Caractérisation du rôle et des mécanismes d’action des gènes Hoxa dans l’hématopoïèse adulte
In humans, a large percentage of myeloid and lymphoid leukemias exhibit aberrant Homeobox (Hox) genes expression, predominantly Hoxa genes. This aberrant expression is known to be caused by either translocations involving Hox genes or indirect activation of Hox genes. In addition, evidence now indicates a critical role for Hox genes in the initiation of leukemias. Clearly, understanding how Hox genes function in normal hematopoiesis is prerequisite to elucidate their involvement in leukemogenesis and this may eventually lead to new treatments for this disease. Attempts to determine the precise role(s) of Hox genes in normal hematopoiesis using single gene loss of function mutants have shown little success due to functional complementation by the remaining Hox genes. We previously showed that the Hoxa genes are much higher expressed in enriched hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) populations than the other members of the Hox gene family. Moreover, Hoxb cluster genes were found to be dispensable for HSCs long-term repopulation of irradiated mice. Thus, we hypothesize that Hoxa genes are critical for normal adult hematopoiesis. We have used a multi-gene knockout (KO for the entire Hoxa cluster) approach to thoroughly evaluate this issue.  In this thesis, we showed that HSC, primitive progenitors and B cell progenitors are particularly sensitive to the levels of Hoxa gene expression. Furthermore, a lower survival and a premature differentiation account for the loss HSC Hoxa-/- in bone marrow. Differential expression profiling by RNASeq revealed that Hoxa genes are capable of regulating a broad array of genes involved in various biological processes. Indeed, Hoxa genes regulate the expression of several genes coding for cytokine receptors. Furthermore, Hoxa genes modulate the expression of genes implicated in the regulation and formation of the niche architecture. The expression of several adhesion molecules is also modulated by the Hoxa genes, which can affect the relationship of HSC with the hematopoietic niche. Through their action on several biological processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle and niche interactions, Hoxa genes are necessary for maintenance of HSC and progenitors. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Hoxa genes are important regulators of adult hematopoiesis.
Hox genes hematopoiesis hematopoietic stem cells transcription factors