text:
Safar
AH
Sufi
Warangal
Hyderabad State
Kazipet
Hyderabad, India
Kazi
Nizam Ali Khan
dargah
Telangana
Jagirdar
Haveli
Bolaram
Secunderabad
Padmashali
Hanamakonda
Eid prayer
Marifat
Tariqat
Zikar-e-Qalbi
khilafat
Quran
Hadith
urs
Safar
Islamic calendar
India
Dargah Location

categories: Sufi mystics,Indian Sufi saints,1795 births

paragraph: Shah Afzal Biabani

paragraph: Syed Shah Afzal Biabani (1795 – 1856 A.D / 1210 – 26 Safar, 1272 AH) was a Sufi from Warangal, Hyderabad State (now Kazipet 132 km from Hyderabad, India). He was appointed as Kazi of Warangal during the reign of Nizam Ali Khan (Asaf Jah II). His dargah is among the pilgrimage centers of Warangal, Telangana.

paragraph: The word "Biabani" is a plural of Urdu & Persian word "Biaban" which means soonsan (in Urdu) and uninhabited place in English. He received this nickname because he spent 12 years in Tasawwuf (a form of Sufi meditation) in the caves located in the forest of Battupalli near Kazipet.

paragraph: Section::::Saint By Birth.

paragraph: Afzal Biabani was a saint (Vali Allah) by birth. His mother said that there was something extraordinary in him right from the childhood. Some miraculous incidents were manifested even in his childhood. Once at the residence of her brother, Syed Murtuza Hussaini at Qutbi guda, Hyderabad, playing with children of his age (4 to 5 years old) in the courtyard, he dug a small pit (well), like the other children. But to their astonishment water was found in the pit dug by him, whereas the other pits were dry. His maternal uncle said that Afzal Biabani would become a saint and a man of miracles in future by the grace of Allah.

paragraph: Section::::Sainthood.

paragraph: Although he was the Qazi of Warangal district and Jagirdar of Kazipet village, he was averse to the life of a feudal Lord and refused to live in the Haveli. He preferred to live in a hut like any other poor man. His mother objected to it. She was of the opinion that he had to maintain the dignity of his social position. He politely convinced her and made the way clear to reside in a hut. This reflected his desire to break the barriers between the life of the master and a servant. He willingly opted for the dress, the food and lifestyle of a poor man.

paragraph: Section::::Soldiers as disciples.

paragraph: Haji Mohibullah Khan Saheb from Delhi and Namdar Khan Saheb, a servant in the army at Bolaram in Secunderabad, wished to join the circle Afzal Biabani as disciples. When they went to his hut at Kazipet, they were informed that he was in the hut of a Hindu weaver (Padmashali) who was his immediate neighbour and friend, when they found the great Sufi resting his head on a stone and sleeping on the ground. The eagerness of the Sufi-saint to live closer to the hearts of the people shows nothing except his willingness to share their joys and sorrows as members of one family and thus strengthen the integrated setting of the society.

paragraph: Section::::Serving as an Imam.

paragraph: Some members of the army contingent stationed at Hanamakonda waited upon the Qazi Saheb Afzal Biabani and requested him to lead them in Eid prayer at Hanamakonda. They brought a horse for his ride. He asked for two more horses for his friends. People were taken aback to see that those friends were the Hindu weavers riding along with him. He wanted to share the joys of Eid with his Hindu neighbours.

paragraph: Section::::Teachings.

paragraph: Afzal Biabani used to teach his disciples high morals like simplicity, social equality and to serve people irrespective of their caste, creed, language, religion and region. For this reason lots of people belonging to different religions are devotees and followers.

paragraph: Thus he proved himself to be a symbol of national integration, communal harmony, social justice and protector of human rights.

paragraph: Even today, his shrine (Dargah) at Kazipet is much thronged and revered by Muslims, Hindus, Christians and Sikhs alike.

paragraph: It is observed that most of the Hindu families of Kazipet and neighbouring villages bring the bride and bride-groom to this shrine (Dargah) immediately after the marriage to get the blessings for the newly married couple before they get to their homes.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: His father was Syed Shah Ghulam Mohiuddin Biabani and mother Qasim Bibi Saheba. Mir Qurban Ali, the then Collector of Warangal suba was his father-in-law.

paragraph: Section::::Family.:Family Tree of Sufi Masters.

paragraph: An indispensable element in Sufi organization is the spiritual master or Murshid, around whom disciples gather and from whom disciples receive the initiation (baiat) which, through a long chain (silsila), is ultimately derived from Mohammad himself. The family tree of Sufi masters, from the earliest times to the present day, is replete with examples of outstanding holiness. The names of these saints have been given to those ‘branches’ of the tree over which their particular radiance shines. These branches are known as turuq (singular tariqa = path), and are indeed so many paths to haqiqa, the inward, divine reality or in other words, to Allah himself.

paragraph: The first great Sufi order to appear in the form in which turuq are now known was the Qadiri tariqa, which took its name from its illustrious founder, the Shaikh Abdal Qadir al Jilani (1078–1166 A.D.).

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Shaha Afzal received primary education from his father, he learned Marifat, Tariqat and Zikar-e-Qalbi from his father and received khilafat (spiritual succession) from him.

paragraph: He learned Quran and Hadith from the Sufi of Fort Warangal Ht Faqirullah Shah.

paragraph: Section::::Dargah.

paragraph: His shrine (Dargah) at Kazipet is 2 km from Kazipet Railway Station in Warangal District, which is famous worldwide. People come from all parts of the world and from all religions to attend the urs celebrations every year. These celebrations are held for 3 days beginning on 26, Safar (second month of the Islamic calendar), every year. they are attended by the large masses from India as well from abroad.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dargah Location

description: Indian mystic

wikidata_label: Syed Shah Afzal Biabani

wikipedia_title: Shah Afzal Biabani


text: Richmond County, Virginia

text: Virginia House of Delegates

text: Senate of Virginia

text: John Tayloe II

text: John Tayloe I

text: gentry

text: entrepreneurship

text: John Tayloe II

text: George Plater

text: Francis Lightfoot Lee

text: Edward Lloyd IV

text: Mann Page

text: Lawrence Washington

text: George Washington

text: The Octagon House

text: John Tayloe I

text: Eton

text: St John's College, Cambridge

text: Occoquan

text: Neabsco Iron Works

text: Prince William County, Virginia

text: Mount Airy

text: American Revolution

text: Federalist Party

text: George Washington

text: the Octagon House

text: Washington, D. C.

text: William Thornton

text: U.S. Capitol

text: William Meade

text: Western Pennsylvania

text: Whiskey Rebellion

text: John Adams

text: War of 1812

text: Washington Jockey Club

text: Charles Carnan Ridgely

text: Eisenhower Executive Office Building

text: Charles Carnan Ridgely

text: John Peter Van Ness

text: William Thornton

text: G.W. P. Custis

text: Georgetown

text: George Calvert

text: Riversdale

text: Henry Augustine Tayloe

text: Fair Grounds Race Course

text: Bernard de Marigny

text: Diomed

text: Sir Archy

text: Boston (horse)

text: Timoleon (horse)

text: Lexington

text: Secretariat

text: American Pharoah

text: Provincial

text: Maryland Governor

text: Benjamin Ogle

text: "Belair"

text: Samuel Ogle

text: Proprietary Governor

text: The Octagon House

text: Uriah Forrest

text: USS Constitution

text: War of 1812

text: Tudor Hall

text: Francis Scott Key

text: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe

text: Rome, Italy

text: Troy, New York

text: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe House

text: Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.

text: Madisons

text: Mount Airy

text: William Henry Tayloe

text: Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)

text: Belair

text: Barcelona, Spain

text: Edward Thornton Tayloe

text: Powhatan

text: King George County, Virginia

text: George Plater Tayloe

text: Colonel William C. Langhorne

text: Botetourt County, Virginia

text: Buena Vista

text: Roanoke, Virginia

text: Washington D.C.

text: Sabine Hall (Warsaw, Virginia)

text: John Tayloe II

text: Henry Augustine Tayloe

text: Alabama

text: Gallion, Alabama

text: King George County, Virginia

text: Baltimore, Maryland

text: Baltimore, Maryland

text: Henry Howell Lewis

text: Confederate States Navy

text: George Washington

categories: People educated at Eton College,1828 deaths,Businesspeople from Virginia,Alumni of the University of Oxford,People from Richmond County, Virginia,18th-century American businesspeople,Members of the Virginia House of Delegates,Tayloe family of Virginia,Virginia state senators,1770 births

paragraph: John Tayloe III

paragraph: Hon. John Tayloe III (September 2, 1770March 23, 1828), of Richmond County, Virginia, was prominent in business, government, and social circles. A highly successful plantation owner and turfsman-leader in his day-he took an active part in public affairs and was considered the "Wealthiest man of his day". A military officer, he also served in the Virginia House of Delegates and Senate of Virginia for nine years. The Tayloe family of Richmond County, including John Tayloe III, his father, John Tayloe II, and grandfather, John Tayloe I, exemplified gentry entrepreneurship.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Tayloe was born September 2, or September 13, 1770. He was the son of John Tayloe II, and Rebecca Plater Tayloe; uncles on his mother’s side included George Plater and brother-in-law of Edward Lloyd III, uncles on his farher’s side include Francis Lightfoot Lee, Edward Lloyd IV, Mann Page and Lawrence Washington brother of George Washington who later influenced his building of The Octagon House. His paternal grandfather was John Tayloe I. Of the nine children in the family, a twin brother did not survive more than a few days, and two sisters died while babies. All of his remaining siblings were girls. Before going away to school in England, Tayloe learned patriotism from his father. He was educated at Eton and St John's College, Cambridge.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After returning home from England, he was ready to administer his estate for the benefit of the country as well as his own family. As he was the only surviving son, after his father's death in 1779, Tayloe was named in his father's will to receive most of his father's slaves, personal property, land and business interests. When his inheritance was turned over to him, the income was US$60,000; within a few years, he increased this to US$75,000. He owned or purchased Gwinfield in Essex County; Douge, Hopyard, and Oaken Brow in King George County; Deep Hole, Neabsco, and Windsor in Prince William County; Doctor's Hall, Forkland, Marske, Menokin, Mount Airy, and Old House in Richmond County, and Nanjemoy in Charles County, Md.

