text: c.

text: witchcraft

text: Salem witch trials

text: Norwich

text: Thomas Oliver

text: Edward Bishop

text: Abigail Williams

text: Ann Putnam, Jr.

text: Mercy Lewis

text: Mary Walcott

text: Elizabeth Hubbard

text: Cotton Mather

text: Deliverance Hobbs

text: third nipple

text: hanged

categories: Kingdom of England emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies,People executed by the Province of Massachusetts Bay,American people executed for witchcraft,People executed by the Thirteen Colonies by hanging,17th-century executions of American people,1630s births,People executed by Massachusetts by hanging,1692 deaths,Executed English people,People of the Salem witch trials,17th-century executions by England,Executed English women

paragraph: Bridget Bishop

paragraph: Bridget Bishop (c. 1632 – 10 June 1692) was the first person executed for witchcraft during the Salem witch trials in 1692. Altogether, about 200 people were tried, and 18 others were executed (19 total: 14 women and 5 men).

paragraph: Section::::Recent historical interpretation.

paragraph: One interpretation of the historical record suggests that she was a resident of Salem Town and thus not the tavern owner. Perhaps she did not know her accusers. This would be supported in her deposition in Salem Village before the authorities stating, "I never saw these persons before, nor I never was in this place before." The indictments against her clearly note that she was from "Salem" which meant Salem Town, as other indictments against residents of Salem Village specified their locations as such.

paragraph: She was often confused with Sarah Bishop, one of the other accused during the Salem trial.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Bridget's maiden name appears to have been Mangus or Playfer. She was married three or an undocumented four times. She married her first husband Captain Samuel Wesselby on 13 April 1660, at St. Mary-in-the-Marsh, Norwich, Norfolk, England.

paragraph: She had only one son and one daughter from her first marriage, Benjamin and Mary. She had another daughter from her marriage to Thomas Oliver, Christian Oliver (sometimes spelled Chrestian), born 8 May 1667.

paragraph: Her second marriage, on 26 July 1666, was to Thomas Oliver, a widower and prominent businessman. She was earlier accused of bewitching Thomas Oliver to death, but was acquitted for lack of evidence. Her last marriage c. 1687 was to Edward Bishop, a prosperous sawyer, whose family lived in Beverly.

paragraph: Section::::Nature of allegations.

paragraph: Bishop was accused of bewitching five young women, Abigail Williams, Ann Putnam, Jr., Mercy Lewis, Mary Walcott, and Elizabeth Hubbard, on the date of her examination by the authorities, 19 April 1692.

paragraph: A record was given of her trial by Cotton Mather in "The Wonders of the Invisible World." In his book, Mather recorded that several people testified against Bishop, stating that the shape of Bishop would pinch, choke or bite them. The shape also threatened to drown one victim if she did not write her name in a certain book. During the trial, anytime Bishop would look upon one of those supposed to be tortured by her, they would be immediately struck down and only her touch would revive them. More allegations were made during the trial including that of a woman saying that the apparition of Bishop tore her coat, upon further examination her coat was found to be torn in the exact spot. Mather mentions that the truth of these many accusations carried too much suspicion, however.

paragraph: William Stacy, a middle aged man in Salem Town, testified that Bishop had previously made statements to him that other people in the town considered her to be a witch. He confronted her with the allegation that she was using witchcraft to torment him, which she denied. Another local man, Samuel Shattuck, accused Bishop of bewitching his child and also of striking his son with a spade. He also testified that Bishop asked him to dye lace, which apparently was too small to be used on anything but a poppet (doll used in spell-casting). John and William Bly, father and son, testified about finding poppets in Bishop's house and also about their cat that appeared to be bewitched, or poisoned, after a dispute with Bishop. Other victims of Bishop, as recorded by Mather, include Deliverance Hobbs, John Cook, Samuel Gray, Richard Coman, and John Louder.

paragraph: During her sentencing, a jury of women found a third nipple upon Bishop (then considered a sure sign of witchcraft), yet upon a second examination the nipple was not found. In the end Mather states that the biggest thing that condemned Bishop was the gross amount of lying she committed in court. According to Mather, "there was little occasion to prove the witchcraft, it being evident and notorious to all beholders." Bishop was sentenced to death and hanged.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Salem Witchcraft Papers on Bridget Bishop

description: Woman executed for witchcraft during Salem witch trials

wikidata_label: Bridget Bishop

wikipedia_title: Bridget Bishop


text: CM

text: Métis

text: Fort McMurray

text: Alberta

text: Spirit Bay

text: Dances with Wolves

text: Black Robe

text: Legends of the Fall

text: Smoke Signals

text: Hold the Dark

text: North of 60

text: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

text: By Way of the Stars

text: Gordon Tootoosis

text: Eric Schweig

text: Order of Canada

text: Margot Kidder

text: Keystone Pipeline

text: William Shakespeare

text: King Lear

text: National Arts Centre

text: Ottawa

text: August Schellenberg

text: Billy Merasty

text: Jani Lauzon

text: Craig Lauzon

text: Earle Grey Award

text: The Grizzlies

text: Nunavut

text: Kugluktuk

text: Notable Aboriginal people of Canada

text: Canadian Film Encyclopedia

categories: First Nations actresses,Canadian Métis people,Canadian stage actresses,Canadian television actresses,20th-century Canadian actresses,21st-century First Nations people,1950 births,Canadian film actresses,Cree people,Native American actresses,21st-century Canadian actresses,People from Fort McMurray,Members of the Order of Canada,Actresses from Alberta,20th-century First Nations people,Living people

paragraph: Tantoo Cardinal

paragraph: Tantoo Cardinal, CM (born July 20, 1950) is a Canadian film and television actress.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Cardinal is of Métis descent. Cardinal was born in Fort McMurray, Alberta. Her mother, Julia Cardinal, was of Metis descent.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: She has played roles in many notable films and television series, including "Spirit Bay", "Dances with Wolves", "Black Robe", "Legends of the Fall", "Smoke Signals", "Hold the Dark" and "North of 60". She was cast in the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation mini-series "By Way of the Stars" with Gordon Tootoosis as The Cree Chief and Eric Schweig as Black Thunder.

paragraph: In 2009, she was made a Member of the Order of Canada "for her contributions to the growth and development of Aboriginal performing arts in Canada, as a screen and stage actress, and as a founding member of the Saskatchewan Native Theatre Company".

paragraph: On August 23, 2011, Cardinal, Margot Kidder, and dozens of others were arrested while protesting the proposed extension of the Keystone Pipeline.

paragraph: In 2012, she performed the role of Regan in an all-aboriginal production of William Shakespeare's "King Lear" at the National Arts Centre in Ottawa, alongside a cast that also included August Schellenberg as Lear, Billy Merasty as Gloucester, Jani Lauzon in a dual role as Cordelia and the Fool, and Craig Lauzon as Kent.

paragraph: In 2017, she was named the winner of the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television's Earle Grey Award for lifetime achievement.

paragraph: In the 2018 film "The Grizzlies", she plays a high school principal who is skeptical a first-time teacher can address social issues in the northwestern Nunavut  community of Kugluktuk.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notable Aboriginal people of Canada

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canadian Film Encyclopedia [A publication of The Film Reference Library/a division of the Toronto International Film Festival Group]

description: Canadian actress

wikidata_label: Tantoo Cardinal

wikipedia_title: Tantoo Cardinal


text: artists' model

text: muse

text: Soho

text: Lucian Freud

text: Francis Bacon

text: Maggi Hambling

text: Norman Bowler

text: Dom Moraes

text: Simla

text: India

text: Indian Air Force

text: Colony Room

text: Soho

text: John Deakin

text: Ernst Beyeler

text: bodybuilder

text: Norman Bowler

text: Colin Tennant, 3rd Baron Glenconner

text: Dom Moraes

text: hedonistic

text: John Minton

text: amphetamine psychosis

text: Holloway Prison

text: Regent's Park

text: Marianne Faithfull

text: Mountrath

text: County Laois

text: Irish Georgian Society

text: Eric Burdon

text: Darkness Darkness

text: Caroline Blackwood

text: Hamish Hamilton

text: Francis Wyndham

text: twelve-step program

text: Maggi Hambling

text: dachshund

text: Brompton Cemetery

text: Sir Mark Palmer

text: David Mlinaric

text: Penny Guinness

text: Christopher Gibbs

text: Alexandra Pringle

text: Christie's

text: Museum of Modern Art

categories: Women memoirists,Writers about London,English women writers,English socialites,1999 deaths,20th-century British women writers,1931 births,Burglars,Burials at Brompton Cemetery,Writers from London,English artists' models,English writers

paragraph: Henrietta Moraes

paragraph: Henrietta Moraes, born Audrey Wendy Abbott, (22 May 1931 – 6 January 1999) was a British artists' model and memoirist. During the 1950s and 1960s, she was the muse and inspiration for many artists of the Soho subculture, including Lucian Freud, Francis Bacon, and (much later) Maggi Hambling, and also known for her three marriages and numerous love affairs. She left her first husband, Michael Law, and married actor Norman Bowler, with whom she had two children. She later married the Indian writer Dom Moraes.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and modelling in the 1950s.

paragraph: She was born Audrey Wendy Abbott in Simla, India, where her father was stationed in the Indian Air Force. Her father deserted her mother when Audrey was young, and she was raised harshly by a tyrannical, abusive grandmother in England. Later she went to secretarial college.

paragraph: By 1950, when she was nineteen years old, Moraes was working as an artists' model in several London art schools. A denizen of the Colony Room, Soho, she became the muse to a number of important British artists in the early 1950s through the mid-1960s.

paragraph: Francis Bacon, who was particularly enthralled by her mercurial character, painted her at least sixteen times from photographs specifically commissioned by him from John Deakin: in May 2002, Bacon's "Study for Portrait of Henrietta Moraes" was sold by Ernst Beyeler for $6.7 million, and in February 2012 Bacon's 1963 "Portrait of Henrietta Moraes" sold for £21.3 million. Lucian Freud, with whom she had an affair, painted Moraes at least three times, including a celebrated 1953 portrait entitled "Girl in a Blanket".

paragraph: In 1950, she met her first husband, film-maker Michael Law, who bestowed the name Henrietta on her. They set up home in an attic in Dean Street. Her second husband was bodybuilder and actor Norman Bowler. They had two children, Joshua (b. 1955) and Caroline, although Joshua was later revealed to be the biological son of Colin Tennant, 3rd Baron Glenconner. This marriage ended in 1956. Later in 1956, she met the 18-year-old Indian poet Dom Moraes. They married in 1961 but were amicably divorced by the mid-1960s.

