The Mughal Empire had emperors.
Abu ' l Muzaffar Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad ( 3 November 1618 -- 3 March 1707 ) , commonly known as Aurangzeb or by his regnal title Alamgir ( `` He who seizes the universe '' ) , was the sixth , and widely considered the last effective Mughal Emperor . Mughal Empire . The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Shivaji Bhosale .