such as an electron gun, is needed. In addition, since an electron beam generated from the electron gun can merely focus on a limited region on the substrate in each operation, a long time is required for producing nanoparticles on the substrate having a large area. Thus, the method is also less effective.
In the heavy ion irradiation method, the disadvantages are similar to those in the electron beam irradiation method, and the application thereof is still limited to academic study.
The pulsed laser irradiation method is also less effective because a laser source can irradiate only a small region of the substrate and needs to move forth and back to treat a large area of the substrate.
In the nanolithography method, although mass production of nanoparticles is possible, the methodA man was arrested in connection with a bloody assault Wednesday after he allegedly struck a library patron in the head with a chair.

Clifton W. Moore, 25, of San Francisco is facing two counts of assault with a deadly weapon and aggravated assault, Sgt. Danielle Newman said Thursday.

The victim, a 61-year-old man, was using a computer on the first floor of the Main Library, located in the Civic Center area, about 2:55 p.m. when seemingly out of nowhere he was struck by a chair, Newman said. He told police he felt something hit him on the right side of his head, but never saw the culprit and was unsure if he had lost consciousness, Newman said.

Several witnesses pointed out Moore as the suspect to library security, who detained