Contexte mondial de développement de la recherche en pharmacogénomique et justice en santé mondiale
Stricking inequalities characterize the current global context in drug development and distribution, raising serious concerns of justice in global health. These global health issues result from political, social, economic, scientific and ethical factors, amongst which the development of new technologies can contribute to increased inequalities across and within populations. Pharmacogenomics knowledge and technologies, which couple genomics information with pharmaceutical drug response, have been promised to revolutionize both drug development and prescription worldwide. In this way, pharmacogenomic technologies promise to increase justice in global health, by incentivizing public research laboratories and pharmaceutical companies to develop drugs for populations (e.g., in low and middle-income countries) that have been neglected by the traditional drug development model. In this thesis, we conducted an evaluation of the potential that pharmacogenomic technologies hold towards increased health for populations of low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Our results demonstrate that, although these technologies hold promising potential for the health of LMIC populations, pharmacogenomics research has focused mostly on diseases prevalent in High-income countries. Pharmacogenomics research over the last decade has thus replicated the well-known 90/10 ratio in drug development and, as such, fails to contribute to reducing global health inequalities. We suggest that, in order to fulfill the promise of increased health for populations of LMIC, the roles and responsibilities of the various actors involved in global health (e.g. local governements, international organizations, and pharmaceutical companies) must be redesigned. We argue that rethinking these roles and responsibilities requires a decision Framework based on considerations of justice, equity and solidarity.
Justice globale Global health Global justice Pharmacogenomics Health inequalities Social responsibility