text: stage name

text: Larry Talbot

text: The Wolf Man

text: crossovers

text: Count Alucard

text: Dracula

text: Frankenstein's monster

text: The Ghost of Frankenstein

text: many Universal horror films

text: Of Mice and Men

text: Man Made Monster

text: English

text: French

text: Irish

text: Oklahoma City

text: Oklahoma Territory

text: Lon Chaney

text: suicide

text: Los Angeles

text: boarding school

text: bit part

text: The Galloping Ghost

text: RKO

text: Girl Crazy

text: The Roadhouse Murder

text: Bird of Paradise

text: The Most Dangerous Game

text: The Last Frontier

text: Lucky Devils

text: Son of the Border

text: Scarlet River

text: The Life of Vergie Winters

text: Mascot Pictures

text: John Wayne

text: The Three Musketeers

text: Sixteen Fathoms Deep

text: Girl o' My Dreams

text: Monogram

text: The Marriage Bargain

text: Universal Studios

text: A Scream in the Night

text: Hold 'Em Yale

text: Accent on Youth

text: Rose Bowl

text: The Shadow of Silk Lennox

text: Republic

text: Gene Autry

text: The Singing Cowboy

text: The Old Corral

text: Undersea Kingdom

text: Ace Drummond

text: Killer at Large

text: Tom Tyler

text: Cheyenne Rides Again

text: Secret Agent X-9

text: Love Is News

text: Midnight Taxi

text: That I May Live

text: This Is My Affair

text: Angel's Holiday

text: Born Reckless

text: Wild and Woolly

text: The Lady Escapes

text: Thin Ice

text: One Mile from Heaven

text: Charlie Chan on Broadway

text: Life Begins in College

text: Wife, Doctor and Nurse

text: Second Honeymoon

text: Checkers

text: Love and Hisses

text: City Girl

text: Happy Landing

text: Sally, Irene and Mary

text: Mr. Moto's Gamble

text: Walking Down Broadway

text: Alexander's Ragtime Band

text: Josette

text: Speed to Burn

text: Passport Husband

text: Straight, Place and Show

text: Submarine Patrol

text: Road Demon

text: Jesse James

text: Charlie Chan in City in Darkness

text: Frontier Marshal

text: Lennie Small

text: Of Mice and Men

text: Wallace Ford

text: Of Mice and Men

text: Hal Roach Studios

text: Quasimodo

text: The Hunchback of Notre Dame

text: Charles Laughton

text: One Million B.C.

text: Victor Mature

text: Cecil B. DeMille

text: North West Mounted Police

text: Billy the Kid

text: He Who Gets Slapped

text: Man-Made Monster

text: Too Many Blondes

text: San Antonio Rose

text: Riders of Death Valley

text: Badlands of Dakota

text: North to the Klondike

text: The Wolf Man

text: Frankenstein

text: typecast

text: The Ghost of Frankenstein

text: Eyes of the Underworld

text: Keeping Fit

text: What We Are Fighting For

text: The Mummy's Tomb

text: Frontier Badmen

text: Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man

text: Son of Dracula

text: Count Dracula

text: Crazy House

text: Calling Dr. Death

text: Inner Sanctum mysteries

text: Weird Woman

text: The Mummy's Ghost

text: Cobra Woman

text: Maria Montez

text: Ghost Catcher

text: Dead Man's Eyes

text: House of Frankenstein

text: The Mummy's Curse

text: Abbott and Costello

text: Here Come the Co-Eds

text: The Frozen Ghost

text: Strange Confession

text: House of Dracula

text: Pillow of Death

text: The Daltons Ride Again

text: My Favorite Brunette

text: Randolph Scott

text: Albuquerque

text: The Counterfeiters

text: 16 Fathoms Deep

text: Monogram Pictures

text: Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein

text: Born Yesterday

text: Captain China

text: Once a Thief

text: Inside Straight

text: Bride of the Gorilla

text: Only the Valiant

text: Behave Yourself!

text: Flame of Araby

text: The Bushwackers

text: Thief of Damascus

text: Battles of Chief Pontiac

text: High Noon

text: Springfield Rifle

text: The Black Castle

text: Raiders of the Seven Seas

text: A Lion Is in the Streets

text: The Boy from Oklahoma

text: Casanova's Big Night

text: Passion

text: The Black Pirates

text: Jivaro

text: Big House, U.S.A.

text: I Died a Thousand Times

text: The Indian Fighter

text: The Black Sleep

text: Indestructible Man

text: Manfish

text: Martin and Lewis

text: Pardners

text: Daniel Boone, Trail Blazer

text: The Cyclops

text: The Alligator People

text: Stanley Kramer

text: High Noon

text: Gary Cooper

text: Not as a Stranger

text: Robert Mitchum

text: Frank Sinatra

text: The Defiant Ones

text: Tony Curtis

text: Sidney Poitier

text: live television version

text: Frankenstein

text: Tales of Tomorrow

text: YouTube

text: The Paley Center for Media

text: New York City

text: Los Angeles

text: baby boomer

text: Shock Theater

text: Famous Monsters of Filmland

text: Ontario, Canada

text: Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans

text: James Fenimore Cooper

text: Man of a Thousand Faces

text: Roger Smith

text: Tombstone Territory

text: Deadwood

text: Rawhide

text: anthology

text: 13 Demon Street

text: Curt Siodmak

text: House of Terror

text: The Devil's Messenger

text: The Haunted Palace

text: Boris Karloff

text: Roger Corman

text: Law of the Lawless

text: Face of the Screaming Werewolf

text: Witchcraft

text: Stage to Thunder Rock

text: Spider Baby

text: Young Fury

text: Black Spurs

text: Town Tamer

text: Johnny Reno

text: Apache Uprising

text: Welcome to Hard Times

text: Buckskin

text: Dr. Terror's Gallery of Horrors

text: Hillbillys in a Haunted House

text: Wagon Train

text: The Monkees

text: A. C. Lyles

text: Paramount

text: Route 66

text: Boris Karloff

text: Peter Lorre

text: Jack Hill

text: Spider Baby

text: throat cancer

text: heart disease

text: Dracula vs. Frankenstein

text: Al Adamson

text: Dr. Frankenstein

text: The Female Bunch

text: The Female Bunch

text: Ron Chaney

text: Evelyn Ankers

text: William Farnum

text: The Mummy's Curse

text: Frank Reicher

text: The Mummy's Ghost

text: Robert Siodmak

text: Robert Stack

text: Broderick Crawford

text: Universal Pictures

text: Palm Springs, California

text: Walk of Stars

text: heart failure

text: San Clemente, California

text: medical research

text: postage stamp

text: The Trap

text: The Galloping Ghost

text: Bird of Paradise

text: The Last Frontier

text: The Black Ghost

text: Lucky Devils

text: Scarlet River

text: The Three Musketeers

text: Son of the Border

text: Sixteen Fathoms Deep

text: The Life of Vergie Winters

text: Girl o' My Dreams

text: The Marriage Bargain

text: Captain Hurricane

text: Hold 'Em Yale

text: Accent on Youth

text: The Shadow of Silk Lennox

text: A Scream in the Night

text: The Singing Cowboy

text: Undersea Kingdom

text: Ace Drummond

text: Killer at Large

text: Rose Bowl

text: The Old Corral

text: Cheyenne Rides Again

text: Love Is News

text: Thin Ice

text: Midnight Taxi

text: Secret Agent X-9

text: That I May Live

text: This Is My Affair

text: Angel's Holiday

text: Slave Ship

text: Born Reckless

text: Wild and Woolly

text: The Lady Escapes

text: One Mile From Heaven

text: Wife, Doctor and Nurse

text: Charlie Chan on Broadway

text: Life Begins in College

text: Second Honeymoon

text: Checkers

text: Love and Hisses

text: City Girl

text: Happy Landing

text: Sally, Irene and Mary

text: Walking Down Broadway

text: Mr. Moto's Gamble

text: Alexander's Ragtime Band

text: Josette

text: Speed to Burn

text: Passport Husband

text: Straight Place and Show

text: Submarine Patrol

text: Road Demon

text: Jesse James

text: Union Pacific

text: Frontier Marshal

text: Charlie Chan in City in Darkness

text: Of Mice and Men

text: One Million B.C.

text: North West Mounted Police

text: Man-Made Monster

text: Too Many Blondes

text: Billy the Kid

text: San Antonio Rose

text: Riders of Death Valley

text: Badlands of Dakota

text: Jack McCall

text: The Wolf Man

text: Larry Talbot

text: North to the Klondike

text: The Ghost of Frankenstein

text: The Monster

text: Eyes of the Underworld

text: The Mummy's Tomb

text: Kharis

text: Keeping Fit

text: Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man

text: What We Are Fighting For

text: Frontier Badmen

text: Crazy House

text: Son of Dracula

text: Count Dracula

text: Calling Dr. Death

text: Weird Woman

text: Follow the Boys

text: Cobra Woman

text: The Ghost Catchers

text: The Mummy's Ghost

text: Dead Man's Eyes

text: House of Frankenstein

text: The Mummy's Curse

text: Here Come The Co-Eds

text: The Frozen Ghost

text: Strange Confession

text: The Daltons Ride Again

text: House of Dracula

text: Pillow of Death

text: Desert Command

text: The Three Musketeers (1933 serial)

text: Laguna U.S.A.

text: My Favorite Brunette

text: Albuquerque

text: The Counterfeiters

text: Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein

text: 16 Fathoms Deep

text: There's a Girl In My Heart

text: Captain China

text: Once a Thief

text: Inside Straight

text: Only the Valiant

text: Behave Yourself!

text: The Bushwhackers

text: Bride of the Gorilla

text: Flame of Araby

text: Thief of Damascus

text: High Noon

text: Springfield Rifle

text: The Black Castle

text: Battles of Chief Pontiac

text: Bandit Island

text: Raiders of the Seven Seas

text: A Lion Is in the Streets

text: Jivaro

text: The Boy from Oklahoma

text: Casanova's Big Night

text: The Big Chase

text: Passion

text: The Black Pirates

text: Big House, U.S.A.

text: The Silver Star

text: Not as a Stranger

text: I Died a Thousand Times

text: The Indian Fighter

text: Manfish

text: Indestructible Man

text: The Black Sleep

text: Pardners

text: Daniel Boone, Trail Blazer

text: The Cyclops

text: The Defiant Ones

text: Money, Women and Guns

text: The Alligator People

text: House of Terror

text: Rebellion in Cuba

text: The Phantom

text: The Devil's Messenger

text: Satan

text: The Haunted Palace

text: Law of the Lawless

text: Witchcraft

text: Stage to Thunder Rock

text: Face of the Screaming Werewolf

text: Young Fury

text: Black Spurs

text: Town Tamer

text: Apache Uprising

text: House of the Black Death

text: Johnny Reno

text: Dr. Terror's Gallery of Horrors

text: The Far Out West

text: Hillbillys in a Haunted House

text: Welcome to Hard Times

text: Spider Baby

text: Buckskin

text: The Fireball Jungle

text: A Stranger in Town

text: The Female Bunch

text: Dracula vs. Frankenstein

text: Versatile Varieties

text: I love Lucy

text: The Red Skelton Show

text: Studio 57

text: Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans

text: Tombstone Territory

text: Rawhide

text: The Texan

text: General Electric Theater

text: 13 Demon Street

text: Border Patrol

text: The Rough Riders

text: Have Gun - Will Travel

text: Johnny Ringo

text: Wagon Train

text: Bat Masterson

text: The Deputy

text: Klondike

text: Stagecoach West

text: Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater

text: Surfside 6

text: Route 66

text: Lawman

text: The Rifleman

text: Empire

text: Pistols 'n' Petticoats

text: The Monkees

text: Official website from Chaney Entertainment

text: Lon Chaney Jr. Informative Biograph

text: Chaney Jr. Applications of Make-Up Through the 1940s–1960s

text: Additional Information on Chaney's Career

text: Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture – Chaney, Lon Jr.

categories: American people of English descent,Male actors from Oklahoma City,American people of French descent,American male film actors,Deaths from cirrhosis,1973 deaths,1906 births

paragraph: Lon Chaney Jr.

paragraph: Creighton Tull Chaney (February10, 1906 – July12, 1973), known by his stage name Lon Chaney Jr., was an American actor known for playing Larry Talbot in the film "The Wolf Man" (1941) and its various crossovers, Count Alucard (Dracula spelled backward), Frankenstein's monster in "The Ghost of Frankenstein" (1942), the Mummy in three pictures, and various other roles in many Universal horror films. He also portrayed Lennie Small in "Of Mice and Men" (1939) and supporting parts in dozens of mainstream movies. Originally referenced in films as Creighton Chaney, he was later credited as "Lon Chaney, Jr." in 1935, and after "Man Made Monster" (1941), beginning as early as "The Wolf Man" later that same year, he was almost always billed under his more famous father's name as Lon Chaney. Chaney had English, French, and Irish ancestry, and his career in movies and television spanned four decades, from 1931 to 1971.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Creighton was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Territory, the son of then stage performer Lon Chaney and Frances Cleveland Creighton Chaney, a singing stage performer who traveled in road shows across the country with Creighton. His parents' troubled marriage ended in divorce in 1913 following his mother's scandalous public suicide attempt in Los Angeles. Young Creighton lived in various homes and boarding schools until 1916, when his father (now employed in the film industry) married Hazel Hastings and could provide a stable home.

paragraph: From an early age, he worked hard to avoid his famous father's shadow. In young adulthood, his father discouraged him from show business, and he attended business college and became successful in a Los Angeles appliance corporation. Creighton, who had begun working for a plumbing company, married Dorothy Hinckley, the daughter of his employer Ralph Hinckley. They had two sons: Lon Ralph Chaney and Ronald Creighton Chaney.

paragraph: Creighton's life changed forever when his father was diagnosed with throat cancer and died on August 26, 1930, at the age of 47. Many articles and biographies over the years report that Creighton was led to believe his mother had died while he was a boy, and was only made aware she lived after his father's death. Creighton always maintained he had a tough childhood.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:As Creighton Chaney.

paragraph: It was only after his father's death that Chaney began to act in films, billed by his own name. He began with an uncredited bit part in the serial "The Galloping Ghost" (1931) and signed a contract with RKO who gave him small roles in a number of films, including "Girl Crazy" (1932), "The Roadhouse Murder" (1932), "Bird of Paradise" (1932), and "The Most Dangerous Game" (1932).

paragraph: RKO gave him the starring role in a serial, "The Last Frontier" (1932). He got bigger film roles in "Lucky Devils" (1933), "Son of the Border" (1933), "Scarlet River" (1933), "The Life of Vergie Winters" (1934). Over at Mascot Pictures he supported John Wayne in a serial, "The Three Musketeers" (1933), which was later re-edited into a film entitled "Desert Command" (1946).

paragraph: "I did every possible bit in pictures" said Chaney later. "Had to do stuntwork to live. I bulldogged steers, fell off and got knocked off cliffs, rode horses and precipes into rivers, drove prairie schooners up and down hills."

paragraph: He had the lead in the independent film "Sixteen Fathoms Deep" (1934) and a small part in "Girl o' My Dreams" (1934) at Monogram. The last film he made as Creighton Chaney was "The Marriage Bargain" (1935) for Screencraft Productions. After this point he was billed as Lon Chaney, Jr. until 1942, when he was often billed, at the insistence of Universal Studios, with his iconic father's name, although the "Jr." was usually added by others to distinguish the two.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:As Lon Chaney Jr.

paragraph: He had the lead in "A Scream in the Night" (1935) made for Commodore Pictures, a horror movie. He played small roles at Paramount: "Hold 'Em Yale" (1935), "Accent on Youth" (1935) and "Rose Bowl" (1936). A small outfit, Ray Kirkwood Productions, gave him a lead, "The Shadow of Silk Lennox" (1935).

paragraph: At Republic he featured alongside Gene Autry in "The Singing Cowboy" (1936) and "The Old Corral" (1937). He was a henchman in a serial for Republic, "Undersea Kingdom" (1936). Universal got him to play a henchman in their serial, "Ace Drummond" (1937) and he was uncredited in Columbia's "Killer at Large" (1937). He leant his name to a cafe which was embroiled in a liquor scandal.

paragraph: Chaney was the main villain in a Tom Tyler B Western, "Cheyenne Rides Again" (1937) and was in a serial, "Secret Agent X-9" (1937).

paragraph: Section::::Career.:20th Century Fox.

paragraph: He signed a contract at 20th Century Fox and appeared in "Love Is News" (1937), "Midnight Taxi" (1937), "That I May Live" (1937), "This Is My Affair" (1937), "Angel's Holiday" (1937), "Born Reckless" (1937), "Wild and Woolly" (1937), "The Lady Escapes" (1937), "Thin Ice" (1937), "One Mile from Heaven" (1937), "Charlie Chan on Broadway" (1938), "Life Begins in College" (1937), "Wife, Doctor and Nurse" (1937), "Second Honeymoon" (1937), "Checkers" (1937), "Love and Hisses" (1938), "City Girl" (1938), "Happy Landing" (1938), "Sally, Irene and Mary" (1938), "Mr. Moto's Gamble" (1938), "Walking Down Broadway" (1938), "Alexander's Ragtime Band" (1938), "Josette" (1938), "Speed to Burn" (1938), "Passport Husband" (1938), "Straight, Place and Show" (1938), "Submarine Patrol" (1938), and "Road Demon" (1939). He was almost killed by a train while filming a bank robbery scene in "Jesse James" (1939).

paragraph: He later made "Charlie Chan in City in Darkness" (1939) and "Frontier Marshal" (1939).

paragraph: Section::::Career.:"Of Mice and Men" (1939).

paragraph: Chaney Jr's only stage appearance had been as Lennie Small in a production of "Of Mice and Men" with Wallace Ford. He was cast in that role in the film "Of Mice and Men" (1939), which was produced by Hal Roach Studios. The film was Chaney Jr's first major role in a film and was a critical success for him. Chaney had a screen test for the role of Quasimodo for the remake of "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" (1939), but the role went to Charles Laughton.

paragraph: Hal Roach used him in his third-billed character role in "One Million B.C." (1940) as Victor Mature's caveman father, Chaney began to be viewed as a character actor in the mold of his father. He had in fact designed a swarthy, ape-like Neanderthal make-up on himself for the film, but production decisions and union rules prevented his following through on emulating his father in that fashion. Cecil B. DeMille used him in a supporting role in "North West Mounted Police" (1940) and MGM used him in "Billy the Kid" (1941). That studio considered putting Chaney Jr in a remake of his father's hit "He Who Gets Slapped" but decided not to make it.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Universal Pictures.

paragraph: Universal Pictures offered Chaney Jr the lead in "Man-Made Monster" (1941), a science-fiction horror thriller originally written with Karloff in mind. Chaney's first horror film, it was successful enough for them to offer him a long-term contract.

paragraph: Universal kept him in supporting roles for a while: a comedy "Too Many Blondes" (1941), a musical "San Antonio Rose" (1941), a serial "Riders of Death Valley" (1941), the Western "Badlands of Dakota" (1941) and the "Northern" "North to the Klondike" (1942).

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Horror Film Star: The Wolf Man, The Mummy, Inner Sanctum.

paragraph: Chaney was then given the title role in "The Wolf Man" (1941) for Universal, a role which, much like Karloff's Frankenstein monster, would largely typecast Chaney as a horror film actor for the rest of his life.

paragraph: Chaney Jr was now an official horror star, and Universal gave him the role of Frankenstein's Monster in "The Ghost of Frankenstein" (1942) when Karloff decided not to play the part again. He was in a crime film, "Eyes of the Underworld" (1942) and the wartime shorts "Keeping Fit" (1942) and "What We Are Fighting For" (1943).

paragraph: Chaney Jr played Kharis the Mummy in "The Mummy's Tomb" (1942), another hit. He was in a Western "Frontier Badmen" (1943), then reprised his role as the Wolf Man in "Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man" (1943).

paragraph: Chaney was given the role of Dracula in "Son of Dracula" (1943). This made him the only actor to portray all four of Universal's major horror characters: the Wolf Man, Frankenstein's Monster, the Mummy, and Count Dracula.

paragraph: After a cameo in "Crazy House" (1943) he was given the lead in "Calling Dr. Death" (1943), based on the Inner Sanctum mysteries. It kicked off another series starring Chaney, the first of which was "Weird Woman" (1944).

paragraph: He made a second mummy movie, "The Mummy's Ghost" (1944) and had a support part in "Cobra Woman" (1944), starring Maria Montez and "Ghost Catcher" (1944), with Ole and Johnson.

paragraph: "Dead Man's Eyes" (1944) was the third Inner Sanctum, after which he was back as the Wolf Man in "House of Frankenstein" (1944). "The Mummy's Curse" (1944) was Chaney's third and final appearance as Kharis.

paragraph: He had a small role in an Abbott and Costello comedy "Here Come the Co-Eds" (1945), then made more Inner Sanctums: "The Frozen Ghost" (1945) and "Strange Confession" (1945). He returned as the Wolf Man in "House of Dracula" (1945), one of the last of the Universal horror cycle. "Pillow of Death" (1945) was the last Inner Sanctum. "The Daltons Ride Again" (1945) was a Western.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Leaving Universal.

