Depression through the first year after the death of a spouse.
This study assesses the frequency of depressive syndromes during the first 13 months after the death of a spouse. Men and women whose spouses had recently died were identified through death certificate records. These subjects completed a multidimensional questionnaire and were interviewed 7-8 weeks (2 months) after the death. Follow-up questionnaires were completed 7 and 13 months after the death. The questionnaires contained specific items corresponding to DSM-III-R criteria for depressive episodes as well as other widely used measures of depressive symptoms such as the Zung Depression Scale and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Eighty-four (24%) of 350 widows and widowers met criteria for depressive episodes at 2 months, 72 (23%) of 308 did so at 7 months, andAs the deluge of protests in Portland shows no sign of slowing, police and Mayor Ted Wheeler are working to reduce tensions between the community and police by discussing protest responses, engaging civic leaders and pledging to keep communication flowing.

Since the November election of President Donald Trump, clashes have broken out consistently, with crowds disrupting downtown transit, blocking streets and shutting down City Council meetings.

Some have criticized the Portland Police Bureau's response as overly aggressive. Officers in riot gear have used pepper spray, tear gas and non-lethal shots on protesters and made scores of arrests. The ACLU of Oregon has been a vocal critic of police's enforcement tactics, most recently calling those used during a Presidents Day protest "indiscriminate violence" that was "shameful."

Wheeler last week called for police