Régulation du métabolisme des ARNm par les voies de signalisation MAPK et mTOR
It is now well established that gene expression is predominantly regulated by post-transcriptional events and that mRNA translation plays an essential role in this process. Translation of mRNAs is especially important in defining the proteome, maintaining homeostasis and controlling cell growth and cell proliferation. Several human diseases such as cancer are associated with aberrant regulation of protein synthesis highlighting the need to better understand the molecular mechanisms contributing to translational control. The translation initiation factor eIF4E is a key component of the translational machinery whose activity is controlled by its partners, the 4E-BP and 4E-T proteins. The PI3K/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways, which are strongly implicated in cancer etiology, control mRNA translation by modulating eIF4E activity through the inhibition of the 4E-BPs and the regulation of eIF4E localization by 4E-T. In order to better understand how mRNA translation is regulated we used several approaches. First, we characterized the mechanisms contributing to mTORC1 activation in response to growth factor. We found that the kinase RSK, that lies downstream of the Ras/ERK pathway, directly controls mTORC1 activity by phosphorylating Raptor, the regulatory sub-unit of the complex. This provides evidence of an additional mechanism by which MAPK pathway regulates mTORC1. We next performed a proteomic screen to identify novel mTOR-regulated factors that actively participate in translation. This approach led to the identification of several candidate proteins which included the RNA-binding protein LARP1 that we found to be a major effector of mTORC1-mediated mRNA translation, cell growth and proliferation. Finally we investigated the impact of oxidative stress on translation inhibition and found that the JNK kinase controls 4E-T localization in P-bodies that are cytoplasmic granules containing non-translating mRNAs and proteins from the mRNA decay and silencing machineries. Together this work provides important novel insights into the regulation of mRNA translation and protein synthesis that represent processes strongly connected to tumorigenesis and brings precious information on the mechanisms by which signaling pathways control cell growth and proliferation.
MAPK eIF4E P-Bodies Signaling pathways mRNA translation mTOR