text: teacher

text: philosopher

text: reformer

text: vegan

text: abolitionist

text: women's rights

text: Wolcott, Connecticut

text: Temple School

text: Ralph Waldo Emerson

text: transcendentalism

text: Fruitlands

text: Abby May

text: Louisa May

text: Little Women

text: New England

text: Wolcott, Connecticut

text: Massachusetts

text: Cheshire, Connecticut

text: William Alcott

text: Seth Thomas

text: Plymouth

text: American South

text: Mammon

text: rote learning

text: slates

text: educational philosophy

text: Swiss

text: pedagogue

text: Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi

text: Samuel Joseph May

text: Abby May

text: Bristol, Connecticut

text: King's Chapel

text: boarding house

text: slavery

text: William Lloyd Garrison

text: nonresistant

text: Boston Vigilance Committee

text: Quaker

text: Germantown Academy

text: Germantown

text: Philadelphia

text: Anna Bronson Alcott

text: Louisa May Alcott

text: William Ellery Channing

text: Lemuel Shaw

text: Josiah Quincy, Jr.

text: Temple School

text: Masonic Temple

text: Elizabeth Palmer Peabody

text: Margaret Fuller

text: Mary Peabody Mann

text: Friedrich Fröbel

text: Johann Friedrich Herbart

text: Gospel

text: Plato

text: Socrates

text: Jesus

text: Elizabeth Peabody Alcott

text: Sophia

text: Boston Daily Advertiser

text: Nathan Hale

text: Virgin birth of Jesus

text: circumcision

text: Joseph T. Buckingham

text: charlatan

text: James Freeman Clarke

text: Providence, Rhode Island

text: progressive

text: democratic school

text: African American

text: Transcendental Club

text: Ralph Waldo Emerson

text: Orestes Brownson

text: Theodore Parker

text: Frederic Henry Hedge

text: Concord

text: Emerson's house

text: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

text: The Dial

text: Orphic

text: Abby May

text: Charles Lane

text: Alcott House

text: abolitionist views

text: John Tyler

text: Texas

text: refused to pay

text: poll tax

text: Henry David Thoreau

text: Civil Disobedience

text: Utopia

text: Harvard, Massachusetts

text: Eden

text: Brook Farm

text: arable

text: Providence, Rhode Island

text: New Haven, Connecticut

text: nuclear family

text: Shaker

text: The Wayside

text: Nathaniel Hawthorne

text: Little Women

text: Henry David Thoreau

text: Walden Pond

text: Underground Railroad

text: Mexican–American War

text: Harvard Divinity School

text: Orchard House

text: Lincoln

text: Wendell Phillips

text: Thomas Sims

text: Anthony Burns

text: Thomas Wentworth Higginson

text: Washington, D.C.

text: Hospital Sketches

text: Louis Agassiz

text: James Thomas Fields

text: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.

text: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

text: Civil War

text: lyceum

text: Thoreau-Alcott House

text: Franklin Benjamin Sanborn

text: Concord School of Philosophy

text: Orchard House

text: corporal punishment

text: Harriet Martineau

text: veganism

text: environmentalism

text: pollution

text: Plato

text: mysticism

text: Immanuel Kant

text: Samuel Taylor Coleridge

text: ancient Greece

text: Socrates

text: solar eclipse

text: James Russell Lowell

text: The Knickerbocker

text: Robert Owen

text: Amos Bronson Alcott Network

text: Houghton Library

text: Guide to Amos Bronson Alcott papers

text: Houghton Library

categories: American women's rights activists,People from Harvard, Massachusetts,Contemporary philosophers,1888 deaths,Underground Railroad people,1799 births,People from Concord, Massachusetts,American tax resisters,American schoolteachers,Philosophers from Massachusetts,People from Wolcott, Connecticut,Members of the Transcendental Club,Founders of utopian communities,Abolitionists from Boston,Male feminists,Philosophers from Connecticut,19th-century American philosophers,American people of English descent,Feminist philosophers,American abolitionists,Alcott family,Massachusetts Republicans,Sonneteers

paragraph: Amos Bronson Alcott

paragraph: Amos Bronson Alcott (; November 29, 1799March 4, 1888) was an American teacher, writer, philosopher, and reformer. As an educator, Alcott pioneered new ways of interacting with young students, focusing on a conversational style, and avoided traditional punishment. He hoped to perfect the human spirit and, to that end, advocated a vegan diet before the term was coined. He was also an abolitionist and an advocate for women's rights.

paragraph: Born in Wolcott, Connecticut in 1799, Alcott had only minimal formal schooling before attempting a career as a traveling salesman. Worried about how the itinerant life might have a negative impact on his soul, he turned to teaching. His innovative methods, however, were controversial, and he rarely stayed in one place very long. His most well-known teaching position was at the Temple School in Boston. His experience there was turned into two books: "Records of a School" and "Conversations with Children on the Gospels". Alcott became friends with Ralph Waldo Emerson and became a major figure in transcendentalism. His writings on behalf of that movement, however, are heavily criticized for being incoherent. Based on his ideas for human perfection, Alcott founded Fruitlands, a transcendentalist experiment in community living. The project was short-lived and failed after seven months. Alcott continued to struggle financially for most of his life. Nevertheless, he continued focusing on educational projects and opened a new school at the end of his life in 1879. He died in 1888.

paragraph: Alcott married Abby May in 1830 and they eventually had four surviving children, all daughters. Their second was Louisa May, who fictionalized her experience with the family in her novel "Little Women" in 1868.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Early life.

paragraph: A native New Englander, Amos Bronson Alcott was born in Wolcott, Connecticut (then recently renamed from "Farmingbury") on November 29, 1799. His parents were Joseph Chatfield Alcott and Anna Bronson Alcott. The family home was in an area known as Spindle Hill, and his father, Joseph Alcox, traced his ancestry to colonial-era settlers in eastern Massachusetts. The family originally spelled their name "Alcock", later changed to "Alcocke" then "Alcox". Amos Bronson, the oldest of eight children, later changed the spelling to "Alcott" and dropped his first name.

paragraph: At age six, young Bronson began his formal education in a one-room schoolhouse in the center of town but learned how to read at home with the help of his mother. The school taught only reading, writing, and spelling and he left this school at the age of 10. At age 13, his uncle, Reverend Tillotson Bronson, invited Alcott into his home in Cheshire, Connecticut, to be educated and prepared for college. Bronson gave it up after only a month and was self-educated from then on. He was not particularly social and his only close friend was his neighbor and second cousin William Alcott, with whom he shared books and ideas. Bronson Alcott later reflected on his childhood at Spindle Hill: "It kept me pure... I dwelt amidst the hills... God spoke to me while I walked the fields." Starting at age 15, he took a job working for clockmaker Seth Thomas in the nearby town of Plymouth.

paragraph: At age 17, Alcott passed the exam for a teaching certificate but had trouble finding work as a teacher. Instead, he left home and became a traveling salesman in the American South, peddling books and merchandise. He hoped the job would earn him enough money to support his parents, "to make their cares, and burdens less... and get them free from debt", though he soon spent most of his earnings on a new suit. At first, he thought it an acceptable occupation but soon worried about his spiritual well-being. In March 1823, Alcott wrote to his brother: "Peddling is a hard place to serve God, but a capital one to serve Mammon." Near the end of his life, he fictionalized this experience in his book, "New Connecticut", originally circulated only among friends before its publication in 1881.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Early career and marriage.

paragraph: By the summer of 1823, Alcott returned to Connecticut in debt to his father, who bailed him out after his last two unsuccessful sales trips. He took a job as a schoolteacher in Cheshire with the help of his Uncle Tillotson. He quickly set about reforming the school. He added backs to the benches on which students sat, improved lighting and heating, de-emphasized rote learning, and provided individual slates to each student—paid for by himself. Alcott had been influenced by educational philosophy of the Swiss pedagogue Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi and even renamed his school "The Cheshire Pestalozzi School". His style attracted the attention of Samuel Joseph May, who introduced Alcott to his sister Abby May. She called him, "an intelligent, philosophic, modest man" and found his views on education "very attractive". Locals in Cheshire were less supportive and became suspicious of his methods. Many students left and were enrolled in the local common school or a recently re-opened private school for boys. On November 6, 1827, Alcott started teaching in Bristol, Connecticut, still using the same methods he used in Cheshire, but opposition from the community surfaced quickly; he was unemployed by March 1828. He moved to Boston on April 24, 1828, and was immediately impressed, referring to the city as a place "where the light of the sun of righteousness has risen". He opened the Salem Street Infant School two months later on June 23. Abby May applied as his teaching assistant; instead, the couple were engaged, without consent of the family. They were married at King's Chapel on May 22, 1830; he was 30 years old and she was 29. Her brother conducted the ceremony and a modest reception followed at her father's house. After their marriage the Alcotts moved to 12 Franklin Street in Boston, a boarding house run by a Mrs. Newall. Around this time, Alcott also first expressed his public disdain for slavery. In November 1830, he and William Lloyd Garrison founded what he later called a "preliminary Anti-Slavery Society", though he differed from Garrison as a nonresistant. Alcott became a member of the Boston Vigilance Committee.

paragraph: Attendance at Alcott's school was falling. A wealthy Quaker named Reuben Haines proposed he and educator William Russell start a new school in Pennsylvania associated with the Germantown Academy. Alcott accepted and he and his newly pregnant wife set forth on December 14. The school was established in Germantown and the Alcotts were offered a rent-free home by Haines. Alcott and Russell were initially concerned that the area would not be conducive to their progressive approach to education and considered establishing the school in nearby Philadelphia instead. Unsuccessful, they went back to Germantown, though the rent-free home was no longer available and the Alcotts instead had to rent rooms in a boarding-house. It was there that their first child, a daughter they named Anna Bronson Alcott, was born on March 16, 1831, after 36 hours of labor. By the fall of that year, their benefactor Haines died suddenly and the Alcotts again suffered financial difficulty. "We hardly earn the bread", wrote Abby May to her brother, "[and] the butter we have to think about."

