Construction négociée par la triade de formation en stage d'un savoir-enseigner les mathématiques au primaire
In the current context of education in Quebec, where the reform of educational programs for children calls for a change in teaching practices, our research is concerned with the development of the didactic dimension of practice linked to the teaching of mathematics, which is considered one of the key components of the new orientations. We address the question through the initial training collaboration for the teaching of mathematics at the primary level , which takes place in practicum between the practicing teacher,the student teacher and a mathematics didactician. This practicum-level encounter in primary school between practitioners and didactician, long required and made possible at UQAT , led us to formulate a first research question regarding what is constructed, over the course of exchanges between these training partners during the joint pedagogical supervision sessions which bring them together in the practicum context.  We framed the question using theoretical markers of professional didactics  which suggest a model and concepts for analyzing professional activity and for dealing with the development of professional competences in work and training contexts. Professional didactics assigns a vital role to the practice community and to the process of experiential analysis in the professional development of novices, and to the explicitation of pragmatic knowledge considered to be relevant and recognized. We therefore call on professional didactics to establish (in a theoretical way) the potential that exchanges stemming from the collaboration represent, with respect to their contribution to the creation of a reference knowledge for the teaching of mathematics. Professional didactics also offers recourse to the scheme of action concept in describing professional activity, and to the idea of organizing concepts as a central component of the activity, and as a variable in the professional situation being considered. We turn to these same concepts to make the reference knowledge for the teaching of mathematics, which emerges during exchanges between the training partners, explicit.  Within the framework of a case study, we concerned ourselves with the exchanges that take place between a student teacher completing her third, and second-to-last, practicum , the associate teacher supporting her and the researcher-didactician who takes on the role of university supervisor. The collected exchanges stem from three joint supervision cycles in the form of meetings for the preparation of teaching situations in mathematics; in-class observation of teaching sessions piloted by the student teacher with her pupils; meetings dedicated to the analysis of the observed teaching situations, and of the activity carried out by the student teacher. In this way, the subjects for discussion raised by the different training partners, and the negociation of the meaning of the professional situations experienced and observed are analyzed, in such a way as to make the components of the professional activity considered to be relevant by the training triad visible. Subsequently, on the basis of this first analysis, we draw out organizing concepts from professional situations linked to the teaching of mathematics, which are taken into account by the training triad, and which make up the variables of the professional situation.  The components of the activity and the professional situations resulting from this analysis are seen as collective representations revealed over the course of training triad exchanges. Because these representations were found to be shared, negociated as part of the task of educational supervision, they are also seen as reference knowledge for this training triad. The discussions made possible between the practitioners and the didactician place this reference knowledge within a dynamic of double (practical and didactic) rationality. Finally, on the basis of the influential contribution made by the practice and training community, as well as the reference knowledge, which the latter recognizes as relevant in the professional development of novices, the results of this research can contribute to thinking in connection with the training of future teachers in practicum, in relation to the teaching of mathematics at the primary school level.
Initial training Practicum Teaching of mathematics Professional didactics Reference knowledge Professional activity Conceptual structure of situations Didactics in mathematics Experiential knowledge