BACKGROUND

1. Field

This disclosed subject matter relates generally to methods, systems, and products for providing product data and/or recommendations and, in some particular embodiments or aspects, to a method, system, and computer program product for providing product data and/or recommendations based on database queries and/or transaction data.

2. Technical Considerations

Certain customers (e.g., merchant customers of a transaction service provider) may not communicate their needs. Additionally or alternatively, certain customers may not be aware of products and/or services that may be able to meet such needs. As such, it may be difficult for a product and/or service provider (e.g., transaction service provider) to identify products and/or services that may be useful to the customers. Additionally or alternatively, it may be difficult for the product and/or service provider to effectively market such products and/or services to the customers. Accordingly, opportunities to recommend and/or market such products to the customers may be lost.

Additionally or alternatively, certain customers (e.g., small to medium-sized business customers of a transaction service provider) may lack time and/or resources to effectively monitor and/or handle administrative aspects (e.g., of their respective businesses). For example, determinations regarding pricing (e.g., of products), inventory management (e.g., what inventory to hold), product trends (e.g., identifying the latest product trends), marketing (e.g., how and to whom products should be marketed), sales/discount offers (e.g., when to hold sales), and/or the like may be time consuming and/or difficult for such customers. Accordingly, such customers may miss opportunities and/or fail to take advantage of trends, and revenue and/or profit margins of such customers may slip.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, it is an object of the presently disclosed subject matter to provide methods, systems, and computer program products for providing product data and/or recommendations.

According to non-limiting embodiments or aspects, provided is a method for providing product data to a user. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, a method for providing product data to a user may include receiving query data associated with a plurality of queries of a database by a user. A classification for at least two queries of the plurality of queries may be determined. A product associated with the classification of the at least two queries of the plurality of queries may be determined. A potential revenue associated with the product may be calculated based on the user. A probability that the user will purchase the product may be calculated. A score may be calculated based on the potential revenue and the probability that the user will purchase the product. Product data associated with the product may be transmitted to the user if the score exceeds a threshold.

In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, user data associated with the user and user category data associated with a category of the user may be received. Additionally or alternatively, the probability that the user will purchase the product may be calculated based on the user data, the user category data, and a cost of the product. Additionally or alternatively, the potential revenue may be calculated based on the user data, the user category data, and a cost of the product. Additionally or alternatively, user data may include at least one of user identification data identifying the user, location data identifying a location of the user, user revenue data associated with a revenue of the user, user size data associated with a size of the user, transaction data associated with a plurality of payment transactions from the user, purchase history data associated with purchases previously made by the user, any combination thereof, and/or the like. Additionally or alternatively, the user category data may include at least one of category code data identifying the category code of the user, other user identification data identifying other users associated with the category of the user, other user purchase history data associated with purchases previously made by the other users in the category, any combination thereof, and/or the like.

According to non-limiting embodiments or aspects, provided is a system for providing product data to a user. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the system for providing product data to a user may include at least one first computing device, which may transmit query data associated with a plurality of queries of a database by a user. At least one second computing device may receive the query data associated with the plurality of queries of the database by the user. A classification for at least two queries of the plurality of queries may be determined (e.g., by the second computing device(s)). A product associated with the classification of the at least two queries may be determined (e.g., by the second computing device(s)). A potential revenue associated with the product may be calculated (e.g., by the second computing device(s)) based on the user. A probability that the user will purchase the product may be calculated (e.g., by the second computing device(s)). A score may be calculated (e.g., by the second computing device(s)) based on the potential revenue and the probability that the user will purchase the product. Product data associated with the product may be transmitted (e.g., by the second computing device(s)) to the first computing device(s) if the score exceeds a threshold. The first computing device(s) may further receive the product data associated with the product and display the product data to the user.

In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the at least one first computing device may include a merchant computing device of a merchant system. Additionally or alternatively, the at least one second computing device may include a transaction service provider device of a transaction service provider system.

In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, user data associated with the user and user category data associated with a category of the user may be received. Additionally or alternatively, the probability that the user will purchase the product may be calculated based on the user data, the user category data, and a cost of the product. Additionally or alternatively, the potential revenue may be calculated based on the user data, the user category data, and a cost of the product. Additionally or alternatively, user data may include at least one of user identification data identifying the user, location data identifying a location of the user, user revenue data associated with a revenue of the user, user size data associated with a size of the user, transaction data associated with a plurality of payment transactions from the user, purchase history data associated with purchases previously made by the user, any combination thereof, and/or the like. Additionally or alternatively, the user category data may include at least one of category code data identifying the category code of the user, other user identification data identifying other users associated with the category of the user, other user purchase history data associated with purchases previously made by the other users in the category, any combination thereof, and/or the like.

