text: Riga

text: Latvia

text: road bicycle racer

text: individual time trial

text: UCI ProTour

categories: Tour de Suisse stage winners,Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Olympics,1976 births,Latvian male cyclists,Sportspeople from Riga,Cyclists at the 2000 Summer Olympics,Olympic cyclists of Latvia,Living people,Giro d'Italia cyclists

paragraph: Raivis Belohvoščiks

paragraph: Raivis Belohvoščiks (born 21 January 1976 in Riga) was a Latvian professional road bicycle racer who specialized in individual time trial events. He is ten-time Latvian national Time Trial champion. In 2006 he signed a 2-year contract with UCI ProTour team , but this was not renewed for the 2009 season. In 2010, he rode for . He didn't achieve any major results in his first Tour de France. He was 40th in the first time trial around Metz. He was one of the major victims of the Passage du Gois in stage 2, and arrived last in stage 6 to Maubeuge. He left the race during the stage (10) to L'Alpe d'Huez.

paragraph: Section::::Palmares.

paragraph: 1998 – Mapei (Italy/Belgium)

paragraph: 1999 – Lampre-Daikin (Italy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- winner GP d'Europa, Bergamo, Italy (dual time trial, together with Italian teammate Marco Pinotti)

paragraph: BULLET::::- winner Deutschland Rundfahrt, stage 7 in Bensheim (individual time trial)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3rd – National Championships

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4th – World Championships time trial Treviso, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5th – Firenze-Pistoia, Italy, time trial

paragraph: BULLET::::- 30th – Deutschland Rundfahrt, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 33rd – Paris-Bruxelles, France/Belgium (classic)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 42nd – World Championships Verona, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- dnf – Tour de France

paragraph: BULLET::::- dnf – Tour de Suisse

paragraph: BULLET::::- dnf – Ronde van Nederland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 –

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 –

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 –

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 – Marlux–Wincor Nixdorf

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 –

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 – Team Universal Caffé-Styloffice

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 – C.B. Immobiliare – Universal Caffe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 –

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Saunier Duval-Prodir official website

description: road bicycle racer

wikidata_label: Raivis Belohvoščiks

wikipedia_title: Raivis Belohvoščiks


text:
University of Redlands
California State University, Fresno
UCLA
Edna St. Vincent Millay
Pablo Neruda
Pablo Neruda
Kenneth Patchen
Rumi
E. E. Cummings
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Elizabeth Bishop
John F. Kennedy

wikipedia_title:
University of Redlands
California State University, Fresno
University of California, Los Angeles
Edna St. Vincent Millay
Pablo Neruda
Pablo Neruda
Kenneth Patchen
Rumi
E. E. Cummings
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Elizabeth Bishop
John F. Kennedy

categories: 20th-century classical composers,University of California, Los Angeles faculty,20th-century American composers,Living people,21st-century classical composers,American male classical composers,1952 births,21st-century American composers,American classical composers,20th-century male musicians

paragraph: Mark Carlson (composer)

paragraph: Mark Carlson (born June 13, 1952) is an American composer, flutist, UCLA professor, and the founder and Artistic Director of Pacific Serenades.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Ft. Lewis, Washington, and raised primarily in Modesto, California, Carlson attended Johnston College at the University of Redlands; received a B.A. from California State University, Fresno, in 1974, where he studied composition with Dennis Riley and David Bates; and received M.A. (1978) and Ph.D. (1984) degrees in Music Theory and Composition at UCLA, where he studied with Alden Ashforth and Paul Reale. His principal flute teacher was Roger S. Stevens, with whom he studied privately beginning in 1972. In 1982, he founded the Los Angeles-based chamber ensemble, Pacific Serenades, for which he continues to serve as Artistic Director. His more than 100 works include songs, chamber music, choral music, concertos, and music for orchestra and for symphonic wind ensemble.

paragraph: He currently teaches music theory, composition, orchestration, and classes on the administration of performing arts organizations at UCLA, and he also taught music theory and composition at Santa Monica College from 1993 to 2008.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.:Concertante.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto for organ and orchestra (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto for piano and wind ensemble (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto for trumpet, piano, and orchestra (2004)

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.:Chamber music.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Abschied" for cello and piano (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An American Quintet", String Quintet for 2 violins, 2 violas, and cello (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Batik" for violin and piano (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Darkest Day" for euphonium and organ (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dream Fantasies" for flute, oboe, viola, and piano (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Family Portrait in Five Scenes" for clarinet, violin, cello, and piano (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "5 Little Pieces" for flute and piano (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Hall of Mirrors" for clarinet and piano (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Intermezzo" for alto saxophone and piano (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mysterious Divertimento of Dr. T" for flute and harpsichord (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Night Music" for flute (alto flute), and horn quartet (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nightwings" for wind quintet and tape (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Quartet for violin, viola, cello, and piano (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Trio for violin, cello, and piano (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Postcards from Silver Lake" for clarinet, alto saxophone, and piano (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prayer for Peace" for 8 horns (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Quartet for flute, clarinet (bass clarinet), cello, and piano (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Short Stories" for string quartet (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "6 Bagatelles" for flute and string quartet (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonata for cello and piano (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On the Coming of War", Sonata for viola and piano (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Starry Night" for string quartet (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sueños y canciones (Dreams and Songs)" for flute and piccolo, clarinet and bass clarinet, violin, cello, and double bass (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "3 Romances" for flute and piano (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "View from a Hilltop" for clarinet (bass clarinet), violin, cello, and piano (2009)

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.:Vocal.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "After the Sun Has Set" for mezzo-soprano and 11 instruments (1986); words by Edna St. Vincent Millay

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cuatro sonetos de amor" for soprano and piano (1998); words by Pablo Neruda

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Entre la sombra y la alma (Between the shadow and the soul)" for soprano, horn, and piano (2008); words by Pablo Neruda

paragraph: BULLET::::- "From One Who Stays" for mezzo-soprano, flute, cello, and piano (1992); various poets

paragraph: BULLET::::- "From the Song of Songs" for soprano and piano (1988); translation by Marcia Falk

paragraph: BULLET::::- "From the Song of Songs: Part II" for mezzo-soprano and piano (1992); translation by Marcia Falk

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Night Will Blossom" for medium-low voice, flute, and piano (1994); various poets

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Patchen Songs" for baritone and piano (1976); words by Kenneth Patchen

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Songs of Rumi" for bass-baritone, clarinet, violin, cello, and piano (2007); words by Rumi

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This Is the Garden" for baritone and piano (1987); words by E. E. Cummings

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two Songs" for mezzo-soprano, tenor saxophone, viola, cello, and piano (2005); words by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and Elizabeth Bishop

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.:Choral.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ballad of Charlie Howard (A Kenduskeag Trilogy)" for TTBB and piano (2001); words by Bruce Olstad, Brian Quint, and the composer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Come, O Holy Spirit, Come" for SATB, flute, and organ (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Common Link" and "The Enemy of Truth" for TTBB, violin, and piano (2002); texts by John F. Kennedy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "From Children's Voices" for SATB and piano (1993); "Miracles: Poems by Children of the English-Speaking World", collected by Richard Lewis

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Let All Things Now Living" for SATB and organ (1993); Katherine K. Davis, poet

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mass: Christ in Majesty" for chorus, orchestra, and organ (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Welcome Winter!" for TTBB and piano (2002); words by Bruce Olstad

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Wreath of Anthems (An American Christmas Cantata)" for SATB and orchestra (1990); various American poets

description: American composer

wikidata_label: Mark Carlson

wikipedia_title: Mark Carlson (composer)


text:
professional baseball
Major League Baseball
Boston Braves
catcher
batting average
at-bat
minor leagues
battleship
United States Navy Reserve
appendicitis
peritonitis
appendix
Roxbury, Massachusetts
Scotland
tobacco
Cuba
English High School
Boston
hudler
shot put
track and field
catcher
baseball
fullback
football
Boston Braves
George Stallings
going directly to the major leagues
professional baseball
Hank Gowdy
concussion
Walt Tragesser
major league
hits
at-bat
sacrifice
St. Louis Cardinals
Earl Blackburn
put out
total chances
minor league
Eastern League
batted
games played
errors
National Guard
double
run scored
runs batted in
outfield
assists
United States Navy Reserve
battleship
appendicitis
appendix
peritonitis
Holyhood Cemetery
Brookline, Massachusetts

wikipedia_title: List of baseball players who went directly to Major League Baseball

categories: Boston Braves players,Major League Baseball catchers,Sportspeople from Boston,Baseball players from Massachusetts,1895 births,1919 deaths,Springfield Green Sox players

paragraph: Art Rico

paragraph: Arthur Ramon "Art" Rico (July 23, 1895 – January 3, 1919) was an American professional baseball player whose career spanned two seasons (1916–17), including parts of those seasons in Major League Baseball with the Boston Braves. Over his major league career, Rico, a catcher, compiled a .222 batting average with four hits in 18 at-bats. He also played in the minor leagues with the Class-B Springfield Green Sox.

paragraph: After a stint aboard a battleship as a member of the United States Navy Reserve during World War I, Rico was deactivated and hoped to rejoin the Braves for the 1919 season. He was stricken by a appendicitis early in January 1919, however, and died at the age of 23 of peritonitis resulting from a ruptured appendix shortly after emergency surgery.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early years.

paragraph: Arthur "Art" Rico was born on July 23, 1895 in Roxbury, Massachusetts. His parents were first-generation immigrants to America, with his mother, the former Margaret Monahan, coming from Scotland as an infant and his father, Antonio Fernando Rico, arriving from Spain in 1877. His father, a prosperous tobacco dealer who owned a plantation in Cuba, died when Art was 14, leaving his family a substantial estate.

paragraph: Rico attended English High School in Boston before transferring to the private Huntington School for Boys, where he was a three-sport athlete as a hudler and regional champion shot putter for the track and field squad, a catcher for the baseball team, and a fullback for the football team.

paragraph: A renowned athlete in the Boston area, in February 1916 Rico received an invitation from Boston Braves manager George Stallings to attend the team's spring training camp in preparation for the summer season.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.

paragraph: Rico managed to make the 1916 Braves' squad out of spring training and thereby accomplished the rare feat of going directly to the major leagues to begin his professional baseball career. A reserve catcher with two ahead of him on the depth chart, Rico was treated as a project by manager Stallings, who kept Rico next to him on the bench, teaching him the intricacies of the professional game through observation.

paragraph: Following an injury to starting catcher Hank Gowdy from a foul tip to the hand and a concussion two innings later suffered by backup Walt Tragesser, Rico made his major league debut on July 31, 1916, lining out to left field in his first at bat. Rico also played the next day, with no hits in three at-bats and one sacrifice in a 1-0 extra-innings win over the St. Louis Cardinals. The Braves were speedy in recalling catcher Earl Blackburn from their AA farm club, limiting Rico to two short defensive appearances for the rest of the 1916 season. Defensively, Rico put out five in six total chances during the four games played in his rookie year.

paragraph: At the start of the 1917 season., Rico joined the minor league Springfield Green Sox, who were members of the Class-B Eastern League. With the Green Sox, Rico batted .240 with 25 hits in 30 games played. As a catcher for the Green Sox, Rico committed nine errors in 142 total chances.

paragraph: An opening emerged with the big league club later in 1917 when Braves starting catcher Hank Gowdy became the first major leaguer to enlist in the military during World War I, joining the National Guard. Following his recall to the majors, Art Rico hit .286 with a double, a run scored, and two runs batted in in 13 games played. On defense, Rico played 11 games as a catcher and two games in the outfield. As a catcher, he committed one error and made four assists and 15 put outs in 20 total chances.

paragraph: In December 1917 Rico himself enlisted in the United States Navy Reserve, serving aboard the battleship . This military duty removed Rico from any possible participation in professional baseball during the 1918 season. Rico was deactivated from the military in December 1918, with the war in Europe having concluded. He planned on rejoining the Braves for the 1919 season, which would have been his third.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death and legacy.

paragraph: In January 1919 Rico was stricken with appendicitis and hospitalized in Boston. Surgery on January 2 discovered a ruptured appendix and an advanced case of peritonitis and Rico's health rapidly failed, ending in death during the night of January 3/4, 1919. Rico was 23 years old and unmarried at the time of his demise.

paragraph: Rico's body was buried at Holyhood Cemetery in Brookline, Massachusetts.

description: professional baseball player

wikidata_label: Art Rico

wikipedia_title: Art Rico


text:
Bouillon
1932
1980
Frédéric Norbert
Bouillon
Royal Conservatory of Brussels
Louis Jouvet
The Trojan War Will Not Take Place
Jean Giraudoux
Théâtre de l'Athénée
The End of the day
Julien Duvivier
Ondine
Dominique Zachary
La dame de chez Maxim's
Alexander Korda
Fred Ellis
Max Neufeld
On the Streets
Victor Trivas
La Guerre des valses
Raoul Ploquin
Ludwig Berger
Louis Jouvet
Roger Goupillières
Hans Steinhoff
Casanova
René Barberis
Liliom
Fritz Lang
The House on the Dune
Pierre Billon
Crime et Châtiment
Pierre Chenal
Le secret des Woronzeff
André Beucler
Arthur Robison
Félix Gandéra
Christian-Jaque
Le Coupable
Raymond Bernard
Fedor Ozep
Ramuntcho
René Barberis
La Fin du jour
Julien Duvivier
Fedor Ozep
Jean Desvilles
Francis Ramirez
Christian Rolot
La Race des seigneurs
Pierre Granier-Deferre
Le Vieux Fusil
Robert Enrico
Moshé Mizrahi
Hunt Sutton Vane
Comedie des Champs-Elysees
Lajos Zilahy
Théâtre de la Madeleine
Jean Anouilh
Théâtre de l'Athénée
Hunt Sutton Vane
Comedie des Champs-Elysees
Tessa, la nymphe au cœur fidèle
Jean Giraudoux
La guerre de Troie n'aura pas lieu
Jean Giraudoux
L'École des femmes
Molière
Électre
Jean Giraudoux
L'Impromptu de Paris
Jean Giraudoux
Marcel Achard
Ondine
Jean Giraudoux
Prosper Mérimée
Alfred de Musset
L'Apollon de Marsac
Jean Giraudoux
Jules Supervielle
L'Annonce faite à Marie
Paul Claudel
Gabriel Marcel
Theatre du Vieux-Colombier
Fernand Millaud
Théâtre des Arts
La guerre de Troie n'aura pas lieu
Jean Giraudoux
Bellac Festival
La Folle de Chaillot
Jean Giraudoux
Théâtre national de Chaillot
La Folle de Chaillot
Jean Giraudoux
Bellac Festival
Liliane Wouters
Daniel Sorano
Michel Vinaver
Théâtre de l'Odéon
Jean-Edern Hallier
Espace Cardin
Madeleine Ozeray
Madeleine Ozeray in Charmant duel

categories: 1908 births,French stage actresses,People from Bouillon,French film actresses,1989 deaths

paragraph: Madeleine Ozeray

paragraph: Madeleine Ozeray (13 September 1908 in Bouillon – 28 March 1989 ), was a French stage and film actress. She appeared in many films between 1932 and 1980. She is the godmother of theater actor, dancer and singer Frédéric Norbert.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Madeleine Ozeray was born in Bouillon Belgium to Camille Ozeray (1855–1938), a lawyer and Liberal member of the province of Luxembourg, and Marie Deymann.

paragraph: She studied at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels where she won first prize for comedy.

paragraph: At twenty-seven she joined the theater company of Louis Jouvet where she played the role of Helen in "The Trojan War Will Not Take Place" by Jean Giraudoux at the Théâtre de l'Athénée. In 1939 she appeared opposite Jouvet in the film "The End of the day" produced by Julien Duvivier, in the role of young Jeannette. She plays with such delicate grace characteristic, both fragile and fierce, she had already filled the role of Rosalie in the film Victor Trivas 1933, in the streets.

paragraph: In April 1939 Jean Giraudoux's play "Ondine" opened in Paris with Ozeray in the title role.

paragraph: In 2008, in celebration of the centenary of Ms. Ozeray's birth, Belgian journalist Dominique Zachary devoted an entire book, now the standard reference work, tracing the life and career of this celebrated actress.

paragraph: Ms. Ozeray died in Paris at the age of 81 after a long battle with cancer. She is buried in the cemetery of her hometown of Bouillon.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931 : "La dame de chez Maxim's", Alexander Korda

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932 : "Une jeune fille et un million", Fred Ellis and Max Neufeld

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933 : "On the Streets", Victor Trivas

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933 : "La Guerre des valses", Raoul Ploquin and Ludwig Berger

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933 : "Knock ou le triomphe de la médecine", Louis Jouvet and Roger Goupillières

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933 : "Un peu d'amour", Hans Steinhoff

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934 : "Casanova", René Barberis

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934 : "Liliom", Fritz Lang

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934 : "The House on the Dune", Pierre Billon

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934 : "Bar de nuit" (short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 : "Crime et Châtiment", Pierre Chenal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 : "Le secret des Woronzeff", André Beucler and Arthur Robison

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 : "Les Mystères de Paris", Félix Gandéra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 : "Sous la griffe", Christian-Jaque

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936 : "Le Coupable", Raymond Bernard

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 : "La Dame de pique", Fedor Ozep

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 : "Ramuntcho", René Barberis

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 : "La Fin du jour", Julien Duvivier

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944 : "Le Père Chopin", Fedor Ozep

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972 : "Les Anges", Jean Desvilles

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974 : "La Pousse des feuilles" (short), Francis Ramirez and Christian Rolot

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974 : "La Race des seigneurs", Pierre Granier-Deferre

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975 : "Le Vieux Fusil", Robert Enrico

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978 : "M, cinquante huit" (short), Jean-Claude Boussard

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 : "Chère inconnue", Moshé Mizrahi

paragraph: Section::::Theatre.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926 : "Au grand large", Hunt Sutton Vane; Comedie des Champs-Elysees

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933 : "Cette nuit là...", Lajos Zilahy, Théâtre de la Madeleine

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933 : "Mandarine", Jean Anouilh, Théâtre de l'Athénée

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934 : "Au grand large", Hunt Sutton Vane; Comedie des Champs-Elysees

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934 : "Tessa, la nymphe au cœur fidèle", Jean Giraudoux; Théâtre de l'Athénée

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 : "La guerre de Troie n'aura pas lieu", Jean Giraudoux, Théâtre de l'Athénée

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936 : "L'École des femmes", Molière, Théâtre de l'Athénée

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 : "Électre", Jean Giraudoux, Théâtre de l'Athénée

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 : "L'Impromptu de Paris", Jean Giraudoux, Théâtre de l'Athénée

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 : "Le Corsaire", Marcel Achard, Théâtre de l'Athénée

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 : "Ondine", Jean Giraudoux, Théâtre de l'Athénée

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 : "L'Occasion", Prosper Mérimée, Latin American tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 : "On ne badine pas avec l'amour", 'Alfred de Musset, Latin American tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 : "L'Apollon de Marsac", Jean Giraudoux, Latin American tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 : "La Belle au bois", Jules Supervielle, Latin American tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 : "L'Annonce faite à Marie", Paul Claudel, Latin American tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953 : "Le Chemin de crête", Gabriel Marcel, Theatre du Vieux-Colombier

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957 : "Au Paradis", Fernand Millaud, Théâtre des Arts

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 : "La guerre de Troie n'aura pas lieu", Jean Giraudoux, Bellac Festival

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965 : "La Folle de Chaillot", Jean Giraudoux, Théâtre national de Chaillot

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971 : "La Folle de Chaillot", Jean Giraudoux, Bellac Festival

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971 : "Oscarine ou les tournesols", Liliane Wouters, Théâtre Daniel Sorano,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973 : "Par-dessus bord", Michel Vinaver, Théâtre de l'Odéon

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976 : "Le Genre humain", Jean-Edern Hallier, Espace Cardin

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Madeleine Ozeray at Virtual History

paragraph: BULLET::::- Madeleine Ozeray in Charmant duel

description: French actress

wikidata_label: Madeleine Ozeray

wikipedia_title: Madeleine Ozeray


text: Syrian

text: Kurdish

text: Mediterranean Sea

text: Syrian refugees

text: European refugee crisis

text: timeline

text: Turkish

text: journalist

text: Nilüfer Demir

text: Canada

text: refugee crisis

text: 2015 Canadian federal election

text: Kobanî

text: Syria

text: Turkey

text: ISIL

text: Kos

text: Vancouver

text: British Columbia

text: Canada

text: Turkish

text: Canadian government

text: New Democratic Party

text: Fin Donnelly

text: Chris Alexander

text: Toronto

text: inflatable boat

text: Bodrum

text: Kos

text: life vests

text: lifejackets

text: metre

text: burials

text: Siege of Kobanî

text: Islamic State

text: Doğan News Agency

text: Doğan News Agency

text: Reuters

text: smuggler

text: President of Turkey

text: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

text: François Hollande

text: David Cameron

text: Enda Kenny

text: Migrant Offshore Aid Station

text: Cory Bernardi

text: Brendan O'Neill

text: The Spectator

text: Nick Logan

text: Global News

text: Bloody Sunday

text: Civil Rights Movement

text: beaten

text: Alabama

text: Voting Rights Act of 1965

text: Conservative Party

text: Stephen Harper

text: Laureen

text: Jason Kenney

text: Chris Alexander

text: the 2015 Canadian federal election

text: Ottawa

text: NDP

text: Thomas Mulcair

text: Fin Donnelly

text: Citizenship and Immigration Canada

text: Liberal

text: Justin Trudeau

text: Green Party

text: Elizabeth May

text: Moroccan capital

text: Ai Weiwei

text: India Today

text: India Art Fair

text: Missy Higgins

text: Oh Canada

text: European Central Bank

text: Frankfurt

text: Lupe Fiasco

text: Drogas Wave

text: Mint of Finland

text: commemorative coin

text: Finnish

text: public library

text: Sea-Watch

text: Sea-Watch 3

text: Carola Rackete

text: Lampedusa

text: moments of silence

text: Spiegel Online

text: Christmas Eve

text: 3 News

text: New Zealand

text: BBC

text: Bild

text: ISIL

text: propaganda

text: apostates

text: souls

text: hell

text: Channel 4 television

text: Christmas

text: Christmas Message

text: Queen Elizabeth II

text: Refugees of the Syrian Civil War

text: Timeline of the European migrant crisis

text: Omran Daqneesh

text: Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb

categories: 2015 Canadian federal election,2015 deaths,Child deaths,Deaths by person,Right of asylum in Canada,Deaths by drowning,Accidental deaths in Turkey,Transport disasters involving refugees of the Arab Winter (2011–present),Bodrum,2015 in Turkey

paragraph: Death of Alan Kurdi

paragraph: Alan Kurdi (), initially reported as Aylan Kurdi, was a three-year-old Syrian boy of Kurdish ethnic background whose image made global headlines after he drowned on 2 September 2015 in the Mediterranean Sea. He and his family were Syrian refugees trying to reach Europe amid the European refugee crisis (see timeline). Photographs of his body were taken by Turkish journalist Nilüfer Demir and quickly spread around the world, prompting international responses. Because Kurdî's family had reportedly been trying to reach Canada, his death and the wider refugee crisis immediately became an issue in the 2015 Canadian federal election.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Kurdi is believed to have been born about 2012 in Kobanî, Syria. A Syrian journalist stated that the family name was Shenu; "Kurdi" was used in Turkey because of their ethnic background. After moving between various cities in northern Syria to escape the civil war and ISIL, his family settled in Turkey. The family returned to Kobanî at the beginning of 2015, but returned to Turkey in June 2015 when ISIL attacked Kobanî again. During this time, Kurdi's father arranged for an illegal passage to Kos.

paragraph: Kurdi's family members were hoping to join their relatives in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, after his aunt Tima Kurdi filed for refugee sponsorship, but this was rejected by the Department of Citizenship and Immigration Canada after the family members were denied an exit visa by Turkish authorities. According to the department an application by Alan's uncle, Mohammad, was rejected as it was incomplete, and no application was ever received from Abdullah Kurdi, Alan's father. Abdullah Kurdi said that the Canadian government denied his application for asylum and that they were responsible for the tragedy.

paragraph: Canadian New Democratic Party (NDP) MP Fin Donnelly told the media that he had hand-delivered their file to Citizenship and Immigration Minister Chris Alexander earlier this year, but the application was rejected in June 2015 because it was incomplete. The Kurdi family tried to obtain entry to Canada under a private sponsorship program whereby groups of five people may also sponsor an individual or family. They are required to demonstrate that they can provide roughly 27,000 Canadian dollars to support a family of four refugees. According to Alexandra Kotyk, project manager of "Lifeline Syria", a refugee settlement group in Toronto, the program requires that people seeking to come to Canada from Turkey first be declared refugees by the Turkish government. She said that was often a difficult or impossible condition to fulfill.

paragraph: In the early hours of 2 September 2015, Kurdi and his family boarded a small plastic or rubber inflatable boat, which capsized about five minutes after leaving Bodrum in Turkey. Sixteen people were in the boat, which was designed for a maximum of eight people. They were trying to reach the Greek island of Kos, about 30 minutes () from Bodrum. Kurdi's father said: "We had no life vests", but also said they were wearing life jackets, but they "were all fake". Others have stated that they believed that they were wearing lifejackets but the items were ineffective.

paragraph: It was later stated on Syrian radio that the Kurdi family paid $5,860 for their four spaces on the boat, which had twelve passengers on it despite being only about five metres long. Alan Kurdi's mother joined in the trip even though she had a fear of being on the open sea. Tima Kurdi, Alan Kurdi's aunt, advised her sister not to go. The individuals on the boat evaded the Turkish Coastguard by setting out from an isolated beach late at night.

paragraph: Around 5 am authorities started an investigation after an emergency call that a boat had capsized and bodies were coming ashore. The bodies of Kurdi and another child were discovered by two locals at around 6:30 am. The two men moved the bodies from the water, where Kurdi was later photographed by a Turkish press photographer.

paragraph: On 3 September 2015, Kurdi along with brother Galib and mother Rehana were taken to Kobanî for burials, which took place the next day. It is Islamic tradition to bury the dead within 24 hours if possible. The Siege of Kobanî ended in March 2015 and Islamic State attacks on what was left of the city stopped completely in August 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Fatal accident and body recovery.:Arrests of alleged perpetrators.

paragraph: Turkish authorities later arrested four individuals in connection with the illegal journey, although they appeared to be low-level intermediaries.

paragraph: Alan Kurdi's father, Abdullah Kurdi, has stated in some of his interviews that the inflatable boat became uncontrollable as its engine had failed, with the 'captain' abandoning it and everyone else. Some Turkish sources claimed that in his first interview with the Doğan News Agency, he gives a different account of the event; he also states that following two unsuccessful attempts to cross into the Greek island Kos, his family provided its own boat with its own means. However, Abdullah never confirmed the Doğan News Agency interview.

paragraph: An Iraqi survivor from the same boat, Zainab Abbas, who also lost two children from the disaster, told reporters that Abdullah had been presented to her as the "captain", that he was driving the overcrowded boat too fast, causing it to flip over, and that he pleaded with her while they were still both in the water not to report him to anyone in authority. Abbas said her family escaped out of Baghdad from ISIS and she was angry because all the media attention was on Aylan Kurdi and Abdullah Kurdi and not on her family. She later returned to Baghdad and said her dead children's bodies had not been correctly prepared for burial and called on Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott to grant her family asylum so they could escape Islamic State. The Reuters agency reported that interviews with two other passengers in the boat, Iraqis Ahmed Hadi Jawwad (Zainab Abbas's husband), and 22-year-old Amir Haider, corroborated Abbas's account.

paragraph: Abdullah denied the accusation, stating: "If I was a people smuggler, why would I put my family in the same boat as the other people? I paid the same amount to the people smugglers." and "I lost my family, I lost my life, I lost everything, so let them say whatever they want." According to Turkish authorities, investigations into the smuggling operations in Turkey showed that refugees were often tasked with helping smugglers sign up passengers for smuggling trips. It was also not uncommon for one of the passengers to be given the responsibility of driving the boat. No smuggler, with family in Turkey and a steady income from the lucrative smuggling trade, would want to end up illegally in Europe and risk not being able to return home, where he would be likely to face arrest anyway. The President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan offered Alan's father Abdullah citizenship of Turkey.

paragraph: Section::::Reactions.

paragraph: The photograph of Kurdi's body caused a dramatic upturn in international concern over the refugee crisis. French President François Hollande phoned Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and some European leaders after the images of Kurdi emerged in the media. He said that the picture must be a reminder of the world's responsibility regarding refugees. British Prime Minister David Cameron said he felt deeply moved by images of Kurdi. Irish Prime Minister Enda Kenny commented on the photographs of Kurdi and described the refugee crisis as a "human catastrophe" and found the pictures "absolutely shocking".

paragraph: The picture has been credited with causing a surge in donations to charities helping migrants and refugees, with one charity, the Migrant Offshore Aid Station, recording a 15-fold increase in donations within 24 hours of its publication. The "Daily Mail" stated in a 10 September article that the harrowing nature of Kurdi's death and the related images were "highlighting the horrific human cost of the global migrant crisis".

paragraph: An article in "The Guardian", on 22 December 2015, outlined a collection of what it described as "outrageous claims" against Abdullah Kurdi. It was said that he was an opportunist who used his status as a Syrian refugee for personal gain. Another source said that Abdullah was profiting from the tragedy, including selling his dead son's clothes to a museum in Paris. Australian politician Cory Bernardi claimed that "The father sent them on that boat so he could get dental treatment". Some anti-immigration politicians claimed that the image of Alan on the beach had been faked.

paragraph: Section::::Reactions.:Reactions to the photos.:Debate on the public responses to the pictures.

paragraph: Brendan O'Neill wrote in "The Spectator" on 3 September 2015 that: "The global spreading of this snapshot ... is justified as a way of raising awareness about the migrant crisis. Please. It's more like a snuff photo for progressives, dead-child porn, designed not to start a serious debate about migration in the 21st century but to elicit a self-satisfied feeling of sadness among Western observers."

paragraph: In contrast, Nick Logan of Global News argued on 4 September 2015: "Photojournalists sometimes capture images so powerful the public and policymakers can't ignore what the pictures show." He compared the images of Kurdi's body to the pictures taken during the "Bloody Sunday" event in which civil rights activists during the Civil Rights Movement were beaten by Alabama state troopers, and he said that widespread viewership of those images helped peaceful demonstrators in the passage of measures such as the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

paragraph: Section::::Reactions.:Impact on the 2015 Canadian federal election.

paragraph: The death of Kurdi and reports that his family had been trying to ultimately reach Canada had an immediate impact on domestic Canadian politics. Prime Minister and leader of the Conservative Party Stephen Harper cancelled a photo opportunity and addressed the issue in a campaign event. "Yesterday, Laureen and I saw on the Internet, the picture of this young boy, Alan, dead on the beach. Look, I think, our reaction to that, you know the first thing that crossed our mind was remembering our son Ben at that age, running around like that" Harper said. Minister of National Defence and Multiculturalism Jason Kenney cancelled an important announcement on Conservative efforts to protect the integrity of Canada's immigration system and the security of Canada. Canadian Citizenship and Immigration Minister Chris Alexander announced he would be temporarily suspending his campaigning in the 2015 Canadian federal election to return to Ottawa to resume his ministerial duties and investigate the case of Alan Kurdi, whose uncle's application for refugee status had been rejected by his ministry.

paragraph: Leader of the Opposition and NDP leader Thomas Mulcair said that "Chris Alexander has a lot to answer for, but that's not where we are right now. We're worried about how we got here, how the collective international response has been so defective, how Canada has failed so completely." NDP MP Fin Donnelly was accused of using the tragic event as a means to garner votes, because he initially told reporters that he had personally handed a letter to Immigration Minister Chris Alexander urging the minister to look at the refugee application of Alan Kurdi's family, but that Canadian immigration authorities denied the family's application. However, later the aunt of Alan Kurdi revealed that the application was made only for Kurdi's uncle and was rejected because it was not complete. Meanwhile, the Citizenship and Immigration Canada office clarified that they had not received the proper documentation to certify refugee status for the uncle's family. Mulcair later defended Donnelly, saying that no apology was warranted because the letter had mentioned both families, and stated that he "couldn't be prouder to have someone of the strength, integrity and hard work as Fin Donnelly" in caucus.

paragraph: Liberal leader Justin Trudeau said that "you don't get to suddenly discover compassion in the middle of an election campaign" and that "All different stripes of governments in Canada have stepped up in times of crisis to accept people fleeing for their lives", he said. "Canadians get it. This is about doing the right thing, about living up to the values that we cherish as a country." Trudeau also reiterated the Liberal promise made several months before the election to bring in 25,000 Syrian refugees.

paragraph: Green Party leader Elizabeth May criticized Stephen Harper's response to the crisis, noting the difficulty of sponsoring a refugee in Canada. On the Green Party website, May accused the government of lacking credibility on the issue, "having failed to honour previous [refugee] announcements".

paragraph: Section::::Reactions.:Reactions in the arts.

paragraph: A week following his death, around 30 Moroccans recreated the discovery of Kurdi's body in tribute in the Moroccan capital. In January 2016 the Chinese artist Ai Weiwei posed like Kurdi by imitating his dead body as shown in the media pictures. The picture was published first in the Indian magazine India Today together with an interview of Ai Weiwei, and was also shown at the India Art Fair.

paragraph: In February 2016, Missy Higgins released a song titled "Oh Canada", dedicated to Alan Kurdi.

paragraph: In March 2016 a huge mural of Kurdi's dead body appeared on a wall next to the European Central Bank headquarters in Frankfurt.

paragraph: In September 2018, hip hop artist Lupe Fiasco released a song titled "Alan Forever" on his album Drogas Wave. The song presents an alternate reality where Alan survived.

paragraph: Section::::Reactions.:Other uses.

paragraph: In April 2017 Mint of Finland revealed a commemorative coin celebrating the centenary of Finnish independence, using a picture of Alan Kurdi's body on the obverse side of the coin. This picture is accompanied with the text "Global Justice" (Globaali oikeudenmukaisuus). The death of Alan Kurdi is contrasted with a Finnish public library on the reverse side of the coin.

paragraph: In February 2019 the rescue ship ' of the German sea rescue organization was renamed to '. Following a similar conflict in early July 2019 with the German Sea-Watch organization rescue ship "Sea-Watch 3" under the command of Carola Rackete, Italian authorities also denied the "Alan Kurdi" access to the harbour of Lampedusa on 6 July 2019. After international intervention, the refugees eventually entered Malta on 7 July 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Prayer events and moments of silence were held by various organisations including those held by NGOs.

paragraph: President of Defend International "called on the international community to share equitably the responsibility for protecting, assisting and hosting refugees in accordance with principles of international solidarity and human rights". A host of a daily radio program wished that "Alan Kurdi's death would inspire us to create a world without borders", while a commentary published at Spiegel Online suggested that Berlin needs to "reform or abolish its refugee policy". Artists and poets from all over the world shared tributes to Alan Kurdi.

paragraph: Over three months later, on Christmas Eve 2015, 3 News New Zealand said "Pictures of his lifeless body on a beach came to symbolise the wider tragedy. Can there have been a more moving, a more powerful image than the photograph of the tiny lifeless body of Aylan Kurdi being carried from the sea?"

paragraph: On 2 January 2016 a feature article on the BBC News website opened with the words: "It was one of those moments when the whole world seems to care." It went on to quote Alan Kurdi's aunt Tima Kurdi:

paragraph: On 8 September 2015, the publication "Bild" removed all pictures, including those of Kurdi, from its print edition and website in response to complaints about its decision to publish images of Kurdi. The newspaper stated about "the power of pictures": "Only when one does not see them, one understands the magic which pictures create".

paragraph: The ISIL terrorist group incorporated Kurdi's death into their propaganda campaigns, using an image of Kurdi's corpse while claiming that God will punish those that dare to emigrate from nations with ISIL influences. The group also asserted that those who leave are likely to become apostates who will have their souls enter hell upon death. The actions brought condemnation in publications such as the "Daily Mail", labeling it "[d]epraved" and "sick".

paragraph: Channel 4 television in the UK present an annual Christmas message as an alternative to the Christmas Message of Queen Elizabeth II. In 2015 their speaker was Abdullah Kurdi, who said:

paragraph: If a person shuts a door in someone's face, this is very difficult. When a door is opened they no longer feel humiliated. At this time of year I would like to ask you all to think about the pain of fathers, mothers and children who are seeking peace and security. We ask just for a little bit of sympathy from you. Hopefully next year the war will end in Syria and peace will reign all over the world.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Refugees of the Syrian Civil War

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of the European migrant crisis

paragraph: BULLET::::- Omran Daqneesh

paragraph: BULLET::::- Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb

description: three-year-old who died from capsized boat August 2015

wikidata_label: Alan Kurdi

wikipedia_title: Death of Alan Kurdi


text:
Formula One
Nelson Piquet
Formula E
Nelson Piquet, Jr.
2014
2015 Brazilian Formula 3 Championships
2014 Toyota Racing Series
2016
2014
2015
Van Amersfoort Racing
European Formula 3 championship
Trident Racing
GP3 Series
Silverstone
Monza

categories: Porsche Supercup drivers,Global RallyCross Championship drivers,1998 births,FIA European Formula 3 Championship drivers,Brazilian racing drivers,Toyota Racing Series drivers,Brazilian Formula Three Championship drivers,Living people,GP3 Series drivers

paragraph: Pedro Piquet

paragraph: Pedro Estácio Leão Piquet Souto Maior is a Brazilian racing driver. He is the son of three-time Formula One world champion Nelson Piquet and younger half brother of Formula E champion Nelson Piquet, Jr. He is known for his successes in single-seater junior categories, including winning the 2014 and 2015 Brazilian Formula 3 Championships.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Karting.

paragraph: Piquet began his racing career in karts at age 8 in 2006. During his karting career, he won numerous titles, including three Brazilian championships.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Toyota Racing Series.

paragraph: Piquet debuted in single-seater cars in the 2014 Toyota Racing Series. He struggled in the first six races, finishing no higher than 13th. His season was then brought to a premature end by licensing problems relating to his age.

paragraph: In 2016, he returned to the series, racing for "M2 Competition" for two seasons.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Brazilian Formula Three.

paragraph: Following his derailed first attempt at the Toyota Racing Series, Piquet returned to Brazil and began racing in Brazilian Formula Three in 2014. He had an extremely successful season, winning 11 of the 16 races and the championship. In 2015, he chose to continue racing in Brazilian Formula Three, winning it for the second time.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:European Formula 3.

paragraph: In 2016, Piquet joined Van Amersfoort Racing for the European Formula 3 championship. He competed for two seasons.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:GP3 Series.

paragraph: In 2018, Piquet joined Trident Racing and is currently competing in the GP3 Series, winning in Silverstone and Monza.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Other racing experience.

paragraph: Alongside his single-seater racing, Piquet has participated in other events. In 2014, he entered and won the Brazilian Porsche GT3 Cup Challenge. He also entered one race in the Global Rallycross Championship, taking a podium, and one race in the Brazilian Mercedes-Benz Challenge C250 Cup. In 2015, he started two races in the Porsche Mobil 1 Supercup, scoring no points. He also raced again in the Brazilian Porsche GT3 Cup Challenge, this time scoring two podiums in six races.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Career summary.

paragraph: † As Piquet was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points.br

paragraph: * Season still in progress.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete Porsche Supercup results.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete FIA Formula 3 Championship results.

paragraph: Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.

description: Brazilian racing driver

wikidata_label: Pedro Piquet

wikipedia_title: Pedro Piquet


text:
Veendam
Zuidlaren
portrait painting
Rotterdam
Hogere Burgerschool
Rijksakademie
August Allebé
theosophy
London
Paris
Munich
Dresden
Arthur Ayliffe
Willem de Kooning Academy
Pulchri Studio
Morocco
Zuidlaren

categories: Willem de Kooning Academy alumni,1964 deaths,20th-century Dutch painters,Dutch male painters,Royal Academy of Art, The Hague alumni,Willem de Kooning Academy faculty,1880 births

paragraph: Herman Mees

paragraph: Hermanus Ellen (Herman) Mees (September 19, 1880 in Veendam – November 28, 1964 in Zuidlaren) was a Dutch artist, active as painter, watercolorist, draftsman, pastelist, lithographer, and academy lecturer. He was specialized in portrait painting.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Mees, son of the physician Willem Mees and Geertruida Hermina Oving, moved in 1897 with his family from Veendam to Rotterdam. There he passed his exams for the Hogere Burgerschool in 1899. He studied architecture at the Polytechnic School in Delft for one year in 1900, attended the Rijksakademie in Amsterdam from 1901 to 1903, and in 1902-1903 also the Academy of Visual Arts in Rotterdam, and the Academy of Fine Arts in The Hague from 1904 to 1905. In The Hague he graduated in 1905, obtaining a teacher diploma for secondary drawing education. He had studied under August Allebé and Willem van Konijnenburg.

