Rôle du système du trijumeau dans la locomotion chez le nouveau-né d’opossum (Monodelphis domestica)
The opossum Monodelphis domestica is born very immature and crawls, unaided by the mother, from the urogenital opening to a nipple where it attaches and pursues its development. Sensory information is needed to guide the newborn to a nipple and studies suggest that the vestibular, trigeminal, and olfactory systems are likely candidates. The trigeminal, vestibular and olfactory regions of the brain were electrically stimulated to test their relative effectiveness at eliciting forelimb movement in newborn opossums, using in vitro preparations of brain-spinal cord with the limbs attached. The minimal stimulation of the cervical spinal cord needed to induce forelimb movement was considered as threshold (T). Similar movement were obtained with stimulations of the trigeminal ganglion at ~2T and of the vestibular complex at ~20 T and at ~600 T for the olfactory bulb. Neurofilament-200 immunohistochemistry and retrograde tracing with Texas-Red conjugated Dextran Amines were used to study trigeminal innervation of the facial skin and pathways by which trigeminal inputs may be relayed to the spinal cord. Numerous nerve fibers were observed in the snout dermis, elsewhere in the head skin. Some trigeminal ganglion cells project to the upper spinal cord, but more project to the caudal medulla where they could contact secondary trigeminal neurons or reticular cells projecting to the spinal cord. These results support a significant influence of the trigeminal and the vestibular systems, but not of olfaction, on forelimb movement of neonatal opossums.
Locomotion Brainstem Development Marsupials Spinal cord Sensory systems