Epicurus’ Apolitical Attitude
Epicurus’ advice to avoid political participation has been the object of a number of confusing and sometimes ungrounded interpretations. Based on Pierre Hadot’s view that ancient philosophy was fundamentally rooted in existence, and that philosophical doctrines were only important insofar as they assisted a praxis, the apolitical attitude cannot be understood merely as a lack of interest and concern for politics. On the contrary, Epicurus’ attitude was rooted in a refusal to live the way of life prescribed by the political establishment. For him, traditional politics failed at making the life of citizens better on account of their excessive lust for power and wealth. In response to this situation, Epicurus’ project was aimed at creating a community in which it was possible to develop new values and live by them. Had the Epicurean community participated politically, being in direct opposition to the most fundamental ways of life of the city, it would have involved a great deal of hostility from partisans of traditional values. Thus, Epicurus’ attitude may be justified first as a means to avoid political persecution. Second, since politics implied a significant amount of struggle for power, its pursuit clearly went against the prescribed undisturbed life of Epicureanism. At any rate, regardless of these two motives to avoid political participation, it is clear that if Epicurus’ attitude had not been politically inspired then his criticism of political life, his avoidance of it, and the creation of an alternative community would have never taken place. Politics has the power of shaping the life of people in profound ways. Seeing how this conditioning was based on unhealthy values, Epicurus’ project, therefore, was to reshape anew, under the light of new values, the life of those who did not find satisfaction in the way of life of the city.
epicure philosophy epicurus apolitical political