text:
boxer
World Bantamweight Championship
"Panama" Al Brown
Tony Marino
Eugène Huat
Valencia
Spain
World Bantamweight champion
Panama Al Brown
Newcastle
Liverpool
United States
New York City
Madison Square Garden
Tony Marino
Mexico
Panama Al Brown
Paris
List of lineal boxing world champions
List of Bantamweight boxing champions
Baltasar Sangchili Profile
Baltasar Sangchili - CBZ Profile

categories: 1992 deaths,1911 births,Bantamweight boxers

paragraph: Baltasar Sangchili

paragraph: Baltasar Berenguer Hervas (October 15, 1911 – September 2, 1992), popularly known in his time as Baltasar Sangchili, was a Spanish boxer who claimed the World Bantamweight Championship. He was the first Spanish fighter in history to win a world championship in boxing. During his illustrious career, he defeated many great fighters including "Panama" Al Brown, Tony Marino, Victor "Young" Perez, Maurice Dubois, Ronnie James, Nicolas Petit-Biquet, Maurice Dubois, Eugène Huat, Carlos Flix and Joseph David.

paragraph: Section::::Boxing career.

paragraph: Sangchili was born in Valencia, Spain on October 15, 1911. When he started his boxing career, to prevent his father from learning of his travels, Baltasar Belenguer took the name of his Chinese partner and friend Chang-Chi-Li (Shang-Chi-Li). Sangchili later told his team: "From now on I want to announce myself as Sangchili Baltasar..."

paragraph: Before winning the World title, he engaged in 60 fights, and emerged victorious in 50 of them with five defeats. He defeated Carlos Flix to claim the Bantamweight Championship of Spain. He made two attempts to conquer the Bantamweight Championship of Europe against Nicolas Petit-Biquet which ended in draws. In his second attempt, he was defeated in their rematch by a 15-round decision.

paragraph: He defeated former IBU and NBA Flyweight champion, Victor "Young" Perez on points in 10 rounds in Madrid.

paragraph: Section::::World Bantamweight Championship.

paragraph: On March 18, 1935, Sangchili got his chance to fight reigning World Bantamweight champion Panama Al Brown which ended in a draw but Sangchili won their rematch in a points decision. Once he gained the title, he made successful tours garnering many victories both in Spain and abroad, without putting his title on the line until the veteran Benny Sharkey with over one hundred victories defeated him in Newcastle, England. One month later, he recovered from his defeat against Sharkey by defeating another great opponent, Ronnie James in Liverpool. James had won over fifty fights with only one defeat. On February 10, 1936, he made his debut in the United States, defeating Jimmy Martin and Lew Farber in New York City.

paragraph: On June 29, 1936 in a bout at New York's Madison Square Garden, against Tony Marino, Sangchili put his title at stake and was knocked out in 14th round, though Sangchili held a points advantage through much of the bout. In October of the same year, Sangchili got his revenge on Marino, defeating him by points in 10 rounds, though the bout was not for the title.

paragraph: Sangchili ended his North American tour with a defeat in Mexico against local boxer Juan Zurita and returned to Europe where he made several battles in France in the next two years. He fought former champion Panama Al Brown for the third time for the vacant IBU Bantamweight Championship of the World. The fight was held in Paris and this time Brown won in a fifteen-round points decision.

paragraph: He ended his career in 1940 by taking the national Bantamweight Championship of Spain against Miguel Safont in a twelve-round points decision. He ended his career with a record of 77 wins with 37 knockouts, 20 losses and 12 draws. He died in September 1992.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of lineal boxing world champions

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Bantamweight boxing champions

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baltasar Sangchili Profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baltasar Sangchili - CBZ Profile

description: Spanish boxer (1911-1992)

wikidata_label: Baltasar Sangchili

wikipedia_title: Baltasar Sangchili


text: Belarus

text: 4 × 400 m relay

text: decathlon

text: Armavir

text: Krasnodar Krai

text: Russian SFSR

text: Soviet Union

text: sports school

text: 110 metres hurdles

text: Minsk

text: Byelorussian SSR

text: doping scandal

text: Belarus

text: Russian flag

text: neighbour

text: Alexander Lukashenko

text: Maria Zakharova

text: Russia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs

categories: People from Armavir, Russia,1963 births,Living people,Belarusian decathletes

paragraph: Andrey Vasilyevich Fomochkin

paragraph: Andrey Vasilyevich Fomochkin (, ; born May 24, 1963) is a Belarusian retired athlete and sports official. He participated in the 1986 Soviet Spartakiad, winning a gold medal in the 4 × 400 m relay and a silver in the decathlon competitions.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Andrey Fomochkin was born on May 24, 1963 in Armavir, Krasnodar Krai, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. At a local sports school, Fomochkin, aged 16, came to prominence when he beat a 24-year-old ""Master of Sport of the USSR" title holder in 110 metres hurdles. As of September 2016, Fomockin remains the event's record holder for the city at 14.4 seconds. Fomochkin's coach, Anatoliy Lobanov, was transferred to Minsk, the capital of the Byelorussian SSR in 1979; Andrey followed him in 1981.

paragraph: Section::::Sports career.

paragraph: Fomochkin is a graduate of Belarusian Institute for National Economy and Belarusian State University of Physical Training.

paragraph: Section::::Controversy.

paragraph: On 7 September 2016, as a member of the country's Ministry of Sport, he protested the ban of the Russian team from the Paralympic Games over the doping scandal during the entry of Belarus at the 2016 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony's parade of nations by holding a Russian flag as a display of solidarity to its neighbour. The Russian flag was quickly confiscated by officials and security, and after he was identified, Fomochkin's accreditation was cancelled by the IPC for violating policies which forbid political protests and gestures.

paragraph: The IPC also warned that it would closely monitor medal presentations involving Belarusian athletes to ensure they do not display political gestures.

paragraph: Fomochkin's actions were praised by Belarusians (including President Alexander Lukashenko), as well as Maria Zakharova, a member of Russia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs; she stated to a news agency that Fomochkin had "[shown] solidarity with people who were disgracefully treated in an inhumane way in not being allowed to compete at the Paralympics".

wikidata_label: Andrey Vasilyevich Fomochkin

wikipedia_title: Andrey Vasilyevich Fomochkin


text:
track cyclist
2016 UEC European Track Championships

categories: French male cyclists,1997 births,French track cyclists,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people

paragraph: Thomas Denis

paragraph: Thomas Denis (born ) is a French male track cyclist, representing France at international competitions. He won the gold medal at the 2016 UEC European Track Championships in the team pursuit.

description: French racing cyclist

wikidata_label: Thomas Denis

wikipedia_title: Thomas Denis


text: sevdalinka

text: Sarajevo Disk

text: former Yugoslavia

text: Čajniče

text: Muslim

text: Bosniak

text: logger

text: Vratnik

text: Stari Grad

text: Rudo

text: Radio Sarajevo

text: sevdalinka

text: extended play

text: I Loved Unfaithful Eyes

text: folk

text: signature song

text: former Yugoslavia

text: Slovenian

text: Ilidža

text: University of Sarajevo

text: Yugoslav People's Army

text: Meho Puzić

text: Sarajevo

text: accordion

text: Sarajevo Disk

text: rock

text: Vatreni Poljubac

text: Milić Vukašinović

text: Yugoslavia

text: studio album

text: folk

text: pop

text: rock

text: Goran Bregović

text: Čežnja

text: Opatija

text: Belgrade

text: Dom Sindikata

text: Sanjam

text: Zagreb

text: Belgrade

text: Sarajevo

text: Bosnia and Herzegovina

text: Berlin

text: Jugodisk

text: Dobro došli prijatelji

text: Tebi ljubavi

text: Južni Vetar

text: Nema kajanja

text: Benjamin Filipović

text: Emir Hadžihafizbegović

text: Yugoslavia broke up

text: went into war

text: war in Bosnia and Herzegovina

text: Hari Varešanović

text: Hari Mata Hari

text: Nek' je od srca

text: Halid Bešlić

text: Alka Vuica

text: Josipa Lisac

text: Esma Redžepova

text: Saša Matić

text: Milić Vukašinović

text: Zenica

text: Dragana Mirković

text: Stari Most

text: Mostar

text: Sarajevo Disk

text: Duvno

text: amphetamine

text: drug rehabilitation

text: Serb

text: Silos

text: concentration camp

text: Bosnian War

text: Dino Merlin

text: Igman

text: fuck

text: Sarajevo

text: the siege

text: Sarajevo Tunnel

text: Igman

text: former Yugoslav countries

text: Jelena Karleuša

text: Pink BH

text: Voljela sam oči nevjerne

text: Čežnja

text: Sanjam

text: Dobro došli prijatelji

text: Tebi ljubavi

text: Nema kajanja

text: Što svaka žena sanja

text: Nad lipom 35

text: Linden

text: Lud, zbunjen, normalan

wikipedia_title: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

wikipedia_title: List of concentration and internment camps

categories: Bosniaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina,1956 births,Bosnia and Herzegovina musicians,Bosnia and Herzegovina female singers,Yugoslav female singers,People from Čajniče,Sevdalinka,Living people

paragraph: Hanka Paldum

paragraph: Hanka Paldum (born 28 April 1956) is a Bosnian sevdalinka vocalist and founder of the record label Sarajevo Disk. She is regarded as one of the best female sevdah performers of the 20th century and is popular in her home country of Bosnia as well as in the rest of the former Yugoslavia.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1956–71: Early life and family.

paragraph: Hanka Paldum was born in the eastern Bosnian town of Čajniče to Muslim Bosniak parents Mujo and Pemba. Paldum has an older brother Mustafa and two sisters, Raza and Rasema. Her father was a logger and her mother wove carpets to provide additional financial assistance for the family, as her fathers salary was not enough to carry a family of seven. Hanka, the oldest female child, began helping her mother with housework at the age of five. When Paldum was seven years of age, her parents moved the family from Čajniče to the Vratnik neighbourhood within the Sarajevo municipality of Stari Grad.

paragraph: Paldum started singing in the first grade, as part of the choir in her primary school. She would continue singing throughout her childhood and recalled in an interview: ""We went by train to my aunt's home, my mother's sister in Rudo. There were a lot of tunnels and when the train entered a tunnel, I would sing, and when it come out of the tunnel I stopped, because I was shy. The other passengers would ask who was singing that beautifully, and I just looked out the window as if it did not apply to me. But inside, my heart was leaping with joy.""

paragraph: At the age of twelve, Hanka's brother Smail, a member of the Bratstvo ("Brotherhood") cultural association, encouraged her to sneak out through her bedroom window and sing at the association events, promising to "cover" for her. She would sing for 15 to 20 minutes and run back home. The director of the House of Culture named Marijan Ravlić, asked her parents to allow her to sing at some local events. Her father allowed it, but with only with the presence of her older brother, Mustafa, who was no less strict than their father. Then Hanka began to sing in amateur contests, which she often won, with the award being chocolate with rice or ten tickets for the cinema. She shared the chocolates, while tickets for the theater remained unused because of her father's strictness.

paragraph: After three years of struggle, Hanka proved to her parents her passion for music and said she wanted to enroll in a music school. Her father told her she must enroll in a school that would lead to a secure career with which she could find a job that would earn her money. Around that time, Hanka's father, Mujo became gravely ill and soon died of his illness. Her younger brother Smail died in 2007 of lung cancer, aged 49.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1972–78: Radio Sarajevo, first recordings, and marriage.

paragraph: Paldum passed an audition at Radio Sarajevo and began voice lessons. After two years of hard work, she made her first archival recordings for Radio Sarajevo. They were sevdalinka songs, a traditional Bosniak genre of folk music. Her first recording was her version of an old sevdalinka song called "Moj behare" ("My Blossom"). She continued recording and recorded over a hundred sevdalinkas for radio archives.

paragraph: Paldum recorded and released her first extended play (EP) in 1973, at the age of seventeen, when producer and composer Mijat Božović offered her his partnership in recording two singles "Ljubav žene" ("The Love of a Woman") and "Burmu ću tvoju nositi" ("I Will Wear Your Wedding Ring") alongside the big folk orchestra Radio-TV Sarajevo. She recorded five more EP's in two years before releasing her debut studio album, "I Loved Unfaithful Eyes" on 13 February 1974

paragraph: Also in 1975, Hanka won top prize at the festival of amateur singers called "Pjevamo danu mladosti" ("Sing for the Youth Day"), with the song "Pokraj puta rodila jabuka" ("On the Roadside, a Tree Bore an Apple"), written by Mijat Božović. Her prize was a chance to produce a single for the record label Sarajevo Diskoton. This song was not a big hit at the time, but with time it gained moderate success.

paragraph: She continued her partnership with Mijat Božović, who believed in her talent and that she would become a big folk star. He wrote a song for her called "Voljela sam oči zelene" ("I Loved Green Eyes") which in a few months became a big hit; for a long time the song was Hanka's signature song, and is still a hit among people of the former Yugoslavia. There is also a version in Slovenian.

paragraph: After success with "Voljela sam oči zelene" she performed as a debutante at the Ilidža Festival with the song "Ja te pjesmom zovem" ("I Call You with My Song"). The song was disqualified because one of the judges at the time, Milan Radić, who was a reporter, thought that the song was not worthy enough to enter the competitive part of the program. However, after the songwriter Julio Marić insisted the song be placed in the competition, Hanka indeed went on to compete. This song became a big hit and it still played and has been covered my multiple other artists.

paragraph: Hanka met her first husband Muradif Brkić, a student of literature at the University of Sarajevo, while she was in high school. After three or four months of friendship, they began dating. They married soon after he graduated from the university in the late 1970s. Shortly thereafter, he went to the mandatory service in the Yugoslav People's Army, and Hanka started her first big Yugoslavian tour with Meho Puzić.

paragraph: She and her first husband had two children: a daughter Minela and a son named Mirzad. She was pronounced clinically dead when giving birth to their son, but survived.

paragraph: Hanka started singing at all of the elite places in Sarajevo alongside Omer Pobrić, a gifted and popular accordion player, and by doing so gained vocal and performing experience.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1979–82: "Voljela sam, voljela", "Čežnja", and "Sanjam".

paragraph: In 1979, her husband finished his service with the army. Then, with Hanka and Braco Đirlo, founded a record company called "Sarajevo Disk". They signed a rock band called "Vatreni Poljubac" ("Burning Kiss") with Milić Vukašinović in the forefront of the band. After hearing Milić's song "Volio sam volio" ("I Loved, I Loved"), Muradif recommended that Hanka record that song. At first Hanka was hesitant and even Milić wasn't too thrilled about the idea: ""I was a bit skeptical at first, but when I heard how Hanka sang that song; when I felt the power and temperament of her voice, I knew we were going to take over Yugoslavia"", Milić said. She recorded her version in a 'home studio' owned by innovative producer and ethno-pop composer Nikola Borota - Radovan. Their meeting was instrumental to her career and climb to the stardom. Hanka's interpretation of the song, "Voljela sam, voljela" ("I Loved, I Loved"), in 1978, won the public over and resulted in sales of over a million copies; the public loved her and music critics praised her. Hanka became recognized across the country of Yugoslavia and was offered to sing in guest spots and hold her own concerts. She also won many awards and much recognition, including the "Oscar of Popularity", three "Golden Stars", as well as being named the female artist of the year.

paragraph: The following year, in 1979, after significant success with that single, she recorded another single "Odreću se I srebra I zlata" ("I Will Give Up Silver and Gold"). At the same time she was preparing a full length studio album, called "Srebro i zlato" ("Silver and Gold"), named after the song.

paragraph: Along with Milić Vukašinović as the main songwriter, other recognized names from the world of Yugoslav folk, pop and rock music were present: Goran Bregović, Nikola Borota - Radovan, Bodo Kovačević, Mijat Božović, Blagoje Kosanin. Under Nikola Borota's direction, for the first time in Yugoslavian folk music history, electronic music instruments and pop music arrangements were used, songs had different rhythm section treatment than ever before and as a result Hanka's interpretations were different and original.

paragraph: With the song "Voljela sam, voljela" and the album "Čežnja" (1980), she merged folk and rock music. Her work was not received well by music critics, composers and colleagues. They said her music undermined traditional folk music. However, Hanka, along with her team, believed in herself and her success and was certain that the material, even if unusual and nontraditional, was something new and was of good quality.

paragraph: That was confirmed later because "Čežnja" was overwhelmingly accepted by the public, broke many industry records, and sold over a million copies, and the songs in new folk-rock manner attracted listeners who had never before listened to her or folk music.

paragraph: With non-traditional business approach Hanka started attracting the media as well as the public: as the singer promoted the album "Čežnja" on Opatija festival of music, she also promoted it in Belgrade and had her first solo concert in Dom Sindikata, again musically produced by Nikola Borota - Radovan. Lazar Ristovski was on synthesizers, Džemo Novaković on lead guitar, Sanin Karić was playing bass, two double drum kits were deployed while Ljubiša Pavković and Mico Radovanović were only two traditional instrumentalists present on stage, sharing the lead accordion roles. A tour of Yugoslavia followed, and almost every song from the album became a hit, in particular the songs "Crne kose" ("Black Hair"), "Zbog tebe" ("Because of You"), "Čežnja" ("Yearning") and "Zbogom" ("Farewell").

paragraph: In 1982, she released the album "Sanjam" ("I’m Dreaming") with Milić Vukašinović as the main songwriter. With this album Milić created his life's work, while Hanka went from a popular singer to a big Yugoslav star. Taking into consideration that her own label "Sarajevo Disk" did not have its own record plant, the album, because of overwhelming demand, was manufactured and distributed by four different companies. Hanka's success was unheard of for Yugoslav music scene, she became the favorite in the eyes of the public and respected by the music critics.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1983–91: Južni Vetar, touring, and acting.

paragraph: Hanka started her tour, and for the first time in folk music, held concerts in big sporting arenas across Yugoslavia. In Belgrade's "Dom sindikata" where, in seven days, she held a record breaking 14 sold-out solo concerts. Similar to her previous studio album, almost every song on the album became a hit, especially the title song "Sanjam" and an absolute mega hit "Ja te volim" ("It's You I Love"). Likewise "Ljubav je radost i bol" ("Love is Joy and Pain") and "Voljeni moj" ("My Beloved"). She received a Yugoslavian star award, four Oscars for popularity in a row, a few female artist of the year awards, a gold plaque for humanist award, and won the following festivals: "Ilidža," "Vogošća," "MESAM," and "Poselu" from 202 Radio Belgrade program.

paragraph: Hanka is one of rare singers who held solo concerts in very beautiful arenas "Lisinski," in Zagreb, Croatia, "Sava Center," in Belgrade, Serbia, and "Zetra," in Sarajevo, the capital of her home country Bosnia and Herzegovina. She held many humanitarian concerts. She represented Yugoslavia in International Festival in Berlin.

paragraph: At this time production companies were competing for the rights for Hanka's new material. Hanka with help from her husband Muradif decided to go with Belgrade's "Jugodisk." It was said that the bonus she received from Jugodisk is the highest in history of Yugoslavia. In 1983, she released the album "Dobro došli prijatelji" ("Welcome Friends") again teaming up with songwriter Milić Vukašinović.

paragraph: The next album, "Tebi ljubavi" ("For You, My Love") was released in 1984, which was a tremendous success. The songs were written by Mišo Marković. The biggest hit off the album was the ballad "Ali pamtim još" ("But I Still Remember").

paragraph: In 1985, with composer Miodrag Ilić and ensemble Južni Vetar ("Southern Wind") she recorded the album "Nema kajanja" ("No Regrets"). With this album she dominated the popular oriental folk genre, and made it one of the most successful albums of the year.

paragraph: Once again, she went back to the studio with Milić Vukašinović in 1986 and recorded the album "Bolno srce" ("Aching Heart"), which brought many hits including a win at the festival of folk music "Vogošća" with the title song "Bolno srce." On this album she also recorded a sevdalinka called "Sjećaš li se djevo bajna" ("Do You Remember the Stellar Maiden") with accordion player, Milorad Todorović.

paragraph: She had a cameo in the Benjamin Filipović film "Praznik u Sarajevu" ("Holiday in Sarajevo", 1991) in a scene with Emir Hadžihafizbegović.

paragraph: Paldum married for second time to a man named Fuad Hamzić. It also ended in divorce. She later called the marriage a "mistake".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1992–95: Break up of Yugoslavia.

paragraph: When Yugoslavia broke up and went into war, Paldum spent the entirety of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo between 1992 and 1995.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1996–2008: "Nek' je od srca" and "Žena kao žena".

paragraph: Paldum collaborated with Hari Varešanović, lead singer of the band Hari Mata Hari, on her 1999 album "Nek' je od srca" ("Let It Be From the Heart".) They recorded the hit song "Crni snijeg" ("Black Snow") together. The ballad "Svaka rijeka moru stići će" ("Every River Will Reach the Sea") was called the 'best song of the year' by radio stations.

paragraph: In November 2004, she held a major concert in the Zetra Arena, marking three decades of her career. Guests included Halid Bešlić, Alka Vuica, Josipa Lisac, Esma Redžepova, Saša Matić and Milić Vukašinović.

paragraph: She had hit songs later in career too, such as "Žena kao žena" ("A Woman Like a Woman"), "Što da ne" ("Why Not"), "Sarajevo" and "Dođi" ("Come Here") in 2006, released on the studio album "Žena kao žena" under the label Hayat Production. The ballad "Mojoj majci" ("To My Mother") was the biggest hit off the album.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:2008–14: "Sevdah je ljubav" and "Što svaka žena sanja".

paragraph: On 7 November 2012, during a humanitarian concert in Zenica, Paldum and Serbian singer Dragana Mirković first publicly sang their duet "Kad nas vide zagrljene" ("When They See Us Embrace".) The song officially premiered one year later on 26 November 2013, when the music video was released. The video shows Paldum in Sarajevo singing about Bosnia and Mirković in Belgrade singing about Serbia. Near the end of the video they meet on Stari Most in Mostar, embrace, and dance. Their video was featured prominently in Bosnian and Serbian media.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Marriages and children.

paragraph: Paldum first marriage was to Muradif Brkić, director of the record label Sarajevo Disk. Their 1976 wedding took place in his hometown Duvno. Paldum had two children with Brkić: daughter Minela (born 1981) and son Mirzad (born 1985). She was pronounced clinically dead while giving birth to Mirza, but survived.

