Étude des interactions protéiques impliquant NPM-MLF1 dans la leucémie myéloïde aiguë
Abstract Different genomic translocations are frequently associated with the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Genomic translocations can result in the fusion of two genes leading to the formation of a fusion protein. This is the case of the T (3; 5) (q25.1; q34) translocation that implicates the tumour suppressor NPM1 and the oncogene MLF1, giving rise to the fusion protein NPM-MLF1. Generally the genes implicated in these translocations control cell growth, differentiation and survival. However, for NPM-MLF1 the reasons behind the gain or loss of function associated with the translocation are still unknown as we still ignore how this translocation can enhance or take part in the AML development. The goal of my master degree project was to analyse in part the role of NPM-MLF1 in cancer and to examine how its activity can contribute in leukemia through protein/protein interaction assays. The usual study of a protein function implicates the investigation of interacting partners. For this purpose, we used the yeast AH109 to conduct a two-hybrid screen assay. The MLF1, MLF1-Like (amino acid 94 to 157 of MLF1), NPM1 and NPM-MLF1 cDNAs, normal and mutated in the MTG8-Like domain from the amino acid (a.a.) 151 to 164 of MLF1 (with the exception of NPM1) were cloned into the yeast expression vector pGBKT7. The GFI-1, mSin3A, PLZF, HDAC1 and HDA3 cDNAs were cloned into the vector pGADT7. These clones were developed to creat synthetic fusion proteins with the DNA binding or trans-activation domain(s) of the protein Gal4. The pGBKT7 vector contains the TRP1 gene and the pGADT7 the LEU2 gene. These genes were used for the selection of the yeast clones transformed with the plasmids mentioned above. In addition, the pGBKT7 vector has c-myc-tag and the PGADT7 vector the HA-tag allowing the assessment of protein expression through Western Blot analysis. After yeast transformation, the protein/protein interaction were studied while verifying the expression of the reporter genes HIS, LacZ, MEL1, ADE while using the following selective medias YPD/-Leu/-Trp, YPD/-Leu/-Trp/-His, YPD/-Leu/-Trp/-His/-Ade, YPD/-Leu/-Trp/+ X-Gal, YPD/-Leu/-Trp/ + X-α-Gal. The interactions determined by the two-hybrid screening were verified in the erythroleukemic cells K562 using immuno-precipitation (IP) of the proteins followed by western blot using the appropriate antibodies. To achieve this, NPM-MLF1, MLF1, ETO, MLF1-Like cDNAs were cloned into the pOZ-FH-N vector that possess an IL2 receptor, which allows the selection of the positive transformed clones in the cell and a Flag-HA tag that permit the verification of protein expression through Western-blot. The two-hybrid screen results suggest that NPM-MLF1 interacts with HDAC1, HDAC3, PLZF, GFI and mSin3A. NPM interacts with GFI-1 and mSin3A. This has not been yet verified using the IP method. As in the case of MLF1, MLF1-Like interacts with HDAC1, HDAC3, GFI-1 and PLZF. However, no interaction was observed with Sin3A. The IP experiments suggest that NPM-MLF1 interacts with HDAC1, HDAC3, mSin3A and PLZF. MLF1 and MLF1-Like interact with HDAC1, HDAC3 and mSin3A. The interaction of NPM-MLF1 with GFI1 as well as MLF1 and MLF1-Like with PLZF and GFI-1 are not yet verified by IP. Therefore, our observations led to the suggestion that NPM-MLF1, MLF1 and NPM can play a role in the transcription and the regulation of the expression of certain genes that are important for hematopoiesis and a variety through the determination of the protein partners of MLF1, NPM and NPM-MLF1, their functions and how NPM-MLF1 influence/modify the normal cellular function, and by focusing on this study, it might become possible to reverse the AML process that is by the t(3;5) NPM-MLF1 while using the RNA interference technology.
NPM-MLF1 Translocation t (3; 5) (q25.1; q 34) Cloning immuno-precipitation (IP) Two-hybrid translocation t (3; 5) (q25.1; q 34) NPM-MLF1 interactions protein/protein yeast AH109 erytroleucemic cells K562