Examen des liens entre les comportements de soutien affectif maternel et les profils d'apprentissage en contexte de prise de décisions affectives chez les enfants de 48 mois
Research suggests that the quality of mother-child interactions play a role in the development of executive functioning (EF) during the preschool years. Most studies have examined cool EF, which represent general decision-making abilities during problem solving activities. The present study is concerned with hot EF, which is typically elicited by problem solving situations that require emotional regulation. Hot EF plays a role in affective decision-making (ADM). Prior research on ADM has examined its relation to sex, age, and neurological factors. Studies have not examined whether mother-child interactions play a role in the development of ADM ability. Thus, the importance of proximal environmental factors such as maternal responsiveness remains to be examined. The present study first examines the main effect of the quality of maternal responsiveness on the ADM ability. Second, the effect of sex and the interaction between the quality of maternal responsiveness and learning profiles of 48-month-old children were examined. Finally, this study also examines whether there were differences between the maternal responsiveness of children who abandoned the ADM test and those who completed the task. A subsample of 191 children (109 girls and 82 boys) and their mothers participated in a lab visit as part of the Pilot-Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (P-QLSCD, Quebec Health, 1997).  Children completed several activities both individually and with their mothers. ADM was evaluated using the Children’s Gambling Task (CGT, Kerr & Zelazo, 2001). Maternal responsiveness was assessed using the MacArthur Story-Stem Battery (MSSB , Bretherton, Oppenheim, Buchsbaum, Emde & the MacArthur Narrative Group, 1990) and the Affective climate coding scheme (Boutin, Parent, et Lapalme-L’Heureux, 1998). Results revealed no significant principal effect between the quality of maternal responsiveness and ADM ability but a significant interaction between the quality of maternal responsiveness and child learning profiles. However, this interaction was only significant for boys. Boys who received medium to high levels of responsiveness showed better learning profiles during hot EF tasks than those who received low levels of responsiveness. In addition, children who abandoned the experiment (N=26) received lower scores on maternal responsiveness than those who completed the task. The present results suggest that high quality mother-child interactions are important for the development of cognitive processing in emotional contexts.
Executive function Affective decision-making Learning Maternal warm responsiveness Gender Preschool years