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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: Adult, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Cross-Over Studies, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Nitrogen Dioxide, Particle Size, Particulate Matter, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Rome, Socioeconomic Factors, Time Factors.
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Does chronic exposure to high levels of nitrogen dioxide exacerbate the short-term effects of airborne particles? Context: Long-term exposure to air pollutants has been hypothesised as a factor in susceptibility to short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM), but results are not coherent. We studied the short-term effects of PM10on mortality and assessed whether long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) modifies this association. We used a case-crossover design to evaluate daily PM10-related mortality among 124 432 35+ year-old participants who died in Rome between 2001 and 2010 and maintained the same address for at least 5 years before death. Modification of PM10-related mortality by long-term NO2exposure was determined by two-way interaction, while a three-way interaction was used to assess effect modification of high NO2levels in population groups defined by sociodemographic position and pre-existing diseases. Mortality increased by 0.82% (0.23-1.41%) for each 10 µg/m3increase in PM10. Mortality rose by 1.22% (0.17-2.38%) in participants exposed to NO2levels ≥50 µg/m3and by 0.69% (0.03-1.34%) in those exposed to levels<50 µg/m3with no effect modification (p-interaction 0.378). A suggestion of effect modification was seen in 85+-year-olds (3.10%; p-interaction 0.043), as well as in those with a pre-existing arrhythmia (3.26%; p-interaction 0.014) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (3.52%; p-interaction 0.042).
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Long-term exposure to NO2is not likely to induce susceptibility to short-term PM10exposure in the overall population. However, an effect modification of NO2is probable in the elderly and in those suffering from arrhythmias and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.