text:
Kentucky
Missouri Territory
War of 1812
College of William & Mary
Kentucky General Assembly
James Madison
Governor
Louisiana Territory
Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana
Missouri Territory
Nathan Boone
Daniel Boone
Sac
Fox
Illinois
Fort Clark
Peoria, Illinois
St. Louis, Missouri
Bellefontaine Cemetery
Howard County, Missouri

categories: United States Army generals,People from Missouri in the War of 1812,Kentucky Democratic-Republicans,Mason family,Governors of Louisiana Territory,1760 births,Politicians from Lexington, Kentucky,Burials at Bellefontaine Cemetery,Members of the United States House of Representatives from Kentucky,Missouri Democratic-Republicans,College of William & Mary alumni,Members of the Kentucky House of Representatives,People from Missouri,1814 deaths,Governors of Missouri Territory

paragraph: Benjamin Howard (Missouri)

paragraph: Benjamin Howard (1760 – September 18, 1814) was a Congressman from Kentucky, the first governor of the Missouri Territory and a brigadier general in the War of 1812.

paragraph: Howard was born in Lexington, Kentucky (then part of Virginia) and graduated in 1797 from the College of William & Mary. He was elected to the Kentucky General Assembly in 1800. He served in the 10th and 11th Congresses from Kentucky from 1807 until April 10, 1810. One week later, on April 17, 1810, James Madison appointed him Governor of the Louisiana Territory (the Louisiana Purchase district north of modern-day Louisiana), which was later renamed as the Missouri Territory in June 1812.

paragraph: He resigned his post during the War of 1812 to become brigadier general of the Eighth Military Department. During the conflict he and Nathan Boone (Daniel Boone's youngest son) attacked Sac and Fox positions in Illinois and established Fort Clark by Peoria, Illinois.

paragraph: He fell ill on the way back and died in St. Louis, Missouri. His original burial location is unknown, although likely somewhere in downtown St. Louis. He was moved to the Old Grace Church Graveyard just north of downtown St. Louis (11th and Warren Street) sometime between 1817 and 1844. He was then (allegedly) reinterred in Bellefontaine Cemetery sometime after 1851. However, the cemetery has no record of Howard's body; therefore, the true location of his body remains a mystery.

paragraph: Benjamin Howard is the namesake of Howard County, Missouri.

description: first governor of Missouri Territory

wikidata_label: Benjamin Howard

wikipedia_title: Benjamin Howard (Missouri)


text: Irishwoman

text: nanny

text: Emperor

text: Nicholas II

text: Alexandra Feodorovna

text: Russia

text: Olga

text: Tatiana

text: Maria

text: Anastasia

text: OTMA

text: Six Years at the Russian Court

text: Limerick

text: Ireland

text: Protestant

text: Belfast

text: Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna

text: Maria

text: Dreyfus Affair

text: Hiberno-English

text: Charles Sydney Gibbes

text: Russian Court

text: Russo-Japanese War

text: Great Britain

text: Japan

text: boarding house

text: nursing home

text: Alexander Palace Diaries

text: "Who was Margaretta Eagar"

categories: Irish memoirists,Women memoirists,1936 deaths,People from County Limerick,Irish women writers,20th-century Irish writers,Governesses to the Imperial Russian court,20th-century women writers,1863 births,20th-century Irish educators,British domestic workers,Irish governesses

paragraph: Margaretta Eagar

paragraph: Margaretta (or Margaret) Alexandra Eagar (1863 — 1936), was an Irishwoman who served as a nanny to the four daughters of Emperor and Empress Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia, the Grand Duchesses Olga; Tatiana; Maria; and Anastasia—known collectively as OTMA—from 1898 to 1904.

paragraph: In 1906 she wrote a memoir entitled "Six Years at the Russian Court" about her time with the family.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Eagar was born in Limerick, Ireland on 12 August 1863. She was one of ten children born to a Protestant couple, Francis McGillycuddy Eagar and Frances Margaret Holden. She was trained as a medical nurse in Belfast and worked at one point as matron of an orphanage.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Time at Court.

paragraph: Eagar was appointed nurse to the daughters of Nicholas II in 1898 and remained with them until 1904. Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna, an aunt of the girls later recalled Eagar's great love of politics. As a toddler, Maria once escaped from her bath and ran naked up and down the palace corridor while Eagar discussed the Dreyfus Affair with a friend. "Fortunately, I arrived just at that moment, picked her up and carried her back to Miss Eagar, who was still talking about Dreyfus," recalled the Grand Duchess.

paragraph: The four grand duchesses began learning English from Eagar and, by 1904—by which time Eagar had left the Imperial Court—had developed a slight Hiberno-English accent in their pronunciation. In 1908 English tutor Charles Sydney Gibbes was brought in to "correct" this.

paragraph: Eagar, who grew fond of all four grand duchesses, wrote in her book that she left the Russian Court for personal reasons. However, it was possible that she was dismissed due to the tense political situation surrounding the Russo-Japanese War, as Great Britain largely sided with Japan.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later life.

paragraph: Eagar received a pension from the Russian government for her time as a nurse. She exchanged letters with the grand duchesses describing her work as a governess for other families up until their murder in July 1918. Family members stated that she remained haunted by the brutal murder of the family for the rest of her life. In later years, she ran a boarding house. She died in a nursing home in 1936, at the age of 73.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eagar, Margaretta, "Six Years at the Russian Court," 1906

paragraph: BULLET::::- Massie, Robert K., "Nicholas and Alexandra," 1967, Dell Publishing Co.,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zeepvat, Charlotte, "From Cradle to Crown: British Nannies and Governesses at the World's Royal Courts," Sutton Publishing, ASIN B000GREBC0

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander Palace Diaries

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Who was Margaretta Eagar"

description: imperial nanny in Russia

wikidata_label: Margaretta Eagar

wikipedia_title: Margaretta Eagar


text: Finnish

text: musicologist

text: music journalist

text: Erik Tawaststjerna

text: matriculation examination

text: classical philology

text: Helsinki University

text: Karlheinz Stockhausen

text: Uusi Suomi

text: Helsingin Sanomat

text: intendant

text: Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra

text: W. A. Mozart

text: Dmitri Shostakovich

text: Mikkeli Festival

text: Lake Puula

text: Hirvensalmi

text: Martti Talvela

text: Aarre Merikanto

text: Oskar Merikanto

text: Roald Dahl

text: Maxim Gorky

text: Daniel Barenboim

text: Garri Kasparov

text: Yuri Lyubimov

text: Testimony

text: Finland's Swedish language

text: Soviet Union

text: Vladimir Ashkenazy

text: Valery Gergiev

text: Sergey Musaelyan

text: Otava

text: hotel room

text: Biblical

text: Aramaic language

text: Päivi Heikinheimo

text: “Heikinheimon varjossa.”

text: “Seppo Heikinheimo.”

categories: Finnish musicologists,20th-century translators,20th-century Finnish musicians,Finnish translators,20th-century Finnish writers,Finnish journalists,Finnish music critics,1938 births,1997 deaths,Finnish memoirists,University of Helsinki alumni

paragraph: Seppo Heikinheimo

paragraph: Seppo Erkki Sakari Heikinheimo (3 June 1938 in Helsinki – 26 May 1997 in Helsinki) was a Finnish musicologist, music journalist, writer and translator.

paragraph: Seppo Heikinheimo's father was the pianist Sakari Heikinheimo. Seppo begun his piano studies with Erik Tawaststjerna, and after the matriculation examination he studied musicology and classical philology at Helsinki University. He defended his Ph.D. thesis in 1972; the subject was the electronic music of Karlheinz Stockhausen.

paragraph: Heikinheimo started his journalistic career in "Uusi Suomi" newspaper in 1959, first as a photographer and then as a writer. In 1963, recommended by Tawaststjerna, he moved on to "Helsingin Sanomat" and worked the rest of his life there as a music journalist. On the top of that, he also worked as an intendant of the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra in the 1970s.

paragraph: As a critic, Heikinheimo was harsh and sharp. He only knew excellence and inferiority; mediocrity was the worst he could think of. He used W. A. Mozart and Dmitri Shostakovich as yardsticks when evaluating musical accomplishments. In the 1960s Heikinheimo was an advocate of musical modernism and radicalism but later became very suspicious of contemporary music, alienating his former friends.

paragraph: In the early 1990s, Heikinheimo was active in starting the Mikkeli Festival. Heikinheimo had a summer villa near Mikkeli in the near the Lake Puula in Hirvensalmi.

paragraph: Heikinheimo's literary output as a writer, translator and editor was wide. He wrote three voluminous biographies, on Martti Talvela (1978), Aarre Merikanto (1985) and Oskar Merikanto (1995), and translated numerous works of fact and fiction into Finnish, including books by Roald Dahl, Maxim Gorky, Daniel Barenboim, Garri Kasparov, Yuri Lyubimov and others. Of special significance is his translation of the controversial "Testimony" by Dmitri Shostakovich which he made directly from the Russian-language manuscript. Heikinheimo is known to have used pen names “Antti Virtanen” ja “Raimo Ontronen”.

paragraph: A categorical and highly controversial person, Heikinheimo was proud of his Finnish fatherland and despised the Finland's Swedish language as the language of the occupiers. He was critical of the Soviet Union but was a friend of many Russian musicians like Vladimir Ashkenazy, Valery Gergiev, Sergey Musaelyan. For a short period of time, he was the chairman of Association of Finnish Culture and Identity.

paragraph: The last vicissitudes of Heikinheimo's life were dramatic: he wrote his memoir but seemed to suffer from an unstable state of mind. After having sent the manuscript to his publisher Otava, Heikinheimo committed suicide in an hotel room in Helsinki.

paragraph: A couple of months later the book was published, with the uncompromising title "Mätämunan muistelmat" (roughly, “Memoirs of a Rotten Egg” or “Memoirs of a Pariah”). It is a book full of vivid and snarky anecdotes from home and abroad, spanning Heikinheimo's whole career, with 924 names in the personal index. Heikinheimo ends the book in Biblical words of the Aramaic language, "Eeli, Eeli lama sabaktani."

paragraph: Seppo Heikinheimo was married to the singer (mezzo-soprano) Päivi Heikinheimo.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Electronic Music of Karlheinz Stockhausen: Studies on the Esthetical and Formal Problems of its First Phase." Translated by Brad Absetz. Acta Musicologica Fennica, 6. Ph.D. thesis. Helsinki University. Helsinki: Suomen musiikkitieteellinen seura, 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stereo-opas." Helsinki: Tammi, 1973. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ontronen, Raimo: "Tehtävä Sorokassa." Hämeenlinna: Karisto, 1977. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Martti Talvela: Jättiläisen muotokuva." Helsinki: Otava, 1978. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aarre Merikanto: Säveltäjänkohtalo itsenäisessä Suomessa." Helsinki: WSOY, 1985. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oskar Merikanto ja hänen aikansa." Helsinki: Otava, 1995. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mätämunan muistelmat." Memoir. Helsinki: Otava, 1997. .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laitinen, Kai: “Seppo Heikinheimo: Mätämunan muistelmat.” "Helsingin Sanomat", 23 October 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lång, Markus: “Heikinheimon varjossa.” "Valitetut teokset: Esseitä ja arvosteluja 1991–2011", pp. 363–368. (Helsinki 2014.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tarkka, Pekka: “Seppo Heikinheimo.” "Helsingin Sanomat", 27 May 1997.

description: Finnish musicologist

wikidata_label: Seppo Heikinheimo

wikipedia_title: Seppo Heikinheimo


text:
MC
British
army
Government whip
Northern Ireland
Parliament of Northern Ireland
Broadstairs
Harrow School
Sandhurst
Black Watch
French Army
King's African Rifles
Second World War
Abyssinia
Military Cross
Englefield Green
Conservative Central Office
1951 general election
St Helens
Hartley Shawcross
President of the Board of Trade
1955 general election
Conservative
Wandsworth Central
Patricia Llewelyn-Davies
Parliamentary Private Secretary
Harold Macmillan
House of Commons
United States
Lord Commissioner of the Treasury
1959 general election
Patrick Gordon Walker
Parliamentary Labour Party
Treasurer of the Household
1964 general election
Dr David Kerr
Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962
Alec Douglas-Home
Baron St Helens
St Helens
County palatine
Lancashire
capital punishment
Point to point racing
Council of Europe
Western European Union
House of Lords

categories: 1912 births,Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst,Recipients of the Military Cross,UK MPs 1959–1964,Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,1980 deaths,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,People educated at Harrow School,People from Englefield Green,Treasurers of the Household,King's African Rifles officers,Black Watch officers,British Army personnel of World War II,UK MPs 1955–1959

paragraph: Michael Hughes-Young, 1st Baron St Helens

paragraph: Michael Henry Colin Hughes-Young, 1st Baron St Helens, MC (28 October 1912 – 27 December 1980) was a British army officer and politician. He served as a Government whip for nine years; after being defeated, he was given an hereditary peerage by the Crown.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Hughes-Young was the son of Brigadier-General Henry Young, a Northern Ireland-born Cavalry Officer who later served as Serjeant-at-Arms for the Parliament of Northern Ireland. He was sent to Selwyn House Preparatory School in Broadstairs, and then to Harrow School; he followed his father into the Army, studying at Sandhurst. In 1932 he joined the Black Watch.

paragraph: Section::::Army career.

paragraph: In 1934, Hughes-Young was attached to the French Army on an exchange programme; in 1935 he was seconded to the King's African Rifles. On the outbreak of the Second World War he married Elizabeth Blakiston-Houston, also from Northern Ireland. He fought against Italy in Abyssinia, and later returned to Britain where he participated in the invasion of Europe; he was wounded twice and won the Military Cross.

paragraph: Section::::Politics.

paragraph: Hughes-Young left the army, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, in 1947, and settled in Englefield Green in Surrey. He became an official of Conservative Central Office in the publicity department. At the 1951 general election, he fought St Helens against Hartley Shawcross, the President of the Board of Trade in the Labour government; this was a safe Labour constituency but it gave Hughes-Young much experience of fighting an election campaign.

paragraph: Section::::Election to Parliament.

paragraph: Prior to the 1955 general election Hughes-Young was selected as Conservative candidate for Wandsworth Central, a marginal seat. The Labour incumbent Richard Adams retired and Hughes-Young beat Labour's new candidate, Patricia Llewelyn-Davies, by just over 1,000 votes. He took until December to make his maiden speech, which was in a debate on raising the level of National Assistance; he argued that many people resented receiving it because it was charity which brought shame on their family.

paragraph: Section::::Whip's Office.

paragraph: Hughes-Young served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Minister of State, Board of Trade for some months in 1956. Harold Macmillan appointed Hughes-Young as an Assistant Whip when he became Prime Minister in January 1957. This silenced him in the Chamber of the House of Commons (because whips were not supposed to speak), although it was an unpaid post. In 1958 he was part of a Parliamentary delegation to the United States. He was also a member of a team of Ministers who went round the country making speeches in support of the government in September 1958. The next month, he was promoted to be a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, a paid whip's role.

paragraph: He had a tough fight against the same Labour opponent in the 1959 general election, but increased his majority to 1,972. He was designated as Deputy Government Chief Whip. In December 1961, he was involved in an outbreak of "grave disorder" in the Commons Chamber when he moved the closure of a debate before the Labour opposition spokesman, Patrick Gordon Walker had had chance to speak. This act provoked a lengthy dispute between the Parliamentary Labour Party and the Deputy Speaker. It did not harm his career as in March 1962 he was promoted to be Treasurer of the Household.

paragraph: Section::::Defeat.

paragraph: At the 1964 general election, Hughes-Young faced another challenge from Labour, who had selected Dr David Kerr; in his election address he pointed to the fact that Labour had opposed the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 and asked how the local housing situation would cope without restrictions on immigration. In line with the national swing, Labour gained the constituency by 2,245 votes.

paragraph: Section::::Peerage.

paragraph: Sir Alec Douglas-Home gave Hughes-Young a hereditary peerage in his resignation honours list. He took the title Baron St Helens, of St Helens in the County palatine of Lancashire. His maiden speech on 10 March 1965 was on immigration; a month later he called for some of the commons on the outskirts of London to be used for temporary housing. He opposed the Bill to suspend the use of capital punishment. In March 1970 his elder son Patrick died from injuries received in Point to point racing.

paragraph: He was named in the UK Delegation to attend the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and Western European Union in 1970, and introduced a debate on housing in the House of Lords that May, opposing any reductions in the rate of house building and highlighting the breaking of an election pledge by the Labour government.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Who Was Who", A & C Black

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. Stenton and S. Lees, "Who's Who of British MPs", Vol. IV (Harvester Press, 1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary, "The Times", 31 December 1980

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Times House of Commons 1951"

description: British politician


text: Italian

text: Cardinal

text: Catholic Church

text: Archbishop of Palermo

text: cardinalate

text: San Benedetto Po

text: Province of Mantua

text: diocesan

text: seminary

text: licentiate in theology

text: philosophy

text: Pontifical Biblical Institute

text: Rome

text: ordained

text: priesthood

text: Pontifical Urbaniana University

text: Monsignor

text: Protonotary Apostolic

text: Pontifical Lateran University

text: rector

text: science

text: Catholicism

text: Archbishop of Palermo

text: Pope Pius XII

text: episcopal consecration

text: Giuseppe Cardinal Pizzardo

text: co-consecrators

text: Cardinal-Priest

text: S. Sabina

text: consistory

text: tailor

text: Sacred College

text: participated

text: 1958 papal conclave

text: Pope John XXIII

text: papabili

text: conclave

text: Palermo

text: Francisco Franco

text: Communism

text: Danilo Dolci

text: Salvatore Giuliano

text: the Mafia

text: Sicily

text: reform

text: Second Vatican Council

text: Coetus Internationalis Patrum

text: Alfredo Ottaviani

text: Augustin Bea

text: preparatory session of the Council

text: anti-Semitism

text: Jew

text: Christianity

text: Gaudium et spes

text: Sacrosanctum Concilium

text: Dignitatis humanae

text: cardinal electors

text: 1963 papal conclave

text: Pope Paul VI

text: heart attack

text: creationist

categories: Roman Catholic archbishops of Palermo,Christian creationists,Coetus Internationalis Patrum,Cardinals created by Pope Pius XII,Italian cardinals,People from the Province of Mantua,Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas alumni,Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education,Pontifical Biblical Institute faculty,Participants in the Second Vatican Council,1888 births,1967 deaths

paragraph: Ernesto Ruffini

paragraph: Ernesto Ruffini (19 January 1888 – 11 June 1967) was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Palermo from 1945 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1946 by Pope Pius XII.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ruffini was born in San Benedetto Po in the Province of Mantua, and studied at the diocesan seminary of Mantua, the Pontifical Theological Faculty of Northern Italy (obtaining his licentiate in theology), and the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum) (licentiate in philosophy) and Pontifical Biblical Institute (diploma to teach Biblical Science) in Rome. He was ordained to the priesthood on 10 July 1910, and finished his studies in 1912.

paragraph: Ruffini taught at the Major Roman Seminary (1913–1930), and then the Pontifical Urbaniana University (1917–1929). Raised to the rank of Monsignor in 1925, he was appointed Secretary of the Congregation of Seminaries and Universities on 28 October 1928. Ruffini was made a Protonotary Apostolic on 15 June 1931. In 1930, Ruffini was made Prefect of Studies at the Pontifical Lateran University, of which he was named rector "magnifico" in the following year. Noted for his interest in science, Ruffini founded the Medical Biological Union of St. Luke, examining the relationships between Catholicism and science, in 1944.

paragraph: On 11 October 1945, he was named Archbishop of Palermo by Pope Pius XII. Ruffini received his episcopal consecration on the following 8 December from Giuseppe Cardinal Pizzardo, with Archbishop Francesco Duca and Bishop Domenico Menna serving as co-consecrators. Ruffini was created Cardinal-Priest of "S. Sabina" by Pius XII in the consistory of 18 February 1946. He was the first cardinal-designate to place his wardrobe order to the Gamarelli episcopal tailors, which he did the same morning as the announcement of his elevation to the Sacred College. He later participated in the 1958 papal conclave, which selected Pope John XXIII. Cardinal Ruffini was also among the "papabili" at that conclave.

paragraph: During his tenure as Palermo's archbishop, he supported Francisco Franco, but protested against Communism and anti-Mafia activist Danilo Dolci. He also demanded that the Sicilian bandit Salvatore Giuliano cease murdering within Palermo, and was cautious to be tricked into implying that the Mafia was the main problem of Sicily. To a journalist's question of "What is the Mafia?" he responded: "So far as I know, it could be a brand of detergent."

paragraph: A stern opponent of reform, he attended the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), and sat on its Board of Presidency. Ruffini was also part of the conservative-minded study group Coetus Internationalis Patrum at the council. He was forced to intervene in a heated discussion between Cardinals Alfredo Ottaviani and Augustin Bea in the course of the last preparatory session of the Council. During the discussion on the Council's proposed declaration against anti-Semitism, Cardinal Ruffini accused the document of being overly kind to the Jews, whom he saw as hostile to Christianity. He also disapproved of "Gaudium et spes", "Sacrosanctum Concilium", and "Dignitatis humanae".

paragraph: Cardinal Ruffini was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 1963 papal conclave, which selected Pope Paul VI.

paragraph: He died from a heart attack in Palermo, at age 79. Ruffini is buried in the shrine of "Madonna dei Rimedi".

paragraph: Section::::Miscellaneous.

paragraph: BULLET::::- While still a priest, Ruffini also served as president of the Academy of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He collaborated with John XXIII in deciding to convene the Second Vatican Council.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ruffini was a creationist.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Theory of Evolution Judged by Reason and Faith" (Translated by Rev. Francis O'Hanlon, 1959)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giuseppe Petralia: "Il Cardinale Ernesto Ruffini, arcivescovo di Palermo." Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 1989.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angelo Romano: "Ernesto Ruffini." Sciascia, Caltanissetta 2002.