paragraph: His father's iron- and shipbuilding interests were conserved and enlarged by Tayloe. His master shipbuilder at Occoquan was his slave, Reuben. Of Tayloe's other slaves, he reportedly sold 50 of them, mostly young girls, during the period of 1809 through 1828. In addition to shipbuilding at Neabsco Iron Works, Tayloe had other dealings in Prince William County, Virginia. In 1814, he purchased lots in Occoquan, and on the one that fronted Mill Street, he built the Occoquan Hotel. He served as a county postmaster for a time, and his stagecoach lines stopped in Occoquan, giving passengers a chance to disembark here.

paragraph: During his residence at his summer home, "Mount Airy", the mansion was enlarged, having originally been built by his father. Among his guests were men of the American Revolution. Tayloe was a member of the Federalist Party, and he was a personal friend of General George Washington. He built the Octagon House in Washington, D. C. in 1799, residing there in the winter. The Octagon was designed by Dr. William Thornton, the first architect of the U.S. Capitol. While a resident of Washington, he helped organize St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square in 1814, served as a trustee in 1816 during its construction and upon completion served on the vestry and donated to the parish a communion service of silver, which Bishop William Meade, in his work on the old Churches of Virginia, says had been purchased by Col. Tayloe at a sale of the effects of the Lunenburg Parish Church in Richmond County, VA., to prevent its desecration for secular use.

paragraph: As Captain of Dragoons, he went to Western Pennsylvania, to help put down the Whiskey Rebellion. In 1799, he was appointed Major of Light Dragoons, U. S. A. by President John Adams. When General Washington wrote to Tayloe a warm letter of congratulation, Tayloe hesitated to accept the commission as he had just been elected as a Federalist to the Virginia Senate, and he feared, as he wrote to Washington, that if he resigned his seat, the place would be filled by an opponent of the administration. On February 12, 1799, Washington replied that he was inclined to believe his civil service would be more important than military service. Tayloe served in the Virginia House of Delegates and the Senate of Virginia, as Delegate and Senator. On the breaking out of the War of 1812, Tayloe was made commander of the cavalry of the District of Columbia, and saw active service.

paragraph: Section::::Founding of the Washington Jockey Club.

paragraph: In 1798 a mile track was laid out which extended from the rear of what is now the site of Decatur House at H Street and Jackson Place, crossing Seventeenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue to Twentieth Street. The inaugural match featured John Tayloe III's Lamplighter and Gen. Charles Carnan Ridgely's Cincinnatus, for 500 guineas, ran in 4-mile heats, and won by the former, a son of Imp English bred stallion Medley. The only initial building was a small elevated platform for the judges. The "carriage folk" took to the infield for views of the contests and the strandees crested the outside of the course. The site of today's Eisenhower Executive Office Building, this first course's history was short lived as it stood in the path of L'Enfant's city plan.

paragraph: In 1802 the Club sought a new sight for the tract, as the current one that lay the rear of what is now the site of Decatur House at H Street and Jackson Place, crossing Seventeenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue to Twentieth Street-today the Eisenhower Executive Office Building-was being overtaken be the growth of the Federal City. With the leadership of John Tayloe III and Charles Carnan Ridgely and support of Gen. John Peter Van Ness, Dr. William Thornton, G.W. P. Custis, John D. Threlkeld of Georgetown and George Calvert of Riversdale, Bladensburg, Maryland, the contests were moved to Meridian Hill, south of Columbia Road between Fourteenth and Sixteenth Streets, and were conducted at the Holmstead Farm's one mile oval track.

paragraph: Tayloe's interests included American horse racing, being a leader in this sport during the period of 1791–1806. His son, Henry Augustine Tayloe, founded the Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans with Bernard de Marigny in 1838. Like his father, John Tayloe III was a successful horseman, and owned such celebrated racehorses as Belair, Grey Diomed (who he imported, and for him sired Sir Archy whose progeny include Boston (horse), Timoleon (horse), Lexington, Secretariat and American Pharoah), and others.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He married Ann Ogle (1775–1855) in 1792. She was the daughter of Provincial Maryland Governor Benjamin Ogle and Henrietta Margaret (Hill) Ogle, of "Belair", and granddaughter of Samuel Ogle, Proprietary Governor of Maryland. The Tayloes raised a family of 15 children: sons Benjamin, Edward, Charles, William Henry, John, Henry Augustine, George, Lloyd, Robert Carter; daughters Henrietta, Catherine, Rebecca, Ann, Virginia, Ann Ogle, Elizabeth.

paragraph: The memorial by one of his sons, Benjamin Ogle Tayloe, says that "his manners were refined and elegant. He was distinguished for his nice sense of honor, and a scrupulous regard to his word at all times. His wife was esteemed for sincerity and kindness of heart, graceful and dignified manners, and true and unaffected piety."

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Children of John Tayloe III (1771–1828) and Ann Ogle Tayloe (1772–1855).

paragraph: The Tayloes had 15 children over the course of 22 years, 13 of whom survived to adulthood. Seven of the children were born at The Octagon House, and nearly all of them resided there at various times in their lives. None of the children were living in the house at the time of their deaths. The following is a list of the Tayloe children, as well as birth, marriage, and death information for each of them.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. John Tayloe IV (August 2, 1792 – May 15, 1824). Buried at Mount Airy. Married Maria Forrest (Daughter of Colonel Uriah Forrest). Lieutenant in US Navy, served on the USS Constitution during the War of 1812. Age at death: 31

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Henrietta Hill Tayloe (December 4, 1794 – June 11, 1832). Died at Tudor Hall, Maryland. Married to H.G.S. Key (brother of Francis Scott Key). Age at death: 38

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Benjamin Ogle Tayloe (May 21, 1796 – February 25, 1868). Died in Rome, Italy, buried in Troy, New York. Married Julia Maria Dickinson of Troy, NY on November 8, 1824. Julia died on July 4, 1840. Benjamin was married a second time on April 17, 1849 to Pheobe Warren of Troy, NY. He lived in the Benjamin Ogle Tayloe House on Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.. Age at death: 72

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Rebecca Plater Tayloe (September 7, 1797 – March 24, 1815). Buried at Mount Airy. Unmarried. When Rebecca died, the Madisons lived in the Octagon, not the Tayloes. The 1992 edition of the Northern Neck of Virginia Historical Society Magazine states that the family was "grief stricken by the loss through illness of their eighteen-year-old daughter Rebecca Plater while at Mount Airy". Age at death: 18

paragraph: BULLET::::5. William Henry Tayloe (January 27, 1799 – April 10, 1871). Died Georgetown (Washington, D.C.). Inherited Mount Airy Plantation, presumed buried at Mount Airy. Married Henrietta Ogle, daughter of maternal uncle Benjamin Ogle II of Belair on May 4, 1824. Age at death: 72

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Ann Tayloe (March 23, 1800 – April 23, 1800). Died in infancy. Age at death: 1 month

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Catherine Carter Tayloe II (born April 1, 1801). Died in Barcelona, Spain. Married May 18, 1824 to James Baker of London, then British assistant consul general in Washington D.C., and moved with him to Europe. Age at death: unknown

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Edward Thornton Tayloe (January 21, 1803 – December 1876). Born at the Octagon, died at Powhatan, a house he completed in 1832 in King George County, Virginia. Married December 16, 1830 to his cousin, Mary Ogle (sister of Mrs. William Henry Tayloe, Henrietta Ogle). Age at death: 73

paragraph: BULLET::::9. George Plater Tayloe (October 15, 1804 – 1897). Married October 14, 1830 to Mary Elizabeth Langhorne, daughter of Colonel William C. Langhorne of Botetourt County, Virginia. Built Buena Vista at Roanoke, Virginia. Age at death: 93

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Elizabeth Mary Tayloe (March 21, 1806 – March 21, 1832). Born at the Octagon, died in Washington D.C.. Married her first cousin, Robert Wormeley Carter II of Sabine Hall (Warsaw, Virginia) (son of Catherine Tayloe, daughter of John Tayloe II who was married to Landon Carter II). Age at death: 26

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Henry Augustine Tayloe (1808–1903). Born at the Octagon, died in Washington D.C. Married April 19, 1838 to Narcissa Jamieson, daughter of John and Virginia Jamison of Alabama. Resided at Gallion, Alabama. Age at death: 95

paragraph: BULLET::::12. Charles Tayloe(February 15, 1810 – 1847). Born at the Octagon. Married August 3, 1831 to Virginia Anne Turner of King George County, Virginia, daughter of Richard Turner. Age at death: 37

paragraph: BULLET::::13. Virginia Tayloe (July 23, 1813 – April 5, 1883). Born at the Octagon, died in Baltimore, Maryland where she resided. Unmarried. Age at death: 70

paragraph: BULLET::::14. Ann Ogle Tayloe (August 11, 1814 – July 25, 1876). Born at the Octagon, died in Baltimore, Maryland where she resided. Married November 30, 1841 at the Octagon to Henry Howell Lewis, who became captain of the Confederate States Navy and was the great grand nephew of George Washington. Age at death: 62

paragraph: BULLET::::15. LLoyd Tayloe (November 8, 1815 – August 8, 1816). Born at the Octagon, died before his first birthday. Age at death: 10 months

description: American politician

wikidata_label: John Tayloe III

wikipedia_title: John Tayloe III


text:
American football
safety
Kansas City Chiefs
National Football League
Louisiana State University
Southeastern Conference
Honey Badger
All-American
Chuck Bednarik Award
Heisman Trophy
Arizona Cardinals
2013 NFL Draft
Patrick Peterson
PFWA All-Rookie Team
Pro Bowl
All-Pro
Houston Texans
New Orleans, Louisiana
St. Augustine High School
high school football
track and field
relay
long jump
high jump
Rivals.com
Louisiana State University
Les Miles
LSU Tigers football
2011 Cotton Bowl Classic
most valuable player
2011 SEC Championship Game
Honey Badger
Heisman Trophy
Chuck Bednarik Award
Patrick Peterson
2013 NFL Draft
Arizona Cardinals
2013 NFL Draft
Bruce Arians
$
signing bonus
Yeremiah Bell
Rashad Johnson
Bruce Arians
Todd Bowles
Arizona Cardinals'
St. Louis Rams
St Louis Rams
Jared Cook
Karlos Dansby
Detroit Lions
New Orleans Saints
Drew Brees
Lance Moore
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Carolina Panthers
Cam Newton
St. Louis Rams
ACL
LCL
injured reserve
2013
All-Pro
Pro Football Focus
San Francisco 49ers
Dallas Cowboys
Tony Jefferson
Atlanta Falcons
James Bettcher
Deone Bucannon
San Francisco 49ers
Patrick Peterson
Seattle Seahawks
Philadelphia Eagles
Pro bowl
NFL Top 100 Players of 2016
Geno Smith
New York Jets
Carolina Panthers
Jacoby Brissett
Indianapolis Colts
Phil Dawson
Jacksonville Jaguars
Houston Texans
New England Patriots
Kansas City Chiefs
LSU Tigers bio
Arizona Cardinals bio

categories: Houston Texans players,Kansas City Chiefs players,LSU Tigers football players,Players of American football from Louisiana,1992 births,St. Augustine High School (New Orleans) alumni,American football safeties,American football cornerbacks,Sportspeople from New Orleans,Arizona Cardinals players,Living people,All-American college football players

paragraph: Tyrann Mathieu

paragraph: Tyrann Devine Mathieu (; born May 13, 1992) is an American football safety for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Louisiana State University (LSU). In college he developed a reputation for causing turnovers, setting a Southeastern Conference (SEC) record with 11 career forced fumbles and earning the nickname "Honey Badger". In his sophomore season, he was recognized as a consensus All-American, won the Chuck Bednarik Award as the best defensive player in college football, and was a finalist for the Heisman Trophy. Mathieu was dismissed from the LSU football program after that season due to a violation of team rules.

paragraph: After spending a year out of football in 2012, he was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the third round of the 2013 NFL Draft, reuniting him in the defensive backfield with former college teammate Patrick Peterson. As a rookie he was named to the PFWA All-Rookie Team. In 2015, he was invited to the Pro Bowl and earned first-team All-Pro honors. He has also played for the Houston Texans.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: A native of New Orleans, Louisiana, Mathieu attended St. Augustine High School, where he played for the St. Augustine Purple Knights high school football team. He recorded 32 tackles, five interceptions, one sack, and one fumble recovery as a senior.

paragraph: While living in New Orleans' Central City, Mathieu was raised by his grandparents. His biological mother was absent the majority of the time and his biological father, Darrin Hayes, has been incarcerated for murder most of Mathieu's life. After his grandfather died in 1997, Mathieu was adopted by his uncle, Tyrone Mathieu, and aunt, Sheila Mathieu.

paragraph: Mathieu also ran track and field for St. Augustine's track team and was a member of the relay team. He was one of the state's top performers in the long jump. He had personal-best leaps of 1.93 meters in the high jump and 7.29 meters in the long jump.

paragraph: Considered a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, Mathieu was listed as the No. 13 cornerback in the nation in 2010.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Mathieu accepted an athletic scholarship to attend Louisiana State University, where he played for coach Les Miles' LSU Tigers football team from 2010 to 2011.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2010 season.

paragraph: As a true freshman in 2010, Mathieu played in all 13 games with one start. He finished the season with 59 tackles, 3 sacks, and 2 interceptions. He was the Most Outstanding Defensive Player of the 2011 Cotton Bowl Classic after he recorded seven tackles, one tackle for loss, two forced fumbles, one fumble recovery, one interception, one sack, and one pass breakup.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2011 season.

paragraph: At the end of the 2011 regular season, Mathieu had 77 total tackles (60 solo and 17 assists), 1.5 sacks, 5 forced fumbles, 4 fumble recoveries (2 returned for a touchdown), and 2 interceptions. On special teams, Mathieu had 26 punt returns for 420 yards, with 2 returned for a touchdown. On October 19, 2011, Mathieu was suspended for one game following a violation of LSU's drug policy. Mathieu was named the most valuable player of the 2011 SEC Championship Game. Mathieu earned the nickname "The Honey Badger" for his tenacious ability to play extremely tough football against much larger opponents, as well as his knack for making big plays. This led to him being a Heisman Trophy finalist. On December 8, 2011, Mathieu was awarded the Chuck Bednarik Award, given to the year's best defensive player in college football. This marked the second straight year an LSU defensive player won the nation's top defensive honor following Patrick Peterson in 2010.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2012: Dismissal.

paragraph: On August 10, 2012, LSU head coach Les Miles announced that Mathieu would be dismissed from the football team due to a violation of team rules. News outlets reported that the dismissal was a result of repeated drug test failures, although Miles did not confirm those reports. Mathieu had formerly expressed an interest in returning to the program for the 2013 season. On August 17, 2012, Mathieu withdrew from LSU and entered a drug rehabilitation program in Houston, Texas. Mathieu's withdrawal was expected to last for the entire 2012–2013 academic year. However, on September 4, 2012, Mathieu ended his withdrawal and enrolled for fall semester classes. On October 25, 2012, Mathieu and three other LSU former players were arrested on possession of marijuana.

paragraph: On November 29, 2012, it was announced that Mathieu would enter the NFL Draft. Mathieu participated at the 2013 NFL Scouting Combine on February 26, 2013. He ran a 4.50 40-yard dash, had 4 reps of 225 pounds, a 34-inch vertical, and a 117-inch broad jump. He also later participated at his pro day on March 27, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Prior to the 2012 season, Mathieu was ranked as the third best cornerback prospect in the upcoming 2013 NFL Draft by NFL analyst Chad Reuter. On November 29, 2012, Mathieu stated his intentions to enter the 2013 NFL Draft. Mathieu attended the NFL Combine and completed all of the combine and positional drills. On March 28, 2013, Mathieu attended LSU's pro day, but chose to stand on his combine numbers and only performed positional drills. He was projected to be a second or third round pick by the majority of NFL draft experts and scouts. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Mathieu was ranked as the tenth best cornerback prospect in the draft by DraftScout.com.

paragraph: The Arizona Cardinals selected Mathieu in the third round (69th overall) of the 2013 NFL Draft. Mathieu was the sixth safety drafted in 2013. On April 26, 2013, it was reported that Cardinals' head coach Bruce Arians stated that Mathieu would be playing free safety although it was widely expected he would play slot cornerback coming out of college.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Arizona Cardinals.:2013.

paragraph: On May 23, 2013, the Arizona Cardinals signed Mathieu to a four-year, $3.05 million contract that includes $817,187 guaranteed and a signing bonus of $265,000.

paragraph: Mathieu stated that he would remove himself from any association with his nickname, saying that he wants to be known as "Tyrann Mathieu" as opposed to "Honey Badger". Throughout training camp, Mathieu competed to be the first-team nickelback and starting free safety. He competed for a starting role at free safety against Yeremiah Bell and Rashad Johnson. Head coach Bruce Arians named Mathieu the backup free safety to begin the regular season, behind Rashad Johnson. Defensive coordinator Todd Bowles also named him the first-team nickelback.

paragraph: He made his professional regular season debut in the Arizona Cardinals' season-opener at the St. Louis Rams and made seven solo tackles and made his first career forced fumble in their 27–24 loss. Mathieu made his first career regular season tackle and forced a fumble on St Louis Rams' tight end Jared Cook. He forced a fumble before Cook crossed into the endzone for a touchdown and it was recovered by Cardinals' linebacker Karlos Dansby for a touchback in the first quarter. The following week, he earned his first career start as a nickelback and made six solo tackles and a pass deflection during a 25–21 victory against the Detroit Lions in Week 2. On September 22, 2013, Mathieu recorded ten combined tackles (nine solo), deflected a pass, and made his first career interception during a 31–7 loss at the New Orleans Saints. Mathieu intercepted a pass by quarterback Drew Brees, that was initially intended for wide receiver Lance Moore, in the third quarter. In Week 4, Mathieu earned his first career start at free safety after Rashad Johnson sustained an injury to his finger while covering a punt the previous week. Mathieu finished the Cardinals' 13–10 win at the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Week 4 with six solo tackles. On October 6, 2013, he recorded five solo tackles and made his first career sack during the Cardinals' 22–6 win against the Carolina Panthers. Mathieu sacked quarterback Cam Newton for a ten-yard loss in the second quarter. On December 8, 2013, Mathieu made one solo tackle and a pass deflection before exiting the Cardinals' 30–10 victory against the St. Louis Rams with a leg injury. It was later determined Mathieu tore his left ACL and LCL while returning a punt during the third quarter. On December 10, 2013, the Arizona Cardinals placed Mathieu on injured reserve officially ending his rookie season. He completed his rookie season in 2013 with 68 combined tackles (65 solo), nine pass deflections, two interceptions, a sack, and a forced fumble in 13 games and 11 starts. Mathieu was named a first-team All-Pro at the slot cornerback position by Pro Football Focus after the season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Arizona Cardinals.:2014.

paragraph: Mathieu was not able to participate in training camp due to his recovery. He was inactive for the Arizona Cardinals' season-opener, but joined the team in Week 2. Upon his return, head coach Bruce Arians named Mathieu the backup free safety behind Rashad Johnson. On September 21, 2014, Mathieu collected a season-high six combined tackles during a 23–14 win against the San Francisco 49ers. On November 2, 2014, Mathieu recorded five combined tackles, a pass deflection, and made his second career interception during a 28–17 win at the Dallas Cowboys in Week 9. In Week 10, Mathieu became the starting free safety and replaced Tony Jefferson in the starting lineup. On November 30, 2014, Mathieu made three combined tackles in the Cardinals' 29–18 win against the Atlanta Falcons, but exited in the third quarter after sustaining a thumb injury. He underwent surgery on his thumb and was expected to missed two games (Weeks 13–14). Mathieu finished the season with 39 combined tackles (35 solo), four pass deflections, an interception, and a fumble recovery in 13 games and six starts.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Arizona Cardinals.:2015.

paragraph: Defensive coordinator Todd Bowles accepted the head coaching position with the New York Jets and was replaced by James Bettcher. Throughout training camp, Mathieu competed against Rashad Johnson to be the starting free safety. Head coach Bruce Arians officially named him the starting free safety to start the regular season, alongside strong safety Deone Bucannon.

paragraph: On September 27, 2015, Mathieu had a career-high two interceptions including his first career touchdown against the San Francisco 49ers. The last time an Arizona Cardinal had two interceptions in a game was Patrick Peterson in Week 10, 2014. He had two more interceptions in 2015 before his season-ending injury, one in November 15 against the Seattle Seahawks and on November 29 against the 49ers. On December 20, against the Philadelphia Eagles, Mathieu tore his right ACL after an interception, causing him to miss the final two games of the regular season in addition to the post-season. Mathieu was named to his first Pro bowl after the season and was named by the Associated Press as a first-team All-Pro safety. He was ranked 28th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Arizona Cardinals.:2016.

paragraph: On August 2, 2016, the Arizona Cardinals signed Mathieu to a five-year, $62.5 million extension that included $21.25 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $15.5 million. On October 17, he picked off Geno Smith, his ninth career interception against the New York Jets. In Week 8 against the Carolina Panthers, Mathieu left the game with a shoulder injury. He was ruled out from three to six weeks. He played in two of the next six games, struggling in both of the games. He was placed on injured reserve on December 23, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Arizona Cardinals.:2017.

paragraph: On September 17, 2017, Mathieu picked off Jacoby Brissett in overtime in a 16–13 victory over the Indianapolis Colts. The pick set the Cardinals up to win the game on a Phil Dawson field goal. On November 26, Mathieu recorded his second Interception of the season in a 27-24 overtime win against the Jacksonville Jaguars.

paragraph: On March 14, 2018, Mathieu was released by the Cardinals after refusing to take a pay cut.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Houston Texans.

paragraph: On March 17, 2018, Mathieu signed a one-year contract with the Houston Texans worth $7 million. In his first game with the Texans, against the New England Patriots, Mathieu had one interception, recovered a fumble, and had five tackles. He finished the season with 89 combined tackles, three sacks, eight passes defensed and two interceptions.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Kansas City Chiefs.

paragraph: On March 14, 2019, Mathieu signed a three-year, $42 million contract with the Kansas City Chiefs.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- LSU Tigers bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arizona Cardinals bio

alias:
Tyrann Devine Mathieu
Honey Badger

description: All-American college football player, defensive back, cornerback

enwikiquote_title: Tyrann Mathieu

wikidata_label: Tyrann Mathieu

wikipedia_title: Tyrann Mathieu


text:
German
ice hockey
goaltender
Grizzlys Wolfsburg
Deutsche Eishockey Liga
Adler Mannheim

categories: Heilbronner Falken players,People from Breisach,EHC Wolfsburg players,1990 births,Adler Mannheim players,German ice hockey players,Living people

paragraph: Felix Brueckmann

paragraph: Felix Brueckmann (born December 16, 1990) is a German professional ice hockey goaltender. He is currently playing with the Grizzlys Wolfsburg of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). He formerly played and made his professional debut with Adler Mannheim. He signed as a free agent with Wolfsburg on April 17, 2014.

description: German ice hockey goaltender

wikidata_label: Felix Brueckmann

wikipedia_title: Felix Brueckmann


text: Venice

text: Dardanelles

text: Venetian

text: Papal Navy

text: Turkish-Venetian War

text: Francesco Morosini

text: Captain General of the Sea

text: Maltese

text: battle in the Dardanelles

text: Battle of Lepanto

text: after him

categories: Cretan War (1645–1669),1603 births,1656 deaths,Republic of Venice people of the Ottoman–Venetian Wars,Republic of Venice military personnel killed in action,17th-century Italian people,Republic of Venice admirals

paragraph: Lorenzo Marcello

paragraph: Lorenzo Marcello (Venice, 1603 – Dardanelles, 26 June 1656) was a Venetian admiral.

paragraph: He fought against the Papal Navy in 1642-1644 and subsequently participated in the new Turkish-Venetian War. In September 1655, he succeeded Francesco Morosini as the Captain General of the Sea. From this position he led the combined Venetian-Maltese fleet in battle in the Dardanelles in June 1656. Although he himself lost his life during the battle, it resulted in the greatest Venetian victory since the Battle of Lepanto.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: The Italian Navy have named two submarines after him and the name was also given to an Italian liner (1,413 grt, 234 ft. long) built in the 1920s and sunk in 1943.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Short Biography at the Italian Navy website

description: Italian admiral

wikidata_label: Lorenzo Marcello

wikipedia_title: Lorenzo Marcello


text: General

text: Bodmin

text: Bond Street

text: British East India Company

text: Constantine

text: Helland

text: Humphrey Gilbert

text: Walter Raleigh

text: Bengal Infantry

text: Bengal Native Infantry

text: John Macdonald

text: Koil

text: Aligarh

text: Delhi

text: Laswari

text: Agra

text: Lord Lake

text: Bharatpur

text: Calcutta

text: Royal Artillery

text: Scutari

text: Cawnpore

text: Ramgarh

text: First Anglo-Sikh War

text: Sir Hugh Gough

text: Mudki

text: Ferozeshahr

text: Sobraon

text: KCB

text: Second Anglo-Sikh War

text: Chilianwala

text: Gujrat

text: Robert Napier

text: Jhelum River

text: Khyber Pass

text: GCB

text: Kensal Green Cemetery

text: London

categories: British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Sikh War,British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Maratha War,British military personnel of the First Anglo-Sikh War,1785 births,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath,British East India Company Army generals,People from Bodmin,1853 deaths

paragraph: Sir Walter Gilbert, 1st Baronet

paragraph: General Sir Walter Raleigh Gilbert, 1st Baronet, (18 March 1785, Bodmin – 12 May 1853, Stevens' Hotel, Bond Street, London) was an army officer in the British East India Company.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the third son of the Revd Edmund Gilbert (d. 1816), vicar of Constantine and rector of Helland, Cornwall, and his wife, the daughter of Henry Garnett of Bristol. Like Sir Humphrey Gilbert, he was a member of the Devon family of Gilbert of Compton and he was named after Sir Humphrey's stepbrother Sir Walter Raleigh.

paragraph: He gained a cadetship in the Bengal Infantry in 1800, and in September the following year was posted to the 15th Bengal Native Infantry (commanded by Colonel John Macdonald) as ensign. Arriving in India in October 1801, he then became lieutenant on 12 September 1803 and captain on 16 April 1810. Participating in the defeat of Perron's brigades at Koil, Aligarh, the battles of Delhi, Laswari and the storming of Agra. He also attracted the attention of Lord Lake by his participation in the four unsuccessful attacks on Bharatpur. In 1814, in Calcutta, he married Isabella Rose Ross, the daughter of Thomas Ross, a major in the Royal Artillery - the marriage produced Sir Francis Hastings Gilbert, 2nd Baronet in 1816 (later British consul at Scutari), Geraldine Adelaide (b. 1817 in Bodmin).

paragraph: Next he was successively barrack-master and cantonment magistrate at Cawnpore, commandant of the Calcutta native militia, and commandant of the Ramgarh local battalion. Promoted to major on 12 November 1820, he then became lieutenant-colonel of the newly formed 39th Bengal native infantry in 1824, colonel of the 35th native infantry and of the 1st Bengal European Fusiliers in 1832, major-general in June 1838 and finally lieutenant-general in November 1851. During the First Anglo-Sikh War he commanded a division of Sir Hugh Gough's army at the battles of Mudki and Ferozeshahr (December 1845), and at Sobraon (10 February 1846) - Gough mentioned him favourably in his dispatches.

paragraph: He was made a KCB in April 1846 and again commanded a division under Gough in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, at the 1849 battles of Chilianwala and Gujrat before leading his division (which included Robert Napier) across the Jhelum River to pursue the remnants of the Sikh army and receiving their surrender on 3 and 6 March. He next pursued the Sikhs' Afghan allies right up to the Khyber Pass, and in reward was appointed GCB in June 1849 and a baronet in 1850. Becoming known as a sportsman as well as a soldier in India, on his death a memorial obelisk was erected on the Bodmin Beacon, though his baronetcy became extinct on his son Francis's death.

paragraph: Walter is buried on the west side of the southern section of the central north-south path in Kensal Green Cemetery in London.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- www.cornwall-calling.co.uk

description: British East India Company army officer

wikidata_label: Sir Walter Gilbert, 1st Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir Walter Gilbert, 1st Baronet


text: American

text: ice hockey

text: Philadelphia Flyers

text: National Hockey League

text: Chicago Blackhawks

text: 2010 NHL Entry Draft

text: Boston College

text: New York Rangers

text: Winnipeg Jets

text: minor ice hockey

text: Noble and Greenough School

text: Boston College

text: NCAA

text: Hockey East

text: 2012 National Championship

text: Calgary Flames

text: Bill Arnold

text: Johnny Gaudreau

text: Hobey Baker Award

text: Beanpot

text: Chicago Blackhawks

text: New York Rangers

text: second-round compensatory pick

text: 2015 NHL Entry Draft

text: San Jose Sharks

text: 2015–16 season

text: 2016–17 season

text: Michael Grabner

text: J. T. Miller

text: 2018–19 season

text: NHL trade deadline

text: Winnipeg Jets

text: 2019 NHL Entry Draft

text: Brendan Lemieux

text: Nashville Predators

text: Philadelphia Flyers

text: Jimmy

text: United States

text: 2014 IIHF World Championship

text: Minsk

text: Jimmy Hayes

text: Dorchester, Massachusetts

text: Pittsburgh Penguins

text: Tom Fitzgerald

text: Keith Tkachuk

text: Matthew

text: Brady

text: Ottawa Senators

text: Ryan Fitzgerald

text: Boston Bruins

text: Eagles

categories: National Hockey League first round draft picks,New York Rangers players,Sportspeople from Boston,Chicago Blackhawks draft picks,Ice hockey people from Massachusetts,1992 births,American ice hockey centers,Boston College Eagles men's ice hockey players,Noble and Greenough School alumni,Living people

paragraph: Kevin Hayes (ice hockey)

paragraph: Kevin Patrick Hayes (born May 8, 1992) is an American professional ice hockey player for the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League (NHL). Hayes was drafted by the Chicago Blackhawks in the first round, 24th overall, in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. After playing four seasons at Boston College, Hayes signed his first professional contract with the New York Rangers in 2014. Before being traded to and signing with the Flyers, Hayes had previously played for the Rangers and the Winnipeg Jets.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Amateur.

paragraph: As a youth, Hayes played in the 2004 and 2005 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournaments with a minor ice hockey team from South Shore.

paragraph: Hayes played for Noble and Greenough School before joining the Boston College in the NCAA's Hockey East conference between 2011 and 2014. During his first three seasons in the NCAA, he produced small but effective numbers, recording 17 goals and 50 assists for 67 points over that time, and was a member of the 2012 National Championship team. However, he emerged as a star player in his final, senior year, where he played on a line with current Calgary Flames players Bill Arnold and Johnny Gaudreau, the latter of which was the Hobey Baker Award winner in 2014. Hayes nearly doubled his point production from his first three seasons scoring 27 goals, and 38 assists for 65 points. He earned a top ten nomination for the Hobey Baker Award and earned a reputation as a large, two-way player with a prolific shot and power play effectiveness. Hayes was also named MVP of the 2014 Beanpot tournament.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Professional.:New York Rangers.

paragraph: The rights that the Chicago Blackhawks held to Hayes (by virtue of drafting him) expired on August 15, 2014, without Hayes having signed with the team. On August 16, Hayes became an unrestricted free agent, after which on August 20, he signed with the New York Rangers on an entry-level contract. As a result of his signing elsewhere, the Blackhawks received a second-round compensatory pick in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft.

paragraph: On October 19, 2014, in a 4–0 Rangers win over the San Jose Sharks, Hayes scored his first career NHL goal. He finished the season with 17 goals and 28 assists for 45 points.

paragraph: Hayes regressed slightly during the 2015–16 season, recording only 14 goals and 22 assists for 36 points. Despite this, the Rangers signed him to a two-year, $5.2 million contract extension Hayes improved in the 2016–17 season, scoring 17 goals and 32 assists for 49 points. Throughout the season, he centered a highly-effective third line with Michael Grabner and J. T. Miller. On July 31, 2018, as a restricted free agent, Hayes re-signed with the Rangers to a one-year contract.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Professional.:Winnipeg Jets.

paragraph: In the 2018–19 season, his fifth with the Rangers, Hayes increased his offensive output in contributing with 42 points in 51 games. While in his final year under contract before free agency and with New York out of playoff contention, Hayes was traded at the NHL trade deadline to the Winnipeg Jets in exchange for a first-round pick in the 2019 NHL Entry Draft, Brendan Lemieux and a conditional fourth-round pick in the 2022 NHL Entry Draft on February 25, 2019. On March 1, 2019 Hayes scored his first goal as a Jet (an empty-netter) in a 5–3 win over the visiting Nashville Predators. Hayes also recorded two assists in the game and was named the game's third star.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Professional.:Philadelphia Flyers.

paragraph: On June 3, 2019, Hayes' negotiating rights were traded to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for a fifth-round draft pick in the 2019 Entry Draft. On June 19, the Flyers signed Hayes to a seven-year, $49.98 million contract with an annual average of $7.14 million.

paragraph: Section::::International play.

paragraph: Hayes, along with his older brother Jimmy and his former Eagles linemate Johnny Gaudreau, played for the United States at the 2014 IIHF World Championship in Minsk, Belarus.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Kevin Hayes grew up with older brother Jimmy Hayes in Dorchester, Massachusetts. Jimmy plays for the Pittsburgh Penguins organization.

paragraph: Hayes, along with his brother Jimmy, are cousins with former NHL players Tom Fitzgerald and Keith Tkachuk, as well as both Tkachuk's sons Matthew (who plays in the NHL for the Calgary Flames) and Brady (who plays in the NHL for the Ottawa Senators) and Fitzgerald's sons and fellow Boston College Eagles Ryan Fitzgerald, who was drafted by the Boston Bruins, and Casey Fitzgerald, who is currently playing hockey with Boston College's Eagles.

description: American ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Kevin Hayes

wikipedia_title: Kevin Hayes (ice hockey)


text: Brulé Lakota

text: Montana Territory

text: Conquering Bear

text: Grattan massacre

text: Leonard Crow Dog

text: Sun Dance

text: Ghost Dance

text: Wounded Knee Massacre

text: Spotted Tail

text: Rosebud Indian Reservation

text: grand jury

text: Deadwood, South Dakota

text: Dee Brown

text: Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee

text: writs of "habeas corpus"

text: certiorari

text: pro bono

text: Supreme Court

text: Ex parte Crow Dog

text: Treaty of Fort Laramie

text: Worcester v. Georgia

text: 31 U.S. (6 Pet.) 515

text: Cherokee

text: Georgia

text: sovereignty

text: Major Crimes Act

text: Leonard Crow Dog

text: Ex parte Crow Dog

categories: 1912 deaths,1833 births,Native American people of the Indian Wars,Lakota leaders

paragraph: Crow Dog

paragraph: Crow Dog (also Kȟaŋǧí Šúŋka, Jerome Crow Dog; 1833 – 1912) was a Brulé Lakota subchief, born at Horse Stealing Creek, Montana Territory.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He was the nephew of former principal chief Conquering Bear, who was killed in 1854 in an incident which would be known as the Grattan massacre. He was the great-grandfather of Leonard Crow Dog (born 1942), a practitioner of traditional herbal medicine, a leader of Sun Dance ceremonies, and preserver of Lakota traditions.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Crow Dog was a traditionalist and one of the leaders who helped popularize the Ghost Dance. After receiving a vision, Jerome warned several dancers to stay away from a large gathering of tribes in 1890 thus saving them from being victims of the Wounded Knee Massacre.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Murder trial.

paragraph: On August 5, 1881, after a long simmering feud, Crow Dog shot and killed principal chief Spotted Tail (who was also at the Grattan massacre), on the Rosebud Indian Reservation. A grand jury was convened and he was tried and convicted in Dakota Territorial court in Deadwood, South Dakota, and sentenced to death which was to be carried out on January 14, 1884. He was imprisoned in Deadwood pending the outcome of his appeals. According to historian Dee Brown in his bestselling book, "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee":

paragraph: White officials... dismissed the killing as the culmination of a quarrel over a woman, but Spotted Tail's friends said that it was the result of a plot to break the power of the chiefs..."."

paragraph: In 1883, writs of "habeas corpus" and "certiorari" were filed on his behalf by lawyers who volunteered to represent him "pro bono"; his case was argued in November 1883 before the U.S. Supreme Court in "Ex parte Crow Dog". On December 17, 1883, the court ruled in a unanimous decision that according to the provisions of the Treaty of Fort Laramie, signed on April 29, 1868, and approved by Congress on February 28, 1877, the Dakota Territorial court had no jurisdiction over the Rosebud reservation and subsequently overturned his conviction. This ruling cited a previous Supreme Court ruling in "Worcester v. Georgia", 31 U.S. (6 Pet.) 515 (1832), a case brought by the Cherokee tribe against the state of Georgia, in which the court ruled that Native Americans were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Major Crimes Act.

paragraph: In response to the ruling in "Ex parte Crow Dog", the U.S. Congress passed the Major Crimes Act () in 1885. It places 15 major crimes under federal jurisdiction if they occur on Native territory, even if both perpetrator and victim are Native American, beginning a legal doctrine limiting tribal sovereignty.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leonard Crow Dog

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ex parte Crow Dog

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ex parte Crow Dog, 109 U.S. 556, 3 S.Ct. 396, 27 L.Ed. 1030 (1883)

description: Brulé Lakota subchief

wikidata_label: Crow Dog

wikipedia_title: Crow Dog


text: Admiral

text: Royal Navy

text: Commander-in-Chief Fleet

text: Clifton College

text: Royal Naval College, Dartmouth

text: commissioned

text: Royal Navy

text: Second World War

text: rear admiral

text: Flag Officer Sea Training

text: Chief of Fleet Support

text: Commander-in-Chief Fleet

text: Commander-in-Chief Naval Home Command

text: Rear Admiral

text: Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom

wikipedia_title: Commander-in-Chief, Naval Home Command (Royal Navy)

categories: Graduates of Britannia Royal Naval College,People educated at Clifton College,Royal Navy admirals,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath,1927 births,2018 deaths

paragraph: James Eberle

paragraph: Admiral Sir James Henry Fuller Eberle, (31 May 1927 – 17 May 2018) was a senior officer in the Royal Navy who served as Commander-in-Chief Fleet from 1979 until 1981.

paragraph: Section::::Naval career.

paragraph: Educated at Clifton College and the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Eberle was commissioned into the Royal Navy in 1941. He served in the Second World War.

paragraph: Eberle was promoted to rear admiral in 1971 and was appointed Assistant Chief of Fleet Support the following year. He became Flag Officer Sea Training in 1974, Flag Officer Aircraft Carriers and Amphibious Ships in 1975 and Chief of Fleet Support in 1977. He went on to be Commander-in-Chief Fleet in 1979 and Commander-in-Chief Naval Home Command in 1981; he retired in 1982.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: In retirement Eberle became Director of the Royal Institute for International Affairs. He was also Rear Admiral and then Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom and became Master of the Britannia Beagles hunt.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1950 Eberle married Ann Patricia Thompson; they went on to have one son, Peter, and two daughters, Susan and Sarah. Eberle died in May 2018 at the age of 90.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eberle, James "From Greenland's Icy Shore", Roundtuit Publishing, 2007;

description: Royal Navy admiral

wikidata_label: James Eberle

wikipedia_title: James Eberle


text:
Nasrid
Emirate of Granada
Al-Andalus
Iberian Peninsula
Sultan
Fatima
Alhambra
Málaga
Alfonso XI of Castile
Marinid dynasty
Iberian Peninsula
Gibraltar
Algeciras
Gibraltar
Alfonso XI of Castile
Muhammed V
Muhammed VI
Muhammed V

wikipedia_title:
Nasrid dynasty
Emirate of Granada
Al-Andalus
Iberian Peninsula
Sultan
Fatima bint al-Ahmar
Alhambra
Málaga
Alfonso XI of Castile
Marinid dynasty
Iberian Peninsula
Gibraltar
Algeciras
Gibraltar
Alfonso XI of Castile
Muhammed V of Granada
Muhammed VI, Sultan of Granada
Muhammed V of Granada

categories: Sultans of Granada,1318 births,14th-century monarchs in Europe,1354 deaths,14th century in Al-Andalus

paragraph: Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada

paragraph: Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada (June 29, 1318 – October 19, 1354) was the seventh Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula. He was Sultan between 1333 and 1354.

paragraph: Section::::Qualities.

paragraph: A detailed portrait of Yusuf indicates that "he was white-skinned, naturally strong, had a fine figure and an even finer character. His teeth sparkled, he had large eyes and dark straight hair, a thick beard, a handsome face and a clear voice that was a pleasure to hear. His figure and beauty made him stand out among other people. God endowed him with an extraordinary intelligence, good judgment and sound opinions. He was ingenious and thoughtful and could foresee the future. By nature pacific, he tried to maintain friendship with all the other monarchs of his day. He loved art and was especially fascinated by architecture. He liked to dress with elegance, was a collector of arms and adornments and had some mechanical ability." Like his brother and predecessor Muhammed IV, he lived under the influence of the courtiers and his paternal grandmother, Fatima. As a minor, Moorish chroniclers noted his authority "was limited to choosing the food he wished to eat from the dishes that were placed before him."

paragraph: Section::::Accomplishments.

paragraph: Yusuf constructed the Gate of Justice, forming the grand entrance to the Alhambra in 1348. He likewise adorned many of the courts and halls of the palace, as may be seen by the inscriptions on the walls, in which his name repeatedly occurs. He founded a religious school in the heart of his capital in 1349. He also rebuilt the noble Alcazaba of Málaga, the ancestral home of his paternal grandfather Abu Said Faraj, the former governor of Málaga.

paragraph: He established peace with Alfonso XI of Castile but once the four years of agreed peace were over, he allied with the Marinid dynasty who had entered the Iberian Peninsula via Gibraltar. He lost Algeciras in 1344 and Gibraltar in 1349 after having undergone a difficult siege in which Alfonso XI of Castile died due to the plague, after having besieged Gibraltar. As a gesture of his goodwill towards the Christian kingdoms, Yusuf gave orders to his own troops and the leaders of the frontier towns not to attack the cortege as it traveled to Seville. He received his subjects publicly every week on Monday and Thursday to listen to their concerns. On solemn state occasions, he presided over court activities from a wooden folding armchair that is currently preserved in the Museo de la Alhambra and bears the Nasrid coat of arms across its back.

paragraph: Yusuf had two wives, the first Butayna, was a former slave who bore him his heir, Muhammed V when he was twenty and a daughter named A'isha. Yusuf's second wife, Maryem, who was also a slave bore him seven children. These children were two sons Ismail II, who was born nine months after Muhammed V, and another son Qays as well as five daughters, named Fatima, Mu'mina, Khadija, Shams and Zaynab. The eldest married her cousin who would reign as Muhammed VI. Maryem's influence was said to be greater than that of Butayna, and Yusuf favored his second son Ismail above his other children, which would have consequences in later years.

paragraph: Yusuf I was assassinated whilst praying in a mosque in Granada at the age of thirty-six. On October 19, 1354, a maniac rushed suddenly from behind and plunged a dagger in his chest. The cries of the king brought his guards and courtiers to his assistance. They found him weltering in his blood. He made some signs as if to speak, but his words were unintelligible. They bore him senseless to the royal apartments, where he died almost immediately. His eldest son, Muhammed V succeeded him at the age of sixteen.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ”The Alhambra” , Washington Irving, 1891

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Alhambra From the Ninth Century to Yusuf I (1354)". vol. 1. Saqi Books, 1997.

description: Sultan of Granada

wikidata_label: Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada

wikipedia_title: Yusuf I of Granada

wikipedia_title: Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada


text:
Heian period
Kamakura period
Date Clan
Minamoto Yoritomo
Hobara
Date City
Fukushima
Koori
Masamune Datenicle
Gainax
Date Masamune

paragraph: Date Tomomune

paragraph: Date Tomomune (伊達 朝宗, 1129 - October 23, 1199) was a samurai during the closing years of the Heian period through to the beginning of the Kamakura period. He is known as the founder of the Date Clan.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In 1189, Nakamura Hitachi-nyudo Nensai received the territory of Date from Minamoto Yoritomo as a result of his participation in the Battle of Ōshu. He then changed his name to Date Tomomune and founded the Date Clan at Takakogaoka Castle, in the present day town of Hobara in Date City, Fukushima Prefecture.

paragraph: His grave is in the present day town of Koori in Fukushima.

paragraph: Section::::Lineage.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Nakamura Mitsutaka (中村 光隆)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: Daughter of Minamoto no Tameyoshi (源 為義, 1096 – August 17, 1156)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eldest son: Isa Tamemune (伊佐 為宗, ? - July 5, 1221)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second son: Date Munemura (伊達 宗村, 1173? - November 11, 1251)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third son: Nakamura Suketsuna (中村 資綱)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fourth son: Tameie (為家)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fifth son: Tameyuki (為行)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sixth son: Tade Sanetsuna (田手 実綱)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seventh son: 延厳 (monk)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eighth son: Tomomoto (朝基)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ninth son: Teramoto Tameyasu (寺本 為保)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughter: Daishin no Tsubone (大進局) - wife of Minamoto Yoritomo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adopted child: Nakamura Tomosada (中村朝定)

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Date Tomomune is prominently featured in the anime "Masamune Datenicle", produced by the City of Date in Fukushima in collaboration with Fukushima Gainax. Throughout the series, a young Date Masamune receives the help of his ancestors while struggling with his new role as the 17th lord of the Date Clan. Date Tomomune appears in the first episode.

wikidata_label: Date Tomomune

wikipedia_title: Date Tomomune


text:
Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria
Theodora of Wallachia
Maria, renamed Irina
Andronikos III Palaiologos
Ottoman Turks
invaded Bulgaria
Plovdiv
Sofia
Bulgarian

categories: Sratsimir dynasty,Medieval Bulgarian military personnel,1322 births,1355 deaths,Bulgarian princes,14th-century Bulgarian people

paragraph: Michael Asen IV of Bulgaria

paragraph: Michail Asen () (c. 1322–1355) was the eldest son of Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria from his marriage with Theodora of Wallachia.

paragraph: After his father acceded to the throne in 1331, the young prince was proclaimed co-Emperor. He was to succeed his father under the name Michael IV Asen.The heir to the throne was the pride of the royal family and was said to possess "all virtues". He married Maria, renamed Irina, the daughter of Andronikos III Palaiologos.

paragraph: In 1354–1355 the Ottoman Turks invaded Bulgaria and headed towards Plovdiv and Sofia. It is mentioned in an anonymous Bulgarian chronicle that Michail Asen gathered the Bulgarians and engaged the Turks near Sofia. The Bulgarians were defeated and suffered heavy casualties including Michail himself. But the battle was not in vain: the Ottomans failed to capture the cities and did not attack the country up to 1370.In the Bulgarian folklore is mentioned that the son of the Emperor perished with the death of the brave.

description: Bulgarian noble

wikidata_label: Michael Asen IV of Bulgaria

wikipedia_title: Michael Asen IV of Bulgaria


text:
GDR
Hilarius Gilges
Gestapo
protest song
Peat Bog Soldiers
Lichtenburg concentration camp
Switzerland
Bertolt Brecht
Mother Courage and Her Children
Schauspielhaus Zürich
Life of Galileo
Konrad Wolf
Nikola Korabov
Tyutyun
Joachim Kunert
Kurt Maetzig
Günter Reisch
Hans-Joachim Kasprzik
Wolf Among Wolves
Deutsches Theater
Goethe
Faust
Mephisto
Egmont
Schiller
Don Carlos
Shakespeare
King Lear
Lessing
Minna of Barnhelm

categories: Members of the Provisional Volkskammer,1901 births,Nazi concentration camp survivors,Recipients of the National Prize of East Germany,German expatriates in Switzerland,Lichtenburg concentration camp survivors,German theatre directors,1966 deaths,Union of Persecutees of the Nazi Regime members,Cultural Association of the GDR members,Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in silver,German male television actors,German male stage actors,German male film actors,Male actors from Berlin,20th-century German male actors

paragraph: Wolfgang Langhoff

paragraph: Wolfgang Langhoff (born 6 October 1901 in Berlin, Germany; died: 26 August 1966 in Berlin, GDR) was a German theatre, film and television actor and theatre director.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: From 1923 Langhoff worked at the Thalia Theater Hamburg, and in Wiesbaden. In 1926 he married the actress Renata Edwina Malacrida, who bore him two children, Thomas (1938) and Matthias (1942). From 1928 to 1932 he played at the "Schauspielhaus" in Düsseldorf and then from 1932–33 at the Grand Theatre in Düsseldorf. Langhoff was involved at this time with the German Communist Party and was the artistic director of the agitprop troupe "ran northwest," founded in 1930, which performed at union events. The dancer Hilarius Gilges was one its members.

paragraph: Langhoff was arrested by the Gestapo in February 1933 and initially detained in the Düsseldorf jail, where he was subjected to severe torture by the SA. A few days later he was transferred to the "Ulmer Höhe" prison. In July 1933 he was taken to concentration camp Börgermoor, in Emsland. While there he revised a song lyric written by Johann Esser, creating what was later to become the famous protest song Peat Bog Soldiers (Moorsoldaten). The melody was composed by another prisoner, Rudi Goguel. After the transfer to the Lichtenburg concentration camp, Langhoff was released as part of the so-called Easter amnesty in 1934. Overall, Langhoff spent 13 months in prisons and concentration camps.

paragraph: Three months later – in June of that year – he fled to Switzerland, just before closure of the border. At the Schauspielhaus in Zurich, he found shelter and work as a director and actor. In 1935, he published the autobiographical memoir "Rubber truncheon. Being an account of thirteen months spent in a concentration camp". After it was translated by Lilo Linke into English it became one of the first internationally known eyewitness accounts of brutality in the Nazi concentration camps. Langhoff was a founding member of the Free Germany Movement in Switzerland.

