Analyse génétique de la fonction du gène Polycomb Bmi1 dans le développement et la survie des photorécepteurs chez la souris
The retina is composed of several types of neurons such as amacrin, ganglion, bipolar and photoreceptor cells. Photoreceptors, which include cones and rods, are highly specialized neurons that convert light into electrical signals by phototransduction. The molecular mechanisms involved in differentiation of retinal progenitors (RPCs) into specialized neurons such as photoreceptors are poorly understood. The polycomb gene Bmi1 is a member of the Polycomb gene family that forms multimeric complexes involved in chromatin remodeling leading to gene repression. Biological functions of Bmi1 include regulation of cell proliferation, free radical metabolism, and DNA repair. Recently, it was shown that Bmi1 plays a critical role in the proliferation and self-renewal of a specific immature RPC group. Moreover Bmi1 is essential for post-natal retinal development. The objective of the current study is to analyze Bmi1 function in photoreceptor development and survival. Our results show that Bmi1 deficiency in mice causes degeneration of cone photoreceptors, but not of rods. Furthermore, Bmi1 is predominantly expressed in cones. Experiments using primary retinal cell cultures suggest a cell-autonomous phenotype. In addition, codeletion of Bmi1 and the critical DNA damage response protein Chk2 resulted in partial rescue and slow-down of cone degeneration. Bmi1-/- and Bmi1-/-Chk2-/- retinas also exhibit an important increase in oxidative DNA damage, suggesting that cellular redox state could play an important role in cone survival. Our studies on the role of Bmi1 in photoreceptors elucidate the mechanisms contributing to cone survival, and could lead to the development of new treatments for cone degenerative diseases.
Retina Photoreceptors Survival Degeneration Polycomb gene Bmi1 Cone