text:
scholar-official
Ming dynasty
Suzhou
Neo-Confucianism
Zhu Xi
Wang Yangming
Li Zhi
Suzhou
Jiangsu
courtesy name
art name
polydactyly
county magistrate
Xingning
Nanjing
Tang Yin
Wen Zhengming
Neo-Confucianism
Li Zhi

categories: 15th-century Chinese poets,1461 births,Ming dynasty poets,Poets from Jiangsu,Ming dynasty calligraphers,Artists from Suzhou,1527 deaths,Ming dynasty politicians,16th-century Chinese calligraphers,Writers from Suzhou,16th-century Chinese poets,15th-century Chinese calligraphers

paragraph: Zhu Yunming

paragraph: Zhu Yunming (; 1461–1527) was a Chinese calligrapher, poet, writer, and scholar-official of the Ming dynasty, known as one of the "Four Talents of Wu" (Suzhou). Most admired for his accomplishment in calligraphy, he is also a popular cultural figure for his uninhibited lifestyle and iconoclastic thinking. He criticized the orthodox Neo-Confucianism of Zhu Xi and admired the philosophy of mind advocated by Wang Yangming. He wrote a large number of essays that criticize traditional values, and was an influence on the iconoclastic philosopher Li Zhi.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Zhu was born in 1461 in Changzhou County, modern Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. His courtesy name was Xizhe (希哲), and art name Zhishan (枝山). Born with a supernumerary thumb on one hand, Zhu gave himself the sobriquet "Zhizhi Scholar" (枝指生; "zhizhi" refers to preaxial polydactyly in Chinese). He was said to have been able to write calligraphy with large characters at the tender age of four and compose poetry by the age of eight. He became a certified student at 16, and succeeded in the provincial examination of 1492, but never passed metropolitan examinations.

paragraph: Zhu was appointed as the county magistrate of Xingning, Guangdong, in 1514. He served as the principal editor of the "Gazetteer of Xingning County (in the reign of Zhengde)", during his five-year term. In 1521, he was promoted to Controller-General of Yingtian Prefecture (modern Nanjing). He resigned in less than a year on a plea of illness. He dedicated the rest of his life to writing and died in 1527.

paragraph: Together with Tang Yin, Wen Zhengming and Xu Zhenqing, Zhu was one of the "Four Talents of Wu (Suzhou)" (吴中四才子), his calligraphy is the most noted in the quartet. He excelled at small standard script ("xiaokai"), but was of wild-cursive ("kuangcao") fame. His friends attributed his affinity for this highly expressive calligraphy to his impetuous personality.

paragraph: Zhu was also known as an unorthodox thinker against Neo-Confucianism. In his later life, he described himself as a "wild man". He finished various collections of miscellaneous notes. Some scholars believe that his work of judgements on historical personalities influenced Li Zhi's "Cang Shu".

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Zhu's nonconformist thinking and lifestyle have made him a subject of popular legends. Stories about him have been written into a novel, "The Romance of Zhu Yunming".

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 懷星堂集 ["Collection of Huaixing Hall"]

paragraph: BULLET::::- 蘇材小纂 ["Collected Biographies of Eminent People from Suzhou"]

paragraph: BULLET::::- 前闻記 ["Memoir of By-gone Events"]

paragraph: BULLET::::- 猥谈 ["Trivial Talks"]

alias:
Zhizhisheng
Zhishan
Zhizhi xiansheng
Chu Yun-ming
Zhu Xizhe
Chih-shan Chu
Kitetsu Shuku
zi Xizhe
Zishan
Inmei Shuku
Xizhe
Yunming Zhu
Zhishan-laoqiao
Chu Yün-ming
Zhishan Zhu
Jishan
hao Jishan
Yün-ming Chu

description: Ming dynasty calligrapher, poet, and scholar-official

wikidata_label: Zhu Yunming

wikipedia_title: Zhu Yunming


categories: American hip hop musicians,Republic Records artists,21st-century American rappers,American people of Jamaican descent,African-American male rappers,American people of Caribbean descent,Rappers from Florida,1996 births,American prisoners and detainees,American rappers of Jamaican descent,Living people

paragraph: Ski Mask the Slump God

alias:
Stokeley Clevon Goulbourne
Stokeley Goulbourne
$ki Mask "The Slump God"

description: American rapper

wikidata_label: Ski Mask the Slump God

wikipedia_title: Ski Mask the Slump God


text: Institut d'urbanisme de Paris

text: Nord-Pas-de-Calais

text: Montreuil

text: Saint-Nazaire

text: sex reassignment surgery

text: civil status

text: social security number

text: National Assembly

text: Chéries-Chéris

text: Grand Orient de France

categories: Transgender rights activists,21st-century French architects,1950 births,20th-century French architects,LGBT rights activists from France,French Freemasons,Transgender and transsexual women

paragraph: Olivia Chaumont

paragraph: Olivia Chaumont (born October 30, 1950) is a French architect and transgender activist.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Chaumont graduated from the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in 1978. She completed training as an architect at the Institut d'urbanisme de Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1981, Chaumont founded the Urbatecture agency, and, in 1991, the Atelier Cité architecture and urban planning agency, which she managed until 2008.

paragraph: In 1990, Chaumont was appointed as an expert by the state and Nord-Pas-de-Calais regional council for the reclamation of industrial wasteland. Throughout these years she led numerous architectural and urban planning projects. In 1990, she won the national competition "Pour une architecture de la réhabilitation" launched by the Ministry of Public Works for her project to rehabilitate the Montereau-Ruffins complex in Montreuil. The approach was based on the clarification of the statutes between private and public spaces and the affirmation of a new residential character. This achievement is an example in France and abroad for the way it reintegrates a large ensemble into the surrounding urban structure In the same city, Chaumont was also the urban planner of the downtown development zone, a complex of 110 social housing units that dominates the town hall square.

paragraph: In 2003, Chaumont was the winner of the Ville-Port 2 international competition in Saint-Nazaire.

paragraph: Section::::Transgender activism.

paragraph: In 2007, Chaumont travelled to Thailand where she completed sex reassignment surgery. She legally changed her civil status in 2010, and her social security number in 2011. She has since publicly spoken about her experience transitioning in many countries, including before the French National Assembly in 2011. She published a book about her experience in 2013 titled "D'un corps à l'autre". Since 2016, she has been a programmer at the Chéries-Chéris LGBTQ film festival in Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Freemasonry.

paragraph: Chaumont has been a member of the Grand Orient de France Masonic organization since 1992. In 2007, she requested to be recognized by the organization as a female. In 2010, the Order's council voted to recognize her as such, and become the first trans woman recognized by the Order.

description: French architect and urban planner

wikidata_label: Olivia Chaumont

wikipedia_title: Olivia Chaumont


text:
British
auto racing
British Formula Ford
British Formula Three
British Touring Car Championship
Brands Hatch
Jamie Spence at driver database

categories: Formula Ford drivers,British Formula Three Championship drivers,British Touring Car Championship drivers,Barber Pro Series drivers,Living people,1973 births

paragraph: Jamie Spence (racing driver)

paragraph: Jamie Spence (born 11 July 1973) is a British auto racing driver. He was British Formula Ford champion in 1992. He went on to be 1993 British Formula Three national class champion. In 1996 he competed in the final two rounds of the British Touring Car Championship at Brands Hatch for Rouse Sport in a [[Nissan Primera.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jamie Spence at driver database

paragraph: [[Category:British Touring Car Championship drivers]]

paragraph: [[Category:British Formula Three Championship drivers]]

paragraph: [[Category:1973 births]]

paragraph: [[Category:Living people]]

paragraph: [[Category:Formula Ford drivers]]

paragraph: [[Category:Barber Pro Series drivers]]

paragraph: [[Category:McLaren Autosport BRDC Award nominees]]

description: British racing driver

wikidata_label: Jamie Spence

wikipedia_title: Jamie Spence (racing driver)


text: visual

text: performance art

text: Brighton, England

text: BioArt

text: bacteria

text: microbiology

text: robotics

text: artificial life

text: ethics

text: Modernising Medical Microbiology

text: School of Informatics

text: Sussex University

text: Arts and Culture Subcommittee

text: Alan Turing

text: Institute of Unnecessary Research

text: Waag Society

text: bacterial sublime

text: Wired UK Magazine

text: The Lancet

text: Tuberculosis

text: whole genome sequencing of bacteria

text: synthetic biology

text: antibiotic resistance

text: sequencing

text: Make Do and Mend

text: CRISPR

text: The Guardian

text: Bioart and Bacteria

text: The Institute of Unnecessary Research

text: Digital Artworks

text: The Romantic Disease

categories: 1969 births,British performance artists,Living people,British artists

paragraph: Anna Dumitriu

paragraph: Anna Dumitriu (born 1969) is a visual and performance artist based in Brighton, England, specialising in BioArt. Her installations, interventions and performances use digital, biological and traditional media including bacteria, digital projections and embroidery, working with diverse audiences.

paragraph: Dumitriu's work is at the forefront of art and science collaborative practice, particularly working with microbiology, robotics, artificial life technology, and art/science ethics. She is involved in public engagement in science, arts in healthcare and the teaching of art/science practice to both art students and medical/science students. She is Artist in Residence on Modernising Medical Microbiology at The University of Oxford, Visiting Research Fellow: Artist in Residence at The University Of Hertfordshire in the Department of Computer Science, and a Visiting Research Fellow: Lead Artist in the Wellcome Trust Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research at Brighton and Sussex Medical School. She was formerly a Visiting Research Fellow: Artist in Residence in the School of Informatics at Sussex University between 2005 and 2014. She participated in the e-MobiLArt project (EU funded European Mobile Lab for Interactive Artists) and was co-chair of the Arts and Culture Subcommittee of the Alan Turing Centenary. Dumitriu is founder and Director of the Institute of Unnecessary Research and lead artist on the "Trust me, I'm an artist: towards an ethics of art/science collaboration" project working with the Waag Society in Amsterdam and co-author of the book of the same name. She has written extensively on the notion of the "bacterial sublime".

paragraph: Her work has an international exhibition profile and has been featured in Wired UK Magazine and The Lancet.

paragraph: Her "Romantic Disease" project explores around historical and contemporary notions of Tuberculosis, whole genome sequencing of bacteria, global health and antimicrobial resistance.

paragraph: Her most recent artwork focusses on synthetic biology, antibiotic resistance, and sequencing of bacterial DNA. She created "Make Do and Mend" in 2017 which uses the CRISPR gene editing technique of homologous recombination to edit the genome of E. coli bacteria to remove an antibiotic resistance gene and replace it with the phrase "Make Do and Mend" written into its DNA.

paragraph: In January 2014, Dumitriu told "The Guardian": "Art, for me, is a way of investigating the world. In that way, I see no real distinction between art and science at all."]