paragraph: Despite being typecast as the Wolf Man, the 6-foot 2-inch, 220 pound actor managed to carve out a secondary niche as a supporting actor and villain.

paragraph: He was in a Bob Hope comedy "My Favorite Brunette" (1947), supported Randolph Scott in "Albuquerque" (1948) and had a support in "The Counterfeiters" (1948) and played a villain in "16 Fathoms Deep" (1948) for Monogram Pictures, a remake of his 1934 film.

paragraph: He reprised his Wolf Man role to great effect in "Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein" (1948) but it did not cause a notable boost to his career. In April 1948 Chaney went to hospital after taking an overdose of sleeping pills.

paragraph: He recovered and played Harry Brock in a Los Angeles theatre production of "Born Yesterday" in 1949.

paragraph: Chaney kept busy in support roles: "Captain China" (1950), "Once a Thief" (1950), "Inside Straight" (1951), "Bride of the Gorilla" (1951), "Only the Valiant" (1951), "Behave Yourself!" (1951), "Flame of Araby" (1952), "The Bushwackers" (1952), "Thief of Damascus" (1952), "Battles of Chief Pontiac" (1952) (in the title role), "High Noon" (1952), "Springfield Rifle" (1952), "The Black Castle" (1952) (a return to horror), "Raiders of the Seven Seas" (1953), "A Lion Is in the Streets" (1953), "The Boy from Oklahoma" (1954), "Casanova's Big Night" (1954), "Passion" (1954), "The Black Pirates" (1954), "Jivaro" (1955), "Big House, U.S.A." (1955), "I Died a Thousand Times" (1955), "The Indian Fighter" (1955), and "The Black Sleep" (1956)

paragraph: He had a leading role in "Indestructible Man" (1956) then was back to support parts: "Manfish" (1956); a Martin and Lewis comedy, "Pardners" (1956); "Daniel Boone, Trail Blazer" (1957); "The Cyclops" (1957) and "The Alligator People" (1959).

paragraph: Chaney established himself as a favorite of producer Stanley Kramer; in addition to playing a key supporting role in "High Noon" (1952) (starring Gary Cooper), he also appeared in "Not as a Stranger" (1955)—a hospital melodrama featuring Robert Mitchum and Frank Sinatra—and "The Defiant Ones" (1958, starring Tony Curtis and Sidney Poitier). Kramer told the press at the time that whenever a script came in with a role too difficult for most actors in Hollywood, he called Chaney.

paragraph: One of his best known roles was a 1952 live television version of "Frankenstein" on the anthology series "Tales of Tomorrow" for which he allegedly showed up drunk, though that contention is unsubstantiated. During the live broadcast, Chaney, playing the Monster, apparently thought it was just a rehearsal and he would pick up furniture that he was supposed to break, only to gingerly put it back down while muttering, "I saved it for you." A kinescope of the January 18, 1952 broadcast is available on DVD, YouTube, and also open to the public for viewing at The Paley Center for Media in New York City and Los Angeles.

paragraph: He became quite popular with baby boomers after Universal released its back catalog of horror films to television in 1957 ("Shock Theater") and "Famous Monsters of Filmland" magazine regularly focused on his films.

paragraph: In 1957, Chaney went to Ontario, Canada, to costar in the first ever American-Canadian television production, as Chingachgook in "Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans", suggested by James Fenimore Cooper's stories. The series ended after 39 episodes. Universal released their film biography of his father, "Man of a Thousand Faces" (1957), featuring a semi-fictionalized version of Creighton's life story from his birth up until his father's death. Roger Smith was cast as Creighton as a young adult.

paragraph: He appeared in an episode of the western series "Tombstone Territory" titled "The Black Marshal from Deadwood" (1958), and appeared in numerous western series such as "Rawhide". He also hosted the 13-episode television anthology series "13 Demon Street" in 1959, which was created by Curt Siodmak.

paragraph: In the 1960s, Chaney specialised in horror films, such as "House of Terror" (1960), "The Devil's Messenger" (1961) and "The Haunted Palace" (1963), replacing Boris Karloff in the latter for Roger Corman.

paragraph: He was in a Western "Law of the Lawless" (1963), "Face of the Screaming Werewolf" (1964), "Witchcraft" (1964), and "Stage to Thunder Rock" (1964).

paragraph: He had one of his best later roles in "Spider Baby", made in 1964 but not released until 1968. Then it was back to Westerns - "Young Fury" (1965), "Black Spurs" (1965), "Town Tamer" (1966), "Johnny Reno" (1967), "Apache Uprising" (1967), "Welcome to Hard Times" (1967) and "Buckskin" (1968). There was also horror, such as "Dr. Terror's Gallery of Horrors" (1967) and "Hillbillys in a Haunted House" (1967).

paragraph: His bread-and-butter work during this decade was television – where he made guest appearances on everything from "Wagon Train" to "The Monkees" – and in a string of supporting roles in low-budget Westerns produced by A. C. Lyles for Paramount. In 1962, Chaney gained a chance to briefly play Quasimodo in a simulacrum of his father's make-up, as well as return to his roles of the Mummy and the Wolf Man on the television series "Route 66" with friends Boris Karloff and Peter Lorre. During this era, he starred in Jack Hill's "Spider Baby" (filmed 1964, released 1968), for which he also sang the title song.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Final films.

paragraph: In later years, he suffered from throat cancer and chronic heart disease among other ailments after decades of heavy drinking and smoking. In his final horror film, "Dracula vs. Frankenstein" (1971), directed by Al Adamson, he played Groton, Dr. Frankenstein's mute henchman. He filmed his part in the spring of 1969, and shortly thereafter performed his final film role, also for Adamson in 1969 in "The Female Bunch". Chaney had lines in "The Female Bunch" but his hoarse, raspy voice was virtually unrecognizable. Due to illness he retired from acting to concentrate on a book about the Chaney family legacy, "A Century of Chaneys", which remains to date unpublished in any form. His grandson, Ron Chaney, was working on completing this project.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Chaney was married twice. His first wife Dorothy divorced him in 1936 for drinking too much and being "sullen". He remarried in 1937. He had two sons by his first wife, Lon Ralph Chaney (born July 3, 1928) and Ronald Creighton Chaney (born March 18, 1930), both now deceased.

paragraph: Chaney was well liked by some co-workers – "sweet" is the adjective that most commonly emerges from those who acted with, and liked him – yet he was capable of intense dislikes. For instance, he and frequent co-star Evelyn Ankers did not get along at all despite their on-camera chemistry. He was also known to befriend younger actors and stand up for older ones who Chaney felt were belittled by the studios. One example was that of William Farnum, a major silent star who played a bit part in "The Mummy's Curse". According to co-star Peter Coe, Chaney demanded that Farnum be given his own chair on the set and be treated with respect, or else he would walk off the picture.

paragraph: Chaney had run-ins with actor Frank Reicher (whom he nearly strangled on camera in "The Mummy's Ghost") and director Robert Siodmak (over whose head Chaney broke a vase).

paragraph: Actor Robert Stack claimed in his 1980 autobiography that Chaney and drinking buddy Broderick Crawford were known as "the monsters" around the Universal Pictures lot because of their drunken behavior that frequently resulted in bloodshed.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Honors.

paragraph: In 1999, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to him.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Chaney died of heart failure at age 67 on July 12, 1973, in San Clemente, California. His body was donated for medical research.

paragraph: He was honored by appearing as the Wolf Man on one of a 1997 series of United States postage stamps depicting movie monsters. His grandson Ron Chaney Jr. has frequently appeared as a guest at horror movie conventions.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: This is a list of known Lon Chaney Jr. theatrical films broken down by decade. Television appearances are listed separately.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Trap" (1922) as Hands of a Boy (uncredited) (Hand only)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Galloping Ghost" (1931) as Henchman (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bird of Paradise" (1932) as Thornton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Last Frontier" (1932) as Tom Kirby, aka The Black Ghost

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Black Ghost" (1932) as Tom Kirby, alias 'The Black Ghost' (archive footage)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lucky Devils" (1933) as Frankie Wilde

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scarlet River" (1933) as Jeff Todd

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Three Musketeers" (1933) as Armand Corday [Chs. 1, 10]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Son of the Border" (1933) as Jack Breen

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sixteen Fathoms Deep" (1934) as Joe Bethel

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Life of Vergie Winters" (1934) as Hugo McQueen

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Girl o' My Dreams" (1934) as Don Cooper

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Marriage Bargain" (1935) as Bob Gordon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Captain Hurricane" (1935) as Dave (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hold 'Em Yale" (1935) as Yale Football Player (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Accent on Youth" (1935) as Chuck

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Shadow of Silk Lennox" (1935) as John Arthur 'Silk' Lennox

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Scream in the Night" (1935) as Jack Wilson / Butch Curtain

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Singing Cowboy" (1936) as Martin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Undersea Kingdom" (1936) as Hakur

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ace Drummond" (1936) as Henchman Ivan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Killer at Large" (1936) as Second Coffin Man (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rose Bowl" (1936) as Sierra Football Player (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Old Corral" (1936) as Garland - Simms' Partner

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cheyenne Rides Again" (1937) as Girard

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love Is News" (1937) as Newsman (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thin Ice" (1937) as American Reporter (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Midnight Taxi" (1937) as Detective Erickson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Secret Agent X-9" (1937) as Maroni

paragraph: BULLET::::- "That I May Live" (1937) as Engineer (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This Is My Affair" (1937) as Federal Agent in Baltimore Bank (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Angel's Holiday" (1937) as Eddie

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Slave Ship" (1937) as Laborer Killed at Launching (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Born Reckless" (1937) as Garage Mechanic (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wild and Woolly" (1937) as Dutch

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lady Escapes" (1937) as Reporter (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "One Mile From Heaven" (1937) as Policeman at Woodman's Hall (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wife, Doctor and Nurse" (1937) as Chauffeur Scott

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charlie Chan on Broadway" (1937) as Desk Reporter (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Life Begins in College" (1937) as Gilks

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Second Honeymoon" (1937) as Reporter (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Checkers" (1937) as Man at Racetrack (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love and Hisses" (1937) as Attendant (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "City Girl" (1938) as Gangster (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Happy Landing" (1938) as Newspaper Reporter (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sally, Irene and Mary" (1938) as Policeman with Club (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Walking Down Broadway" (1938) as Delivery Man (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mr. Moto's Gamble" (1938) as Joey

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alexander's Ragtime Band" (1938) as Photographer on Stage (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Josette" (1938) as Boatman

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Speed to Burn" (1938) as Racetrack Mug

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Passport Husband" (1938) as Bull

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Straight Place and Show" (1938) as Martin (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Submarine Patrol" (1938) as Marine Sentry (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Road Demon" (1938) as Bud Casey

