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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Antibodies, Biopsy, Case-Control Studies, Graft Rejection, Humans, Kidney Tubules.
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Is acute tubular injury an important component in type I acute antibody-mediated rejection? Context: "Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)-like" changes in type I acute antibody- mediated rejection (AAMR) have been proposed since 2005, but the presence of "ATN-like" injury in AAMR has not well been established. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of acute tubular injury in type I AAMR, using the specific proximal tubular injury marker, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). The study included 3 groups of cases, namely, a negative control group (normal nontransplantation renal parenchyma as group 1, n = 11), a positive control group (transplant ATN with negative C4d staining as group 2, n = 12), and study cases (type 1 AAMR as group 3, n = 19). Biopsy specimens from all groups were stained immunohistochemically for KIM-1 (monoclonal antibody) and KIM-1 staining intensity in proximal tubules was graded from 0.5 to 3+. Clinical indices were also correlated and analyzed. Group 1 demonstrated significantly lower serum creatinine levels (1.02 ± 0.10 mg/dL) when compared with both group 2 and group 3. Both groups 2 and 3 showed similar serum creatinine levels (4.02 ± 0.59 mg/dL in group 2 and 3.24 ± 0.34 mg/dL in group 3). The negative control group demonstrated negative proximal tubule staining for KIM-1, whereas both groups 2 and 3 showed positive KIM-1 staining in proximal tubules (intensity ranging from 1+ to 3+ in group 2 and from 0.5 to 3+ in group 3).
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Our results, using KIM-1 immunohistochemistry, demonstrated that acute tubular injury is an important component of type I AAMR. Final Decision: yes