text: Swiss

text: Roman Catholic

text: theologian

text: cardinal

text: Servant of God

text: Geneva

text: Confirmation

text: seminary

text: Fribourg

text: ordained

text: priesthood

text: pastoral

text: Diocese of Fribourg

text: Nova et Vetera

text: Domestic Prelate of His Holiness

text: Pope Pius XII

text: Titular Archbishop of Furnos Minor

text: Pope Paul VI

text: episcopal consecration

text: co-consecrators

text: consistory

text: Europe

text: College of Cardinals

text: Second Vatican Council

text: Dignitatis humanae

text: Nostra aetate

text: teaching on divorce

text: Jacques Maritain

text: Socialist

text: Miguel Arraes

text: Brazilian military

text: papal conclave

text: Protodeacon

text: Cardinal-Priest

text: "The Church of the Word Incarnate"

text: Georges Cottier

text: Gruyères

text: Congregation for the Causes of Saints

text: Servant of God

text: Catholic-Hierarchy

text: Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

text: Journet's Theology of the Church

text: The Meaning of Grace

categories: 20th-century Roman Catholics,20th-century venerated Christians,1891 births,1975 deaths,People from Geneva,Swiss cardinals,Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI,Swiss Roman Catholic theologians,Protodeacons,Participants in the Second Vatican Council

paragraph: Charles Journet

paragraph: Charles Journet (26 January 1891 – 15 April 1975) was a Swiss Roman Catholic theologian and cardinal.

paragraph: Journet has been considered a figure of holiness and his cause for canonisation is set to commence. This means that he shall be accorded the title Servant of God when the cause commences on a diocesan level.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Early life and priesthood.

paragraph: Charles Journet was born in Geneva in 1891 as the son of Jean-Louis Journet and Jenny Bondat. He was baptized on the same day in the church of Sacré-Coeur and was to receive the sacrament of Confirmation on 12 June 1903 in the same church from Bishop Joseph Déruaz.

paragraph: He studied at the seminary in Fribourg before being ordained to the priesthood on 15 July 1917. He then did pastoral work in the Diocese of Fribourg until 1924, and there taught at the seminary from 1924 to 1965. He established the theological journal "Nova et Vetera" in 1926.

paragraph: Journet was raised to the rank of Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on 13 August 1946 by Pope Pius XII, gaining fame as a theologian.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Cardinalate and death.

paragraph: On 15 February 1965, he was appointed as the Titular Archbishop of Furnos Minor by Pope Paul VI, and he received his episcopal consecration on the following 20 February from Bishop François Charrière, with Bishops Franz von Streng and Louis-Sevérin Haller serving as the co-consecrators.

paragraph: In the consistory two days later, on 22 February, he was one of the three European theologians elevated to the College of Cardinals by Paul VI, becoming the Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Campitelli.

paragraph: Although he only attended the last session of the Second Vatican Council in 1965, Journet was nevertheless a rather influential figure at the Council. He supported the documents "Dignitatis humanae" and "Nostra aetate" while also affirming the Church's traditional teaching on divorce. Journet was a close friend of the renowned philosopher Jacques Maritain, with whom he founded the theological journal "Nova et Vetera" in 1926.

paragraph: A supporter of Socialist leader Miguel Arraes, the cardinal protested his imprisonment by the Brazilian military in the 1960s. Journet lost the right to participate in any future papal conclave when he reached 80 on 26 January 1971, but served as Protodeacon from the following 10 August until he opted to become a Cardinal-Priest of the same title on 5 March 1973. His most famous work is considered to be "The Church of the Word Incarnate".

paragraph: He is also seen as the mentor of Swiss Cardinal Georges Cottier.

paragraph: Journet died in Fribourg at the age of 84 in 1975. He is buried in the "Chartreuse de la Valsainte" in Gruyères.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification process.

paragraph: His beatification cause has been approved and is set to commence. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints gave their approval and granted him the title Servant of God.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic-Hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Journet's Theology of the Church

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Meaning of Grace

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Charles Journet

wikipedia_title: Charles Journet


text:
Charles, Count of Valois
Margaret, Countess of Anjou
Philip VI of France
Edward III
Philip III of France
Isabella of Aragon
Charles II of Naples
Maria Arpad of Hungary
Catherine I of Courtenay
Constantinople
Mahaut of Châtillon
Isabella of Valois
Duchess of Bourbon
Blanche of Valois
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
William I
Isabella of France
Edward II
Charles IV of France
Hugh Despenser the Younger
Philippa
Roger Mortimer
Eleanor of Woodstock
Reginald II, Duke of Guelders
Fontenelle Abbey
Maing
Sluys
besiege Tournai
Pope Benedict XII
William II, Count of Hainaut
Empress Margaret
Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Queen Philippa
Edward III of England
Johanna von Jülich
William V, Duke of Jülich
Robert of Namur

categories: People from Aisne,Countesses of Hainaut,14th-century French people,Benedictine abbesses,1294 births,14th-century women of the Holy Roman Empire,1342 deaths,13th-century French people,French Roman Catholic abbesses,14th-century French women,House of Valois,13th-century French women,Countesses of Holland,13th-century women of the Holy Roman Empire

paragraph: Joan of Valois, Countess of Hainaut

paragraph: Joan of Valois (c. 1294 – 7 March 1342) was the second eldest daughter of the French prince Charles, Count of Valois, and his first wife, Margaret, Countess of Anjou. As the sister of King Philip VI of France and the mother-in-law of Edward III, she was ideally placed to act as mediator between them.

paragraph: Section::::Lineage.

paragraph: Her paternal grandparents were Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon. Her maternal grandparents were Charles II of Naples and Maria Arpad of Hungary. Joan was one of six children. In 1299, Joan's mother died, probably in childbirth, and her father married his second wife, Catherine I of Courtenay, Titular Empress of Constantinople, by whom he had four more children. He would marry his third wife, Mahaut of Châtillon, in 1308, and by her he would sire a son and three daughters, among them Isabella of Valois, who became Duchess of Bourbon, and Blanche of Valois, who married Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor.

paragraph: Section::::Countess of Hainaut.

paragraph: Joan married William I, on 23 May 1305. She was a supporter of her cousin Isabella of France in her struggle against Edward II. In December 1325, she traveled to France to attend the funeral of her father and had talks with Isabella and Charles IV of France. This brought about an alliance between Hainaut, Isabella, and the English exiles, who were in opposition to the English king and his favorite, Hugh Despenser the Younger. Isabella's son became engaged to Joan's daughter Philippa and Isabella raised an army in their lands. It was also from there that Isabella and her lover, Roger Mortimer, began their invasion of England.

paragraph: In 1332, after Philippa had become queen, she arranged a wedding between Isabella's daughter Eleanor of Woodstock and Reginald II, Duke of Guelders, and she visited her daughter Philippa in England.

paragraph: Section::::Mediator.

paragraph: After her husband died in 1337, Joan took the veil and entered into Fontenelle Abbey in Maing. In 1340, her son-in-law dealt her brother Philip a heavy blow by defeating him at sea near Sluys. Edward then went on to besiege Tournai, but was beset by financial problems. Pope Benedict XII then asked Joan to mediate. She first went to her brother, whom she had begged for peace. Then she went to Edward in his tent and begged him for peace as well. The pleas of their relative Joan, sent by the pope, allowed the two men to sign a truce without loss of face.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: Joan's children with William I

paragraph: BULLET::::- William II, Count of Hainaut (1307–1345)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John (died 1316)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Empress Margaret (1311–1356), married Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Queen Philippa (24 June 1314 – 1369), married king Edward III of England

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agnes (died 1327)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johanna von Jülich (1315–1374), married William V, Duke of Jülich

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabella of Hainaut (1323–1361), married Robert of Namur

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis (1325–1328)

wikidata_label: Joan of Valois, Countess of Hainaut

wikipedia_title: Joan of Valois, Countess of Hainaut


text:
Major League Baseball
relief pitcher
left-handed
Ripley
Tennessee
Lambuth University
walks
saves
strikeouts
Cincinnati Reds
Atlanta Braves
Chicago Cubs
Milwaukee Brewers
infielder
Wes Helms
pitcher
John Foster
St. Louis Cardinals
Jason Marquis
Adam Wainwright
holds
earned run average
Colorado Rockies
outfielder
Larry Bigbie
second baseman
Aaron Miles
Washington Nationals
Columbus
Chicago White Sox
Houston Astros
Ryan Klesko
Dave Roberts
Atlanta Braves

categories: People from Maricopa County, Arizona,Harrisburg Senators players,Atlanta Braves players,Colorado Rockies players,Indianapolis Indians players,Washington Nationals players,St. Louis Cardinals players,African-American baseball players,Charlotte Knights players,Chicago Cubs players,Durham Bulls players,Macon Braves players,Sportspeople from Chicago,West Tennessee Diamond Jaxx players,Milwaukee Brewers players,Greenville Braves players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,Iowa Cubs players,Baseball players from Illinois,Round Rock Express players,Lambuth Eagles baseball players,Billings Mustangs players,1974 births

paragraph: Ray King (baseball)

paragraph: Raymond Keith King (born January 15, 1974) is a retired Major League Baseball relief pitcher. He bats and throws left-handed.

paragraph: Section::::High school and college years.

paragraph: King attended Ripley High School (Ripley, Tennessee) and lettered in football, basketball, and baseball. In baseball, he won All-America honors as a senior. The lefty is also an alumnus of Lambuth University in Jackson, Tennessee.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: In nine seasons as a professional, King has appeared in 577 games and pitched 403 innings. He is 20-23 lifetime with a 3.42 ERA, 177 walks, 276 strikeouts, 130 holds and 2 saves. As a batter he was 0-6 at the plate, with three strikeouts.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Early career.

paragraph: King's professional baseball career began on June 1, when the Cincinnati Reds selected him in the eighth round of the amateur draft. The southpaw spent the next four seasons playing for minor league affiliates in the Reds, Atlanta Braves and Chicago Cubs organizations before finally making his major league debut on May 21, as a member of the Cubs.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Milwaukee Brewers.

paragraph: After two different stints with Chicago in 1999, King was dealt to the Milwaukee Brewers the following spring. During the and seasons the relief pitcher was a staple in the Brewers bullpen, appearing in over 75 games each of those seasons.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Braves.

paragraph: That off-season, King was dealt back to Atlanta for infielder Wes Helms and pitcher John Foster. King showed his durability once again appearing in 80 games as the Braves primary left-handed reliever. He also made his first career postseason appearance that season, pitching a scoreless inning of relief. He was on the move again, however during the winter of joining the St. Louis Cardinals along with fellow pitchers Jason Marquis and Adam Wainwright.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:St. Louis Cardinals.

paragraph: was King's finest season in the majors to date. The rubber-armed lefty appeared in a career and team high 86 games for the Cardinals, and also notched career bests in holds (32), wins and earned run average along the way to a 5-2 record and 2.41 ERA. From May to July, King built a 30-game scoreless streak, another personal best. He also pitched 6 innings that postseason as St. Louis captured the National League pennant.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Colorado Rockies.

paragraph: King joined the Colorado Rockies for the season after a trade from St. Louis for outfielder Larry Bigbie and second baseman Aaron Miles.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Nationals.

