Effets secondaires métaboliques de l’olanzapine dans la schizophrénie : variables cliniques, structurales et fonctionnelles
Atypical antipsychotics are first line treatment options for schizophrenia.  Nevertheless atypical antipsychotics, such as olanzapine, are associated with metabolic adverse effects: weight gain, dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance. Mechanisms underlying these side effects are still poorly understood. This thesis represents a study of the evolution of biometric (body weight, BMI, abdominal circumference), biological (lipid profile, fasting glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin) and clinical parameters (positive, negative and general symptoms of schizophrenia as well as eating behavior measures) in schizophrenia patients treated with olanzapine during 16 weeks. Healthy subjects and schizophrenia patients passed structural and functional magnetic resonance examinations (one examination for healthy controls and two examinations for schizophrenia patients, one at the beginning and one after 16 weeks of olanzapine treatment) in order to identify cerebral regions where grey matter volumes or activations could be associated with metabolic side effects mechanisms. Our results confirm that various metabolic adverse effects emerged in our sample of patients during the 16 weeks olanzapine treatment. Eating behavior changes have also been associated with specific metabolic changes. Many associations have been found between cerebral volumes (e.g. bilateral hippocampi and précunei and right orbitofrontal cortex) and metabolic changes. Moreover, cerebral activations differences between healthy controls and schizophrenia patients, that were increased following olanzapine treatment, were also described in the amygdala, cerebellum and insulas, suggesting that neuronal mechanisms were involved in the development of metabolic disorders associated with atypical antipsychotics.
olanzapine neuroimagerie schizophrenia side effects olanzapine antipsychotics appetite neuroimaging