According to non-limiting embodiments or aspects, provided is a computer program product for providing product data to a user. The computer program product may include at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium including one or more instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to receive query data associated with a plurality of queries of a database by a user. A classification for at least two queries of the plurality of queries may be determined. A product associated with the classification of the at least two queries of the plurality of queries may be determined. A potential revenue associated with the product may be calculated based on the user. A probability that the user will purchase the product may be calculated. A score may be calculated based on the potential revenue and the probability that the user will purchase the product. Product data associated with the product may be transmitted to the user if the score exceeds a threshold.

In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, user data associated with the user and user category data associated with a category of the user may be received. Additionally or alternatively, the probability that the user will purchase the product may be calculated based on the user data, the user category data, and a cost of the product. Additionally or alternatively, the potential revenue may be calculated based on the user data, the user category data, and a cost of the product. Additionally or alternatively, user data may include at least one of user identification data identifying the user, location data identifying a location of the user, user revenue data associated with a revenue of the user, user size data associated with a size of the user, transaction data associated with a plurality of payment transactions from the user, purchase history data associated with purchases previously made by the user, any combination thereof, and/or the like. Additionally or alternatively, the user category data may include at least one of category code data identifying the category code of the user, other user identification data identifying other users associated with the category of the user, other user purchase history data associated with purchases previously made by the other users in the category, any combination thereof, and/or the like.

According to non-limiting embodiments or aspects, provided is a method for providing at least one recommendation. The method for providing at least one recommendation may include receiving transaction data associated with a plurality of payment transactions from a plurality of merchants. Inventory data associated with a first merchant of the plurality of merchants may be received. Preference data associated with the first merchant may be received. At least one recommendation for the first merchant may be determined based on the transaction data, the inventory data, and the preference data. The at least one recommendation may be transmitted to the first merchant.

In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the at least one recommendation may include at least one of a recommended price for a product in an inventory of the first merchant, a recommendation to purchase a number of products for inclusion in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended discount offer for a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended cost for a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended demographic target for advertising, a recommended geographic target for advertising, a recommended new location for selling a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended new type of product to purchase for inclusion in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended new type of payment to accept, any combination thereof, and/or the like.

In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the transaction data associated with each payment transaction of the plurality of payment transactions may include at least one of product identification data identifying a product, price data identifying a price of the product, merchant data identifying a merchant of the plurality of merchants, location data identifying a location of the merchant, time data identifying a time of the payment transaction, any combination thereof, and/or the like.

In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the inventory data may include product data associated with a plurality of products. Additionally or alternatively, the product data associated with each product of the plurality of products may include product identification data identifying the product. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the inventory data may further include at least one of price data identifying a price of each product of the plurality of products, cost data identifying a cost of each product of the plurality of products, source data identifying a source of each product of the plurality of products, any combination thereof, and/or the like.

In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the preference data may include at least one of a target amount of revenue, a target amount of profit, a target number of products, a target margin between a sales price and a cost of a product, a target reduction in costs, a request for identification of a new type of product for inclusion in an inventory of the first merchant, a request for identification of a new location for selling a product in the inventory of the first merchant, any combination thereof, and/or the like.

According to non-limiting embodiments or aspects, provided is a system for providing at least one recommendation. The system for providing at least one recommendation may include a plurality of merchant computing devices of a plurality of merchants, including a first merchant computing device of a first merchant, and at least one transaction service provider device. Transaction data associated with a plurality of payment transactions from the plurality of merchant devices may be received (e.g., by the transaction service provider device(s)). Inventory data associated with the first merchant may be received (e.g., by the transaction service provider device(s)) from the first merchant computing device. Preference data associated with the first merchant may be received (e.g., by the transaction service provider device(s)) from the first merchant computing device. At least one recommendation for the first merchant may be determined (e.g., by the transaction service provider device(s)) based on the transaction data, the inventory data, and the preference data. The recommendation(s) may be transmitted (e.g., by the transaction service provider device(s)) to the first merchant computing device. The first merchant computing device may display the recommendation(s) to the first merchant.

In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the at least one recommendation may include at least one of a recommended price for a product in an inventory of the first merchant, a recommendation to purchase a number of products for inclusion in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended discount offer for a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended cost for a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended demographic target for advertising, a recommended geographic target for advertising, a recommended new location for selling a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended new type of product to purchase for inclusion in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended new type of payment to accept, any combination thereof, and/or the like.

In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the transaction data associated with each payment transaction of the plurality of payment transactions may include at least one of product identification data identifying a product, price data identifying a price of the product, merchant data identifying a merchant of the plurality of merchants, location data identifying a location of the merchant, time data identifying a time of the payment transaction, any combination thereof, and/or the like.

