Sensibilité des cellules leucémiques aux immunoconjugués anti-CD33
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a cancer where hematopoietic precursors are arrested in an early stage of development, is associated with a poor survival rate of 20 to 30% over five years, despite intensive chemotherapy treatments. In approximately 90% of AML cases the malignant cells express CD33 antigen, which makes it a target of choice for development of immunotoxin based therapy. Three immunoconjugates (IC) composed of anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody coupled with maytansine derivative, which prevent tubulin polymerization and thus formation of mitotic spindle, were designed. These three IC were tested for their activity against several AML cell lines and primary AML patient cells and we investigate mechanisms responsible for variation in sensitivity to IC treatment. In this report, we show that differences in number of CD33 molecules on AML cell surface does not explain the observed differences in IC sensitivity. We demonstrate that binding of huMy9-6 antibody to CD33 induces rapid internalization and that it is first process through endosome. We confirm that lysosomal processing is essential for the antimitotic effect induced by IC treatment. Also, we provide evidence that SOCS3 protein may play a role in resistance of AML cells to anti-CD33 therapy by directing IC-CD33-SOCS3 complex to the proteasome and therefore affecting lysosomal decoupling of IC-CD33 and intracellular release of maytansine derivatives. Finally, the linkers and maytansine derivative modifications were not sufficient to increase sufficiently the efficacy of conjugates to eliminate higher numbers of AML cells. The identification of mechanisms responsible for increased resistance of AML cell lines and primary AMLs may allow us to identify IC responsive AML cells and also identify strategies to improve the efficacy of IC treatment.
CD33 SOCS3 maytansine cute myeloid leukemia mmunoconjugate