paragraph: Section::::Into the hippy and drug scene in the 1960s.

paragraph: Moraes was notoriously free-spirited and led a generally hedonistic lifestyle. In the early 1960s, Moraes began to take drugs in addition to her large intake of alcohol. After her death, Tim Hilton guessed from odd remarks that this was the result of sitting through the Eichmann trial in Jerusalem in 1961 together with her journalist husband Dom Moraes, who had been sent there by "The Times of India." During the 1960s Moraes, left the art world and hit the hippy scene. She reportedly consumed every drug except heroin, and lost the Chelsea house that John Minton had left to her after his death in 1957 in the process.

paragraph: In the 1960s, she was also an unsuccessful cat burglar hampered by amphetamine psychosis, leading to time in Holloway Prison. As if anticipating her decline, Bacon famously painted her with a syringe a decade before she became a self-confessed "junkie".

paragraph: Section::::Back in London in the 1970s, and in Ireland in the 1980s.

paragraph: In the mid-1970s, Moraes shared a mews flat in Hanover Terrace, Regent's Park, London, with singer and actress Marianne Faithfull, an episode in both their lives that forms a key chapter in Faithfull's "Memories Dreams & Reflections", published in October 2007. In the late 1970s and early 1980s Moraes was caretaker of Roundwood House, near Mountrath, County Laois, Ireland, which was being restored by the Irish Georgian Society. Many friends visited, and her friend Eric Burdon recorded "Darkness Darkness" there. Guinness heiress Caroline Blackwood discreetly paid school fees for Moraes's two children during her most untethered years, although Henrietta was not told about it.

paragraph: Section::::The last years: a sober life and her memoirs "Henrietta".

paragraph: She spent her final years in London. She started to write about her life in the book "Henrietta", published by Hamish Hamilton in 1994, and was working on a follow-up at the time of her death. This volume of short stories and memoirs was written with the encouragement of her friend, the writer Francis Wyndham. She also attended a twelve-step program to learn how to live without alcohol and drugs. She was diagnosed with diabetes soon after becoming a keen gardener in West London. In her last year of life she was in a relationship with artist Maggi Hambling, who produced a posthumous volume of charcoal portraits of her.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Moraes died in London in 1999 at the age of 67 in her bed while on the phone to her doctor, bequeathing her long-haired dachshund dog Max to Hambling. She left only a handful of possessions and a large pile of unpaid bills.

paragraph: She is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London. Her coffin was hand-made by her friend Sir Mark Palmer. Other guests included Palmer's wife Catherine Tennant, the designer David Mlinaric and his wife Martha, Penny Guinness, the antiques dealer Christopher Gibbs, and her literary agent, Alexandra Pringle. She had spent time with Palmer in the early 1970s in his "cavalcade of horse-drawn caravans" as part of an aristocratic early group of New Age travellers.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In February 2012, Bacon's 1963 "Portrait of Henrietta Moraes", which features Moraes naked and sprawled on a bed, sold for £21.3 million at Christie's in London.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Modern Art: "Three Studies for the Portrait of Henrietta Moraes", Francis Bacon, 1963

paragraph: BULLET::::- RTE Radio One Documentary on One – Oiled: A Portrait of Henrietta

description: British artists' model

wikidata_label: Henrietta Moraes

wikipedia_title: Henrietta Moraes


text:
motorcycle racer
motorcycle land-speed record
wheel-driven land speed record
American Motorcyclist Association
United States motorcycle Grand Prix
streamliner
Big Red
Silver Bird
turbo
Lightning Bolt
wheel-driven land speed record
turboshaft
Vincent
Lambky Liner
El Mirage Dry Lake
Craig Vetter Fuel Economy Challenge
Motorcyclist
aftermarket
motorcycle accessories
motorcycle fairing
Motorcycle Hall of Fame
Motorsports Hall of Fame of America
Barber Vintage Motorsports Museum
drop tank
Yamaha XS650
National Motorcycle Museum
Iowa
San Diego Automotive Museum

categories: Bonneville 300 MPH Club members,2002 deaths,Deaths from prostate cancer,Sportspeople from San Diego,Motorcycle land speed record people,American motorcycle racers,Don Vesco,1939 births,American motorcycle designers

paragraph: Don Vesco

paragraph: Don Vesco (April 8, 1939 – December 16, 2002) was an American businessperson, motorcycle racer, and multiple motorcycle land-speed record and wheel-driven land speed record holder. He set 18 motorcycle and 6 automobile speed records during his life.

paragraph: His accomplishments recognized by the American Motorcyclist Association include winning the United States motorcycle Grand Prix 500 cc class in 1963, operating a California motorcycle dealership that sponsored up to 60 racers at a time, and setting a number of motorcycle and automobile land speed records.

paragraph: Section::::Speed records.

paragraph: His motorcycle land speed records were set in 1970 at in a twin-engined streamliner "Big Red", becoming the first person to ride faster than 250 mph; in 1975, when he pushed past the milestone for the first time with "Silver Bird"; and in 1978 at in a twin-turbo powered streamliner "Lightning Bolt", a record that stood for 12 years.

paragraph: In 2001, just a year before he died of prostate cancer, he set the FIA wheel-driven land speed record of in a turboshaft powered streamliner called "Turbinator".

paragraph: Section::::Other designs.

paragraph: In addition to his own land speed record vehicles, Vesco had a consulting role in other streamlined vehicles. One was Max Lambky's Vincent-engined Lambky Liner streamliner. Another was the "Project 200" streamliner designed by his business partner, Matt Guzzetta, and speed tested by Vesco at El Mirage Dry Lake. Project 200 both competed in the Craig Vetter Fuel Economy Challenge, and in 1983, performed an American coast-to-coast transit without refueling, sponsored by "Motorcyclist" magazine.

paragraph: Vesco also designed aftermarket motorcycle accessories including extended range gas tanks for offroad motorcycles sold through Don Vesco Products, which also had a line of motorcycle fairings called "Rabid Transit" designed by Guzzetta.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: Vesco was inducted to the Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 1999, and posthumously inducted to the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2004.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.:Collections.

paragraph: Vesco's "Big Red" #11 streamliner is part of the Barber Vintage Motorsports Museum collection. His #14 streamliner, with a fiberglass body molded around a 22-inch aircraft drop tank, powered by twin supercharged Yamaha XS650 SOHC engines, is on display at the National Motorcycle Museum in Iowa. The "Project 200" fuel efficiency contest streamliner was on display at the San Diego Automotive Museum as of 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Notes and references.

paragraph: Section::::Notes and references.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Speed records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Other projects

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Rabid Transit fairing)

description: American motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Don Vesco

wikipedia_title: Don Vesco


text:
Latin
Roman Republic
Populares
father
Cornelia Africana
Scipio Africanus
plebeian tribune
Republic
agrarian legislation
"nobile"
Roman Senate
Optimates
Gaius Gracchus
gens Sempronia
Scipio Africanus
Aemilia Paulla
Lucius Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus
Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus
Gaius Gracchus
Appius Claudius Pulcher
Third Punic War
military tribune
brother in law
quaestor
Gaius Hostilius Mancinus
Numantia
province
Numantine War
peace treaty
Legate
legionaries
upper class
Plutarch
legions
military power
tribune of the people
ager publicus
public land
jugera
hectare
latifundia
Licinian Laws
Pontifex Maximus
Publius Mucius Scaevola
Appius Claudius
military strength
Concilium Plebis
veto
Marcus Octavius
city of Rome
Attalus III
Pergamon
Quintus Pompeius
Tarquins
Roman citizenship
Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica
Tiber
Gaius
François-Noël Babeuf
Gracchus Babeuf
Appian
Gracchus Reforms
Scipio–Paullus–Gracchus family tree
Gaius Blossius
Plutarch
Penguin Classics
The Gracchus Brothers Legacy

categories: Characters in Book VI of the Aeneid,Land reform,Public orators,160s BC births,2nd-century BC Romans,Sempronii,Assassinated Roman politicians,130s BC deaths,Roman tribunes of the plebs,Populist leaders,Social reformers

paragraph: Tiberius Gracchus

paragraph: Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus (Latin: ; born c. 169–164 – 133 BC) was a politician of the Roman Republic, and the first prominent member of the "Populares", a reformist faction. He belonged to the highest aristocracy, as his father was consul and his mother, Cornelia Africana, was the daughter of Scipio Africanus. As a plebeian tribune, Tiberius Gracchus caused political turmoil in the Republic with his reforms of agrarian legislation that sought to transfer land from wealthy, predominantly "nobile" landowners to poorer citizens. He was murdered, along with many of his supporters, by members of the Roman Senate and supporters of the conservative "Optimates" faction. A decade later, his younger brother, Gaius Gracchus, attempted similar legislation, and suffered a similar fate.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Tiberius was born between 169 and 164 BC (his birth-date cannot be confirmed);

paragraph: His family, the Gracchi branch of the gens Sempronia, was one of the most politically connected in Rome. Tiberius' maternal grandparents were Scipio Africanus and Aemilia Paulla, Lucius Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus' sister, and his own sister Sempronia was the wife of Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus, another important general and politician. Tiberius was raised by his mother, with his sister and his brother Gaius Gracchus. Later he married Claudia Pulchra, daughter of Appius Claudius Pulcher.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Tiberius' military career started in the Third Punic War, as military tribune appointed to the staff of his brother in law, Scipio Aemilianus. During his tenure as military tribune under Aemilianus, Tiberius became known for his bravery and discipline, recorded as the first to scale the enemy walls of Carthage during the Roman siege in 146 BC. In 137 BC he was appointed quaestor to consul Gaius Hostilius Mancinus and served his term in Numantia (Hispania province). The campaign was part of the Numantine War and was unsuccessful; Mancinus's army suffered major defeats and Mancinus himself had tried disgracefully to withdraw at night and caused his rearguard to be cut to pieces and the Roman camp looted.

paragraph: Tiberius, as quaestor, saved the army from destruction by signing a peace treaty with the Numantines, an action generally reserved for a Legate. In the negotiations, Tiberius recalled the exploits of his father Tiberius, who had also waged war in Spain but had struck a peace agreement with the Numantines. The Numantines so respected Tiberius that when they learned he had lost his ledgers when they had despoiled the Roman camp, they invited him back to their city, offering him a banquet and allowing Tiberius to take back not only his ledgers but anything else he wanted from the spoils. Tiberius, however, refused to take anything else save some incense used for sacrificial rituals.

