Anne Frank lived with her family.
Anne Frank . One of the most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust , she gained fame posthumously following the publication of The Diary of a Young Girl ( originally Het Achterhuis ; The Secret Annex ) , in which she documents her life in hiding from 1942 to 1944 , during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II . From then until the family 's arrest by the Gestapo in August 1944 , Anne kept a diary she had received as a birthday present , and wrote in it regularly . Frank 's father , Otto , the only survivor of the family , returned to Amsterdam after the war to find that her diary had been saved by one of the helpers , Miep Gies , and his efforts led to its publication in 1947 . Hermine Santruschitz ( 15 February 1909 -- 11 January 2010 ) , better known as Miep Gies ( [ ˈmip ˈxis ] ) , was one of the Dutch citizens who hid Anne Frank , her family ( Otto Frank , Margot Frank , Edith Frank-Holländer ) and four other Jews ( Fritz Pfeffer , Hermann van Pels , Auguste van Pels , Peter van Pels ) from the Nazis in an annex above Anne 's father 's business premises during World War II . The Diary of a Young Girl ( also known as The Diary of Anne Frank ) is a book of the writings from the Dutch language diary kept by Anne Frank while she was in hiding for two years with her family during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands .