Positive screening tests for barbiturates in urine samples in the York area over a 1-year period.
Following the screening of urine samples for a panel of drugs over a period of 1 year, a peak was observed during December 1999 and January 2000 in the numbers of samples testing positive for both morphine and barbiturates. This increase may be due to the adulteration of street heroin with barbiturate during this period.This is the first installment in a short series of articles on photo manipulation in the days before computers.

In 1841, the Englishman William Henry Fox Talbot patented the calotype—the first practical photographic process to create a negative that could generate multiple copies. Just five years later, in 1846, the first known act of photographic retouching was performed by a Welsh colleague of Talbot’s named Calvert Richard Jones, or perhaps by one of Jones’s associates. Jones had taken a photograph of five Capuchin friars on a rooftop in Malta, but while four of the friars were clustered together talking in a group, the fifth hovered a few feet behind them, framed awkwardly against the sky. Jones, or an associate, didn’t like the way this fifth friar was interrupting the