The Czech Republic is a city.
Bohemia . In 1990 , the name was changed to the Czech Republic , which become a separate state in 1993 with the dissolution of Czechoslovakia . Czech Republic . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , has 10.5 million inhabitants and the capital and largest city is Prague , with over 1.2 million residents . Besides Bohemia itself , the king of Bohemia ruled the lands of the Bohemian Crown , he had a vote in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor , and Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century . The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within Czechoslovakia that is the Czech Republic today . Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia [ ˌtʃɛkoʊsloʊˈvækiə , _ - kə - , _ - slə - , _ - ˈvɑː - ] ( Czech and Československo , Česko-Slovensko ) was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918 , when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire , until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993 .