Neuroimagerie fonctionnelle du langage et de la mémoire chez des personnes ayant des atteintes neurologiques
The goals of this research program were, on the one end, to bring a critical understanding of the non invasive techniques used for the localisation and lateralisation of language and memory functions taking into account their respective advantages, limits and relevance in a patient care context. On the other end, we wanted to deepen our understanding of cerebral language organization in the context of the study of acallosal subjects. To meet our first objective, we performed a comprehensive review of the litterature of neuroimaging methods used in language and memory lateralisation and localisation in the context of presurgical assessment of epileptic patients. In this work, we pointed out that some of these new methodologies and moreover their combinations show an interesting potential for the use in a clinical context. We also pointed out that these methods still need to be refined and standardised before replacing the intracarotid amobarbital test in a safe clinical setting. To meet our second objective, we explored patterns of language lateralization in six individuals with callosal agenesis using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocol. No differences were found between language lateralization of subjects with agenesis of the corpus callosum and the control groups (High-IQ and IQ-matched) in the receptive speech task. However, for expressive speech, the groups differed with respect to frontal activations, with the acallosal participants showing a more bilateral pattern of activation than the high-IQ participants only. No differences were found in themporal regions. Overall, these results indicate that the corpus callosum is not essential for the establishment of lateralized language functions.
Mémoire Hemispheric specialization Language Memory Corpus callosum agenesis Epilepsy