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Ernesto Ruffini

wikipedia_title: Ernesto Ruffini


text:
Roman Catholic
bishop of Hong Kong
Nam Hoi
Vicar Capitular
heart attack
Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong
His Biography by the Catholic Church

categories: 1974 deaths,Roman Catholic titular bishops,Bishops of Hong Kong,1922 births,Chinese Roman Catholic bishops,20th-century Roman Catholic bishops,People from Guangzhou,Cantonese people

paragraph: Peter Lei

paragraph: Peter Lei Wang-Kei 李宏基主教 (March 29, 1922 – July 23, 1974) was the fourth Roman Catholic bishop of Hong Kong.

paragraph: Born in Nam Hoi, Lei was ordained priest on 6 July 1955 and Appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Hong Kong 3 July 1971, appointed Titular Bishop of Octaba 8 September 1971.

paragraph: He was sworn in as the Vicar Capitular on May 23, 1973. Appointed Bishop of Hong Kong on December 21, 1973 and installed on April 22, 1974, he died not long afterwards on July 23, 1974 of sudden heart attack.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- His Biography by the Catholic Church

alias:
Peter Wang-Kei Lei
Bishop Peter Lei Wang-kei

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Peter Lei

wikipedia_title: Peter Lei


text:
Early Netherlandish
Antwerp school
Leuven
Karel van Mander
Joachim Patinir
Low Countries
Tournai
Bruges
Ghent
Brussels
Mechelen
Guild of Saint Luke
Carel van Mander
Dirk Bouts
Hans Memling
Rogier Van der Weyden
Van Eyck
guild of painters
The Ugly Duchess
The Money Changer and His Wife
Louvre
Windsor
Berlin
Amsterdam
Lucretia
Vienna
Mannerist
Thomas More
Latin
Maximilian of Austria
Jan Mabuse
Holbein
Dürer
Joachim Patinir
Ecce Homo
Mater Dolorosa
Leonardo da Vinci
The Virgin and Child with St. Anne
Bible
Cornelius van der Geest
A Grotesque Old Woman
John Tenniel
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Paget's disease
Margaret, Countess of Tyrol
Convento da Madre de Deus
Lisbon
Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga
Worcester Art Museum
J. Paul Getty Museum
Jan Matsys
Cornelis Matsys
Quentin Metsys the Younger
artist of the Tudor court
Elizabeth I of England
Peter Paul Rubens
Pierce Egan the Younger
Joiners' Guild Altarpiece
Ill-Matched Marriage

categories: 1466 births,1530 deaths,Flemish painters,16th-century Flemish painters,Early Netherlandish painters,People from Leuven

paragraph: Quentin Matsys

paragraph: Quentin Massys () (1466–1530) was a Flemish painter in the Early Netherlandish tradition and a founder of the Antwerp school. He was born in Leuven. There is a tradition alleging that he was trained as an ironsmith before becoming a painter. Matsys was active in Antwerp for over 20 years, creating numerous works with religious roots and satirical tendencies.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Most early accounts of Massys' life are composed primarily of legend and very little contemporary accounts exist of the nature of his activities or character. According to J. Molanus' "Historiae Lovaniensium" Massys is known to be a native of Leuven with humble beginnings as an ironsmith. One of four children, Massys was born to Joost Matsys (d. 1483) and Catherine van Kincken sometime between 4 April and 10 September 1466. Legend states that Matsys abandoned his career as a blacksmith to woo his wife, who found painting to be a more romantic profession, though Karel van Mander claimed this to be false, and the real reason was a sickness during which he was too weak to work at the smithy and instead decorated prints for the carnival celebrations. Documented donations and possessions of Joost Matsys indicate that the family had a respectable income and that financial need was most likely not the reason Matsys turned to painting. During the period in which Matsys was active in Antwerp he took only four apprentices: Arian van Overbeke (master 1501, inscribed 1495), Willem Muelenbroec (inscribed 1501), Eduart Portugalois (master 1506, inscribed 1504), and Hennen Boeckmakere (inscribed 1510). It is widely believed that Joachim Patinir studied with Matsys at some point during his career and contributed to several of his landscapes. Lack of guild records during this time leaves Matsys' travels to Italy and other parts of the Low Countries as part of his training open to question. For the most part, foreign influences on Matsys are inferred from his paintings and are considered to be a large portion of the artist's training during the 16th century.

paragraph: Section::::Work in Leuven.

paragraph: During the greater part of the 15th century, the centres in which the painters of the Low Countries most congregated were Tournai, Bruges, Ghent and Brussels. Leuven gained prominence toward the close of this period, employing workmen from all of the crafts including Matsys. Not until the beginning of the 16th century did Antwerp take the lead which it afterward maintained against Bruges, Ghent, Brussels, Mechelen and Leuven. Because no guild records were kept prior to 1494 in Leuven there is no concrete proof that Matsys attained his master's status there; however, historians generally accept this to be the location of his early training because he had not been previously registered in Antwerp as an apprentice. As a member of Antwerp's Guild of Saint Luke, Matsys is considered to be one of its first notable artists. Existing records of guild laws and regulations from the 16th century indicate that it is highly unlikely that Matsys was self-taught, despite accounts in Carel van Mander's "Schilderboeck" (1604) stating that Matsys studied under no artist.

paragraph: Section::::Style.

paragraph: Although the roots of Matsys' training are unknown, his style reflects the artistic qualities of Dirk Bouts, who brought to Leuven the influence of Hans Memling and Rogier Van der Weyden. When Matsys settled at Antwerp at the age of twenty-five, his own style contributed importantly to reviving Flemish art along the lines of Van Eyck and Van der Weyden. Matsys departed from Leuven in 1491 when he became a master in the guild of painters at Antwerp. His most well known satirical works include "The Ugly Duchess" (1515), "A Portrait of an Elderly Man" (1513), and "The Money Changer and His Wife" (1514), all of which provide commentary on human feeling and society in general. He also painted religious altarpieces and triptych panels, the most famous of which was built for the Church of Saint Peter in Leuven.

paragraph: Matsys work is considered to contain strong religious feeling—characteristic of traditional Flemish works—and is accompanied by a realism that often favored the grotesque. Matsys' firmness of outline, clear modelling and thorough finish of detail stem from Van de Weyden's influence; from the Van Eycks and Memling by way of Dirck Bouts, the glowing richness of transparent pigments. Matsys' works generally reflect earnestness in expression, minutely detailed renderings, and subdued effects in light and shade. Like most Flemish artists of the time he paid a great deal of attention to jewelry, edging of garments, and ornamentation in general.

paragraph: Most of the emphasis in his works lies not upon atmosphere, which is in fact given very little attention, but to the literalness of caricature: emphasizing the melancholy refinement of saints, the brutal gestures and grimaces of gaolers and executioners. Strenuous effort is devoted to the expression of individual character. A satirical tendency may be seen in the pictures of merchant bankers (Louvre and Windsor), revealing their greed and avarice. His other impulse, dwelling on the feelings of tenderness, may be noted in two replicas of the Virgin and Child at Berlin and Amsterdam, where the ecstatic kiss of the mother seems rather awkward. An expression of acute despair may be seen in a "Lucretia" in the museum at Vienna. The remarkable glow of the colour in these works; however, makes the Mannerist exaggerations palatable.

paragraph: Matsys had considerable skill as a portrait painter. His "Ægidius (Peter Gilles)" which drew from Thomas More a eulogy in Latin verse, is but one of many, to which one may add the portrait of Maximilian of Austria in the gallery in Amsterdam. In this branch of his practice, Matsys was greatly influenced by his fellow countryman Jan Mabuse. Matsys' portraiture exhibits highly personal and individual emotional characteristics that reflect his adherence to realism as a technique.

paragraph: Section::::Influences.

paragraph: In comparison to other Northern Renaissance artists such as Holbein and Dürer Matsys shies away from refined and subtle detailing. Because there are numerous connections between him and these masters, however, it can be concluded that his departure in techniques was deliberate and not an act of ignorance. He most likely met Holbein more than once on his way to England, and Dürer is believed to have visited his house at Antwerp in 1520. Matsys also became the guardian of Joachim Patinir's children after the death of that painter, who is believed to have worked on some of the landscapes in Matsys' pictures.

paragraph: His "Virgin and Christ", "Ecce Homo" and "Mater Dolorosa" (London and Antwerp) are known for their serene and dignified mastery, gaining in delicacy and nuance in the works of his maturity. It is believed that he had known the work of Leonardo da Vinci in the form of prints made and circulated among northern artists (his "Madonna and Child with the Lamb", inspired by "The Virgin and Child with St. Anne", reflects da Vinci's influences). This is largely regarded as proof that Matsys was greatly influenced by Italian Renaissance artists and that he most likely travelled to Italy for at least a brief period.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Matsys died at Antwerp in 1529. He was a religious devotee, despite several of his relatives dying as a result of their faith. His sister Catherine and her husband suffered at Leuven in 1543 for what was then the capital offence of reading the Bible: he being decapitated, she allegedly buried alive in the square before the church. In 1629 the first centennial of Matsys' death was marked by a ceremony and erection of a relief plaque with an accompanying inscription on the facade of the Antwerp Cathedral. Benefactor Cornelius van der Geest is said to be responsible for the wording, stating: "in his time a smith and afterwards a famous painter", keeping in accordance with the legends surrounding Matsys' humble beginnings.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Matsys' works include "A Portrait of an Elderly Man" (1513), "A Grotesque Old Woman" (c. 1513) and "The Money Changer and His Wife" (1514).

paragraph: "A Grotesque Old Woman" (or "The Ugly Duchess") is perhaps the best-known of his works. It served as a basis for John Tenniel's depiction of the Duchess in "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". It is likely a depiction of a real person with Paget's disease, though it is sometimes said to be a metaphorical portrait of the Margaret, Countess of Tyrol, who was known as "Maultasch", which, though literally translated "satchel mouth", was used to mean "ugly woman" or "whore" (because of her marital scandals). His two large triptych altarpieces "The Holy Kinship" or "Saint Anne Altarpiece" (1507–1509) and "The Entombment of the Lord" (1508–1511) are also highly celebrated. Commissioned for the Church of Saint Peter in Leuven, they reflect strong religious feeling and precise detailing characteristic to the majority of his works.

paragraph: Matsys also painted part of the altarpiece of the Convento da Madre de Deus, in Lisbon. The altar is a primitive invocation of the "Seven Sorrows of Mary", with boards still evocative of ""Our Lady of Sorrows"",""Jesus among the Doctors"", ""on the path to Calvary"", ""Calvary"", ""Lamentation"" (all at the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga) and ""Flight into Egypt"" (Worcester Art Museum). Since the convent was founded by D. Leonor, Queen Dowager of King John II of Portugal and sister of King Manuel of Portugal, in 1509, it appeared that the order of this set has been performed once, with some authors ("Firedlander") pointing as the date of making the frames years prior to 1511. His "Christ as the Man of Sorrows" is in the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles.

