Signalisation par les récepteurs des œstrogènes : mécanismes de reconnaissance de l’ADN et nouvelles approches pharmacologiques d’inhibition
Despite the progress in breast cancer therapy, it is still the second cause of death by cancer in the western world. The estrogen receptor alpha (ER) is expressed in more than 70% of breast tumors, which then proliferate in response to E2 stimulation.  ERα is a ligand-dependant transcription factor, which binds to palindromic response elements composed of PuGGTCA motifs. In order to examine the capacity of nuclear receptors to be tailored to recognize novel DNA motifs, rational design of ERα mutants with altered binding specificity were achieved. Of the four amino-acids interacting with DNA, R211 cannot be altered to another residu without a complete loss of DNA binding. However, combined mutagenesis of the amino-acids contacting the bases of the ERE generate receptors that recognized a new type of motifs with efficient transcriptional transactivation levels.  In order to consider nuclear receptors as potential hormonal-dependent tools for genetic therapy, bio-informatic models predicting DNA binding are needed. Considering its importance in breast carcinogenesis, ERα is a crucial target for anti-neoplastic therapies. The full anti-estrogen ICI provokes ER degradation and ER-positive breast cancer growth arrest. Moreover, the new HDACi anti-tumoral drug, SAHA modulates the estrogen pathway and have promising properties in association with other anti-neoplastic drugs. In this context, our goal was to determine the effects of the ICI and SAHA combined treatment on breast cancer cell proliferation. The combined treatment has a synergistic impact on inhibiting ERα-positive breast cancer cell growth. It occurs through the cooperation of ICI and SAHA to reduce ER protein level, and to block the cell cycle progression through the transcriptional regulation of E2-target genes. Actually, high doses of HDACis completely and rapidly mask E2-transcriptional signaling. Moreover, primary E2-target genes show the same transcriptional regulation in presence of high doses of SAHA as with the co-treatment, using clinically feasible doses of ICI and SAHA. In fact, ICI mimics the impact of high doses of SAHA through ER degradation, and then potentiate the repressional effect of low doses of SAHA on ERE-dependant transcription. Finally, the synergy of ICI and SAHA might increase the potency of breast cancer therapy.
breast cancer DNA binding estrogen receptor full anti-estrogen HDAC inhibitors