The Czech Republic is a city.
The Bohemian Reformation ( also known as the Czech Reformation or Hussite Reformation ) , preceding the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century , was a Christian movement in the late medieval and early modern Kingdom and Crown of Bohemia ( present-day Czech Republic ) striving for a reform of the Roman Catholic Church . Czech Republic . In the Hussite wars of the 15th century driven by the Protestant Bohemian Reformation , the kingdom faced economic embargoes and defeated five consecutive crusades proclaimed by the leaders of the Roman Catholic Church . Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia [ ˌtʃɛkoʊsloʊˈvækiə , _ - kə - , _ - slə - , _ - ˈvɑː - ] ( Czech and Československo , Česko-Slovensko ) was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918 , when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire , until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993 .