for molesting a student after exchanging messages with the victim and other students on Facebook (Sieff, 2011). Virtual worlds such as Second Life are online environments in which users through avatars play, socialize, explore or engage in other behaviors online (Meyers, 2009). Herrington, Reeves, and Oliver (2007) argued that employing cognitive realism when using simulated virtual environments and immersive technologies can enhance the authenticity of learning. There has been interest in the educational community on schools promoting the use of virtual worlds. Establishing an island on Second Life was a major initiative of the Virginia Society for Technology (VSTE, 2009). Meyers (2009) asserted educators should begin leveraging virtual worlds for learning and problem solving rather than blocking them. Greenhow et al. (2009) advocated for young people to "experimentthe importance of human agency directing future evolution of educational technology. The critique of technological determinism that follows later in the literature review will examine and critique this theory of technology in depth, including different variations o f the technological determinist perspective. 74 Foundations in Philosophy of Technology Franssen et al. (2009) asserted that technology is a major cultural and economic force that operates as a framework to hold contemporary society together. Philosophy of technology examines the underlying assumptions of how technologies impact and transform human society in ways that are philosophically relevant (Kaplan, 2009a). While earlier philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, and Marx examined the technology in their eras from a philosophical perspective, philosophy of technology is largely a field o f endeavor that began in the