least one ITN between baseline and endpoint surveys. In countries with very high levels of household ITN ownership, such as Rwanda and the United Republic of Tanzania, the chances of equitable distribution are inherently higher. Thus, the recent funding for malaria control[@R25] and the subsequent investment in mass ITN distribution campaigns have likely contributed to reduced inequity among wealth quintiles by increasing overall coverage.

Angola, Mali, Mozambique and Niger had close to equitable ITN ownership in their baseline surveys despite relatively low overall levels of ITN ownership. This finding could be due to early implementation of focused nationwide campaigns where ITN distributions were integrated with child health campaigns.[@R19]^,^[@R40]^--^[@R42] In Mali and Mozambique, ITN ownership remained equitably distributed in endpoint surveys, possibly due to the rollout of net-distribution campaigns toachieve universal coverage in 2008 and 2011.[@R43]^,^[@R44] However, Angola and Niger experienced a decrease in equity in their endpoint surveys despite low inequity at baseline. The trend of increasing inequity in Angola could be partially due to the timing of campaigns in relationship to the survey as well as a shift in ITN distribution from integrated campaigns to distribution in only selected municipalities.[@R45] Reasons for the worsened equity in Niger is less clear, but possible explanations could include the lack of implementation of free ITN distribution campaigns between baseline and endpoint surveys.[@R19]^,^[@R25] Madagascar and Senegal were the only countries that maintained levels of inequity from baseline to endpoint in favour of households from the lowest wealth quintiles.

The trend seen in Congo, Guinea, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe --