decided to offer informal counseling sessions from an office in the engineering department – an option that led to a sharp increase in the number of students taking advantage of counseling, particularly those who had avoided more traditional psychological services. Cornell psychologists also began assisting students with practical concerns, such as visa issues.

"A lot of people at risk of suicide or even violence are people who are under an acute stressor, a family stress or some other kind of environmental or contextual stressor," says Greg Eells, the university's director of counseling and psychological services. "Sometimes it's really about those very practical advocacy things.… If a few key steps can be taken by somebody who knows the system, it gets the student out of that place of hopelessness."

Other universitieshave focused on educating students about the options available to them – the sort McFarlane says he wished he'd known about.

The University of California at Berkeley is in the midst of a three-year training effort to teach faculty and students how to confront a problem student and direct him or her to services. George Washington University's Hamilton Fish Institute on School and Community Violence has conducted training for resident advisers in dorms on how to deal with violent or potentially violent students.

Few challenge the importance of a communal effort, but some wonder if offering counseling is enough.

"There is a chance that a troubled person might go to a counselor instead of picking up a gun, but the history suggests that rage shooters are probably not going to," says