How to pattern a leaf.
Leaf development presents a tremendous resource for tackling the question of patterning in biology. Leaves can be simple or highly dissected. They may have elaborated parts such as the tendrils of a pea leaf or the rolled blade of a carnivorous pitcher plant. Despite the variation in size, shape, and function, all leaves initiate in the same manner: from the flanks of a meristem. The maize leaf is useful for analysis of patterning due to the wealth of mutants and the distinct tissues along the proximal distal axis. The blade is distal, the sheath is proximal, and the ligule forms at the blade/sheath boundary. Establishment of this boundary involves the transcription factors LIGULELESS1 and LIGULELESS2 and the kinase LIGULELESS NARROW. The meristem-specific protein KNOTTED1Choi Soon-sil, a friend of Park Geun-hye, found guilty of abuse of power, bribery and state meddling

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This article is more than 2 years old

The former confidante of South Korea’s ousted president Park Geun-hye has been sentenced to 20 years in prison for her role in the scandal that brought down Park.

Choi Soon-sil, who through her father, a religious figure, became close to Park, was vilified during the nationwide protests that shook Asia’s fourth-largest economy and culminated in Park’s impeachment last year.

'Rasputin-like' friend of South Korean president returns amid protests Read more

Choi was accused of colluding with Park to extort millions from South Korean firms including the telecommunications firm Samsung and the retail conglomerate Lotte, and of using her connection with the