Before departing for Leuven nine years later, Ó Maoil Chonaire advised Philip III against appointing JohnBathe as Irish representative in Madrid, alleging that he was a double agent.

In contrast to the

Breviate, which clearly favours Spain and the papacy, the second set of lists was addressed to government officials at Whitehall and Dublin Castle. These lists were compiled from 1613 until 1624. They reveal the reliance of the Catholic clergy upon ties of kinship when community life for the religious was prohibited by law. Late sixteenth-century efforts to suppress the religious orders made it impossible to instruct aspirant Catholic clergy in Ireland, which led to the founding of colleges abroad. With the accession of Charles I, a period of partial toleration began. As was the case in England duringthe same period, use of the prefix 'Sir' denotes a priest rather than a knight.

DavidRothebishop of Ossory [who] keepeth for the most parte with his brother Edward, was born at Kilkenny and served as vice-primate in Ireland on behalf of PeterLombard. Rothe was appointed Catholic bishop of Ossory in 1618. His

Analecta Sacra, dedicated to the Catholic princes of Europe, was published at Köln. In his letters Rothe used the alias Nicholas Laffan. A synod of the ecclesiastical province of Dublin was convened at Kilkenny in 1614 and was probably held at the house of his brother EdwardRothe. The Davy Roche [...] sente from Rome, since Tyrone's abode there [...] and hath beene in the North since his arrivall, but is nowe for the most parte in Munster refers