however, does not support the exclusion of present-day subscription services from the category of "broadcasting."    Point-to-point services were defined negatively in the 1927 Convention as "radio communications of any kind between fixed points, exclusive of broadcasting...."  Id.  (emphasis added).  Thus point-to-point services were simply a residual category for those private-message uses of radio not "intended to be received by the public."    The Commission's argument based on the dichotomy in the 1927 Convention is therefore circular.  The Commission fails, moreover, to point to any 1927-1934 service that, like today's STV, provided information and entertainment programming to the general public yet was considered a "fixed service."


52
The definition of broadcasting in the 1934 Communications Act, contrary to the Commission's claim andfollowing the lead of the 1927 Radio Act, was designed to be comprehensive and nontechnical, expressly excluding only common carrier services.19   Indeed, Congress' desire that the 1934 Act provide a continuing comprehensive regulatory framework was evidenced by specific provision for the study and nurture of "new uses for radio,...."  47 U.S.C. Sec. 303(g).


53
Finally, in the 1934 Act, Congress endorsed the balance between broadcaster freedom and public protection established in the 1927 Radio Act, by incorporating into Title III of the Communications Act the substantial part of the 1927 broadcast regulations.  It notably failed even to mention, let alone reconsider, the subscription service issue.  There is absolutely no basis on which to find a departure from its 1927 resolution that if subscription services developed,