text:
D.
Portuguese
viceroy of Portuguese India
Luís de Camões
Lisbon
humanist
mathematics
Pedro Nunes
Louis, Duke of Beja
king
Manuel I of Portugal
Tangier
Dom
Duarte de Menezes
siege of Tunis
Charles V
Goa
relief of Diu
Suez
Estêvão da Gama
Vasco da Gama
galleons
carracks
galleys
Arabian Peninsula
Somalia
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Sudan
Egypt
Sinai Peninsula
Louis
André de Resende
Atlantic Europe
Martim Afonso de Sousa
Mahmud, king of Gujarat
Adil Khan
Broach
Malacca
Ceylon
John III of Portugal
Sintra
Francis Xavier
Benfica
Diogo do Couto
magnetism
Pedro Nunes
Baçaim
Atlantic
Indian
Bombay
Jacinto Freire de Andrade
Sir Peter Wyche
Diogo de Couto
Roteiros

categories: Portuguese soldiers,Explorers of Asia,People from Lisbon,Viceroys of Portuguese India,1548 deaths,Portuguese Renaissance writers,16th-century explorers,16th-century Portuguese people,1500 births,Portuguese explorers

paragraph: João de Castro

paragraph: D. João de Castro (7 February 1500 – 6 June 1548) was a Portuguese nobleman and fourth viceroy of Portuguese India. He was called "Castro Forte" ("Stronghold" or "Strong Castle") by poet Luís de Camões. Castro was the son of Álvaro de Castro, civil governor of Lisbon. His wife was Leonor de Coutinho.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: A younger son, and destined therefore for the church, he became at an early age a brilliant humanist, and studied mathematics under Pedro Nunes, in company with Louis, Duke of Beja, son of king Manuel I of Portugal, with whom he contracted a lifelong friendship. At eighteen he went to Tangier, where he was dubbed knight by Dom Duarte de Menezes the governor, and there he remained several years.

paragraph: Section::::Voyages to India and the expedition to Egypt.

paragraph: In 1535 he accompanied Dom Louis to the siege of Tunis, where he had the honor of refusing knighthood and reward at the hands of the emperor Charles V. Returning to Lisbon, he received from the king the small commandership of São Paulo de Salvaterra in 1538.

paragraph: Soon after this he left for India in company with his uncle Garcia de Noronha, and on his arrival at Goa went off for the relief of Diu. In 1540 he served on an expedition to Suez under Estêvão da Gama (the son of Vasco da Gama and then viceroy of Portuguese India), by whom his son, Álvaro de Castro, a child of thirteen, was knighted, out of compliment to him.

paragraph: Died D. Garcia, succeeded him in the government D. Estêvão da Gama, and D. João de Castro was found with him in the expedition to the Red Sea. D. Estêvão da Gama went with 12 large galleons and carracks, and 60 galleys, on 31 December 1540, being D. João de Castro captain of a galleon.

paragraph: This expedition to Suez was truly remarkable, and João de Castro made a detailed roadmap of it, with maps, calculations, pictures and detailed notes from the coasts of the Arabian Peninsula as of those of the countries of today Somalia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt, as far to Suez and to several ports in the shores of the Sinai Peninsula, all included in the "Roteiro do Mar Roxo", which offered to the Prince Louis.

paragraph: Eight months later he returned to Goa on 21 August, having acquired by the experiences made during the expedition, the name of the" philosopher". ""I pay great attention to eclipses of the moon,"" he writes, as also to longitudes and latitudes, fishes, seaweeds, currents, winds,the colour of the Red Sea, and every detail that might concern the art of navigation, to the delight of his friends Pedro Nunes and Prince Louis, who had furnished him with special instruments and other assistance for his voyage.

paragraph: D. João de Castro called for the need of the coordination between the observation and reason, in the case of the navigation: ""This science of navigation is poorly distributed among the men, or because they act like idiots, which for a long time and continuous exercise they reach many particulars, though with all their works are never to gain authority in their office, or those who have no experience, but with much learning and great practice in the science of mathematics, reached the shadow of this art but not the true science.""

paragraph: It is in overcoming this divorce that rooted the ways of science, which reaches an understanding with no epilogue, an open knowledge, in constant motion approach, not compatible with the spirit of the system. João de Castro tell us that the knowledge of science is "come to the truth", that science is "closer to the truth and not the absolute truth": ""We need to consider how much we owe for teaching us how not to ignore the fact that we can be closer to the truth, as are human things that men can learn (...). Not only to be expected by virtue of reaching the truth, but also get close to her.""

paragraph: Unlike other viceroys, João de Castro had much interest in Indian culture and its religion, and even project the creation, in collaboration with of the humanist André de Resende (which he wanted to invite to visit India for this purpose), of a book on Indian art. His estate of Penha Verde, in Sintra, also contains the two famous black stones of Cambay, brought by João de Castro and his son, Álvaro de Castro.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Returning to Portugal, João de Castro was named commander of a fleet, in 1543, to clear the Atlantic European seas of pirates; and in 1545 he was sent, with six sail, to India, to assist Martim Afonso de Sousa, who had been dismissed of the viceroyalty. Seconded by his sons (one of whom, Fernão, was killed before Diu) and by João Mascarenhas, João de Castro achieved such popularity by the overthrow of Mahmud, king of Gujarat, by the relief of Diu, and by the defeat of the great army of the Adil Khan, that he could contract a very large loan with the Goa merchants. These deeds were followed by the capture of Broach, by the complete subjugation of Malacca, and by the passage of António Moniz into Ceylon; and, in 1547, by the appointment as viceroy by king John III of Portugal.

paragraph: After the victory of his Armada in the refief of Diu, he besought the King not to prolong his term of office beyond the ordinary three years, and to allow him to return to the Serra de Sintra, and in his will he says: "I have near Cintra a quinta, called the Quinta of the King's Fountain, which I made, and to which I am greatly devoted because I made it and because it is in a country where my father and ancestors were born". After his victory over the overwhelming odds of Mahmud and of the Adil Khan, D. João de Castro set about rebuilding Diu, and to obtain money sent an appeal to the citizens of Goa with some hairs of his beard in pawn since it was impossible to send the bones of his son, as he had first intended, his death being but recent. The citizens of Goa responded nobly to the appeal, and when the Governor returned to Goa in the spring of 1547. they received him with great rejoicing. His " triumph" ceremony has been often described in the chronicles and tapestry.

paragraph: He addressed the chief officials and magistrates of Goa: ""I am not asham'd, gentlemen, to tell you that the Vice Roy of India wants in this sickness those conveniences the meanest souldier finds in the Hospitals. I came to Serve not to traffick in the East, I would to your selves have pawn'd the bones of my Son and did pawn the hairs of my beard to assure you I had no other plate or hangings in the house to buy me a hen, for in the fleets I set forth the souldiers fed upon the Governour's salary before the King's pay, and 'tis no wonder for the father of so many children to be poor. I request of you during the time of this sickness to order me out of the king's revenue a proportionable maintenance and to appoint a person of your own who may provide

paragraph: me a moderate allowance." "

paragraph: He did not live long to fill this charge, dying in the arms of his friend, Saint Francis Xavier, on 6 June 1548.

paragraph: He was buried at Goa, but his remains were afterwards exhumed and conveyed to Portugal, to be reinterred under a splendid monument in the convent of Benfica. The chronicler Diogo do Couto ends his portrait of the Viceroy thus: ""And for his great charity, temperance, disinterestedness, exceeding love of God, and other qualities of a good Christian, it may be affirmed that he will be receiving in glory the prize and guerdon of all his trouble and toil."" And for the author Aubrey Fitz Gerald Bell: ""by his energy, vigour of thought and action, by his splendid character, humane and resolute, he closed the most brilliant half-century of Portugal's history with a key of gold.""

paragraph: Section::::The Terrestrial Magnetism in the "Roteiro from Lisbon to Goa": the experiences of João de Castro.

paragraph: The ancient Greeks had discovered that a dark stone metal could attract or repel objects of iron. Was the origin of the study of magnetism. At the time of the great sailing, the navigators could not find a ship at sea by the two coordinates, latitude and longitude, the determination of this required a clock on board to indicate the exact time at the meridian of reference, and the astronomical determination of longitude gave unacceptable errors. During the trip to India, D. João de Castro has carried out a series of experiments that succeeded in detecting the phenomena, in particular related to magnetism and the magnetic needle on board. It should be assumed that such knowledge comes from Pedro Nunes, of course the direct inspiration of all the observations he has done in his travels. When on 5 August 1538, D. João de Castro decided to determine the latitude of Mozambique, found the cause that dictated the astonishing uneasiness of needles; noted the deviation of the needle, discovering it 128 years before Guillaume Dennis (1666) of Nieppe, which is recorded in history of sailing as if he were the first to know about this phenomenon. His observation near Baçaim, on 22 December 1538, of a magnetic phenomenon, for which there were variations of the needle because of the proximity of certain rocks, confirmed four centuries later, called local attraction. D. João de Castro refuted the theory that the variation of magnetic declination is not formed by geographic meridians.

paragraph: To the words of Pedro Nunes expressed in "De Crepusculis", which refers the things he had discovered, meditating and investigating, that nowhere he had read before and wouldn't have credit if they were not shown, we can associate the words of D. João de Castro in its Roadmap ("Roteiro") of Lisbon to Goa: ""in this written script many things that will seem strange and impossible, which I wrote fearfully, not because of them were not very certificate, but for fear that I had to out of the common opinion". "

paragraph: The comments made by João de Castro are the most important record of values of magnetic declination in the Atlantic and Indian oceans, in the sixteenth century, and useful for the study of terrestrial magnetism. He made 43 determination of magnetic declination through rigorous measurements of geomagnetic declination over the entire circum-Africa route. The instrument used by him was the "Bussola de Variacão", also developed by Felipe Guillen a decade earlier in Seville. João de Castro undertook many observations and can in a way be considered as one of the discoverers of crustal magnetism. He discovered spatial variations of "Declination" in that Bay of Bombay (near Baçaim), which he attributed to the disturbing effects of underwater rock masses (this is near where the large basaltic and rather strongly magnetized Deccan traps outcrop).

