it \[beating the wife\] happened was when I divorced my last wife*' (Abronoma). That some men had repeatedly beaten their wives and used implements (such as a whip) to do this with, suggests the severity of IPV perpetration by these men.

Men felt they had the responsibility to discipline a '*lazy wife*', and some, like Mawuli, went as far as to blame the women for their violence: '*\[it\] was because of what she said that made me raise my hands on her*'. He further explicated: '*Okay, I see some cases of these violent acts. Sometimes the woman is someone who doesn't respect, so the man can hit her in the face or be physically violent towards her*'. He felt it was his responsibility to beat his wife when sheIn 1939, British photojournalist Douglas Slocombe travelled to Danzig, the free city state on the Polish coast.

He filmed what turned out to be the beginnings of the Second World War.

Douglas spoke to Witness about his memories of that time.

Witness is a World Service radio programme of the stories of our times told by the people who were there.