paragraph: He joined the Washington Nationals on a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training the following winter. He made the Nationals Opening Day roster.

paragraph: In September he was acquired by the Brewers in exchange for a player to be named later to help with their playoff run. King completed the 2007 season with a 1-1 record and a 4.76 ERA in 67 games. He became a free agent after the season.

paragraph: On November 30, , King re-signed with the Nationals to a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training. On March 22, , King's minor league contract was purchased by the Nationals, and made the opening day roster. King appeared in 12 games and went 0-0 with a 5.68 ERA during the month of April. On April 24, King was optioned to Triple-A Columbus, but he refused the assignment and declared free agency.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago White Sox.

paragraph: In early May 2008, King signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox, but was released after only four appearances.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Houston Astros.

paragraph: On May 29, 2008, King signed a minor league contract with the Houston Astros; he became a free agent at the end of the season.

paragraph: Section::::Scouting report.

paragraph: A lefty specialist with a durable arm, King ranked amongst the top ten National League relievers in appearances from 2001 through 2005. Armed with a late-moving, low 90s fastball and sharp breaking slider, King pitches to the bottom of the strike zone and offers up few home runs. He is also adept at holding runners, and fielding his position, having committed only 7 errors in 577 career games.

paragraph: Section::::Facts.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Despite almost 600 career games, King has only 2 saves and never started a game.

paragraph: BULLET::::- King holds the second most number of single-season appearances for two organizations; the Atlanta Braves (80 appearances in 2003) and the Milwaukee Brewers (84 appearances in 2001).

paragraph: BULLET::::- King earned Milwaukee's Manager's Award and the Amanda Curran Award for Community Service in 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- King went 328 games without issuing an intentional walk, spanning over 4 years. This is the longest known streak of its kind. On August 6, , King allowed a leadoff double to Ryan Klesko in the bottom of the 11th inning and intentionally walked Dave Roberts to end the streak. The Giants eventually scored, and King took the loss. While pitching for the Atlanta Braves, King threw a wild pitch on an intentional walk that scored the game's winning run from third base.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Ray King

wikipedia_title: Ray King (baseball)


text:
Almohad
Morocco
al-Andalus
Abd al-Wahid I
Almohad
Yaqub al-Mansur
Muhammad al-Nasir
al-Andalus
Yusuf II al-Mustansir
vizier
Masmuda
Abd al-Wahid I
Murcia
Córdoba
Málaga
Granada
Almohad dynasty
Chinchilla
Albacete
Seville
Ifriqiya
Valencia
Jaén
Abu Dabbus
Baeza
Yahya
straits
Ferdinand III of Castile
Castilian
ravaged the lands
Jaén
vega de Granada
Córdoba
Alfonso IX of Leon
Sancho II of Portugal
Caceres
Seville
levy
Capilla
Yahya 'al-Mutasim'

categories: Sultans of Morocco,13th-century Al-Andalus people,Year of birth unknown,1227 deaths,13th-century Berber people,13th-century Almohad caliphs

paragraph: Abdallah al-Adil

paragraph: Abu Muhammad ʿAbdallah 'al-ʿAdil' ( "ʿAbd Allāh"; d. October 4, 1227) was an Almohad Caliph of Morocco, a former governor in al-Andalus who challenged and secured the murder of his predecessor, Abd al-Wahid I. His 1224 coup ushered in a period of instability that lasted well beyond his own death in 1227. He is often regarded as one of the most disastrous of Almohad caliphs. His coup divided the Almohads and set in motion the loss of al-Andalus and the eventual collapse of the Almohad state.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Abu Muhammad Abdallah was a son of Almohad conqueror Yaqub al-Mansur and a brother of the famous caliph Muhammad al-Nasir. Along with his other brothers, Abdallah served as an Almohad governor in al-Andalus.

paragraph: Following the premature death of his nephew, the young Caliph Yusuf II al-Mustansir, without heirs, in January 1224, the Marrakesh palace bureaucrats, led by the vizier Abu Sa'id Uthman ibn Jami'i and the regional Masmuda tribal sheikhs, engineered the election of his elderly grand-uncle as the new caliph Abd al-Wahid I, and presented it to the remaining Almohad family members as a "fait accompli". Abdallah, then governing in Murcia, and his brothers, Abu al-'Ala Idris (governing in Córdoba), Abu Musa (in Málaga) and Abu al-Hassan (in Granada), who formed a powerful clique in Almohad hierarchy, were upset at the hastiness and the probable unconstitutionality of the Marrakesh proceedings. Moreover, Abd al-Wahid I, despite his age, had a distinguished record and centralizing tendencies, and was less likely to give the brothers free rein in al-Andalus as the young, neglectful Yusuf II had done.

paragraph: The Almohad dynasty had never had a disputed succession. Despite disagreements, they had always loyally lined up behind the elected caliph, so rebellion was no casual matter. But Abdallah was soon visited in Murcia by the shadowy figure of Abu Zayd ibn Yujjan, a former high bureaucrat in Marrakesh, whose fall had been engineered some years earlier by al-Jami'i, and was now serving a sentence of exile nearby in Chinchilla (Albacete). Ibn Yujjan persuaded Abdallah to contest the election, assuring him of his high connections in the Marrakesh palace and among the Masmuda sheikhs. In consultation with his brothers, Abdallah soon declared himself as the new Almohad caliph, taking up the caliphal title of ""al-Adil"" ("the Just" or "the Justicer") and immediately seized Seville, and began make preparations to march on Marrakesh and confront Abd al-Wahid I. But Ibn Yajjan had already pulled on his Moroccan connections. Before the end of the summer, Abu Zakariya, the sheikh of the Hintata tribe, and Yusuf ibn Ali, governor of Tinmal, declared for al-Adil, seized the Marrakesh palace, deposed the caliph and expelled al-Jami'i and his coterie. The fallen caliph Abd al-Wahid I was murdered by strangulation in September 1224.

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: Abdallah al-Adil's murderous breach of dynastic precedence and constitutional propriety shocked the rest of the Almohads. But Abdallah and his brothers were dominant in al-Andalus, and had little trouble imposing themselves on the province, replacing those who refused to recognize the usurpation. In Spain, everyone fell in line, with the notable exception of three of Abdallah's cousins, (the sons of Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Abi Hafs, the powerful governor of Ifriqiya): Abu Zayd (governor of Valencia), Abd Allah (governor of Jaén) and Abu Dabbus. They were promptly deprived of their posts. The Jaén governor, Abd Allah (nicknamed "al-Bayyasi", the Baezan), took a small group of followers and set up camp in the hills of Baeza, calling for open rebellion against al-Adil.

paragraph: In Morocco, Abdallah al-Adil's coup had barely succeeded. Many (most?) of the Masmuda tribal sheikhs, unwilling to see the balance in the Almohad coalition swinging into the hands of the Almohads of Spain, invoked their constitutional role, and refused to ratify al-Adil's usurpation, rallying instead around the figure of his nephew Yahya, the son of al-Nasir. With the coup in danger of being reversed, Abdallah al-Adil made the fateful decision to begin shipping the bulk of the Almohad forces in Spain across the straits to Morocco, intending to march on Marrakesh and imposing himself on the sheikhs.

paragraph: Eager to depart, al-Adil undertook only a half-hearted effort to dislodge al-Bayyasi from the hills of Baeza in the winter of 1224-25. The campaign proved a humiliation – al-Bayyasi's little band of followers managed to fend off the much larger armies that al-Adil sent after them. Al-Adil quickly acquired a reputation for incompetence and poor military skills, which spread across the water to Morocco, emboldening the recusants and shaking the confidence of his allies. Determined to seize Marrakesh before it was too late, al-Adil decided to ignore al-Bayyasi and stepped up the transportation of troops. Al-Bayyasi, in the meantime, struck up an alliance with the hitherto quiet Ferdinand III of Castile. Bemused at the turn of events, and delighted at the evacuation of Almohad troops, Ferdinand sensed an opportunity and decided to lend al-Bayyasi a large Castilian army.

paragraph: In 1225, al-Bayyasi's band, accompanied by the Castilian army, descended from the Baeza hills. With al-Andalus practically denuded of Almohad troops, they ravaged the lands of Jaén, the vega de Granada and by the end of the summer, al-Bayyasi had captured the city of Córdoba. Seeing the vacuity, Alfonso IX of Leon and Sancho II of Portugal also took the opportunity to launch their own raids. Caceres held up the Leonese, but the Portuguese raiders, facing no opposition, advanced rapidly and reached the outskirts of Seville in late 1225.

paragraph: Section::::Heroes and cowards.

paragraph: It is reported that the Caliph Al-Adil, his minister Abu Zayd ibn Yajjan and leading Almohad commanders were at that moment in Seville, but they did not have the manpower to challenge the Christian army in the open. As a result, the Portuguese raiders ravaged the outlying areas with impunity. At length, the civilian population of Seville, disgusted at the inactivity of the Almohad rulers, decided to take matters into their own hands. A popular levy was raised in the city and marched out on their own to meet the Portuguese in the field. It was a massacre. The Portuguese men-at-arms mowed down the poorly armed townsfolk. Thousands – in one report as much as 20,000 – were slain before the walls of Seville.

paragraph: Blame for the Seville massacre – and other disasters – was placed fully on the incompetence and cowardice of Caliph al-Adil and his Almohad lieutenants. But al-Adil's fortunes soon turned. Al-Bayyasi had promised three frontier fortresses to Ferdinand III in payment for his services. But one of the fortresses, Capilla, refused to pass over. The Castilians were forced to lay a long and difficult siege. The brave defiance of little Capilla, and al-Bayyasi's shipping of provisions to the Castilian besiegers, soon turned opinion against him and back towards the Almohad Caliph. An uprising in Cordoba followed, al-Bayyasi was killed and his head dispatched to the Caliph in Marrakesh.

paragraph: But Abdallah al-Adil did not relish this victory for long. On October 4, 1227, he was drowned in a palace bathtub, and his nephew and rival was elected as the new Almohad Caliph Yahya 'al-Mutasim'.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kennedy, Hugh (1996) "Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus". London: Addison-Wesley-Longman

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julien, Charles-André. "Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord, des origines à 1830", édition originale 1931, réédition Payot, Paris, 1994.

alias:
Abdallah, Almohad Caliph
‘Abdu’llah (Almohad Caliph)
Abdullah (Almohad Caliph)
'Abdu'llah (Almohad Caliph)
Abu Muhammad al-Adil

description: Almohad caliph

wikidata_label: Abdallah al-Adil

wikipedia_title: Abdallah al-Adil


text:
Assyrian
Babylon
Assyria
Esarhaddon
Ashurbanipal
Babylonia
Sennacherib
Kutha
Sippar
Nippur
Ur
London
Esagila
Nabu
Borsippa
Sumerian language
Mesopotamian
Elamites
Chaldea
Guti
Amurru
Arabs
Borsippa
Elam
Sardanapalus
Kandalanu
Nineveh
"ABC" 15

categories: 648 BC deaths,Babylonian kings,7th-century BC Babylonian kings,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Shamash-shum-ukin

paragraph: Shamash-shum-ukin (Assyrian: "Šamaš-šuma-ukin" "Shamash has established an heir") was the Assyrian king of Babylon from 667–648 BC. He was the second son of the Assyrian king Esarhaddon.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: His elder brother, crown prince Sîn-apla-iddina had died in 672, and in his stead the third son Ashurbanipal was invested as crown prince and later king of Assyria, while Shamash-shum-ukin remained crown prince of Babylonia. This arrangement caused some dissension, and at least one civil servant wrote the King warning against it. Provincial governors and vassals had to take an oath to accept this and to help the brothers gain their respective thrones in the event of Esarhaddon's death.

