the daughters of Yaroslav Mudryi (Anna is specifically named in one record).[13] Unfortunately for the modern historian, no record of the negotiations has been preserved; thus the meetings between the bishops and Yaroslav and his representatives or advisors is left to the imagination. They must have been concluded successfully, because one record states that they returned with her from Rus´ with many gifts[14] — if only the occasion had been described slightly more elaborately, as was the arrival of Evpraksiya Vsevolodovna in the German Empire approximately thirty years later. The modern historian can only wonder what the gifts were, and to whom they were presented. Many of them may have been Anna’s to give as she would, or to use to support herself in her new land.[15] Nevertheless,Anna and the French bishops and their entourage returned to France most likely in 1050, and the couple was married in 1051.[16]

In February of 1052 Anna gave birth to her first son, to whom she gave the name Philip.[17] This was the first time such a name had appeared in the French royal line, and is discussed in detail elsewhere.[18] As Philip was Henry’s firstborn son, he was also the heir and was crowned alongside his father in 1059 to so designate him.[19] Anna gave birth to two more of Henry’s sons, Robert and Hugh. Robert died in childhood, but Hugh lived and went on to marry a well-off widow and become a leader of the First Crusade.[20]

Henry I and Anne of Kyiv. Miniature in “Chroniques de France