per cent from the date of the award, the Indians should
be entitled to a clear conveyance from him of the legal title to all the
lands embraced within the Qualla boundary. 1
To enable the Indians to clear off this lien on their lands and for
other purposes, Congress in LsT'> directed that as much as remained
of the •■ removal and subsistence fund" set apart for their benefit in
1848 should be used •"in perfecting the titles to the lands awarded to
them, and to pay the costs, expenses, and liabilities attending their
recent litigations, also to purchase and extinguish the titles of any
white persons to lands within the general boundaries allotted to them
by the court, and for the education, improvement, and civilization of
their people." In accordance with this authority the unpaid balance
and interestdue Johnston, amounting to $7,212.76, was paid him in
the same year, and shortly afterward there was purchased on behalf of
the Indians some fifteen thousand acres additional, the Commissioner
of Indian Affairs being constituted trustee for the Indians. For the
better protection of the Indians the lands were made inalienable except
by assent of the council and upon approval of the President of the
United States. The deeds for the Qualla boundary and the 15.UO0
acre purchase were executed respectively on October 9, 1876, and
August 11, 1880. 2 As the boundaries of the different purchases were
but vaguely defined, a new survey of the whole Qualla boundary and
adjoining tracts was authorized. The work was intrusted to M. S.
Temple, deputy United States surveyor, who completed it in 1876, his
survey maps of the reservation being accepted as