Stress oxydatif, fonction mitochondriale et maladie inflammatoire de l'intestin
Background: Although mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are key mechanisms in various pathological conditions, they have not been extensively studied in the gastrointestinal tract, which is known to be constantly exposed to luminal oxidants from ingested foods and pathogens. Key among these is the simultaneous ingestion of iron salts and ascorbic acid, which can cause oxidative damage to macromolecules. The protein ‘’Nuclear factorerythroid 2- related factor’’ (Nrf2) is an important redox-sensitive transcription factor, which protects against oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant and detoxifying genes through binding with antioxidant response element (ARE). Many of Nrf2 antioxidant protective and anti-inflammatory functions have been established in various cells and tissues. However, limited information is available on its role in the gastrointestinal tract. Objectives: The objectives are to evaluate how iron-ascorbate (FE/ASC)-mediated lipid peroxidation affects mitochondrion functioning in Caco-2/15 cells, and to mechanistically determine the role of Nrf2. Methods: Caco2/15 cells were treated with 0.2mm/2mm of FE/ASC to induce oxidative stress. To increase Nrf2 expression, cultured Caco2/15 cells were pre-treated with 50 μM Olitpraz (OPZ). To down regulate the Nrf2 function, Nrf2 gene was knocked down by transfecting Caco-2/15 cells with a pGFP-RS lentiviral vector containing shRNA against Nrf2. 4 RESULTS: Our results show that the treatment of Caco-2/15 cells with FE/ASC (0.2 mm/2 mm): increased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress; reduced ATP production; raised mitochondrial calcium content; regulated the protein expression of cytochrome C and apoptotic inducing factor (AIF); decreased mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, III and IV activity; prevented mtDNA damage as illustrated by the raised levels of 8-OHdG; lowered DNA Glycosylase, and altered the gene expression and protein mass of mitochondrial transcription factors (mtTFA, mtTFB1, mtTFB2). Furthermore, our observations indicate that the induction and activation of Nrf2 in Caco2/15 cells resulted in an augmentated endogenous antioxidants enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), a reduction of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFκβ) and Tumor Necrosis Factor- Alpha (TNF-α), an increase in the ATP production, mitochondrial respiratory complexes (I, II, III, VI), PGC1α , and a regulation of the mitochondrial Prohibitin, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, and Occludin level. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that acute exposure of Caco-2/15 cells to FE/ASC-catalyzed peroxidation produces pathological effects on mitochondrial functions and DNA integrity, which were diminished by Nrf2 induction. It appears that Nrf2 plays a critical cytoprotective role in intestinal epithelial cells against oxidative stress.
Oxidative stress Mitochondria Inflammation NRF2