Mutations du gène HFE dans le cancer épithélial de l'ovaire
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most aggressive gynecological cancer with the highest mortality rates. Growth of the ovarian cancer cells is limited by nutrients in the environment; iron being one of the elements essential to their proliferation. Hereditary hemochromatosis is a disease associated with an accumulation of body iron, and is linked to two mutations of the HFE gene including C282Y and H63D. Given the influence of HFE protein on the entry of iron in the cell, mutations in the HFE gene may be associated with rapid growth of cancer cells. By genotyping the HFE gene of 526 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, we have found that the allelic frequency of the C282Y mutation is significantly higher in patients with ovarian cancer compared to patients in the control group (5.9% versus 1.3% p = 0.02). Moreover, the 2-year survival rate, of patients with C282Y mutations and G3 ovarian tumor, is low (20%) when compared to patients without mutations (60%, p = 0.005). A multivariate survival analysis, using Cox’s regression model, also showed a hazard ratio value of 3.1,suggesting that patients with the C282Y mutation are 3 times more likely to have a poor survival (p =0.001). As well, correlation studies have demonstrated that serum ferritin levels were higher in patients with advanced grade of ovarian cancer (r = 0.445 and p = 0.00001), suggesting that this iron parameter could serve as a tumor marker for assessing the progression of ovarian cancer. In order to investigate these findings, we first studied the influence of HFE mutations on cancer cells. The ovarian cancer cell line TOV-112D, homozygous for the C282Y mutation, was transfected with the HFEwt and HFEC282Y vector, and although there were no differences in total TfR levels, FACS analysis demonstrated an iron deficient phenotype for the HFEwt stable clones (p<0.05). In vitro,restoration of the HFE protein, in the TOV-112D ovarian cancer cell line, does not influence cell growth. We then studied the influence of iron levels on tumor progression. A preliminary in vivo experiment has demonstrated a tendency to a higher tumor volume in a mouse model of iron overload,HfeRag1-/-. Furthermore, HfeRag1-/- mice that were injected with the ovarian cancer cell line TOV-21G showed significant lower serum iron levels compared to their controls (SI 40±7μM versus 27±6μM, p = 0.001). In conclusion, more studies are required to further understand the role of HFE mutations on tumor progression. Higher iron levels may confer tumor cells to be drug resistant or increase toxicity and thus, may contribute to a bad prognostic.
Fer HFE Mutations C282Y HfeRag1-/- Ovarian Cancer Iron HFE Mutations Proliferation C282Y Tumor marker Ferritin HfeRag1-/-