<story><title>List of oldest continuously inhabited cities</title><url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oldest_continuously_inhabited_cities</url></story><parent_chain><item><author>c54</author><text>Why hasn’t Indian history been better researched as you say? Curious about this.</text></item><item><author>TriNetra</author><text>Indian history hasn&amp;#x27;t been well researched because of various reasons. However, recent efforts are pushing back continuous settlement dates by multi-thousand of years. For instance: Varanasi is in above wiki link with 1200 BC as inhabited since. However [0] pushes it back to at least 4500 BC.&lt;p&gt;0: &lt;a href=&quot;https:&amp;#x2F;&amp;#x2F;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&amp;#x2F;city&amp;#x2F;kolkata&amp;#x2F;Varanasi-is-as-old-as-Indus-valley-civilization-finds-IIT-KGP-study&amp;#x2F;articleshow&amp;#x2F;51146196.cms&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https:&amp;#x2F;&amp;#x2F;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&amp;#x2F;city&amp;#x2F;kolkata&amp;#x2F;Varanasi-is...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; The results that have come from a detailed geo-exploration (exploration conducted through GPS technology) conducted by seven IIT-Kgp departments, tracing the different stages through which civilization progressed, and how Varanasi has been able to maintain continuity as a living civilization, unlike comparable seats of human settlement in the world. The researchers have dug 100-metre-deep boring holes all over Varanasi to conclude that there is evidence of continuous settlement at least till 2000BC. There are enough indications that by the time the data collection is over, there would be enough to prove that this date can be pushed back to about 4500BC.The oldest part of this civilisation has been traced to the Gomati Sangam area of Varanasi, as indicated by the underground layers that have already been tested.</text></item></parent_chain><comment><author>KhoomeiK</author><text>Can&amp;#x27;t say much about recent history, but the deep archaeological past of India (&amp;gt;~5kya) is difficult to study in part because of the environmental conditions. The heat and humidity make preservation of artifacts over long periods of time nearly impossible, meaning that even though the Gangetic plain was one of the most populated regions on the planet for millennia in the past, there&amp;#x27;s minimal trace of this civilization left. Ancient tools, shelters, and human remains just decompose in that type of climate rather than being preserved like in the deserts of the Middle East or the cold regions of Northern China and Europe.</text></comment>
<story><title>List of oldest continuously inhabited cities</title><url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oldest_continuously_inhabited_cities</url></story><parent_chain><item><author>c54</author><text>Why hasn’t Indian history been better researched as you say? Curious about this.</text></item><item><author>TriNetra</author><text>Indian history hasn&amp;#x27;t been well researched because of various reasons. However, recent efforts are pushing back continuous settlement dates by multi-thousand of years. For instance: Varanasi is in above wiki link with 1200 BC as inhabited since. However [0] pushes it back to at least 4500 BC.&lt;p&gt;0: &lt;a href=&quot;https:&amp;#x2F;&amp;#x2F;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&amp;#x2F;city&amp;#x2F;kolkata&amp;#x2F;Varanasi-is-as-old-as-Indus-valley-civilization-finds-IIT-KGP-study&amp;#x2F;articleshow&amp;#x2F;51146196.cms&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https:&amp;#x2F;&amp;#x2F;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&amp;#x2F;city&amp;#x2F;kolkata&amp;#x2F;Varanasi-is...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; The results that have come from a detailed geo-exploration (exploration conducted through GPS technology) conducted by seven IIT-Kgp departments, tracing the different stages through which civilization progressed, and how Varanasi has been able to maintain continuity as a living civilization, unlike comparable seats of human settlement in the world. The researchers have dug 100-metre-deep boring holes all over Varanasi to conclude that there is evidence of continuous settlement at least till 2000BC. There are enough indications that by the time the data collection is over, there would be enough to prove that this date can be pushed back to about 4500BC.The oldest part of this civilisation has been traced to the Gomati Sangam area of Varanasi, as indicated by the underground layers that have already been tested.</text></item></parent_chain><comment><author>dilippkumar</author><text>I started studying Indian history and I immediately ran into problems.&lt;p&gt;The first one is language - in the region I am interested in (the southern parts of India) - primary sources appear in several different languages. It&amp;#x27;s not sufficient to have passing familiarity with a language - a ton of these ancient writers were poets trying to out-do each other with their skills at crafting verses. To research Indian history, one must learn several languages.&lt;p&gt;As someone who isn&amp;#x27;t trying to actively research history, secondary sources suffice for me. But then, one runs into the next big hurdle there. There have been very few authors writing about south Indian history post Independence. In 1928 (if I recall correctly), someone at the University of Madras wrote a PhD thesis on the Pallavas. I haven&amp;#x27;t been able to find any other material focused on the Pallavas published since then. Oh, and the 1928 PhD thesis - there&amp;#x27;s only a handful of those copies in the really large libraries around the world. A low quality scan of one of these copies has made it to the internet - and that remains my best source of information on the Pallava dynasty.&lt;p&gt;Then there are people like the Khalbaras - a bunch of rulers who came out of nowhere and ended up dominating 3 superpowers in that region. Yet, these guys didn&amp;#x27;t leave behind any historical record and only passing references to them as &amp;quot;the imprisoners of 3 crown princes&amp;quot; remain as tombstones and signposts for a group of rulers who would have to take down armies of war elephants multiple times to get to that point.&lt;p&gt;There are also open problems of Chronology in several important periods (for example, the era covered by the Sangam literature - Karikala and all those guys). This is basically a group of poems that record history in disconnected joints. (It&amp;#x27;s not known how much of this is real history and how much is invented by poets). We have the pieces of a puzzle, with possibly some fake pieces, but we don&amp;#x27;t know how you&amp;#x27;d arrange them in a timeline.&lt;p&gt;And then, there&amp;#x27;s the wars. Anyone who studies Indian history will quickly realize that Gandhi is an extreme anomaly. In southern India, it was a matter of pride for a king to die in battle. Imagine a culture where the rulers have cultural incentives to be &lt;i&gt;suicidally&lt;/i&gt;  belligerent (with War Elephants!!!). Now imagine a world where that is the cultural norm for over a thousand years. These rulers were warriors and the literature that they encouraged were mostly poets who wrote verses praising various military exploits. Several of these kingdoms emerge and disappear all the time - and they all chose different languages as the court language, several of them invented their own alphabets (looking at you Pallavas), they all straight up lied in several records. It&amp;#x27;s a lifetime&amp;#x27;s task to sort out 300 years of history for an area half the size of Germany.&lt;p&gt;Then, to make matters worse, almost all historical artifacts from south India were removed from the temples and forts that they have been found and made their way to various collectors and museums in Britan during the Britsh Raj. If you want to study south Indian history, a trip to a museum in London will give you a lot more than walking around endlessly in South India.&lt;p&gt;Then there&amp;#x27;s the lack of funding. It&amp;#x27;s absolutely embarrassing how little the various historians in India earn. Lately, I&amp;#x27;ve been finding more books by historians in America (and even Japan) than those written by people in India.&lt;p&gt;Then you have the frauds like Sanjeev Sanyal who destroy history by mixing up well established history and his own opinions on history and using the authenticity of the accepted history to add credibility to his baseless opinions.&lt;p&gt;Studying Indian history is hard.</text></comment>