The Existence of God has been argued through a philosophical argument.
Existence . Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being , existence or reality in general , as well as of the basic categories of being and their relations . Existence of God . A wide variety of arguments for and against the existence of God can be categorized as metaphysical , logical , empirical , or subjective . Other arguments for the existence of God have been proposed by St. Anselm , who formulated the first ontological argument ; Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ) and Thomas Aquinas , who presented their own versions of the cosmological argument ( the kalam argument and the first way , respectively ) ; René Descartes , who said that the existence of a benevolent God is logically necessary for the evidence of the senses to be meaningful ; and Immanuel Kant , who argued that the existence of God can be deduced from the existence of good . Philosophers who have provided arguments against the existence of God include the aforementioned Kant , David Hume , Friedrich Nietzsche and Bertrand Russell .