paragraph: Quentin's son, Jan Matsys, inherited the art but did not seek to expand upon his father's legacy. The earliest of his works, a "St Jerome" dated 1537, in the gallery of Vienna, as well as the latest, a "Healing of Tobias" of 1564, in the museum of Antwerp, are evidence of his tendency to substitute imitation for originality. Another son, Cornelis Matsys, was also a painter. Jan's son, Quentin Metsys the Younger, was an artist of the Tudor court, and painted the "Sieve Portrait" of Elizabeth I of England.

paragraph: Near the front of the Cathedral of Our Lady in Antwerp is a wrought-iron well, known as the "Matsys Well", which according to tradition was made by the painter-to-be.

paragraph: Matsys was a cult figure during the 17th century in Antwerp in addition to being one of the founders of the local school of painting (which climaxed with the career of Peter Paul Rubens).

paragraph: A penny serial by the British author Pierce Egan the Younger entitled "Quintin Matsys" was published in 1839.

paragraph: Joiners' Guild Altarpiece, c. 1511

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ill-Matched Marriage"

alias:
Quinten (I) Massijs
Quinten Massijs (I)
Quentin Massys
Quentin Metsys
Quintinus Mesius
Quinten Matsijs
Quinten Metsys
Quinten Matsys
Quintino Messi
Quinten I Massijs
the Elder Quentin Massys
Quentin Matzys
Quinten Massys
Quinten, I Metsys
Quinto Massei
Quintis Matsis
Quentin Massys I
Quinten I Metsys
Quintin Matsys
Quinte Metsys
Quinten I Messys
Quentin Messys
Quinten I Matsys
Quintin Matsey
Quintin Matssis
Quentin Metsijs
Quentin, the Elder Massys
Quinton Matzius
Quintin Matsis
Quentin Masiis
Quentin Matzis
Quintus Matsus
Quintus Matzis
Quintin Matzys
Quentin Metzis
Quentin Matsis
Quentin Messis
Quinten I Massys
Quinten Massijs
Quinten Massys (I)
Quinten Matsijs (I)
Quinten Matsys (I)
Quinten Messijs
Quinten Messijs (I)
Quinten Messys
Quinten Messys (I)
Quinten Metsijs
Quinten Metsijs (I)
Quinten Metsys (I)
Quinte Maseys
Quintus Mebzius
Quinte Mathys
Q. Matzis
Q. Messeus
ou Le Marechal, d'Anvers Quintin Messis
Metsys
Q. Matzius
Q. Matzys
Quinta Masseus
Quintematsys
Quintin de Smitt
Quint. Messys
Quint Messis
Quintinus Messis
Quintino Messis
Q. Matzyz
Quintus Matreus
Quinte Masseys
Quintin Metsis
Maestro quintino fiamengo
Quintino
Quinte Massys
Quinte Methsis
Quintyn de Smit
Quintin Smith
Quintin Messys
Matzys
Quentin Messius
Maréchal Quintin
Quintius Matzys
Quinte Mathsys
Massys
Quintin Messis
Quinte Matzys
Q. Massys
Quintin Melsüs
Q. Mattzys
Q Matzys
Q. Metzus
Quintyn Matsis
Quintus Matzius
Quintin Metzius
Q. Matsys
Quintin Matys
the Smith of Antwerp Quintus Matzys
quinten massys
Q. Messys
Quinte-Messis
the Farrier of Antwerp Quintin Matsys
Quinte-Mathsys
Q. Matsis
Quentin Massays
Quintus Matsys
Quintus Matzus
Quintine Smitt
Quintin Matsis of Antwerp
Guento Masscis
Quintin Mathsys
Quintin Mesius
Matsys
Quintin
Quinton Matys
Matzys Q
Quintin Matsy's
genannt der Schmied Quintin Messis
Q. Messius
or the Blacksmith Quintus Matrius
Quintin Metsys
Quintyn Massyes
Q. Metsys
Messius
Quintin Matseys
Quintus Metzius
Quinte Matys
Quintin Mattyis
Quintus Metzus
Q. Metzis
or the Blacksmith Quintus Metzius
Q. Messis

description: Flemish painter (1466-1530)

wikidata_label: Quentin Matsys

wikipedia_title: Quentin Matsys


text: trouvère

text: Arthurian

text: Lancelot

text: Erec and Enide

text: Lancelot

text: Perceval

text: Yvain

text: medieval literature

text: novel

text: Troyes

text: Gaston Paris

text: Marie of France, Countess of Champagne

text: King Louis VII

text: Eleanor of Aquitaine

text: Count Henry I of Champagne

text: Philippe d'Alsace, Count of Flanders

text: Erec and Enide

text: Cligès

text: Yvain, the Knight of the Lion

text: Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart

text: Perceval, the Story of the Grail

text: Philip, Count of Flanders

text: Four Continuations

text: Godefroi de Leigni

text: Philomela

text: Ovid

text: Metamorphoses

text: chansons

text: King Mark

text: Iseult

text: Tristan and Iseult

text: Tristan

text: Old French

text: Champenois dialect

text: Geoffrey of Monmouth

text: Wace

text: Erec

text: Lancelot

text: Gornemant

text: Celtic

text: Béroul

text: Anglo-Norman

text: Galgano Guidotti

text: Abbey San Galgano

text: chivalry

text: William Wistar Comfort

text: Latin races

text: Empire

text: Dante

text: Middle High German

text: Wolfram von Eschenbach

text: Parzival

text: Hartmann von Aue

text: Erec

text: Iwein

text: Welsh Romances

text: Mabinogion

text: Peredur, son of Efrawg

text: Geraint and Enid

text: Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain

text: Holy Grail

text: Guinevere

text: Classical

text: Iliad

text: Aeneid

text: Metamorphoses

text: Ovidian

text: novel

text: 12th century in poetry

text: Roger S. Loomis

text: Christoph Bode

text: Archives de littérature du Moyen Âge

categories: Writers of Arthurian literature,French poets,People from Troyes,12th-century births,Trouvères,Holy Grail,12th-century deaths,Chrétien de Troyes,French novelists,French fantasy writers

paragraph: Chrétien de Troyes

paragraph: Chrétien de Troyes () (1135?–1185?, 1160–1191) was a French poet and trouvère known for his writing on Arthurian subjects, and for possibly originating the character of Lancelot. Chrétien's works, including "Erec and Enide", "Lancelot", "Perceval", and "Yvain", represent some of the best-regarded of medieval literature. His use of structure, particularly in "Yvain", has been seen as a step towards the modern novel.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Little is known of his life, but he seems to have been from Troyes or at least intimately connected with it. Between 1160 and 1172 he served (perhaps as herald-at-arms, as Gaston Paris speculated) at the court of his patroness Marie of France, Countess of Champagne, daughter of King Louis VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine, who married Count Henry I of Champagne in 1164. Later, he served the court of Philippe d'Alsace, Count of Flanders.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Chrétien's works include five major poems in rhyming eight-syllable couplets. Four of these are complete: "Erec and Enide" (c. 1170); "Cligès" (c. 1176); "Yvain, the Knight of the Lion"; and "Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart", the latter two written simultaneously between 1177 and 1181. "Yvain" is generally considered Chrétien's most masterful work. Chrétien's final romance was "Perceval, the Story of the Grail", written between 1181 and 1190, but left unfinished, though some scholars have disputed this. It is dedicated to Philip, Count of Flanders, to whom Chrétien may have been attached in his last years. He finished only 9,000 lines of the work, but four successors of varying talents added 54,000 additional lines in what are known as the Four Continuations. Similarly, the last thousand lines of "Lancelot" were written by Godefroi de Leigni, apparently by arrangement with Chrétien. In the case of "Perceval", one continuer says the poet's death prevented him from completing the work; in the case of "Lancelot", no reason is given. This has not stopped speculation that Chrétien did not approve of "Lancelot"s adulterous subject. (In which case he seems unlikely to have invented Lancelot)

paragraph: There are also several lesser works, not all of which can be securely ascribed to Chrétien. "Philomela" is the only one of his four poems based on Ovid's "Metamorphoses" that has survived. Two short-lyric chansons on the subject of love are also very likely his, but the attribution of the pious romance "Guillaume d'Angleterre" to him is now widely doubted. It has also been suggested that Chrétien might be the author of two short verse romances titled "Le Chevalier á l'épée" and "La Mule sans frein", but this theory has not found much support. Chrétien names his treatments of Ovid in the introduction to "Cligès", where he also mentions his work about King Mark and Iseult. The latter is presumably related to the legend of Tristan and Iseult, though Tristan is not named. Chrétien's take on Tristan has not survived, though in the introduction of Cligès, Chrétien himself says that his treatment of Tristan was not well received, possibly explaining why it does not survive. Chrétien's works are written in vernacular Old French, although it is marked by traits of the regional Champenois dialect (which is still fairly similar to the "standard" French of Paris).

paragraph: Section::::Sources and influence.

paragraph: The immediate and specific sources for his romances are uncertain, as Chrétien speaks in the vaguest way of the materials he used. Geoffrey of Monmouth or Wace might have supplied some of the names, but neither author mentioned Erec, Lancelot, Gornemant and many others who play an important role in Chrétien's narratives. One is left to guess about Latin or French literary originals which are now lost, or upon continental lore that goes back to a Celtic source in the case of Béroul, an Anglo-Norman who wrote around 1150. For his "Perceval, the Story of the Grail", the influence of the story is clearly tied to the story of Saint Galgano (Galgano Guidotti) who died in 1180–1181 and was canonized in 1185: a knight struck by god's vision, planted his sword in the ground that immediately solidified (kept in Abbey San Galgano). However, Chrétien found his sources immediately at hand, without much understanding of its primitive spirit, but appreciating it as a setting for the ideal society dreamed of, although not realized, in his own day. And Chrétien's five romances together form the most complete expression from a single author of the ideals of French chivalry. Though so far there has been little critical attention paid to the subject, it is not inaccurate to say that Chrétien was influenced by the changing face of secular and canonical law in the 12th century. This is particularly relevant for his "Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart", which makes repeated use of the customary law prevalent in Chrétien's day.

paragraph: William Wistar Comfort praised de Troyes' "significance as a literary artist and as the founder of a precious literary tradition [which] distinguishes him from all other poets of the Latin races between the close of the Empire and the arrival of Dante." Chrétien's writing was very popular, as evidenced by the high number of surviving copies of his romances and their many adaptations into other languages. Three of Middle High German literature's finest examples, Wolfram von Eschenbach's "Parzival" and Hartmann von Aue's "Erec" and "Iwein", were based on "Perceval", "Erec", and "Yvain"; the Three Welsh Romances associated with the "Mabinogion" ("Peredur, son of Efrawg", "Geraint and Enid", and "Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain") are derived from the same trio. Especially in the case of "Peredur", however, the connection between the Welsh romances and their source is probably not direct and has never been satisfactorily delineated. Chrétien also has the distinction of being the first writer to mention the Holy Grail ("Perceval") and the love affair between Queen Guinevere and Lancelot ("Lancelot"), subjects of household recognition even today.

