Les difficultés de financement en droit international de l’environnement : quelles perspectives pour les instruments juridiques relatifs aux produits chimiques et déchets dangereux ?
The international scene is marked by different types of interstate relationships. However, upon close consideration, this collaboration takes on a non-linear appearance from a financial point of view. In fact, funding has become the common denominator that shapes interstate relationships. International environmental law, as well as the chemical industry - particularly the hazardous waste sector - do not escape this paradigm. The exploitation of natural resources and trade constitute the foundation of this vital area of international exchanges. Since the second and third industrial revolutions, man has learned to extract and transform minerals and synthesize new molecules in order to manufacture of all sorts of products.   The overexploitation of natural resources has by the same token led to undesirable environmental impacts in the form of transboundary contamination and severe damage to human health. This state of affairs has gradually led to the adoption of international legal instruments with a view to limiting or eradicating the aforementioned effects. It was within this context that the Basel, Rotterdam, Stockholm and, most recently, the Minamata Convention on Mercury were adopted. These four legal instruments form the legal structure in the chemicals and hazardous waste sector. However, the effectiveness of this arsenal involves the implementation of these conventions. But this is not as easy in practice. The main stumbling block is often the question of financing the additional costs that their implementation entails in developing countries. Who should pay? The answer to this question lies in the explanation and interpretation of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and the analysis of the effectiveness of the financing mechanisms set up under each convention.  In the face of these funding concerns, the question that can be asked is whether the legal regime is not the source of the problem. Moreover, what is the impact of the restructuring attempts initiated in recent years? What improvements can be proposed? It is to this set of concerns that this thesis provides answers.
Convention de Stockholm Convention de Rotterdam Synergies Chemicals Hazardous waste Basel Convention Stockholm Convention Rotterdam Convention Minamata Convention on mercury Environmental funding Principle of common but differentiated responsibilities Synergies