Foliar spectra accurately distinguish the invasive common reed from co-occurring plant species throughout a growing season
Invasive plant species are one of the main drivers of biodiversity change in terrestrial ecosystems. Accurate detection of exotic species is critical to monitor on-going invasions and early detection of incipient invasions is necessary to prevent further spread. At present, surveillance methods of biological invasions allow to track the spread of invaders across geographic ranges, but less attention has been given to invasive species monitoring across time. Remote sensing platforms, capable of providing detailed information on foliar trait variations across time and space, are uniquely positioned for monitoring invasive plants in real time. Temporal changes in foliar traits are expressed in a species spectral profile through specific absorption features related to variation in photosynthetic pigments and chemical constituents driven by phenology. Thus, variations in a plant’s spectral response can be used to improve the identification of individual species. One of Canada’s most problematic invaders is the common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel subspecies australis, whose spread threatens biodiversity in wetland ecosystems in North America. Determining the time of year when the invader is spectrally and functionally more distinct from other plants in the community would be central to better management of common reed. To do so, we collected a time-series of foliar traits and high-resolution leaf spectral data over the course of a growing season at Boucherville, Quebec, Canada, to determine the spectral separability of the invader from co-occurring species and how its detection varies over time. Our results revealed that leaf-level spectroscopy distinguished Phragmites and co-occurring species with > 95% accuracy throughout the growing season – a promising result for the future remote detection of invasive plant species.
Leaf spectroscopy Invasive plant species Phragmites Phenology Wetlands