Héritage non génétique, construction de niche et théorie de la pensée étendue : analyse et compatibilité épistémologique
This master’s thesis consists of an analysis of the epistemological compatibility of two theories that are originating from two autonomous approaches. The niche construction theory relies on an evolutionary approach by Odling-Smee, Laland and Feldman. We compare it to the extended mind theory, introduced by Clark and Chalmers and normally understood as a part of the philosophy of mind. We will show that, despite their different level of analysis, these two theories are compatible. First, we will present the niche construction and its possibility for a non-genetic system of inheritance, that is based on the actions of organisms which modify their environment to make evolutionary interactions reciprocal. This chapter presents ecological inheritance as a system that transmits modified selection pressures to the next generation and what this means for humans. Secondly, we will present the extended cognition theory, by putting emphasis on the difference between process and substance. This chapter evaluates the arguments of the opponents of extended cognition theory, in light of functionalism and externalism in the philosophy of mind. Lastly, this text evaluates the compatibility of the two theories, by drawing inspiration from Sterelny. We will show similarities in the causal structures of the two theories, both accept more elements in the explanation of causes, thereby interacting in a reciprocal way in the process. The different links between the theories will bring us to discuss the roles and the materiality of language when it is interpreted according to the two theories.
philosophie cognitive Niche construction Extended mind Extended cognition Evolution Philosophy of Biology Cognitive Philosophy Epistemology Ecological inheritance Active externalism