BACKGROUND

Conventional media systems can pause and resume programs. In some cases, conventional media systems can also create bookmarks on multimedia presentations and save these bookmarks for later access. For example, a user watching a television show can bookmark his current viewing progress of an on-demand program if he or she has to attend to something urgent, and return to it at a later time. However, the pause or bookmark may occur in the middle of a scene or a sentence. This may cause confusion for the user when he returns to the program some time later. The user might not instantly remember where he left off in the program. In such conventional media systems, the user must either try to recall the plot as the program continues or manually rewind the program to a previous scene that he does remember.

SUMMARY

Systems and methods are described to address shortcomings in conventional media systems by resuming a paused media asset from a logical point. A logical point in a paused media asset is a position (usually different from the paused position) that helps the user viewing the media asset to recall the context of the media asset after he or she resumes it sometime later. The logical point may be different depending on the context of the media asset and the user. In some embodiments, once the user has paused the media asset, a media guidance application automatically analyzes the paused position (or “pause point”) of the media asset to determine if it is in the middle of a sentence. In some embodiments, the determination may be based on metadata associated with the media asset that outlines the time stamps for each and every sentence in the media asset. In some other embodiments, the media guidance application may rely on speech recognition and/or natural language processing (NLP) rules to determine whether the user paused in the middle of a sentence. In some embodiments, the media guidance application may use a combination of metadata and NLP rules to make this determination.

In some embodiments, if the media guidance application has determined that the paused position of the media asset is in the middle of a sentence, the media guidance application may determine a position within the media asset that corresponds to the start of the paused sentence. This determination may be based on the metadata associated with the media asset, speech recognition using NLP rules, or a combination of the two. Once the media guidance application has determined where the start of the sentence is, it may receive a subsequent user instruction to resume the media asset. Instead of rearming the media asset from where it was paused, the media guidance application may automatically resume from the start of the sentence, thereby allowing the user to recall more easily what he was watching by having a buffer period for him to adjust.

In some embodiments, in addition to determining if the media asset is paused in the middle of a sentence, the media guidance application may determine whether the media asset is paused in the middle of a plot line, a scene, or a particular character or speaker's unfinished line. In some embodiments, the media guidance application may implement a playback hierarchy to make this determination. For example, the playback hierarchy may contain time stamps for every plot line, scene change, character movements, speaker lines, and sentences in the media asset. Of course, the playback hierarchy could also include a subset of the above-listed information, or any other playback information associated with the media asset. In some embodiments, this playback hierarchy may be included in the metadata of the media asset, such that the media guidance application receives the playback hierarchy along with the metadata from a remote server.

With the playback hierarchy, the media guidance application may resume the media asset after receiving a user input to do so, by generating the media asset for display from the beginning of the cut-off scene, the beginning of the cut-off line of a particular speaker, the most recent change of speaker, and so on. For example, the media guidance application may determine that Linda, a speaker in the on-demand program, is completing her last sentence in a debate with James, another speaker in the on-demand program when it receives an input from the user to pause the on-demand program. Upon receiving a further user input to resume the paused on-demand program, the media guidance application may resume from the beginning of Linda's cut-off sentence, the beginning of the very first sentence that Linda speaks in this debate scene, the beginning of the debate scene, or any of a number of different starting points, in order to give the user a reminder of the on-demand program's context and resume from a logical point for the user.

In some embodiments, the media guidance application may determine what the logical starting point for the user under his or her current situation is by keeping track of how long the user has been away for. For example, if the user has only been away for a few seconds, the media guidance application may simply resume from the same point as the paused position of the media asset, because the user may still have a vivid memory of where he paused the media asset. If, in another example, the media guidance application determines that the user has been away for a few hours, the media guidance application may resume the media asset from further back, such as from the beginning of the current speaker's lines. In a further example, if the media guidance application determines that the user has been away for days, the media guidance application may resume the media asset from the beginning of the scene, or even from the beginning of the media asset itself, to give the user more information to recall.