paragraph: When Esarhaddon unexpectedly died on a campaign against rebellious Egypt in 669, it was only the decisive action of his grandmother Naqi'a-Zakutu, widow of his grandfather Sennacherib and mother of his late father, that got Ashurbanipal on the throne, in the face of opposition by court officials and parts of the priesthood. Shamash-shum-ukin, the older brother, became viceroy of Babylonia. The arrangement was evidently intended to flatter the Babylonians by giving them once more the semblance of independence.

paragraph: In 668 BC Shamash-shum-ukin brought the statue of Marduk back to Babylon. The following year at the New Year's Day ritual, he took the hand of Bēl and became the legitimate king of Babylon.

paragraph: The Babylonian territory consisted of Babylon, Borsippa, Kutha and Sippar. As overlord, Ashurbanipal continued to offer royal sacrifices in these cities. While Shamash-shum-ukin was the sovereign ruler of the south in theory, Assyria maintained a garrison in Nippur, and some of the provincial governors tried to get into Assyrian favour. Letters by Sin-balassu-iqbi, governor of Ur show how he tried to ingratiate himself with Ashurbanipal.

paragraph: Ashurbanipal retained responsibility for Babylonia's defense and foreign policy; Shamash-shum-ukin handled economic matters and land tenure. Ashurbanipal took an active part in the restoration of sanctuaries in the south. A stela now in London commemorates his help in restoring the temple Esagila; another tells of how he restored the Nabu-temple in Borsippa. Even the Sumerian language was revived as the official tongue. For some time this worked well, however Shamash-shum-ukin became infused with Babylonian nationalism, and claimed that it was he rather than his younger brother that was the successor of the Mesopotamian monarchs whose empire stretched from Iran to the Mediterranean and from the Caucasus to Arabia and north Africa.

paragraph: In May 652 BC, Shamash-shum-ukin rose in rebellion. He formed a powerful coalition including Nabu-bel-shumate, king of the Mesopotamian Sealands, the Elamites, the Chaldean tribes of the South, the kings of Guti, Amurru and the Arabs from Arabia. After two years Babylon and Borsippa were besieged, and Elam was defeated and destroyed. Babylon yielded in June 648.

paragraph: A fragment of the annals of Ashurbanipal excavated at Nimrud says that Shamash-shum-ukin was wounded by an arrow. Another account says that he threw himself into his burning palace as Babylon fell to Assyrian troops, to be remembered by the Greeks in the story of Sardanapalus. However, since after his brother's death, Ashurbanipal reviewed Shamash-shum-ukin's property, including vehicles, horses, furniture, and retainers, J.D.A. MacGinnis regards the account of a grand conflagration as "pure fantasy". His successor on the throne of Babylon was Kandalanu (647–627 BC). Kandalanu, however, may have been either a throne name taken by Ashurbanipal himself or an Assyrian puppet ruler.

paragraph: MacGinnis believes that details of the siege of Babylon were later incorporated into Ctesias' account of the siege of Nineveh.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "ABC" 15: Chronicle Concerning the Reign of Šamaš-šuma-ukin

description: Babylonian king

wikidata_label: Shamash-shum-ukin

wikipedia_title: Shamash-shum-ukin


text:
Ecbatana
ancient Macedonian
Philip II of Macedon
Alexander the Great
lieutenant
Strategos
general
Philotas
treason
Illyria
Halos
Athens
Euboea
Attalus
Anatolia
Arrian
Anabasis of Alexander
Battle of Granicus
Diodorus Siculus
Asia Minor
Gordium
Cilicia
Tarsus
Sochi
Amanus Mountains
Battle of Gaugamela
Parallel Lives
Babylon
Drangiana
Media
David Gemmell's
Lion of Macedon
Terence Rattigan
Adventure Story
William Devlin
Alexander
Oliver Stone
John Kavanagh
Cleitus the Black
Livius
Parmenion
"Anabasis Alexandri"
2004 Film

categories: Ancient Macedonian generals,Generals of Alexander the Great,400s BC births,Generals of Philip II of Macedon,Year of birth unknown,330 BC deaths,People executed by Alexander the Great

paragraph: Parmenion

paragraph: Parmenion (also Parmenio; ; c. 400 – Ecbatana, 330 BC) was an ancient Macedonian general in the service of Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great. A nobleman, Parmenion rose to become Philip's chief military lieutenant and Alexander's Strategos (military general). He was assassinated after his son Philotas was convicted on a charge of treason.

paragraph: Section::::Military service to Philip II.

paragraph: During the reign of Philip II, Parmenion achieved a great victory over the Illyrians in 356 BC. Ten years later, Parmenion destroyed the southern Thessalian town of Halos. He was one of the Macedonian delegates appointed to conclude peace with Athens in 346 BC, and was sent with an army to oversee Macedonian influence in Euboea in 342 BC.

paragraph: In 336 BC Phillip II sent Parmenion, with Amyntas, Andromenes and Attalus, and an army of 10,000 men into Anatolia to make preparations to free the Greeks living on the western coast and islands from Persian rule. At first, all went well. The Greek cities on the western coast of Anatolia revolted until the news arrived that Philip had been murdered and had been succeeded by his young son Alexander. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated near Magnesia by the Persians under the command of the mercenary Memnon of Rhodes.

paragraph: Section::::Military service to Alexander.

paragraph: Although Alexander was recognized as king in Macedonia in October 336 BC his accession was opposed by Attalus, a general in Parmenion's army. In response, Parmenion put the general to death even though Parmenion was related to Attalus. However, Parmenion recognised that this was a necessary act if Alexander's succession was to be smooth. As a consequence, Alexander was in Parmenion's debt particularly given that Parmenion was his most experienced general and commanded a large army.

paragraph: As a result, a number of Parmenion's relatives were placed by Alexander in key positions in the Macedonian army. His youngest son Nicanor became commander of the infantry regiment known as the Shield bearers, his son-in-law Coenus commanded a phalanx battalion while another relative named Nicanor became admiral of the navy made up of Macedonia's Greek allies. Parmenion's friend Amyntas and his brother Asander were placed in key positions. Parmenion's oldest son Philotas was made commander of the Companion cavalry, a unit of 1800 horsemen that was Macedonia's most effective weapon in its battles. Parmenion became Alexander's second in command, the same position he had held under Philip.

paragraph: Section::::Campaign against the Persian Empire.

paragraph: In 334 BC, Alexander joined Parmenion in Anatolia with reinforcements, thus starting Alexander's campaign against Persia. During the great battles that followed, Parmenion commanded the left wing while Alexander himself commanded the right wing.

paragraph: Meanwhile, the Persian satraps of Cilicia, Lydia, Hellespontine Phrygia and other territories had assembled at Zelea, near Dascylium. The two armies met near the river Granicus. Most ancient sources agree that Parmenion advised Alexander not to attack and that it was Alexander's own idea to attack at once.

paragraph: Parmenion is said to have acted as a foil to his commander's innovative strategies, by expertly formulating the orthodox strategy. For instance, according to Arrian's "Anabasis of Alexander", at the Battle of Granicus, Parmenion suggested delay before the attack, as the army had already marched all day. Alexander attacked across the river regardless of this counsel and gained a victory nevertheless; however, Diodorus Siculus contradicts Arrian by stating clearly that Alexander accepted the advice. It is suggested that the Greeks were initially repulsed, and then stole a march on the Persians and crossed the river at night. This brought the Persian cavalry onto the field first against the Greeks the next morning, setting up a defeat in detail, as is reported in the accounts from that time. In any event, despite the Macedonians winning the overall battle, the near loss by Alexander during the battle may have tempered any youthful brashness on the part of Alexander, for he proceeded very cautiously the next six months or so as he liberated Greek cities in Asia Minor, and that muting of his aggressiveness is more in line with a near defeat.

paragraph: After the battle, Parmenion captured the Persian stronghold Dascylium, the capital of Hellespontine Phrygia. Later, he seized Magnesia and Tralleis. Asander was given responsibility for governing Lydia.

paragraph: Meanwhile, Alexander liberated the Greek towns in Anatolia including Sardes, Ephesus, Miletus and Halicarnassus. During the winter of 334-333 BC, the king moved through Lycia. At the same time, Parmenion invaded central Anatolia from the west, driving out the remaining Persian troops and occupying the region. The two forces met each other in April 333 BC at Gordium, the capital of Phrygia. The united army then moved east to Cilicia where Parmenion captured the city of Tarsus.

paragraph: Alexander planned to attack Darius in Sochi. However the Persian king with his large army had crossed the Amanus Mountains, captured Issus and then cut off the only Macedonian line of supply. The battle between the two forces took place south of Issus in November 333 BC. The Macedonians were victorious despite the Persian army being much larger, mainly because Parmenion had been able to counter the Persian attack. This gave Alexander a chance to launch a counter-attack.

paragraph: It has been stated that Parmenion counselled a night attack in 331 BC on Darius' assembled superior forces at the Battle of Gaugamela, which Alexander took as evidence that Darius would keep his troops at the ready through the night and offer the Macedonians some advantage if they rested for a battle in daylight. In Plutarch's Parallel Lives it is further suggested the escape of Darius was due to Parmenion's "sluggish and ineffectual" leadership, or even that he was jealous of Alexander's successes.

paragraph: Parmenion would continue to be a significant influence and commander up until the conquest of Babylon. A steady hand commanding the left was critical in the overall Macedonian scheme and philosophy of battle, allowing the king to strike the decisive blow.

paragraph: Section::::Assassination.

paragraph: After the conquest of Drangiana, Alexander was informed that Philotas, son of Parmenion, was involved in a conspiracy against his life. Philotas was condemned by the army and put to death. Alexander, fearing the consequences if he were to allow the father to live, sent orders to Media for the assassination of Parmenion. There was no proof that Parmenion was in any way implicated in the conspiracy, but he was not even afforded the opportunity of defending himself. In Alexander's defence, a disaffected Parmenion would have been a serious threat, especially since he was commanding an army and was stationed near Alexander's treasury and on his supply lines. Also, as head of Philotas' family, Parmenion would have been held responsible for his actions, despite a lack of evidence connecting them to him. Alexander therefore acted swiftly and sent Cleander and Sitalces on racing camels across the desert by the most direct route possible to assassinate Parmenion. Before the news reached Parmenion of Alexander's order, the two officers arrived and stabbed Parmenion to death.

paragraph: Section::::In fiction.

paragraph: Parmenion is the main character in David Gemmell's books "Lion of Macedon" and "Dark Prince".

paragraph: In the 1956 film "Alexander the Great", directed by Robert Rossen, Parmenion was played by Irish actor Niall MacGinnis.

paragraph: In the 1961 television version of Terence Rattigan's play "Adventure Story", Parmenion is played by William Devlin.

