@inproceedings{
zhang2024boostadapter,
title={BoostAdapter: Improving Vision-Language Test-Time Adaptation via Regional Bootstrapping},
author={Taolin Zhang and Jinpeng Wang and Hang Guo and Tao Dai and Bin Chen and Shu-Tao Xia},
booktitle={The Thirty-eighth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems},
year={2024},
url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=8tOYl6WsGY}
}
Adaptation of 
pretrained vision-language models such as CLIP to various downstream tasks have raised great interest in recent researches. 
Previous works have proposed a variety of test-time adaptation (TTA) methods to achieve strong generalization without any knowledge of the target domain. 
However, existing training-required TTA approaches like TPT necessitate entropy minimization that involves large computational overhead, while training-free methods like TDA overlook the potential for information mining from the test samples themselves.
In this paper, we break down the design of existing popular training-required and training-free TTA methods and bridge the gap between them within our framework.
Specifically, we maintain a light-weight key-value memory for feature retrieval from  instance-agnostic historical samples and instance-aware boosting samples. 
The historical samples are filtered from the testing data stream and serve to extract useful information from the target distribution, while the boosting samples are drawn from regional bootstrapping and capture the knowledge of the test sample itself.
We theoretically justify the rationality behind our method and empirically verify its effectiveness on both the out-of-distribution and the cross-domain datasets, showcasing its applicability in  real-world situations.
BoostAdapter: Improving Vision-Language Test-Time Adaptation via Regional Bootstrapping
Taolin Zhang Jinpeng Wang Hang Guo Tao Dai Bin Chen Shu-Tao Xia