paragraph: Paldum's son Mirza has had several brushes with the law. In 2006 he ran into a pedestrian while on his motorcycle, on 26 February 2011 he was injured during a shooting in Sarajevo and on 14 January 2014 three women were heavily injured when he ran them over while under the influence of amphetamines. Paldum sent him to a drug rehabilitation center in Germany. In November 2014 he was arrested after police found a pistol and heroin in his possession. Paldum kicked him out of her house after this incident saying that her "soul hurt" but she had no other options.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Torture allegations.

paragraph: In January 2013, Goran Golub, a Serb former captive in the Silos concentration camp accused Paldum of torturing him on 10 February 1993 during the Bosnian War. Golub said that while he was a prisoner in the camp, Paldum and fellow Bosnian singer Dino Merlin were to perform for the soldiers of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on Igman mountain, where Silos was located. On that day, Golub alleges to have seen Paldum walking around the camp wearing an army outfit, when she saw him looking at her, he claims she approached him and yelled "What are you looking at?" When he didn't reply, he then claims Paldum asked him, "Do you wanna fuck me? Is that it?" When he didn't reply again, he alleges that Paldum ordered him to sit down and spread his legs, then he claims that she stepped on his genitals with all her strength. Golub further claims that that sexual torture is why he never married and that he thinks of the torture every time he urinates. Paldum denied the allegations and further stated that she had never even been in Silos during the war. She did state that the first time she left the city of Sarajevo during the siege and war was on 6 September 1993, not long after the Sarajevo Tunnel opened. She went to the Igman mountain with several singers, one of which was Dino Merlin, to perform for the Bosnian soldiers. When asked if she had seen or had any contact with Serb prisoners during the war, she said "No! Never, never!" After the concert, she and the other singers were brought back to the city of Sarajevo with a helicopter.

paragraph: The allegations created a whirlwind of media attention in the former Yugoslav countries. Serbian singer Jelena Karleuša offered her support to Paldum during a television appearance on Pink BH.

paragraph: Paldum filed a lawsuit against Golub's lawyer Duško Tomić in March 2013 for false accusations of war crimes and torture. That same month she was quoted as saying: ""As for me, I cannot wait for an investigation to be launched into the allegations that the media highlighted and I wish to clear this stain off my name and prove that I am innocent. I cannot wait for all this to be over.""

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Voljela sam oči nevjerne" (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Srebro i zlato" (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sjajna zvijezdo" (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Čežnja" (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sanjam" (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dobro došli prijatelji" (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tebi ljubavi" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nema kajanja" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bolno srce" (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gdje si dušo" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kani suzo izdajice / Tako me uzbuđuješ" (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vjetrovi tuge" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nek' je od srca" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Džanum" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "S' kim si - takav si" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Žena kao žena" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Što svaka žena sanja" (2013)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Film.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Praznik u Sarajevu" ("Holiday in Sarajevo", 1991)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Television.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Në orët e vona" ("At Late Hours", 1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nad lipom 35" ("Under the Linden", 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lud, zbunjen, normalan" ("Crazy, Confused, Normal", 2009–12); 2 episodes

description: Bosnia and Herzegovina singer

wikidata_label: Hanka Paldum

wikipedia_title: Hanka Paldum


text:
NFL
running back
Washington State
Pac-10
1990 NFL Draft
Atlanta Falcons
Atlanta
Cincinnati
Seattle Seahawks
Chino, CA
Diamond Ranch High School
Portland State
Big Sky Conference
Bill Doba
Johnathan Franklin
2013 NFL Draft
Myles Jack
June Jones

categories: Atlanta Falcons players,Portland State Vikings football coaches,Seattle Seahawks players,1967 births,American football return specialists,Sportspeople from Los Angeles,Washington State Cougars football players,Cincinnati Bengals players,Washington State Cougars football coaches,American football running backs,Living people

paragraph: Steve Broussard

paragraph: Steve Nelson Broussard (born February 22, 1967) is a former NFL player, having played running back for Atlanta, Cincinnati, and Seattle. He has also served as a former assistant coach for several college football teams.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Broussard starred at Washington State from 1985 to 1989. He led the Pac-10 in receiving as a sophomore and rushing as a junior, senior year led [Pac-10] in All-Purpose yards and MVP Offensive . He ranked #9 in the nation in rushing yards per game that year. He completed his college career ranked third on WSU's all-time rushing list, fifth on the career receiving list, and owned two of the top three single-season rushing marks. He was named to the 2015 Cougar

paragraph: Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Broussard was the 20th overall pick in the first round of the 1990 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons. He played for Atlanta from 1990 to 1993, played one season in Cincinnati, then four more for the Seattle Seahawks before retiring after the 1998 season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Statistics.

paragraph: "Note: G = Games played; Att = Rushing attempts; Yds = Rushing yards; Avg = Average yards per carry; Long = Longest rush; Rush TD = Rushing touchdowns; Rec = Receptions; Yds = Receiving yards; Avg = Average yards per reception; Long = Longest reception; Rec TD = Receiving touchdowns"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stats that are highlighted show career high

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: After his nine-year NFL career, Broussard spent a total of four years coaching high school football. He was the offensive coordinator at Don Lugo High School in Chino, CA before going to Diamond Ranch High School as offensive coordinator in 2001. He became head coach at Diamond Ranch in 2002 and coached until 2003. His first season as head coach resulted in success with the Diamond Ranch Panthers taking the Mt. Baldy League Title. For the 2003 season, the Diamond Ranch Panthers were the heavy favorites (ranked #1 in preseason Mt. Baldy League) to take the league title once again with several returning seniors on offense & defense, and a talented junior class that featured three division I prospects. The Panthers finished 1-4 in Mt. Baldy League play for the 2003 season.

paragraph: Prior to the 2004 season, Portland State head coach Tim Walsh hired Broussard as a running backs coach. During the 2004 season, Broussard coached a first team All-Big Sky fullback in Allen Kennett, while running backs Joe Rubin and Ryan Fuqua combined to lead the Vikings to a Big Sky Conference best rushing average of 204.4 yards per game. Broussard coached the receivers his last 2 years at PSU until he was hired by Washington State prior to the 2007 season.

paragraph: On February 8, 2007, Washington State head coach Bill Doba announced that Broussard would be returning to WSU to serve as the Cougars' running backs coach and special teams coordinator.

paragraph: In 2011, Broussard moved to Arizona State University to coach receivers. ASU ranked 10th in the nation in passing offense (316.7 yds/g) and receiver Gerell Robinson ranked ninth in the nation with 107. 5 receiving yards per game. During the 2010 season, Broussard's receiving corps ranked 15th in the nation (286.4) and totaled 279 receptions for 3,437 yards and 23 touchdowns.

paragraph: In his first season with the UCLA Bruins, Broussard directed a running back group headed by senior Johnathan Franklin, who set new school season (1,734 yards) and career (4,403) rushing marks on his way to earning All-America honors. Franklin, a finalist for the Doak Walker Award, also set a school record with nine 100-yard rushing games in 2012 and established new marks for both career (4,925) and season (2,062) all-purpose yardage. He went on to be selected by the Green Bay Packers in the 2013 NFL Draft.

paragraph: In his second season with the Bruins, Broussard directed a running back group headed by Myles Jack, who won Pac-12 Freshman of the Year in 2013-14 season. Jack set a UCLA single game scoring record with 4 touchdowns in a win over Washington on November 15, 2013.

paragraph: Broussard reconnected with SMU head coach June Jones, the coach that had a part in drafting him in Atlanta, on the Mustangs where he coached the running backs for one season in 2014. During the 2015 season Broussard was the offensive coordinator at Pasadena City College.

paragraph: In April 2017 Broussard was hired as the new head coach at Fort Vancouver High School in Vancouver, Washington. In February 2018, Broussard was reported to be taking the head football coaching job at St. Monica Catholic High School in California.

description: American football player and coach

wikidata_label: Steve Broussard

wikipedia_title: Steve Broussard


text:
Salford
Greek
Egypt
tennis
1896 Summer Olympics
Athens
1906 Intercalated Games
England
Egypt
Defert
France
Konstantinos Akratopoulos
Greece
Momcsilló Tapavicza
Hungary
John Pius Boland
Great Britain and Ireland
International Olympic Committee
Demetrios Petrokokkinos
mixed team
Konstantinos Paspatis
Evangelos Rallis
Australia
George S. Robertson
Edwin Flack
Friedrich Traun
Germany

categories: Greek male tennis players,Egyptian people of Greek descent,19th-century male tennis players,1872 births,1931 deaths,Egyptian male tennis players,Olympic tennis players of Greece,Olympic medalists in tennis,Tennis players at the 1896 Summer Olympics,Date of death missing,19th-century Egyptian people,Sportspeople from Alexandria,Olympic silver medalists for Greece,Medalists at the 1896 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Dionysios Kasdaglis

paragraph: Dionysios () or Dimitrios () Kasdaglis () (10 October 1872 in Salford – 1931) was a Greek-Egyptian tennis player. He competed in the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens and the 1906 Intercalated Games, also in Athens.

paragraph: According to the Greek wiki entry, his name was Dimitrios and he was mistakenly believed to be named Dionysios.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Kasdaglis was born in England, was domiciled in Egypt but according to the official bulletin he participated as a member of the Greek team. He made it to the finals in both the singles and doubles events. In the singles, he defeated Defert of France in the first round, Konstantinos Akratopoulos of Greece in the second, and Momcsilló Tapavicza of Hungary in the semifinals before facing John Pius Boland of Great Britain and Ireland in the final. Boland proved the better player, and Kasdaglis finished second. The medal is credited to Kasdaglis as a Greek by the International Olympic Committee.

paragraph: For the doubles tournament, Kasdaglis paired with Demetrios Petrokokkinos in a mixed team. They defeated another pair of Greeks, Konstantinos Paspatis and Evangelos Rallis, in the first round and the British/Australian pair of George S. Robertson and Edwin Flack in the semifinals. In the final, Kasdaglis again faced Boland, this time paired with Friedrich Traun of Germany. Kasdaglis and Petrokokkinos lost that match to give Kasdaglis his second silver medal.

description: Egyptian tennis player

wikidata_label: Dimitrios Kasdaglis

wikipedia_title: Dionysios Kasdaglis


text: fuqaha

text: fiqh

text: Medina

text: Tabi‘in

text: Muslim historians

text: Zubayr ibn al-Awwam

text: Asmā' bint Abu Bakr

text: Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr

text: Aisha bint Abu Bakr

text: Hisham ibn Urwa

text: caliphate

text: Uthman

text: Medina

text: Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr

text: Abd al-Malik

text: hadith

text: Aishah

text: seven fuqaha, or jurists, of Medina

text: Qur'an

text: Battle of al-Harrah

text: Muhammad

text: Ibn Ishaq

text: Aisha

text: Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri

text: Gregor Schoeler

text: The Seven Fuqaha of Medina

text: Sunni view of the Sahaba

text: Biodata at MuslimScholars.info

categories: Year of birth unknown,713 deaths,Sunni imams,Scholars from the Umayyad Caliphate,Tabi‘un,Arab Muslim historians of Islam,Banu Asad (Quraysh),Abu Bakr family,Tabi‘un hadith narrators

paragraph: Urwah ibn Zubayr

paragraph: 'Urwah ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam al-Asadi (, died 713) was among the seven "fuqaha" (jurists) who formulated the fiqh of Medina in the time of the Tabi‘in and one of the Muslim historians.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Family.

paragraph: He was the son of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam and Asmā' bint Abu Bakr. He was also the brother of Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr and the nephew of Aisha bint Abu Bakr.

paragraph: His son was Hisham ibn Urwa.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Uthman's era.

paragraph: He was born in the early years of the caliphate of Uthman in Medina and lived through the civil war which occurred after Uthman's martyrdom. Although his brother Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr wrested the rule from Abd al-Malik, it is unknown if he assisted him. He devoted himself to the study of fiqh and hadith and had the greatest knowledge of hadiths narrated from Aishah. He said, ""Before Aishah died, I saw that I had become one of four authorities. I said, 'If she dies, there will be no hadith which will be lost from those she knows. I have memorized all of them.""

