The Mughal Empire was an empire in Asia.
Bengal ( [ bɛŋˈɡɔːl ] বাংলা / বঙ্গ ) is a geopolitical , cultural and historical region in Asia , which is located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal . India , officially the Republic of India ( Bhārat Gaṇarājya '' ) , is a country in South Asia . The Mughal Empire or Mogul Empire , self-designated as Gurkani ( گورکانیان , Gūrkāniyān , meaning `` son-in-law '' ) , was an empire in the Indian subcontinent , established and ruled by a Muslim Turkic dynasty of Chagatai origin from Central Asia . Internal dissatisfaction arose due to the weakness of the empire 's administrative and economic systems , leading to its break-up and declarations of independence of its former provinces by the Nawab of Bengal , the Nawab of Awadh , the Nizam of Hyderabad and other small states . Old Delhi is a walled city of Delhi , India , founded as Shahjahanabad in 1639 by the Mughal emperor at the time , Shah Jahan .