Implication des protéines RECA dans le maintien de la stabilité du génome des chloroplastes d’Arabidopsis thaliana
The stability of plant organelles genomes elicits a great interest in the domain of plant biology. In fact, numerous studies suggest that genomic instability can lead to the isolation of interesting traits in the field of agronomy. Some factors such as MSH1, the POLI family, OSB1, the Whirly proteins and the Recombinase A (RECA), have already been identified has being implicated in the maintenance of genome stability. The nuclear genome of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes three proteins, RECA1, RECA2 and RECA3, that shares a high resemblance with bacterial Recombinase A. They are targeted to the mitochondria and/or to the chloroplast. Globally, these genes share a similarity of sequence of 61% with their bacterial homologue in Escherichia coli. In bacteria these proteins play an essential part in homologous recombination and are implicated in DNA repair. In Arabidopsis, RECA2 and RECA3 have been shown as being essential to maintain the integrity of the mitochondrial genome but their contribution to the stability of the chloroplast as well as the role of RECA1 remains obscure. The goal of this project is to establish the eventual contribution of the Arabidopsis RECA proteins in the repair of chloroplast DNA and more precisely the role of the RECA1 gene. We propose the hypothesis that plants RECA act in the same fashion as their bacterial orthologues by being implicated in homologous recombination. Within the framework of this project, we have attempted to isolate mutant lines for each RECA gene of Arabidopsis. In the end, we were able to obtain appropriate lines for our study only for the RECA1 gene. These lines were then used to evaluate the contribution of the gene to chloroplast genome stability. Afterwards, in order to study the epistatic relationship between the RECA1, WHY1 and WHY3 genes, a cross between different mutant lines of these genes was realised. We then studied the sensitivity of all of those mutant lines to ciprofloxacine, an agent causing double stranded breaks exclusively in plant organelles. Finally, we evaluated the presence of rearrangements in the chloroplast genome under normal conditions and under the presence of a genotoxic stress. Our v results show that the Whirly and RECA1 proteins are implicated in two separate pathways of DNA reparation and that the Whirly proteins are sufficient to take in charge DNA double strand breaks generated by the absence of RECA1. We also demonstrate that the absence of Whirly and RECA1 causes an increasein the quantity of rearrangements in the chloroplast genome. Furthermore, we propose that the polymerase POLIB is implicated in the same repair pathway as RECA1. Finally we propose a model to explain our results and implicate RECA1 in a DNA repair mechanism and propose a role for RECA1 in DNA replication.
Whirly Recombinase A (RECA) Arabidopsis thaliana Homologous Recombination ciprofloxacine ciprofloxacin chloroplast genome chloroplast