test.csv

text
Assume that I am a programmer and I have an NP-complete problem that I need to solve it. What methods are available to deal with NPC problems? Is there a survey or something similar on this topic?
Why are the lights inside commercial airplanes turned off during take off and landing?
"The default behaviour of ```LIKE``` and the other comparison operators, ```=``` etc is case-sensitive.
Is it possible make them case-insensitive?"
"I have a new SPA with a stateless authentication model using JWT. I am often asked to refer OAuth for authentication flows like asking me to send 'Bearer tokens' for every request instead of a simple token header but I do think that OAuth is a lot more complex than a simple JWT based authentication. What are the main differences, should I make the JWT authentication behave like OAuth?
I am also using the JWT as my XSRF-TOKEN to prevent XSRF but I am being asked to keep them separate? Should I keep them separate? Any help here will be appreciated and might lead to a set of guidelines for the community."
"Gostaria de saber se existe alguma forma simples de realizar um upload de arquivos via AJAX + JSON.
Se houver, qual seria?"
Did the ancients or other pre-industrial civilisations engage in unsustainable practices?
"When reading my Bible, I've noticed Joesph's name listed in both the Old and New Testaments; is it the same person or is there more than one Joseph in the Bible?"
"Para que serve o ""with"" no Python?"
"The question bothers me since February 2022.  Why (legally) are Russian combatants in Ukraine considered soldiers (thus POWs when captured) rather than terrorists?

* There is no formal declaration of war.
* They are members  an organization (Russian military) that commits acts of terrors to civilian population in clear violation of international law of war.  Moreover, they either directly or indirectly contribute to the mentioned acts of terror.
* Their state (Russia) explicitly claims that there is no war (thus unilaterally waiving the protection of law of war for Russian forces).

Why is that particular group of armed people acting in clear violation of Ukrainian law treated as "soldiers in war" rather than state-sponsored criminals?
Note, that waiving the protection of law of war does not waive the protection of Ukrainian law (right to due process etc.)."
What are the major branches of philosophy?
Are there any advantages while backpacking to hike during the night and sleep during the day?
"I have been cautioned against blending:

* Traditional fantasy elements

Such as magic systems and exotic, less plausible creatures (on a scientific level - magic tends to explain away these beasts)

* Traditional sci-fi elements

Such as advanced technology and civilizations amidst the stars.
I have taken it upon myself to harmonize the two in my current worldbuilding project. I know I cannot be the first. I love the creativity found in both, and it is going well so far. I have been exploring the potential for humanity with both tools at their disposal. (Magic and science, essentially)
Why do people advise to stick to one or the other?"
Why are prions in animal diets not destroyed by the digestive system?
How slicing in Python works? Please include references where appropriate.
"I am writing a story where a species undergoes devolution. Is there any scientific or plausible way to do this? The process can be instantaneous or may take ages, I do not mind which as I need to weigh my options at this stage. 
To be clear, the devolution I am thinking of is like taking a human being then devolving him/her to the primate stage, so lets say about as far back as Orrorin tugenensis or Paranthropus where they are in the midst of evolving from primates to Homo erectus. Please note I used human beings as an example to give context but the species undergoing devolution may not necessarily be human.
Based on the answers, ""devolution"" does not exist so had the word in quotes to reflect this. "
"I've used GEDCOM to transfer data between desktop software and websites, but it all seems a bit old hat. Is there anything better that will mangle* my data less.
* For example, GEDCOM can lose some data where the two ends of the system understand a concept which  GEDCOM does not have a field for."
Is it ever possible that ```(a== 1 && a ==2 && a==3)``` could evaluate to true in JavaScript?
"Gostaria de saber qual é a real diferença entre o ```String``` (s maiúsculo) e o ```string``` (s minúsculo).
Aparentemente os dois têm os mesmos objetivos, porém qual é ""melhor"" para ser utilizado?"
"I'm working on a project solo and have to maintain my own code. Usually code review is done not by the code author, so the reviewer can look at the code with the fresh eyes — however, I don't have such luxury. What practices can I employ to more effectively review my own code?"
"Assume an environment with a puppet-managed cluster of different servers - various hardware, software, operating systems, virtual/dedicated, etc.
Would you choose meaningful hostnames (mysqlmaster01..99, mysqlslave001..999, vpnprimary, vpnbackup, etc.) or would you prefer meaningless hostnames such as characters from a book or movie?
The problem I see with meaningful hostnames is that names usually represent a single service and if a server has more than one purpose it gets really messy (especially if server roles change often).
Isn't mapping a service name to an IP address and maintaining that mapping what DNS is supposed to do?
What are the advantages and drawbacks of both approaches and what actual problems have you had to tackle with the approach you chose?"
"Best way to start investing, for a young person just starting their career?"
"Quantum state teleportation is the quantum information protocol where a qubit is transferred between two parties using an initial shared entangled state, Bell measurement, classical communication and local rotation. Apparently, there is also something called quantum gate teleportation.
What is quantum gate teleportation and what is it used for?
I am particularly interested in possible applications in simulating quantum circuits."
What does it mean for an album to be remastered?
What's the best way to iterate over the items in a ```HashMap```?
Why did people start using CO2 (instead of e.g. oxygen) for carbonated drinks?
"Say I have a file ```/templates/apple``` and I want to