paragraph: Mees was interested in theosophy. The theosophical philosophy prescribed a simple life without much needs. After obtaining this degree, he went out into the world. After wandering in London, Paris, Munich and Dresden, he settled in London, where the headquarters of the Theosophical movement were located. There he met Arthur Ayliffe with whom he had many philosophical debates. He spent much time in the London parks, making hundreds of pencil sketches and pencil studies. In 1914 Mees moved to Spain, but soon had to flee because of the war.

paragraph: In 1917 Mees accepted a position as a teacher at the Rotterdam Art Academy, now Willem de Kooning Academy. The Academy gave him the first years annual five-month study break. He stayed mainly in Italy and Spain. In 1924 Mees was promoted head lecturer of the Rotterdam Academy, where he remained in service until 1943.

paragraph: Subsequently, Mees focussed completely on painting. He became known for his portraits of Utrecht professors and Rotterdam businessmen and harbor barons. He also painted many portraits of children. He was a member of the Pulchri Studio. Mees visited various exhibitions to keep abreast of new developments in art. At the age of 80, he traveled with his wife to Morocco to paint portraits there. Eventually he spent his last years in Zuidlaren. He died there on November 28, 1964.

paragraph: In appreciation for his life's work in 1951 Mees received the first "Penning van de Leuve," which was awarded by the Rotterdam Art Foundation.

description: Dutch painter

wikidata_label: Herman Mees

wikipedia_title: Herman Mees


text:
Finnish
astronomer
Ph.D.
astronomy
comet
38P/Stephan-Oterma
39P/Oterma
139P/Väisälä–Oterma
Minor Planet Center
minor planet
1529 Oterma
Yrjö Väisälä
1504 Lappeenranta
1522 Kokkola
1540 Kevola
1544 Vinterhansenia
1545 Thernöe
1558 Järnefelt
1559 Kustaanheimo
1680 Per Brahe
1695 Walbeck
2064 Thomsen
2159 Kukkamäki

categories: Discoverers of asteroids,1915 births,20th-century women scientists,20th-century astronomers,Discoverers of comets,Discoveries by Liisi Oterma,Finnish astronomers,2001 deaths

paragraph: Liisi Oterma

paragraph: Liisi Oterma () (6 January 1915 – 4 April 2001) was a Finnish astronomer, the first woman to get a Ph.D. degree in astronomy in Finland.

paragraph: She discovered or co-discovered several comets, including periodic comets 38P/Stephan-Oterma, 39P/Oterma and 139P/Väisälä–Oterma. She is also credited by the Minor Planet Center (MPC) with the discovery of 54 minor planets between 1938 and 1953, and ranks 153th on MPC's all-time discovery chart.

paragraph: The Hildian asteroid 1529 Oterma, discovered by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä in 1938, was named in her honour.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1504 Lappeenranta

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1522 Kokkola

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1540 Kevola

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1544 Vinterhansenia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1545 Thernöe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1558 Järnefelt

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1559 Kustaanheimo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1680 Per Brahe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1695 Walbeck

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2064 Thomsen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2159 Kukkamäki

description: Finnish astronomer

wikidata_label: Liisi Oterma

wikipedia_title: Liisi Oterma


text: Vietnam

text: Revival Lê dynasty

text: courtesy name

text: posthumous name

text: Đường Lâm

text: Mông Phụ

text: Cam Giá

text: Phúc Lộc

text: Quốc Oai

text: Sơn Tây

text: Chinese

text: Ming court

text: Lê Thần Tông

text: Parents

text: father

text: Wife

text: Children

text: son

text: daughter

text: Life of Sir Giang Văn Minh

categories: 1573 births,People from Hanoi,1638 deaths

paragraph: Giang Văn Minh

paragraph: Giang Văn Minh (, 1573 - 1638) was a Vietnamese officer of Revival Lê dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Giang Văn Minh has the courtesy name Quốc Hoa (國華), posthumous name Sir Văn Trung (文忠先生). He was born on 6 September 1573 at Đường Lâm village, Mông Phụ commune, Cam Giá canton, Phúc Lộc district, Quốc Oai prefect, Sơn Tây region. In 1637, he was sent as an envoy to the Chinese Ming court by emperor Lê Thần Tông.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parents : Giang Văn Tâm (father)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife : Đỗ Thị

paragraph: BULLET::::- Children : 2 sons (Giang Văn Trạch, Giang Văn Tôn) and 7 daughters

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Life of Sir Giang Văn Minh

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chùa Hoa Nghiêm và bài bi văn của ông Thám hoa Giang Văn Minh

paragraph: BULLET::::- A village whose presence lingers in the heart

wikidata_label: Giang Văn Minh

wikipedia_title: Giang Văn Minh


text:
Second World War
Romanian Air Force
Vienna
Barbu Știrbey
George Valentin Bibescu
Bucharest
Stockholm
Baltic Sea
Budapest
Romanian Red Cross
Mariana Drăgescu
Nadia Russo
Galați region
Lotta Svärd
White Squadron
Baneasa
Curzio Malaparte
Red Cross
Bouloc,

categories: 1912 births,Romanian female aviators,Romanian aviators,People from Vienna,2001 deaths,Romanian World War II pilots

paragraph: Marina Știrbei

paragraph: Marina Știrbei (19 March, 1912 – 15 July, 2001) was a Romanian aviator who gained fame in the Second World War as a founding member of the Romanian Air Force's all-women White Squadron, rescuing the wounded from the front lines. More recently, the Romanian press have called her the "Princess of Romanian aviation".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born on 19 March 1912 in Vienna, Austria, Marina Știrbei was the daughter of Prince George Știrbei, who was Barbu Știrbey's brother, and Elisabeth, niece of the pioneering aviator George Valentin Bibescu. After repeatedly being refused entrance to the Romanian Pilots School on the grounds she was a woman, in 1932 she was finally allowed to train there under Ioana Cantacuzino. She was granted her Grade II pilot's license in 1935. The following year, she won the first pilots contest in Romania.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Știrbei was the first to fly from Bucharest to Stockholm, encountering mist over the Baltic Sea. In June 1937, representing the Romanian Aeroclub, she took part in the first technical assistance conference in Budapest. In 1938, as a member of the Romanian Red Cross, together with other female aviators including Mariana Drăgescu and Nadia Russo, she participated in military exercises in the Galați region.

paragraph: Inspired by the Finnish women's piloting initiative known as Lotta Svärd, she was successful in persuading the aviation ministry to form a women's squadron to help repatriate the wounded from the front lines. Known as the White Squadron, the unit was based at Baneasa. By 1940, the squadron consisted of 10 planes, ferrying doctors and medicines, and bringing back the wounded. The name White Squadron was given by the Italian journalist Curzio Malaparte, inspired by the white planes marked only by the sign of the Red Cross.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1942, Știrbei married Prince Constantin Basarab Brâncoveanu, celebrated with an extravagant aristocratic wedding reception. When the Communists took control in Romania, the prince was arrested and his property was confiscated. Știrbei raised her two children on her own, but in 1964 she managed to leave the country. After settling for a time in England, she moved to France.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Stirbei died in Bouloc, France on 15 July 2001.

description: Romanian aviator

wikidata_label: Marina Știrbei

wikipedia_title: Marina Știrbei


text:
footballer
goalkeeper
Hartlepool United
Norwich City
Lowestoft Town
Grimsby Town
Braintree Town
Hartlepool United

categories: Braintree Town F.C. players,Chelsea F.C. players,Grimsby Town F.C. players,English footballers,King's Lynn Town F.C. players,Norwich City F.C. players,1995 births,Lowestoft Town F.C. players,Hartlepool United F.C. players,English Football League players,Living people,Association football goalkeepers

paragraph: Ben Killip

paragraph: Ben Killip (born 24 November 1995) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Hartlepool United.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Whilst playing for Norwich City, Killip spent two loan spells at Lowestoft Town. He signed for Grimsby Town in July 2017. He was released by Grimsby at the end of the 2017–18 season.

paragraph: Killip signed for Braintree Town on 31 July 2018.

paragraph: In May 2019 he moved to Hartlepool United.

description: association football player

wikidata_label: Ben Killip

wikipedia_title: Ben Killip


text:
footballer
defender
right back
centre back
Birmingham City
EFL Cup
National League North
Alfreton Town
Leicester
Beauchamp College
Oadby
Leicestershire
athletics
Birmingham City's Academy
Aston Villa
Liverpool
FA Youth Cup
Leicester City
Birmingham Senior Cup
Steve Spooner
National League North
Solihull Moors
Josh Dacres-Cogley
Alfreton Town
Gainsborough Trinity
knee meniscus
2017–18 season
squad number
Ipswich Town
Championship
Emilio Nsue
EFL Cup
Crawley Town
League Two
AFC Bournemouth
Harry Redknapp
Garry Monk
Hull City
Harry Wilson
Birmingham Mail
Carl Jenkinson
Marc Roberts
Fulham
Ryan Sessegnon
Championship Player of the Year
Lukas Jutkiewicz
EFL
Birmingham City
2017–18
Profile

categories: Alfreton Town F.C. players,Association football defenders,English footballers,Sportspeople from Leicester,National League (English football) players,1996 births,Birmingham City F.C. players,Aston Villa F.C. players,Living people

paragraph: Wes Harding

paragraph: Wesley Nathan Hylton Harding (born 20 October 1996) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender, either at right back or centre back, for club Birmingham City. He made his senior debut in the EFL Cup in August 2017, having previously played in the National League North for Alfreton Town.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Early life and career.

paragraph: Harding was born in Leicester and attended Beauchamp College, in Oadby, Leicestershire. He represented Leicestershire and Rutland at athletics. He joined Birmingham City's Academy from Aston Villa at the age of 16 and took up a scholarship with the club in July 2013. Interviewed soon afterwards, the player assessed his strengths as speed and heading, and felt he needed to improve his technical ability. He was a member of the Birmingham team that eliminated Liverpool's youngsters from the 2014–15 FA Youth Cup, going on to lose in the quarter-finals to Leicester City's youngsters. He was a regular in the development squad over the season, and scored the opening goal for the team that won the 2015 Birmingham Senior Cup final. Harding signed his first professional contract, of two years, in May 2015. At the time, academy coach Steve Spooner summarised him as "a 24/7 professional footballer ... strong, aggressive, tenacious and much improved with the ball".