paragraph: There is a specific Classical influence in Chrétien's romances, the likes of which (the "Iliad", the "Aeneid", the "Metamorphoses") were "translated into the Old French vernacular during the 1150s". Foster Guyer argues that specifically "Yvain, the Knight of the Lion" contains definite Ovidian influence: "Yvain was filled with grief and showed the Ovidian love symptoms of weeping and sighing so bitterly that he could scarcely speak. He declared that he would never stay away a full year. Using words like those of Leander in the seventeenth of Ovid's Epistles he said: 'If only I had the wings of a dove/to fly back to you at will/Many and many a time I would come'."

paragraph: Chrétien has been termed "the inventor of the modern novel". Karl Uitti argues: "With [Chrétien's work] a new era opens in the history of European story telling… this poem reinvents the genre we call narrative romance; in some important respects it also initiates the vernacular novel." A "story" could be anything from a single battle scene, to a prologue, to a minimally cohesive tale with little to no chronological layout. Uitti argues that "Yvain" is Chrétien's "most carefully contrived romance… It has a beginning, a middle, and an end: we are in no doubt that Yvain's story is over." This very method of having three definite parts, including the build in the middle leading to the climax of the story, is in large part why Chrétien is seen to be a writer of novels five centuries before novels, as we know them, existed.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 12th century in poetry

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Loomis, Roger Sherman (1991). "The Grail: From Celtic Myth to Christian Symbol". Princeton.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. Altieri, "Les Romans de Chrétien de Troyes: Leur perspective proverbiale et gnomique" (1976, A G Nizet, Paris).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Frappier, "Chrétien de Troyes" in "Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages", Roger S. Loomis (ed.). Clarendon Press: Oxford University. 1959.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Frappier, "Chrétien de Troyes: The Man and His Work". Translated by Raymond J. Cormier. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Idris Llewelyn Foster, ""Gereint, Owein" and "Peredur"" in "Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages", Roger S. Loomis (ed.). Clarendon Press: Oxford University. 1959.

paragraph: BULLET::::- K. Sarah-Jane Murray, "A Preface to Chretien de Troyes," Syracuse University Press, 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gerald Seaman, "Signs of a New Literary Paradigm: The 'Christian' Figures in Chrétien de Troyes," in: "Nominalism and Literary Discourse", ed. Hugo Keiper, Christoph Bode, and Richard Utz (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1997), pp. 87–109.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert W. Thompson, "The Additions to Chrétien's "Perceval"" in "Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages", Roger S. Loomis (ed.). Clarendon Press: Oxford University. 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karl D. Uitti, "Chrétien de Troyes Revisited", Twain: New York, 1995.

paragraph: "This article incorporates material from an essay by W. W. Comfort, published in 1914."

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Charrette Project 2 at Baylor University

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dictionnaire Électronique de Chrétien de Troyes complete lexicon and transcriptions of the five romances of this Old French author by ATILF/CNRS-Université de Lorraine and LFA/University of Ottawa

paragraph: BULLET::::- El Grial, including poetry by Chrétien de Troyes set to music by Capella de Ministrers & Carlos Magraner

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography of his works on Archives de littérature du Moyen Âge

description: French poet and trouvère

enwikiquote_title: Chrétien de Troyes

wikidata_label: Chrétien de Troyes

wikipedia_title: Chrétien de Troyes


text:
rally
Sweden
Swedish Junior Championship
Swedish Group N3 Championship
Junior World Rally Championship
Renault
2008
Production World Rally Championship
Global RallyCross Championship
Bryan Herta Rallysport
Kobalt Tools
Junior World Rally Championship
Production World Rally Championship
Super 2000 World Rally Championship
Red Bull
Norway
Cyprus
Mini WRC Team
2012 Rally Sweden
BMW
Prodrive
Global RallyCross Championship
Olsbergs MSE
X Games Brazil
RFK Stadium
Bryan Herta Rallysport
2015
2016
Subaru Rally Team USA
Americas Rallycross
American Rally Association
patriksandell.com

categories: European Rallycross Championship drivers,Global RallyCross Championship drivers,World Rally Championship drivers,Intercontinental Rally Challenge drivers,Living people,Swedish rally drivers,1982 births

paragraph: Patrik Sandell

paragraph: Patrik Sandell (born April 21, 1982) is a rally driver from Sweden. Sandell won the Swedish Junior Championship in 2004 and the Swedish Group N3 Championship in 2005. In 2006, he won the Junior World Rally Championship (JWRC) title driving for Renault. In 2008, Sandell contested both the JWRC and the Production World Rally Championship (PWRC).

paragraph: Sandell joined Olsbergs MSE to drive a Ford Fiesta at the Global RallyCross Championship in 2013. He finished 6th in the standings, scoring two podiums. In 2014 he won a race and finished in the overall championship in 6th place. He joined Bryan Herta Rallysport in 2015, driving with sponsorship from Kobalt Tools.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sandell’s interest in motorsport came as a teenager. He was 16 when he first tried rallycross, and 17 when he ran his first rally. Sandell won his first championship in 2004 when he won the Swedish Junior Championship, and won the Swedish Group N3 title in 2005.

paragraph: In 2006, Sandell contested the Junior World Rally Championship and won the title with a win and three podiums in six starts. Over the next few years, he would continue racing in the JWRC, Production World Rally Championship, and Super 2000 World Rally Championship, earning victories in all three classes. Sandell became a Red Bull athlete in 2009 and won his first two PWRC starts that year in Norway and Cyprus.

paragraph: In 2012, Sandell made his debut with the Mini WRC Team at his native 2012 Rally Sweden and finished a career-best eighth. Mini parent BMW later terminated its contract with Prodrive, and Sandell no longer raced in WRC after the 2012 season.

paragraph: For 2013, Sandell moved to the Global RallyCross Championship and joined Olsbergs MSE. He earned his first podium in his first GRC start at X Games Brazil, and finished the year sixth in points. He replicated that result in 2014, also earning his first career win in a race at RFK Stadium that June.

paragraph: In 2015, Sandell switched to the new Bryan Herta Rallysport team. Sandell would spend the 2015 and 2016 seasons with the team, winning once each year.

paragraph: Sandell accepted a new drive with Subaru Rally Team USA for 2017 and finished eighth in points. He earned his first podium of the season in the first Atlantic City round. In 2018, Sandell continued to compete for the team in the newly established Americas Rallycross series, where he finished third in points. Sandell also returned to stage rally for three American Rally Association events in 2018, winning all three.

paragraph: Sandell will continue to compete in Americas Rallycross for the newly rebranded Subaru Motorsports team in 2019.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- patriksandell.com

description: Swedish rally driver

wikidata_label: Patrik Sandell

wikipedia_title: Patrik Sandell


text: stock car racer

text: Tavares, Florida

text: Apopka, Florida

text: baseball

text: pitcher

text: American Legion

text: fastball

text: United States Army Air Corps

text: asthma

text: University of Florida

text: Daytona Beach Road Course

text: Daytona

text: modified

text: Seminole Speedway

text: Smokey Yunick

text: Bill France

text: Curtis Turner

text: Tim Flock

text: World 600

text: Charlotte

text: Ned Jarrett

text: Junior Johnson

text: Ford

text: burns

text: pneumonia

text: sepsis

text: coma

text: Eddie Sachs

text: Dave MacDonald

text: Indianapolis 500

text: fuel cell

text: coveralls

text: Nomex

text: Joe Weatherly

text: Falstaff Brewing Company

text: Grand National

text: NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers

text: International Motorsports Hall of Fame

text: Motorsports Hall of Fame of America

text: Concord, North Carolina

text: Charlotte Motor Speedway

text: streaming TV

text: NASCAR Hall of Fame

text: Charlotte, North Carolina

text: The Last Good Kiss

text: James Crumley

text: "Fireball" Roberts web site

text: Glenn "Fireball" Roberts at NASCAR.com

text: Glenn "Fireball" Roberts

text: at the

text: International Motorsports Hall of Fame

categories: Racing drivers from Florida,Burials in Florida,Sports deaths in North Carolina,Filmed deaths in sports,NASCAR drivers,Racing drivers killed while racing,1964 deaths,1929 births,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,Deaths from sepsis,20th-century American racing drivers,People from Tavares, Florida,Infectious disease deaths in North Carolina,International Motorsports Hall of Fame inductees,University of Florida alumni,People from Apopka, Florida,Sportspeople from Seminole County, Florida

paragraph: Fireball Roberts

paragraph: Edward Glenn "Fireball" Roberts Jr. (January 20, 1929July 2, 1964) was an American stock car racer.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Roberts was born in Tavares, Florida, and raised in Apopka, Florida, where he was interested in both auto racing and baseball. He was a pitcher for the Zellwood Mud Hens, an American Legion baseball team, where he earned the nickname, "Fireball" because of his fastball. He enlisted with the United States Army Air Corps in 1945, but was discharged after basic training because of his asthma.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.

paragraph: He attended the University of Florida and raced on dirt tracks on weekends. In 1947, at the age of eighteen, he raced on the Daytona Beach Road Course at Daytona, for the first time. He won a 150-mile race at Daytona Beach the following year. Roberts also competed in local stock and modified races at Florida tracks such as Seminole Speedway.

paragraph: "Fireball" Roberts continued to amass victories on the circuit, despite the changes in NASCAR, as it moved away from shorter dirt tracks to superspeedways in the 1950s and 1960s. In his 206 career NASCAR Grand National races, he won 33 times and had 32 poles. He finished in the top-five 45 percent of the time, and in the top-ten 59 percent of the time. He won both the Daytona 500 and Firecracker 250 events in 1962, driving a black and gold 1962 Pontiac built by car builder legend, Smokey Yunick.

paragraph: Section::::Labor union.

paragraph: In 1961, Roberts, temporary president of the Federation of Professional Athletes, was in dispute with NASCAR president, Bill France, over the Teamsters' Union affiliate – the FPA – which he and Curtis Turner had helped organize and which France was trying to disband. Unlike the banned Curtis Turner and Tim Flock, Roberts soon returned to the NASCAR fold.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On May 24, 1964, at the World 600 in Charlotte, Roberts had qualified in the eleventh position and started in the middle of the pack. On lap seven, Ned Jarrett and Junior Johnson collided and spun out and Roberts crashed trying to avoid them. Roberts' Ford slammed backward into the inside retaining wall, flipped over and burst into flames. Witnesses at the track claimed they heard Roberts screaming, "Ned, help me", from inside his burning car after the wreck. Jarrett rushed to save Roberts as his car was engulfed by the flames. Roberts suffered second- and third-degree burns over eighty percent of his body and was airlifted to a hospital in critical condition. Although it was thought that Roberts had an allergic reaction to flame-retardant chemicals, he was secretly an asthmatic, and the chemicals affected his breathing.

paragraph: Roberts was able to survive for several weeks, and it appeared he might pull through, but he took a turn for the worse on June 30, 1964. He contracted pneumonia and sepsis and had slipped into a coma by the next day. Roberts died from his burns on July 2, 1964.

paragraph: Roberts' death, as well as the deaths of Eddie Sachs and Dave MacDonald at the Indianapolis 500, six days after Roberts' crash, led to an increase in research on fire-retardant uniforms. It also led to the development of the Firestone RaceSafe fuel cell. Modern race cars use a foam-filled fuel cell to prevent fuel spillage of the magnitude of Roberts car. Also, fully fire-retardant coveralls would be phased in, leading to mandatory Nomex racing suits. Roberts had lost his close friend, Joe Weatherly, in January 1964 at the Motor Trend 500, at Riverside, California.

