the 19th century indentured slave labour was toiling in colonial plantations all over the world. Twentieth century industrial squalor now began to spread while near slavery in the plantations and mines provided the cheap commodities, raw material and fuel for industry seeking cheap labour. 3

SOUTH AFRICA

The beginning of industrial capitalism in South Africa was part of the global development of imperialism in the last 30 years of the 19th century. Vast amounts of capital were exported, mainly from Britain, to develop industrial diamond and gold mining in South Africa. From small diggings operated by owner-artisans, the mining industry was quickly dominated by vast corporations. Today’s companies like De Beers date back to these early decades. 4

Imperialist political domination of the whole South African terrain after the Anglo-Boer warturf with all their arsenal, disrupt and destroy the Frontline States in order to cut the ANC off from all sources of assistance and eventually to destroy it so that it does not interfere with this set up. 12

It was no coincidence that African people throughout the continent joined together in a common effort to defeat the apartheid monster in South Africa. Upon this one fact hinged the most critical questions of the emancipation of Africa as a whole. Africa understood that for as long as the apartheid regime remained intact in South Africa, so long would Africa herself and all her children remain in permanent bondage. The basic fact was that apartheid was incompatible with and antithetical to Africa’s independence. 13

CUBA

Cuba has progressed through the stages of