experience and the associated feelings -- especially of traumatic events of the past. The coherence of these feelings, especially with respect to interpersonal relations, is widely depicted with the symbol of a heart . Those identifying with that modality are typically caricatured in their turn as "bleeding hearts" -- in contrast to those deprecated as being "hard hearted" in priding themselves on being "hard headed".

These two extremes are a challenge to each other which can be usefully caricatured as a continuing battle between the "headless hearts" and the "heartless heads". Proponents of the "head modality" deplore their lack of credibility in the eyes of those attaching far greater weight to the "heart modality". Proponents of the heart modality regret the heartlessness and impersonality characteristic of the models andprehistoric times and was seen in Palaeolithic cave paintings in Spain. Note however the elimination of the hole from the heart symbol (despite its profound significance). A "hole in the heart" is then highly problematic. Curiously the symbol is unexpectedly featured in one of the main financial journals (Marilyn Yalom, The Mysterious Origins of the Enduring Heart Symbol, The Wall Street Journal, 26 January 2018).

As one of the vital organs, the heart was long identified as the center of the entire body, the seat of life, or emotion, or reason, will, intellect, purpose or the mind. The heart is an emblematic symbol in many religions, signifying truth, conscience or moral courage in many religions – the temple or throne of God in Islamic and Judeo-Christian thought; the divine