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jesse James" (1939) as One of James Gang

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Union Pacific" (1939) as Dollarhide

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Frontier Marshal" (1939) as Pringle

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charlie Chan in City in Darkness" (1939) as Pierre

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Of Mice and Men" (1939) as Lennie Small

paragraph: BULLET::::- "One Million B.C." (1940) as Akhoba

paragraph: BULLET::::- "North West Mounted Police" (1940) as Shorty

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Man-Made Monster" (1941) as Dan McCormick

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Too Many Blondes" (1941) as Marvin Gimble

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Billy the Kid" (1941) as 'Spike' Hudson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "San Antonio Rose" (1941) as Jigsaw Kennedy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Riders of Death Valley" (1941) as Henchman Butch

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Badlands of Dakota" (1941) as Jack McCall

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Wolf Man" (1941) as Larry Talbot - The Wolf Man

paragraph: BULLET::::- "North to the Klondike" (1941) as Nate Carson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ghost of Frankenstein" (1942) as The Monster

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Overland Mail" (1942) as Jim Lane

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eyes of the Underworld" (1942) as Benny

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mummy's Tomb" (1942) as The Mummy - Kharis

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Keeping Fit" (1942, Short) as Lon - Factory Worker

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man" (1943) as The Wolf Man - Lawrence Talbot

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What We Are Fighting For" (1943, Short) as Bill Wallace

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Frontier Badmen" (1943) as Chango

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Crazy House" (1943) as Himself (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Son of Dracula" (1943) as Count Dracula

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Calling Dr. Death" (1943) as Doctor Mark Steele

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Weird Woman" (1944) as Norman Reed

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Follow the Boys" (1944) as Himself (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cobra Woman" (1944) as Hava

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ghost Catchers" (1944) as Bear

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mummy's Ghost" (1944) as Kharis

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dead Man's Eyes" (1944) as Dave Stuart

paragraph: BULLET::::- "House of Frankenstein" (1944) as Larry Talbot

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mummy's Curse" (1944) as Mummy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Here Come The Co-Eds" (1945) as Johnson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Frozen Ghost" (1945) as Alex Gregor / Gregor the Great

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Strange Confession" (1945) as Jeff

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Daltons Ride Again" (1945) as Grat Dalton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "House of Dracula" (1945) as Lawrence Talbot / The Wolf Man

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pillow of Death" (1945) as Wayne Fletcher

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Desert Command" (1946) as Lt. Armand Corday (in footage from The Three Musketeers (1933 serial))

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Laguna U.S.A." (1947) as Himself (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Favorite Brunette" (1947) as Willie

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Albuquerque" (1948) as Steve Murkill

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Counterfeiters" (1948) as Louie Struber

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein" (1948) as Lawrence Talbot

paragraph: BULLET::::- "16 Fathoms Deep" (1948) as Mr. Demitri

paragraph: BULLET::::- "There's a Girl In My Heart" (1950) as Johnny Colton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Captain China" (1950) as Red Lynch

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Once a Thief" (1950) as Gus

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Inside Straight" (1951) as Shocker / Schockovitz Ninkovitch

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Only the Valiant" (1951) as Trooper Kebussyan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Behave Yourself!" (1951) as Pinky

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bushwhackers" (1951) as Artemus Taylor

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bride of the Gorilla" (1951) as Police Commissioner Taro

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flame of Araby" (1951) as Borka Barbarossa

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thief of Damascus" (1952) as Sinbad

paragraph: BULLET::::- "High Noon" (1952) as Martin Howe

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Springfield Rifle" (1952) as Pete Elm

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Black Castle" (1952) as Gargon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Battles of Chief Pontiac" (1952) as Chief Pontiac

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bandit Island" (1953, Short) as Kip

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Raiders of the Seven Seas" (1953) as Peg Leg

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Lion Is in the Streets" (1953) as Spurge McManamee

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jivaro" (1954) as Pedro Martines

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Boy from Oklahoma" (1954) as Crazy Charlie

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Casanova's Big Night" (1954) as Emo the Murderer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Big Chase" (1954) as Kip

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Passion" (1954) as Castro

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Black Pirates" (1954) as Padre Felipe

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Big House, U.S.A." (1955) as Alamo Smith

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Silver Star" (1955) as John W. Harmon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Not as a Stranger" (1955) as Job Marsh

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Died a Thousand Times" (1955) as Big Mac

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Indian Fighter" (1955) as Chivington

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Manfish" (1956) as 'Swede'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Indestructible Man" (1956) as Charles 'Butcher' Benton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Black Sleep" (1956) as Mungo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pardners" (1956) as Whitey

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daniel Boone, Trail Blazer" (1956) as Blackfish

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cyclops" (1957) as Martin 'Marty' Melville

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Defiant Ones" (1958) as Big Sam

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Money, Women and Guns" (1958) as Art Birdwell

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Alligator People" (1959) as Manon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "House of Terror" (1960) as La Momia / El Hombre Lobo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rebellion in Cuba" (1961) as Gordo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Phantom" (1961, TV Movie) as Jed

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Devil's Messenger" (1961) as Satan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Haunted Palace" (1963) as Simon Orne

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Law of the Lawless" (1964) as Tiny

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Witchcraft" (1964) as Morgan Whitlock

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stage to Thunder Rock" (1964) as Henry Parker

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Face of the Screaming Werewolf" (1964) as The Mummified Werewolf

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Young Fury" (1965) as Bartender, Ace

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Spurs" (1965) as Gus Kile

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Town Tamer" (1965) as Mayor Charlie Leach

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Apache Uprising" (1965) as Charlie Russell

paragraph: BULLET::::- "House of the Black Death" (1965) as Belial Desard

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Johnny Reno" (1966) as Sheriff Hodges

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dr. Terror's Gallery of Horrors" (1967) as Dr. Mendell

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Far Out West" (1967) as Chief Eagle Shadow (archive footage)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hillbillys in a Haunted House" (1967) as Maximillian

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Welcome to Hard Times" (1967) as Avery

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spider Baby" (1968) as Bruno

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Buckskin" (1968) as Sheriff Tangley

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fireball Jungle" (1968) as Sammy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Stranger in Town" (1969, TV Movie) as Doc Whitaker

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Female Bunch" (1971) as Monti

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dracula vs. Frankenstein" (1971) as Groton (final film role)

paragraph: Section::::Selected television appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Versatile Varieties" (1949–1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I love Lucy" as a poker player friend of Ricky and Fred. "Be a Pal" episode (1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Red Skelton Show", five episodes (1954–1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Studio 57" as Jubal Pickett in "The Ballad of Jubal Pickett" (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans" (1957) Chaney was a regular on this television series, portraying the role of Chingachgook

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Along the Mohawk Trail" (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Redmen and the Renegades" (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Pathfinder and the Mohican" (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tombstone Territory" as Marshal Daggett in "The Black Marshal from Deadwood" (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rawhide" as Jesse Children in "Incident on the Edge of Madness (1959) and as Rock in "Incident at Spider Rock" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Texan" as Wylie Ames in "No Love Wasted" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "General Electric Theater" as Bucknell in "The Family Man" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "13 Demon Street", host of horror anthology series (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Border Patrol" as a racketeer in "The Homecoming" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" as Sheriff Lon Paulson in "The Empty Cell" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rough Riders" as Ben "Pa" Hawkins in "An Eye for an Eye" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Have Gun - Will Travel", two episodes, 1959 and 1963

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Johnny Ringo" as Ben Rafferty in "The Raffertys" (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wagon Train", two episodes (1960–1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bat Masterson" as Rance Fletcher in "Bat Trap" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Deputy" as Tom Arnold in "Brother in Arms" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Klondike" as Macfin in "The Hostages" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stagecoach West" as Ben Wait in "Not in Our Stars" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater" as Michael Peters in "A Warm Day in Heaven" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Surfside 6" as Tank Grosch in "Witness for the Defense" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Route 66", three episodes (1961–1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lawman" as Jess Bridges in "The Tarnished Badge" (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rifleman" as Charlie Gordo in "Gunfire" (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Empire" as Bart Howe in "Hidden Asset" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pistols 'n' Petticoats" as Chief Eagle Shadow, four episodes (1966–1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Monkees" as Lenny in "Monkees in A Ghost Town" (1966)

paragraph: Section::::Select radio credits.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Inner Sanctum" - "Ring of Doom" (1943)

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lon Chaney Jr, Horror Film Star, 1906–1973" (1996)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website from Chaney Entertainment

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lon Chaney Jr. Informative Biograph

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chaney Jr. Applications of Make-Up Through the 1940s–1960s

paragraph: BULLET::::- Additional Information on Chaney's Career

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture – Chaney, Lon Jr.

alias:
Creighton Tull Chaney
Lon Chaney

description: son of famous silent film actor Lon Chaney, was an American actor

wikidata_label: Lon Chaney Jr.

wikipedia_title: Lon Chaney Jr.


text: KT

text: PC

text: FRS

text: British

text: Neil Primrose, 3rd Earl of Rosebery

text: Pembroke College, Cambridge

text: MA

text: Member of Parliament

text: Helston

text: Cashel

text: Peerage of the United Kingdom

text: Privy Counsellor

text: Knight of the Thistle

text: Fellow of the Royal Society

text: Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

text: Archibald John Primrose, Lord Dalmeny

text: Bouverie Francis Primrose

text: FRSE

categories: Earls of Rosebery,Whig (British political party) MPs,UK MPs 1802–1806,1868 deaths,Lord-Lieutenants of West Lothian,Scottish representative peers,Fellows of the Royal Society,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Cornwall,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,1783 births,UK MPs 1806–1807,Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Tipperary constituencies (1801–1922),Knights of the Thistle

paragraph: Archibald Primrose, 4th Earl of Rosebery

paragraph: Archibald John Primrose, 4th Earl of Rosebery, KT, PC, FRS (14 October 1783 – 4 March 1868), styled Viscount Primrose until 1814, was a British politician.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of Neil Primrose, 3rd Earl of Rosebery, and his second wife, Mary Vincent. Primrose was educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge, gaining his MA in 1804. He was Member of Parliament for Helston from 1805 to 1806 and Cashel from 1806 to 1807.

paragraph: He succeeded to the earldom in 1814, and was created Baron Rosebery, of Rosebery in the County of Edinburgh, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, in 1828. He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1831 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1840. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society.

paragraph: He was the grandfather of Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1894 to 1895.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lord Rosbery married firstly Harriett Bouverie in 1808. They had four children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archibald John Primrose, Lord Dalmeny (1809–1851)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Harriet Primrose (born 1810)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Mary Anne Primrose (1812–1826)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Bouverie Francis Primrose FRSE (1813–1898)

paragraph: Lord and Lady Rosebery were divorced in 1815. He married secondly Anne Margaret Anson in 1819. They had two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Anne Primrose (22 Aug 1820-17 Sept 1862).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Louisa Primrose1 (4 May 1822–23 Mar 1870).

