text: gas meter

text: spectrohelioscope

text: Besses o' th' Barn

text: Whitefield

text: Manchester Grammar School

text: town-planning

text: New Brighton

text: Victorian

text: resort

text: civil

text: District Council

text: tap valves

text: gas lighting

text: penny

text: Edinburgh

text: acetylene

text: coal gas

text: calcium carbide

text: rotary gas meter

text: reflector

text: refractor telescope

text: celluloid

text: diffraction grating

text: polarising

text: prominence

text: spectroscope

text: objective

text: prisms

text: Henry Rowland

text: multi-slit spectroscope

text: Aloysius Cortie

text: Stonyhurst College

text: Prestatyn

text: North Wales

text: Cooke

text: equatorial telescope

text: photo-visual objective

text: Wilde Premium for Original Research

text: Lord Rayleigh

text: British Journal of Photography

text: Popular Astronomy

text: British Astronomical Association

text: cordite

text: gunsight

text: total solar eclipses

text: Algiers

text: Burgos

text: David G. Simpson

text: Manchester Astronomical Society

text: All Saints' Church, Stand

text: screw drive

text: mercury

text: clepsydra

text: micrometre valve

text: Stand Grammar School

categories: English astronomers,People from Bury, Greater Manchester,English inventors,Fellows of the Royal Astronomical Society,1850 births,Gas technologies,1914 deaths

paragraph: Thomas Thorp (scientific instrument manufacturer)

paragraph: Thomas Thorp (1850–1914) was an English manufacturer of scientific instruments credited with inventing the first practical coin-in-the-slot gas meter, with innovations in the field of photography, including that involving colour, and for producing an early example of what has since been developed into the modern spectrohelioscope. He began his working life as an apprentice to a firm of architects and ended it as a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, having had a keen interest in astronomy since childhood.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Thomas Thorp was born on 26 October 1850, the son of a farmer who worked land around Narrow Lane (now known as Victoria Avenue), Besses o' th' Barn, Whitefield, Lancashire. He was educated first at the local Park Lane School and subsequently at Manchester Grammar School, following which he was apprenticed to Maycock and Bell, a firm of architects and surveyors in Manchester. During his apprenticeship, he had a role in the town-planning of New Brighton, which was then rising as a Victorian resort town. He had an interest in the practical application of scientific knowledge, as did his inventive father, and a consequence of this trait was an inclination towards civil and mechanical engineering. Later in life Thorp was to be the appointed engineer for both the Local Board of Whitefield and also its District Council.

paragraph: Section::::Engineering.

paragraph: As early as 1872, while still working for Maycock and Bell, he was sole patentee of a mechanism for tap valves. In 1875, he was jointly named with A. P. Bell, architect, on a patent application regarding improvements to the automation of gas lighting, and continued to design items for the gas industry thereafter. In 1880 he established a business for the manufacture of his designs, originally known as Thomas Thorp & Co., with premises at Narrow Lane, Whitefield.

paragraph: One significant innovation was the design, patented in 1889, for the first practical mechanism that allowed gas to be dispensed by insertion of a penny into a meter, an early point-of-use prepayment system. Although frequently attributed as being his invention alone, the patent was jointly held with Thomas Gardiner Marsh. The device was a major advance and, for example, the Manchester Institution of the Association of Gas Engineers and Manufacturers reported in 1898 that

paragraph: Despite its practicality, the meter design of Thorp and Marsh was rapidly superseded and by 1894 J. Nasmith was reporting that it was "practically out of the running". The Edinburgh-based William Cowan and the Manchester business of Sawyer and Purves were among those who had been granted patents for improvements to the mechanism by that time.

paragraph: Around the same time, Thorp and Marsh were among the many people experimenting with the possibilities of using acetylene gas as an alternate to coal gas. Acetylene – produced by mixing calcium carbide and water – was thought to produce a better quality of light but there were practical difficulties to overcome. They discovered that adding the carbide to the water was less dangerous than adding the water to the carbide, and they surmounted problems related to gradual "choking" of the burners when in use by mixing air with the product. They also invented a safety valve that they claimed cut off the burner outlet in the not unusual event that the supply to it was interrupted, thus preventing unlit gas from being emitted when the supply was restored. This valve was capable of use in both acetylene and coal gas installations.

paragraph: Thorp also invented the rotary gas meter in 1902, and, what his obituary describes as "a tiny device ... for economical regulation of gas delivery [that] has been very widely employed by manufacturers and public authorities." Other inventions included a push-tap for water and improvements to gas lamps and pneumatic tools.

paragraph: Thorp retired from business at the age of 50 to devote more time to his scientific studies. An advertisement of 1906 shows Marsh as chairman of the Manchester-based Rotary Meter Company Ltd and director of a similarly named business in New York. The latter had bought the sole US and Canadian manufacturing rights for all products regarding which Thorp held or might in future hold US patents.

paragraph: Section::::Scientific instruments.

paragraph: Thorp was a "scientific and mechanical genius". In pursuit of his childhood interest in astronomy, he developed considerable skills in the manufacture of optical glass and both reflector and refractor telescopes. He also created celluloid diffraction grating replicas, polarising solar eyepieces and prominence spectroscopes that were widely used, as well as objective prisms. His high resolution diffracting grating replicas were significant advances of the ideas developed by Henry Rowland, whilst his multi-slit spectroscope was the first to enable the showing of both celestial and terrestrial objects and has formed the basis for the present day spectrohelioscope. Father Aloysius Cortie, of Stonyhurst College, Lancashire, was one whom achieved good results from an example of the objective prisms. Eventually owning houses in Whitefield and also in Prestatyn, North Wales, he constructed observatories at each of these and favoured the Cooke equatorial telescope for his own observations. This device was fitted with a photo-visual objective, a spectroscope and other attachments that enabled it to be used for photography.

paragraph: Thorp's innovative design for celluloid diffraction grating replicas won him the Wilde Premium for Original Research in 1901, principally in recognition of his paper of 1899 entitled "Grating Films and their application to Colour Photography". He was also recognised by awards from other bodies, including international exhibitions. His diffraction gratings were particularly noted in an obituary, which said that they made Prior to his developments, details of which he published but did not patent, interested people had to rely upon the photographic methods that had been proposed by Lord Rayleigh and Izarn. Thorp's "brilliant idea", announced in 1898 and improved thereafter through experimentation and the development of new materials, was to take "a cast of the ruled surface in a transparent medium [comprising] a thin solution of celluloid in amyl acetate." He described his method on numerous occasions, including in a letter published in the edition of 29 December 1905 of the "British Journal of Photography" (reproduced in "Popular Astronomy", 1906), He emphasised the need for a dust-free environment and a uniform drying of the solution as well as asserting that his was the "first method of producing optically useful replicas of gratings and one which after all has not in my opinion been superseded." By 1900 he was able to apply his developments to colour photography and he went on to demonstrate to the British Astronomical Association a method for projecting natural colours that used "three replicas adjusted to diffract the proper colour sensations to the eye".

paragraph: His work with celluloid was not limited to investigation of its uses in astronomy. He reported in 1902 that he had demonstrated the explosive nature of the substance by substituting it for the cordite in a bullet and then firing that bullet through a thick piece of wood. Similarly, although he used partial vacuums in his development of his diffraction gratings, he also investigated their use elsewhere as, for example, in his paper of 1903 entitled "On the Production of Polished Metallic Surfaces having the Properties of Japanese "Magic" Mirrors". These and numerous other contributions – including experiments in soldering aluminium and the use of optics for gunsights – were reported to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, of which he had been elected a member on 21 January 1896. He served as member of the Society's Council for all but one year between 1902 and 1912, was a vice-president for three years and was offered, but refused, a nomination to be president.

paragraph: Thorp was a member of expeditions to view the total solar eclipses of 1900 and 1905, which visited Algiers and Burgos, respectively. Examples of his inventions were used by various members of the parties.

paragraph: Proposed by David G. Simpson, Thorp was elected a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society on 11 April 1902. He was also a vice-president of the Manchester Astronomical Society, of which he had been a member since 1892.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Thorp died at Prestatyn on 13 June 1914, leaving a widow and three sons, one of whom – Franklin – also had involvements in the gas industry. He was buried at All Saints' Church, Stand, a few days later. He also left a partially developed scheme for the manufacture of a ruling machine that obviated the need for a screw drive, being controlled instead by a mercury clepsydra and micrometre valve, and had been working on the design of a cinema screen. Thorp's Cooke telescope was given by the family to Stand Grammar School. One obituarist remarked on his "unassuming and genial manner to all with whom he came into contact, and his readiness to explain and to make suggestions on any subject in which his wide knowledge could be of any assistance."

paragraph: The business that he founded, Thomas Thorp & Co. Ltd, was finally liquidated in 1976.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Notes

paragraph: Citations

paragraph: Bibliography

wikidata_label: Thomas Thorp


text: Harbord Harbord, 1st Baron Suffield

text: William Harbord, 2nd Baron Suffield

text: Great Yarmouth

text: Norwich

text: Peterloo massacre

text: Shaftesbury

text: House of Lords

text: Whigs

text: slave trade

text: Constitution Hill

categories: 1781 births,People from North Norfolk (district),1835 deaths,English abolitionists

paragraph: Edward Harbord, 3rd Baron Suffield

paragraph: Edward Harbord, 3rd Baron Suffield (10 November 1781 – July 1835), styled The Honourable Edward Harbord between 1786 and 1821, was a British radical politician, anti-slavery campaigner and prison reformer.

paragraph: Harbord was the second son of Harbord Harbord, 1st Baron Suffield, and Mary Assheton, daughter of Sir Ralph Assheton, 3rd Baronet. William Harbord, 2nd Baron Suffield, was his elder brother. He was returned to Parliament for Great Yarmouth in 1806, a seat he held until 1812. In 1819 he outraged his family be declaring himself a "Liberal" at a public meeting held at Norwich to petition for an inquiry into the "Peterloo massacre". In 1820 he returned to the House of Commons as one of two representatives for Shaftesbury. The following year he succeeded his elder brother in the barony. He was active in the House of Lords for the Whigs, especially in advocating for the abolition of the slave trade.

paragraph: Lord Suffield married firstly Georgiana Vernon, daughter of George Venables-Vernon, 2nd Baron Vernon, in 1809. After Lady Suffield's death in September 1824, Lord Suffield married as his second wife Emily Harriet Shirley, daughter of Evelyn Shirley, in 1826. There were children from both marriages. Lord Suffield died at his London home, Vernon House, Park Place, St James's, in July 1835, aged 53, after a fall from his horse on Constitution Hill on 30 June, and was buried at Gunton, Norfolk. He was succeeded by his son from his first marriage, Edward. Lady Suffield died in January 1881.