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bioart and Bacteria

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Institute of Unnecessary Research

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trust me I'm an artist: towards an ethics of art/science collaboration

paragraph: BULLET::::- Digital Artworks

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Romantic Disease

description: Visual and performance artist

wikidata_label: Anna Dumitriu

wikipedia_title: Anna Dumitriu


text:
Massachusetts House of Representatives
Attorney General of Massachusetts
Weathersfield, Vermont
Windsor, Vermont

categories: People from Windsor, Vermont,People from Weathersfield, Vermont,Massachusetts Attorneys General,1834 births,Politicians from Lawrence, Massachusetts,Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives,19th-century American politicians,People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War,Massachusetts Republicans,1914 deaths

paragraph: Edgar J. Sherman

paragraph: Edgar Jay Sherman (November 28, 1834 – June 9, 1914) was an American attorney who served as District Attorney of the Eastern District of Massachusetts, as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, Attorney General of Massachusetts and as an Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Superior Court.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Sherman was born November 28, 1834 in Weathersfield, Vermont to David and Fanny (Kendall) Sherman.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Sherman died June 9, 1914 in Windsor, Vermont.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Edgar J. Sherman

wikipedia_title: Edgar J. Sherman


text:
Mexican
street artist
Spain
Berlin
Frankfurt
Frankfurter Allgemeine
graffiti artist
macabre

categories: Public art,Living people,German graffiti artists

paragraph: El Bocho

paragraph: El Bocho (Little Donkey) is the Mexican nickname of a street artist from Spain, who works in Berlin.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Spanish-born El Bocho, formally lived in Frankfurt, is a former illustrator and typographer, who has published his works in numerous newspapers, including Frankfurter Allgemeine, he now currently works as a graffiti artist, depicting many styles from the macabre to the romantic with giant cut-outs and installations, some up to 20 ft tall, which he then hangs up Berlins city wall's during night time. Aside from using canvas he has recently started working with tiles. His newest experiment involves exposing poster paper to sunlight and precipitation, then adding color, before leaving it outside again to mesh with the natural surroundings.

paragraph: In 2003, El Bocho created a signature symbol, the Little Lucy doll, based on a 1970s Czech TV series, "Lucy—Streets bugaboo".

paragraph: In July 2009, El Bocho made eco-friendly bags.

description: German artist

wikidata_label: El Bocho

wikipedia_title: El Bocho


text:
Major League Baseball
outfielder
Cincinnati Red Stockings
Indianapolis Hoosiers

categories: Columbus Stars (baseball) players,Cincinnati Red Stockings (AA) players,Baseball players from Ohio,1862 births,19th-century baseball players,Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players,Indianapolis Hoosiers (AA) players,Major League Baseball outfielders,Hamilton (minor league baseball) players,Lima Lushers players,1914 deaths

paragraph: Podge Weihe

paragraph: John Garibaldi "Podge" Weihe (November 13, 1862 – April 15, 1914) was a Major League Baseball outfielder who played for two seasons. He played for the Cincinnati Red Stockings for one game in 1883 and the Indianapolis Hoosiers for 63 games during their only year of existence in 1884.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Podge Weihe

wikipedia_title: Podge Weihe


text:
Count of Évreux
Earl of Gloucester
House of Montfort
Amaury III of Évreux
William of Gloucester
Third Crusade
Gravenchon
Duke of Normandy
Norman exchequer
John of Mortain
Isabelle
Philip II of France
Treaty of Le Goulet
Sainte-Scolasse
Évrecy
Thaon
Anglo-French war over Normandy
Arthur of Brittany
Hugh III de Gournay
Sotteville-sur-Mer
Houghton Regis
Missenden Abbey
Petersfield
Mapledurham

paragraph: Amaury IV of Évreux

paragraph: Amaury IV (died 1213) was the Count of Évreux in France from about 1191 until 1200 and then Earl of Gloucester in England from 1200 until his death. Although he was the fourth Count of Évreux named Amaury, he is sometimes numbered Amaury VI de Montfort, as the sixth of his lineage in the House of Montfort.

paragraph: Amaury IV was the son of Count Amaury III of Évreux and his wife, Mabel, eldest daughter and co-heiress of Earl William of Gloucester. His father died on the Third Crusade between 1187 and 1193 and he inherited Évreux, including the honour of Gravenchon. In 1193–94, Évreux was briefly occupied by royal French troops. Amaury's mother died in 1198 and her portion of the earldom of Gloucester and a claim to the title passed to him. As of 29 September 1198, Amaury was still a minor. During his minority, Évreux may have been governed by officials of the Duke of Normandy, Amaury's feudal overlord. In 1195, Mabel paid a fee for the right to have custody of her son and his lands. Ducal officials may only have entered Évreux after her death. In 1198, a custodian, Richard d'Argences, was administering justice in the county and the revenues were going to the Norman exchequer.

paragraph: Despite Mabel's status as eldest daughter, the earldom of Gloucester was in the hands of Count John of Mortain, husband of the youngest co-heiress, Isabelle. In April 1199, John became king of England. That same month, Philip II of France invaded Évreux. In the Treaty of Le Goulet (May 1200), John ceded Évreux to Philip and forced Amaury to quitclaim it. As compensation, Amaury received his mother's inheritance and the earldom of Gloucester, although he only gradually took control of the lands. Most of it was still in John's hands as late as 1204. The Gloucester lands included some small fiefs in Normandy: Sainte-Scolasse, Évrecy and Thaon. All these, as well as Gravenchon, were lost to Philip of France by 1204–05.

paragraph: A new Anglo-French war over Normandy broke out in 1202, and initially Amaury joined his father-in-law on the side of King John. In May 1203, perhaps disgusted by John's murder of Arthur of Brittany, the two went into revolt. Amaury may have hoped to regain Évreux from King Philip. Whatever the motives, the rebellion was over in a few months and the principals suffered few consequences from King John.

paragraph: Amaury's wife was Melisende, daughter of Hugh III de Gournay. She brought him Sotteville-sur-Mer in Normandy and Houghton Regis in England as her dowry. Out of his Gloucester inheritance, Amaury made a donations to Missenden Abbey, long patronised by the Gournays, and made a gift to a certain Richard Talbot, a relative of the Gournays. On his death, he left Melisende the manors of Petersfield and Mapledurham as a dower.

description: Count of Évreux, Earl of Gloucester

wikidata_label: Amaury VI of Montfort

wikipedia_title: Amaury IV of Évreux


text:
hereditary peer
Charles Howard, 12th Earl of Carlisle
Howard family
Duke of Norfolk
baron
Greystock
Clifford
Eton College
Balliol College, Oxford
officer
British Army
9th/12th Royal Lancers
Easington
1987 general election
Leeds West
1992 general election
Northumbria
1989 European elections
Liberal Democrats
House of Lords Act, 1999
By elections to the House of Lords
Viscount Hanworth
Lord Strabolgi
Baltic States
Tartu
President of Estonia
Knight
Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
memorial plaque
servicemen
Baltic States
Portsmouth Cathedral
First Sea Lord
Admiral
Lord West of Spithead
HM The Queen
Tallinn
heir presumptive
The Hon
Howard
Knight
Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
Castle Howard
"Debrett's People of Today"

categories: People educated at Eton College,1949 births,Howard family (English aristocracy),Earls of Carlisle (1661),9th/12th Royal Lancers officers,Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford,Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st Class,Lords Ruthven of Freeland,Living people

paragraph: George Howard, 13th Earl of Carlisle

paragraph: George William Beaumont Howard, 13th Earl of Carlisle (born 15 February 1949), styled Viscount Morpeth from 1963 to 1994, is a British nobleman, politician, and hereditary peer. He inherited the titles Earl of Carlisle, Viscount Howard of Morpeth, Baron Dacre of Gillesland (in the Peerage of England) and Lord Ruthven of Freeland (in the Peerage of Scotland), in 1994 upon the death of his father, Charles Howard, 12th Earl of Carlisle. A member of the Howard family and a kinsman of the Duke of Norfolk, he is also a co-heir to the baronies of Greystock and Clifford.

paragraph: Educated at Eton College and Balliol College, Oxford, he served as an officer in the British Army with the 9th/12th Royal Lancers, retiring with the rank of Major.

paragraph: As Viscount Morpeth, he unsuccessfully contested Easington in the 1987 general election and Leeds West in the 1992 general election as well as Northumbria in the 1989 European elections for the Liberal Democrats.

paragraph: Having lost his automatic right to a seat in the House of Lords under the House of Lords Act, 1999 Lord Carlisle has stood as a Liberal Democrat in By elections to the House of Lords; his best performance was finishing a distant second to Labour's Viscount Hanworth in the 2011 by-election to replace Lord Strabolgi.

paragraph: Lord Carlisle is an academic and commentator on Baltic States matters, having lived for some time in Tartu, Estonia. The President of Estonia has appointed him a Knight 1st Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana. He played an important role in securing memorial plaques to the 112 British servicemen killed in the 1919 operation which ensured the independence of the Baltic States. These plaques have been set up in numerous places, notably at Portsmouth Cathedral by the then First Sea Lord, Admiral Lord West of Spithead in 2005, and by HM The Queen during her visit to Tallinn in 2010.

paragraph: The 13th Earl's heir presumptive, to his titles, is his brother, The Hon Philip Charles Wentworth Howard.

paragraph: Section::::Decorations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Knight 1st Class, Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana"

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Castle Howard

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Who's Who"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Debrett's People of Today"

description: English noble and politician

wikidata_label: George Howard, 13th Earl of Carlisle

wikipedia_title: George Howard, 13th Earl of Carlisle


text: soprano

text: The Royal Theatre

text: Copenhagen

text: Malmö Opera and Music Theatre

text: Miss Saigon

text: Otello

text: Turandot

text: La Bohème

text: Faust

text: Donna Anna

text: Don Giovanni

text: Skånska Operan

text: Royal College of Music of Stockholm

text: Gothenburg Opera

text: Operasångerska som gillar hårdrock

categories: 21st-century women singers,21st-century Swedish singers,Swedish operatic sopranos,Living people,1973 births

paragraph: Cecilia Hjortsberg

paragraph: Cecilia Hjortsberg is a Swedish opera singer (soprano), born 1973.

paragraph: She has been employed at The Royal Theatre, Copenhagen since 2005. Previous employment was at Malmö Opera and Music Theatre, where she has contributed in "Miss Saigon", "Otello", "Turandot", "La Bohème" and "Faust" and played Donna Anna in "Don Giovanni" by Skånska Operan, 2005.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: She attended the Royal College of Music of Stockholm, Chamber music program, and then the Opera Studio at the Gothenburg Opera.

paragraph: Section::::Opera Roles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Starring role as the witch in "Hans och Greta"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isis in Naumanns "Osiris", production by the Malmö lyrical ensemble

paragraph: BULLET::::- Donna Anna in Mozarts "Don Giovanni", production by the Opera of Skåne

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georgetta in Puccinis "Il tabarro", production by the Opera i Provinsen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Desdemona in Verdis "Othello", Production by the Opera i Provinsen, performed at Takkeloftet at The Royal Danish Opera

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second Water nymph in Dvořák's "Rusalka", production by the Royal Danish Opera

paragraph: BULLET::::- Voice from above in "Don Carlos", production by the Royal Danish Opera

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cover for the role "Stövlet-katrine" in Bo Holten's "Livläkarens Besök"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fiordiligi in "Così fan tutte"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor Augustus in "Tiberius prövningar"

