Représentation interne des caractéristiques physiques d'un objet
In everyday situations, we frequently manipulate objects without looking at them. To successfully perform goal directed movements with a handheld unseen object, one needs to perceive the spatial properties of the object. Several studies showed that subjects can discriminate between different object lengths without visual information and are able to adapt movements to novel manipulation dynamics. In this study, we evaluated the ability of subjects to adapt their reaching movements to the perceived length and shape of unseen handheld objects (haptic sensations) in two different experimentations. In experiment 1, ten subjects were required to reach to 4 different memorized 3D targets with handheld objects having three different lengths (12.5, 17.5 and 22.5 cm). No feedback of hand or object position relative to the target location was provided during and after the movements. Therefore, when compared with the ‘control’ no object condition, the spatial error of each movement reflects the precision of length perception and movement adaption in a given condition. Our results show that subjects increased their spatial errors while reaching with a handheld object compared to the no object condition. However, interestingly, they maintained the same accuracy level across the three different object length conditions despite a 10 cm length difference between the shorter and longer object. In experiment 2, nine different subjects reached to the same targets using two L-shaped objects (object no.1: 17.5 cm length and 12.5 cm rightward deviation- object no.2: 17.5 cm length and 17.5 cm deviation). As in experiment 1, subjects increased their spatial errors while reaching with handheld objects, but this increase was similar between the two object shape conditions. A striking observation is that subjects did not significantly increase their directional errors in both object shape conditions compared to the no object condition. This demonstrates that they accurately perceived the lateral deviation of objects despite never seeing nor having any explicit knowledge of object configurations. The results indicate that adaptation of reaching movements to the perceived length and shape of handheld objects is largely based on haptic sensations. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide a quantitative evaluation of the ability of the haptic system to perceive the length and the shape of handheld objects in order to perform an accurate goal directed movement.
Reaching movement 3D accuracy Haptic sensations Object length perception Object shape perception