description: British Baron

wikidata_label: Edward Harbord, 3rd Baron Suffield

wikipedia_title: Edward Harbord, 3rd Baron Suffield


text: Reigate

text: Surrey

text: Paris

text: Florence

text: Franco-Prussian War

text: Paris Commune

text: Britain

text: Royal Academy of Arts

text: Auckland

text: Charles Frederick Goldie

text: Theodore Géricault

text: Raft of the Medusa

text: John Logan Campbell

text: Parnell Rose Gardens

categories: New Zealand artists,1842 births,1918 deaths,New Zealand printmakers,English emigrants to New Zealand,People from Reigate

paragraph: Louis John Steele

paragraph: Louis John Steele (30 January 1842 – 12 December 1918) was a New Zealand artist and engraver. He was born in Reigate, Surrey.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Steele's parents were the surgeon John Sisson Steele and Harriet ( Thompson). Steele studied at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris before journeying to Florence. Steele returned to Paris some time before 1870, and was living in the city during the Franco-Prussian War and the time of the Paris Commune. He returned to Britain shortly afterwards, and exhibited paintings at the Royal Academy of Arts in 1872 and 1875. From 1881 to 1886, Steele showed etchings at the Academy.

paragraph: Steele married Marie Louise Alexandrine Piatti some time before 1871. They had two sons, Ernest Henri and Louis John Sisson Piatti (born August 1871).

paragraph: Section::::New Zealand career.

paragraph: Steele emigrated to New Zealand in around 1886, settling in Auckland; Marie Louise did not accompany him. He opened a studio in an arcade on Shortland Street. One of his early pupils was Charles Frederick Goldie, the most significant painter of Māori subjects. In New Zealand, Steele painted portraits, racehorses, and scenes from history. Some of his history paintings were on a large scale, produced in collaboration with other artists.

paragraph: In 1898 he and Goldie collaborated on "The Arrival of the Maoris in New Zealand", now considered the best-known history painting to be completed in New Zealand; it was based directly on Theodore Géricault's famous "Raft of the Medusa".

paragraph: The contents of Steele’s studio were auctioned on 16 August 1917; he died in Auckland on 12 December 1918.

paragraph: His large oil painting of an elderly Sir John Logan Campbell at his house Kilbryde (now the site of the Parnell Rose Gardens) was thought lost for 100 years, but resurfaced in 2017; it fetched a record .

description: New Zealand artist and engraver

wikidata_label: Louis John Steele

wikipedia_title: Louis John Steele


text: jazz

text: free jazz

text: Broadway Blues

text: Lonely Woman

text: Sound Grammar

text: Pulitzer Prize

text: Fort Worth, Texas

text: I.M. Terrell High School

text: The Washington Post

text: R&B

text: bebop

text: Prince Lasha

text: Charles Moffett

text: Silas Green from New Orleans

text: Pee Wee Crayton

text: Ed Blackwell

text: Bobby Bradford

text: Don Cherry

text: Charlie Haden

text: Billy Higgins

text: Charles Moffett

text: Something Else!!!!

text: Walter Norris

text: Don Payne

text: Paul Bley

text: Tomorrow Is the Question!

text: Atlantic

text: The Shape of Jazz to Come

text: Jazzwise

text: Five Spot

text: Lionel Hampton

text: Modern Jazz Quartet

text: Miles Davis

text: plastic saxophone

text: pocket trumpet

text: Scott LaFaro

text: Jimmy Garrison

text: Ed Blackwell

text: Beauty Is a Rare Thing

text: Freddie Hubbard

text: Eric Dolphy

text: Down Beat

text: free jazz

text: composition

text: Charlie Parker

text: standard

text: avant-garde jazz

text: David Izenzon

text: Charles Moffett

text: Albert Ayler

text: Blue Note

text: At the Golden Circle Stockholm

text: The Empty Foxhole

text: Denardo Coleman

text: Freddie Hubbard

text: Shelly Manne

text: Sunny Murray

text: Elvin Jones

text: Dewey Redman

text: Ed Blackwell

text: David Izenzon

text: Yoko Ono

text: Albert Hall

text: Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band

text: Town Hall, 1962

text: Skies of America

text: electrified instruments

text: Dancing in Your Head

text: Joe Zawinul

text: harmolodics

text: Virgin Beauty

text: Of Human Feelings

text: rock

text: funk

text: free funk

text: Jerry Garcia

text: Grateful Dead

text: Bobby Bland

text: Pat Metheny

text: Song X

text: Reggio Emilia

text: David Cronenberg

text: Naked Lunch

text: Howard Shore

text: Gus Van Sant

text: Finding Forrester

text: Geri Allen

text: Joachim Kühn

text: Sound Grammar

text: Greg Cohen

text: Pulitzer Prize

text: Joanne Brackeen

text: Marian McPartland

text: Jayne Cortez

text: cardiac arrest

text: The New York Times Magazine

text: 2008 Universal fire

text: Down Beat

text: MacArthur Fellowship

text: Praemium Imperiale

text: Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize

text: Berklee College of Music

text: Pulitzer Prize

text: Graduate Center, CUNY

text: Roy Eldridge

text: Esquire

text: Andy Hamilton

text: The Wire

text: "Forms and Sounds"

text: "New York Observer"

categories: Antilles Records artists,Pulitzer Prize for Music winners,20th-century American composers,ESP-Disk artists,Atlantic Records artists,Blue Note Records artists,Avant-garde jazz saxophonists,American male saxophonists,People from Fort Worth, Texas,20th-century saxophonists,Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters,20th-century violinists,1930s births,Jazz alto saxophonists,Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale,American jazz violinists,Guggenheim Fellows,Age controversies,Free jazz saxophonists,Musicians from Texas,Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners,ABC Records artists,Free funk saxophonists,2015 deaths,MacArthur Fellows,21st-century saxophonists,American jazz saxophonists,Male jazz musicians,African-American musicians,American male violinists

paragraph: Ornette Coleman

paragraph: Randolph Denard Ornette Coleman (March 9 or 19, 1930 – June 11, 2015) was an American jazz saxophonist, violinist, trumpeter, and composer. In the 1960s, he was one of the founders of free jazz, a term he invented for his album "". His "Broadway Blues" and "Lonely Woman" have become standards and are cited as important early works in free jazz. His album "Sound Grammar" received the 2007 Pulitzer Prize for music.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Coleman was born on the 9th of March, 1930, in Fort Worth, Texas, where he was raised.

paragraph: He attended I.M. Terrell High School, where he participated in band until he was dismissed for improvising during "The Washington Post" march. He began performing R&B and bebop on tenor saxophone and started The Jam Jivers with Prince Lasha and Charles Moffett.

paragraph: Eager to leave town, he accepted a job in 1949 with a Silas Green from New Orleans traveling show and then with touring rhythm and blues shows. After a show in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, he was assaulted and his saxophone was destroyed.

paragraph: He switched to alto saxophone, which remained his primary instrument, first playing it in New Orleans after the Baton Rouge incident. He then joined the band of Pee Wee Crayton and traveled with them to Los Angeles. He worked at various jobs, including as an elevator operator, while pursuing his music career.

paragraph: In California he found like-minded musicians such as Ed Blackwell, Bobby Bradford, Don Cherry, Charlie Haden, Billy Higgins, and Charles Moffett. He recorded his debut album, "Something Else!!!!" (1958) with Cherry, Higgins, Walter Norris, and Don Payne. During the same year he belonged briefly to a quintet led by Paul Bley that performed at a club in New York City. By the time "Tomorrow Is the Question!" was recorded soon after with Cherry, Higgins, and Haden, the jazz world had been shaken up by Coleman's alien music. Some jazz musicians called him a fraud, while conductor Leonard Bernstein praised him.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1959: "The Shape of Jazz to Come".

paragraph: In 1959 Atlantic released "The Shape of Jazz to Come" According to music critic Steve Huey, the album "was a watershed event in the genesis of avant-garde jazz, profoundly steering its future course and throwing down a gauntlet that some still haven't come to grips with." "Jazzwise" listed it No. 3 on their list of the 100 best jazz albums of all time.

paragraph: Coleman's quartet received a long – and sometimes controversial – engagement at Five Spot jazz club in New York City. Leonard Bernstein, Lionel Hampton, and Modern Jazz Quartet were impressed and offered encouragement. Hampton asked to perform with the quartet; Bernstein helped Haden obtain a composition grant from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. But trumpeter Miles Davis said Coleman was "all screwed up inside" although he recanted this comment and became a proponent of Coleman's innovations.

paragraph: Coleman's early sound was due in part to his use of a plastic saxophone. He bought a plastic horn in Los Angeles in 1954 because he was unable to afford a metal saxophone, though he didn't like the sound of the plastic instrument at first.

paragraph: On the Atlantic recordings, Coleman's sidemen in the quartet are Cherry on cornet or pocket trumpet; Charlie Haden, Scott LaFaro, and then Jimmy Garrison on bass; and Higgins or his replacement Ed Blackwell on drums. The complete recordings for the label were collected on the box set "Beauty Is a Rare Thing".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1960: "Free Jazz".

paragraph: In 1960, Coleman recorded "", which featured a double quartet, including Don Cherry and Freddie Hubbard on trumpet, Eric Dolphy on bass clarinet, Haden and LaFaro on bass, and both Higgins and Blackwell on drums. The album was recorded in stereo with a reed/brass/bass/drums quartet isolated in each stereo channel. "Free Jazz" was, at nearly 40 minutes, the longest recorded continuous jazz performance to date and was one of Coleman's most controversial albums. The music features a regular but complex pulse, one drummer playing "straight" while the other played double-time; the thematic material is a series of brief, dissonant fanfares. A series of solo features for each member of the band, but the other soloists are free to chime in as they wish. In the January 18, 1962 issue of "Down Beat" magazine, in a review titled "Double View of a Double Quartet," Pete Welding gave the album five stars while John A. Tynan rated it zero stars.

paragraph: Coleman intended "free jazz" as simply an album title. But his growing reputation placed him at the forefront of jazz innovation, and free jazz was soon considered a new genre, though Coleman has expressed discomfort with the term. Among the reasons he may have disapproved of the term is that his music contains composition. His melodic material, although skeletal, recalls melodies that Charlie Parker wrote over standard harmonies. The music is closer to the bebop that came before it than is sometimes popularly imagined.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1960s–70s: Avant-garde and harmolodic funk.

paragraph: After the Atlantic period and into the early part of the 1970s, Coleman's music became more angular and engaged with the avant-garde jazz which had developed in part around his innovations.

paragraph: After his quartet disbanded, he formed a trio with David Izenzon on bass and Charles Moffett on drums. He extended the sound of his music, introducing string players and playing trumpet and violin, which he played left-handed. He had little conventional musical technique and used the instruments to make large, unrestrained gestures. His friendship with Albert Ayler influenced his development on trumpet and violin. Charlie Haden sometimes joined this trio to form a two-bass quartet.

paragraph: Coleman signed with Blue Note and recorded "At the Golden Circle Stockholm". In 1966, he recorded "The Empty Foxhole" with his son, Denardo Coleman, who was ten years old. Freddie Hubbard and Shelly Manne regarded this as an ill-advised piece of publicity on Coleman's part. Despite his youth, Denardo Coleman had studied drumming for several years. His technique was unrefined but enthusiastic, owing more to pulse-oriented free jazz drummers like Sunny Murray than to bebop drummers. He became his father's primary drummer in the late 1970s.

paragraph: Coleman formed another quartet. Haden, Garrison, and Elvin Jones appeared, and Dewey Redman joined the group, usually on tenor saxophone. On February 29, 1968 in a group with Haden, Ed Blackwell, and David Izenzon Coleman performed live with Yoko Ono at Albert Hall. One song was included on the album "Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band" (1970)

paragraph: He continued to explore his interest in string textures – from "Town Hall, 1962", culminating with the "Skies of America" album in 1972. (Sometimes this had a practical value, as it facilitated his group's appearance in the UK in 1965, where jazz musicians were under a quota arrangement but classical performers were exempt.)

paragraph: Coleman, like Miles Davis before him, took to playing with electrified instruments. The 1976 funk album "Dancing in Your Head", Coleman's first recording with the group which later became known as Prime Time, prominently featured electric guitars. While this marked a stylistic departure for Coleman, the music maintained certain similarities to his earlier work. These performances had the same angular melodies and simultaneous group improvisations – what Joe Zawinul referred to as "nobody solos, everybody solos" and what Coleman called "harmolodics" – and although the nature of the pulse was altered, Coleman's rhythmic approach did not.

paragraph: In the 1980s, albums like "Virgin Beauty" and "Of Human Feelings" continued to use rock and funk rhythms, sometimes called free funk. Jerry Garcia played guitar on three tracks from Coleman's 1988 album "Virgin Beauty": "Three Wishes", "Singing in the Shower", and "Desert Players". Coleman joined the Grateful Dead on stage in 1993 during "Space" and stayed for "The Other One", "Stella Blue", Bobby Bland's "Turn on Your Lovelight", and the encore "Brokedown Palace". Another collaboration was with guitarist Pat Metheny, with whom Coleman recorded "Song X" (1985); though released under Metheny's name, Coleman was essentially co-leader (contributing all the compositions).

paragraph: In 1990, the city of Reggio Emilia in Italy held a three-day "Portrait of the Artist" featuring a Coleman quartet with Cherry, Haden, and Higgins. The festival also presented performances of his chamber music and the symphonic "Skies of America". In 1991, Coleman played on the soundtrack for David Cronenberg's "Naked Lunch"; the orchestra was conducted by Howard Shore. It is notable among other things for including a rare sighting of Coleman playing a jazz standard: Thelonious Monk's "Misterioso". Two 1972 (pre-electric) Coleman recordings, "Happy House" and "Foreigner in a Free Land", were used in Gus Van Sant's 2000 "Finding Forrester". He released four records in 1995 and 1996, and for the first time in many years worked regularly with piano players (either Geri Allen or Joachim Kühn).

paragraph: In September 2006 he released a live album titled "Sound Grammar" with his son, Denardo Coleman, and two bassists, Greg Cohen, and Tony Falanga. This was his first album of new material in ten years and was recorded in Germany in 2005. It won the 2007 Pulitzer Prize for music, Coleman being only the second jazz musician to win the prize.

paragraph: Jazz pianist Joanne Brackeen stated in an interview with Marian McPartland that Coleman mentored her and gave her music lessons.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life, death, and subsequent material loss.

paragraph: Coleman married poet Jayne Cortez in 1954. The couple divorced in 1964. They had one son, Denardo, born in 1956.

paragraph: Coleman died of a cardiac arrest at the age of 85 in New York City on June 11, 2015. His funeral was a three-hour event with performances and speeches by several of his collaborators and contemporaries.

paragraph: On June 25, 2019, "The New York Times Magazine" listed Ornette Coleman among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Down Beat" Jazz Hall of Fame, 1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacArthur Fellowship, 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- Praemium Imperiale, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize, 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary doctorate of music, Berklee College of Music, 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pulitzer Prize for music, 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miles Davis Award, Festival International de Jazz de Montréal, 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary doctorate by the Graduate Center, CUNY, 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary doctorate of music, University of Michigan, 2010

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Roy Eldridge, "Esquire" March 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Andy Hamilton. "A Question of Scale" "The Wire" July 2005

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Forms and Sounds" by Ethan Iverson about early Coleman and Harmolodics

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interviewed by Michael Jarrett in "Cadence" magazine, October 1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ornette Coleman interview, 1996", "LA Weekly"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New York Observer", December 19, 2005

enwikiquote_title: Ornette Coleman

wikidata_label: Ornette Coleman

wikipedia_title: Ornette Coleman


text: trompe l'oeil

text: painter

text: William Harnett

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

text: Island Heights, New Jersey

text: cornet

text: still life

text: Chardin

text: John Haberle

text: Jefferson David Chalfant

text: Otis Kaye

text: Alfred Frankenstein

text: Island Heights, New Jersey

text: Abbey Ryan

text: John F. Peto Studio Museum

text: Peto Gallery at MuseumSyndicate

categories: 20th-century American painters,1854 births,Artists from New Jersey,19th-century American painters,American male painters,Artists from Philadelphia,People from Ocean County, New Jersey,1907 deaths,American still life painters,Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts alumni

paragraph: John F. Peto

paragraph: John Frederick Peto (May 21, 1854 – November 23, 1907) was an American "trompe l'oeil" ("fool the eye") painter who was long forgotten until his paintings were rediscovered along with those of fellow "trompe l'oeil" artist William Harnett.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Although Peto and the slightly older Harnett knew each other and painted similar subjects, their careers followed different paths. Peto was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts at the same time as Harnett. Until he was in his mid-thirties, he submitted paintings regularly to the annual exhibitions at the Philadelphia Academy. In 1889, he moved to the resort town of Island Heights, New Jersey, where he worked in obscurity for the rest of his life. He and his wife took in seasonal boarders, he found work playing cornet at the town's camp revival meetings, and he supplemented his income by selling his paintings to tourists. He never had a gallery exhibition in his lifetime. Harnett, on the other hand, achieved success and had considerable influence on other artists painting in the "trompe l'oeil" genre, but even his paintings were given the snub by critics as mere novelty and trickery.

paragraph: Both artists were masters of "trompe l'oeil", a genre of still life that aims to deceive the viewer into mistaking painted objects for reality. Exploiting the fallibility of human perception, the "trompe l'oeil" painter depicts objects in accordance with a set of rules unique to the genre. For example, Peto and Harnett both represented the objects in their paintings at their actual size, and the objects rarely were cut off by the edge of the painting, as this would allow a visual cue to the viewer that the depiction was not real. But the main technical device was to arrange the subject matter in a shallow space, using the shadow of the objects to suggest depth without the eye seeing actual depth. Thus the term "trompe l'oeil"—"fool the eye". Both artists enthrall the viewer with a disturbing but pleasant sense of confusion.

paragraph: Peto's paintings, generally considered less technically skilled than Harnett's, are more abstract, use more unusual color, and often have a stronger emotional resonance. Peto's mature works have an opaque and powdery texture which is often compared to Chardin.

paragraph: The subject matter of Peto's paintings consisted of the most ordinary of things: pistols, horseshoes, bits of paper, keys, books, and the like. He frequently painted old time "letter racks", which were a kind of board that used ribbons tacked into a square that held notes, letters, pencils, and photographs. Many of Peto's paintings reinterpret themes Harnett had painted earlier, but Peto's compositions are less formal and his objects are typically rustier, more worn, less expensive looking.

paragraph: Other artists who practiced "trompe l'oeil" in the late nineteenth century include John Haberle and Jefferson David Chalfant. Otis Kaye followed several decades later.

paragraph: A pioneering study of Peto and Harnett is Alfred Frankenstein's "After the Hunt, William Harnett and Other American Still Life Painters 1870-1900". Frankenstein's book itself is a fantastic tale of solving the mystery of why these artists were forgotten for much of the twentieth century.

paragraph: Section::::John F. Peto Studio Museum.

paragraph: The John F. Peto Studio Museum preserves the artist's house and studio in Island Heights, New Jersey. Built in 1889, the house was mostly designed by the artist and remained in his family for over 100 years. Opened in 2011, the house has been furnished to appear as during Peto's residency around the turn of the 20th century, and features reproductions of his paintings. Painter Abbey Ryan also teaches an annual professional painting workshop at the John F. Peto Studio Museum.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frankenstein, Alfred (1970). "The Reality of Appearance". Greenwich: New York Graphic Society.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schwartz, Sanford (1990). "Artists and Writers". New York: Yarrow Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilmerding, John (1983)."Important Information Inside". New York: Harper & Row.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John F. Peto Studio Museum - official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peto Gallery at MuseumSyndicate

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Frederick Peto And Peto Family Papers Online at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- American paintings & historical prints from the Middendorf collection, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Peto (no. 45)

alias:
John Frederick Peto
John Peto
john f. peto
Peto

description: American artist

wikidata_label: John F. Peto

wikipedia_title: John F. Peto


text:
Spanish Army
Ralph Abercromby
Puerto Rico
British
Hispaniola
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Cadiz
Spain
Francisco Torralbo
Brigadier General Ramón de Castro
Jose and Francisco Diaz
Aguadilla
Charles IV
Treaty of Ryswick
Peace of Basel
French Revolutionary Wars
Toussaint Louverture
Napoleon
yellow fever
Napoleon's invasion of Spain
"criollos"
Ramón Power y Giralt
Great Britain
Héctor Andrés Negroni
List of famous Puerto Ricans
List of Puerto Rican military personnel
Military history of Puerto Rico
José and Francisco Díaz

categories: Puerto Rican military personnel,People of the Spanish colonial Americas,1746 births,People from Aguadilla, Puerto Rico,Puerto Rican military officers,Puerto Rican Army personnel,1814 deaths,18th-century Puerto Rican people

paragraph: Rafael Conti

paragraph: Rafael Conti Flores, also spelled "Conty" (1746–1814) was a Colonel in the Spanish Army who was in charge of the Puerto Rican Militia in the town of Aguadilla. In 1790, he captured 11 enemy ships involved in smuggling stolen goods. In 1797, he helped defeat Sir Ralph Abercromby and defend Puerto Rico from a British invasion in Aguadilla. In 1809, he organized a military expedition fight with the aim of returning Hispaniola, which now comprises the nations of the Dominican Republic and Haiti, back to Spanish rule.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Rafael Conti (birth name: Rafael Conti Flores ) was born in the town of Cadiz, Andalucia in Spain. There he received his primary and secondary education in private schools. He trained for a military career in a military institution. Upon his graduation in 1766, he was commissioned a Lieutenant of War and continued to serve in Spain.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Conti was placed in charge of the Puerto Rican Militia in Aguadilla and named sub delegate of the treasury of the town. In 1790, he became aware of the fact that various English vessels were involved in the illegal act of smuggling stolen goods close to the coast of his hometown. Conti then took charge of a sloop and with the help of his men in the militia, he captured and confiscated 11 vessels involved in the illegal activity. He married Juana Josefa Torralbo, daughter of the Spanish appointed Governor of Puerto Rico Francisco Torralbo.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Defense of San Juan (1797).

paragraph: On February 17, 1797, the then appointed Governor of Puerto Rico Brigadier General Ramón de Castro, received news that Great Britain had invaded the island of Trinidad. Believing that Puerto Rico would be the next British objective he decided to put the local militia on alert and to prepare the island's forts against any military action. After the invaders disembarked practically all fighting was land based with many skirmishes, field artillery and mortar fire exchanges between the San Gerónimo and San Antonio Bridge fortress and British emplacements in Condado to the East and El Olimpo hill in Miramar to the South. The British tried to take the San Antonio, a key passage to the San Juan islet, and repeatedly bombarded the nearby San Gerónimo to the tune of nearly one thousand shells and almost demolishing it. At the Martín Peña Bridge, they were met by the likes of Sergeants Jose and Francisco Diaz and Conti who together with Lieutenant Lucas de Fuentes attacked the enemy with two cannons. After fiercely fighting by the Spanish forces and local militia, they were defeated in all attempts to advance into San Juan. The invasion failed because Puerto Rican volunteers and Spanish troops fought back and defended the island in a manner described by a British lieutenant as of “astonishing bravery". The British also attacked Aguadilla and Punta Salinas, where they were met by Conti who had been promoted to Colonel of Artillery, and his men. The British were defeated, and the British troops that had landed on the island were taken prisoner. The enemy retreated on April 30 to their ships and on May 2 set sail northward. Because of the defeat given to the British forces, governor Ramon de Castro petitioned Spanish King Charles IV for recognition for the victors; Conti and several others were promoted and given pay raises.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Hispaniola expedition of 1809.

paragraph: Spain neglected her Caribbean holdings and in 1697 Treaty of Ryswick, Spain ceded the island of Hispaniola to France. France came to own the island in 1795, when by the Peace of Basel Spain ceded Santo Domingo as a consequence of the French Revolutionary Wars. At the time, Saint-Domingue's slaves, led by Toussaint Louverture, were in revolt against France. In 1801 they captured Santo Domingo, thus controlling the entire island; but in 1802 an army sent by Napoleon captured Toussaint Louverture and sent him to France as prisoner. However, Toussaint Louverture's lieutenants, plus the spread of yellow fever, succeeded in expelling the French again from Saint-Domingue, which in 1804 the rebels made independent as the Republic of Haiti. Eastwards, France continued to rule Spanish Santo Domingo.

paragraph: In 1808, following Napoleon's invasion of Spain, the "criollos" of Santo Domingo revolted against French rule. Conti organized an expedition to return Hispaniola back to Spain. Col Conti together with naval Captain Ramón Power y Giralt, a fellow Puerto Rican, distinguished themselves with the defense of the Dominican Republic against an invasion from the French forces by enforcing a blockade with the aid of Great Britain (Spain's ally at the time) and Haiti, returned Santo Domingo to Spanish control.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: On September 26, 1814, Conti died in the City of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. The town of Mayagüez honored his memory by naming a high school the "Rafael Conty Liceo Aquadillano High School" after him.

paragraph: Section::::Military decoration.

paragraph: Military decoration awarded to Conti:

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Historia militar de Puerto Rico"; by Héctor Andrés Negroni (Author); Publisher: Sociedad Estatal Quinto Centenario (1992); Language: Spanish; ;

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of famous Puerto Ricans

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Puerto Rican military personnel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Military history of Puerto Rico

paragraph: BULLET::::- José and Francisco Díaz

description: Spanish Army officer

wikidata_label: Rafael Conti

wikipedia_title: Rafael Conti


text:
Idrisid
sultan
Morocco
Muhammad ibn Idris
Rajab
AH
Yahya I

categories: Moroccan people of Arab descent,Sultans of Morocco,9th-century Moroccan people,827 births,848 deaths,Moroccan Zaydis,9th-century monarchs in Africa,People from Fez, Morocco,9th-century Arabs,Idrisid dynasty,Arab kings

paragraph: Ali ibn Muhammad

paragraph: Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Idris () was the fourth Idrisid sultan of Morocco. He was the son of Muhammad ibn Idris whom he succeeded in 836. He died in 848 CE (Rajab 234 AH) and was succeeded by his brother Yahya I.

description: Fourth Idrisid sultan of Morocco, 836-848

wikidata_label: Ali ibn Muhammad

wikipedia_title: Ali ibn Muhammad


text:
Latin
Doge of Venice
Pietro Tradonico
tribune
Patriarch of Aquileia
Patriarch of Grado
Slavic
Saracen
Adriatic
Basil I
Hagia Sophia
Giovanni
Norwich, John Julius
Alfred A. Knopf
New York

categories: Year of birth missing,881 deaths,9th-century Doges of Venice

paragraph: Orso I Participazio

paragraph: Orso I Participazio (Latin: "Ursus Particiacus"; died 881), also known as Orso I Badoer, was Doge of Venice from 864 until 881. He was, according to tradition, the fourteenth doge, though historically he is only the twelfth.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: He was elected, probably by acclamation, after several days of street fighting that followed the assassination of his predecessor, Pietro Tradonico, on 13 September 864. Those responsible, numbering around eight, were later arrested and punished accordingly: some were executed, others condemned to exile in France and Constantinople.

paragraph: Orso's most significant accomplishment was his reform of Venetian government. Until his tenure, the practical power of the Doge had been unlimited; the authority of the tribunes, whose role was to check the Doge's power, had declined; and it had become the practice of the Doge to co-opt his son or brother as his fellow Doge, thus introducing a hereditary tendency to the office. Orso instituted elected judges who would serve as magistrates as well as counsellors to the Doge. Orso also reorganized the ecclesiastical structure of the islands of Venice by securing the creation of five new bishoprics, thus thwarting the domination of the Patriarch of Aquileia and the Patriarch of Grado.

paragraph: Orso, like Tradonico, continued the fight against the Slavic and Saracen pirates, who inhabited the Adriatic. He was aided by newly constructed larger ships.

paragraph: Orso presented to Byzantine Emperor Basil I a bell for the basilica Hagia Sophia.

paragraph: He had six children with a wife whose identity is unknown. According to the "Chronicon Venetum" they were Giovanni, Badoario, Orso, Pietro, Felicia and Giovanna. The eldest, Giovanni, served for some time as his father's co-regent, and was elected Doge following his death in 881.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norwich, John Julius. "A History of Venice". Alfred A. Knopf: New York, 1982.

description: Doge of Venice

wikidata_label: Orso I Participazio

wikipedia_title: Orso I Participazio


text:
Thessaloniki
Constantinople
Patriarchal Academy
Lete
Arta
Aitolia
editio princeps
List of Greeks
List of Macedonians (Greek)

wikipedia_title:
Thessaloniki
Constantinople
Phanar Greek Orthodox College
Lete (Mygdonia)
Arta, Greece
Aetolia
Editio princeps
List of people from Greece
List of Macedonians (Greek)

categories: 16th-century Greek people,Religious writers,People from Thessaloniki,Bishops of Nafpaktos,Year of birth unknown,16th-century Eastern Orthodox bishops,1577 deaths,16th-century writers,Greeks of the Ottoman Empire

paragraph: Damaskinos Stouditis

paragraph: Damaskinos Stouditis (; Latin: Damascenus Studites) was a high-ranking Greek ecclesiastic and writer in the sixteenth century. Born in Thessaloniki around 1500, he became a monk in Constantinople, where he was a student of Thomas (Theophanes) Eleavoulkos Notaras at the Patriarchal Academy. In 1564 he was appointed Bishop of Lete and Rendina. In 1574 he was promoted to Metropolitan of Nafpaktos and Arta, and later became Patriarchal Exarch of Aitolia. He died in 1577.

paragraph: Sometime before 1558, when he was still a subdeacon (ὑποδιάκονος), Damaskinos composed his most famous and popular work, the "Thesauros" (Θησαυρός), a compendium of 36 sermons devoted to passages of the Bible. Written in contemporary vernacular Greek, this work reveals Damaskinos’ wide knowledge of scriptural, patristic, historical and philosophical literature. Since its "editio princeps" in Venice in 1568, the "Thesauros" has been published in numerous editions. The text was translated into Turkish (1731; unpublished) and several Slavic languages.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Greeks

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Macedonians (Greek)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Great Macedonians (15th-19th century)

description: patriarchal exarch of Aitolia

wikidata_label: Damaskinos Stouditis

wikipedia_title: Damaskinos Stouditis


text:
Nez Perce
Nez Perce War
Chief Joseph
Oregon
Montana
Canada–US border
Nez Perce War
Clearwater River
United States
Indian reservation
Lapwai, Idaho
Kooskia National Fish Hatchery
Oliver Otis Howard
Chief Joseph
Gatling guns
Bitterroot Mountains
Battle of the Big Hole
Dakota Sioux
Bear Paw Mountains
Battle of Bear Paw
White Bird
Lakota
Sitting Bull
Cheyenne

wikipedia_title:
Nez Perce people
Nez Perce War
Chief Joseph
Oregon
Montana
Canada–United States border
Nez Perce War
Clearwater River (Idaho)
United States
Indian reservation
Lapwai, Idaho
Kooskia National Fish Hatchery
Oliver Otis Howard
Chief Joseph
Gatling gun
Bitterroot Mountains
Battle of the Big Hole
Dakota people
Bears Paw Mountains
Battle of Bear Paw
White Bird (Native American leader)
Lakota people
Sitting Bull
Cheyenne

categories: 1830s births,People from Lewiston, Idaho,Nez Perce people,Native American leaders,Nez Perce War,Military personnel killed in action,Native American people of the Indian Wars

paragraph: Looking Glass (Native American leader)

paragraph: Looking Glass ("Allalimya Takanin" c. 1832-1877) was a principal Nez Perce architect of many of the military strategies employed by the Nez Perce during the Nez Perce War of 1877. He, along with Chief Joseph, directed the 1877 retreat from eastern Oregon into Montana and onward toward the Canada–US border during the Nez Perce War. He led the Alpowai band of the Nez Perce, which included the communities of Asotin, Alpowa, and Sapachesap along the Clearwater River in Idaho. He inherited his name from his father, the prominent Nez Percé chief Apash Wyakaikt ("Flint Necklace") or Ippakness Wayhayken ("Looking Glass Around Neck") and was therefore called by the whites "Looking Glass".

paragraph: Section::::The Nez Perce War.

paragraph: Although he disliked white encroachments on his ancestral lands, Looking Glass opposed going to war with the United States over its plans to force all the Nez Perce onto the reduced Indian reservation assigned to them at Lapwai, Idaho. His village of about 140 people was already within the bounds of the reservation on the site of the present-day Kooskia National Fish Hatchery in Idaho. However, General Oliver Otis Howard believed reports that Looking Glass planned to join the Nez Perce led by Chief Joseph, who resisted moving to the reservation, and sent a military force of 66 men under Captain Stephen Whipple to arrest Looking Glass. Whipple and his men arrived at the village on July 1. After a random shot was fired by an unknown party, the soldiers opened fire on the village with Gatling guns. Looking Glass and most of his band escaped, but the village and property was destroyed by the soldiers.

paragraph: After the attack, Looking Glass and his followers joined Joseph's band, raising the total number of the group to about 800 men, women, and children. Looking Glass persuaded the others to flee eastwards across the Bitterroot Mountains, thus beginning a three-month, 1,400 mile (2,300 km) fighting retreat. Because of his experience, Looking Glass became perhaps the most important battle leader of the Nez Perce. His prestige, however, was diminished when he allowed the Nez Perce to be surprised by the U.S. army at the Battle of the Big Hole.

paragraph: Looking Glass encouraged the Nez Perce to travel east and seek sanctuary with the Crow nation in Montana. He had helped the Crow defeat the Dakota Sioux in a battle in 1874 and considered them friends. However, the Crow, fearing retaliation by the U.S. military, refused to grant the Nez Perce sanctuary. The Nez Perce, pursued by the army, then turned north to attempt reaching safety in Canada. However, on September 29, 1877, they were surrounded 40 miles short of Canada in the Bear Paw Mountains of Montana. After the five-day siege and the Battle of Bear Paw Chief Joseph proposed surrender. White Bird and Looking Glass opposed the surrender and they and their bands attempted to break through the siege and continue on to Canada and join the Lakota leader Sitting Bull. White Bird and 150 Nez Perce succeeded but Looking Glass was killed by a Cheyenne scout employed by the Army. Joseph's famous surrender speech later that same day, October 5, mentioned that Looking Glass was dead.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: On July 1, 2000, 123 years after the attack on Looking Glass's village, the Nez Perce dedicated a nature trail on the site, and three years later put up a commemorative marker. A fishing area three miles north of Florence, Montana was dedicated to him also, in 1971.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lafarge, Oliver. (MCMLVI). Crown Publishers Inc. Page 192.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- PBS The West: Looking Glass

description: Nez Percé War leader

wikidata_label: Looking Glass

wikipedia_title: Looking Glass (Native American leader)


text:
Nez Perce tribe
Salmon River
Dreamer
Smohalla
shaman
prophet
Chief Joseph
Oregon
Montana
Canada–US border
Nez Perce War
Nelson Miles
U.S. Army
Battle of Bear Paw
Havre
prisoners of war
Sitting Bull
Saskatchewan
Pincher Creek
Alberta
Stony Mountain Institution
White Bird
Idaho
White Bird Hill
Idaho County
Battle of White Bird Canyon
Sitting Bull
Chief Joseph
Nez Percé
White Bird
Idaho
Nez Perce National Historical Park

wikipedia_title:
Nez Perce people
Salmon River (Idaho)
Native American religion
Smohalla
Shamanism
Prophet
Chief Joseph
Oregon
Montana
Canada–United States border
Nez Perce War
Nelson A. Miles
United States Army
Battle of Bear Paw
Havre, Montana
Prisoner of war
Sitting Bull
Saskatchewan
Pincher Creek
Alberta
Stony Mountain Institution
White Bird, Idaho
Idaho
White Bird Hill Summit
Idaho County, Idaho
Battle of White Bird Canyon
Sitting Bull
Chief Joseph
Nez Perce people
White Bird, Idaho
Idaho
Nez Perce National Historical Park

categories: Murdered Native American people,Year of birth missing,Nez Perce War,Native American leaders,Nez Perce people,1892 deaths,Murder in 1892,1892 crimes,People murdered in Alberta,1890s murders in Canada

paragraph: White Bird (Native American leader)

paragraph: White Bird ("Peo-peo-hix-hiix", "piyóopiyo x̣ayx̣áyx̣" or more correctly "Peopeo Kiskiok Hihih" - "White Goose"), also referred to as White Pelican (died 1892), was leader, war chief and "tooat" (Shaman or Prophet) of the "Lamátta" or "Lamtáama" band of the Nez Perce tribe with the Lamata village along the Salmon River. His band and the village took its name from "Lahmatta" ("area with little snow"), by which White Bird Canyon was known to the Nez Perce.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Chief White Bird, like many of his people, was a Dreamer, a follower of the teachings of Smohalla, the Wanapam shaman and prophet. Alongside Chief Joseph, White Bird directed the 1877 withdrawal from eastern Oregon into Montana and ahead toward the Canada–US border during the Nez Perce War. White Bird's following was second in size to Joseph's but did not exceed 1000 men. White Bird and Joseph led the Nez Percé Indians until October 1877, when General Nelson Miles of the U.S. Army attacked them at Snake Creek at the Battle of Bear Paw, south of Havre, Montana. Following a five-day fight, Joseph and many of the fatigued band acknowledged a cessation of hostilities, surrendered to Miles, and became prisoners of war.

paragraph: White Bird refused to relinquish and left on the night of October 5. He effectively slipped through enemy lines with over a hundred of the band.

paragraph: Section::::Canada.

paragraph: In October 1877, about ninety adults and a great number of children led by White Bird arrived with some three hundred head of horses at Sitting Bull's camp in Saskatchewan. White Bird and his family settled in Pincher Creek, Alberta, area to live out their lives. The war chief never returned to the United States, choosing to stay in Canada at Pincher Creek. White Bird was murdered on March 6, 1892, by a fellow Nez Percé named Charley Hasenahamahkikt. The 22-year-old killer was captured and sent to the Stony Mountain Institution in Manitoba, Canada to serve a life sentence.

paragraph: Section::::Other facts.

paragraph: The town of White Bird, Idaho, and the adjacent White Bird Hill in Idaho County are named for the chief. The Battle of White Bird Canyon took place in this area in June 1877.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sitting Bull

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chief Joseph

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nez Percé

paragraph: BULLET::::- White Bird, Idaho

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- White Bird, u-s-history.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- White Bird Battlefield, Nez Perce National Historical Park

description: Native American leader

wikidata_label: White Bird

wikipedia_title: White Bird (Native American leader)


text:
Jacques Bainville
Henri Massis
Le Monde
Académie française
Prix Broquette-Gonin
Père-Lachaise Cemetery
Le Monde diplomatique

wikipedia_title:
Jacques Bainville
Henri Massis
Le Monde
Académie française
Prix Broquette-Gonin
Père Lachaise Cemetery
Le Monde diplomatique

categories: 20th-century French historians,French nationalists,20th-century French writers,Winners of the Prix Broquette-Gonin (literature),20th-century French essayists,1888 births,People from Somme (department),1978 deaths

paragraph: Maurice Vaussard

paragraph: Maurice Vaussard (8 September 1888 – 24 February 1978) was a 20th-century French writer and essayist.

paragraph: Author of numerous historical and political essays, a specialist in Italian history and the Christian Democrats, Maurice Vaussard was editor at the "" (of Jacques Bainville and Henri Massis) and at "Le Monde" from 1945 to 1972. He was awarded numerous prizes by the Académie française.

paragraph: Section::::Prizes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1922: Prix Bordin for "L’intelligence catholique dans l’Italie au XXe siècle"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926: Prix Montyon for "Sainte Marie-Madeleine de Pazzi (1566–1607)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951: Prix d’Académie for "Histoire de l’Italie contemporaine"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959: Prix Louis Barthou for ensemble de son œuvre

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962: Prix Broquette-Gonin (literature) for ensemble de son œuvre

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967: Prix du Rayonnement de la langue et de la littérature françaises

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974: Prix de l’Académie for ensemble de ses travaux historiques

paragraph: He is buried in the 29th division of the Père-Lachaise Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ilaria Biagioli, "Maurice Vaussard. Un cristiano e l'eresia nazionalista", in "Cattolicesimo e totalitarismo. Chiese e culture religiose tra le due guerre mondiali (Italia, Spagna, Francia)", a cura di Daniele Menozzi e Renato Moro, Brescia, Morcelliana, 2004.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nouvelles perspectives après l’ouverture à gauche" on Le Monde diplomatique

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maurice Vaussard, "Histoire de l'Italie contemporaine" (1870–1946) on Persée

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maurice Vaussard on the site of the Académie française

description: French writer and essayist

wikidata_label: Maurice Vaussard

wikipedia_title: Maurice Vaussard


text:
Queen consort
Ladislaus of Naples
Genoa
James I of Cyprus
Helvis of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
Louis II of Naples
Mary of Enghien

categories: Women of medieval Italy,1381 births,Italian people of Cypriot descent,Royal consorts of Naples,1404 deaths,People from Genoa

paragraph: Mary of Lusignan, Queen of Naples

paragraph: Mary of Lusignan (1381 - 4 September 1404) was the second wife but first Queen consort of King Ladislaus of Naples. She was born in Genoa.

paragraph: Mary was a daughter of James I of Cyprus and his Queen consort Helvis of Brunswick-Grubenhagen.

paragraph: On 12 February 1403, Mary married Ladislaus of Naples. He had divorced his previous wife, Constance of Clermont, in 1392 while struggling for the throne against Louis II of Naples. He had no legitimate heirs of his own.

paragraph: Mary died childless in Naples the following year. Ladislaus went on to marry Mary of Enghien.

description: Queen of Naples

wikidata_label: Mary of Lusignan, Queen of Naples

wikipedia_title: Mary of Lusignan, Queen of Naples


text:
architect
Benedict XIII
Naples
Benevento
Knight of the Golden Spur
Accademia di San Luca
Alessandro Specchi
Porto di Ripetta
Clement XI
Cardinal Niccolò Coscia
Clement XII
Trastevere
Santa Maria della Quercia
Palazzo Spada
Piazza Sant'Ignazio
Viterbo
Dominicans
Piazza di Pietra
Counter-Reformation
San Domenico
Santa Maria sopra Minerva
San Sisto Vecchio
Santa Maria Maggiore
San Giovanni in Laterano
S. Pietro in Vaticano
San Simeone Profeta
Santa Maria in Campitelli
Albano
Pier Leone Ghezzi
Trevi
Congregazione al Pantheon
Rome

categories: 1771 deaths,People from Naples,1680 births

paragraph: Filippo Raguzzini

paragraph: Filippo Raguzzini (19 July 1690 – 21 February 1771) was an Italian architect best known for a range of buildings constructed during the reign of Benedict XIII.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Raguzzini was born in Naples into a family of stonemasons. Little is known of his early history, but he was called to Benevento in the wake of the earthquake of 1702, which caused widespread destruction in the city. In Benevento, he came to the attention of Pietro Francesco Orsini, the then archbishop of Benevento for 38 years, who in 1724 became Benedict XIII. This encounter with Orsini would be of crucial significance for Raguzzini's later career. There is considerable scholarly debate about which works in Benevento should be attributed to Raguzzini's early period, but the chapel of San Gennaro in the church of the Annunziata (1710) is thought to be his work. Two later churches, San Filippo (1724–27) and San Bartolomeo (consecrated in 1729) in Benevento, are attributed to Raguzzini from the period after Benedict XIII's election.

