BACKGROUND

On the roadmap towards building a scalable, silicon-based quantum computer, several milestones have already been achieved. Some embodiments: The development of a single-ion implantation technology that allows the precise placement of individual phosphorus atoms in silicon; The application of advanced nanofabrication, microwave and low-temperature techniques to the production and characterization of Single Electron Transistors (rf-SETs), with a charge sensitivity close to the quantum limit; The control and detection of single electron transfers between individual phosphorus donors, obtained by combining the single-ion implantation and SET techniques; and, The layout of quantum device structures for universal fault-tolerant quantum computation and the subsequent analysis of the error threshold.

