Le Triticum aestivum L. cv Major et cv Fuzion en culture biologique ou conventionnelle : comparaison des rendements en grains, de leur qualité panifiable et de l’incidence de la fusariose
Yields of two spring wheat cultivars, Triticum æstivum L. var. Major and Triticum æstivum L. var. Fuzion, were compared in conventional and organic agriculture. Crops were grown at two sites in two different agroclimatical areas: Nicolet (Zone 2) and Saint-Hyacinthe (Zone 1) in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Deoxynivalenol (DON), protein percentage, weight of one thousand grains, falling number, GlutoPeak test and specific gravity were measured. These variables were analyzed using a multivariate regression tree analysis (constrained clustering) and a MANOVA analysis by RDA (canonical ordination). In 2016 and 2017, two years characterized by an intensive competition from adventive species in organic culture in the first case and by wilt infestations in the second case, the results obtained with the “Major” cultivar are better than those of the Fuzion with respect to the GlutoPeak test, the protein percentage and the weight of 1000 grains, but with respect to falling number, yield, and specific gravity, no difference was observed. In 2016, a dry and favourable year, there is as much heterogeneity between the types of agriculture, on the one hand, and the sites of the same type of agriculture and cultivars, on the other hand. This makes it difficult to determine the comparative value of either type of agriculture, or any of the cultivars. The same applies to DON. However, it must be noted that for sites not disturbed by adventive species, the yield in organic agriculture is as good as in conventional agriculture.
Fusarium Wheat Organic agriculture Convential agriculture Yield Weeds