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ohlsson, Matilda, Operasångerska som gillar hårdrock, "Blekinge Läns Tidning", 30 December 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Söderbom, Emma, Cecilia från Karlskrona bor mitt i gängkriget, "Sydöstran", 5 March 2009

description: singer

wikidata_label: Cecilia Hjortsberg

wikipedia_title: Cecilia Hjortsberg


text:
Porgy
Macbeth
Doctor Faustus
Porgy
Federal Theatre Project
New York
William Shakespeare
Macbeth
Voodoo Macbeth
Orson Welles
Scotland
Caribbean
African American
Haitian "vodou"
witchcraft
Mephistopheles
Doctor Faustus
Faust

categories: African-American male actors,Year of birth uncertain,1902 births,20th-century American male actors,1967 deaths

paragraph: Jack Carter (actor)

paragraph: Jack Carter (c. 1902 – November 9, 1967) was an African-American actor. He is known for creating the role of Crown in the original Broadway production of "Porgy" (1927), and for starring in Orson Welles's stage productions including "Macbeth" (1936) and "Doctor Faustus" (1937). He appeared in a few motion pictures in the 1930s and 1940s.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Jack Carter created the role of Crown in the original stage production of "Porgy". He is perhaps best known for having starred in the Federal Theatre Project's 1936 New York production of William Shakespeare's "Macbeth" that came to be known as the "Voodoo Macbeth". Orson Welles adapted and directed the play, moved its setting from Scotland to a fictional Caribbean island, recruited an entirely African American cast, and earned the nickname for his production from the Haitian "vodou" that fulfilled the rôle of Scottish witchcraft.

paragraph: Welles later cast Carter as Mephistopheles in "Doctor Faustus" (1937), a Federal Theatre Project 891 production in which Welles played Faust.

description: American actor

wikidata_label: Jack Carter

wikipedia_title: Jack Carter (actor)


text:
American
film
television producer

categories: 1903 births,20th-century American businesspeople,1975 deaths,People from Washington, D.C.,American film producers

paragraph: Robert Bassler

paragraph: Robert Bassler (September 26, 1903 – November 8, 1975) was an American film and television producer.

description: American film producer and film editor

wikidata_label: Robert Bassler

wikipedia_title: Robert Bassler


text: Kingdom of Armenia

text: Artaxiad Dynasty

text: Artavasdes II of Armenia

text: Artaxias II

text: Archelaus of Cappadocia

text: Tigranes the Great

text: Mark Antony

text: Alexandria

text: Ptolemaic Greek Queen

text: Cleopatra

text: Phraates IV of Parthia

text: Battle of Actium

text: Roman emperor

text: Augustus

text: Roman Republic

text: Rome

text: Tiberius

text: Tigranes IV

text: Erato

text: Res Gestae Divi Augusti

text: Coinage of Tigranes III

text: Coinage of Tigranes III

categories: Roman client kings of Armenia,1st-century BC rulers in Asia

paragraph: Tigranes III

paragraph: Tigranes III (50s BC–8 BC) was a Prince of the Kingdom of Armenia and member of the Artaxiad Dynasty who served as a Roman Client King of Armenia

paragraph: Section::::Family background and early life.

paragraph: Tigranes III was the second son born to Artavasdes II of Armenia by an unnamed mother. Tigranes III had an elder brother called Artaxias II and an unnamed sister who possibly married King Archelaus of Cappadocia. He was born and raised in Armenia. Tigranes III was the namesake of his paternal grandfather, a previous ruling Armenian King Tigranes the Great, also known as Tigranes II.

paragraph: Section::::Life in Roman captivity and rise to the Armenian kingship.

paragraph: The Roman Triumvir Mark Antony had captured Artavasdes II with his family, in which they were taken as political prisoners to Alexandria where Artavasdes II was later executed there on the orders of Ptolemaic Greek Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt. In 34 BC, Artaxias II had escaped and fled to King Phraates IV of Parthia. With the support of Phraates IV, he invaded Armenia and place Artaxias II on the throne.

paragraph: Sometime after the Battle of Actium in September 31 BC and Octavian (future Roman emperor Augustus) invaded Egypt in 30 BC in which he annexed the country to the rule of the Roman Republic, Tigranes III was taken from Alexandria to live in Rome. In Rome, Tigranes III had lived in political exile, in which during that time he was educated there. In 20 BC after living in Rome for 10 years, Artaxias II proved to be an unpopular leader with his people.

paragraph: As the Armenians lost faith in their ruling monarch, they sent messengers to Augustus requesting him to remove Artaxias II from his throne and to install Tigranes III as his successor. Augustus agreed to the request from the Armenians. Augustus sent his step-son Tiberius, with Tigranes III with a large army to depose Artaxias II. Before Tiberius and Tigranes III arrived in Armenia, a cabal within the palace was successful in murdering Artaxias II. The Romans installed Tigranes III as the new King of Armenia unopposed.

paragraph: Section::::Armenian kingship.

paragraph: Tigranes III ruled as King of Armenia for 12 years. Although he reigned for a substantial period of time, little is known on his reign. His Armenian kingship brought peace, stability to Armenia in which peaceful relations between Rome and Armenia were maintained.

paragraph: Tigranes III was survived by two children from two different unnamed mothers: a son called Tigranes IV and a daughter, called Erato, who succeeded their father on the Armenian throne.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Res Gestae Divi Augusti, Paragraph 27 - 1st century

paragraph: BULLET::::- R. Naroll, V.L. Bullough & F. Naroll, Military Deterrence in History: A Pilot Cross-Historical Survey, SUNY Press, 1974

paragraph: BULLET::::- H. Temporini & W. Haase, Politische Geschichte (Provinzen Und Randv Lker: Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien): Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien), Walter de Gruyter, 1980

paragraph: BULLET::::- E. Yarshater, The Cambridge History of Iran, Cambridge University Press, 1983

paragraph: BULLET::::- P.M. Swan, The Augustan Succession: An Historical Commentary on Cassius Dio's Roman History, Books 55-56 (9 B.C.-A.D. 14) (Google eBook), Oxford University Press, 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. Bunsen, Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire, Infobase Printing, 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- T. Daryaee, The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History, Oxford University Press, 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Armenia by Vahan Kurkjian, Chapter 14: Artavazd – The last Tigranes

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coinage of Tigranes III

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coinage of Tigranes III

description: King of Armenia

wikidata_label: Tigranes III

wikipedia_title: Tigranes III


text:
Royal Irish Constabulary
Kent family
Castlelyons
County Cork
Easter Rising
Republican
Church of Ireland
Fermoy
Thomas
court martial
executed by firing squad
Cork
Hart, Peter
Kiberd, Declan

categories: 1916 deaths,Irish Anglicans,People from County Wexford,Royal Irish Constabulary officers,1867 births

paragraph: William N. Rowe

paragraph: William Neil Rowe (1867 – 2 May 1916) was a member of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC), fatally shot during a police raid on the home of the Kent family at Castlelyons, County Cork.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: The event took place in the immediate aftermath of the Easter Rising, when the Authorities began to arrest Republican sympathisers. As the raid unfolded, the Kent brothers refused to be taken into custody, a firefight occurred which resulted in the death of Rowe and also the fatal wounding of Richard Kent as he attempted to flee.

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: Rowe is buried at the Church of Ireland graveyard at Castlehyde, Fermoy, he left behind a widow and five children under the age of sixteen. Thomas and William Kent were tried by court martial on the charge of his murder. William was acquitted, but Thomas was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad at Cork on 9 May 1916.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hart, Peter; The IRA and its Enemies: Violence and Community in Cork, 1916–1923, Oxford University Press (1998). (Pages 48–49)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kiberd, Declan (editor), "1916 Rebellion Handbook" Dublin: Mourne River Press, 1998.

description: Irish police officer

wikidata_label: William N. Rowe

wikipedia_title: William N. Rowe


text:
Berlin
Słońsk
House of Hohenzollern
John George
Elisabeth
Joachim Ernest
Order of Saint John ("Johanniterorden")
Frederick
Philipp Julius
Sulęcin
Küstrin
Digitized

categories: 1591 births,Margraves of Brandenburg,17th-century German people,House of Hohenzollern,1615 deaths

paragraph: George Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg

paragraph: George Albert of Brandenburg (20 November 1591, in Berlin – 29 November 1615, in Sonnenburg, present-day Słońsk), was Margrave of Brandenburg as George Albert II.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: George Albert was a member of the House of Hohenzollern. He was a son of the Elector John George of Brandenburg (1525–1598) from his third marriage to Elisabeth (1563–1607), daughter of Prince Joachim Ernest of Anhalt.

paragraph: In 1614, he succeeded as Grand Master ("Herrenmeister") of the Order of Saint John ("Johanniterorden"), seated at Sonnenburg, which his older brother Frederick had headed until his own early death. After an agreement with Electoral Brandenburg, George Albert received a fief from Duke Philipp Julius of Pomerania. In 1615, he confirmed the privileges of the city of Sulęcin (.

paragraph: George Albert died of smallpox at the age of 24 and was buried in the parish church of Küstrin. His motto was: ("My acts and my life are devoted to God").

paragraph: Section::::References and source.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Samuel Ersch: "Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste", J. f. Gleditsch, 1842, p. 429 (Digitized)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samuel Buchholtz: "Versuch einer Geschichte der Churmarck Brandenburg von der ersten Erscheinung der deutschen Sennonen an bis auf jezige Zeiten", vols 3-4, F. W. Birnstiel, 1767, p. 490

description: Georg Albrecht II., Markgraf von Brandenburg


text:
Major League Baseball
shortstop
outfielder

categories: Toledo Mud Hens players,Harrisburg Senators players,Bangor Maroons players,Worcester Hustlers players,19th-century baseball players,Major League Baseball outfielders,Lawrence Colts players,Major League Baseball shortstops,Worcester Farmers players,Worcester Riddlers players,Montreal Royals players,Savannah Electrics players,Waterbury Finnegans players,Haverhill Hustlers players,New Bedford Whalers (baseball) players,Baseball players from Massachusetts,1942 deaths,Savannah Rabbits players,Boston Beaneaters players,1869 births,New York Giants (NL) players,Kansas City Blues (baseball) players,Lynn Shoemakers players,New York Metropolitans (minor league) players,Brockton Shoemakers players

paragraph: Frank Connaughton

paragraph: Frank Henry Connaughton (January 1, 1869 – December 1, 1942) was a Major League Baseball shortstop and outfielder. His professional career lasted from 1891 to 1913 and included three brief stints as a minor league baseball manager.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Frank Connaughton

wikipedia_title: Frank Connaughton


text:
New Jersey
1912 Summer Olympics
team clay pigeons
New York Athletic Club
Travers Island, New York
clay pigeon shooting
Eatontown, New Jersey
individual trap competition
Oceanport, New Jersey
Deal, New Jersey
Olympic profile

categories: Olympic gold medalists for the United States in shooting,1928 deaths,American male sport shooters,Olympic shooters of the United States,People from Oceanport, New Jersey,Olympic medalists in shooting,People from Eatontown, New Jersey,1866 births,People from Glen Ridge, New Jersey,Trap and double trap shooters,Mayors of places in New Jersey,Shooters at the 1912 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Charles W. Billings

paragraph: Charles W. Billings (November 26, 1866 – December 13, 1928) was a politician and competitive shooter from New Jersey who was a member of the 1912 Summer Olympics American trapshooting team that won the gold medal in team clay pigeons. He was a member of the New York Athletic Club. He competed in the Travers Island, New York clay pigeon shooting competition in both 1911 and 1913.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born on November 26, 1866, in Eatontown, New Jersey.