paragraph: Tiberius' actions stirred up a frenzy in Rome; his opponents argued that Tiberius' negotiation made Rome appear weak and the losers of the war, while his proponents maintained that the general Mancinus was several times defeated and had tried to ignobly retreat and Tiberius' actions saved the lives of many citizen-soldiers.

paragraph: The people voted to have Mancinus sent back to the Numantines in chains, a proposition Mancinus himself accepted, though later the Numantines refused to accept him as a prisoner. Scipio Aemilianus played a significant role in supporting Tiberius and his officers, but failed to prevent further punishment meted out to Mancinus nor did he support the ratification of Tiberius' treaty. Despite this, Plutarch mentions that this caused little friction between the two men, and even posits that Tiberius would have never fallen victim to assassination had Scipio not been away campaigning against the very same Numantines, given the amount of political clout that Scipio wielded in Rome.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Rome's internal political situation was not peaceful. In the last hundred years, there had been several wars. Since legionaries were required to serve in a complete campaign, no matter how long it was, soldiers often left their farms in the hands of wives and children. Small farms in this situation often went bankrupt and were bought up by the wealthy upper class, forming huge private estates.

paragraph: Furthermore, some lands ended up being taken by the state in war, both in Italy and elsewhere. After the war was over, much of this conquered land would then be sold to or rented to various members of the populace. Much of this land was given to only a few farmers who then had large amounts of land that were more profitable than the smaller farms. The farmers with large farms had their land worked by slaves and did not do the work themselves, unlike landowners with smaller farms.

paragraph: According to Plutarch, "when Tiberius on his way to Numantia passed through Etruria and found the country almost depopulated and its husbandmen and shepherds imported barbarian slaves, he first conceived the policy which was to be the source of countless ills to himself and to his brother."

paragraph: When the soldiers returned from the legions, they had nowhere to go, so they went to Rome to join the thousands of unemployed who roamed the city. As only men who owned property were allowed to enrol in the army, the number of men eligible for army duty was therefore shrinking; and hence the military power of Rome. Plutarch noted, "Then the poor, who had been ejected from their land, no longer showed themselves eager for military service, and neglected the bringing up of children, so that soon all Italy was conscious of a dearth of freemen, and was filled with gangs of foreign slaves, by whose aid the rich cultivated their estates, from which they had driven away the free citizens."

paragraph: In 133 BC Tiberius was elected tribune of the people. Soon he started to legislate on the matter of the homeless legionaries. Speaking before a crowd at the Rostra, Tiberius said, "The wild beasts that roam over Italy have their dens, each has a place of repose and refuge. But the men who fight and die for Italy enjoy nothing but the air and light; without house or home they wander about with their wives and children."

paragraph: Section::::Lex Sempronia Agraria.

paragraph: Seeking to improve the lot of the poor, Tiberius Gracchus proposed a law known as the Lex Sempronia Agraria. The law would reorganize control of the ager publicus, or public land, meaning land conquered in previous wars that was controlled by the state. Previous agrarian law specified that no citizen would be allowed to possess more than 500 jugera (that is, approximately 125 hectares) of the ager publicus and any land that they occupied above this limit would be confiscated by the state. However, this law was largely ignored and rich landowners continued to acquire land through fictitious tenants initially before transferring the land directly to themselves. They then began to work it with slave labour, giving rise to latifundia, alienating and impoverishing free Roman citizens.

paragraph: The 500 jugera limit was a reiteration of previous land laws, such as the Licinian Laws passed in 367 BC, which had been enacted but never enforced. As it stood in Tiberius Gracchus's time, a good deal of this land was held in farms far in excess of 500 iugera by large landholders who had settled or rented the property in much earlier time periods, even several generations back. Sometimes it had been leased, rented, or resold to other holders after the initial sale or rental.

paragraph: Tiberius saw that reform was needed. He met with three prominent leaders: Crassus, the Pontifex Maximus, the consul and jurist Publius Mucius Scaevola, and Appius Claudius, his father-in-law. Together, the men formulated a law which would have fined those who held more than their allotted land and would require them to forfeit illegal possessions to the ager publicus, for which they would be compensated. The people simply wanted assurances of future protection, but the senatorial elites opposed the law, claiming Tiberius was seeking a redistribution of wealth, thereby shaking the foundations of the Republic and inciting social revolution. He proposed his law in 134 BC, and to mollify these landowners, they would be allowed to own their land rent-free, and would be entitled to 250 jugera per son above the legal limit. They would also be paid for the land they had to forfeit.

paragraph: Furthermore, Tiberius Gracchus called for the redistribution of the re-confiscated public land to the poor and homeless in Rome, giving them plots of 30 iugera upon which to support themselves and their families, not to mention that the redistributed wealth would make them eligible for taxation and military service. Thus the law sought to solve the twin problems of increasing the number of men eligible for military service (thereby boosting Rome's military strength) and also providing for homeless war veterans.

paragraph: The Senate and its conservative elements were strongly against the Sempronian agrarian reforms. Because Tiberius clearly knew the Senate wouldn’t approve his reforms, he sidestepped the Senate altogether by going straight to the Concilium Plebis (the Plebeian Assembly) which supported his measures. This measure, together with the unprecedented removal of the Tribune Marcus Octavius, who had vetoed the measure, insulted the Senate and alienated Senators who otherwise might have shown support.

paragraph: However, any tribune could veto a proposal, preventing it from being laid before the Assembly. In an effort to stop Tiberius, the Senate persuaded Marcus Octavius, another tribune, to use his veto to prevent the submission of the bills to the Assembly. Gracchus then moved that Octavius should be immediately deposed, arguing that Octavius as a tribune acted contrary to the wishes of his constituents. Octavius, Tiberius reasoned, violated a basic tenet of the office of the tribune, which was to ensure the protection of the people from any political or economic oppression by the Senate. Octavius remained resolute. The people began to vote to depose Octavius, but he vetoed their actions as was his legal right as tribune. Tiberius, consigning himself to the worst situation, had him forcibly removed from the meeting place of the Assembly and proceeded with the vote to depose him.

paragraph: These actions violated Octavius' right of sacrosanctity and worried Tiberius' supporters, and so instead of moving to depose him, Tiberius commenced to use his veto on daily ceremonial rites in which Tribunes were asked if they would allow for key public buildings, for example the markets and the temples, to be opened. In this way he effectively shut down the entire city of Rome, including all businesses, trade and production, until the Senate and the Assembly passed the laws. The Assembly, fearing for Tiberius's safety, formed a guard around Tiberius and frequently escorted him home.

paragraph: Tiberius justified the expulsion of Octavius by stating that a tribune was

paragraph: sacred and inviolable, because he was consecrated to the people and was a champion of the people... If, then he should change about, wrong the people, maim its power, and rob it of the privilege of voting, he has by his own acts deprived himself of his honourable office by not fulfilling the conditions on which he received it; for otherwise there would be no interference with a tribune even though he should try to demolish the Capitol or set fire to the naval arsenal. If a tribune does these things, he is a bad tribune; but if he annuls the power of the people, he is no tribune at all... And surely, if it is right for him to be made tribune by a majority of the votes of the tribes, it must be even more right for him to be deprived of his tribuneship by a unanimous vote.

paragraph: Appian presents a slightly different version of events. Tiberius Gracchus only moved to have Marcus Octavius removed from office after a vote was put to the Assembly. In Appian's version, after 17 of the 35 tribes voted in favor of Tiberius, Tiberius implored Octavius to step aside lest he be deprived of his office. When Octavius refused, the 18th tribe voted in favor of Tiberius, giving him the majority and the resolution, which included both his land law and the abrogation of Octavius' office. It was only after this, according to Appian, that Octavius slinked away unnoticed and was replaced as tribune by Quintus Memmius. This version effectively mitigates the accusation that Tiberius ever laid hands on an inviolate person such as Octavius, instead showing that Tiberius won his support with full legality.

paragraph: Having passed his law, Tiberius was lauded as a founding hero not just of a single city or race, but as the founding hero of all the Italians, who had come to endure immense poverty and deprivation, denied of their rightful land because of their military service and having lost work because of the influx of slaves, who were loyal to no man while citizens were loyal to the state. In Appian's account, Tiberius Gracchus is seen as a popular hero, and there is no account given of Tiberius' justification for deposing Octavius.

paragraph: The Senate gave trivial funds to the agrarian commission that had been appointed to execute Tiberius' laws. This commission was composed entirely of members of Tiberius' family, including Appius Claudius, his father-in-law, Tiberius and his brother Gaius. This, of course, did little to soothe the bitterness between the Gracchi and the Senate, and the Senate and conservatives took every opportunity to hamper, delay and slander Tiberius. However, late in 133 BC, king Attalus III of Pergamon died and left his entire fortune (including the whole kingdom of Pergamon) to Rome. Tiberius saw his chance and immediately used his tribunician powers to allocate the fortune to fund the new law. This was a direct attack on Senatorial power, since the Senate was traditionally responsible for the management of the treasury and for decisions regarding overseas affairs. The opposition of the Senate to Tiberius Gracchus' policies increased. Quintus Pompeius addressed the Senate and said that he "was a neighbour of Tiberius, and therefore knew that Eudemus of Pergamon had presented Tiberius with a royal diadem and a purple robe, believing that he was going to be king in Rome." Pompeius's fears were reflective of a growing number of senators who were afraid that Tiberius was claiming too much power for himself. They feared that Tiberius was seeking to become King of Rome, a loathed office which had been dismantled with the ousting of the Tarquins and the establishment of the Republic. Such fears tipped the Senate from hatred and paranoia into committing the first outright bloodshed in Republican politics.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Tiberius Gracchus' overruling of the tribunician veto was considered illegal, and his opponents were determined to prosecute him at the end of his one-year term, since he was regarded as having violated the constitution and having used force against a tribune. In one stand-off between Tiberius and Titus Annius, a renowned orator, Annius argued that if a colleague of Tiberius stood to defend him and Tiberius disapproved, he would simply in a passion physically remove the man. Tiberius realized that his actions against Octavius had won him ill repute among the Senate and even among the People.

