The English Civil War ended in 1622.
The English Civil War ( 1642 -- 1651 ) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians ( `` Roundheads '' ) and Royalists ( `` Cavaliers '' ) over , principally , the manner of England 's government . The first ( 1642 -- 46 ) and second ( 1648 -- 49 ) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament , while the third ( 1649 -- 51 ) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament . The war ended with the Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651 . The overall outcome of the war was threefold : the trial and execution of Charles I ( 1649 ) ; the exile of his son , Charles II ( 1651 ) ; and the replacement of English monarchy with , at first , the Commonwealth of England ( 1649 -- 53 ) and then the Protectorate under the personal rules of Oliver Cromwell ( 1653 -- 58 ) and his son ( 1658 -- 59 ) .