farming or fishing lifestyles is easy to make. In addition, miners often travel from one mine to another. ASGM work involves digging, grinding, and crushing the ore, then processing the ore, ending with burning of the amalgam to attain the gold. Most miners are men. Few women work as miners, and mainly as ore crushers, not as smelters. ASGM activity in the WSR is relatively recent compared to other ASGM activity in Indonesia. Describing the ASGM sector in WSR and its impact on environment, health and society is necessary for developing a better solution to eliminate mercury use in the ASGM sector. The current study was conducted to better understand the lifestyle, extent of mercury exposure, and health of people living in the ASGM mining areas of Westpositive financial conditions for miners and local communities. In 2012, the government of WSR issued a decree aimed at stopping ASGM activity, but it failed, and ASGM activity persists and is growing. In 2014, the government worked together with PT Indotan, a mining concession holder in the WSR, to formalize ASGM activities. This formalization began by inviting miners to become members of a cooperative. Cooperative formalization would help to integrate the social, environmental, labor, health and safety, economic, commercial, gender, organizational and technical dimensions of AGSM activities. However, these processes require time and a consistent long-term governmental policy. With formalization, the government would have the power to impose interventions with legal consequences for both sides (government and miners). In spite of formalization, it is suggested that regular monitoring