Chandler did not testify at the trial. The testimony of the seven witnesses called on his behalf was all directed to the defense of insanity, an issue that was fully tried, submitted to the jury under appropriate instructions, and resolved against the defendant by the verdict of the jury. On this appeal no error is alleged with respect to the disposition below of the issue as to defendant's sanity.
On June 28, 1948, the jury returned a verdict of guilty, finding specially that each and every one of the ten overt acts submitted *929 to it was "a treasonable act committed by the defendant Chandler with an intent to betray the United States".
We shall discuss first the points of law raised by the defendant in various preliminary motions submittedto the district judge.

ACTS OF TREASON COMMITTED IN AN ENEMY COUNTRY ARE PUNISHABLE.
On a motion to dismiss, appellant advanced the point that the indictment failed to state facts sufficient to constitute an offense, because treason against the United States is not committed by adherence to the enemy by one residing in enemy territory. This contention is reiterated on appeal, notwithstanding the concession in appellant's brief "(1) that, since treason is a violation of allegiance, conduct may consistently with the law of nations be made an offense against the United States, though the acts be without its territorial jurisdiction, and (2) that the language of the constitutional definition may be broad enough to include such acts."
It is clear that under the constitutional definition of treason, Congress has power to