                        Defendants‐Appellants. 
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        Appeals from the United States District Court for the 
                   Western District of Wisconsin. 
        No. 3:15‐CR‐00021 — William M. Conley, Chief Judge. 
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       ARGUED APRIL 27, 2016 — DECIDED JUNE 13, 2016 
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  In March 1994, after The Ubyssey, the University of British Columbia’s (UBC) student newspaper, ran a satirical full-page ad criticizing the UBC Alma Mater Society (AMS), the AMS fired the editors of The Ubyssey and replaced them with their own. When things fell apart, the AMS changed the locks to The Ubyssey’s office and shut down the paper. At the time, this was possible because The Ubyssey was published and funded the AMS.

In response, Ubyssey editors began gathering signatures from students to hold a referendum for a student levy that would support the revival of a new, independent The Ubyssey. The referendum passed January 1995, and the revived The Ubyssey published its first independent issue in July 1995.

Many other campus publications across Canada are still directly tied to