Van Gogh's fantasies of replacement: being a double and a twin.
The replacement child, often given the name of the deceased, is prone to fantasies that he or she is the embodiment of the dead child. Vincent van Gogh was born one year to the day after a stillborn brother of the identical name, including the middle name, Willem. In the parish register van Gogh was given the same number twenty-nine as his predecessor brother. Van Gogh's fantasies of death and rebirth, of being a double and a twin, contributed to both his psychopathology and his creativity. The replacement theme in van Gogh's life and work is evident in his voluminous correspondence containing drawings and references to his art. His parents and his brother Theo are viewed as havingand protected. Local organizers in the Egypt and Palestine institutions distributed the self-administered questionnaire to students of random classes at each faculty or institution; data were collected usually at the end of lectures where questionnaires were distributed to participants attending randomly selected classes and then collected after completion. Participation in the survey was completely voluntary, and to encourage participation and improve the response rates (without coercion), we highlighted to students the importance of their participation. Information sheets detailing the aim and objectives of the study accompanied each questionnaire, and students were informed that by completing the questionnaire, they were consenting to participate in the study.

In Egypt, data were collected (2009--2010) from all faculties at the University of Assiut in Assiut city (Business, Engineering, Education, Arts, Social Work, Sciences,