L'ésotérisme de la dramaturgie platonicienne : un regard sur le Banquet et le Phédon
The present work has as its main focus Plato's dramaturgy in the Symposium and the Phaedo. The former studies both Alcibiades' speech and the epilogue whilst paralleling some of their elements with relevant passages from the Republic and the Seventh Letter. In doing so, it reveals an instance of Socratic withholding of information - as understood by the platonic school of Tübingen and Milan - and sheds light upon the existence of a set of unwritten doctrines philosophically higher than the ones contained in the dialogues. On the basis of these conclusions, I come to discern a hermeneutics in the epilogue according to which there are three hierarchical levels of comprehension to Plato's dialogues: exteriority, interiority of and oral philosophy - said three levels being symbolised by the comic poet Aristophanes, the tragic poet Agathon and the philosopher Socrates. The exegetic essay on the Phaedo revolves around Socrates' last will, which comes at the end of a ''dramatic'' sequence exceeding the bounds of the discursive philosophy that seeks to prove the immortality of the soul during the major part of the dialogue. By aiming at this sequence as well as at the introduction, one comes to see that comedy carries the mandate of counterbalancing tragedy in order to overcome the philosophically reprehensible emotions it fosters. Whilst contrasting tragedy and comedy, Socrates' last words fulfill, on a mimetic level, a paraenetic design, insofar as they invite the Athenian reader, indeed every reader, to philosophically overcome common places in regards to death.
Platon Plato Symposium Phaedo Dramaturgy Philosophy Esoterism Orality Poetry Comedy Tragedy