Résilience des populations rurales javanaises face à la transition agraire : désagrarianisation, migrations et entrepreneuriat
Java island is part of the most densely populated regions of the world. During the second half of the twentieth century, the Indonesian government established transmigration policies aiming to lower the demographic pressure on the main island. But the intentions behind those policies were various, including the aim to provide cheap labor for the agribusiness to encourage their settlement on the islands surrounding Java. The agrarian transition valued the establishment of large scale intensive agriculture. This contributed to the progressive exclusion of javanese peasants in agricultural production systems, generating a change of values and aspirations inside rural communities. The agrarian transition thus contributed to emphasize the deagrarianization of javanese rural communities, engendering a great surplus of labor on the countryside following the green revolution which took place in the 1970’s. The emergence of entrepreneurship and the migration of workers are amongst the economic resilience strategies developed by javanese peasants to cope with the impacts of the agrarian transition. Remittances resulting from those migrations contribute to the survival of multiple rural communities, in which many members spend most of their time outside the village.
java transmigration migration entrepreneuriat agrarian transition green revolution indonesia resilience deagrarianization remittances entrepreneurship