of Philosophical Letters 4.30, where Cavendish defends her view that 8 An earlier critic remarked that in "The Hunting of the Hare", the hare's "ultimate end is lamented in the most astonishingly humanitarian way" (Perry 1968, 179), and also that "A Dialogue of Birds" (discussed below) "deserves to be known for its sympathetic description of nature. The different birds lament how badly man treats them but explain that Nature should receive no blame" (Perry 1968, 176). More generally, Perry (1968, 197-84) offers a useful introduction to and survey of Poems, and Fancies. 9 Note a comment in the Sociable Letters – "[N]or do I wonder that the Lord N. W. practices Riding, Fencing, Vaulting, Shooting, Hunting, Fortifying, Navigating, and the like, because he is an Heroick Man, fitteranother man, when as this man hath an antipathetical aversion to him; and the same may be, for ought we know, betwixt Iron and the Loadstone, as also betwixt the Needle and the North". 14 On Cavendish's attitude to reasons, argument, and evidence, see Wilson (2007). 14 consequences. To see such a connection in Cavendish's work would also be a step towards seeing it as systematic, in the way that the work many prominent early modern philosophers was. In this picture the ethics would be part, maybe even the ultimate or highest part, of a systematic enquiry.15 Chronology, however, counts against thinking there was such a deductive connection between Cavendish's views. The mature panpsychist system was not obviously in place until her works of the 1660s, starting with