Le retour des réfugiés et des personnes déplacées dans le cadre de la consolidation de la paix : les cas de la Croatie et de la Bosnie-Herzégovine
The work addresses the question of the return of the refugees and the displaced persons in Croatia and in Bosnia-Herzegovina, within the framework of the operations of peacebuilding, which took place in the region. Indeed, the reinstatement of the populations in their place of origin was presented as one of the priorities, by the international community and as the ideal solution to encourage the reconciliation in the region and to restore the ethnic diversity. However, the respective balance assessments of the former two republics towards the return of minorities present significant differences. The internal factors on which stumbled the processes of return in both countries were appreciably the same. In these conditions, the determining variable seems to have been located in the nature of the international interventions, which was deployed in Bosnia- Herzegovina and in Croatia. Altogether, Bosnia-Herzegovina benefited, on behalf of the diverse international actors, of an attention much more supported in this respect than Croatia. Therefore, Bosnia saw itself granted considerably more financial, logistic and diplomatic resources to propel the return of ethnic minorities considerably than Croatia. This observation highlights the inconsistency of the international rhetoric which defends principles associated with the defense of human rights, pluralism and multiethnicity but which the concrete application collides with the domestics imperative of the involved countries and with the other requirements related to the post-conflict reconstruction obligations.
Intervention internationale Bosnia-Herzegovina Croatia Refugee return Displacement Peacebuilding International intervention