paragraph: In the 2004 film "Alexander", directed by Oliver Stone, Parmenion (played by John Kavanagh) is depicted as a trusted but conservative commander and is slightly marginalised. His execution is performed (inaccurately) by Cleitus the Black.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Livius, Parmenion by Jona Lendering

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anabasis Alexandri" by Arrian of Nicomedia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 Film at the Internet Movie Database.

description: Ancient Macedonian general

wikidata_label: Parmenion

wikipedia_title: Parmenion


text:
Haitian Maroon
Haiti
Haitian vodou
priest
houngan
Senegal
Mali
Guinea
Thomas Madiou
Haitian Vodou
Alejo Carpentier
magical realist
The Kingdom of this World
Guy Endore
Babouk
Nalo Hopkinson
Neil Gaiman
American Gods
The Serpent and the Rainbow
Assassin's Creed Rogue
Haitian Revolution
Haiti 1804-2007

categories: 1758 deaths,Haitian rebel slaves,People from Cap-Haïtien,Maroons (people),18th-century executions by France,Executed Haitian people,Year of birth unknown,People of Saint-Domingue,Haitian Vodou practitioners,People executed by France by burning

paragraph: François Mackandal

paragraph: François Mackandal (died 1758) was a Haitian Maroon leader in Haiti. He is sometimes described as a Haitian vodou priest, or houngan. Some sources describe him as a Muslim, leading some scholars to speculate that he was from Senegal, Mali, or Guinea, though this assertion is tenuous given the lack of biographical information from this era, and is highly contested. Haitian historian Thomas Madiou states that Mackandal "had instruction and possessed the Arabic language very well." But given the predominance of Haitian Vodou on the island, most assume Mackandal to be associated with this faith instead. In the book "Open door to Liberty," Mackandal was mentioned, talking about his life as a vodou priest and joining Maroons to kill whites in Saint Domingue, till he was captured and burned alive by French colonial authorities. Although the historical accuracy of Mackandal's life has been debated, his significance as a leader in the fight for Haitian independence has been immortalized through Haitian currency.

paragraph: The association of Mackandal with "black magic" seems to be a result of his use of poison, derived from natural plants:

paragraph: "The slave Mackandal, a houngan knowledgeable of poisons, organized a widespread plot to poison the masters, their water supplies and animals. The movement spread great terror among the slave owners and killed hundreds before the secret of Mackandal was tortured from a slave." (emphasis added)

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mackandal created poisons from island herbs. He distributed the poison to slaves, who added it to the meals and refreshments they served the French plantation owners and planters. He became a charismatic guerrilla leader who united the different Maroon bands and created a network of secret organizations connected with slaves still on plantations. According to C.L.R. James, Mackandal had equal eloquence to a European orator, and was only different in strength and vigor. He led Maroons to raid plantations at night, torch property, and kill the owners.

paragraph: In 1758, the French, fearing that Mackandal would drive all whites from the colony, tortured an ally of Makandal into divulging information that led to Makandal's capture. After six years of planning and building up an organization of black slaves throughout Haiti to poison the French, he was burned at the stake in the center square of Port-au-Prince in front of everyone. However, people from the crowd, particularly the black slaves, believed that Mackandal rose out of the flames and transformed into a winged beast that flew to safety.

paragraph: Beyond the sketch of historical events outlined above, a colorful and varied range of myths about the man's life exist. Various supernatural accounts of his execution, and of his escaping capture by the French authorities, are preserved in island folklore, and are widely depicted in paintings and popular art.

paragraph: It is speculated that Mackandal lost his right arm in a farming accident when it was caught in a sugarcane press and crushed between the rollers.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: One of the most well-known portraits of Mackandal is that in Alejo Carpentier's magical realist novel, "The Kingdom of this World".

paragraph: Mackandal's public torture and execution (via burning at the stake) is depicted vividly in Guy Endore's 1934 novel Babouk. Both Mackandal's rebel conspiracy and his brutal killing are shown as influential on Babouk (based on Boukman), who helps to lead a 1791 slave revolt.

paragraph: A fictionalized version of Mackandal also appears in Nalo Hopkinson's novel, "The Salt Roads" and in Mikelson Toussaint-Fils's novel, "Bloody trails: the Messiah of the islands" (in French, "Les sentiers rouges: Le Messie des iles").

paragraph: In Neil Gaiman's novel "American Gods", a boy named Agasu is enslaved in Africa and brought to Haiti, where he eventually loses his arm and leads a rebellion against the European establishment. This account is very similar to that of Mackandal's.

paragraph: C G S Millworth's novel, "Makandal's Legacy" tells of Makandal's fictional son, Jericho, and the gift of immortality he received as a result of his father's pact with the voodoo spirits, the lwa.

paragraph: The Harvard ethnobotanist and Anthropologist, Wade Davis, writes about Francois Macandal in his novel "The Serpent and the Rainbow." In the chapter "Tell my Horse" Davis explores the historical beginnings of vodoun culture and speculates Mackandal as a chief propagator of the Vodoun religion.

paragraph: In the video game "", the character Agaté mentions François Mackandal as having been his Assassin mentor, and also recalls how Mackandal was burned at the stake following his failed attempt to poison the colonists of Saint-Domingue. The game portrays a false Mackandal who is actually another character called Baptiste, who according to Agaté was once a brother and has also been trained by the real Mackandal. The character uses a Skull face painting and like the real Mackandal he is missing his right arm. Mackandal is also mentioned many times in "Assassin's Creed Rogue".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Haitian Revolution

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Prophetic Religion, Violence, and Black Freedom: Reading Makandal’s Project of Black Liberation through A Fanonian postcolonial lens of decolonization and theory of revolutionary humanism” by Celucien L. Joseph, Black Theology: An International Journal (2012): 9:3

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Louverture Project:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Haiti 1804-2007

description: Haitian Maroon leader

wikidata_label: François Mackandal

wikipedia_title: François Mackandal


text: American football

text: defensive end

text: Cleveland Browns

text: Minnesota Vikings

text: retired

text: safety

text: Wilsonville

text: Boyle County, Kentucky

text: Parksville

text: St. Louis Park, Minnesota

text: college football

text: The Ohio State University

text: Saskatchewan Roughriders

text: Canadian Football League

text: Bob Ptacek

text: Paul Dickson

text: 1962 NFL Draft

text: then-record 282 consecutive games

text: Jeff Feagles

text: NFL record

text: Brett Favre

text: Purple People Eaters

text: Alan Page

text: Gary Larsen

text: Carl Eller

text: Super Bowl

text: The Pigskin Club Of Washington, D.C.

text: Pro Football Hall of Fame

text: Minnesota Vikings

text: John Rolfe

text: San Francisco 49ers

text: end zone

text: safety

text: Norm Van Brocklin

text: Carl Eller

text: Roy Riegels

text: 1929 Rose Bowl

text: Darrell Green

text: Junior Seau

text: Iron man

categories: 1937 births,Minnesota Vikings players,African-American players of American football,Cleveland Browns players,American football defensive ends,Saskatchewan Roughriders players,People from Boyle County, Kentucky,Ohio State Buckeyes football players,African-American players of Canadian football,Canadian football defensive linemen,Living people,Players of American football from Kentucky

paragraph: Jim Marshall (American football)

paragraph: James Lawrence Marshall (born December 30, 1937) is a former American football player who was a defensive end for the Cleveland Browns (1960) and the Minnesota Vikings (1961–1979). At the time of his retirement, he owned the career records for most consecutive starts (270) and games played (282). The Vikings retired his No. 70. He is famous for his "wrong-way run" with the Vikings, in which he recovered a fumble and returned it 66 yards in the wrong direction and into his own end zone, resulting in a safety.

paragraph: He was born in Wilsonville, in Boyle County, Kentucky, near Parksville and now resides in St. Louis Park, Minnesota.

paragraph: Section::::Football career.

paragraph: Marshall played college football at The Ohio State University. He left school before his senior year, and played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League. He was then traded to the Browns in an unusual NFL-CFL transaction, Marshall was traded in exchange for Bob Ptacek by the Saskatchewan Roughriders. Marshall played the 1960 season with the Browns before being traded along with five other players (including fellow defensive lineman Paul Dickson) to the Minnesota Vikings in exchange for two draft picks in the 1962 NFL Draft. He then played from 1961 to 1979 with the Vikings and finished with a then-record 282 consecutive games (since surpassed by Jeff Feagles). He started 270 consecutive games while playing for the Vikings, an NFL record since surpassed by Brett Favre.

paragraph: He played in 2 Pro Bowls from 1968 to 1969. He recovered 30 fumbles, an NFL record. He was a member of the Vikings' famous "Purple People Eaters" (which consisted of Marshall (DE), Alan Page (DT), Gary Larsen (DT), and Carl Eller (DE), and was the final player from Minnesota's initial expansion team of 1961 to retire. The Vikings credit Marshall with 127 career quarterback sacks, third most in Viking History behind Alan Page and Carl Eller.

paragraph: He is one of 11 players to have played in all four of the Vikings Super Bowl appearances in the 1970s.

paragraph: Jim Marshall is also a member of The Pigskin Club Of Washington, D.C. National Intercollegiate All-American Football Players Honor Roll.

paragraph: In 2004, he was named to the Professional Football Researchers Association Hall of Very Good in the association's second HOVG class Marshall has only been a finalist for the Pro Football Hall of Fame once in 2004.

paragraph: Section::::The Wrong Way Run.

paragraph: During his time with the Minnesota Vikings, Marshall was involved in what is considered by many, including SI.com author John Rolfe, to be the most embarrassing moment in NFL history. On October 25, 1964 in a game against the San Francisco 49ers, Marshall recovered a fumble and ran 66 yards the wrong way into his own end zone. Thinking that he had scored a touchdown for the Vikings, Marshall then threw the ball away in celebration. The ball landed out of bounds, resulting in a safety for the 49ers. According to Marshall, when he approached Vikings head coach Norm Van Brocklin afterwards, Van Brocklin said, "Jim, you did the most interesting thing in this game today." Despite the gaffe, the Vikings won the game 27–22, with the final margin of victory provided by a Carl Eller touchdown return of a fumble caused by a Marshall sack. Marshall later received a letter from Roy Riegels, infamous for a wrong-way run in the 1929 Rose Bowl, stating, "Welcome to the club."

paragraph: Section::::NFL records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most seasons played by a defensive player: 20 (tied with Darrell Green and Junior Seau)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most complete seasons played by a defensive player: 20

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most consecutive games played by a defensive player: 282

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most consecutive regular season games played by a defensive player: 270

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most consecutive game starts by a defensive player: 282

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most consecutive regular season starts played by a defensive player: 270

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most fumbles recovered:30

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most Opponent's fumbles recovered: 29

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most yardage lost on a fumble recovery : 66

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iron man

description: Player of American and Canadian football

wikidata_label: Jim Marshall

wikipedia_title: Jim Marshall (American football)


text:
Budapest
Hungary
Hungarian
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Budapest
MTV
TV2
RTL Klub
TV2
Story4
atheist
skeptic
Hungarian Skeptic Society
Hungarian
left-wing
Ferenc Gyurcsány
liberal
SZDSZ
antifascist
Democratic Coalition
guitar
bassist
The Beatles
Paul McCartney
Jeopardy!
Legyen Ön is milliomos!
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
PokerFace
Balázs Sebestyén
Duel

categories: Skeptics,Democratic Coalition (Hungary) politicians,1949 births,Male bass guitarists,Living people,20th-century atheists,Atheism activists,Hungarian bass guitarists,Hungarian television personalities,Hungarian atheists

paragraph: István Vágó

paragraph: István Vágó (born as István Vágó on 14 February 1949 in Budapest, Hungary) is a Hungarian television host and political activist, best known as the host of ""Legyen ön is Milliomos!"" the Hungarian version of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?".

