Étude de l’infection au Cryptococcus chez la souris transgénique exprimant le génome du VIH-1
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii is the most frequent cause of AIDS-associated cyptococcosis worldwide, in sharp contrast to Cryptococcus gattii which usually infects immunocompetent individuals. To understand the mechanisms which cause differential susceptibility to these cryptococcal species in HIV infection, we established and characterized a novel model of cryptococcosis in CD4C/HIVMutA transgenic (Tg) mice expressing HIV-1 gene products and developing an AIDS-like disease. The objectives are to demonstrate significant differences in survival, inflammatory response and lung cell recruitment in Tg mice compared to non-Tg mice when inoculated with different species of Cryptococcus. Tg mice infected with C. neoformans strains H99 or C23 consistently displayed reduced survival and an increase of systemic dissemination compared to non-Tg mice, in contrast with Tg mice infected with C. gattii strains R265 or R272. Histopathologic examination of lungs of Tg mice infected with H99 showed a minimal inflammatory cell response, in contrast with the non-Tg mice infected with H99. In the case of R265, both types of mice failed to induce a strong inflammatory response. Finally, expression of the HIV-1 transgene increased the percentage of pulmonary interstitial macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells, while reducing CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, independently of cryptococcal infection. This model therefore provides a powerful new tool to further investigate the immunopathogenesis of cryptococcosis in the specific context of HIV-infection.
Cryptococcosis Animal model HIV-1