description: British politician


text:
English
KMFDM
Luton
England
Felixstowe
Suffolk
UK Subs
Stiff Little Fingers
EPs
Asterix
Animaniacs
Toy Dolls
The Yo-Yos
Danny McCormack
The Wildhearts
Raymond Watts
Dwarves
Ayumi Hamasaki
"Talkin' 2 Myself" and "Decision"
Genitorturers
Jules Hodgson

categories: Dwarves (band) members,English drummers,KMFDM members,British male drummers,1970 births,Living people

paragraph: Andy Selway

paragraph: Andy Selway is an English musician, most well known for his work with KMFDM.

paragraph: Selway spent his early years in Luton, England, but moved to Kirton near Felixstowe in Suffolk where he remained until his early 20s. From a musical family, he is the eldest of three brothers, the other two being proficient bass (Danny) and brass (Ricky) players.

paragraph: He joined 'Big Boy Tomato' which enjoyed a fair amount of success in North and West London, and their 'New Wave of New Wave' sound saw them supporting bands like UK Subs and Stiff Little Fingers. The Tomatoes managed a couple of EPs, including 'Acton Baby' and the four track CD 'Hormones and Hangovers.' The Tomatoes split in the early 1990s, and a splinter group emerged. Sugar Snatch took inspiration for their songs from cartoons, namely Asterix and Animaniacs. One album, "Mad Cows and Englishmen" was released amidst much touring of the UK and Europe, often playing the supporting slot to Toy Dolls. Seeming going nowhere, the band split, though two of the 'Snatches went on to form 'The Yo-Yos', a punkabilly band formed by Danny McCormack after the 1997 split of The Wildhearts. Although signed and promoted heavily, the band never really took off, and they too split after recording a debut album.

paragraph: All this while, Andy had been working with Raymond Watts (also known as PIG) and toured Japan with the band. Realizing that he wasn't going to get the gigs he needed if he stayed in London, he moved to America where his working partnership with Watts led to his inclusion in the lineup of KMFDM. He occasionally performs with punk band Dwarves under the alias "Dutch Ovens".

paragraph: In late 2007, Selway played the drums for the Seattle rock band, DragStrip Riot and Japanese Pop Star Ayumi Hamasaki in her songs "Talkin' 2 Myself" and "Decision".

paragraph: In 2008, he went on tour with Genitorturers. In 2009 he toured with his (and KMFDM bandmate Jules Hodgson's) new band, The Spittin' Cobras.

paragraph: Andy resides in West Palm Beach with his wife, Christee Carter, and son.

description: drummer

wikidata_label: Andy Selway

wikipedia_title: Andy Selway


text: Nevers

text: World War II

text: Lviv

text: Ternopil

text: Galicia

text: Western Ukraine

text: the Austro-Hungarian empire

text: interwar period

text: Poland

text: First World War

text: the nearby university

text: Winna Góra

text: Poznań

text: Bruges

text: Belgium

text: war arrived

text: west

text: east

text: Winna Góra

text: Geneva Conventions

text: Gestapo

text: Winna Góra

text: Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel

text: Italy

text: Kutno

text: Warsaw

text: Germans

text: captured

text: Warsaw

text: Teresa Łubieńska

text: Zbawiciela Square

text: anti-Nazi grouping

text: Polish nobility

text: France

text: Britain

text: British intelligence

text: resistance activists

text: Milan

text: German invasion of France

text: British intelligence

text: overran northern France

text: Island of Noirmoutier

text: Saint-Nazaire

text: Type VII submarine

text: Saint-Nazaire submarine base

text: occupied Poland

text: Noirmoutier

text: German High Command

text: German High Command

text: Saint-Nazaire naval base

text: Gestapo

text: Nantes

text: Elizabeth Arden

text: Nantes

text: Paris

text: Island of Noirmoutier

text: Great War

text: under the Kaiser

text: British

text: German intelligence

text: Berlin

text: Foreign Ministry

text: Berlin

text: Teresa Łubieńska

text: French invasion in May 1940

text: be invading the Soviet Union

text: Napoleon

text: Rudolf "Dolf" von Scheliha

text: Dolf von Scheliha

text: French

text: Tiergarten (zoo park)

text: German intelligence

text: the Foreign Ministry

text: imminent invasion the Soviet Union

text: Soviet Union

text: Dolf von Scheliha

text: the extermination of Europe's Jews

text: Warsaw

text: Treblinka

text: Wannsee Conference

text: Holocaust

text: German intelligence

text: National Socialist

text: Switzerland

text: Foreign Ministry

text: Warsaw

text: German intelligence

text: Teresa Łubieńska

text: British intelligence

text: Gestapo

text: German intelligence services

text: German intelligence

text: British intelligence

text: the "Dwójka"

text: Polish government-in-exile

text: Great Britain

text: England

text: German intelligence (""Abwehr"")

text: General Sikorski

text: Polish government-in-exile

text: Warsaw

text: the "Dwójka"

text: Nazis

text: Holocaust

text: Shoa

text: Dolf von Scheliha

text: Abwehr

text: Cousin Teresa's

text: Abwehr

text: General Sikorski

text: St. Nazaire

text: British intelligence officer

text: Wilhelm Canaris

text: German military intelligence

text: National Socialist Germany

text: Halina Szymańska

text: Wilhelm Canaris

text: London

text: Reuters

text: Abwehr

text: British intelligence services

text: General Sikorski

text: Nice

text: "Vichy"

text: Ju 52

text: Nice

text: Vichy France

text: Polish government in exile

text: Sikorski

text: Sosnkowski

text: Poland

text: the allies

text: German intelligence

text: German intelligence

text: Wilhelm Canaris

text: Polish government in exile

text: Abwehr (German) agent

text: General Sosnkowski

text: Polish government in exile

text: General Sikorski

text: Polish Government in exile

text: Armia Krajowa (""Home Army"")

text: British Inelligence

text: AK (Polish resistance)

text: Gestapo

text: Teresa Łubieńska

text: Britain

text: Edinburgh

text: Polish government in exile

text: Congo

text: Élisabethville (as it was then known)

text: Lyon

text: President Herzog

text: Michel Poniatowski

text: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung

text: Sermoise

text: Nevers

categories: 1910 births,Polish intelligence officers (1943–90),Recipients of the National Order of Merit (France),Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany,Polish resistance members of World War II

paragraph: Klementyna Mankowska

paragraph: Klementyna Mankowska (born Klementyna Czarkowska-Golejewska on August 1, 1910; died January 4, 2003 in the Château Sermoise, Nevers) was a member of the Polish resistance and agent of Polish and British intelligence services during World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Provenance and early years.

paragraph: Klementyna Maria Czarkowska-Golejewska was born into a local land owning family in , a small settlement between Lviv and Ternopil in Galicia. This is the where she grew up on her father's family estate, which she later described as "a paradise". Since 1945 the region has been part of Western Ukraine, but at the time of her birth it was part of the Austro-Hungarian empire. During the interwar period it was part of Poland which had been restored to independence after the First World War. Klementyna was the second daughter of by his marriage to Izabela Jaxa-Małachowska (1885-1958). She herself married at the start of 1933. She and her husband were both 23 when they married, and her husband, Count Andrzej Mankowski (1910-2001) was still completing his university studies of law and economics at the nearby university. For Klementyna the marriage meant moving away from her own family, to live in the western part of Poland. Andrzej was content to entrust the management of at Winna Góra near Poznań to his young wife. By 1939 they were living there with their two sons. The family were well connected both in Poland and internationally. Andrzej Mankowski had attended the international at Bruges in Belgium between 1922 and 1928, and the staff on the family estate included a German nanny called Teta who took care of the boys.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:War.

paragraph: Early in September 1939 war arrived from the west and, sixteen days later, from the east. An early taste of war came to Winna Góra later that month when Lieutenant Andrzej Mańkowski (as her husband had by now become) was seriously shot and for the time being immobilised by his own subordinates because he had angrily upbraided a group of Polish soldiers for mistreating a captured German officer in ways that would have offended his own conscience and breached the Geneva Conventions. The German prisoner had been stabbed in the eye with a bayonet. At this stage they were playing host to two "old school" German officers who had arrived on a couple of motor bikes six days after the launch of the German invasion, and who were surprised to find Klementyna Mankowska and her children ensconced in the castle. Others, elsewhere in the area, had already fled. Beyond the estate, the village was deserted. The officers assured the Mańkowskis they would need only one of the three floors of the castle, modestly furnished. There are powerful indications of a brief but intense romance involving one of them. A month later the Gestapo arrived and the family were thrown out of their Winna Góra. The castle had been selected as a present/trophy for Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel.

paragraph: One of the German officers, Harold von Hoepfner, proposed a joint trip to Italy in order to protect Klementyna. However, her husband had been badly injured when shot by a Polish soldier under his command, and was still critically ill, by now in a hospital somewhere near Kutno. She turned down von Hoepfner's invitation: "I do not think the Wehrmacht officer would want me to give up, for him, a man who stood up heroically in defence of the German soldier" Klementyna had resolved to stay with Andrzej, but there was no longer any place for them in their home they moved with their children to Warsaw where they stayed with the ballerina , a family friend. In early October 1939, the Germans captured Warsaw and the Mankowskis moved on to stay with a cousin, Teresa Łubieńska whose spacious apartment home at "ulicy 6 sierpnia" (""6 Sierpnia Street"") in the city centre, close to Zbawiciela Square, had become a refuge for well-connected Poles dispossessed by the war. It pulsated with social gatherings. But it quickly became clear that the men who arrived at Cousin Terrsea's apartment several evenings each week were not simply party goers. They were members of a newly formed anti-Nazi grouping known as the "Muszkieterowie" (""Musketeers""), identified variously as a "resistance group" (""Widerstandsgruppe "") or as an "intelligence organisation" (""Nachrichtendienstorganisation"").

