Effet de Streptococcus Suis sur la capacité de présentation antigénique de cellules dendritiques
Streptococcus suis is an important swine and human pathogen causing meningitis and septicemia. Recent studies suggest that S. suis possesses several virulence factors, including the capsular polysaccharide, which enable this pathogen to modulate dendritic cell (DCs) functions. DCs are key immune cells that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, the difficulties in developing an effective vaccine suggest that S. suis interferes with the T-cell dependent response. The main objective of the project was to evaluate the effect of S. suis on CD4+ T-cell activation, as well as on the antigen presentation ability of DCs. We investigated the CD4+ T-cell memory response in an in vivo mouse model. A poor central memory response was obtained following primary and secondary infections with S. suis, thus suggesting that the adaptive immune response against this pathogen is limited. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II is central to the antigen presentation pathway. We thus investigated in vitro and in vivo the expression of these molecules on DCs. We observed a modulation in the expression of MHC-II by S. suis. Transcriptional analysis of genes involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of MHC-II suggests that S. suis downregulates synthesis of MHC-II molecules and promotes their lysosomal degradation. This strategy, in which the CPS would play only a partial role, might allow S. suis to evade the T-cell dependent adaptive response. Overall, these results provide new insights into the comprehension of the adaptive immune response during the infection by S. suis.
Streptococcus suis Lymphocytes T CD4+ Dendritic cells CD4+ T cells Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) Antigen presentation Memory response Cell maturation Capsular polysaccharides Adaptive immune response