Riboswitches : le cas des atténuateurs de la transcription du type terminateur/antiterminateur chez les bactéries
It is essential for each organism to have the possibility to regulate its functions to allow its survival and improve its capacity to reproduce in different environments. With the information available, it is apparent that most organisms dedicate an important piece of their genetic material to regulating functions. We could think that certain regulating mechanisms have most likely persisted over time because they fulfilled their roles.  The first prokaryotes studies indicated that there are few regulating mechanisms that take control over genes, but it has been proven that a variety of these mechanisms are used in the regulation of genes and operons. In particular, the bacterial operons involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids, tRNA synthetase, the degradation of amino acids, the ribosomal proteins and RNA ribosomal could be controlled by transcription attenuation. This mechanism of regulation differs from others for the creation of two different structures of the mRNA where one of these structures represses the gene in 3’ and the other one allows the transcription/translation to continue.  In this work, I’m interested in the mechanism of transcription attenuation in prokaryotes where no molecule appears to act as a regulatory factor. In particular, I’m interested in the regulation of bacterial operons. The principal goal of this work is to present a new method for detecting riboswitches that combines the traditional research of these elements with the structural research by incorporating the study of mRNA folding.    This thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 is a review of the literature on RNA and an overview of the regulatory mechanism of gene expression in prokaryotes. Chapter 2 and 3 present the method developed for this work and its implementation in new software, TA-Search. Finally, Chapter 4 is dedicated to providing a discussion and conclusion for this work.
RNA Riboswitch Transcription attenuation RNA secondary structure RNA folding