* put it in two different places and then
* remove the original.

So, ```/templates/apple``` will be copied to ```/templates/used``` AND ```/templates/inuse```
and then after that I’d like to remove the original.
Is ```cp``` the best way to do this, followed by ```rm```? Or is there a better way?
I want to do it all in one line so I’m thinking it would look something like:
```cp /templates/apple /templates/used | cp /templates/apple /templates/inuse | rm /templates/apple
```
Is this the correct syntax?"
When are Decision Diagrams the right way to model and solve a problem?
"Essentially, I have a protagonist who I set up as a 'main' good guy in one of my series. However, in my final series, I intend to make him turn to the dark side and oppose my other protagonists (from my other series). It's clear in his series that the protagonist-turned-antagonist is very devious, and he has had hostile intentions previously towards the protagonists of the other series.
My question:
Should I avoid turning my protagonist into an antagonist? Are there any foreseeable problems with this? Will this be a problem for readers? Any tips or tricks to handle this?"
"I'd never heard of anycast until a few seconds ago when I read ""What are some cool or useful server/networking tricks?"".
The wikipedia ""Anycast"" article on it is quite formal and doesn't really evoke a mental picture of how it would be used.
Can someone explain in a few informal sentences what ""anycast"" is, how you configure it (just in a general sense), and what its benefits are (what does it make easier)?"
"$A$ and $B$ are $n \times n$ matrices and $v$ is a vector with $n$ elements. $Av$ has $\approx 2n^2$ flops and $A+B$ has $n^2$ flops. Following this logic, $(A+B)v$ should be faster than $Av+Bv$.
Yet, when I run the following code in matlab
```A = rand(2000,2000);
B = rand(2000,2000);
v = rand(2000,1);
tic
D=zeros(size(A));
D = A;
for i =1:100
    D = A + B;
    (D)*v;
end
toc
tic
for i =1:100
    (A*v+B*v);
end
toc
```
The opposite is true. Av+Bv is over twice as fast. Any explanations?"
"I came across a piece of code ```void *p = &&abc;```. What is the significance of ```&&``` here?
I know about rvalue references but I think ```&&``` used in this context is different. What does ```&&``` indicate in ```void *p = &&abc;``` ?"
"When I execute ""```python```"" from the terminal with no arguments it brings up the Python interactive shell.
When I execute ""```cat | python```"" from the terminal it doesn't launch the interactive mode. Somehow, without getting any input, it has detected that it is connected to a pipe.
How would I do a similar detection in C or C++ or Qt?"
"""The video of Pythom Space's first rocket test has raised a few eyebrows

The video prompted hundreds of replies on Twitter, including some from rather horrified rocket scientists. "We knew better as untrained college students," said Jordan Noone, the co-founder of Relativity Space.

Pythom “Micro jump”
What exactly did they get wrong with this test?
Note: The Pythom Space CEO did eventually respond to the original Ars Technica story linked above. It does offer their own take on some of the issues raised there and elsewhere (including some of the points in the answer below)"""
When should I use wp_register_script() with wp_enqueue_script() vs just wp_enqueue_script()?
"When encoding a logic into a proof assistant such as Coq or Isabelle, a choice needs to be made between using a shallow and a deep embedding. In a shallow embedding logical formulas are written directly in the logic of the theorem prover, whereas in a deep embedding logical formulas are represented as a datatype. 

* What are the advantages and
limitations of the various
approaches?
* Are there any guidelines available for determining which to use? 
* Is it possible to switch between the two representations in any systematic fashion?