paragraph: Section::::As an actor.

paragraph: Langhoff played Eilif in the first production of Bertolt Brecht's "Mother Courage and Her Children", which opened at the Schauspielhaus Zürich on 19 April 1941. He also performed in the first production of Brecht's "Life of Galileo", which also opened at the Schauspielhaus Zürich, on 9 September 1943.

paragraph: He played Ernst Mehlin in Konrad Wolf's film "Genesung" (1956), von Geir in Nikola Korabov's "Tyutyun" (1962), and Professor Holt in Joachim Kunert's "Die Abenteuer des Werner Holt" (1965); he also appeared in Kurt Maetzig and Günter Reisch's "Das Lied der Matrosen" (1958). On television, he appeared in Hans-Joachim Kasprzik's mini-series "Wolf Among Wolves" (1965).

paragraph: Section::::As a director.

paragraph: It is on the strength of his productions of classical texts at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin, a theatre which he led from 1946 to 1963, that Langhoff's fame as a director rests. His notable productions there include: Goethe's "Faust" (1949 and 1954, productions in which he also played Mephisto) and "Egmont" (1951), Schiller's "Don Carlos" (1952), Shakespeare's "King Lear" (1957) and Lessing's "Minna of Barnhelm" (1960).

paragraph: Section::::Place of burial.

paragraph: Langhoff and his wife are buried in the 'Zentralfriedhof', made famous by Wolf Biermann's song 'Friedhof der Hugenotten'. Biermann's song refers to Langhoff, as well as to Hans Eisler, who arranged the music of 'Moorsoldaten', and is also buried there.

description: German actor and director

wikidata_label: Wolfgang Langhoff

wikipedia_title: Wolfgang Langhoff


text: Theban Legion

text: Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria

text: Oriental Orthodoxy

text: hagiographical

text: Thebes

text: Upper Egypt

text: New Kingdom of Egypt

text: Luxor

text: Roman army

text: early Christianity

text: Roman Empire

text: pagan

text: Gaul

text: Maximian

text: bagaudae

text: Great St Bernard Pass

text: Alps

text: Rome

text: Roman deities

text: decimation

text: Switzerland

text: Agaunum

text: Saint-Maurice, Switzerland

text: Abbey of St. Maurice

text: martyr

text: Eucherius of Lyon

text: legion

text: Eucherius of Lyon

text: Bollandist

text: Hippolyte Delehaye

text: coin

text: papyrus

text: University of Geneva

text: Otto of Freising

text: Isis

text: Mithras

text: Sol Invictus

text: Constantine the Great

text: pilgrim

text: Our Lady of Laus

text: Benoîte Rencurel

text: Mary, mother of Jesus

text: in Heaven

text: appear on Earth

text: patron saint

text: Holy Roman Emperor

text: Henry the Fowler

text: Swiss canton

text: Aargau

text: Austro-Hungarian

text: St. Peter's Basilica

text: Magdeburg

text: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Magdeburg Cathedral

text: Holy Lance

text: Holy Lance

text: Vienna

text: Jesus

text: St. Moritz

text: Saint-Maurice

text: Indian Ocean

text: Mauritius

text: Maurice, Prince of Orange

text: Aargau

text: Canton of Lucerne

text: Canton of Solothurn

text: Appenzell Innerrhoden

text: feast day

text: holiday

text: Engadin

text: Einsiedeln Abbey

text: orders of chivalry

text: Order of the Golden Fleece

text: Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus

text: Order of Saint Maurice

text: patron saint

text: 9th Ward of New Orleans

text: Arabi

text: St. Bernard Parish

text: Pope Pius XII

text: Italian Army

text: Alpini

text: Duchy of Savoy

text: Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy

text: Manresa

text: Piedmont

text: Montalbano Jonico

text: Schiavi di Abruzzo

text: Stadtsulza

text: Coburg

text: Brotherhood of Blackheads

text: Estonia

text: Latvia

text: reliquary

text: Schiavi di Abruzzo

text: black African

text: Weser

text: Elbe

text: Bohemia

text: House of Luxembourg

text: Atlantic slave trade

text: Lucas Cranach the Elder

text: Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus

text: St. Moritz

text: Saint Maurice from the "Golden Legend"

categories: 3rd-century Christian martyrs,Saints from Roman Egypt,Swiss saints,Egyptian Christian monks,Christian folklore,287 deaths

paragraph: Saint Maurice

paragraph: Saint Maurice (also Moritz, Morris, or Mauritius; ) was the leader of the legendary Roman Theban Legion in the 3rd century, and one of the favorite and most widely venerated saints of that group. He was the patron saint of several professions, locales, and kingdoms. He is also a highly revered saint in the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria and other churches of Oriental Orthodoxy.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: According to the hagiographical material, Maurice was an Egyptian, born in AD 250 in Thebes, an ancient city in Upper Egypt that was the capital of the New Kingdom of Egypt (1575-1069 BC). He was brought up in the region of Thebes (Luxor)

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Maurice became a soldier in the Roman army. He was gradually promoted until he became the commander of the Theban legion, thus approximately leading a thousand men. He was an acknowledged Christian at a time when early Christianity was considered to be a threat to the Roman Empire. Yet, he moved easily within the pagan society of his day.

paragraph: The legion, entirely composed of Christians, had been called from Thebes in Egypt to Gaul to assist Emperor Maximian to defeat a revolt by the bagaudae. The Theban Legion was dispatched with orders to clear the Great St Bernard Pass across the Alps. Before going into battle, they were instructed to offer sacrifices to the pagan gods and pay homage to the emperor. Maurice pledged his men’s military allegiance to Rome. He stated that service to God superseded all else. To engage in wanton slaughter was inconceivable to Christian soldiers he said. He and his men refused to worship Roman deities.

paragraph: Section::::Martyrdom.

paragraph: However, when Maximian ordered them to harass some local Christians, they refused. Ordering the unit to be punished, Maximian had every tenth soldier killed, a military punishment known as decimation. More orders followed, the men refused as encouraged by Maurice, and a second decimation was ordered. In response to the Theban Christians' refusal to attack fellow Christians, Maximian ordered all the remaining members of his legion to be executed. The place in Switzerland where this occurred, known as Agaunum, is now Saint-Maurice, Switzerland, site of the Abbey of St. Maurice.

paragraph: So reads the earliest account of their martyrdom, contained in the public letter which Bishop Eucherius of Lyon (c. 434–450), addressed to his fellow bishop, Salvius. Alternative versions have the legion refusing Maximian's orders only after discovering innocent Christians had inhabited a town they had just destroyed, or that the emperor had them executed when they refused to sacrifice to the Roman gods.

paragraph: Section::::Historicity.

paragraph: There is a difference of opinion among researchers as to whether or not the story of the Theban Legion is based on historical fact, and if so, to what extent. The legend, by Eucherius of Lyon, is classed by Bollandist Hippolyte Delehaye among the historical romances. Donald F. O'Reilly, in "Lost Legion Rediscovered", argues that evidence from coins, papyrus, and Roman army lists support the story of the Theban Legion.

paragraph: Denis Van Berchem, of the University of Geneva, proposed that Eucherius' presentation of the legend of the Theban legion was a literary production, not based on a local tradition. The monastic accounts themselves do not specifically state that all the soldiers were collectively executed; an eleventh-century monk named Otto of Freising wrote that most of the legionaries escaped, and only some were executed.

paragraph: The military staunchly followed Isis or Mithras (Sol Invictus), until the time of Constantine the Great at the earliest, making it unlikely that Christians filled an entire legion. If the legend was a later fabrication by Eucherius, its dissemination served to draw pilgrims to the abbey at Agaunum.

paragraph: Section::::Historicity.:Our Lady of Laus.

paragraph: Our Lady of Laus included an apparition of Saint Maurice, who appeared in an antique episcopal vestment and told Benoîte Rencurel that he was the one to whom the nearby chapel was dedicated, that he would fetch her some water (before drawing some water out of a well she had not seen), that she should go down to a certain valley to escape the local guard and see Mary, mother of Jesus, and that Mary was both in Heaven and could appear on Earth.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: Saint Maurice became a patron saint of the German Holy Roman Emperors. In 926, Henry the Fowler (919–936), even ceded the present Swiss canton of Aargau to the abbey, in return for Maurice's lance, sword and spurs. The sword and spurs of Saint Maurice were part of the regalia used at coronations of the Austro-Hungarian emperors until 1916, and among the most important insignia of the imperial throne. In addition, some of the emperors were anointed before the Altar of Saint Maurice at St. Peter's Basilica. In 929, Henry the Fowler held a royal court gathering ("Reichsversammlung") at Magdeburg. At the same time the Mauritius Kloster in honor of Maurice was founded. In 961, Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, was building and enriching Magdeburg Cathedral, which he intended for his own tomb. To that end,

paragraph: Maurice is traditionally depicted in full armor, in Italy emblasoned with a red cross. In folk culture he has become connected with the legend of the Holy Lance, which he is supposed to have carried into battle; his name is engraved on the Holy Lance of Vienna, one of several relics claimed as the spear that pierced Jesus' side on the cross. Saint Maurice gives his name to the town St. Moritz as well as to numerous places called Saint-Maurice in French speaking countries. The Indian Ocean island state of Mauritius was named after Maurice, Prince of Orange, and not directly after Maurice himself.

paragraph: Over 650 religious foundations dedicated to Saint Maurice can be found in France and other European countries. In Switzerland alone, seven churches or altars in Aargau, six in the Canton of Lucerne, four in the Canton of Solothurn, and one in Appenzell Innerrhoden can be found (in fact, his feast day is a cantonal holiday in Appenzell Innerrhoden). Particularly notable among these are the Church and Abbey of Saint-Maurice-en-Valais, the Church of Saint Moritz in the Engadin, and the Monastery Chapel of Einsiedeln Abbey, where his name continues to be greatly revered. Several orders of chivalry were established in his honor as well, including the Order of the Golden Fleece, Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, and the Order of Saint Maurice. Additionally, fifty-two towns and villages in France have been named in his honor.

