text:
Hamburg
Impressionist
Jakob Becker
Städelsches Kunstinstitut
Prussian Academy of Arts
Carl Steffeck
Weimar Saxon Grand Ducal Art School
Charles Verlat
Düsseldorf
Max Liebermann
Munich Secession
Wilhelm Leibl
Carl Rodeck
Arthur Siebelist
Holstein
Friedrich Ahlers-Hestermann
Jenisch House
ArtNet: More works by Herbst.

categories: German male painters,1848 births,People from Hamburg,20th-century German painters,1915 deaths,19th-century German painters

paragraph: Thomas Herbst (painter)

paragraph: Thomas Ludwig Herbst (27 July 1848, Hamburg - 19 January 1915, Hamburg) was a German Impressionist painter; known mostly for landscapes and animal portraits.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He took his first lessons in 1865 with Jakob Becker at the Städelsches Kunstinstitut in Frankfurt. The following year, he transferred to the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin, where he worked with Carl Steffeck. In 1868, he transferred again, this time to the Weimar Saxon Grand Ducal Art School, where he took advanced studies with Charles Verlat.

paragraph: From 1873 to 1876, he lived in Düsseldorf and took several trips to the Netherlands. He then spent a year in Paris with his friend, Max Liebermann, before moving to Munich, where he came into contact with the Munich Secession and Wilhelm Leibl.

paragraph: In 1884, he returned to Hamburg and became a drawing teacher at the "Vocational School for Women". More training followed in 1890, with the landscape painter, Carl Rodeck. In 1897, he became one of the founding members of the but, according to Arthur Siebelist, resigned in 1903 because he did not like their "cultural standards".

paragraph: In 1906, he went on an extended study trip to Holstein with Friedrich Ahlers-Hestermann. In later years, he acquired the nickname "Kuhherbst" (Kuh means Cow), in reference to one of his favorite subjects.

paragraph: In 2015, on the centennial of his death, the Jenisch House in Hamburg held a major retrospective of his works.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carsten Meyer-Tönnesmann: "Der Hamburgische Künstlerclub von 1897." Atelier im Bauernhaus, Fischerhude 1997, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans-Jörg Czech, Carsten Meyer-Tönnesmann, Nicole Tiedemann-Bischop (Eds.): "Thomas Herbst. 1848–1915. Liebermanns Freund, Lichtwarks Hoffnung". (exhibition catalog, Hamburg Historical Museum Foundation), Atelier im Bauernhaus, 2015

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ArtNet: More works by Herbst.

alias:
Thomas Ludvig Herbst
Thomas Ludwig Herbst
Theodor Herbst
Th. Herbst
thomas ludwig herbst
T. M. Herbst
Thomas herbst
thomas herbst

description: German Impressionist painter

wikidata_label: Thomas Herbst

wikipedia_title: Thomas Herbst (painter)


text:
House of Saud
Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia
Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah
King Abdullah
Special Envoy
King Fahd
King Abdullah
Crown Prince Sultan
Crown Prince Nayef
Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
Muhammad bin Nayef
Riyadh
Hamoud
Ibn Saud
Baraka Al Yamaniyah
Yemeni
concubine
Britain's RAF College in Cranwell
aeronautics
flight lieutenant
master's degree
United States
the Saudi Royal Air Force (RSAF)
King Khalid
Hail
Madinah Province
Abdul Majeed bin Abdulaziz
King Fahd
Hajj
Abdulaziz bin Majid
King Abdullah
Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah
Prince Nawwaf
al Qaeda
AQAP
Bandar bin Sultan
southeast Asia
Pervez Musharraf
Nawaz Sharif
Benazir Bhutto
the Jeddah airport
Prince Saud Al Faisal
Iran
Shia
Eastern Province
Crown Prince Nayef
Crown Prince Salman
Allegiance Council
Fahd bin Muqrin
Turki
Mansour
Prince Turki
Turkey
Rabigh Wings Aviation Academy
Jeddah
Saudi Aviation Club
astronomy
literature
Arabic poetry
Dlebta
Lebanon

categories: Graduates of the Royal Air Force College Cranwell,Directors of Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah,Governors of provinces in Saudi Arabia,Government ministers of Saudi Arabia,1945 births,Sons of Ibn Saud,Saudi Arabian aviators,Crown Princes of Saudi Arabia,Living people

paragraph: Muqrin bin Abdulaziz

paragraph: Muqrin bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (; born 15 September 1945) is a member of House of Saud who served as Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia from January to April 2015. He was Director General of Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah (Saudi Intelligence Agency) from 2005 to 2012. In July 2012, Muqrin was appointed King Abdullah's Advisor and Special Envoy with the rank of minister. On 1 February 2013, King Abdullah named him as Second Deputy Prime Minister, being the fifth Saudi royal to hold this position. This post was previously held by King Fahd, King Abdullah, Crown Prince Sultan, and Crown Prince Nayef. On 27 March 2014, he was named Deputy Crown Prince making him second in the line of succession behind his brother Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. On 23 January 2015, upon King Abdullah's death and the accession of King Salman, Muqrin became Crown Prince and First Deputy Prime Minister. Only three months later, on 29 April 2015, King Salman replaced Prince Muqrin with Prince Muhammad bin Nayef as Crown Prince.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Muqrin bin Abdulaziz was born in Riyadh on 15 September 1945, or 1943. He is the 35th and, following the death of his younger half-brother Hamoud in 1994, the youngest surviving son of Ibn Saud. His mother, Baraka Al Yamaniyah, was Yemeni and was concubine of Ibn Saud.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Muqrin studied at the Riyadh Model Institute. He, then, went to Britain's RAF College in Cranwell and graduated with a degree in aeronautics at the rank of flight lieutenant in 1968. He also received a diploma, equivalent to a master's degree, from the General Staff course in the United States in 1974.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Muqrin bin Abdulaziz was an air force pilot. In 1965, he joined the Saudi Royal Air Force (RSAF). He was named commander of the RSAF's 2nd air squadron in 1970. He had served in several positions in the RSAF from 1973 to 1977 before being appointed the adjutant to the director of air operations. He then was elevated to president of operations and planning for the RSAF. He left the RSAF in 1980.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Governorship.

paragraph: On 18 March 1980, King Khalid appointed Prince Muqrin as governor of Hail and his tenure lasted until 1999. On 24 November 1999, he was appointed governor of Madinah Province as a successor to his late brother, Abdul Majeed bin Abdulaziz. King Fahd later ordered him to modernize the city in response to a wave of anti-government and anti-royalty demonstrations during Hajj. Prince Muqrin developed the education and health care services offered in remote regions. Considered a traditionalist, Prince Muqrin worked to promote traditional values during his appointments as governor. He remained in office until October 2005. Abdulaziz bin Majid succeeded him as governor of Madinah Province.

paragraph: On 22 October 2005, King Abdullah appointed Prince Muqrin as director general of Saudi Arabia's intelligence agency Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah. His appointment occurred nine months after the resignation of the former director general Prince Nawwaf.

paragraph: Prince Muqrin organized a conference on combating internet militancy, particularly used by al Qaeda in 2007. He further declared that Al Mukhabarat al A'amah would set a website to inform citizens about threats to security. He also stated that the organization would be restructured to combat with AQAP. He successfully expelled Islamist militants from Saudi Arabia. On 19 July 2012, Prince Muqrin was relieved from his post and replaced by Bandar bin Sultan. It was argued by media that Prince Muqrin had been criticized during his term due to his approach towards some sensitive issues. On the other hand, Prince Muqrin was named advisor at the rank of minister and a special envoy to King Abdullah the same day. His responsibility was stated to be the affairs in southeast Asia.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Director General of Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah.:Activities.

paragraph: Prince Muqrin played an active role in Pakistani politics during his term at the Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah. After Pervez Musharraf's 1999 military coup on Nawaz Sharif, the Saudi government arranged a ten-year agreement with Pervez Musharraf to accept Nawaz Sharif as an exile. Because of Benazir Bhutto's early return from exile and the upcoming 2008 elections, Sharif attempted to return to Pakistan in 2007 against the advice of Prince Muqrin. However, Sharif was quickly deported from Pakistan and was greeted by Muqrin bin Abdulaziz at the Jeddah airport. Prince Muqrin was also involved in political reconciliation efforts in Pakistan.

paragraph: On the other hand, Muqrin bin Abdulaziz and Foreign Minister Prince Saud Al Faisal were reported to be in favor of pushing the sanctions against Iran instead of military action as King Abdullah insisted. However, Prince Muqrin also argued that Iran’s interference in internal Gulf affairs, especially Iran's move in regard to nuclear arms, had very negative effects on the region and therefore, might cause an arms race among the Gulf states.

paragraph: Section::::Succession.

paragraph: Section::::Succession.:Eligibility.

paragraph: Prince Muqrin was considered to be one of the candidates for accession to the throne since he has governmental experience although his maternal line was seen as a factor curtailing his chance in this regard.

paragraph: The Prince is said to be much appreciated by the Saudi public because he has never been known for corruption or other negative activities and was considered to be one of King Abdullah's long-time allies.

paragraph: He is also believed by many to be a liberal within the family. However, letter exchanges regarding the Shia in the Eastern Province illustrated an interesting opposition between Muqrin and Crown Prince Nayef. The letters discussed how a situation involving Shia instigation in the Eastern Province should have been handled. In these exchanges, Prince Muqrin argued for a much stronger and harsher approach, but he was vetoed by Crown Prince Nayef.

paragraph: Section::::Succession.:Second Deputy Prime Minister.

paragraph: Prince Muqrin was appointed as Second Deputy Prime Minister by King Abdullah on 1 February 2013, although he was not seen as a potential contender for the post by analysts. This post, which had been vacant since October 2011, is regarded as second in line to the Saudi throne. In practical terms, in this role Prince Muqrin was expected to handle daily running of the country whenever King Abdullah and Crown Prince Salman were out of the country or could not deal with daily administrative affairs due to health concerns. In addition to the post of Second Deputy Prime Minister, Prince Muqrin kept his other two previous posts, namely adviser to and special envoy of King Abdullah.

paragraph: Section::::Succession.:Deputy Crown Prince.

paragraph: After almost a year with the post of Second Deputy Prime Minister vacant, Prince Muqrin was formally designated by royal decree in 2013. This meant that he was informally next in line, bypassing several senior princes. In order to make his place in the line of succession permanent and preclude any challenges by any of the dispossessed royals, King Abdullah polled each member of the Allegiance Council individually before announcing Muqrin's new title.

paragraph: Prince Muqrin's nomination, according to Reuters, gave more assurance to the kingdom's long-term succession process, proving prophetic with the efficient change of power upon the death of King Abdullah and the accession of King Salman on 23 January 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Succession.:Crown Prince.

paragraph: Prince Muqrin became Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia and First Deputy Prime Minister on 23 January 2015. After a tenure of barely three months, he was relieved of his position as Crown Prince on 29 April 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Prince Muqrin is married to Abta bint Hamoud Al Rashid. She was president of the Women's Council when Prince Muqrin was Madinah governor.

