Étude de l’impact de la grossesse sur l’hépatite auto-immune dans un modèle expérimental murin
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a disease of unknown aetiology, characterized by a progressive destruction of the hepatic parenchyma by the immune system. Women are predominantly affected by AIH, with a prevalence of 75% in type 1 AIH and 90% in type 2. Improvement of treatments to control liver inflammation has contributed to increase the number of pregnant patients. During pregnancy, a spontaneous, but temporary, remission of the disease has been observed in women with AIH, often followed by post-partum relapse. Currently, this phenomenon is not fully understood. Thus, we aim to study the mechanisms responsible for the pregnancy-related remission and post-partum relapses in a murine model of AIH developed in our laboratory. Xenoimmunization of C57BL/6 mice with the antigens recognized by autoreactive cells of type 2 AIH patients results in a loss of tolerance, with clinical and biochemical features of AIH similar to those observed in patients. For this study, xenoimmunized mice were mated and sacrificed at the beginning of the 3rd week of gestation or 2-3 weeks post-partum, and liver disease was evaluated at that time as well as the immune response. As it occurs in women with AIH, pregnancy induces a remission of the disease in our murin model. Pregnant mice show a decrease of liver inflammation, ALT levels and circulating autoantibodies. The mice did not show any sign of relapse during the post-partum period. Our analysis of cellular populations with regulatory properties (regulatory T cells and IL-10 secreting B cells) revealed an increase of hepatic Tregs during pregnancy, which suggests an implication of those cells in the remission. Those Tregs infiltrating the liver are mainly originated from the thymus and do not seem to be recruited to the liver in response to inflammation. Although a switch towards a TH2 response is known to occur during pregnancy, this phenomenon does not seem to be implicated in the remission of AIH in our murine model. A better understanding of the natural immunosuppression occurring during pregnancy could bring important knowledge to design new and improved therapy for AIH.
Gestation Post-partum Hormones Autoimmunity Immune tolerance Autoimmune hepatitis Liver Pregnancy Fetus Regulatory T cells