Mécanismes d'action des cellules stromales mésenchymateuses dans le traitement de la réaction du greffon contre l'hôte
Graft versus host disease (GvHD) is a very serious side effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This disease results in high mortality and devastating symptoms. Treatments for GvHD include a lot of pharmaceuticals, including corticosteroids, but these are immunosuppressive and their adverse effects cause a lot of damage to the patient and hinder the healing process. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) represent a potential alternative or addition to the GvHD treatment regimen. These cells do not seem to carry the secondary effects associated with classical treatments. A number of studies have been registered concerning MSC. In spite of the spike of interest, the mechanism of immunomodulation deployed by MSC remains to be elucidated. Our objective is to better characterise this mechanism. We have used a simple in vitro model to simulate GvHD. This model is based on the stimulation of CD4+ T cells by allogenic dendritic cells. The measure of the proliferation of the stimulated lymphocytes serves as an indicator of the reactivity. According to the results obtained by CRISPR genetic engineering, MSC exert this immunomodulatory effect on T cells mainly by the secretion of IDO1 enzyme. These MSC are also able to induce T cells to become inhibitory, a process independent of the secretion of IDO1. However, these inhibitory T cells would not correspond to conventional Treg cells.
MSC GvHD HSCT IDO1 CRISPR CD4+ T cells