Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride adsorption at the silica/water interface studied by Sum Frequency Generation
Sum Frequency Generation (SFG), an interface specific spectroscopic technique, was used to characterize the changes in the macromolecular structure of the cationic surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) at the silica/water interface at pH values ranging from 3 to 11. The experimental conditions were selected to mimic conditions common during enhanced oil recovery operations. In particular, silica was studied since it is one of the most abundant mineral components of sandstone reservoirs, and surfactant adsorption was studied at an ionic strength (100 mM NaCl) relevant to hydraulic fracturing fluids. SFG spectra showed detectable peaks with increasing amplitude in the methylene and methyl stretching region when the pH was lowered to 3 or increased to 11, suggesting changes in the surfactant aggregate structure at the silica/water interface at a DTAC concentration above the critical micelle concentration. In addition, changes in the SFG intensity were observed for the water spectrum when increasing the DTAC concentration from 0.2 to 50 mM under acidic, neutral or alkaline conditions. At pH 3, near the point of zero charge of the silica surface, the excess positive charge due to adsorption of the cationic surfactant creates an electrostatic field that orients water molecules at the interface. At pH 7 and 11, which are above the point of zero charge of the silica surface, the negative electrostatic field at the silica/water interface decreases in magnitude with surfactant adsorption due to compensation of the negative surface charge by the positively charged DTAC. The SFG results were correlated with contact angle and interfacial tension measurements at pH 3, 7 and 11.
Surfactants d’alkylammonium Nonlinear spectroscopy Alkylammonium surfactants Mineral/Water interfaces Wettability Interfacial tension Hydraulic fracturing