As motivation, I would like to encode various security related logics into Coq and am wondering what the pros and cons of the different approaches are."
Prove that the union of countably many countable sets is countable.
"Você encontra na internet a afirmação que Singletons são ruins. Isto é verdade? Por quê?
O problema seria generalizado para quaisquer objetos com instância única? Ou para qualquer coisa que tenha estado global?
Se é tão ruim, pra que foi inventado? Ou seja, que problema ele queria resolver?
Quais os problemas que terei se usá-lo?
Existe alternativa viável?"
"The construction of Solomon's temple includes a piece of furnishing described in 1 Kings 7:23 (ESV):

  Then he made the sea of cast metal. It was round, ten cubits from brim to brim, and five cubits high, and a line of thirty cubits measured its circumference.

So if the ```diameter = 10``` cubits and the ```circumference = 30``` cubits, then ```π = 3``` by the equation ```C =  π * D```.
Of course, such an object does not exist since ```π = 3.14159...``` yet clearly the sea was constructed at some point.  So how do we resolve this contradiction?"
"With PHP 7.2, ```each``` is deprecated. The documentation says:

Warning This function has been DEPRECATED as of PHP 7.2.0. Relying on this function is highly discouraged.

How can I update my code to avoid using it? Here are some examples:

* 
```$ar = $o->me;
reset($ar);
list($typ, $val) = each($ar);
```

* 
```$out = array('me' => array(), 'mytype' => 2, '_php_class' => null);
$expected = each($out);
```

* 
```for(reset($broken);$kv = each($broken);) {...}
```

* 
```list(, $this->result) = each($this->cache_data);
```

* 
```// iterating to the end of an array or a limit > the length of the array
$i = 0;
reset($array);
while( (list($id, $item) = each($array)) || $i < 30 ) {
    // code
    $i++;
}
```


When I execute the code on PHP 7.2 I receive the following error:

Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls"
Can someone please give an explanation of different egg preparations?
"I'm running a relatively small one-man business in the software sector. I just started and am trying to create a larger portfolio. For that, I offer some friends free services. 
I found a few reasons to send these clients €0,- invoices, mostly similar to the reasons to send 100% discount invoices to charity funds that I gave here:

* Clarity about what has to be done and when 
* No transfers (as I would have with a 0% discount bill and returning the money as a gift)

And also:

* With an invoice I have more distinguishable clients which makes that I have more chance on getting a better certificate from the state (doesn't matter how it exactly works, this is an advantage)

Suppose that these clients won't have a problem with the €0,- invoices, could there be any reason for me to not send them?
I ask this, because I've never seen people sending invoices like this, and I can only see advantages."
"In regards to Error handling in PHP -- As far I know there are 3 styles:

* ```die()```or ```exit()``` style:
```$con = mysql_connect(""localhost"",""root"",""password"");
if (!$con) {
 die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
```
* ```throw Exception``` style:
``` if (!function_exists('curl_init')) {
      throw new Exception('need the CURL PHP extension.
                           Recomplie PHP with curl');
    }
```
* ```trigger_error()``` style:
```if(!is_array($config) && isset($config)) {
        trigger_error('Error: config is not an array or is not set', E_USER_ERROR);
    }
```

Now, in the PHP manual all three methods are used. 

* What I want to know is which style should I prefer & why?
* Are these 3 drop in replacements of each other & therefore can be used interchangeably?

Is it just me or everyone thinks PHP error handling options are just too many to the extent it confuses php developers?"
How do I change the author and committer name/email for multiple commits?
This summer I will be taking a rather inherently dangerous multi-day hike by myself.  I was considering buying a flare gun since I will be out of cellular range unless there is something more modern and equally reliable.  Any suggestions?
"
  Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

I don't understand the part marked in bold.
Congress shall make no law prohibiting the free exercise of religion. So congress should not make a law which prohibits the freedom of religion. I get it.
But Congress shall make a law which respects an establishment of religion. Doesn't ""Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion"" mean congress should not make a law that respects religion because there's ""no"" in it??  "
Why are people unwilling to share information about their salary?
"In D&D, how many attacks can a fighter with two-weapon fighting make at 5th level?"
"Consider the following code:
```avgDists = np.array([1, 8, 6, 9, 4])
ids = avgDists.argsort()[:n]
```
This gives me indices of the ```n``` smallest elements. Is it possible to use this same ```argsort``` in descending order to get the indices of ```n``` highest elements?"
Can a woman give birth to twins with different fathers?
Relationship between SVD and PCA. How to use SVD to perform PCA?
"What is the English term for when someone thinks they are doing something nice for you but it ends up making things worse. EX: Someone buys you an elephant -- nice gesture and cool! But now you have to take care of it, and it becomes a burden on you."
Did Hillary Clinton propose to punish flag burners in 2005?
"There are several questions here about the definition of depth of field, about focal length, and about subject distance. And of course there's the basic how does aperture affect my photographs. And plenty of how do I get super-shallow d.o.f questions. There's related questions like this one. But there's no be-all-end-all question asking:
What exactly determines depth of field in a photograph? 
Is it just a property of the lens? Can lenses be designed to give more depth of field for the same aperture and focal length? Does it change with camera sensor size? Does it change with print size? How do those last two relate?"
Why did the NES not allow rotated sprites?
"I want to merge two dictionaries into a new dictionary.
```
x = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
y = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}
z = merge(x, y)

