the enemy and those among the people under the dictatorship of the proletariat, the question of maintaining and giving play to the role of the vanguard of the proletariat, as well as the elimination of the three major differences (namely, those between workers and peasants, between city and countryside and between manual and mental labour), the withering away of state and other questions. All this points out for us the orientation, course and principles and policies for strengthening the dictatorship of the proletariat and preventing capitalist restoration. It is of paramount importance in guiding our cause of socialist revolution and construction today.

Study for Consolidating the Dictatorship of the Proletariat

In the case of China, ours is now a socialist society of the dictatorship of the proletariat. During this historicalrelations of production and the productive forces and between the superstructure and the economic base. “There are still remnants of the overthrown landlord and comprador classes, there is still a bourgeoisie, and the remoulding of the petty bourgeoisie has only just started. The class struggle is by no means over.” (On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People.) On the economic front, the struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie and between the socialist road and the capitalist road has not ended just because of the basic change of ownership. The fact is: In China’s rural areas, agricultural co-operation has been brought about, the peasants have embarked on the broad road of socialism and the system of people’s communes has displayed tremendous vitality, but the unremoulded landlords,