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Vágó was born and raised in Budapest. His original profession was a chemist, but he found a job working for Medimpex import-export company. Vágó speaks at least five languages.

paragraph: When Vágó started his career he wanted to create a political show, but it was impossible to create one like he wanted (dealing with internal politics, analyzing decisions of the system) at the time so he ended up hosting quiz shows.

paragraph: Vágó has been hosting various game shows, mostly quiz shows, since the '70s. He has become one of the more popular TV personalities in Hungary. He is usually known as "The Quiz Professor" by Hungarians. Vágó hosted "Millionaire" for several years; after a hiatus the show got back on the air in 2007, with Vágó hosting the redesigned show once again. The second run proved less successful with an eventual cancellation in 2008.

paragraph: He was the host of MTV for 22 years, then he changed for TV2, then RTL Klub. In 2009, he was the host of TV2, then

paragraph: hosted a game show "Átvágó", co-created by himself on Story4, which was cancelled after one season. Following the fail of "Átvágó" he announced his retirement as a television host.

paragraph: Section::::Politics and views.

paragraph: Vágó is an atheist and skeptic, and is the former president of the Hungarian Skeptic Society.

paragraph: He vocally supports the Hungarian left-wing, most notably former prime minister Ferenc Gyurcsány and the liberal SZDSZ party. He was present at antifascist demonstrations. Vágó spawned controversy when he campaigned vocally for Ferenc Gyurcsány and health minister Ágnes Horváth. In 2014 he participated in the elections as a representative of the left wing, supporting Gyurcsány's party, Democratic Coalition.

paragraph: Section::::Hobbies.

paragraph: Vágó plays the guitar since his early teens, and is the bassist of Hungarian band "Favágók". He is a huge fan of The Beatles and Paul McCartney.

paragraph: Section::::Shows hosted by István Vágó.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Van benne valami"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kerék Bár"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Az ország tesztje"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mindent vagy semmit" (Hungarian version of "Jeopardy!", aired during the mid-1990s)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Legyen Ön is milliomos!" ("Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "PókerArc" ("PokerFace"; with Balázs Sebestyén, another Hungarian television host)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Párbaj" ("Duel")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Átvágó"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hungarian commentator of the "Eurovision Song Contest" (1986–1989, 1990–1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- National final of the "Eurovision Song Contest" in Hungary (1996–1997)

description: Hungarian musician

wikidata_label: István Vágó

wikipedia_title: István Vágó


text:
Australian Grand Prix
1954
1961
Australian Drivers' Championship
HWM
Ferrari
Aston Martin
Cooper
1960 Armstrong 500
Bathurst 1000
NSU Prinz
1961 24 Hours of Le Mans
1960 Australian Grand Prix
Sandown International Raceway
Brabham
Climax
Diana Davison
Alex Davison
Will Davison
James Davison
Australian Grand Prix
World Champion
Michael Schumacher
CAMS
Austin 7

categories: Racing drivers from Melbourne,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,1965 deaths,Australian racing drivers,Tasman Series drivers,1923 births

paragraph: Lex Davison

paragraph: Alexander Nicholas Davison (12 February 1923 – 20 February 1965) was a racing driver who won the Australian Grand Prix four times between 1954 and 1961 and won the Australian Drivers' Championship in 1957. He drove HWM-Jaguar, Ferrari, Aston Martin and Cooper-Climax grand prix cars.

paragraph: Davison won Class A of the 1960 Armstrong 500, forerunner of the Bathurst 1000, driving an NSU Prinz.

paragraph: In 1961 he won the Aintree Grand Prix, finished third in the British Empire Trophy and placed tenth in the Intercontinental Championship - his only point being a sixth in the Guards Trophy, all whilst racing an Aston Martin.

paragraph: He competed at the 1961 24 Hours of Le Mans with Bib Stillwell in an Aston Martin DB4GT Zagato. Davison and Stillwell were invited to race for the Essex Racing Stable due to their involvement with Aston Martins in the Australian racing scene. Davison had finished second in the 1960 Australian Grand Prix and fourth in the Australian Gold Star Championship in an Aston Martin DBR4/300. Unfortunately their Le Mans adventure ended prematurely when a blown head gasket saw them retire on lap 25.

paragraph: On 20 February 1965 Davison died in a crash during practice for the 1965 International 100 at Sandown International Raceway. While accelerating through the dog leg of the back straight in his 2.5L Brabham Climax he suffered a heart attack. The car left the road at over 160 km/h, hit a culvert, somersaulted and crashed through a horse railing fence. Davison sustained severe head injuries and was dead when officials reached him.

paragraph: Davison was the husband of female racing driver Diana Davison and father of Australian racing drivers Jon Davison and Richard Davison and grandfather of Alex Davison, Will Davison and James Davison.

paragraph: Drivers who win the Australian Grand Prix are awarded the Lex Davison Trophy, so named to honor Davison who was the first 4-time winner of the event (the only other 4-time winner is 7-time World Champion Michael Schumacher). This trophy, designed and made in Britain by Mr Rex Hays to the order of CAMS, incorporates a silver model of the Austin 7 driven to victory in the first Australian Grand Prix in 1928.

description: Australian racing driver

wikidata_label: Lex Davison

wikipedia_title: Lex Davison


text:
Kita-in
Kawagoe
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Shogunate
Imperial Court in Kyoto
Enryaku-ji
Oda Nobunaga
gongen
Tokugawa shōgun
Tokugawa Hidetada
Tokugawa Iemitsu
Kan'ei-ji
Edo Castle
Ueno
Akechi Mitsuhide
Battle of Yamazaki
Sakura Wars
Sengoku Basara 3
Onimusha series
Samanosuke Akechi
Shin Megami Tensei IV
KITAIN
みつめよう私たちの国土-東京都（か～せ）
(社)日光観光協会オフィシャルサイト

categories: Japanese Buddhist monks,1643 deaths,Japanese centenarians,1536 births

paragraph: Tenkai

paragraph: His Buddhist name was first , which he changed to Tenkai in 1590. Also known as , he died in 1643, and was granted the posthumous title of in 1648.

paragraph: Tenkai was at Kita-in (then written 北院) in Kawagoe in 1588, and became abbot in 1599. He was on the staff of Tokugawa Ieyasu, and served as a liaison between the Tokugawa Shogunate and the Imperial Court in Kyoto. One of his projects was the rebuilding of Enryaku-ji, which had been devastated by Oda Nobunaga. He also revitalized Kita-in, and changed the characters of its name to 喜多院. Nearing death in 1616, Ieyasu entrusted Tenkai with his last will regarding matters of his funeral and his posthumous name. Tenkai selected "gongen" rather than "myōjin," and after death Ieyasu became known as Tōshō Daigongen.

paragraph: Tenkai continued to serve as a consultant to the next two Tokugawa shōguns. In 1624, retired shōgun Tokugawa Hidetada and ruling shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu asked him to establish Kan'ei-ji, a Buddhist temple to the northeast of Edo Castle in Ueno.

paragraph: There are several theories concerning his early life. Some fiction writers postulate that he was in actuality Akechi Mitsuhide. It is not certain whether Mitsuhide died at the Battle of Yamazaki or not, and some suppose that he survived and began a new life as the priest Tenkai.

paragraph: Section::::In popular media.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tenkai appears as the main villain in the first "Sakura Wars" game.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the game "Sengoku Basara 3" and the anime the character Tenkai is portrayed as a cryptic monk who speaks in riddles and wields twin scythes. As with the rumor above, Tenkai is actually a re-skinned model of Akechi Mitsuhide, from the game and anime's predecessor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the "Onimusha series", Samanosuke Akechi took on the identity of Tenkai in "".

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the video game "Shin Megami Tensei IV" Tenkai appears as a National Defense Divinity once the party reaches a later portion of Tokyo.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- KITAIN site

paragraph: BULLET::::- みつめよう私たちの国土-東京都（か～せ） (IPA, an agency of the Government of Japan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (社)日光観光協会オフィシャルサイト

description: Japanese buddhist monk

wikidata_label: Tenkai

wikipedia_title: Tenkai


text: Dong Zhuo

text: Eastern Han dynasty

text: Niu Fu

text: Chang'an

text: Emperor Xian

text: Li Jue

text: Yang Feng

text: Dong Cheng

text: Yellow Turban rebels

text: the coalition against Dong Zhuo

text: Niu Fu

text: Hu Zhen

text: Lü Bu

text: Sun Jian

text: Li Jue

text: Shaanxi

text: Zhu Jun

text: Tao Qian

text: Zhang Ji

text: Cao Cao

text: Lü Bu

text: Fan Chou

text: Li Jue

text: Zhang Ji

text: Niu Fu

text: Wang Yun

text: Jia Xu

text: Xu Rong

text: Lü Bu

text: Emperor Xian

text: Han Sui

text: Ma Teng

text: Liu Yan

text: ingested liquid feces

text: White Wave Bandits

text: Yang Feng

text: Dong Cheng

text: Xu Huang

text: Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

text: Chen, Shou

text: Records of the Three Kingdoms

text: Fan, Ye

text: Book of the Later Han

text: Pei, Songzhi

text: Sima, Guang

text: Zizhi Tongjian

categories: 2nd-century births,Dong Zhuo and associates,Assassinated Chinese politicians,Han dynasty warlords,197 deaths

paragraph: Guo Si

paragraph: Guo Si () (died 197), also known as Guo Duo, was a military general serving under the warlord Dong Zhuo during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He assisted Dong Zhuo in his many campaigns and served as a subordinate of Dong Zhuo's son-in-law, Niu Fu, after Dong Zhuo relocated the imperial capital to Chang'an. He later became one of the "de facto" regents of Emperor Xian, wherein they occupied the capital and held the emperor and imperial officials hostage. However, his downfall came when he quarrelled with his co-regent, Li Jue. He and Li Jue were ultimately defeated by Yang Feng and Dong Cheng, who assisted the emperor to flee the capital. Guo Si was eventually betrayed and murdered by one of his subordinates.

paragraph: Section::::Early to mid-career.

paragraph: As an early supporter of Dong Zhuo, he participated most of Dong Zhuo's major battles, including the subjugation of the Yellow Turban rebels, the battle of Liang Province, and the war with the coalition against Dong Zhuo.

paragraph: At the start of the war with the eastern warlords, Guo Si was sent to assist Niu Fu to develop Mei County into an invincible citadel, thus, they built up fortifications and stored 30 years of food supply there before Dong Zhuo moved the capital to Chang'an from Luoyang. After Hu Zhen and Lü Bu suffered a major defeat from the hands of Sun Jian and Dong Zhuo's retreat to Chang'an, Niu Fu, Guo Si and Li Jue were ordered to station in Shan (present-day Shaanxi), which was the front against the anti-Dong-Zhuo coalition. At the time the alliance was having internal conflicts and did not focus on fighting Guo Si and Li Jue, so the senior general Zhu Jun could only ask his old friend, Tao Qian to give him a hand in a futile effort to fight the forces of Dong Zhuo. Tao Qian, despite having a general alliance with Dong Zhuo, indeed sent 3,000 elite Danyang troops to help Zhu Jun in his battle against Guo Si and Li Jue at Zhongmu County, where Zhu Jun was totally crushed. Guo Si, Li Jue and Zhang Ji then performed raids around Chenliu and Yingchuan commanderies, wherein Cao Cao was unable to stop them, and many residents there were hijacked and enslaved.

