field direction (normal to the substrate surface). Under such a condition, the cell (viewed in transmission or normal to its surface), will typically appear clear. The SmA material is now in an ordered mono-domain, with the layers of the material lying parallel to the substrate and the directors of the individual LC molecules lying orthogonal to the layers and to the substrates. For many SmA materials this situation is only reversible by re-heating the cell to a nematic phase and so destroying the SmA alignment.
Because the switching from a clear state to a scattering state can only be reversed by such heating and subsequent cooling, SmA liquid crystals, with positive dielectric anisotropy, cannot alone form the basis of a practical electro-optic phenomenon. However a light scattering state canmass-produced long shelf life food products that were carried into Europe and the Pacific regions and many soldiers survived by eating these products.”

By the end of the last century the number of canneries had declined, but the Valley remained a viable growing region for tomatoes and processing operations until early last decade when the new virus strain arrived.

Whitefly, virus struggles

“And it’s not just the Southwest that has struggled with the whitefly and this new virus complex. Florida growers have been battling the disease for over a decade and they also have suffered declining production numbers as a result, and Arizona growers are now dealing with the whitefly and virus problems as well,” Crosby adds.

He says while the T-5 variety is a Roma type tomato used largely in canning