La métaphore vacante : concurrence des images entre 1929 et 1936 : photographie, surréalisme, revue, publicité
This thesis in visual history revisits Surrealist photography from interwar Paris in order to demonstrate the role of periodicals and advertising as agents (dispositifs) of photographic production and dissemination between 1929 and 1936. During a period which I refer to as the “second birth of photography,” I identify a previously overlooked relationship between the dissemination strategies used for photography in periodicals produced in the Surrealist context and the logics of the spectacle that governed the intensified circulation of images through print media. To explore this relationship, I draw upon the concept of competition (concurrence), which I elaborate by way of a pragmatic and energetic approach inspired by theories of the “iconic turn” (such as W. J. T. Mitchell’s), by Jean-François Lyotard’s idea of the dispositif, and by intermedial studies of the kind practiced by the Centre de Recherches sur l’Intermédialité (arts, lettres, techniques).  Adopting the tenets of microhistory, this thesis is structured around a series of case studies involving varied configurations between photography, Surrealism, the periodical and advertising. I offer close readings of the Surrealist periodical Le Surréalisme au service de la révolution (1930–1933), the first publication years of Minotaure (1933–1935), as well as the Électricité portfolio (1931), an advertising commission completed by Man Ray, and the advertising projects for Pétrole Hahn (1933–1935) produced by the Kéfer-Dora Maar studio. My analysis of this carefully chosen body of works sheds new light on the medial relations shaping the vitality of photographic images in the context of an intense visual proliferation. By proposing new conceptual tools to interpret visual sequences and image circulation, the thesis contributes to current conversations in visual studies regarding periodicals and the dissemination of photographs. The history of Surrealist photography I offer, with its novel concern for the energetics of images, also demonstrates the value of continuing to re-evaluate historical avant-gardes in the light of methodological innovations.
Photography Surréalisme Surrealism Advertising Periodical Intermédialité Intermediality Iconic turn Visual history Dispositif Man Ray