trees and tin- wolves, before white
men could live in the country. Intermarriages were practically
1 Indian Treaties, pp. 186 187, 1837; Royce, Cherokee Nation, Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology,
pp. 197 209, 1888
'Indian Treaties, pp 199,200, 1887; Royce, op. cit., pp. 209-211.
mooney] EARLY WESTWARD EMIGRATION 99
unknown, and the children of such union were usually compelled by
race antipathy to cast their lot with the savage.
Under such circumstances the tribes viewed the advance of the
English and their successors, the Americans, with keen distrust, and
as early as the close of the French and Indian war we find some of
them removing from the neighborhood of the English settlements io
a safer shelter in the more remote territories still held by Spain, Soon
after the French withdrew from Fort Toulouse, in 1763, a part of the
Alabama,an incorporated tribe of the ('reek confederacy, left their
villages on the Coosa, and crossing the Mississippi, where they halted
for a time on its western bank, settled on the Sabine river under
Spanish protection. 1 They were followed some years later by a part
of the Koasati. of the same confederacy." the two tribe.- subsequently
drifting into Texas, where they now reside. The Hichitee and others
of the Lower Creeks moved down into Spanish Florida, where the
Yamassee exiles from South Carolina had long before preceded them,
the two combining to form the modern Seminole tribe. When the
Revolution brought about a new line of division, the native tribes,
almost without exception, joined sides with England as against the
Americans, with the result that about one-half the Iroquois tied to
Canada, where they still reside upon lands granted by