Allah and being doomed to hell on Judgment Day unless they accept the true faith.The Muslim Brotherhood gave a new slant to the age-old hatred. Hassan Banna, who founded the movement in 1928, transformed what was a “passive” phenomenon into a virulent doctrine, part of both his vision to restore the caliphate and his fight against the British occupation and Western influence on his country.The hand of the Jews was seen everywhere; they were allegedly attacking Islam and targeting the whole world.Adopting the message and model of Christian anti-Semitism, the Brothers initiated a program of incitement against Jews living in Egypt and fomented pogroms against the old Jewish quarter of Cairo. In the 1930s and ’40s, Banna developed his theories in countless writings, declaring the Jews the agentsof change and Westernization, and responsible for the decline of the West as well as of Islam.There is an inherent contradiction there, since the Brotherhood is fighting the West and its democratic values, which are alien to Islam. However, Banna corresponded with Hitler; there were contacts between the Brotherhood and the Nazis, and the Brothers published a translation ofunder the title. Caricatures from Der Stürmer and Nazi texts were translated and printed in their publications. The Brothers found willing allies in the strong German community living in Cairo in the ’30s, which included a number of Nazi agents.Those agents also helped the new pro- Nazi party, Misr Elfatat (Young Egypt), established at that time to destabilize the regime and fight the Jews.With the onset of World War II,