subareas of the Tokachi area of Hokkaido, Japan. The average number of lactating cows per year was less than 50 for 19 farms, between 50 and 100 for 26 farms and between 100 and 200 for 5 farms. The herd test datasets and medical records were obtained from the Obihiro Husbandry Center (Obihiro Chikusan Center) and Tokachi Agricultural Insurance Association (Tokachi NOSAI), respectively.

The focus of the analysis was cows (both healthy and ketotic) that had ≤30 days in milk (DIM), since in this dataset, 82.26% of ketosis cases occurred in these cows. After cows that had recovered from ketosis were removed from the dataset, it included 632 records for healthy cows and 61 for ketotic cows. The ketotic cows were identified by veterinarians based on clinical signs (for71-year-old has been previously accused of running vigilante "death squads" during his more than two decades as mayor of Davao, a city of about two million people that he says he has turned into one of the nations safest.

Human rights watchdogs have expressed alarm that Duterte's anti-crime drive may lead to widespread rights violations.

Duterte and other Filipino officials have previously brushed aside warnings from human rights groups about the dangers of "vigilante justice".