Le visage de la douleur : informations efficientes pour la reconnaissance et impacts sur l’observateur
Facial expression plays a central role in pain communication including when judging on others’ pain intensity. Facial expression characteristics have been investigated mainly with descriptive methods (e.g. FACS). The thesis introduction summarizes current knowledge on behavioral and cerebral processes involved in pain facial expression and pain communication. Moreover, a better understanding of the processes subtending the recognition of pain in others appears essential to address clinical issues such as the classical under-estimation effect. The article 1 uses a direct method (Bubbles) to identify the visual information efficiently used by the observer to correctly discriminate pain among basic emotions facial expressions. Results show that, among all the facial movement typically found in pain facial expressions, the observers use few information. Moreover, the visual regions highly correlated with correct identification of pain have previously been described as encoding the affective-motivational of the pain experience of the sufferer. It is known that the pain experience can be increased by visual stimuli with a negative affective valence, including pain facial expressions, through spinal and supra-spinal (perceptual) processes. The article 2 aims to study if the facial regions important for pain identification are sufficient to modulate the observer’s pain experience. Results showed that looking at the diagnostic visual information for pain identification enhanced the perception of pain) of the observer when compared to viewing regions not correlated with correct identification. A post-experimental exploration of the characteristics of our stimuli suggests that this effect is not attributable to an induction of negative emotions, thereby supporting a predominant role for pain communication in the vicarious facilitation of pain in the observer. However, spinal measures were not modulated by our visual stimuli, suggesting that the neural system underlying the modulation does not involve cerebro-spinal processes.
Bubbles modulation facial expression pain nociceptive reflex