paragraph: Once Benedict XIII was elected, Raguzzini moved to Rome and commenced a meteoric rise to the top of the papal architectural establishment. Official honours were lavished on him from as early as 1725, when he was made a Knight of the Golden Spur; in February 1727, he was elected an "accademico di merito" of the Accademia di San Luca. The pope's patronage saw Raguzzini ultimately serve in almost every major public architectural office in the city. The most significant posts he held were those in which he supplanted the much older and highly respected Roman architect, Alessandro Specchi, whose most important work, the Porto di Ripetta, had been executed in the reign of Clement XI: these roles were those of the architect of the "popolo romano" (essentially the city architect), the architect of the Tribunale delle acque e strade and the architect of the Sacri Palazzi Apostolici. Raguzzini held these offices from 1728, although they were nominally to be held by the incumbent for life. Specchi died in November 1729.

paragraph: Benedict XIII's reign was marked by financial mismanagement. Benedict himself practically vacated the temporal government of Rome and the Papal States, turning this over to Cardinal Niccolò Coscia who nearly bankrupted the State, and which ultimately led to the cardinal's temporary excommunication and imprisonment in the reign of Clement XII. As a result, few major architectural projects were started during Benedict's reign. The most significant projects executed in Rome by Raguzzini during Benedict's reign were the construction of the Ospedale di San Gallicano in Trastevere (1724 – 26), the erection of the church of Santa Maria della Quercia near the Palazzo Spada (1727 – 31) and the systematisation of Piazza Sant'Ignazio (1727 – 35).

paragraph: The construction of San Maria della Quercia, the church of the butchers’ guild ("Università dei macellai") of Rome, appears to have been sponsored by Benedict XIII. The church is named for a miraculous image housed at Viterbo in the care of the Dominicans and, as Dominican himself, Benedict seems to have taken a keen interest in the church. Although renovated, this church is a masterpiece of the style of the 1720s – 1730s and is one of the few early 18th century churches in Rome built from the ground up and designed by a single person.

paragraph: Piazza Sant'Ignazio, surrounded by an ensemble of five residential buildings for the growing administration class of the city, is characterised by its complex interplay of ovoid shapes and the ingenious theatre-wing like construction. People walking from the nearby Piazza di Pietra find themselves suddenly emerging in Piazza S. Ignazio into a confrontation with the church, as if they had stumbled in from offstage. Although the decorative effect of the buildings is an important component of their overall effect, the ensemble signifies a significant departure from the typical operative logic of the anteposed piazza. Raguzzini subtly undermines the supremacy of the church in the church/piazza relationship typical of Counter-Reformation urban planning, and invests the space of the piazza itself with considerable energy and intrigue: in this way, the church has become a pendant to the piazza, rather than the reason for the piazza's existence.

paragraph: Raguzzini's other projects at this time were small commissions, including the renovation of the chapels of the Presepio in the baptistery of San Domenico and the chapel of the Crucifix in the Dominican church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva (1724–1726); the restoration of the church and convent of San Sisto Vecchio near the Baths of Caracalla (completed 1727); minor works in the Sistine Chapel of Santa Maria Maggiore (1725), in San Giovanni in Laterano (1726) and in S. Pietro in Vaticano (1726); the restoration of the high altar in San Simeone Profeta (1724); the enlargement of the convent annexed to Santa Maria in Campitelli (1724) and many others. Outside Rome, Raguzzini was responsible for the building of the Casino Lercari in Albano.

paragraph: When Benedict his patron died in 1730, Raguzzini's fortunes took a turn for the worse, when the coterie of Beneventans brought to Rome by the pope were purged. According to the testimony of Pier Leone Ghezzi, Raguzzini was arrested in the piazza di Trevi on 4 September 1731 and held under house arrest as part of this purge. Although subsequently stripped of many of his official positions, Raguzzini regained many of them through legal action. He was named a virtuoso of the Congregazione al Pantheon in September 1749, which appears to indicate a measure of official rehabilitation. His output from the mid-1730s onward is very small, although his name is frequently encountered in official processes of the Tribunale delle strade. He died in Rome.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bruno Contardi and Giovanna Curcio (eds), "In urbe architectus: modelli, disegni, misure. La professione dell'architetto Roma 1680 - 1750" (Rome: Argos Edizioni, 1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nina Mallory, "Roman rococo architecture from Clement XI to Benedict XIV (1700–1758)" (New York: Garland Publishing, 1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mario Rotili, "Filippo Raguzzini e il rococò romano" (Rome: Fratelli Palombi, 1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mario Rotili, "Filippo Raguzzini del terzo centenario della nascità" (Naples: Società Editrice Napoletana, 1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph Connors, "Alliance and Enmity in Roman Baroque Urbanism" in Römisches Jahrbuch der Bibliotheca Hertziana, 25, 1989, "Piazza Sant'Ignazio," pp. 279-93

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daniela Stroffolino, "Benevento, città d'autore: Filippo Raguzzino e l'architettura del XVIII secolo" (Naples: Electa Napoli, 2006)

alias:
Filippo Ragozzini
Filippo Rauzzini

description: Italian architect

wikidata_label: Filippo Raguzzini

wikipedia_title: Filippo Raguzzini


text:
Queen of Naples
Hungary
Charles III of Naples
Ladislaus of Naples
Charles, Duke of Durazzo
Maria of Calabria
Capetian House of Anjou
Charles of Durazzo
Louis of Durazzo
John, Duke of Durazzo
Agnes de Périgord
Joanna I of Naples
James of Baux
Prince of Achaea
Angevin
Mary of Hungary
Louis I of Hungary
Elizabeth of Bosnia
Visegrád
Pope Urban VI
Kingdom of Naples
queen dowager
Pope Boniface IX
Angelo Acciaioli
Salerno
Acquamela
plague
Franciscan Third Order
Salerno Cathedral
Joanna II of Naples
Ladislaus of Naples

categories: Women of medieval Italy,People temporarily excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church,Royal consorts of Naples,1347 births,15th-century deaths from plague (disease),Burials at Salerno Cathedral,14th-century women rulers,Hungarian queens consort,House of Anjou-Durazzo,1412 deaths

paragraph: Margaret of Durazzo

paragraph: Margaret of Durazzo ( 28 July 1347 – 6 August 1412) was Queen of Naples and Hungary and Princess of Achaea as the spouse of Charles III of Naples. She was regent of Naples from 1386 until 1393 during the minority of her son Ladislaus of Naples.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: She was the fourth daughter of Charles, Duke of Durazzo (1323–1348), and Maria of Calabria, but the only one to have children; her legitimate line of descent, as well as the century-old Capetian House of Anjou, ended with her daughter.

paragraph: In February 1369, Margaret married her paternal first cousin Charles of Durazzo. He was a son of Louis of Durazzo, another son of John, Duke of Durazzo, and his second wife Agnes de Périgord. The bride was twenty-two years old and the groom twenty-four.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Queen.

paragraph: Charles managed to depose her maternal aunt Queen Joanna I of Naples in 1382. He succeeded her and Margaret became his queen consort. Charles succeeded James of Baux as Prince of Achaea in 1383 with Margaret still as his consort.

paragraph: By then becoming the senior Angevin male, Charles was offered the Crown of Hungary. Margaret did not support the idea of deposing Queen Mary of Hungary and discouraged her husband from doing so. Nonetheless, he successfully deposed Mary in December 1385 and had himself crowned. She was the daughter of his deceased cousin Louis I of Hungary and Elizabeth of Bosnia. However, Mary's formidable mother Elizabeth arranged his assassination at Visegrád on 24 February 1386.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Regent.

paragraph: In the meantime, relationships with Pope Urban VI became strained, as he suspected that Charles was plotting against him. In January 1385 he had six cardinals arrested, and one, under torture, revealed Charles' conjure. He thus excommunicated Charles and Margaret and raised an interdict over the Kingdom of Naples.

paragraph: Margaret became a queen dowager and the regent of Naples as the guardian of her minor son from 1386 until 1393. She survived her husband by twenty-six years but never remarried. Their son Ladislaus succeeded to the throne of the Kingdom of Naples while Mary of Hungary was restored to her throne. Margaret insisted that her husband's death be revenged and Elizabeth was murdered. The heads of her defenders were sent to console Margaret.

paragraph: Pope Boniface IX and Margarethe came to a peace agreement, her excommunication was lifted and with the help of Cardinal Angelo Acciaioli Margaret could continue to serve as regent until July 1393.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Later life.

paragraph: In the last years of her life, the queen dowager retired first to Salerno and then to Acquamela, where she died of plague in 1412. She had become a devout Catholic and a member of a Franciscan Third Order in her last years and requested to be buried as such; she was buried in white habit in Salerno Cathedral.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary of Durazzo (1369–1371).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joanna II of Naples (23 June 1373 – 2 February 1435)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ladislaus of Naples (11 February 1377 – 6 August 1414)

description: Queen of Naples and Hungary

wikidata_label: Margaret of Durazzo

wikipedia_title: Margaret of Durazzo


text:
Genghis Khan
Jalair
Great Khan
Mongol Empire
Jin China
Jalair
Borjigin
tumen
mingghan
Battle of Yehuling
Mongol conquest
Jurchen
Jin dynasty
Khwarezmid Empire
Hebei Province
Shandong Province
Shaanxi Province
Wei River
Shanxi Province
Henan Province
Subutai
Tolui
Great Khan
Tolui
Antong
Confucian
Yuan dynasty
Kublai Khan
Hulagu
Persia
Mollai
Jalayirid
Baghdad
Ilkhanate
Bo'orchu
Chinggis Square
Ulaanbaatar
Dorjeban

categories: 13th-century monarchs in Asia,1223 deaths,1170 births,Generals of the Mongol Empire

paragraph: Muqali

paragraph: Muqali (; 1170–1223), also spelt Mukhali and Mukhulai, was a Mongol slave ("bo'ol", "one who is bound" in service) who became a trusted and esteemed commander under Genghis Khan. The son of Gü'ün U'a, a Jalair leader who had sworn fealty to the Mongols, he became known by his epithet "Muqali", "the Darling", earned through his committed and able service to the Great Khan and the Mongol Empire. During the invasion of Jin China, Muqali acted as Genghis Khan's second-in-command, and was promoted to Viceroy of China, and was entrusted with a great degree of autonomy once Genghis Khan departed to conquer Central Asia. Unlike many Mongol leaders who were willing to massacre to gain any advantage, Muqali usually attempted to convert foes into friends by more conciliatory means, and change the Mongol image in China. By the time of Ogedei's reign (1229-1241), he was viewed as the best of the extraordinarily talented pool of Mongol generals. Given his undefeated record despite very limited resources, he is likely one of the greatest military commanders in history.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Muqali, third son of Gü'ün U'a, was born into the 'White' clan of the Jalair tribe, who had been the hereditary serfs of the Borjigin Mongols. Originally associated with the Jurkin branch of the Borjigin, Muqali's father and uncles pledged allegiance to Genghis Khan when he defeated the Jurkin in 1197. Gü'ün U'a offered his son Muqali to Genghis as a personal slave ("emčü bo'ol"). Genghis rewarded the defiant Muqali for his integrity and wisdom, and afterwards was a loyal companion.

paragraph: During the coronation of Genghis Khan, which seems to have been a royalist invention Muqali was given the command of the third tumen and control over the eastern mingghans. In 1211, he played a primary role in the Battle of Yehuling, the decisive battle in the first stage of the Mongol conquest of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in northern China.

paragraph: After Genghis Khan decided to go to war with the Khwarezmid Empire, he gave control of all Mongol forces to Muqali and gave him the title of King, a largely ceremonial title. Despite Genghis Khan having most of the main Mongol forces taken away and sent to the West, Muqali was able to subdue most of northern China with his small force of around 20,000 Mongols, although some historians give figures of between 40,000 and 70,000 men to account for his foreign auxilaries.

paragraph: In 1217, Muqali attacked Hebei Province as well as northern Shandong Province and northern Shaanxi Province. This was an important agricultural area, which Muqali had largely subdued by 1219. In 1220, Muqali turned his attention to the rest of Shandong Province; four towns were captured, but the hard-pressed Jin forces managed to hold on elsewhere in the province. After suffering a number of devastating defeats by Muqali in the field, the Jin learned that they could only hope to resist him by holding their cities and outlasting Muqali's staying power.

paragraph: Muqali's last campaign began in 1222. He crossed the Wei River and attacked south, capturing towns that had already been plundered by a previous Mongol general – Samuqa, who probably in general destroyed urban cities without hesitation or terms of surrender and may have plundered and killed in those he may have for reasons of rest or liberty decided to leave, he apparently was also known as Jamuqa or Jamukha was the anda blood brother of Chinngis Khan and fought under the bright red banner of Jamukha. Meanwhile, the Jin forces launched a counter-attack in Shanxi Province. Muqali swiftly raced to the area; the Jin forces fled without giving battle. Besieging another town, Muqali became seriously ill and died shortly thereafter in 1223. On his deathbed, Muqali declared with pride that he had never been defeated.

paragraph: After his death, Genghis Khan gave command to Muqali's son, Bol. In seven years of campaigning in northern China, he had reduced the Jin dynasty's territories to only Henan Province. He had proven himself to be an excellent general who was indefeatigable in his efforts to serve Genghis Khan. His extraordinary tenure was demonstrated by the inefficacy of other Mongol generals who failed to make any headway in China after his death. By the time of Ogedei's ascension in 1229, the Mongol detachments in China had suffered numerous setbacks, which led to a mini-revival of Jin fortunes until Subutai and Tolui were dispatched with the main Mongol army in 1232.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: After his death, descendants of Mukhali served the Great Khan of the Mongols, especially those of the Toluid lineage. A few of his descendants, such as Antong and Baiju, later became prominent officials in the Confucian fashion of the Yuan dynasty founded by Genghis Khan's grandson, Kublai Khan.

paragraph: Retainers of the Toluid Hulagu participated in the conquest of Persia, then called Mollai, and later founded the Jalayirid Dynasty which ruled from Baghdad after the collapse of the Hulaguid Ilkhanate.

paragraph: A statue of Muqali, together with Bo'orchu, flanks the statue of Genghis Khan in Chinggis Square in Ulaanbaatar.

paragraph: Section::::Descendant.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dorjeban

alias: Mukhali Mukhulai Muquli Muhuali Zhongwu Muqari

description: Mongol general

wikidata_label: Muqali

wikipedia_title: Muqali


text:
Norse mythology
Swedish
Old Norse
House of Yngling
Domalde
Dan
Ríg
Domalde
Uppsala
Fyrisvellir
Dyggvi
Snorri Sturluson
Ynglinga saga
Old Norse
Ynglingatal
Historia Norwegiæ
Íslendingabók
Dyggvi
D. S. Brewer
Ynglingatal
Ynglinga saga
Heimskringla
Historia Norwegiae

paragraph: Domar

paragraph: In Norse mythology, the Swedish king Domar (Old Norse "Dómarr", "Judge") of the House of Ynglings was the son of Domalde. He was married to Drott, the sister of Dan the Arrogant who gave his names to the Danes. Drott and Dan are in this work said to be the children of Danp son of Ríg.

paragraph: His rule lasted long and after the sacrifice of his father Domalde, the crops were plentiful and peace reigned. Consequently, there is not much to tell about his reign, and when he died at Uppsala, he was transported over the Fyris Wolds (Fyrisvellir) and burnt on the banks of the river, where a stone was raised over his ashes.

paragraph: He was succeeded by his son Dyggvi.

paragraph: Section::::Attestations.

paragraph: Snorri Sturluson wrote of Domar in his "Ynglinga saga" (1225):

paragraph: The information about Domar's marriage appears after Snorri has presented Domar's son Dyggvi (Danish tongue refers to the Old Norse language as a whole and not only to the dialect of Denmark):

paragraph: As for Domar, Snorri included a piece from "Ynglingatal" (9th century):

paragraph: The "Historia Norwegiæ" presents a Latin summary of "Ynglingatal", older than Snorri's quotation:

paragraph: The even earlier source "Íslendingabók" cites the line of descent in "Ynglingatal" and also gives Dómarr as the successor of Dómaldr and the predecessor of Dyggvi: "viii Dómaldr. ix Dómarr. x Dyggvi".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- McKinnell, John (2005). "Meeting the Other in Norse Myth and Legend". D. S. Brewer.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ynglingatal"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ynglinga saga" (part of the "Heimskringla")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Historia Norwegiae"

alias: Dómarr Domarr

description: mythological Swedish king

wikidata_label: Domar

wikipedia_title: Domar


text:
Norse mythology
Old Norse
Swedish
House of Yngling
Snorri Sturluson
Visbur
temple at Uppsala
Gamla Uppsala
Thing of all Swedes
Blót
Domar
Snorri Sturluson
Ynglinga saga
Ynglingatal
Heimskringla
Historia Norwegiæ
Íslendingabók
Dómarr
DS Brewer
Ynglingatal
Ynglinga saga
Heimskringla
Historia Norwegiae

paragraph: Domalde

paragraph: In Norse mythology, Domalde, "Dómaldi" or "Dómaldr" (Old Norse possibly "Power to Judge") was a Swedish king of the House of Ynglings, cursed by his stepmother, according to Snorri Sturluson, with "ósgæssa", "ill-luck". He was the son of Visbur.

paragraph: Section::::Attestations.

paragraph: The luck of the king is the luck of the land, and Domalde's rule was marked by bad crops and starvation. The first autumn, the Swedes sacrificed oxen at the temple at Uppsala, but the next harvest was not better. The second autumn, they sacrificed men, but the following crops were even worse.

paragraph: The third year many Swedes arrived at Gamla Uppsala at the Thing of all Swedes and the chiefs decided they had to sacrifice the king. They sprinkled the statues of the gods with his blood (see Blót) and the good harvests returned.

paragraph: He was succeeded by his son Domar whose reign was prosperous.

paragraph: Snorri Sturluson wrote of Domalde in his "Ynglinga saga" (1225):

paragraph: Snorri included a piece from "Ynglingatal" (9th century) in his account in the "Heimskringla":

paragraph: The even earlier source "Íslendingabók" cites the line of descent in "Ynglingatal" and also gives Dómaldr as the successor of Visburr and the predecessor of Dómarr: "vii Visburr. viii Dómaldr. ix Dómarr".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- McKinnell, John (2005). "Meeting the Other in Norse Myth and Legend". DS Brewer.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ynglingatal"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Historia Norwegiae"

alias: Dómaldi Domaldi

description: mythological Swedish king

wikidata_label: Domalde

wikipedia_title: Domalde


text:
Scaliger
Verona
Imperial vicar
Ostiglia
podestà
Cerea
Mastino I (Leonardo)
Alberto I

categories: Scaliger family,12th-century births,1215 deaths

paragraph: Jacopino della Scala

paragraph: Jacopino della Scala (died 1215), an Italian merchant and politician, was a member of the Scaliger family of future lords of Verona.

paragraph: Initially he worked as wool trader, not rich and without any noble title. However, his friendship network and political skills granted him the title of Imperial vicar at Ostiglia, and "podestà" of Cerea.

paragraph: He was the father of Mastino I (Leonardo), Alberto I, Manfredo and Bocca della Scala.

description: Italian merchant and politician

wikidata_label: Jacopino della Scala

wikipedia_title: Jacopino della Scala


text:
graffiti
Byam Shaw School of Art
Lisbon
Banksy
Cans Festival
The Times
Steve Lazarides
Magda Danysz Gallery
Fremantle's
Fremantle Street Arts Festival
Norfolk Hotel
Dorothy Tangney
Luxembourg Freeport
Beijing
Magda Danysz Gallery
Magda Danysz Gallery
Magda Danysz Gallery
Vhils aka Alexandre Farto
Vhils selected images
Vhils Interview
Vhils on Magda Danysz Gallery

paragraph: Vhils

paragraph: Vhils (born 1987) is the tag name of Portuguese graffiti/street artist Alexandre Manuel Dias Farto.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Alexandre Farto was born in Portugal in 1987. He studied at the Byam Shaw School of Art in London. Vhils lives and works in London and Lisbon. He gained prominence when his work of a face carved into a wall appeared alongside a picture by street artist Banksy at the Cans Festival in London in 2008. A photograph of him creating the work appeared on the front page of "The Times".

paragraph: He was later given space to show his work by Banksy's agent, Steve Lazarides. Several of his works were published in 2008. He is also shown by Vera Cortes and the Magda Danysz Gallery.

paragraph: During Fremantle's 2013 Fremantle Street Arts Festival, the Norfolk Hotel was decorated with an original image of the first Australian female senator. The image of Dame Dorothy Tangney DBE was created by Vhils and his assistants.

paragraph: Luxembourg Freeport, an art storage facility opened in 2014, includes a large mural by Vhils, etched into one of the atrium concrete walls.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Solo shows.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017, Vhils X CAFA Museum - Pékin, Beijing

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015, Dissonance, Lazarides, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014, Vestiges, Magda Danysz Gallery, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012, Entropy, Magda Danysz Gallery, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012, Vera Cortes, Lisbon

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012, Visceral, Magda Danysz Gallery, Shanghai

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009, Scratching the surface, Lazarides, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008, Even if you win the rat race

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://www.lazinc.com/usr/documents/exhibitions/press_release_url/610/alexandre-farto-aka-vhils-dissonance-press.pdf

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20090315052045/http://lazinc.com/artists/vhils/

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.art2bank.com/london_art_news/featured-galleries/vhils-in-under-a-red-sky-at-st.php

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20120523065604/http://streetartparis.org/blog/2012/05/20/vhils-aka-alexandre-farko-hits-le-m-u-r-association-modulable-urbain-reactif-in-oberkampf-paris/

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vhils aka Alexandre Farto on Lazinc

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vhils selected images on Art Days

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vhils Interview on Stencil Revolution

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vhils on Magda Danysz Gallery

description: Portuguese painter

wikidata_label: Vhils

wikipedia_title: Vhils


text:
Czech
ice hockey
goaltender
Örebro HK
Swedish Hockey League
Severstal Cherepovets
Avangard Omsk
Kontinental Hockey League
Czech Extraliga
HC Slavia Praha

categories: Severstal Cherepovets players,Olympic ice hockey players of the Czech Republic,Ice hockey goaltenders,HC Slavia Praha players,1990 births,Avangard Omsk players,Ice hockey players at the 2018 Winter Olympics,Czech ice hockey players,Living people

paragraph: Dominik Furch

paragraph: Dominik Furch (born April 19, 1990) is a Czech professional ice hockey goaltender who currently plays under contract with Örebro HK of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL)

paragraph: He was previously under contract with Severstal Cherepovets and Avangard Omsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) and has played in the Czech Extraliga with HC Slavia Praha.

