Le braconnage dans le Parc national de l'île de La Réunion
Wildlife and flora of Reunion Island is characterized by a high level of endemism. The surface covered by forests accounts for almost one-third of the island. Theses exceptional conditions explain the creation of the “Parc national de La Réunion”. In protected areas of the national park, poaching is becoming a major concern for local and regional actors. As a matter of fact, many poached species are threatened and the damages caused by the poachers are visible throughout the Reunion landscape. The purpose of this research is to answer a major question: How does poaching take place (motivations, frequency, techniques, and places) in the “Parc national” and what are the reactions of the various actors? The methodology chosen in this study combines an exploratory approach and a case study analysis. A field research was carried out and data were collected by a literature search, interviews (exploratory, semi-structured, individual not structured) as well as by a literary analysis. The results of this study show that poaching is a firmly rooted tradition in the Reunion culture and a consequence of the economic context. Our analysis has identified two major categories of poachers: occasional poachers and professional poachers. Occasional poaching is widespread in the population because this activity is bound to traditions. Professional poaching, which refers to a systematic withdrawal of natural resources for money considerations, is the business of a small number of poachers. The damages caused by professional poachers are however more important than those linked to occasional poaching. In this analysis, we have enumerated and examined the methods used by the different actors associated with poaching. Punching vanilla plants and marking tangues are methods which have proven their efficiency. Other methods such as denouncement and educational visits will have to be further explored. However, re-educational meetings for the poachers as well as the sale of hunting licenses are currently not considered effective.                                               During this research, we also have collected recommendations in order to improve the dynamics between the different actors involved in the poaching issue.
Parc national de La Réunion Reunion Island Poaching Parc national de La Réunion