BRASÍLIA — President Jair Bolsonaro has galvanized gun culture in Brazil.

His trademark campaign sign was a hand folded into the shape of a gun. One of his first moves in office was to ease gun ownership rules. His three oldest sons, politicians themselves, have been fierce proponents of expanding gun ownership through policy proposals and social media posts.

With their actions, Mr. Bolsonaro and his sons have done more than make it easier for Brazilians to legally get a gun. They have fueled a political and cultural debate over guns that was new to Brazil, but that in many ways mirrors the discussion in the United States, where critics say more guns means more deaths and supporters say guns are necessary for self-defense.

“With disarmament laws, who gives up accessActing under the authority of section 2 of the act of Congress approved August 10, 1917, entitled an act to provide further for the national security and defense by encouraging the production, conserving the supply, and controlling the distribution of food products and fuel, which section reads in part, as follows: "That in carrying out the purposes of this act the President is authorized * * * to utilize any department or agency of the Government, and to coordinate their activities so as to avoid any preventable loss or duplication of effort or funds;" because the office of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue in the Treasury Department is now regulating the production of distilled spirits throughout the United States and is in control of the machinery necessary to