Deux mères, un donneur et des enfants : une reconfiguration des rôles familiaux?
It is generally acknowledged that today’s families come in a wide variety of forms. Reconstituted families, new reproductive technologies, international adoption and same-sex parents have become such a fixture in our social landscape that they are no longer surprising. The common characteristic of all these types of families is that they challenge the relationship between a couple’s sexuality and reproduction by introducing other people into the process of conceiving or educating children. In spite of the diversity of contemporary family structures, however, a certain representation of the family persists based on the blood relationship between its various members: a child’s “real” parents are still considered to be his or her biological parents (Déchaux, 2007; Deliège, 2005; Fine, 2010). There is also an emerging discourse centred on the importance of the father in a child’s development and well-being, to the extent that the absence of a father in the family home is increasingly conceptualized as a major social problem (Kelly, 2008). Research shows that father involvement benefits children as well as their mother and father. Of particular interest in this context are lesbian-parented families whose children were conceived by a known donor. The objective of this thesis is to better understand the role of the donor in lesbian-parented families—what place the mothers allow the donor in their parenting project. To better understand how this role is currently evolving, we interviewed nine lesbian couples and the nine donors who participated in their parenting project. The results show that the donors are involved to varying degrees, depending on the extent to which the child’s mothers have adopted or distanced themselves from the traditional nuclear family model.
Lesbian-parented families Known donor Social representations Parenthood Kinship Fatherhood