a shower, etc., as a way to facilitate the transfer of mindfulness into daily life.

The stress management education (SME) program was designed as an active control stress reduction intervention for MBSR to disentangle the effects of the mindfulness practice from other, potentially effective elements of the group program, such as a supportive social environment, instructor attention, participants\' expectations, and physical exercise. The course has the same in-class and home exercise time as the MBSR program, including a 'day of stress reduction' in the 6th week, and is composed of several elements that match the MBSR components. Gentle physical exercises match the yoga component and nutrition and healthy lifestyle education components match the stress education component of MBSR. The SME program is described in detail elsewhere ([@bb0045]).

The MBSR groupparty after losing his traditional seat from Rawalpindi.

Early life and education

Ahmed was born on 6 November 1950 in Babra Bazaar in Rawalpindi, Punjab. According to another report, he was born on 17 February 1950.

He received his early education in from Polytechnic College and graduated from Gordon College. He completed his Bachelor of Laws at the University of Punjab. Ahmed was a leader of the student union at Gordon College.

Political career
Ahmed began his political career during his student years and was actively involved against the military regime of Ayub Khan.

In the 1985 Pakistani general election which was held on non-party basis, he was elected as the member of the National Assembly for the first time from Rawalpindi.

In the 1988 Pakistani general election, he was re-elected as the member of