paragraph: After the death of a friend of Tiberius, rumours circulated that the man had been poisoned. Seizing the opportunity to win sympathy with the People, Tiberius dressed in mourning clothes and paraded his children in front of the Assembly, pleading for the protection of him and his kin. He sought to repair the perception of his error against Octavius by arguing that the office of the tribune, a sacrosanct position, could be acted upon if the holder violated his oath. To support this he posited that other sacrosanct office holders were seized when they violated their duties, such as Vestal Virgins or the Roman kings, done so the state would benefit from their removal. To protect himself further, Tiberius Gracchus stood for re-election to the tribunate for 132 BC, promising to shorten the term of military service, abolish the exclusive right of senators to act as jurors and include other social classes, and admit allies to Roman citizenship, all moves popular with the Assembly. Tiberius continued to plead with the People, lamenting that he feared for his safety and that of his family, and moved them so much that many camped outside his house to ensure his protection.

paragraph: When the People assembled on the Capitol, Tiberius set out, despite many inauspicious omens. While the tribes were being assembled, a skirmish broke out on the outskirts of the crowd as Tiberius' supporters were attempting to block a group of his opponents from entering into the area to mingle about. A sympathetic senator, Fulvius Flaccus, was able to make his way to Tiberius to warn him that the Senate was seated and plotting to kill him, having armed slaves and their men since they could not convince the consul to do the deed. Tiberius' men then armed themselves with clubs and staves, prepared to meet any violence in kind. Tiberius, trying to shout above the din, gestured to his head to signal his life was in danger, but his opponents took this as a sign requesting for a crown and ran back to the Senate to report the signal.

paragraph: When the Senate heard this, outrage spread among them. Tiberius' cousin, Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica, the newly elected Pontifex Maximus, saying that Tiberius wished to make himself king, demanded that the consul take action. When he refused, Nasica girded his toga over his head, shouting "Now that the consul has betrayed the state, let every man who wishes to uphold the laws follow me!" and led the senators up towards Tiberius. In the resulting confrontation, Tiberius was beaten to death with clubs and staves made from benches which lay strewn about. His fellow tribune, Publius Satyreius, dealt the first blow to his head. More than 300 supporters, including Tiberius, were slain by stones and staves, but none by sword, and their bodies thrown into the Tiber. Such an act denied them a proper funeral. This, according to Plutarch, was the first outbreak of civil strife in Rome.

paragraph: Following the massacre, many of Tiberius' supporters were sent into exile without a trial, while others were arrested and executed, including being sewn up in a bag with poisonous vipers. The Senate attempted to mollify the People by allowing the agrarian law to go into effect and a vote to replace Tiberius on the commission; the job fell to Publius Crassus, father-in-law of Tiberius' brother Gaius. When threatened with impeachment, Nasica was reassigned to Asia to remove him from the city. The People made no attempt to conceal their hatred of him, accosting him publicly, cursing him and calling him a tyrant. Nasica wandered, despised and outcast, until he died shortly later near Pergamum. Even Scipio Africanus the Younger, who had formerly enjoyed the love of the People, incurred their wrath when he said he disapproved of Tiberius' politics, and was thereafter frequently interrupted when giving speeches, causing him to only lash out more at them.

paragraph: Later, following the murder of his brother, statues of both were placed throughout the city in prominent locations, where they were worshipped as heroes of the People, sometimes even being sacrificed to as if they were gods.

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: The Senate sought to placate the plebeians by consenting to the enforcement of the Gracchan laws. An increase in the register of citizens in the next decade suggests a large number of land allotments. Nonetheless, the agrarian commission found itself faced with many difficulties and obstacles.

paragraph: Tiberius' heir was his younger brother Gaius, who shared Tiberius' fate a decade later, while trying to apply even more revolutionary legislation.

paragraph: Section::::Gracchus Babeuf.

paragraph: The French revolutionary François-Noël Babeuf took up the name "Gracchus Babeuf" in conscious emulation of the Roman brothers, and published a newspaper, "Le tribun du peuple" ("the tribune of the people"). Ultimately he, like them, met a violent end.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Appian, "The Civil Wars"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gracchus Reforms

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scipio–Paullus–Gracchus family tree

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gaius Blossius

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Great Books", Encyclopædia Britannica, "Plutarch: The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans" (Dryden translation), 1952, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 55-10323

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ian Scott-Kilvert, notes to "Life of Tiberius Gracchus" by Plutarch; Penguin Classics

paragraph: BULLET::::- BBC, , Episode 4, 2006, television series and accompanying book of same title (also as a The Gracchus Brothers Legacy - YouTube movie).

description: ancient Rome politician

wikidata_label: Tiberius Gracchus

wikipedia_title: Tiberius Gracchus


text: Chico and the Man

text: Stanley Kubrick

text: The Shining

text: voiceover

text: Meadowlark Lemon

text: "Harlem Globetrotters" animated TV series

text: Jazz

text: Autobot

text: The Transformers

text: Hong Kong Phooey

text: The Aristocats

text: Terre Haute, Indiana

text: scat singing

text: Apollo Theater

text: Capitol

text: USO

text: Bob Hope

text: Slim Gaillard

text: A. C. Bilbrew

text: Meet Me at the Fair

text: Hello Dolly!

text: The Great White Hope

text: The Aristocats

text: Jack Nicholson

text: The King of Marvin Gardens

text: The Fortune

text: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest

text: The Shining

text: fable-telling

text: Coonskin

text: Silver Streak

text: The Shootist

text: Bronco Billy

text: Zapped!

text: Two of a Kind

text: Harlem Globetrotters

text: Hong Kong Phooey

text: Chico and the Man

text: Roots

text: Redd Foxx

text: All of Me

text: tenor guitar

text: Hanna-Barbera

text: Lewis Carroll

text: Sammy Davis Jr.

text: Cheshire cat

text: Reprise

text: Dragnet

text: Bewitched

text: McMillan & Wife

text: Kojak

text: Ironside

text: Sanford and Son

text: Starsky and Hutch

text: Charlie's Angels

text: The Love Boat

text: Magnum, P.I.

text: Taxi

text: Laverne & Shirley

text: Jazz

text: The Transformers

text: One of the Boys

text: Casablanca

text: Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery

text: Hollywood Walk of Fame

text: NAACP

text: The Return of Gilbert and Sullivan

text: Meet Me at the Fair

text: East of Sumatra

text: Walking My Baby Back Home

text: Johnny Dark

text: Between Heaven and Hell

text: The Gift of Love

text: Tarzan and the Trappers

text: Alfred Hitchcock Presents

text: Alias Jesse James

text: Porgy and Bess

text: The Sins of Rachel Cade

text: Lady in a Cage

text: The Patsy

text: The Family Jewels

text: Three on a Couch

text: Alvarez Kelly

text: Hook, Line & Sinker

text: Hello, Dolly!

text: Bloody Mama

text: The Great White Hope

text: The Aristocats

text: Chandler

text: Lady Sings the Blues

text: The King of Marvin Gardens

text: Detroit 9000

text: Slaughter's Big Rip-Off

text: Black Belt Jones

text: Truck Turner

text: Win, Place or Steal

text: Linda Lovelace for President

text: The Fortune

text: Coonskin

text: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest

text: Friday Foster

text: Stay Hungry

text: The Shootist

text: Chesty Anderson, USN

text: Silver Streak

text: Mean Dog Blues

text: The Cheap Detective

text: Scavenger Hunt

text: Banjo the Woodpile Cat

text: The Shining

text: Bronco Billy

text: The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan's Island

text: Zapped!

text: Deadly Eyes

text: Two of a Kind

text: The Journey of Natty Gann

text: Morningstar/Eveningstar

text: Rock Odyssey

text: The Adventures of Jim Bowie

text: Bonanza

text: The Famous Adventures of Mr. Magoo

text: Harlem Globe Trotters

text: Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color

text: Bewitched

text: The Lorax

text: Nichols

text: The New Scooby-Doo Movies

text: Kojak

text: Hong Kong Phooey

text: Mannix

text: "The Odd Couple" (1970 TV series)

text: McMillan & Wife

text: Chico and the Man

text: Sanford and Son

text: Roots

text: Dean Martin Celebrity Roast: Angie Dickinson

text: Laff-A-Lympics

text: CB Bears

text: The Skatebirds

text: Starsky and Hutch

text: Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels

text: Charlie's Angels

text: The Love Boat

text: Vega$

text: The Super Globetrotters

text: The Incredible Hulk

text: Laverne & Shirley

text: Magnum, P.I.

text: Trollkins

text: Jokebook

text: Benson

text: Casablanca

text: Taxi

text: This Is Your Life

text: The Transformers

text: Paw Paws

text: The Wonderful World of Jonathan Winters

categories: Deaths from pneumonia,Musicians from Indiana,American male film actors,American male voice actors,20th-century American singers,Male actors from Indiana,Deaths from cancer in California,1986 deaths,Actors from Terre Haute, Indiana,American male singers,Deaths from lung cancer,20th-century male singers,Challenge Records artists,Scat singers,African-American male actors,Singers from Indiana,African-American male singers,Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills),1910 births,20th-century American male actors

paragraph: Scatman Crothers

paragraph: Benjamin Sherman Crothers (May 23, 1910 – November 22, 1986), known professionally as Scatman Crothers, was an American actor and musician. He played Louie the Garbage Man on the TV show "Chico and the Man" and Dick Hallorann in Stanley Kubrick's "The Shining" (1980). He was also a prolific voiceover actor who provided the voices of Meadowlark Lemon in the "Harlem Globetrotters" animated TV series, Jazz the Autobot in "The Transformers" and "" (1986), the title character in "Hong Kong Phooey", and Scat Cat in the animated Disney film "The Aristocats" (1970).

paragraph: Section::::Early years and music career.

paragraph: Crothers was born in Terre Haute, Indiana, and began his musical career as a teenager. He sang and was self-educated on guitar and drums. He was in a band that played in speakeasies in Terre Haute.

paragraph: During the 1930s, he formed a band, spent eight years living in Akron, Ohio, and performed five days week on a radio show in Dayton. The station manager thought he needed a catchier name, so Crothers suggested "Scatman" for his scat singing. He married Helen, a native of Steubenville, in 1937. In the 1940s, the couple moved to California.

paragraph: He performed in Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and at the Apollo Theater in Harlem. Capitol released several of his singles: "I'd Rather Be a Hummingbird", "Blue-eyed Sally", and "Television Blues". High Fidelity Records released his album "Rock and Roll with Scatman Crothers". He went on USO tours with Bob Hope.

paragraph: He performed with bandleader Slim Gaillard. According to the jacket notes of the "Let Freedom Sing" CD set, Crothers was part of the music group The Ramparts, who sang "The Death of Emmett Till" (1955), a song by A. C. Bilbrew.

