Rôle de la GTPase ARF6 dans l'invasion des cellules du muscle lisse vasculaire
In the pathological setting of atherosclerosis, vascular smooth muscle cells are characterized by an increased proliferation and migration. Stimulation of these cells with Angiotensin II (Ang II) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) usually promotes this abnormal migration. However, this phenotype alone is not sufficient for VSMCs to migrate through surrounding tissues and infiltrate the blood vessels’ intima. VSMCs must also be able to degrade extracellular matrix components and acquire the cellular structures necessary for invasion. The migration of VSMCs to the intima is responsible for the growth of the atherosclerotic plaque which leads to numerous complications. Preliminary data has shown that growth factors and hormones can cause the invasive phenotype of VSMCs. Our group has demonstrated that the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) could regulate the phenotypic remodeling of VSMCs and, by extension, their proliferative and migrative capacities. During this study, we will examine the importance of ARF6 in the formation of important invasive cellular structures as well as matrix metalloproteinases activation in human VSMCs. First, we have discovered and defined the connection between agonist stimulation and the activation of the small GTPase ARF6. We have also studied the impact of ARF6 depletion on cellular invasion following PDGF or Ang II stimulation. We have accomplished this using two methods commonly employed to analyze cellular invasion: Gelatine-based matrix degradation assays analyzed by microscopy and invasion assays on Matrigel in Boyden chambers. Lastly, we have tried to uncover the mechanistic behind this invasive phenotype observed in human VSMCs. To summarize, we have demonstrated the importance of ARF6 in growth factors and hormone-induced cellular invasion and we have hypothesized that this activity is mediated by the activation of the MAPK or PI3K signaling pathways. The further characterization of these cellular mechanisms could lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies in atherosclerosis.
ARF6 PDGF Invasion Smooth muscle cell Atherosclerosis Degradation