found
trace- of occupancy, but do Indians. By this time all the tribes of
this section, east of the mountains, were in possession of firearms. 2
The first permanent English settlement in South Carolina was estab-
lished in L670. In L690 .lames Moore, secretary of the colony, made
an exploring expedition into the mountains and reached a point at
which, according to his Indian guides, he was within twenty miles of
where the Spaniards were engaged in mining and smelting with bel-
lows and furnaces, but on account of some misunderstanding he
returned without visiting the place, although he procured specimens
of ores, which he sent to England for assay. 3 It may have been in the
neighborhood of the presenl Lincolnton, North Carolina, where a dam
of cut stone and other remains of former civilized occupancy have
recently been discovered(11). In this year. also. ( 'ornelius Dougherty',
an Irishman from Virginia, established himself as the first trader
among the Cherokee, with whom he spent the rest of his life.' Some
of his descendants still occupy honored positions in the tribe.
Among the manuscript archives of South Carolina there was said to
be, some fifty years ago, a treaty or agreement made with the govern-
ment of that colony by the Cherokee in L684, and signed with the
hieroglyphics of eight chiefs of the lower towns, viz. Corani. the
Raven (Ka'lanii): Sinnawa, the Hawk (Tla'nuwa); Nellawgitehi, Gor-
haleke. and Owasta, all of Toxawa; and Canacaught, the great Con-
juror, Gohoma, and Caunasaita, of Keowa. If still in existence, this
is probably the oldest Cherokee treaty on record.''
What seems to be the next mention of the Cherokee in the South
Carolina