to assist in an investigatory stop of Arafat.   The Strongsville police pulled Arafat over,

removed him from his car, and placed him in handcuffs. Sergeant Bovenzi arrived on scene

20-30 seconds after the Strongsville Police pulled Arafat over. Sergeant Bovenzi testified that

he waited in his car until the Strongsville police had secured the suspect.   He explained that he

stayed in his car for safety reasons because he was dressed in plain clothes and driving a regular

car and the police officers might not know him.         Detective Frey arrived on scene shortly

thereafter.

        {¶10} Sergeant Bovenzi testified that as he approached Arafat’s car, he first noticed a

“fairly strong smell of marijuana emanating from the vehiclecriminal activity.     Sergeant Bovenzi observed the short

duration Arafat was in and out of his hotel room, that the car was not registered in Arafat’s name,

that he paid for the room in cash, that he re-upped the room “from one day to the next day,” and

that Arafat met the other man in a location other than where he was staying.         According to

Sergeant Bovenzi, his training and experience taught him that drug traffickers often meet

customers away from stash locations to reduce the risk the customer may burglarize or rob the

stash location. Sergeant Bovenzi explained that the totality of everything he had seen and was

aware of convinced him that a drug sale had occurred.

     