grade gun carriers, and 16 percent of 12th grade gun carriers feeling unsafe. Although the number of friends who carried guns remained stable across grades among non-gun carriers, the number of friends of gun carriers who also carried guns increased with the grade of the respondent. Approximately 49 percent of 8th grade gun carriers had at least one friend who carried a gun, compared to 54 percent of 10th grade gun carriers, and 64 percent of 12th grade gun carriers. Gun carriers were much more likely to believe that they would be viewed as cool if they carried a gun, but this belief decreased as the respondent's grade increased. In the 8th grade, about 20 percent of gun carriers thought that there was a pretty good chance thatrewards for pro-social involvement by neighbors--with the exception of those in the 10th grade. With respect to the family domain, gun carriers were more likely than non-gun carriers to come from families that were poorly managed, had significant family conflict, and had a history of antisocial behavior. Gun carriers were also more likely to come from families where the parents had more favorable attitudes toward antisocial behavior and drug use. When compared to non-gun carriers, gun carriers were less attached to their parents, had fewer family opportunities for involvement, and were less likely to have received rewards from their family for pro-social involvement. Likewise, at school, gun carriers were more likely to have experienced academic failure, had less commitment toward school, had fewer opportunities for pro-social involvement, and