&gt;&gt;&gt; z
{'a': 1, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}
```"
"There are many ""standards"" for the JSON content type:
application/json
application/x-javascript
text/javascript
text/x-javascript
text/x-json
Which one do I use, and where? I assume security and browser support issues are a factor."
What's the goal of Minecraft and what can users achieve in this world?
"If I have sampled a signal using proper sampling methods (Nyquist, filtering, etc) how do I relate the length of my FFT to the resulting frequency resolution I can obtain?
Like if I have a 2,000 Hz and 1,999 Hz sine wave, how would I determine the length of FFT needed to accurately tell the difference between those two waves?"
"I wanted to produce a 1 GB random file, so I used following command.
```dd if=/dev/urandom of=output bs=1G count=1
```
But instead every time I launch this command I get a 32 MB file:
```$ dd if=/dev/urandom of=output bs=1G count=1
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
33554431 bytes (34 MB, 32 MiB) copied, 0,288321 s, 116 MB/s
```
What is wrong?"
The treads on my road bike's 28C tires are almost completely gone—they only persist along the shoulders of the tire.  Do the treads matter?  What is a good indicator of when the tire as a whole needs to be replaced?
"Is there a way to create an index on a property/column using fluent configuration, instead of using the new ```IndexAttribute``` ?"
"Both races have the same limits on their strength, and athletics, but it's hard to imagine why. A Goliath could feasibly lift and throw a gnome, yet the Gnome, following rules as written, can pin down a Goliath, fairly easily, if statted correctly. 
Is there an in-universe explanation as to why such dramatically different sized creatures can wrestle on an even playing field?
How might a DM explain a scenario in which a gnome beats a goliath in any kind of test of strength?"
"So I'm pretty far into writing my dystopian novel and I was reading over what I had.  Something that helps me when I first start a novel is to get a clear picture of my characters in my head and put a face to a name, so I usually sculpt a personality and find a Google image of someone who I think matches that, and I put all of those into documents for my personal reference.  I looked over my main five characters--Analise, Poet, Shove, Star, and Nova--and then suddenly something jumped out at me.  Analise is Hispanic, Shove is Japanese, and Poet, Star, and Nova are all black.
I had forgotten about their races because it wasn't important to me and I had not noticed while I was writing, because the story isn't about their racial backgrounds.  But is it, I don't know, somehow alienating or offensive to white readers that the characters aren't white, and that no main characters are white?   "
"When I do ```\footnote{}``` for a value in a table, the footnote doesn't show up. How do I get it to show up? Also, is it possible to get it to show up at the bottom of the table rather than the bottom of the page?"
Why is kVA not the same as kW?
"Elon Musk and his partner want to name their child X Æ A-12.
Is that name allowed in California, US?"
"In this Creation magazine reprint of a 1994 article titled Exploding stars point to a young universe,  Young-Earth Creationist, Jonathan Sarfati argues that the scarcity of Supernova remnants (SNRs) in the sky suggests the Milky Way galaxy is less than billions of years old.

On average, a galaxy like our own, the Milky Way, should produce one supernova every 25 years.
[...]
As can be readily seen above, a young universe model fits the data of the low number of observed SNRs. If the universe was really billions of years old, there are 7000 missing SNRs in our galaxy.

Does astronomy predict a Milky Way supernova every 25 years? Are there missing SNRs that undermine these predictions?"
Why is there so much technical detail of whaling included in Moby-Dick?
Why are we building larger land-based telescopes instead of launching larger ones into space?
Why can we see the dust particles in a narrow beam of light (and not in an all lighted area)?
"I can not initialize a List as in the following code:
```List supplierNames = new List();
supplierNames.add(""sup1"");
supplierNames.add(""sup2"");
supplierNames.add(""sup3"");
System.out.println(supplierNames.get(1));
```
I face the following error:  

  Cannot instantiate the type ```List```

How can I instantiate ```List```?"
What is the difference between ```warnings.warn()``` and ```logging.warn()``` in terms of what they do and how they should be used?
"In Greek mythology, the words ""Titan"" and ""God"" seem to be used interchangeably. For example, Zeus is a God, but Cronus (his father) was a Titan. So what is the difference between a Titan and a God in Greek mythology? "
How do weather models work?
