« On n’est pas devenus sādhu, on était faits sādhu » : Saṃskāra et espace de légitimité chez les ascètes occidentaux en Inde
This study explores the religious identity of Western ascetics in India. Based on a field investigation, it exposes the transformational aspect of my respondents’ self-image, and later examines the negotiation of this new religious identity through interaction.   I was told by a Western ascetic: “We did not become sādhu, we were made sādhu.” He was referring to his samskāra—the traces of his past lives—as the primary element of his journey. This statement precisely reflects the angle of this study, which asserts the perspective and subjectivity of these individuals through the comprehension of their religious trajectories. I wish to associate the relevance of anthropological tradition, in relation to social and cultural dynamics, to a phenomenological understanding of the religious experience.   Throughout this study, I will aim to understand how my respondents live through and negotiate the reestablishment of their system of meaning (Mary & Piault 1998; 8) by analyzing the individual and collective formation of religious identity. Since it is impossible to completely pinpoint its initial landmarks, the identity transformation of Western ascetics must be understood as an incessant process of hybridization (Bhabha & Rutherford 2006). Affiliated to contradictory beliefs, my respondents are seeking to negotiate and legitimize this hybrid identity through peer interactions. In this respect, the analysis shows that community validation and the quest for recognition are the inherent aspects of the formation of their identity. Bound by inclusion and exclusion, Western ascetics establish self-recognition based on their perception of an “authentic” ascetic. Legitimacy is then created, allowing them to travel through the universe of Hindu asceticism while aspiring to reach mokşa.
samskara interaction hindu asceticism identity negociation hybridity phenomenology