Évolution de la qualité de l'emploi des femmes et des hommes au Québec entre 1997 et 2007 : l'ascenseur de la scolarisation et le fardeau des responsabilités familiales
This dissertation examines the evolution of job quality for women and men in Quebec between 1997 and 2007. Using an original typology, we study changes in job quality for women and men, and changes in the gender gap. The novel aspect of this research is that it uses a multidimensional perspective on job quality by considering simultaneously four dimensions: wage level, employment stability, qualification and length of the work week. We first present our research topic, professional inequalities between genders in the labour market, and we review the literature concerning the main theories on gender inequality and job quality. We then present the conceptual framework of our research and our research questions; the relevance of our typology of job quality is then examined, and our approach to data analysis is justified. The analysis parameters chapter is dedicated to the creation of new typology of job quality and to data analysis framework. Finally, we present our results concerning the evolution of the job quality differences between male and female workers, taking into account the family situation, the education level of these individuals and some labor market characteristics. Our study reveals an appreciable decrease of the gender gap in job quality (an overall drop of more than 30 %). Our research shows that changes occur especially for those who have a relatively high level of education, those who live in a couple, and those whose family responsibilities are not too heavy. Most of the changes depend on a notable improvement of job quality for women, and not so much on the deterioration among male workers. Those results show that family situation and level of education, considering together, are significant determinants of the observed changes.
job quality gender inequalities wage stability qualifications qualifications hours of work