"I am currently trying to decipher Mazur's Eisenstein ideal paper (not a comment about his clarity, rather about my current abilities). One of the reasons I am doing that is that many people told me that the paper was somehow revolutionary and introduced a new method into number theory. 
Could you explain exactly what subsequent developments did the paper bring, what ideas in the paper were considered more-or-less original (at the time it was published), and exactly what difficulties did these ideas resolve that people failed to resolve before the paper was published (if any)?"
Tracing XML request/responses with JAX-WS
"In Vim, how do I  insert characters at the beginning of each line in a selection?
For instance,  I want to comment out a block of code by prepending ```//``` at the beginning of each line assuming my language's comment system doesn't allow block commenting like ```/* */```.  How would I do this?"
Why doesn't the nuclear fusion in a star make it explode?
Does hot water freeze faster than cold water?
"O que é Reflection. Por que é útil?
* É recomendável usar em projetos?
* Como usar?
* Em quais situações Reflection pode ser usado?"
What is the difference between minimum and infimum?
"I had a Nespresso Vertuo Next machine.  It stopped working properly and during the troubleshooting video call, the Nespresso support agent said that the machines should not be connected to a GFCI outlet because they can potentially damage the machine.  As part of our home inspection when we purchased the house, it was recommended to install such outlets anywhere that water is common, including the kitchen. As such, all the outlets in our kitchen are GFCI outlets.
This call with Nespresso was the first time I'd ever seen someone claim that GFCI outlets can potentially damage coffee machines.
Can they damage Nespresso machines?  If so, can they damage other coffee machines (I also have a Baratza grinder and a Bonavita drip machine I usually hook into the same outlet)?  They sent us a replacement and now I am questioning where to put it."
"I have extremely bad posture, what can I do?"
"How to add margin top to ```class=""row""``` elements using twitter bootstrap framework?"
"In FTL: Faster Than Light, what triggers crew experience increases?"
"In Adobe Photoshop I am able to select multiple layers at once with Shift+Click.
How can I do that in GIMP?"
"In the python built-in open function, what is the exact difference between the modes ```w```, ```a```, ```w+```, ```a+```, and ```r+```?
In particular, the documentation implies that all of these will allow writing to the file, and says that it opens the files for ""appending"", ""writing"", and ""updating"" specifically, but does not define what these terms mean."
How can democracy not be the rule of the poor?
"How can I write colored text to the Windows console with C++? That is, how can I write different text with different colors?"
"What's the best way to create a temporary file in Android? 
Can File.createTempFile be used? The documentation is very vague about it.
In particular, it's not clear when temporary files created with ```File.createTempFile``` are deleted, if ever."
"I have javascript function like this:
```function myFunction(number) {
    var x=number;
    ...
    ... more initializations
    //here need to wait until flag==true
    while(flag==false)
    {}
    ...
    ... do something
}
```
The problem is that the javascript is stuck in the while and stuck my program. so my question is how can I wait in the middle of the function until flag is true without ""busy-wait""?"
"According to this famous blog post, the effective transcript length is:
$\tilde{l}_i = l_i - \mu$
where $l_i$ is the length of transcript and $\mu$ is the average fragment length. However, typically fragment length is about 300bp. What if when the transcript $l_i$ is smaller than 300? How do you compute the effective length in this case?
A related question: when computing the FPKM of a gene, how to choose a transcript? Do we choose a ""canonical"" transcript (how?) or combine the signals from all transcripts to a gene-level FPKM?"
What is the significance of 1/1/1753 in SQL Server?
"I saw this video where someone says that electromagnetic wave is a chain reaction of electric and magnetic fields creating each other so the chain of wave moves forward.
I wonder where the photon is in this explanation. What is the relation between electromagnetic wave and photon?"
"In The Light Fantastic, after talking about the dimensions of the Pyramid of Tsort, it says 

  All in all, it was a lot of effort to go through just to sharpen a razor.

What's the joke here?"
"After a ```git pull origin master```, I get the following message:

warning: Pulling without specifying how to reconcile divergent branches is
discouraged. You can squelch this message by running one of the following
commands sometime before your next pull:
  git config pull.rebase false  # merge (the default strategy)
