INTRODUCTION

There is a need in the art for lidar systems that operate with low latency and rapid adaptation to environmental changes. This is particularly the case for automotive applications of lidar as well as other applications where the lidar system may be moving at a high rate of speed or where there is otherwise a need for decision-making in short time intervals. For example, when an object of interest is detected in the field of view for a lidar transmitter, it is desirable for the lidar transmitter to rapidly respond to this detection by firing high densities of laser pulses at the detected object. However, as the firing rate for the lidar transmitter increases, this places pressure on the operational capabilities of the laser source employed by the lidar transmitter because the laser source will need re-charging time.

This issue becomes particularly acute in situations where the lidar transmitter has a variable firing rate. With a variable firing rate, the laser source's operational capabilities are not only impacted by periods of high density firing but also periods of low density firing. As charge builds up in the laser source during a period where the laser source is not fired, a need arises to ensure that the laser source does not overheat or otherwise exceed its maximum energy limits.

The lidar transmitter may employ a laser source that uses optical amplification to support the generation of laser pulses. Such laser sources have energy characteristics that are heavily impacted by time and the firing rate of the laser source. These energy characteristics of a laser source that uses optical amplification have important operational impacts on the lidar transmitter when the lidar transmitter is designed to operate with fast scan times and laser pulses that are targeted on specific range points in the field of view.

As a technical solution to these problems in the art, the inventors disclose that a laser energy model can be used to model the available energy in the laser source over time. The timing schedule for laser pulses fired by the lidar transmitter can then be determined using energies that are predicted for the different scheduled laser pulse shots based on the laser energy model. This permits the lidar transmitter to reliably ensure at a highly granular level that each laser pulse shot has sufficient energy to meet operational needs, including when operating during periods of high density/high resolution laser pulse firing. The laser energy model is capable of modeling the energy available for laser pulses in the laser source over very short time intervals as discussed in greater detail below. With such short interval time modeling, the laser energy modeling can be referred to as a transient laser energy model.

Furthermore, the inventors also disclose that mirror motion can be modeled so that the system can also reliably predict where a scanning mirror is aimed within a field of view over time. This mirror motion model is also capable of predicting mirror motion over short time intervals as discussed in greater detail below. In this regard, the mirror motion model can also be referred to as a transient mirror motion model. The model of mirror motion over time can be linked with the model of laser energy over time to provide still more granularity in the scheduling of laser pulses that are targeted at specific range points in the field of view. Thus, a control circuit can translate a list of arbitrarily ordered range points to be targeted with laser pulses into a shot list of laser pulses to be fired at such range points using the modeled laser energy coupled with the modeled mirror motion. In this regard, the “shot list” can refer to a list of the range points to be targeted with laser pulses as combined with timing data that defines a schedule or sequence by which laser pulses will be fired toward such range points.

Through the use of such models, the lidar system can provide hyper temporal processing where laser pulses can be scheduled and fired at high rates with high timing precision and high spatial targeting/pointing precision. This results in a lidar system that can operate at low latency, high frame rates, and intelligent range point targeting where regions of interest in the field of view can be targeted with rapidly-fired and spatially dense laser pulse shots.

Moreover, the inventors disclose that different mirror motion models can be used by a control circuit to govern shot scheduling and shot firing. For example, a system controller can use a first mirror motion model when scheduling the laser pulse shots, and this first mirror motion model can serve as a coarse mirror motion model for the purpose of ordering the scan angles to be targeted with laser pulse shots. A beam scanner controller can then use a second mirror motion model when generating firing commands in accordance with the scheduled laser pulse shots, and this second mirror motion model can serve as a fine mirror motion model for the purpose of generating firing commands that are precisely timed to produce laser pulse shots that target the ordered scan angles to be targeted with the laser pulse shots.

These and other features and advantages of the invention will be described in greater detail below.

