text: Te Awamutu

text: The Johnnys

text: Beasts of Bourbon

text: Paul Kelly and The Coloured Girls

text: Chris Bailey and The General Dog

text: Sacred Cowboys

text: Auckland

text: The Johnnys

text: pub rock

text: Roddy Rayda

text: The Canberra Times

text: Mushroom Records

text: Ross Wilson

text: Skyhooks

text: Company Caine

text: Mondo Rock

text: Beasts of Bourbon

text: James Baker

text: Hoodoo Gurus

text: Tex Perkins

text: Kim Salmon

text: The Scientists

text: Paul Kelly and The Coloured Girls

text: Chris Bailey and The General Dog

text: Sacred Cowboys

text: Red Eye Records

text: Polydor Records

text: Warren Ellis

text: Dirty Three

text: Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds

text: Kim Salmon and the Surrealists

text: Peter Jones

text: Graham Lee

text: The Triffids

text: Conway Savage

text: Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds

text: Ian McFarlane

text: Ed Nimmervoll

text: The Blackeyed Susans

text: Powder Monkeys

text: Tony Cohen

text: MGM Distribution

text: Moler

text: Billy Ficca

text: Brian Ritchie

text: Bang! Records

text: The Age

text: Ian Rilen

text: Bored!

text: Powder Monkeys

text: The Chosen Few

text: Elsternwick Hotel

text: The Drones

text: Gareth Liddiard

text: James Baker

text: Shock Records

text: Red Eye

text: Polydor

text: Spooky Records

text: MGM Distribution

text: Bang! Records

text: Shock Records

text: Beasts of Bourbon

text: The Axeman's Jazz

text: Sour Mash

text: Black Milk

text: State Library of Victoria

text: July 1996

text: October 1997

text: October 1998

text: April 2001

text: "Spencer P Jones Live from Byron"

text: ABC

categories: Paul Kelly and the Messengers members,New Zealand guitarists,1956 births,Male songwriters,Place of death missing,Male guitarists,New Zealand male singers,New Zealand songwriters,2018 deaths,People from Te Awamutu

paragraph: Spencer P. Jones

paragraph: Spencer Patrick Jones (28 October 1956 – 21 August 2018) was a New Zealand guitar player and singer-songwriter from Te Awamutu. From 1976 he worked in Australia and was a member of various groups including The Johnnys, Beasts of Bourbon, Paul Kelly and The Coloured Girls, Chris Bailey and The General Dog, Maurice Frawley and The Working Class Ringos, and Sacred Cowboys. He also issued ten albums as a solo artist. In May 2012 "Australian Guitar" magazine rated Jones as one of Australia's Top 40 best guitarists.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Spencer Patrick Jones was born 28 October 1956 and grew up on a farm in Te Awamutu, New Zealand. His father was a funeral director, farmer and then news agent. When his family moved to Auckland, Jones and his siblings studied piano. On his 14th birthday he was given a guitar and became a self-taught musician. From 1976 he worked in Australia and his early groups were The Emotional Retards, Country Killed, Cuban Heels (1979–81), Beats Working (1981–82) and North 2 Alaskans (1982–83).

paragraph: In 1983 Jones joined The Johnnys, a pub rock band, on lead guitar and backing vocals. Jones co-wrote their debut single, "I Think You're Cute", with their bass guitarist and lead vocalist, Roddy Rayda, which was issued in October. When Rayda left early in the next year, Spencer took over lead vocals. In April 1986 "The Canberra Times" described the group as a "combination of country punk, mayhem and cowboy image". In August that year Mushroom Records issued their debut album, "Highlights of a Dangerous Life", with Ross Wilson producing (Skyhooks, Company Caine, Mondo Rock). The group broke up in 1989 and Jones continued with various other bands.

paragraph: In August 1983 while a member of The Johnnys, Jones formed a side-project, Beasts of Bourbon (1983–85, 1988–93, 1996–97, 2003–08, 2013) with James Baker on drums (ex-Hoodoo Gurus), Tex Perkins on vocals (Dum Dums), Kim Salmon on guitar and Boris Sujdovic on bass guitar (both ex-The Scientists). Except for mainstays, Jones and Perkins, the line-up has changed as the group splintered and reformed several times. Steven Corby of "The Canberra Times" described Beasts of Bourbon in August 1990 as "a mutation of rock 'n roll, some blues, jazz, country, and a cornucopia of 20th century music as well as fartin' and thumpin', sexy girls, and ladies of the night".

paragraph: Other groups Jones worked with include Olympic Sideburns (1983), Paul Kelly and The Coloured Girls (1985), Legendary Stardust Cowboys (1986), The Rock Party (1986), The Butcher Shop (1988–93), Minced Meat (1989), Hell to Pay (1990–92), Chris Bailey and The General Dog (1992), Maurice Frawley and The Working Class Ringos (1993–2000), Sacred Cowboys (1994–95), Paul Kelly Band (1996, 1998, 2001–02) and Singers for the Red Black and Gold (1997).