paragraph: On 2 May 2019, Furch signed his first contract in Sweden as a free agent, agreeing to a one-year deal with Örebro HK of the SHL.

description: Czech ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Dominik Furch

wikipedia_title: Dominik Furch


text: United States Department of the Army

text: Eisenhower Administration

text: University of Michigan

text: musical

text: Rotary Club

text: Grand Rapids, Michigan

text: President of the United States

text: Dwight D. Eisenhower

categories: United States Army civilians,Year of birth missing,1982 deaths

paragraph: George H. Roderick

paragraph: George H. Roderick (Died 1982) was an official in the United States Department of the Army during the Eisenhower Administration.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Roderick was educated at the University of Michigan, where he wrote the music for the 1920 college musical.

paragraph: In the 1950s, Roderick was active in the Rotary Club in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

paragraph: In 1954, President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed Roderick Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller), with Roderick serving in this post from February 9, 1954 until August 25, 1954. Eisenhower then named Roderick Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil-Military Affairs), and Roderick held this office from August 26, 1954 until February 29, 1957. In 1957, Roderick resumed his former office of Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller), holding this office from March 1, 1957 until January 20, 1961.

description: American government official

wikidata_label: George H. Roderick

wikipedia_title: George H. Roderick


text: conductor

text: opera

text: Kalamazoo, Michigan

text: piano

text: Curtis Institute

text: Juilliard School

text: New York City Opera

text: Metropolitan Opera

text: Gian Carlo Menotti

text: Samuel Barber

text: child actor

text: Chet Allen

text: Amahl and the Night Visitors

text: United States

text: Europe

text: Metropolitan Opera

text: La Scala

text: Italy

text: Spoleto

text: New York Philharmonic

text: Chicago Symphony Orchestra

text: Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra

text: Max Rudolf

text: lung cancer

text: Lucia di Lammermoor

text: Gaetano Donizetti

text: Beverly Sills

text: Carlo Bergonzi

text: glass harmonica

text: mad scene

text: EMI

text: Shirley Verrett

text: Justino Díaz

text: Harry Theyard

text: Delta Omicron

text: homosexual

text: Michael Grace Phipps

text: John Louis DiGaetani

text: Leonard Bernstein

categories: People from Kalamazoo, Michigan,Classical musicians from Michigan,20th-century organists,American people of Dutch descent,American male conductors (music),Male organists,1930 births,Deaths from cancer in New York (state),Juilliard School alumni,20th-century American musicians,Curtis Institute of Music alumni,LGBT musicians from the United States,American organists,20th-century American conductors (music),1977 deaths,LGBT people from Michigan,Deaths from lung cancer

paragraph: Thomas Schippers

paragraph: Thomas Schippers (9 March 1930 – 16 December 1977) was an American conductor. He was highly regarded for his work in opera.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Of Dutch ancestry and son of the owner of a large appliance store, Schippers was born in Kalamazoo, Michigan. He began playing piano at age four. After graduating from high school at age 13, he attended the Curtis Institute and the Juilliard School.

paragraph: Schippers made his debut at the New York City Opera at age twenty-one, and the Metropolitan Opera at twenty-five. He conducted world premieres of now well-known music by Gian Carlo Menotti and Samuel Barber. He conducted child actor Chet Allen in a theatrical version of Menotti's "Amahl and the Night Visitors". Schippers conducted in all the major opera houses of the United States and Europe, most notably the Metropolitan Opera and La Scala, and founded Italy's Spoleto festival with Menotti and once described his perfect orchestra as being composed of « one-third Italian musicians for their line, one-third Jewish for their sound, a sprinkling of Germans for solidity ».

paragraph: Schippers was a regular conductor with the New York Philharmonic and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, and made recordings with them as well, but in 1970 he finally took a full-time orchestral position with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, succeeding his predecessor at the Metropolitan Opera, Max Rudolf. After making several recordings with them and building the orchestra's international reputation, his career was cut short by his death from lung cancer at 47 in 1977 in New York City, New York.

paragraph: During the 1970s, he was appointed principal conductor of l'Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia but conducted only one concert with the orchestra (in May 1976, including Ravel's "Ma Mère l'Oye" suite). He made many opera recordings in his time, and live recordings of his performances are gradually being made available on CD. His 1971 studio recording of "Lucia di Lammermoor" by Gaetano Donizetti with Beverly Sills and Carlo Bergonzi was the first recording in which the glass harmonica was used in the mad scene. In 1974, he recorded, for EMI, "The Siege of Corinth", with Sills, Shirley Verrett, Justino Díaz, and Harry Theyard. His 1964 recording (Decca) of Verdi's "Macbeth" with the Santa Cecilia Orchestra was noted for his dramatic approach.

paragraph: He was a National Patron of Delta Omicron, an international professional music fraternity.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Though he was homosexual, Schippers married Elaine Lane "Nonie" Phipps (1939–1973) in 1965. An heiress to the Grace shipping fortune and a daughter of the noted American polo player Michael Grace Phipps, she died of cancer in 1973. Schippers died of the same disease four years later.

paragraph: According to professor, writer and opera scholar John Louis DiGaetani, Schippers had a long-term romantic relationship with Menotti and a shorter one with mathematician Sean Clarke. One of Leonard Bernstein's biographers claims that Schippers and Bernstein were also intimately involved.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Discography of Schippers' opera recordings

description: American conductor

wikidata_label: Thomas Schippers

wikipedia_title: Thomas Schippers


text:
British
Spanish
Philippines
Ilocano
state
Roman Catholic Church
Itneg
Gabriela Cariño
Aringay
Pangasinan
Caba
La Union
Ilocano
Pangasinense
Vigan
Ilocos Sur
Seven Years' War
British occupation of the Philippines
Itneg
mestiza
Gardo Versoza
Bayani
JC Tiuseco
Indio

categories: People from Pangasinan,1763 deaths,Paramilitary Filipinos,People of Spanish colonial Philippines,British invasion of Manila,1730 births

paragraph: Diego Silang

paragraph: Diego Silang (): December 16, 1730 – May 28, 1763) was a Filipino revolutionary leader who conspired with British forces to overthrow Spanish rule in the northern Philippines and establish an independent Ilocano state. His revolt was fueled by grievances stemming from Spanish taxation and abuses, and by his belief in self-government, that the administration and leadership of the Roman Catholic Church and government in the Ilocos be invested in trained Ilocano officials. He met an Itneg woman with the name of Gabriela Cariño. He married her and raised a family in the Ilocos Province.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born in Aringay, Pangasinan (an area in present-day Caba or Aringay, La Union), Silang's mother was Ilocano; his father was Pangasinense. He was baptized on January 7, 1731 in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. There, young Diego worked as a messenger for a local Castilian priest. Bright, passionate, and fluent in Spanish, he ferried correspondence from the Ilocos to Manila; journeys that gave him his first glimpse of colonial injustice and that planted the seed of rebellion.

paragraph: Section::::Revolt.

paragraph: Spain allied with France during the Seven Years' War, in opposition to Great Britain. The British in response sought to diminish the Spanish Empire. The seizure of Manila by British naval forces in October 1762, and the subsequent surrender of the Spanish Philippines to Britain during the British occupation of the Philippines, inspired uprisings in the farthest north of Ilocos Norte and Cagayan, where anti-Spanish sentiments festered. Though Silang initially wanted to replace Spanish functionaries in the Ilocos with native-born officials and volunteered to head Ilocano forces against the British, desperate Spanish administrators instead transferred their powers to the Catholic Bishop of Nueva Segovia (Vigan), who rejected Silang's offer. Silang's group attacked the city and imprisoned its priests. He then began an association with the British who appointed him governor of the Ilocos on their behalf and promised him military reinforcement. The British force never materialized.

paragraph: Section::::Assassination.

paragraph: Diego Silang was killed by one of his friends, a Spanish-Ilocano mestizo named Miguel Vicos, whom church authorities paid to assassinate Silang with the help of Pedro Becbec. He was 32 years old.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: After Silang's death, his Spanish-Itneg mestiza wife, Gabriela Silang, took command of the revolt and fought courageously. The Spanish sent a strong force against her. She was forced to retreat to Abra. Gabriela led her troops towards Vigan but was driven back. She fled again to Abra, where she was captured. Gabriela and her men were summarily hanged on September 20, 1763; she being hanged the last.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Gardo Versoza in the 1999 TV Series "Bayani" in this episode "Diego Silang: Ang Sulat".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by JC Tiuseco in the 2013 TV series, "Indio".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rebecca Ramilo Ongsotto, Reena R. Ongsotto: "Philippine History Module-based Learning". Rex Bookstore Inc, 2. Auflage 2003, , p. 109 ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- C. Duka: "Struggle for Freedom". Rex Bookstore Inc, 2008, , p. 103 ()

description: Filipino insurgent leader

wikidata_label: Diego Silang

wikipedia_title: Diego Silang


text:
Friedrick Konig
Frederick
Bank of England
Frederick Huth & Company
Frederick Huth Jackson
British Overseas Bank
Carlton Club
Bournemouth
Nina Campbell

categories: Konig family,British bankers,1870 births,Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom,1949 deaths,American people of German descent,American expatriates in England,American bankers

paragraph: Hans Henry Konig

paragraph: Hans Henry Konig (1870 - 19 October, 1949) was an American banker of German ancestry, who became a naturalised British citizen and was a partner in two British banks in the early twentieth century.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Hans Konig was born in 1870, the third of three sons of Friedrick Konig (1826-1905) and Alette, daughter of Johannes Houtuyn Cramer. His father had made a fortune from patenting a process for the hardening of rubber. Konig's brother, Frederick, moved to Britain in around 1890 and Hans may have arrived in Britain at the same time. In 1902, Konig became a naturalised British citizen at which time he was resident at 51 South Street, Park Lane, London.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Konig was a partner with his brother Frederick in the banking firm of Konig Brothers in London. In 1923, at the behest of the governor of the Bank of England, the firm merged with Frederick Huth & Company which had been in an increasingly parlous state since the death of Frederick Huth Jackson in 1921. Hans Konig became a partner in the merged firm. According to "The London Gazette", Konig spent much of his career resident in France. In 1936, Frederick Huth & Company was transferred to the British Overseas Bank. and it is likely that Hans Konig retired at that time.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: As far as is known, Konig never married and left no descendants. He was a member of the Carlton Club and the Wellington Club. In 1913 he was resident at Ardenrun, Blindley Heath, Surrey.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Konig died in Bournemouth on 19 October 1949. Probate was granted to his nephew Marcus Louis de Chappuis and a solicitor for effects of £200 in England.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nina Campbell

wikidata_label: Hans Henry Konig

wikipedia_title: Hans Henry Konig