its repeated use, the effect of long term mechanical wear has to be considered and therefore a brand-new ECoScreen device was used. In contrast the ECoScreen2 device directly condensated and collected the EBC in disposable bags on a special polyethylene surface. The exact composition and primary source of supply of the polyethylene plastic film are company secret. For comparison reasons, breath parameters were defined and controlled in a way that the complete volume was sampled in only one ECoScreen2 chamber. The ECoScreen2 feature of exclusion of a volume representing the dead-space was also not used.

Minute ventilation was measured by an inserted pneumotachograph (EcoVent, Cardinal Health, Hoechberg, Germany) when using ECoScreen or by an integrated pneumotachograph in case of ECoScreen2. For each time point, EBC was collected for exactlyTrevor Hughes

USA TODAY

DENVER — Elections officials across the country are bracing for a deluge of eager but inexperienced poll watchers by training on how to handle conflict and confrontation and even preparing for mass shootings when voters cast ballots Nov. 8.

Republican nominee Donald Trump's unprecedented criticism of a “rigged" election process and his refusal to say he'll concede if he loses have elections officials preparing for a contentious day. Trump has called on his supporters to monitor election sites — even signing up volunteers on his campaign website — but he hasn’t specified what kind of fraud he believes will happen at the polls.

The USA TODAY Network interviewed dozens of Trump supporters across the USA but found little evidence of a coordinated poll-watching effort. Still, social media are