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Medical AI Inquiry: You was designed to assist in medical decision-making based on the provided user questions. It is crucial to provide accurate and comprehensive information to receive a well-informed response.  Labels: BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVE, METHODS, RESULTS. Meshes: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid, Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Apocynum, Behavior, Animal, Biogenic Monoamines, Chromatography, Liquid, Dopamine, Dopamine Antagonists, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Flavonoids, Hippocampus, Homovanillic Acid, Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred ICR, Motor Activity, Norepinephrine, Phytotherapy, Plant Extracts, Plant Leaves, Plants, Medicinal, Serotonin, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
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Does antidepressant-like effect of flavonoids extracted from Apocynum venetum leave on brain monoamine levels and dopaminergic system? Context: Apocynum venetum L. (Apocynaceae), a traditional medicinal plant, has been used for the improvement of emotions in Asian countries. We explored the antidepressant-like effect and monoaminergic mechanism of a flavonoids extract from Apocynum venetum leaves (AV-extract). Effect of AV-extract (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.g.) on mice's immobility time was assessed in forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The locomotor activity was evaluated in the open-field test (OFT). Additionally, the main monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) and their metabolites 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the mouse hippocampus involved in the antidepressant-like effect of AV-extract was also determined by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS). AV-extract (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.g.) administration significantly reduced the immobility time in both the FST and TST without accompanying changes in locomotor activity in the OFT. It was also found that the AV-extract significantly increased the concentrations of the main neurotransmitters NE and DA along with their respective metabolites DOPAC, HVA in the hippocampus. The antidepressant-like effect of the AV-extract (50 mg/kg, i.g.) was prevented by the pretreatment of mice with SCH23390 (0.05 mg/kg, i.g., a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist) or sulpiride (50 mg/kg, i.g., a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist).
assistant
The AV-extract produced significant antidepressant-like effects, which likely attribute to increased NE and DA along with their respective metabolites DOPAC, HVA in the mouse hippocampus, and dependent on interaction with dopaminergic (D1 and D2 receptor) systems. Final Decision: yes