result of travel to the Games alone. In a stepwise manner, CDC successively excluded countries that did not meet the preceding criteria ( Table 1).

Research based on the previous four summer Olympics has indicated that travel during the Olympics typically does not exceed baseline travel volume patterns to the host city (Kamran Khan, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada, personal communication, June 2016). Therefore, for most countries, the number of passenger-journeys from Rio de Janeiro during August 2016 was assumed to be approximately the same as the number of journeys occurring during August 2015. Modeled data were used to estimate the number of passenger-journeys originating from Rio de Janeiro during August 2015.§ For the countries without documented passenger-journeys from Rio de Janeiro in Augustreflective mode, ambient light incident on the upper substrate passes through the liquid crystal layer, is reflected by the reflective film on the inner surface of the lower substrate, passes through the liquid crystal layer again, exits from the upper substrate, and then reaches the viewer. On the other hand, in the transmissive mode, the light from the backlight incident on the lower substrate passes through the liquid crystal layer via an opening in the reflective film, exits from the upper substrate, and then reaches the viewer. Therefore, with regard to the region where the reflective film is provided, the region where the opening is provided constitutes a transmissive display region, and the other region constitutes a reflective display region.
However, the related art transflective liquid crystal display has