paragraph: The couple's only son was born on April 6, 1839, but lived only a few minutes. The mother recorded: "Gave birth to a fine boy full grown perfectly formed but not living". It was in Germantown that the couple's second daughter was born. Louisa May Alcott was born on her father's birthday, November 29, 1832, at a half-hour past midnight. Bronson described her as "a very fine healthful child, much more so than Anna was at birth". The Germantown school, however, was faltering; soon only eight pupils remained. Their benefactor Haines died before Louisa's birth. He had helped recruit students and even paid tuition for some of them. As Abby wrote, his death "has prostrated all our hopes here". On April 10, 1833, the family moved to Philadelphia, where Alcott ran a day school. As usual, Alcott's methods were controversial; a former student later referred to him as "the most eccentric man who ever took on himself to train and form the youthful mind." Alcott began to believe Boston was the best place for his ideas to flourish. He contacted theologian William Ellery Channing for support. Channing approved of Alcott's methods and promised to help find students to enroll, including his daughter Mary. Channing also secured aid from Justice Lemuel Shaw and Boston mayor Josiah Quincy, Jr.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Experimental educator.

paragraph: On September 22, 1834, Alcott opened a school of about 30 students, mostly from wealthy families. It was named the Temple School because classes were held at the Masonic Temple on Tremont Street in Boston. His assistant was Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, later replaced by Margaret Fuller. Mary Peabody Mann served as a French instructor for a time. The school was briefly famous, and then infamous, because of his original methods. Before 1830, writing (except in higher education) equated to rote drills in the rules of grammar, spelling, vocabulary, penmanship and transcription of adult texts. However, in that decade, progressive reformers such as Alcott, influenced by Pestalozzi as well as Friedrich Fröbel and Johann Friedrich Herbart, began to advocate writing about subjects from students' personal experiences. Reformers debated against beginning instruction with rules and were in favor of helping students learn to write by expressing the personal meaning of events within their own lives. Alcott's plan was to develop self-instruction on the basis of self-analysis, with an emphasis on conversation and questioning rather than lecturing and drill, which were prevalent in the U.S. classrooms of the time. Alongside writing and reading, he gave lessons in "spiritual culture", which included interpretation of the Gospels, and advocated "object teaching" in writing instruction. He even went so far as to decorate his schoolroom with visual elements he thought would inspire learning: paintings, books, comfortable furniture, and busts or portraits of Plato, Socrates, Jesus, and William Ellery Channing.

paragraph: During this time, the Alcotts had another child. Born on June 24, 1835, she was named Elizabeth Peabody Alcott in honor of the teaching assistant at the Temple School. By age three, however, her mother changed her name to Elizabeth "Sewall" Alcott, after her own mother.

paragraph: In July 1835, Peabody published her account as an assistant to the Temple School as "Record of a School: Exemplifying the General Principles of Spiritual Culture". While working on a second book, Alcott and Peabody had a falling out and "Conversations with Children on the Gospels" was prepared with help from Peabody's sister Sophia, published at the end of December 1836. Alcott's methods were not well received; many found his conversations on the Gospels close to blasphemous. For example, he asked students to question if Biblical miracles were literal and suggested that all people are part of God. In the "Boston Daily Advertiser", Nathan Hale criticized Alcott's "flippant and off hand conversation" about serious topics from the Virgin birth of Jesus to circumcision. Joseph T. Buckingham called Alcott "either insane or half-witted" and "an ignorant and presuming charlatan". The book did not sell well; a Boston lawyer bought 750 copies to use as waste paper.

paragraph: The temple school was widely denounced in the press. Reverend James Freeman Clarke was one of Alcott's few supporters and defended him against the harsh response from Boston periodicals. Alcott was rejected by most public opinion and, by the summer of 1837, he had only 11 students left and no assistant after Margaret Fuller moved to Providence, Rhode Island. The controversy had caused many parents to remove their children and, as the school closed, Alcott became increasingly financially desperate. Remaining steadfast to his pedagogy, a forerunner of progressive and democratic schooling, he alienated parents in a later "parlor school" by admitting an African American child to the class, whom he then refused to expel in the face of protests.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Transcendentalism.

paragraph: Beginning in 1836, Alcott's membership in the Transcendental Club put him in such company as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Orestes Brownson and Theodore Parker. He became a member with the Club's second meeting and hosted their third. A biographer of Emerson described the group as "the occasional meetings of a changing body of liberal thinkers, agreeing in nothing but their liberality". Frederic Henry Hedge wrote of the group's nature: "There was no club in the strict sense... only occasional meetings of like-minded men and women". Alcott preferred the term "Symposium" for their group.

paragraph: In late April 1840, Alcott moved to the town of Concord urged by Emerson. He rented a home for $50 a year within walking distance of Emerson's house; he named it Dove Cottage, though they also called it Concordia Cottage. A supporter of Alcott's philosophies, Emerson offered to help with his writing, which proved a difficult task. After several revisions, for example, he deemed the essay "Psyche" (Alcott's account of how he educated his daughters) unpublishable. Alcott also wrote a series patterned after the work of German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe which were eventually published in the Transcendentalists' journal, "The Dial". Emerson wrote to Margaret Fuller, then editor, that they might "pass muster & even pass for just & great". He was wrong. Alcott's so-called "Orphic Sayings" were widely mocked for being silly and unintelligible; Fuller herself disliked them, but did not want to hurt Alcott's feelings. In the first issue, for example, he wrote:

paragraph: On July 26, 1840, Abby May gave birth again. Originally referred to as Baby for several months, she was eventually named Abby May after her mother. As a teenager, she changed the spelling of her name to "Abbie" before choosing to use only "May".

paragraph: With financial support from Emerson, Alcott left Concord on May 8, 1842, to a visit to England, leaving his brother Junius with his family. He met two admirers, Charles Lane and Henry C. Wright. The two men were leaders of Alcott House, an experimental school based on Alcott's methods from the Temple School located about ten miles outside London. The school's founder, James Pierpont Greaves, had only recently died but Alcott was invited to stay there for a week. Alcott persuaded them to come to the United States with him; Lane and his son moved into the Alcott house and helped with family chores. Persuaded in part by Lane's abolitionist views, Alcott took a stand against the John Tyler administration's plan to annex Texas as a slave territory and refused to pay his poll tax. Abby May wrote in her journal on January 17, 1843, "A day of some excitement, as Mr. Alcott refused to pay his town tax... After waiting some time to be committed [to jail], he was told it was paid by a friend. Thus we were spared the affliction of his absence and the triumph of suffering for his principles." The annual poll tax was only $1.50. The incident inspired Henry David Thoreau, whose similar protest led to a night in jail and his essay "Civil Disobedience". Around this time, the Alcott family set up a sort of domestic post office to curb potential domestic tension. Abby May described her idea: "I thought it would afford a daily opportunity for the children, indeed all of us, to interchange thought and sentiment".

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Fruitlands.

paragraph: Lane and Alcott collaborated on a major expansion of their educational theories into a Utopian society. Alcott, however, was still in debt and could not purchase the land needed for their planned community. In a letter, Lane wrote, "I do not see anyone to act the money part but myself." In May 1843, he purchased a farm in Harvard, Massachusetts. Up front, he paid $1,500 of the total $1,800 value of the property; the rest was meant to be paid by the Alcotts over a two-year period. They moved to the farm on June 1 and optimistically named it "Fruitlands" despite only ten old apple trees on the property. In July, Alcott announced their plans in "The Dial": "We have made an arrangement with the proprietor of an estate of about a hundred acres, which liberates this tract from human ownership".

paragraph: Their goal was to regain access to Eden by finding the correct formula for perfect living, following specific rules governing agriculture, diet, and reproduction. In order to achieve this, they removed themselves from the economy as much as possible and lived independently; unlike a similar project named Brook Farm, the participants at Fruitlands avoided interaction with local communities. Calling themselves a "consociate family", they agreed to follow a strict vegetarian diet and to till the land without the use of animal labor. After some difficulty, they relented and allowed some cattle to be "enslaved". They also banned coffee, tea, alcoholic drinks, milk, and warm bathwater. They only ate "aspiring vegetables"—those which grew upward—and refused those that grew downward like potatoes. As Alcott had published earlier, "Our wine is water,—flesh, bread;—drugs, fruits." For clothing, they prohibited leather because animals were killed for it, as well as cotton, silk, and wool, because they were products of slave labor. Alcott had high expectations but was often away when the community most needed him as he attempted to recruit more members.

paragraph: The experimental community was never successful, partly because most of the land was not arable. Alcott lamented, "None of us were prepared to actualize practically the ideal life of which we dreamed. So we fell apart". Its founders were often away as well; in the middle of harvesting, they left for a lecture tour through Providence, Rhode Island, New York City, and New Haven, Connecticut. In its seven months, only 13 people joined, included the Alcotts and Lanes. Other than Abby May and her daughters, only one other woman joined, Ann Page. One rumor is that Page was asked to leave after eating a fish tail with a neighbor. Lane believed Alcott had misled him into thinking enough people would join the enterprise and developed a strong dislike for the nuclear family. He quit the project and moved to a nearby Shaker family with his son. After Lane's departure, Alcott fell into a depression and could not speak or eat for three days. Abby May thought Lane purposely sabotaged her family. She wrote to her brother, "All Mr. Lane's efforts have been to disunite us. But Mr. Alcott's ... paternal instincts were too strong for him." When the final payment on the farm was owed, Sam May refused to cover his brother-in-law's debts, as he often did, possibly at Abby May's suggestion. The experiment failed, the Alcotts had to leave Fruitlands.

paragraph: The members of the Alcott family were not happy with their Fruitlands experience. At one point, Abby May threatened that she and their daughters would move elsewhere, leaving Bronson behind. Louisa May Alcott, who was ten years old at the time, later wrote of the experience in "Transcendental Wild Oats" (1873): "The band of brothers began by spading garden and field; but a few days of it lessened their ardor amazingly."

