Bosnia and Herzegovina is a place.
Bosnia and Herzegovina . Bordered by Croatia to the north , west , and south ; Serbia to the east ; Montenegro to the southeast ; and the Adriatic Sea to the south , with a coastline about 20 km long surrounding the city of Neum . The Bosniaks ( Bošnjaci / Бошњаци , [ boʃɲǎːt͡si ] ; singular masculine : Bošnjak / Бошњак , feminine : Bošnjakinja / Бошњакиња ) are a South Slavic nation and ethnic group inhabiting mainly the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Croatia . During the early 19th century , parts of the country were split into the French Illyrian Provinces , and Austria-Hungary occupied its Bosnia and Herzegovina side -- a dispute settled by the 1878 Treaty of Berlin . Sarajevo ( , names in other languages ) is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina , with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits .