Malaria and the Anopheles mosquitoes of Tajikistan.
Surveys of Anopheles mosquitoes were conducted in urban, rural, and natural areas of Tajikistan to obtain updated information on their distributions, especially in southern districts of the country where malaria is a prevalent disease. Nine species of Anopheles are found in Tajikistan. Anopheles superpictus, An. claviger, An. hyrcanus, and An. pulcherrimus are the most widespread and abundant species. Investigations in northern Tajikistan confirmed the presence of An. artemievi and the absence of An. martinius, both members of the An. maculipennis complex of malaria vectors. Anopheles barianensis, An. lindesayi, and An. marteri sogdianus, species previously recorded in the country, were not encountered during our surveys. The history of Anopheles and malaria research in Tajikistan is reviewed and bionomical and distributional information is providedbe named.

A spokesman for UUNET, which is the service provider for two of the root
servers, told internetnews.com it was the "largest, most targeted
attack" ever seen. "This did not affect the end user but it was huge and
concerted. It was rare because it was aimed at all 13 servers. It was an
attack on the Internet itself and not a particular Web site or service
provider," he explained.

While the ISC's Vixie noted that the only way to thwart an attack of this
magnitude would be to over-provision, many believe that if the attack was
sustained for a longer period, the effects could have been catastrophic.

Individual Web sites facing a Denial of Service (DoS) attack can find
assistance here and here.