paragraph: Maurice is also the patron saint of a Catholic parish and church in the 9th Ward of New Orleans and including part of the town of Arabi in St. Bernard Parish. The church was constructed in 1856, but was devastated by the winds and flood waters of Hurricane Katrina on 29 August 2005; the copper-plated steeple was blown off the building. The church is currently closed, and the building is for sale.

paragraph: On 19 July 1941, Pope Pius XII declared Saint Maurice to be patron Saint of the Italian Army's Alpini (mountain infantry corps). The Alpini have celebrated Maurice's feast every year since then.

paragraph: Section::::Patronage.

paragraph: Maurice is the patron saint of the Duchy of Savoy (France) and of the Valais (Switzerland) as well as of soldiers, swordsmiths, armies, and infantrymen. In 1591 Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy arranged the triumphant return of part of the relics of Saint Maurice from the monastery of Agaune in Valais.

paragraph: He is also the patron saint of weavers and dyers. Manresa (Spain), Piedmont (Italy), Montalbano Jonico (Italy), Schiavi di Abruzzo (Italy), Stadtsulza (Germany) and Coburg (Germany) have chosen St. Maurice as their patron saint as well. St Maurice is also the patron saint of the Brotherhood of Blackheads, a historical military order of unmarried merchants in present-day Estonia and Latvia. In September 2008, certain relics of Maurice were transferred to a new reliquary and rededicated in Schiavi di Abruzzo (Italy).

paragraph: Section::::Physical characteristics.

paragraph: Because of his name and native land, St. Maurice had been portrayed as black ever since the 12th century. The oldest surviving image that depicts Saint Maurice as a black African in knight's armor was sculpted in mid-13th century for Magdeburg Cathedral; there it is displayed next to the grave of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor. Jean Devisse, "The Image of the Black in Western Art", laid out the documentary sources for the saint's popularity and documented it with illustrative examples.

paragraph: When the new cathedral was built under Archbishop Albert II of Käfernberg (served 1205-32), a relic said to be the head of Maurice was procured from the Holy Land.

paragraph: The image of Saint Maurice has been examined in detail by Gude Suckale-Redlefsen, who demonstrated that this image of Maurice has existed since Maurice's first depiction in Germany between the Weser and the Elbe, and spread to Bohemia, where it became associated with the imperial ambitions of the House of Luxembourg. According to Suckale-Redlefsen, the image of Maurice reached its apogee during the years 1490 to 1530.

paragraph: Images of the saint died out in the mid-sixteenth century, undermined, Suckale-Redlefsen suggests, by the developing Atlantic slave trade. "Once again, as in the early Middle Ages, the color black had become associated with spiritual darkness and cultural 'otherness'".

paragraph: There is an oil on wood painting of Maurice by Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472–1553) in the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Moritz

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coptic Orthodox Church Network: "Saint Maurice of Theba"

paragraph: BULLET::::- On the image of the Blackamoor in European Heraldry - St. Maurice

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Wood, "The Origin of the Cult of St. Maurice"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Maurice from the "Golden Legend"

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Translation of Grimm's Saga No. 439 about Saint Mauritius and King Dagobert

wikidata_label: Saint Maurice

wikipedia_title: Saint Maurice


text: Florence

text: Barcelona

text: Galileo

text: grand dukes of Tuscany

text: Cosimo de' Medici

text: Pope Leo XI

text: Marie de' Medici

text: Henry IV of France

text: Prince Cosimo

text: Maria Maddalena of Austria

text: Accademia della Crusca

text: Copernicus

text: Lionardo Salviati

text: Petrarch

text: Lodovico delle Colombe

text: Lastra a Signa

text: Medicean planets

text: Marcus Welser

text: Letters on Sunspots

text: Accademia dei Lincei

text: Federico Cesi

text: Holy Office

text: Cesare Cremonini

text: Genoa

text: Giovanni Battista Baliani

text: Barcelona

text: Niccolò Arrighetti

text: Padua

categories: Italian scientists,1582 births,People from Florence,Galileo affair,1614 deaths,Italian astronomers

paragraph: Filippo Salviati

paragraph: Filippo Vincenzo Romolo Salviati (29 January 1583 (Florence) – 22 March 1614 (Barcelona)) was an Italian nobleman, scientist and friend of Galileo. He is remembered today mainly because he appears as one of the figures in Galileo's controversial work the "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems" (1632).

paragraph: Section::::Family background and early life.

paragraph: Salviati was the son of Averardo di Filippo and Alessandra di Giovambattista Nerli, who died shortly after his birth. His family was wealthy and powerful, related to of the grand dukes of Tuscany by numerous marriages; Cosimo de' Medici, son of Maria Salviati, was the cousin of his grandfather, Senator Filippo Salviati, who in turn was married to the uterine sister of Pope Leo XI.

paragraph: Filippo was taught grammar, Latin, geometry and mathematics by a tutor, but his real loves were horsemanship, appearing in tournaments, fencing, hunting, and swimming, He also loved music and was a proficient player of several instruments. In 1595, on the death of his father, he became a pupil of his uncle Antonio, who began training him in the family's business. On 5 September 1602 he married Ortensia, daughter of Francesco Guadagni and Laura Bandini; their marriage was agreed and sponsored by the Grand Duke and Cardinal Medici. On 28 August 1603 their only daughter Alessandra was born, who died on 31 October 1610.

paragraph: At court, Salviati took part in the celebrations for the wedding of Marie de' Medici Maria Medici with Henry IV of France in 1600. In 1608, he took part in the preparation of the festive games for the wedding of Prince Cosimo with Maria Maddalena of Austria. As part of these, following a mock naval combat entitled "The Argonauts" the bride was offered precious minerals from an allegorical rock of Arno. In the same year, he was the chaperone of prince Francesco de' Medici (1594–1614) during the ballet-spectacle of the "Giostra de' venti".

paragraph: Section::::Intellectual development.

paragraph: From the second half of 1606, Salviati began to immerse himself in study: for ten hours a day he kept himself away from other people and neglected his usual activities, buying many books. He first perfected his knowledge of Greek and Latin through the reading of the classics, initially under the guidance of Giulio Libri, member of the Accademia della Crusca with the nickname 'Abburattato' ('Sifted'), However he soon abandoned these Peripatetic teachings and embraced the views of Copernicus and the new natural philosophy.

paragraph: After a long period of disputes with his uncle he finally decided, in 1610, to withdraw from involvement in the family business in order to devote his time to natural philosophy. On 7 July 1610 Salviati himself became a member of the Accademia della Crusca (founded by his ancestor Lionardo Salviati) with the nickname of 'Affidato' ('Trusted') His ceremonial membership spade bears the image of a Roman spearhead from which hangs a bundle of wheat with the motto "sotto 'l qual si trionfa" taken from a line in Petrarch's "Canzone XLIX" ('O solid shield for the oppressed peoples / against the blows of Death and Fortune / under whom we triumph'). He contributed to the successful completion of the "Vocabolario degli Accademici della Crusca", as the major financier of the first printing in 1612.

paragraph: Section::::Collaboration with Galileo.

paragraph: By 1610 Salviati's close relationship with Galileo Galilei was also firmly established. In July 1611, Salviati's Florence residence in via del Palagio was chosen as the location for an experimental competition between Galileo and the Aristotelian Lodovico delle Colombe about the physics of floating bodies. From January 1611, he hosted Galileo for long periods in his villa Le Selve in Lastra a Signa, where Galileo continued his observations on the 'Medicean planets' and developed his theories on sunspots. This led to the writing of the three famous letters to Marcus Welser ("Letters on Sunspots", 1613). As their relationship developed, Galileo sponsored and supported Salviati's membership of the Accademia dei Lincei in September 1612. In 1617 Federico Cesi, founder of the Lincei, married Salviati's cousin Isabella.

paragraph: Section::::Feud with the Medici.

paragraph: At the same time as Salviati was assisting Galileo, he became involved in an unusual dispute with some of the Medici family. On 26 April the carriage of Don Bernardetto de' Medici was taking part in a procession ordered by rank on the Via Romana when it was overtaken by an anonymous carriage. This later turned out to be Salviati's, although he was not present and it was occupied by friends of his. The Medici responded by sending their servants to chase the carriage down and insult the occupants on the public street with threats of a beating. The offense worsened the next day when the same group, again without Salviati, threatened the staff of Bernardetto's brother the abbott Ottaviano de' Medici. Don Ottaviano was gravely offended, and this was the origin of long-standing rancour against Salviati. Despite the intervention of many influential intermediaries the matter could not be satisfactorily resolved.

paragraph: In November 1611 the Grand Duke himself tried to reconcile the parties, but as he made his way to the agreed meeting, Salviati was attacked and wounded by Don Ottaviano's men. On 2 January 1612 the Grand Duke finally managed to arrange peace by imposing perpetual silence concerning the matter on both parties. Salviati immediately left for Le Selve with Galileo. Berdardetto and Ottaviano de' Medici, dissatisfied with the agreed truce, ordered Salviati's murder, sending assassins from the kingdom of Naples. Their plan was discovered and Salviati had grilles placed over the windows of Le Selve.

paragraph: In 1613 a complaint against Salviati was received by the Holy Office. Perhaps warned, on 23 October 1613 Salviati left Florence suddenly, never to return. He travelled across northern Italy, meeting scholars and influential people, telling them about Galileo's discoveries. In November he was in the Republic of Venice, where he met Cesare Cremonini, and in December, Genoa, where he met Giovanni Battista Baliani.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Embarking in January for Spain, Salviati 1614 died of an asthma attack in Barcelona on 22 March 1614. He was buried temporarily in the convent of St. Francis until 15 May, when his body was returned to Florence and buried in the family chapel in S. Marco. Niccolò Arrighetti delivered his funeral oration; in Rome Federico Cesi paid him solemn tributes and commissioned his biography from , who composed only a poem and a cenotaph. A statue of him stands in Padua.

paragraph: Many years after his friend's death Galileo recreated him as a character in his controversial "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems" (1632) and in the later "Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences" (1638). In these works The character of Salviati is an expert Copernican mathematician, whom Galileo uses to argue controversial or potentially heretical views, and ultimately win the argument.

description: Italian astronomer

wikidata_label: Filippo Salviati

wikipedia_title: Filippo Salviati