Caractérisation de deux familles de pharmacogènes, les gènes CYP3A et CYP4F
Cytochromes P450 (CYP450) are hemoproteins generally involved in the detoxification of the body of xenobiotic molecules and participate in the metabolism of many drugs. Genetic polymorphisms have been found to impact drugs responses and metabolic functions.  However, genes encoding CYP450 proteins are often under-analyzed in large-scale genomic studies because the difficulty of analysis due to of their high rate of polymorphism. In this study, we investigate the genetic diversity for CYP450 genes. We found that two clusters, CYP3A and CYP4F, are notably differentiated across human populations with evidence for selective pressures acting on both clusters. The CYP3A subfamily metabolizes approximately 50\% of drugs while CYP4F enzymes are involved in the metabolism of endogenous compounds, nutrients and drugs. Indeed, we found signals of recent positive selection in CYP3A and CYP4F genes and signals of balancing selection in CYP4F genes. Futhermore, unusual linkage disequilibrium is detected in both cluster, suggesting co-evolution. eQTLs were also found in both clusters which indicate co-regulation and epistasis.
Cytochromes P450 CYP3A CYP4F Population genetics Bioinformatics Genomics Transcriptomics