paragraph: The "Muszkieterowie" recruited mainly from the Polish nobility. Klementyna Mankowska joined. She was a talented linguists and her activities were focused on "courier services": she smuggled documents, microfilms and messages concealed in rolls of toilet paper to France and Britain. However, that was very far from the full extent of her involvement. The "Muszkieterowie" were led by an engineer-entrepreneur believed to have had long standing connections with British intelligence. Details of his contacts are uncertain and remain, eighty years later, controversial: they were conducted independently of the (till June 1940 Paris based) Polish government in exile, and British public archives covering the relationship remain firmly closed to researchers. very soon recognised Mankowska's potential and put her in touch with resistance activists Aleksander Wielkopolski and Karol Anders. After this she was included in discussions on the importance of surveillance and of setting up an espionage network. One incident, in particular, convinced Wielkopolski of Mankowska's talent for espionage. The high-ranking German officer Harold von Hoepfner, returning from Milan, turned up unexpectedly in Warsaw to see Klementyna Mankowska. He arrived, en route to Berlin, with flowers, wine and cheesecake. Listening from an adjacent broom cupboard, Witkowski and Wielkopolski were amazed to hear the brazen combination of grace and charm that Mankowska applied to extracting information from her German friend about an end to the "Sitzkrieg" in the west, and the forthcoming German invasion of France. (They may or may not have been aware already that von Hoepfner and Mankowska had almost certainly, briefly, been lovers during the early weeks of the war.) The German officer's information had been precise in respect of dates, though he seems to have kept to himself any knowledge he might have had about strategic detailed planning for the invasion. nevertheless took the decision to hand over the information he had on the German plans for the invasion of France to British intelligence.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Noirmoutier.

paragraph: The Germans quickly overran northern France and Mankowska found a job as a translator-interpreter with the mayor, under the new administration, at the prefecture on the strategically important Island of Noirmoutier off the Atlantic coast. She did nothing to conceal her Polish provenance, nor, indeed, that she was a Countess. The German's were impressed by her easy fluency in French and German, and by her commitment and diligence. Despite her gender, beauty and aristocratic bearing, she was very happy to travel to military bases in order to provide translation services. The Germans were unaware of the extent to which she remembered what she saw. She accompanied the German regional governor, Karl Maier, on a visit to Saint-Nazaire because there were "lots of French" there. She accompanied him into a large covered hanger containing two of the latest Type VII submarines. Later she had time to sit and wait in the car: using the backs table-napkins Mańkowska was able to sketch plans of the interior configurations and staircases of the submarines as well as the external doors. She was interrupted when Maier stuck his head through the car window to ask her "what is this fellow on about?". The fellow, a small Frenchman with a mustache, was venting his rage because his time off to be with his wife for the birth of their child had been cancelled. Maier puffed out his already puffy face and rolled his eyes deep into his skull. "This is war, boy", he sighed. There are reports that notes provided by Mankowska ware later critical to the planning of a major allied raid on the Saint-Nazaire submarine base.

paragraph: After a few months Klementyna Mankowska applied to her German employers for permission to take a break, back in occupied Poland. She was keen to meet up with "Muszkieterowie" comrades. While she was awaiting a response to her application she spotted a large German car on Noirmoutier. Noirmoutier was then as now, for many purposes, something of a backwater, and the presence of two important German officers in the island's best restaurant, with their staff car waiting outside, was noteworthy. Through the window of the restaurant she could see two German colonels were using very broken French to try and order their meal from a waiter, who was successfully understanding nothing. She entered and offered her services as translator. The officers were delighted by the timely if unexpected appearance of this helpful and beautiful Polish countess, who was able quickly to smooth out any misunderstandings with the waiter. They invited her to join them. As they ate, drank and chatted, Mankowska worked her charms: she learned from her dinner companions that they were part of the German High Command. The officers also found out some things about the countess. She told them she was terrified of the end of the war, because she had no idea who would be around to look after her. A few letters of commendation from field commanders would be of limited usefulness. The men were sympathetic. Then one of them had an idea. He said he would issue her with a document, bearing the seal of the German High Command, attesting to her pro-German credentials and requesting "all military and civilian institutions to provide her with advice and assistance". Mankowska gratefully accepted the offer. An genuine seal of the German High Command would be particularly useful to the "Muszkieterowie". It helped create high quality fake seals of his own which he used for his clandestine missions in different parts of Europe.

paragraph: Mańkowska's leave was authorized soon afterwards. By the time she arrived in Warsaw she was convinced that she had been tracked during the train journey. A German staff officer sat down next to her and asked what she was reading. He seemed unable to get over the fact that she was traveling in a first class carriage normally reserved for German military personnel. (Travel arrangements had been made by helpful field commanders in Noirmoutier.) Eventually her travelling companion stood up, bowed, and explained that he had to leave the train, "but we will definitely see each other again". In Poland she met up with and told him about her travelling companion. "Not Gestapo, they never promise anything. Might be a coincidence, one more German officer who spotted your 100% Aryan beauty", was Witkowski's assessment. She told him where she had been and what she had been doing. She was able to hand over various details and plans on the rapidly growing Saint-Nazaire naval base. was particularly thrilled when she handed over the seal of the German High Command. A week after she got back to western France she was arrested and taken to the Gestapo detention centre in Nantes where she was held overnight. Everyone was scrupulously polite: the arresting officer was merely following orders. He had no idea why Mańkowska was being arrested. Mańkowska behaved like a countess, insisting on packing in a small suitcase her night gown, her bathrobe, four pink jars of Elizabeth Arden cosmetics and a napkin to cover the table in the cell to which, presumably, she was about to be driven. On reaching the cell she asked the guard for an extra blanket and a sheet. This was not usual behaviour for people arrested by the Gestapo, but unwilling to risk inadvertently upsetting someone higher in the hierarchy, the confused guard obliged.

paragraph: After her night in the cell at Nantes she was transported to Paris where a dungeon awaited her. Almost immediately she met Sturmbannführer Karl Schwerbel, the head of the Gestapo office in Paris for Polish affairs and people. It turned out that she was not, as she had anticipated, about to be interrogated about her "Muszkieterowie" activities and then shot. The matter was more mundane: well-intentioned German officers on the ground in Noirmoutier had concealed Mańkowska's Polish nationality when referring to her in their reports. Their wish to avoid causing trouble for her had had the opposite result. Nevertheless, she had no difficulty in convincing Schwerbel that she had been unaware of the subterfuge, and he unhesitatingly declared her innocent. Despite her complaints about the cost in time and money involved in arresting and detaining her and then sending her by car to Paris, he now expended more of the Gestapo budget in order to send her back in a first class train compartment to the west of France and her base on the Island of Noirmoutier.

paragraph: The picture postcard that Mańkowska received in Noirmoutier may not have come as a total surprise. The picture was of a seaside scene. The sender had written his message on the back:

paragraph: Doctor Alexander's visit to Noirmoutier was, formally, a purely social affair. He emerged from his car wearing the same staff officer uniform and badges he had been wearing on that train. During dinner he talked about himself. He liked to call himself "Doctor": his full name was Wallraf Hans Alexander. He talked with passion of his time as a soldier during the Great War and about the old days under the Kaiser. He mentioned that he had placed "Heil Hitler" on his post card only for the benefit of the censors, which tended to confirm Mańkowską's suspicion that his current employer might be some kind of intelligence agency. He was, perhaps, working for the British.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Berlin.

paragraph: Meanwhile, German intelligence, convinced of Klementyna Mankowska's pro-German sentiments, selected her as a potential agent. In June 1941 she started a new job, based in Berlin and working at the Foreign Ministry. It was the first stage in her training. While she was in Berlin she remembered a card that had been delivered for her attention a few months earlier care of her coursin Teresa Łubieńska. Harold von Hoepfner was still alive and he was in town. At dinner, with the same casual boasting that he had employed to give her advance notice of the French invasion in May 1940, he openly talked of his imminent posting as part of the vast army that would shortly be invading the Soviet Union. Mankowska had been welcomed into the Hoepfner family's Berlin apartment as a longstanding family friend. It was important, von Hoepfner, pointed out, that the invasion of Russia should be launched soon so that they did not get caught out by the Russian winter like Napoleon. Later the name of Rudolf "Dolf" von Scheliha came up in conversation. Von Scheliha had worked as a German diplomat in the Warsaw embassy between 1932 and 1939.

paragraph: Dolf von Scheliha was expecting her call. When they met up she saw a stooped sixty-year-old man. (He was actually in his mid-40s.) He insisted that they should talk to each other exclusively in French, and proposed a walk round Berlin's famous Tiergarten (zoo park).

paragraph: It had been made clear that for security reasons Mankowska should not expect to be contacted directly by German intelligence during her internship with the Foreign Ministry. However, the guidelines for it had been planned in advance. During her two-month internship she would be provided with her own desk and she would be permitted to take her own notes. Information about the imminent invasion the Soviet Union - some of the information - would be made available to her. But that was far from being the only topic on which she would become better informed.   Two days after the internship began three million German soldiers crossed into the Soviet Union on a mission of conquest.   That day Dolf von Scheliha placed several folders market "secret" on Mańkowska's desk in the ministry.   They did not concern the invasion.   It appears they were preliminary detailed plans for the extermination of Europe's Jews.   There were indications of the number of people to be packed into ghettos, the most effective ways of implementing mass-killings, transport planning and of plans to create a "death factory" near Warsaw at Treblinka. Mańkowska saw these planning documents six months before the Wannsee Conference at which the various government departments were presented with them.   She herself later stated her belief that she had been the first foreigner to learn that the German government were planning mass-murder on a truly unprecedented scale.   Despite the times and events through which she lived, Klementyna Mankowska always maintained a resolutely positive view of human nature, but as she would write many decades later in her memoirs, faced with the evidence of the Holocaust plans, she was forced to recalibrate her optimism.

paragraph: It later turned out that von Scheliha had not consulted with German intelligence before passing files about the planning for the Holocaust to Mańkowska. He had his own agenda, and believed - probably correctly - that passing the information to Mańkowska was tantamount to passing the information to Polish and British intelligence. Over the next few months his continuing careful documentation of National Socialist atrocities in Poland created one of the most comprehensive records of the subject ever compiled. His own efforts to alert foreign governments to what was going on became increasingly intense and were probably effective. Several times he travelled to Switzerland as part of his mission to warn, but he always returned home to Berlin. In the end it became clear that Rudolf von Scheliha had become identified by the authorities as an "anti-Nazi", and had himself been under surveillance by he German authorities for a long time: sources indicate - without providing much detail - that he had been passing information to "Moscow" since the 1930s. He was detained, given a brief trial and on 22 December 1942 executed by guillotine at Berlin's .

paragraph: During her internship with the Foreign Ministry in the middle part of 1941 Klementyna Mankowska had to take a few days off work and stay home with acute food poisoning. That, at least, is what she told management. She travelled to Warsaw in order to discuss with the rich possibilities that had been opened up through her recruitment by German intelligence. A career as a double agent beckoned. The first visitor she received at Teresa Łubieńska's Warsaw apartment was not Witkowski, however. A short plump Polish civilian knocked on the door while she was taking a cup of tea with her cousin. Uninvited, the new visitor installed himself in an armchair and introduced himself as "Witold". He enquired directly about the well-being of and his network of "agents scattered all over Europe". He urged Mankowska not to worry, insisting that he and she were on the same side. "Adolf nicht gut". Mankowska was unsure what to make of the visitor and his message, the oblique delivery of which suggested that he was on a mission, probably, on behalf of British intelligence. He certainly did not appear to be operating according to the Gestapo rule book, and she could think of no reason why the German intelligence services should bother to follow her all the way to Warsaw just to convey a gratuitously opaque message that they knew she was not staying home with food poisoning.

