Rôle des protéines ERM au cours de la morphogenèse cellulaire
Cell morphogenesis represents the set of events that dictate the shape and structure of a cell. These morphological changes are important for many vital mechanisms such as embryonic development, inflammatory response, or wound healing. Cell morphogenesis depends mainly on the remodeling of the cell cytoskeleton which forms the framework of the cell when associated with the plasma membrane. Ezrin, radixin and moesin belong to the ERM family and crosslink the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules. Therefore, ERMs are involved in various fundamental processes requiring remodeling of the cell cortex such as mitosis and migration. In a pathological context, overexpression and/or overactivation of ERMs correlate with high metastatic potential and poor prognosis in patients. Thus, a better understanding of the regulation of these three proteins could help in the development of new therapeutic solutions. The aim of my PhD work was to identify and characterize novel signaling pathways regulating ERMs. In a first step (i), I participated in the development and characterization of BRET2 biosensors allowing to follow the activity of each ERM protein in real time. These BRET2 biosensors are compatible with large-scale studies which will allow us to perform genomic and chemical screens to identify, respectively, new upstream regulators and pharmacological inhibitors of ERMs. Secondly (ii), based on BRET2-chemical screen, we identified microtubules as new negative regulators of ERMs. We then showed that depolymerization of interphase microtubules at mitosis entry triggers ERM activation and cell rounding. Finally (iii), we showed that the G protein-coupled receptor TPα regulates the activity of ERMs in triple negative breast cancer cells. This regulation is important for the motility of these cells. To conclude, in addition to having developed new tools useful for large-scale studies, my PhD work has uncovered two new signaling pathways regulating ERMs during mitosis and cell motility. In addition to providing new information on a fundamental aspect, my work has provided new insights into the roles of ERMs in the development of metastasis.
BRET2 ERM proteins cell morphogenesis mitosis cell migration metastasis