paragraph: In the 1890s, G. Hellman, quoted by Chapman and Bartels (1940), considered Castro to be the most important representative of scientific maritime investigations of the time, and the method he tested was universally introduced on ships and was used until the end of the sixteenth century. It was one of the personalities of this century of European experimental science, linking the importance of this study with the sailing. His name was linked to science for his works which showed a trend for modern scientific spirit.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacinto Freire de Andrade "Vida de D. João de Castro", Lisbon, 1651 (English translation by Sir Peter Wyche in 1664).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diogo de Couto, "Décadas da Ásia, VI".

paragraph: BULLET::::- The "Roteiros", or logbooks of Castro's voyages in the East (Lisbon, 1833, 1843 and 1872) are of great interest.

description: Portuguese explorer

wikidata_label: João de Castro

wikipedia_title: João de Castro


text:
novel
The Career of Nicodemus Dyzma
Being There
Jerzy Kosiński
in the age of partitions
Vitebsk
Russian Empire
Belarus
Vilna
Vilnius
Lithuania
University of Kiev
Central Europe
Polska Organizacja Wojskowa
Russian Revolution
newly reborn Poland
Warsaw
Polish Army
Polish-Soviet War
Rzeczpospolita
"Dołęga" coat of arms
Kariera Nikodema Dyzmy
złoty
US dollar
Invasion of Poland
Cheremosh River
Kuty
Red Army
Stalinist Poland
Powązki Cemetery
Politics in fiction
List of Poles
Kariera Nikodema Dyzmy online

categories: Polish journalists,Polish military personnel killed in World War II,1898 births,20th-century Polish novelists,Polish Army officers,Polish male novelists,Polish people of the Polish–Soviet War,Burials at Powązki Cemetery,1939 deaths

paragraph: Tadeusz Dołęga-Mostowicz

paragraph: Tadeusz Dołęga-Mostowicz (10 August 1898 – 20 September 1939) was a Polish writer, journalist and author of over a dozen popular novels. One of his best known works, which in Poland became a byword for fortuitous careerism, was "The Career of Nicodemus Dyzma" (, 1932). Literary historians believe that the book inspired the 1971 novel "Being There" by Jerzy Kosiński who sparked considerable controversy in the West.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Tadeusz Mostowicz, the son of a wealthy Polish lawyer in the age of partitions, was born on 10 August 1898 at his family's village of Okuniewo near Vitebsk in the Russian Empire (now Belarus). After graduating from "gimnazjum" (high school) in Vilna (now Vilnius, Lithuania), then also in the Russian Empire, in 1915 Tadeusz embarked upon law studies at the University of Kiev while the First World War raged on in Central Europe. He befriended numerous fellow members of the Polish diaspora and became involved in a local underground group of the "Polska Organizacja Wojskowa" (Polish Military Organization, abbreviated ""POW"" in Polish).

paragraph: After the Russian Revolution, Okuniewo was seized by Bolshevik Russia, and Mostowicz's family moved back to newly reborn Poland, where they bought a small village. Also in 1918, Tadeusz moved to Warsaw, where he joined the Polish Army. He fought as a volunteer in the Polish-Soviet War of 1919–21, and was demobilized in 1922.

paragraph: While working at printing houses, Mostowicz sent short stories to newspapers and was finally discovered to be a talented reporter. From 1925 he was on the staff of the daily "Rzeczpospolita" ("The Republic"), one of the most influential newspapers in Poland. About that time he adopted the pen name ""Dołęga"", after his mother's "Dołęga" coat of arms. While a journalist, he began publishing short stories and pamphlets, many of which achieved considerable popularity.

paragraph: In 1928 he quit his journalistic job and devoted himself full-time to writing fiction. The following year he finished his first novel, and in 1930 published it as "Ostatnia brygada" ("The Last Brigade"). However, it was not until 1932 that he became famous as the author of "Kariera Nikodema Dyzmy" ("The Career of Nicodemus Dyzma"), the most popular of his books. Initially serialized in newspapers, the novel proved a major success. Thereafter Mostowicz wrote an average of 2 novels a year. His monthly income is estimated to have exceeded 15,000 złotych, some 2,800 1939 US dollars.

paragraph: During the Invasion of Poland in 1939, Dołęga-Mostowicz was mobilized and served as commanding officer of an outpost defending a bridge over the Cheremosh River at the town of Kuty in southeastern Poland. On 22 September 1939 he was killed in a skirmish with the advancing Soviet Red Army. Resulting from this, most of his books were banned in Stalinist Poland after the communist takeover.

paragraph: In 1978 his remains were exhumed and on 24 November interred at Warsaw's Powązki Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Film adaptations.

paragraph: Most of his novels have been filmed:

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Politics in fiction

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Poles

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kariera Nikodema Dyzmy online

description: Polish writer and journalist, author of over a dozen popular novels

wikidata_label: Tadeusz Dołęga-Mostowicz

wikipedia_title: Tadeusz Dołęga-Mostowicz


text: Royal College of Art

text: Edward Bawden

text: John Nash

text: lithography

text: Charing Cross

text: Hertford

text: Tom Gentleman

text: Glasgow School of Art

text: Hertford Grammar School

text: national service

text: Royal Army Education Corps

text: Camden Town

text: George Ewart Evans

text: Amelia

text: Guardian

text: Jo Johnson

text: Tate Britain

text: British Museum

text: Victoria and Albert Museum

text: Fitzwilliam Museum

text: Suffolk

text: Britain

text: India

text: South Carolina

text: Brazil

text: Shell

text: Oxford University Press

text: Foreign and Commonwealth Office

text: Wedgwood

text: Covent Garden

text: David Mellor

text: House & Garden

text: The Sunday Times

text: New York Magazine

text: RIBA

text: Dulwich Picture Gallery

text: Penguin

text: Swiss Family Robinson

text: John Clare

text: New Penguin Shakespeare

text: London Transport

text: Eleanor Cross

text: Charing Cross station

text: George Ewart Evans

text: The Swiss Family Robinson

text: The Jungle Book

text: Russell Hoban

text: E. M. Forster

text: Faber

text: Siegfried Sassoon

text: Lawrence Durrell

text: Duckworth

text: Shakespeare

text: Churchill

text: Darwin

text: Concorde

text: Battle of Britain

text: Battle of Hastings

text: BBC

text: Good King Wenceslas

text: The Twelve Days of Christmas

text: Ely Cathedral

text: Abbotsbury Swannery

text: Tony Benn

text: Postmaster General

text: Mary Gillick

text: Phillips Gold Medal

text: postage stamp design

text: Royal Mint

text: Monnaie de Paris

text: Entente Cordiale

text: Act for the abolition of the slave trade

text: Bodleian Library

text: National Trust

text: London Transport

text: Imperial War Museum

text: Public Record Office

text: National Trust

text: Stop the War Coalition

text: Parliament Square

text: Royal College of Art

text: Orphee

text: Covent Garden

text: South Carolina

text: Bath

text: Gordale Scar

text: Seven Sisters

text: Suffolk

text: Tate Britain

text: Betjeman, John

text: Blunden, Edmund

text: Clare, John

text: Evans, George Ewart

text: Haggard, F. Rider

text: Jonson, Ben

text: Kipling, Rudyard

text: Wordsworth, William

text: Fine Art Society

text: Fine Art Society

text: Fine Art Society

text: Fine Art Society

text: Fine Art Society

text: The British Postal Museum & Archive

text: David Gentleman: images of postwar Britain

text: Guardian

text: Fifty years of looking and learning for artist David

text: The stamp of a master

text: Guardian

text: In the spotlight

text: Interview

text: The Hindu

text: Outlining India, Gentleman style

text: List of Gentleman's stamp designs

text: Scenes from the streets

text: Gentleman on Stamps

text: The British Postal Museum & Archive

text: Review of "In the Country" by Michael Prodger of The Guardian

categories: English wood engravers,1930 births,English illustrators,Alumni of the Royal College of Art,British stamp designers,Living people,British contemporary artists,English engravers

paragraph: David Gentleman

paragraph: David William Gentleman (born 11 March 1930) is an English artist. He studied illustration at the Royal College of Art under Edward Bawden and John Nash. He has worked in watercolour, lithography and wood engraving at scales ranging from the platform-length murals for Charing Cross underground station in London to postage stamps and logos.

paragraph: His themes include paintings of landscape and environmental posters to drawings of street life and protest placards. He has written and illustrated many books, mostly about countries and cities. He also designed a number of British comemmorative postage stamps.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Gentleman was born in London, and grew up in Hertford, the son of Scottish artists Tom Gentleman and Winifred Gentleman who had met at the Glasgow School of Art. He attended Hertford Grammar School and the St Albans School of Art, did national service as an education sergeant in the Royal Army Education Corps in charge of an art room in Cornwall, and then went to the Royal College of Art. He stayed there as a junior tutor for two years before becoming a freelance artist.

paragraph: He has lived and worked in the same street in Camden Town since 1956, and also in Suffolk, travelling only for work. He has four children: a daughter by his first wife Rosalind Dease, a fellow-student at the RCA, and two daughters and a son by his second wife Susan Evans, the daughter of the writer George Ewart Evans. His and Susan's daughter Amelia, a "Guardian" journalist, is married to the Conservative politician Jo Johnson.

paragraph: His work is represented in Tate Britain, the British Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Fitzwilliam Museum.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Watercolours and drawings.

paragraph: Gentleman paints and draws landscapes, buildings and people, and uses drawing in his design work. Many of his watercolours have been made in London and Suffolk and around Britain, on extended travels in France, Italy and India, and during briefer spells in South Carolina, East Africa, the Pacific and Brazil. He has held many exhibitions of these works. Commissioned series of watercolours have included landscapes for Shell, several Oxford Almanacks for the Oxford University Press, and interiors of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office for the FCO. His drawings and watercolours have been reproduced on textiles and wallpapers, dinner plates for Wedgwood and on a Covent Garden mug for David Mellor. His architectural drawings have appeared in "House & Garden, The Sunday Times, New York Magazine", and on the RIBA's series of Everyday Architecture wallcharts. His most recently published watercolours were made as illustrations for "In the Country", 2014. In 2010, Gentleman was commissioned by Dulwich Picture Gallery to create a design for its Christmas Card.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Wood engravings and a mural on the Underground.

paragraph: Gentleman's early wood engravings were for Penguin paperbacks, greetings cards, wine lists, press ads, and books – "Swiss Family Robinson" and John Clare's "The Shepherd's Calendar". He engraved a series of 32 covers for the New Penguin Shakespeare series. His wood engravings appear on many of his stamps, and in a 100-metre-long mural, his most widely seen public work. In 1978, London Transport commissioned the platform-length Eleanor Cross murals on the underground at Charing Cross station. It shows, as in a strip cartoon, how the medieval workforce built the original cross, from quarrying the stone to setting in place the topmost pinnacle. Its wood-engraved images of stonemasons and sculptors, enlarged twenty times to life-size, mirror today's passengers going about their day's work.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Books.

paragraph: Between 1982 and 1997, Gentleman wrote and illustrated six travel books: "David Gentleman’s Britain, London, Coastline, Paris, India" and "Italy", and more recently "London You’re Beautiful", 2012 and "In the Country", 2014. He also wrote and illustrated four books about a small child on holiday: "Fenella in Ireland, Greece, Spain" and "the South of France."