paragraph: That evening came round. He was very happy that Mankowska had been recruited by German intelligence but he did not hesitate to let her know how this added to his problems. There was an inherent rivalry between the "Muszkieterowie", with their longstanding direct links to British intelligence and the "Dwójka", till 1939 the Polish Military Intelligence agency, and since the Fall of France in 1940 represented in significant numbers by political exiles living in London alongside members of the Polish government-in-exile. In London the "Dwójka" struggled jealously for recognition as the only credible Polish anti-Nazi espionage organisation, while Witkowski was convinced that much of the intelligence they picked up through their various connections was less directly sourced and more out of date than information that the "Muszkieterowie" could provide using their own network. Witkowski admitted that Mankowska's work as a double agent was going to be affected and possibly compromised by the intensifying rivalry between two very differently configured Polish intelligence organisations. "For them, you are an internal enemy, just like me. When is this Alexander fellow going to send you to Great Britain?"

paragraph: For , Klementyna Mankowska's transfer to England as an agent of German intelligence (""Abwehr"") would provide a welcome opportunity to establish direct contact with General Sikorski, leader of the Polish government-in-exile in London. But before that could happen she needed to undergo her Abwehr training. Witkowski believed she was at considerable peril as long as she remained in Warsaw where at any time someone associated with the "Dwójka" might decide she was collaborating with the Nazis and carry out a death sentence against her. He urged her to conclude her "food poisoning" incident without delay and return to her desk in Berlin. The meeting with Witkowski may well have been a little rushed and it is impossible to know whether Mankowska alerted him to the files she had received containing plans for the forthcoming Holocaust. It seems possible she did not. There were at this time many people, including the leaderships of foreign governments, who were unable or unwilling to believe the scale of the Shoa being planned by the German authorities, however persuasive and complete the evidence may have appeared in retrospect to those who only became aware of the atrocities after many of the mass-murders had already been committed. There is speculation that Mankowska herself may have been among those who found it impossible to take at face value the evidence contained in the files that Dolf von Scheliha had left on her desk at the ministry.

paragraph: It was anticipated by German intelligence that when she reached London Mankowska would be able to obtain a position of trust with an appropriate ministry or government agency, and it would then be important to be able to encrypt the contents of stolen documents. Much of her training involved mastery of the necessary encryption techniques and the associated rotating sipher tables. She was taught about important codes, addresses and pseudonyms for German intelligence contacts in London. During breaks in her study Alexander came to explain various tools of the trade including the wooden box which, using easily replaceable ingredients such as lemon juice, alcohol and cotton wool, contained the necessary elements for written communication using "invisible ink". There was a close range miniature dart shooter disguised as a pen. There was a lipstick canister that was actually a small bullet canister.

paragraph: As Mańkowska completed her training at the Abwehr training camp in Berlin it became apparent that a final decision still had not been taken over whether to send her to London.   On a further visit to Cousin Teresa's apartment in Warsaw she discussed the possibilities with .   It was not impossible that the Germans had found out about her "Muszkieterowie" connections, possibly from other Polish agencies.   Witkowski thought it unlikely that the "Dwójka" had "such long arms".   The Abwehr option was the only chance the "Muszkieterowie" had to infiltrate an agent into Britain.   The other possibilities were all too risky.   It was fruitless to speculate on the background to any delays on the part of German intelligence bosses in reaching the necessary decision. Over the next twenty minutes he handed over various items to be delivered when she reached London.   His personal letter for General Sikorski described the increasingly perilous impact on the ground of the competition for influence between the "Dwójka" and the "Muszkieterowie".   He handed over microfilms, which she herself had prepared some time earlier, showing German bases and fortifications along the French Atlantic coastline, and including drawings of the dry dock at St. Nazaire.   There were microfilmed texts to be personally handed over to the British intelligence officer who would, he assumed, question her on her arrival in England.   Unfortunately the microfilm machine had broken down, however, so the final four pages had been sewn into a navy blue ribbon which formed the bottom part of a stylish petticoat that she should wear for the journey, but which was not yet ready.

paragraph: A few days earlier Mankowska had received a visit from someone whom "Doctor Alexander" identified simply as "my boss". His uniform was faded, and his sweater was patched. Wilhelm Canaris served as head of German military intelligence between 1935 and his spectacular fall from grace early in 1944. His loyalties may already have been more conflicted than the German government appreciated. It is believed by some that there were aspects of National Socialist Germany that horrified him. He sat down beside Mankowska and shared his thoughts: "You do not have to go. We are wondering whether to take this risk. You are prepared, but it is not clear whether the need exists to launch this mission." There was no direct answer to Mankowska's question, "Then why have I been trained?". "But if you do go, do you have any wishes before the trip? It might end in tragedy." Mankowska replied that she would like to see Warsaw again, and a two-day holiday to the city was duly arranged. There is speculation that Mankowska's true mission, from the point of view of the Abwehr, was to be available in England as a backup in case of a failure by Halina Szymańska's espionage mission. Halina Szymańska was another spy of Polish provenance, who at different stages seems to have been working for more than one national intelligence agency at a time. By the time of Mankowska's proposed mission to London, Szymańska's close connections to Wilhelm Canaris already went back several years.

paragraph: That final two day break in Warsaw provided an opportunity for to hand over the elegant petticoat with documents secured in the thick blue ribbon round the hem. She rearranged herself to put on the petticoat while he gave her a final briefing. He reassured her that she would not be arrested when she arrived at the airport in London. Two days after her arrival three men would stop her and apparently arrest her. A brief Reuters news item would be transmitted on the late evening radio news that evening by the BBC, stating that a German spy had been intercepted and detained. That would be a message to the "Muszkieterowie" that she had arrived safely, and a message to the Abwehr that she had been arrested and her spy mission was over. She should then contact the British intelligence services before attempting to make contact with anyone else. After that she should try and arrange a personal meeting with General Sikorski and spell out the ever more dangerous situation between the "Dwójka" and the "Muszkieterowie".

paragraph: On 24 March 1942 at 3.30 in the morning Mankowska was awakened in her room at the training centre and told to get dressed. Her mission was about to begin. The instruction was not wholly unexpected and she was ready in two minutes. After half an hour her driver delivered her to the little airport where she received her final briefing from "Doctor Alexander": "If things go wrong, please don't take chances. If you feel threatened, your first priority is to look after yourself. You're flying via Nice in "Vichy". There we'll help you to get a legal British visa." Squashed between the front seats of a Ju 52 transport plane, a few hours later she landed at Nice. Somehow had found out that the route arranged by the Abwehr to London would include a stop-over in Nice. He arranged for Mankowska to have a breakfast meeting with , who had been one of the most important Polish generals in the fight against the German/Soviet invasion in September 1939. He was one of those Polish ex-military personnel now living in precarious exile in Vichy France. Although Witkowski through his network was well informed on much that happened in countries under German occupation, his information on the situation in London seems to have been relatively sketchy. Kleeberg was able to provide Mankowska with more up to date background. The leaders of the London-based Polish government in exile, Generals Sikorski and Sosnkowski were at the centre of a small close-knit group of insiders, determined to protect their powerbase for the future, and intolerant of dissent. Their focus was on how they would govern Poland after the war. Kleeberg's words were not encouraging: "Look and listen ... All who stand in their way are little by little eliminated. Witkowski is doing very valuable work for the allies, but Poles cannot forgive him for maintaining direct contacts with the English. Things may end badly for him".

paragraph: Section::::Life.:London.

paragraph: Mankowska's first few weeks in London were choreographed - presumably by the British authorities - exactly as had told her. After her "arrest", news of it was carried in a brief item on the late evening BBC news, and she was taken to what one source describes as "the Patriotic School, an enormous red brick building occupied by MI5". Her interrogator introduced himself as Captain Malcolm Scott. The interrogation lasted for four weeks. She was carefully and systematically questioned about the training she had received from German intelligence and about the tasks that she had been assigned by the Germans. At one of the sessions Captain Scott provided two pieces of surprising information of his own: the first was more welcome than the second. Her husband and sons were also in London. Her husband had made his own way to England. Her sons had appeared separately and the British authorities had no idea, at least officially, how they had managed to make the journey. Unofficially it was presumed that they had arrived, somehow, courtesy of German intelligence. It turned out that the head of German intelligence, Wilhelm Canaris, had already given Mankowska his personal promise that if she went ahead with the mission to England, the boys would be sent to join her. The information that they were already safely in England came as a great relief but it was not, under all the circumstances, a complete surprise. The second piece of information was less welcome than the first but also, perhaps, not totally unsurprising. Scott knew that the German intelligence agencies had tried to obtain her a set of identity documents for her, but they had been unsuccessful. The British authorities had been willing to provide her with a British passport, but the move had been opposed by the London-based Polish government in exile once they found out that she had been sent by the "Muszkieterowie". Scott said that the British authorities had been trying to convince the Polish leaders in London that Mankowska was an Abwehr (German) agent, but the Poles remained implacably hostile to her presence in England. Because of this Scott urged her to leave London as soon as possible.

paragraph: After leaving the sessions at the Patriotic School had concluded Mankowska managed to arrange a meeting with General Sosnkowski, a leading member of the Polish government in exile. He made it clear that she was very unlikely to be able to arrange a meeting with the Polish leader, General Sikorski. He added that neither the Polish Government in exile nor the intelligence division of the Armia Krajowa (""Home Army""), the main underground resistance movement inside Poland, found it unacceptable that maintained his own direct contacts with British Inelligence. He concluded with a piece of personal advice, which was the advice she had already received from her British interrogator, "Captain Scott of MI5", although Sosnkowski chose different words: "Please leave ... in London there is something else. An accident is not so difficult. Please eat eggs: it is harder to poison them ... Naturally I'm kidding". A few months later, at his home in Poland, was shot dead. He was shot in the back of the head, but when it was found his body had been turned over in order to give greater prominence to the accompanying card which carried the descriptive message "Największy polski bandyta" (""The greatest Polish bandit""). It would never become entirely clear whether Witkowski was killed by the AK (Polish resistance), or if the AK had simply led the Gestapo to him. Either way, directly after his shooting, surviving "Muszkieterowie" members in Poland, including Teresa Łubieńska, started to be rounded up by the Gestapo. Stories circulated that Witkowski had been in touch not merely with British intelligence and Soviet intelligence. There are also hints that he may have collaborated with the Germans, who occupied the western half of Poland, against the Soviets, who occupied the eastern part and, as matters turned out, would turn out to be the more enduring threat. Although the mutual antipathy between the men who hoped to lead Poland's post-war government is well attested, the precise details of the circumstances leading to Witkowski's killing remain unclear.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Edinburgh.

