
556 F.3d 871 (2009)
UNITED STATES of America, Appellee,
v.
Russell HOFFMANN, Appellant.
No. 06-4007.
United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
Submitted: September 25, 2007.
Filed: February 25, 2009.
*872 Robert T. Haar, argued, St. Louis, MO, for Appellant.
Jan W. Sharp, AUSA, argued, Omaha, NE, for Appellee.
Before BYE, BENTON, and SHEPHERD, Circuit Judges.
BENTON, Circuit Judge.
A jury convicted Russell D. Hoffmann of one count of giving a gratuity, 18 U.S.C. § 201(c)(1)(A). Hoffmann appeals. Jurisdiction being proper under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, this court affirms.

I.
Hoffmann was a vice president at Surdex Corporation, a company providing aerial photography and mapping services. He was the project manager for a two-year contract (the "1996 contract") awarded to Surdex by the Omaha Division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers in May 1996. William F. Schwening was the Corps'the guy pretty well and we played together out here the last year of his command Mike Muleners that is He's like a two handicap or scrath [sic]. . no clubs yet? ?
the photography could be used for update as well as orthos. .
The next day, Hoffmann ordered the clubs. Over the following weeks, Schwening sent *874 several emails to Hoffmann inquiring about the status of the clubs. In late October, the clubs were delivered. On October 31, 2003, Schwening sent an email to Hoffmann stating, "hey buddy do you need ANYTHING. . I hit the titelist last night straight outta the box awesome."
By November 10, 2004, Schwening still had not completed the ACASS rating for Surdex. Hoffmann then sent this email:
Subject: FW: ACASS
Bill,
With the St Louis Corps