  git config pull.rebase true   # rebase
  git config pull.ff only       # fast-forward only
You can replace &quot;git config&quot; with &quot;git config --global&quot; to set a default
preference for all repositories. You can also pass --rebase, --no-rebase,
or --ff-only on the command line to override the configured default per
invocation.
remote: Enumerating objects: 4, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (4/4), 51.49 KiB | 850.00 KiB/s, done.

The pull seems successful, but I am unsure.
What can I do to fix this?"
"In India, we eat rice using our fingers. Generally in the West, a fork or spoon is used. I have tried eating rice with spoon but I don't feel satisfied with it.
We eat dry rice but we mix curry and vegetables with it and then eat it with our hands.
Is there a way to eat rice with your hands in front of Westerners such that it doesn't appear to be disgusting to them? By disgusting I mean that they shouldn't feel like vomiting or looking away to avoid me. Even though in India we eat with our fingers, many people eat such that their whole palm is covered with food. That indeed looks disgusting. 
I cannot avoid hurting them by following different etiquette, but I certainly want to maintain a degree of cleanliness."
"The typical argument goes like this:

  Without net neutrality, cable companies could censor websites, favoring their own business partners. 

Typically, proponents of legislation point to some perceived injustice, and argue that new laws are needed to address it. But the very use of the subjunctive in the quotation (could censor), suggests that this might be considered by its opponents as a solution in search of a problem. If so, why haven't they used that rhetorical tactic? Conversely, if such incidents have occurred, why don't the neutrality supporters cite them?"
Does having a longer Ethernet cable slow your connection?
Border around formatted text in Inkscape
"I learned about the equilibrium constant. Now, I've seen that the equilibrium constant of burning is extremely small $(K \ll 1)$. here, I have a question. you see, $K$ is still NOT 0, which means that the forward reactions happen at least a tiny bit. Then, shouldn't we see some parts of anything burning at least a little bit?"
"The name ""Bleach"" seems to be having no relevance to the plot unlike most other series. Was it just chosen at Kubo-sensei's whim or does it have some significance? Maybe some cultural significance associated with shinigami, etc. that I am now aware of?"
Why don't rally cars have airbags?
Was the Millennium Falcon a one-off or was it mass produced?
"Usually when I see lists of things to do to be more energy efficient, they require one to own their own home. What can I do to be more energy efficient in an apartment? 
For example, I can't install solar panels, I can't upgrade/change my appliances, I can't install better insulation or windows, and I can't install a programmable thermostat. 
Pretty much the only thing I can do (and have done) is switch all of my bulbs to CFLs. I also keep all of my electronics on power strips which I turn off when I leave my apartment and when I'm sleeping."
Is there any way to exit ```less``` without clearing the screen?
How can I do 'insert if not exists' in MySQL?
What does ```class``` do in Ruby?
"""I have a problem where i'm initialising a variable on the scope in a controller. Then it gets changed in another controller when a user logs in. This variable is used to control things such as the navigation bar and restricts access to parts of the site depending on the type of user, so its important that it holds its value. The problem with it is that the controller that initialises it, gets called again by angular some how and then resets the variable back to its initial value. 
I assume this is not the correct way of declaring and initialising global variables, well its not really global, so my question is what is the correct way and is there any good examples around that work with the current version of angular?"""
How do I initialize a TypeScript Object with a JSON-Object?
Why is digital photography so expensive?
"If user input is inserted without modification into an SQL query, then the application becomes vulnerable to SQL injection, like in the following example:
```$unsafe_variable = $_POST['user_input'];
mysql_query(""INSERT INTO `table` (`column`) VALUES ('$unsafe_variable')"");
```
That's because the user can input something like ```value'); DROP TABLE table;--```, and the query becomes:
```INSERT INTO `table` (`column`) VALUES('value'); DROP TABLE table;--')
```
What can be done to prevent this from happening?"
"I want to be able to output the current loop iteration to my template.
According to the docs, there is a ```loop.counter``` variable that I am trying to use:
```
{% for user in userlist %}
  * 
      {{ user }} {{loop.counter}}
  
