documents, 1794, American State Papers: Indian Affairs, i, 1832;
Drake. Indians, 571-577, 1880; Greenville treaty, in Indian Treaties, 1837; Appleton's
Cyclopaedia of American Biography.
(31) First things of civilization (p. 83): We usually find that the first things
adopted by the Indian from his white neighbor are improved weapons and cutting
tools, with trinkets and articles of personal adornment. Altera regular trade has
been established certain traders marry Indian wives, and, taking up their permanent
residence in the Indian country, engage in farming and stock raising according to
civilized methods, thus, even without intention, constituting themselves industrial
teachers for the tribe.
From data furnished by Haywood, guns appear to have been first introduced
among the ( Iherokee a hoi it the year 1700 or 1710, although he himself puts the date
much earlier. Horses were probably not owned in anygreat number before the
marking out of the horse-path for trader- from Augusta about 1740. The Cherokee,
however, took kindly to the animal, and before the beginning of the war of 1760
had a "prodigious number." In spite of their great losses at that time they had so
far recovered in 1775 that almost every man then had from two to a dozen I Adair,
p. 231 I. In the border war- following the Revolution companies of hundred- of
mounted Cherokee and ('reeks sometimes invaded the settlements The cow i-
called wa'ka by the Cherokee and maga by the ('reek.-, indicating thai their first
knowledge of it came through the Spaniards. Xnttall states that ii was first intro-
duce long the Cherokee by the celebrated Nancy Ward i Travels, p. 130). It was
not ill such favor as