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Illustration.

paragraph: Gentleman has illustrated many books by other people, including drawings for the cookbook "Plats du Jour". In 2009 he painted watercolours to illustrate "Ask the Fellows Who Cut the Hay" by George Ewart Evans. For the Limited Editions Club of New York City he illustrated "The Swiss Family Robinson," Keats's Poems, "The Jungle Book," and "The Ballad of Robin Hood," and several books for children, including Russell Hoban's "The Dancing Tigers." He has designed many paperback covers and jackets: for Penguin Books, E. M. Forster's novels and the New Penguin Shakespeare wood engravings; for Faber, many watercolours for Siegfried Sassoon and Lawrence Durrell novels; and for Duckworth, wood engraved or typographical designs for scientific and classical works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Stamps, coins and logos.

paragraph: Between 1962 and 2000 Gentleman designed 103 stamps for the Post Office, making him the most prolific stamp designer in Britain at that time. These include sets for Shakespeare, Churchill, Darwin, British Ships, Concorde, the Battle of Britain, the Battle of Hastings, the BBC, Good King Wenceslas, The Twelve Days of Christmas, Social Reformers, Ely Cathedral, Abbotsbury Swannery and the Millennium.

paragraph: His stamp designs included an album of experimental designs commissioned by Tony Benn, then Postmaster General to show how stamps could dispense with the large photograph of the Queen then mandatory, or alternatively replace it with a smaller profile silhouette derived initially from Mary Gillick's coinage head. More than 40 years later, the wider range of subjects, the profile and the simpler designs that it made possible remain a feature of all British special stamps.

paragraph: He won the Phillips Gold Medal for postage stamp design in both 1969 and 1979.

paragraph: The Royal Mint have issued two of Gentleman's coin designs. The first (issued jointly with the Monnaie de Paris in 2004) celebrated the centenary of the Entente Cordiale, and the second in 2007 commemorated the bicentenary of the Act for the abolition of the slave trade. Other miniature design commissions have included symbols or logos for the Bodleian Library, British Steel and a redesign of the National Trust's familiar symbol of a spray of oak leaves.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Posters.

paragraph: Gentleman has designed posters for public institutions including London Transport (Visitors' London and Victorian London), the Imperial War Museum, and the Public Record Office. A series in the seventies for the National Trust, used unconventional designs, photographs and photo-montages; some won design awards. Later, poster-like designs replaced words in his book "A Special Relationship" (Faber, 1979) on the US/UK alliance. Gentleman regretted that these images were not displayed as actual posters. On the eve of the Iraq war in 2003, Gentleman offered the Stop the War Coalition a poster saying simply 'No', which was carried on the protest march. Other march placards followed, including 'No more lies' and 'Bliar'. His largest design was an installation in 2007 of 100,000 drops of blood, one for each person already killed in that war. The bloodstains were printed on 1,000 sheets of card pegged out in a vast square covering the grass in Parliament Square.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Lithographs and screenprints.

paragraph: Gentleman's first lithographs were posters for a Royal College of Art theatre group production of Orphee and a student exhibition, and one of his first commissions was for a large Lyons lithograph. Between 1970 and 2008 he made suites of lithographs of buildings (Covent Garden, South Carolina, Bath) and landscapes (of Gordale Scar, of the Seven Sisters, and of Suffolk subjects). These lithographs were printed in colour and were essentially representational. In 1970 he made six more poster-like screenprints, "Fortifications", published in New York City. A number of these are in the collections of Tate Britain.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Surveys of Gentleman's work.

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Gentleman, 'Bridges on the Backs', in "Parenthesis"; 14 (2008 February), p. 7–9

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The wood engravings of David Gentleman." Montgomery: Esslemont, 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "David Gentleman – Design." Brian Webb and Peyton Skipwith. (Antique Collectors' Club, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Tucker, 'David Gentleman as book illustrator', in "The Private Library"; 4th series, 1:2 (1988 Summer), p. 50–100

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mel Calman, 'The Gentleman touch', in "Penrose Annual"; 69 (1976), p. 157–168

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Books by Gentleman.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bridges on the backs." Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1961.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Design in miniature." London: Studio Vista, 1972. New York: Watson-Gupthill, 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A cross for Queen Eleanor: The story of the building of the mediaeval Charing Cross, the subject of the decorations of the Northern Line platforms of the new Charing Cross Underground Station." London: London Transport, 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "David Gentleman's Britain." New York: Dodd, Mead, 1982. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1982. , 1985.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "David Gentleman's London." London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985. Dodd, Mead, 1985. London: Orion, 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Westminster Abbey." (With Edward Carpenter.) London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A special relationship." London: Faber and Faber, 1987.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "David Gentleman's Coastline." London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "David Gentleman's Paris." London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1991. Paris: Gallimard,1991. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "David Gentleman's India." London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1994. Delhi: Tara Press, 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "David Gentleman's Italy." London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1997 , 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Artwork." London: Ebury, 2002. *

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ask the Fellows Who Cut the Hay." Framlingham, Full Circle Editions, 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "London, You're Beautiful: An Artist's Year." Penguin 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Country." Framlingham, Full Circle Editions, 2014

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Books for children by Gentleman.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fenella in Greece." London: Cape, 1967.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fenella in Ireland." London: Cape, 1967.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fenella in the south of France." London: Cape, 1967.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fenella in Spain." London: Cape, 1967.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Books illustrated by Gentleman.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Betjeman, John. "Illustrated poems of John Betjeman." John Murray, 1994. , 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blunden, Edmund. "The midnight skaters." Ed. C. Day-Lewis. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brooke, Justin, and Edith Brooke. "Suffolk Prospect." London: Faber & Faber, 1963.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, John Russell. "Shakespeare and his theatre." New York: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard, 1982. Harmondsworth: Kestrel, 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, John Russell. "Shakespeare's theatre." New York: Harper Collins, 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clare, John. "The shepherd's calendar." Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evans, George Ewart. "Ask the fellows who cut the hay". Full Circle Editions, Framlingham, 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evans, George Ewart. "The crooked scythe: Anthology of oral history." London: Faber & Faber, 1993. 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evans, George Ewart. "The pattern under the plough: Aspects of the folk-life of East Anglia." London: Faber & Faber, 1971.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evans, George Ewart. "The strength of the hills: An autobiography." New York: Farrar Straus & Giroux, 1985.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evans, George Ewart. "Where beards wag all: The relevance of the oral tradition." London: Faber & Faber, 1970.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Francine" (Cosette Vogel de Brunhoff). ""Vogue" French cookery." London: Peerage, 1984.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gray, Patience, and Primrose Boyd. "Plats du jour; or, foreign food." Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1957. London: Prospect, 1990. London: Persephone, 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grigson, Geoffrey. "The Shell book of roads." London: Ebury, 1964.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Haggard, F. Rider. "King Solomon's mines." Barre, Mass.: Imprint Society, 1970.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hoban, Russell. "The dancing tigers." London: Jonathan Cape, 1977, 1979. London: Red Fox, 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hooker, Jeremy, ed. "Inwards where all the battle is: A selection of Alun Lewis's writings from India." Newtown, Powys: Gwasg Gregynog, 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hornby, John. "Gypsies." London: Oliver & Boyd, 1965.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jonson, Ben. "The key keeper: A masque for the opening of Britain's Burse, 19 April 1609." Tunbridge Wells: Foundling Press, 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kipling, Rudyard. "The jungle book." New York: Limited Editions Club, 1968.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Langstaff, John M. "The 'Golden Vanity'." New York: Harcourt Brace, Jovanovich 1972. Tadworth: World's Work, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Langstaff, John M. "St George and the dragon." New York: Atheneum, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lees, Jim. "The ballads of Robin Hood." Cambridge: Limited Editions Club, 1977.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moreau, Reginald E. "The departed village: Berrick Salome at the turn of the century." Oxford University Press, 1968.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notestein, Lucy Lilian. "Hill towns of Italy." London: Hutchinson, 1963. Boston: Little, Brown, 1963.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pudney, John. "Bristol fashion: Some account of the earlier days of Bristol Aviation." London: Putnam, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simon, André L. "What about wine? All the answers." London: Newman Neame, 1953.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stallworthy, Jon. "A familiar tree." New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steel, Flora Annie, ed. "Tales of the Punjab, told by the people." London: Bodley Head, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stockton, Frank. "The griffin and the minor canon." (With Charles Dickens, "The magic fishbone.") London: Bodley Head, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vallans, William. "A tale of two swannes." London: The Lion and Unicorn Press, 1953.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ward, Aileen, ed. "The poems of John Keats." New York: Limited Editions Club, 1966.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Woodgate, Leslie. "The Penguin part song book." Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1955.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wordsworth, William. "The solitary song: Poems for young readers." London: Bodley Head, 1970.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wyss, Johann. "Swiss Family Robinson." New York: Limited Editions Club, 1963.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.:Solo exhibitions of watercolours by Gentleman.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "India", Mercury Gallery, London, 1970.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "South Carolina", Mercury Gallery, London 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kenya and Zanzibar", Mercury Gallery, London, 1976.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nauru and Samoa", Mercury Gallery, London, 1981.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Britain", Mercury Gallery, London, 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "London", Mercury Gallery, London, 1985.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The British Coastline", Mercury Gallery, London, 1988.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paris", Mercury Gallery, London, 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "India", Mercury Gallery, London, 1994.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Italy", Mercury Gallery, London, 1987.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "City of London", Mercury Gallery, London, 2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "David Gentleman: from Andalusia to Zanzibar", Fine Art Society, 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Recent work, Fine Art Society, 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "David Gentleman at eighty", Fine Art Society, 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "David Gentleman: London, You're Beautiful", Fine Art Society, 2012.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "David Gentleman: In the Country", Fine Art Society, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.:Retrospective exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gentleman on Stamps", The British Postal Museum & Archive, London, 2009–2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Kite Needs the String: the book illustration of David Gentleman", Manchester Metropolitan University Special Collections, 2010–2011.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Gentleman: images of postwar Britain, "Guardian" (article)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fifty years of looking and learning for artist David (interview)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The stamp of a master, "Guardian" interview by John Cunningham, prompted by the publication of "Artwork".

