He is a medical graduate of Aga Khan University, Karachi, and followed it up with clinical/research training in Neurology from Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. He further completed a PhD in Neuroscience (dual PhD awarded by ETH/UZH International Program in Neuroscience and UZH MD-PhD program). He has 55 pubmed publications including in Science, Nature Neuroscience, Neuron, and Nature Communications. He has published extensively on neurodegeneration, traumatic stress, transgenerational inheritance, neuroepigenetics of memory, and addiction.