that as their working book. Over time, they begin to develop some more formalised witch rituals, borrowing some elements from their ceremonial magic practices, including the Lesser Ritual of the Pentagram, of which they obtain a text from Israel Regardie’s The Tree of Life (London, 1932), and possibly also few minor Crowley-derived elements originally from old issues of The Equinox. 2) In 1938, Gardner meets this group in Christchurch/Highcliffe near the New Forest, and in 1939 he is initiated into it. He joins in both styles of magic, and begins to copy out first the Solomonic material, and later also adds some witch rituals, into a handwritten book which he titles Ye Bok of ye Art Magical. 3) At some point during the War, Gardner’s friend Arnold Crowtherthis would have been hard to come by in England (being a pro-German literary magazine published in America during the First World War; the only library in Britain to own a set is the British Library itself, and even its collection is incomplete), he proposes that the source of this was Louis Wilkinson, who was also a contributor to The International (August, September, and November 1917) and may thus have owned copies of it, and who in about 1953 claimed to Francis King to have known the New Forest coven during the late 1930’s or early 1940’s.26 This is an intriguing suggestion, but in view of the facts that Liber Cordis Cincte Serpente did not appear in The International and would have been hard to obtain from any