paragraph: Harding was included in the first team's pre-season training camp in Spain. During the 2015–16 season, he was used at right back as well as his preferred centre-half position, and he was a member of the Birmingham reserve team that lost the 2016 Birmingham Senior Cup final to National League North champions Solihull Moors. He was one of three youngstersthe others were Dom Bernard and Josh Dacres-Cogleywho began their 2016 pre-season training with the first team. On 9 August, Harding joined National League North club Alfreton Town on a month's youth loan. He went straight into the starting eleven for the following day's match against Gainsborough Trinity; playing at right back, he played 90 minutes and produced what Alfreton's website dubbed a solid performance in a 4–0 win. He kept his place for the next two fixtures, but then suffered a torn knee meniscus. Once he regained fitness, he finished the season with more appearances than any other player for Birmingham's under-23 team, which he often captained.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:First-team football with Birmingham.

paragraph: The club took up the one-year option on Harding's contract for the 2017–18 season, and he was involved in first-team pre-season fixtures. He was given a squad number, and was an unused substitute for the opening match, away to Ipswich Town in the Championship on 5 August 2017. Harding made his senior debut three days later, replacing Emilio Nsue after 58 minutes of the EFL Cup first round match at home to Crawley Town of League Two. The score was 4–0 when he entered the match; it ended 5–1. He also appeared in the next round, replacing the injured Nsue after 23 minutes of the 2–1 defeat to AFC Bournemouth and producing a performance that pleased manager Harry Redknapp. In February 2018, having made no appearances in the matchday squad since August, Harding signed a new contract to run until June 2020.

paragraph: New manager Garry Monk gave Harding his first Football League appearance, a start at right back in Birmingham's 3–0 home victory over Hull City on 17 March 2018 that was their first win in six weeks. He was booked early in the match for a forceful tackle on the highly rated Harry Wilson, then, according to the "Birmingham Mail", "shut him down in the second half and made some excellent defensive contributions to help out team-mates. There were a couple of bright moments going forward too." Monk said he selected Harding ahead of more experienced players such as Carl Jenkinson or Marc Roberts because his pace and tenacity would better counteract the threat from Hull's wingers. He continued in the starting eleven as Birmingham escaped relegation on the final day of the season, with a 3–1 win at home to Fulham. Defensively, he allowed Ryan Sessegnon, the Championship Player of the Year, little scope to influence the game, and he made a run and cross from which Lukas Jutkiewicz scored the opening goal. Harding's performance in that match earned him a place in the EFL Team of the Week, and his overall performance earned him the club's Young Player of the Season award.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Individual

paragraph: BULLET::::- Birmingham City Young Player of the Season: 2017–18

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Birmingham City F.C. website

description: English association football player

wikidata_label: Wes Harding

wikipedia_title: Wes Harding


text:
Daimyō
Hōjō Ujiyasu
Sengoku
Edo period
Imagawa clan
Hōjō Ujiyasu
Imagawa Yoshimoto
Imagawa Ujizane
Imagawa Norimochi
Shinagawa Takahisa

categories: Go-Hōjō_clan,17th-century Japanese people,16th-century Japanese women,Women of medieval Japan,17th-century Japanese women,16th-century Japanese people

paragraph: Lady Hayakawa

paragraph: Lady Hayakawa (早川殿, died April 4, 1613) is a common nickname for one of Daimyō Hōjō Ujiyasu's daughters, who lived in the Sengoku through early Edo period. She is best known for marrying into the Imagawa clan as a condition for The Kōsōsun Triple Alliance.

paragraph: Her current grave stands at Kansen-ji in modern-day Suginami, Tokyo.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Hōjō Ujiyasu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father-in-law: Imagawa Yoshimoto

paragraph: BULLET::::- Husband: Imagawa Ujizane

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imagawa Norimochi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shinagawa Takahisa

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Turnbull, Stephen (2002). "War in Japan: 1467-1615," Oxford: Osprey Publishing.

alias:
Zōshun'in
Zōshun-in
Zoshun-in
Hayakawadono
Hayakawa dono

description: daughter of Japanese daimyo Hōjō Ujiyasu and wife of Imagawa Ujizane

wikidata_label: Hayakawa-dono

wikipedia_title: Lady Hayakawa


text: Lochem

text: Gelderland

text: Dutch

text: sidecarcross

text: World Champion

text: Order of Orange-Nassau

text: Giacomo Agostini

text: Dakar Rally

text: Marcel

text: Baugé

text: France

text: Kristers Serģis

text: Artis Rasmanis

text: Sven Verbrugge

text: Belgium

text: Kaspars Stupelis

text: Latvia

text: Swiss

text: collar bone

text: Joris Hendrickx

text: Kaspars Liepiņš

text: Slagelse

text: Kenny van Gaalen

text: Champions

text: Champions

text: Team Willemsen website

categories: People from Lochem,Dutch sidecarcross riders,Living people,1975 births

paragraph: Daniël Willemsen

paragraph: Daniël Johan Nico Willemsen (born 7 May 1975 in Lochem, Gelderland) is a Dutch sidecarcross rider and ten times World Champion.

paragraph: Willemsen is the most successful rider in sidecarcross history, winning the title ten times, in 1999, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011 and 2012. He has also won the Dutch national sidecarcross championship nine times, winning it last in 2008 and the Belgian championship twice.

paragraph: For his success in motor sport he was made a member of the Order of Orange-Nassau in 2005. His home town Lochem also has named a street after him in 2005. He is the most successful World Championship sidecarcross rider and his ten titles place him seventh, as of 2011, in the all-time FIM World Champions list, with Giacomo Agostini with 15 titles at the top.

paragraph: In 2007, he took part in the Dakar Rally, finishing tenth in the solo motorcycle class. To make up for the canceled Dakar Rally 2008, he took part in the Tuareq Rally in March/April 2008, winning the race.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Willemsen's sidecar experience started in 1981, when he and his brother Marcel, aged six and four, drove in a home-made Hond 50 cc side car, under the guidance of their father Berry, who had also been a sidecar racer. However, it took the brothers another ten years before they were allowed to take part in sidecar races.

paragraph: The two brothers entered the senior Dutch championship in 1994, but were barred from racing together in the World Championship because Marcel was not yet 18 years old and Daniël had to find a different passenger instead. Marcel joined his brother in this competition 1995, when he was finally old enough. Willemsen's first World Championship race was in 1994 at the Dutch Grand Prix. After teaming up with his brother in 1995, who later became a world championship rider in his own right, his track record started to improve. The two brothers won their first race on 12 May 1996 when they won race two in Baugé, France. The Wiilemsens won their first Grand Prix in 1997 in Estonia.

paragraph: After finishing third in 1997, suffering a bad accident at the German GP, and second in 1998, the two won their first world championship in 1999, taking it out by one point and beating the then current champions Kristers Serģis / Artis Rasmanis.

paragraph: In February 2000, the two brothers had a serious accident in a training run in Italy, which saw Marcel temporarily parallised and unable to continue his career. In his stead, for the next two seasons, Sven Verbrugge from Belgium became Daniël's partner and the two finished second in the overall standing in 2000 and 2001. 2002 saw a repeat of this result, now with Alfons Eggers as his passenger. With Kaspars Stupelis from Latvia as his partner, he won the 2003 and 2004 world championship. Sven Verbrugge returned for the 2005 and 2006 season and they took out two more world championships together. In 2007, the Swiss Reto Grütter was Daniël's partner and with him he won his record sixth title. In the 2008 season, Willemsen again raced with Reto Grütter as his partner. An injury prevented Grütter from taking part in the first race of the season and Willemsen replaced him with Bruno Kaelin for the first round. In race fourteen of the season, the team was disqualified after winning the race due to Grütter losing a glove, after a protest by Kristers Serģis. The duo won the 2008 championship convincingly, with a 97 point gap to the second-placed Kristers Serģis.

paragraph: For the 2009 World Championship, Willemsen was teaming up in the first GP with Belgian passenger Dagwin Sabbe, continuing his habit of changing passengers at regular interval. From the second event onwards, he used veteran passenger Sven Verbrugge once more. On 5 July 2009, Willemsen broke his collar bone in a Dutch championship race, ruling him out of racing in a decisive phase of the world championship, just before the end of a summer break in the competition. The duo missed the three following events, thereby losing the leadership in the competition. Upon return, the team could not achieve the same dominance as before Willemsen's injury and finished only fifth in the overall standings, having to let the Belgian-Latvian team of Joris Hendrickx and Kaspars Liepiņš take out the championship. In the last event of the season, Verbrugge broke his thumb and the team was unable to score any points. Daniël Willemsen however declared already before the race that he would try to win title number eight in 2010, which he successfully did.

paragraph: In 2011, Willemsen started once more with 43-year-old Sven Verbrugge as his passenger, after an injury to first-choice passenger Roman Vasyliaka. It is the fifth time that Willemsen and Verbrugge are racing together in the competition. Willemsen temporarily switched to Ondrej Cermak as his passenger for the first of two German GP's because of an injury to Verbrugge. Willemsen and his passenger clinched the World Championship at the second-last race of the season, at Slagelse, Denmark, having a 53 point lead over Latvians Jānis and Lauris Daiders at the time.

paragraph: Willemsen already announced that he would aim for title number ten in 2012. The last race event of the 2011 season saw the World Champions, Willemsen and Verbrugge, failing to score any points. A dispute during qualifying between the two lead to Verbrugge walking out during the first qualifying session. He later returned to take part in the "last chance", where the team qualified for the race after all. Verbrugge however was injured during a fall and had to be taken to hospital where his arm was placed into a plaster, ruling the team out of the race.

paragraph: Willemsen took out his tenth title in 2012 despite having to use three different passengers throughout the season. Haralds Kurpnieks broke his wrist in the first Grand Prix of the season and replacement Kenny van Gaalen suffered a knie injury in the second French Grand Prix, making Lauris Daiders his passenger for the last five GP's.

paragraph: At the opening GP of the 2013 season in Fraunefeld, Switzerland, Willemsen suffered eleven fractures when his sidecar overturned and he had to be removed by paramedics. A broken collarbone and five broken ribs meant he miss a large number of races of the 2013 season and was unable to defend his title.

paragraph: The 2014 season saw a return of Robbie Bax, brother of competitor Etienne Bax, as his passenger despite major disagreements between him and Willemsen. The pair won the opening race of the season but had an accident at the second race at Oss, leaving Willemsen concussed. The team missed the last two grand prix of the season because of injury and finished ninth overall in the World Championship.

