of the developing step, the developer from which the toner has been consumed is collected, and then mixed and/or stirred with a supply toner to thereby return to a developing step.
The developer used for the aforementioned image forming method needs to maintain a constant toner density and charged amount to stably provide a toner image.
The toner density is adjusted with an amount of the toner supplied to compensate the toner consumed in the developing step. Moreover, the charge is adjusted with frictions, as it is applied by frictional electrification when the carrier and the toner are mixed.
Accordingly, the two-component developer consisting of the toner and the carrier is sufficiently stirred in the developing step, to equalize the toner density distribution, and to charge the toner, to thereby stabilizeEsther de Berdt

Esther de Berdt Reed (October 22, 1746 – September 18, 1780) was active in the American Revolutionary War as a civic leader for soldiers' relief, who formed and led the Ladies Association of Philadelphia to provide aid for George Washington's troops during the war.[1]

Contents

Esther De Berdt was born in London, England, into a family descended of Protestant refugees from Ypres, who had fled the "Spanish Fury" led by the Duke of Alba. Her family called her Hette or Hettie and she loved books very much. At the age of twenty-three Esther married Joseph Reed, an American who had studied law in London. Thereafter, she and her widowed mother followed him to Philadelphia in the American colonies.[2] Joseph became a prosperous lawyer and a local political leader,