Programme expérimental «Bouger à l’heure juste» pour améliorer le statut pondéral d’adultes en surpoids
While the prevalence of obesity is a global problem, the avenues to better use exercise (Ex) is of great interest. Ex can reduce appetite and energy intake, also called Ex-induced anorexia. Recent studies from our laboratory have shown the importance of the timing of Ex to decrease the energy intake. However, none certify that the timing of Ex maximizes body mass reduction in natural context. Therefore, the crossover design aimed to determine if there is an ideal Ex timing to optimize body weight and adiposity lost, in comparing the effect of two programs with a specific timing of Ex on the anthropometric profile of overweight adults. Eight volunteer adults from Montreal (18-45 years) overweight or obese participated and completed the study. In a random order, they performed two four-week Ex (2 x 15 min. Ex intervals daily) programs : 1) Ex before meals (ExMeal) vs 2) Ex at any time, except in the hour prior to the meals (MealEx). Weekly consultations at the University of Montreal included : anthropometric measurements, standardized questionnaires on physical activity and diet, and monitoring of trainings done in a natural setting. The Mann-Whitney U tests analysis focussed on changes that occured between ExMeal and MealEx programs (p = 0.05). Anthropometric changes, Ex practice within and outside of the program, and caloric intake (caloric content, and % of energy from carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) were similar between the ExMeal and MealEx programs (p > 0.05). However, the ExMeal program was associated with 2,8% more calories from proteins (p = 0.05). Furthermore, exploratory analysis showed that it is especially the sequence of events that was related to a reduction in anthropometric parameters, with a decrease in the percentage of fat and a greater compliance in the first month compared to the second month, regardless of the Ex program performed. While several prior studies validated the anorexigenic effect of acute Ex, the longer-term effect on the anthropometric profile was not confirmed with this pilot study. Factors such as the adiposity status, the structure of the program, the duration of the Ex sessions, and the fact that the program took place in a natural set up, made it more difficult to improve the anthropometric profile. Keywords : Exercise, timing, fat, weight loss, energy intake, adults, obesity.
Exercise Timing Fat Weight loss Energy intake Adults Obesity