In some embodiments, the media guidance application may allow the user to customize how far back to resume a media asset as a function of his length of absence. For example, the media guidance application may receive user selection to resume the media asset from the same point as the paused position if the user has been away for less than two minutes, and resume the media asset from the start of the scene if he has been away for two hours or more. In some embodiments, the user customization of how far back to resume need not be configured as a function of his absence and can, instead, be an absolute time period. For example, the media guidance application may receive user input to configure his settings on these issues. According to the user's settings, the media guidance application may resume the media asset from a position that is 30 seconds before the paused position if he has been away for less than an hour, and resume from a point that is 5 minutes before the paused position if he has been away for longer than half a day. In some embodiments, the media guidance application may perform a temporal “snap-in” when resuming the media asset from a fixed time period before the paused position in order to avoid starting from the middle of a sentence. For example, if the media guidance application resumed a paused on-demand program from a point in time that is 5 minutes before the paused position, based on the user's settings, and the point happens to cut into the middle of a sentence (or the middle of a particular character's line, etc.), the media guidance application may go back a little further to the beginning of the sentence (or the beginning of the line, etc.) to produce a logical starting point, despite the user's configuration of 5 minutes.

In some embodiments, the media guidance application may receive the user's input to pause the media asset from a first device and receive the user's input to resume the media asset from a second device. For example, the media guidance application may determine that a user has watched the on-demand program for 30 minutes on a television before pausing it and, subsequently, turned to his cell phone to resume watching the same on-demand program there. In some embodiments, the media guidance application may perform the same methods as described above, by resuming the media asset for the user, on the second device, from a position before the paused position on the first device depending on how long the user has been away for. In some other embodiments, the media guidance application running on the first device may receive the user input to resume the media asset, whereby the user input may specifically demand resuming the media asset from the second device. For example, the media guidance application running on the television may receive user input to pause the on-demand program, and later on receive another user input to resume the on-demand program on the user's connected cell phone. Responsive to the user input on the television, the media guidance application running on the user's cell phone may automatically begin playing the on-demand program from a logical position, as defined in the various embodiments in the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, after receiving the user's input to pause a media asset, the media guidance application may monitor the user's subsequent viewing of the same media asset to determine how far back to resume. For example, the media guidance application may determine that the user first began watching the on-demand program on a television and paused after 30 minutes, resumed the on-demand program a few hours later on a cell phone and paused again after 20 minutes, and finally resumed the on-demand program two days later on the television again. In this example, the media guidance application may take into account the user's viewing of the on-demand program on the cell phone in calculating how far back to resume the on-demand program on the television. The time period that the user has been away for since the last time he accessed the on-demand program (i.e., from the cell phone) will be used to determine how far back to resume the on-demand program on the television. In some other embodiments, the total amount of time that the user has been away for from the first device may alternatively be used by the media guidance application to determine how far back to resume the on-demand program.

In some aspects, the systems and methods described provide for resuming a media asset. A media guidance application may extract metadata associated with the media asset. The metadata includes a plurality of positions in the media asset. For example, the media guidance application may receive an on-demand program on the first presidential debate of the year when a user selects the program for display. The media guidance application may extract metadata associated with the on-demand program that contains six segments of videos lasting for a total of 90 minutes. The metadata in this example may include, among other things, time stamps corresponding to the start time and end time for each segment, for each candidate's response, and for each sentence. For consistency, we assume that the on-demand program as used in this example runs from 00:00:00 to 01:30:00.

In some embodiments, the media guidance application may receive a first input from a user to pause the media asset at a first position of the plurality of positions. For example, the media guidance application may receive an input from a user to pause the on-demand program halfway through the debate. The paused first position may correspond to 01:02:01, a time stamp among a plurality of time stamps. In some embodiments, the plurality of time stamps may be all the time stamps available from the metadata associated with the media asset, that is, each and every time stamp within the range of 00:00:00 and 01:30:00.

In some embodiments, based on receiving the first input from the user, the media guidance application may store the first position in a bookmark for the media asset, determine that the first position in the media asset corresponds to a middle of a sentence based on the metadata, determine a second position of the plurality of positions in the media asset corresponding to a start of the sentence based on the metadata, and update the bookmark to include the second position. For example, based on receiving the first input from the user to pause the on-demand program at 01:02:01, the media guidance application may store the first position (e.g., “01:02:01”) in the bookmark. The media guidance application may subsequently determine that the first position corresponds to the middle of a sentence based on the metadata, which, as described above, contains the start and end times of each sentence in the on-demand program. In this particular example, the media guidance application may determine from the metadata that a sentence being spoken by one of the characters runs from 01:01:59 to 01:02:21. Based on the metadata, the media guidance application may determine the start of the paused sentence is at 01:01:59, and update the bookmark from the first position (“01:02:01”) to the second position (“01:01:59”).