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the spotlight, an interview by Gordon Milne, about Gentleman's stamp designs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview in "The Hindu" about "David Gentleman's India"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Outlining India, Gentleman style

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Gentleman's stamp designs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scenes from the streets Exhibition review Camden New Journal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gentleman on Stamps – an online exhibition produced by The British Postal Museum & Archive

paragraph: BULLET::::- Review of "In the Country" by Michael Prodger of The Guardian

description: British artist

wikidata_label: David Gentleman

wikipedia_title: David Gentleman


text:
American football
Virginia Tech
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
college football
Pennsylvania State University
Rip Engle
Joe Paterno
Iowa State University
Villanova University
University of Florida
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Tim Grgurich
Jerry Tarkanian
Western Michigan University
Dave Braine
Atlantic 10 Conference
Big East Conference
Atlantic Coast Conference
Lane Stadium
Virginia Tech Sports Hall of Fame
Parkinson's disease

categories: 2015 deaths,Iowa State Cyclones football coaches,Deaths from Parkinson's disease,Florida Gators athletic directors,Western Michigan Broncos athletic directors,Penn State Nittany Lions football players,UNLV Rebels athletic directors,1945 births,Penn State Nittany Lions football coaches,Virginia Tech Hokies athletic directors,Players of American football from Pennsylvania,Villanova Wildcats football coaches,Sportspeople from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

paragraph: Jim Weaver (athletic director)

paragraph: James C. Weaver (March 5, 1945 – July 2, 2015) was a college athletics administrator and former American football player and coach. He was the athletic director at Virginia Tech from 1997 to 2014. He was a native of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He played college football at Pennsylvania State University for Rip Engle and Joe Paterno and was later an assistant coach under Paterno. After a year as an assistant at Iowa State University and a season as the interim head coach at Villanova University, Weaver left coaching.

paragraph: In 1983, Weaver was hired by the University of Florida athletics department in the wake of that school's NCAA sanctions. From there, he moved on the University of Nevada, Las Vegas to become the director of athletics in 1991. Weaver resigned in 1994 in protest over the hiring of Tim Grgurich, who had been an assistant under the controversial Jerry Tarkanian, to be the school's new men's basketball coach.

paragraph: Following a short stay as Western Michigan University's director of athletics, Weaver was hired by Virginia Tech to replace the departing Dave Braine. Under Weaver, Virginia Tech's athletics programs moved from the Atlantic 10 Conference to the Big East Conference and then to the Atlantic Coast Conference. Lane Stadium was expanded twice, in 2002 and 2005. His accomplishments on behalf of the university led to his posthumous enshrinement into the Virginia Tech Sports Hall of Fame.

paragraph: He was succeeded by Whit Babcock, after retiring due to health reasons in 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Weaver died on July 2, 2015 at the age of 70. He had Parkinson's disease.

description: American football player and coach, college athletics administrator

wikidata_label: James C. Weaver

wikipedia_title: Jim Weaver (athletic director)


text:
history painter
sculptor
Leipzig
Theodor Grosse
Dresden
Karl Gussow
Berlin
Italy
fresco
Hans von Marées
Arnold Böcklin
Prussian Academy of Art
Dresden Academy of Fine Arts
casein
Otto Lessing
Christian Behrens
Alfred Messel
Loschwitz
fire-bombing of Dresden
mural
Worms
Hildesheim
Danzig
Breslau
Albertinum
frieze
Norse mythology
Rome
Hartwig Fischer
Adolf Rosenberg
ArtNet: More works by Prell

categories: German male painters,1854 births,1922 deaths,Prussian Academy of Arts faculty,20th-century sculptors,People from Leipzig,German sculptors,20th-century German painters,19th-century German painters,German male sculptors,People from the Kingdom of Saxony

paragraph: Hermann Prell

paragraph: Hermann Prell (29 April 1854 – 18 May 1922) was a German history painter and sculptor.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: He was born at Leipzig and studied under Theodor Grosse in Dresden and Karl Gussow in Berlin, then went to Italy to study fresco painting with Hans von Marées, in which style he produced the bulk of his works, despite Marées skepticism regarding his talent. Arnold Böcklin was also a major influence.

paragraph: He became a teacher at the Prussian Academy of Art in 1886. That same year, he married Sophie Sthamer, who was also a painter. In 1892, he was appointed a Professor at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts and remained there until his retirement in 1914.

paragraph: He ranks as one of the foremost German historical painters of his time. He is especially known for his successful use of casein colors in fresco. In later life, he executed sculptures and collaborated on several projects with Otto Lessing, Christian Behrens and Alfred Messel. He maintained a studio in a villa on the banks of Elbe from 1897 until his death in Loschwitz in 1922.

paragraph: Many of his works, especially his easel paintings, were destroyed during the fire-bombing of Dresden in 1945.

paragraph: His brother was the landscape painter, and his son, was a zoologist.

paragraph: Section::::Notable works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleven murals symbolizing the "Principal Epochs in the History of Architecture" (1881–82, Banquet Hall, Architects' Union, Berlin)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Justice" and "Valor" and "Henry IV Granting Privileges to Worms in 1074" (City Hall, Worms)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cycles of historic episodes and allegorical scenes, respectively, in the city halls at Hildesheim (1888–91) and Danzig (1896) and over the staircase of the Breslau Museum (1894)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mythological scenes and sculptures in the Albertinum (1901–05) and the City Hall, Dresden (1908–12), and a frieze with subjects from Norse mythology in the throne room of the German Embassy in Rome.

paragraph: Section::::Sources and further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hartwig Fischer: "Ein Wilhelminisches Gesamtkunstwerk auf dem Kapitol. Hermann Prell und die Einrichtung des Thronsaals in der Deutschen Botschaft zu Rom 1894–1899". Hamburg 1998.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christel Wünsch: "Hermann Prell." In: "Die Kunst hat nie ein Mensch allein besessen." Dreihundert Jahre Akademie der Künste und Hochschule der Künste Berlin. Catalog of the Berlin Art Academy, 1996, S. 317–319.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adolf Rosenberg: "Prell". Bielefeld 1901

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galland, Georg: "Hermann Prell; fresken, skulpturen und tafelbilder des meisters", Charlottenburg, Amelang’sche kunsthandlung 1904

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ArtNet: More works by Prell

alias:
professor hermann prell
hermann prell

description: German artist

wikidata_label: Hermann Prell

wikipedia_title: Hermann Prell


text:
United States Army
Medal of Honor
American Civil War
Grand Coteau
Find a Grave

categories: 1839 births,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,1905 deaths,People from Andover, Massachusetts,American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor

paragraph: William Marland (Medal of Honor)

paragraph: William Marland (1839–1905) was an officer in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his role in the American Civil War.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: First Lieutenant, 2d Independent Battery, Massachusetts Light Artillery. Place and date: At Grand Coteau, La., November 3, 1863. Entered service at:------. Born: March 11, 1839, Andover, Mass. Date of issue: February 16, 1897.

paragraph: Citation:

paragraph: After having been surrounded by the enemy's cavalry, his support having surrendered, he ordered a charge and saved the section of the battery that was under his command.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Find a Grave

wikidata_label: William Marland

wikipedia_title: William Marland (Medal of Honor)


text:
British
trade unionist
Allerton Burn
Northumberland
coal miner
Roddymoor
County Durham
checkweighman
Durham Miners' Association
Seaham Colliery

categories: 1900 deaths,1823 births,Coal miners,Leaders of British trade unions

paragraph: John Forman (trade unionist)

paragraph: John Forman (1823–2 September 1900) was a British trade unionist.

paragraph: Born at Allerton Burn in Northumberland, Forman became a coal miner at an early age. In the 1850s, he moved to Roddymoor in County Durham, where he was elected checkweighman at Grahamsley Colliery. He became an active trade unionist, joining the Durham Miners' Association on its formation, and working as its agent for twenty-eight years.

paragraph: Forman was also involved in mine rescue operations, including the explosions at Seaham Colliery in 1871 and 1880. This led him to an interest in mine safety, and he was involved in theoretical work on the ignition of coal dust. Forman was first elected as President of the Durham Miners' Association in 1871, and in 1874, this position was made permanent. He served until his death in 1900.

wikidata_label: John Forman

wikipedia_title: John Forman (trade unionist)


text:
British
trade unionist
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Primitive Methodist
Jesmond
Heworth
coal mining
trade union
Durham Miners' Association
William Crawford
UK miners' strike, 1892-1893

categories: 1847 births,Leaders of British trade unions,1896 deaths,English miners,English trade unionists

paragraph: W. H. Patterson

paragraph: William Hammond Patterson (14 February 1847–16 July 1896), known as W. H. Patterson, was a British trade unionist.

paragraph: Born in Newcastle-upon-Tyne to a Primitive Methodist family, Patterson's father worked in quarrying, and he was sent to work at the quarry in Jesmond when only eleven years old. Within a year, he moved to Heworth Colliery, and began his career in coal mining.

paragraph: In 1865, a trade union lodge was established at Heworth, and Patterson was appointed as its secretary. He was a delegate to the 1869 meeting which founded the Durham Miners' Association, and served on its first executive, being elected as its agent for south-west Durham in 1870. He was elected as financial secretary in 1872, and his expertise in this role, along with his service as vice president from 1878, led him to be elected as general secretary on William Crawford's death in 1890. However, his time leading the union was troubled, as it attempted to take its own course during the UK miners' strike, 1892-1893. He died in 1896, still in post.

wikidata_label: William Hammond Patterson

wikipedia_title: W. H. Patterson


text:
Rakvere
Estonia
cross country skier
Estonia
Estonia at the 2014 Winter Olympics
2018 Winter Olympics

categories: Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics,Estonian male cross-country skiers,Tour de Ski skiers,1990 births,Sportspeople from Rakvere,Olympic cross-country skiers of Estonia,Living people,Cross-country skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics

image: 512px-Райдо_Рянкель.JPG

paragraph: Raido Ränkel

paragraph: Raido Ränkel (born January 13, 1990 in Rakvere, Estonia) is a cross country skier from Estonia. He competed for Estonia at the 2014 Winter Olympics and 2018 Winter Olympics in the cross country skiing events.