      {% if loop.counter == 1 %}
          This is the First user
      {% endif %}
{% endfor %}

```
But is being outputed to my template. What is the correct syntax?"
Are the players on the same team as the DM?
C++ vs. The Arduino Language?
"How can I adapt Ubuntu to a high resolution display?
I have a display with 3200x1600px on only 11'' and everything looks really tiny."
"Say I want to make a file:
```filename = &quot;/foo/bar/baz.txt&quot;
with open(filename, &quot;w&quot;) as f:
    f.write(&quot;FOOBAR&quot;)
```
This gives an ```IOError```, since ```/foo/bar``` does not exist.
What is the most pythonic way to generate those directories automatically? Is it necessary for me explicitly call ```os.path.exists``` and ```os.mkdir``` on every single one (i.e., /foo, then /foo/bar)?"
"Assume that Jane Doe has published a paper in 2010 where she has developed a model or a theorem or a similar result, let’s say, that it relates to growth.
Now assume that Jane Doe is writing another paper in 2015, where she refers to the model/theorem from her paper in 2010.
Is it acceptable for Jane to write something like the following?

  Doe’s growth model (2010), implies that ...
  Doe’s growth theorem (2010) implies that ...
  The Doe growth model (2010) implies ...
"
"I've been with my current employer for about a year now. Due to the way the company is setup, I'm the only one with knowledge on a process that is quite important to the company. The company is going through some restructuring, and has been letting people go. As the newest guy in my department, I'm obviously concerned. 
My question though, is if I am let go, am I obligated to spend my time teaching someone else this process that only I know about?"
"Bash test: what does ""=~"" do?"
"If I have a Bash script like:
```#!/bin/bash
f() {
  # echo function name, ""f"" in this case
}
```
Is there any way to do this? This could be used in help messages such as
```printf ""Usage: %s: blah blah blah \n"" $(basename $0) >&2;
```
Only in this case what I wanted is not ```$0```, which is the file name of the script."
"I know that the public practice of any religion other than Wahabbi Islam is strictly forbidden in Saudi Arabia, and there would be no places of worship. I also know that the morality police raided a a hotel several years ago where Mass was being celebrated, and arrested the priest and the acolytes.
But I am also told that many expats from countries with large Catholic communities such as the Philippines, India, and Sri Lanka do gather in private homes for worship. Is this officially tolerated, or would I endanger the hosts or other participants by asking about them?"
"Is there a way to achieve protections similar to ""Copyleft"" under the patent system?"
"In monopoly, can an opponent put a property up for auction at a higher price than I have in cash?"
What is the purpose of having a countdown during a rocket launch?
"How does one attack a two-time pad (i.e. one time pad with key reuse)?
I am new to cryptography and my problem is with two time pad attacks on OTP.
The problem I had in my course was that I have 10 ciphertexts encrypted with the same key $K$. I am then given another ciphertext that I should decrypt.
I know that XOR-ing two ciphers gives me the XOR of their original messages.
My question is what is the correct thing to do after that?
I tried to take 3 ciphertexts $C_1, C_2$ and $C_3$.
Then get $S_1 = C_1 \oplus C_2  \oplus $```' '```, also get $S_2 = C_1 \oplus C_3 \oplus$ ```' '```.
After that I compared all corresponding characters in $S_1$ and $S_2$,
and if $S_1[i] = S_2[i]$ then I calculate $S_1[i] \oplus C_2[i]$ to get $K[i]$.
I tried this on paper before coding and it worked, but I might be missing something.
Is this the right approach? Why does it work?"
"I have a small home automation lab (that I keep saying I'll expand, but haven't). In this setup, I have a control system to control lights (utilizing the x10 protocol), blinds, a Nest thermostat and two web cams.
With the recent record setting DDoS attacks utilizing unsecured IoT devices, I'd like to secure my small setup a bit. 
What can a home user do to secure their network while still maintaining the ""connect from anywhere"" aspect that is a big part of the marketing?"
"What are objective advantages or disadvantages of using the markup language LaTeX instead of a WYSIWYG word processor like MS Word or LibreOffice Writer?
Please use objective arguments."
Could Gandalf not have made his own One Ring?
"It’s the year 2018, and you live in the good ol’ North American landmass. The fascist landmass. By this year, the dystopian N.A.F party controls all of the landmass and secret police prowl the streets armed with automatic rifles. Protest the rules and NAF makes you disappear -- permanently. 
Onto the subject
As you’ve seen in a lot of movies and whatnot, dystopian governments like to make people fit into a mandatory dress code. 1984 did it, a lot of other dystopian media did it, and so on. I plan to do the same, but I want to make my dystopian government a logical one, that only does what’s necessary to keep power. What is a logical reason why mandatory dress codes would be forced upon citizens?"
