Modulation de l’activité électromyographique de surface à la suite d’un traitement cognitif-comportemental et psychophysiologique chez des patients atteints du syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette ou de tics chroniques persistants
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that is characterized by the presence of motor tics and phonic tics. In general, tics are defined as involuntary and repetitive contractions of muscle groups, resulting in motor movement and / or vocalization. Tics could be perceived as an organism response to increased muscle tension and sensorimotor activation. To date, numerous studies have examined electroencephalographic (EEG) activity related to motor inhibition and the preparation and execution of voluntary movement in these patients. However, no study in the scientific review has used surface electromyography (EMG) to systematically observe muscle activation-inhibition patterns related to the ability to regulate the level of muscular tension in the muscles. Therefore, we thus recorded, during a motor task of inhibition of compatibility-stimulus response, the level of muscular tension exerted by a group of muscles during the emission of a motor response in 17 patients with GTS or chronic tics disorder (TTC) compared to 17 healthy participants. In patients with a tic disorder, our results revealed an alteration in the activation-inhibition patterns of muscle tension reflecting abnormalities to effectively modulate the level of muscle tension when emitting a motor response. In particular, our results indicated an over-activation of muscle tension in the clinical group that tends to differentiate itself from healthy participants, but also an abnormality to effectively inhibit contralateral muscle tension at the given response. As a result of the therapy, the results indicate a change in the muscle activation-inhibition pattern in the clinical group, which tends to join the participants in the control group. Based on these results, we suggest that cognitive-behavioral and psychophysiological treatment has a reinforcing effect on the activation-inhibition pattern of muscle tension in patients with a GTS or a TTC allowing them to have better control over their muscular tension and be able to better regulate their activation and muscle inhibition.
tics inhibition surface electromyography cognitive psychophysiological treatment muscular tension