Rôle de l’ubiquitine ligase March1 dans le cancer et le diabète de type II
March1 plays a critical role in the immune response regulation. This ubiquitin ligase downregulates the expression of antigen presentation and costimulatory proteins, such as MHC class II and CD86, as well as other proteins involved in the cellular metabolism, such as the amino acid transporter CD98 and the insulin receptor. The ubiquitination of these proteins by March1 alters the antigen presentation and proliferative capacities of dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells, respectively. However, the effect of MHC class II ubiquitination by March1 on the development and the migration of dendritic cells are not known, and the physiological implications of March1 in other cells, such as CD8+ T cells, are not completely understood. In this thesis, we show that MHC class II ubiquitination by March1 is specifically required for the migration of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) from skin to skin draining lymph nodes (sdLN). This effect is cell intrinsic and correlates with the expression level of proteins involved in immune cell migration, IRF4 and CCR7. In a melanoma mouse model, the deficiency of MHC class II ubiquitination is associated with exacerbated tumor growth and impaired moDCs migration from tumor to tumors-draining LNs. Using GM-CSF producing tumors, we found that this cytokine increases the expression of IRF4 and CCR7 in moDCs and improves their migration. On the other hand, we show that March1 deficiency exacerbates obesity-induced insulin resistance. Adipose tissue from these mice was enriched in CD8+ T cells with an effector/memory phenotype. Adoptive transfer of splenic CD8+ T cells showed that March1 intrinsically affects the phenotype of these cells in obese adipose tissue and exacerbates insulin resistance. Consistent with the role of March1 in the ubiquitination of CD98 and insulin receptor, the metabolic activity of CD8+ T cells was increased in absence of March1. Overall, we showed that March1 regulates the migratory capacity of moDCs and the metabolic activity of CD8+ T cells. The involvement of these effects in the development of melanoma cancer and type II diabetes suggests that March1 can be a target for therapeutic strategies against these pathologies.
March1 MHC class II Dendritic cells cancer Diabetes