Étude des effets du facteur de croissance épidermique sur la neurogénèse après une irradiation
Patients with cancer receive different treatments such as radiotherapy (ionizing radiation) or chemotherapy. Currently about 60% of children surviving cancer are prone to the development of treatment-related delayed side effects, such as neurocognitive impairments. Given the prospect of psychomotor development of children and central nervous system (CNS) immaturity in these patients, it is especially relevant to study the adverse effects related to cognitive impairment caused by cancer treatments on this population of patients. Studies have shown the existence of close links between this delayed side effects and the abolition of neurogenesis caused mainly by irradiation. This masters degree project concerns the effects of epidermal growth factor, EGF (a growth factor involved in cell proliferation), on neurogenesis in the C57BL/6 mice, which drastically decrease after exposure to ionizing radiation. We also sought a vector of efficient secretion to allow continuous long-term secretion of EGF (2-4 weeks). Our hypothesis is that  EGF will stimulate neurogenesis and protect cells from apoptosis in the brain of mice following radiation. We have shown a positive effect of EGF on the formation and proliferation of young neurons Dcx (+) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) but not in the hippocampus (Hi) following EGF injection directly in the brain using an osmotic pump. We also observed that the increase of young neurons is independent of the ability of EGF to protect them from apoptosis. Moreover, EGF doesn’t protect leukemic human blasts after irradiation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) genetically engineered to secrete EGF did not stimulate neurogenesis when injected directly in the brain. Finally our results indicate that EGF could be a good candidate for the development of new therapies to treat the side effects that irradiation causes in the brain. The use of pumps to allow the administration of recombinant EGF in specific brain regions becomes very interesting. Indeed this delivery system is increasingly used and effective to help improve the quality of life of patients.
EGF MSC neurogenesis radiotherapy