died on March 29, 1950 at his home in Paris at 119 rue de Courcelles. He was buried on April 1, 1950 in Paris at the cemetery of Montmartre after a religious ceremony celebrated at the Church of Saint-François-de-Sales, his parish.possible to avoid or minimize treatment failure.^[@R02]^

Increasing emphasis is placing on retaining pulpally involved teeth by dentists since no replacement can function as efficiently as natural teeth. In recent years endodontics has greatly enhanced its role in modern dentistry regarding the preservation of natural teeth. Endodontic treatment is highly successful (90%)^[@R03]^ in retaining natural teeth if it is combined with efficient restoration of the involved tooth.

As a group, the mandibular premolars are very difficult to treat; they have a high flare-up and failure rate. A possible explanation may be the extreme variations in root canal morphology in these teeth. The root canal system of the mandibular first premolar is wider buccolingually than mesiodistally. Two pulp horns are present: a large, pointed buccal horn and a small, rounded lingual