Le rôle des états prothrombotiques dans l’AVC du jeune adulte
Background: Despite extensive workup, more than 30% of ischemic strokes in young adults remain idiopathic. The role of some prothrombotic factors (PF) in arterial thrombosis remains unclear in previous studies. This may be due to small sample sizes, heterogeneous characteristics of populations studied, or analyzing individual PF with low prevalence. Methods: We conducted a case-control study using a retrospective cohort (2002-2011). From a hospital database, we identified patients with ischemic stroke at age ≤50 years. We excluded patients with incomplete baseline investigation or antiphospholipid syndrome, and those without prothrombotic testing. We compared the prevalence of each PF, as well  as the presence of ≥2 PF (primary analysis) between cases with idiopathic stroke and controls with defined stroke etiology, before and after adjusting for non-prothrombotic risk factors. By subgroup analysis, we compared the presence of ≥1 PF between cases with versus without patent foramen ovale (PFO), between cases or controls with PFO with versus without migraine,  as well as between women (cases versus controls), including oral contraceptives among PF. Results: 502 young ischemic stroke patients were identified. We excluded 108 patients. We analyzed 184 cases and 210 controls (Mean age : 39.2 y-o, 51% male). Prevalence of individual PF did not differ between cases and controls : protein S (0.6%), protein C (3.4%), antithrombin (1.2%) deficiencies, mutant prothrombin (2.5%), factor V Leiden (4.6%), and total anticardiolipin (titers 15-40 units GPL or MPL; 3,3%).  There was no association between the presence of ≥2 PF and idiopathic stroke, before (p=0,48) and after adjusting for non-prothrombotic risk factors (p= 0,74). No differences were observed between subgroups for the presence of ≥1 PF. Conclusion: There is no association between prothrombotic risk factors (analyzed individually or as a group) and idiopathic ischemic stroke in the young, even in those with a PFO or with migraine.
Foramen ovale permeable Protein C Protein S Antithrombin Factor V Leiden Prothrombin Anticardiolipin Stroke Young Migraine Patent foramen ovale