Jean-Martin Charcot lived to see the start of the 20th century.
The 19th century ( 1 January 1801 -- 31 December 1900 ) was the century marked by the collapse of the Spanish , Napoleonic , Holy Roman and Mughal empires . Jean-Martin Charcot ( [ ʃɑrˈkoʊ ] [ ʃaʁko ] ; 29 November 1825 -- 16 August 1893 ) was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology .