text: Occitan

text: Auvergnat

text: troubadour

text: trobar clus

text: Dante

text: Divine Comedy

text: vida

text: Diocese of Clermont

text: Pyrenees

text: Alfonso VII of Castile

text: Sancho III

text: Sancho VI of Navarre

text: Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona

text: Giraut de Borneill

text: Dalfi d'Alvernha

text: Bernart Marti

text: Holy Orders

text: Montpellier

text: Crown of Aragon

text: counts of Barcelona

text: Provence

text: Count of Toulouse

text: Raymond V of Toulouse

text: Raimbaut d'Aurenga

text: cansos

text: Marcabru

text: courtly love

text: Holy Ghost

text: Crusade song

text: Bernart de Venzac

text: Gavaudan

text: Marcabru

text: trobar braus

text: Fifth Crusade

text: tenso

text: Bernart de Ventadorn

text: Puivert

text: Eleanor

text: Henry II of England

text: Alfonso VIII of Castile

text: Monge de Montaudon

text: tornada

text: melisma

text: Peire d'Alvernha: Complete Works

categories: French male poets,Year of birth unknown,Male composers,Year of death unknown,12th-century French writers,Troubadours

paragraph: Peire d'Alvernhe

paragraph: Peire d'Alvernhe or d'Alvernha ("Pèire" in modern Occitan; b. c. 1130) was an Auvergnat troubadour (active 1149–1170) with twenty-one or twenty-four surviving works. He composed in an "esoteric" and "formally complex" style known as the "trobar clus". He stands out as the earliest troubadour mentioned by name in Dante's "Divine Comedy".

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: According to his "vida", Peire was a burgher's son from the Diocese of Clermont. As testified to by his "vida", his popularity was great within his lifetime and afterwards. Said to be handsome, charming, wise, and learned, he was "the first good inventor of poetry to go beyond the mountains" (i.e. the Pyrenees) and travel in Spain. He passed his time in Spain at the court of Alfonso VII of Castile and that of his son Sancho III in 1157–1158. It is possible that he was present at a meeting between Sancho of Castile, Sancho VI of Navarre and Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona in 1158. The author of his "vida", editorialising, considers his poems to have been the greatest until Giraut de Borneill and his melodies to have been the best ever. The anonymous biographer records that his information about Peire's later years comes from Dalfi d'Alvernha. It has been suggested that Dalfi was the author of the "vida".

paragraph: According to an accusation of fellow troubadour Bernart Marti, Peire entered upon a religious life early, but quit Holy Orders for a life of itinerant minstrelsy. He may be the same person as the "Petrus d'Alvengue" and "Petrus de Alvernia" who appear in surviving documents from Montpellier dated to the year 1148. Peire appears to have cultivated the favour of the ruling family of the Crown of Aragon, and his poems contain allusions to the counts of Barcelona and Provence. Perhaps he was following the fashion of the lords of Montpellier of his time, who, though vassals of the Count of Toulouse, were partial to the Aragonese. At the same time Peire did garner the support of Raymond V of Toulouse. In his wanderings he may have spent some time at Cortezon, at the court of the minor nobleman and troubadour Raimbaut d'Aurenga.

paragraph: Peire lived a long into old age, and performed penance before dying.

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.

paragraph: Peire wrote mostly "cansos", which, as his "vida" points out, were called "vers" in his day. He also invented the "pious song" and wrote six such poems dealing with serious themes of religion, piety, and spirituality. Even in his more profane works, however, one can detect the moralising influence of Marcabru, with whom in whose old age he was possibly acquainted. One of Marcabru's late songs is a satire of an early one by Peire d'Alvernhe. Marcabru's complexity was also imparted to Peire.

paragraph: On the topic of courtly love, Peire, who had abandoned the religious life early, came to abandon the claims of "fin'amor" ("fine love") later. When Peire espouses love of the Holy Ghost over "cortez' amors de bon aire" ("well-spirited courtly love") he is the only troubadour to ever use the term "courtly love". Marcabrunian influence can be seen here too. In a later Crusade song, Peire defended Marcabru's abandonment of the "carnal amar". He advocates "gran sabers ni purs" ("great and pure wisdom") through "bon'amor" ("good love"). Along with Bernart Marti, Bernart de Venzac, and Gavaudan, Peire was part of a "Marcabrunian school". Nonetheless, as mentioned above, Bernart Marti attacked Peire for claiming superior spiritual status:

paragraph: poem style="margin-left:2em;font-style:italic"

paragraph: E quan canorgues si mes

paragraph: Pey d'Alvernh'en canongia,

paragraph: a Dieu per que.s prometia

paragraph: entiers que peuys si fraysses?

paragraph: Quar si feys, fols joglars es

paragraph: per que l'entiers pretz cambia.

paragraph: /poem

paragraph: Peire's aesthetic philosophy esteemed the "whole song" ("vers entiers"), which is what he termed his completed pieces, denigrating all others' works as incomplete and imperfect. Nonetheless, from Marcabru Peire picked up a notion of the "trobar braus" as a legitimate format for "rough" themes.

paragraph: One anonymous song of the Fifth Crusade, "Lo Senhre que formet lo tro", written between Spring 1213 and July 1214 has been attributed to Peire d'Alvernhe, but the dating makes that impossible. In a "tenso" between a Bernart (probably Bernart de Ventadorn) and an unnamed Peire, perhaps Peire d'Alvernhe, the latter argues that "it is not becoming for ladies to make love-pleas; it is fitting that men plead with them and beg their mercy."

paragraph: By far, however, Peire's most famous work is "Chantarai d'aquest trobadors", a "sirventes" written at Puivert ("Puoich-vert") in which he ridicules twelve contemporary troubadours ("a poetical gallery") and praises himself. It has been conjectured that this piece was first performed in the presence of all twelve of the ridiculed poets in late Summer 1170 while an embassy bringing Eleanor, daughter of Henry II of England, to her Spanish goorm Alfonso VIII of Castile sojourned at Puivert. If the above date is not accepted, it can be probably dated later than 1165—since Giraut de Borneill was only active from c.1170—and certainly before 1173, when Raimbaut d'Aurenga died. The Monge de Montaudon later composed a parody of Peire's satire, "Pos Peire d'Alvernhl a chantat".

paragraph: "Chantarai d'aquest trobadors" is near universally regarded today as playful parody and not as a work of serious literary or artistic criticism. The obscurity of most of the ridiculed poets and the attack upon such personal characteristics as appearance and manners has been cited in support of the view that the parody was done in the presence of all twelve victims, further supporting the conclusion that the parody was good-natured. Besides the criticism of a personal nature, many of the criticism launched by Peire allude to the works of the others, notably those of Bernart de Ventadorn and Raimbaut d'Aurenga.

paragraph: Section::::Music.

paragraph: Peire's "vida" acclaimed him an accomplished singer and the greatest composer of melodies for verses yet known. Peire's famous "Chantarai d'aquest trobadors" contains a final "tornada" indicating its musical nature, though its own melody has not survived:

paragraph: Only two of Peire's melodies still exist: one of "Dejosta.ls breus jorns e.ls lonc sers", a "canso", and another of his "tenso". Modern notations of both are provided in Aubrey, "The Music of the Troubadours".

paragraph: On the whole, Peire's music is more melismatic than that typical of the troubadours and it mimics the "trobar clus" style of his lyrics.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- d'Alvernha, Peire. "Liriche". Alberto del Monte (trans. and ed.) Turin: Loescher-Chiantore, 1955.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aubrey, Elizabeth. "References to Music in Old Occitan Literature." "Acta Musicologica", 61:2 (May–Aug., 1989), pp. 110–149.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aubrey, Elizabeth. "The Music of the Troubadours". Indiana University Press, 1996. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Egan, Margarita (ed. and trans.) "The Vidas of the Troubadours". New York: Garland, 1984. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gaunt, Simon, and Kay, Sarah. "Appendix I: Major Troubadours" (pp. 279–291). "The Troubadours: An Introduction". Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harvey, Ruth. "Courtly culture in medieval Occitania" (pp. 8–27). "The Troubadours: An Introduction". Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lang, H. R. "The Relations of the Earliest Portuguese Lyric School with the Troubadours and Trouvères." "Modern Language Notes", 10:4 (Apr., 1895), pp. 104–116.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Léglu, Catherine. "Moral and satirical poetry" (pp. 47–65). "The Troubadours: An Introduction". Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paterson, Linda. ""Fin'amor" and the development of the courtly "canso"" (pp. 28–46). "The Troubadours: An Introduction". Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pattison, Walter T. "The Background of Peire D'Alvernhe's "Chantarai D'Aquest Trobadors"." "Modern Philology", 31:1 (Aug., 1933), pp. 19–34.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pattison, Walter T. "The Troubadours of Peire D'Alvernhe's Satire in Spain." "PMLA", 50:1 (Mar., 1935), pp. 14–24.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Puckett, Jaye. ""Reconmenciez novele estoire": The Troubadours and the Rhetoric of the Later Crusades." "Modern Language Notes", 116:4, French Issue. (Sep., 2001), pp. 844–889.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shapiro, Marianne. "The Provençal Trobairitz and the Limits of Courtly Love." "Signs", 3:3 (Spring, 1978), pp. 560–571.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spence, Sarah. "Rhetoric and hermeneutics" (pp. 164–180). "The Troubadours: An Introduction". Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peire d'Alvernha: Complete Works at Trobar. org

description: French troubadour

wikidata_label: Peire d'Alvernhe

wikipedia_title: Peire d'Alvernhe


text: Mongolian Cyrillic

text: Mongol

text: Khan

text: Northern Yuan dynasty

text: Mongolia

text: Taisun Khan

text: Molon Khan

text: Yeke Qabar-tu

text: Turfan

text: Beg-Arslan

text: Mandukhai

text: Chakhar myriarchy

text: Dayan Khan

categories: Mongol khans,1478 deaths,1438 births,Northern Yuan rulers

paragraph: Manduul Khan

paragraph: Manduul Khan (Manduuluu, Manduyul or Manduyulun) (Mongolian Cyrillic: Мандуул хаан, 1438–1478), was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia, and he was the younger half-brother of Taisun Khan (Toghtoa Bukha or Toγtoγa Buqa).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: After the death of his nephew Molon Khan, the position remain vacant for nearly a decade as warring Mongol clans fought each other for dominance. Manduul Khan was married to Yeke Qabar-tu, daughter of the Turfan-based warlord Beg-Arslan, sometime between 1463 and 1465. The two disliked each other, and their marriage produced no children. In 1464, he also married Mandukhai, who was only sixteen years old at the time. It was not until 1475 that Manduul Khan was finally crowned as the new khan. Manduul is the earliest Mongol chief known to have actually headed the Chakhar myriarchy.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: During his short rule, Manduul Khan successfully strengthened the power of khan and reduced the power of nobles, and paved the way for his adopted son and great-grandnephew Dayan Khan (Batu Möngke) who succeeded him as Manduul Khan had no direct male heirs, and most sources report that he had no children at all.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of khans of the Northern Yuan dynasty

alias: Manduuluu Manduyulun Manduyul

description: emperor of the Northern Yuan Dynasty

wikidata_label: Manduul Khan

wikipedia_title: Manduul Khan


text:
Lucius Vitellius the Younger
Aulus Vitellius
Triumvir Monetalis
Senator
Publius Sextilius
politician
Claudius
Lucius Vitellius
Rome
Britain
Aulus Vitellius
Galeria Fundana
Lower Germany
Germanicus
Tiberius
Galeria Fundana
Marcus Salvius Otho
Otho
Titus Flavius Vespasian

categories: Year of birth uncertain,69 deaths,1st-century Romans,Vitellii,0s BC births,Ancient Romans

paragraph: Sextilia

paragraph: Sextilia (c. 5 BC - 69) was the mother of Lucius Vitellius the Younger and Aulus Vitellius.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Sextilia came from a distinguished family and lived intimately with imperial intrigue, daughter of Marcus Sextilius, Triumvir Monetalis around 15, and Fabia, daughter of Publius Fabius, and paternal granddaughter of Quintus Sextilius, himself the son of Senator Publius Sextilius, mentioned in 39 BC and 35 BC, paternal grandson of another Publius Sextilius and great-grandson of yet another Publius Sextilius.