paragraph: Many sources reported that Roberts was planning to retire, since he had taken a public relations position at the Falstaff Brewing Company, and that the race in which he was killed was to be one of the final races of his career.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Despite having his career cut short and having never won a Grand National title, Roberts was named one of NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers. Other career accolades he won include induction into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1990, and the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1995. In 2000, the city of Concord, North Carolina, named a street near Charlotte Motor Speedway in his honor.

paragraph: After Roberts' death, NASCAR mandated that all drivers wear flame retardant coveralls while on track. They also instituted the five point safety harness, and the special, contoured drivers seat, as requirements for all NASCAR vehicles.

paragraph: The "Fireball Run", named for Roberts, was started in 2007. This streaming TV "adventurally" series, headquartered at Universal Studios in Florida, covers 40 teams as they compete in an 8-day, 2000 mile race and life-sized trivia game to raise money for missing and exploited children organizations. The Fireball Run is credited with assisting in the recovery of 38 missing children.

paragraph: In 2013 Roberts was nominated for induction in the NASCAR Hall of Fame in Charlotte, North Carolina, and he was included in the 2014 induction ceremony.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: The novel "The Last Good Kiss" by James Crumley features an alcoholic bulldog named Fireball Roberts.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fireball" Roberts web site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Glenn "Fireball" Roberts at NASCAR.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Glenn "Fireball" Roberts at the International Motorsports Hall of Fame

paragraph: BULLET::::- Glenn "Fireball" Roberts website and career stats by son-in-law

description: American racecar driver

wikidata_label: Fireball Roberts

wikipedia_title: Fireball Roberts


text: Willesley Hall

text: Derbyshire

text: High Sheriff of Derbyshire

text: Leicester

text: Sir Charles Hastings, 1st Baronet

text: Willesley

text: High Sheriff of Derbyshire

text: Frank Abney Hastings

text: Zante

text: Blackfordby

text: Packington

text: Lady Edith Maud Rawdon-Hastings

categories: 1792 births,People from Derbyshire (before 1897),Place of death missing,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom,UK MPs 1826–1830,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,UK MPs 1830–1831,1858 deaths,High Sheriffs of Derbyshire

paragraph: Charles Abney-Hastings

paragraph: Sir Charles Abney Hastings, 2nd Baronet (1 October 1792 – 30 July 1858) of Willesley Hall, Derbyshire was both High Sheriff of Derbyshire and an MP for Leicester from 1826 to 1831.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Abney-Hastings was the elder son of General Sir Charles Hastings, 1st Baronet, by the daughter and heir of Thomas Abney Esq. He was born in 1792, probably in Willesley and succeeded his father in 1823, assuming, after his maternal grandfather, the additional name of Abney before that of Hastings, by Royal Licence 1 December 1823. It was a condition of an Abney ancestor that whoever received the manors took up the surname Abney. Sir Charles was High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1825 and was MP for Leicester from 1826 to 1831.

paragraph: Charles' brother, Frank Abney Hastings, who might have inherited the title or fathered an heir, died a hero in 1828 at Zante.

paragraph: Hastings died on 30 July 1858, aged 66. By a deed of settlement executed about 1846 the Blackfordby and Packington estates of Sir Charles passed to Henry Rawdon-Hastings, 4th Marquess of Hastings. Willesley Hall and its estate were left to Lady Edith Maud Rawdon-Hastings, later Countess of Loudoun, the Marquess' eldest sister and wife of Charles Frederick Clifton Esq.

paragraph: Charles Frederick Clifton and his wife assumed by Act of Parliament in 1859 the surname and arms of Abney-Hastings. This was required by the conditions of Charles Abney Hastings' will. His will required that this name change should be done by "sanction of Queen, Lords and Commons namely by an Act of Parliament".

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Sir Charles Abney-Hastings, 2nd Baronet

wikipedia_title: Charles Abney-Hastings


text: née

text: Elias, Duke of Parma

text: Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria

text: Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria

text: Infanta of Spain

text: Spanish Royal Family

text: Juan Carlos I of Spain

text: Vienna

text: Austria-Hungary

text: Madrid

text: Spain

text: Boris III of Bulgaria

text: Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

text: Otto, Crown Prince of Austria

text: Queen Anne of Romania

text: Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria

text: Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies

text: Mercedes, Princess of Asturias

text: Vienna

text: Austria

text: Duchess of Salerno

text: Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria

text: Princess Anne of Orléans

text: Duchess of Syracuse

text: heir general

text: kings of Navarre

text: Maria Beatrice of Savoy

text: Jacobite pretender

text: England

text: Scotland

text: France

text: Ireland

text: Francis IV, Duke of Modena

text: 1190th Dame

text: Order of Queen Maria Luisa

categories: House of Bourbon-Parma,20th-century Roman Catholics,Princesses of Bourbon-Two Sicilies,Dames of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa,House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies,Spanish infantas,Princesses of Bourbon-Parma,Dames Grand Cross of Justice of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George,People from Vienna,1917 births,2017 deaths,Duchesses of Calabria,21st-century Roman Catholics,Austrian Roman Catholics

paragraph: Infanta Alicia, Duchess of Calabria

paragraph: Infanta Alicia of Spain, Duchess of Calabria (née: "Princess Alicia Maria Teresa Francesca Luisa Pia Anna Valeria of Bourbon-Parma"; 13 November 1917 – 28 March 2017) was a daughter of Elias, Duke of Parma, and Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria. Alicia was Duchess of Calabria through her marriage to Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria (1901–1964). She bore the title of Infanta of Spain from 1936, and took part in some of the activities that the Spanish Royal Family organises. Through marriage, she was maternal half-aunt of Juan Carlos I of Spain. She was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary, and died in Madrid, Spain. She was paternal first cousin of Boris III of Bulgaria, and paternal half-first cousin of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Otto, Crown Prince of Austria and Queen Anne of Romania.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Alicia married Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria (30 November 1901 – 3 February 1964), her second cousin and the eldest child and son of Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and his wife Mercedes, Princess of Asturias, on 16 April 1936 in Vienna, Austria. Alicia and Alfonso had three children: seventeen grandchildren and thirty-eight great-grandchildren:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Teresa María of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duchess of Salerno (6 February 1937) she married Iñigo Moreno y Arteaga, 12th Marquess of Laula on 16 April 1961. They have seven children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria (16 January 1938 – 5 October 2015) he married Princess Anne of Orléans on 11 May 1965. They have five children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Inés María of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duchess of Syracuse (18 February 1940) she married Don Luis de Morales y Aguado on 21 January 1965. They have five children.

paragraph: Section::::Genealogy.

paragraph: Alicia was the heir general of the kings of Navarre. If the marriage of Maria Beatrice of Savoy to her uncle is deemed illegal by English law, then Alicia, as heir of Maria Beatrice's next sister, would have been the Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland. English and Scots law in 1688 stated that a marriage contracted outside of the realms was not challenged if it was legal in its own land; thus, since Maria Beatrice and her mother's brother Francis IV, Duke of Modena, received the Pope's consent to marry, Alicia was not considered a claimant by the Jacobites.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1917–1936: "Her Royal Highness" Princess Alicia of Bourbon-Parma

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936–1960: "Her Royal Highness" Infanta Alicia of Spain, Princess of Bourbon-Parma

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960–1964: "Her Royal Highness" The Duchess of Calabria

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964–2017: "Her Royal Highness" The Dowager Duchess of Calabria, Infanta of Spain

paragraph: Section::::Titles, styles, honours and arms.:Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- : 1190th Dame of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa –

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dame Grand Cross of Justice of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George (1960). –

description: Duchess of Calabria

wikidata_label: Infanta Alicia

wikipedia_title: Infanta Alicia, Duchess of Calabria


text:
baseball
Jack Aragon
Major League Baseball
New York Yankees
Cuban League
Baseball Reference (MLB)
Baseball Reference (Minors)
The Deadball Era (obituary)

categories: Richmond Climbers players,Major League Baseball third basemen,Habana players,Danville Leafs players,1952 deaths,High Point Pointers players,Memphis Chickasaws players,Major League Baseball players from Cuba,New York Yankees players,Winston-Salem Twins players,Sportspeople from Havana,Richmond Colts players,Scranton Miners players,Long Branch Cubans players,Toledo Iron Men players,1890 births

paragraph: Ángel Aragón

paragraph: Ángel Aragón (August 2, 1890 — January 24, 1952) was a professional baseball player and father of Jack Aragon. Aragón spent his entire Major League Baseball career with the New York Yankees. He played in the Cuban League from 1912 to 1920. Besides, he was also the first Cuban and Latin American player to wear a Yankees uniform.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baseball Reference (MLB)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baseball Reference (Minors)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Deadball Era (obituary)

paragraph: br

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Ángel Aragón

wikipedia_title: Ángel Aragón


text:
Johannes de Grocheio
Harfleur
Norman
Sieur
Montérolier
Pays de Caux
English
Normandy
Hundred Years War
Harfleur
Normandy
Eure
sentries

categories: 14th-century French people,1435 deaths,People of the Hundred Years' War,Medieval French knights,15th-century French people,Normans killed in battle,1354 births

paragraph: Jean de Grouchy

paragraph: "For the French musical theorist, see Johannes de Grocheio"

paragraph: Jean de Grouchy (born in 1354, died on 4 November 1435 at Harfleur), was a Norman knight, the Sieur de Montérolier. Known as "the bravest of the brave" and "Father of the Cauchois" (the people of the region of the Pays de Caux), Jean de Grouchy shed his blood several times fighting against the English in Normandy during the Hundred Years War.

paragraph: Harfleur had been in occupied by the English since 1415, but by 1435 it was the last place they still held in Normandy. Having learned that a number of Harfleur residents were ready to support any attempt against the enemy, de Grouchy, along with the Cauchois leaders, Floquet, Carnier and Lahire, developed a plan together with 104 of the inhabitants of Harfleur. On the night of 3/4 November 1435, while John de Rieux diverted the enemy’s attention with 4,000 mounted troops, he approached the town with the Cauchois troops under his banner to enter at the appropriate time and take the city. A fire lit in the suburbs near the Porte d’Eure by the 104 faithful French residents would be the signal to attack.

paragraph: At daybreak, the English sentries, seeing the high walls of the suburb in flames, gave warning and garrison troops rushed out to extinguish the fire. This was the moment de Grouchy and his men had waited for. They raced up the slope to the breach in the walls where the English had penetrated in 1415 and seized the town, ruthlessly killing their English enemies and anyone else who opposed them. Unfortunately, climbing up a slope at the age of 81 years, Grouchy was one of the 40 attackers that were killed in action. Ten years later, the English returned in Normandy and confiscated the property of the de Grouchy family.

