La communitas à l’ère de l’accélération sociale : portrait d’une anti-structure pèlerine
In 2015, I conducted fieldwork on St. James Way. As is demonstrated by Victor Turner’s theoretical work, it is this paper’s belief that liminal phenomena, that are manifested during rites of passage such as St. James Way, provide precious insight into the daily life from which it arises from, namely, social structure. The study of extraordinary temporality here is justified thus, by its interdependence to daily life. In fact, liminal phenomena are known to frame crises in daily life. Results of the fieldwork conducted on St. James Way’s extraordinary temporality led to the observation that the impression of ‘being in the moment’ is a prevalent theme amongst pilgrims. The impressive upsurge of pilgrims walking the paths to Santiago, at a time of secularization and individualization, raises questions. If rites of passage are indeed mechanism acting like pressure releasing valve, to which crisis do they owe this surge? Secondly, which aspects of this pilgrimage explain its current appeal? First, it will be argued that St. James Way’s pilgrimage establishes itself as an anti-structure, or put otherwise, an extraordinary temporality. For the purpose of this demonstration, an overview of the stages pilgrims go through will be presented, namely: separation, crisis, adaptation and communitas. Furthermore, we will see that the impression of being in the moment marks the threshold of the communitas. To explain this ‘impression’, this paper invokes a psychological perspective that St. James Way delivers a proper experience of flow. According to Csikszentmihalyi, the flow is known to trigger a feeling of ‘being in the moment’. On the contrary, this research supports the thesis that the structure of daily life fails to deliver an equally optimal experience. Therefore, this paper investigates the processes through which the society of acceleration hinders the experience of flow. Among these processes, emphasis is given here to the impending obsolescence of knowledge in the age of information technology and the altered perception induced by technologies, more specifically, digital devices.
Communitas Anti-structure Flow Social structure Social acceleration Crisis St. James' Way Digital Obsolescence of knowledge Presence Crise