of the material that is in both Jurgen and the Gnostic Mass originally comes from The Book of the Law, which was first published in 1909, and which we have good reason to believe was originally written down in 1904. Since Cabell was a prolific writer, who wrote over 30 books, it seems unlikely that a manuscript of Jurgen existed in 1904, fifteen years before its publication in 1919, and thus extremely unlikely that Crowley could have taken material from Cabell rather than vice versa. (Indeed, this sort of plagiarism would be most unlike Crowley: on the only occasions I am aware of on which he committed plagiarism, it was of Golden Dawn magical papers, and it was done with malice aforethought after Crowley had fallen out withthe authors/editors.) It is thus clear that the material in Jurgen derives from the Gnostic Mass (indeed, it is basically a parody of it: Jurgen is a wryly humorous book), presumably based on the version that Crowley published in the literary magazine The International in New York in March 1918 (likely whilst Cabell was writing Jurgen, which came out the following year), and that the BAM is independently derived from several of Crowley’s published works, including (but not limited to) the Gnostic Mass.

4) Reuse of material

Phrases, sentences, or passages derived from Crowley’s works and reused in the context of a Wiccan ritual, typically with considerable modification: i) On pp. 95–96 of the BAM occur a couple of lines in a ritual which are very similar to these lines