Effet des acides gras polyinsaturés EPA et DHA dans un modèle d’infarctus du myocarde
Several studies show that fatty acids (FA) Omega-3 are beneficial for cardiovascular health. A previous study in our laboratory has shown that omega-3 intake AG reduced the size of the myocardial infarction. However the question remains whether the two main omega-3 long chain eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are also effective in reducing infarct size. The purpose of this project is to determine the mechanisms by which one or other of the FA Omega-3 act to protect the myocardium. For this purpose, Sprague-Dawley adult male rats were fed for 14 days with diets comprising one of: 1- Any FA omega-3; 2- 5 mg EPA / kg diet; 3- 5 mg DHA / kg feed; 4- 2.5 mg of each omega-3 AG / kg diet; 5- 5 mg each AG omega-3 / kg of feed. Thereafter, the animals were subjected to ischemia for 40 minutes, caused by occlusion of the left coronary artery descending. At 24 hours of reperfusion, the infarct size is determined. In a subgroup of animals, the activity of caspase-3 and the activation levels of Akt are measured in the ischemic region to 30 minutes of reperfusion. And finally at 15 minutes of reperfusion, the opening of the permeability transition pore mitochondrial mPTP is determined. The results indicate that diets EPA or DHA significantly reduce the infarct size compared to the diet without FA omega-3 while the combination of two FA omega-3 did not show reduction of the infarct size. The activity of caspase-3 is reduced to the DHA group, then AKT activity is increased with EPA and DHA diets and DHA individually confers a resistance to the opening of the pore mPTP.  EPA and DHA are individually effective in reducing infarct size while the combination of 2 FA is not at low concentrations.
Inflammation Apoptose Omega-3 Myocardial infarction Caspase