paragraph: In 1912 he won the gold medal as member of the American team in the team clay pigeons competition. In the individual trap competition he finished 42nd.

paragraph: Billings, who had served from 190 until his death as the first mayor of Oceanport, New Jersey, died of a heart attack on December 13, 1928, in Deal, New Jersey.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympic profile

description: sport shooter

wikidata_label: Charles W. Billings

wikipedia_title: Charles W. Billings


text: 1920 Summer Olympics

categories: 1887 births,1945 deaths,Olympic divers of the United States,Divers at the 1920 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Frank Aloysius Mullen

paragraph: Frank Aloysius Mullen (August 9, 1887 - September 27, 1945) was a diver at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp.

description: American diver

wikidata_label: Frank Aloysius Mullen

wikipedia_title: Frank Aloysius Mullen


text: court

text: English

text: courtier

text: Gentleman of the Bedchamber

text: Master of the Robes

text: King James I

text: ennobled

text: Earl of Anglesey

text: Baron Villiers of Daventry

text: George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham

text: favourite

text: Sir George Villiers

text: Brooksby

text: Leicestershire

text: Mary Beaumont

text: Countess of Buckingham

text: George Villiers

text: Viscount Villiers

text: Duke of Buckingham

text: John Villiers

text: Viscount Purbeck

text: Susan

text: William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh

text: Sir Edward Villiers

text: Sir George Villiers

text: Gentleman of the Bedchamber

text: King James I

text: annuity

text: Sir Robert Naunton

text: Secretary of State

text: monopoly

text: gold and silver thread

text: ale houses

text: Master of the Robes

text: Sir Sebastian Harvey

text: City of London

text: Francis Norris, 1st Earl of Berkshire

text: Bridget de Vere

text: John Chamberlain (letter writer)

text: Sir Dudley Carleton

text: Joseph Mede

text: bedchamber

text: Howley

text: Leicestershire

text: ennobled

text: Earl of Anglesey

text: Baron Villiers of Daventry

text: the Crown

text: alcohol

text: royal court

text: Charles I

text: Lord Compton

text: Prince of Wales

text: Hampton Court Palace

text: Bushey Park

text: Chancellor of the Exchequer

text: Windsor

text: St George's Chapel

text: Ashley Park

text: Walton-on-Thames

text: William Villiers

text: Viscount Grandison

text: Thomas Savile, 1st Earl of Sussex

categories: Burials at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle,1590s births,Earls of Anglesey,1630 deaths

paragraph: Christopher Villiers, 1st Earl of Anglesey ( – 3 April 1630), known at court as Kit Villiers, was an English courtier, Gentleman of the Bedchamber and later Master of the Robes to King James I. In 1623 he was ennobled as Earl of Anglesey and Baron Villiers of Daventry.

paragraph: With little ability of his own, Villiers prospered chiefly thanks to the influence of his brother George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, a favourite of James I.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Villiers was the third son of Sir George Villiers ("c." 1544–1606) of Brooksby, Leicestershire, by his second marriage, to Mary Beaumont ("c." 1570–1632), later created Countess of Buckingham. He had two full brothers, George Villiers, successively Viscount Villiers (1616), then Earl, Marquess, and finally Duke of Buckingham, and John Villiers, first Viscount Purbeck, as well as a sister, Susan, later the countess of William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh; while Sir Edward Villiers and Sir George Villiers were his half-brothers.

paragraph: Villiers was described as "unattractive and unintelligent" in his youth, but he shared in his family's good fortune flowing from the position of his brother George as king's favourite. In 1617 he was appointed Gentleman of the Bedchamber to King James I, and on 7 March 1617/18 he was granted an annuity of £200.

paragraph: In December 1617 Sir Robert Naunton (1563–1635) a middle-aged man with no sons, was appointed as Secretary of State on the condition of making Villiers his heir, and during his lifetime Villiers gained from Naunton estates yielding £500 a year. Villiers was granted an interest in the monopoly for gold and silver thread, in respect of which he was disappointed to receive only £150 altogether, but he also had a substantial income from the patent for ale houses. In connection with that, he was accused in parliament of malpractice, but the charges were abandoned. In 1620 Villiers had expectations of becoming Master of the Robes, which would secure his position at court.

paragraph: Villiers searched for an heiress to marry, bidding unsuccessfully for the hand of the only daughter of Sir Sebastian Harvey, a rich City of London merchant, and that of Elizabeth Norris, daughter of Francis Norris, 1st Earl of Berkshire and Bridget de Vere. On 16 February 1621/22, a few weeks after Lord Berkshire's suicide on 29 January, John Chamberlain (letter writer) wrote to Sir Dudley Carleton:

paragraph: This heiress was instead won by Edward Wray, another gentleman of the king's bedchamber, and Joseph Mede wrote to Sir Martin Stuteville on 13 April 1622 "Mr. Wray is turned out of [dismissed from the office of] the bedchamber for marrying the late Earl of Berkshire's daughter, whom Kit Villiers looked for." On 22 June 1622, Chamberlain wrote to Carleton: "The world talks likewise of divers [diverse] new earls to be made – as Kit Villiers, if he can be taken off his wench, Earl of Berkshire."

paragraph: Villiers then married Elizabeth, the daughter and heir of Thomas Sheldon of Howley, Leicestershire. On 18 April 1623 Villiers was ennobled as Earl of Anglesey and Baron Villiers of Daventry. This had been in the air for more than a year, with the king seeking to persuade Villiers to give up a mistress, but in the event he had failed to do so. On 19 April, Chamberlain resumed his letters to Carleton:

paragraph: If he had had greater abilities, Villiers might have hoped to gain important positions under the Crown, but as he admitted to his powerful brother in 1627, his "want of preferment proceeded from his own unworthiness rather than from the duke's unwillingness". He was known to have a great fondness for alcohol, and shortly after the death of James I on 27 March 1625 he disappeared from the royal court, with the rumour going about that the new king, Charles I, refused to have him because of his drunkenness. Joseph Mede wrote to Sir Martin Stuteville on 23 April 1625:

paragraph: The appointment of Villiers as Master of the Robes died with the old king, with Charles I retaining Lord Compton, who had served him in that capacity as Prince of Wales. According to one historian of the period, Villiers "summed up all that was unsavory and corrupt with the court of James I".

paragraph: His brother, Buckingham, died on 23 August 1628. Despite this, in December 1628 Villiers gained the position of Keeper of Hampton Court Palace, and in March 1629 he became also Keeper of Bushey Park. He was believed to have bought the reversion of the office of Chancellor of the Exchequer from Edward Barrett, 1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh, but he died at Windsor on 3 April 1630. On 12 April he was entombed there in St George's Chapel.

paragraph: At the time of his death, Villiers was living at Ashley Park, Walton-on-Thames. His widow, Elizabeth, Countess of Anglesey, married secondly Benjamin Weston, Esquire, and they continued to live there. Villiers's titles and estates passed first to his only son, Charles, who died childless on 4 February 1661, having married the widow of his cousin William Villiers, Viscount Grandison on whose death many estates passed to Villier's daughter, Anne, widow of Thomas Savile, 1st Earl of Sussex (1590–1659).

description: English noble


text:
consort
Tokugawa Ieyasu
samurai
Japan
shōgun
Tokugawa Hidetada
Sengoku period
Tokugawa shogunate
Cinderella
feudal Japan
Senior First Rank of the Imperial Court
Emperor of Japan
Suruga Province
Hamamatsu Castle
Sunpu Castle
near-sighted
Empress Meishō
Chrysanthemum Throne
empress regnant
suffix
Heian period
Meiji period
given name
posthumous name
Kikuchi clan
Kyushu
Mikawa Province
Matsudaira Kiyoyasu
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Matsudaira clan
Matsudaira Hirotada
Imagawa Yoshimoto
Suruga Province
Battle of Okehazama
Imagawa Ujizane
impaled
Yoshida Castle
Siege of Kakegawa Castle
Tōtōmi Province
Nishikawa Castle
matrilocal
bucolic
Hōjō clan
Takeda clan
Akiyama Nobutomo
Lady Tsukiyama
Okazaki
Battle of Mikatagahara
Battle of Nagashino
Komaki-Nagakute Campaign
Hamamatsu Castle
Tokugawa Hidetada
Tokugawa Nobuyasu
seppuku
Matsudaira Ietada
Fukōzu branch
Matsudaira clan
Sunpu Castle
Buddhist temple
Pure Land sect
myopia
shamisen
goze
minstrel
guild
repertoire
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Siege of Odawara Castle
Kantō region
katana
Shizuoka city
buddha status
tutelary patron
Emperor Go-Mizunoo
Minamoto clan
five-tiered stupa
Important Cultural Property
Edo-period
Tokugawa Ietsugu
Tokugawa Masako
empress consort
Emperors Go-Kōmyō
Go-Sai
Chrysanthemum Throne
Empress Meishō
empresses regnant
Azuchi–Momoyama period
隆家流藤原氏 (Takaiie branch, Fujiwara clan)
genealogy

categories: People of Sengoku-period Japan,Tokugawa clan,Japanese nobility,1552 births,People of Azuchi–Momoyama-period Japan,1589 deaths,16th-century Japanese women,Japanese concubines,Women of medieval Japan,16th-century Japanese people

paragraph: Lady Saigō

paragraph: Lady Saigō ( or ', 1552 – 1 July 1589), also known as Oai"', was the first consort and trusted confidante of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the samurai lord who unified Japan at the end of the sixteenth century and then ruled as "shōgun". She was also the mother of the second Tokugawa "shōgun", Tokugawa Hidetada.

paragraph: During their relationship, Lady Saigō influenced Ieyasu's philosophies, choice of allies, and policies as he rose to power during the late Sengoku period, and she thus had an indirect effect on the organization and composition of the Tokugawa shogunate. Although less is known of her than some other figures of the era, she is generally regarded as the "power behind the throne", and her life has been compared to a "Cinderella story" of feudal Japan. Her contributions were considered so significant that she was posthumously inducted to the Senior First Rank of the Imperial Court, the highest honor that could be conferred by the Emperor of Japan.

paragraph: Once she was in a respected and secure position as first consort and mother to Ieyasu's heir, Lady Saigō used her influence and wealth for charitable purposes. A devout Buddhist, she donated money to temples in Suruga Province, where she resided as the consort of Ieyasu, first in Hamamatsu Castle and later in Sunpu Castle. As she was quite near-sighted, she also established a charitable organization that assisted visually impaired women with no other means of support. Lady Saigō died at a fairly young age, under somewhat mysterious circumstances. Although murder was suspected, no culprit was identified.

paragraph: Lady Saigō bore four children: she had a son and a daughter (Saigō Katsutada and Tokuhime) while married, and she later bore two sons as the consort of Tokugawa Ieyasu: Tokugawa Hidetada and Matsudaira Tadayoshi. Among the descendants of Lady Saigō was the Empress Meishō (1624–1696), one of very few women to accede to the Chrysanthemum Throne as empress regnant.

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: The term "Saigō-no-Tsubone", used in most historical texts, is an official title rather than a name. As an adult she was adopted into the Saigō clan, so she was permitted to use the surname. Later, when she was named first consort of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the title "tsubone" (pronounced ) was appended to the surname. The title was one of several titular suffixes conferred on high-ranking women (others include "-kata" and "-dono"). The bestowal of a title depended on social class and the relationship with her samurai lord, such as whether she was a legitimate wife or a concubine, and whether or not she had had children by him. The word "tsubone" indicates the living quarters reserved for ladies of a court, and it became the title for those who had been granted private quarters, such as high-ranking concubines with children. This title, "tsubone", was in use for concubines from the Heian period until the Meiji period (from the eighth century to the early twentieth century), and is commonly translated to the English title "Lady".

paragraph: Though Lady Saigō's given name does not appear in surviving documents from the time, there is good evidence it was Masako (), but this name is very rarely used. Her most commonly used name was Oai ( or , meaning "love") and most sources agree this was a nickname she gained as a child. Intimate friends and family would call her Oai throughout her life, and it is the name most often used in modern popular cultural references. Following death, she was bestowed with a Buddhist posthumous name, and an abbreviation of that name, Hōdai-in (), is sometimes used out of pious respect.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: The Saigō family was one branch of the distinguished Kikuchi clan of Kyushu that had migrated northward to Mikawa Province in the fifteenth century. In 1524, the forces of Matsudaira Kiyoyasu (1511–1536), the grandfather of Tokugawa Ieyasu, stormed and took the Saigō clan's headquarters at Yamanaka Castle during his conquest of the Mikawa region. Shortly after the battle, Saigō Nobusada, the third head of the Saigō, submitted to the Matsudaira clan. Following the untimely death of Kiyoyasu in 1536, and the ineffectual leadership and early death of Matsudaira Hirotada (1526–1549), the leaderless Matsudaira clan finally submitted to Imagawa Yoshimoto (1519–1560) of Suruga Province, east of Mikawa. When the Matsudaira fell to the Imagawa, the clans of their retainers, which included the Saigō, likewise submitted to the Imagawa. Following the Battle of Okehazama (1560), Saigō Masakatsu attempted to re-assert the independence of the clan while yielding some land concessions to the Imagawa. In response, Imagawa Ujizane arrested thirteen Saigō men, and had them vertically impaled near Yoshida Castle. The executions did not deter the Saigō, and in 1562 the Imagawa launched punitive invasions of east Mikawa and attacked the two main Saigō castles. Masakatsu was killed in the battle of Gohonmatsu Castle; his eldest son Motomasa was killed during the battle for Wachigaya Castle. Clan leadership passed to Masakatsu's son, Saigō Kiyokazu (1533–1594), who pledged his loyalty to the Matsudaira clan, under the leadership of Tokugawa Ieyasu, in their mutual struggle against the Imagawa. In 1569, the power of the Imagawa ended with the Siege of Kakegawa Castle.

paragraph: Neither the name of Lady Saigō's mother nor her dates of birth or death are recorded in any existing documents, although it is known that she was the elder sister of Saigō Kiyokazu. Lady Saigō's father was Tozuka Tadaharu of Tōtōmi Province, under direct control of the Imagawa clan. The marriage between Tadaharu and his wife was very likely arranged by the Imagawa clan.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Lady Saigō was born in 1552 at Nishikawa Castle, a branch castle of the Saigō clan, and very likely given the name of Masako soon after birth. Japanese marriages are not usually matrilocal, but Tadaharu may have been assigned to Nishikawa Castle as an agent of the Imagawa. Masako spent her childhood with her two siblings in bucolic eastern Mikawa Province, and at some point gained the nickname Oai. In 1554, her father Tadaharu died in the Battle of Enshu-Omori, between the Imagawa and the Hōjō clan. Two years later her mother married Hattori Masanao; the union resulted in four children, though only two survived to adulthood.

paragraph: Some sources state that upon reaching "adulthood" Oai married, but was widowed soon afterward. The husband's name is not mentioned and there were apparently no children. Other sources do not mention the marriage, or suggest that there never was an earlier "first" marriage. It is known with certainty that in 1567, Oai married Saigō Yoshikatsu, her cousin and the son of Motomasa, who had already had two children by his late wife. Oai bore two children by Yoshikatsu: their son, Saigō Katsutada, was born about 1570; they also had a daughter, possibly named Tokuhime.

paragraph: In 1571, Saigō Yoshikatsu was killed at the Battle of Takehiro, fighting the invading forces of the Takeda clan led by Akiyama Nobutomo. Soon after Yoshikatsu's death, Oai was formally adopted by her uncle, Saigō Kiyokazu, then the head of the Saigō clan, though she chose to live with her mother in the house of her stepfather.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Tokugawa Ieyasu.

paragraph: Oai first met Tokugawa Ieyasu at about the age of 17 or 18, when he visited the Saigō family and Oai served him tea. It is believed she caught his eye on that occasion, but as she was still married, nothing came of it at the time. Later, during the 1570s, it is believed that friendship and genuine affection developed between the two. This view contradicts a common impression which maintains that Ieyasu was a ruthless leader who treated all the women in his life, and all of his offspring, as commodities to be used as needed to serve the clan or his own ambitions. However, it is also known that he valued personal merit over bloodlines. During this time, Ieyasu had a house built in eastern Mikawa, far from the residence of his wife, the Lady Tsukiyama, in Okazaki. The marriage between Ieyasu and Lady Tsukiyama had been arranged by her uncle, Imagawa Yoshimoto, ostensibly to help cement ties between the two clans, though Ieyasu found it difficult to live with his wife's jealousy, tempestuous moods, and eccentric habits.

paragraph: Starting around the time of the Battle of Mikatagahara (1573), perhaps in its aftermath, Ieyasu began to confide in Oai and sought her counsel on various matters. It may have been during this period that the two commenced an amorous relationship. Oai is credited with advising Ieyasu as the Battle of Nagashino (1575) approached, a major turning point in both Ieyasu's career and the history of Japan. It is also thought that Ieyasu continued to seek her advice concerning other battles and alliances, even as late as the Komaki-Nagakute Campaign (1584).

paragraph: In the spring of 1578, Oai moved to Hamamatsu Castle, where she took over management of the kitchen. She became very popular with the unit of warriors from her native province, who not only admired her beauty, but regarded her as a gentle and virtuous example of the women of Mikawa. While her manners and gentility were exemplary, she could, when the occasion warranted, be outspoken or sarcastic in speech, the probable result of growing up around rustic warriors in a remote castle outpost. With her move to the court of Ieyasu, Oai entered a bitter arena where prospective concubines schemed and competed with each other for a chance to bear Ieyasu's child. Bearing the child of a powerful samurai, especially a son, was one way an ambitious young woman of the period could elevate her status, ensure a comfortable life, and guarantee the prosperity of her family. These women usually relied on their physical attributes and sexual prowess to keep their lord's attention, and some resorted to the use of aphrodisiacs. Unlike these courtesans, Oai already had the attention of Ieyasu, which would have undermined the ambitions of some and very likely made her a target of resentment, hostility, and the intrigues that were common in Japanese harems.

paragraph: While Ieyasu's marriage was arranged for political reasons, and many of his later concubines were chosen in the same spirit, it is thought that he chose his relationship with Lady Saigō. Despite the image of Ieyasu as a calculating and stoic warlord, there was no new political advantage to the match, as the Saigō were already loyal vassals, and thus texts about Lady Saigō refer to her as the "most beloved" of Ieyasu's women. Moreover, Ieyasu valued her for her intelligence and sound advice and it is believed that he enjoyed her company and calm demeanor as well as their common background in Mikawa province. On May 2, 1579, Oai gave birth to Ieyasu's third son, who would become known as Tokugawa Hidetada. The news was probably a shock to all who had an interest in Ieyasu, but with the event, Oai's position became more secure and she was accepted as the first consort of Ieyasu. Based on this relationship, and out of respect for her gentle manner and devotion to Ieyasu, she became known by the respectful title of "Saigō-no-Tsubone", or Lady Saigō.

paragraph: In the same year, Oda Nobunaga was informed that Lady Tsukiyama had conspired against him with the Takeda clan. Although evidence was weak, Ieyasu re-assured his ally by having his wife executed by the shore of Lake Sanaru in Hamamatsu. Tokugawa Nobuyasu, Ieyasu's first son by Lady Tsukiyama, was held in confinement until Ieyasu ordered him to commit "seppuku". With their deaths, Lady Saigō's position at court was unassailable. With the death of Nobuyasu, Hidetada became Ieyasu's heir apparent.

paragraph: Ieyasu's fourth son, the second by Lady Saigō, was born on October 18, 1580. He would become known as Matsudaira Tadayoshi, after he was adopted by Matsudaira Ietada, the head of the Fukōzu branch of the Matsudaira clan. In the same year, Lady Saigō had a temple founded in her mother's memory, indicating she had died by that point. In 1586, Lady Saigō was at the side of Ieyasu when he entered the newly reconstructed Sunpu Castle in triumph. This was a highly symbolic celebration of his victories over his enemies and the subjugation of the region, but it was also a visible and symbolic gesture to Lady Saigō, a way that Ieyasu could credit her for her assistance, and publicly demonstrate the esteem in which he regarded her.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Charity.

paragraph: While at Sunpu Castle, Lady Saigō worshipped at a Buddhist temple called Ryūsen-ji (). She became devoted to the teachings of the Pure Land sect and was known for her piety and charity. Because she suffered a high degree of myopia, she often donated money, clothing, food, and other necessities to blind women and organizations that assisted them. She eventually founded a co-operative school with living quarters near Ryūsen-ji that assisted indigent blind women by teaching them how to play the "shamisen" (traditional stringed instrument) as a vocation, and helped them to find employment. These women were known as "goze", and were akin to traveling minstrels in Edo period Japan. The women were granted membership to the guild-like organization, and musicians with apprentices were dispatched to various destinations. They played pieces from a sanctioned repertoire, and operated under a strict code of rules on behavior and permissible business transactions intended to maintain an upstanding reputation. On her deathbed, Lady Saigō wrote a letter pleading for the continued maintenance of the organization.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: Within a short time after taking up residence in Sunpu Castle, Lady Saigō's health began to deteriorate. It was said that "physical and emotional hardships" were taking their toll on her health, but nothing could be done to help her. Lady Saigō died on July 1, 1589, at the age of 37. The cause of her early death was never determined, and while murder was suspected at the time, no culprit was identified. There were later rumors that she was poisoned by a maidservant devoted to Ieyasu's late wife, the Lady Tsukiyama.

