Caractérisation clinique et génétique d’une famille canadienne-française atteinte de la neuropathie héréditaire sensitive avec rétinite pigmentaire et ataxie
Hereditary neuropathies study’s complexity comes from their clinical and genetic heterogeneity and the peripheral nerves fibers’ diversity. This complexity leads to numerous different classifications. Hereditary neuropathies are classified based on the transmission mode and the sensitive, autonomic and motor affection. Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSAN) present themselves with members’ distal loss and other manifestations depending on the HSAN type. HSAN study can be facilitated when there are existing family grapes originating from Quebec regions where recessive diseases founder effects have been identified. We have recruited a large French-Canadian family originating from Paspébiac in the Baie-des-Chaleurs in which we have identified four cases affected by a hereditary sensory neuropathy with retinitis pigmentosa and ataxia (HSNRPA). We have hypothesized that we were in presence of a new form of recessive hereditary sensitive neuropathy with founder effect. In order to identify the HSNRPA causing mutated gene chromosomal position, we first completed a genome wide scan by genotyping microsatellite single tandem repeat (STR) markers on informative individuals and we have then proceeded to a parametric genetic linkage analysis. These studies allowed us to link this family to chromosome 1 and define a first candidate interval of 6.7 Mb. Second to the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers genotyping, we have reduced the candidate interval at 5.3 Mb on locus 1q32.2-q32.3. This region contains 44 genes. A finer literature review made us realize that a Spanish family and an American from Dutch origin suffering from the same disease had already been linked to the same locus. The possible Gaspesian family’s Basque origins brought us to compare their carrier haplotype with the Spanish family’s, although Gypsy but coming from the Spanish Basque country. This work has demonstrated a shared region of 203 kb. In order to further refine our candidate interval, we have compared the haplotypes of the cases between the two families and we have identified a last candidate interval of 60 SNP at locus 1q32.3. This region contains only four candidate genes, the activating transcription factor (ATF3) gene being the most interesting one. Until today, no mutation has been found in the ATF3 gene and in the FAM71A, BATF3 and NSL1 genes. Further experiments will be necessary in order to identify the HSNRPA causing mutated gene.
Sensory hereditary neuropathy retinitis pigmentosa founder effect ataxia genome-wide scan homozygosity mapping identity by descent