Ecologies of complexity: Tropical environments, African trypanosomiasis, and the science of disease control in British colonial Africa, 1900-1940.
Tropical Africa was one of the last regions of the world to experience formal European colonialism, a process that coincided with the advent of a range of new scientific specialties and research methods. The history of British attempts to understand and control African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in cattle), following the intense human epidemics that broke out between 1895 and 1910, reveals hitherto ignored scientific research in the fields of ecology, epidemiology, and tropical medicine that helped produce a new understanding of the "ecology of disease." Often generated within a transnational and inter-disciplinary context, this knowledge increasingly assumed that vector-borne diseases in tropical environments were highly complex, dynamic,According to Russian press reports, the MInistry of Defense begins a modernization program that will equip Tu-95MS bombers with new avionics and allow the aircraft to remain in service until 2020-2025 and probably longer - until 2035. Izvestia quotes a source in the Russian Air Forces Main Staff as saying that the upgrade will allow the Tu-95MS bombers to carry the new Kh-101 long-range cruise missile.

In the last START data exchange that took place in 2009, Russia declared 63 deployed Tu-95MS bombers. According to the report, only 32 of them remain operational today and "about 60 aircraft" are in storage.