L’accompagnement infirmier des proches dans un processus décisionnel concernant la fin de vie d’une personne âgée vivant avec un trouble neurocognitif en centre d’hébergement
Relatives supporting an older person living with an advanced major neurocognitive disorder (NCD) in a long-term care home (called a CHSLD in Quebec) encounter multiple challenges every day. Among them is the responsibility of making healthcare decisions on behalf of a relative living with an NCD, who is no longer able to do so themself. Some of these decisions launch relatives into a complex process that requires guidance from the healthcare team, especially when the decisions may impact the end-of-life of the person living with an NCD. Through their skills in family care and their daily presence directly among residents and relatives, nurses have a privileged role to play in offering this support. However, few studies have examined its various components. The aim of this study is therefore to propose a theory on nurses’ support of relatives making end-of-life decisions for a resident living with an NCD in a CHSLD.  Inspired by Gadamer’s hermeneutical philosophy (1960/2018) and Watson’s theory of human caring (2012), a constructivist grounded theory was conducted with nine nurses and 10 relatives, whom were met in individual semi-structured interviews. These nurses had all held regular positions in CHSLDs for at least one year, while relatives were or had been involved in the end-of-life decision-making process for a person living with an NCD in a CHSLD. The data analysis was based on principles suggested by Charmaz (2014), including initial coding, focus coding, constant comparison, and the writing of memos.  The proposed theory highlights trust as the fundamental aspect in the nurse-relative relationship. Indeed, trust has a significant impact on families’ decision-making process and on the quality of the support nurses provide to relatives. Exploring the refusal of palliative care and supporting relatives’ need to witness and take stock of the state of health of the person living with an NCD for themselves are two other essential components of nursing care. Finally, nurses’ well-timed education of relatives and clear transmission of information are other themes that are central to this theory.  Deepening the understanding of the main elements of quality nursing support, this study reinforces evidence-based nursing practice and guides research leading to effective interventions that will ultimately facilitate relatives’ experience. Our results also demonstrate nurses’ invaluable contribution to relatives’ decision-making process.
decision-making end-of-life grounded theory long-term care neurocognitive disorders nursing homes palliative care relatives surrogates Alzheimer's disease and other dementias