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: He was one of the seven fuqaha, or jurists, of Medina.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Works.

paragraph: Urwah wrote many books but, fearing they might become sources of authority alongside the Qur'an, destroyed them the day of the Battle of al-Harrah. He later regretted that, saying ""I would rather have them in my possession than my family and property twice over.""

paragraph: He is also known to have written one of the first writings in the area of the biography of Muhammad, known as the "Tract of Seerah". This is not extant either but is known through Ibn Ishaq.

paragraph: Alfred Guillaume writes: [Among precursors of Ibn Ishaq’s Sira] A man of much greater importance was 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr b. al- 'Awwam (23-94). He and his brother 'Abdullah were in close contact with the prophet’s widow [and their aunt] 'A’isha. He was a recognized authority on the early history of Islam, and the Umayyad caliph 'Abdu’l-Malik applied to him when he needed information on that subject. Again, it is uncertain whether he wrote a book, but the many traditions that are handed down in his name by Ibn Ishaq and other writers justify the assertion that he was the founder of Islamic history.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Hadith.

paragraph: Among his narrations are:

paragraph: His transmitted narrations from:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aisha

paragraph: His narrations are transmitted by:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Non-Muslim view.

paragraph: Gregor Schoeler calls him as the first head of what he calls a "Madinese historical school," who began the systematic organization of material into books (tasnīf)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Seven Fuqaha of Medina

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sunni view of the Sahaba

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: also:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Four Imams", Muhammad Abu Zahrah, Dar al-Taqwa Publications

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biodata at MuslimScholars.info

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Imam 'Urwah Ibn Az Zubayr and the others 7 jurists of Medina

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Imam 'Urwah Ibn Az Zubayr by at-tawhid.net

description: Sunni Imam and historian

wikidata_label: Urwah ibn Zubayr

wikipedia_title: Urwah ibn Zubayr


text: caliphate

text: Mecca

text: Umayyads

text: al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam

text: Asma bint Abi Bakr

text: Quraysh

text: Muhajirun

text: Islam

text: early Muslim conquests

text: Syria

text: Egypt

text: North Africa

text: First Muslim Civil War

text: A'isha

text: Ali

text: Mu'awiya I

text: Yazid I

text: Ansar

text: Hejaz

text: Umayyads

text: Second Muslim Civil War

text: son and successor

text: Marwan I

text: Alid

text: Kharijite

text: Mus'ab

text: Abd al-Malik

text: al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf

text: besiege Ibn al-Zubayr

text: Muhammad

text: Medina

text: Hejaz

text: al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam

text: ṣaḥābī

text: Islam

text: Muhammad

text: Banu Asad

text: Quraysh

text: Mecca

text: Ka'aba

text: Safiyya bint Abd al-Muttalib

text: Asma

text: caliph

text: Abu Bakr

text: A'isha

text: Ibn Habib

text: Ibn Qutayba

text: Muhajirun

text: Banu Fazara

text: kunya

text: Hasan

text: Ali

text: Uthman ibn Affan

text: Umar

text: Battle of Yarmouk

text: Byzantine

text: Syria

text: Amr ibn al-As

text: campaign against Byzantine Egypt

text: Ifriqiya

text: Abd Allah ibn Sa'd

text: patrician

text: Gregory

text: Sa'id ibn al-As

text: Qur'an

text: rebel siege of Uthman's house

text: Battle of the Camel

text: Basra

text: Malik al-Ashtar

text: First Fitna

text: Adhruh

text: Dumat al-Jandal

text: Abd Allah ibn Umar

text: Mu'awiya I

text: Yazid I

text: al-Walid ibn Utba ibn Abi Sufyan

text: Husayn

text: Karbala

text: defeated

text: Amr ibn Sa'id ibn al-As

text: shūrṭā

text: Ansar

text: Abd Allah ibn Hanzala

text: Kharijite

text: Bahrayn

text: Muslim ibn Uqba

text: Battle of al-Harrah

text: Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni

text: amīr al-muʾminīn

text: Banu Hashim

text: Alid

text: Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya

text: Abd Allah ibn Abbas

text: Najda ibn 'Amir al-Hanafi

text: Yamama

text: Damascus

text: Mu'awiya II

text: Egypt

text: Kufa

text: Yemen

text: Qays

text: northern Syria

text: Khurasan

text: Abd Allah ibn Khazim al-Sulami

text: Mus'ab

text: Kerman

text: Fars

text: central

text: southern Syria

text: Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad

text: al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri

text: Battle of Marj Rahit

text: Jazira

text: Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi

text: al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: Alid

text: mahdī

text: Azd

text: al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra

text: Hadhramawt

text: Ta'if

text: Abd al-Malik

text: Battle of Maskin

text: Ahwaz

text: al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf

text: al-Tabari

text: Tariq ibn Amr

text: gibbet

text: Umar II

text: al-Walid I

text: Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik

text: Abbasid

text: al-Mahdi

text: Harun al-Rashid

text: Bakkar

text: shūrā

text: H. A. R. Gibb

text: Julius Wellhausen

categories: People of the Second Fitna,History of Mecca,692 deaths,Male Sahabah,624 births,7th-century caliphs,Abu Bakr family

image: 512px-الصحابي_عبد_الله_بن_الزبير.png

paragraph: Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr

paragraph: Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam (; May 624 — October/November 692) was the leader of a caliphate based in Mecca that rivaled the Umayyads between 683 until his death. The son of al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam and Asma bint Abi Bakr, Ibn al-Zubayr belonged to the Quraysh, the leading tribe of the nascent Muslim community, and was the first child born to the Muhajirun, Islam's earliest converts. As a youth, he participated in the early Muslim conquests alongside his father in Syria and Egypt, and later played a role in the Muslim conquests of North Africa and northern Iran in 647 and 650, respectively. During the First Muslim Civil War, he fought on the side of his aunt A'isha against Caliph Ali (). Though little is heard of Ibn al-Zubayr during the subsequent reign of the first Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I (), it was known that he opposed the latter's designation of his son, Yazid I, as his successor. Ibn al-Zubayr, along with much of the Quraysh and the Ansar, the leading Muslim groups of the Hejaz (western Arabia), opposed the caliphate becoming an inheritable institution of the Umayyads.

paragraph: Ibn al-Zubayr established himself in Mecca where he rallied opposition to Yazid (), before proclaiming himself caliph in the wake of Yazid's death in 683, marking the beginning of the Second Muslim Civil War. Meanwhile, Yazid's son and successor died weeks into his reign, precipitating the collapse of Umayyad authority across the Caliphate, most of whose provinces subsequently accepted the suzerainty of Ibn al-Zubayr. Though widely recognized as caliph, his authority was largely nominal outside of the Hejaz. By 685, the Umayyad Caliphate had been reconstituted under Marwan I in Syria and Egypt, while Zubayrid authority was being challenged in Iraq and Arabia by pro-Alid and Kharijite forces. Ibn al-Zubayr's brother Mus'ab was able to reassert Ibn al-Zubayr's suzerainty in Iraq by 687, but was defeated and killed by Marwan's successor Abd al-Malik in 691. The Umayyad commander al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf proceeded to besiege Ibn al-Zubayr in his Meccan stronghold, where he was ultimately slain in 692.

paragraph: Through the prestige of his family ties and social links with the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his strong association with the holy city of Mecca, Ibn al-Zubayr was able to lead the influential, disaffected Muslim factions opposed to Umayyad rule. He sought to reestablish the Hejaz as the political center of the Caliphate. However, his refusal to leave Mecca precluded him from exercising power in the more populous provinces where he depended on his brother Mus'ab and other loyalists, who ruled with virtual independence. He thus played a minor active role in the struggle carried out in his name.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.:Family.

paragraph: Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr was born in Medina in the Hejaz (western Arabia) in May 624. He was the eldest son of al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, a "ṣaḥābī" (companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leading Muslim figure. He belonged to the Banu Asad clan of the Quraysh, the dominant tribe of Mecca, a trade center in the Hejaz and location of the Ka'aba, the holiest sanctuary in Islam. Ibn al-Zubayr's paternal grandmother was Safiyya bint Abd al-Muttalib, the paternal aunt of Muhammad, and his mother was Asma, a daughter of the first caliph, Abu Bakr (), and sister of A'isha, a wife of Muhammad. According to the 9th-century historians Ibn Habib and Ibn Qutayba, Ibn al-Zubayr was the first child born to the Muhajirun, the earliest converts to Islam who had been exiled from Mecca to Medina. These early social, kinship and religious links to Muhammad, his family and the first Muslims all boosted Ibn al-Zubayr's reputation in adulthood.

paragraph: Ibn al-Zubayr had a number of wives and children. His first wife was Tumadir bint Manzur ibn Zabban ibn Sayyar ibn Amr of the Banu Fazara. She bore him his eldest son Khubayb, hence Ibn al-Zubayr's "kunya" (epithet) "Abu Khubayb", and other sons Hamza, Abbad, al-Zubayr and Thabit. She or another of Ibn al-Zubayr's wives, Umm al-Hasan Nafisa, a daughter of Hasan, son of the fourth caliph Ali () and grandson of Muhammad, bore his daughter Ruqayya. Tumadir's sister Zajla was at one point married to Ibn al-Zubayr. He was also married to A'isha, a daughter of the third caliph Uthman ibn Affan (). A'isha or Nafisa mothered Ibn al-Zubayr's son Bakr, of whom little is reported in the traditional sources. Ibn al-Zubayr divorced A'isha following the birth of their son. From another wife, Hantama bint Abd al-Rahman ibn Hisham, Ibn al-Zubayr had his son 'Amir.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.:Military career.

paragraph: As a child, during the reign of Caliph Umar in 636, Ibn al-Zubayr may have been present with his father at the Battle of Yarmouk against the Byzantines in Syria. He was also present with his father in Amr ibn al-As's campaign against Byzantine Egypt in 640. In 647, Ibn al-Zubayr distinguished himself in the Muslim conquest of Ifriqiya (North Africa) under the commander Abd Allah ibn Sa'd. During that campaign, Ibn al-Zubayr discovered a vulnerable point in the battle lines of the Byzantine defenders and slew their patrician, Gregory. He was lauded by Caliph Uthman and issued a victory speech, well known for its eloquence, upon his return to Medina. Later, he joined Sa'id ibn al-As in the latter's offensive in northern Iran in 650. Uthman appointed Ibn al-Zubayr to the commission charged with the recension of the Qur'an. During the rebel siege of Uthman's house in June 656, the caliph put Ibn al-Zubayr in charge of his defense and he was reportedly wounded in the fighting. In the aftermath of Uthman's assassination, Ibn al-Zubayr fought alongside his father and his aunt A'isha against the partisans of Uthman's successor, Caliph Ali, at the Battle of the Camel in Basra in December. Al-Zubayr was killed, while Ibn al-Zubayr was wounded sparring with one of Ali's commanders, Malik al-Ashtar. Ali was victorious and Ibn al-Zubayr returned with A'isha to Medina, later taking part in the arbitration to end the First Fitna (Muslim civil war) in Adhruh or Dumat al-Jandal. During the talks, he counseled Abd Allah ibn Umar to pay for the support of Amr ibn al-As. Ibn al-Zubayr inherited a significant fortune from his father.