paragraph: Section::::Film and television career.

paragraph: Crothers made his debut in the movie "Meet Me at the Fair" (1953). He had roles in the film musicals "Hello Dolly!" (1969) and "The Great White Hope" (1970) before providing the voice of "Scat Cat" in the animated film "The Aristocats" (also 1970). He appeared in four films with Jack Nicholson: "The King of Marvin Gardens" (1972), "The Fortune", "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" (1975), and "The Shining" (1980). He had the part of a fable-telling convict in the animated film "Coonskin" (1975), a train porter in "Silver Streak" (1976), a liveryman in "The Shootist" (1976), a ringmaster in "Bronco Billy" (1980), a baseball coach in "Zapped!" (1982), an angel in "Two of a Kind" (1983) and a magician in "" (1983).

paragraph: He became the first black person to appear regularly in a Los Angeles television show when he joined "Dixie Showboat". After "The Aristocats" in the 1970s, he found voice acting jobs as Meadowlark Lemon in the "Harlem Globetrotters" cartoon series and as the title character in "Hong Kong Phooey". For three years he played the role of Louie the garbage man on "Chico and the Man". He also had a part in the television series "Roots". During his appearance on "Sanford and Son" he joined Redd Foxx for two musical numbers. One was a version of the standard "All of Me" in which he accompanied Foxx on tenor guitar.

paragraph: In 1966 an animated special from the Hanna-Barbera studios aired called "The New Alice in Wonderland (or What's a Nice Kid Like You Doing in a Place Like This?)", an updated version of the Lewis Carroll story with Sammy Davis Jr. as a cool Cheshire cat; the special was followed up by an audio adaptation for HB Records, but with Davis signed to Reprise Crothers provided the cat's record voice.

paragraph: Crothers had guest roles on "Dragnet" in 1967, "Bewitched" and "McMillan & Wife" in 1971, "Adam-12" in 1972 (as "George Strothers"), "Kojak" and "Ironside" in 1973, "" and "Sanford and Son" in 1974, "Starsky and Hutch" in 1977, "Charlie's Angels" and "The Love Boat" in 1978, "Magnum, P.I." in 1980, and "Taxi" in 1983. Also in 1980, he was on two episodes of "Laverne & Shirley" as a porter. In the 1980s, he provided the voice of the Autobot Jazz on the television series "The Transformers".

paragraph: He starred in three short-lived 1980s television series: "One of the Boys" (1982), "Casablanca" (1983), and "Morningstar/Eveningstar" (1986).

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Crothers died at the age of 76 in Van Nuys, California, after struggling for four years with lung cancer. He is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Best Supporting Actor, Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror, for "The Shining" (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Star on Hollywood Walk of Fame, 1981

paragraph: BULLET::::- NAACP Image Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame, 1987 (posthumous)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "King Cole Trio & Benny Carter Orchestra" (1950) (short subject) as Himself

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Yes Sir, Mr. Bones" (1951) as Scathman

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Return of Gilbert and Sullivan" (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meet Me at the Fair" (1953) as Enoch Jones

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Surprising Suzie" (1953) (short subject)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "East of Sumatra" (1953) as Baltimore

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Walking My Baby Back Home" (1953) as Smiley Gordon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Johnny Dark" (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Team Berlin" (1955) (short subject)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Between Heaven and Hell" (1956) as George (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Gift of Love" (1958) as Sam the Gardner (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tarzan and the Trappers" (1958) as Tyana

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alfred Hitchcock Presents" (1958) Episode #4.2 "Don't Interrupt" as Timothy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alias Jesse James" (1959) as the railroad porter (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Porgy and Bess" (1959) as Crabman

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sins of Rachel Cade" (1961) as Musinga

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lady in a Cage" (1964) as the junkyard proprietor's assistant (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Patsy" (1964) as the Shoeshine Boy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Family Jewels" (1965) as an airport employee (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Three on a Couch" (1966) as a jazz band member (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alvarez Kelly" (1966) as Bellhop (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hook, Line & Sinker" (1969) as a corpse (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hello, Dolly!" (1969) as Mr. Jones, a porter (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bloody Mama" (1970) as Moses the caretaker

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Great White Hope" (1970) as a carnival barker (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Aristocats" (1970) as Scat Cat (voice)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chandler" (1971) as Smoke

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lady Sings the Blues" (1972) as Big Ben

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The King of Marvin Gardens" (1972) as Lewis

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Detroit 9000" (1973) as Reverend Markham

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Slaughter's Big Rip-Off" (1973) as Cleveland

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Belt Jones" (1974) as Pop Byrd

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Truck Turner" (1974) as Duke

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Win, Place or Steal" (1975) as the Attendant

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Linda Lovelace for President" (1975) as Super Black

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fortune" (1975) as the Fisherman

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coonskin" (1975) as Pappy / Old Man Bone (voice)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" (1975) as Turkle

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Friday Foster" (1975) as Noble Franklin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stay Hungry" (1976) as William

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Shootist" (1976) as Moses Brown

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chesty Anderson, USN" (1976) as Ben Benson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Silver Streak" (1976) as Ralson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mean Dog Blues" (1978) as Mudcat

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cheap Detective" (1978) as Tinker

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scavenger Hunt" (1979) as Sam

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Banjo the Woodpile Cat" (1979) as Crazy Legs (voice)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Shining" (1980) as Dick Halloran

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bronco Billy" (1980) as Doc Lynch

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan's Island" (1981) (made for TV) as Dewey Stevens

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zapped!" (1982) as Coach Dexter Jones

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deadly Eyes" (1982) as George Foskins

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1983) as Mr. Bloom (segment "Kick the Can")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two of a Kind" (1983) as Earl

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Journey of Natty Gann" (1985) as Sherman

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Morningstar/Eveningstar" (1986) (TV Series) as Excell Dennis

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1986) as Jazz (voice)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rock Odyssey" (1987) as Jukebox (voice)

paragraph: Section::::Television.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Adventures of Jim Bowie" – episode – The Quarantine – Cicero (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bonanza" – episode – The Smiler – Jud (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Famous Adventures of Mr. Magoo" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Harlem Globe Trotters" – George 'Meadowlark' Lemon (1970–1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color" – Disney on Parade – King Louie (voice, uncredited) (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bewitched" – episode – Three Men and a Witch on a Horse – Handler (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lorax" – TV special – Singer (voice, uncredited) (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nichols" – episode – Eddie Joe – Jack (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The New Scooby-Doo Movies" – episodes – The Ghostly Creep from the Deep/The Loch Ness Mess/Mystery of Haunted Island (1972–1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kojak" – episode – The Corrupter – Gaylord Fuller (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hong Kong Phooey" – 16 episodes – Hong Kong Phooey / Penrod 'Penry' Pooch (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mannix" – episode – The Green Man – Mudcat (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""The Odd Couple" (1970 TV series)" – episode – The Subway Show (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "McMillan & Wife" – episode – Downshift to Danger – Floyd (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chico and the Man" – Louie the Garbage Man (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sanford and Son" – episode – The Stand-In – Bowlegs (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Roots" – TV miniseries – Mingo (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dean Martin Celebrity Roast: Angie Dickinson" – TV Special – Himself (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Laff-A-Lympics" – Hong Kong Phooey (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "CB Bears" – Segment title narrator (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Skatebirds"– Scat Cat (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Starsky and Hutch" – episode – Long Walk Down a Short Dirt Road – Fireball (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels" – Additional Voices (1977–1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "NBC Salutes the 25th Anniversary of the Wonderful World of Disney" – TV Movie documentary – Himself (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charlie's Angels" – episode – Angels in Vegas – Jip Baker (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Love Boat" – cruise ship passenger (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vega$" – episodes –High Roller & The Usurper – Rosey (1978–1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Super Globetrotters" – Nate Branch / Liquid Man (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Incredible Hulk" – episode – My Favorite Magician – Edgar McGee (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Laverne & Shirley" – episode – Murder on the Moosejaw Express Part 1 & Part 2 – Porter (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Magnum, P.I." – episode – Lest We Forget – Tickler (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trollkins" – Additional Voices (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan's Island" – TV Movie – Dewey Stevens (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jokebook" – Main Title Singer (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Benson" – episode – In the Red – Rev. Tompkins (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Casablanca" – Sam (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Taxi" – episode – A Grand Gesture – Walt (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This Is Your Life" – episode – Scatman Crothers – Himself (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Transformers voice of Autobot Jazz (1984- 1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paw Paws" – Eugene the Genie (1985–1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Wonderful World of Jonathan Winters " – Himself (1986)

description: American entertainer

wikidata_label: Scatman Crothers

wikipedia_title: Scatman Crothers


text:
British
Conservative
George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen
Eton College
Sandhurst
Colonel
Grenadier Guards
Greece
Order of the British Empire
House of Lords
Harold Macmillan
Sir Alec Douglas-Home
Edward Heath
Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard
Giles

categories: Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,People educated at Eton College,Conservative Party (UK) Baronesses- and Lords-in-Waiting,Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst,Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire,1906 births,Grenadier Guards officers,1977 deaths

paragraph: John Goschen, 3rd Viscount Goschen

paragraph: John Alexander Goschen, 3rd Viscount Goschen (7 July 1906 – 22 March 1977) was a British Conservative politician.

paragraph: Goschen was the son of the Hon. Sir William Henry Goschen, second son of George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen, and was educated at Eton College and Sandhurst. He was a Colonel in the Grenadier Guards and served with the British Military Mission to Greece from 1945 to 1947. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his military service in 1944. He succeeded his uncle to the viscountcy in 1952 and took his seat on the Conservative benches in the House of Lords. He served under Harold Macmillan, Sir Alec Douglas-Home and Edward Heath as Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard (Deputy Chief Whip in the House of Lords) from 1962 to 1964 and from 1970 to 1971. In 1972 he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his political and public service.

paragraph: Lord Goschen married firstly Hilda Violet Ursula, daughter of Colonel the Hon. St Leger Henry Jervis and granddaughter of the Third Viscount St Vincent, in 1934. They were divorced in 1943. He married secondly Alvin, daughter of H. England, in 1955. They had one son and one daughter. Lord Goschen died in March 1977, aged 70, and was succeeded by his only son Giles.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: John Goschen, 3rd Viscount Goschen

wikipedia_title: John Goschen, 3rd Viscount Goschen


text: French

text: rower

text: 1924 Summer Olympics

text: Marc Detton

categories: Olympic rowers of France,Olympic medalists in rowing,Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics,French male rowers,Olympic silver medalists for France,Rowers at the 1924 Summer Olympics,1900 births,1950 deaths

paragraph: Jean-Pierre Stock

paragraph: Jean-Pierre Stock (5 April 1900 – 2 October 1950) was a French rower who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics.