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Return to Concord.

paragraph: In January 1844, Alcott moved his family to Still River, a village within Harvard but, on March 1, 1845, the family returned to Concord to live in a home they named "The Hillside" (later renamed "The Wayside" by Nathaniel Hawthorne). Both Emerson and Sam May assisted in securing the home for the Alcotts. While living in the home, Louisa began writing in earnest and was given her own room. She later said her years at the home "were the happiest years" of her life; many of the incidents in her novel "Little Women" (1868) are based on this period. Alcott renovated the property, moving a barn and painting the home a rusty olive color, as well as tending to over six acres of land. On May 23, 1845, Abby May was granted a sum from her father's estate which was put into a trust fund, granting minor financial security. That summer, Bronson Alcott let Henry David Thoreau borrow his ax to prepare his home at Walden Pond.

paragraph: The Alcotts hosted a steady stream of visitors at The Hillside, including fugitive slaves, which they hosted in secret as a station of the Underground Railroad. Alcott's opposition to slavery also fueled his opposition to the Mexican–American War which began in 1846. He considered the war a blatant attempt to extend slavery and asked if the country was made up of "a people bent on conquest, on getting the golden treasures of Mexico into our hands, and of subjugating foreign peoples?"

paragraph: In 1848, Abby May insisted they leave Concord, which she called "cold, heartless, brainless, soulless". The Alcott family put The Hillside up for rent and moved to Boston. There, next door to Peabody's book store on West Street, Bronson Alcott hosted a series based on the "Conversations" model by Margaret Fuller called "A Course on the Conversations on Man—his History, Resources, and Expectations". Participants, both men and women, were charged three dollars to attend or five dollars for all seven lectures. In March 1853, Alcott was invited to teach fifteen students at Harvard Divinity School in an extracurricular, non-credit course.

paragraph: Alcott and his family moved back to Concord after 1857, where he and his family lived in the Orchard House until 1877. In 1860, Alcott was named superintendent of Concord Schools.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Civil War years and beyond.

paragraph: Alcott voted in a presidential election for the first time in 1860. In his journal for November 6, 1860, he wrote: "At Town House, and cast my vote for Lincoln and the Republican candidates generally—the first vote I ever cast for a President and State officers." Alcott was an abolitionist and a friend of the more radical William Lloyd Garrison. He had attended a rally led by Wendell Phillips on behalf of 17-year-old Thomas Sims, a fugitive slave on trial in Boston. Alcott was one of several who attempted to storm the courthouse; when gunshots were heard, he was the only one who stood his ground, though the effort was unsuccessful. He had also stood his ground in a protest against the trial of Anthony Burns. A group had broken down the door of the Boston courthouse but guards beat them back. Alcott stood forward and asked the leader of the group, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, "Why are we not within?" He then walked calmly into the courthouse, was threatened with a gun, and turned back, "but without hastening a step", according to Higginson.

paragraph: In 1862, Louisa moved to Washington, D.C. to volunteer as a nurse. On January 14, 1863, the Alcotts received a telegram that Louisa was sick; Bronson immediately went to bring her home, briefly meeting Abraham Lincoln while there. Louisa turned her experience into the book "Hospital Sketches". Her father wrote of it, "I see nothing in the way of a good appreciation of Louisa's merits as a woman and a writer."

paragraph: Henry David Thoreau died on May 6, 1862, likely from an illness he caught from Alcott two years earlier.

paragraph: At Emerson's request, Alcott helped arrange Thoreau's funeral, which was held at First Parish Sanctuary in Concord, despite Thoreau having disavowed membership in the church when he was in his early twenties. Emerson wrote a eulogy, and Alcott helped plan the preparations. Only two years later, neighbor Nathaniel Hawthorne died as well. Alcott served as a pallbearer along with Louis Agassiz, James Thomas Fields, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and others. With Hawthorne's death, Alcott worried that few of the Concord notables remained. He recorded in his journal: "Fair figures one by one are fading from sight." The next year, Lincoln was assassinated, which Alcott called "appalling news".

paragraph: In 1868, Alcott met with publisher Thomas Niles, an admirer of "Hospital Sketches". Alcott asked Niles if he would publish a book of short stories by his daughter; instead, he suggested she write a book about girls. Louisa May was not interested initially but agreed to try. "They want a book of 200 pages or more", Alcott told his daughter. The result was "Little Women", published later that year. The book, which fictionalized the Alcott family during the girls' coming-of-age years, recast the father figure as a chaplain, away from home at the front in the Civil War.

paragraph: Alcott spoke, as opportunity arose, before the "lyceums" then common in various parts of the United States, or addressed groups of hearers as they invited him. These "conversations" as he called them, were more or less informal talks on a great range of topics, spiritual, aesthetic and practical, in which he emphasized the ideas of the school of American Transcendentalists led by Emerson, who was always his supporter and discreet admirer. He often discussed Platonic philosophy, the illumination of the mind and soul by direct communion with Spirit; upon the spiritual and poetic monitions of external nature; and upon the benefit to man of a serene mood and a simple way of life.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Final years.

paragraph: Alcott's published books, all from late in his life, include "Tablets" (1868), "Concord Days" (1872), "New Connecticut" (1881), and "Sonnets and Canzonets" (1882). Louisa May attended to her father's needs in his final years. She purchased a house for her sister Anna which had been the last home of Henry David Thoreau, now known as the Thoreau-Alcott House. Louisa and her parents moved in with Anna as well.

paragraph: After the death of his wife Abby May on November 25, 1877, Alcott never returned to Orchard House, too heartbroken to live there. He and Louisa May collaborated on a memoir and went over her papers, letters, and journals. "My heart bleeds with the memories of those days", he wrote, "and even long years, of cheerless anxiety and hopeless dependence." Louisa noted her father had become "restless with his anchor gone". They gave up on the memoir project and Louisa burned many of her mother's papers.

paragraph: On January 19, 1879, Alcott and Franklin Benjamin Sanborn wrote a prospectus for a new school which they distributed to potentially interested people throughout the country. The result was the Concord School of Philosophy and Literature, which held its first session in 1879 in Alcott's study in the Orchard House. In 1880 the school moved to the Hillside Chapel, a building next to the house, where he held conversations and, over the course of successive summers, as he entered his eighties, invited others to give lectures on themes in philosophy, religion and letters. The school, considered one of the first formal adult education centers in America, was also attended by foreign scholars. It continued for nine years.

paragraph: In April 1882, Alcott's friend and benefactor Ralph Waldo Emerson was sick and bedridden. After visiting him, Alcott wrote, "Concord will be shorn of its human splendor when he withdraws behind the cloud." Emerson died the next day. Alcott himself moved out of Concord for his final years, settling at 10 Louisburg Square in Boston beginning in 1885.

paragraph: As he was bedridden at the end of his life, Alcott's daughter Louisa May came to visit him at Louisburg on March 1, 1888. He said to her, "I am going "up. Come with me"." She responded, "I wish I could." He died three days later on March 4; Louisa May died only two days after her father.

paragraph: Section::::Beliefs.

paragraph: Alcott was fundamentally and philosophically opposed to corporal punishment as a means of disciplining his students. Instead, beginning at the Temple School, he would appoint a daily student superintendent. When that student observed an infraction, he or she reported it to the rest of the class and, as a whole, they deliberated on punishment. At times, Alcott offered his own hand for an offending student to strike, saying that any failing was the teacher's responsibility. The shame and guilt this method induced, he believed, was far superior to the fear instilled by corporal punishment; when he used physical "correction" he required that the students be unanimously in support of its application, even including the student to be punished.

paragraph: The most detailed discussion of his theories on education is in an essay, "Observations on the Principles and Methods of Infant Instruction". Alcott believed that early education must draw out "unpremeditated thoughts and feelings of the child" and emphasized that infancy should primarily focus on enjoyment. He noted that learning was not about the acquisition of facts but the development of a reflective state of mind.

paragraph: Alcott's ideas as an educator were controversial. Writer Harriet Martineau, for example, wrote dubiously that, "the master presupposes his little pupils possessed of all truth; and that his business is to bring it out into expression". Even so, his ideas helped to found one of the first adult education centers in America, and provided the foundation for future generations of liberal education. Many of Alcott's educational principles are still used in classrooms today, including "teach by encouragement", art education, music education, acting exercises, learning through experience, risk-taking in the classroom, tolerance in schools, physical education/recess, and early childhood education. The teachings of William Ellery Channing a few years earlier had also laid the groundwork for the work of most of the Concord Transcendentalists.

paragraph: The Concord School of Philosophy, which closed following Alcott's death in 1888, was reopened almost 90 years later in the 1970s. It has continued functioning with a Summer Conversational Series in its original building at Orchard House, now run by the Louisa May Alcott Memorial Association.

paragraph: While many of Alcott's ideas continue to be perceived as being on the liberal/radical edge, they are still common themes in society, including vegetarian/veganism, sustainable living, and temperance/self-control. Alcott described his sustenance as a "Pythagorean diet": meat, eggs, butter, cheese, and milk were excluded and drinking was confined to well water. Alcott believed that diet held the key to human perfection and connected physical well-being to mental improvement. He further viewed a perfection of nature to the spirit and, in a sense, predicted modern environmentalism by condemning pollution and encouraging humankind's role in sustaining ecology.

paragraph: Section::::Criticism.

paragraph: Alcott's philosophical teachings have been criticized as inconsistent, hazy or abrupt. He formulated no system of philosophy, and shows the influence of Plato, German mysticism, and Immanuel Kant as filtered through the writings of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Margaret Fuller referred to Alcott as "a philosopher of the balmy times of ancient Greece—a man whom the worldlings of Boston hold in as much horror as the worldlings of Athens held Socrates." In his later years, Alcott related a story from his boyhood: during a total solar eclipse, he threw rocks at the sky until he fell and dislocated his shoulder. He reflected that the event was a prophecy that he would be "tilting at the sun and always catching the fall".

paragraph: Like Emerson, Alcott was always optimistic, idealistic, and individualistic in thinking. Writer James Russell Lowell referred to Alcott in his poem "Studies for Two Heads" as "an angel with clipped wings". Even so, Emerson noted that Alcott's brilliant conversational ability did not translate into good writing. "When he sits down to write," Emerson wrote, "all his genius leaves him; he gives you the shells and throws away the kernel of his thought." His "Orphic Sayings", published in "The Dial", became famous for their hilarity as dense, pretentious, and meaningless. In New York, for example, "The Knickerbocker" published a parody titled "Gastric Sayings" in November 1840. A writer for the "Boston Post" referred to Alcott's "Orphic Sayings" as "a train of fifteen railroad cars with one passenger".

paragraph: Modern critics often fault Alcott for not being able to financially support his family. Alcott himself worried about his own prospects as a young man, once writing to his mother that he was "still at my old trade—hoping." Alcott held his principles above his well-being. Shortly before his marriage, for example, his future father-in-law Colonel Joseph May helped him find a job teaching at a school in Boston run by the Society of Free Enquirers, followers of Robert Owen, for a lucrative $1,000 to $1,200 annual salary. He refused it because he did not agree with their beliefs, writing, "I shall have nothing to do with them."