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Chang'an.

paragraph: Because he was stationed outside the capital, Guo Si was able to return to Liang Province when Dong Zhuo was assassinated by Lü Bu. Along with his comrades Fan Chou, Li Jue and Zhang Ji, Guo Si initially wanted to make Niu Fu their leader, but the latter was so scared and listened to his subordinate, Huchi'er (胡赤兒), to flee with the treasures he had been saved all his life. However, Huchi'er murdered Niu Fu after he decided to take the wealth of his master for himself. Guo Si, along the other three generals, then pleaded the "de facto" leader of the Han central government, Wang Yun, for amnesty since they were Dong Zhuo's most trusted aides. To the exact contrary, Wang Yun granted amnesty to all of Dong Zhuo's former subordinates except for these four, so they planned to relinquish their positions and go into hiding. Jia Xu suggested that they should take this opportunity to launch a strike at Chang'an since the Liang Province forces' power base was actually unscathed after the coup. At the beginning of their campaign, not much Liang Province residents joined them, only several thousands soldiers followed the four, but the number grew along the way. Wang Yun sent Xu Rong and Hu Zhen to fight the Liang Province forces en route at An'feng, but Xu was killed in the first encounter and Hu led his troops (which originated from Liang) to join the rebels and the size of the rebel force was now greatly inflated. A fierce battle was fought outside the walls of Chang'an, where Guo Si personally duelled Lü Bu. Even Guo Si himself was defeated and was pierced by Lü Bu's spear, but he survived the wound and the Liang Province army pushed Lu back into the city. The four then surrounded Chang'an with their army and lied that they would leave if Wang Yun would go with them. Wang Yun, thinking that the four rebels only wanted his life and did not have the intention of conquering the city, committed suicide. After Wang Yun's death, the rebels managed to take control of Chang'an and secured power for themselves within the Han central government by taking Emperor Xian hostage and selecting imperial officials for the emperor.

paragraph: Section::::As a regent.

paragraph: The four then demanded high ranks, and Guo Si and Li Jue even thought about assassinating the emperor to take the throne, however was dissuaded from doing so by Fan Chou and Zhang Ji. With Li Jue as the leader of the rebels, the four took almost complete control of the court and demoted and promoted anyone at will.

paragraph: When the western forces of Han Sui, Ma Teng and Liu Yan formed an alliance to challenge the Han central government controlled by the four, Li Jue sent his nephew Li Li (李利), Guo Si and Fan Chou to counter the allied forces. The allied forces suffered a major defeat with casualties numbering up to 10,000 at a location about 13 miles west of Chang'an. Knowing the allied forces were low on supplies, Li Li asked Fan Chou to pursuit and wipe the enemy out, but Fan Chou refused because of his friendship with Han Sui. Li Li later reported this incident to Li Jue upon returning to Chang'an. Li Jue then assembled the officers for a banquet, wherein he openly executed Fan Chou for betrayal and causing the Liang Province officers to distrust him.

paragraph: At the time, Guo Si's jealous wife became suspicious that her husband was having an affair with one of Li Jue's concubines so she decided to prevent her husband from attending Li Jue's banquets. She poisoned the gifts of food that Li Jue had given to them and convinced her husband that he should not be so trusting of Li Jue. Later, Guo Si became very drunk at another one of Li Jue's banquets and suddenly convinced himself that he was poisoned. He ingested liquid feces to force himself to vomit, which greatly offended Li Jue and drove the two leaders to battle. The situation ended up with Li Jue kidnapping Emperor Xian and Guo Si kidnapping the emperor's ministers.

paragraph: Section::::Downfall and death.

paragraph: However, the situation was totally out of control: there were several tens of battles fought everyday in the alleys or market at its peak. The frequent battles had made Chang'an untenable for its inhabitants. Therefore, Emperor Xian asked Jia Xu to request a truce between Guo Si and Li Jue, who listened to Jia Xu and temporarily ceased fighting.

paragraph: Taking advantage of the chaos and massive confusion caused by the civil war between Li Jue and Guo Si, Emperor Xian sneaked out of Chang'an and was rescued by the leader of the White Wave Bandits, Yang Feng. Yang Feng, along with Dong Cheng, Yang Ding and Xu Huang, defeated Guo Si, who had led his troops in pursuit of the emperor. Guo Si returned to Li Jue to make a last-ditch effort to recapture Emperor Xian. Li Jue and Guo Si gained initial success by defeating Yang Ding, but were driven back by Yang Feng and Dong Cheng. Since then, Guo Si returned to Mei County and never took further action to retrieve the emperor, while Li Jue occupied Chang'an.

paragraph: Cao Cao became the next hegemonist to seize control of Emperor Xian as Dong Zhuo, Li Jue and Guo Si had done before him. The power of Li Jue and Guo Si had greatly diminished resulting from previous infighting and the loss of Emperor Xian. Guo Si was eventually slain by his subordinate Wu Xi (伍習), who led his remnants to join Li Jue in 197.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chen, Shou (3rd century). "Records of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fan, Ye (5th century). "Book of the Later Han" ("Houhanshu").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). "Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi zhu").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sima, Guang (1084). "Zizhi Tongjian".

description: Chinese warlord

wikidata_label: Guo Si

wikipedia_title: Guo Si


text: professional wrestler

text: World Championship Wrestling

text: Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling

text: Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre

text: Asistencia Asesoría y Administración

text: World Wrestling Association

text: independent circuit

text: Perros del Mal Producciones

text: ring name

text: masked

text: Luchador

text: Halloween

text: Xtreme Pro Wrestling

text: Bestia 666

text: Rey Misterio

text: ring persona

text: Tokusatsu

text: Ultraman

text: Ultraman

text: World Wrestling Association

text: WWA World Trios Championship

text: Louie Spicolli

text: Tim Paterson

text: Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling

text: Hardcore

text: Atsushi Onita

text: The Omen

text: Korakuen Hall

text: Eiji Ezaki

text: The Sheik

text: Sabu

text: Mr. Gannosuke

text: Mr. Pogo

text: Hideki Hosaka

text: 6th Anniversary Show

text: Kawasaki Stadium

text: Psicosis

text: Asistencia Asesoría y Administración

text: Luchas de Apuestas

text: World Championship Wrestling

text: Battle Royal

text: World War 3 1996

text: Eddie Guerrero

text: Latino World Order

text: Halloween

text: Revolution Pro

text: Xtreme Pro Wrestling

text: All Japan Pro Wrestling

text: K-Malik Shabazz

text: XPW World Tag Team Champions

text: M-Dogg 20

text: Quicksilver

text: Scorpio Sky

text: Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre

text: Nicho el Millonario

text: Los Nuevos Infernales

text: El Satánico

text: Averno

text: Mephisto

text: Mexican National Trios Championship

text: Los Perros del Mal

text: Perro Aguayo, Jr.

text: Mr. Águila

text: Máximo

text: El Sagrado

text: El Texano, Jr.

text: La Sombra

text: Volador, Jr.

text: World Wrestling Entertainment

text: One Night Stand

text: Perros del Mal Producciones

text: Verano de Escandalo

text: L.A. Park

text: El Mesías

text: Cibernético

text: La Parka

text: Triplemanía XIX

text: X-Fly

text: Los Psycho Circus

text: AAA World Trios Champions

text: Verano de Escándalo

text: Bestia 666

text: Ray Mendoza, Jr.

text: Villano IV

text: La Jaula de la Muerte

text: Héroes Inmortales

text: Super Nova

text: Asistencia Asesoría y Administración

text: AAA World Trios Championship

text: 1 time

text: Halloween

text: X-Fly

text: 1 time

text: Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre

text: Mexican National Trios Championship

text: 2 times

text: Nicho el Millonario

text: Mr. Águila

text: 2 times

text: Bestia 666

text: X-Fly

text: Headhunter I

text: Copa Higher Power

text: El Hijo de Lizmark

text: Pro Wrestling Illustrated

text: PWI 500

text: World Wrestling Association

text: WWA Middleweight Championship

text: 1 time

text: WWA Tag Team Championship

text: 1 time

text: Bestia 666

text: WWA World Trios Championship

text: 2 times

text: Xtreme Latin American Wrestling

text: Xtreme Pro Wrestling

text: XPW World Tag Team Championship

text: 2 times

text: AAA profile

categories: Mexican male professional wrestlers,People from Tijuana,Mexican people of Basque descent,1961 births,The Latino World Order members,Living people

paragraph: Damián 666

paragraph: Leonardo Carrera Gómez (born June 9, 1961) is a Mexican professional wrestler best known under the name Damián 666. He has worked for World Championship Wrestling (WCW), Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW), Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA), World Wrestling Association (WWA) and various promotions on the Mexican independent circuit, including "Perros del Mal Producciones" (PdM). Carrera also worked under the ring name Galaxy in WCW, a masked Luchador. Carrera often teams with Halloween, leading to the formation of the team "Mexico's Most Wanted", which has worked extensively in North America for such promotions as Xtreme Pro Wrestling (XPW) and Revolution Pro Wrestling (RPW). Carrera's son currently wrestles for on the international independent circuit as Bestia 666.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Early career (1985–1991).

paragraph: Carrera made his debut in 1985 after being trained by Luis Canales, he would later receive additional training by Rey Misterio. Carrera's first ring persona was a masked persona called "Caballero 2000" (Spanish for "Knight 2000"). After working as Caballero 2000 for a couple of years, Carrera's ring persona was recast in the fall of 1987. He became Ultraman II, patterned after the Japanese Tokusatsu TV show Ultraman, and worked as a successor for the now unmasked Ultraman (Milo Ventura). "Lucha Libre" Magazine renamed him Ultraman 2000 in 1988. Carrera began working for the Mexican wrestling promotion World Wrestling Association (WWA), where he teamed up with Aguila del América and Kiss to win the WWA World Trios Championship from Bill Anderson, Louie Spicolli and Tim Paterson (masked as Los Mercenarios Americanos) on December 12, 1991; this was Carrera's first title victory.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (1991–1996).

