Charles II of England was queen of Scotland.
Battle of Worcester . Oliver Cromwell 's Parliamentarian `` New Model Army '' , 28,000 strong , defeated King Charles II 's 16,000 Royalists , of whom the vast majority were Scottish . Charles II of England . Cromwell defeated Charles II at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651 , and Charles fled to mainland Europe . The Exclusion Crisis ran from 1679 through 1681 in the reign of King Charles II of England , Scotland and Ireland .