paragraph: He has 14 children. His daughters are Mudahawi, Sara, Mishail, Abta, Nuf, Lamiya, Jawahir, and Sara. His sons are Fahd bin Muqrin, Abdul Aziz, Faysal, Turki, Mansour, and Bandur. Prince Turki founded a real-estate company in Turkey. He is a pilot and CEO of Rabigh Wings Aviation Academy in Jeddah. Prince Turki is also board member of the Saudi Aviation Club.

paragraph: Muqrin bin Abdulaziz is said to enjoy astronomy, literature and Arabic poetry and has a large library containing thousands of books.

paragraph: Prince Muqrin purchased four real estate properties about 7,700 square meters in Dlebta, Lebanon, following the approval of the cabinet in 2012 and the publishing of the listed sale in the official gazette. Dlebta’s residents objected to the deal and filed a complaint with the relevant authorities.

alias:
Muqrin bin Abdulaziz
Muqrin bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

description: Saudi royal

wikidata_label: Muqrin bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud

wikipedia_title: Muqrin bin Abdulaziz


text:
Turkish
Alevi
Turkish people
God
Islam
Prophet Muhammad
Imam Ali
Twelve Imams
Ottoman
Turkish
Turkish language
Sivas
Hızır Paşa
Alevi
gnostic
baglama
Turkey
Ashik
Alevi
Qizilbash

categories: Executed revolutionaries,Turkish Alevis,Turkish-language poets,1550 deaths,1480 births

paragraph: Pir Sultan Abdal

paragraph: Pir Sultan Abdal (ca. 1480–1550) was a Turkish Alevi poet, whose direct and clear language as well as the richness of his imagination and the beauty of his verses led him to become loved among the Turkish people. Pir Sultan Abdal reflected the social, cultural and religious life of the people; he was a humanist, and wrote about God, Islam, Prophet Muhammad, Imam Ali, Twelve Imams, resistance, love and peace. He was also rebellious against authoritarian rule which led him into problems with the Ottoman establishment.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: Pir Sultan Abdal's ethnic origin is Turkish, his poetry was in the Turkish language and he originated from Sivas, which is mostly populated by ethnic Turks. Although Some researchers believe "Pir Sultan" wasn't just the one in Sivas, who has rebelled against the state and hanged for his religious convictions by Hızır Paşa's orders. Most of the information about him and his era we find in his verses, which reveal him as cultivated well educated and intellectual.

paragraph: Pir Sultan Abdal, was an Alevi, his early work is dedicated to lyrical and pastoral themes and to the gnostic approach he had adopted. He criticized some Ottoman governors, Hizir Pasha in particular who ruled the region and his unjust officers.

paragraph: His verses and calls for the rights and freedoms of the peasant folk soon attracted a lot of support among the masses who supported these ideals. As a result, he was hanged by Hizir Pasha.

paragraph: But the tradition of his poetry and his struggle have remained alive till this day. His poetry was sung accompanied by the baglama, or saz, throughout the ages by folk singers. Today in modern Turkey the Baglama is one of the most loved instruments of the people and is extremely popular and widely used.

paragraph: Many poets acquired his name to keep 'Pir Sultan's voice' alive. According to literary historians, there were at least six other poets bearing the same name.

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.:Poem 1.

paragraph: One of the original and to the real Pir Sultan trackable poem, which has been presented to the UNESCO begins (translated) as following:

paragraph: to this assembly-place, be praised

paragraph: the existence of him, who brought us

paragraph: awoken within lifeless-sorrowed bodies

paragraph: the existence of him, who dressed us

paragraph: beloved Ali, loving-creator Ali

paragraph: belifed Ali, life-carrying Ali

paragraph: my master is Shah Ibrahim Veli

paragraph: praised be the existence's essence

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Pir Sultan followed the traditional style of folk literature. The outstanding characteristic of his poems, the use of vernacular language, keen and clear style still prevail in folkloric poetry. He also had a great influence on the poets of modern Turkey in the republican era and is today a beloved figure.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ashik

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alevi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Qizilbash

description: poet

wikidata_label: Pir Sultan Abdal

wikipedia_title: Pir Sultan Abdal


text:
Nubia
Taharqa
25th Dynasty
Shepenupet II
Piye
Divine Adoratrice of Amun
26th Dynasty
Nitocris
Psamtik I

categories: 7th-century BC clergy,Year of birth unknown,People of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt,Ancient Egyptian princesses,Year of death unknown,Taharqa,7th-century BC women,God's Wives of Amun

paragraph: Amenirdis II

paragraph: The ancient Nubian princess Amenirdis II, daughter of the Kushite pharaoh Taharqa of the 25th Dynasty, was adopted by Shepenupet II, daughter of Piye, to become Divine Adoratrice of Amun from around 650 BC to 640 BC during the 26th Dynasty. Amenirdis adopted Nitocris, daughter of Psamtik I, to become her successor.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Steven Bianchi, "Daily Life Of The Nubians", Greenwood Press 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karol Myśliwiec, "The Twilight of Ancient Egypt: First Millennium B.C.E.", Cornell University Press 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- I. E. S. Edwards, John Boardman, John B. Bury, S. A. Cook, "The Cambridge Ancient History", Cambridge University Press 1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aidan Dodson, "Monarchs of the Nile", American Univ. in Cairo Press 2000

description: Ancient Egyptian princess and priestess, God's Wife of Amun

wikidata_label: Amenirdis II

wikipedia_title: Amenirdis II


text:
Vienna
Austria
German studies
Rudolf Much
Germanic Continuity Theory
ancient Germanic
German folklore
Germanic paganism
sacral kingship
Männerbünde
University of Uppsala
Sweden
Kiel
Munich
World War II
Vienna
Jan de Vries
Georges Dumézil
volkisch
Friedrich Ranke
Heinrich Himmler
Ahnenerbe
NSDAP
Vilhelm Grønbech
geistiger Mitläufer

categories: 1901 births,1987 deaths,Austrian expatriates in Sweden,Austrian Nazis,Writers on Germanic paganism,Scientists from Vienna,Linguists from Austria,Austrian expatriates in Germany

paragraph: Otto Höfler

paragraph: Otto Höfler (10 May 1901 – 25 August 1987, in Vienna) was an Austrian scholar of German studies. He was a student of Rudolf Much, and adopted Much's "Germanic Continuity Theory," which argued for continuity of ancient Germanic culture into present-day German folklore. His contributions center on studies of Germanic paganism, the continuation of Germanic cultural strata, sacral kingship and Männerbünde (secret societies) in a Germanic context, and Germanic historical phonology.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: After lecturing at the University of Uppsala in Sweden, he was appointed professor in Kiel from 1935 to 1938, in Munich from 1938 to 1945, and after World War II in Vienna from 1951 to 1971. Höfler was a friend of Jan de Vries and Georges Dumézil.

paragraph: Höfler published his professorial thesis of 1934, "Kultische Geheimbünde der Germanen" ("Secret Cultic Societies of the Germanic Peoples") with volkisch publisher Moritz Diesterweg in Frankfurt. (Two volumes were projected but the second never appeared.) Its argument met with opposition from and Friedrich Ranke, but the book became a favorite of Heinrich Himmler's, and Höfler became a very active collaborator in Himmler's cultural project "Ahnenerbe" and a regular contributor to the magazine "Germania".

paragraph: Höfler had been a member of the Nazi Students' Organization since 1922; in 1937 he joined the NSDAP, and he became a prominent National Socialist academic, overseeing the German translation of Vilhelm Grønbech's "The Culture of the Teutons". In 1938 his treatment of "Germanic continuity" in the spirit of Much appeared as the lead article in the prestigious "Historische Zeitschrift".

paragraph: Despite his active party membership and support of the ideology of the SS, after the war Höfler was officially categorized as a "geistiger Mitläufer" ("intellectual fellow traveler"), an official category for people judged to have been neither actively involved with nor actively opposed to Nazi crimes.

description: Austrian linguist

wikidata_label: Otto Höfler

wikipedia_title: Otto Höfler


text:
King of Aquitaine
Duke of Maine
Emperor
Louis the Pious
Ermengarde of Hesbaye
Empire
Ermoldus Nigellus
Brittany
Lothair
Wala
Gascon
Paris
Neustria
Brittany
Compiègne
Louis the German
Bavaria
Limoges
Ebbo
archbishop of Reims
Church of St. Radegonde
Poitiers
Madrie
Pepin
Charles
Archbishop of Mainz
Charles the Bald
Gerard, Count of Auvergne

categories: 797 births,Rulers of the Carolingian Empire,Dukes of Maine,838 deaths,Frankish warriors,Burials in Nouvelle-Aquitaine,9th-century monarchs in Europe

paragraph: Pepin I of Aquitaine

paragraph: Pepin I or Pepin I of Aquitaine (French: "Pépin"; 797 – 13 December 838) was King of Aquitaine and Duke of Maine.

paragraph: Pepin was the second son of Emperor Louis the Pious and his first wife, Ermengarde of Hesbaye. When his father assigned to each of his sons a kingdom (within the Empire) in August 817, he received Aquitaine, which had been Louis's own subkingdom during "his" father Charlemagne's reign. Ermoldus Nigellus was his court poet and accompanied him on a campaign into Brittany in 824.

paragraph: Pepin rebelled in 830 at the insistence of his brother Lothair's advisor Wala. He took an army of Gascons with him and marched all the way to Paris, with the support of the Neustrians. His father marched back from a campaign in Brittany all the way to Compiègne, where Pepin surrounded his forces and captured him. The rebellion, however, broke up.

paragraph: In 832, Pepin rebelled again and his brother Louis the German soon followed. Louis the Pious was in Aquitaine to subdue any revolt, but was drawn off by the Bavarian insurrection of the younger Louis. Pepin took Limoges and other Imperial territories. The next year, Lothair joined the rebellion and, with the assistance of Ebbo, archbishop of Reims, the rebel sons deposed their father in 833. Lothair's later behaviour alienated Pepin, and the latter was at his father's side when Louis the Pious was reinstated on 1 March 834. Pepin was restored to his former status.

paragraph: Pepin died scarcely four years later and was buried in the Church of St. Radegonde in Poitiers.

paragraph: In 822, Pepin had married Ingeltrude, daughter of Theodobert, count of Madrie, with whom he had two sons: Pepin (823-after 864), and Charles (825-830 - 4 June 863), who became Archbishop of Mainz.

paragraph: Both were minors when Pepin died, so Louis the Pious awarded Aquitaine to his own youngest son, Pepin's half-brother Charles the Bald. The Aquitainians, however, elected Pepin's son as Pepin II. His brother Charles also briefly claimed the kingdom. Both died childless. Pepin also had two daughters, one of whom married Gerard, Count of Auvergne.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collins, Roger. "Pippin I and the Kingdom of Aquitaine." "Charlemagne's Heir: New Perspectives on the Reign of Louis the Pious", edd. P. Godman and Roger Collins. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. Reprinted in "Law, Culture and Regionalism in Early Medieval Spain". Variorum, 1992. .

description: Frankish king

wikidata_label: Pepin I of Aquitaine

wikipedia_title: Pepin I of Aquitaine


text: Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia

text: Croatia

text: Senj

text: Modruš

text: king Sigismund

text: ducat

text: Bihać

text: Knin

text: Nelipić

text: Kurjaković

text: Papal States

text: Roman

text: Crikvenica

text: Ivan V Frankopan

text: Rab

text: Ribnik

text: Ozalj

text: Ladislaus of Naples

text: Garai family

text: Palatine of Hungary

text: Ivaniš Nelipić

text: Ivan Frankopan

text: Pauline Order

text: Republic of Venice

text: Counts of Celje

text: Buda

text: Krk

text: Vinodol

text: Senj

text: Gacka

text: Lika

text: Cetin

text: Slunj

text: Ozalj

text: Bihać

text: Una

text: Knin

text: Vrlika

text: Skradin

text: Zrmanja

text: Krka

text: Rome

text: pope Martin V

text: Slavonia

text: Hermann of Celje

text: Croatian history

text: Islam

text: Frankopan family tree

text: History of Croatia

text: List of rulers of Croatia

categories: Frankopan family,1432 deaths,Croatian Roman Catholics,14th-century Croatian people,15th-century Croatian people,Bans of Croatia

paragraph: Nikola IV Frankopan

paragraph: Nikola IV Frankopan (; c.1360 – 26 June 1432) was a Croatian nobleman and the Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia from 1426 to 1432.

paragraph: He began as a lord of most of northern Croatia as count of Senj and Modruš, and later acquired much of the country through loans to king Sigismund totalling around 46,000 ducats. Thus, Nikola Frankopan came into possession of most of Croatia, including Bihać and Knin, with the rest being in the hands of the Nelipić and Kurjaković noble families.

paragraph: During his visit to the Papal States, he received recognition for being a descendant of the old Roman patrician family Frangipani, after whom he took their name and symbol.

paragraph: Nikola Frankopan is also regarded as the founder of the town of Crikvenica in 1412.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born around 1360 as the only son of Ivan V Frankopan and his wife Ana Gorička. After the death of his father in 1393, he inherited all of his estates and administered them together with his mother. During this time he is mentioned as duke of Krk and Modruš, and was also later confirmed as the duke of Rab. His dominion was further extended with the purchase of Ribnik, near the town of Ozalj, for 9000 ducats, from the nobleman Mikac Prodavić.

paragraph: During the dynastic struggle for the kingship in the region, he was initially supportive of Ladislaus of Naples, but from 1403, he sided with Sigismund. Two years later, he married his first wife Dorothea of the Garai family, who was the daughter of the Palatine of Hungary Nicholas Garay. In 1411, he made a pact with nobleman Ivaniš Nelipić against Ladislaus of Naples. In this pact, he bethrothed his eldest son Ivan Frankopan to Ivaniš's daughter Catherine.

paragraph: In the subsequent year, he initiated the reconstruction of the church of Saint Mary in today's Crikvenica and built a monastery next to it. There he brought the members of the Pauline Order and granted them the monastery in a charter dated August 14, 1412 which is the oldest record of the towns name. The monastery was the center which connected the surrounding villages and from which today's town grew into.

paragraph: His lands and estates were ravaged during the second war between the king and the Republic of Venice which took place between 1418 and 1420. He soon also came into conflict with the Counts of Celje, who took parts of Nikola's lands by claiming dowry. This was eventually settled at the court of king Sigismund in Buda.

paragraph: Altogether, his territories included the Island of Krk, the districts of Vinodol, Modruš, Senj, Gacka and Lika in Croatia. His properties also extended to the towns of Cetin, Slunj and Ozalj in Slavonia, which he bought from king Sigismund for 17,000 ducats in 1397. Upon his appointment as Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia in 1426, king Sigismund pawned him in return for a loan of 28,000 ducats, the town of Bihać on Una river, Knin, Lapacgrad, Vrlika, Ostrovica (near Bribir), Skradin, the county of Luk between Zrmanja and Krka rivers and the district of Poljice.

paragraph: He subsequently confirmed this in 1431, for another loan of 14,000 ducats. These acts brought the majority of the territories of the Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia into Nikola Frankopan's ownership, with the rest being the possession of the Nelipić and Kurjaković noble families.

paragraph: In 1428, he took the surname Frankopan, which is what all his successors henceforth called themselves. Two years later he visited Rome to have pope Martin V confirm him as a legal descendant of the old Roman patrician family Frangipani, who in turn claimed to have descended from the ancient gentis Anici. At this point, Nikola also had his family coat of arms altered for this purpose.

paragraph: In Slavonia the Ban authority belonged to Prince Hermann of Celje (Zell) (1423–1435), Father-in-law of king Sigismund. Hermann was the master of a large part of Slavonia. Because of family quarrels the two powerful clans clashed. Each of them had partisans among the powerful Barons. Thus two factions were formed ready to start a bloody feud. Those who sided with the Princes of Celje (Zell) strove to extend their sway also over Croatia and to annihilate the Frangipani family members as a way to over take their lands, titles and to shift the balance of power towards their favor.

paragraph: The outbreak of civil war was prevented by Sigismund's return from abroad. Peace was further consolidated when Nikola passed away on June 26, 1432. Some rumors were that he was murdered by opposing Barons loyal to Hermann II of Celje.

paragraph: He was survived by nine sons and daughters. The founder of this branch of the Frangipani family supplied great leaders and Generals of Croatian history. Nikola Frankopan was very politically skillful. He arranged special marriages for his children and permanently set his family members in positions to look after the vast number of properties that he acquired. Their political opponents used propaganda to create strife for the family. Some of the accusations included that some family members had converted to Islam.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frankopan family tree

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Croatia

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of rulers of Croatia

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nikola IV Frankopan - member of the noble family from the island of Krk

paragraph: BULLET::::- The tomb of Frankopan in the Church of Trsat

wikidata_label: Nikola Frankopan

wikipedia_title: Nikola IV Frankopan


text:
Celtic
saint
cephalophore
virgin martyr
Brittany
Cornwall
Newlyn East
fig
holy well
martyr
Anglo-Saxon invasion
England
English
Irish
hagiographer
Welsh
Brittany
marry her off
Brittany
Vannes
France
Beignan
behead
behead
patron saint
St Newlyn East
Cornwall
church building
name
feast day
Pre-Schism Western Saint
Eastern Orthodox Church
Saint Winifred
Saint Eluned

categories: Christian female saints of the Middle Ages,6th-century Christian saints,Year of birth unknown,5th-century Christian nuns,Medieval Breton saints,Cephalophores,Year of death missing,5th-century births,6th-century Christian nuns

paragraph: Noyale

paragraph: Saint Noyale (), also known as Noaluen, was a semi-legendary 5th-century Celtic saint, cephalophore, and virgin martyr. She is a popular saint in both Brittany and Cornwall, where she is memorialized at Newlyn East. According to legend, it is there that a fig tree growing from the south wall of the church grew from Noyale's staff. A holy well nearby was the site of her martyrdom. She was one of numerous Celtic settlers who traveled to Brittany during the Anglo-Saxon invasion of England.

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: Noyale is also known as Noyala of Brittany, Noyala the White, Noaluen, Nolwenn, Newlyn, or Newlina.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: According to her legend she was English, and Irish according to the earlier hagiographers. Modern scholarship suspects her likely to have been one of the numerous Welsh settlers who travelled to Brittany.

paragraph: Noaluen was possibly the daughter of an English king. She was educated and pious. She received a strongly Christian education, and became a model of piety distaining the pleasures of the court. When her father wanted to marry her off; she fled to Brittany. She and her nurse sailed to the region around Vannes in France, or Beignan where a local lord also wanted to marry her. She refused him and in a rage he beheaded her. The legend then states that the beheaded saint picked up her head, and led by her maid, returned to England.

paragraph: Section::::Legend.

paragraph: "According to the popular belief in Brittany, unsupported by any evidence, Moyale or Noaluen was a maiden, who floated over to Brittany with her nurse on the leaf of a tree. She was decapitated at Beignan, and walked to Pontivy holding her head in her hands. The chapel dedicated to her at Pontivy was remarkable in the 18th cent. for several interesting paintings on gold grounds representing this fanciful story."

paragraph: Her legend is typical of the 5th-century cephalophore saints. Noaluen was the daughter of an English king. She was educated and pious. When her father wanted to marry her off, she fled to Brittany, where a local lord also wanted to marry her. She refused him and in a rage he beheaded her. The legend then states that the beheaded saint picked up her head, and led by her maid, returned to England.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: She is the patron saint of St Newlyn East in Cornwall, and a church building there bears her name. A feast day is celebrated on 27 April. The saint is also revered as a Pre-Schism Western Saint of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Her feast day is July 6.

paragraph: A small stone image of her carrying her own head was unearthed in the churchyard at Newlyn East.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Winifred

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Eluned

alias:
Saint Noyale
Noaluen

description: Welsh saint

wikidata_label: Noyale

wikipedia_title: Noyale


text:
Hamidoğlu Beylik
Anatolian beylik
Anatolia
Turkey
Seljuks of Anatolia
Turkoman
Uluborlu
Mongols
Antalya
sultan
Timurtash
Eğirdir
Teke Beylik

categories: History of Isparta Province,Anatolian beyliks,Year of birth unknown,14th-century monarchs in Asia,1324 deaths,States and territories established in 1316

paragraph: Dündar of Hamidoğlu

paragraph: Dündar Bey (conventionally called Falakuddin Dündar bin Ilyas bin Hamit) was the founder of Hamidoğlu Beylik, an Anatolian beylik in the 14th century. (Anatolia is the Asiatic part of Turkey). His father was İlyas bey.

paragraph: In the 13th century, Seljuks of Anatolia settled Hamit Bey's Turkoman tribe in the newly conquered territory in south west Anatolia around Uluborlu. But after Seljuks were defeated by the Mongols in 1243, eventually like all other Turkmen tribes Hamit's tribe became semi independent under Mongol suzerainty. Hamit's grandson Dündar conquered Antalya port and appointed his brother Yunus as the governor of the city. Over confident of himself, he declared independence and assumed the title sultan in 1316. However, Timurtash the high commander of Mongols in Anatolia marched to Eğirdir, Dündar's capital and Dündar fled to Antalya. But Mahmut the governor of the city who was Dündar's nephew allied himself with the Mongols and arrested him. He was executed by the Mongols in 1324. Timurtash temporarily annexed the territory around Eğridir but Mahmut kept his possessions. On the other hand, after Timurtash himself took refuge in Egypt, Dündar's sons were able to continue their father's beylik (without the southern lands around Antalya which were issued from the main beylik and called Teke Beylik after 1327).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He had three sons. Hızır Bey, Ishak Bey and Mehmet Bey.

description: Anatolian beylik

wikidata_label: Dündar of Hamidoğlu

wikipedia_title: Dündar of Hamidoğlu


text:
juvenile court
New York City
presiding judge
Pelham, New York
Janet Ralston Chase Hoyt
Salmon Portland Chase
Wappingers Rural Cemetery

paragraph: Franklin Chase Hoyt

paragraph: Franklin Chase Hoyt (September 7, 1876 – November 13, 1937) advocated for the establishment of a juvenile court in New York City. After the establishment, he was the presiding judge of the New York City Children's Court.He wrote the book Quicksands of Youth published by Charles Scribner's Sons in 1921.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Franklin Chase Hoyt was born on September 7, 1876 in Pelham, New York to Janet Ralston Chase Hoyt. His grandfather was Salmon Portland Chase. He married Maud Rives Hoyt (1886–1982) and they had two daughters, Constance M. Hoyt. and Beatrix Hoyt. He retired in 1933. He died on November 13, 1937. He was buried at Wappingers Rural Cemetery.

wikidata_label: Franklin Chase Hoyt

wikipedia_title: Franklin Chase Hoyt


text:
Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt
Moon
Amun
Pharaoh
Ahmose I
Amenhotep I
Karnak
Deir el-Bahari
DB320
Egyptian Museum
Cairo
God's Wife

categories: Ancient Egyptian mummies,Princesses of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt,16th-century BC women,16th-century BC clergy

paragraph: Ahmose-Sitamun

paragraph: Ahmose-Sitamun or Sitamun was a princess of the early Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt.

paragraph: Section::::Etymology.

paragraph: Name of this princess means "Child of the Moon, Daughter of Amun".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sitamun was the daughter of Pharaoh Ahmose I and sister of Amenhotep I. A colossal statue of hers stood before the eighth pylon at Karnak.

paragraph: Her mummy was found in the Deir el-Bahari cache (DB320) and is today in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo.

paragraph: Her titles were: "God's Wife; King's Daughter; King's Sister."

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton: "The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt," Thames & Hudson, 2004, , p. 129

description: Ancient Egyptian princess and queen

wikidata_label: Ahmose-Sitamun

wikipedia_title: Ahmose-Sitamun


text:
courtesy name
chancellor
Emperor Taizong
Tang dynasty
Book of Jin
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Du Ruhui
Sui dynasty
Northern Zhou
Northern Wei
calligraphy
Chang'an
imperial examination
Lüliang
Shanxi
Li Yuan
Emperor Yang
Li Shimin
Yang You
Yangzhou
Jiangsu
Yuwen Huaji
Tang dynasty
Wang Shichong
Luoyang
chancellors
Du Ruhui
Xu Jingzong
Li Jiancheng
Crown Prince
Li Yuanji
Yuchi Gong
Taoist
Xuanwu Gate
Tujue
Jiali Khan
Gao Shilian
Zhangsun Wuji
Hou Junji
Wang Gui
Wei Zheng
Li Chengqian
Empress Zhangsun
Songzhou
Princess Gaoyang
Three Excellencies
Xueyantuo
Zhenzhu Khan
Portraits at Lingyan Pavilion
Li Tai
Xiao Yu
Li Shiji
Li Zhi
Goguryeo
Chu Suiliang
Qinling Mountains
Book of Jin
Jin dynasty
Tongchuan
Shaanxi
Li Ke
Guangdong
Old Book of Tang
New Book of Tang
Zizhi Tongjian

categories: Chancellors under Emperor Taizong of Tang,579 births,Tang dynasty politicians from Shandong,648 deaths,7th-century Chinese historians,Transition from Sui to Tang,Politicians from Zibo,Sui dynasty politicians,Tang dynasty historians,Historians from Shandong,Chancellors under Emperor Gaozu of Tang

paragraph: Fang Xuanling

paragraph: Fang Qiao (579–648), courtesy name Xuanling, better known as Fang Xuanling, posthumously known as Duke Wenzhao of Liang, was a Chinese statesman and writer who served as a chancellor under Emperor Taizong in the early Tang dynasty. He was the lead editor of the historical record "Book of Jin" (covering the history of the Jin dynasty (265–420)) and one of the most celebrated Tang dynasty chancellors. He and his colleague, Du Ruhui, were often described as role models for chancellors in imperial China.

paragraph: Section::::During the Sui dynasty.

paragraph: Fang Xuanling was born in 579, shortly before the founding of the Sui dynasty in 581, during Sui's predecessor state, Northern Zhou. His great-grandfather Fang Yi (房翼) was a general, official, and hereditary count under the Northern Wei dynasty, and his grandfather Fang Xiong (房熊) was also an official. His father Fang Yanqian (房彥謙) was a county magistrate during the Sui dynasty.

paragraph: Fang Xuanling was said to be intelligent and well-learned in his youth, and particularly skillful at calligraphy. It was said that once, when he accompanied his father to the capital Chang'an, the state was peaceful, and the popular sentiment was that Sui would last a long time. However, Fang Xuanling secretly opined to his father:

paragraph: Fang Yanqian was surprised by his son's opinion, which, however, eventually turned out to be prophetic. When he was 17, he was successful at the imperial examination, and he became a military officer. He particularly impressed the deputy minister of civil service, Gao Xiaoji (高孝基). However, it appeared that he did not serve long, as his father became ill, and the illness lasted 10 years, during which Fang Xuanling attended to him earnestly. After his father's death, he fasted for five days. He later became the magistrate of Xicheng County (隰城, in modern Lüliang, Shanxi).

paragraph: In 617, when the general Li Yuan rebelled against the rule of Emperor Wen's son Emperor Yang, one of Li Yuan's major generals was his son Li Shimin. Fang Xuanling went to Li Shimin's camp and offered his services. It was said that as soon as Li Shimin met Fang, they became like old friends, and Li Shimin invited him to serve on staff. Fang served Li Shimin faithfully, and wherever Li Shimin campaigned, while his staff members would collect treasures, Fang spent the time interviewing the people of the area and retained the capable people to add to Li Shimin's staff.

paragraph: In 618, after news arrived at Chang'an (which Li Yuan had taken in winter 617 and where he declared Emperor Yang's grandson Yang You the Prince of Dai emperor (as Emperor Gong)) that Emperor Yang had been killed in a coup at Jiangdu (江都, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), led by the general Yuwen Huaji, Li Yuan had Yang You yield the throne to him, establishing the Tang dynasty as its Emperor Gaozu. He created Li Shimin, the Prince of Qin. Fang continued to serve on Li Shimin's staff.

paragraph: Section::::During Emperor Gaozu's reign.

paragraph: In 621, when Li Shimin defeated Tang's major enemy Wang Shichong the Emperor of Zheng and captured the Zheng capital Luoyang (which had served as Sui's eastern capital), it was said that he sent Fang to the offices of Sui's legislative and examination bureaus of government to try to preserve Sui archives, but Fang's mission turned out to be unsuccessful as the archives had already been destroyed by Wang.

paragraph: Later in 621, when Emperor Gaozu, awarding Li Shimin for his great accomplishments, bestowed on him the unprecedented title of "Grand General of Heavenly Tactics" (天策上將, "Tiance Shangjiang"), Li Shimin built a mansion where he housed those staff members with the best literary talent, supplying them with the best food and supplies and had them conduct research and writing. Fang was part of this establishment, along with, among others, the fellow future chancellors Du Ruhui and Xu Jingzong. When Du was subsequently commissioned as a prefectural secretary general, Fang told Li Shimin that Du was an uncommon talent that he should do everything he could to retain, and Li Shimin thus persuaded Emperor Gaozu to allow Du to remain on his staff. It was said that Fang was capable in planning and strategizing, but not decisive in his decisions, while Du was capable in making quick and correct decisions, and they divided their strategical responsibilities while on Li Shimin's staff in that manner. (This eventually led to the Chinese proverb "Fang plans and Du decides" (房謀杜斷, "Fang mou Du duan"), after they became renowned.)

paragraph: By 626, Li Shimin was locked in an intense rivalry with his older brother, Li Jiancheng the Crown Prince, and Fang and Du often suggested that he act first against Li Jiancheng. As both Li Jiancheng and another brother who supported Li Jiancheng, Li Yuanji the Prince of Qi, feared Fang's and Du's strategic capabilities, they falsely accused both Fang and Du and had them demoted out of Li Shimin's staff. In summer 626, when Li Shimin decided to act against Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji, however, he summoned Fang and Du to his mansion. Fang and Du, initially fearing Emperor Gaozu's orders forbidding them to serve Li Shimin, declined. In anger, Li Shimin sent the general Yuchi Gong to summon Fang and Du, with directions if they declined again, to kill them. Yuchi, however, was able to persuade them that Li Shimin was in fact intending on acting against Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji, and so Fang and Du put on disguises as Taoist monks and were able to get to Li Shimin's mansions, where they assisted Li Shimin in planning the ambush against Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji. Li Shimin subsequently ambushed his brothers as Xuanwu Gate and killed them, and then effectively forced Emperor Gaozu to create him crown prince. Once he was created crown prince, Fang and Du were restored to honored positions on his staff, and soon, Fang was made the "Zhongshu Ling" (中書令) — the head of the legislative bureau and a post considered one for a chancellor. Two months later, Emperor Gaozu yielded the throne to Li Shimin (as Emperor Taizong).

paragraph: Section::::During Emperor Taizong's reign.

paragraph: Later in 626, when Eastern Tujue's Jiali Khan Ashina Duobi launched a major incursion into Tang territory, reaching all the way to Chang'an, Fang Xuanling, along with Gao Shilian, attended to Emperor Taizong as he personally met Ashina Duobi to promise additional tributes, to induce Ashina Duobi to withdraw.

paragraph: Later in 626, when Emperor Taizong personally ranked the contributions of the generals and officials in order to grant them fiefs, Emperor Taizong ranked five of them — Fang, Zhangsun Wuji, Du Ruhui, Yuchi Gong, and Hou Junji to be contributors of the highest grade, and Fang was created the Duke of Han. When Emperor Gaozu's cousin Li Shentong (李神通) the Prince of Huai'an, himself a key general, objected to being ranked below Fang and Du, stating that Fang and Du, in particular, were only bureaucrats, Emperor Taizong pointed out that it was with their strategies that he was able to become emperor, Li Shentong relented, which led to the other objectors to also cease their objections. Later in 627, under Emperor Taizong's direction, Fang carried out a major simplification of the central government, reducing the number of officials at the central government to 634.

paragraph: In 629, Fang, along with Du, became "Puye" (僕射), the head of the important executive bureau of the government (尚書省, "Shangshu Sheng"). It was said that at this time that the Fang and Du became known as the model for chancellors. It was also said that Fang, even though he had reached the pinnacle of officials' careers, was still very humble before the emperor, and whenever he received a rebuke, he would act as if a disaster was coming. He also became responsible for organizing the imperial archives and the writing of official histories. Later that year, the assistant imperial censor Quan Wanji (權萬紀) accused Fang and Wang Gui of being partial in their selections of officials, and Emperor Taizong initially ordered Hou to investigate. However, with the urging of another chancellor, Wei Zheng, who pointed out that Fang and Wang were trusted officials given important responsibilities, and it was inappropriate to pick on details of what they did, Emperor Taizong stopped the investigation.