paragraph: During 1991 Carrera began working in Japan for Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW) where he was billed as "Amigo Ultra", to avoid any legal problems over the "Ultraman" trademark. While working in FMW Carrera's wrestling style was influenced by the Hardcore style of wrestling that FMW promoted. Atsushi Onita gave Garrera a new character: Demian, inspired in the movie The Omen. On July 16, 1993, Demian debuted in the Korakuen Hall. He and Zombi beat Battle Ranger and Eiji Ezaki. His ring persona was diabolical, so he wore facepaint and dark clothes instead of the mask and bright colors of Amigo Ultra. On December 7, 1993, Demian begins a society with The Sheik and Sabu wrestling against Onita, Sambo Asako and Mr. Gannosuke in Chiba's Choshishi Gym. Demian and Sabu participate in a Barbed Wire Tag Tournament in January, 1994. In March, 13, the trio was defeated by Mr. Pogo, Goro Tsurumi and Hideki Hosaka in the Heiwajima TV Theater in Tokyo. The Sheik blamed Demian for the losing and a feud started. The feud culminated on May 5, 1995, at the 6th Anniversary Show at the Kawasaki Stadium, where he wrestled two matches. In the first match, Carrera competed as Amigo Ultra and teamed with Ultra Taro to defeat Battle Ranger Z and Mach Hayato and then he competed as Damian against Sheik, in a match which he lost.

paragraph: Later on his name was modified to "Damián 666", with the addition of 666 stemming from the fact that he had taken to painting those numbers on his forehead. Damién 666's ring persona earned him the nickname "La Bestia del Apocalipsis" (Spanish for "The Beast of the Apocalypse"). By 1995 Carrera returned to North America working as Ultraman 2000 on some shows in Mexico and as Damién 666 in the US and some shows in Mexico. He teamed up with Aguila de American and Kiss once again to capture the WWA World Trios Championship. He also captured the WWA Middleweight Championship, working as Ultraman 2000 and also won the Mexican National Welterweight Championship from Psicosis in a "title vs. title" match on an Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) show. On March 16, 1996 Carrera lost the Ultraman 2000 gimmick in a "Luchas de Apuestas" mask vs. mask match against Psicosis. After being unmasked, Carrera abandoned the Ultraman 2000 ring persona completely and started working exclusively as Damién 666. This change meant that he had to vacate the Mexican Welterweight title.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:World Championship Wrestling (1996–1999).

paragraph: In the fall of 1996 Carrera was one of the many Mexican Luchadors brought in to work for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) to bolster their Cruiserweight division. Carrera worked both as "Damian", his regular ring persona and as "Galaxy", a masked "Space Cadet" type of character, without any public acknowledgement that it was the same man working as both characters. He was a part of the 60 man Battle Royal at the World War 3 1996, 1997 and 1998. Beyond the three appearances, Carrera worked mainly as a low-card wrestler without much in-ring success. When Eddie Guerrero formed the Latino World Order (lWo) Carrera was one of the Luchadors that joined, but never made much headway in the group.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Independent circuit.:Mexico's Most Wanted (2000–2005).

paragraph: During Carrera's stint in WCW he began teaming with Halloween (who also worked as "Ciclope"), something which they decided to continue to do after both wrestlers left WCW. The two of them began working for South Californian promotions such as Revolution Pro and Xtreme Pro Wrestling (XPW) under the moniker "Mexico's Most Wanted". In 2000 and 2001 Damián 666 and Halloween toured with All Japan Pro Wrestling, working tag team and some times six man tag team matches with other Luchadors. On July 20, 2002 Mexico's Most Wanted defeated the teams of American Wild Child and Shady, Juantastico and Pogo The Clown and the New Panthers (K-Malik Shabazz and Raphael Muhammed) to become the first ever XPW World Tag Team Champions. On December 21, 2002 they lost the title to Youthanazia (Josh Prohibition and M-Dogg 20), but regained then just a month later. A week after winning the titles for the second time Mexico's Most Wanted lost them back to Youthanasia before leaving XPW. Later in 2003 Mexico's Most Wanted defeated The Aerial Express (Quicksilver and Scorpio Sky) to win the vacant Revolution Pro Tag Team championship, which they held for nine months.

paragraph: In 2002 Damián 666 and Halloween began working for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Mexico's largest and the world's oldest wrestling promotion. They were joined by Nicho el Millonario to form a group called "La Familia de Tijuana", playing off the fact that all three wrestlers got their start in Tijuana and knew each other from back then. La Familia banded together to defeat "Los Nuevos Infernales", the team of El Satánico, Averno and Mephisto, to win the Mexican National Trios Championship on September 27, 2002. La Familia defended the title well into 2003 until Nicho left the company in June 2003. By the end of June the team was stripped of the championship, as they could not defend the title.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Independent circuit.:Perros del Mal (2005–2012).

paragraph: After Nicho left CMLL the "La Famila" group was disbanded and instead Damián 666 and Halloween was made part of a new super group that was forming, Los Perros del Mal, led by Perro Aguayo, Jr.. In December, 2005 Halloween injured his neck and knee, forcing him out of the ring while he recovered. During Halloween's injury Damián 666 began teaming regularly with fellow Perros del Mal member Mr. Águila. When Halloween returned the trio of Damián 666, Halloween and Mr. Águila defeated Máximo, El Sagrado and El Texano, Jr. for the Mexican National Trios Championship. The trio lost the championship to El Sagrado, La Sombra and Volador, Jr. in August 2007 after which Halloween left CMLL. Damián 666 remained in CMLL and remained with Los Perros del Mal ending the 8-year run as Mexico's Most Wanted. In June 2008, Damián 666 was backstage at the World Wrestling Entertainment PPV One Night Stand and worked a tryout match later on. It was reported that the WWE considered offering Damián 666 a contract but nothing came of it.

paragraph: In November 2008, Perro Aguayo, Jr. left CMLL over creative differences. Damián 666 and Mr. Águila followed Aguayo out of CMLL and helped launch their own promotion, "Perros del Mal Producciones". Besides working in Producciones Perros del Mal as the matchmaker, Damián 666 has also worked for Alianza Universal De Lucha Libre (AULL) and International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG). In 2009 Halloween joined the Perros del Mal promotion, reuniting with Damián 666. In June 2010, Damián 666 became a major part of a storyline, where "Los Perros del Mal" invaded AAA. On August 14, 2010, at "Verano de Escandalo", in the first major match between "Los Perros del Mal" and AAA, El Hijo del Perro Aguayo, Damián 666 and L.A. Park defeated El Mesías, Cibernético and La Parka in a six-man tag team match. On June 18, 2011, at Triplemanía XIX, Halloween, Damián 666 and X-Fly defeated "Los Psycho Circus" in a tournament final to become the first ever AAA World Trios Champions. On July 31 at "Verano de Escándalo", "Los Perros del Mal" faced "Los Psycho Circus" in a steel cage match, where the last person left in the cage would lose either his hair or mask. The match ended with Psycho Clown escaping the cage, leaving X-Fly inside and forcing him to have his hair shaved off. After a "Perros del Mal Producciones" event on August 20, Carrera announced his retirement from professional wrestling as soon as he had fulfilled the rest of his commitments for AAA and various independent promotions. On August 28, Damián 666, his son Bestia 666 and X-Fly defeated "Los Psycho Circus", "Los Temerarios" (Black Terry, Durok and Machin) and "Los Villanos" (Kortiz, Ray Mendoza, Jr. and Villano IV) in a steel cage match to win the IWRG Intercontinental Trios Championship during IWRG's "La Jaula de la Muerte" ("The Cage of Death") show. On October 9 at Héroes Inmortales, "Los Perros del Mal" and "Los Psycho Circus" ended their year-long rivalry, when Damián 666, Halloween and Nicho el Millonario were defeated in a Masks vs. Hairs steel cage match and were all shaved bald. After a five-month break from the rivalry, "Los Perros del Mal" lost the AAA World Trios Championship to "Los Psycho Circus" on March 11, 2012. The following day, Damián 666, Halloween and X-Fly announced that they had quit "Los Perros del Mal".

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Independent circuit.:La Familia de Tijuana (2012–present).

paragraph: On March 13, 2012, Damián 666, Bestia 666, Halloween, Super Nova and X-Fly announced that they were forming "La Familia de Tijuana", a group of independent wrestlers, much like "Los Perros del Mal", with the exception that they were not looking to form their own promotion. It was also revealed that originally only Damián and his son were looking to get out of "Los Perros del Mal", but the others joined them after learning of their intentions. On March 29, IWRG was officially announced as "La Familia de Tijuana"'s new home promotion. On April 19, Damián 666's longtime partner Halloween severed his ties with "La Familia de Tijuana" and returned to "Los Perros del Mal".

paragraph: Section::::Championships and accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Asistencia Asesoría y Administración

paragraph: BULLET::::- AAA World Trios Championship (1 time) – with Halloween and X-Fly

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mexican National Welterweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mexican National Trios Championship (2 times) – with Halloween and Nicho el Millonario (1), Halloween and Mr. Águila (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Federacion Internacional de Lucha Libre

paragraph: BULLET::::- FILL Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Halloween

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Wrestling All Stars

paragraph: BULLET::::- IWAS World Light Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Wrestling Revolution Group

paragraph: BULLET::::- IWRG Intercontinental Trios Championship (2 times) – with Bestia 666 and X-Fly (1), and Headhunter I and X-Fly (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Copa Higher Power (2011) – with El Hijo de Lizmark

paragraph: BULLET::::- North American Wrestling Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- NAWA Middleweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nueva Generacion Xtrema

paragraph: BULLET::::- NGX World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Halloween

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pro Wrestling Illustrated

paragraph: BULLET::::- PWI ranked him #93 of the top 500 wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Revolution Pro

paragraph: BULLET::::- Revolution Pro World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Halloween

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Wrestling Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWA Middleweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWA Tag Team Championship (1 time, current) – with Bestia 666

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWA World Trios Championship (2 times) – with Aguila de Americano and Kiss

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Wrestling Organization

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWO Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Halloween

paragraph: BULLET::::- Xtreme Latin American Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- XLAW Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Halloween (2), Estrella Dorada Jr. (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Xtreme Pro Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- XPW World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Halloween

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- AAA profile

description: Mexican professional wrestler

wikidata_label: Damián 666

wikipedia_title: Damián 666


text: Jewish

text: Polish

text: violin

text: Gibson ex-Huberman Stradivarius

text: Israel Philharmonic Orchestra

text: Third Reich

text: Mieczysław Michałowicz

text: Maurycy Rosen

text: Warsaw Conservatory

text: Isidor Lotto

text: Joseph Joachim

text: Louis Spohr

text: Henri Vieuxtemps

text: Frédéric Chopin

text: Netherlands

text: Belgium

text: Arthur Rubinstein

text: Adelina Patti

text: Vienna

text: Johannes Brahms

text: Ernő Dohnányi

text: Anschluss

text: Sumatra

text: Corsier-sur-Vevey

text: Palestine

text: Promised Land

text: Wilhelm Furtwängler

text: State of Israel

text: Israel Philharmonic Orchestra

text: Jacob Surowicz

text: William Steinberg

text: Arturo Toscanini

text: Josh Aronson

text: Zubin Mehta

text: Pinchas Zukerman

text: Joshua Bell

text: Albert Einstein

text: Stradivarius

text: Vienna

text: New York City

text: Carnegie Hall

text: Guarnerius

text: New York City

text: Lloyd's of London

text: National Symphony Orchestra

text: Washington, D.C.

