Politiques migratoires restrictives et sécurité des réfugiés et des migrants : le cas de l’Italie
The significant media coverage of the “Mediterranean crisis” of 2015 has drawn the attention of the international community to the tragic consequences of migration crises and to the inertia of European states. Nonetheless, in 2018, the Italian government introduced the Salvini Decree, a restrictive migration policy aimed, among other things, at reducing the entry and presence of irregular migrants and refugees on its territory. The effects of restrictive migration policies on migratory flows are widely documented. However, the literature on the effects of these policies on irregular migration and on the safety of migrants and refugees remains embryonic. This literature argues that these policies favour the use of illegal entry channels, lead to the deepening of migrants and refugees into irregularity, increase their precariousness and make them more vulnerable to various forms of exploitation. In this regard, this research is based on a human security approach and examines the effects of the Salvini Decree on the vulnerability of refugees and migrants to human trafficking in Italy. Quantitative and qualitative data is here analyzed to better assess the migratory situation in Italy since 2013 as well as the impacts of the Decree-Law. The analysis establishes that the implementation of the Salvini Decree led to an increase of the vulnerability of migrants and refugees to Human trafficking in Italy. This is mainly due to the conversion of the Protection System for Asylum Seekers and Refugees (SPRAR) into the Protection System for International Protection Holders and Foreign Unaccompanied Minors (SIPROIMI).
Migrants SPRAR/SIPROIMI Refugees Migrants Restrictive migration policies Vulnerability Human trafficking Salvini Decree Italy Irregularity Human security