paragraph: Section::::Revolt.

paragraph: Section::::Revolt.:Opposition to the Umayyads.

paragraph: Ibn al-Zubayr did not oppose Mu'awiya I's accession to the caliphate in 661 and remained largely inactive during the course of his reign. However, he refused to recognize Mu'awiya's nomination of his son Yazid I as his successor in 676. When Yazid acceded following his father's death in 680, Ibn al-Zubayr again rejected his legitimacy, despite Yazid having the backing of the Arab tribesmen of Syria who formed the core of the Umayyad military. In response, Yazid charged al-Walid ibn Utba ibn Abi Sufyan, the governor of Medina, with gaining Ibn al-Zubayr's submission, but he evaded the authorities and escaped to Mecca. He was joined there by Ali's son Husayn, who too had refused submission to Yazid. Husayn and his supporters made a stand against the Umayyads in Karbala in 680, but were defeated and Husayn was slain.

paragraph: Following Husayn's death, Ibn al-Zubayr began clandestinely recruiting supporters. By September 683, he had taken control of Mecca. He referred to himself as "al-ʿaʾidh biʾl bayt" (the fugitive at the sanctuary, i.e. the Ka'aba), adopted the slogan "lā ḥukma illā li-ʾllāh" (judgement belongs to God alone), but made no claim to the caliphate. Yazid ordered the governor of Medina, Amr ibn Sa'id ibn al-As, to arrest Ibn al-Zubayr. The governor, in turn, charged Ibn al-Zubayr's estranged brother, the head of Medina's "shūrṭā" (security forces), Amr, to lead the expedition. The Umayyad force was ambushed and Amr was captured and killed in captivity. Ibn al-Zubayr declared the illegitimacy of Yazid's caliphate and allied with the Ansar of Medina led by Abd Allah ibn Hanzala, who had withdrawn support for Yazid due to his alleged improprieties. Ibn al-Zubayr also gained the support of the Kharijite movement in Basra and Bahrayn (eastern Arabia); the Kharijites were early opponents of the Umayyads who had defected from Caliph Ali because of his participation in the 657 arbitration.

paragraph: In response to growing opposition throughout Arabia, Yazid dispatched a Syrian Arab expeditionary force led by Muslim ibn Uqba to suppress Ibn al-Zubayr and the Ansar. The Ansar were routed at the Battle of al-Harrah in the summer of 683, and Ibn Hanzala was slain. The army continued toward Mecca, but Ibn Uqba died en route and command passed to his deputy Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni. The latter besieged the city on 24 September after Ibn al-Zubayr refused to surrender. The Ka'aba was severely damaged during al-Sakuni's bombardment. During the siege, two potential Qurashi candidates for the caliphate, Mus'ab ibn Abd al-Rahman and al-Miswar ibn Makhrama, were killed or died of natural causes. In November, news of Yazid's death prompted al-Sakuni to negotiate with Ibn al-Zubayr. The former proposed to recognize him as caliph on the condition that he would rule from Syria, the center of the Umayyad military and administration. Ibn al-Zubayr rejected this and the army withdrew to Syria, leaving him in control of Mecca.

paragraph: Section::::Revolt.:Claim to the caliphate.

paragraph: Yazid's death and the subsequent withdrawal of the Umayyad army from the Hejaz afforded Ibn al-Zubayr the opportunity to realize his aspirations for the caliphate. He immediately declared himself "amīr al-muʾminīn" (commander of the faithful), a title traditionally reserved for the caliph, and called for the Muslims to give him their oath of allegiance. With the other Hejazi candidates dead, Ibn al-Zubayr remained the last contender for the caliphate among the anti-Umayyad factions in Mecca and Medina and these groups recognized him as their leader. An exception to this came from the Banu Hashim clan to which the prophet Muhammad and the Alids belonged and whose support Ibn al-Zubayr deemed important for his own legitimacy as caliph. The leading representatives of the clan in the Hejaz, Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya, the half-brother of Husayn ibn Ali, and their cousin Abd Allah ibn Abbas, withheld their oaths citing the need for a stronger consensus in the wider Muslim community. Irritated, Ibn al-Zubayr besieged the clan's neighborhood in Mecca and imprisoned Ibn al-Hanafiyya to pressure the Banu Hashim. Meanwhile, the Kharijites under Najda ibn 'Amir al-Hanafi in the Yamama (central Arabia) abandoned Ibn al-Zubayr once he forwarded his claim to the caliphate, an institution they rejected, and refused to embrace their doctrine.

paragraph: In the Umayyad capital Damascus, Yazid was succeeded by his young son Mu'awiya II, but the latter wielded virtually no authority and died from illness months after his accession. This left a leadership void in Syria as there were no suitable successors among Mu'awiya I's Sufyanid house. In the ensuing chaos, Umayyad authority collapsed across the caliphate and Ibn al-Zubayr gained wide recognition. Most of the Islamic provinces offered their allegiance, including Egypt, Kufa, Yemen and the Qaysi tribes of northern Syria. Likewise, in Khurasan, the "de facto" governor Abd Allah ibn Khazim al-Sulami offered his recognition. Ibn al-Zubayr appointed his brother Mus'ab as governor of Basra and its dependencies. In a testament to the extent of Ibn al-Zubayr's sovereignty, coins were minted in his name as far as the districts of Kerman and Fars in modern-day Iran; both were dependencies of Basra. Nonetheless, his authority outside of the Hejaz was largely nominal.

paragraph: Most of the Arab tribes in central and southern Syria remained loyal to the Umayyads and selected the non-Sufyanid Marwan ibn al-Hakam from Medina to succeed Mu'awiya II. The proclamation of Marwan as caliph in Damascus marked a turning point against Ibn al-Zubayr. Marwan's partisans, led by Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, decisively defeated the pro-Zubayrid Qaysi tribes, led by al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri, at the Battle of Marj Rahit in July 684. The surviving Qaysi tribesmen fled to the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) under the leadership of Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi, who maintained his recognition of Ibn al-Zubayr's suzerainty. However, in March 685, Ibn al-Zubayr lost the economically important province of Egypt to Marwan.

paragraph: Meanwhile, negotiations collapsed between Ibn al-Zubayr and the Kufan strongman al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, who afterward took up the cause of the Alid family. He declared Ibn al-Hanafiyya caliph and, unprecedentedly in Islamic history, the "mahdī". Al-Mukhtar's partisans drove out the Zubayrid authorities from Kufa in October 685. Al-Mukhtar later dispatched a Kufan force to the Hejaz and freed Ibn al-Hanafiyya. Mus'ab's authority in Basra and Khurasan was also beginning to waver, but was ultimately secured after he gained the backing of the powerful Azdi chieftain and military leader of Khurasan, al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra. Mus'ab also gained the defections of thousands of Kufan tribesmen and together they defeated and killed al-Mukhtar in April 687. Ibn al-Zubayr subsequently dismissed Mus'ab from office in 686/87 and appointed his own son Hamza as governor of Basra. The latter dispatched a force under Abd Allah ibn Umayr al-Laythi to drive out the Najdiyya Kharijites from Bahrayn after they overran the province, but the Zubayrids were repulsed. Hamza proved incompetent in his administration of Iraq and following his failure to deliver the provincial revenues to the state treasury in Mecca, he was dismissed and allegedly imprisoned by his father. Mus'ab was reinstated shortly after, in 687/88. By that year, the Najdiyya Kharijites conquered Yemen and Hadhramawt, while in 689, they occupied Ta'if, Mecca's southern, uphill neighbor.

paragraph: Section::::Revolt.:Suppression and death.

paragraph: The defeat of al-Mukhtar, who had opposed the Zubayrids and the Umayyads, left Ibn al-Zubayr and Marwan's son and successor Abd al-Malik (r. 685–705) as the two main contenders for the caliphate. However, Kharijite gains in Arabia had isolated Ibn al-Zubayr in the Hejaz, cutting him off from loyalists in other parts of the caliphate. In 691, Abd al-Malik secured the support of Zufar and the Qays of Jazira, removing the principal obstacle between his Syrian army and Zubayrid Iraq. Later that year, his forces conquered Iraq and killed Mus'ab in the Battle of Maskin. Al-Muhallab, who was leading the fight against the Kharijites in Fars and Ahwaz, subsequently switched his allegiance to Abd al-Malik.

paragraph: After asserting Umayyad authority in Iraq, Abd al-Malik dispatched one of his commanders, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, to subdue Ibn al-Zubayr. Al-Hajjaj besieged and bombarded Mecca for six months, by which point, most of Ibn al-Zubayr's partisans and his sons Khubayb and Hamza surrendered upon offers of pardons. Ibn al-Zubayr remained defiant and, acting on his mother's counsel, entered the battlefield where he was ultimately slain on 3 October or 4 November 692. In an anecdote recorded by 9th-century historian al-Tabari, when al-Hajjaj and his lieutenant commander, Tariq ibn Amr, stood over Ibn al-Zubayr's body, Tariq said of the latter: "Women have borne none manlier than he ... He had no defensive trench, no fortress, no stronghold; yet he held his own against us an equal, and even got the better of us whenever we met with him". Al-Hajjaj posted Ibn al-Zubayr's body on a gibbet where it remained until Abd al-Malik allowed Ibn al-Zubayr's mother to retrieve it. His body was subsequently buried in the house of his paternal grandmother Safiyya in Medina. The Umayyad victory and Ibn al-Zubayr's death marked the end of the Second Fitna.

paragraph: Following his victory, Abd al-Malik confiscated the estates of Ibn al-Zubayr in Medina and elsewhere in the Hejaz. The caliph later restored one or more of the properties to Ibn al-Zubayr's sons after a request by Thabit. His eldest son, Khubayb, was flogged to death in Medina by its governor Umar II during the reign of Caliph al-Walid I (r. 705–715). Thabit, meanwhile, had gained particular favor from al-Walid's successor, Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik (r. 715–717), who agreed to return the remainder of the confiscated estates to Ibn al-Zubayr's sons. Under the Abbasid caliphs al-Mahdi (r. 775–785) and Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809), several descendants of Ibn al-Zubayr attained senior administrative posts, including his great-grandson Abd Allah ibn Mus'ab ibn Thabit al-Zubayri and the latter's son Bakkar, who successively served as governors of Medina.

paragraph: Section::::Assessment.

