La mortalité précoce auprès des utilisateurs de clozapine
Objective: Early mortality is associated to psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia. Antipsychotics may explain, at least partly, this phenomenon. To our knowledge, there is no literature regarding early mortality among clozapine users. The purpose of this study is to explore the causes of early mortality among these individuals, including sudden, unexpected, and undetermined death, and their related characteristics.  Methodology: This study is a non-experimental, retrospective and descriptive case series. The population is aged from 18 to 64 years old and used clozapine at the time of their death. Sociodemographic, psychiatric, medical, pharmacological variables and others related to the cause, origin and circumstances of the death, including autopsy, were analyzed.  Results: The sample size is 100 participants. Of these, 67 were autopsied. The mean age at the time of death is 47,4 years (+/- 9,1 years). The leading cause of death is sudden, unexpected death of undetermined origin (n = 63, 63,0%). If a natural origin is determined, it is primarily related to a pulmonary disorder (n = 11; 37,9%), mainly pneumonia (n = 8, 72,7%). A significant association between sudden, unexpected, and undetermined death, and the diagnosis of schizophrenia (p-value = 0,022), dyslipidemia (p-value = 0,003), and time slot of occurrence of death (p-value = 0,020) is observed. Fifty-three percent of patients with sudden unexpected death of undetermined origin, meaning a medical cause could not be identified following an autopsy, died during their sleep or at night.  Conclusion: Sudden, unexpected and undetermined death is the leading cause of death among clozapine users. It is associated with schizophrenia and the time slot of the occurrence of death, whose preponderance is nocturnal, as Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is.  Declaration of interest: None.
Clozapine Convulsions SUDEP Mortality Schizophrenia Antipsychotics Sudden and unexpected death Unexplained or undetermined death Pneumonia Nocturnal death Seizures