paragraph: Sextilia married the successful politician and friend of the emperor Claudius, Lucius Vitellius. Placed in charge of Rome while Claudius traveled to Britain, Vitellius died in 52 CE leaving Sextilia with two sons, Aulus Vitellius and the younger Lucius Vitellius.

paragraph: Section::::Aulus becomes Emperor.

paragraph: Sextilia and Galeria Fundana remained in Rome after Aulus Vitellius went to Germany. Although he left Galeria in straitened financial circumstances with creditors at her door, Sextilia retained a firm control over her own wealth and distanced herself from her son's financial debacle. After the death of Galba, on January 2, 69 CE the troops in Lower Germany declared Vitellius emperor.

paragraph: More in response to Vitellius's loose regard for discipline than as a measure of his leadership qualities, the troops hailed him a second Germanicus, in reference to the able soldier and son of the younger Antonia who was Tiberius's probable heir. When Sextilia first learned of her son's rise to power, she was said to have responded that she had borne a libertine Vitellius, not a Germanicus.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: In Rome, Sextilia and Galeria Fundana were in some danger as Marcus Salvius Otho challenged Vitellius. Vitellius wrote Otho's brother and threatened to kill him and his family if the women were harmed. As it turned out, Sextilia may have had her own avenues of access to the camp of Otho, and neither of them were injured.

paragraph: Vitellius defeated Otho, and on his arrival in Rome, he embraced Sextilia and declared her Augusta. He also spent huge sums of money on food, drink, and entertainment. Troops in other parts of the empire deserted to Titus Flavius Vespasian. Vitellius was defeated in battle. Sextilia died shortly before both her sons were killed in December 69; Vitellius is even reported to have starved his own mother to death—to fulfill a prophecy that he would rule longer if his mother died first; alternatively there is a report that his mother asked for poison to commit suicide—a request he granted.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", 2000

wikidata_label: Sextilia

wikipedia_title: Sextilia


text: Domenico Ghirlandaio

text: Francesco Torni

text: Michelangelo

text: Sistine Chapel

text: Giorgio Vasari

text: Bernardino Pinturicchio

text: Villena

text: mold

text: fresco

categories: 16th-century Italian painters,15th-century Italian painters,1476 births,Italian male painters

paragraph: Jacopo Torni

paragraph: Jacopo Torni (1476–1526), also known as Jacobo Fiorentin, L'Indaco, and Jacopo dell'Indaco, was an Italian (Florentine) painter. He was a student of Domenico Ghirlandaio (1449–1494), and the brother of painter Francesco Torni (1492–1560). Jacopo assisted Michelangelo in painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, and, according to Giorgio Vasari in his "Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects", “lived in very close intimacy with Michelangelo” (Jonathan Foster translation). Jacopo is known to have collaborated with the painter Bernardino Pinturicchio (ca. 1452-1513). He died in Villena.

paragraph: He invented a plaster formula resistant to mold, which entered the Italian building and fresco tradition.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symonds, John Addington, "The life of Michelangelo Buonarroti", London, J. C. Nimmo, 1893.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vasari, Giorgio, "Le Vite delle più eccellenti pittori, scultori, ed architettori", many editions and translations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vasari, Giorgio and Jonathan Foster, "Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects", London, Bell & Daldy, 1871, 345.

alias:
Jacobo Torni
L'Indaco
Jacopo da Firenze
Jacobo, L'Indaco Torni
Jacobo Florentino
El Indaco Vecchio
Jacopo Florentino
L'Indaco the Elder
Master Jacome Florentino
Iacopo Indaco Vecchio
Iácopo l'Indaco
Jacopo di Lazzaro di Pietro Torni
Jacobo, el Indaco Florentín
Jacobo Fiorentin
Jacopo, el Indaco vecchio Torni
Jacobo el Indaco
Jacobo Fiorentín
Jacopo dell' Indaco
El Indaco
Jacobo, el Indaco
Jacobo, el Indaco Viejo Florentino
Jacopo Torni Florentino
L'Indaco Torni
Jacobo Fiorentino
Jacopo, L'Indaco Torni
Jacobo, El Indaco Torni
Jacopo dell'Indaco
Jacobo Florentin
L' Indaco
Jacobo, el vecchio Indaco
Jacopo, l'Indaco vecchio Torni
Indaco Vecchio
Jacobo Florentín
Jacopo Fiorentino
L' Indaco Vecchio
Jacopo Indaco
Jacopo, El Indaco Torni
Jacobo dell' Indaco
Master Jacobo Florentín
Jacopo, el Indaco Florentino
Master Jacobo Florentin

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Jacopo Torni

wikipedia_title: Jacopo Torni


text:
British
barrister
Liberal
Chiswick
Lincoln's Inn
called to the Bar
1812
Whig
Member of Parliament
Helston
Cornwall
1818
king's counsel
Queen Adelaide
Solicitor-General for England and Wales
knighted
Bletchingley
general election
Newton
Isle of Wight
Great Reform Act
parliamentary borough
Marylebone
London
Attorney General for England and Wales
capital punishment
Lord Chancellor
Lord Brougham
election in 1835
Master in Chancery
Bedfordshire
Harley Street

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,UK MPs 1812–1818,1860 deaths,1774 births,Attorneys General for England and Wales,Solicitors General for England and Wales,Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1830–1831,Members of Lincoln's Inn,UK MPs 1831–1832

paragraph: William Horne (Liberal politician)

paragraph: Sir William Horne (1774 – 13 July 1860) was a British barrister and Liberal politician.

paragraph: Section::::Background and education.

paragraph: The son of the Reverend Thomas Horne of Chiswick, Horne studied law at Lincoln's Inn, being called to the Bar in 1798.

paragraph: Section::::Legal and political career.

paragraph: In 1812 Horne was elected as a Whig Member of Parliament for Helston in Cornwall. He only served as the town's MP for a single term, and was unseated at the next election in 1818. On losing his seat, he returned to the law, becoming a king's counsel and bencher of Lincoln's Inn. He distinguished himself in the courts of chancery, and was briefly attorney-general to Queen Adelaide.

paragraph: On 26 November 1830 Horne was appointed Solicitor-General for England and Wales, at which time he was knighted. The office required him to hold a seat in parliament, and he was duly returned as member for Bletchingley on 18 February 1831. Parliament was dissolved in April of the same year, and in the ensuing general election he became member for Newton, Isle of Wight. His tenure in this seat was also brief, as it was abolished in the following year by the Great Reform Act. Horne became one of two MPs for the newly enfranchised parliamentary borough of Marylebone, London. In November of the same year he was promoted to Attorney General for England and Wales. Horne's opposition to capital punishment and ambitions to reform the courts led to conflict with the Lord Chancellor, Lord Brougham. He resigned from the office in February 1834, returning to private practice, and did not stand at the subsequent election in 1835. In 1839 he was appointed a Master in Chancery, an office he held until 1853.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Horne married Ann Hesse of Bedfordshire in 1799. They had a large family. Horne died at his London home, 49 Upper Harley Street, on 13 July 1860, aged 87.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: William Horne

wikipedia_title: William Horne (Liberal politician)


text: Bashklise

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Chirpan

text: Soflu

text: Bulgaria

text: Brod

text: Haskovo region

text: Kazanlak

text: Mihail Gerdzhikov

text: Lazar Madzharov

text: Georgi Kondolov

text: Levter Mechev

text: Nikola Ravashola

text: Kiro Uzunov

text: Sarmashik

text: Zvezdets

text: Stoilovo

text: Kalovo

text: Byala Voda

text: Strandzha

text: Nikola Ravashola

text: Georgi Mutafov

text: Atanas Valkanov

text: Petko Puhov

text: Thrace

categories: Bulgarian revolutionaries,Members of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization,Bulgarians from Western Thrace,1903 deaths,People from Soufli,1879 births

paragraph: Pano Angelov

paragraph: Pano Angelov Apostolov () , known also as Karabadzhakov () , was a Bulgarian revolutionary, a worker of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization (IMARO).

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Pano Angelov was born in 1879 in the village of Bashklise, in the Ottoman Empire. Pano Angelov Apostolov comes Karite family, who were emigrants from the region of Chirpan and founders of Bashkyoy (Bashklise). His grandfather Angel was a famous wrestler. His son Apostol, who was a member of the revolutionary band of Angel voyvoda, died near Soflu.

paragraph: After the liberation of Bulgaria, Pano Angelov and his family moved to the village of Brod, Haskovo region. After he finished the elementary school in Brod, he studied in the Pedagogic school in Kazanlak.

paragraph: In 1902, when Pano Angelov stopped to teach, he went to Burgas where he met Mihail Gerdzhikov, Lazar Madzharov, Georgi Kondolov, Levter Mechev, Nikola Ravashola, Kiro Uzunov and other members of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization (IMARO). He was chosen a leader of regions of Sarmashik, Zvezdets, Stoilovo, Kalovo and Byala Voda. He toured the villages of Strandzha, formed groups for executions, made conspiracies, collected finances and supplied the organization with weapons. He showed remarkable organizational qualities, courage, coolness, honour and manners, because of which his revolutionary band earned the confidence of the population. All villages of his region of supervision founded groups for executions, organized a network of couriers, supplied weapons and ammunition and provided new freedom fighters to join the bands.

paragraph: On March 28, 1903, the revolutionary band of Pano Angelov, together with its members Nikola Ravashola, Georgi Mutafov, Atanas Valkanov and Petko Puhov, was in the village of Sarmashik (today known as Brashlyan), where the band was betrayed. Pano Angelov and Nikola Ravashola were killed in the battle that had begun. Their death and heroism was glorified in the song "Yasen mesets", that is known as the Marseillaise of Strandzha.

paragraph: In 1997, on the occasion of the centenary of the foundation of the organization in Thrace and 94-year anniversary of the heroism in Sarmashik, a remembrance plaque was erected in Dimanova polyana (Brashlyansko zemlishte), where Pano Angelov was killed.

description: Bulgarian revolutionary/worker:Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization

wikidata_label: Pano Angelov

wikipedia_title: Pano Angelov


text: Hannover

text: electronic music

text: producer

text: DJ

text: Gigolo Records

text: Gigolo Records

text: Oliver Huntemann official

text: Oliver Huntemann

text: Discogs

categories: Musicians from Hamburg,People from Hanover,German techno musicians,People from Oldenburg,1968 births,German electronic musicians,German DJs,Living people

paragraph: Oliver Huntemann

paragraph: Oliver Huntemann (born 19 June 1968, Hannover) is a German electronic music producer and internationally touring DJ.

paragraph: Section::::Selected discography.

paragraph: Section::::Selected discography.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Propaganda "(October 2017 - Senso Sounds)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paranoia "(November 2011 - Confused Recordings)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- H-3 "(May 2009 – Ideal Audio)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fieber "(March 2006 – Confused Recordings/Gigolo Records)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Too Many Presents For One Girl "(2004 – Confused Recordings)"

paragraph: Section::::Selected discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poltergeist "(September 2017 - Senso Sounds)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rotlicht "(July 2017 - Senso Sounds)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shanghai Spinner "(June 2009 - Ideal Audio)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rikarda "(February 2009 – Ideal Audio)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- PLAY! 02 ep: Paris/La Boum "(April 2008 – Confused Recordings)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hamburger Berg "(Dec 2007 – Confused Recordings)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- PLAY! 01 ep: São Paulo "(Mar 2007 – Confused Recordings)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- German Beauty "(Dec 2006 – Confused Recordings)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fieber Remixes "(Aug 2006 – Confused Recordings)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Broadcast Service "(September 2005 – Dance Electric)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Terminate The Fire (feat. Chelonis R. Jones) "(July 2005 – Dance Electric)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sweet Sensations (May 2005 – "Confused Recordings/Gigolo Records)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- DiscoTech UK Mixes – "(November 2003 – Confused Recordings)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Freeze "(September 2003 – Confused Recordings)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- DiscoTech "(2003 – Confused Recordings / Zomba)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phreaks 2.1 "(2001 – Panik)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wildes Treiben "(2001 – Confused Recordings)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alte Liebe "(2000 – Confused Recordings)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Playground "(1997 – Confused Recordings)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Electric City "(1996 – Confused Recordings)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Styles "(1995 – Confused Recordings)"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oliver Huntemann official

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oliver Huntemann's Ideal Audio label site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oliver Huntemann at Discogs

description: German musician

wikidata_label: Oliver Huntemann

wikipedia_title: Oliver Huntemann


text:
Spanish
still life
Madrid
Juan de Solis
Daniel Seghers
Mario Nuzzi
Louvre
San Jerónimo el Real
Naturaleza muerte
Bodegón
Biblioteca Museu Víctor Balaguer

categories: 17th-century Spanish painters,1614 births,1676 deaths,Spanish male painters,Artists from Madrid,Spanish Baroque painters

paragraph: Juan de Arellano

paragraph: Juan de Arellano (3 August 1614 – 13 October 1676) was a Spanish painter of the Baroque era who specialized in floral still life paintings.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Santorcaz, near Madrid, where he died. He was a pupil of Juan de Solis. Heavily influenced by Flemish artists (such as Daniel Seghers) and Italian painters (such as Mario Nuzzi), Juan de Arellano was considered to be exceptional in this subject matter. According to one of his colleagues, de Arellano decided to focus exclusively on floral paintings because it offered more pay while requiring less work. Some of de Arellano's most famous pieces include "Bouquet of Flowers" (c.1660), and "Garland of Flowers, Birds and Butterfly", currently on display at the Louvre. He also painted for the sacristy of the church of San Jerónimo el Real of Madrid. Compare the term Naturaleza muerte or Bodegón for a description of one style of Spanish still life paintings.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vase of Flowers" (first half of the 17th century)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Still Life with a Basket of Flowers", oil on linen, 46.5 x 60.5 cm (c. 1650), Museum of Fine Arts in Bilbao

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flowers in a Vase" (1650)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Still Life with Flowers" (c. 1650-1670)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flowers on a Basket on a Plinth" - two images (1664)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vase of Flowers" - two images (1664)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vase of Flowers" - different image (1668)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Basket of Flowers" (between 1668 and 1670)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Basket of Flowers", oil on linen, 84.5 x 107 cm (1670), Museo del Prado, Madrid

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Small Basket of Flowers" (1671)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Basket of Flowers" (1671)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Basket of Flowers" (between 1671 and 1673)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Basket of Flowers" (between 1675 and 1676). Biblioteca Museu Víctor Balaguer

alias:
Juan de Arullano
Juan De Arellano
Juan Arellano
Juan Antonio de Arellano
Arellano
Ju.o de Arellano
juan de arellano
Ju.^To^R de Arellano
Ju^To^R de Arellano

description: painter from Spain

wikidata_label: Juan de Arellano

wikipedia_title: Juan de Arellano


text:
condottiero
Scaliger
Lords of Verona
Jacopino della Scala
podestà
Cerea
Ezzelino III da Romano
Ghibelline
capitano del popolo
seigniory
Lonigo
Montebello
Vicenza
bishop of Trent
Republic of Venice
Adige River
Guelph
Mantua
Conradin
Hohenstaufen
Kingdom of Sicily
Pope Clement IV
Charles I of Anjou
excommunicated
Cathars
Sirmione
Arena
Bocca
Alberto
aristocracy

categories: People excommunicated by the Catholic Church,Condottieri,1277 deaths,Assassinated Italian people,Scaliger family,13th-century births

paragraph: Mastino I della Scala

paragraph: Mastino I della Scala (died 26 October 1277), born Leonardo or Leonardino, was an Italian "condottiero," who founded the Scaliger house of Lords of Verona.

paragraph: The son of Jacopino della Scala, he was "podestà" of Cerea in 1259, and then "podestà" of Verona. Ezzelino III da Romano, the chief Ghibelline leader of northern Italy, died that year, and Mastino inherited his role. In 1260 he obtained the position of "capitano del popolo" ("people's captain") of Verona, managing to establish a hereditary seigniory, with a generally Ghibelline stance, from 1263. In the following year he led the Veronese army to the conquest of Lonigo and Montebello, menacing Vicenza. He was also able to shortly annex the lands of the bishop of Trent. Mastino also obtained an agreement with the Republic of Venice which granted to the Veronese free access to trades on the Adige River and signed a treaty of peace with the Guelph city of Mantua.

paragraph: In 1267, when Conradin, last of the Hohenstaufen, descended into Italy to reconquer the Kingdom of Sicily, Mastino allied with him. Pope Clement IV, ally of the current King of Naples Charles I of Anjou, excommunicated Conradin and all his Ghibelline supporters, including Mastino and Verona itself. The excommunication was raised only when, a few years later, 166 Cathars captured in Sirmione were publicly burnt alive in the Arena.

paragraph: During the lord's absence, a civil war broke out, spurred by the counts of San Bonifacio, who managed to capture most of Scaliger's garrisons. Mastino's brother Bocca died during the fighting. Mastino's reaction was however stiff, and he soon defeated the rebels. He also managed to impose his brother Alberto as "podestà" of Mantua, which had been the traditional supporter of the Veronese anti-Scaliger exiles.

paragraph: Mastino was assassinated in Verona in 1277 by a member of the local aristocracy who was averse to the rule of the Scaliger; the alleged involvement of Alberto in the conspiracy is unproven. Alberto himself was able to maintain the seigniory.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: br

description: Italian Condottiero

wikidata_label: Mastino I della Scala

wikipedia_title: Mastino I della Scala


text:
Glasgow
football
goalkeeper
Aberdeen
Queen's Park
Washington Whips
San Antonio Thunder
Clyde
Scotland
Scottish League
Queen's Park F.C.
Aberdeen F.C.
Scottish Cup
League Cup
Premier League Championship
defender
Rangers
Ibrox Park
Ernie McGarr
the club's all-time list
Jordanhill College
United Soccer Association
Washington Whips
NASL
San Antonio Thunder
Scottish First Division
Clyde
Forres Mechanics
Buckie Thistle
Highland League Cup
Elgin
Edwin van der Sar
Bulgaria
Stoyan Yordanov
Fraser Forster
Scott Brown
Scotland national football team
1978 FIFA World Cup
Highlanders F.C.
Dartmouth College
New Zealand national football team
Stanford University
University of Notre Dame
Jamie
Major League Soccer
Washington Huskies men's soccer
Profile at Notre Dame
Dark Blue Dons profile

categories: Scottish Football League representative players,Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's soccer coaches,National Professional Soccer League (1967) players,Forres Mechanics F.C. players,Scottish expatriate footballers,Association football goalkeepers,Scottish footballers,Highlanders F.C. managers,Washington Whips players,Scotland international footballers,Clyde F.C. players,Scotland under-21 international footballers,Scotland amateur international footballers,Expatriate soccer players in the United States,Aberdeen F.C. players,New Zealand national football team managers,Dartmouth Big Green men's soccer coaches,Queen's Park F.C. players,Stanford Cardinal men's soccer coaches,Scotland under-23 international footballers,Scottish Football League players,Sportspeople from Glasgow,Scottish football managers,North American Soccer League (1968–84) players,United Soccer Association players,Living people,1978 FIFA World Cup players,Scottish expatriate sportspeople in the United States,Association football defenders,1945 births,San Antonio Thunder players

paragraph: Bobby Clark (footballer)

paragraph: Robert Brown Clark (born 26 September 1945 in Glasgow) is a Scottish football player and coach. Clark, who played as a goalkeeper, spent most of his playing career with Aberdeen. He also played for Queen's Park, Washington Whips, San Antonio Thunder and Clyde. Clark played 17 times for Scotland and represented the Scottish League. He later became a coach, mainly working in New Zealand and the United States.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Clark started his senior career with Queen's Park F.C. and also played for Aberdeen F.C., with whom he won the 1970 Scottish Cup, the 1977 League Cup and the 1980 Premier League Championship. During his time with the "Dons", Clark played some games as a defender, including against Rangers at Ibrox Park, after losing his place in goal to Ernie McGarr. With 594 competitive appearances for Aberdeen between 1965 and 1980, he is ranked third in the club's all-time list.

paragraph: Clark graduated from Jordanhill College in Glasgow, Scotland in 1967 with a degree in Physical Education. He was named first team all-star goalkeeper in the 1967 United Soccer Association playing for the Washington Whips and making the USA All Star Team. He also spent the summer of 1976, on loan, in the NASL, playing for the San Antonio Thunder.

paragraph: A fan of Scottish First Division side Clyde, Clark came out of retirement in 1983 to help Clyde when they had a goalkeeping injury crisis. His father, Tom, was once the chairman of Clyde. In autumn 1984 he once more came out of retirement to keep goal for Forres Mechanics in a 1–0 victory over Buckie Thistle in the Highland League Cup Final held at Elgin.

paragraph: Clark set the British top-flight record for not conceding a goal in consecutive, all-competition matches (at 1,155 minutes) in the 1970–71 season, until Edwin van der Sar set a new mark on 8 February 2009. He also briefly held the world record, until Bulgarian goalkeeper Stoyan Yordanov set a new record of 1202 minutes in May 1971. Fraser Forster broke the Scottish league record in 2014 and was congratulated by Clark after the match in which it was surpassed. He still holds the Aberdeen club record, although this was threatened by the form of Scott Brown in early 2015.

paragraph: He earned 17 caps for the Scotland national football team, and was Scotland's backup goalkeeper at the 1978 FIFA World Cup.

paragraph: Section::::Management career.

paragraph: Clark coached Highlanders F.C., Bulawayo (1983–84), Dartmouth College (1985–93), the New Zealand national football team (1994–96), Stanford University (1996–2000) and the University of Notre Dame men's soccer team (2001–2017). He now assistant coaches for the CMS women’s soccer team and declared the Athena’s the most talented and interesting group he has ever coached.

paragraph: In November 2018, Clark was one of four inductees into the Aberdeen "Hall of Fame".

paragraph: Section::::Family associations.

paragraph: His son Jamie has played in Major League Soccer and is currently the head coach of the Washington Huskies men's soccer team. His son Tommy, a paediatrician, is the founder and executive director of the HIV prevention organisation Grassroot Soccer. His daughter, Jennifer Clark, is also a soccer coach and is currently the Head Women's Coach at Claremont-McKenna in California.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Notre Dame

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dark Blue Dons profile at "AFC Heritage Trust"

description: Scottish footballer and manager

wikidata_label: Bobby Clark

wikipedia_title: Bobby Clark (footballer)


text: PC

text: Whig

text: Home Secretary

text: Lord Lieutenant of Ireland

text: Great Famine

text: Cumberland

text: Lady Henrietta Frances

text: John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer

text: Sir Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby

text: William Ponsonby, 1st Baron de Mauley

text: Lady Caroline Lamb

text: Lord Granville

text: Harrow

text: Christ Church, Oxford

text: First Commissioner of Woods and Forests

text: Lord Grey

text: Lord Melbourne

text: Home Secretary

text: Lord Privy Seal

text: Lord Lieutenant of Ireland

text: Lord John Russell

text: Privy Counsellor

text: Lord Lieutenant of Kilkenny

text: Reform Act 1832

text: Lady Maria Fane

text: John Fane, 10th Earl of Westmorland

text: Sarah Anne Child

text: Lady Emily Charlotte Mary

text: Spencer Gore

text: Wimbledon

text: Charles Gore

text: Bishop of Oxford

text: Earl of Mayo

text: Lady Emily Charlotte Mary Ponsonby

text: Charles Ponsonby, 2nd Baron de Mauley

text: Spencer Cecil Ponsonby-Fane

text: John

text: Frederick

text: Walter

text: MA

text: MA

text: MP

text: MA

text: MA

text: MP

text: MA

text: MP

text: PC

text: MA

text: PC

text: MA

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,UK MPs 1812–1818,UK MPs 1826–1830,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,Lord-Lieutenants of Kilkenny,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Kilkenny constituencies (1801–1922),UK MPs 1807–1812,Lords Lieutenant of Ireland,UK MPs 1820–1826,UK MPs 1802–1806,1847 deaths,UK MPs 1818–1820,People educated at Harrow School,Lord-Lieutenants of Carlow,1781 births,UK MPs 1830–1831,Lords Privy Seal,UK MPs 1831–1832,Secretaries of State for the Home Department,Ponsonby family,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Cork constituencies (1801–1922)

paragraph: John Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough

paragraph: John William Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough, PC (31 August 1781 – 16 May 1847), known as Viscount Duncannon from 1793 to 1844, was a British Whig politician. He was notably Home Secretary in 1834 and served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland between 1846 and 1847, the first years of the Great Famine.

paragraph: Section::::Background and education.

paragraph: A member of the prominent Ponsonby family of Cumberland, he was the eldest son of Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl of Bessborough, and Lady Henrietta Frances, daughter of John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer. Sir Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby and William Ponsonby, 1st Baron de Mauley, were his younger brothers, while Lady Caroline Lamb was his younger sister. Ponsonby's mother was Lord Granville's lover prior to his marriage to Lady Harriet Cavendish, the Countess of Bessborough's niece. Lord Granville fathered two illegitimate children through her: Harriette Stewart and George Stewart. Lord Bessborough was educated at Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: He was First Commissioner of Woods and Forests under Lord Grey (1831–1834) and served under Lord Melbourne in that office (1835–1841), briefly as Home Secretary (1834), and as Lord Privy Seal (1835–1839). Later, he served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland under Lord John Russell from 1846 until his death on 16 May 1847. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1831 and in 1834, ten years before he succeeded his father, he was created Baron Duncannon, of Bessborough in the County of Kilkenny. He was Lord Lieutenant of Kilkenny from November 1838 until his death.

paragraph: His political career was hampered by a noted stammer, which made him a very reluctant public speaker: as Lord Duncannon he was unkindly nicknamed "Dumbcannon". In private on the other hand he was regarded as a valued colleague in Government, due largely to his ability to keep his head in a crisis. He was one of the so-called Committee of Four who drafted the Reform Act 1832.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: John Ponsonby married Lady Maria Fane, daughter of John Fane, 10th Earl of Westmorland, and Sarah Anne Child, on 16 November 1805 at Berkeley Square, London. They had eight sons and six daughters. Their daughter Lady Emily Charlotte Mary remained unmarried but she wrote a number of novels which were published without attribution. Through his daughter Lady Augusta Gore, Bessborough was the grandfather of sportsman Spencer Gore, who won the first Wimbledon singles title in 1877, and the Rt. Rev. Charles Gore, the Bishop of Oxford.

paragraph: Children of Lord and Lady Bessborough:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Georgiana Sarah Ponsonby (15 August 1807 – 25 June 1861), married Rev. Sackville Bourke, nephew of the Earl of Mayo

paragraph: BULLET::::- John George Brabazon Ponsonby, 5th Earl of Bessborough (14 October 1809 – 28 January 1880)

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Wentworth Brabazon Ponsonby (29 December 1812 – 8 July 1831)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Augusta Lavinia Priscilla Ponsonby (11 May 1814 – 19 November 1904), married firstly William Petty-FitzMaurice, Earl of Kerry, 1834; secondly, the Hon. Charles Alexander Gore, 1845

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frederick George Brabazon Ponsonby, 6th Earl of Bessborough (11 September 1815 – 11 March 1895)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Emily Charlotte Mary Ponsonby (17 February 1817 – 3 February 1877)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Maria Jane Elizabeth Ponsonby (14 March 1819 – 13 September 1897), married Hon. Charles Ponsonby, 2nd Baron de Mauley

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. George Arthur Brabazon Ponsonby (17 May 1820 – 1841)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reverend Walter William Brabazon Ponsonby, 7th Earl of Bessborough (13 August 1821 – 24 February 1906)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rt. Hon. Sir Spencer Cecil Ponsonby-Fane (14 March 1824 – 1 December 1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Harriet Frederica Anne Ponsonby (17 June 1825 – 16 November 1900)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Kathleen Louisa Georgina Ponsonby (30 August 1826 – 9 July 1863), married Frederick Edward Bunbury Tighe.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Son, died in infancy (28 May 1828 – 5 July 1828)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Gerald Henry Brabazon Ponsonby (17 July 1829 – 30 November 1908)

paragraph: The Viscountess Duncannon died in March 1834, aged 46. Lord Bessborough survived her by thirteen years and died in May 1847, aged 65. He was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, John, and subsequently by his younger sons Frederick and Walter. Bessborough Gardens in London is named after Lord Bessborough.

paragraph: Section::::Styles of address.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1781–1793: "The Honourable" John Ponsonby

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1793–1802: Viscount Duncannon

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1802–1805: Viscount Duncannon MA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1805–1806: Viscount Duncannon MA MP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1806–1810: Viscount Duncannon MA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1810–1831: Viscount Duncannon MA MP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1831–1834: "The Right Honourable" Viscount Duncannon MA MP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1834–1844: "The Right Honourable" The Lord Duncannon PC MA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1844–1847: "The Right Honourable" The Earl of Bessborough PC MA

description: British politician

wikidata_label: John Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough

wikipedia_title: John Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough


text:
bishop of Nicomedia
Bithynia
persecution of Christians
Diocletian
Eusebius
20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia
daemon
conflated
Philip Schaff
Henry Wace
Chronicon Paschale
Lucian of Antioch
Maximinus Daia

categories: Saints from Roman Anatolia,3rd-century births,4th-century Christian martyrs,4th-century Romans,4th-century bishops,4th-century deaths

paragraph: Anthimus of Nicomedia

paragraph: Anthimus of Nicomedia (martyred 303 or 311–12), was the bishop of Nicomedia in Bithynia, where he was beheaded during a persecution of Christians, traditionally placed under Diocletian (following Eusebius), in which "rivers of blood" flowed.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Nicomedia was Diocletian's chief place of residence and was half-Christian, the palace itself being filled with Christians. Christian sources memorialized the "20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia". The main Christian church of Nicomedia was destroyed on February 23, 303, and the First Edict was published on the following day. Shortly after the promulgation of the edict, a fire broke out in the imperial palace; the Christians were blamed. The massacres transpired in the Christian communities of Bithynia after altars were set up in the marketplaces, in which no transactions were permitted until a token sacrifice to the gods and the "daemon" of the Augustus had been performed.

paragraph: At the request of members of his congregation, Anthimus took refuge in the small village of Omana, where he provided aid to survivors and sent letters exhorting the Christians to stand firm. When the soldiers of Maximinus were sent to find him, he welcomed them and fed them before revealing who he was. (The detail referring to Maximinus suggests that two persecutions have been conflated.)Amazed at his kindness, the soldiers promised him to tell Maximinus that they had not found him, but Anthimus returned with them, and converted and baptized them along the way.

paragraph: Philip Schaff and Henry Wace note that a fragmentary letter preserved in the "Chronicon Paschale", as written in prison by the presbyter Lucian of Antioch awaiting death, mentions Anthimus, bishop of Nicomedia, as having just suffered martyrdom. Schaff and Wace note that Lucian was imprisoned and put to death during the persecution of Maximinus Daia (in 311 or 312) and therefore conclude that, if the fragment is genuine, Anthimus suffered martyrdom not under Diocletian but under Maximinus.