paragraph: In 1924 he won the silver medal with his partner Marc Detton in the double sculls event at the age of 24.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean-Pierre Stock's profile at databaseOlympics

description: French rower

wikidata_label: Jean-Pierre Stock

wikipedia_title: Jean-Pierre Stock


text: composer

text: bandmaster

text: United States

text: Union Army

text: U.S. Civil War

text: When Johnny Comes Marching Home

text: Ballygar

text: County Galway

text: music

text: Canada

text: English

text: Boston

text: Massachusetts

text: Boston Brigade

text: John P. Ordway

text: Ordway's Aeolians

text: blackface

text: minstrel

text: James Buchanan

text: 24th Massachusetts Volunteers

text: General Burnside

text: North Carolina

text: Governor Andrew

text: Nathaniel P. Banks

text: New Orleans

text: National Peace Jubilee

text: waltz king

text: Johann Strauss II

text: New York City

text: quadricentennial

text: Christopher Columbus

text: St. Louis

text: Calvary Cemetery (Queens, New York)

text: Boston Pops

text: Madison Square Garden

text: Statue of Liberty

text: New Year

text: Times Square

text: saxophone

text: Thomas Edison

text: big band

text: Songwriters Hall of Fame

text: John Philip Sousa

text: "For the Record"

text: "Ireland's First Superstar"

categories: 19th-century classical composers,19th-century American composers,19th-century Irish people,Songwriters from Massachusetts,People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War,American classical composers,Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923),Irish songwriters,Musicians from County Galway,19th-century American people,Musicians from Boston,19th-century conductors (music),American bandleaders,Irish male classical composers,Burials at Calvary Cemetery (Queens, New York),Classical musicians from Massachusetts,1892 deaths,Pioneer recording artists,Irish classical composers,American male classical composers,1829 births

paragraph: Patrick Gilmore

paragraph: Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore (December 25, 1829 – September 24, 1892) was an Irish-born American composer and bandmaster who lived and worked in the United States after 1848. While serving in the Union Army during the U.S. Civil War, Gilmore wrote the lyrics to the song "When Johnny Comes Marching Home". This was published under the pseudonym Louis Lambert in September 1863.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Gilmore was born in Ballygar, County Galway. He started his music career at age fifteen, and spent time in Canada with an English band. He settled in Boston, Massachusetts in 1848, becoming leader of the Suffolk, Boston Brigade, and Salem bands in swift succession. He also worked in the Boston music store of John P. Ordway and founded Ordway's Aeolians, a group of blackface minstrels. With the Salem Band, Gilmore performed at the 1857 inauguration of President James Buchanan.

paragraph: In 1858 he founded "Gilmore's Band," and at the outset of war the band enlisted with the 24th Massachusetts Volunteers, accompanying General Burnside to North Carolina. After the temporary discharge of bands from the field, Governor Andrew of Massachusetts entrusted Gilmore with the task of re-organizing military music-making, and General Nathaniel P. Banks created him Bandmaster-general.

paragraph: When peace resumed, Gilmore was asked to organize a celebration, which took place at New Orleans. That success emboldened him to undertake two major music festivals at Boston, the National Peace Jubilee in 1869 and the World's Peace Jubilee and International Musical Festival in 1872. These featured monster orchestras of massed bands with the finest singers and instrumentalists (including the only American appearance by "waltz king" Johann Strauss II) and cemented Gilmore's reputation as the leading musical figure of the age. Coliseums were erected for the occasions, holding 60- and 120,000 persons. Grateful Bostonians presented Gilmore with medals and cash, but in 1873 he moved to New York City, as bandmaster of the 22nd Regiment. Gilmore took this band on acclaimed tours of Europe.

paragraph: It was back on home soil, preparing an 1892 musical celebration of the quadricentennial anniversary of Christopher Columbus' voyage of discovery, that Gilmore collapsed and died in St. Louis. Patrick S. Gilmore was buried in Calvary Cemetery (Queens, New York).

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In many ways Gilmore can be seen as the principal figure in 19th-century American music. He was a composer, the "Famous 22nd Regiment March" from 1874 is just one example. He held the first "Promenade Concert in America" in 1855, the forerunner to today's Boston Pops. He set up "Gilmore's Concert Garden", which became Madison Square Garden. He was the Musical Director of the Nation in effect, leading the festivities for the 1876 Centennial celebrations in Philadelphia and the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in 1886. In 1888 he started the tradition of seeing in the New Year in Times Square.

paragraph: Gilmore was the first American band leader to feature the saxophone. The French "Garde Republicaine" military band performed at the World Peace Jubilee and Gilmore was sufficiently impressed that in the following year he reorganized his band to include the instruments that the French band introduced to American ears. The new band included a soprano-alto-tenor-baritone saxophone section featuring Edward A. Lefebre (1834-1911) as soloist, which also performed as a quartet that became the archetype of the standard classical saxophone quartet. The promotion by Gilmore and Lefebre resulted in the first production of American saxophones and a shift of the center of the saxophone world from France to the United States around the turn of the century.

paragraph: In 1891, he played for some of Thomas Edison's first commercial recordings. Musically, he was the first arranger to set brass instruments against the reeds, which remains the basis for big band orchestration. His arrangements of contemporary classics did a great deal to familiarize the American people with the work of the great European musical masters.

paragraph: Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Philip Sousa

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patrick Gilmore's entry in the Catholic Encyclopaedia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lyrics & Music: When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patrick S. Gilmore and The Boston Peace Jubilees

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patrick Gilmore Collection, Special Collections in Performing Arts at the University of Maryland

paragraph: BULLET::::- "For the Record"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore, 1829-1892: Father of the American Concert Band. Highlights of 2004 exhibition, Boston College website

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ireland's First Superstar", RTE Radio 1 documentary, 3 November 2018

alias:
P. S. Gilmore
Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore

description: Irish-American composer and bandmaster

wikidata_label: Patrick Gilmore

wikipedia_title: Patrick Gilmore


text:
post-impressionist
vedutisti
Venice Biennale
Venice
Academy of Fine Arts
Venice
Ettore Tito
Emilio Paggiaro
Vittorio Bressanin
Opera Bevilacqua La Masa
Venice
Juti Ravenna
Pio Semeghini
Burano
Ca' Pesaro
Venice Biennale
Duc de Trèvise
Sauvegard de l'Art Francaise
Pierre Bonnard
Paris
Venice Biennale
Quadriennale di Roma
Rome
Italy
post-impressionist
Futurism
Cubism
Abstract art
Action painting
Alain Chivilò
http://www.eugeniodavenezia.eu

categories: 1992 deaths,Post-impressionist painters,Venetian painters,Italian male painters,1900 births,20th-century Italian painters,People from Venice,Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia alumni

paragraph: Eugenio Da Venezia

paragraph: Eugenio Da Venezia (November 9, 1900 – September 7, 1992) was an Italian painter. He was a member of the group known as I Giovani di Palazzo Carminati (the youths of Palazzo Carminati). This group rejected the prevailing style of the Italian Academy at the beginning of the 20th century. Da Venezia painted in a post-impressionist style, influenced by the Venetian tradition of the vedutisti. He exhibited in ten editions of Venice Biennale between 1934 and 1956, including the XL anniversary in 1935.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Eugenio Da Venezia was born in Venice. He trained at the Art Institute and the Academy of Fine Arts in Venice. His teachers were Ettore Tito, Emilio Paggiaro and Vittorio Bressanin. Later he studied at the Opera Bevilacqua La Masa in Palazzo Carminati in Venice, where his painting style developed. Here he was part of the group later known as I Giovani di Palazzo Carminati (The Palazzo Carminati Young) with Marco Novati, Fioravante Seibezzi, Juti Ravenna, Neno Mori, Mario Varagnolo and others. This group was influenced by Pio Semeghini and by the Scuola di Burano (Burano School). They were an anti-academic movement characterized by clear tones, and direct contact with nature. Eugenio Da Venezia and his painters friends rejected the avant-garde art for a real representation of the nature, portraits, still life using the colour as main element, according to the history of Art Venice tradition.

paragraph: From 1925 to 1956, Eugenio Da Venezia started exhibiting at annual exhibitions of Ca' Pesaro (International Gallery of Modern Art in Venice). During the Venice Biennale in 1934 he met the art magnate, the Duc de Trèvise (Sauvegard de l'Art Francaise), and the old Pierre Bonnard. They were impressed by Da Venezia's great skill as a colourist. As a result of this general appreciation from 1935 to 1940 he lived and exhibited in Paris. Back in Italy he participated in numerous exhibitions, including different editions of Venice Biennale, the VI Quadriennale di Roma in Rome, the Michetti Prize, the Opera Bevilacqua La Masa and many others.

paragraph: During the second half of the 20th century he continued painting and exhibiting throughout Italy, receiving numerous feedbacks of respect. Da Venezia's style remained post-impressionist until his death, rejecting avant-garde art movements such as Futurism, Cubism, Abstract art, Action painting.

paragraph: From the beginning of the 21st century the Italian art critic and curator Alain Chivilò decided to create a web site as tribute to Master Eugenio Da Venezia. For the first time a painter of I Giovani di Palazzo Carminati (the youths of Palazzo Carminati) group has dedicated an official internet page: biography, exhibitions, critical texts, photos, paintings and many more.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Posthumous exhibitions

paragraph: BULLET::::- Other exhibitions at which Da Venezia's work was displayed

paragraph: Section::::Further reading (in Italian).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Da Venezia, Vita ed Opere del Maestro" di Gino Damerini

paragraph: BULLET::::- "E. Da Venezia, Vita ed Opere del Maestro" di Pietro Zampetti, Venezia 1968

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eugenio Da Venezia, Vita ed Opere del Maestro" di Paolo Rizzi. Edizione Galleria d'Arte Moderna Ravagnan - Venezia, September 1971

