La régulation autonome du myocarde et les performances cognitives sont-elles des outils valides de prévention du surentraînement ?
Overtraining syndrome usually occurs due to a high degree of stress, associated or not, the stress of training and a certain lack of rest and recovery. The demonstration of such a syndrome can have serious consequences both medically and socially and economically.It is therefore important to date to validate relevant prevention tools. Several theories have attempted to determine the advent of overtraining and extract valid prevention tools.Nevertheless, our knowledge on this subject are still patchy. Nevertheless, two lines of research would allow us to access non-invasive tools and accessible. Measures of autonomic regulation of the myocardium seem to be, from the very encouraging results of Grove et al (2008), tools very promising. Similarly, the use of cognitive performance could be very interesting tools in the prevention of overtraining (Nederhof et al. 2006, Dupuy et al. 2010). From a holistic perspective, the model of Thayer et al (2009), we would integrate the combined use of cognitive performance indices of heart rate variability. In a process of validation is also necessary to know the sensitivity of these techniques. Yet to date the reliability of the indices of parasympathetic reactivation; relatively new technique, are not known. Similarly, it is important to distinguish between acute fatigue induced by a workout and more chronic fatigue. If the relationship between acute fatigue and autonomic regulation of the myocardium are well known, the relationship with cognition, are relatively less clear. The first two studies in this thesis are therefore interested to know the reproducibility of indices of parasympathetic reactivation and effects of acute fatigue induced by exercise on cognition associated with the autonomous control of the heart. The results show that the indices of parasympathetic reactivation are moderately reproducible, requiring special attention on the standardization of measurements. Moreover, although fatigue induced by exercise, produce physiological disorders, cognitive performance appear relatively stable. After checking these points technological and methodological, it was interesting to test the effect of overload training on the tools used in order to assess their sensitivity to the effects of chronic fatigue. The results show both the value of using measures of heart rate variability and measures of parasympathetic reactivation. These two measures appear sensitive to changes in training load and to the fatigue of athletes. Equally interesting, cognitive performance also appear to us to prevent a state of intolerance in training. This thesis finds its legitimacy because it is a logical improvement of health and prevention of overtraining or even exceeded in athletes. The results of this thesis, we can provide new tools for prevention and recommendations for their use.
Overtraining Overreaching Prevention Cardiac autonomic control Cognitive perofmance