paragraph: Ibn al-Zubayr adamantly opposed the caliphate becoming an Umayyad inheritance. Instead, he advocated that the caliph should be chosen by "shūrā" (consultation) among the Quraysh as a whole. The latter opposed the monopolization of power by the Banu Umayya and insisted power be distributed between all the Qurashi clans. However, other than this conviction, Ibn al-Zubayr did not sponsor any religious doctrine or political program, unlike the contemporary Alid and Kharijite movements. By the time he made his claim to the caliphate, he had emerged as the leader of the disaffected Quraysh. According to historian H. A. R. Gibb, Qurashi resentment towards the Banu Umayya is evident as an underlying theme in the Islamic traditions about Ibn al-Zubayr's conflict with the Umayyads and Ibn al-Zubayr was the "principal representative" of the second generation of the Hejaz's elite Muslim families who chafed at the "gulf of power" between them and the ruling Umayyad house. Though Gibb describes Ibn al-Zubayr as "brave, but fundamentally self-seeking and self-indulgent", the hostility to the Umayyads in traditional Muslim sources led to a general description of him as a "model of piety". Nonetheless, a number of Muslim sources condemned him as jealous and harsh and particularly criticized the fatal abuse of his brother 'Amr and his imprisonment of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya.

paragraph: Ibn al-Zubayr rallied opposition to the Umayyads in the Hejaz from his base in Mecca, Islam's holiest city, and through his prestige as a first-generation Muslim with family ties to the prophet Muhammad. He aimed to restore the Hejaz to its former political prominence; after the assassination of Uthman, the region's position as the political center of the caliphate had been lost first to Kufa under Ali and then to Damascus under Mu'awiya I. To that end, Ibn al-Zubayr developed a strong association with Mecca and its Ka'aba, which, combined with his control of Islam's second holiest city of Medina, furthered his prestige and gave his caliphate a holy character. Ibn al-Zubayr rejected the offer of support from the caliphate's Syria-based army partly because it would have obliged him to relocate to Damascus. Indeed, while other cities were available to him, Ibn al-Zubayr opted to remain in Mecca, from which he issued directives to his supporters elsewhere in the caliphate. However, this restricted him from exercising direct influence in the larger, more populated provinces, particularly Iraq, where his more worldly brother ruled with virtual independence. In Arabia, Ibn al-Zubayr's power had been largely confined to the Hejaz with the Kharijite leader Najda holding more influence in the greater part of the peninsula. Thus, Ibn al-Zubayr had virtually rendered himself a background figure in the movement that was launched in his name; in the words of historian Julius Wellhausen, "the struggle turned round him [Ibn al-Zubayr] nominally, but he took no part in it and it was decided without him".

paragraph: During his rule, Ibn al-Zubayr made significant alterations to the Ka'aba's structure, claiming that the changes were in line with the authority of the prophet Muhammad. He called himself the "fugitive at the sanctuary [Ka'aba]" while his Umayyad detractors referred to him as "the evil-doer at Mecca".

paragraph: Section::::Timeline of the two caliphates.

paragraph: Three Umayyad caliphs reigned during the twelve years of Ibn al-Zubayr's caliphate between 680 and 692. The shorts terms indicated in the upper plot in light blue and yellow correspond to the tenures of Mu'awiya II and Marwan I, respectively. (Note that a caliph's succession does not necessarily occur on the first day of the new year.)

alias:
Abdullah ibn Zubayr
Abdullah bin Zubayr
Ibn Al-Zubayr
Ibn Zubayr
Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr
Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr
'Abd Allah ibn az-Zubayr
Abdullah Ibn-Zubayr
Abd Allah Ibn Az-Zubayr
Ibn Zubair
Abd Allah ibn az-Zubayr
Abd-Allah ibn Zubayr
Ibn al-Zubair
Abdallah bin Zubayr
Abdullah ibn Az Zubayr
Abdullah ibn Zubair
Ibn az-Zubayr
Abdullah bin Az-Zubair
Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr
Abd Allah ibn Zubayr
‘Abdu l-Lāh ibn az-Zubayr
Abd Allah ibn al-Zubair
Ibn al-Zubayr

description: historical Arab ruler

wikidata_label: Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr

wikipedia_title: Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr


text:
Coimbra
Wamba, Valladolid
infanta
Portugal
Afonso Henriques
king of Portugal
Maud of Savoy
queen consort
León
Ferdinand II
Alfonso IX
Sancho I
Alfonso IX
Zamora
Pope Alexander III
Alfonso VI of León and Castile
Order of Saint John of Jerusalem
Carta de Arras
wedding tokens
Castroverde de Campos
Mansilla
Salas
Asturias
Order of Santiago
Valladolid
Church of Santa María

categories: People from Coimbra,Galician queens consort,1211 deaths,Burials in the Community of Castile and León,House of Burgundy-Portugal,Leonese queen consorts,12th-century Portuguese women,1148 births,12th-century Portuguese people,12th-century people from León and Castile,Portuguese infantas

paragraph: Urraca of Portugal

paragraph: Urraca of Portugal (; (Coimbra, 1148 – Wamba, Valladolid, 1211) was an infanta of Portugal, daughter of Afonso Henriques, the first king of Portugal, and his wife, Queen Maud of Savoy. She was queen consort of León as the wife of King Ferdinand II and the mother of Alfonso IX.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Daughter of Afonso I, the first king of Portugal, and his wife Maud of Savoy, she had several siblings, including King Sancho I.

paragraph: In May or June 1165, she married Ferdinand II, becoming the first infanta of Portugal to have married a Leonese monarch. The only son of this marriage, Alfonso IX, was born in Zamora on 15 August 1171.

paragraph: However, the marriage of Ferdinand II and Urraca was annulled in 1171 or 1172 by Pope Alexander III the two being second cousins, great-grandchildren of Alfonso VI of León and Castile. Urraca then became a nun joining the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem and retired to live in the estates that her former husband had given her in the Carta de Arras (wedding tokens) in Zamora. Later, she retired in the Monastery of Santa María de Wamba which belonged to the aforementioned order.

paragraph: On 25 May 1176, Queen Urraca donated land and villas to the Order of Saint John, probably coinciding with her joining the order. These properties included Castroverde de Campos and Mansilla in León and Salas and San Andrés in Asturias. She was present in 1188 at the coronation of her son Alfonso IX who inherited the throne after his father's death on 22 January 1188 and, in that same year, on 4 May, both confirmed the privileges granted by the former king to the Order of Santiago. Her presence is registered for the last time in medieval charters in 1211 when she donated the village of Castrotorafe that she had received from her husband the king in 1165 as a wedding gift to the Cathedral of Zamora.

paragraph: Queen Urraca was buried at the Monastery of Santa María de Wamba in what is now the province of Valladolid, that belonged to the Order of Saint John. In the interior of the Church of Santa María, the only part remaining of the ancient monastery, is the Chapel of the Queen where a plaque that was placed there subsequently mentions that Queen Urraca of Portugal had been interred in this church.

description: portuguese nun from the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem and Queen of León

wikidata_label: Urraca of Portugal

wikipedia_title: Urraca of Portugal


text:
Turkish
bey
Artuk
Seljuk Empire
Suruç
Şanlıurfa Province
Turkey
First Crusade
Antakya
Harput
Elâzığ
Mengücek
beylik
Artukids
Sökmen
Ilghazi
Anatolian Seljuk
Kılıç Arslan I
Danishmends
Constantine Gabras
Byzantine Empire
Countship of Edessa
Joscelin I
Baldwin II of Jerusalem
Tyre
Muslim
Syria

categories: Turkic rulers,11th-century births,People of the Seljuq Empire,1124 deaths,History of Elazığ Province

paragraph: Belek Ghazi

paragraph: Belek Ghazi ("Nuruddevle Belek" or "Balak") was a Turkish bey in the early 12th century.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: His father was Behram and his grand father was Artuk, an important figure of the Seljuk Empire in the 11th century. He was a short-term governor of Suruç (now a district center in Şanlıurfa Province of Turkey). During the First Crusade, the crusaders captured the city in 1098. He took part in the Seljuk expedition to Antakya which was recently lost to Crusaders. But the campaign ended in failure.

paragraph: Section::::Beylik in Harput.

paragraph: In 1112 Belek captured Harput (an ancient city near to present day Elâzığ in Turkey) from Mengüceks. He founded a beylik. This beylik is now known as the Harput branch of the Artukids (the other two being the Hasankeyf branch of Sökmen and Mardin branch of Ilghazi). Next year he married to Ayşe Hatun, widow of Anatolian Seljuk sultan Kılıç Arslan I. By this prestigious marriage, he formed family ties with the Seljuk family.

paragraph: In 1120, Belek together with Danishmends defeated a coalition of Mengüceks and Constantine Gabras of the Byzantine Empire. Two years later, after the death of Ilghazi, Belek became the leader of the Artukids. In 1122 he defeated the forces of Countship of Edessa and took Joscelin I as captive. Next year Baldwin II of Jerusalem too was enslaved by Belek. These two victories gained Belek fame both in Muslim countries and in Europe.

paragraph: Section::::Death and aftermath.

paragraph: In 1124 he was invited to defend Tyre the only port the Muslims used in Syria against the attacking Crusaders. During the fighting he was killed on 6 May 1124. Shortly after his death Harput was annexed by the Artukids of Hasankeyf. Nevertheless, in 1185 another beylik was founded by Artukids in Harput

wikidata_label: Belek Ghazi

wikipedia_title: Belek Ghazi


text:
PC
Scottish
Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll
William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton
earldom
Privy Council
Lord High Constable of Scotland
Charles I
Holyrood Abbey
Errol
William the Lion
Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne
Gilbert Hay
Robert Ker, 1st Earl of Roxburghe
John Kennedy, 6th Earl of Cassilis

categories: 1636 deaths,Earls of Erroll,Members of the Privy Council of Scotland,17th-century Scottish people,1590s births

paragraph: William Hay, 10th Earl of Erroll

paragraph: William Hay, 10th Earl of Erroll PC (before 1597 – 7 December 1636) was a Scottish nobleman.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll by his third wife, Lady Elizabeth, daughter of William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton.

paragraph: He succeeded to the earldom after his father's death in 1631. He became a member of the Privy Council on 28 May 1633. He also succeeded to the title of Lord High Constable of Scotland, and took part in the Scottish coronation of King Charles I of Holyrood Abbey on 18 June 1633.

paragraph: The earl lived such an extravagant lifestyle that he was forced to sell off the family's namesake lands in Errol, which had been granted to his forebearers by King William the Lion in the 12th century.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: In September 1618, he married Anne Lyon, only daughter of Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne. They had issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Gilbert Hay (13 June 1631–1674)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Lady Margaret, married 1638 Lord Henry Ker, son of Robert Ker, 1st Earl of Roxburghe; secondly in 1644; John Kennedy, 6th Earl of Cassilis

wikidata_label: William Hay, 10th Earl of Erroll

wikipedia_title: William Hay, 10th Earl of Erroll


text:
PC
Scottish
William Hay, 10th Earl of Erroll
Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne
earldom
Earl of Kinghorne
Charles II
Lord High Constable of Scotland
Scone Abbey
William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal
Oliver Cromwell
Cromwell's Act of Grace
restoration
Privy Council
James Carnegie, 2nd Earl of Southesk
James Francis, Prince of Wales
Saint-Germain-en-Laye
John Hay
Andrew Hay, 8th Earl of Erroll

categories: Earls of Erroll,Members of the Privy Council of Scotland,17th-century Scottish people,1674 deaths,1631 births

paragraph: Gilbert Hay, 11th Earl of Erroll

paragraph: Gilbert Hay, 11th Earl of Erroll PC (13 June 1631 – October 1674) was a Scottish nobleman.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of William Hay, 10th Earl of Erroll by his wife, Anne, only daughter of Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne. He succeeded to the earldom at age 5, after his father's death in 1636. His uncle the Earl of Kinghorne was his tutor.

