"Hortulus" describing plants used for healing), **Constantinus Aphricanus** (introduces Europe with an Arabic culture of treatment by translating their books) and **Valerius Cordus** (written the first textbook of medicine and deals with the creation of the first pharmacopoeia).

The development of medicine and healthcare, during the early Middle Ages, was based on book in churches and monasteries, and later the medical schools (most notably in Salern) are being opened where doctors and pharmacists were trained. It is important to note the year1240 in which was prohibited to a doctor from performing a pharmaceutical duty, which separates the doctors and pharmacists for the first time. The authority has begun to monitor the medication, and the price for a particular medicinal product was determined for the first time. For the firsttime such a provision was made in the area of southern Italy (at the beginning of the 13th century the first pharmacy was opened in this area), and later similar provisions were implemented throughout Europe.

Since the middle of the tenth century, Arab medicine has come into contact with Europe and has a strong influence on it. Many scientists have become interested in alchemy. In the coming centuries, Italy continues to be the center of development of both health care and pharmacy, and in 1488 the first book of pharmacy was published by **Saladin**.

The ***Renaissance*** is one of the most creative periods in literature and art that marked the break with the Middle Ages. It dates from the 14^th^ century in Italy to the 16^th^ century in the rest