Dutch governor of New Netherland, built Fort Casimir (now New Castle) just a few miles south of Fort Christina on the Delaware, but the Swedes were not pleased with the Dutch intrusion.

1654. The Swedes captured Fort Casimir and renamed it Fort Trinity.

1655. The Dutch overran the Swedes, captured Fort Trinity and Fort Christina, and ended the New Sweden colony. The Swedish settlements on the Delaware (from present New Castle to present Philadelphia) then became part of New Netherland under Governor Peter Stuyvesant. But, Stuyvesant permitted the Swedish communities to continue as a “Swedish Nation” and to be governed by a court of their choosing. They were also allowed to be free to practice their religion, organize their own militia, retain their land holdings and continue trading with thenative people. The independent Swedish communities continued under the Dutch until 1682, when William Penn was granted the area of present Delaware by the Duke of York.

1660 England. Charles II was restored to the throne as King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. He had lived in exile after the execution of his father, Charles I. In 1649, the Scots had proclaimed Charles the king of Scotland. But the Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell defeated his army in 1651, and Charles fled to France. After Cromwell died in 1658, the English people became increasingly dissatisfied with the government that Cromwell had established. In 1660, Parliament invited Charles to return and declared him king. He ruled until his death in 1685, and during his reign, the British colonials forced out the