In some embodiments, the media guidance application may update the bookmark to include the second position by removing the first position from the bookmark for the media asset, and inserting the second position in the bookmark. For example, the media guidance application may update the bookmark by removing the first position (“01:02:01”) from the bookmark and inserting the second position (“01:01:59”) into the bookmark.

In some embodiments, the media guidance application may receive a second input from the user to resume the media asset. Based on receiving the second input from the user, the media guidance application may generate the media asset for display from the bookmark. For example, the media guidance application may receive a second input from the user a few minutes after receiving the first input to pause the program, in order to resume the on-demand program. Based on receiving the second input, the media guidance application may generate the program for display from the bookmarked second position (“01:01:59”) that corresponds to the beginning of the sentence that was cut off by the pause.

In some embodiments, the media guidance application may determine that the first position in the media asset corresponds to the middle of the sentence by determining, based on the metadata, a third position of the plurality of positions in the media asset corresponding to an end of the sentence, and comparing the first position against the second and the third positions to determine that the first position is before the third position and is after the second position. Continuing from the above examples, the media guidance application may determine that the paused sentence at the first position (“01:02:01”) has a third position corresponding to the end of the sentence (“01:02:21”). The media guidance application may compare the first position (“01:02:01”) against the second (“01:01:59”) and third (“01:02:21”) positions to determine that the first position is before the third position and is after the second position. Based on this, the media guidance application is able to determine that the paused position cuts a sentence in the middle.

In some embodiments, the metadata associated with the media asset may include caption text. The media guidance application may determine that the first position in the media asset corresponds to the middle of the sentence by analyzing the caption text to determine the sentence corresponding to the first position, and applying a grammar rule to the sentence corresponding to the first position to determine that the sentence is incomplete. In some embodiments, the metadata associated with the on-demand debate program may include on-screen caption and/or subtitles that are either manually entered or automatically generated for the program. In some other embodiments, the metadata may not include on-screen caption, and the media guidance application may implement a speech recognition module to automatically convert the audio stream of the program into caption text. For example, the media guidance application may analyze the caption text to determine the sentence corresponding to the first position (“01:02:01”) where the media asset is paused, and apply one or more grammar rules to the sentence to determine if it is incomplete. In some embodiments, the media guidance application may carter out the grammatical analysis of the speech-converted caption text independent of the analysis using metadata associated with the media asset. For example, the media guidance application may parse an audio stream of the media asset into sentences and apply grammar rules to test whether each and every element of a sentence (e.g., subject, verb, and object) are present in the sentences. In this example, the parsing and grammar analysis are performed independent of the metadata associated with the media asset. In some other embodiments, the grammatical analysis may be carried out to supplement the metadata analysis. For example, the media guidance application may carry out analysis of the sentence at the first position using both the metadata, which includes on-screen caption, and the speech recognition module, in the event that there is a mismatch between the on-screen caption included in the metadata and the speech-converted caption text as derived from the speech recognition module.

In some embodiments, the metadata associated with the media asset further includes a field for a current speaker of the media asset and an indication of a start of the current speaker's line. For example, the metadata associated with the on-demand program may include a field for a current speaker, such as James, as well as an indication of a start of the current speaker's line, such as a starting time stamp for James' line (e.g., “01:00:52”) in a debate scene with Linda. Here, the starting time stamp for James' line refers to the time stamp corresponding to the beginning of one of James' continuous lines. In a hypothetical debate between James and Linda, which runs from 01:00:52 to 01:33:21, James may begin with a first sentence from 01:00:52 to 01:01:01 and a second sentence from 01:01:01 to 01:01:03. Linda may respond with a sentence from 01:01:12 to 01:01:51 followed by a sentence from 01:01:59 to 01:02:21. In accordance with the embodiments discussed above, if the media guidance application pauses the debate at 01:02:01 (i.e., in the middle of Linda's second sentence during the debate), the starting time stamp of Linda's line would be 01:01:12 (i.e., the beginning of her first sentence), whereas the start time of Linda's second sentence would be 01:01:59.