paragraph: From the other perspective, Alcott's unique teaching ideas created an environment which produced two famous daughters in different fields, in a time when women were not commonly encouraged to have independent careers.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Observations on the Principles and Methods of Infant Instruction" (1830)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Doctrine and Discipline of Human Culture" (1836)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Conversations with Children on the Gospels" (Volume I, 1836)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Conversations with Children on the Gospels" (Volume II, 1837)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tablets" (1868)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Concord Days" (1872)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Table-talk" (1877)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New Connecticut. an Autobiographical Poem" (1887; first edition privately printed in 1882)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sonnets and Canzonets" (1882)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ralph Waldo Emerson, Philosopher and Seer: An Estimate of His Character and Genius in Prose and Verse" (1882)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The journals of Bronson Alcott"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amos Bronson Alcott Network

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alcott biography on American Transcendentalism Web

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alcott at Perspectives in American Literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bronson Alcott: A glimpse at our vegetarian heritage, by Karen Iacobbo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guide to Books from the library of Amos Bronson Alcott at Houghton Library, Harvard University

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guide to Amos Bronson Alcott papers at Houghton Library, Harvard University

description: American teacher and writer

enwikiquote_title: Amos Bronson Alcott

wikidata_label: Amos Bronson Alcott

wikipedia_title: Amos Bronson Alcott


text:
Australian Institute of Sport
Logan Thunder
2017–18 season
Townsville Fire
2009 FIBA Oceania Under-16 Championship
Under-17 World Championship
Youth Olympic Games
Singapore

categories: Sportswomen from Queensland,Australian Institute of Sport basketball (WNBL) players,Basketball players at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics,Guards (basketball),1994 births,Logan Thunder players,Living people,Australian women's basketball players

paragraph: Mikhaela Donnelly

paragraph: Mikhaela Donnelly (born 30 April 1994) is an Australian professional basketball player.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:WNBL.

paragraph: Donnelly began her career playing for the Australian Institute of Sport. After a two-year stint, she then signed in her home state, with the Logan Thunder. She would spend two seasons with the Thunder, until the team folded due to financial difficulties.

paragraph: After a three year absence from the league, Donnelly returned for the 2017–18 season with the Townsville Fire.

paragraph: Section::::National Team.

paragraph: Section::::National Team.:Youth Level.

paragraph: Donnelly made her international debut for the national team at the 2009 FIBA Oceania Under-16 Championship in Brisbane, Queensland. Donnelly was not selected to the final side for the Under-17 World Championship in France the following year.

paragraph: In 2010, Donnelly represented Australia at the inaugural Youth Olympic Games in Singapore.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In March 2017, Donnelly gave birth to her first child, Adisyn.

description: Australian basketball player

wikidata_label: Mikhaela Donnelly

wikipedia_title: Mikhaela Donnelly


text: basketball

text: Women's National Basketball League

text: FIBA WOMEN'S ASIA CUP (2017)

text: FIBA 3×3 Asia Cup

text: Bulleen Boomers

text: Bendigo Spirit

text: Australian Youth Olympic Festival

text: 2011 U19 World Championships

text: WNBL

text: AIS

text: Spirit

text: SEABL

text: Bendigo Spirit

text: Dandenong Rangers

text: Canberra Capitals

text: Canberra Capitals

categories: Bendigo Spirit players,Living people,1992 births,Melbourne Boomers players,Australian Institute of Sport basketball (WNBL) players,Australian women's basketball players

paragraph: Madeleine Garrick

paragraph: Madeleine Claire Garrick (born 1 April 1992) is an Australian professional basketball player in the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL). Maddie Garrick has been representing Australia in the FIBA WOMEN'S ASIA CUP (2017) and FIBA 3×3 Asia Cup(2018-2019).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Working her way up through the junior ranks at Bulleen Boomers , Garrick played for Vic Country at the U16 and U18 AJC's before grabbing a spot with Bendigo Spirit in the WNBL as a 17-year old.

paragraph: She earned gold at the Australian Youth Olympic Festival in 2009 and although she only played in three games, gained valuable experience at the 2011 U19 World Championships where Australia finished fourth.

paragraph: Back in the WNBL, Garrick made the move to the AIS where she received more court time and honed her skills. She returned to the Spirit in 2012 and was a part of back-to-back Championships in 2012-13 and 2013-14.

paragraph: Closing in on 100 SEABL matches, the two-guard had a breakout season in 2014 and averaged 19 points, seven rebounds, and two assists to earn the MVP.

paragraph: Since 2015, Garrick has represented the Melbourne Boomers where her point production has rapidly increased to average double-figures in scoring over the past two seasons.

paragraph: She has also shot at least 37% from the three-point line and her form earned her a spot with the Australian Opals at the FIBA Women's Asia Cup in 2017 when they won the silver medal.br

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Bendigo Spirit.

paragraph: Prior to playing for Australian Institute of Sport, she played for the Bendigo Spirit. Her first WNBL game was with the Spirit when she was part of the squad for the 2009/2010 season opener against the Dandenong Rangers. She has committed to play for the Lady Braves during the 2012 SEABL season.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Australian Institute of Sport.

paragraph: In a 16 October 2010 loss to the Canberra Capitals, she was the Australian Institute of Sport's second leading scorer with ten points. In a 24 November 2010 game against the Canberra Capitals, she was second on the team in scoring.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Melbourne Boomers.

paragraph: Maddie Garrick -The two-time Championship winner in her fourth season with the Boomers- celebrated her 200th WNBL game when she stepped on the court for the Deakin Melbourne Boomers against Sydney at the State Basketball Centre.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- FIBA 3x3 WS Chengdu Stop Chengdu, China: 2019 (GOLD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- FIBA 3x3 Asia Cup Changsha, China : 2019 (GOLD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NBL Pro Hustle II Melbourne, Australia: 2018 (SILVER)

paragraph: BULLET::::- FIBA 3x3 Asia Cup Shenzhen, China : 2018 (BRONZE)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NBL Pro Hustle I Melbourne, Australia: 2018 (SILVER)

paragraph: BULLET::::- FIBA Women's Asia Cup: 2017 (SILVER)

paragraph: BULLET::::- FIBA U19 World Championship: 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Australian Youth Olympic Festival: 2009 (GOLD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- FIBA Oceania Youth Tournament: 2008

description: Female Australian basketball player

wikidata_label: Madeleine Garrick

wikipedia_title: Madeleine Garrick


text:
Australian Institute of Sport
South East Queensland Stars
Canberra Capitals
SEABL
QBL
Utah State Aggies
Logan, Utah
NCAA Division I
Mountain West Conference
Chicago Bulls
NBA
Brisbane Bullets
NBL
Cameron Bairstow
Stephanie Bairstow
WNBL
Utah State Aggies bio

categories: Basketball players from Brisbane,Sportswomen from Queensland,Australian Institute of Sport basketball (WNBL) players,1994 births,Australian expatriate basketball people in the United States,South East Queensland Stars players,Living people,Australian women's basketball players

paragraph: Stephanie Bairstow

paragraph: Stephanie Bairstow (born 10 October 1994) is an Australian professional basketball player.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:WNBL.

paragraph: Bairstow made her professional debut with the Australian Institute of Sport during the 2011–12 season. After her college career, Bairstow returned to the league with the new side in her home state, the South East Queensland Stars. Bairstow was signed by the Canberra Capitals for the 2016–17 season.

paragraph: She has had Off season Stints With the Brisbane Spartans in the 2016 SEABL season and with the South West Metro Pirates in the 2017 & 2018 QBL season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:College.

paragraph: From 2012 to 2014, Bairstow played college basketball for the Utah State Aggies located in Logan, Utah. Participating in the NCAA Division I and primarily in the Mountain West Conference.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Bairstow's brother is former Chicago Bulls (NBA) player and current Brisbane Bullets (NBL) player Cameron Bairstow.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stephanie Bairstow: WNBL

paragraph: BULLET::::- Utah State Aggies bio

description: Female Australian basketball player

wikidata_label: Stephanie Bairstow

wikipedia_title: Stephanie Bairstow


href: %C4%92rg%C4%BCi Latvia butoh Latvia Dance%20Therapy %C4%92rg%C4%BCi Misa%20%28Latvia%29 Riga Germany Denmark Sweden Riga Latvia Saint%20Petersburg Russia Sweden Uppsala Denmark Malaysia Kuala%20Lumpur butoh Brazil Kuala%20Lumpur Malaysia Japan Riga Riga Latvia Modris%20Tenisons butoh Dance%20Therapy Sanskrit Ayurveda massage yoga meditation herbalism yoga meditation Bristol United%20Kingdom

text:
Ērgļi
Latvia
butoh
Latvia
Dance Therapy
Ērgļi
Misa (Latvia)
Riga
Germany
Denmark
Sweden
Riga
Latvia
Saint Petersburg
Russia
Sweden
Uppsala
Denmark
Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur
butoh
Brazil
Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
Japan
Riga
Riga
Latvia
Modris Tenisons
butoh
Dance Therapy
Sanskrit
Ayurveda
massage
yoga
meditation
herbalism
yoga
meditation
Bristol
United Kingdom

categories: 1978 births,Dance therapists,People from Ērgļi Municipality,Latvian women artists,Butoh,Latvian artists,Living people

paragraph: Simona Orinska

paragraph: Simona Orinska (born August 18, 1978 in Ērgļi, Latvia) is the only butoh artist in Latvia and a multidisciplinary artist - contemporary dancer, poet, director and choreographer of many art projects. She is also a Dance Therapy or Dance Movement Therapy practitioner.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Simona grew up in Ērgļi until she was about 6–7 years old, then her family moved to small village called Misa (Latvia). When she was 17 years old she moved to Riga and started her study in Riga Applied College. She studied in the Environmental Design Department specializing in Object Design from 1997 to 2000. Then from 2000 to 2005 she completed both her bachelor's and master's degrees in arts in Latvian Academy of Culture. Her passion in arts motivated her to complete her second master's degree in Health Service and Art Therapist Professional Qualification with specialization in Dance Movement Therapy in the Riga Stradina University from 2006 to 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Background.:Butoh career.

