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Medical AI Inquiry: You were designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.
user
A 60-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of nausea, headache, and generalized fatigue for 2 days. He has not vomited. He was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer and liver metastases around 3 months ago and is currently receiving chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide. His last chemotherapy cycle ended one week ago. He has chronic obstructive lung disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current medications include insulin and a salmeterol-fluticasone inhaler. He appears malnourished. He is oriented to time, place, and person. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 87/min, respirations are 13/min, and blood pressure is 132/82 mm Hg. There is no edema. Examination shows decreased breath sounds over the left lung. Cardiac examination shows an S4. The abdomen is soft and nontender. Neurological examination shows no focal findings. Laboratory studies show:
Hemoglobin 11.6 g/dL
Leukocyte count 4,300/mm3
Platelet count 146,000/mm3
Serum
Na+ 125 mEq/L
Cl− 105 mEq/L
K+ 4.5 mEq/L
HCO3− 24 mEq/L
Glucose 225 mg/dL
Total bilirubin 1.1 mg/dL
Alkaline phosphatase 80 U/L
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT) 78 U/L
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT) 90 U/L
Further evaluation of this patient is likely to show which of the following laboratory findings?
Serum osmolality Urine osmolality Urinary sodium excretion
(A) 220 mOsm/kg H2O 130 mOsm/kg H2O 10 mEq/L
(B) 269 mOsm/kg H2O 269 mOsm/kg H2O 82 mEq/L
(C) 255 mOsm/kg H2O 45 mOsm/kg H2O 12 mEq/L
(D) 222 mOsm/kg H2O 490 mOsm/kg H2O 10 mEq/L
(E) 310 mOsm/kg H2O 420 mOsm/kg H2O 16 mEq/L"
assistant
(B)