In some embodiments, the media guidance application may receive a third input from the user to pause the media asset at a third position, and receive a fourth input from the user to resume the media asset. Based on receiving the fourth input from the user to resume the media asset, the media guidance application may determine the current speaker whose line is paused at the third position, and generate the media asset for display at the start of the current speaker's line. For example, the media guidance application may receive a further input from the user to pause the on-demand program at a third position (“01:02:01”), and, subsequently, receive a fourth input from the user to resume the program. Based on receiving the fourth input from the user, the media guidance application may determine that Linda is the speaker who is currently reciting a line when the input to pause is received, and resume the program from the start of Linda's lines (“01:01:12”).

In some embodiments, the metadata associated with the media asset includes a field for playback information of a recent scene. For example, the metadata associated with the on-demand program may include playback information, such as start and stop time stamps, for the debate scene. In some embodiments, the media asset guidance application may receive a third input from the user to pause the media asset, and receive a fourth input form the user to resume the media asset. In response to receiving the fourth input from the user to resume the media asset, the media guidance application may analyze the playback information of the recent scene to determine a start of the recent scene, and generate the media asset for display at the start of the recent scene. For example, the media guidance application may analyze the playback information of the debate scene to determine its starting time stamp. The starting time stamp of the debate scene may be 01:00:52, when James first started the debate with Linda. Based on receiving the fourth input from the user to resume the media asset, the media guidance application may generate the on-demand program for display beginning at the starting time stamp of the debate scene.

In some embodiments, the start of the recent scene corresponds to a start of a recent chapter, a start of a recent episode, or a start of the media asset. For example, the term “recent scene” may be broadly defined to include not just a theatrical scene, but may refer to a scene of a movie, a chapter of a program or movie, an episode of a program series, or a media asset itself. Consequently, the start of the recent scene may refer to the starting time stamp of a scene, a chapter, an episode, or a media asset.

In some embodiments, the media guidance application may determine a time period between receiving the third input to pause the media asset and receiving the fourth input to resume the media asset, and compare the time period against a threshold time period. In response to determining that the time period is greater than the threshold time period, the media guidance application may generate the media asset for display at the start of the recent scene. In response to determining that the time period is not greater than the threshold, however, the media guidance application may generate the media asset for display from the first position. For example, the media guidance application may keep track of the amount of time that the user has paused the on-demand program by determining a time period between receiving an input to pause the program and receiving another input to resume the program. The media guidance application may then compare the time period against a threshold time period to determine whether the time period exceeds the threshold time period. If the media guidance application determines that the threshold time period is exceeded, the media guidance application may resume the on-demand program beginning from the start of the recent scene (“01:00:52” of the debate scene), as discussed in the preceding example. If, however, the threshold time period is not exceeded, the media guidance application may resume the on-demand program beginning from the same position where it is paused (the paused position at “01:02:01”).

In some embodiments, the media guidance application may generate for display to the user a plurality of options, wherein each option of the plurality of options corresponds to a threshold time period. For example, the media guidance application may let the user decide how to configure the threshold time period, and display a number of options each corresponding to a potential threshold time period for the user to select. In some embodiments, the media guidance application may receive a user selection of an option from the plurality of options, wherein the selected option designates a corresponding threshold time period that the user is allowed to be absent for without resuming the media asset from an earlier position. For example, the media guidance application may notify the user at a settings page that a selection of a particular time period as a threshold time period would cause the system to resume a paused on-demand program from an earlier position if the user has paused the program for longer than the threshold time period. The media guidance application may receive further user input in the settings page to configure other behaviors related to the pause-resume features.

In some embodiments, the media guidance application may receive the first input from the user with a media device and may receive the second input from the user to resume the media asset with a different media device than the media device used to receive the first input. For example, the media guidance application may he implemented on two different media devices: a television and a cell phone. The media guidance application implemented on the television may receive the first user input to pause the on-demand program, e.g., at the end of James' lines in the above-described debate scene. Thereafter, the media guidance application implemented on the cell phone may receive the second user input to resume the on-demand program. Here, the features and embodiments as described above are equally applicable. For example, the media guidance application may receive the user input to pause the on-demand program at 01:02:01, in the middle of Linda's second sentence in the debate scene, at the television. Subsequently, the media guidance application may resume the program at 01:01:59 (i.e., at the start of the sentence), at 01:01:12 (i.e., at the start of Linda's line), or at 01:00:52 (i.e., at the start of the debate scene) from the cell phone in response to receiving the user's input to resume the program from there.

