system
Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Animals, Brain, Brain Edema, Ischemic Preconditioning, Male, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Thrombin, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha.
user
Does [ Thrombin preconditioning reduce brain injury caused by intracerebral infusion of high dose thrombin ]? Context: To explore the effect of the cerebral thrombin preconditioning on the thrombin-induced brain edema, to detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and to analyse the relationship between TNF-alpha and the thrombin-induced brain edema. Forty SD rats were randomly divided into a ST group and a TT group. The rats received 50 L saline (ST group) or 1 U thrombin infusion (TT group), and received the second infusion (10 U thrombin) 24 h later. The rats were sacrificed at 24 and 72 h after the second infusion in order to examine the changes of brain water and sodium contents as well as the expression of TNF-alpha in the brain. The brain water and sodium contents in the ST group were significantly higher than those on the TT group, and those on the 1st day were higher than those on the 3 th day. The positive expression of TNF-alpha and in the change of water content were identical in the TT group and the ST group.
assistant
Thrombin preconditioning can alleviate the thrombin-induced brain edema. The increase of TNF-alpha expression after thrombin treatment may be related to the thrombin-induced brain edema. Final Decision: yes