paragraph: In 630, when Emperor Taizong began to have his crown prince Li Chengqian formally rule on a number of matters of state, he commissioned Fang and Li Gang (李綱) to sit with the Crown Prince and assist him in making the decisions. Also in 630, his title was changed to Duke of Wei.

paragraph: In 636, for reasons unknown, Fang was briefly removed from his post and returned to his mansion. When Emperor Taizong's wife Empress Zhangsun (Zhangsun Wuji's sister) died later that year, she, in her final words, pointed out to Emperor Taiizong that Fang had faithfully served him throughout his career and should not be removed. After her death, Emperor Taizong restored Fang to his post.

paragraph: In 637, as part of Emperor Taizong's scheme to bestow prefectures on his relatives and great generals and officials as their permanent domains, Fang's title was changed to Duke of Liang, and he was given the post of prefect of Songzhou, to be inherited by his heirs, although he did not actually report to Songzhou but remained at Chang'an as chancellor. Soon, however, with many objections to the system, the strongest of which came from Zhangsun Wuji, Emperor Taizong cancelled the scheme, although Fang's title remained Duke of Liang.

paragraph: Also in 637, a major revision of the laws, led by Fang, was completed, and the penal laws were said to be far more lenient than the Sui penal code, on which Fang's revision was based, with 500 statutory sections and 20 grades of penalty. Also that year, the code of rites, authored by him and Wei Zheng, was also completed.

paragraph: In 638, Emperor Taizong, celebrating the birth of a grandson, held a feast for imperial officials, at which he made the comment:

paragraph: He then awarded both Fang and Wei an imperial sword.

paragraph: In 639, Emperor Taizong made Fang a senior advisor to Li Chengqian, ordering him to bow to Fang as he would to Emperor Taizong. However, Fang was humble and never gave the Crown Prince any opportunity to bow to him, an act of humility which was praised. By this point, Fang's children were also highly honored, and his second son Fang Yi'ai (房遺愛) married Emperor Taizong's daughter Princess Gaoyang, while his daughter married Emperor Taizong's brother Li Yuanjia (李元嘉) the Prince of Han.

paragraph: In 641, Fang and Gao Shilian drew rebuke from Emperor Taizong when they inquired the deputy imperial architect, Dou Desu (竇德素) of imperial construction projects — which Emperor Taizong saw as an encroachment on his liberty. However, Wei pointed out that chancellors were supposed to be responsible for all affairs of state, and Emperor Taizong, realizing that he had erred, was humbled.

paragraph: in 642, Fang was awarded the additional highly honorable title "Sikong" (司空) — one of the Three Excellencies. Later that year, when Emperor Taizong was debating whether warring with Xueyantuo or making peace by marrying his daughter Princess Xinxing to Xueyantuo's Zhenzhu Khan Yi'nan, Fang was a proponent of peace, and Emperor Taizong agreed, although Emperor Taizong later changed his mind and broke the marriage treaty.

paragraph: In 643, when Emperor Taizong commissioned the Portraits at Lingyan Pavilion to commemorate the 24 great contributors to Tang rule, Fang's was one of the portraits commissioned.

paragraph: Later in 643, when Li Chengqian, fearing that Emperor Taizong would depose him in favor of his more favored brother Li Tai the Prince of Wei, was revealed to have plotted with Hou Junji to overthrow Emperor Taizong, Emperor Taizong had Zhangsun, Fang, Xiao Yu, Li Shiji, along with the responsible officials at the legislative and examination bureaus and the supreme court, investigate the matter. They confirmed Li Chengqian's guilt, and Li Chengqian was subsequently deposed, although Emperor Taizong, believing that Li Tai's machinations were responsible for Li Chengqian's downfall, exiled Li Tai as well and created another son, Li Zhi, crown prince. He subsequently made Zhangsun, Fang, and Xiao Li Zhi's senior advisors.

paragraph: Later that year, Emperor Taizong requested to read the official history that Fang had written about during his reign, and Fang initially resisted, stating that it would set a bad precedent (as previously, it was considered inappropriate for emperors to read histories of their own reign, lest that historians be hindered from recording incidents accurately). Emperor Taizong disagreed, and Fang thus submitted what he and his staff had written. Emperor Taizong noticed that Fang had avoided some of the more sensitive parts of the Incident at Xuanwu Gate, and he ordered Fang to write a more complete and less censored version.

paragraph: In 645, when Emperor Taizong personally led a campaign against Goguryeo, Fang was put in charge of the capital. It was said that there was an incident where a man approached Fang and stated, "I am here to report that you are committing treason." Fang bound him and delivered him to Emperor Taizong. When the man arrived at Emperor Taizong's camp and accused Fang of treason, Emperor Taizong immediately executed the man and sent an edict to Fang, rebuking him for lack of confidence in himself, stating, "If something like this happens again, you should carry out the decisive act yourself."

paragraph: In or around 646, Fang was again, for reasons unknown in history but described to be minor reasons, removed from his post and returned to his mansion. After Chu Suiliang submitted a petition stating that Fang's faithfulness should not be forgotten, Emperor Taizong visited Fang's mansion – a visit that Fang anticipated and had cleaned his house for – and he had Fang accompany him on the imperial wagon back to palace. Fang was said to be so influential in Emperor Taizong's decision-making by this stage that an amusing incident occurred in 647, involving the official Li Wei (李緯). Emperor Taizong, then at his summer palace Cuiwei Palace (翠微宮, in the Qinling Mountains), leaving Fang again in charge of Chang'an, had commissioned Li Wei as the minister of finances. When a messenger arrived from Chang'an, Emperor Taizong asked the messenger what Fang had said about Li Wei, and the messenger responded, "When Fang Xuanling heard that Li Wei was made a minister, all he stated was, 'Li Wei has a handsome beard.'" Emperor Taizong, realizing that Fang was making a veiled comment that Li was not a proper minister, demoted Li Wei to the post of prefect of Luo Prefecture (洛州, roughly Luoyang).

paragraph: In 648, the "Book of Jin", the official history of Jin dynasty, with Fang as its lead editor, was completed. Also in 648, when Emperor Taizong was at another summer palace, Yuhua Palace (玉華宮, in modern Tongchuan, Shaanxi), he again left Fang in charge of Chang'an, when Fang grew ill. Emperor Taizong summoned him to Yuhua Palace and had the imperial servants attend to him. For a while, Fang got better, and then grew worse. In his illness, Fang believed that the only danger that the empire faced at that point was Emperor Taizong's anger at Goguryeo, and therefore wrote an earnest petition urging the cessation of campaigns against Goguryeo. When Emperor Taizong saw the petition, he stated to Princess Gaoyang, "He is this ill, and yet he still worries so much about my empire." He personally visited Fang to bid farewell, and in fall 649, Fang died at Yuhua Palace and was buried near Empress Zhangsun's tomb (where Emperor Taizong would eventually himself be buried as well).

paragraph: The Tang dynasty historian Liu Fang (柳芳) made these comments about Fang and Du Ruhui:

paragraph: However, the honors the Fang clan received would not last long after Fang Xuanling's death. Emperor Taizong himself died in 649 and was succeeded by Li Zhi (as Emperor Gaozong). In 653, Fang Yi'ai and Princess Gaoyang were accused of plotting, along with the general Xue Wanche (薛萬徹), Emperor Gaozong's uncle Li Yuanjing (李元景) the Prince of Jing, Li Ke the Prince of Wu, and another brother-in-law of Emperor Gaozong, Chai Lingwu (柴令武), to overthrow Emperor Gaozong and making Li Yuanjing emperor. Fang Yi'ai was executed, and his older brother Fang Yizhi (房遺直) was demoted to be a county sheriff in modern Guangdong. Fang Xuanling, whom Emperor Gaozong had ordered to be worshipped at the imperial shrine with Emperor Taizong, was removed from the imperial shrine.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Old Book of Tang", vol. 66.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New Book of Tang", vol. 96.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zizhi Tongjian", vols. , , , , , , , , , , , .

alias:
Qiaosong
Fang Xuanling

description: Chinese politician

wikidata_label: Fang Xuanling

wikipedia_title: Fang Xuanling


text: American

text: Universal Music Group

text: pop

text: electronica

text: Mack Avenue Records

text: Sony Music Entertainment

text: Rendezvous Entertainment

text: Grammy

text: RIAA Gold

text: Dave Koz

text: Frank Cody

text: P-Vine Records/Blues Interactions

text: Vox Populi

text: Seal

text: Fall Out Boy

text: Portishead

text: McCoy Tyner

text: Counting Crows

text: Aerosmith

text: Ozzy Osbourne

text: Suzanne Vega

text: Jesse Harris

text: Tom Waits

text: Aimee Mann

text: Jonatha Brooke

text: Pete Carpenter

text: film composer

text: Grammy

text: Emmy

text: Mike Post

text: Atli Orvarsson

text: Los Angeles

text: Grammy

text: Meshell Ndegeocello

text: Mark Kelley

text: Claudia Acuna

text: Kenny Garrett

text: Pushing the World Away

text: Seeds from the Underground

text: Eurovision Music Awards

text: Demir Demirkan

text: Symphony

text: Grammy

text: Kenny Garrett

text: Meshell Ndegeocello

text: Lenny White

text: Manuel Seal

text: Demir Demirkan

text: Claudia Acuna

text: Raul Midon

text: Adam Levy

text: Sergio Galoyan

text: Ilya Lagutenko

text: The Recording Academy

text: Grammy Award

text: Yamaha

text: Berklee College of Music

text: Gnessin Russian Academy of Music

text: Green Card

text: United States citizen

text: New York City

text: Official MySpace

text: Official Website

text: Svoy on VH1

text: Svoy on MTV

text: Svoy on MTVU

text: Svoy on AOL Music

text: Svoy on Artist Direct

text: Svoy Gajoob Magazine Interview

categories: 1980 births,Russian pop singers,Russian pop musicians,People from Vladivostok,Russian electronic musicians,Living people

paragraph: Svoy

paragraph: Mikhail Tarasov (), better known by his stage name Svoy (which can be loosely translated as "self-contained"), is an American producer/writer/artist for Universal Music Group in the genre of pop/electronica. He has ten self-produced albums released via Mack Avenue Records/Sony Music Entertainment formerly known as Rendezvous Entertainment belonging to multi Grammy-nominated RIAA Gold-certified musician/media mogul Dave Koz and legendary radio chief executive/record producer Frank Cody, P-Vine Records/Blues Interactions, Thistime Records and Songs of Universal/Universal Music Group, Inc., respectively.

paragraph: In 2011, "Automatons" and its title track were nominated for Best Dance/Electronica Album and Best Dance/Electronica Song at The 10th Independent Music Awards, and won in the latter category. He won the 10th IMA's Vox Populi in both categories. 10th Independent Music Awards judging panel included Seal, Fall Out Boy, Portishead, McCoy Tyner, Counting Crows, Aerosmith, Ozzy Osbourne, Suzanne Vega, Jesse Harris, Tom Waits, Aimee Mann, Jonatha Brooke among other artists and music industry professionals.

paragraph: In 2002, he won BMI Pete Carpenter Fellowship for film composers, that led to studying with multi Grammy and Emmy-winning composer Mike Post and Atli Orvarsson for one month at Post's studio in Los Angeles.

paragraph: In late 2012, Svoy collaborated on an electronic production/arrangement of a song with multi Grammy-nominated singer/songwriter Meshell Ndegeocello and Grammy-nominated The Roots' bassist Mark Kelley for an upcoming album of jazz artist Claudia Acuna. In 2013, Svoy co-wrote a string arrangement with Kenny Garrett for his Grammy-nominated 2013 album "Pushing the World Away" and made a vocalist appearance on Garrett's 2012 multi Grammy-nominated album "Seeds from the Underground". In 2016, Svoy collaborated with Garrett on an electronic jazz album and the record is awaiting release. Song "I'm Breaking", written by Eurovision Music Awards-winning songwriter Demir Demirkan and Svoy, was released as part of Demirkan's 2019 album "Elysium on Ashes".

paragraph: In 2015, aside from continuing to release regular studio albums, Svoy began work on ongoing experimental vocal electronic Symphony series and by 2019 has released five such pieces containing ten movements each.

paragraph: Over the course of his career, Svoy has collaborated with Grammy-winning artist Kenny Garrett, multi Grammy-nominated artist Meshell Ndegeocello, multi Grammy-winning artist Lenny White, Grammy-winning artist Manuel Seal, Demir Demirkan, Claudia Acuna, Raul Midon, Adam Levy, Sergio Galoyan and Ilya Lagutenko, among other artists. Svoy is a voting member for The Recording Academy (responsible for the Grammy Awards), a Yamaha Digital Artist, a Berklee College of Music and Gnessin Russian Academy of Music scholarship recipient/graduate.

paragraph: In 2009, Svoy was granted a Green Card in the United States as an Alien of Extraordinary Ability and became a naturalized United States citizen in 2017. Svoy resides in New York City.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official MySpace

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Svoy on VH1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Svoy on MTV

paragraph: BULLET::::- Svoy on MTVU

paragraph: BULLET::::- Svoy on AOL Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- Svoy on Artist Direct

paragraph: BULLET::::- Svoy Gajoob Magazine Interview

paragraph: BULLET::::- Svoy Interview on IndependentMusicAwards.com

description: Russian singer

wikidata_label: Svoy

wikipedia_title: Svoy


text:
Bishop of Trier
martyr
Pre-congregational saint
bishop
Roman Empire
Frankish
Trier
saint
Trier
feast day

categories: 3rd-century Christian martyrs,Saints of Germania,Year of birth unknown,235 deaths,Gallo-Roman saints

paragraph: Andrew of Trier

paragraph: Andrew of Trier is listed as the twelfth Bishop of Trier. He is sometimes listed as a martyr and is considered a Pre-congregational saint.

paragraph: Very little is known of his life but he is one of a number of bishops in that time.

paragraph: The rapid succession of Bishop names in the 5th century indicates the troubled times in the period of transition from the Roman Empire to Frankish rule in Trier. Trier itself was taken in 496 by the Frankish.

paragraph: He is considered a saint and is venerated in Trier with a feast day on 13 January.

description: Roman Catholic Saint

wikidata_label: Andrew of Trier

wikipedia_title: Andrew of Trier


href: martyrdom Decius martyred Alexandria

text:
martyrdom
Emperor Trajanus Decius
martyred
Alexandria

categories: 249 deaths,3rd-century Christian martyrs,Saints from Roman Egypt,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Cointha

paragraph: Cointha, also known as Quinta or "Cynthia", suffered martyrdom during the persecutions of Emperor Trajanus Decius. Cointha was martyred by having her feet tied to a horse then being dragged through the streets of Alexandria.

description: Christian martyr

wikidata_label: Cointha

wikipedia_title: Cointha


text: Zerbst/Germany

text: Würzburg/Germany

text: German

text: percussionist

text: composer

text: timpani

text: percussion

text: Alfred Wagner

text: Weimar

text: composition

text: Helmut Riethmüller

text: Weimar

text: Magdeburg

text: Lübeck

text: Hannover

text: Hochschule für Musik Würzburg

text: Bundesverdienstkreuz

text: Sofia

text: Barcelona

text: Percussive Arts Society

text: chamber music

text: ballet music

categories: 2006 deaths,1928 births,20th-century German musicians,German percussionists,Timpanists,Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany,German composers

paragraph: Siegfried Fink

paragraph: Siegfried Fink (born February 8, 1928 in Zerbst/Germany, died May 3, 2006 in Würzburg/Germany) was a German percussionist, composer and professor. He is recognized as an important figure in the development of the professional percussion scene in Germany after World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: From 1948 to 1951, Fink studied timpanis and percussion in the class of Alfred Wagner at the University of Music in Weimar (Germany). He also studied composition in the class of Helmut Riethmüller at the same institution. After several orchestral and teaching positions in Weimar, Magdeburg, Lübeck and Hannover, he attained a permanent teaching position for timpanis and percussion at the Hochschule für Musik Würzburg. In the year 1974, he was promoted to a full professor and became head of the renowned "Studio für Perkussion" in Würzburg. He held this position until his retirement in the year 1993.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Under the guidance of Fink, the "Studio für Perkussion" in Würzburg became one of the world's most renowned schools for percussion. He educated more than 100 students and developed new teaching methods and new ways of playing percussion instruments, especially concerning contemporary art music. In the professional German percussion scene, Fink was known as "Der Percussion-Papst" ("The pope of percussion").

paragraph: For his achievements in art music and teaching, he has been awarded the Bundesverdienstkreuz (Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany), received several art prizes and was honoured with doctorates of the Universities for Music of Sofia and Barcelona. For his life work in teaching he received the "Lifetime Achievement in Education Award" from the Percussive Arts Society of the US.

paragraph: His artistic and creative work is documented in more than 20 disc recordings (mostly LP). Fink also conducted several percussion groups. He founded numerous percussion editions in cooperation with several European publishers. Under his guidance the first curriculum for teaching percussion instruments in German music schools has been developed.

paragraph: Fink composed more than 160 pieces of music intended both for study and performance purposes. His music comprises solo works as well as chamber music, ballet music and movie scores.

paragraph: Many of his students received prizes at international competitions and became internationally known percussionists.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary by "Percussion Creativ" (German)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary focused on Finks work with plucked string orchestras

description: German musician

wikidata_label: Siegfried Fink

wikipedia_title: Siegfried Fink


text:
Bishop of Milan
Saint
Catholic Church
Mirocles
Vitalis of Milan
Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio
Arnulf II
translated
Charles Borromeo
Cathedral of Milan
Corbetta

categories: Archbishops of Milan,4th-century Christian saints,Italian saints

paragraph: Monas (bishop of Milan)

paragraph: Monas () was Bishop of Milan from the end 3rd-century to early 4th-century. He is honoured as a Saint in the Catholic Church and his feast day is on October 12.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Almost nothing is known about the life and the episcopate of Monas. He was elected as bishop of Milan in some year at the end of the 3rd-century (tentatively on 283), and his episcopate lasted till some year before the 313, when surely the bishop of Milan was already Mirocles.

paragraph: Monas died on the 25 March (the year had not been recorded) and his corpse was buried near the church of Saint Vitalis of Milan ("Basilica Fausta"), that was placed in the area where now stand the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio. Under the episcopate of Arnulf II (998-1018), on a 12 October, his relic were discovered and translated into the church of Saint Vitale near the Basilica Naboriana (now demolished). On 6 February 1576 his relics were translated by Saint Charles Borromeo to the Cathedral of Milan where are today.

paragraph: A late tradition, with no historical basis, associates Monas with the Milan's noble family of the Borri. To Monas is attributed the foundation of the parish church of Corbetta. Monas is also venerated in a chapel, renovated in the 17th century by the Borri family, in the "Santuario della Beata Vergine dei Miracoli" of Corbetta.

description: Bishop of Milan

wikidata_label: Monas

wikipedia_title: Monas (bishop of Milan)


text:
Lincoln's Inn Fields
James Wilson
Hunterian School of Medicine
Great Windmill Street
Westminster School
Christ Church, Oxford
Edinburgh University
College of Physicians
Lumleian Lectures
Harveian Oration

categories: People from London,1882 deaths,People educated at Westminster School, London,19th-century English medical doctors,1795 births,Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford

paragraph: James Arthur Wilson

paragraph: Dr James Arthur Wilson FRCP (1795 – 29 December 1882) was a British physician.

paragraph: He was born in Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, the son of James Wilson, the surgeon and teacher of anatomy at the Hunterian School of Medicine in Great Windmill Street, London. He was educated at Westminster School from 1808, and entered Christ Church, Oxford on 9 May 1812, from where he graduated B.A. in 1815. He left Oxford temporarily and entered his father's school in Great Windmill Street and Edinburgh University in the winter of 1817. He was awarded M.A. at Oxford in 1818, M.B. in 1819, and M.D. in 1823. He was elected a Radcliffe travelling fellow in June 1821 and spent the next five years on the continent in compliance with the requirements of the fellowship.

paragraph: He was admitted a fellow of the College of Physicians in 1825, and was censor in 1828 and 1851. He delivered the Materia Medica Lectures at the college from 1829 to 1832, the Lumleian Lectures in 1847 and 1848 ‘on Pain,’ and the Harveian Oration in 1850. He was elected physician to St. George's Hospital on 29 May 1829, and held the office until 1857, when he was appointed consulting physician.

paragraph: Wilson died in Holmwood, Surrey, in 1882.

paragraph: Section::::Published works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On Spasm, Languor, Palsy, and other disorders termed Nervous, of the Muscular System". 8vo. Lond. 1843.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oratio Harveiana in Ædibus Collegii Medicorum habita die Junii xxix, mdcccl". 8vo. Lond. 1850.

description: English physician

wikidata_label: James Arthur Wilson

wikipedia_title: James Arthur Wilson


text:
Colorado Springs, Colorado
cellist
Günther Johannes Paetsch
Evanston, Illinois
Harry McClure Johnson
Helena Modjeska Chase
Steamboat Springs, Colorado
The Putney School
Bennington College
University of Wyoming
Bachelor of Arts
Master of Arts
Aspen Institute
Colorado
Detmold Musikhochschule
Germany
Szymon Goldberg
Yale University
Curtis Institute of Music
Claus Adam
Tibor Varga
David Oistrakh
University of Wyoming
Colorado College
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Colorado Springs
Vermont
scholarship
Europe
cowboy hat
Levi's
slicker
bedroll
Gibraltar
Spain
Italy
nudist beach
Palermo
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Absam
Jacob Stainer
Tübingen
half-timbered
weeping willow
Neckar
trumpet
Green room
Klotz
revolt
Moscow
Russia
Maurice Maréchal
France
David Oistrakh
Norway
Finland
Sami people
Nordkapp
Norway
Norwegian mile
Iron Curtain
Arabian horse
America
Günther Johannes Paetsch
Continental divide
Rockies
Michaela Modjeska Paetsch
Johann Sebastian Paetsch
Michaela
Colorado Springs Philharmonic
Johann
Arvada, Colorado
Eugene Fodor
Arabian Horse Registry of American
bred
Arabian horse
shoes
Rocky Mountain National Park

categories: Musicians from Illinois,People from Steamboat Springs, Colorado,Women violinists,1931 births,21st-century women musicians,American violinists,21st-century American composers,Musicians from Colorado,Horse trainers,Composers for violin,Living people

paragraph: Priscilla Paetsch

paragraph: Priscilla McClure Paetsch (née Johnson), (November 18, 1931 – July 19, 2017), was an American violinist, composer, artist, sculptor, horse trainer, and co-founder of the Paetsch Family Chamber Music Ensemble in Colorado Springs, Colorado. She was the wife of cellist Günther Johannes Paetsch and the mother to their seven children.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Priscilla McClure Johnson was born in Evanston, Illinois, United States, on 18 November 1931, her parents were Harry McClure Johnson (1886–1932) a prominent Chicago Attorney and Helena Modjeska Chase (1900–1986) an artist. She was the fifth child of Harry Johnson who died on 29 March 1932 (from a sudden attack of influenza which developed into pneumonia) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada where he was visiting his mother. He died when she was only 4 months old. Although she was reared all over the country, she considers Steamboat Springs, Colorado the closest thing to a hometown because she spent her summers there on her mothers horse ranch called the "Pine Springs Ranch". She is the youngest sister of Mansi McClure Johnson (1924-2013), Harry McClure Johnson (1925-2007), Elizabeth McIlvaine Johnson (1926-2017), and Sarah Jane McClure Johnson (1929-2013).

paragraph: At the age of 15 (1946) she wrote and illustrated (with beautiful drawings of horses) the children's book "How the Eggplant Came to Be" that was published by the Adventure Trails Publication and were written at her mother's 'Pine Springs Ranch' in Steamboat Springs, CO.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: From 1946 until 1950, Priscilla McClure Johnson was educated at The Putney School in Vermont, which had an excellent Music Department, majoring in violin, chamber music, and orchestral playing. She continued her education at Bennington College in Vermont from 1950 – 1952 majoring in violin performance. At the University of Wyoming, she received a Bachelor of Arts degree (BA) with major in Violin, and in 1956 a Master of Arts degree (MA) with major in Music Composition, with highest donors. She wrote her Thesis about "An Analysis of Strawinsky's Symphony in Three Movements" on 24 April 1956 and her Thesis about "Some Aspects of Bach's Technique in the Solo Violin Sonatas and Suites" on 1 May 1956. She also studied at the Aspen Institute of Music in Colorado from 1954 – 1955 and at the Detmold Musikhochschule in Germany in 1957.

paragraph: She studied with Madame Eckstein, Frederic Balazs (1st violinist of the Maverick String Quartet of Woodstock, NY; conductor of the Tucson Sym. Orch), Fritz Rikko (Faculty of Putney School and Juilliard; cond. violinist, violist), Gideon Grau (Putney faculty), Orreo Pernel (Bennington Faculty; Primier Prix in Paris Conservatoire), Szymon Goldberg (Solo violinist in Europe and America, faculty of Aspen Institute of Music, who she later sent her daughter, Michaela to study with at Yale University and Curtis Institute of Music), Claus Adam (cellist of the Juilliard String Quartet, who taught chamber music), George Finkle (cellist at the Maverick Theater in Woodstock, NY who taught cello and chamber music at Hickory Ridge School and Putney School and Bennington College), Tibor Varga, and David Oistrakh.

paragraph: From 1954 - 1955 she was professor of violin, viola and chamber music at the University of Wyoming. From 1955 - 1956 she instructed violin, viola and chamber music at Colorado College (Colorado Springs, Colorado). She was Music Director of World Tour as a violinist and composer from 1956 - 1957 through the Putney Graduate School of Teacher Education.

paragraph: Section::::World Tour.

paragraph: In the winter of 1956 Priscilla's mother, who had put all of her 5 children through college decided to do something for herself: Take a tour of Europe. Priscilla, an expert horse trainer, worked all summer to get enough money to help her mother to go. Priscilla drove her mother from Colorado Springs to Vermont where graduate students from the Putney Graduate School of Teacher Education where getting ready for the tour. She was invited to go with them with scholarship on a ship to Europe. She was dressed in her cowboy shirt and cowboy hat and Levi's and leather tasseled jacket and boots. She had her fiddle and guitar and some of her scores ... and ... one skirt, in case she was invited to dinner or something. That is how she headed out for Europe. She just had her slicker and bedroll.

paragraph: Through Gibraltar and Spain and Italy it was found out that she was the only one able to drive the truck at their disposal that had a 27 foot covered bed and a complicated gearing system. Their guide unfortunately abandoned everyone on the tour during Christmas with all their money - they eventually found him enjoying the nudist beaches in Palermo, Italy and got what money was left, back form him. She now had $500 and time on her hands she headed for Garmisch-Partenkirchen to visit a friend and the village of Absam where Jacob Stainer had lived and had built his superb violins some 300 years before. During this time she learned how to speak a number of languages, including Spanish and Italian, and almost fluent in German.

paragraph: Section::::Günther.

paragraph: On February 21, 1957, the 26 year old American violinist Priscilla McClure Johnson found the fairy-tale village of Tübingen, Germany with cobblestone streets, half-timbered houses, huge weeping willow branches overhanging the Neckar river, a beautifully restored medieval center and an that dominates the hillside. As she walked the streets she heard a trumpet practicing as if there was a concert that night. She knocked on the door and asked someone nearby (a young man named Dietrich) if there was a concert that evening. She was told that there was and he happened to have an extra ticket to it and offered it to her. After she had checked into the youth hostel and tidied up the best she could she met Dietrich and went to where the concert was to take place and proceeded to hang up her coat in the Green room. She noticed an old Klotz violin lying on a piano. She admired it, the owner said to try it so she looked for a quiet corner. She saw a man playing a cello facing the corner playing one part of a two-part piece. So she went behind and played the other part and they played to the end. When they finished he looked around and Priscilla saw for the first time the face of the young handsome 28 year old Günther Johannes Paetsch, the man from Germany who was to become her husband.

paragraph: During the performance Priscilla sat in the audience between Dietrich, who happened to be Günther's best friend and a girl named Isolde, who was Günther's pianist and rather attached to the cellist. Priscilla was unaware of this and had eyes only for the handsome cellist with the eyes like stars. His playing was with flair and a tone with such musicality. she had never heard anything quite like it. Gunther spoke no English and Priscilla had only college German so the next day they played piano trios with Isolde for the entire day going through most of the literature just for the pleasure of it. They had fallen in love.

paragraph: The next two years or so Priscilla did not return to United States immediately but traveled and met new people and learned new languages and when she ran out of money she would play concerts. But she always returned every half year to visit with Günther in Stuttgart (he had finished his studies and had by now been admitted into the bar). It was at this time that she walked to Iraq, learned Arabic and was caught up in the revolt there escaping unharmed.

paragraph: In 1957 Priscilla McClure Johnson was invited to be a member of the international jury representing the United States in the International Stringed Instrument Competition held in Moscow, Russia. Maurice Maréchal represented France, Priscilla M. Johnson represented the United States, and representing Russia and the president of the jury was David Oistrakh.

paragraph: Later she found herself in Norway and Finland, playing concert for the Sami people and walking up to Nordkapp, Norway in the dead of winter and nearly froze to death in the silent mountain passes where no vehicle could go. She had asked how far it is to Nordkapp and they told her it was about 4 miles, unaware that a Norwegian mile is about ten English miles.

paragraph: For two and a half years between 1956–59 she went on a World Study Trip, sponsored by the Putney Graduate School of Teacher Education, traveling over all of Europe, on both sides of the Iron Curtain, to Africa and the Middle East, to study the Music and the Educational Systems in 30 different countries, visiting numerous Music Schools and Conservatories, and seeking knowledge of the Compositions of Contemporary Composers.

paragraph: Priscilla insisted that if they were to be married he must at least see the country and the life style from which she grew up (she also trained Polish-bred registered Arabian horses in Colorado). He agreed to come to America if she married him. Even though he couldn't speak a word of english he set out for the United States and found an openness and freedom that he had not known and stayed. She brought him out to her mothers 'Pine Springs Ranch' in Steamboat Springs, Colorado in June 1959.

paragraph: Section::::Children.

paragraph: Priscilla McClure Johnson married Günther Johannes Paetsch in Colorado Springs, CO on 24 May 1959 at the house of her mother. After their wedding, they went on a two-month honeymoon on the top the Continental divide the Colorado Rockies on three of her horses. One horse carried a pack of things they would need for the next 2 months.

paragraph: When Priscilla Paetsch was younger she wasn't really interested in children but that changed when she met Günther. When Priscilla was six she heard the Bach Brandenburg Concerto No. 3 for the first time and there and then made up her mind to become violinist so she could play that great work. This work actually requires nine individual players and it just happened that she met a cellist and they had seven children and they did play this work.

paragraph: Priscilla Paetsch had seven children in eleven years (1960-1971). Her first child, Phebe Verena Paetsch was born in 1960 in Denver, CO. Michaela Modjeska Paetsch was born in 1961 in Colorado Springs, as was Brigitte McClure Paetsch in 1963, Johann Sebastian Paetsch in 1964, Christian Friedeman Paetsch in 1966, Engelbert Raphael Paetsch in 1968, and Siegmund Amedeus Paetsch in 1971. Not only were Priscilla and Gunther professional musicians, but their 7 children (3 daughters and 4 sons) all learned to play string instruments as well. They would eventually form their own nine-piece group: The Paetsch Family Chamber Music Ensemble. Five of the siblings are now professional musicians. Michaela, the second oldest, broke new ground by joining the Colorado Springs Symphony (now called the Colorado Springs Philharmonic) at the age of 13, making her the youngest member ever. At one time, there were five Paetsch family members playing along side each other in the orchestra. Priscilla and her second oldest, Michaela, shared a music stand. Johann, the fourth oldest and oldest son, joined the Colorado Springs Symphony when he was 13 as the youngest cellist ever. Brigitte, the third child, also joined soon after to play in the violin section. Later Christian was to join.

paragraph: Starting in 1967 Priscilla was professor of violin and viola and chamber music at the Cosmic Heights School of Music in Colorado Springs. She wrote; "During all these years from 1960 on, I also was the mother of seven children, born between concerts - I never missed a concert - who all became musicians, some of them world-class concert artists and soloists under my training."

paragraph: When children, who look like angels also perform like angels, who possess all the skill necessary to tackle the heroic, Herculean, Brahms Sextet — when cascading technical passages are performed with effortless execution, and are matched by a lush tone and perfect intonation that make a syncopation, excitement, breath and brilliance, then we have a true greatness in our midst.

paragraph: Priscilla is qualified to teach Violin, String Classes, Chamber Music, Conduct, and instruct Composition and Theory Classes. From 1960 – 1961 she was music director of the Arvada Symphony (CO) and stringed instrument teacher in R-1 School District in Arvada, Colorado. Later she taught violin and chamber music at the Pine Spring Ranch School of Music, where she was coach and violinist in the Paetsch - Fodor Chamber Music Ensemble in Steamboat Springs, CO. Extremely gifted young musicians such as John Fodor and his brother Eugene Fodor, outstanding in their ability and accomplishment, studied during the summers at the Paetsch Music camp at "Pines Spring Ranch" in Steamboat Springs, CO where they had private instruction and study as a string ensemble and learn music theory from Mr. and Mrs. Paetsch.

paragraph: Section::::Compositions.

paragraph: Priscilla Paetsch was first violinist with the Colorado Springs Symphony and a recognized composer. Her compositions have been performed not only in Colorado Springs, but in the Eastern United States, Europe and Russia where her symphony was acclaimed when she appeared there representing the U.S. as judge of the International Stringed Instrument Competitions

paragraph: Priscilla's compositions include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony No. 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- String Quartets

paragraph: BULLET::::- String Trio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonata for Violin and Piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rondo for Violin and Piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caprice for Solo Violin

paragraph: In 1978 she was awarded "Best Violin Teacher of the Year" by the American String Teachers Association (ASTA).

paragraph: Section::::Horses.

paragraph: A member of the Arabian Horse Registry of American, Priscilla Paetsch raised, bred and trained Polish-bred registered Arabian horses. She used to jump her Arabian horses in competition winning many prizes. She shoes her own horses on the small plot of land her family owns on the west side of Colorado Springs. She taught all of her 7 children to be able to ride horses before they could walk. The family would ride for pleasure behind their house which, was the Rocky Mountain National Park. At one time she had 11 purebred Arabian horses at their house in Colorado Springs.

paragraph: She was ahead of the times, and as many people were schooled in a very formal environment where it was only proper to call the elders by the last names, she wanted to be called Priscilla.

description: American violinist

wikidata_label: Priscilla Paetsch

wikipedia_title: Priscilla Paetsch


text: Profile at Cerezo Osaka

categories: Association football people from Nagasaki Prefecture,Japanese footballers,J2 League players,J3 League players,Association football defenders,Cerezo Osaka players,Cerezo Osaka U-23 players,1996 births,J1 League players,Living people

paragraph:
Masaki Okino
Section::::Club statistics.
"Updated to 23 February 2018".
Section::::External links.
BULLET::::- Profile at Cerezo Osaka

description: Japanese footballer

wikidata_label: Masaki Okino

wikipedia_title: Masaki Okino


text:
Carnegie Hall
Washington, D.C.
tableau vivant
Portland, Connecticut
The Psychology of the New Education
Rhythm: The Basis of Art and Education
Manhattan, New York
Portland, Connecticut
Florence Fleming Noyes
Flickr
The Noyes School of Rhythm

categories: 1928 deaths,1871 births,American dancers

paragraph: Florence Fleming Noyes

paragraph: Florence Fleming Noyes (1871–1928) was an American classical dancer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: She was born in 1871. In 1912 she opened her first dance studio in Carnegie Hall and in 1913 she dressed as Liberty at the Capitol in Washington, D.C. as part of a tableau vivant to bring publicity for the cause of women's right to vote. In 1921 she founded two dance camps in Portland, Connecticut. They were the Shepherd's Nine for women, and the Junio. She died in 1928.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Psychology of the New Education (1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rhythm: The Basis of Art and Education (1923)

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Noyes School of Rhythm in Manhattan, New York (1912-2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Noyes School of Rhythm in Portland, Connecticut

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Florence Fleming Noyes at Flickr

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Noyes School of Rhythm Official website

description: American dancer

wikidata_label: Florence Fleming Noyes

wikipedia_title: Florence Fleming Noyes


text:
Modena
Renaissance
Pope Leo X
Medici
Cosimo de' Medici
Republic of Florence
Rome
pastoral
Bologna
Ippolito de' Medici
Lucca
syphilis

wikipedia_title:
Modena
Renaissance
Pope Leo X
House of Medici
Cosimo de' Medici
Republic of Florence
Rome
Pastoral
Bologna
Ippolito de' Medici
Lucca
Syphilis

categories: 16th-century Italian poets,Italian male poets,1489 births,Italian Renaissance writers,1544 deaths,People from Modena

paragraph: Francesco Maria Molza

paragraph: Francesco Maria Molza (born 18 June 1489 in Modena; died 28 February 1544 in Modena) was an Italian poet of the Renaissance. He has been described as "one of the most promising of contemporary authors".

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Pope Leo X, known as the Medici Pope, carried on his family's tradition of patronage of the arts begun by his great-grandfather Cosimo de' Medici in the Republic of Florence. Upon hearing of the generosity of this new pope, Francesco Maria Molza abandoned his family – parents, wife, and children – and moved to Rome where he became infatuated with a woman and wrote poems to her; he wrote the pastoral poem "La ninfa Tiberina" in praise of Faustina Mancini and went through a series of various amours. He was at one point attacked and seriously wounded by a would-be assassin. After Leo's death, he moved to Bologna where he joined the entourage of Ippolito de' Medici. He wrote five novellas, four of which were published in Lucca after his death in 1549.

paragraph: He died in 1544 of syphilis.

description: Italian poet

enwikiquote_title: Francesco Maria Molza

wikidata_label: Francesco Maria Molza

wikipedia_title: Francesco Maria Molza


text: Belgian

text: Governor

text: Resident-General

text: Ruanda-Urundi

text: Rwandan Revolution

text: Burundian

text: Solvay Business School

text: Free University of Brussels

text: soil erosion

text: Soviet Union

text: applied ecology

text: Ruanda-Urundi

text: Belgian Congo

text: Urundi

text: Prince Louis Rwagasore

text: Christian Democratic Party

text: René Lemarchand

text: Free University of Brussels

text: Ixelles

text: Brussels

wikipedia_title: List of colonial governors of Ruanda-Urundi

wikipedia_title: Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management

categories: 1995 deaths,Belgian civil servants,1909 births,Ruanda-Urundi,Free University of Brussels alumni

paragraph: Jean-Paul Harroy

paragraph: Jean-Paul Harroy (4 May 1909 – 8 July 1995) was a Belgian colonial civil servant who served as the last Governor and only Resident-General of Ruanda-Urundi. His term coincided with the Rwandan Revolution and the assassination of the popular Burundian political leader Prince Louis Rwagasore. It has been alleged that Harroy may have been implicated in the murder.

paragraph: Section::::Education and career.

paragraph: Jean-Paul Harroy studied at the Solvay Business School from which he graduated as a business engineer in 1931. In 1936, he obtained a degree in colonial sciences at the Free University of Brussels and in 1946 the title of doctor in colonial sciences. His thesis addressed soil erosion in Central Africa and was entitled "Afrique, terre qui meurt, la dégradation des sols africains sous l'influence de la colonisation" ("Africa, a dying land: The Degradation of African Soils under the Influence of Colonization"). This thesis had a certain international impact, both in the United States and in the Soviet Union, and Harroy was widely seen as a leading expert on applied ecology in Africa.

paragraph: From 1932 to 1935 Jean-Paul Harroy worked in the family company before being appointed to manage the Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo belge, a precursor of the Institut congolais pour la conservation de la nature. From 1948 to 1955, Jean-Paul Harroy was the first secretary-general of the International Union for Protection of Nature, later to become the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

paragraph: Section::::Controversy and the assassination of Prince Louis Rwagasore.

paragraph: Harroy arrived in Ruanda-Urundi in 1955 and served as the territory's Governor in addition to being the Vice Governor-General of the Belgian Congo. Following Urundi's formal request for independence on 20 January 1959, Urundi's first democratic elections took place on 8 September 1961. These elections were won by UPRONA, a multi-ethnic unity party led by Prince Louis Rwagasore, which won just over 80 percent of the electorate's votes. In the wake of the elections, on 13 October, Rwagasore was assassinated. The assassination was planned by members of the pro-Belgian Christian Democratic Party (PDC). Rwagasore had been a notable critic of Harroy's administration. Prior to his execution, the assassin Jean (Ioannis) Kageorgis explicitly accused Harroy and Régnier of responsibility in the murder.

paragraph: René Lemarchand has written that "Harroy is seen by many Barundi as the incarnation of the devil. A more measured assessment suggests that he will probably go down in history as one of the most irresponsible and inept colonial civil servants to preside over the dissolution of colonial rule in Africa."

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Following his rule as Governor-General of Ruanda-Urundi, Harroy went on to work as a professor at Free University of Brussels. He died in 1995 at Ixelles, a suburb of Brussels.

paragraph: Section::::Authography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Burundi, 1955–1962: Souvenirs d'un combattant d'une guerre perdue" (1987)

description: Belgian colonial civil servant

wikidata_label: Jean-Paul Harroy

wikipedia_title: Jean-Paul Harroy


text: Armenian

text: Yerevan

text: Aygedzor

text: Tavush Province

text: Public Television of Armenia

text: Yerkir Media

text: NTV

text: Russia Today

wikipedia_title:
Armenian language
Yerevan
Aygedzor
Tavush Province
Armenian State Pedagogical University
Public Television Company of Armenia
Yerkir Media
NTV (Russia)
RT (TV network)

paragraph: Hayk Ordyan

paragraph: Hayk Ordyan (Armenian: Հայկ Օրդյան, December 3, 1978, Yerevan), Armenian director, producer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Hayk Ordyan was born in 1978 in Yerevan, his roots are from Aygedzor village, Tavush Province. From 1996-2001 he studied in Armenian State Pedagogical University after Khachatur Abovian (Faculty of Culture). Since student years he worked in the Public Television of Armenia first as assistant to director, then as director. During different years he has been the general director of the news programs in the Public Television of Armenia, “Yerkir Media” and H2 TVs. Since 2011 as a director he collaborated with Russian TVs such as NTV, Russia 1 and Russia Today where he shoots mainly documentary films. From 2008-2016 he has lectured in the Armenian State Pedagogical University after Khachatur Abovian and in Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University. Since 2009 he is the founder and director of ORDFILM film production company.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Anonymous Graves” (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Registered Proselytism” (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- “The Story of Armenian Wine” (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Aygedzor” (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Frunzik Mkrtchyan: Life on Tape” (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- “The Poet of Cinema: Artavazd Peleshyan” (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Armenian-Turkish Media Border” (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Edward Ghazaryan: Miracle Worker”, (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Sos Sargsyan”: With Himself (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Codes of Our Body: Skin” (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Codes of Our Body: Heart” (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Agony” ( Short-feature,2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Eyesight Without Eyes”, (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Genocide: The Beginning” (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- “The Keepers of Leopard Land” (2015)

wikidata_label: Hayk Ordyan

wikipedia_title: Hayk Ordyan