Caractérisation des nanoparticules polymériques par la technique d'ultracentrifugation analytique
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in numerous industrial fields is becoming more common, which increases their propagation in the environment. Their generally unknown persistence, mobility, bioaccumulation and toxicity all contribute to increased risks to human health and to ecosystems. Unfortunately, their characterization and quantification are complex analytical challenges due in large part to their dynamic nature (small size, high reactivity and instability). The objective of this study was to characterize polymeric nanoparticles (Allosperse®), which are intended for the dispersion of the nanopesticides using analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC). To achieve this goal, the sizes of various metallic nanoparticles (nAg, QD), metallic oxides (nTiO2, nZnO) and polystyrene nanoparticles (nPS) were first determined by AUC using different detectors (absorbance, fluorescence and interference). In the case of polymeric nanoparticles, a number of preliminary tests were carried out in order to optimize the speed and duration of the ultracentrifugation, the number of scans and the concentration of the NPs for the determination of their hydrodynamic diameter (dh). The analysis indicated that the AUC was able to measure the sizes of the smallest nanoparticles. In addition, evaluations of the behavior of these nanoparticles between pH 4-8, ionic strengths from 0 to 500 mM, in the presence and absence of natural organic matter (NOM) showed that they had a dh of about 7.0 nm with small increases at low pH or for large ionic strengths or hardness. These results strongly demonstrated a high physical and chemical stability of allosphères, which implied that they would have a high mobility in soils. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) were used to validate the results obtained by the AUC.
pH Polymeric nanoparticles Characterization pH Ionic strength Hardness Natural organic matter Mobility Soil Analytical ultracentrifugation