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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Animals, Antibodies, Butter, Cell Adhesion, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Chemotaxis, Leukocyte, Dietary Fats, Female, Immunohistochemistry, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Interleukin-6, Intestinal Mucosa, Intubation, Gastrointestinal, Linoleic Acid, Macrophages, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Microcirculation, Microscopy, Video, Microvilli, Oleic Acid, Olive Oil, Plant Oils, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Messenger, T-Lymphocytes, Time Factors, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Up-Regulation, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1.
user
Does butter feeding enhance TNF-alpha production from macrophages and lymphocyte adherence in murine small intestinal microvessels? Context: Dietary fat is known to modulate immune functions. Intake of an animal fat-rich diet has been linked to increased risk of inflammation; however, little is known about how animal fat ingestion directly affects intestinal immune function. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of butter feeding on lymphocyte migration in intestinal mucosa and the changes in adhesion molecules and cytokines involved in this effect. T-lymphocytes isolated from the spleen were fluorescence-labeled and injected into recipient mice. Butter was administered into the duodenum, and villus microvessels of the small intestinal mucosa were observed under an intravital microscope. mRNA expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines in the intestinal mucosa were determined by quantitative PCR. The effect of butter feeding on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA expression of intestinal macrophages was also determined. Intraluminal butter administration significantly increased lymphocyte adherence to intestinal microvessels accompanied by increases in expression levels of adhesion molecules ICAM-1, MAdCAM-1 and VCAM-1. This accumulation was significantly attenuated by anti-MAdCAM-1 and anti-ICAM-1 antibodies. Butter administration significantly increased TNF-alpha in the lamina proprial macrophages but not interleukin-6. Anti-TNF-alpha treatment attenuated the enhanced expression of adhesion molecules induced by butter administration.
assistant
T-lymphocyte adherence to microvessels of the small intestinal mucosa was significantly enhanced after butter ingestion. This enhancement is due to increase in expression levels of adhesion molecules of the intestinal mucosa, which is mediated by TNF-alpha from macrophages in the intestinal lamina propria. Final Decision: yes