description: Bishop of Nicomedia

wikidata_label: Anthimus of Nicomedia

wikipedia_title: Anthimus of Nicomedia


text:
British
rally racing
co-driver
World Rally Championship
Petter Solberg
Trefeglwys
Powys
Welsh Sports Hall of Fame
Wales Rally
Subaru World Rally Team
Citroën C4 WRC
Elfyn Evans
2018 Tour de Corse
Daniel Barritt
2018 Rally Mexico
Dirt Rally 2.0
Subaru World Rally Team
Phil Mills profile
Phil Mills eWRC stats page
Phil's blog on ScoobyNet

categories: 1963 births,People from Powys,Welsh rally drivers,British rally co-drivers,Living people

paragraph: Phil Mills

paragraph: Phil Mills (born 30 August 1963) is a British rally racing co-driver. He was winner of the 2003 World Rally Championship (WRC), as co-driver to Petter Solberg.

paragraph: Mills was born in Trefeglwys, Powys. He has a place in the Welsh Sports Hall of Fame, as the first Welshman to win the Wales Rally. His first rally was in 1983, and his WRC debut in 1994. He joined Solberg in Ford in 1999, later moving with him to the Subaru World Rally Team.

paragraph: Mills lives with his partner Helen and their children in Powys.

paragraph: On 11 June 2010, Mills announced his immediate retirement from co-driving to concentrate on his motorsport preparation business.

paragraph: The 1-2 November, Mills returned to the WRC with Petter Solberg in the 2014 Rallye du Condroz with a Citroën C4 WRC. Mills later served as a co-driver for Elfyn Evans in the 2018 Tour de Corse, filling in for Daniel Barritt who suffered a concussion during the 2018 Rally Mexico. Mills also lent his voice as a co-driver in the 2019 racing video game "Dirt Rally 2.0".

paragraph: Section::::Results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 class win in Wales Road Rally Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 and 1993 Welsh National Champion

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 Team Co-ordinator for Ford at Rally GB

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 2nd in British Championship with Mark Higgins, coordinated for M-Sport and Co-drives for Armin Schwarz in Corsica

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 Wins British Rally Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 6th overall in WRC

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 joins Petter Solberg at Ford, 18th in WRC

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 both join Subaru - 10th in WRC

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 10th in WRC

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 2nd in WRC, 1 win (Wales)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 World Rally Champion, 4 wins (Cyprus, Australia, Corsica, Wales)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 2nd in WRC, 5 wins (New Zealand, Acropolis, Japan, Wales, Sardinia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 2nd in WRC, 3 wins (Sweden, Mexico, Wales)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 6th in WRC

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 5th in WRC

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 6th in WRC

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 5th in WRC

paragraph: Between 1988 and 1990 he co-drove in 88 rallies.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Subaru World Rally Team

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phil Mills profile Phil Mills profile on wrc.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phil Mills eWRC stats page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phil's blog on ScoobyNet Phil Mills blog on ScoobyNet

description: British racing driver

wikidata_label: Phil Mills

wikipedia_title: Phil Mills


text:
stage name
Murderdolls
Frankenstein Drag Queens from Planet 13
Bourbon Crow
EP
Frankenstein Drag Queens from Planet 13
Murderdolls
EP
tribute album
Alice Cooper
Sweet
Alice Cooper
Joey Jordison
Slipknot
Murderdolls
Tripp Eisen
Static-X
Dope
Right to Remain Violent
Beyond the Valley of the Murderdolls
Billy Idol
White Wedding
"Kerrang" magazine
KISS
Matt Montgomery
Viking Skull
Transylvania 90210
music video
Night of the Living Dead
Download Festival
Donington
Roadrunner Records
Rykodisc
Fang Bang
Motörhead
R.A.M.O.N.E.S.
Roky Erickson
Skeletons
Hot Topic
Fuck It, We'll Do It Live
Allentown, Pennsylvania
iTunes
Facebook
American Red Cross
Nuclear Blast
outlaw country
Bourbon Crow
Highway to Hangovers
Todd Youth
The Chelsea Smiles
Myspace
Bullets and Octane
The Late, Late, Late Show
Night of the Living Drag Queens
Songs from the Recently Deceased
Viva Las Violence
6 Years, 6 Feet Under the Influence
Little Box of Horrors
Right To Remain Violent
Beyond the Valley of the Murderdolls
Women and Children Last
Highway to Hangovers
Fuck It, We'll Do It Live
Beyond the Valley of the Murderdolls
Dawson's Creek
Women and Children Last
Symphony for the Devil
Lexington, North Carolina
Wednesday 13
Myspace

categories: Horror punk musicians,1976 births,American male singers,American rock singers,Murderdolls members,Roadrunner Records artists,Rykodisc artists,Singers from North Carolina,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people

paragraph: Wednesday 13

paragraph: Joseph Michael Poole (born August 12, 1976) is an American singer and musician best known by his stage name Wednesday 13. As well as his solo career, he is known for being the frontman of Murderdolls. He has also played in several other bands, including Maniac Spider Trash, Frankenstein Drag Queens from Planet 13, Bourbon Crow, and Gunfire 76.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:Psycho Opera and Maniac Spider Trash.

paragraph: Poole's musical career began in 1992 when he played guitar in the band Mizery, which later became Psycho Opera and which featured guitarist Abby Normal, drummer Jeff Washam, bassist Michael Patrick, and lead vocalist Todd Cage. Poole left the band to form Maniac Spider Trash as lead vocalist, alongside Abby Normal (again on guitar) and Michael Patrick (also filling his earlier role as bassist), joined by Sicko Zero on drums. Poole fronted the band from 1992 to 1996. The band released one EP, "Dumpster Mummies", on Dead Hell Records in 1994. This was followed by an album, "Murder Happy Fairytales", in 1995; the album remained unreleased until October 5, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:Frankenstein Drag Queens from Planet 13.

paragraph: Poole went on to form the Frankenstein Drag Queens from Planet 13, which included Maniac Spider Trash's guitarist and drummer, Abby Normal and Sicko Zero. The band featured several different guitarists, bassists, and drummers over the years, leaving Poole to continue as the only original member. Sicko Zero was the last member to quit the band. Shortly after, Poole was forced to form another line-up before joining Murderdolls. Poole wrote and produced every album by Frankenstein Drag Queens from Planet 13. Between 1996 and 2002, Frankenstein Drag Queens from Planet 13 released five studio albums and six EPs with various revolving members. They were also featured on tribute albums for Alice Cooper, and Sweet. Poole stopped performing under the name in 2002 when he joined Murderdolls. In May 2006, the band announced their reunion, which was followed by a tour with Alice Cooper and a box set of the band's complete discography, entitled "Little Box of Horrors". This line-up featured Sicko Zero on drums and Abby Normal on bass. The band broke up once again shortly after the box set was released.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:Murderdolls.

paragraph: Poole was contacted by Joey Jordison of Slipknot and was asked to join Jordison's new horror punk band, Murderdolls. Originally formed as a collaboration between Jordison and Tripp Eisen of Static-X and Dope, Poole was revealed as the driving force of the band after he switched from bass guitar to lead vocalist. Murderdolls released one EP in 2002, "Right to Remain Violent", to promote their forthcoming album of the same year, "Beyond the Valley of the Murderdolls". Most of the songs on the album were re-recorded versions of songs by Poole's previous band, Frankenstein Drag Queens from Planet 13. A total of two singles were released from the album, including a cover of Billy Idol's "White Wedding". The album reached No. 40 on the UK album chart.

paragraph: Murderdolls played their last show on January 17, 2004. After this, they went on an indefinite hiatus, with Jordison returning to Slipknot. Since this hiatus began, both Poole and Jordison maintained that the band did not split up for good, and that they would return to record a second album in the future. In February 2010, while on a solo tour in Australia, Poole spoke with Drum Media: "We're possibly going to do another Wednesday record, record it in the summer and have it out around Halloween. We're in talks right now to do another Murderdolls album. So right now I don't know which of the two is going to happen, of course if Murderdolls is possible then we have to do that, it's gotta be the number one priority. It's just talks right now. We're having the same conversations that we were having in the very beginning of the band. Right now, we're just trying to get a game plan together."

paragraph: In March 2010, Jordison revealed to "Kerrang" magazine that Murderdolls had reunited to work with producer Chris Harris. Jordison said: "It's been an ongoing conversation between Wednesday and I from 2006 until now. We were bored with everything out there, and thought we had something to piss people off and shake things up. Everything is such a product or a fucking formula these days... fuck formula! Fuck the norm!" Murderdolls released their second album, "Women and Children Last", on August 31, 2010. In March 2013, Wednesday 13 announced in an interview that the Murderdolls had split for good in 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:Wednesday 13.

paragraph: After the Murderdolls went on hiatus in 2004, Poole went on a solo tour of the United Kingdom in March 2004, called the "Graveyard A Go-Go" tour. For his live performances, he was joined by members of horror punk band Death Becomes You, though this was not meant to be permanent. Poole returned to North Carolina in June 2004, and began to put together a more permanent band, with whom he would perform with under the Wednesday 13 name. He brought in former Frankenstein Drag Queens member, Ikky, on guitar. The band is heavily influenced by the likes of KISS and Alice Cooper, while not straying far from Poole's previous horror punk projects. In September 2004, Ikky was replaced with Matt Montgomery. Wednesday 13 toured Europe in November 2004 on the "Look What the Bats Dragged in" tour. Some of the dates were supported by English rockers Viking Skull.

paragraph: In 2005, after touring, Poole released his debut album "Transylvania 90210", and made a music video for the track "I Walked with a Zombie", depicting the band members in footage from the original "Night of the Living Dead" horror movie. Following the album's release, the group embarked on a tour of the United Kingdom, entitled "Tour from the Crypt". Also in 2005, they played on the main stage of Download Festival at Donington, and opened some shows for Alice Cooper around Halloween.

paragraph: Poole parted ways with Roadrunner Records before signing a new deal with Rykodisc, with whom he released "Fang Bang", the follow-up to "Transylvania 90210", on September 12, 2006. The European version of the album contains a cover of Motörhead's "R.A.M.O.N.E.S." and the Japanese edition features the same track listing as the European CD, along with a bonus song entitled "Good Day to Die". The American edition features "Burn the Flames", a Roky Erickson cover, as its sole bonus track. "Skeletons" was released on April 29, 2008, available exclusively through Hot Topic locations in the United States. It was released in the UK on May 12, 2008 by DR2 Records.

paragraph: On November 14, 2008, Poole released his first live album, "Fuck It, We'll Do It Live". The CD/DVD package was recorded in 2008 at Crocodile Rock in Allentown, Pennsylvania. For distribution of this album, Wednesday 13 chose to release it exclusively through Hot Topic, just as he had for "Skeletons". A two-track digital download entitled "Xanaxtasy" was released on December 24, 2010 through iTunes. The release was announced via Wednesday 13's Facebook page on December 20, 2010, and contains two songs recorded during Wednesday's 2009 sessions. Out of the two songs, "Xanaxtasy" was previously released in the "Bloodwork EP" limited edition vinyl, and "It's a Wonderful Lie" was previously released on Wednesday's limited edition vinyl release "From Here to the Hearse". During May 2011, Poole released a remix album/EP titled "Re-Animated" and announced that a portion of all sales for the first month would be donated to the American Red Cross.

paragraph: On Wednesday, July 13, Wednesday released the track listing for "Calling All Corpses" via Bravewords.com. The album was released on October 11 in the US and October 10 overseas. He released his fifth album, "The Dixie Dead," on February 19, 2013. He released his sixth album, "," on January 12, 2015. He released his seventh album, "Condolences," on June 2, 2017 after signing with Nuclear Blast.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:Bourbon Crow.

paragraph: Since 2005, Poole, under the alias of Buck Bourbon, maintained an outlaw country side project called Bourbon Crow. Wednesday 13 was in contact with former drummer Jeff Washam from Psycho Opera and was going to tour on the East Coast project. Scheduling prevented JW from doing the tour. The band released their first album in 2006, "Highway to Hangovers", and their second album, "Long Way to the Bottom", was released in 2009. In 2015 the band released their third album "Off the Wagon on the Rocks"

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:Gunfire 76.

paragraph: Poole teamed up with Todd Youth (of The Chelsea Smiles) to write and record an album with a more glam rock sound and without any horror themes, under the band name Gunfire 76. Rough mixes of the album's title track, "Casualties & Tragedies", were uploaded onto the band's Myspace page on August 12, 2009 for the fans to get an idea of what the band sounded like. The album debuted on October 6, 2009. Gunfire 76 toured from December 2009 to January 2010 with Bullets and Octane on the First Blood tour.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bad Things" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Walked with a Zombie" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Xanaxtasy" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scream Baby Scream (Ghost Boo-Ty Mix) / Xanaxtasy" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tunes From The Crypt No.1" (2014)

paragraph: Section::::Other album appearances.

paragraph: Section::::Other album appearances.:Maniac Spider Trash.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dumpster Mummies" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Murder Happy Fairytales" (2011)

paragraph: Section::::Other album appearances.:Frankenstein Drag Queens from Planet 13.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Late, Late, Late Show" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Night of the Living Drag Queens" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Songs from the Recently Deceased" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Viva Las Violence" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "6 Years, 6 Feet Under the Influence" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Little Box of Horrors" (2006)

paragraph: Section::::Other album appearances.:Murderdolls.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Right To Remain Violent" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beyond the Valley of the Murderdolls" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Women and Children Last" (2010)

paragraph: Section::::Other album appearances.:Bourbon Crow.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Highway to Hangovers" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Long Way to the Bottom" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Off the Wagon on the Rocks" (2015)

paragraph: Section::::Other album appearances.:Gunfire 76.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Casualties & Tragedies" (6 Oct 2009)

paragraph: The seemingly limitless energy that drives Wednesday 13 led to another project in the shape of Gunfire 76.

paragraph: Casualties & Tragedies (2009) has been the only output of the Wednesday 13/Todd Youth (Danzig) collaboration so far.

paragraph: The mastermind himself judges the album as, my extension into the rock world that has clearly been influenced by the New York Dolls and the Stooges.

paragraph: 1. Let's Kill The Hero

paragraph: 2. Casualties and Tragedies

paragraph: 3. Nothing's All I Need

paragraph: 4. Los Angel-less

paragraph: 5. Rocket To Nowhere

paragraph: 6. Something For The Suffering

paragraph: 7. One More Reason To Hate You

paragraph: 8. Tell You Like It Is

paragraph: 9. What Did You Expect

paragraph: 10. Back To The Gutter

paragraph: 11. Get Me Through The Night

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Wednesday 13.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wednesday 13's Weirdo A Go-Go" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fuck It, We'll Do It Live" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scream Britain Scream" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "South Of Hell: 666 Days On The Road" (2017)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Frankenstein Drag Queens From Planet 13.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Natural Born Weirdos" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Transvestite Chainsaw Massacre" (2006)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Murderdolls.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beyond the Valley of the Murderdolls" Deluxe edition DVD (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dawson's Creek S06Ep6 "Living Dead Girl" - as "The Band" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Women and Children Last" Deluxe edition DVD (2010)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Type O Negative.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Symphony for the Devil" (2006)

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Poole is originally from Lexington, North Carolina. He has one daughter, Zoie Starr Poole, with his ex-wife Roxanne and has a granddaughter named Pyper who was born on July 3, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wednesday 13 on Myspace

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Wednesday 13

wikipedia_title: Wednesday 13


text:
Banu Asad
Ali
Hasan ibn Ali
Husayn ibn Ali
Kufa
Karbala
Shia Imam
Yazid
Umar ibn Sa'ad
Ahl al-bayt
Imam Husayn Shrine
Zaynab bint Ali
Abbas ibn Ali
Ali Akbar ibn Husayn
Ali Asghar ibn Husayn
Zuhayr ibn Qayn
Shia Islam
Burayr ibn Khuzayr al-Hamadani

categories: Twelvers,People killed at the Battle of Karbala,Sahabah favored by Shias,Year of birth missing

paragraph: Habib ibn Madhahir

paragraph: Habīb ibn Madhāhir al-Asadi () was of the Banu Asad clan, and one of the companions of Ali, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali. He was one of the people of Kufa who sent letters to Husayn ibn Ali (grandson of Muhammad) and invited him to Kufa. Though, when he realized that people of Kufa have broken their allegiance to Husayn, he left Kufa, joined Husayn, and was martyred at the age of 75 while fighting in Husayn's army, in Karbala.

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Karbala.

paragraph: Habib heavily contributed in the Battle of Karbala. He fought with the third Shia Imam, Husayn ibn Ali against the forces of Yazid, led by Umar ibn Sa'ad.

paragraph: Husayn's army was split into 3 sections, the left flank, the right flank and the Ahl al-bayt. Habib was given the duty of being in charge of the left flank of Husayn's army, despite the fact that he was old.

paragraph: His tomb was included in Imam Husayn Shrine and was located in the southern porch.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zaynab bint Ali

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abbas ibn Ali

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ali Akbar ibn Husayn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ali Asghar ibn Husayn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zuhayr ibn Qayn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shia Islam

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burayr ibn Khuzayr al-Hamadani

wikidata_label: Habib ibn Muzahir

wikipedia_title: Habib ibn Madhahir


text: Ostrowo

text: Prussia

text: Atlantic City

text: New Jersey

text: American

text: rabbi

text: author

text: Reform Judaism

text: Delaware Valley University

text: synagogue

text: Philadelphia

text: Massachusetts

text: Unitarian Church

text: Jewish

text: Isaac Mayer Wise

text: Hebrew Union College

text: Cincinnati

text: Ohio

text: Christian

text: high school degree

text: bachelor's degree

text: University of Cincinnati

text: ordination

text: Peoria

text: Illinois

text: Kalamazoo

text: Michigan

text: Kansas City

text: Missouri

text: Doctor of Divinity

text: urban

text: governor

text: Reform Judaism

text: Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel

text: Isidor Rayner

text: Maryland

text: treaty

text: Russia

text: Pale of Settlement

text: Leo Tolstoy

text: War and Peace

text: Anna Karenina

text: Odessa

text: Andrew Carnegie

text: Spanish–American War

text: Nathan Strauss

text: Theodore Roosevelt

text: Rough Riders

text: Central Conference of American Rabbis

text: World War I

text: Herbert Hoover

text: Henry Berkowitz

text: Henry Berkowitz

text: Delaware Valley University

text: Oberammergau

text: Passion-Play

text: Goldman, Yosef

categories: American Reform rabbis,19th-century rabbis,1858 births,1923 deaths,Hebrew Union College alumni,20th-century rabbis,German emigrants to the United States

paragraph: Joseph Krauskopf

paragraph: Joseph Krauskopf (January 21, 1858, Ostrowo, Prussia – June 12, 1923, Atlantic City, New Jersey) was a prominent American rabbi, author, leader of Reform Judaism, founder of the National Farm School (now Delaware Valley University), and long-time (1887-1923) rabbi at Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel (KI), the oldest reform synagogue in Philadelphia which under Krauskopf, became the largest reform congregation in the nation.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: In July, 1872, at the age of fourteen, Krauskopf emigrated to the United States, expecting to join his older brother, Manaseh, in New Jersey. Tragically, his brother was murdered just as Krauskopf arrived in the United States and instead he went to Fall River, Massachusetts, where he had cousins. There he found employment as clerk in a tea-store. While not denying or renouncing his own faith, he attended the local Unitarian Church (there was no Jewish congregation in the city), and became a protégé of Mrs. Mary Bridges Canedy Slade , who was the assistant editor the "New England Journal of Education", a well-known author and composer, and the wife of the principal of the local high school, Albion Slade. Mrs. Slade directed Krauskopf's self-education, as he could not afford to quit work to attend school. In 1875 Mrs. Slade recommended him to Isaac Mayer Wise who was organizing the first rabbinical class at the newly founded Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati, Ohio. Rabbi Wise probably respected Slade's recommendation because she was a prominent hymnist and author of children's literature. Also writing a letter of recommendation for Krauskopf was William Reed, the editor of the Fall River "Daily Evening News". Thus, through the intervention of this devoutly Christian woman, Krauskopf went to rabbinical school.

paragraph: Section::::Rabbinical Education and Early Career.

paragraph: Krauskopf arrived in Cincinnati in 1875 to be part of the first class at Hebrew Union College. This was Krauskopf's first opportunity to enter a program of formal education since arriving in the United States three years earlier at the age of fourteen. Krauskopf spent the next eight years at Hebrew Union College. In this time, he earned a high school degree, a bachelor's degree from the University of Cincinnati, and finally rabbinical ordination from Hebrew Union College in 1883. Therefore, in Cincinnati, he effectively went to high school, college, and rabbinical school simultaneously. While studying at Hebrew Union and at the University of Cincinnati, Krauskopf earned money as a tutor, contributed articles to journals, and published and marketed (with his future brother-in-law, Henry Berkowitz) the "Union Hebrew Reader" (1881, commonly known as the "First Union Hebrew Reader"), the "Second Union Hebrew Reader" (1884), and "Bible Ethics: A Manual of Instruction in the History and Principles of Judaism, According to Hebrew Scriptures" (1884) (full text). A contemporary journal, which focused on the study of Hebrew language and literature, praised the first "Union Hebrew Reader" (which sold for 25 cents) for providing ordered lessons that would "lead to the needed familiarity with the Hebrew page." In 1899 both of his Hebrew readers were being sold through the "Educational Catalogue for 1899" advertised in the publishing industry trade journal, "Bookseller, Newsdealer, and Stationer".

paragraph: While studying for his ordination, Krauskopf served as a student rabbi in Peoria, Illinois, and in Kalamazoo, Michigan. After his ordination, he became the rabbi at Congregation B'nai Jehudah in Kansas City, Missouri. Two years later, in 1885, he finished work on his graduate degree and earned a Doctor of Divinity from Hebrew Union College.

