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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, RESULTS. Meshes: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antidepressive Agents, Antiparkinson Agents, Cholinergic Antagonists, Confusion, Dementia, Diuretics, Electroencephalography, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies.
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Drug-induced confusional states: the usual suspects? Context: Acute confusional state (ACS) is a frequent reason for hospital admission. This study examines retrospectively the frequency by which individual drugs were found responsible for ACS. Drug-induced ACS was found in 65 (18.8%) of 346 hospital admissions for acute confusion. The most frequent causative substances were dopaminergic drugs in Parkinsonian patients (24.2%), diuretics (15.1%), tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants (13.6%) and benzodiazepines (13.6%). Almost half of the patients were demented, and in one-third of these, dementia had not been diagnosed hitherto.
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The data suggest that diuretics by way of causing hyponatraemia are as relevant a cause of ACS as dopaminergic or anticholinergic substances.