paragraph: On 1 January 1651, Erroll took part in the Scottish coronation of King Charles II as Lord High Constable of Scotland. Charles rode to Scone Abbey with William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal on his left and Erroll on his right.

paragraph: For his part in the coronation, Erroll was heavily fined; Oliver Cromwell's government demanded £2000 sterling in 1654 under Cromwell's Act of Grace. Erroll petitioned this ruling, stating that he had not fought in any battles against England, and such a fine would bankrupt him. After the restoration, he received a regrant of his titles in 1666.

paragraph: Erroll was appointed a member of the Privy Council in 1661.

paragraph: On 7 January 1658, he married Lady Catherine Carnegie, daughter of James Carnegie, 2nd Earl of Southesk; they had no issue. After his death, the countess became chief governess to James Francis, Prince of Wales in Saint-Germain-en-Laye.

paragraph: He died childless and was succeeded in the earldom by his cousin John Hay, great-grandson of Andrew Hay, 8th Earl of Erroll.

wikidata_label: Gilbert Hay, 11th Earl of Erroll

wikipedia_title: Gilbert Hay, 11th Earl of Erroll


text:
Polish Army
Polish General Staff
controversial
1943 Gibraltar B-24 crash
Polish-Soviet War
Wyższa Szkoła Wojenna
military attache
Polish General Staff
invasion of Poland
Polish Army in France
École Supérieure de Guerre
French General Staff
controversial
1943 Gibraltar B-24 crash
Institute of National Remembrance
Tadeusz Klimecki
Newark
Powązki Military Cemetery
Virtuti Militari
Gold Cross of Merit
Polski słownik biograficzny

categories: 1898 births,Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari,Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Gibraltar,1943 deaths,Polish military officers,People of the Polish–Soviet War,Recipients of the Gold Cross of Merit (Poland)

paragraph: Andrzej Marecki

paragraph: Andrzej Marecki (1898–1943) was a Polish military officer. Colonel in the Polish Army, lecturer in tactics and member of the Polish General Staff during World War II. He died in the controversial 1943 Gibraltar B-24 crash.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Andrzej Marecki was born on 2 September 1898. He participated in the Polish-Soviet War of 1918–1921. In the years 1924–1926 he studied in the Wyższa Szkoła Wojenna (Polish Military Academy). After graduating, from 1928 he was a lecturer in tactics at his "alma mater". In the years 1934–1936 he served with the . From February 1936 he was a military attache at the Polish diplomatic mission in Stockholm. In February 1939 he was attached to the Polish General Staff. Following Polish defeat after the German and Soviet invasion of Poland, he made his way through Romania to France, where he joined the recreated Polish Army in France. He taught a Polish course at the École Supérieure de Guerre, and later became a Polish liaison officer at the French General Staff. In May 1940 he was attached once again to the Polish General Staff. He was also the first commandant of the Wyższa Szkoła Wojenna, temporarily recreated in the United Kingdom during wartime, and he was involved with the re-establishing of in the United Kingdom during that time frame. He died in the controversial 1943 Gibraltar B-24 crash on 4 July 1943.

paragraph: Section::::Remembrance.

paragraph: As part of an investigation into the death of Sikorski undertaken in the 2000s by the Institute of National Remembrance in Poland, on 3 December 2010, bodies of Tadeusz Klimecki, Andrzej Marecki and were exhumed from their resting place in Newark, United Kingdom, flown to Warsaw and then taken to the Department of Forensic Medicine in Cracow for examination. On 9 December 2010, Tadeusz Klimecki and Andrzej Marecki were buried in the Powązki Military Cemetery in Warsaw.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: Marecki was a recipient of:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Virtuti Militari, 5th class

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gold Cross of Merit

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marecki Andrzej (1898–1943). Polski słownik biograficzny. T. 19.

description: Polish officer

wikidata_label: Andrzej Marecki

wikipedia_title: Andrzej Marecki


text:
Georgian
Kutaisi
Moscow
Konstantin Korovin
Nikolay Kasatkin
National Gallery
Tbilisi
Dimitri Shevardnadze
Académie Colarossi
Elene Akhvlediani
Lado Gudiashvili
David Kakabadze
execution

categories: 20th-century women artists,Women artists from Georgia (country),Conservator-restorers,20th-century painters from Georgia (country),1973 deaths,1894 births,People from Kutaisi

image: 512px-ქეთევან_მაღალაშვილი._1922_წ..JPG

paragraph: Ketevan Magalashvili

paragraph: Ketevan Konstantinovna Magalashvili () (7 (19) April 1894 - 30 May 1973) was a Georgian painter and art conservator.

paragraph: A native of Kutaisi, Magalashvili began her studies at the School of the Caucasian Society of Fine Arts, moving to Moscow in 1915 to study at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, where her instructors included Konstantin Korovin and Nikolay Kasatkin. She returned to Georgia in 1917; in 1921 she began working at the library of the National Gallery in Tbilisi, where Dimitri Shevardnadze, became a supporter. She traveled to Paris in 1923, enrolling at the Académie Colarossi and remaining there until 1926. In Paris she moved in the same circles as Elene Akhvlediani, Lado Gudiashvili, and David Kakabadze, studying contemporary French art and developing her technique. Returning once again to Georgia, she became a conservator at the National Gallery, leaving the post after Shevardnadze's execution in 1937. She continued work as a painter, exhibiting with the Union of Artists for much of her career and gaining some notice for her portraits. She died in Tbilisi.

paragraph: Work by Magalashvili is in the collection of the National Gallery of Georgia and in numerous private collections. She was the subject of a monograph published in 2016.

description: Russian conservation, painter and portrait painter (1894-1973)

wikidata_label: Ketevan Magalashvili

wikipedia_title: Ketevan Magalashvili


text:
baseball
outfielder
Major League Baseball
Detroit Tigers
Boston Red Sox
Washington Senators
Pittsburgh Pirates
batting average
on-base percentage
American League
Ty Cobb
Harry Heilmann
Bobby Veach
Heinie Manush
shortstop
Boston Red Sox
assists
double play
range factor
American League Most Valuable Player
Montague, Michigan
Littlerock, Washington
Olympia, Washington
Tacoma
Detroit Tigers
Chattanooga Lookouts
Southern Association
Camp Custer
Battle Creek, Michigan
Chick Shorten
on-base percentage
slugging percentage
Ty Cobb
slugging percentage
Harry Heilmann
Ty Cobb
Bobby Veach
1921 Tigers
Topper Rigney
Bob Fothergill
Heinie Manush
Bob Fothergill
Boston Red Sox
Ed Goebel
1923 Red Sox
right fielder
home run
Flint, Michigan
Olympia, Washington
American League Most Valuable Player
range factor
assists
putout
Babe Ruth
Patriots' Day
Boston
double play
fielding percentage
Washington Senators
Pittsburgh Pirates
Donie Bush
Portland Beavers
Pacific Coast League
Seattle Indians
Olympia, Washington
Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame

categories: Sportspeople from Olympia, Washington,Boston Red Sox players,Seattle Indians players,Detroit Tigers players,Chattanooga Lookouts players,Portland Beavers players,Sportspeople from Muskegon, Michigan,1940 deaths,Pittsburgh Pirates players,Tacoma Tigers players,Major League Baseball outfielders,1893 births,Washington Senators (1901–60) players,Baseball players from Michigan

paragraph: Ira Flagstead

paragraph: Ira James Flagstead (September 22, 1893 – March 13, 1940), sometimes known as "Pete", was an American baseball player. He played 15 years of professional baseball, principally as an outfielder, including 13 years in Major League Baseball with the Detroit Tigers (1917, 1919–1923), Boston Red Sox (1923–1929), Washington Senators (1929), and Pittsburgh Pirates (1929–1930). In 1,218 major league games, Flagstead compiled a .290 batting average with a .370 on-base percentage.

paragraph: As a rookie with the Tigers in 1919, Flagstead compiled a .331 batting average, the fifth highest in the American League. However, the Tigers were loaded with outfielders during Flagstead's tenure with the team (including Ty Cobb, Harry Heilmann, Bobby Veach, and Heinie Manush), and Flagstead saw limited action as an outfielder and was converted into a shortstop for the 1921 season.

paragraph: After being traded to the Boston Red Sox in 1923, Flagstead became one of the leading center fielders in the sport, with a combination of speed, a strong arm and a reliable glove. In 1923, he led all American League outfielders with 31 assists and eight double plays turned, and two years later he led the league's outfielders with a range factor of 3.15 – 0.88 points higher than the league average. He also set an American League record by starting three double plays as an outfielder in a single game, including two runners thrown out at home plate. He was among the leaders in the voting for the American League Most Valuable Player award for five consecutive years, ranking 15th in 1924, seventh in 1925, 23rd in 1926, 18th in 1927, and 14th in 1928.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Flagstead was born in Montague, Michigan, in 1893. His father was an immigrant from Norway who worked as a sailor on the Great Lakes, and his mother was a German immigrant who worked as a servant for a private family Flagstead grew up across the street from a baseball field and was the catcher for the Montague baseball team at age 16.

paragraph: As a young man, he moved to the Pacific Northwest, working for two years at a lumber mill in Littlerock, Washington, and then as a mill worker and steam fitter in Olympia, Washington. He played semi-pro baseball as the catcher for the Olympia Senators from 1913 to 1916. With arms and shoulders strengthened from his work as a steam fitter, Flagstead also competed briefly as a lightweight boxer while living in Washington.

paragraph: Section::::Professional baseball.

paragraph: Section::::Professional baseball.:Minor leagues.

paragraph: Flagstead did not begin playing professional baseball until age 24 when he signed with a team from Tacoma of the Northwest League. He played mostly in left field for Tacoma. By June 1917, he was batting .398 in his first season of professional baseball, had gained national press coverage, and was being hailed as "the batting sensation of the year".

paragraph: On July 12, 1917, the Tacoma club sold Flagstead to the Detroit Tigers; the sale price was not disclosed but was said to be substantial. Flagstead made his major league debut eight days later on July 20, 1917. He appeared in four games for the Tigers and had no hits in four at bats. The Tigers sent Flagstead to the Chattanooga Lookouts of the Southern Association to gain additional experience. He compiled a .381 batting average in the closing weeks of the 1917 season. Flagstead's season ended early in July 1918 when he was called into the military service. His .381 batting average in 1918 led the Southern Association by 48 points. In October 1918, he was reported to be in training at Camp Custer, a military camp near Battle Creek, Michigan.

paragraph: Section::::Professional baseball.:Detroit Tigers.

paragraph: In February 1919, with the war over, Flagstead returned a signed contract to play for the Tigers in 1918. He played in 97 games for the 1919 Tigers, 83 of those games as a right fielder following an injury to Detroit outfielder Chick Shorten. In his rookie season, he ranked among the American League leaders with a .331 batting average (fifth), a .415 on-base percentage (fifth), and a .481 slugging percentage (sixth). Late in the 1919 season, teammate Ty Cobb predicted that Flagstead was "destined to be one of the greatest hitters in the business."

paragraph: In January 1920, Flagstead signed a contract to return to the Tigers. During the 1920 season, he appeared in 110 games, 77 of them as a right fielder. However, his batting average dropped almost 100 points from .331 to .235, and his slugging percentage dropped almost 150 points from .481 to .338.

