threaded and sealed and second hole in the side through which an air gauge is fitted and sealed; 3) a round male connector pipe attached to the hexagonal pipe on one side; 4) a flange connected, on its small end to the second end of the connector, and on its wide end to a male adapter; and 5) connected to the other end of the ABS adapter a set of bushings, and gaskets, sized to adapt to the waste pipe diameter, secured in place by a corrugated hub and two hose clamps surrounding the rubber gasket. This arrangement of standard pieces found in a plumber""s supply kit is about 14 inches long. Most of the length is taken up with adapters and connectors that increase the diameter ofamplitude and increased p13/n23 latency on the ipsilesional side in the absence of caloric paresis, OTR, or SVV tilt. The principal brainstem areas of saccular nerve termination are the inferior vestibular nucleus and the lateral portion of the superior vestibular nucleus, while the principal projections from the utricle are to the laterodorsal medial vestibular nucleus, the ventrolateral superior vestibular nucleus, and the rostral portion of the inferior vestibular nucleus.[@B9] The dissociation of abnormalities between the VEMPs and OTR/SVV tilt suggests differential involvement of the otolithic pathways in central vestibulopathies.

In primates, saccule projects to the superior and inferior vestibular nuclei,[@B9] and proceed bilaterally to the spinal cord. However, sound-evoked VEMPs recorded from the neck are almost completely unilateral.[@B2],[@B4],[@B10] Since the MVST contains inhibitory fibers, the sacculocollic inhibitory signal may