facilities across Canada, in Vancouver, Toronto, and Laval, Que. In some provinces, asylum seekers are detained in prisons. A recent McGill University study found that detention can be a "frightening experience" for children, leaving them with "psychiatric and academic difficulties long after detention." Inside, boredom is "pervasive," as children are often left "idle, sleeping or lying on the couches for long periods during the day." […] The minors detained last year spent an average of 13 days in custody, but the time period can vary significantly. The study recounts how, in one instance, a six-year-old girl detained for more than six months asked her parents, "Are they gonna keep us here permanently?"

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau tired to claim the high ground criticizing Trump’s immigration enforcement agenda saying,which is very fast in geologic time. To know what can happen now, we badly need to find out about a rapid warming event called the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum or (PETM).

With no humans burning fossil fuels, what happened? The best guess was that frozen methane on the sea floor reached a tipping point, and came burping up into the atmosphere as major warming gases. That was the story I accepted, until a revolutionary new paper was published in the journal Nature on August 30, 2017.

We’ve reached a co-author of that paper, Dr. Andy Ridgwell. He’s a former roads and trees activist in rural Devon. Andy got his Doctorate in the UK, at the University of East Anglia. After research in Canada, Ridgwell became a Professor at the University