In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the inventory data may include product data associated with a plurality of products. Additionally or alternatively, the product data associated with each product of the plurality of products may include product identification data identifying the product. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the inventory data may further include at least one of price data identifying a price of each product of the plurality of products, cost data identifying a cost of each product of the plurality of products, source data identifying a source of each product of the plurality of products, any combination thereof, and/or the like.

In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the preference data may include at least one of a target amount of revenue, a target amount of profit, a target number of products, a target margin between a sales price and a cost of a product, a target reduction in costs, a request for identification of a new type of product for inclusion in an inventory of the first merchant, a request for identification of a new location for selling a product in the inventory of the first merchant, any combination thereof, and/or the like.

According to non-limiting embodiments or aspects, provided is a computer program product for providing at least one recommendation. The computer program product may include at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium including one or more instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to receive transaction data associated with a plurality of payment transactions from a plurality of merchants. Inventory data associated with a first merchant of the plurality of merchants may be received. Preference data associated with the first merchant may be received. At least one recommendation for the first merchant may be determined based on the transaction data, the inventory data, and the preference data. The at least one recommendation may be transmitted to the first merchant.

In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the at least one recommendation may include at least one of a recommended price for a product in an inventory of the first merchant, a recommendation to purchase a number of products for inclusion in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended discount offer for a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended cost for a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended demographic target for advertising, a recommended geographic target for advertising, a recommended new location for selling a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended new type of product to purchase for inclusion in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended new type of payment to accept, any combination thereof, and/or the like.

In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the transaction data associated with each payment transaction of the plurality of payment transactions may include at least one of product identification data identifying a product, price data identifying a price of the product, merchant data identifying a merchant of the plurality of merchants, location data identifying a location of the merchant, time data identifying a time of the payment transaction, any combination thereof, and/or the like.

In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the inventory data may include product data associated with a plurality of products. Additionally or alternatively, the product data associated with each product of the plurality of products may include product identification data identifying the product. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the inventory data may further include at least one of price data identifying a price of each product of the plurality of products, cost data identifying a cost of each product of the plurality of products, source data identifying a source of each product of the plurality of products, any combination thereof, and/or the like.

In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the preference data may include at least one of a target amount of revenue, a target amount of profit, a target number of products, a target margin between a sales price and a cost of a product, a target reduction in costs, a request for identification of a new type of product for inclusion in an inventory of the first merchant, a request for identification of a new location for selling a product in the inventory of the first merchant, any combination thereof, and/or the like.

Further embodiments or aspects are set forth in the following numbered clauses:

Clause 1: A method for providing product data to a user, comprising: receiving, with at least one processor, query data associated with a plurality of queries of a database by a user; determining, with the at least one processor, a classification for at least two queries of the plurality of queries; determining, with the at least one processor, a product associated with the classification of the at least two queries of the plurality of queries; calculating, with the at least one processor, a potential revenue associated with the product based on the user; calculating, with the at least one processor, a probability that the user will purchase the product; calculating, with the at least one processor, a score based on the potential revenue and the probability that the user will purchase the product; and transmitting, with the at least one processor, product data associated with the product to the user if the score exceeds a threshold.

Clause 2: The method of clause 1, further comprising receiving user data associated with the user and user category data associated with a category of the user.

Clause 3: The method of any preceding clause, wherein the probability that the user will purchase the product is calculated based on the user data, the user category data, and a cost of the product.

Clause 4: The method of any preceding clause, wherein the potential revenue is calculated based on the user data, the user category data, and a cost of the product.

Clause 5: The method of any preceding clause, wherein user data comprises at least one of user identification data identifying the user, location data identifying a location of the user, user revenue data associated with a revenue of the user, user size data associated with a size of the user, transaction data associated with a plurality of payment transactions from the user, purchase history data associated with purchases previously made by the user, or any combination thereof.

Clause 6: The method of any preceding clause, wherein the user category data comprises at least one of category code data identifying the category code of the user, other user identification data identifying other users associated with the category of the user, other user purchase history data associated with purchases previously made by the other users in the category, or any combination thereof.

Clause 7: A computer program product for providing product data to a user, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium including one or more instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: receive query data associated with a plurality of queries of a database by a user; determine a classification for at least two queries of the plurality of queries; determine a product associated with the classification of the at least two queries of the plurality of queries; calculate a potential revenue associated with the product based on the user; calculate a probability that the user will purchase the product; calculate a score based on the potential revenue and the probability that the user will purchase the product; and transmit product data associated with the product to the user if the score exceeds a threshold.

