own clothing as well as in farming, to which
1 Adair, American Indians, pp.280,281, I77.Y
2 See Hawkins, MS journal from South Carolina to tin- Creeks, 17%, in library of Georgia Historical
Society.
N uney] INTERMARRIAGE WITH WHITES 83
the others retorted that these things had been offered to all alike at
the same time, but while the lowland people had been quick to accept,
the mountaineers had hung back. "Those who complain came in late.
We have got the start of them, which we are determined to keep."
The progressives, under John Watts, Doublehead. and Will, threatened
to secede from the rest and leave those east of Chilhowee mountain to
shift for themselves. 1 We see here the germ of dissatisfaction which
led ultimately to the emigration of the western band. Along with
other things of civilization, negro slavery hadbeen introduced and
several of the leading men were now slaveholders (31).
Much of the advance in civilization had been due to the intermar-
riage among them of white men, chiefly traders of the ante-Revolu-
tionary period, with a few Americans from the back settlements. The
families that have made Cherokee history were nearly all of this mixed
descent. The Doughertys, Galpins. and Adairs were from Ireland: the
Rosses, Vanns, and Macintoshes, like the McGillivrays and Graysons
among the Creeks, were of Scottish origin; the Waffords and others
were Americans from Carolina or Georgia, and the father of Sequoya
was a (Pennsylvania '.) German. Most of this white blood was of good
stock, very different from the "squaw man" element of the western
tribes. Those of the mixed blood who could afford it usually sent their
children away to be educated,