Équité et efficacité en éducation : regards croisés France/Québec
Our study aims at comparing French and English education systems regarding equity and efficiency. This research is based on an empirical literature review of studies conducted in France and Quebec. We focused on equality of treatment for students whatever their socioeconomic and cultural background. The study reveals that there is more inequity in the French education system than in the Quebec one. However, the results of the study show similarities on both systems with regard to hidden processes of discrimination (unequal treatment of the pupils, unequal access to the different programs) witch benefit students from upper social classes, notwithstanding the official discourse which pretends to fight against inequalities. Indeed, the achievement gap between the pupils is not only related to their socioeconomic background or their skills: the educational system itself produces inequalities. Moreover, the unequal treatment of the pupils reinforces the achievement gap between those from lower social classes and the others. Finally, the study reveals the importance of school mix for the academic achievement. Indeed, the fact that school inequalities are higher in France than in Quebec, could be due to the higher level of social and ethnic segregation in French schools.
Analyse comparative France/Québec Educational efficiency Educational equity Equal opportunities School equal treatment School in/equalities Un/equality of treatment French education system Quebec education system Comparative analysis Quebec/France Academic achievement