Impact de l’expression de l’isoforme p35 de la chaîne invariante humaine chez des souris déficientes en CD74 endogène
The invariant chain (Ii; CD74) is a type II membrane protein which plays a key role in antigen presentation as well as acting as a receptor for the cytokine MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor). In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Ii assists the folding of MHC II and prevents the loading of nascent polypeptides in the peptide-binding groove. Di-leucine-like motifs contained in the Ii cytoplasmic tail target the MHC II-Ii complexes in the endocytic pathway. Once in low pH-endosomes, Ii is degraded allowing the binding of a high affinity peptide which is then presented on cell surface to CD4+ T cells. In Ii deficient mice, MHC II displays a “floppy” conformation typical of empty molecules or is loosely bound with peptides. The transport is aberrant leading to decreased surface expression of MHC II and defective antigenic presentation. Also, the lack of Ii restricts the peptide repertoire and impairs thymic selection of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, Ii regulates B cells maturation and Ii deficient mice display reduced numbers of mature follicular B cells (FO). The human minor p35 isoform (Iip35) does not exist in mice and displays a 16 amino acids N-terminal cytoplasmic extension containing a di-arginine (R-x-R) motif causing ER retention and acting as dominant in heterotrimeric complexes with Iip33. Upon binding to MHC II, the retention motif is masked, which allows the complexes to egress from the ER.  The physiological role of the R-x-R motif is poorly understood. To shed light on Iip35 function, we generated transgenic mice expressing Iip35 and analyzed the conformation and traffic of MHC II, the thymic selection and the development of B cells as well as the antigenic presentation.  Our results showed that Iip35 generates an MHC II in the right conformation and increases MHC II surface expression. Also, Iip35 targets MHC II into endosomes where high affinity peptides bind to the groove. We also showed that Iip35 diversifies the peptide repertoire and fully restores thymic selection of CD4+ T cells as well as the TCR levels on these cells. Then, Iip35 ensures presentation of the Ii-dependent antigen ovalbumin but does not totally rescue the presentation of superantigens. Interestingly, thymic selection of the iNKT cells is fully restored showing that Iip35 assists with lipids presentation by CD1d. Finally, Iip35 allows B cells to develope into FO B cells but does not support marginal zone (MZ) B cells maturation. This result suggests that MIF stimulation is not a prerequisite for FO B cells development. Altogether, these results showed that Iip35 is functional and has most of the CD74 functions. However, it cannot replace the endogenous Ii regarding the MZ B cells maturation suggesting that Iip35 could have regulatory functions by modulating the development of some cells.
Iip35 CD74 MHC II Antigenic presentation Invariant chain