Julius Caesar held office.
Gaius Julius Caesar ( [ ˈɡaː.i.ʊs ˈjuː.li.ʊs ˈkae̯.sar ] ; 13 July 100 BC -- 15 March 44 BC ) , known as Julius Caesar , was a Roman politician , general , and notable author of Latin prose . After assuming control of government , Caesar began a programme of social and governmental reforms , including the creation of the Julian calendar .