system
Medical AI Inquiry: You were designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.
user
A 77-year-old man with a history of advanced dementia, hypertension, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes mellitus type 2 is brought to the hospital from a nursing home after several days of non-bloody diarrhea and vomiting. The patient is evaluated and admitted to the hospital. Physical examination shows a grade 2/6 holosystolic murmur over the left upper sternal border, clear lung sounds, a distended abdomen with normal bowel sounds, a resting tremor, and 2+ edema of the lower extremities up to the ankle. Over the next few hours, the nurse records a total of 21 cc of urine output over the past 5 hours. Which of the following criteria suggest pre-renal failure?
assistant
Fractional excretion of sodium of 0.5%