system
Medical AI Inquiry: You were designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.
user
A 48-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because of a 3-day history of increasing confusion and lethargy. He complains of decreased urine output and abdominal pain for the past month. Two months ago, he was hospitalized for pyelonephritis and treated with ceftriaxone. He has a history of chronic hepatitis C. He does not take any medications. He appears pale and irritable. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 90/min, and blood pressure is 98/60 mm Hg. On mental status examination, he is oriented to person but not to time or place. Physical examination shows scleral icterus and jaundice. There is 2+ pitting edema of the lower extremities. The abdomen is distended with a positive fluid wave. Laboratory studies show:
Hemoglobin 10.1 g/dL
Leukocyte count 4300/mm3
Platelet count 89,000/mm3
Prothrombin time 19 sec
Serum
Urea nitrogen 71 mg/dL
Glucose 99 mg/dL
Creatinine 3.5 mg/dL
ALT 137 mg/dL
AST 154 mg/dL
Urinalysis shows no abnormalities. The FeNa is < 1%. Ultrasound of the kidneys is unremarkable. Intravenous fluids are administered for 36 hours but do not improve urine output. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the kidney dysfunction in this patient?"
assistant
Decreased renal perfusion