In some aspects, the systems and methods described provide for resuming a media asset. In some embodiments, a media guidance application may receive, at a first time, a first input from a user to pause a media asset at a first position. For example, the media guidance application may receive a first input to pause a recorded program at position 01:02:01, at 7:00 AM. In some embodiments, the media guidance application may receive, at second time, a second input from the user to resume the media asset. For example, the media guidance application may receive a second input to resume the recorded program at 8:00 AM. In some embodiments, the media guidance application may determine whether a time period between the first time and the second time is greater than a threshold time period. For example, the media guidance application may determine the time period between 7:00 AM and 8:00 AM, i.e., one hour, is greater than a threshold time period (e.g., 30 minutes).

In some embodiments, in response to determining that the time period is greater than the threshold time period, the media guidance application may receive metadata from a database, wherein the metadata comprises a plurality of time stamps, each time stamp of the plurality of time stamps corresponding to a starting time of a plurality of scenes of the media asset, store the plurality of time stamps and the plurality of scenes as a playback hierarchy, determine a start of a recent scene of the media asset from the playback hierarchy based on the first position, set the start of the recent scene as a second position of the media asset, and generate the media asset for display beginning at the second position preceding the first position. Continuing with the example above from this aspect of the disclosure, the media guidance application may, in response to determining that the one-hour time period is greater than the threshold time period of 30 minutes, receive metadata associated with the recorded program from a remote media content database, the metadata comprising time stamps corresponding to scenes within the recorded program. The media guidance application may store the time stamps and the scenes of the recorded program as a playback hierarchy for the program. Based on the first position where the recorded program is paused (“01:02:01”), the media guidance application may determine a start of the debate scene (i.e., “01:00:52”) and set the start of the debate scene as the second position to resume the recorded program from.

In some embodiments, in response to determining that the time period is not greater than the threshold time period, the media guidance application may generate the media asset for display beginning at the first position. For example, if the time period that the user is away for is not greater than the threshold time period of 30 minutes, the media guidance application may resume the recorded program from the first position, i.e., 01:02:01, where it is paused.

In some embodiments, the media guidance application may generate for display to the user a plurality of options, wherein each option of the plurality of options corresponds to a threshold time period. For example, the media guidance application may generate a plurality of threshold time periods as selectable options to the user, such as “5 minutes”, “15 minutes”, “30 minutes”, “one day” etc. In some embodiments, the media guidance application may receive a user selection of an option from the plurality of options, wherein the selected option designates a corresponding threshold time period that the user is allowed to be absent for without resuming the media asset from an earlier position. For example, the media guidance application may receive a selection of “30 minutes” from the user, which designates that the user allowed to be absent for 30 minutes without the media guidance application automatically resuming the program from an earlier position when the user selects to resume it. In other words, the user's selection of “30 minutes” as the threshold time period would cause the media guidance application to resume the program from an earlier position (e.g., start of scene, start of line, etc.) when the user has paused the program for longer than the threshold time period.

In some embodiments, the metadata comprises data on a plurality of commercial breaks associated with the media asset. In some embodiments, the plurality of time stamps corresponds to end times of the plurality of commercial breaks. For example, in some on-demand programs, the metadata associated with a program includes information on commercial break data, which may be used as a proxy for scene or chapter hierarchy of the program. The time stamps of the plurality of positions in the playback hierarchy may correspond to the end times of the commercial breaks.

In some embodiments, the media guidance application may set the start of the recent scene as the second position of the media asset by determining from the playback hierarchy a first time stamp associated with the start of the recent scene, determine from the playback hierarchy a second time stamp associated with an end of the recent scene, compare the first position against the first and second time stamps, and, in response to determining that the first position is before the second time stamp and is after the first time stamp, assigning the first time stamp to the second position. For example, the media guidance application may set the starting time of the recent debate scene between Linda and James (i.e., “01:00:52”) as a first time stamp and the end time of the debate scene (i.e., “01:33:21”) as a second time stamp. In response to determining that the first position (i.e., “01:02:01”, where the program is paused) is before the second time stamp and temporally after the first time stamp, the media guidance application may assign the first time stamp, i.e., “01:00:52” corresponding to the start of the debate scene, to the second position to be added to the bookmark.