paragraph: By the time of her death, Lady Saigō was treated as Ieyasu's wife in deed if not in word. The remains of Lady Saigō were interred at Ryūsen-ji. At her death, a number of blind women reportedly gathered in front of the temple and prayed.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Tokugawa Ieyasu continued his campaigns allied with Toyotomi Hideyoshi. After their victory at the Siege of Odawara Castle in 1590, Ieyasu agreed to relinquish all of his domains to Hideyoshi in exchange for the Kantō region to the east. Hideyoshi died in 1598. By 1603, Ieyasu had recovered Sunpu Castle and completed his unification of Japan, and had been named "shōgun" by the Emperor. The following year, he had Ryūsen-ji moved from Yunoki to Kōyamachi near Sunpu Castle and attended Buddhist funeral rites conducted in honor of the late Lady Saigō on the anniversary of her death. To mark the occasion, Ieyasu presented the temple priests with the "katana" he inherited from his father, and a portrait of himself as he looked at the time. These items can still be viewed at the temple in Shizuoka city.

paragraph: In 1628, Tokugawa Hidetada, by then the retired second "shōgun", attended ceremonies conducted in honor of his late mother on the anniversary of her death. These ceremonies were meant to help her spirit achieve buddha status. He also saw to it that she was made the honored tutelary patron of the temple by having her posthumous name changed and the first three characters appended to the name of the temple. Today, the temple Ryūsen-ji is known mainly by that appellation, Hōdai-in (). At the same time, the Emperor Go-Mizunoo conferred the name Minamoto Masako () upon Lady Saigō, in effect posthumously adopting her into the Minamoto clan, the extended family of the Imperial line. The new name was then inducted into the Lower First Rank of the Imperial Court. Her status was later upgraded to Senior First Rank, the highest and most prominent award, then or now, bestowed by the Emperor to a few subjects outside the Imperial family who had significantly and positively affected the history of Japan.

paragraph: In 1938, the mausoleum of Lady Saigō at Hōdai-in, which consisted of a five-tiered stupa over her grave and a sanctuary for the veneration of her spirit, was designated an Important Cultural Property. The designation was rescinded after the entire temple complex was destroyed in the Great Shizuoka Fire on January 15, 1940. The stupa remains, though evidence of the damage suffered when it toppled over is plainly visible. Many of the treasures of the temple, including a portrait of Lady Saigō and the sword and portrait bequeathed by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1604, were saved by the priests who flung the objects out of windows and doorways before fleeing the burning temple. The temple was rebuilt using steel-reinforced concrete in 1970. Historical artifacts saved from the fire of 1940 are on display at the new Hōdai-in temple in Shizuoka city.

paragraph: Section::::Notable descendants.

paragraph: Lady Saigō was the ancestral mother to the line of "shōguns" that began with the second Edo-period "shōgun", Tokugawa Hidetada, and ended with the seventh, Tokugawa Ietsugu (1709–1716). Aside from this, Lady Saigō also became connected to the Imperial line. In 1620, Hidetada's daughter, Tokugawa Masako (1607–1678), married Emperor Go-Mizunoo and entered the Imperial palace. As empress consort, Masako helped maintain the Imperial Court, supported the arts, and significantly influenced the next three monarchs: the first was her daughter, and the two that followed, Emperors Go-Kōmyō and Go-Sai, were sons of Emperor Go-Mizunoo by different concubines. The daughter of Masako, and thus great-granddaughter of Lady Saigō, was Princess Okiko (1624–1696), who acceded to the Chrysanthemum Throne in 1629 as Empress Meishō. She reigned for fifteen years as the 109th monarch of Japan, the seventh of only eight empresses regnant in the history of Japan, until she abdicated in 1643.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Azuchi–Momoyama period

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 隆家流藤原氏 (Takaiie branch, Fujiwara clan), with genealogy of the main line of the Mikawa-Saigo family.

alias:
Oai
Saigō-no-Tsubone
Lady Saigō
Lady Saigo
Saigo
Saigou

description: Japanese consort

wikidata_label: Saigō

wikipedia_title: Lady Saigō


text:
Romance of the Western Chamber
an early adaptation of Mulan
Disputed Passage
Don't Change Your Husband
Mulan Joins the Army
Hua Mulan
Romance of the Western Chamber
Hongniang
A Poet from the Sea
Fung Joe Guey
Hilda Yen
Kwon Ki-ok
China's First Lady of Flight
Li Xiaqing, Aviatrix and Actress
dianying.com entry

categories: Chinese emigrants to the United States,1912 births,Chinese silent film actresses,1998 deaths,Chinese aviators,20th-century Chinese actresses,Actresses from Guangdong,Female aviators,Chinese female aviators,Chinese film actresses,People from Haifeng County

paragraph: Lee Ya-Ching

paragraph: Lee Ya-Ching or Li Xiaqing (; 1912–1998), also known by her stage name Li Dandan (), was a Chinese film actress and a pioneering aviator, as well as a philanthropist. She was the first Chinese woman to be granted a civil aviation license in China, in 1936, and also co-founded its first civilian flying school. As an actress, she starred in "Romance of the Western Chamber", and played the lead in an early adaptation of Mulan for the screen.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Disputed Passage" (1939) - Aviatrix (credited as Ya-Ching Lee)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Don't Change Your Husband" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Five Avenging Women" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mulan Joins the Army" (1928) - Hua Mulan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Wandering Songstress" () (1927) - Li Lingxiao

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Romance of the Western Chamber" () (1927) - Hongniang

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Poet from the Sea" (1927) - Liu Tsan Ying

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Why Not Her" () (1926) - Kong Qiongxian

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The God of Peace" () (1926) - Lin Cuiwei

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fung Joe Guey

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hilda Yen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kwon Ki-ok

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- China's First Lady of Flight

paragraph: BULLET::::- Li Xiaqing, Aviatrix and Actress

paragraph: BULLET::::- dianying.com entry

alias:
Li Xiaqing
Li Dandan
Lee Ya-ching

description: Chinese aviator and actor

wikidata_label: Lee Ya-Ching

wikipedia_title: Lee Ya-Ching


text: Newmarket, Ontario

text: Canadian

text: pair skater

text: Tori Maden

text: Becky Cosford

text: Johanna Purdy

text: Canadian Figure Skating Championships

text: Cosford & Maguire profile

categories: Canadian male pair skaters,1980 births,Living people,Sportspeople from Newmarket, Ontario

paragraph: Kevin Maguire (figure skater)

paragraph: Kevin Maguire (born September 26, 1980 in Newmarket, Ontario) is a Canadian pair skater. He previously competed with Tori Maden, Becky Cosford and Johanna Purdy. With Cosford, he placed 11th at the 2004 Canadian Figure Skating Championships. With Purdy, he was the 2001 Canadian junior national champion and competed twice at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships. Their partnership ended in 2002.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cosford & Maguire profile

description: figure skater

wikidata_label: Kevin Maguire

wikipedia_title: Kevin Maguire (figure skater)


text:
Romans-sur-Isère
Dauphiné
Acre
French Revolutionary Wars
French invasion of Egypt
régiment Royal-Infanterie
American Revolutionary War
Dugommier
chef de brigade
Bellegarde
général de brigade
Bonaparte
Augereau
Army of Italy
Arcole
peace of Campo Formio
Marseille
White Terror
Avignon
général de division
Egypt
Alexandria
Cairo
Battle of the Pyramids
Mont-Thabor
Kléber
El-Arich
Gaza
Jaffa
Saint-Jean-d'Acre
école militaire de Saint-Germain
558 officers
Arc de Triomphe

categories: French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars,People from Romans-sur-Isère,1758 births,French Republican military leaders killed in the French Revolutionary Wars,French generals,1799 deaths

paragraph: Louis André Bon

paragraph: Louis André Bon (25 October 1758 in Romans-sur-Isère, Dauphiné – 19 May 1799 in Acre) was a French general of the French Revolutionary Wars, best known for his participation in the 1798 French invasion of Egypt.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He first enrolled very young in the régiment Royal-Infanterie, and took part in the American Revolutionary War. Commanding a battalion of national volunteers in 1792, he rejoined Dugommier on the frontier between France and Spain, soon becoming chef de brigade, fighting bravely at the siege of Bellegarde and being promoted to général de brigade.

paragraph: He fought under Bonaparte and Augereau in the Army of Italy and was wounded whilst urging on his men on the bridge at Arcole. After the peace of Campo Formio, he commanded the 8e division militaire (Marseille), where he brought an end to the disorders caused by the White Terror, as he also did at Avignon.

paragraph: Promoted to général de division, he set out for Egypt, distinguishing himself before Alexandria, making a vital contribution to the capture of Cairo (by attacking an important enemy position), acting as one of the commanders of the left wing at the Battle of the Pyramids and contributing to the unexpected success at Mont-Thabor (in attacking the rear of the enemy attacked from the front by Kléber). He also fought at the taking of El-Arich, the raising of the siege of Gaza and the capture of Jaffa. He was finally mortally wounded before the walls of Saint-Jean-d'Acre, on 10 May 1799, at the head of his grenadiers, at the foot of the breach, in the last assault on the town.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: 14 years later Napoleon (now emperor) visited the école militaire de Saint-Germain and asked for the name of one of the students he had just reviewed - it was general Bon's son. On being asked by Napoleon, "Where is your mother?", he replied "In Paris, on a fourth floor, where she is dying of hunger". Napoleon instantly granted the general's widow an allowance, and created her son baron de l'Empire, also granting him an allowance.

paragraph: Section::::Distinctions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He is one of the 558 officers whose names are engraved on the Arc de Triomphe.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Louis André Bon", in Charles Mullié, "Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850", 1852

description: French general

wikidata_label: Louis André Bon

wikipedia_title: Louis André Bon


text: Yūki Masatomo

categories: 1559 deaths,Daimyo,1503 births,Yūki clan

paragraph: Yūki Masakatsu

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was the son of Yūki Masatomo.

paragraph: Section::::Daimyo.

paragraph: As clan leader, Masakatsu developed a code of provincial laws ("bunkoku-hō"). In 1556, he published .

alias:
Yuki Masakatsu
Yuuki Masakatsu

description: Japanese samurai and daimyo of the Sengoku period

wikidata_label: Yūki Masakatsu

wikipedia_title: Yūki Masakatsu


text:
fashion model
Cycle 4
America's Next Top Model
Detroit
Michigan
jazz
percussionist
Francisco Mora (painter)
Elizabeth Catlett
Mexican
African-American
Irish
John Coltrane
Naima
Tricky
Massive Attack
Aaron Sanchez
Cass Technical High School
ballet
Soka Gakkai International
Ted Talk
iBook
The Tyra Banks Show
Veronica Mars
CoverGirl
Yoanna House
Cycle 3
Emmy
Miss Teen USA
Cycle 2's
TV on the Radio
Miami
Project Runway

categories: American people of Irish descent,Hispanic and Latino American female models,Cass Technical High School alumni,Living people,1984 births,African-American female models,America's Next Top Model winners,American people of Mexican descent,Members of Sōka Gakkai,Identical twins,African-American models,Twin people from the United States,American television personalities,Actresses from Michigan,Nichiren Buddhists,Female models from Michigan,American Buddhists

paragraph: Naima Mora

paragraph: Naima Mora (born March 1, 1984) is an American fashion model and the winner of Cycle 4 of "America's Next Top Model".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Mora was born in Detroit, Michigan, the daughter of jazz vocalist and entrepreneur Theresa Mora and jazz percussionist Francisco Mora Catlett. Her paternal grandparents are Francisco Mora (painter) and sculptor, painter, and printmaker Elizabeth Catlett. She is the inspiration for her grandmother's 2001 black marble bust entitled "Naima". Catlett described it as:

paragraph: Her father is half Mexican and half African-American; her mother is Irish and African-American. She was named after the John Coltrane song "Naima". Mora has five sisters, including her identical twin, Nia, who is a photographer. Her older sister, Ife Sanchez Mora (born 1977), is a singer/ songwriter and was signed to Tricky's Massive Attack label Durban Poison/ DreamWorks S.K.G in the trip-hop group, The Autumn People and is now a solo rock singer Ife Sanchez Mora and part of duet Ife & Danny and was the wife of chef Aaron Sanchez.

