are orientation processes which cause the material to be stretched in the cross or transverse direction and in the longitudinal or machine direction. The films are usually heated to their orientation temperature range which varies with the different polymers but is usually above room temperature and below the polymer's melting temperature. After being stretched, the film is rapidly cooled to quench it thus freezing the molecules of the film in their oriented state. Upon heating, the orientation stresses are relaxed and the film will begin to shrink back to its original, unoriented dimension.
The PVC and polyolefin families of shrink films provide a wide range of physical and performance characteristics such as shrink force (the amount of force that a film exerts per unit area of its cross-section duringSmall Gestures Can Make a Big Difference

I WAS watching one of those fun weekend adult-versus-youth football games when I noticed a skinny, lanky kid struggling on the pitch to keep up with the speed, agility and skill level of his teammates which included my two sons.

Not surprisingly, the teenager was replaced after about 15 minutes and he stood at the sideline, sulking at being given such a brief outing. This boy had always been a bit of a loner but I walked up to just keep him company. We spoke briefly once when he stopped me abruptly one day to ask me about how newspapers got their news.

As soon as I pulled up to his side, he started complaining about being substituted so quickly, though he did concede