pushed up against the Camaro and told to put her hands on the roof. Defendant continually removed her hands from the roof of the car. Mankovich had to use his left hip to keep her against the vehicle as he put his firearm back into his holster. Once he replaced his gun, Mankovich handcuffed defendant. Huha had gone back around the Camaro to cover the male passenger, Spino. Prior to Huha handcuffing the passenger, Mankovich saw them speaking. Telling defendant not to move, Mankovich went to ask Huha why he had not yet handcuffed and removed Spino from the car. Huha advised him that Spino reported having recently had heart surgery. Mankovich directed Spino to exit the vehicle and then he was handcuffed by Huha.
Arcieri and his partnereventually arrived on the scene and identified defendant, the passenger, and the car as the *444 parties and vehicle involved in the earlier chase. As Arcieri stood near defendant's vehicle with Huha, Huha observed "some white objects" in the area of the vehicle where the roof line ends and the glass hatch begins. Huha removed three small zip-lock baggies containing a white substance that tested positive for cocaine.
Mankovich's knees began to ache after his return to the police station. He discovered his legs were bloody and injured from the knees to the ankles. X-rays did not reveal a fracture, but he was told to see a physician and not to return to work. Subsequently, the pain continued and he had two surgeries on his legs with the condition