the official standard. 3
The titles and boundaries having been adjusted, the Indian Office
assumed regular supervision of East Cherokee affairs, and in June.
1875, the first agent since the retirement of Thomas was sent out in
the person of W. C. McCarthy. He found the Indians, according to
his report, destitute and discouraged, almost without stock or farming
tools. There were no schools, and very few full-bloods could speak
English, although to their credit nearly all could read and write their
own language, the parents teaching the children. Under his authority
a distribution was made of stock animals, seed wheat, and farming
tools, and several schools were started. In the next year, however,
iSee award of arbitrators. Rufus Barringer, John H. Dillard, and T. Ruffln, with ftdl statement, in
Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians against W. T. Thomas eta second term
(48). He made a good record by his work in reconciling the various
faction- which had sprung up after the withdrawal of the guiding influ-
ence of Thomas, and in defeating the intrigues of fraudulent while
claimants and mischief makers. Shortly before his death the ( rovern-
ment, through Special Agent John A. Sibbald, recognized his authority
as principal chief, together with the constitution which had been
adopteil by the band under his auspices in 1ST5. N. J. Smith (Tsa'-
ladihi'). who had previously served as clerk of the council, was elected
to his unexpired term and continued to serve until the fall of L890. 8
We find no further official notice of the East Cherokee until L881,
when Commissioner Price reported that they were still without agent
or superintendent, and that so far as the Indian