BACKGROUND

Digital cameras and other optical imaging devices employ an image sensor that converts electromagnetic radiation into digital data used to form digital images. An image sensor typically is an integrated circuit (IC) that includes an array of pixel sensors, each of which generates an electrical signal based on electromagnetic illumination of a given area over a given time period. Pixel sensors are often based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, in which case the image sensor is referred to as a CMOS image sensor (CIS).