paragraph: The 2015 season, with Robbie Bax as his passenger again, saw Willemsen win his first GP since August 2012 when he won the event at Genk, Belgium, on 28 June, and finish the season in fourth place overall. Willemsen, with new passenger Peter Beunk, started the 2016 season well, leading the World Championship after three events, but then suffered multiple fractures in his jaw in the qualifying for the fourth event and was forced to miss Grand Prix because of the injury.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Season by season.

paragraph: In some seasons Daniël Willemsen used multiple passengers throughout the year:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Passengers" in italics.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:World Championship.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Champions: (10) 1999, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Runners-up: (4) 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Netherlands.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Champions: (9) 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Runners-up: (3) 1997, 2005, 2015

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Belgium.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Champions: (2) 2006, 2007

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Team Willemsen website

paragraph: BULLET::::- The World Championship on Sidecarcross.com

description: Dutch sidecarcross rider

wikidata_label: Daniël Willemsen

wikipedia_title: Daniël Willemsen


text: bishop of Vienne

text: Gaul

text: Burgundian

text: Gallo-Roman

text: Avitus

text: Apollinaris of Valence

text: Mamertus

text: Gundobad

text: Lyons

text: Sigismund

text: Pope Hormisdas

text: Gallia Narbonensis

text: Acacius

text: hexameter

text: original sin

text: expulsion from Paradise

text: Deluge

text: Crossing of the Red Sea

text: baptism

text: rhetoric

text: Catholic Encyclopedia

text: Thomas Joseph Shahan

text: Milton

text: Paradise Lost

text: Ennodius of Pavia

text: Apostolic See

text: Christian civilization

text: Merovingian

text: Clovis

text: Arian

text: catechumen

text: homilies

text: Julien Havet

text: Oratorian

text: Jérome Viguier

text: Pope Symmachus

text: Christian Classics Ethereal Library:

categories: 450 births,510s deaths,6th-century Latin writers,6th-century bishops,6th-century Christian saints,Year of birth uncertain,6th-century poets,5th-century Latin writers,Bishops in Gaul,6th-century Gallo-Roman people,Gallo-Roman saints,People from Vienne, Isère,5th-century Gallo-Roman people,5th-century Roman poets,Aviti,Latin letter writers,Latin poetry,Archbishops of Vienne

paragraph: Avitus of Vienne

paragraph: Alcimus Ecdicius Avitus (c. 450 – February 5, 517/518 or 519) was a Latin poet and bishop of Vienne in Gaul. His fame rests in part on his poetry, but also on the role he played as secretary for the Burgundian kings.

paragraph: Avitus was born of a prominent Gallo-Roman senatorial family related to Emperor Avitus.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: His father was Hesychius, bishop of Vienne, where episcopal honors were informally hereditary. His paternal grandfather was a western Roman emperor whose precise identity is not known. Apollinaris of Valence was his younger brother; their sister Fuscina became a nun.

paragraph: Avitus was probably born at Vienne, for he was baptized by bishop Mamertus. About 490 he was ordained bishop of Vienne. In 499 Vienne was captured by Gundobad, king of the Burgundians, who was at war with Clovis, king of the Franks, where he came to the attention of that king. Avitus, as metropolitan of southern and eastern Gaul, took the lead in a conference between the Catholic and Arian bishops held in presence of Gundobad at Sardiniacum near Lyons. He won the confidence of King Gundobad, and converted his son, King Sigismund to Catholicism.

paragraph: A letter of Pope Hormisdas to Avitus records that he was made vicar apostolic in Gaul by that pontiff; and in 517 he presided in this capacity at the Council of Epaon for restoring ecclesiastical discipline in Gallia Narbonensis. Avitus appears also to have exerted himself to terminate the dispute between the churches of Rome and Constantinople which arose out of the excommunication of Acacius; we gather from his later letters that this was accomplished before his death.

paragraph: Upon his death, Avitus was buried in the monastery of St. Peter and St. Paul at Vienne.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: The literary fame of Avitus rests on his many surviving letters (his recent editors make them ninety-six in all) and on a long poem, "Poematum de Mosaicae historiae gestis" (also known as "De spiritualis historiae gestis"), in classical hexameters, in five books, dealing with the Biblical themes of original sin, expulsion from Paradise, the Deluge, and the Crossing of the Red Sea. The first three books offer a certain dramatic unity; in them are told the preliminaries of the great disaster, the catastrophe itself, and the consequences. The fourth and fifth books deal with the Deluge and the Crossing of the Red Sea as symbols of baptism. Avitus deals freely and familiarly with the Scriptural events, and exhibits well their beauty, sequence, and significance. He is one of the last masters of the art of rhetoric as taught in the schools of Gaul in the 4th and 5th centuries. His poetic diction, though abounding in archaisms and rhythmic redundancy, is pure and select, and the laws of metre are well observed. Writing in the "Catholic Encyclopedia", Thomas Joseph Shahan says "that Milton made use of his paraphrase of Scripture in writing "Paradise Lost"." Avitus also wrote a poem for his sister Fuscina, a nun, "De consolatoriâ castitatis laude".

paragraph: The letters of Avitus are of considerable importance for the ecclesiastical and political history of the years between 499 and 518. Like his contemporary, Ennodius of Pavia, he was strenuous in his assertion of the authority of the Apostolic See as the chief bulwark of religious unity and the incipient Christian civilization. "If the pope," he says, "is rejected, it follows that not one bishop, the whole episcopate threatens to fall" (Si papa urbis vocatur in dubium, episcopatus videbitur, non episcopus, vaccilare. — Ep. xxxiv; ed. Peiper). His letters are also among the important primary sources of early Merovingian political, ecclesiastical, and social history. Among them is a famous letter to Clovis on the occasion of his baptism. Avitus addresses Clovis not as if he was a pagan convert, but as if he was a recent Arian sympathiser, possibly even a catechumen. The letters document the close relations between the Catholic Bishop of Vienne and the Arian king of the Burgundians, the great Gundobad, and his son, the Catholic convert Sigismund.

paragraph: There was once extant a collection of his homilies and sermons, but they have all perished except for two, and some fragments and excerpts from others.

paragraph: The so-called "Dialogues with King Gundobad", written to defend the Catholic faith against the Arians and which purports to represent the famous Colloquy of Lyon in 449, was once believed to be his work. Julien Havet demonstrated in 1885, however, that it is a forgery of the Oratorian, Jérome Viguier, who also forged a letter purporting to be from Pope Symmachus to Avitus.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.:Editions.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.:Editions.:Letters.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Avitus of Vienne," Selected Letters and Prose". Tr. by Danuta Shanzer and Ian Wood. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2002, 464 pp. (Translated Texts for Historians).

paragraph: Section::::Writings.:Editions.:Poems.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Avitus, "The Fall of Man: De spiritalis historiae gestis libri I-III, Edited from Laon, Bibliothèque Municipale, Ms. 273". Edited by Daniel J. Nodes. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1985, 72 pp. (Toronto Medieval Latin Texts, 16).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Avit de Vienne, "Histoire spirituelle, Tome II: (Chants IV-V)". Edited by Nicole Hecquet-Noti. Paris: Les Editions du Cerf, 2005, Pp. 254. (Sources Chretiennes, 492).

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. Hoffman. 2005. "Alcimus Ecdicius Avitus. De spiritalis historiae gestis Buch 3" (Munich: K.G. Saur).

paragraph: BULLET::::- George W. Shea (trans.), "The Poems of Alcimus Ecdicius Avitus" (Tempe, Ariz.: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1997).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Avitus, "De mundi initi", ed. by Abraham Schippers (Kampen: Kok, 1945).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christian Classics Ethereal Library: Brief biography of Avitus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes

description: Archbishop of Vienne

wikidata_label: Avitus of Vienne

wikipedia_title: Avitus of Vienne


text:
Constantius Chlorus
Maximian
Otto Seeck
Eutropia
Afranius Hannibalianus
consul
praetorian prefect
Diocletian
Timothy Barnes
Kaisergeschichte
Constantius Chlorus
Helena
Flavius Dalmatius
Julius Constantius
Roman Emperor
Julian
unnamed wife
Constantius II
Anastasia
Bassianus
Flavia Julia Constantia
Roman Emperor
Licinius
Eutropia
Nepotianus

categories: 3rd-century Romans,4th-century Roman women,3rd-century Roman women,Flavii,270s births,Roman empresses,4th-century Romans,4th-century deaths,Constantinian dynasty

paragraph: Flavia Maximiana Theodora

paragraph: Flavia Maximiana Theodora, also known as Theodora, was a Roman Empress, wife of Constantius Chlorus.

paragraph: She is often referred to as a stepdaughter of Emperor Maximian by ancient sources, leading to claims by historians Otto Seeck and Ernest Stein that she was born from an earlier marriage between Eutropia, wife of Maximian, and Afranius Hannibalianus. This man was consul in 292 and praetorian prefect under Diocletian.

paragraph: Timothy Barnes challenges this view stating that all "stepdaughter sources" derive their information from the partially unreliable work "Kaisergeschichte" (written in the 4th century), while more reliable sources refer Theodora as Maximian's natural daughter. He concludes that she was born no later than c. 275 to an unnamed earlier wife of Maximian, possibly one of Hannibalianus' daughters.

paragraph: In 293, Theodora married Flavius Valerius Julius Constantius (later known as Constantius Chlorus), after he had divorced from his first wife, Helena, to strengthen his political position. The couple had six children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flavius Dalmatius;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julius Constantius, father of Roman Emperor Julian and of the unnamed wife of Constantius II;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hannibalianus (must have died before the imperial purges that occurred in 337 because he is not listed among its victims);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anastasia, who was to marry Bassianus;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flavia Julia Constantia, wife of Roman Emperor Licinius;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eutropia, mother of Nepotianus.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barnes, Timothy D.. The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982.

