Study of the Founder of Sinn Fein_ (anonymous) (Dublin n.d. [1917]), p. 8. He wrote 'lucid and vehement prose derived partly from Swift and Mitchel, but mainly from a natural talent which owed nothing to any formal study of syntax or grammar'. Seán Ó Luing, 'Arthur Griffith and Sinn Féin', in Martin (ed.), _Leaders and Men of the Easter Rising_ , p. 56.

****. See Patrick Maume, _The Long Gestation. Irish Nationalist Life 1891–1918_ (Dublin 1999), pp. 28ff. for an illuminating survey.

****. Ernest Blythe, 'Arthur Griffith', _Administration_ , 8 (1960), p. 37. Blythe notes that time and again Griffith 'seemed deliberately to avoid being put at the top'.

****. Variously rendered in English as 'warriors of Ireland' or 'soldiers of destiny'; 'league' or 'band of Gaels'.

****. Shaw Desmond, _The Dramathe Irish Volunteers 1913; resigned from IRB Supreme Council after supporting Redmond's takeover of IV Executive June 1914; organized Volunteer gun-running July 1914; arrested by IRB Easter 1916; Chief of the Revenue Commissioners Stamp Department, Irish Free State, 1922; author of _A National Forests Policy_ (1923) and _Ireland Yesterday and Tomorrow_ (1968); d. 1969.

**Johnson, Thomas** b. 1872 in Liverpool; worked for Irish fish merchant; commercial traveller 1900; Vice-President Irish TUC 1913; President 1915; co-operated with Eoin MacNeill over employers' threats to sack members of Irish Volunteers, 1915–16; organized anti-conscription strike 1918; co-drafted Democratic Programme of first Dáil Éireann; secretary of ITUC 1920–28; TD for Co. Dublin 1922–7 and Leader of Labour party; Senator 1928–36; d. 1963.

**MacCurtain, Thomas** b. 1884 in Co. Cork; secretary of Blackpool branch of Gaelic