Variabilité individuelle de l'allocation fonctionnelle des régions cérébrales perceptives dans l'autisme
Background: An enhanced plasticity is suspected to play a role in various microstructural alterations, as well as in regional cortical reallocations observed in autism. Combined with multiple indications of enhanced perceptual functioning in autism, and indications of atypical motor functioning, enhanced plasticity predicts a superior variability in functional cortical allocation, predominant in perceptual and motor regions.  Method: To test this prediction, we scanned 23 high-functioning autistic and 22 typical participants matched on age, FSIQ, Raven scores and handedness during a visuo-motor imitation task. For each participant, the coordinates of the strongest activation peak were extracted in the primary (Brodmann Area 4) and supplementary (BA6) motor cortex, the visuomotor superior parietal cortex (BA7), and the primary (BA17) and associative (BA18+19) visual areas. Mean signal changes for each ROI in both hemispheres, and the number of voxels composing the strongest activation peak were individually extracted to compare intensity and size of the signal between groups. For each ROI, in each hemisphere, and for every participant, the distance from their respective group average was used as a variable of interest to determine group differences in localization variability using repeated measure ANOVAs. Between-group comparison of whole-brain activation was also performed. Results: Both groups displayed a higher mean variability in the localization of activations in the associative compared to the primary visual or motor areas. However, despite this shared increased variability in associative cortices, a direct between-group comparison of the individual variability in localization of the activation revealed a significantly greater variability in the autistic than in the typical group in the left visuo-motor superior parietal cortex (BA7) and in the left associative visual areas (BA18+19).  Conclusion: Different and possibly unique strategies are used by each autistic individual. That enhanced variability in localization of activations in the autistic group is found in regions typically more variable in non-autistics raises the possibility that autism involves an enhancement and/or an alteration of typical plasticity mechanisms.
Autism fMRI Cerebral Plasticity Primary Areas Associatives Areas