Clause 8: The computer program product of clause 7, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to receive user data associated with the user and user category data associated with a category of the user.

Clause 9: The computer program product of clause 7 or 8, wherein the probability that the user will purchase the product is calculated based on the user data, the user category data, and a cost of the product.

Clause 10: The computer program product of any one of clauses 7-9, wherein the potential revenue is calculated based on the user data, the user category data, and a cost of the product.

Clause 11: The computer program product of any one of clauses 7-10, wherein user data comprises at least one of user identification data identifying the user, location data identifying a location of the user, user revenue data associated with a revenue of the user, user size data associated with a size of the user, transaction data associated with a plurality of payment transactions from the user, purchase history data associated with purchases previously made by the user, or any combination thereof.

Clause 12: The computer program product of any one of clauses 7-11, wherein the user category data comprises at least one of category code data identifying the category code of the user, other user identification data identifying other users associated with the category of the user, other user purchase history data associated with purchases previously made by the other users in the category, or any combination thereof.

Clause 13: A system for providing product data to a user, comprising: at least one first computing device, configured to: transmit query data associated with a plurality of queries of a database by a user; and at least one second computing device, configured to: receive the query data associated with the plurality of queries of the database by the user; determine a classification for at least two queries of the plurality of queries; determine a product associated with the classification of the at least two queries of the plurality of queries; calculate a potential revenue associated with the product based on the user; calculate a probability that the user will purchase the product; calculate a score based on the potential revenue and the probability that the user will purchase the product; and transmit product data associated with the product to the at least one first computing device if the score exceeds a threshold, wherein the at least one first computing device is further configured to: receive the product data associated with the product; and display the product data to the user.

Clause 14: The system of clause 13, wherein the at least one first computing device comprises a merchant computing device of a merchant system, and further wherein the at least one second computing device comprises a transaction service provider device of a transaction service provider system.

Clause 15: The system of clause 13 or 14, wherein the at least one second computing device is further configured to receive user data associated with the user and user category data associated with a category of the user.

Clause 16: The system of any one of clauses 13-15, wherein the probability that the user will purchase the product is calculated based on the user data, the user category data, and a cost of the product.

Clause 17: The system of any one of clauses 13-16, wherein the potential revenue is calculated based on the user data, the user category data, and a cost of the product.

Clause 18: The system of any one of clauses 13-17, wherein user data comprises at least one of user identification data identifying the user, location data identifying a location of the user, user revenue data associated with a revenue of the user, user size data associated with a size of the user, transaction data associated with a plurality of payment transactions from the user, purchase history data associated with purchases previously made by the user, or any combination thereof.

Clause 19: The system of any one of clauses 13-18, wherein the user category data comprises at least one of category code data identifying the category code of the user, other user identification data identifying other users associated with the category of the user, other user purchase history data associated with purchases previously made by the other users in the category, or any combination thereof.

Clause 20: A method for providing at least one recommendation, comprising: receiving, with at least one processor, transaction data associated with a plurality of payment transactions from a plurality of merchants; receiving, with the at least one processor, inventory data associated with a first merchant of the plurality of merchants; receiving, with the at least one processor, preference data associated with the first merchant of the plurality of merchants; determining, with at least one processor, at least one recommendation for the first merchant based on the transaction data, the inventory data, and the preference data; and transmitting, with at least one processor, the at least one recommendation to the first merchant.

Clause 21: The method of clause 20, wherein the at least one recommendation comprises at least one of a recommended price for a product in an inventory of the first merchant, a recommendation to purchase a number of products for inclusion in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended discount offer for a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended cost for a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended demographic target for advertising, a recommended geographic target for advertising, a recommended new location for selling a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended new type of product to purchase for inclusion in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended new type of payment to accept, or any combination thereof.

Clause 22: The method of clause 20 or 21, wherein the transaction data associated with each payment transaction of the plurality of payment transactions comprises at least one of product identification data identifying a product, price data identifying a price of the product, merchant data identifying a merchant of the plurality of merchants, location data identifying a location of the merchant, time data identifying a time of the payment transaction, or any combination thereof.

Clause 23: The method of any one of clauses 20-22, wherein the inventory data comprises product data associated with a plurality of products, the product data associated with each product of the plurality of products comprising product identification data identifying the product.

Clause 24: The method of any one of clauses 20-23, wherein the inventory data further comprises at least one of price data identifying a price of each product of the plurality of products, cost data identifying a cost of each product of the plurality of products, source data identifying a source of each product of the plurality of products, or any combination thereof.

