normal individuals and selected hospital patients, each on uniform diets of known composition. The amounts of the above metabolic products excreted in the urine were carefully collected. In 1904, Folin proposed creatinine as a marker to test the completeness of urine collection. Following an additional hydrolysis step, the method proved to be useful for the determination of the precursor molecule creatine as well \[[@bib10]\].

Shortly after Folin\'s publication, Dr Georg Dorner, a pupil of Jaffe, started to use the colorimetric method developed by Folin based on the Jaffe principle in Königsberg \[[@bib11]\]. The reaction time variation among Jaffe recipes was huge from the beginning. Folin initially gave a time limit of 5--10 min for the development of the Jaffe reaction. Later, he restricted the time limit to 5 minSmall firms suffer despite recovery in manufacturing

Signs of a recovery in Britain's manufacturing base have been tempered by evidence of further suffering for smaller firms.

Orders fell for the tenth quarter in a row, according to the Confederation of British Industry's (CBI) quarterly SME trends survey.

One in three of the 877 firms polled was less optimistic than three months ago. Job cuts, rising costs and greater pressure on margins all contributed to the malaise.

New orders and output volumes continued to fall, and against expectations, exports fell significantly, largely owing to competition and weak exchange rates with the US dollar.

By contrast, the July purchasing managers' index for manufacturing, produced by CIPS and NTC Research, showed growth in the sector for the first time in eight months as the PMI reached