targeting historically black churches in Louisiana, and a foiled 2016 plot by Kansas militiamen to attack a housing complex where Somali Muslims lived — has targeted minority groups.

Compounding problems, the FBI’s collating of hate crimes has been repeatedly criticized as woefully incomplete.

Reporting hate crimes to the Bureau is currently voluntary, meaning that many police departments don’t bother to submit reports or, when they do, vastly under-report the number of incidents occurring in their jurisdictions. As The New York Times noted last November, for instance, the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department initially reported zero hate crimes for all of 2017, before later claiming the report had been made in error and adjusting the figure to 61.

The perception of who faces discrimination in the United States has remained relatively unchangedChevreul, Michel-Eugène

Definition

Michel-Eugène Chevreul (1786–1889) is one of the most important chemists of nineteenth-century France. A pioneer of organic chemistry, he was twice President of the French Academy of Sciences. His work changed dramatically after his appointment as director of the dyeing department of the Gobelins Manufacture in Paris, where he worked for almost 60 years. At the Gobelins, he developed a considerable amount of work on color, including color classification, color applied to industry, as well as his most famous book on simultaneous contrast of colors, which had a great impact on several generations of artists as well as on color teaching. His exceptional longevity helped him to publish many books and hundreds of scientific papers, most of them on color topics. His 100th birthday was celebrated as