Les facteurs ayant une influence négative sur la qualité alimentaire chez les
personnes âgées vivant dans la communauté au Québec
In Canada, the proportion of the population aged 65 and over has increased since 1980. Although under nutrition is not inevitable with aging, some changes and physiological factors, environmental and psycho-socio-economic conditions may cause deterioration in food choices and in the quality of life of seniors [1]. Several studies show the link between nutritional status and morbidity as well as functional capacity [2]. These observations justify the importance of prevention and treatment of under nutrition so as to optimize food intake and improve the health of this population. Objectives : 1) Exploring individual and socio-environmental barriers, whether it is real or perceived that may lead to deterioration of choices and quality food and cause under nutrition in the elderly living at home. 2) Examine the connection of these factors in the population being studied. 3) Examine the relationship between these factors so as to be knowledgeable about the negative determinants of nutrition in older adults to better understand the barriers to a healthy food intake. Methodology: This is a secondary analysis conducted using data collected from participants (n = 1 602), aged between 67 and 84 years in the Quebec’s Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and successful aging (NuAge) that began in 2003 with follow-ups planned over the following five years [3]. The main goal of NuAge was to determine the role of nutrition in the achievement of successful aging. The data include nutritional, functional, social, medical and biological measurements. From a theoretical model of determinants of food intake in the elderly population, these data have been linked to food quality. This was determined by the Canadian adaptation of the Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) calculated from data of food and nutrition obtained by food frequency questionnaire administered to participants at T1 or their entry into the study. Results : The barriers that might inhibit food quality in women include a fragile emotional status and limited social functioning. What emerges as barriers of the C-HEI among men is an income considered insufficient to meet one’s needs, the use of dentures and eating at restaurant repeatedly. Surprisingly, the number of positive attitudes about nutrition and a higher score of the mental component of SF-36 are predictors of a lower C-HEI. The nature of self-reported responses could explain these results. Conclusion : The results of this research allow the better understanding of the barriers to healthy eating within a healthy community-dwelling elderly population. It is hoped that the results will contribute to the development of effective interventions targeting the older population to promote nutritional and optimal health.
NuAge Aging Older adults Diet Risk factors Nutrition surveys NuAge