paragraph: Simona had her first exposure on butoh in a workshop with Sophie Cournede from Schloss Brölin Art Center, Germany way back in 2002. But she started actively engaging butoh only since 2005:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 Anita Saij butoh method (Nordic School of Butoh, Denmark)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 SU-EN Butoh Method (SU-EN Butoh Company, Sweden)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 Masterclasse with Ken Mai (Riga, Latvia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 Butoh dance masterclasses with Ken Mai, Yukio Waguri, Tsuruyama ZULU Kinya (in the frameworks of Nonverbal Arts festival „Vertical 2007: Buto Relations”, (Saint Petersburg, Russia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 SU-EN Butoh Company workshop and participating in the international performance project „The Chicken Project – Romeo and Juliet” (Sweden, Uppsala, Shakespeare’s Festival, http://www.suenbutohcompany.net/)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 Kitt Johnson workshop „Expressive Anatomy” (Denmark)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 Swee Keong, Lai Chee (Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 2010 Nyoba Kan International Butoh Festival, http://www.nyobakan.blogspot.com/)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 Joao Roberto de Souza (butoh artist from Brazil, in a workshop of 2010 Nyoba Kan International Butoh Festival, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 Toshiharu Kasai (stage name Itto Morita) (Japan), in a workshop

paragraph: In 2008, she was involved in the International Arts Synergy Festival in Riga. She also made a multimedia performance butoh performance titled "Eyes Fluttering in My Knees."

paragraph: In 2010, she will make a new performance titled "The Sacred Dances of the Night" at Happy Art Museum (www.pinakoteka.lv) in Riga, Latvia on October 30, November 6 & 27 together with Modris Tenisons (artist, director), Artis Gulbis (performance & sound artist), Gita Straustina(video artist), Skaidra Jančaite (Lithuania, singer), Ken Mai (Japan, co-author, consultant of performance), Ērika Māldere (artistic lighting designer) and her companion Aigars Lenkēvičs (graphic designer) from Lamp Design Worshop.

paragraph: Section::::Background.:Other Dance Performances.

paragraph: Apart from butoh performances, she also involved in a processional art performance - "Somebody who leads" and a performance in a photo exhibition - "On Haiku". She also participated in an international video dance project (Latvia, England, Portugal, Spain, Chile, Hungary). Premiere was held in 2007, August 17 in the frameworks of the International Video Art Festival “Waterpieces 07”.

paragraph: Section::::Background.:Dance Movement Therapy.

paragraph: Simona is a private Dance Therapy or Dance Movement Therapy practitioner under the supervision of Medicine Association "ARS" (Medicīnas sabiedrība "ARS": https://web.archive.org/web/20101015022819/http://www.ars-med.lv/start.php?lang=en). She provides both individual and group Dance Movement Therapy. Her clients consist of both children and adults. She uses movement to improve her clients' physical, emotional, cognitive and social capabilities. She uses this therapy to help her clients to ease emotional and physical stress, solve psychosomatic difficulties, garner life energy, obtain deep relaxation, develop creativity and feel the joy of body movement.

paragraph: Simona complements the individual Dance Movement Therapy with the Champi ("filling with energy" in Sanskrit) massage, which is a type of Ayurvedic massages rooted in India. The Champi massage is based on the natural health care system of Ayurveda, which incorporates massage, yoga, meditation and herbal remedies (herbalism). Instead of traditional using ways of yoga and meditation, she uses the Dance Movement Therapy to give her clients a feeling of dynamic motion and inner peace, and uses the Champi massage to give her clients a feeling of full relaxation and external tranquility. She believes that the integration of these two therapies can have more wholesome therapeutic effect on her clients.

paragraph: During the Champi massage, her clients will usually be asked to sit down. Then she will first massage her clients' shoulders, than their hands, necks and head zones. These step-by-step movements of massage will pressure her client’s energetic lines and points and are strictly regimented. She also uses the aromatic essential oils of great value and finds every client specific oils matching her or his type.

paragraph: Since April 20, 2009, she is employed as an art therapy specialist (Dance Movement therapist) in a children hospital "Gailezers" and works with children with psychiatric problems.

paragraph: She had two Dance Movement Therapy internships in Bristol, the United Kingdom in 2008, namely in a dance movement therapy center called "Dance Voice" (client groups: mental health problems, addiction recovery, learning difficulties, autistic children and individual clients) and in a special school for autistic children called "St.Cristopher’s School” (client groups: Individual clients with autistic spectrum disorders.

paragraph: She was also one of the founding members of Latvian Dance Movement Therapy Association. She is now one of the members in the Board of Directors of the Association.

description: Latvian dancer

wikidata_label: Simona Orinska

wikipedia_title: Simona Orinska


text: Kasuga no Tsubone

text: wet nurse

text: shōgun

text: Tokugawa Iemitsu

text: koku

text: Makabe District

text: Hitachi Province

text: daimyō

text: Inaba Masanari

text: Inaba clan

text: Katō Tadahiro

text: Kumamoto Castle

text: Papinot, Edmond

text: Sadler, A. L.

categories: Fudai daimyo,1634 deaths,Inaba clan,1597 births,Rōjū

paragraph: Inaba Masakatsu

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Inaba Masakatsu was the eldest son of Kasuga no Tsubone, the wet nurse to "shōgun" Tokugawa Iemitsu. He was raised with Iemitsu as one of his childhood playmates and confidants. In 1624, he received a 5000-"koku" estate in Makabe District, Hitachi Province, which, added to his existing holdings, propelled him past the 10,000 "koku" mark to become a "daimyō". Kakioka Domain in Shimōsa Province was created to be his title. Howevever, on the death of his father Inaba Masanari in 1628, Masakatsu became head of the Inaba clan, and inherited his father's position as "daimyō" of Mōka Domain, at which time Kakioka Domain was abolished. Masakatsu was again transferred four years later to Odawara Domain. In 1632, he was assigned to assist Katō Tadahiro in the reconstruction of Kumamoto Castle. However, in the summer of 1633, while still at Kumamoto, he fell ill and vomited blood. He died the following year.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Papinot, Edmond. (1906) "Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du japon". Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha...Click link for digitized 1906 "Nobiliaire du japon" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sadler, A. L. (2009). "The Life of Tokugawa Ieyasu". Olympia Press. .

description: Seventeenth century daimyō

wikidata_label: Inaba Masakatsu

wikipedia_title: Inaba Masakatsu


text: Nabu

text: Babylon

text: Chaldea

text: Erība-Marduk

text: Assyria

text: Borsippa

text: Dilbat

text: Arameans

text: Nabû

text: Akītu

text: Chronicle of the Market Prices

text: Uruk

text: Seleucid

text: Parthia

text: Cutheans

text: Nabû-Nasir

categories: Babylonian kings,8th-century BC Babylonian kings

paragraph: Nabu-shuma-ishkun

paragraph: Nabû-šuma-iškun, inscribed "Nabû-šuma-iškun", and meaning "Nabu has set a name", was king of Babylon, speculatively ca. 761 – 748 BC (see below for provenance), and ruled during a time of great civil unrest. He came from the Bīt-Dakkūri tribe, a Chaldean group apparently unrelated to that of his immediate predecessor, Erība-Marduk.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: His place in the sequence of Babylonian rulers is confirmed by an Assyrian "Synchronistic Kinglist" fragment. A contemporary source for information concerning his reign is found in an inscription of the governor of Borsippa, Nabû-šuma-imbi, which highlights his weakness and the autonomy of his regional officials. This barrel cylinder records the struggle over the control of their fields in the face of the incursions of marauders from Babylon and Dilbat; also Chaldeans and Arameans. At night, the city streets and its temple area were transformed into a battleground. During the fifth and sixth years of the king, the strife was so great that the cultic idol of Nabû was prevented from participating in the Akītu, or new year festival in Babylon. The coincidental recording of years five and six of a no longer legible ruler in the "Chronicle of the Market Prices" has led this reference to be assigned to him. In the king’s eighth year, Nabû-šuma-imbi was able to install a certain Nabû-mutakkil as a temple official and repair the Ezida temple of Nabû storehouses.

paragraph: He is the main subject of a chronicle, "The Crimes and Sacrileges of Nabu-šuma-iškun", uncovered in Uruk in a Seleucid era dwelling belonging to the exorcist Anu-ikṣur on the Parthian mound southeast of the Eanna complex, whose underlying theme is his violation of all moral and legal principles and consequentially – his ignominious demise. His crimes included “burn(ing) alive sixteen Cutheans at Zababa's gate in the heart of Babylon;” “he committed insult and unspeakable slander” of a certain Iltagal-il of the town Dur-ša-Karbi, and “a leek, a thing forbidden in the Ezida, he brought to the temple of Nabû and gave to eat to the one 'entering the temple'(i.e. the priest)," apparently an unforgivable act. Unfortunately the Chronicle was damaged in antiquity so how he met his come-uppance is not preserved. The length of his reign is uncertain, as it is not preserved in chronicle or king list references, but his reign is known to have ended in 748 BC as the chronology is fixed from the reign of Nabû-Nasir onward, and there is a legal text recording the sale of a plot of land, and a grain receipt dated to his tenth year, and two economic texts to his thirteenth year.

paragraph: Section::::References.

wikidata_label: Nabu-shuma-ishkun

wikipedia_title: Nabu-shuma-ishkun


text:
bishop of Lescar
Council of Agde
Gratus of Oloron
Gratianus of Dax
breviary
Lescar
Visigoth
Mimizan
Clovis
Roman Catholic
Alaric II
bishop of Bordeaux
Pyrenees
Battle of Vouillé
relic
Reformation
Lescar Cathedral

paragraph: Galactorius of Lescar

paragraph: Saint Galactorius () was a bishop of Lescar in the early 6th century. His feast is celebrated on 27 July.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Galactorius took part in 506 in the Council of Agde, when he was described as "Galactorius, episcopus de Benarno", along with the bishops Saint Gratus of Oloron and Gratianus of Dax, as well as several delegates of the bishops of Tarbes and of Aire. His tenure as bishop is attested and it is known that his diocese was well administered.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Legend.

paragraph: The legend, told in the breviary of Lescar, printed in 1541, portrays Galactorius fighting the Visigoths at Mimizan at the head of an armed band and seeking help from Clovis. Taken prisoner, he is said to have met a martyr's death in 506, refusing to abjure his Roman Catholic faith. A religious building is said to have been raised in his honour on the site, later replaced by the belltower of the church of Mimizan.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Interpretation.