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: French knight

wikidata_label: Jean de Grouchy

wikipedia_title: Jean de Grouchy


text:
Beja
Lisbon
Portuguese
Portuguese Mozambique
Vátuas
Gungunhana
President of the Ministry
Order of the Tower and Sword

categories: 1920 deaths,Prime Ministers of Portugal,19th-century Portuguese people,1866 births,Democratic Party (Portugal) politicians,Portuguese military officers,People from Beja, Portugal

paragraph: António Maria Baptista

paragraph: António Maria Baptista, (Beja, 5 January 1866 - Lisbon, 6 June 1920; ) was a Portuguese military officer and politician. When he was lieutenant, he fought in Portuguese Mozambique, during the wars of pacification against the Vátuas, led by Gungunhana. He was promoted to colonel in 1917. He fought the monarchist uprising of 1919, and was nominated Minister of War in the same year. He, then, distinguished himself during a series of violent strikes, and a year later was nominated and became President of the Ministry (Prime Minister), on 8 March 1920. He died suddenly while in office, after a Council of Ministers reunion, on 6 June 1920. He was posthumously promoted to general and was decorated with the Great-Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword (Ordem da Torre e Espada).

description: Portuguese politician

wikidata_label: António Maria Baptista

wikipedia_title: António Maria Baptista


text: Salt Lake City, Utah

text: Salt Lake City

text: Utah

text: University of Utah

text: Mormon Tabernacle Choir

text: J. Spencer Cornwall

text: Walt Disney

text: Silly Symphonies

text: Frank Churchill

text: Paul Smith

text: Larry Morey

text: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

text: Whistle While You Work

text: Heigh-Ho

text: Some Day My Prince Will Come

text: Pinocchio

text: When You Wish Upon a Star

text: Academy Award for Best Original Song

text: Road to Utopia

text: Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House

text: The Desert Rats

text: The Enemy Below

text: Ten North Frederick

text: Warlock

text: The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters

text: 7 Faces of Dr. Lao

text: throat cancer

text: Long Beach

text: Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery

text: The Goddess of Spring

text: Pinocchio

text: Johnny Come Lately

text: Road to Utopia

text: Nocturne

text: The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer

text: The Boy with Green Hair

text: Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House

text: It Happens Every Spring

text: The Big Steal

text: Monkey Business

text: Pickup on South Street

text: The Desert Rats

text: Broken Lance

text: House of Bamboo

text: The Last Frontier

text: Good Morning, Miss Dove

text: 23 Paces to Baker Street

text: The True Story of Jesse James

text: Perry Mason (TV series)

text: The Wayward Bus

text: The Enemy Below

text: Ten North Frederick

text: Man of the West

text: The Remarkable Mr. Pennypacker

text: Warlock

text: Visit to a Small Planet

text: The Honeymoon Machine

text: 7 Faces of Dr. Lao

text: Strange Bedfellows

text: "A Century of Animation"

text: "Disney Legends"

text: "LDS Film Composers"

text: Finding Aid for Leigh Harline papers

categories: 20th-century American composers,Musicians from Salt Lake City,Songwriters from Utah,American male composers,Latter Day Saints from Utah,Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners,Male film score composers,Animation composers,1969 deaths,Deaths from cancer in California,American people of Swedish descent,University of Utah alumni,Walt Disney Animation Studios people,1907 births,Burials at Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery,American film score composers,Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters

paragraph: Leigh Harline

paragraph: Leigh Adrian Harline (March 26, 1907 – December 10, 1969) was an American film composer and songwriter. He was known for his "musical sophistication that was uniquely 'Harline-esque' by weaving rich tapestries of mood-setting underscores and penning memorable melodies for animated shorts and features."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Leigh Harline was born March 26, 1907, in Salt Lake City, Utah, the youngest of 13 children, to soldier Carl Härlin and his wife Johanna Matilda. His parents came from the village of Härfsta in Simtuna parish, Sweden. They joined The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1888 and moved to Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1891. In the U.S. they changed their surname to Harline. Leigh was baptized a member of the LDS Church at age eight.

paragraph: Harline graduated from the University of Utah and studied piano and organ with Mormon Tabernacle Choir conductor J. Spencer Cornwall. In 1928, he moved to California and worked at radio stations in San Francisco and Los Angeles as a composer, conductor, arranger, instrumentalist, singer and announcer. In 1931, he provided music for the first transcontinental radio broadcast to originate from the West Coast. He was then hired by Walt Disney where he scored more than 50 tunes, including for the "Silly Symphonies" cartoon series in the 1930s.

paragraph: Harline, Frank Churchill, Paul Smith and Larry Morey then scored Disney's first animated feature-length cartoon "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" in 1937. "Snow White" contained several classic songs, including "I'm Wishing", "Whistle While You Work", "Heigh-Ho" and "Some Day My Prince Will Come."

paragraph: Next, he later scored "Pinocchio" for Disney in 1940. The film won Academy Award for Best Original Music Score and the song "When You Wish Upon a Star" won the Academy Award for Best Original Song., it went on to be featured on Disney's opening logo since 1985.

paragraph: Harline left Disney in 1941 to compose for other studios. His credits include "Road to Utopia" (1945), "Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House" (1948), "The Desert Rats" (1953), "The Enemy Below" (1957), "Ten North Frederick" (1958), "Warlock" (1959), "The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm" (1962), "The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters" (1963) and "7 Faces of Dr. Lao" (1964).

paragraph: He died from complications of throat cancer on December 10, 1969, in Long Beach, California, and is buried in Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Goddess of Spring" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pinocchio" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Johnny Come Lately" (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Road to Utopia" (1945)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nocturne" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer" (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Boy with Green Hair" (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House" (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "It Happens Every Spring" (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Big Steal" (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monkey Business" (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pickup on South Street" (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Desert Rats" (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Broken Lance" (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "House of Bamboo" (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Last Frontier" (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Good Morning, Miss Dove" (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "23 Paces to Baker Street" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The True Story of Jesse James" (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Perry Mason (TV series)" (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Wayward Bus" (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Enemy Below" (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ten North Frederick" (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Man of the West" (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Remarkable Mr. Pennypacker" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Warlock" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Visit to a Small Planet" (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Honeymoon Machine" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm" (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters (TV series)" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "7 Faces of Dr. Lao" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Strange Bedfellows" (1965)

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Century of Animation" (includes photo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Disney Legends"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "LDS Film Composers"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Finding Aid for Leigh Harline papers, Archives and Rare Books Library, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio

alias:
Leigh Adrian Harline
00013430534 IPI

description: American film composer and songwriter

wikidata_label: Leigh Harline

wikipedia_title: Leigh Harline


text:
Polish-Jewish
Warsaw
Warsaw Ghetto
Ivo Wesby
the Ghetto annihilation
Mory
Stefania Grodzieńska

categories: Polish male dramatists and playwrights,1911 births,1979 deaths,20th-century Polish dramatists and playwrights

paragraph: Jerzy Jurandot

paragraph: Jerzy Jurandot, born "Jerzy Glejgewicht" (19 March 1911 – 16 August 1979), was a popular Polish-Jewish poet, dramatist, satirist and songwriter.

paragraph: Jurandot was born and died in Warsaw. He first became successful at the end of the 1920s, and in 1930s grew in popularity. As writer, he co-founded the cabarets "Qui Pro Quo" and "Cyrulik warszawski" as well as contributed to other theatres such as "Morskie Oko" and "Banda". He also wrote dialog for the films such as "Ada to nie wypada", "Manewry miłosne" and "Pani minister tańczy".

paragraph: In 1942 he became the literary manager of the revue-theatre "Femina" in the Warsaw Ghetto, working with composer Ivo Wesby. He escaped before the Ghetto annihilation and hid with his non-Jewish friends at an estate in Mory near the city. After World War II Jurandot created and managed the satirical theatre "Syrena" (Mermaid): between 1945–50 and 1955–57. In 1952-55 he acted as director of the "Satirical Theatre" (Teatr Satyryków) in Warsaw.

paragraph: He was the husband of writer, actress and satirist Stefania Grodzieńska.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theater pieces

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Plecy" - (1945)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Takie czasy" - (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trzeci dzwonek" - (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mąż Fołtasiówny" - (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Operacja Sodoma, czyli dziewiąty sprawiedliwy" - (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pamiątkowa fotografia" - (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rachunek nieprawdopodobieństwa" - (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Contributions

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dzieje śmiechu" - 1959

description: Polish writer

wikidata_label: Jerzy Jurandot

wikipedia_title: Jerzy Jurandot


text:
alabaster
Atelier
Florence
Carrara marble
Cimitero degli Allori
world's fair
Philadelphia
Centennial Exposition
Melbourne
Louisiana Purchase Exposition
St. Louis
Sotheby's
Panama-Pacific International Exposition
"Abraham Lincoln" (Frilli)
Ashland, Oregon

categories: Alabaster,19th-century Italian sculptors,Year of birth missing,Italian male sculptors,1902 deaths

paragraph: Antonio Frilli

paragraph: Antonio Frilli (died 1902) was a Florentine sculptor who specialized in marble and alabaster statues for public and private customers.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: In 1860, Frilli established his first and exclusive Atelier in via dei Fossi, Florence, where he worked with a few assistants on medium-size refined painted alabasters and big white Carrara marble statues for private villas and monumental cemeteries. His works decorate famous cemeteries such as Porte Sante and Allori in Florence. A marble portrait of Frilli was carved in his Atelier after his death, and it was placed on his family tomb in Cimitero degli Allori.

paragraph: Frilli and his gallery were well known in Europe, the United States and Australia, as he took part in several world's fair exhibitions. He was in Philadelphia for the Centennial Exposition of 1876, and in 1881 his statues and garden furnitures were exhibited in the Italian Pavilion in Melbourne, Australia.

paragraph: In 1904, two years after Frilli's death, his son Umberto took part in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri, where one of his father's works – a sculpture on a "Woman on a Hammock" in white Carrara marble – won the Grand Prize and 6 gold medals. In 1999, the same masterpiece was sold by Sotheby's with an auction estimate of $800,000.

paragraph: More recently, Frilli's 1892 sculpture "Sweet Dreams", which features a life-sized reclining nude in a hammock and which was exhibited at Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco in 1915, was sold at a Los Angeles auction house. A 2013 novel by Gary Rinehart, "Nude Sleeping in a Hammock", is a fictionalized account of the statue's owners since 1892 and how the sculpture affected their fortunes.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Abraham Lincoln" (Frilli), Ashland, Oregon, U.S.

description: Italian sculptor

wikidata_label: Antonio Frilli

wikipedia_title: Antonio Frilli


text:
industrialist
ironmaster
Tory
Mayor
Wolverhampton
Borough
Leeds
forging
Bilston
railway companies
armour plating
shells
Crimean War
conservative
silver gilt
mace
Thomas Thornycroft
Town Hall
Tipton
public house
Moxley
Tettenhall
blue plaque

categories: 1851 deaths,People of the Victorian era,1791 births,Mayors of Wolverhampton,People from Wolverhampton,English ironmasters,Tory (British political party) politicians

paragraph: George Benjamin Thorneycroft

paragraph: Wealthy industrialist George Benjamin Thorneycroft (20 August 1791 – 28 April 1851) was a successful ironmaster and Tory supporter who became the first Mayor of Wolverhampton, after the Borough was incorporated, in 1848.

