about (i) the extent of these deficits across different inhibitory domains, (ii) their relationship to deficits in non-executive processes and (iii) whether they extend into adolescence. Seventy-seven children and adolescents with ADHD and 50 non-ADHD controls completed three inhibitory tasks, a simple two choice RT task (2CR) and an IQ assessment. ADHD was moderately associated with deficits on all tasks (effect sizes d=0.5-0.9). Deficits were equally marked in childhood and adolescence. Inhibitory deficits were not associated with IQ and, although reduced substantially, remained significant after performance on a simple reaction time task was controlled for statistically.
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In highlighting the significant, but limited, role of inhibitory deficits in ADHD, these results are consistent with recent accounts that emphasize the neuropsychological heterogeneity of this condition. Final Decision: yes