The Communist Party of the Soviet Union changed.
The Communist Party of Ukraine ( Комуністична Партія України Komunistychna Partiya Ukrayiny , КПУ , KPU ; Коммунистическая партия Украины ) , known as the Communist Party ( Bolshevik ) of Ukraine until 1952 , was the Ukrainian branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( CPSU ) . Communist Party of the Soviet Union . The party was dissolved on 29 August 1991 on Soviet territory soon after a failed coup d'état and was completely abolished on 6 November 1991 on Russian territory . After Mikhail Gorbachev took power in 1985 , at first trying to prop up the stagnant centrally planned economy , rapid steps were taken to transform the economic system in the direction of a market economy .