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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: OBJECTIVE, RESULTS. Meshes: Adventitia, Animals, Antigens, Ly, Apolipoproteins E, Atherosclerosis, Cell Differentiation, Cell Lineage, Cells, Cultured, Collagen Type IV, Disease Models, Animal, Graft Occlusion, Vascular, Integrins, Membrane Proteins, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Neointima, Stem Cells, Transplantation, Autologous, Veins.
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Do adventitial stem cells in vein grafts display multilineage potential that contributes to neointimal formation? Context: This study was designed to carry out the characterization of stem cells within the adventitia and to elucidate their functional role in the pathogenesis of vein graft atherosclerosis. A mouse vein graft model was used to investigate the functional role of adventitial stem/progenitor cells on atherosclerosis. The adventitia of vein grafts underwent significant remodeling during early stages of vessel grafting and displayed markedly heterogeneous cell compositions. Immunofluorescence staining indicated a significant number of stem cell antigen-1-positive cells that were closely located to vasa vasorum. In vitro clonogenic assays demonstrated 1% to 11% of growing rates from adventitial cell cultures, most of which could be differentiated into smooth muscle cells (SMCs). These stem cell antigen-1-positive cells also displayed a potential to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, or chondrogenic lineages in vitro. In light of the proatherogenic roles of SMCs in atherosclerosis, we focused on the functional roles of progenitor-SMC differentiation, in which we subsequently demonstrated that it was driven by direct interaction of the integrin/collagen IV axis. The ex vivo bioreactor system revealed the migratory capacity of stem cell antigen-1-positive progenitor cells into the vessel wall in response to stromal cell-derived factor-1. Stem cell antigen-1-positive cells that were applied to the outer layer of vein grafts showed enhanced atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, which contributed to ≈ 30% of neointimal SMCs.
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We demonstrate that during pathological conditions in vein grafting, the adventitia harbors stem/progenitor cells that can actively participate in the pathogenesis of vascular disease via differentiation into SMCs. Final Decision: yes