description: Estonian cross country skier

wikidata_label: Raido Ränkel

wikipedia_title: Raido Ränkel


href: Saka Western%20Satraps India

text:
Saka
Western Satraps
India

paragraph: Vijayasena

paragraph: Vijayasena (reigned 238-250) was a Saka ruler of the Western Satraps in India during the 2nd century CE. He was one of 4 sons of Damasena that ascended to the throne. In 242 CE, he was usurped by Isvaradatta, and regained the throne about a year and a half later. He was succeeded by his brother, Damajadasri III.

wikidata_label: Vijayasena

wikipedia_title: Vijayasena


text:
American football
safety
free agent
Toronto Argonauts
Oakland Raiders
2014 NFL Draft
college football
Western Kentucky
Scout.com
Rivals.com
2014 NFL Draft
Oakland Raiders
2014 NFL Draft
Seattle Seahawks
Terrelle Pryor
Miami Dolphins
Miami Dolphins
Buffalo Bills
Oakland Raiders bio
Western Kentucky Hilltoppers bio

categories: Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football players,Living people,Toronto Argonauts players,Players of American football from Florida,Canadian football defensive backs,Buffalo Bills players,Oakland Raiders players,American football safeties,Miami Dolphins players,Sportspeople from Bradenton, Florida,American players of Canadian football,1991 births,Florida Gators football players

paragraph: Jonathan Dowling (American football)

paragraph: Jonathan Dowling (born December 8, 1991) is an American football safety who is currently a free agent. He most recently played for the Toronto Argonauts. He was drafted by the Oakland Raiders in the seventh round of the 2014 NFL Draft. He played college football at Western Kentucky.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Dowling attended Southeast High School. He participated in the 2010 Under Armour All-American Game along with being selected to the Top 150 Dream Team by PrepStar Magazine. He had 58 tackles, 14 interceptions in his senior season in high school. He was selected named 4A FSWA All-State team. He was ranked as s four-star prospect by both Scout.com and Rivals.com. He also was ranked as the 5th best safety prospect in the country by Scout.com.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: He spent his freshman season at Florida where he played special teams until he transferred to Western Kentucky. After his Junior season, On December 15, 2013, it was announced he will forgo his senior season to enter the 2014 NFL Draft. During his time at Western Kentucky, He finished with a total 135 tackles, 9 Iinterceptions. 20 pass deflections and 8 forced fumbles.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Oakland Raiders.

paragraph: Dowling was selected by the Oakland Raiders in the 7th round (247th overall) of the 2014 NFL Draft. The pick used to draft him was acquired from the Seattle Seahawks in a trade for Terrelle Pryor. On August 29, 2015, he was released by the Raiders for reasons that had to do with "maturity" rather than his field play.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Miami Dolphins.

paragraph: On September 9, 2015, Dowling was signed to the Miami Dolphins' practice squad. On October 15, 2015, the Miami Dolphins signed him to the active roster.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Buffalo Bills.

paragraph: On December 23, 2015, the Buffalo Bills signed Dowling to their practice squad.

paragraph: Dowling tore his ACL in the Bills' third preseason game and was placed on injured reserve.

paragraph: On June 1, 2017, Dowling was released by the Bills.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oakland Raiders bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Western Kentucky Hilltoppers bio

description: American football player, defensive back

wikidata_label: Jonathan Dowling

wikipedia_title: Jonathan Dowling (American football)


text: basketball

text: Marquette University

text: National Industrial Basketball League

text: Detroit Tigers

text: Lynwood "Schoolboy" Rowe

text: 1934 World Series

text: Green Bay, Wisconsin

text: Green Bay East

text: Marquette University

text: Miami (Ohio)

text: Kentucky

text: Iowa

text: Duquesne

text: Don Kojis

text: Bill Russell

text: 1956 NBA draft

text: Minneapolis Lakers

text: Denver Truckers

text: National Industrial Basketball League

text: University of Denver

text: John Dee

text: business finance

text: Naples, Florida

text: harmonica

text: Wall Street Journal

text: Naples Community Hospital

text: cardiac arrest

categories: Sportspeople from Green Bay, Wisconsin,Sportspeople from Naples, Florida,2014 deaths,Centers (basketball),1934 births,Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball players,Minneapolis Lakers draft picks,Basketball players from Wisconsin,Sturm College of Law alumni,Amateur Athletic Union men's basketball players,People from Two Rivers, Wisconsin

paragraph: Terry Rand

paragraph: Lynwood Terry Rand (November 17, 1934 – February 27, 2014) was an American basketball player, best known for his college career at Marquette University. Despite being drafted in the second round of the 1954 NBA draft, he never played in the NBA, instead choosing to play in the National Industrial Basketball League for six years. After retiring from basketball, he worked as a stockbroker with Rand Financial Advisors.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Rand was named Lynwood Terry Rand after Detroit Tigers pitcher Lynwood "Schoolboy" Rowe, who was pitching in the 1934 World Series when Rand was born. He grew up as a swimmer in Green Bay, Wisconsin and did not play basketball until his freshman year of high school, when he stood 6-2. He did not make Green Bay East's varsity squad until his junior season and played only 13 games due to an illness. Nonetheless, he averaged 28.7 points per game and was named to the all-Fox River Valley Conference team. He repeated as an all-Fox River Valley selection as a senior, where he scored a total of 570 points, which is the school's single-season scoring record. He scored in excess of 30 points on seven occasions, and twice scored 40 points.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Rand played college basketball at Marquette University and led the team in scoring as a sophomore, junior, and senior. As a junior, he helped lead the Golden Warriors to a 24-3 record and its first NCAA tournament appearance. The team carried a 22-game winning streak and was ranked eighth in the nation. In the first round, Rand scored 37 points and grabbed 25 rebounds in a 97-70 victory over Miami (Ohio), which still stands as the school tournament record. Marquette reached the Elite Eight after defeating Kentucky, before losing to Iowa.

paragraph: In his senior season, Rand posted averages of 20.3 points and 13.1 rebounds per game for a team that compiled a 13-11 record. He scored 43 points in a game against Duquesne in 1956. After the season, he was a National Association of Basketball Coaches third-team All-American and All-Catholic All-American. In three years at Marquette, Rand scored 1,309 points and grabbed 978 rebounds, which remains second in school history behind Don Kojis. According to Bill Russell, "Rand is far and away the best center I've faced in three years of college ball."

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: In the 1956 NBA draft, the Minneapolis Lakers selected Rand in the second round with the 10th overall pick. The Lakers offered him a starting salary of $15,000, but Rand declined because the team's finances were a wreck. Instead, he signed with the Denver Truckers of the semi-professional National Industrial Basketball League. The Truckers paid him $12,000 a year in addition to tuition to attend the law school at the University of Denver. Despite not being an amateur, Rand was one of four alternates on the 1956 U.S. Olympic team. He was not considered fully professional because NIBL players were employees of the parent company.

paragraph: He played six seasons in the NIBL for the Truckers, where he was coached by John Dee. Rand led the NIBL in scoring and rebounding as a rookie. He averaged 20.3 points per game that year en route to being named an All-Star, rookie of the year, and most valuable player. In 1958, he played on the U.S. All-Star team which toured Russia.

paragraph: Section::::Later life and death.

paragraph: Rand did not graduate from the University of Denver law school because he had a hectic travel schedule with the NIBL. He did receive a bachelor of business finance from Denver and became a stockbroker in 1958. He moved to Naples, Florida after visiting it to survey a piece of land his father owned in the early 1990s. Shortly thereafter, he got a job at a Florida firm and eventually founded Rand Financial Advisors. In 1994, Rand was inducted into the Marquette Athletic Hall of Fame.

paragraph: He was an enthusiastic harmonica player, beginning when he was a child trying to play along with his grandfather's Cajun band. In addition to the musical aspect of harmonica playing, he was a proponent of its health benefits and gave away over 400 harmonicas to his colleagues. "I think the perfect workout would be playing the harmonica while walking on a treadmill", Rand said. He joined the Society for the Preservation and Advancement of the Harmonica in order to counteract the perceived decline of the instrument. According to society president Tom Stryker, Rand brought noticeable attention to the society when he was featured in a front page "Wall Street Journal" article in 2006.

paragraph: Rand died on February 27, 2014 at Naples Community Hospital in Naples at the age of 79. The stated cause of death was cardiac arrest resulting from complications from surgery he underwent the week before. He is survived by his wife Beth and three children: Greg, Kevin, and Jennifer.

description: American basketball player

wikidata_label: Terry Rand

wikipedia_title: Terry Rand


text:
Richard D'Oyly Carte
Gilbert and Sullivan
Silchester
Richard D'Oyly Carte
Gilbert and Sullivan
Louis Spohr
Jullien
Theobald Boehm
Richard Shepherd Rockstro

categories: 19th-century classical composers,English male classical composers,1891 deaths,Flute makers,19th-century British people,1808 births,English classical composers,19th-century British composers,19th-century English musicians

paragraph: Richard Carte

paragraph: Richard Carte (23 February 1808 – 1891) was an English flute-maker, flautist and composer. One of his sons was the impresario Richard D'Oyly Carte, producer of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Carte was born in Silchester, Hampshire. He studied with George Rudall on an eight key "Nicholson" flute. By 1824 he was giving regular concerts in London both as soloist and orchestra player. He married the former Eliza Jones (1814–1885); they had eloped, to the disappointment of her father, Thomas Jones, a clergyman. Two of his six children, Henry W. Carte (1856–1926) and Richard D'Oyly Carte, were both to become important in their own fields: the first as flute-maker and the second for staging the Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas. The other children were Blanch (1846–1935), Viola (1848–1925), Rose (born 1854) and Eliza (1860–1941).

paragraph: Richard Carte was a popular lecturer on the development of the flute and was secretary of the newly founded "London Society of Amateur Flautists" in 1866. He was friend of Louis Spohr, and in 1843 was a member of Jullien's famous band. At the height of his career (1844) he adopted Theobald Boehm's flute with the open G-sharp, and two years later brought out a manual for it, the copyright for which he sold for £100. His best known flute pupil was Richard Shepherd Rockstro.

paragraph: In 1850 he became a partner at the prominent flute-making firm of Rudall, Rose & Co., instigating many improvements and additions to Boehm's systems, all of which culminated in his popular 1867 model. After he became a partner in the business, it changed its name to Rudall, Rose, Carte and Co. and later to Rudall, Carte & Co.