paragraph: In Kansas City, Krauskopf was enormously popular within his synagogue and the larger urban community. He gave widely attended public lectures, some of which were later published as books. Additionally, he was involved in a wide range of civic activities. The governor of Missouri made him a life-member of the board of what was then known as the National Conference of Charities and Corrections. In 1885 he was instrumental in organizing a convention of reform Rabbis in Pittsburgh. Although only two years out of rabbinical school, he was elected vice-president of the Pittsburgh Conference, of which Isaac Mayer Wise was president. This conference wrote the Pittsburgh Platform, which became the defining statement of Reform Judaism at that time. In July 1887 Krauskopf accepted an offer from Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel of Philadelphia. His Kansas City congregation tried to prevent him from leaving, and even state and local politicians pressured him to reject the offer from KI. A delegation from Kansas City failed in its attempt to get KI to release Krauskopf from his contract. All of this caused some embarrassment and delayed his move, but he finally left for Philadelphia in late October.

paragraph: Section::::Career at Keneseth Israel.

paragraph: Krauskopf was formally installed at Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel (KI) on October 23, 1887. Once in Philadelphia, Krauskopf quickly established himself as a leading figure in both the Jewish and non-Jewish communities. Krauskopf's congregation was almost entirely made up of Jews from Germany and other parts of central Europe. From the beginning of KI (in 1847) services and board meetings had always been conducted in German. Krauskopf was from Germany and spoke fluent German. Nevertheless, he transformed KI into an English speaking and thoroughly Americanized house of worship. For example, while continuing to hold religious services on Saturday, the Jewish Sabbath, Krauskopf also established a Sunday service which followed the traditions of American Protestantism. These Sunday services were more educational than religious, with Krauskopf giving sermons or lectures that lasted more than an hour. He spoke on theology, religion, ethics, social science, natural science and current events. A talented and popular speaker, he drew as many as 1,000 listeners to his Sunday services, including non-members and non-Jews who came to hear him speak. Krauskopf published these sermons and lectures as pamphlets which sold briskly. Under Krauskopf, KI flourished and became the largest reform Jewish congregation in the United States. Following the intellectual lead of his teacher, Isaac Mayer Wise, he was committed to the study of Jewish-Christian relations and even attempted to reclaim the apostle Paul as a model for Judaism. He worked closely with Catholic and Protestant leaders in Philadelphia, and was a force for ethnic and religious pluralism. On a national level, he helped organize the Jewish Publication Society of America, in 1888.

paragraph: Krauskopf's congregation was almost entirely made up of German Jews. However, at this time, the American Jewish world was being transformed by massive immigration from Russia, Poland, and other parts of Eastern Europe. In 1894 Krauskopf visited Russia to investigate the condition of Jews in that notoriously anti-Semitic nation. Initially the Russian government refused to give him a visa, simply because he was Jewish. This led to a resolution in Congress, proposed by Representative Isidor Rayner of Maryland, urging the United States to abrogate the existing treaty with Russia. Congressman Rayner argued that if an American citizen could not freely travel in a country (Russia), then the United States should not maintain a treaty of friendship with that country. Krauskopf was uncomfortable with this publicity, but later admitted it probably led to Russia finally granting him a visa. While in Russia, Krauskopf gained a first hand look at the condition of the Jews within the Pale of Settlement. Krauskopf met with American diplomats, Russian political leaders and various intellectuals including Leo Tolstoy, best known as the author of "War and Peace" (1869) and "Anna Karenina" (1877). Tolstoy told Krauskopf that the Jews had no future in Russia. At Tolstoy's suggestion, Krauskopf visited Jewish agricultural colonies in the Russian Empire and the Jewish Agricultural School at Odessa. On his return he worked to establish a similar institution outside of Philadelphia, believing that it would attract Jews from Russia and help provide them with an education to begin a new life in the United States. By 1895, Krauskopf had raised enough money to start a school, which was established in 1896 as the National Farm School in Doylestown, Pennsylvania. The school was non-sectarian, and indeed non-religious, but most of the early students were Jewish. Support came from private donations, state funds, and the Federation of Jewish Charities of Philadelphia. Krauskopf served as the first president of the institution, which is now Delaware Valley University. Krauskopf spent a great deal of time raising money for the school, and in 1905 led a capital campaign that raised $50,000 (about $1.5 million in 2015), including a $12,500 donation from Andrew Carnegie.

paragraph: When Krauskopf came to KI the congregation had 250 member families. Within a few years it had over 400 member families. By 1892 the Congregation had moved to a newly constructed impressive building on Broad Street with seating in the sanctuary for over 1600 people. A year later the Congregation hired an assistant rabbi to work under Krauskopf. By 1900, KI's religious school had over 500 students. Under Krauskopf KI abolished the traditional Bar Mittzvah for thirteen-year-old boys and replaced it with a confirmation for boys and girls at age sixteen or seventeen.

paragraph: Shortly after the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in 1898, Krauskopf became a leader of the National Relief Commission, and was one of three special field commissioners to visit army camps of the United States and Cuba. Almost immediately after he arrived in Cuba, Krauskopf contacted the Jewish philanthropist Nathan Strauss, persuading him to donate an ice factory to support the needs of American troops in Cuba. Two weeks later the entire ice plant was shipped to Santiago, Cuba. In Cuba, Krauskopf became friends with Col. Theodore Roosevelt and conducted services for the eight Jewish soldiers in Roosevelt's Rough Riders (the First United States Volunteer Cavalry). Krauskopf and Roosevelt would remain friends and when Roosevelt died Krauskopf had a large stained glass window commissioned in his honor which today, is part of the entrance foyer in the Keneseth Israel synagogue in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania. In March, 1903, Krauskopf was elected director-general of the Isaac Meyer Wise Memorial Fund, and in July of the same year he became president of the Central Conference of American Rabbis, the main professional organization of reform rabbis.

paragraph: During World War I Krauskopf continued his patriotic public service, working under Herbert Hoover in the U.S. Food Administration. During this period he spent a good deal of time in Washington. He served on the Liberty Loan Committee for Philadelphia and was worked on issues involving food conservation. This dovetailed with his long relationship to the National Farm School.

paragraph: Section::::Writings and Scholarship.

paragraph: Krauskopf was a prolific writer. After his ordination he published 14 major books, hundreds of sermons as pamphlets, numerous journal and newspaper articles, and various other publications.

paragraph: "The Jews and Moors in Spain" came from a series of eighteen public lectures Krauskopf gave while he was the Rabbi at Congregation B'Nai Jehudah in Kansas City, Missouri. These lectures were initially published in the "Kansas City Journal" These lectures were enormously popular among "both Jews and Christians" and thus Krauskopf consented to their publication in book form. Indicative of their popularity, and the political significance of Krauskopf's interfaith activities, the book had letters of endorsement from Thomas T. Crittenden, the former Governor of Missouri and U.S. District Judge Arnold Krekel.

paragraph: In his book "Evolution and Judaism", Krauskopf accepted the idea that science might "overshadow" religion but that the science needs to be well understood and properly connected to religion. Krauskopf accepted the scientific legitimacy of evolution and Darwinian theory. He argued, in a chapter titled "Darwinism," that "Supreme order is the manifestation of supreme intelligence. If I had no other proof for my belief in the existence and sovereignty of an Intelligent Final Cause, I would derive it from my recognition of the fact that supreme order, uninterrupted harmony, eternal and immutable law, control all nature, heaven and earth, all inorganic and organic, in but one way, and in no other." He argues that evolution is simply part of the law of nature and that "this "natural law" shape matter with "design" and direct force with a "purpose", and design and purpose presuppose intelligence." Krauskopf argued that evolution was the same as "Supreme Governing Power, Supreme Will, Supreme Natural Law" and that "by theologians it is called 'God.'" With "this conception of the nature of God" he argued that "every difference between science and religion disappears" and "with this conception of God, as manifested in nature, I am prepared to accept even "Darwinism"." Thus, Krauskopf accepted evolution, as set out by Darwin, as consistent with the existence of God, because God provided the "supreme intelligence" to let evolution happen. Under this analysis, there could be no conflict between religion and science, and "Darwinism, though disagreeing with the Biblical account of creation is "with" religion, not "against" it." He praised Darwin, declaring that "God has had no better interpreter of the greatness and magnificence of His handiwork." He acknowledged that Darwin "opposed" the "Biblical account" of creation, because modern research proved the Biblical account of creation imperfect," But Krauskopf argued that this science, and Darwinian notions such as natural selection, actually supported the idea of a superior being – God – who set into motion evolution through natural selection. He concluded that "Judaism and ever progressive religion with a conception of God ... can freely and conscientiously accept the theory of organic evolution." Thus, the "sum of Supreme Will, Supreme Power, Supreme Intelligence, evolutionists name The Reign of Natural Law, the theologians call it God." "Evolution and Judaism" is also interesting because, at the same time as adopting a sceptical approach to traditional readings of the bible, Krauskopf attempted to justify Jewish religious continuity by presenting a Jewish form of panentheism that viewed the universe as an evolving phenomenon and presented a biological argument for the reality of life beyond death.

paragraph: In "Jesus—Man or God?" Kraukopf argued Jesus was centrally a Jewish scholar and compares his teachings to those of the Jewish philosopher/ scholar Hillel that the historical persecution of Jews was a result of Christianity rejecting, or forgetting, its Jewish and Old Testament origins and in effect, becoming paganized. As a result of this "the [Christian] church, founded on love and peace and justice, became a church of hatred and inhumanity." He argued that the Protestant Reformation led to "the slow return from the pagan Christ to the Judean Jesus, the gradual stripping away of the many foreign-borrowed accretions under which the Nazarene prophet and patriot had well-night been buried" and thus "after eighteen hundred years of cruel separation, Christian and Jew are drawing closer to each other." He argued that "Unitarian and Reformed Jewish Churches" were "the advance guard of both factions have met." Krauskopf believed that Christianity – and especially the New Testament – had been corrupted by "foreign material and falsified history, of pagan mythology and Persian demonology and Egyptian mysticism." He argued that one modern Christianity purged itself of this invasive material Christianity would move back toward its Jewish roots based on "the Judaism that was taught by a Jewish prophet, and patriot and martyr, the Rabbi of Nazareth."

