Transnasal endoscopic removal of an orbital cavernoma.
The approach to posterior and medial orbital tumors is still a challenge, since poor functional results are frequent. We report a case of cavernoma successfully removed by a modified transnasal endoscopic procedure. The patient, a 56-year-old woman, complained of a decrease in vision of the left eye. Magnetic resonance imaging evidenced a lesion in the posterior part of the orbital cavity, inferior to the optic nerve, extending to the sphenoidal cleft. The lesion was isodense on T1-weighted images and showed contrast enhancement. Because of the medial location of the tumor, the patient was referred to the otolaryngology department by the neurosurgeons, and a transnasal endoscopic approach was chosen. A large exposure of the operative field was obtained, and a cavernoma was removed.holds true for a class as a whole holds true for each member of the class.

asserting that what holds true for a class as a whole holds true for each member of the class. fallacy of statistics: (gambler's mistake): misapplying the statistics of a group to a single situation.

Sources

W. Ward Fearnside and William B. Holther. Fallacy: the Counterfeit of Argument. 1959.

Nicholas Capaldi. The Art of Deception. 1971.

Douglas N. Walton. Informal Logic. 1989.

David Kelley. The Art of Reasoning. 1990.



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