paragraph: Section::::Iron and Steel.

paragraph: Thorneycroft moved to Leeds with his family and returned to Wolverhamton aged 18 with a basic knowledge of iron forging which allowed him to join an established iron works in Bilston. In partnership with his twin brother Edward he founded Shrubbery Ironworks in Wolverhampton in 1824. From an initial production of 10 tons of iron a week George used his experience to grow the business and was soon producing 700 tons a week of high quality iron. With skillful marketing he became a key supplier to the fast expanding railway companies. The business continued to grow, even after Thorneycroft's death, and made large profits from production of armour plating and shells during the Crimean War. Along with other businesses in the town the works suffered, during a slump in demand for iron, and closed in 1877.

paragraph: Section::::Politics.

paragraph: An outspoken conservative, his growing stature saw his selection as the first Mayor of Wolverhampton after incorporation in 1848. He donated a silver gilt mace to the Corporation to mark his accession. A statue of Thorneycroft, by sculptor Thomas Thornycroft, now stands at the top of a staircase in the foyer of the old Town Hall.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Thorneycroft was born in Tipton on 20 August 1791, where his parents ran the Three Furnaces public house. He married Eleanor Page of Moxley and lived with his family at Chapel Ash House (now Salisbury House), Tettenhall Road, Wolverhampton. The house now bears a commemorative blue plaque.

description: British politician, Ironmaster

wikidata_label: George Benjamin Thorneycroft

wikipedia_title: George Benjamin Thorneycroft


text:
king
Piedras Negras
Guatemala
Itzam Kʼan Ahk I
Lady White Bird
Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I
Lady Bird Headdress
Lady Kʼatun Ajaw of Namaan
Lady Huntan Ahk
Itzamnaaj Bʼalam III
Palenque

paragraph: Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk II

paragraph: Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk II (born December 29, 664), also known as Ruler 3, was a king of Piedras Negras, Maya city in Guatemala. He reigned from January 2, 687 until 729.

paragraph: He had many monuments.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Birth.

paragraph: He was born on December 29, 664. His father and mother were Itzam Kʼan Ahk I and Lady White Bird. He was a grandson and namesake of Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I, and his grandmother was Lady Bird Headdress.

paragraph: His pre-regnal name was Kooj - "Puma". Upon his accession, he took as his regnal name that of his grandfather.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Reign.

paragraph: Before his accession, he married Lady Kʼatun Ajaw of Namaan. Their daughter was Lady Huntan Ahk.

paragraph: Yoʼnal Ahk displayed a proper reverence for his father by commemorating the twenty-year anniversary of his burial with a burning ritual. Like his father, he reigned for over forty years. He captured a "sajal" of Itzamnaaj Bʼalam III in 726.

paragraph: It seems that Yoʼnal Ahk married one more woman, possibly the one of Palenque. He must have died soon thereafter.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens" by Simon Martin and Nikolai Grube

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk II at Mesoweb

wikidata_label: K'inich Yo'nal Ahk II

wikipedia_title: Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk II


text:
Swedish
The New Church
Sweden
Karlstad
Parliamentary Ombudsman
Casper Ehrenborg
Betty Ehrenborg
Ulla Bring
The New Church
The New Church

categories: 19th-century Swedish women writers,Swedish Swedenborgians,1873 deaths,19th-century Swedish writers,1794 births

paragraph: Fredrica Ehrenborg

paragraph: Anna Fredrica Ehrenborg, née Carlqvist (16 March 1794, Karlstad – 20 May 1873, Linköping), was a Swedish writer. She was regarded as one of the most notable supporters of The New Church in contemporary Sweden.

paragraph: Anna Fredrika Carlqvist was orphaned at an early age and adopted by a burgher in Karlstad. She married the Parliamentary Ombudsman Casper Ehrenborg in 1811 and became the mother of the writer Betty Ehrenborg and Ulla Bring. She suffered from her lack of education, but educated herself by reading, and wished, and was able to pass on her knowledge. In 1824, she became a widow and had to support herself and her five children alone. At this point, she became interested in The New Church and the ideas of Swedenborg. She belonged to the Geijer literary circle in Uppsala and published several religious works, children stories, travel descriptions and other works. She was regarded as one of the leading supporters of The New Church in Sweden.

description: Swedish writer

wikidata_label: Fredrica Ehrenborg

wikipedia_title: Fredrica Ehrenborg


text:
Roman Catholic Diocese of Cremona
Dante Lafranconi
University of Camerino
seminary
Fano
chaplain of His Holiness
parson
Saint Severino bishop
San Severino Marche
Cremona
Dante Lafranconi
Profile of Mons. Napolioni
Official page of diocese of Cremona

categories: Living people,1957 births,20th-century Roman Catholic bishops,20th-century Roman Catholic priests,Bishops of Cremona,People from the Province of Macerata

paragraph: Antonio Napolioni

paragraph: Antonio Napolioni (born 11 December 1957) has been the elected bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cremona since 16 November 2015. He replaced the most rev. Dante Lafranconi.;

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in 1957, he started to study Law at University of Camerino, and after two years he entered in the seminary of Fano.

paragraph: He was ordained priest on 25 June 1983. From 2005 he is chaplain of His Holiness and from 2010 parson in Saint Severino bishop church in San Severino Marche.

paragraph: He was appointed bishop of Cremona on 16 November 2015. He will receive his episcopal consecration from emerit bishop Dante Lafranconi.

paragraph: Section::::Resources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile of Mons. Napolioni "www.catholic-hierarchy.org"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official page of diocese of Cremona

description: Italian catholic priest

wikidata_label: Antonio Napolioni

wikipedia_title: Antonio Napolioni


text: Swedish Army

text: Palestine

text: United Nations Operation in the Congo

text: Congo Crisis

text: Yemen

text: Vittskövle

text: cavalry captain

text: military attaché

text: London

text: The Hague

text: Swedish Army Service Troops

text: World War II

text: Germans

text: Allies

text: Swedish extradition of Baltic soldiers

text: Anglo-Saxon

text: ethos

text: Oslo

text: Copenhagen

text: Northern Småland Regiment

text: Kronoberg Regiment

text: Växjö

text: Malmö Defence Area

text: Palestine

text: Dag Hammarskjöld

text: Congo

text: Congo Crisis

text: Yemen

text: U Thant

text: Trelleborg Municipality

text: Order of the Sword

text: Order of the Polar Star

text: Order of Vasa

text: Order of St. Olav

text: Order of the British Empire

text: Order of Leopold II

text: Order of the Cross of Liberty

text: King Christian X's Liberty Medal

text: King Haakon VII Freedom Cross

text: Kronoberg

text: United Nations Emergency Force Medal

categories: Knights of the Order of the Polar Star,1903 births,Recipients of the Order of Vasa,People from Kristianstad Municipality,United Nations military personnel,Commanders First Class of the Order of the Sword,Swedish military attachés,Swedish Army generals,People of the Congo Crisis,1989 deaths

paragraph: Carl von Horn (1903–1989)

paragraph: Carl C:son von Horn (15 July 1903 – 13 March 1989) was a Swedish Army major general known for his service in various UN missions. He was the chief of United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) in Palestine, the Supreme Commander of the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC) during the Congo Crisis, and commander of United Nations Yemen Observation Mission (UNYOM) in Yemen.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: von Horn was born in Vittskövle, Sweden, the son of cavalry captain Carl von Horn and his wife Martha (née Stjernswärd). The younger brother, Jan von Horn, also chose a military career and eventually became a colonel and military attaché in London and The Hague. von Horn became an officer in the Life Guards of Horse ("Livgardet till häst", K 1) in 1923. He was promoted to captain of the General Staff in 1935 and served in the Swedish Army Service Troops in 1939. von Horn was promoted to major of the General Staff and the Defence Staff in 1942 and was chief of bureau at the Royal Railway Board's military bureau.

paragraph: During World War II he helped organizing prisoner exchange between the Germans and the Allies, but also had to work with the Swedish extradition of Baltic soldiers. As a military man with a strong Anglo-Saxon ethos he called this "the most humiliating moment in modern Swedish history." von Horn was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1945 when he also became chief of the Defence Staff's Communication Department. In 1947, von Horn was appointed military attaché in Oslo, and the following year he moved to Copenhagen where he had received a similar appointment. In 1949 he returned to Sweden and took a position at the Northern Småland Regiment (I 12) and the following year he was promoted to colonel and commander of Kronoberg Regiment (I 11) in Växjö. He stayed there for seven years; in 1957, he was appointed commander of Malmö Defence Area (Fo 11).

paragraph: Section::::UN career.

paragraph: In early 1958, von Horn was appointed chief of United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) in Palestine by Dag Hammarskjöld, and was then promoted to major general. At first he allowed himself "to be optimistic" and he wrote in his memoirs that "instead of fully armed troops, tanks and artillery or even the threat of sanctions, Dag's moral support and my own determination was everything I had." In 1960 he became with short notice the Supreme Commander of the UN Force in the Congo during the beginning of what was to develop into the Congo Crisis, a mission, however, he was dismissed from six months later. von Horn then returned to work for the UN in Palestine. In 1963 he was sent to lead the UN observatory group United Nations Yemen Observation Mission (UNYOM) in Yemen where fighting continued between government troops and rebels.

paragraph: von Horn has been described as an arrogant leader, and also during the mission in Yemen, he quarreled with his superiors. von Horn suddenly resigned in protest and accused the UN not to provide enough resources for the mission, accusations that the Secretary-General U Thant described as "irresponsible and reckless". von Horn had refused to abide by the UN organization's demands for policy adjustments and opposed when politicians wanted to aggravate the situation in the field.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: von Horn was married three times. In the first marriage 1925–1944 he was married to baroness Maud von Otter (1904–1974), the daughter of major, baron Carl-Gustaf von Otter and Elisabeth (née Krook). He married a second time in 1945 to Britt (Bibi) Englund (1919–1962), the daughter of the wholesaler Ernst Englund and Ebba (née Wistrand). He married a third time in 1964 to Elisabeth Liljeroth (born 1932). von Horn died in 1989 and was buried in Källstorp cemetery in Trelleborg Municipality.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and decorations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commander 1st Class of the Order of the Sword

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight of the Order of the Polar Star

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight of the Order of Vasa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commander of the Order of St. Olav

paragraph: BULLET::::- Officer of the Order of the British Empire

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight of the Order of Leopold II

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of the Cross of Liberty, 4th Class with swords

paragraph: BULLET::::- King Christian X's Liberty Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- King Haakon VII Freedom Cross

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gold Medal of the Kronoberg Association for Volunteer Military Training ("Kronobergs befäls(utbildnings)förbunds guldmedalj")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gold Medal of the Kronoberg Shooting Federation ("Kronobergs skytteförbunds guldmedalj")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Swedish Red Cross's silver medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Silver Medal of the Central Federation for Voluntary Military Training ("Centralförbundet för befälsutbildnings silvermedalj")

paragraph: BULLET::::- United Nations Emergency Force Medal

description: Swedish general

wikidata_label: Carl von Horn

wikipedia_title: Carl von Horn (1903–1989)