paragraph: Section::::Compositions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Complete Instruction for the Boehm flute (1845)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concertants Duets for two flutes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fantasias

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grands Solos for flute and piano

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fairley, Andrew (1982). "Flutes, Flautists and Makers". London: Pan Educational Music. 140 pp.

wikidata_label: Richard Carte

wikipedia_title: Richard Carte


text:
Henry Mendez
Roster Music
Gran Hermano
Los Premios 40 Principales
Álvaro Soler
Henry Mendez
Katy Perry
Tiziano Ferro
Ivan Rodriguex
Official website

categories: 21st-century Spanish singers,Spanish male singers,1990 births,Living people,Canarian musicians

paragraph: Dasoul

paragraph: Dasoul sometimes stylized as DaSoul (born 6 February 1990) is a Spanish singer. In 2012, he was signed up by Roster Music. He has collaborated with Henry Mendez

paragraph: After releasing several singles, at the end of 2014, he launched 'Él No Te Da'. The track has become a success, remaining in the Top 10 for more than two months of the Spanish Official Singles Sales Chart. The singles has already got a platinum disc.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In 2012, Dasoul was signed up by Roster Music.

paragraph: His tracks have been included in the biggest selling compilations, for instance "Gran Hermano'.

paragraph: In 2015, he was nominated to Best Spanish New Act in Los Premios 40 Principales, ultimately losing out to Álvaro Soler.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: Others

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De lao a lao" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De lao a lao (No pierdes el break)" (with Fito Blanko & Maffio, 2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vámonos pa la Calle" (with Maffio, 2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Déjalo" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prometo Amarte" (2015)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Todos los Latinos" (with Henry Mendez, Cristian Deluxe and Charly Rodríguez, 2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amarte más" (with Henry Mendez, 2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dale" (with Kiko Rivera, 2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Para que llorar" (with Keymass y Bonche, 2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Formentera" (with Ricky Santoro, 2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pa que lo bailen en la disco" (with Álvaro Guerra, 2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eres mía" (con XRIZ, 2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yo Soy Su Marido (with Martín Sangar,2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mamasita" (with Katy Perry, 2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quién se va primero" (with XRIZ y Danny Romero, 2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A ti te cuido yo (Lento/Veloz)" (with Tiziano Ferro)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Planton en Cuenca" (with Ivan Rodriguex )

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Actuación en GH VIP (Telecinco)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Entrevista en Morning Glory (Mediaset)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: Spanish singer

wikidata_label: Dasoul

wikipedia_title: Dasoul


text:
Tracy-sur-Loire
France
Stjärnhov
Södermanland
Prince Wilhelm of Sweden
Christian Eriksson
Stenhammar Palace

categories: Mistresses of Swedish royalty,1875 births,1952 deaths

paragraph: Jeanne de Tramcourt

paragraph: Jeanne Leocadie de Tramcourt (9 December 1875, Tracy-sur-Loire, France – 2 January 1952 in Stjärnhov, Södermanland) was the French long term girlfriend of Prince Wilhelm of Sweden. The couple had a relationship from 1914 until 1952.

paragraph: Tramcourt married the Swedish sculptor Christian Eriksson in 1894 and divorced him in 1911, and was during her marriage well known within Swedish art circles. Her relationship to prince Wilhelm started in 1914 and lasted until her death, and their relationship is described as a happy one. The couple never married, but lived together on Stenhammar Palace; from 1932, she was called his "hostess" and their relationship was privately recognized, though never officially, and she was never seen in public.

paragraph: Jeanne de Tramcourt died in a car accident as a passenger while Wilhelm was driving.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lars Elgklou (1978). Bernadotte. Historien - eller historier - om en familj.. Stockholm: Askild & Kärnekull Förlag AB

description: Mistress to a Swedish prince

wikidata_label: Jeanne de Tramcourt

wikipedia_title: Jeanne de Tramcourt


text: Admiral

text: Royal Navy

text: Deputy First Sea Lord

text: Boxer Rebellion

text: cadet

text: training ship

text: Britannia

text: Dartmouth

text: midshipman

text: acting

text: sub-lieutenant

text: lieutenant

text: wireless telegraphy

text: commander

text: executive officer

text: captain

text: Admiralty

text: Mediterranean Fleet

text: Naval Aide-de-camp

text: the King

text: CB

text: rear admiral

text: Board of Admiralty

text: Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff

text: Fleet Air Arm

text: 1st Cruiser Squadron

text: vice admiral

text: Royal Naval College, Greenwich

text: War College

text: KCB

text: America and West Indies Station

text: admiral

text: Destroyers for Bases Agreement

text: Deputy First Sea Lord

text: First Sea Lord

text: Admiral of the Fleet

text: Sir Dudley Pound

text: Chiefs of Staff Committee

text: GBE

text: Commander of the Legion of Merit

text: Royal Naval College Chapel

categories: 1946 deaths,1884 births,Admiral presidents of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich,Royal Navy admirals of World War II,Bermuda in World War II,Lords of the Admiralty,Commanders of the Legion of Merit

paragraph: Charles Kennedy-Purvis

paragraph: Admiral Sir Charles Edward Kennedy-Purvis (2 May 1884 – 26 May 1946) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Deputy First Sea Lord.

paragraph: Section::::Naval career.

paragraph: He was the son of Captain Charles Kennedy-Purvis, who lost a leg during the Boxer Rebellion. Kennedy-Purvis entered the navy as a cadet in January 1899 aboard the training ship "Britannia" at Dartmouth. He became a midshipman on 15 May 1900, and was promoted to acting-sub-lieutenant on 15 July 1903, being confirmed in that rank on 11 January 1905. He was soon promoted again, to lieutenant on 1 July 1905, backdated to 15 January 1904.

paragraph: Kennedy-Purvis became one of the Navy's early wireless telegraphy specialists, and after promotion to commander in June 1915 was appointed an instructor at the newly formed RN Signal School. He served as the executive officer of the cruiser in 1918-1919, and of the battleship in 1919-1920, then returned to the Signal School as its commander, having been promoted to captain in December 1921. He later served in the Admiralty's Signal Division, and commanded the cruiser in 1925, and the cruiser in 1925-1926, before being appointed Director of the Signal Division in 1927.

paragraph: From March 1931 Kennedy-Purvis commanded , soon after her conversion into an aircraft carrier, as part of the Mediterranean Fleet. He served as a Naval Aide-de-camp to the King from January 1933, was made a CB in April 1933, and promoted to rear admiral in September. In June 1935 he was appointed to the Board of Admiralty as an Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff with special responsibility for Fleet Air Arm affairs.

paragraph: Between 1936 and 1938 he commanded the 1st Cruiser Squadron in the Mediterranean, receiving promotion to vice admiral on 28 June 1937. In 1939 he became the President of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich and Vice-Admiral Commanding the War College, and was awarded the KCB.

paragraph: In March 1940 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the America and West Indies Station, and on 15 February 1942 was promoted to admiral. His time as C-in-C coincided with the Destroyers for Bases Agreement in which fifty elderly destroyers were transferred from the United States to the UK in return for the right of the U.S. Navy and Air Forces to establish bases in British territories. In the West Indies Kennedy-Purvis successfully surmounted any difficulties and within a very short time was working in closest co-operation with his American counterpart.

paragraph: In late 1942 he was recalled to England to become the Deputy First Sea Lord, an appointment created to relieve the First Sea Lord Admiral of the Fleet Sir Dudley Pound of the burden of his administrative duties, allowing him to concentrate on his role as Chief of the Naval Staff and a member of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. After Pound's resignation in September 1943 he served under Admiral of the Fleet Sir Andrew Cunningham.

paragraph: After the war, Kennedy-Purvis was awarded the GBE, and was made a Commander of the Legion of Merit by the United States. Ill-health compelled him to retire in March 1946, and he died of a heart attack at his home on 26 May 1946. His funeral service was held at the Royal Naval College Chapel in Greenwich.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He married May Conquest in 1910, but had no children. Lady Kennedy-Purvis died in 1971.

description: Royal Navy admiral

wikidata_label: Charles Kennedy-Purvis

wikipedia_title: Charles Kennedy-Purvis


text:
Colombo
Amsterdam
patriot
Ceylon
"burghers"
Athenaeum Illustre
Jacobus Bellamy
exercitiegenootschap
vroedschap
stadholder
regenten
stadholder
William V of Orange
De Post van den Neder-Rhijn
Johan Valckenaer
Court Lambertus of Beyma
Batavian Legion
Ghent
Rijngraaf of Salm
Calais
printer
Samuel Wiselius
Wybo Fijnje
Theodorus van Kooten
Dutch East India Company
Website in Dutch with picture
Schama, S.

categories: People of the Patriottentijd,Dutch people of Sri Lankan descent,1758 births,1818 deaths,Sri Lankan people of Dutch descent,Members of the Dutch Patriots faction

paragraph: Quint Ondaatje

paragraph: Pieter Philips Jurriaan Quint Ondaatje (Colombo, 1758 – Amsterdam, 18 April 1818) was a Dutch patriot and politician. He is called the champion of Dutch democracy.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Ondaatje was born at Colombo on Ceylon, as the son of a minister. His mother came from Amsterdam. He had a dark complexion as his father was descended from Europeans on the island, known as "burghers". At the age of 14 year he came to Amsterdam, becoming a pupil at the Athenaeum Illustre. He then moved to Utrecht to study law and theology. He rented a room in the same building as the poet Jacobus Bellamy, who complained about the noise Ondaatje caused in the building. Ondaatje became an officer in the exercitiegenootschap exercising in the Sterrebos. He wrote petitions to the vroedschap on the rights and responsibilities of the stadholder concerning the appointment of new candidates.

paragraph: On 11 March 1785 Utrecht's population came en masse to the city hall. They then entered the city hall under the leadership of Ondaatje, who made a fierce speech demanding the resignation of Sichterman if the regenten would not yield. He added that it would hard to leave the hall since many people were standing in the doorway. The regenten decided to give in, provided that Ondaatje would calm down the people. From the steps Ondaatje announced their victory and asked the people to go to their homes. The crowd dispersed but, when the danger had passed, further assemblies were banned and Ondaatje arrested for disturbing the peace and sent to jail.

paragraph: In May 1785 Ondaatje and his friend Von Liebeherr traveled many times to the Hague to get access to the stadholder William V of Orange. Ondaatje was forced to defend himself in the patriot newspaper "De Post van den Neder-Rhijn".