In some embodiments, the start of the recent scene corresponds to a start of a recent sentence, a start of a recent chapter, a start of a recent episode, or a start of the media asset. For example, the term “recent scene” may be broadly defined to include not just a theatrical scene, but may refer to a sentence of a media asset, a scene of a movie, a chapter of a program or movie, an episode of a program series, or the media asset itself. Consequently, the start of the recent scene may refer to the starting time stamp of a sentence, a scene, a chapter, an episode, or a media asset.

In some embodiments, the first input from the user is received at the media device, and wherein the media asset is resumed at another media device. For example, as discussed before, the media guidance application may be implemented on two or more media devices, such that the pause and resume actions may be received by the media guidance application(s) implemented on different devices.

In some embodiments, the metadata associated with the media asset includes a field for a current speaker of the media asset and an indication of a start of the current speaker's line. In some embodiments, the media guidance application may receive a third input from the user to pause the media asset and receive a fourth input from the user to resume the media asset. Based on receiving the fourth input from the user to resume the media asset, the media guidance application may determine the current speaker whose line is paused at the first position, and generate the media asset for display at the start of the current speaker's line. For example, the metadata associated with the on-demand program may include a field for a current speaker, such as James, as well as an indication of a start of the current speaker's line, such as a starting time stamp for James' line (e.g., “01:00:52”) in a debate scene with Linda. Here, the starting time stamp for James' line refers to the time stamp corresponding to the beginning of one of James' continuous lines. In the hypothetical debate between James and Linda, which runs from 01:00:52 to 01:33:21, James may begin with a first sentence from 01:00:52 to 01:01:01 and a second sentence from 01:01:01 to 01:01:03. Linda may respond with a sentence from 01:01:12 to 01:01:51 followed by a sentence from 01:01:59 to 01:02:21. In accordance with the embodiments discussed herein, if the media guidance application pauses the debate at 01:02:01 (i.e., in the middle of Linda's second sentence during the debate), the media guidance application may resume the debate scene for the user, based on receiving the user's input, from the start of Linda's line at 01:01:12.

In some embodiments, the above-used threshold time period is a first threshold time period, and the metadata comprises a plurality of additional time stamps corresponding to starting times of a plurality of sentences of the media asset. In some embodiments, the media guidance application may further determine whether the time period between the first time and the second time is not greater than the first threshold time period and is greater than a second threshold time period. In response to determining that the time period is not greater than the first threshold time period and is greater than the second threshold time period, the media guidance application may analyze the metadata to determine that the first position is in-between a start and an end of a recent sentence, and generate the media asset for display at the start of the recent sentence. For example, in addition to the original threshold time period of “30 minutes” configured by the user, the media guidance application may receive a further input from the user to configure a second threshold time period of “5 minutes.” Based on these two thresholds, the media guidance application may determine that the time period between the user instruction to pause the program and the user instruction to resume the program (e.g., 12 minutes) is greater than the second threshold (i.e., “5 minutes”) but is not greater than the first threshold (i.e., “30 minutes”). In response to this determination, the media guidance application may further determine that the paused position (at “01:02:01”) is in the middle of a sentence, and resume the on-demand program for the user from the start of the sentence (i.e., “01:01:59”) rather than from the start of the scene (i.e., “01:00:52”).

In some embodiments, the media guidance application may analyze the metadata to determine that the first position is in-between the start and the end of the recent sentence by updating the playback hierarchy with the plurality of additional time stamps and the plurality of sentences, determining the start of the recent sentence of the media asset from the playback hierarchy based on the first position, setting the start of the recent sentence as a third position of the media asset, and generating the media asset for display beginning at the third position preceding the first position. For example, in order to determine that the paused first position is in-between the start and end of a recent sentence, the media guidance application may update the playback hierarchy with a plurality of time stamps corresponding to a plurality of sentences in the on-demand program, such that the playback hierarchy for the program contains not only scene-level and character-level time stamps, but also sentence-level time stamps. Once the media guidance application determines that the first position (“01:02:01”) is in-between the start (“01:01:59”) and end (“01:02:21”) of Linda's second sentence in the debate scene, the media guidance application may set the time stamp for the start of the sentence as the third position of the program and resume the program from the third position (“01:01:59”) preceding the first position (“01:02:01”).

It should be noted that the systems, methods, apparatuses, and/or aspects described above may be applied to, or used in accordance with, other systems, methods, apparatuses, and/or aspects described in this disclosure.

