in younger "term" members initiated in 1970, a greater emphasis on the Council's Washington office which under Alton Frye was to develop into a major activity and in 1971 the switch to a full-time paid president of the Council, rather than the elder statesmen who had served in that role without pay in previous periods.

THE 1970s AND 1980s

In this period, the Council's range of studies and other activities has been far too broad to summarize briefly, except to note that one major undertaking begun in 1973, the so-called "1980s Project," was in its own way a repeat of the experience of the 1920s, when the Council's output had focused heavily on possible international organizations and efforts. In the wake of the Vietnam War, it appeared that a similarturn might be the direction that policy and popular concerns could and should take, and the 1980s project produced a considerable inventory of thoughtful and far-reaching ideas. However, the country shortly fell back into its Cold War mode, and the project never had much chance of practical application.

As for Foreign Affairs, where I was Editor from 1972 to 1984, articles on oil and energy policy issues prior to the 1973 Middle East War and the first oil crisis, by Walter Levy and James Akins, sounded an alarm little heeded. When the crisis broke, Foreign Affairs gave it a consistent high priority, along with many articles on its financial and economic consequences, but again with little impact on the slow and ill-directed national response. In general, economic issues were