them all. The early hunt for the Alzheimer gene, or the gene that was causing familial Alzheimer's disease, was-- very much depended, actually, on being contacted by Carol. And she'd been aware that there was Alzheimer's disease in her family, and it was affecting individuals at a young age, in their 40s and early 50s, and she was trying to interest scientists.

2:35Skip to 2 minutes and 35 secondsAnd she became aware that John Hardy and I, John Hardy being the scientist, and myself being the clinician, who were working at St. Mary's, had very recently got a grant from the Medical Research Council, to look in families, see if we could identify the gene. And I'd come across one or two relatively small families where there might bewrong, and that assumption cost us a couple of years of work, as we tried to pool data from other families.

4:46Skip to 4 minutes and 46 secondsBut when we realised the we should analyse families one at a time, we immediately, or fairly immediately, realised that the amyloid gene was inherited with the disease in Carol's family. And then we sequenced the amyloid gene in the family, and found a mutation. And that was the first known cause of Alzheimer's disease. Within a very short time, really, a couple of years, they actually got back to us, and said that they had discovered the fault for our family, and it was a fault on chromosome 21. And John Hardy was able to identify that in the amyloid precursor