paragraph: Mora grew up near West McNichols and Schaefer on Detroit's northwest side and attended Bates Academy for middle school. She graduated from Cass Technical High School in Detroit in 2002. A serious ballet student, Mora attended Detroit's Ballet Renaissance and was enrolled in American Ballet Theatre's Detroit summer program.

paragraph: Mora practices Nichiren Buddhism and is an active member of the Soka Gakkai International. In 2013, she gave a Ted Talk describing her upbringing and the influence of Buddhism on her career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: On September 3, 2012, she released the iBook "Naima Mora's Model Behavior", published by Possibility Publishing & Entertainment. She has been seen on television as a guest on "The Tyra Banks Show", on the second season premiere of "Veronica Mars", and in a CoverGirl commercial with Yoanna House.

paragraph: Mora and Cycle 3's Ann Markley were Trophy Girls at the 2005 Primetime Emmy Awards. Mora also served as a judge at the Miss Teen USA Pageant in 2005.

paragraph: Mora has done print modeling for "CoverGirl", "ELLE" Magazine, "Fuego" Magazine, "Us Weekly" Magazine, "Radar", "In Touch", "Star", "Teen People", Split Clothing, and elsewhere. Mora's runway shows include Christopher Deane Spring 2006 Collection, Gharani Strok Fall 2005, Carlos Miele Fashion Show, Walmart and ELLEgirl Presents Dare To Be You Spring 2006, Fashion Comedy Style 2005 (Charity Event), and New York Fashion Week 2007. She has modeled with her sisters twice: with her sister, Ife, for iTunes and with her twin, Nia, for Cycle 2's Camille McDonald's lingerie line, Lingerwear.

paragraph: In 2006, she completed filming a role in the independent film "Sarbanes-Oxley" and made an appearance in a music video for TV on the Radio's "Wolf Like Me." The following year, she was on the cover of "U&U" magazine and "Uzuri" magazine and was photographed by Romer Pedrome and Derek Blanks. In 2008, she had a cover and editorial in "Vicious" magazine, and she signed with 301 Model Management in Miami and Basic Model Management in New York City. She got a showcard for Fashion Week SS09 and walked in the Project Runway Finale for designer Joe Farris.

paragraph: Mora was the vocalist for the unsigned band Chewing Pics. As of fall 2009 the group was disbanded. Mora joined the band Galaxy of Tar.

description: US fashion model

wikidata_label: Naima Mora

wikipedia_title: Naima Mora


text:
professional golfer
World Golf Hall of Fame
San Diego, California
Walker Cup
U.S. Amateur
California State Amateur
PGA Tour
Doug Sanders
Canadian Open
San Diego State University
United States Navy
1954 U.S. Open
Ed Furgol
Paul Runyan
cancer
Japan
Australia
Bing Crosby National Pro-Am
major championship
1961 U.S. Open
Doug Sanders
Masters Tournament
PGA Championship
Billy Casper
Lanny Wadkins
Ryder Cup
Bob Jones Award
United States Golf Association
Senior PGA Tour
World Golf Hall of Fame
Major championship
Taiheiyo Club Masters
Taiheiyo Club Masters
Australian Masters
California State Open
World Series of Golf
World Senior Invitational
Vintage Invitational
Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf
Bob Rosburg
Vintage Invitational
Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf
Don January
Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf
Don January
Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf
Don January
Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf
Don January
Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf
Don January
Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf
Don January
USGA Championship Database
Walker Cup
1953
Ryder Cup
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1975
List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins
World Golf Hall of Fame profile

categories: Golfers from California,Ryder Cup competitors for the United States,PGA Tour Champions golfers,American male golfers,PGA Tour golfers,San Diego State Aztecs men's golfers,Sportspeople from San Diego,Winners of men's major golf championships,1930 births,World Golf Hall of Fame inductees,People from Rancho Santa Fe, California

paragraph: Gene Littler

paragraph: Gene Alec Littler (July 21, 1930 – February 15, 2019) was an American professional golfer and a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame. Known for a solid temperament and nicknamed "Gene the Machine" for his smooth rhythmical swing, he once said that, "Golf is not a game of great shots. It's a game of the best misses. The people who win make the smallest mistakes."

paragraph: Section::::Early years and amateur career.

paragraph: Littler was born in San Diego, California. He played on the 1953 United States Walker Cup team, and won the U.S. Amateur and the California State Amateur that same year. In 1954, he won a PGA Tour event as an amateur, a rare achievement which was not to be repeated until Doug Sanders won the Canadian Open in 1956.

paragraph: Littler graduated from San Diego State University, and after that served in the United States Navy from 1951 to 1954.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: An early highlight of Littler's professional playing career was a second-place finish at the 1954 U.S. Open. He finished one shot behind Ed Furgol.

paragraph: In 1955, he won four times on the tour, but fell into a slump in the late 1950s after tinkering with his swing. In 1959 after taking advice he received from Paul Runyan and adjusting his grip, he recovered to have his best year with five PGA Tour victories. He finished second on the money list that year, which was to remain his career best. Only once from 1954 to 1979 did Littler finish out of the top 60 on the final money list. He was stricken with melanoma cancer found in a lymph node under his left arm in 1972, but came back to win five more times on the PGA Tour. He ended his career with 29 PGA Tour wins, and also won two tournaments in Japan and one in Australia.

paragraph: One of Littler's 29 PGA Tour wins was unique. When he won the 1975 Bing Crosby National Pro-Am, it marked the first and (so far) only time that a player won that event as a professional after having previously won the pro-amateur portion, which Littler did as a 23-year-old amateur in 1954.

paragraph: Littler won one major championship – the 1961 U.S. Open. He shot a 68 in the final round to overtake Doug Sanders. He accumulated 17 top-10 finishes in the three U.S.-based majors: seven at the Masters Tournament, five at the PGA Championship, and five at the U.S. Open. In addition to his U.S. Open victory, he had one second-place finish in each of the three U.S. majors, losing playoffs to Billy Casper at the 1970 Masters and to Lanny Wadkins at the 1977 PGA Championship. The latter was the first ever sudden-death playoff in a major. He was a member of the U.S. Ryder Cup teams of 1961, 1963, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1971 and 1975, and had a 14-5-8 win/loss/tie record including five wins and three ties in 10 singles matches.

paragraph: Littler received the Ben Hogan Award in 1973 for a courageous comeback from injury or illness, after returning to the tour following treatment for malignant melanoma. Also in 1973, he was given the Bob Jones Award, the highest honor given by the United States Golf Association in recognition of distinguished sportsmanship in golf. In the 1980s and 1990s Littler played on the Senior PGA Tour, winning eight times. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1990.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life and death.

paragraph: On January 5, 1951, ten days before joining the Navy, Littler married Shirley Warren, his university classmate. They had a son, Curt, born in March 1954 and a daughter, Suzanne, born in October 1957. Littler died at the age of 88 on February 15, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins.:PGA Tour wins (29).

paragraph: Source

paragraph: PGA Tour playoff record (3–8)

paragraph: Major championship is shown in bold.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins.:Japan Golf Tour wins (2).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974 Taiheiyo Club Masters

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975 Taiheiyo Club Masters

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins.:Australian Tour wins (1).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 Australian Masters

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins.:Other wins (2).

paragraph: "this list may be incomplete"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 California State Open

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966 World Series of Golf

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins.:Champions Tour wins (8).

paragraph: Champions Tour playoff record (1–2)

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins.:Japan Senior Tour wins (2).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 Coca-Cola Grandslam Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987 Coca-Cola Grandslam Championship

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins.:Other senior wins (10).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 World Senior Invitational

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 Vintage Invitational

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf (with Bob Rosburg)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 Vintage Invitational

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf (with Don January)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986 Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf (with Don January)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf - Legendary Division (with Don January)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf - Legendary Division (with Don January)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf - Demaret Division (with Don January)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf - Demaret Division (with Don January)

paragraph: Section::::Major championships.

paragraph: Section::::Major championships.:Results timeline.

paragraph: CUT = missed the halfway cut

paragraph: DQ = disqualified

paragraph: WD = withdrew

paragraph: R64, R32, R16, QF, SF = Round in which player lost in match playbr

paragraph: "T" indicates a tie for a place.

paragraph: Source for U.S. Open and U.S. Amateur: USGA Championship Database

paragraph: Section::::Major championships.:Summary.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most consecutive cuts made – 14 (1962 PGA – 1967 Masters)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Longest streak of top-10s – 4 (1961 U.S. Open – 1962 U.S. Open)

paragraph: Section::::U.S. national team appearances.

paragraph: Amateur

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walker Cup: 1953 (winners)

paragraph: Professional

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ryder Cup: 1961 (winners), 1963 (winners), 1965 (winners), 1967 (winners), 1969 (tie), 1971 (winners), 1975 (winners)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Golf Hall of Fame profile

description: American golfer

wikidata_label: Gene Littler

wikipedia_title: Gene Littler


text:
cross-country skier
men's sprint event
2002 Winter Olympics

categories: Estonian male cross-country skiers,Cross-country skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics,People from Järva County,Olympic cross-country skiers of Estonia,Living people,1973 births

paragraph: Pavo Raudsepp

paragraph: Pavo Raudsepp (born 9 October 1973) is an Estonian cross-country skier. He competed in the men's sprint event at the 2002 Winter Olympics.

description: Estonian politician

wikidata_label: Pavo Raudsepp

wikipedia_title: Pavo Raudsepp


text:
YWCA
Vails Gate, New York
United States Navy
American Civil War
Cornell University
Johns Hopkins University
University of Minnesota
eugenics
Alice Stone Blackwell
Federal Writers' Project
Works Progress Administration
Frederick Lewis Allen
Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota
A 1931 portrait of Mabel S. Ulrich
Minnesota Historical Society

categories: Physicians from Minnesota,1945 deaths,American women writers,Cornell University alumni,People from Minneapolis,Sex educators,Johns Hopkins University alumni,Educators from Minnesota,20th-century women physicians,1876 births,American women educators,American women physicians,20th-century American physicians,20th-century American educators

paragraph: Mabel S. Ulrich

paragraph: Mabel Simis Ulrich (1876 – August 12, 1945) was an American medical doctor and health educator, lecturing nationally on sex and hygiene for the YWCA. She also wrote, owned several bookstores, and ran the Minnesota Writers' Project during the 1930s.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Mabel Palmer Simis was from Vails Gate, New York, the daughter of Adolph Simis Jr. and Emma Van Duzen Simis. Her father was born in Germany, and a United States Navy veteran of the American Civil War. He was Commissioner of Charities for Brooklyn and Queens at the time of his death in 1900. Mabel Simis graduated from Cornell University in 1897, served as a naval hospital nurse in 1898, and earned her medical degree at Johns Hopkins University in 1901.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Medicine and public health.