Clause 25: The method of any one of clauses 20-24, wherein the preference data comprises at least one of a target amount of revenue, a target amount of profit, a target number of products, a target margin between a sales price and a cost of a product, a target reduction in costs, a request for identification of a new type of product for inclusion in an inventory of the first merchant, a request for identification of a new location for selling a product in the inventory of the first merchant, or any combination thereof.

Clause 26: A computer program product for providing at least one recommendation, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium including one or more instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: receive transaction data associated with a plurality of payment transactions from a plurality of merchants; receive inventory data associated with a first merchant of the plurality of merchants; receive preference data associated with the first merchant of the plurality of merchants; determine at least one recommendation for the first merchant based on the transaction data, the inventory data, and the preference data; and transmit the at least one recommendation to the first merchant.

Clause 27: The computer program product of clause 26, wherein the at least one recommendation comprises at least one of a recommended price for a product in an inventory of the first merchant, a recommendation to purchase a number of products for inclusion in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended discount offer for a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended cost for a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended demographic target for advertising, a recommended geographic target for advertising, a recommended new location for selling a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended new type of product to purchase for inclusion in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended new type of payment to accept, or any combination thereof.

Clause 28: The computer program product of clause 26 or 27, wherein the transaction data associated with each payment transaction of the plurality of payment transactions comprises at least one of product identification data identifying a product, price data identifying a price of the product, merchant data identifying a merchant of the plurality of merchants, location data identifying a location of the merchant, time data identifying a time of the payment transaction, or any combination thereof.

Clause 29: The computer program product of any one of clauses 26-28, wherein the inventory data comprises product data associated with a plurality of products, the product data associated with each product of the plurality of products comprising product identification data identifying the product.

Clause 30: The computer program product of any one of clauses 26-29, wherein the inventory data further comprises at least one of price data identifying a price of each product of the plurality of products, cost data identifying a cost of each product of the plurality of products, source data identifying a source of each product of the plurality of products, or any combination thereof.

Clause 31: The computer program product of any one of clauses 26-30, wherein the preference data comprises at least one of a target amount of revenue, a target amount of profit, a target number of products, a target margin between a sales price and a cost of a product, a target reduction in costs, a request for identification of a new type of product for inclusion in an inventory of the first merchant, a request for identification of a new location for selling a product in the inventory of the first merchant, or any combination thereof.

Clause 32: A system for providing at least one recommendation, comprising: a plurality of merchant computing devices of a plurality of merchants including a first merchant computing device of a first merchant; and at least one transaction service provider device configured to: receive transaction data associated with a plurality of payment transactions from the plurality of merchant computing devices; receive inventory data associated with the first merchant from the first merchant computing device; receive preference data associated with the first merchant from the first merchant computing device; determine at least one recommendation for the first merchant based on the transaction data, the inventory data, and the preference data; and transmit the at least one recommendation to the first merchant computing device, wherein the first merchant computing device is further configured to: display the at least one recommendation to the first merchant.

Clause 33: The system of clause 32, wherein the at least one recommendation comprises at least one of a recommended price for a product in an inventory of the first merchant, a recommendation to purchase a number of products for inclusion in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended discount offer for a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended cost for a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended demographic target for advertising, a recommended geographic target for advertising, a recommended new location for selling a product in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended new type of product to purchase for inclusion in the inventory of the first merchant, a recommended new type of payment to accept, or any combination thereof.

Clause 34: The system of clause 32 or 33, wherein the transaction data associated with each payment transaction of the plurality of payment transactions comprises at least one of product identification data identifying a product, price data identifying a price of the product, merchant data identifying a merchant of the plurality of merchants, location data identifying a location of the merchant, time data identifying a time of the payment transaction, or any combination thereof.

Clause 35: The system of any one of clauses 32-34, wherein the inventory data comprises product data associated with a plurality of products, the product data associated with each product of the plurality of products comprising product identification data identifying the product.

Clause 36: The system of any one of clauses 32-35, wherein the inventory data further comprises at least one of price data identifying a price of each product of the plurality of products, cost data identifying a cost of each product of the plurality of products, source data identifying a source of each product of the plurality of products, or any combination thereof.

Clause 37: The system of any one of clauses 32-36, wherein the preference data comprises at least one of a target amount of revenue, a target amount of profit, a target number of products, a target margin between a sales price and a cost of a product, a target reduction in costs, a request for identification of a new type of product for inclusion in an inventory of the first merchant, a request for identification of a new location for selling a product in the inventory of the first merchant, or any combination thereof.

These and other features and characteristics of the presently disclosed subject matter, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related elements of structures and the combination of parts and economies of manufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following description and the appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the various figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the disclosed subject matter. As used in the specification and the claims, the singular form of “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

