L’influence de la vitesse d’administration de la cocaïne sur la consommation et motivation pour celle-ci, et l’influence d’un traitement antipsychotique sur la récompense conditionnée
Many people take drugs of abuse on a recreational or experimental basis in their lifetime, but few develop an addiction. We explored, in the rat, two factors involved in the transition to addiction: the speed at which the drug reaches the brain, and antipsychotic treatment. In the first study, our objective was to determine if increasing the speed of intra-venous (i.v.) delivery of cocaine (0.5 mg/kg) through i.v. self administration (delivered in 5 seconds in one group versus 90 seconds in the other) would lead to greater consumption with long access to the drug (6 hours/ day versus 1hr/day) and if the motivation to obtain the drug, as measured by a progressive ratio schedule would also be greater at a different speed (10 seconds). We have found that the 5 s group had a greater consumption than the 90 s group, in long access, but also in short access. However, the motivation of the two groups did not differ at the speed of 10 s, nor at their initial speeds. We suggest that this might be due to a form of plasticity of the mesocorticolimbic system, following the extended self-administration access, in both groups, in conjunction with the escalation in consumption, thus making it impossible to distinguish their motivation. In a second study series, we hypothesised that the typical antipsychotic, haloperidol (HAL, 0.5mg/kg/d), but not the atypical, aripiprazole (ARI, 1mg/kg/d), would increase the pursuit of conditioned reward (CR; here sound and tone) and locomotion (LOCO) in response to amphetamine (AMPH). We found an increase in the CR response, in the HAL group, but not the ARI group, three weeks, but not one week, post treatment, as well as an increase in the LOCO, in the HAL group, but not in the ARI group, one week but not three weeks post treatment. The incoherence of the results from the two tests (CR and LOCO) renders their interpretation difficult. These studies remain to be explored more thoroughly so as to obtain more enlightened conclusions as to the influence of speed of administration and antipsychotic treatment on addiction development.
Aripiprazole Addiction Self administration Cocaine Antipsychotics Typical Atypical Haloperidol Aripiprazole Conditioned reward