Estimation des corrélations phylogénétiques entre paramètres d'évolution moléculaire et Traits d'histoire de vie
In recent years, molecular evolution seeks to characterize the variation and intensity of selection through the ratio between non-synonymous and synonymous substitution rates (dN/dS). The dN/dS measure was either used to study the history of the variation of the intensity of selection over time or to detect episodes of positive selection. Correlations between selection and variations of the effective population size interfere in these measurements. The Comparative method can measure correlations between quantitative traits along a phylogeny. They are also be used to test hypotheses of correlated evolution of life history traits, like the body mass, and the substitution rate. We propose an approach combining the comparative method based on the principle of independent contrasts and a model of molecular evolution in a Bayesian probabilistic framework. By integrating along a phylogeny both ancestral reconstructions of lines and of dN/dS we estimate the covariance among traits and between traits and parameters of the model of molecular evolution. A hierarchical model was implemented in the software coevol published during this master. This model allows the simultaneous analysis of multiple genes within a single model. Parallel calculations allow increasing the size of the model to the genome scale. We studied placental mammals, where many complete genomes and phenotypic measurements are available. Based on theories of life history traits, our method is expected to characterize the association of groups of genes in biological processes related to the studied phenotypes.
Bayesian molecular evolution phylogeny