paragraph: As a refugee in northern France involved in the foundation of a brotherhood around contacts still in the Netherlands, Ondaatje sought help from Johan Valckenaer and Court Lambertus of Beyma and proposed the formation of a Batavian Legion. By a raid into the Dutch Republic, Ondaatje put the rights of man first and laid his emphasis on freedom of speech and the people's sovereignty. The formation of a union between the Republic and the Belgian region was another sphere in which Ondaatje was interested, having withdrawn to Ghent with Von Liebeherr. As his former aide, in 1792 Ondaatje wrote an apology to the Rijngraaf of Salm, who on 16 September 1787 left Utrecht and fled to Amsterdam. From 1794 Ondaatje was active in Calais as a printer and writer.

paragraph: Together with Samuel Wiselius, Wybo Fijnje, Theodorus van Kooten and Von Liebeherr, Ondaatje was in 1796 appointed a member of the Committee to dissolve the Dutch East India Company.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website in Dutch with picture

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: "This article is a translation from the Dutch Wikipedia".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hulzen, A. van (1966) Utrecht in de patriottentijd, p. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schama, S. (1987) Patriots and Liberators, Revolution in the Netherlands 1780-1813, p. 84, 86, 89-92.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilschut, A. (2000) Goejanverwellesluis. De strijd tussen patriotten en prinsgezinden, 1780-1787, p. 41-3, 51.

description: Dutch politician

wikidata_label: Quint Ondaatje

wikipedia_title: Quint Ondaatje


text:
Argentine
Radical Civic Union
Vice President
La Rioja, Argentina
University of Buenos Aires
National Deputy
Hipólito Yrigoyen
Sáenz Peña Law
Senate
National Library of Argentina

wikipedia_title: National Library of the Argentine Republic

categories: Radical Civic Union politicians,1919 deaths,Vice Presidents of Argentina,1867 births,Argentine judges

paragraph: Pelagio Luna

paragraph: Pelagio Baltasar Luna (6 January 1867 – June 25, 1919) was an Argentine politician of the Radical Civic Union. He reached the post of Vice President in 1916.

paragraph: Born in La Rioja, Argentina, where his father was founder of the Radical Civic Union, Luna graduated from the University of Buenos Aires at the age of 22. He returned to La Rioja and worked as a lawyer then entered the judicial system, serving as a judge. He also taught literature at the National School of La Rioja.

paragraph: Luna joined the Radical Youth in 1889 and took part in the armed revolution the following year. He was part of the National Convention of November 1892. He was a candidate for National Deputy in 1912 and for governor of La Rioja in 1913, without success.

paragraph: In 1916 Luna was elected vice president on Hipólito Yrigoyen's ticket, as the first elected vice president under the Sáenz Peña Law, serving until his death in 1919. As President of the Senate, he helped create the National Library of Argentina, serving as its first president.

wikidata_label: Pelagio Luna

wikipedia_title: Pelagio Luna


text:
Mapuche
toqui
Nangoniel
cavalry
Spanish
Purén
Angol
Arauco
Fort Trinidad
Alonso de Sotomayor
Alonso García de Ramón
Guanoalca
Pedro Mariño de Lobera
Diego de Rosales

wikipedia_title:
Mapuche
Toqui
Nangoniel
Cavalry
Spain
Purén
Angol
Arauco, Chile
Santísima Trinidad (fort)
Alonso de Sotomayor
Alonso García de Ramón
Guanoalca
Pedro Mariño de Lobera
Diego de Rosales

categories: 16th-century Mapuche people,Captaincy General of Chile,1587 deaths,Indigenous leaders of the Americas,People of the Arauco War,Military personnel killed in action,Tokis

paragraph: Cadeguala

paragraph: Cadeguala or "Cadiguala" was a Mapuche toqui elected in 1585 following the death in battle of the previous toqui Nangoniel. Cadeguala was a noted warrior and the first Mapuche toqui known to have used cavalry successfully in battle. He was killed in a duel with the garrison commander of the Spanish fort at Purén in 1586.

paragraph: While very young he entered the Mapuche army as a private, although he was a nobleman, and gradually won promotion to the grade of general. The toqui, Cayancaru, gave him command of a strong army to attack the city of Angol, which he did without success, but then marched to the city of Arauco, besieged and entered it. Afterward he intended to attack Fort Trinidad, this fortress commanding the passage from Bio-bio River, but a body of Spanish troops under Francisco Hernandez came out and defeated Cadeguala, who lost an arm and was otherwise severely wounded. This forced him to retire to the mountains. He was followed thither by the lieutenant-governor of Chile, who attempted an ambush, only to be discovered, defeated, and killed, with 50 of his men, 14 November 1586. On the same day Cadeguala was elected toqui by acclamation.

paragraph: Following his election, Cadeguala began operations against the Spanish and then attacked Angol breaking into the city with the aid of sympathetic Mapuche that set fires within the town. However the arrival of the governor Alonso de Sotomayor inspired a counterattack by the residents that had fled to the citadel driving the Mapuche back out of the town. Deprived of success there he followed with a siege of the Spanish fort at Purén the following year with 4,000 warriors. After driving off a relief force led by Governor Sotomayor with his 150 lancers he offered the garrison a chance to withdraw or join his army which was refused by all but one. He next challenged the commander of the fort, Alonso García de Ramón, to single combat to decide the fate of the fortress. The two leaders fought on horseback with lances, and Cadeguala fell, killed by his opponent's weapon in the first tilt. Even when dying, the Mapuche warrior would not admit defeat, and tried in vain to mount his horse again. His army raised the siege but after electing Guanoalca as toqui returned to successfully drive the poorly supplied Spanish from Purén.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pedro Mariño de Lobera,Crónica del Reino de Chile , escrita por el capitán Pedro Mariño de Lobera...reducido a nuevo método y estilo por el Padre Bartolomé de Escobar. Edición digital a partir de Crónicas del Reino de Chile Madrid, Atlas, 1960, pp. 227-562, (Biblioteca de Autores Españoles ; 569-575). Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes Capítulo XXXV

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diego de Rosales, “Historia General del Reino de Chile”, Flandes Indiano, 3 tomos. Valparaíso 1877 - 1878.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historia general de el Reyno de Chile: Flandes Indiano Vol. 2 Capítulos LII, LIII, LIV.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coleccíon de historiadores de Chile, Tomo XV, Imprenta del Ferrocarril, Santiago, 1899

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gomez de Vidaurre, HlSTORlA GEOGRÁFlCA, NATURAL Y CIVIL DEL REINO DE CHILE, Tomo II, pg. 161-163. (1535 - 1764)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Juan Ignacio de Molina, The Geographical, Natural, and Civil History of Chili, Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, Paternoster-Row, London, 1809, Chapter IV

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Kerr, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels, Published 1824 pg. 338-340

paragraph: BULLET::::- José Ignacio Víctor Eyzaguirre, Historia eclesiastica: Politica y literaria de Chile, IMPRENTA DEL COMERCIO, VALPARAISO, June 1830 List of Toquis, pg. 162-163, 498-500.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anson Uriel Hancock, A History of Chile, Chicago, C. H. Sergel and Company, 1893

description: Mapuche toqui

wikidata_label: Cadeguala

wikipedia_title: Cadeguala


text: Member of Parliament

text: Ludgershall

text: Plympton Erle

text: Norfolk Fencibles

text: cricket

text: Marylebone Cricket Club

text: first-class cricket

text: Harbord Harbord, 1st Baron Suffield

text: Edward

text: William Pitt the Younger

text: Spencer Perceval

text: Castlereagh

text: Lady Amelia Hobart

wikipedia_title: Ludgershall (UK Parliament constituency)

wikipedia_title: Plympton Erle (UK Parliament constituency)

categories: Surrey cricketers,1821 deaths,Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers,British MPs 1790–1796,Lord-Lieutenants of Norfolk,English cricketers,English cricketers of 1787 to 1825,1766 births,People from Middlesex (before 1889),Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,Barons Suffield,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies,UK MPs 1807–1812

paragraph: William Harbord, 2nd Baron Suffield

paragraph: Lieutenant-Colonel William Assheton Harbord, 2nd Baron Suffield (21 August 1766 – 1 August 1821), was a Member of Parliament for Ludgershall (1790–1796) and Plympton Erle (7 February 1807 – 4 February 1810). He was Lieutenant-Colonel commandant of the Norfolk Fencibles (1794), the Blickling Rifle Volunteers (1803), and East Norfolk Regiment of Militi (1808). He was an English amateur cricketer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was mainly associated with Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). Harbord made three known appearances in first-class cricket matches during the 1791 season.

paragraph: He succeeded his father, Harbord Harbord, 1st Baron Suffield, as Baron Suffield in February 1810. He married Lady Caroline Hobart, daughter of John Hobart, 2nd Earl of Buckinghamshire, but had no children. On his death his title passed to his brother Edward.

paragraph: He played an intermittent role in politics, being regarded as a strong if not vocal supporter of William Pitt the Younger and later of Spencer Perceval. Although he had a strong family link with Castlereagh, who had married Caroline's sister Lady Amelia Hobart, the two men were not close politically. He opposed the abolition of the slave trade in 1807.

description: British cricketer and nobleman

wikidata_label: William Harbord, 2nd Baron Suffield

wikipedia_title: William Harbord, 2nd Baron Suffield


text: American

text: regiment

text: brigade

text: Army of the Potomac

text: American Civil War

text: Battle of Gettysburg

text: Newburyport, Massachusetts

text: first lieutenant

text: major

text: Peninsula Campaign

text: George B. McClellan

text: V Corps

text: lieutenant colonel

text: Battle of Antietam

text: colonel

text: Battle of Fredericksburg

text: Battle of Chancellorsville

text: Charles Griffin

text: division

text: Battle of Gettysburg

text: Jacob B. Sweitzer

text: Peach Orchard

text: Wheatfield

text: Confederate

text: Strong Vincent

text: Little Round Top

text: Army of the Potomac

text: Lt. Gen.

