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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Aged, Analysis of Variance, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary, Cardiac Catheterization, Cardiovascular Agents, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, Coronary Restenosis, Equipment Design, Female, Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Paclitaxel, Pilot Projects, Stents, Switzerland, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome.
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Is pTCA with drug-coated balloons associated with immediate decrease of coronary flow reserve? Context: Drug-coated balloons (DCB) are being increasingly used in interventional cardiology. The effect of DCB on acute changes of coronary flow reserve (CFR) has never been reported. Patients with in-stent restenosis or with contraindication for use of clopidogrel were included in this study. The FloWire was used to assess CFR before and immediately after conventional balloon angioplasty and after the use of In.Pact, a paclitaxel-coated balloon. In a sub-selection of patients, CFR was measured immediately and then 2, 5, and 10 min post-DCB. Thirty patients (18 males, 60%) with a total of 32 lesions were studied. Comparison of CFR pre- and post-conventional balloon angioplasty was not statistically significant (P = 0.95). CFR dropped significantly after the use of In.Pact (n = 32, 1.59 ± 0.49 vs. 1.22 ± 0.28, P < 0.0001) and showed a statistically significant improvement over 10 min in a subset of patients (n = 6, P = 0.01). Implantation of a coronary stent after the use of In.Pact rapidly improved CFR (n = 10, P = 0.0004).
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We describe a novel phenomenon of acute decrease in CFR after the use of DCB. This phenomenon is temporary and spontaneously improves after approximately 10 min. The exact pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear and further studies are warranted to study the long-term effects of acute CFR drop after use of DCB. Final Decision: yes