Homogénéisation biotique de la flore spontanée urbaine
Urbanization is recognized as an important driver of broad scale biotic homogenization. This study aim is to understand this relation at local scale while integrating concepts of community assembly.  Species plant composition was surveyed along three levels of local urbanization in four microhabitats (hedgerows, wall bases, maintained and unmaintained fences) and in one mesohabitat (wastelands) within Montréal and Québec cities. We compared species and functional richness as well as taxonomic and functional beta diversity among treatments (cities, local levels of urbanization, habitats). Our results did not support homogenization associated with urbanization at either large or local scales, as we did not find any convergence in plant composition between cities nor any change of beta diversity along the urbanization gradient within cities. However, the overall most urbanized city (Montréal) had lower beta diversity than the less urbanized one (Québec) while highly managed habitats were usually more homogeneous than the less managed ones. Finally, our results stress the need to establish conservation strategies of native flora in semi-natural habitats in urban areas since we demonstrated that native species in wastelands were functionally more diverse between cities than exotic species.
Biotic homogenization Exotic species Functional traits Habitats heterogeneity Multivariate dispersion Richness difference Spontaneous flora Wasteland