description: Roman empress

wikidata_label: Flavia Maximiana Theodora

wikipedia_title: Flavia Maximiana Theodora


text:
Roman Emperor
Maximianus
Tetrarchy
Constantine I
Minervina
Augusta
Crispus
Ecclesiastical History
damnatio memoriae
Eusebius
Constantine II
Constantius II
Constans
Constantina
Helena
Hannibalianus
Constantius Gallus
Julian
Valentinian I

categories: 3rd-century Romans,4th-century Roman women,4th-century executions,3rd-century Roman women,Deaths from asphyxiation,Murdered Roman empresses,Flavii,Roman empresses,326 deaths,4th-century Romans,Constantine the Great,Executed Roman empresses,289 births,People executed by the Roman Empire,Constantinian dynasty

paragraph: Fausta

paragraph: Flavia Maxima Fausta (289–326) was a Roman Empress, daughter of the Roman Emperor Maximianus. To seal the alliance between them for control of the Tetrarchy, in 307 Maximianus married her to Constantine I, who set aside his wife Minervina in her favour. Constantine and Fausta had been betrothed since 293.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: As the sister of Emperor Maxentius, Fausta had a part in her father's downfall. In 310 Maximian died as a consequence of an assassination plot against Constantine. Maximian decided to involve his daughter Fausta, but she revealed the plot to her husband, and the assassination was disrupted. Maximian died, by suicide or by assassination, in July of that same year.

paragraph: Empress Fausta was held in high esteem by Constantine, and proof of his favour was that in 324 she was proclaimed Augusta; previously she held the title of Nobilissima Femina. However, in 326, Fausta was put to death by Constantine, following the execution of Crispus, his eldest son by Minervina. The two deaths have been linked in various ways; in one, Fausta is set jealously against Crispus, as in the anonymous "Epitome de Caesaribus", or conversely her adultery, perhaps with the stepson who was close to her in age, is suggested. According to the Latin "Epitome de Caesaribus" and the "Ecclesiastical History" of Philostorgius (as epitomized by Photius), Fausta was executed by being cast into boiling water, in connection with the death of Crispus, whose death was reportedly caused by her allegations of sexual impropriety. The mode of assassination not otherwise attested in the Roman world. David Woods offers the connection of overheated bathing with contemporaneous techniques of abortion, a suggestion that implies an unwanted, adulterous pregnancy according to Constantine's biographer Paul Stephenson.

paragraph: The Emperor ordered the damnatio memoriae of his wife with the result that no contemporary source records details of her fate: "Eusebius, ever the sycophant, mentions neither Crispus nor Fausta in his "Life of Constantine", and even wrote Crispus out of the final version of his "Ecclesiastical History" ("HE" X.9.4)", Constantine's biographer Paul Stephenson observes.

paragraph: Significantly, her sons, once in power, never revoked this order.

paragraph: Her sons became Roman Emperors: Constantine II, reigned 337 – 340, Constantius II, reigned 337 – 361, and Constans, reigned 337 – 350. She also bore three daughters Constantina, Helena and Fausta. Of these, Constantina married her cousins, firstly Hannibalianus and secondly Constantius Gallus, and Helena married Emperor Julian. Apparently a genealogical claim that her daughter Fausta became mother of Emperor Valentinian I is without foundation (Valentinian I and the children of Constantine I's second marriage were born in years close to each other, i.e., they were of the same generation).

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gérard Minaud, "Les vies de 12 femmes d’empereur romain - Devoirs, Intrigues & Voluptés ", Paris, L’Harmattan, 2012, ch. 12, " La vie de Fausta, femme de Constantin", p. 285-305.

paragraph: BULLET::::- J.W. Drijvers, 'Flavia Maxima Fausta: Some Remarks', "Historia" 41 (1992) 500- 506.

wikidata_label: Fausta

wikipedia_title: Fausta


text:
New York
Sephardic
Harvard University
film
Cary Grant
David Niven
Loretta Young
Portrait of Jennie
Depression
film
Jennifer Jones
Joseph Cotten
Anna Lee
Maud Nathan
Annie Nathan Meyer
Emma Lazarus
Benjamin Cardozo
Peter Kindred
The Fiddler in Barly
The Woodcutter's House
filmed in 1947
There Is Another Heaven
filmed in 1935
Road of Ages
The Enchanted Voyage
filmed in 1946
Winter in April
Portrait of Jennie
filmed in 1948
They Went On Together
The Sea-Gull Cry
But Gently Day
Mr. Whittle and the Morning Star
Long After Summer
The Alcoa Hour
The River Journey
The Married Look
The Innocent Eve
The Train in the Meadow
Sir Henry
The Rancho of the Little Loves
So Love Returns
The Color of the Evening
The Weans
The Wilderness-Stone
A Star in the Wind
The Devil with Love
The Mallott Diaries
Stonecliff
The Elixir
The Summer Meadows
Heaven and Hell and the Megas Factor
The Barly Fields
The Fiddler in Barly
The Woodcutter's House
There Is Another Heaven
Stephen Vincent Benét
The Bishop's Wife and Two Other Novels
Armed Services Edition
Council on Books in Wartime
Jezebel’s Husband & The Sleeping Beauty
Juliet in Mantua
Journey of Tapiola
Tapiola's Brave Regiment
The Adventures of Tapiola
Journey of Tapiola
Tapiola's Brave Regiment
The Snowflake and the Starfish
The White Cliffs of Dover
The Clock
Pagan Love Song
Journal for Josephine
Youth Grows Old
A Cedar Box
Selected Poems
Dunkirk
Morning in Iowa
The Darkening Meadows
The Married Man
A Pride of Carrots or Venus Well-Served
Two Robert Nathan Pieces
Robert Nathan Library
A Pride of Carrots (Venus Well Served)

categories: Harvard University alumni,American Sephardic Jews,20th-century American poets,Writers from New York City,20th-century American male writers,20th-century American novelists,1985 deaths,Jewish American novelists,American male novelists,American fantasy writers,1894 births,American male poets

paragraph: Robert Nathan

paragraph: Robert Gruntal Nathan (January 2, 1894 – May 25, 1985) was an American novelist and poet.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Nathan was born into a prominent New York Sephardic family. He was educated in the United States and Switzerland and attended Harvard University for several years beginning in 1912. It was there that he began writing short fiction and poetry. However, he never graduated, choosing instead to drop out and take a job at an advertising firm to support his family (he married while a junior at Harvard). It was while working in 1919 that he wrote his first novel—the semi-autobiographical work "Peter Kindred"—which was a critical failure. But his luck soon changed during the 1920s, when he wrote seven more novels, including "The Bishop's Wife", which was later made into a successful film starring Cary Grant, David Niven, and Loretta Young.

paragraph: During the 1930s, his success continued with more works, including fictional pieces and poetry. In 1940, he wrote his most successful book, "Portrait of Jennie", about a Depression-era artist and the woman he is painting, who is slipping through time. "Portrait of Jennie" is considered a modern masterpiece of fantasy fiction and was made into a film, starring Jennifer Jones and Joseph Cotten.

paragraph: In January 1956 the author wrote, as well as narrated, an episode of the "CBS Radio Workshop", called "A Pride of Carrots, or Venus Well-Served".

paragraph: Nathan's seventh wife was the British actress Anna Lee, to whom he was married from 1970 until his death. He came from a talented family—the activist Maud Nathan and author Annie Nathan Meyer were his aunts, and the poet Emma Lazarus and Supreme Court Justice Benjamin Cardozo his cousins.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Novels.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peter Kindred", 1919

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Autumn", 1921

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Puppet Master", 1923

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jonah", 1925

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fiddler in Barly", 1926

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Woodcutter's House", 1927

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bishop's Wife", 1928 (filmed in 1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "There Is Another Heaven", 1929

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Orchid", 1931

paragraph: BULLET::::- "One More Spring", 1933 (filmed in 1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Road of Ages", 1935

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Enchanted Voyage", 1936 (filmed in 1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Winter in April", 1938

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Portrait of Jennie", 1940 (filmed in 1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "They Went On Together", 1941

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sea-Gull Cry", 1942

paragraph: BULLET::::- "But Gently Day", 1943

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mr. Whittle and the Morning Star", 1947

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Long After Summer", 1948 (televised on "The Alcoa Hour" in 1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The River Journey", 1949

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Married Look", 1950

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Innocent Eve", 1951

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Train in the Meadow", 1953

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sir Henry", 1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rancho of the Little Loves", 1956

paragraph: BULLET::::- "So Love Returns", 1958

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Color of the Evening", 1960

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Weans", 1960,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Wilderness-Stone", 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Star in the Wind", 1962

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Devil with Love", 1963

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fair", 1964

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mallott Diaries", 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stonecliff", 1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mia", 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Elixir", 1971

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Summer Meadows", 1973

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heaven and Hell and the Megas Factor", 1975

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Novel collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Barly Fields", 1938 (collection containing "The Fiddler in Barly", "The Woodcutter's House", "The Bishop's Wife", "The Orchid", and "There Is Another Heaven"). Introduction by Stephen Vincent Benét.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bishop's Wife and Two Other Novels", 1946 Armed Services Edition, published by the Council on Books in Wartime (shortened version of "The Barly Fields", containing "The Bishop's Wife", "The Orchid", "There Is Another Heaven", and Benét's introduction)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Plays.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jezebel’s Husband & The Sleeping Beauty", 1953 (collection of two plays)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Juliet in Mantua", 1966

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Children's books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Journey of Tapiola", 1938

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tapiola's Brave Regiment", 1941

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Adventures of Tapiola", 1950 (collection containing "Journey of Tapiola" and "Tapiola's Brave Regiment")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Snowflake and the Starfish", 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tappy", 1968

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Screenplays.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The White Cliffs of Dover", 1944 (additional poetry)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Clock", 1945

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pagan Love Song", 1950

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Nonfiction.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Concert", 1940

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Journal for Josephine", 1943

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Poetry.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Youth Grows Old", 1922

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Cedar Box", 1929

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Selected Poems", 1935

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", 1940

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dunkirk: A Ballad", 1942

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Morning in Iowa", 1944

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Darkening Meadows", 1945

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Green Leaf", 1950

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Married Man", 1962

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", 1973

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Radio programs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Pride of Carrots or Venus Well-Served", 1956

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Report on the We'Uns," 1956

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Television programs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mark Twain Television Theatre", 1953.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Miscellaneous.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two Robert Nathan Pieces", 1950 (book containing an interview with Mr. Nathan by Harvey Breit and the poem: Advice To My Son)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Robert Nathan Reading His Poems with Comment at His Home in Los Angeles, Calif., in April 1962", 1962 (tape reel sound recording)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Married Look", Robert Nathan. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1950 (author bibliography)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Nathan Library – "the official library"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Pride of Carrots (Venus Well Served)", MP3 file at the "CBS Radio Workshop" section of Internet Archive

description: American novelist and poet

wikidata_label: Robert Nathan

wikipedia_title: Robert Nathan