the welder whose shirt had been torn and asked if Williams was responsible. He then turned to Williams and said, "You're going to have to pay for this shirt  you're going to have to pay him  this man $100.00 for this shirt and apologize right now." Williams refused. Reinhardt then stepped back and another welder stepped forward, repeated the demand, and began counting off the 15 seconds that he had given Williams in which to reconsider. When he still refused to pay the $100.00, one of the crowd struck Williams on the side of the face, causing his glasses to fly off. Several other welders began to beat him and he fell to the ground as the beating continued. On his hands and knees, Williams madeaway, in Glennallen.
Barram testified that the communications operator needed him to approve Reinhardt's *346 announcement that all Local 798 members were to convene in the shuttle bus area. After speaking with Newman he approved the announcement, not yet fully aware of the connection between Newman's intelligence report and the 798 meeting.
While Newman was patrolling, Local 798 was convening, and Williams was waiting, Barram went to the mess hall. On the way, he stopped to chat with Williams on the boardwalk. Inside the mess hall, Barram heard Reinhardt's announcement and began to connect Williams' absence from the bus area with the 798 meeting and Newman's report of trouble. He returned to where Williams was standing and, as the angry welders approached, gave him authority not to make his bus