text: J & A Beare

text: Norbert Brainin

text: Joshua Bell

text: Holocaust

text: Sigmund Rolat

text: Beethoven

text: Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra

text: George Szell

text: Columbia Records

text: Ignaz Friedman

text: Lalo

text: Tchaikovsky

text: Berlin State Opera Orchestra

text: William Steinberg

text: Mendelssohn

text: Bronisław Huberman - biography

text: Orchestra of Exiles

text: - on IMDB

categories: Polish Jews,Polish classical violinists,Jewish classical violinists,1947 deaths,Polish music educators,Fonotipia Records artists,Male violinists,1882 births,20th-century classical violinists,Child classical musicians

paragraph: Bronisław Huberman

paragraph: Bronisław Huberman (19 December 1882 – 16 June 1947) was a Jewish Polish violinist. He was known for his individualistic and personal interpretations and was praised for his tone color, expressiveness, and flexibility. The "Gibson ex-Huberman Stradivarius" violin which bears his name was stolen and recovered twice during the period in which he owned the instrument. Huberman is also remembered for founding the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra (then known as the Palestine Philharmonic) and thus providing refuge from the Third Reich for nearly 1,000 European Jews.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Huberman was born in Częstochowa, Poland. In his youth he was a pupil of Mieczysław Michałowicz and Maurycy Rosen at the Warsaw Conservatory, and of Isidor Lotto in Paris. In 1892 he studied under Joseph Joachim in Berlin. Despite being only ten years old, he dazzled Joachim with performances of Louis Spohr, Henri Vieuxtemps, and the transcription of a Frédéric Chopin nocturne. However, the two did not get along well, and after Huberman's fourteenth birthday he took no more lessons. In 1893 he toured the Netherlands and Belgium as a virtuoso performer. Around this time, the six-year-old Arthur Rubinstein attended one of Huberman's concerts. Rubinstein's parents invited Huberman back to their house and the two boys struck up what would become a lifetime friendship. In 1894 Adelina Patti invited Huberman to participate in her farewell gala in London, which he did, and in the following year he actually eclipsed her in appearances in Vienna. In 1896 he performed the violin concerto of Johannes Brahms in the presence of the composer, who was stunned by the quality of his playing.

paragraph: He married the German actress Elza Galafrés (also described as a singer and ballerina). They had a son, Johannes, but the marriage did not last. She later met the Hungarian composer and pianist Ernő Dohnányi, but neither Huberman nor Dohnányi's then wife would consent to divorce. Elza and Dohnányi nevertheless had a child out of wedlock in 1917, and in 1919, after Huberman had granted her a divorce, she married Dohnányi, who then adopted Huberman's son Johannes.

paragraph: In the 1920s and early 1930s, Huberman toured around Europe and North America with the pianist Siegfried Schultze and performed on the most famous stages (Carnegie in New York, Scala in Milan, Musikverein in Vienna, Konzerthaus in Berlin...). Over the course of many years, the duet Huberman-Schultze were regularly invited in private by European Royal Families. Countless recordings of these artists were done during that period at the "Berliner Rundfunk" and were unfortunately destroyed during the Second World War.

paragraph: In 1937, a year before the Anschluss, Huberman left Vienna and took refuge in Switzerland. The following year, his career nearly ended as a result of an airplane accident in Sumatra in which his wrist and two fingers of his left hand were broken. After intensive and painful retraining he was able to resume performing. At the onset of the Second World War, Huberman was touring South Africa and was unable to return to his home in Switzerland until after the war. Shortly thereafter he fell ill from exhaustion and never regained his strength. He died in Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland, on June 16, 1947, at age 64.

paragraph: Section::::Palestine Symphony Orchestra.

paragraph: In 1929 Huberman first visited Palestine and developed his vision of establishing classical music in the Promised Land. In 1933, during the Nazis' rise to power, Huberman declined invitations from Wilhelm Furtwängler to return to preach a "musical peace", but wrote instead an open letter to German intellectuals inviting them to remember their essential values. In 1936 he founded the "Palestine Symphony Orchestra" (which upon the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 was renamed the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra). For the orchestra, Huberman recruited leading Jewish musicians from Europe, showing "the prescience to realize that far more than a new job was at stake for these artists" — for "if it hadn't been for Huberman, dozens of musicians and their families — nearly 1000 people in all — would nearly certainly have died if they had stayed in countries including Germany, Austria, Poland and Hungary." He was assisted by violinist Jacob Surowicz. Conductor William Steinberg, then known as Hans Wilhelm Steinberg, trained the orchestra. The first concert, on December 26, 1936 was conducted by Arturo Toscanini; Huberman had invited the Italian maestro when he heard of his refusing to perform in Germany to protest the Nazi takeover. The 2012 documentary film "Orchestra of Exiles" by writer, director and producer Josh Aronson recreates Huberman's work creating the orchestra through interviews and reenactments. Featuring interviews with Zubin Mehta, Pinchas Zukerman, Joshua Bell, and many other notable musicians, the film details how Huberman rescued nearly 1000 Jewish musicians and their families and created the Palestine Symphony Orchestra. The film also details how famous Jews and leading historical figures, such as Albert Einstein, were vital in creating the orchestra.

paragraph: Section::::Stradivarius theft.

paragraph: Before 1936, Huberman's principal instrument for his concerts was a 1713-vintage Stradivarius "Gibson," which was named after one of its early owners, the English violinist George Alfred Gibson. It was stolen twice. In 1919, it was taken from Huberman's Vienna hotel room, but recovered by the police within 3 days. The second time was in New York City. On February 28, 1936, while giving a concert at Carnegie Hall, Huberman switched the Stradivarius "Gibson" with his newly acquired Guarnerius violin, leaving the Stradivarius in his dressing room during intermission. It was stolen either by New York City nightclub musician Julian Altman or a friend of his. Altman kept the violin for the next half century. Huberman's insurance company, Lloyd's of London, paid him US$30,000 for the loss in 1936.

paragraph: Altman went on to become a violinist with the National Symphony Orchestra in Washington, D.C. and performed with the stolen Stradivarius for many years. In 1985, Altman made a deathbed confession to his wife, Marcelle Hall, that he had stolen the violin. Two years later, she returned it to Lloyd's and collected a finder's fee of US$263,000. The instrument underwent a 9-month restoration by J & A Beare Ltd., in London. In 1988, Lloyd's sold it for US$1.2 million to British violinist Norbert Brainin. In October 2001, the American violinist Joshua Bell purchased it for just under US$4,000,000.

paragraph: The instrument, which is now known as the Gibson-Huberman, was the focus of the 2012 documentary "The Return of the Violin" by director Haim Hecht which featured interviews with musicians such as Joshua Bell, Zubin Mehta, Holocaust-survivor Sigmund Rolat and many other musicians.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: The town of Częstochowa renamed its orchestra as the "Bronislaw Huberman Philharmonic" in honor of its native violinist.

paragraph: Section::::Recordings.

paragraph: Huberman made several commercial recordings of large-scale works, among which are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beethoven: Violin Concerto (w. Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, cond. George Szell) (Columbia Records, LX 509-13) (18–20 June 1934).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beethoven: Kreutzer Sonata (no. 9) (w. Ignaz Friedman, piano) (Columbia Records, C-67954/7D)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lalo: Symphonie Espagnole (omits 3rd mvmt.) (w. Vienna Philharmonic, cond. George Szell) (Columbia Records, C-68288/90D)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tchaikovsky: Violin Concerto (w. Berlin State Opera Orchestra, cond William Steinberg) (Columbia Records, C-67726/9D) (December 1928; originally for Odeon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mendelssohn: Violin Concerto (2nd & 3rd mvmts) (w. Siegfried Schulze, piano) (Brunswick Records, PD-27242: acoustic)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Also Bach Concerti 1 & 2, and Mozart Concerto 3.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Several other large works exist in off-air broadcast recordings, including the Brahms concerto.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Roth, "Bronislaw Hubermann", in "Violin Virtuosos, From Paganini to the 21st Century", Los Angeles, California Classics Books, 1997, pp. 70–79

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean-Michel Molkhou, "Bronisław Hubermann", in "Les grands violonistes du XXe siècle. Tome 1- De Kreisler à Kremer, 1875-1947", Paris, Buchet Chastel, 2011, pp. 51–54

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bronislaw Huberman - Violin Virtuoso, Humanitarian, Founder of Palestine Orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bronisław Huberman - biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orchestra of Exiles on IMDB

paragraph: BULLET::::- - "The Return of the Violin" (documentary) on Vimeo and - on IMDB

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Huberman, B, "Aus der Werkstatt des Virtuosen" (Heller, Leipzig 1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- R. T. Darrell, Encyclopedia of Recorded Music (Gramophone Shop, New York 1936).

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Eaglefield-Hull (Ed.), A Dictionary of Modern Music and Musicians (Dent, London 1924).

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Tubeuf, 'L'archet au coeur d'or', Sleevenote, EMI reissue of Beethoven Concerto (vinyl c1985) Cat EMI/Pathe-Marconi PM 322.

description: Polish musician

wikidata_label: Bronisław Huberman

wikipedia_title: Bronisław Huberman


text:
Classical Latin
Licinius
"Caesar"
"Augustus"
Flavia Julia Constantia
Constantine I
Battle of Chrysopolis
Thessalonica
Pola
Crispus
Africa

categories: Valerii,4th-century executions,Executed ancient Roman people,Constantine the Great,326 deaths,4th-century Romans,Year of birth unknown,Caesares,Imperial Roman consuls,Caesar emperors,Executed children,315 births,People executed by the Roman Empire,Licinii,Constantinian dynasty

paragraph: Licinius II

paragraph: Licinius II or Licinius the Younger (, Classical Latin pronunciation lɪˈkɪ.ni.ʊs; full name: "Valerius Licinianus Licinius"; c. 315 – c. 326) was the son of the Roman emperor Licinius.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: On the first of March 317, he was raised to the rank of "Caesar" at the age of 20 months, nominally serving as such in the eastern empire until 324, while his father was "Augustus". His mother was Licinius' wife Flavia Julia Constantia, who was the half-sister of Constantine I.

paragraph: After his defeat by Constantine at the Battle of Chrysopolis (18 September 324), Licinius the elder was initially spared and placed in captivity at Thessalonica. However, within a year Constantine seems to have regretted his leniency and the former Emperor was hanged. Immediately, after his father's defeat and capitulation the younger Licinius was stripped of his title of Caesar.

paragraph: The younger Licinius, who was Constantine's nephew, also fell victim to the emperor's suspicions and was killed, in Pola, probably in the context of the execution of Crispus in 326.

paragraph: Other reports relate that Licinius the Younger was forced into slavery in the imperial textile factories in Africa, where a "son of Licinianus" is noted in an imperial rescript dated 336. However, the rescript makes it clear that the "son of Licinianus" referred to was not likely to have been Licinius II, as the text contains a directive that the textile worker be reduced to the slave status of his birth. No son of Constantine's sister would have been referred to in this manner.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dietmar Kienast: "Römische Kaisertabelle. Grundzüge einer römischen Kaiserchronologie". Wiss. Buchgesellschaft, 3. Auflage, Darmstadt 2004 (unveränderter Nachdruck der 2., durchgesehenen und erw. Auflage 1996), S. 296, .

description: Roman emperor

wikidata_label: Licinius II

wikipedia_title: Licinius II