Théorie des émotions et émotions animales
Do animals have emotions? This question constitutes a sizable challenge for the philosophical theories of emotions, which already struggle to find consensus in a definition of human emotions. However, the evidence of emotional life in animals is undeniable. We believe that any successful theory of emotions must be able to account for the existence of animal emotions while respecting the criterion of intentionality of emotions. In this dissertation, we provide a brief overview of three approaches to the theory of emotions that hold that animals are capable of emotional experiences. First, we discuss the evolutionary approach (Darwin, Ekman and Plutchik) which centers its definition of emotion around its usefulness for the survival of the organism and defends the universalism of basic emotions. Next, we examine the somatic approach to emotions (James, Damasio and Prinz) which maintains that emotions are sensations and bodily changes. Finally, we observe the judgmental cognitivist theory (Solomon, Nussbaum) which considers that emotions are fundamentally evaluative judgments. As our investigation progresses, we apply the criteria of the various theories of emotions to non-human animals in order to highlight their potentially problematic elements. Finally, we evaluate the implications of the philosophical presuppositions of animal emotions in a practical aim in animal ethics.
philosophy emotion non-human animals