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Medical AI Inquiry: You were designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.
user
A 42-year-old woman presents to the emergency department complaining of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for the last 4 hours. She says that symptoms onset right after she had 2 generous portions of pizza. She notes that she had prior similar episodes which resolved spontaneously within an hour. However, the pain today has persisted for 5 hours and is much more severe. She says the pain is located in the right upper quadrant of her abdomen and radiates to her upper back. She describes the pain as dull and cramping. She has had hypertension for the past 10 years, managed medically. Her vital signs are a blood pressure of 148/96 mm Hg, a pulse of 108/min, a respiratory rate of 18/min, and a temperature of 37.7°C (99.9°F). Her BMI is 28 kg/m2. On physical examination, the patient appears uncomfortable and is clutching her abdomen in pain. Abdominal exam reveals severe tenderness to palpation in the right upper quadrant with guarding. A positive Murphy’s sign is present. Her serum chemistry levels, including amylase, lipase, bilirubin, and liver function tests and urinalysis are normal. Urine hCG level is < 0.5 IU/L. Abdominal ultrasound reveals a large stone lodged in the neck of the gallbladder. Which of the following is the most likely pathway for referred pain in this patient?
assistant
The phrenic nerve