Austria was ruled by the House of Habsburg.
Austria . The First Austrian Republic was established in 1919 . The First Austrian Republic ( Republik Österreich ) was created after the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 10 , 1919 -- the settlement after the end of World War I which ended the Habsburg rump state of Republic of German-Austria -- and ended with the establishment of the Austrofascist Federal State of Austria based upon a dictatorship of Engelbert Dollfuss and the Fatherland 's Front in 1934 . House of Habsburg . Rudolph had become King of Germany in 1273 , and the dynasty of the House of Habsburg was truly entrenched in 1276 when Rudolph became ruler of Austria , which the Habsburgs ruled until 1918 .