paragraph: It is difficult to conceive of the bishop, despite his possible sympathy with Clovis, taking arms in 506 against Alaric II, who had just given evidence of his tolerance for Roman Catholics by authorising them to hold a council. It is more likely that Galactorius was at Mimizan towards 507 to meet the bishop of Bordeaux and was surprised by Visigoth troops retreating towards the Pyrenees after having been routed at the Battle of Vouillé by the Frankish army. Doubtless humiliated by their defeat, hostile to Roman Catholics and eager for vengeance, such a group would easily have put to death the Catholic bishop of Lescar.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Relics.

paragraph: The relics of Galactorius were preserved until the Reformation in a casket beneath the high altar of Lescar Cathedral. It is unknown when, and how, they disappeared.

wikidata_label: Galactorius of Lescar

wikipedia_title: Galactorius of Lescar


text: ajaw

text: Maya

text: Palenque

text: Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II

text: Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I

text: Toniná

text: Kʼinich Baaknal Chaak

text: Kʼinich Ahkal Moʼ Nahb III

categories: 644 births,Rulers of Palenque,8th-century monarchs in North America

paragraph: Kʼinich Kʼan Joy Chitam II

paragraph: Kʼinich Kʼan Joy Chitam II, also known as Kan Xul II and Kʼan Hokʼ Chitam II, October 31, 644 – c.721, was an "ajaw" of the Maya city of Palenque. He took the throne on May 28, 702 (9.13.10.6.8), reigning until c.721. He succeeded his elder brother Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II. Their father was Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I ("Pacal the Great"), who had ruled for 68 years, and their mother was Lady Tzʼakbu Ajaw. His possible brother could be Tiwol Chan Mat. Kʼinich Kʼan Joy Chitam apparently reigned for about nine years. He was captured by the Toniná in 711 and was possibly executed by their leader, Kʼinich Baaknal Chaak or was later restored to his kingship. He was succeeded in late 721 by Kʼinich Ahkal Moʼ Nahb III.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Possible representation of Kʼinich Kʼan Joy Chitam II

description: Ruler of Palenque

wikidata_label: K'inich K'an Joy Chitam II

wikipedia_title: Kʼinich Kʼan Joy Chitam II


text: Norwegian

text: keyboardist

text: Arcturus

text: Jan Axel Blomberg

text: Mayhem

text: The Kovenant

text: Nexus Polaris

text: black metal

text: Ulver

text: Satyricon

text: Aspera Hiems Symfonia

text: La Masquerade Infernale

text: Disguised Masters

text: The Sham Mirrors

text: Sideshow Symphonies

text: Shipwrecked In Oslo

text: Arcturian

text: Nexus Polaris

text: Satyricon

text: The Shadowthrone

text: Ved Buens Ende

text: ...Coiled in Obscurity

text: Ulver

text: Bergtatt - Et Eeventyr i 5 Capitler

text: Fleurety

text: Department of Apocalyptic Affairs

categories: Norwegian black metal musicians,Heavy metal keyboardists,1972 births,Norwegian rock keyboardists,Rock pianists,Arcturus (band) members,The Kovenant members,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people

paragraph: Steinar Sverd Johnsen

paragraph: Steinar Sverd Johnsen is a Norwegian keyboardist and composer, born 1972. Sverd plays keyboards and synthesizers in Arcturus and was also the main composer for the band. He formed the band with Jan Axel Blomberg (also known as Hellhammer) of Mayhem in 1987, originally under the moniker Mortem (where he played guitar). The band split up in April 2007, but reformed in 2011.

paragraph: In 1998, Sverd was recruited by the band, The Kovenant, known at the time as Covenant, along with Hellhammer. After the release of the album "Nexus Polaris", Sverd and the band parted ways.

paragraph: Sverd has also been a guest on a few releases by prominent Norwegian black metal bands, Ulver and Satyricon.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Mortem.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Slow Death (Demo) (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Slow Death EP (1990)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Arcturus.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Promo 90 (Demo) (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. My Angel EP (1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Constellation MCD (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Aspera Hiems Symfonia (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Constellation LP (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::6. La Masquerade Infernale (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Disguised Masters (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Aspera Hiems Symfonia/Constellation/My Angel re-release (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::9. The Sham Mirrors (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Sideshow Symphonies (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Shipwrecked In Oslo (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::12. Arcturian (2015)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Covenant.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Nexus Polaris (1998)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As a session musician.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Satyricon - The Shadowthrone (1994) (credited as S.S.)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Ved Buens Ende - ...Coiled in Obscurity (1995)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As a guest musician.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Ulver - Bergtatt - Et Eeventyr i 5 Capitler (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Fleurety - Department of Apocalyptic Affairs - (2000)

description: Norwegian musician

wikidata_label: Steinar Sverd Johnsen

wikipedia_title: Steinar Sverd Johnsen


text: American

text: professional wrestler

text: ring name

text: Honolulu

text: Lord James Blears

text: Lou Thesz

text: 50th State Big Time Wrestling

text: championship

text: teaming

text: Billy Varga

text: Great Togo

text: Tosh Togo

text: NWA Hawaii Tag Team Championship

text: Dick Hutton

text: NWA Hawaii Heavyweight Championship

text: contiguous United States

text: Los Angeles

text: California

text: Worldwide Wrestling Associates

text: Atlanta

text: Georgia

text: Georgia Championship Wrestling

text: Eddie Graham

text: North Carolina

text: Mid Atlantic Championship Wrestling

text: Championship Wrestling from Florida

text: NWA Florida Tag Team Championship

text: surfer

text: canoeist

text: Ricky Steamboat

text: Alzheimer's disease

text: 50th State Big Time Wrestling

text: NWA Hawaii Heavyweight Championship

text: 4 times

text: NWA Hawaii Tag Team Championship

text: 5 times

text: Billy Varga

text: Bearcat Wright

text: Peter Maivia

text: Billy White Wolf

text: 4 times

text: Championship Wrestling from Florida

text: NWA Florida Tag Team Championship

text: 1 time

text: Ciclon Negro

text: 5 times

text: Eddie Graham

text: Jose Lothario

text: 1 time

text: Georgia Championship Wrestling

text: Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling

text: 1 time

text: Worldwide Wrestling Associates

text: 1 time

text: Dick Hutton

categories: American male professional wrestlers,2006 deaths,1934 births,Deaths from Alzheimer's disease,Professional wrestlers from Hawaii,President Theodore Roosevelt High School alumni

paragraph: Sammy Steamboat

paragraph: Samuel K. Mokuahi (May 4, 1934 – May 2, 2006) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Sammy Steamboat.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Mokuahi grew up in Honolulu, attending President Theodore Roosevelt High School, where he played multiple different sports.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.

paragraph: Mokuahi was trained to wrestle by Lord James Blears and Lou Thesz. He debuted in the 1950s, adopting the ring name "Sam Steamboat", the English translation of his birth name.

paragraph: Steamboat began his career with the Honolulu-based promotion 50th State Big Time Wrestling. He won his first championship on August 5, 1956, teaming with Billy Varga to defeat Great Togo and Tosh Togo for the NWA Hawaii Tag Team Championship. On January 25, 1961, Steamboat defeated Dick Hutton to win the NWA Hawaii Heavyweight Championship. He lost the championship to Luigi Macera on April 15, 1961.

paragraph: In the early 1960s, Steamboat relocated to the contiguous United States, where he competed for the Los Angeles, California-based promotion Worldwide Wrestling Associates. In 1960, he won the WWA International Television Tag Team Championship with Dick Hutton.

paragraph: Steamboat went on to compete in the Atlanta, Georgia-based Georgia Championship Wrestling, where he won the NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Georgia version) with Eddie Graham in 1964, and the North Carolina-based Mid Atlantic Championship Wrestling, where he held the NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Mid-Atlantic version) with Graham in 1965.

paragraph: In the mid-1960s, Steamboat began wrestling for Championship Wrestling from Florida, where he reformed his alliance with Eddie Graham. Steamboat won the NWA World Tag Team Championship (Florida version) on five occasions between 1964 and 1967, as well as the NWA World Tag Team Championship (Mid-America version) on two occasions in 1965 and the NWA Florida Tag Team Championship in 1969.

paragraph: Steamboat returned to Hawaii in the late 1960s, winning the NWA Hawaii Heavyweight Championship on three further occasions and the NWA Hawaii Tag Team Championship on four further occasions. He also won the NWA North American Championship (Hawaii version) on four occasions. He retired in the late 1970s.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Mokuahi was married to Sheryll, with whom he had seven children.

paragraph: Mokuhai was an avid surfer and canoeist.

paragraph: Fellow professional wrestler Ricky Steamboat took his ring name from Mokuahi due to their resemblance and was briefly billed as his son or nephew. However, the two men were unrelated.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Mokuahi died in Hawaii from complications from Alzheimer's disease on May 2, 2006.

paragraph: Section::::Championships and accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 50th State Big Time Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Hawaii Heavyweight Championship (4 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Hawaii Tag Team Championship (5 times) – with Billy Varga (1 time), Bearcat Wright (1 time), Peter Maivia (2 times), and Billy White Wolf (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA North American Heavyweight Championship "(Hawaii version)" (4 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Championship Wrestling from Florida

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Florida Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ciclon Negro

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA World Tag Team Championship "(Florida version)" (5 times) – with Eddie Graham (3 times), Ron Etchison (1 time), and Jose Lothario (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA World Tag Team Championship "(Mid-America version)" (1 time) – with Eddie Graham

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georgia Championship Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Georgia version) (4 times) – with Eddie Graham

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Southern Tag Team Championship "(Mid-Atlantic version)" (1 time) – with Eddie Graham

paragraph: BULLET::::- Worldwide Wrestling Associates

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWA International Television Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Dick Hutton

alias:
Sam Mokuahi, Jr.
Sam Steamboat

description: American professional wrestler

wikidata_label: Sammy Steamboat

wikipedia_title: Sammy Steamboat


text:
Roxbury, Vermont
Massachusetts
La Crosse, Wisconsin
Wisconsin State Assembly
Wisconsin State Senate
Republican
house
National Register of Historic Places

categories: Wisconsin Republicans,1826 births,Wisconsin city council members,School board members in Wisconsin,Wisconsin state senators,19th-century American politicians,1892 deaths,People from Roxbury, Vermont,Politicians from La Crosse, Wisconsin,Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly

paragraph: Gideon Hixon

paragraph: Gideon Cooley Hixon (March 28, 1826 – September 23, 1892) was a Wisconsin politician and businessman.