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1883 Krauskopf married Rose Berkowitz, the sister of his close friend and intellectual collaborator, Henry Berkowitz. In the same ceremony, Henry Berkowitz married Flora Brunn. The ceremony was conducted by Rabbi Isaac Meyer Wise, who had been the mentor to both men at HUC. The Krauskopfs had three children, Harold, Eleanore, and Manfred, before Rose died in 1893. After her death Krauskopf was absorbed in professional duties and activities, including his trip to Russia and founding the National Farm School. However, during this period he managed to court Sybil Feineman, who was the daughter of Krauskopf's former congregants in Kansas City. In fact, Krauskopf had taught her when she took a confirmation class in Benai Jehuda. In 1896 he went back to Kansas City to marry her, in a ceremony at her parents’ house. The Rabbi was 38 at the time and his new wife was 25. They had one child, Madeleine. In 1923 KI made Krauskopf a rabbi for life, with the expectation that he would retire soon. However, shortly after that, on June 12, 1923 Krauskopf passed away.

paragraph: Members of his family continued his traditions in many ways. His great nephew was Rabbi Malcolm H. Stern, who became an assistant rabbi at KI, published "First American Jewish Families" (1960, revised 1991), and was the president of the American Jewish Genealogical Society. Rabbi Krauskopf's son, Manfred, served as the president of the Board of Trustees of the National Farm School, which his father had founded. The Rabbi's grandson, Joseph L. Krauskopf served on the Board of Trustees of the Farm School and his great-grandson, Joseph Charles Krauskopf, currently serves on the board of the same institution which has evolved into Delaware Valley University.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sunday Discourses" (1887–1902)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Service Ritual" (1888)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Service Manual" (1892)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Visit to Tolstoy: Five Discourses" (cir. 1894)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gleanings from Our Vineyard" (1895)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mourners' Service" (1895)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sabbath-School Service" (1896)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Society and Its Morals" (1900)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Rabbi's Impressions of the Oberammergau Passion-Play" (1901)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Seven Ages of Man" (1902)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Old Truths in New Books" (1902)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Goldman, Yosef. "Hebrew Printing in America, 1735-1926, A History and Annotated Bibliography" (YGBooks 2006).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.whatsoproudlywehail.org/authors/mary-b-c-slade

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://quod.lib.umich.edu/n/ncosw/

description: American rabbi

wikidata_label: Joseph Krauskopf

wikipedia_title: Joseph Krauskopf


text:
Swiss
Romania
Romantic
landscapes
Alexandru Odobescu
ethnic German
Zug
Kunstakademie
Düsseldorf
Kingdom of Prussia
Rhine Province
Austrian
Transylvania
Wallachia
Romanian Kingdom
naturalized
Muntenia
Oltenia
oil painting
Olt River
Cozia Monastery
Bucharest
gymnasium
Ion Andreescu
historical locations
folklore
genre
Wallachian Plain
fair
inn
Roma people
postilion
Romanian art
meander
Alpine
picturesque
Southern Carpathian
paint
Carol Szathmari
Domnitor
Carol I of Romania
Vasile Drăguţ

categories: Swiss expatriates in Romania,Swiss inventors,Naturalised citizens of Romania,19th-century Romanian painters,Romanian people of Swiss descent,Romanian people of German descent,Romanian civil servants,Romanian illustrators,Kunstakademie Düsseldorf alumni,Swiss illustrators,Swiss-German people,Romanian schoolteachers,Swiss romantic painters,1892 deaths,1818 births,Romanian inventors,Romanian romantic painters

paragraph: Henric Trenk

paragraph: Henric Trenk (also known as Henri or Heinrich Trenk; 1818–1892) was a Swiss-born Romanian painter and graphic artist, best known for his Romantic landscapes and his association with writer and amateur archaeologist Alexandru Odobescu.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born to an ethnic German family in Zug, Trenk studied at the "Kunstakademie" in Düsseldorf, in the Kingdom of Prussia's Rhine Province. He first arrived in the Austrian-ruled region of Transylvania around 1846, and moved to Wallachia in 1851. He remained in Wallachia as it became a constituent part of the Romanian Kingdom, and never again left its territory. Later in life, Trenk was naturalized a Romanian.

paragraph: He came to associate with Odobescu, and was appointed by the latter official illustrator of the magazines printed by the Romanian Commission of Historical Monuments. Trenk traveled throughout the regions of Muntenia and Oltenia, creating a large number of oil paintings featuring rural scenes, historical relics, and natural scenes—including several depictions of the Olt River near the Cozia Monastery. For a while, he taught drawing at a Bucharest gymnasium, and had the major Romanian painter Ion Andreescu among his students.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: With support from Odobescu, who was attempting to build a record of historical locations and folklore, Henric Trenk documented places of interest, as well as genre scenes in the Wallachian Plain—fairs, inns, lodgings, as well as more exotic portrayals of Roma people and the distinctively-dressed Romanian postilions. While admired for their exactitude (unprecedented in Romanian art), these works have drawn criticism for their impersonality.

paragraph: Among his most distinctive works is a mountainous landscape of the Olt at the meanders of Cozia (known locally as "Cârlige", "Hooks"), which was attributed by some to his nostalgia for the Alpine landscape. A similar feeling motivation was deduced from his earlier paintings, the Romantic picturesque landscapes showing the Southern Carpathian areas of Transylvania.

paragraph: Trenk was also active in research towards improving the paint used in fine arts, publishing in several chemistry journals. His aim was to find a paint which would be durable, but also matte, avoiding distracting reflections on the painting's surface. His successful invention of such a paint was announced in a February 1869 note by Carol Szathmari, court painter of "Domnitor" Carol I of Romania.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vasile Drăguţ, , , Marin Mihalache, "Pictura românească în imagini", Editura Meridiane, Bucharest, 1970.

description: Swiss artist

wikidata_label: Henric Trenk

wikipedia_title: Henric Trenk


text:
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Eleanor of England
Henry II of England
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Louis VIII of France
magpie
Castilian
Blanche
Afonso II of Portugal
Sancho II of Portugal
Afonso III of Portugal
Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Denmark
Fernando, Lord of Serpa
Alcobaça Monastery

categories: 1220 deaths,13th-century Spanish women,Portuguese queens consort,1180s births,13th-century Castilians,12th-century Portuguese people,12th-century Portuguese women,Castilian House of Ivrea,13th-century Portuguese people,12th-century people from León and Castile,12th-century Spanish women

paragraph: Urraca of Castile, Queen of Portugal

paragraph: Urraca of Castile (1186/28 May 1187 – 3 November 1220) was a daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile and Eleanor of England. Her maternal grandparents were Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Urraca was originally considered as a prospective bride for Louis VIII of France, but Eleanor objected to her name (Urraca means "magpie" in Castilian), preferring the Castilian name of Urraca's sister Blanche, Blanca.

paragraph: In 1206 Urraca married twenty-one-year-old Afonso II of Portugal, who was the "infante", the intended heir to the throne.

paragraph: In 1212 her husband became king and she became queen. Afonso II indicated in his will in 1214 that Urraca should be the regent for his heir should he pre-decease her. However, she died before him at a relatively young age in 1220. Urraca was buried at the Alcobaça Monastery.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sancho II of Portugal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Afonso III of Portugal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Denmark

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fernando, Lord of Serpa

paragraph: It is possible Urraca also bore Vicente, who was supposedly buried at the Alcobaça Monastery.

description: Queen of Portugal

wikidata_label: Urraca of Castile

wikipedia_title: Urraca of Castile, Queen of Portugal


text: King Edward I

text: Eleanor of Castile

text: King Edward II

text: Floris V

text: John I, Count of Holland

text: England

text: Ipswich

text: Margaret

text: Edward I of England

text: Edward

text: Humphrey de Bohun

text: Holland

text: Southern Netherlands

text: Antwerp

text: Mechelen

text: Leuven

text: Brussels

text: Ghent

text: Christmas

text: Eleanor

text: Margaret

text: dysentery

text: Brabant

text: Margaret

text: Holland

text: Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford

text: Constable of England

text: Westminster Abbey

text: Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford

text: Lady Eleanor de Bohun

text: John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford

text: Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford

text: Christmas

text: Isabella of France

text: Walden Abbey Church, Walden Essex

text: googlebooks

text: googlebooks

categories: 1316 deaths,13th-century Welsh people,14th-century Welsh women,14th-century Welsh people,English princesses,English countesses,13th-century English people,14th-century English women,13th-century Welsh women,14th-century English people,1282 births,House of Plantagenet,Countesses of Holland,Deaths in childbirth,13th-century English women

paragraph: Elizabeth of Rhuddlan

paragraph: Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (7 August 1282 – 5 May 1316) was the eighth and youngest daughter of King Edward I and Queen Eleanor of Castile. Of all of her siblings, she was closest to her younger brother King Edward II, as they were only two years apart in age.

paragraph: Section::::First marriage.

paragraph: In April 1285 there were negotiations with Floris V for Elizabeth's betrothal to his son John I, Count of Holland. The offer was accepted and John was sent to England to be educated. On 8 January 1297 Elizabeth was married to John at Ipswich. In attendance at the marriage were Elizabeth's sister Margaret, her father, Edward I of England, her brother Edward, and Humphrey de Bohun. After the wedding Elizabeth was expected to go to Holland with her husband, but did not wish to go, leaving her husband to go alone. It is recorded that while in Ipswich the King, in some outburst, threw his daughter's coronet into the fire: a great ruby and a great emerald were supplied by Adam the Goldsmith for stones lost as a result.

paragraph: After some time travelling England, it was decided Elizabeth should follow her husband. Her father accompanied her, travelling through the Southern Netherlands between Antwerp, Mechelen, Leuven and Brussels, before ending up in Ghent. There they remained for a few months, spending Christmas with her two sisters Eleanor and Margaret. On 10 November 1299, John died of dysentery, though there were rumours of his murder. No children had been born from the marriage.

paragraph: Section::::Second marriage.

paragraph: On her return trip to England, Elizabeth went through Brabant to see her sister Margaret. When she arrived in England, she met her stepmother Margaret, whom Edward had married while she was in Holland. On 14 November 1302 Elizabeth was married to Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, 3rd of Essex, also Constable of England, at Westminster Abbey.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: The children of Elizabeth and Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford were:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Margaret de Bohun (born 1302 – died 7 Feb. 1304).

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Humphrey de Bohun (born c. Oct. 1303 – died c. Oct. 1304).

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Lady Eleanor de Bohun (17 October 1304 – 1363)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford (23 November 1306 – 1335)

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford (6 December c. 1309 – 1361)

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Margaret de Bohun, 2nd Countess of Devon (3 April 1311 – 1391)

paragraph: BULLET::::7. William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton (1312–1360).

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Edward de Bohun (1312–1334), twin of William

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Eneas de Bohun, (1314 – after 1322); he is mentioned in his father's will

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Isabel de Bohun (born and died 5 May 1316)

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: During Christmas 1315, Elizabeth, who was pregnant with her eleventh child, was visited by her sister-in-law, Queen Isabella of France. On 5 May 1316 she went into labour, giving birth to her daughter Isabella. Both Elizabeth and her daughter Isabella died shortly after the birth, and were buried together in Walden Abbey Church, Walden Essex.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burke, John, Esq. "A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, Extinct, Dormant and in Abeyance." London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, 1831. (p. 196) googlebooks Retrieved 4 May

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cutter, William Richard. "Genealogical and Personal Memoirs" Vol. I, Lewis Historical Publishing Co., New York, 1910. (p. 1399) googlebooks Accessed 28 April 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Everett Green, Mary Anne. "Lives of the Princesses of England" Vol. III London 1857 pages 56-

paragraph: BULLET::::- Verity, Brad. "The Children of Elizabeth, Countess of Hereford, Daughter of Edward I of England," "Foundations", Volume 6, June 2014, pages 3–10.

paragraph: BULLET::::- pages 83–85

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lines 6-29, 6-30, 7-29, 7-30, 15-29, 15-30, 97-31, 97-32.

description: English princess, born in Wales

wikidata_label: Elizabeth of Rhuddlan

wikipedia_title: Elizabeth of Rhuddlan