synonymous with leadership. It's partly from his later expedition where his ship went down and he had the magnificent voyage back, captured in Endurance, and his own book, South.

Steve: And the movie with Kenneth Branagh; he really had it going about 10 years ago.

Larson: Amazing stuff. And so in a way, Shackleton and to a lesser extent Amundsen eclipsed Scott's star mostly, and Scott had been reduced to the level of being a bit of a bungler. You can capture it in a way, that one time there were four pictures of Scott in the National Portrait gallery in England, which is sort of their pantheon of heroes—they're all gone. Shackleton is still up but Scott has gone. Well what allowed that to happen was leaving the roleof science out.

Steve: Right. The Norwegians, they just wanted to get to the South Pole, so they could travel light. But Scott had this scientific enterprise in mind also, so that necessitated all the other stuff they were carrying.

Larson: He had a huge team; he had 33 people down there. They were off on a variety of other expeditions. Many of their best men were involved in doing other things: trying to hunt for fossils, studying glaciers and glacial movements, studying climate, studying penguins.

Steve: That's another amazing thing about the article. They already were thinking about something that's still controversial in some circles today—it's pretty much been decided—that is that birds evolved from reptiles. Again that was something that was not accepted until fairly recently, but there were