paragraph: Born in Roxbury, Vermont, he moved with his family to Massachusetts. In 1858 he went to La Crosse, Wisconsin and was in the lumber business. He served on the La Crosse Common Council. Hixon also served on the board of education and was president of board of education. Hixon served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1871 and 1872 and then the Wisconsin State Senate in 1873 and 1874. Hixon was a Republican. His house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Gideon Hixon

wikipedia_title: Gideon Hixon


text:
Belarus
football
Smolevichi
Belarusian Super Cup
2012

categories: FC Vitebsk players,FC Belshina Bobruisk players,1987 births,FC Baranovichi players,FC Slonim players,FC Smolevichi-STI players,Belarusian footballers,FC Gomel players,Association football forwards,FC Torpedo-BelAZ Zhodino players,FC Lokomotiv Gomel players,Living people,FC Bereza-2010 players,FC Gorodeya players

paragraph: Dmitry Gomza

paragraph: Dzmitry Gomza (; ; born 3 May 1987) is a Belarusian professional footballer. As of 2019, he plays for Smolevichi.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Gomel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Belarusian Super Cup winner: 2012

description: Belarusian footballer

wikidata_label: Dmitry Gomza

wikipedia_title: Dmitry Gomza


text: Lille

text: Lambersart

text: Lille

text: mycologist

text: editor

text: Annales des sciences naturelles

text: Mycoderma

text: binomial author

text: Agaricus radians

text: Aspergillus clavatus

text: Ascochyta desmazieri

text: Cainia desmazieri

text: Desmazierella

text: Ramalina

text: Meloderma desmazierei

categories: French mycologists,1862 deaths,1786 births

paragraph: John Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières

paragraph: Jean Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières (10 July 1786 in Lille – 23 June 1862 in Lambersart) was a merchant of Lille and an amateur mycologist. He was the editor of the scientific journals ""Annales des sciences naturelles"" and the ""Bulletin de la société des sciences de Lille"".

paragraph: He was creator of the exsiccatae series "Plantes cryptogames du Nord de la France" (1825–1851) and "Plantes cryptogames de France" (1853–1861). In 1827 he published a treatise on the genus "Mycoderma", titled ""Recherches microscopiques et physiologiques sur le genre Mycoderma"".

paragraph: He was the binomial author of the fungi species "Agaricus radians" and "Aspergillus clavatus".

paragraph: Section::::Eponymous taxa.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ascochyta desmazieri"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cainia desmazieri"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Desmazierella"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Desmazieria" (now "Ramalina")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meloderma desmazierei"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- works by John Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières

alias:
Desm.
John Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazieres

description: French amateur mycologist

wikidata_label: John Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières

wikipedia_title: John Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières


text: producer

text: engineer

text: mixer

text: songwriter

text: multi-instrumentalist

text: Nashville, TN

text: Jackson, MS

text: artists

text: session guitarist

text: producer

text: engineer

text: mixer

text: Pro Tools

text: Ampex

text: "The Smoakstack"

text: One Tree Hill

text: Private Practice

text: Pretty Little Liars

text: credits

text: Mat Kearney

text: Third Day

text: The Blind Boys of Alabama

text: Martha Wainwright

text: Monroe/Dabbs

text: Lovedrug

text: Jennifer Knapp

text: Matthew Mayfield

text: Griffin House

text: multi-platinum

text: Third Day

text: Move

text: "Billboard" 200

text: Billboard's Rock Albums chart

text: 54th Annual GRAMMY Awards

text: Leeland

text: The Great Awakening

text: Berry Hill

text: Chris Huston

text: live room

text: Control Room

text: Pro Tools 8 HD3 40 Input/56 Output

text: UAD-2 Quad card with all UAD Plug-ins

text: MCI JH24 16-track machine

text: Alesis Masterlink

text: Tascam CDR

text: discography

text: here

text: House of Heroes

text: Cold Hard Want

text: Gotee Records

text: Jennifer Knapp

text: Lovedrug

text: Mat Kearney

text: Nothing Left to Lose

text: Seabird

text: Third Day

text: Move

text: Relient K

text: Collapsible Lung

text: Mono vs Stereo

text: Green River Ordinance

text: Fifteen

text: Razor & Tie Songwriter Page

text: Dicogs.com Page

text: AllMusic.com Page

categories: American audio engineers,Record producers from Mississippi,Living people

paragraph: Paul Moak

paragraph: Paul Moak is an American producer, engineer, mixer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist currently residing in Nashville, TN.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Paul Greer Moak, III was born in Jackson, MS on July 8, 1979. He learned music at a young age and began touring and recording with artists soon after, primarily as a session guitarist but performing on other instruments as well.

paragraph: Over the years, Paul began to transition to the roles of producer, engineer, and mixer. He moved to Nashville, TN in 1998, where he had his first private studio.

paragraph: In early 2004, Paul opened "The Smoakstack" in Nashville with Will Sayles, a 1,760 square-foot recording facility consisting of three tracking rooms and a control room, as well as a lounge, kitchen, and bathroom. The studio used Pro Tools HD 7, with twenty-four inputs/outputs and API/Neve sidecars. Outboard gear consisted of Telefunken, Altec, Neve, dbx and Ampex equipment.

paragraph: In 2009, Paul moved his studio to the former Platinum Labs facility in Nashville, re-opening it under the name, "The Smoakstack".

paragraph: Paul has produced, engineered, performed on, and written songs that have been featured on TV shows such as "One Tree Hill", "Private Practice", and "Pretty Little Liars".

paragraph: Some of Paul's credits include Mat Kearney, Third Day, The Blind Boys of Alabama, Martha Wainwright, Monroe/Dabbs, Lovedrug, Jennifer Knapp, Matthew Mayfield and Griffin House.

paragraph: On October 19, 2010, multi-platinum recording artists Third Day (Provident/Sony) released their tenth studio album, "Move", which Paul produced. This album debuted at No 9 on the "Billboard" 200 and No. 3 on Billboard's Rock Albums chart, marking Paul’s highest-charting production work to date. As of August 31, 2011, "Move" had sold more than 250,000 physical copies.

paragraph: Paul earned his first GRAMMY nomination at the 54th Annual GRAMMY Awards for his work producing, engineering, and co-mixing Leeland's album, "The Great Awakening", which was released on September 20, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:The Smoakstack.

paragraph: Relocating his studio to the Berry Hill area of Nashville in 2009, Moak re-opened The Smoakstack at the former Platinum Labs facility, a 3,000 square-foot recording facility designed by recording engineer and studio designer Chris Huston. The control room monitoring was designed and tuned by Carl Tatz using his Phantom Focus System.

paragraph: The Smoakstack comprises a live room ( with ceilings), Control Room (), four isolation booths and a piano room.

paragraph: The console used is an SSL 4056G+ with Ultimation and Total Recall, with recording capabilities via Pro Tools 8 HD3 40 Input/56 Output, UAD-2 Quad card with all UAD Plug-ins, MCI JH24 16-track machine, Alesis Masterlink, and Tascam CDR.

paragraph: Section::::Selected discography.

paragraph: Below is a selected discography for Paul Moak. A complete discography is available for download here.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Heroes - "Cold Hard Want" (Gotee Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jennifer Knapp - "Letting Go" (Greylin Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lovedrug - "Wild Blood" (Independent)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mat Kearney - "Nothing Left to Lose" (Sony)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seabird - "Rocks Into Rivers" (EMI CMG); "The Silent Night EP" (EMI CMG)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third Day - "Move" (Provident/Sony)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Relient K - "Collapsible Lung" (Mono vs Stereo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Green River Ordinance - "Fifteen" (Residence Music)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Razor & Tie Songwriter Page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dicogs.com Page

paragraph: BULLET::::- AllMusic.com Page

description: American record producer

wikidata_label: Paul Moak

wikipedia_title: Paul Moak


text:
footballer
defender
Arsenal
Swindon Town
Oxford United
Hibernian
Södertälje FK
Airdrieonians
Raków Częstochowa
Olimpia Grudziądz
Arsenal
Lincoln City
League Cup
Bolton Wanderers
Swindon Town
2011–12 season
Paolo Di Canio
Hereford United
Oxford United
Burton Albion
Chris Wilder
Scottish Premiership
Hibernian
Danny Handling
Ross County
Scottish Championship
Swedish Football Division 1
Södertälje FK
Motala AIF
Airdrieonians
Romania
Liga II
CS Aerostar Bacău
Premier Academy League
2009–10
Daniel Boateng: Arsenal Profile

categories: Scottish Professional Football League players,Oxford United F.C. players,Södertälje FK players,English Football League players,English expatriate sportspeople in Poland,Expatriate footballers in Poland,1992 births,Liga II players,Expatriate footballers in Scotland,I liga players,Arsenal F.C. players,English expatriate footballers,English expatriate sportspeople in Sweden,Hibernian F.C. players,Raków Częstochowa players,English expatriate sportspeople in Romania,Expatriate footballers in Sweden,Airdrieonians F.C. players,CS Aerostar Bacău players,Living people,English people of Ghanaian descent,Association football defenders,English footballers,Olimpia Grudziądz players,People from the London Borough of Enfield,Swindon Town F.C. players

paragraph: Daniel Boateng

paragraph: Daniel Jesse Boateng ( ; born 2 September 1992) is a footballer who plays as a defender. Boateng has previously played for Arsenal, Swindon Town, Oxford United, Hibernian, Södertälje FK, Airdrieonians, Raków Częstochowa and Olimpia Grudziądz. He was born in England and is of Ghanaian descent.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Arsenal.

paragraph: Boateng joined the youth academy of Arsenal in September 2003 and progressed through the ranks On 20 July 2009, he made his reserves debut in a friendly against Lincoln City. He signed a professional contract with Arsenal in July 2010. He made his competitive first team debut for Arsenal in the League Cup against Bolton Wanderers on 25 October 2011.

paragraph: During the 2011–12 season, Boateng was named as captain occasionally for Arsenal's reserve side. At the end of the 2013–14 season, Boateng was released by Arsenal upon expiry of his contract.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Arsenal.:Loan spells.

