Chasseurs de bisons : apports de l’archéozoologie et de la biogéochimie isotopique à l’étude palethnographique et paléoéthologique du gisement épigravettien d’Amvrosievka (Ukraine)
Bison are one of the most abundant and widely distributed large mammals during the Late Pleistocene and are commonly found in archaeological sites. This large bovid is omnipresent in Palaeolithic faunal assemblages from the Southern Plains of Eastern Europe, where Palaeolithic economies are considered to specialise in bison hunting. Amvrosievka is a complex of Epigravettian sites, particularly rich in bison remains; thus, it provides a good context for verifying the applicability of this notion to the northern Black sea economies.  A synthesis of recent ethological analyses demonstrates the behavioural diversity of bison, linked mainly to local environmental variability, climatic conditions and population density. It was therefore necessary to reconstruct the behaviour of the steppe bison hunted at Amvrosievka before attempting to identify the acquisition strategies used. There are two distinct aspects to this research: an intra- and interindividual study of isotopic signatures – carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope ratios from enamel bioapatite; nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios from bone and dentin collagen –, and a palethnological analysis, based on the zooarchaeological study of the faunal remains. Aspects of steppe bison palaeoethology are identified that had a direct impact on the choice of hunting strategy and subsistence economy of the Epigravettian occupants of Amvrosievka: in particular, the non migratory behaviour of steppe bison is shown to have affected the seasonality of acquisition as well as hunting and butchering strategies developed by the Epigravettians. Finally, through a comparison of the faunal data from Amvrosievka with published records from other sites where bison is well represented in the archaeofaunal material, we discuss Prehistoric acquisition strategies and subsistence economies related to this emblematic species.
isotopes stables bison Archaeology Prehistory Zooarchaeology Biogeochemistry Stable isotopes Palethnography Palaeobiology bison intra and interindividual study hunting strategies