dollars in ten annual payments, together with
five thousand dollars t'<>r the improvements abandoned.
We turn aside now for a time from the direel narrative to note the
developmenl of events which culminated in the forced expatriation of
the Cherokee from their ancestral homes and their removal to the far
western wilderness.
With a few notable exceptions the relations between the French
and Spanish colonists and the native tribes, after the first occupation
of the country, had been friendly and agreeable. Qnder the rule of
France or Spain there was never any Indian boundary. Pioneer and
Indian built their cabins and tilled their fields side by side, ranged
the w Is toe-ether, knelt before the >ame altar and frequently inter-
married on terms of equality, so far as race was concerned. The
7-esult is seen to-day in the mixed-blood communities ofCanada, and
in Mexico, where a nation lias been built upon an Indian foundation.
Within the area of English colonization it was otherwise. From the
lir-t settlement to the recent inauguration of the allotment system it
never occurred to the man of Teutonic blood that he could have for a
neighbor anyone not of his own stock and color. While the English
colonists recognized the native proprietorship so far as to make trea-
ties with tile Indians, it was chiefly for the purpose of fixing limits
beyond which the Indian should never come after he had ;e parted
with his title for a consideration of goods and trinkets. In an early
Virginia treaty it was even stipulated that friendly Indians crossing
the line should sutler death. The Indian was regarded as an incum-
brance to be cleared oil', like the