patient must first "draw a clock face, with evidence for "neglect" seen in a failure to include the numbers on the left side of the clock face. In addition, a perceptual, spatial orientation defect can also be detected with this test by the incorrect placement of the hands of the clock at the prescribed time, e.g., "10 minutes after 11:00 o'clock".

In addition, the ability to remember only one of three phrases after 3--5 minutes is considered "moderate short-term memory impairment," with the ability to remember two of three, constituting "mild short-term memory impairment".

History of present illness {#S7}
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The patient reported to the neurologist that he had driven 120 miles in one hour and 50 minutes, on February 21, 2013. He was tired, had skipped breakfast and lunch, had onlydrunk a bottle of water and had had no food that day. He had missed his usual 2 cups of morning coffee. He had a cough. Twice, while driving, he awoke from sleep, while drifting out of his lane and heading towards the highway divider.

The following day, he had worsening cough, productive of green sputum. Chest x-ray demonstrated bilateral infiltrates. He was prescribed Levaquin 500 mg daily for 7 days for pneumonia and reported a rapid recovery.

(He reported no history of sleep paralysis, hallucinations, cataplexy, or sleep attacks). To exclude other possible causes of reasons for his near loss of consciousness, the patient underwent an EEG the next day. This recording, carried out in a sleep laboratory, under both awake and sleep conditions, revealed no epileptiform activity, signs