witchcraft. 8 This law may have
been the result of the silent working of missionary influence, sup-
ported by such enlightened men as Sequoya.
The treaty which assigned the Arkansas lands to the western Cher-
okee had stipulated that a census should be made of the eastern and
western divisions of the Nation, separately, and an apportionment of the
national annuity forthwith made on that basis. The western line of
the Arkansas tract had also been left open, until according to another
stipulation of the same treaty, the whole amount of land ceded through it
to the United States by the Cherokee Nation in the East could be ascer-
tained in order that an equal quantity might be included within the
boundaries of the western tract. 3 These promises had not yet been
fulfilled, partly because of the efforts ofthe Government to bring
about a larger emigration or a further cession, partly on account of
delay in the state surveys, and partly also because the Osage objected
to the running of a line which should make the Cherokee their next
door neighbors. 4 With their boundaries unadjusted and their annui-
ties withheld, distress and dissatisfaction overcame the western Cher-
okee, many of whom, feeling themselves absolved from territorial
restrictions, spread over the country on the southern side of Arkansas
river,"' while others, under the lead of a chief named The Bowl
(Diwa'di). crossed Red river into Texas — then a portion of Mexico — in
a vain attempt to escape American jurisdiction."
A provisional western boundary having been run, which proved
unsatisfactory both to the western Cherokee and to the people of
Arkansas, an effort was made to settle the