Digital signal processing in studies of animal acoustical communication, including human speech.
The study of animal acoustical communication and other biological signals like cardiopulmonary cycles and neurological waves has advanced rapidly in the last few years. Progress has been stimulated by dramatic improvements in transducers, recorders, computers, and digital signal processing (DSP) techniques. Nevertheless, many biologists cannot take advantage of these new techniques and technology because mainframe computer usage is expensive and DSP theory is buried in highly technical engineering and mathematical journals. Recently, new developments in microcomputer hardware and commercially available DSP software have greatly improved this picture. Nevertheless, DSP theory remains largely inaccessible to the non-specialist. In this paper, selected areas of DSP theory are surveyed in relation to a common biological signal processing problem, namely, theKRASNAYA POLYANA, Russia (AP) — Carina Vogt of Germany has never won a World Cup event but she now owns women's ski jumping's first-ever Olympic gold medal.

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Sara Takanashi, the World Cup leader in the sport, had been the heavy favorite heading into the Sochi Games, but the 22-year-old Vogt performed when it counted Tuesday, scoring 247.4 points on the normal hill at the Rus-Ski Gorki Jumping Center.

Daniela Iraschko-Stolz of Austria took silver and Coline Mattell of France earned bronze. Takanashi was left in a disappointing fourth.

Vogt, who has four second-place finishes in World Cup events this year, had been quiet in training runs, allowing Takanashi and Iraschko-Stolz to take much of the hype as they dueled for supremacy.

"I can't find the right words," Vogt said. "I'm just