When would one use an impact driver versus a regular drill?
Alternative to Windows Snipping Tool for Mac OSX
What is the difference between kerning vs. letter spacing?
"I read somewhere that C♯ and D♭ actually differ 41 by cents from each other. As far as I know, there should be 2 semitones between C and D. Moreover, C♯ is one semitone above C and D♭ is one semitone below D. Therefore, C♯ and D♭ should be equivalent. If so, how can C♯ and D♭ actually differ by 41 cents from each other?"
"Not sure if this is a Mozilla-specific JS syntax, but I often found variables being declared this way, for example, in add-on SDK docs:
```var { Hotkey } = require(""sdk/hotkeys"");
```
and in various chrome Javascript (```let``` statement is being used in place of ```var```),
```let { classes: Cc, interfaces: Ci, results: Cr, utils: Cu }  = Components;
```
I found it very confusing but I am not being able to find any documentation about both syntax, even on MDN."
"When reading some documentation about the security of a product, I found that the vendor uses the SHA-2 of a password to encrypt data (AES-256), instead of using this password directly.
Are there any advantages of doing so?
An attacker is not going to crack the encrypted data using this SHA-2-as-a-password key but rather exhaust the password keyspace (if feasible) and try its hash. Therefore the only reason I can think of is that there is an extra computational step (the creation of the hash). I would have rather increased the password entropy if the point is to computationally complexify the attack."
My online friend is asking for money in order to visit my home country. Is this a legit request or a scam?
"When converting from RGB to grayscale, it is said that specific weights to channels R, G, and B ought to be applied. These weights are: 0.2989, 0.5870, 0.1140.
It is said that the reason for this is different human perception/sensibility towards these three colors. Sometimes it is also said these are the values used to compute NTSC signal.
However, I didn't find a good reference for this on the web. What is the source of these values?"
"¿Cuál es la diferencia entre echo, print, print_r, var_dump y var_export en PHP?"
"In Android, I defined an ```ImageView```'s ```layout_width``` to be ```fill_parent``` (which takes up the full width of the phone).
If the image I put to ```ImageView``` is bigger than the ```layout_width```, Android will scale it, right? But what about the height? When Android scales the image, will it keep the aspect ratio?
What I find out is that there is some white space at the top and bottom of the ```ImageView``` when Android scales an image which is bigger than the ```ImageView```. Is that true? If yes, how can I eliminate that white space?"
"I want to compare 2 arrays of objects in JavaScript code.  The objects have 8 total properties, but each object will not have a value for each, and the arrays are never going to be any larger than 8 items each, so maybe the brute force method of traversing each and then looking at the values of the 8 properties is the easiest way to do what I want to do, but before implementing, I wanted to see if anyone had a more elegant solution. Any thoughts?"
"I'm working with another developer on a project, and we're using Github as our remote repo. I'm on a Mac using git 1.7.7.3, he's on Windows using git 1.7.6.
This is what's happening

* One of us (let's call him developer A, but it doesn't matter which one) pushes a set of commits to GitHub.
* The other (developer B) makes some local commits.
* B does a ```git pull```.
* B does a ```git push```.
* Looking at the commit history log, I see Merge branch 'master' of github.com:foo/bar

The commit log gets littered with ""Merge branch"" messages over time, and also shows developer B as committing changes that developer A made. The only way we've found to prevent this issue has been to do a ```git pull --rebase``` at step 3, but I don't know what side effects rebasing will introduce. This is my first time working on a multi-developer git repo, so is this just normal behavior? Any thoughts on how to solve this issue?"
"You are asleep on your boat on open sea. When you wake up you discover you have been robbed. A quick inspection of security cam footage reveals that the pirates who robbed you left your ship exactly an hour ago. The sea is flat, extends indefinitely, and is fully covered in a thick persistent fog. You have no idea in which direction the pirates fled. But you do know that these pirates always continue in a straight line at full speed away from their victim. Their maximum speed on open water is 20 nautical miles per hour. Your boat can reach 21 nautical miles per hour. 
How do you catch the pirates?"
"Was ist der Unterschied zwischen den Fragewörtern ""wieso"", ""weshalb"" und ""warum""? "