paragraph: Klementyna Mańkowska remained in Britain till 1948, but she moved to Edinburgh, far from London and far from the Polish government in exile. Andrzej continued to be based in London where he made himself useful to the authorities, but he was able to visit his wife in Edinburgh at weekends. The couple's two sons attended a British boarding school. Their daughter, Maria, was born in Edinburgh on 20 June 1944. Klementyna worked in an Edinburgh hospital, undertaking translation work for Polish doctors unable to communicate in English. She would never again resume the her prewar role as a lady of the manor.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Later years.

paragraph: In 1948 the family moved to Congo. There are indications that at this stage they were still legally stateless. Andrzej obtained a well-remunerated job with one of the colonial governments in Africa. The family were evidently accompanied in the Congo by Klementyna's mother who died at Élisabethville (as it was then known) at the end of 1958.

paragraph: By 1997, which is when Günter Blaurock, the German consul general in Lyon presented Mankowska with the Order of Merit ("Bundesverdienstkreuz Erster Klasse") on behalf of President Herzog, in respect of her wartime exploits, the ceremony took place in the presence of the Polish ambassador and Prince Bismarck at Mankowska's home, the Château de Sermoise, near Nevers. (The Mankowski's daughter married a French aristocrat in 1970.) Her story had become better known to younger generations as a result of the publication of her autobiographical work "Espionne malgré moi", prefaced by Michel Poniatowski, in May 1994 (published the next year in German as "Odyssee einer Agentin"). The "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung", in a book review, described her life story as "too fantastic for a novel". The work wasn't published in her native Poland until January 2003. There is no English version.

paragraph: Andrzej and Klementyna Mankowski died respectively in 2001 and 2003. They both died at Sermoise near Nevers in central France.

description: member of the Polish resistance during WW II

wikidata_label: Klementyna Mańkowska

wikipedia_title: Klementyna Mankowska


text:
Jean-Baptiste Oudry
Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture
trompe-l’œil
Jean Siméon Chardin
Musée des beaux-arts de Bordeaux
Louvre Museum
Château de Blois
Louvre Museum
Louvre Museum
Louvre Museum
musée des beaux-arts
Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe

paragraph: Henri-Horace Roland Delaporte

paragraph: Henri-Horace Roland Delaporte (or De La Porte) (c.1724 – 23 November 1793) was a French still life painter.

paragraph: Born in Paris, he was a pupil of Jean-Baptiste Oudry. In 1763 he was accepted by the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture in Paris as a painter of flowers and animals. His "reception piece" was "Vase of Lapis, Sphere and Musical Instruments".

paragraph: His speciality was still life paintings of animals and fruits and trompe-l’œil. He also painted many still lifes of musical instruments, and exhibited frequently at the Paris Salon from 1761 to 1789. The similarity of his style to that of Jean Siméon Chardin meant that several of Delaporte's works were at one time attributed to the latter.

paragraph: He died in Paris in 1793.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nature morte à la vielle", c.1760, oil on canvas, 80 × 101 cm, Musée des beaux-arts de Bordeaux

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vase de lapis orné de bronze et musette à soufflet", 1763, 102 × 82 cm, Louvre Museum, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nature morte aux instruments de musique" (Still Life with Musical Instruments), 1765, oil on canvas, 129 × 87 cm, Musée du Château de Blois

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Apprêts d’un déjeuner rustique", Louvre Museum, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Petite Collation" or "Nature morte a la carafe d’orgeat" (Still Life with Carafe of Barley Wine), 1787, 37 × 46 cm, Louvre Museum, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Panier d’œufs" (Basket of Eggs), 1788, 38 × 48 cm, Louvre Museum, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nature morte au potiron et aux champignons" (Still life with Pumpkin and Mushrooms), musée des beaux-arts, Rouen

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'Oranger", Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- This article is largely based on the equivalent article on French Wikipedia

alias:
Roland Delaporte
Roland La Porte
Henri Horace Roland de Porte
Henri-Horace Roland de la Porte
Henri Horace Roland de Laporte
Henri Horace Roland de la Porte
Roland de la Porte
Henri Horace Roland De La Porte
Henri-Horace Roland de La Porte
Henri Roland
Roland PO
Roland de La Porte.
Roland de Laporte
De la Porte
Henri Horace de La Porte
M. de la Porte

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Henri-Horace Roland Delaporte

wikipedia_title: Henri-Horace Roland Delaporte


text:
Barcelona
chess
Spanish Champion
Venezuelan Chess Championship
David Bronstein
International Master
Visa with photo

categories: Spanish chess players,2003 deaths,Venezuelan chess players,Chess International Masters,1919 births

paragraph: Antonio Medina García

paragraph: Antonio Ángel Medina García (2 October 1919, Barcelona – 31 October 2003, Barcelona) was a Spanish chess master.

paragraph: He was seven times Spanish Champion (1944, 1945, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1963, and 1964), and thrice Catalan Champion (1947, 1949, 1950). He also thrice won Venezuelan Chess Championship in 1955, 1956 and 1958. Medina won at Caracas 1954 (zonal), and took 19th at Goteborg 1955 (interzonal, David Bronstein won).

paragraph: Medina was awarded the International Master (IM) title in 1950.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::-

paragraph: BULLET::::- Visa with photo

description: chess player

wikidata_label: Antonio Medina

wikipedia_title: Antonio Medina García


text: Count Palatine

text: Zweibrücken

text: Veldenz

text: Duke of Zweibrücken

text: Louis I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

text: Croÿ

text: Zweibrücken

text: Amalie of Brandenburg

text: Alexander "the Cripple"

text: Veldenz Castle

categories: 1527 deaths,1459 births,House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken,House of Wittelsbach

paragraph: Kaspar, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

paragraph: Kaspar, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken and Veldenz (11 July 1459 – c. Summer 1527) was Duke of Zweibrücken from 1489 to 1490.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the son of Louis I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken and Johanna of Croÿ. In 1478 in Zweibrücken he married Amalie of Brandenburg (1461–1481), daughter of Albert III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg. Amalie died shortly before her twentieth birthday. They had no children.

paragraph: His father, Louis I, was afraid that after his death his dominions would be divided between his sons, with Kaspar receiving the County of Veldenz and his brother Alexander "the Cripple" receiving the Duchy of Zweibrücken. In order to prevent this, Louis ordered that after his death, his sons should rule the dominion jointly. However, just one year after Louis's death, Alexander had Kaspar arrested. Kaspar was declared mentally ill and incarcerated in Veldenz Castle. Henceforth, Alexander reigned alone.

paragraph: Kaspar's dukedom was formally revoked in 1514. He remained incarcerated for the rest of his life. He died in the summer of 1527.

paragraph: It cannot be determined conclusively whether Kaspar actually suffered mental or moral issues relevant to his duties as Duke, or whether he was moved out of the way by a power-hungry younger brother. Louis' decision that the brothers should jointly rule, can be interpreted in different ways.

description: German nobleman; nominal Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

wikidata_label: Kaspar

wikipedia_title: Kaspar, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken


text:
The Rt Hon.
PC
bapt.
English
bibliophile
The 1st Viscount Conway
Arrow, Warwickshire
The Queen's College, Oxford
Sir Horace Vere
Sir Francis Popham
peerage
Lord Brooke
Member of Parliament
Warwick
Yarmouth (Isle of Wight)
Viscount Conway
Viscount Killultagh
Conway barony
Charles I's
Battle of Newburn
Irish Privy Counsellor
Westminster Assembly of Divines
Edmund Waller
Sir John Beaumont
Michael Drayton
Ben Jonson
John Donne
Sir John Suckling
Lisnagarvey
County Antrim
The 10th Earl of Northumberland
Petworth
Sussex
Lyon
France
Arrow
Edward
Earl of Conway
Martha Conway (Eltonhead)
grandmother
Barack H. Obama

categories: Lay members of the Westminster Assembly,Members of the Privy Council of Ireland,Viscounts Conway,English soldiers,17th-century soldiers,1655 deaths,English MPs 1624–1625,Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford,English MPs 1626,People of the Stuart period,1590s births

paragraph: Edward Conway, 2nd Viscount Conway

paragraph: The Rt Hon. Edward Conway, 2nd Viscount Conway,

paragraph: PC (bapt. 10 August 1594 – 26 June 1655), was an English politician, military commander, bibliophile and peer.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Conway was the eldest son of The 1st Viscount Conway and his wife, Dorothy, and was baptised on 10 August 1594 in Arrow, Warwickshire. He matriculated from The Queen's College, Oxford, on 3 May 1611 and is thought to have learnt military strategy from his uncle by marriage, Sir Horace Vere. He was knighted on 25 March 1618, and in 1621, he married Frances Popham (a daughter of Sir Francis Popham). He succeeded his father in the peerage in January 1631.

paragraph: Section::::Political and military service.

paragraph: Conway was nominated by Lord Brooke to become Member of Parliament for Warwick between 1624 and 1625, and in 1626, he was elected for Yarmouth (Isle of Wight). In 1628, after his father was created Viscount Conway and Viscount Killultagh, Conway was summoned to parliament in the right of the Conway barony. He succeeded his father to his titles following his death on 3 January 1631.

paragraph: Lord Conway unsuccessfully commanded Charles I's forces at the Battle of Newburn in 1640. He became an Irish Privy Counsellor, Marshal of the Army in Ireland, and was served as a member of the Westminster Assembly of Divines from 1643 to 1649.

paragraph: He was briefly imprisoned after being implicated in the plot by Edmund Waller and others to seize London for the king.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Like his father, Lord Conway had a particular interest in English literature, with literary connections including Sir John Beaumont, Michael Drayton, Ben Jonson, John Donne, and Sir John Suckling. In 1643, his London library was catalogued as containing 5,000 or more volumes, and his library at Lisnagarvey in County Antrim contained between 8,000 and 9,900 books and manuscripts.

paragraph: He retired to the house of The 10th Earl of Northumberland in Petworth, Sussex, in the early 1650s. He later travelled abroad and died in Lyons, France on 26 June 1655. He was buried in Arrow, and his titles passed to his only son, Edward, who was later created Earl of Conway.

paragraph: It is said that he is also spouse of Martha Conway (Eltonhead), whose daughter is Eltonhead Corbin Thacker (née Conway) who married Henry Thacker and who would later become thirteen times grandmother of Barack H. Obama.

description: English politician and peer

wikidata_label: Edward Conway, 2nd Viscount Conway

wikipedia_title: Edward Conway, 2nd Viscount Conway