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mezzo Secolo di pittura nel Veneto", di Paolo Rizzi. All. Nr. 3 alla rivista Bolaffi Arte Nr. 72, Torino 09/1977

paragraph: BULLET::::- Autori Vari, "Mostra Antologica", Bevilacqua La Masa Comune di Venezia, Venezia, 1968

paragraph: BULLET::::- Autori Vari, "Eugenio Da Venezia. Retrospettiva Antologica 1926 - 1985", Comune di Abano Terme Assessorato alla Cultura, Conselve, 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eugenio Da Venezia, "Pensieri personali di Eugenio Da Venezia sull'Arte scritti tra il 1986/87", Official web site, interview section, Venezia, 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Valigia ieri e oggi", di Bevilacqua La Masa Catalogo Mostra 02-22/10 -1982, presso Museo Cà Pesaro, Venezia

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eugenio Da Venezia. La donazione alla Querini Stampalia", Milano, Electa, 1990 - Catalogo Mostra 09/11 - 09/12 -1990, presso Palazzo Querini, Venezia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collana dei "Quaderni della Donazione Da Venezia", a cura di Giuseppina Dal Canton

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: Further information: http://www.eugeniodavenezia.eu

description: Italian painter, 20th c.

wikidata_label: Eugenio Da Venezia

wikipedia_title: Eugenio Da Venezia


text:
Ancient Egypt
Khufukhaf I
pharaoh
Khufu
Wetka
Iuenka
Khufukhaf II
Giza
east field
Giza Necropolis
Khufu
Khufukhaf I
Ptolemaic period
Isis
shabti

paragraph: Nefertkau II

paragraph: Nefertkau II was an Ancient Egyptian noble lady, the wife of Prince Khufukhaf I, son of pharaoh Khufu.

paragraph: Nefertkau and Khufukhaf had several children including two sons named Wetka and Iuenka, as well as an unnamed daughter. Both sons Wetka and Iuenka appear in the tomb of Khufukhaf and Nefertkau offering papyrus. They are both are given the title "King's son". An unnamed daughter is depicted behind her seated parents in the inner hall of the mastaba. It is possible that an official named Khufukhaf II is a third son of Khufukhaf I and Nefertkau.

paragraph: Section::::Tomb.

paragraph: Nefertkau was buried in G 7130 in Giza located in the east field which is part of the Giza Necropolis. The tomb was part of the double mastaba constructed for Nefertkau and her husband Khufukhaf I. According to Reisner the construction of the tomb would have started by year 17-24 of the reign of Khufu.

paragraph: Nefertkau is depicted in the hall and the inner hall of the mastaba. Fragments of inscriptions remain showing Khufukhaf I was depicted several times in her chapel. Her son Wetka is depicted at least once.

paragraph: Nefertkau was buried in shaft G 7130 B. The shaft contained fragments of a red granite sarcophagus. The burial chamber had been reused in the Ptolemaic period. When excavated, a shaft was found leading to the Isis's temple nearby and intrusive shabtis were found on the floor.

description: ancient Egyptian noble lady

wikidata_label: Nefertkau II

wikipedia_title: Nefertkau II


text:
bishop of Metz
Eastern Orthodox
Roman Catholic
ordained
priest
Arnulf of Metz
Epinal
Dagobert I
feast day
Calendar of Saints
Holweck, F. G.

categories: People from Metz,Year of birth missing,7th-century Frankish saints,7th-century bishops,Bishops of Metz,643 deaths

paragraph: Goeric of Metz

paragraph: Goeric of Metz (; ; died September 19 643 AD), also known as Abbo I of Metz, Goericus of Metz, and Gury of Metz, was a bishop of Metz. He is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was a married man with two daughters. He recovered his eyesight at St. Stephen's in Metz. Shortly thereafter, he joined the clergy and was ordained a priest by Arnulf of Metz. In 627, he succeeded Arnulf as bishop of Metz.

paragraph: As bishop, he transferred the relics of his predecessor Arnulf to the Church of the Apostles. He also built the church of Great St. Peter's and the monastery at Epinal for his two daughters, Precia and Victorina. He was also a personal friend of Dagobert I.

paragraph: He died in 643. He has the feast day of September 19. In the 10th century, his relics were brought from Saint-Symphorien to Epinal. This event is commemorated in the local Calendar of Saints on April 15.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holweck, F. G., "A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints". St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co., 1924.

description: Bishop of Metz

wikidata_label: Goeric

wikipedia_title: Goeric of Metz


text: Kōjien

paragraph:
Minamoto no Takakuni
Section::::References.
BULLET::::- Kōjien, 6th edition.

description: Japanese noble

wikidata_label: Minamoto no Takakuni

wikipedia_title: Minamoto no Takakuni


text:
Unwound
Fender Jazz
Blonde Redhead
KARP
Enemymine
Novex
Replicator
Blonde Redhead
Fake Can Be Just as Good
Justin Trosper
Sara Lund
Long Hind Legs
Fitz of Depression
Witchypoo
Flora v. Fauna

categories: American bass guitarists,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Vern Rumsey

paragraph: Vern Rumsey was the bass guitar player for the band Unwound. He generally played a Fender Jazz bass. He is also a recording engineer who has worked with bands such as Blonde Redhead, KARP, Enemymine, Novex and Replicator.

paragraph: Rumsey played bass guitar on the Blonde Redhead record "Fake Can Be Just as Good", and co-ran the label Punk in My Vitamins  with his bandmates Justin Trosper and Sara Lund.

paragraph: He was also in the bands Long Hind Legs, Oslo, Fitz of Depression, and Witchypoo and (in 2009) was playing in the band Flora v. Fauna.

paragraph: He has been variously credited as Doombuggy, Red Rumsey, RedRumsey, Rumsey, Vern and Vernon Rumsey.

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Vern Rumsey

wikipedia_title: Vern Rumsey


text:
Fire Company 40
New York City
folk hero
Broadway
Frank Chanfrau
Virginia hams
trolley cars
stovepipe hat
beaver hat
Hudson River
Plug Uglies
St. Andrew's Church

categories: History of New York City,American folklore,New York City firefighters,History of firefighting

paragraph: Mose Humphrey

paragraph: Moses Humphrey was a member of Fire Company 40 in New York City in the 1800s, and the inspiration for the folk hero character "Mose the Fireboy".

paragraph: The character of Mose first appeared on Broadway in Benjamin A. Baker's "A Glance at New York", in 1848. Mose was featured in several stage shows and penny novels in the mid-19th century. The character was most identified with actor Frank Chanfrau.

paragraph: The Fireboy character was said to have a height of and hands as big as Virginia hams, able to lift trolley cars over his head and rescue babies inside a stovepipe hat, as his own beaver hat was two foot across the brim. Certain stories recall Mose performing extraordinary deeds, such as swimming the Hudson River with two strokes, or tearing up mulberry and cherry trees to use as a bludgeon against the Plug Uglies, a gang that were at odds with New York Firemen Co. 49.

paragraph: The real Moses was a parishioner of St. Andrew's Church.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Pope Osborne. "New York's Bravest".

paragraph: BULLET::::- David L. Rinear. "F. S. Chanfrau's Mose: The Rise and Fall of an Urban Folk-Hero". Theatre Journal, Vol. 33, No. 2 (May, 1981), pp. 199–212

description: American firefighter

wikidata_label: Mose Humphrey

wikipedia_title: Mose Humphrey


text: Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church

text: Vicar General of Rome

text: cardinalate

text: Milan

text: seminaries

text: Monza

text: doctorate in theology

text: Pontifical Gregorian University

text: doctorate in canon law

text: diaconate

text: ordained

text: priest

text: Eugenio Cardinal Tosi

text: pastoral

text: Milan

text: private secretary

text: Privy Chamberlain of His Holiness

text: apostolic delegation

text: Turkey

text: Greece

text: rector

text: Domestic Prelate of His Holiness

text: Roman Curia

text: Secretariat of State

text: Undersecretary

text: Giovanni Battista Montini

text: Secretariat of State

text: Titular Archbishop

text: Chalcedon

text: Pope John XXIII

text: episcopal consecration

text: O.F.M. Cap.

text: co-consecrators

text: Second Vatican Council

text: Pope Paul VI

text: Cardinal-Priest

text: Ss. Ambrogio e Carlo

text: consistory

text: Vicar General of Rome

text: Bishop of Rome

text: Senator Robert Kennedy

text: honorary doctorates

text: Loyola University

text: University of Chicago

text: Fordham University

text: Giacomo Lercaro

text: Rosary Basilica

text: pilgrimage

text: Lourdes

text: Sesto Calende

text: parish church

text: Pope Pius XII

text: Riccardo Galeazzi-Lisi

text: Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

text: Order of Prince Henry

text: Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

text: Catholic-Hierarchy

categories: Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic,1903 births,Economic history of the Holy See,Grand Crosses of the Order of Prince Henry,Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany,Italian cardinals,Cardinal Vicars,Recipients of the Grand Decoration with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria,Pontifical Gregorian University alumni,Participants in the Second Vatican Council,1972 deaths

paragraph: Angelo Dell'Acqua

paragraph: Angelo Dell'Acqua (9 December 1903 – 27 August 1972) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Vicar General of Rome from 1968 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1967.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Dell'Acqua was born in Milan to Giovanni Dell'Acqua and his wife Giuseppina Varalli. He studied at the seminaries in Monza and Milan (obtaining a doctorate in theology from the latter), and the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, from where he earned a doctorate in canon law. After receiving the diaconate on 19 December 1925, Dell'Aqua was ordained a priest by Eugenio Cardinal Tosi on 9 May 1926. He undertook pastoral ministry in Milan and was private secretary to its Archbishop from 1928 to 1929. After finishing his studies in 1931, he was raised to the rank of Privy Chamberlain of His Holiness on 19 December of that same year. Dell'Acqua was secretary of the apostolic delegation to Turkey and Greece from 1931 to 1935. He then worked as rector of the Major Seminary of the Diocese of Rome until 1938, during which time he was named a Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on 15 June 1936.

paragraph: In 1938, Dell'Acqua entered the Roman Curia, as a staff member of the Secretariat of State, whilst performing pastoral work in Rome until 1950. He was later made adjunct Undersecretary of the Sacred Congregation of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs (28 August 1950). On 1 November 1954 he succeeded Archbishop Giovanni Battista Montini, who was named Archbishop of Milan on the same day, as Substitute of the Secretariat of State.

paragraph: On 14 December 1958, Dell'Acqua was appointed Titular Archbishop of "Chalcedon" by Pope John XXIII. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 27 December from Pope John, with Bishops Girolamo Bortignon, O.F.M. Cap., and Gioacchino Muccin serving as co-consecrators. From 1962 to 1965, Dell'Acqua attended the Second Vatican Council.

