Changements corticaux et sous-corticaux des événements du sommeil lent au cours du vieillissement
As demonstrated by recent advancements in the field of neuroscience, sleep is an active and dynamic state in which cohesive neural oscillations organize brain functions. Sleep spindles and slow waves are hallmarks of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and are used as markers on the electroencephalogram to characterize the underlying neural activity. Because of their implication in sleep and cognitive processes, these oscillations are particularly relevant in aging research, as functional challenges to sleep and memory are well known among this population. Normal aging not only reduces the characteristics of NREM sleep oscillations, but it also modifies anatomical and functional measures of brain integrity. Local regulation of NREM sleep oscillations have recently been described, yet few evidence is currently available on this process in aging. The present work aims to characterize the relationship between sleep neurophysiology, normal aging and regional brain activity with the assessment of the topography and hemodynamics of NREM sleep oscillations throughout adulthood. In a first study, sleep spindle density, duration, amplitude and frequency will be assessed in three age groups in relation to brain topography using electroencephalography. In a second study, hemodynamic responses to slow wave events and their modulation by amplitude will be assessed in two age groups using electroencephalography combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Our results can be summarized as follows: 1) age effects on sleep spindle characteristics showed an intriguing dichotomy between anterior and posterior cortical areas; 2) hemodynamic variations related to slow waves were observed in a wide array of cortical and subcortical regions in older individuals. These results suggest the functional reorganization of neural activity during NREM sleep throughout adulthood, support NREM sleep oscillations as useful and sensible biomarkers of brain aging, and promote further research on age-related changes in synaptic plasticity, cell restoration and sleep maintenance.
Eeg Irmf Onde lente Fmri Nrem sleep Sleep spindle Slow wave Aging