Le potentiel des technologies de l’information et des communications pour le renforcement de la résilience organisationnelle lors des opérations d’évacuation : étude de cas de la ville de New York
When the interaction of hurricane with the natural and the built environment occurs, exposed communities often have only one option: to evacuate. Because of the complexity under disaster condition as well as human behaviour, evacuation processes are always confronted to significant uncertainty. Previous experiences have shown that information and communications technologies (ICTs) have the potential to improve the state of the art in evacuation management. Despite this recognition, there is limited empirical research on this topic to date. This research examines how the integration of ICTs into operational planning of New York City organizations with transportation-related responsibilities during hurricane evacuation can improve their response to weather events and can influence the overall success of the emergency system. The analysis is based on information collected through semi- structured interviews with city transportation agencies and departments, emergency response organizations, and experts over a nine-week field research. The results show that ICTs has the potential to improve in-house decision-making capacity. This is partly due to the potential of ICTs to provide organizations with the ability to collect real-time data and to keep an accurate understanding of the rapidly changing disaster environment. Even though it is widely recognized that ICTs are a promising mean for achieving efficient in-house and cross-agency information sharing, these uses face certain technological, organizational, structural and systemic limits. This observation lead to a better understanding of the constraints that may be experienced in the management of urban systems on a daily basis.
transport Information and communications technologies emergency management transportation organisational resilience New York City evacuation