parte communications with a federal judge.  Spurlock also theorized that Yanny was assisted in this effort by Vicki Aznaran, a former president of the Religious Technology Center, and her husband, Richard Aznaran.  In support of this theory, Spurlock submitted, inter alia, portions of deposition and reporters' transcripts from other COS cases.  Spurlock further argued that based on the FBI's "deep-rooted prejudice and animus ... against the Scientology religion and its churches," the FBI used its investigation of Yanny's "knowingly false allegations as to the Church and the [federal judge]" as a "pretext for harassment of the Church, and for gathering and spreading additional falsehoods."   Spurlock also asserted, without supporting evidence, that the FBI continued to gather information improperly concerning the BLM inquiry aboutprocess clause of the Fifth Amendment, as well as in the First Amendment's protections of freedom of religion and association."   It is unclear whether Spurlock relies upon the First and Fifth Amendments as the underpinning for a federal court's inherent powers, or whether he believes the Constitution provides an independent basis for affirmance.  An examination of the legal definition of the term "inherent powers" readily refutes Spurlock's claim that the Constitution supports the district court's disclosure order.  "Inherent powers" are defined in Black's Law Dictionary as "powers over and beyond those explicitly granted in the Constitution or reasonably to be implied from express grants[.]"  Black's Law Dictionary 782 (6th ed. 1990).  The plain meaning of the term "inherent powers" precludes reliance on