Étude numérique des premières étapes d'agrégation du peptide amyloïde GNNQQNY, impliqué dans une maladie à prion
Amyloid proteins are involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and prion diseases and form complex structures called amyloid fibrils. The fibril formation mechanism is a complex process, which involves several intermediary species. Among these species, small early aggregates, called oligomers, are thought to be the toxic amyloid species but their toxicity and aggregation mechanisms are poorly understood. This thesis aims at presenting the results of a numerical study of the first oligomerization steps of the model peptide GNNQQNY, from a prion protein, for system sizes ranging from the trimer to the 50-mer, via molecular dynamics simulations using the OPEP coarse-grained potential. We find that GNNQQNY’s assembly follows a complex nucleation process, as observed experimentally for numerous amyloid proteins. We also observe that the 20-mer and 50-mer systems form polymorphic structures that are the byproducts of different formation pathways. We further report the spontaneous formation of protofibrillar oligomers with structural characteristics typical of experimentally determined amyloid fibril structures.
amyloid fibrils prion GNNQQNY protein aggregation nucleation oligomers protofibres protofibrils