paragraph: During summer 2011, Boateng was expected to join Swindon Town, but the move broke down. On 21 January 2012, he then did make the move, signing on loan until the end of the 2011–12 season. Boateng said he joined Swindon to play under manager Paolo Di Canio. A month after signing, Boateng made his debut for the club, as Swindon won 2–1 against Hereford United on 21 February 2014. After making two appearances for Swindon, he returned to Arsenal.

paragraph: At the commencement of the 2012–13 season, Boateng joined Oxford United on a six-month loan deal on 28 August 2012. After being on the bench for the first two games, Boateng made his debut for the club, in a 4–0 loss against Burton Albion on 15 September 2012. After only making two appearances for the club, manager Chris Wilder suggested Boateng needed to improve and hinted that he could end his loan spell early to free up funds. In the winter transfer window, Boateng returned to Arsenal.

paragraph: On 31 January 2014, Boateng joined Scottish Premiership club Hibernian on loan. Boateng stated the physicality in Scottish Football was nothing he can't handle. He made his Hibs debut, coming on as a substitute for Danny Handling in the 87th minute in a 2–1 win over Ross County on 15 February 2014. He would make just four appearances for the club and left at the end of the season following their relegation to the Scottish Championship.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Södertälje.

paragraph: On 13 August 2015, Boateng joined Swedish Football Division 1 side Södertälje FK on a contract until the end of the season. On 22 August, he made his league debut, playing the whole match as his side won 3–1 against Motala AIF.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Airdrieonians.

paragraph: Boateng was announced as an Airdrieonians player on a one-year contract on 4 August 2016, after leaving Södertälje FK. Boateng made 24 appearances for the club before being released in May 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Aerostar Bacău.

paragraph: On 20 February 2019, he signed a 6-month contract with Romanian Liga II club CS Aerostar Bacău.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arsenal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Premier Academy League: 2009–10

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daniel Boateng: Arsenal Profile

description: British footballer

wikidata_label: Daniel Boateng

wikipedia_title: Daniel Boateng


text:
Indonesia
2008 Summer Olympics
Beijing
Jennifer Nichols
United States
2012 Olympic Games
Ksenia Perova
2016 Olympics

categories: Archers at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Archers at the 2008 Summer Olympics,Olympic archers of Indonesia,Archers at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Southeast Asian Games bronze medalists for Indonesia,Southeast Asian Games gold medalists for Indonesia,Asian Games competitors for Indonesia,Competitors at the 2007 Southeast Asian Games,Archers at the 2014 Asian Games,Living people,Competitors at the 2013 Southeast Asian Games,Archers at the 2010 Asian Games,1989 births,People from Bojonegoro Regency,Southeast Asian Games medalists in archery,Competitors at the 2009 Southeast Asian Games,Sportspeople from East Java,Indonesian female archers,Competitors at the 2015 Southeast Asian Games

paragraph: Ika Yuliana Rochmawati

paragraph: Ika Yuliana Rochmawati (born 2 July 1989) is an Indonesian archer. She competed in the individual recurve event at the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Olympics with the best result of ninth place in 2012.

paragraph: At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing Rochmawati finished her ranking round with a total of 621 points. This gave her the 41st seed for the final competition bracket in which she faced Jennifer Nichols in the first round. The archer from the United States was too strong and eliminated Rochmawati with a 114-101 score.

paragraph: At the 2012 Olympic Games, Rochmawati finished her ranking round as the 76th seed. She subsequently beat 3rd seed Yuting Fan (China) (6-4) in the 1/32 elimination round and 37th seed Amy Oliver (Great Britain) 7-1 in the 1/16 elimination round. She qualified for the Round of 16 on 1 August 2012, where she lost to Russia's Ksenia Perova. At the 2016 Olympics she was eliminated in the first round.

description: Indonesian archer

wikidata_label: Ika Yuliana Rochmawati

wikipedia_title: Ika Yuliana Rochmawati


text: Den Haag

text: Andreas Schelfhout

text: Normandy

text: Richard Parkes Bonington

text: Eugene Isabey

text: Romantic

text: Turner

text: Amsterdam

text: Belgium

text: King William II

categories: 19th-century Dutch painters,Artists from The Hague,Dutch male painters,1813 births,1839 deaths,Dutch romantic painters,Painters of ruins,Dutch landscape painters

paragraph: Wijnand Nuijen

paragraph: Wijnand Jan Josephus Nuijen (4 March 1813 – 2 June 1839) was a Dutch painter and printmaker who specialised in landscapes, and was greatly influenced by the French Romantics.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Den Haag to a baker father who recognised his son's talent, Nuijen was apprenticed at age twelve to Andreas Schelfhout, a local artist. Between 1825 and 1829 he studied at the Den Haag Tekenacademie, under Bartholomeus Johannes van Hove. In his short lifespan Nuijen became a prolific painter of rural and marine landscapes, spending much time on the Normandy and northern French coasts. Here he fell under the spell of painters who were working in France, such as Richard Parkes Bonington (1802–1828) and Eugene Isabey (1803–1886), both of whom painted picturesque villages, Normandy harbours and seascapes, with a spontaneity Nuijen admired and adopted. His preoccupation with ruins is typically Romantic and his use of colour and texture is reminiscent of the watercolours of Turner.

paragraph: The "Felix Meritis" society of Amsterdam awarded him a medal in 1829 for his watercolour of a forest landscape. On completion of his tuition he travelled to Belgium, France and Germany, at times with his painting companion Antonie Waldorp [1803–1866]. Nuijen became a member of the Koninklijke Akademie in Amsterdam in 1836, and just before his death he married the daughter of Schelfhout, his former tutor. Nuijen died in Den Haag on 2 June 1839.

paragraph: Nuijen was unusual among Dutch painters of the period, his theatricality and liberal style contrasting with the near photographic depiction that was then the norm. King William II greatly admired Nuijen's work, and when he bought the ""Shipwreck"" in 1843 he already owned five other Nuijen paintings.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- free images of paintings and prints of W. Nuijen, website Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

paragraph: BULLET::::- biographical facts and dates of W. Nuijen, in the Dutch R.K.D. Archive, The Hague

alias:
W. J. J. Nuyen
Wijnandus Johannes Josephus Nuijen
Wijnand Jan Joseph Nuyen
Wijnandus Johannes Josephus Nuyen
Wijnand Nuyen
Nuÿen
Wynand J. J. Nuijen
Wynand Jan Jos Nuijen
Wynand Jan Joseph Nuyen
Wynand Jan Joseph Nuijen

description: Dutch painter

enwikiquote_title: Wijnand Nuijen

wikidata_label: Wijnand Nuijen

wikipedia_title: Wijnand Nuijen


text: Cuba

text: baseball

text: outfielder

text: Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks

text: Nippon Professional Baseball

text: Chiba Lotte Marines

text: Nippon Professional Baseball

text: Granma's

text: Cuban National Series

text: Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks

text: 2007 World Port Tournament

text: 2007 Baseball World Cup

text: 2008 Summer Olympics

text: 2009 World Baseball Classic

text: 2010 Intercontinental Cup

text: 2011 Pan American Games

text: Chinese Taipei

text: Japan

text: 2013 World Baseball Classic

text: 2015 Pan American Games

text: 2015 WBSC Premier12

text: 2017 World Baseball Classic

text: Cuban team

text: silver medal

text: gold medal

categories: Olympic baseball players of Cuba,Baseball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics,Avispas de Santiago de Cuba players,Olympic silver medalists for Cuba,Baseball players at the 2015 Pan American Games,Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks players,Chiba Lotte Marines players,Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics,1986 births,Pan American Games bronze medalists for Cuba,Nippon Professional Baseball designated hitters,Piratas de Campeche players,Alazanes de Granma players,2009 World Baseball Classic players,Vequeros de Pinar del Rio players,Nippon Professional Baseball left fielders,2015 WBSC Premier12 players,Cuban expatriate baseball players in Japan,Caribbean Series players,Living people,Sportspeople from Santiago de Cuba,Competitors at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games,Pan American Games medalists in baseball,2013 World Baseball Classic players,Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Cuba,Olympic medalists in baseball,Baseball players at the 2011 Pan American Games

paragraph: Alfredo Despaigne

paragraph: Alfredo Despaigne Rodriguez (born June 17, 1986) is a Cuban professional baseball outfielder for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of Nippon Professional Baseball.

paragraph: In Cuba, he is known as "El Inmenso Despaigne" (the Immense Despaigne) and "El Caballo de los Caballos" (The Stallion of the Stallions).

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 2009, Despaigne had one of the most dominating seasons in Cuban baseball history, breaking the Cuban Home Run record while hitting .373 with 97 RBIs. Following the season, he was named MVP of the National Series. Despaigne was again excellent in 2010, ranking among the best hitters in various statistical categories. In 2012, he set a new Cuban league regular-season home run record, with 35.

paragraph: On July 15, 2014, he signed with the Chiba Lotte Marines of the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). Despaigne appeared in 45 games, hitting .311, with 12 home runs and 33 runs batted in. After the season, on December 8, the Marines signed him to a two-year contract.

paragraph: On December 20, 2016, it was announced that team did not make a contract and next day he became free agent in NPB.

paragraph: In 2017, Despaigne played a key role in Granma's win of the Cuban National Series.

paragraph: On February 11, 2017, he signed with Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of the NPB.

paragraph: In 2018, he was selected .

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Despaigne posted an impressive season in 2007, afterwards earning a key role on Cuba's National Team. He was selected the , 2007 World Port Tournament, 2007 Baseball World Cup, 2008 Summer Olympics, 2009 World Baseball Classic, 2010 World University Baseball Championship, 2010 Intercontinental Cup, 2011 Pan American Games, 2012 exhibition games against Chinese Taipei and CPBL All-Stars, 2012 exhibition games against Japan, 2013 World Baseball Classic, 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games, 2015 Pan American Games, 2015 WBSC Premier12 and 2017 World Baseball Classic.

paragraph: He was named the Best Hitter at the 2007 World Port Tournament, and was also a part of the Cuban team which won a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

paragraph: Despaigne won with his national team the gold medal of the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games in Veracruz, Mexico.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::-

description: Cuban baseball player

wikidata_label: Alfredo Despaigne

wikipedia_title: Alfredo Despaigne