paragraph: Pope Paul VI created him Cardinal-Priest of "Ss. Ambrogio e Carlo" in the consistory of 26 June 1967, in advance for Dell'Acqua's appointment as the first President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See on 23 September of that same year. Cardinal Dell'Acqua was named Vicar General of Rome and thus the person in charge of the pastoral care of the diocese on behalf of the Bishop of Rome, and represented Paul VI at the funeral of Senator Robert Kennedy on 8 June 1968. Cardinal Dell'Acqua received honorary doctorates from Loyola University, University of Chicago and Fordham University that same year. He was also a close friend of Cardinal Giacomo Lercaro.

paragraph: Dell'Acqua died from a sudden heart attack at the entrance of the Rosary Basilica during a pilgrimage to Lourdes, at age 68. Initially buried in his family's tomb at the Sesto Calende cemetery, his remains were transferred on 31 August 1997, to the very parish church in Sesto Calende where he had been ordained to the priesthood.

paragraph: Section::::Trivia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1954, then Monsignor Dell'Acqua received a phone call from an ill Pope Pius XII, who was suffering from gastric problems, and quickly called for the latter's physician, Riccardo Galeazzi-Lisi.

paragraph: Section::::Honours and awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry (Portugal)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic-Hierarchy

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Angelo Dell'Acqua

wikipedia_title: Angelo Dell'Acqua


text: commercial illustrator

text: portrait

text: watercolor

text: World War II

text: Saratoga, Wyoming

text: George Brant Bridgman

text: Art Students League

text: Society of Illustrators

text: Pratt Institute

text: Meredith magazines

text: Collier's

text: Vanity Fair

text: Cosmopolitan

text: Woman's Home Companion

text: Saturday Evening Post

text: American Family Circle

text: This Week

text: Reader's Digest

text: art director

text: Democratic National Committee

text: the 1945 official Japanese surrender

text: U.S.S. Missouri

text: Joe Rosenthal

text: Iwo Jima

text: Seventh Loan drive

text: $200 E Bond

text: Eleanor Roosevelt

text: American Water Color Society

text: Hudson Valley Art Association

text: Society of Illustrators

text: Salmagundi Club

text: More paintings by Beall

text: Artwork by C. C. Beall

categories: 20th-century American painters,People from Saratoga, Wyoming,Artists from Wyoming,1970 deaths,Art Students League of New York alumni,1892 births

paragraph: C. C. Beall

paragraph: Cecil Calvert (C. C.) Beall (1892–1970) was an American commercial illustrator and portrait painter. He did watercolor art and drawings for magazines and comic books. Beall designed posters for the United States government for war loan drives during World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Beall was born on October 15, 1892, in Saratoga, Wyoming, with the given name Cecil Calvert. His parents were Charles W. Beall and Eugenia N. Beall. He had a brother who was a year older, Roger.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Beall received tutoring from the Canadian-American painter George Brant Bridgman at the Art Students League in New York City. While there he displayed his artwork and drawings at exhibits of the Society of Illustrators. Beall also attended Pratt Institute to learn the art of watercolor painting and poster drawing.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Beall did work for many of the leading periodicals of the twentieth century. His watercolor style was in a type of bold contrasting reflections, which was popular at the time. Some Meredith magazines that he produced paintings and colored drawings for included "Collier's," "Vanity Fair," "Cosmopolitan," "Woman's Home Companion," "Saturday Evening Post," "American Family Circle," and "This Week." He also painted covers for Elks Magazine and "Reader's Digest" books.

paragraph: Beall's 1936 painting of President Roosevelt for "Collier's" cover page led to the position as art director for the Democratic National Committee. Beall was temporarily an employee of the U. S. War Department. At the same time, he was also a correspondent-artist for several magazines, including "Collier's", and painted portraits of decorated war heroes. Beall was an eyewitness to the 1945 official Japanese surrender on the U.S.S. Missouri. He painted General MacArthur at the event; his work later became the official portrait.

paragraph: Section::::Posters.

paragraph: Beall's 1945 Treasury poster painting of Joe Rosenthal's photograph of the raising of the replacement American flag on Iwo Jima was used for the war campaign in the Seventh Loan drive. He claimed he didn't change any of the lines in the original photograph, but merely colorized it. It was put on track to be the most displayed picture in history. The loan promotion brought in more than $26 billion in 6 weeks' time to help end World War II. The original American flag put up on Mount Suribachi was taken down as a memento. The total fund raised for all eight War Bond drives was $156 billion.

paragraph: Beall's original drawing of U.S. President Roosevelt that was used for the World War II $200 E Bond was given to Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt. The poster from this art work was labeled "In The Strength Of Great Hope We Must Shoulder Our Common Load." The formal presentation in October 1945 from Beall was in Washington, D.C. with the director of the Office of War Finance, Ted R. Gamiie.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Beall married Mildred Muriel Hall in 1920. They had three children: two daughters and a son named Charles Calvert Beall (1921–1983).

paragraph: Section::::Society memberships.

paragraph: BULLET::::- American Water Color Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hudson Valley Art Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- Society of Illustrators

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salmagundi Club

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- More paintings by Beall

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artwork by C. C. Beall

description: American illustrator

wikidata_label: C. C. Beall

wikipedia_title: C. C. Beall


text: Belva Ann Lockwood

text: silk farming

text: Nashville, Tennessee

text: Tolbert Fanning

text: Cincinnati, Ohio

text: Chatham, Ontario

text: Fayette County, Ohio

text: Emancipation Proclamation

text: 40th United States Colored Troops

text: Rutherford County, Tennessee

text: Ebenezer, Tennessee

text: Murfreesboro

text: Ku Klux Klan

text: Huntsville, Alabama

text: silkworm

text: Ward Cheney

text: Jefferson County, Alabama

text: Louisville in the 1880s

text: New Orleans in 1884

text: Omaha in 1898

text: Booker T. Washington

text: National Negro Business League

categories: Alabama Republicans,Restoration Movement,1830s births,People from Nashville, Tennessee,Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) clergy,American educators,Supreme Court of the United States people,Union Army chaplains,Tennessee Republicans,African Americans in the Civil War,American male journalists,African-American lawyers,Lawyers from Huntsville, Alabama,African-American educators,African-American journalists

paragraph: Samuel R. Lowery

paragraph: Samuel R. Lowery (December 9, 1830 or 1832 c. 1900) was an African American preacher and lawyer, who was the first black lawyer to argue a case before the Supreme Court of the United States of America. Lowery was sponsored to the Supreme Court Bar by Belva Ann Lockwood, the first woman admitted to the bar, in 1880. Lowery was the fifth black attorney to be admitted to the bar. Later in his life, he worked for African American industrial education and attempted to establish silk farming in Alabama.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Samuel R. Lowery was born December 9, 1830 or 1832 near Nashville, Tennessee. His father, Peter, was an African American slave and his mother was a Cherokee Indian. His mother died when Samuel was eight years old. Together with his father, Peter Lowery, Lowery worked at Franklin College, Tennessee and studied under the Christian preacher, Tolbert Fanning. At sixteen he taught in school for four years. In 1849, his father purchased his family's freedom and joined the Church of the Disciples and became the church's first black preacher. Samuel also converted and began preaching. In 1857, he moved to Cincinnati, Ohio and continued preaching there. In 1858 he married and moved to Chatham, Ontario (the West Canada) where he remained for three years before returning to the US and moving to a farm given to him by his father near West Lancaster in Fayette County, Ohio.

paragraph: In 1863, after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued, he went to Nashville to preach to the black soldiers and freedmen in the area. At the time, Colonel R. K. Crawford of the 40th United States Colored Troops was in command and Lowery was denied commission as chaplain of the regiment. Instead, he was transferred to the 9th United States Heavy Artillery U.S. Colored Troops where he received a commission as chaplain. He also was a teacher for the 2nd U. S. Colored Light Artillery U.S. Colored Troops, Battery A.

paragraph: Section::::Teaching and law.

paragraph: After the war, he moved his family to Rutherford County, Tennessee where he continued to teach and preach. Lowery and his father founded a black university, the Tennessee Manual Labor University in 1867 in Ebenezer, Tennessee near Murfreesboro based on the model of Franklin College. He also began studying law. The school began to struggle in 1872, with reasons given including financial improprieties and the Ku Klux Klan. The accusations of financial improprieties were based on an 1872 fundraising tour of the north by Lowery and another teacher, Daneil Wadkins. The pair, who were black and Republican, were not supported by white, largely Democratic, Disciples who frequently criticized the school and reportedly felt that success in the black school would undermine white superiority. Lowery and Wadkins were accused of mismanaging the funds and expelled from the church. Without support, further fundraising efforts failed and the school closed in 1874. Lowery moved back to Nashville, where he was admitted to the bar and began practicing law. In 1875, he moved to Huntsville, Alabama. Lowery was sponsored to the Supreme Court Bar by Belva Ann Lockwood, the first woman admitted to the bar, February 2, 1880. In this, Lowery was the fifth African American and first African-American Southerner to be admitted to the Supreme Court Bar and the first to actually practice before the Supreme Court.

paragraph: Section::::Silk cultivation and industry.

paragraph: About 1874, his ten-year-old daughter, Annie L. Lowery, attended an exhibition of silkworms by Lewis Theobald and persuaded her father to buy some silkworm eggs. Annie began to raise silkworms on white mulberry trees at their home in Huntsville. Annie died in 1877, and Samuel continued her work. He met with other major silk manufacturers in the United States, including Frank Cheney, brother of Ward Cheney and John Kyle of Paterson, New Jersey. In 1875, Lowery established the Lowery Industrial Academy, and later founded the S. R. and R. M. Lowery Industrial Silk Culture and Manufacturing Company. Lowery believed that black workers in the south would be ideal workers in the industry, comparing the work to work in cotton fields.

paragraph: In 1879, Lowery was the editor of a newspaper, the "National Freeman", in Huntsville. In 1880 he established a cooperative community in Jefferson County, Alabama called Loweryvale. He spent much of his later career advocating the silk industry. He won awards for his silk at international exhibitions in Louisville in the 1880s, New Orleans in 1884, and Omaha in 1898. He also traveled to Washington DC a number of times to seek federal aid for the industry. In August 1900, Lowery traveled to Boston for the meetings led by Booker T. Washington which founded the National Negro Business League. Lowery died around that year, and his silk farm continued at least until November 1902.

wikidata_label: Samuel R. Lowery

wikipedia_title: Samuel R. Lowery