paragraph: In 1921, the Tigers were loaded with outfielders, including 1921 batting champion Harry Heilmann, Ty Cobb, and Bobby Veach. Detroit's new manager Ty Cobb decided to move Flagstead from right field to the infield, playing him in 55 games at shortstop and eight games at second base. Flagstead improved his batting average to .305, as the 1921 Tigers set American League records with 1,724 hits and a .316 team batting average. However, without pitching to match the level of the batters, the team compiled a 71-82 record and finished sixth in American League.

paragraph: In 1922, the Tigers added shortstop Topper Rigney and outfielder Bob Fothergill, resulting in a further loss of playing time for Flagstead. Flagstead reported in January 1922 that he was considering quitting the game to join his brother in business in Washington. During the 1922 season, Flagstead compiled a .308 batting average with a .411 on-base percentage and .527 slugging percentage, but he appeared in only 44 games, 19 in center field and 11 in right field, and had only 91 at bats.

paragraph: Section::::Professional baseball.:Boston Red Sox.

paragraph: Flagstead reported to the Tigers for spring training in March 1923. However, the Tigers roster of hard-hitting outfielders by then included Cobb, Heilmann, Veach, Heinie Manush and Bob Fothergill. Accordingly, Flagstead was placed on the market and appeared in only a portion of one game during the first week of the Tigers' 1923 season. Finally, on April 28, 1923, the Tigers traded Flagstead to the Boston Red Sox in exchange for Ed Goebel.

paragraph: Flagstead appeared in 109 games for the 1923 Red Sox, 98 of them as the team's starting right fielder, and led all American League outfielders with 31 assists and eight double plays turned. He also compiled a .312 batting average and .380 on-base percentage and hit a career high eight home runs. After the 1923 season, Flagstead received national press coverage for an automobile trip with his wife and brother after picking up a new Buick sedan at the factory in Flint, Michigan, and driving on unpaved, muddy roads to their home in Olympia, Washington.

paragraph: In 1924, Flagstead was moved to center field and started 143 games at the position. That year, he compiled a .307 batting average and .401 on-base percentage and ranked among the American League leaders with 106 runs scored (sixth), 77 bases on balls (eighth), and 11 times hit by a pitch (third). He finished 15th in the balloting for the 1924 American League Most Valuable Player award.

paragraph: Flagstead proved to be an excellent center fielder, with speed, a strong arm, and a reliable glove. In 1925, he started 142 games in center field and led all American League outfielders with a range factor of 3.15 (0.88 points higher than the league average) and 24 assists and ranked third with 429 putouts. Flagstead was considered "a jinx" by Babe Ruth who estimated that Flagstead's play in center field cost him 10 home runs a year.

paragraph: On April 19, 1926 (Patriots' Day in Boston), Flagstead set an American League record, and tied the major league record, by starting three double plays as an outfielder in a single game. He threw out two runners at the plate, began a four-player double play that was scored 8-5-4-2, and also made two catches described as "circus catches".

paragraph: In 1927, he led all American League outfielders with a .986 fielding percentage. He also continues to rank among the all-time major league leaders with 25 double plays turned from center field (32nd), 95 assists from center field (42nd), and a 2.78 career range factor in center field (20th).

paragraph: Though he never matched the batting numbers of his rookie season, Flagstead was a solid hitter for the Red Sox. He compiled batting averages and on-base percentages of .312/.380 in 1923, .307/.401 in 1924, .280/.356 in 1925, .299/.363 in 1926, .285/.374 in 1927 and .290/.366 in 1928. He also scored five runs in a game twice in his career with the Red Sox. He accomplished the feat on May 8, 1925, in a 15-7 victory over the Tigers, and again on August 29, 1927, in a 10-2 victory over the Indians. He was also known for his keen batting eye, totaling 335 bases of balls and only 168 strikeouts during his tenure with the Red Sox. To protect his batting eye, Flagstead did not play cards or read during the baseball season.

paragraph: Flagstead was the most reliable player on the Red Sox teams from 1924 to 1928, and he was voted among the Top 25 in the AL MVP voting in each of those years: #15 in 1924; #7 in 1925; #23 in 1926; #18 in 1927; and #14 in 1928. One newspaper profile described Flagstead's value to the Red Sox as follows:"Flaggy is more than a mere centerfielder. For several years, he has been flanked by rookie or crude gardeners at Fenway field and it has been Ira's voluntary task to try to instill in them some idea of how to play the outfield without wearing a mask and protector to avoid being hit by misjudged fly balls. In fact, Boston writers often referred to him as the 'Sox outfield'."

paragraph: On July 21, 1928, the Red Sox held an "Ira Flagstead Day". In a ceremony before 17,000 fans at Fenway Park, the lieutenant governor of Massachusetts presented Flagstead with $1,000 in gold, a new automobile and other gifts for him and his wife.

paragraph: Section::::Professional baseball.:Washington and Pittsburgh.

paragraph: On May 25, 1929, Flagstead was claimed off waivers by the Washington Senators. He appeared in only 18 games for Washington, compiling a career low .179 batting average in 39 at bats. He was granted an unconditional release by Washington and signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates on July 8, 1929. Pittsburgh manager Donie Bush played with Flagstead in Detroit. He appeared in 26 game for Pittsburgh in 1929 and 44 in 1930, including 36 games in 1930 as a starter at all three outfield positions. He compiled batting averages of .280 in 1929 and .250 in 1930. He appeared in his last major league game on July 29, 1930, and was given his unconditional release on August 9, 1930.

paragraph: In January 1931, Flagstead signed to play with the Portland Beavers of the Pacific Coast League. He played for Portland until being granted his unconditional release on July 21, 1931. After his release by Portland, he signed with the Seattle Indians, also of the PCL, where he concluded his professional baseball career in the last portion of the 1931 season.

paragraph: Section::::Family and later years.

paragraph: Flagstead was married to Reita Tibbetts, and they had a son, Ira, Flagstead, Jr. During his playing career, Flagstead lived in Olympia, Washington, where he fished for salmon and trout in the off-season and raised game roosters and English call ducks.

paragraph: After his professional career ended, Flagstead continued to live in Olympia, where he managed a local baseball team that advanced to the Timber League championship playoffs for three consecutive years.

paragraph: After an illness of several months starting in August 1939, Flagstead died at his home in Olympia at age 46 in March 1940.

paragraph: Flagstead has received numerous posthumous honors including the following:

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1991, he was inducted into the Muskegon Area Sports Hall of Fame;

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2003, he was inducted into the State of Washington Sports Hall of Fame;

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2007, he was selected by a group of Red Sox bloggers as one of the "Top 100 Red Sox" of all time, placing at No. 97. and

paragraph: BULLET::::- On May 19, 2016, he was scheduled to be inducted into the Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Ira Flagstead

wikipedia_title: Ira Flagstead


href: pantomimus Rome Augustus Alexandria Maecenas Pylades%20%28mime%20artist%29 Juvenal Aubrey%20Beardsley Horace Polycrates Anacreon

text:
pantomimus
Rome
Augustus
Alexandria
Maecenas
Pylades
Juvenal
Aubrey Beardsley
Horace
Polycrates
Anacreon

categories: Greek and Roman dancers,Ancient Roman theatre practitioners,Roman Imperial era slaves and freedmen,Roman-era Alexandrians,Pantomime,1st-century BC Romans,1st-century Romans

paragraph: Bathyllus

paragraph: Bathyllus was a dancer/performer of pantomimus in Rome during the period of Augustus. Born in Alexandria, he was the favourite of Maecenas.

paragraph: He is often described with the performer Pylades, who was seen as the epitome of tragic performance, while Bathyllus was seen as the epitome of comedic performance. They were both former slaves and they are both credited with having modernised pantomime in Rome adding different forms of dance which are often described as erotic. Each founded a school and had some political influence in Rome occasionally leading to their supporters clashing in the streets.

paragraph: According to Juvenal, a pantomime named Bathyllus, dancing, provoked Roman matrons to a state of sexual frenzy. Bathyllus appears in the illustrated edition of Juvenal's satire 'Against Women' by Aubrey Beardsley.

paragraph: References to a different, earlier, Bathyllus are found in the writing of Horace (epode 14) who describes him as beloved of Polycrates the Tyrant and the poet, Anacreon, who described him in his 22nd ode.

description: Ancient Roman entertainer

wikidata_label: Bathyllus

wikipedia_title: Bathyllus


text: American

text: Ottawa

text: Legislative Assembly of Ontario

text: Bolton, New York

text: Henry Franklin Bronson

text: Bytown

text: Ottawa

text: District Grammar School

text: New York City

text: Legislative Assembly of Ontario

text: Chaudière Falls

text: 1900 Hull–Ottawa fire

text: Ottawa Hydro

text: Beechwood Cemetery

text: Bronson Avenue

text: Daniel Webster

categories: Ontario Liberal Party MPPs,1920 deaths,1844 births,Canadian businesspeople,Immigrants to the Province of Canada,American emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario

paragraph: Erskine Henry Bronson

paragraph: Erskine Henry Bronson (September 12, 1844 – October 19, 1920) was an American-born Canadian businessman and political figure. He represented the riding of Ottawa in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1886 to 1898.

paragraph: He was born in Bolton, New York in 1844, the son of Henry Franklin Bronson, and came to Bytown with his family in 1853. Bronson was educated in Ottawa at the District Grammar School and New York City. He became a partner in the Bronsons and Weston Lumber Company in 1867 and took control of the company when his father died in 1889.

paragraph: Bronson served on Ottawa City Council from 1872 to 1877 and was a provincial minister in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1886 to 1898. He was also a public school board trustee for 18 years.

paragraph: Bronson was president of the Ottawa Power Company, Limited. This resulted from his efforts to diversify the family business. The power house and power plant at Chaudière Falls which were erected in 1900 following the 1900 Hull–Ottawa fire were owned by this company. Bronson also was responsible for the 1891 construction of Generating Station No. 2 at the falls. He, with Gordon B. Pattee (a lumber baron), formed Standard Electric Light Company. (This company was almost certainly actually called Standard Electric Company of Ottawa (Limited), formed in 1891 with Bronson as president, and Pattee as vice-president, which merged with others into the Ottawa Electric Company in 1894). Bronson was later director of the Ottawa Electric Company later absorbed by Ottawa Hydro.

paragraph: He served as Vice President of Ottawa Electric Company, Vice President of Ottawa Light, Heat and Power Company, Limited and President of Upper Ottawa Improvement Company, Limited. He was also president of "Bronson Company" and president of the Ottawa Carbide Company.

paragraph: Bronson was also noted as a philanthropist, supporting churches, missions and charities.

paragraph: Bronson retired from business in 1910. He died at Ottawa in 1920. He is buried in Beechwood Cemetery. A street in Ottawa, Bronson Avenue is named after him.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Erskine H. Bronson married Ella W. Webster at Norfolk, Va., in 1874. Ella was the daughter of Prof. N. B. Webster, a cousin of the American statesman, Daniel Webster. She was a member of the Ottawa Council of Women since its first organization, and assisted in the establishment of the Associated Charities. She served as President of the Maternity Hospital, Ottawa, when it opened in 1895.

paragraph: Bronson had one son and one daughter.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Canadian men and women of the time : a handbook of Canadian biography", HJ Morgon (1898)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Member's parliamentary history for the Legislative Assembly of Ontario

description: Canadian politician

wikidata_label: Erskine Henry Bronson

wikipedia_title: Erskine Henry Bronson