L’influence d’une surface nanoporeuse de titane sur l’activité de cellules ostéoblastiques
To improve the performance and integration of biomaterials in the host tissue, the focus is presently on exploiting nanotechnology approaches to produce biomaterials with bioactive surfaces. It is known that the cell-biomaterial interactions determine the response of the host tissue and therefore the success of implants. Topography is a key factor that influences the functional activity of cells; however, the mechanisms implicated remain unclear. Our group has exploited a simple chemical treatment to create unique nanoporous titanium surfaces that selectively influence cell behaviour and favor osteogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo. In this work, we have reduced treatment time in order to obtain a monoplanar nanostructured surface, and we have evaluated its influence on the formation of focal adhesions, filopodia, and on gene expression for different cell adhesion and signaling proteins by MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells. Commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) was treated with a mixture of H2SO4/H2O2 (50/50 v/v) for 1.5h. Characterization by high-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy characterization showed the formation of a nanoporous surface with a mean pore diameter of 20 ± 5 nm. Cells were cultured and plated on polished (control) and nanotextured discs for periods of 6, 24 and 72 hours. Immunofluorescence analysis of vinculin expression revealed the formation of more focal adhesions by cells seeded on nanostructured surfaces. Quantitative PCR likewise showed significant increase of gene expression for various focal adhesion markers, including paxillin, talin, and different integrins such as integrin α1, β1 and α5. As compared to controls, scanning electron microscopy of cells on the treated surface revealed the presence of more filopodia. These uniquely displayed very small lateral membrane protrusions between 10-15 nm that appeared to follow the walls of the nanopores. Together with the increase in focal adhesions, the abundance of filopodia and associated protrusions could contribute to the adhesive interaction with the surface and modify the nanoscale biomechanical relationships to trigger cellular cascades regulating cell proliferation.
Nanotopography Filopodia Focal adhesions Gene expression