or deploy. The numeric limits also provided a known quantity to the other side's force, preventing an even greater upward arms spiral based on false assumptions about what the other was intending. Eventually, thanks to the persistence of National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft, the two sides banned the highly destabilizing multiple-warhead land-based missiles. Now, the U.S. and Russia are making meaningful reductions in their strategic forces.

The Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF) treaty, on which I worked for several years in the early 1980s, caused the United States to destroy its Pershing II mobile ballistic system and its ground-launched cruise missiles, or GLCMs (they were originally called land-launched cruise missiles, or LLCMs, until the way that acronym was pronounced—lickems—occasioned so many off-color jokes that the Pentagon changed it), in exchangea partnership with Volkswagen, the IOTA Foundation has signed an agreement with the Taiwanese capital of Taipei to use Tangle in its smart city initiatives, including in the creation of digital National Identification Cards.

VW Group is one of the largest car manufacturers in the world, owning well-known car brands such as Audi, Skoda, Porsche and (ahem) Lamborghini.

However, this week has been an embarrassing one for Volkswagen as the CEO of Audi, Rupert Stadler was arrested on Monday following allegations of fraud and false advertising during the diesel-cheating scandal, where it was revealed that VW had purposefully manipulated its cars’ emissions data during official tests.

Considering VW has once more found itself mired in bad publicity, the manufacturer might consider using Tangle to provide accurate data on its car emissions.