text: Ulysses S. Grant

text: Overland Campaign

text: Battle of the Wilderness

text: Battle of Spotsylvania Court House

text: Battle of Cold Harbor

text: Siege of Petersburg

text: Jerusalem Plank Road

text: Globe Tavern

text: President

text: Abraham Lincoln

text: brevet

text: brigadier general

text: United States Volunteers

text: U.S. Senate

text: Togus, Maine

text: Boston, Massachusetts

text: Newtonville, Massachusetts

text: Mount Auburn Cemetery

text: Cambridge, Massachusetts

text: David J. Eicher

categories: 1889 deaths,People from Newburyport, Massachusetts,1828 births,People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War,Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery

paragraph: William S. Tilton

paragraph: William Stowell Tilton (February 1, 1828 – March 23, 1889) was an American businessman and soldier who led a regiment, and occasionally a brigade, in the Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War. He and his men were heavily engaged in the Battle of Gettysburg, where Tilton's performance created controversy.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: William Tilton was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts. He was educated in the local schools. He was a manufacturer and merchant in the years before the war.

paragraph: Section::::Civil War.

paragraph: Tilton enlisted in the army and became a first lieutenant in the 22nd Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry on September 12, 1861. He was promoted to the rank of major on October 2 of that year. Tilton served in the Peninsula Campaign in the army of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, serving in the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps. He was wounded in the shoulder and captured on May 27, 1862, at the Battle of Gaines' Mill. Tilton was exchanged on August 15 of that year. In the meantime, he had become lieutenant colonel of the regiment on June 28. At that rank, he led the regiment in the 1st Brigade, which was led by Col. James Barnes at the Battle of Antietam.

paragraph: Tilton was made colonel of the 22nd Massachusetts Infantry on October 17, leading the regiment at the Battle of Fredericksburg. In 1863, Tilton continued leading the regiment in the First Brigade, First Division, under Barnes, who had recently become a brigadier general, including at the Battle of Chancellorsville. When Brig. Gen. Charles Griffin went on leave following Chancellorsville, Barnes became acting division commander. Tilton, by seniority, took charge of the First Brigade.

paragraph: He led the brigade at the Battle of Gettysburg. His command was deployed on the right flank of Col. Jacob B. Sweitzer's 2nd Brigade in between the Peach Orchard and the Wheatfield on July 2, 1863. What followed has remained controversial. When Barnes's division was under attack, he told both brigade commanders they could retreat. Sweitzer saw this as a peremptory command, but Tilton described this in his report as discretionary. Whatever the truth of this, Tilton said he reconnoitered and discovered a large Confederate force coming up on his left flank. This led him to order a retreat. This left a gap in the Federal line, and other veterans later criticized the actions of Tilton and Barnes.

paragraph: On July 3, the 1st Brigade relieved Col. Strong Vincent's 3rd Brigade, which had passed to Col. James C. Rice after Vincent had been killed in the defense of Little Round Top. Tilton reported only 474 soldiers present for duty at Gettysburg and a loss of 109 from that number. Another estimate is that Tilton lost 125 of 655 men, a loss of 19.1%, a low percentage compared to Sweitzer's 30% reported by the same author.

paragraph: After Gettysburg, Tilton retained brigade command until August 18, 1863. He returned to regimental command until November 19, when he again resumed brigade command. When the Army of the Potomac was reorganized in 1864 for Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign, Tilton was assigned to lead his regiment in Jacob Sweitzer's brigade of Griffin's division. He served in that role in the Battle of the Wilderness, the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, and the Battle of Cold Harbor, as well as in the early stages of the Siege of Petersburg. Tilton remained in regimental command until June 18, 1864, when he again became acting brigade commander until August 22. During this time he was engaged in action at the battles of Jerusalem Plank Road and Globe Tavern.

paragraph: Tilton was mustered out of volunteer service on October 17 of that year. On December 12, 1864, President Abraham Lincoln nominated Tilton for the award of the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general, United States Volunteers, to rank from September 9, 1864, for distinguished services during the war. The U.S. Senate confirmed the award on February 20, 1865.

paragraph: Section::::Postbellum activities.

paragraph: In 1866 General Tilton became a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts. He was also a member of the Massachusetts Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.

paragraph: Tilton served as governor of the National Soldiers' Home in Togus, Maine, from 1869 to 1883. He retired to a home in Boston, Massachusetts.

paragraph: He died in Newtonville, Massachusetts, and was buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Massachusetts generals in the American Civil War

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. "Civil War High Commands". Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gottfried, Bradley M. "Brigades of Gettysburg". New York: Da Capo Press, 2002. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hunt, Roger D. and Brown, Jack R. "Brevet Brigadier Generals in Blue". Gaithersburg, MD: Olde Soldier Books, Inc., 1990.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pfanz, Harry W. "Gettysburg – The Second Day". Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987. .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 22nd Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, Inc.

description: Union United States Army officer

wikidata_label: William S. Tilton

wikipedia_title: William S. Tilton


text:
first-class cricket
St John's College, Cambridge
University cricket team
Marylebone Cricket Club
Oxford University
Puckeridge
hamlet
East Hertfordshire
Cambridge University
Parker's Piece
common
Cambridge
batting average
Lord's Cricket Ground
James Cobbett
duck

categories: Cambridge Town Club cricketers,English cricketers,Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge,1875 deaths,Cambridge University cricketers,1816 births,People from East Hertfordshire District

paragraph: Joseph Grout

paragraph: Joseph Grout (1 August 1816 – 11 October 1875) was an English first-class cricketer. An alumnus of St John's College, Cambridge, Grout played eight first-class matches for the University cricket team during his time there. He played for the University's Second XI in 1837 – scoring six and six, and then for the First XI in an unofficial match scoring 20 and 12 – before graduating to first-class cricket in May 1838 in time to face the Marylebone Cricket Club. He played seven more matches in the summers of 1838 and 1839 for both the Cambridge University team and the Cambridge Town cricket club, facing the MCC and Oxford University teams.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Grout was born in August 1816 in Puckeridge, a hamlet in East Hertfordshire, England. He attended Cambridge University in 1837 and made two appearances for the Second XI of the University Cricket Club. In first, on 13 May, he scored six runs in both innings as the Second XI faced the First XI at Parker's Piece cricket ground, a square green common located near the centre of Cambridge known primarily as the birthplace of the rules of Association Football. He played a week later, on 20 May, for the First XI against an invitational side entitled Lincoln's Inn and Temple, a team who played several non-first-class games against Cambridge and the MXX in the 1830s and 1840s. He made scores of 20 and 12.

paragraph: Graduating to first-class cricket in 1838, Grout made his first appearance against the MCC on 17 May at Parker's Piece, where he made 14 as Cambridge took a decisive nine-wicket victory. He then moved down the batting order and scored one and 17 in a rain-affected match against Cambridge Town cricket club, followed by five and 15 against Oxford University on 6 July. In total he scored 69 runs across his four matches in the summer of 1838, at a batting average of 11.50.

paragraph: Grout continued to play for the University team in the summer of 1839. He faced Cambridge Town once more on 16 May, making 14 and zero, followed by 19 – then a career best – against the MCC on 23 May. Following a score of 18 against Oxford University, Grout then made his career-best score in what would be his final match. Against the MCC at Lord's Cricket Ground he made 28 in the first innings before falling to James Cobbett, followed by a duck in the second. His second and final season had yielded 79 runs at 13.16.

description: English cricketer

wikidata_label: Joseph Grout

wikipedia_title: Joseph Grout


text:
Mannheim
Augsburg
vicar general
diocesan administrator
Augsburg
Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg
diocese of Augsburg
Louise von Sturmfeder
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Maximilian I of Mexico

categories: 1758 births,1828 deaths,German Roman Catholic priests

paragraph: Franz Friedrich von Sturmfeder

paragraph: Franz Friedrich von Sturmfeder (11 December 1758, Mannheim – 26 February 1828, Augsburg) was a German Roman Catholic priest. From 1812 to 1818 and from 1819 to 1821 he was vicar general and diocesan administrator in Augsburg - this covered the period between the fall of the Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg and the formation of the present diocese of Augsburg.

paragraph: He is also notable as the uncle of Louise von Sturmfeder (1789 - 1866), tutor to Franz Joseph I of Austria and his brother Maximilian I of Mexico.

description: German priest

wikidata_label: Franz Friedrich von Sturmfeder

wikipedia_title: Franz Friedrich von Sturmfeder


text:
British Unitarian
Dalston
mercer
South Sea Company
Peter Burrell Jr.
Lord Algernon Percy
Hugh Percy
Unitarianism
Theophilus Lindsey
Essex Street Chapel
Joseph Priestley
William Winterbotham
Newgate prison
Titchfield Street
Bunhill Fields
William

categories: 1800 deaths,English Unitarians,1714 births

paragraph: Elizabeth Rayner

paragraph: Elizabeth Rayner or Raynor, "née" Collier (1714–1800) was a British Unitarian benefactress.

paragraph: She was born Elizabeth Collier, the daughter of Jonathan Collier of Dalston (1676-1751), mercer and a Director of the South Sea Company. Through her sister Susanna Collier, Mrs John Lewis, Mrs Rayner was the great-aunt of Peter Burrell Jr.; his second daughter, Isabella, married Lord Algernon Percy, and his third daughter, Frances, married Hugh Percy, later 2nd Duke of Northumberland.

paragraph: Elizabeth married widower John Rayner [d. 1777] in 1754.

paragraph: Elizabeth Rayner converted to Unitarianism on hearing Theophilus Lindsey preach, following which, she became a regular attendant at Essex Street Chapel. She was a generous friend to, and a constant benefactress to Unitarian causes.

paragraph: She became acquainted with Joseph Priestley when he was preparing his removal to Birmingham in 1779. She contributed towards the cost of Priestley's moving, and gave him annual gifts of £50, as well as bearing the full cost of publishing his "History of Early Opinions Concerning Christ" (1786), which is dedicated to her. In addition, at his request, she set aside some stocks for Joseph Priestley Jr. to purchase a partnership.

paragraph: When William Winterbotham was incarcerated for four years in Newgate prison for allegedly uttering the phrase "French Revolution" and criticising the slave trade, Rev Lindsey and Mrs Rayner were a constant support. Winterbotham subsequently named his two eldest sons "Rayner" Winterbotham (1798-1879) and "Lindsey" Winterbotham (1799-1871), respectively.

paragraph: Mrs Rayner died at her home in Titchfield Street on 11 July 1800, aged 84. In her will, she asked for a simple burial, in a lead-lined coffin in "Mr Lindsay's vault", in Bunhill Fields. She made numerous bequests, including £2,000 in public stock to Dr Priestley, and a separate bequest for his son William.

description: British philanthropist

wikidata_label: Elizabeth Rayner

wikipedia_title: Elizabeth Rayner