two groups showed few differences with regard to having received rewards for pro-social involvement by neighbors--with the exception of those in the 10th grade. With respect to the family domain, gun carriers were more likely than non-gun carriers to come from families that were poorly managed, had significant family conflict, and had a history of antisocial behavior. Gun carriers were also more likely to come from families where the parents had more favorable attitudes toward antisocial behavior and drug use. When compared to non-gun carriers, gun carriers were less attached to their parents, had fewer family opportunities for involvement, and were less likely to have received rewards from their family for pro-social involvement. Likewise, at school, gun carriers were more likely to have experienced academic failure, had lessthe two groups were smallest between White gun and non-gun carriers, and were largest between African American, Native American, and Hispanic gun and non-gun carriers. Hispanic, Native American, and Asian gun carriers were the most likely to report being chronic users of alcohol, followed by White and African American gun carriers. With regard to marijuana, African American and Native American gun carriers were the most likely to self-report chronic marijuana use, followed closely by Hispanics, Whites, and Asians. Substantial differences emerged among ethnic groups in terms of their cocaine use. Asian, African American, Hispanic, and Native American gun carriers were much more likely to report having chronically used cocaine when compared to White gun carriers. About 28 percent of African American and Hispanic gun carriers reported having sold