paragraph: Ulrich practiced medicine in Minneapolis, where she served on the vice commission, the Board of Public Welfare, and the Health and Hospitals committee. She was a student health advisor to young women at the University of Minnesota, and Supervisor of Social Hygiene Education in the Division of Veneral Diseases at the state Board of Health. She spoke in favor of eugenics education in high schools at a teachers' conference in Montana in 1913, but favored preventive measures such as education and premarital health certificates, and denounced eugenic sterilization.

paragraph: In 1914, Ulrich was appointed by the YWCA to tour schools and colleges, lecturing on sex and hygiene subjects. In 1916, she gave a summer institute for teachers interested in teaching sex education classes. Her pamphlet "Mothers of America" (1919), aimed at young women, has been described as an unusually direct, detailed, and informative example of the genre from before World War I. Another Ulrich pamphlet was "The Girl's Part" (1918). She debated with Alice Stone Blackwell in an essay in "The Woman Citizen" in 1919; she was in favor of laws confining women with sexually-transmitted diseases, Blackwell was opposed.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Writing and books.

paragraph: Beyond medicine and public health, Ulrich was interested in writing. She published short fiction, including "The Swede's Angel" (1905), and a play, "Daylight Saving" (1933). She opened a bookstore in Minneapolis in 1921, and by 1927 owned five bookshops in Minnesota. Her shops also sold rare prints. In 1931, she was appointed to head of the Minnesota implementation of the Federal Writers' Project, a program of the federal Works Progress Administration. She resigned that post in 1938. She edited a collection of essays by women, titled "The More I See Of Men" (Harper & Brothers, 1932), with an introduction by Frederick Lewis Allen. In the 1930s and 1940s, she wrote book reviews for "The Saturday Review of Literature".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Mabel Simis married a fellow Hopkins-trained doctor, Henry Ludwig Ulrich. They had two daughters, Katherine and Josephine; their younger daughter Josephine Simis Ulrich followed her parents into a medical education at Johns Hopkins University. Mabel Simis Ulrich died in 1945, aged 69 years, when she fell off a cliff while staying at her summer home in Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A 1931 portrait of Mabel S. Ulrich, in the collection of the Minnesota Historical Society.

paragraph: BULLET::::- David A. Taylor, "Soul of a People: The WPA Writers’ Project Uncovers Depression America" (Wiley & Sons 2009; ). Discusses Ulrich's work with the Minnesota Writers' Project.

wikidata_label: Mabel S. Ulrich

wikipedia_title: Mabel S. Ulrich


text:
British
Hampstead
headmistress
Sompting
St Mary's churchyard in Sompting
Henry Caldwell Cook
The Perse School

categories: 1956 deaths,1871 births,People from Hampstead

paragraph: Harriet Finlay-Johnson

paragraph: Harriet Finlay-Johnson or Harriet Johnson or Harriet Weller (12 March 1871 – 1956) was a British educationalist and schoolteacher known for encouraging children to create dramas to improve their education.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Finlay-Johnson was born in Hampstead in 1871. Her parents were Thomas Connolly and Jane (born FitzPatrick) Johnson. Harriet and her sister Emily both became teachers. She qualified in 1892 after working for eight years at St Mary's School, Willesden.

paragraph: She became the headmistress of the village school in Sompting in Sussex in 1897. Her sister Emily was employed on the same day on the same salary. Emily was in charge of the infants whilst Harriet was head. She led fifty children and she decided that only a revolutionary approach would put the children as the focus of education - "to help them to grow". She started by using nature walks. The approach at the school was not based on control but in empowering the children with educational visits. By 1903 she was one of twelve teachers chosen to serve on an advisory board on elementary education in her county.

paragraph: Finlay-Johnson's major work was described in her book "The dramatic Method of Teaching". Her book explains how she had encouraged children to create their own plays. Sometimes these would be based on works of fiction but at other times they would create their own original plays based on their own research of facts from history. The teacher was seen as the facilitator and not the lead in the investigation that created the drama. Moreover, she believed that the final creation should not be judged by adult concepts of how good the production was but through the eyes of the participants.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: Johnson's achievement's became well known and although she was only the headmistress of a small Sussex school her work had wide interest. Her career however came to a premature end when she decided to marry George Weller in 1909. George was a former pupil but he was twenty years of age and seventeen years younger than his former headteacher. Johnson had to leave the profession and one source says this was due to the scandal of marrying a former younger pupil. However Harriet did nor resign until 21 January 1910 and another woman had previously resigned from the school due to becoming married. George was in business and he lived until 1952 whilst Harriet died in 1956. They are buried in St Mary's churchyard in Sompting.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Her work was built on by Henry Caldwell Cook at The Perse School and popularised in his book "The Play Way". Johnson's life has been the subject of a biography by Mary Bowmaker. The school building in Sompting is now a community centre which is named the Harriet Johnson Centre. On the side of the building is a blue plaque to Harriet Finlay Johnson.

alias:
Harriet Johnson
Harriet Weller

description: British schoolteacher

wikidata_label: Harriet Finlay-Johnson

wikipedia_title: Harriet Finlay-Johnson


text:
Digambara monk
Digambara monk
Śvētāmbara

categories: 8th-century Jain monks,8th-century Indian monks,8th-century Indian Jains,Indian Jain monks

paragraph: Aparajita (Jain monk)

paragraph: Aparajita was an eighth century "Digambara monk".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Aparajita was an eighth century "Digambara monk" who defended the practice of "Digambara monks" of being nude. His explanation reduced "Śvētāmbara" monks and nuns to the status of lay people. He explained that "Digambara" does not mean just being nude, instead it means "abandonment of all possessions", the desire to possess things, and the fear of losing them.

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: Indian Jain monk

wikidata_label: Aparajita

wikipedia_title: Aparajita (Jain monk)


text:
New Zealand
World Hip Hop Dance Championship
Manurewa
Auckland
Samoan
Chinese
Scottish
ReQuest
Auckland Girls' Grammar School
Ciara
Little Mix
Justin Bieber
Rihanna
Janet Jackson
Jennifer Lopez
Nicki Minaj
Big Bang
2NE1
CL
iKon
G-Dragon
Taeyang
Black Pink
Sorry
Auckland
America's Best Dance Crew
Dancing With the Stars Australia
Jennifer Lopez
"American Idol" season 11
DeeWunn
Stan Walker
DeeWunn
DanceHall
World Of Dance
Arts Pasifka Awards
Variety Artists Club of New Zealand Inc
New Zealand Women of Influence Award
World Of Dance
New Zealand Post
TVNZ
Fair Go

categories: People from Auckland,21st-century New Zealand people,21st-century dancers,New Zealand people of Samoan descent,Women choreographers,New Zealand people of Scottish descent,New Zealand autobiographers,New Zealand female dancers,People educated at Auckland Girls' Grammar School,New Zealand people of Chinese descent,1991 births,New Zealand choreographers,Living people,New Zealand Women of Influence Award recipients

paragraph: Parris Goebel

paragraph: Parris Renee Goebel (born 29 October 1991), also known professionally as Parri$, is a New Zealand-born choreographer, dancer, singer, director and actress. Her dance crew The Royal Family has won the World Hip Hop Dance Championship three times.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Goebel was born and raised in Manurewa, Auckland, New Zealand, the youngest of four children of Brett and LeeAnn Goebel. She is of Samoan, Chinese, and Scottish descent. She was interested in dance from a young age and started hip-hop lessons when she was 10. When she was 15, she started the dance group ReQuest with four female friends. Initially they practiced in Goebel's aunt's garage and later at her father's warehouse. After a year working together, they went to the Monsters of Hip Hop Dance Convention in the United States and Goebel was selected to dance in the finale performance of the convention.

paragraph: Following the convention, Goebel left Auckland Girls' Grammar School to concentrate on her dancing.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Goebel has worked with artists including Ciara, Little Mix, Justin Bieber, Rihanna, Janet Jackson, Jennifer Lopez, Nicki Minaj, Big Bang, 2NE1, CL, iKon, G-Dragon, Taeyang, and Black Pink. Her work has included choreographing routines and starring in music videos and movies. One of her notable successes was her work choreographing the video "Sorry" for Justin Bieber, which as of December 2016 is the 3rd most viewed video on YouTube with more than 2 billion views. This video in fact won the 'best video of the year' award at AMAs. Goebel went on to choreograph and direct all thirteen of Justin Bieber's Purpose: The Movement videos. These videos have totalled over 4.6 billion views combined.

paragraph: Goebel and her father, who is also her manager, run The Palace Dance Studio in Auckland.

paragraph: In 2012, Goebel starred on both "America's Best Dance Crew" and "Dancing With the Stars Australia". She then worked on Jennifer Lopez's 2012 world tour and performed with her on the "American Idol" season 11 finale. Goebel went on to choreograph and take on a role in the American 3D dance film "," released on 8 August 2014.

paragraph: In 2015, her choreography for DeeWunn's "Mek It Bunx Up" went viral and has received over 8 million views on YouTube.

paragraph: In 2015, Goebel was the leading choreographer for New Zealand's first hip-hop feature film, "Born to Dance". Stan Walker, the winner of Australian Idol, 2009, who starred as one of the main actors of the movie, described her as "the best" to work with.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Music.

paragraph: On 8 August 2016 Goebel released her first music video to the song "Friday", which was then featured on her EP "Vicious". Later in August 2016, she released a music video for "Nasty", which is also featured on the EP.

paragraph: In December 2016 she released her debut album "Vicious" which featuring a slew of talent including Jamaican Dancehall star, DeeWunn.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Style.

paragraph: Goebel is known for her particular style, known as Polyswagg. As she describes it, her style is based on hearing, breathing and living the music, being passionate while dancing and transmitting feelings. She also draws on music inspirations from the DanceHall style. Large amounts of her routines include this element, most notably in the Royal Family's World Hip Hop Dance Championship performances.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Awards.

paragraph: In 2009, Goebel was awarded the Street Dance New Zealand Choreographer of the Year and Dancer of the Year awards. In 2014, she was named Female Choreographer of the Year at the World Of Dance Awards in Los Angeles.

paragraph: In 2006 she was awarded the Special Recognition Award at the Creative New Zealand Arts Pasifka Awards. In 2015 she was presented with the Top Variety Artist Award from the Variety Artists Club of New Zealand Inc. Also in 2015, Goebel won the Young Leader category of the New Zealand Women of Influence Awards.

paragraph: In 2016 she won Female Choreographer of the Year and Live Performance of the Year at the World Of Dance Awards. In the same year, the advertisement that she choreographed for New Zealand Post won Worst Ad 2016 in the TVNZ Fair Go Ad Awards

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Publication.

paragraph: In March 2018 Goebel published her autobiography "Young Queen."

paragraph: Section::::World Hip-Hop Dance Championships.

paragraph: Palace Dance Studios crews and their records in the annual competition.

paragraph: *Denotes disbanded crews.

wikidata_label: Parris Goebel

wikipedia_title: Parris Goebel