Usages de l'épistolaire dans la littérature française du XVIIIe siècle (Crébillon fils, Rétif de la Bretonne, Laclos)
The eighteen-century literary scene is marked by the success of both epistolary and libertine novels. Through the imposition of a communicational structure specific to letters, the epistolary novel deals with introspection and subjectivity, and takes some liberties with the expression of passion: if La Nouvelle Héloïse by Rousseau and English novels such as Clarissa by Richardson contribute to the popularity of the epistolary novels, the aforementioned novels forgo the theme of “pure” love in order to describe the exploits of libertine characters. This major shift provokes the interest of the public towards this new genre. We think that letters are used as the favoured medium for the libertine’s narrative because of the successful combination of epistolary and libertine novels. The search for authenticity in literature makes letters the most pertinent means of expression, while the consequences of a changing society occupy a particular place in libertine novels. We suggest a specific compatibility between the two genres: the subjectivity that is inherent in letters allows the libertine character to express himself without any apparent narrative filter, and the libertine’s principle of intrusion allows the reader to access all the letters. The novels in our study (Les Heureux Orphelins by Crébillon, Le Paysan et la Paysanne pervertis by Rétif de la Bretonne et Les Liaisons dangereuses by Laclos) each associate the libertine’s speech and epistolarity in a different way.
XVIIIe siècle Crébillon Libertinage Rétif de la Bretonne Laclos French Litterature XVIIIth century Epistolarity