paragraph: In November 1994 Jones released his debut solo album, "Rumour of Death", which he co-produced with Dave McCluney for Red Eye Records and Polydor Records. Jones had started planning for his album in 1989 or 1990 but other projects intervened including Hell to Pay. Working with Jones on the album were Warren Ellis on violin (Dirty Three, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds), Brian Henry Hooper on bass guitar (Beasts of Bourbon, Kim Salmon and the Surrealists), Peter Jones on drums (ex-Harem Scarem), Graham Lee on pedal steel guitar (ex-The Triffids), Nick Rischbieth on guitar (Sacred Cowboys), and Conway Savage on piano (Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds).

paragraph: Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, described the album as having "a timeless rock'n'roll feel with country elements". Fellow rock music journalist, Ed Nimmervoll, felt it was "a growling, introspective country rock album" with Spencer "a little unsure about the sound of his own voice but backing his vocals with strong songwriting, sparce arrangements, and a great performance". In March the following year he issued a single, "The World's Got Everything in It", from the album. The track had been written and first recorded by Minced Meat, a duo of Jones and Perkins, back in 1989; it was later re-recorded by Beasts of Bourbon.

paragraph: In late 1999 Jones formed a band, The Last Gasp, working with Hooper again on bass guitar, joined by Kieran Box on keyboards and Dan Luscombe on guitar (both from The Blackeyed Susans), and Timmy Jack Ray on drums (Powder Monkeys). By mid-November the following year Jones issued his second solo album, "The Last Gasp". It was produced by Tony Cohen, Jones was backed by a nine-piece session band. Nimmervoll declared it was Album of the Week: "he's comfortable with the sound of his voice ... You can feel the smoky bar rooms this music was born in. The atmosphere is thick with music and attitude". I-94 Bar's The Barman noted the sound is "big, brassy and sprawling. Keyboard colourings abound, though there are sightings of Spencer's understated guitar".

paragraph: By November 2001 Jones released his next album, "The Lost Anxiety Tapes", on MGM Distribution, featuring Cow Penalty with Arnie Daniels on guitar, Steve Hadley on bass guitar, Des Heffner on drums and Matt Heydon on keyboards, piano, organ, synthesiser, and percussion. The Barman found the tracks had "simple, but effective, rock tuneage that push the edges in all sorts of little ways and exhibit not an ounce of fat". "Cosmik Debris Magazine"s John Sekerka described Jones as one who "knows how to confuse, confound, amuse and delight" with his "various catchy melodies with provocative words, culminating in stupefying songs you'll be hard pressed not to hum".

paragraph: For his next album, "Fait Accompli" (2003), Jones worked with three different bands, Cow Penalty (with Heydon joined by Helen Cattanach on bass guitar, ex-Moler, and Harry Fischer on drums) on three of twelve tracks, Escape Committee (with Cattanach, Phil Gionfriddo on steel guitar, and Andy Moore on drums) on seven tracks, and New York-based group, The Beeks (Steve Boyle on guitar and keyboards, Billy Ficca on drums, and Brian Ritchie on vocals and bass guitar) on two tracks.

paragraph: Nimmervoll described "Fait Accompli" being "filled with the growling impatient restless menace real rock and roll is made of" and with Jones fronting three groups "[he's] in the spotlight, hat on head, cigarette dangling from the corner of his mouth, guitar in hand, telling you how life is or how he wants to imagine it. It don't matter. It ain't pretty". The Barman noted that it has a "greasy appropriation of the blues" and his "distinctive drawl and scuzzy lead guitar". Sleazegrinder's reviewer declared that Jones "writes and plays every lick, every lyric from the bottom of his soul, you can always feel it when someone spills their guts, means every bit of it, when they've not only written some tunes, but lived 'em, too. [The album is] a full experience, not a random assortment of half written leftovers, like most releases we endure nowadays".

paragraph: On 7 August 2006 Jones issued an album, "Immolation & Amelioration 1995–2005", which updated previously unfinished material from his back catalogue. It was commissioned by Spanish label, Bang! Records, where Spencer had developed a loyal following. "The Age"s Patrick Donovan opined that it showed his "many moods and styles, from snarling, swampy guitar slinger to tender balladeer, and features his many incarnations". The Barman described the various line ups as "a star-studded list of drop-ins, drop-outs and dropkicks to be sure, but the real star is Spencer hisself".

paragraph: For his April 2007 album, "Fugitive Songs", Jones worked with the Escape Committee (Cattanach, Gionfriddo, and Moore) again. The album was dedicated to veteran hard rocker, Ian Rilen (1947–2006), who had been a band mate in Hell to Pay. "The Age"s Andrew Stafford cited Jones remembering Rilen "I was playing in Hell to Pay and things started getting messy. I remember Ian saying, 'This is enough of this, we've got to stop doing it' – and he screwed up the syringe in his hand, you know, the needle sticking into his hand – 'F--- this shit, we've got to stop doing this!'" The album itself showed "[t]here's no one making better rock'n'roll records in the country". The Barman finds "Fugitive Songs" is "bluesy rock with the smell of cordite not far away. It doesn't bust down any barriers ... as fine an effort as anything else in his backpages".

paragraph: During 2008 Jones performed with a revised line up of the Escape Committee – Cattanach was joined by John Nolan on guitar (ex-Bored!, Hoss, Powder Monkeys); Hamish Marr on keyboards and backing vocals; and Cal McAlpine on drums (ex-The Chosen Few). Together they recorded a performance at the Elsternwick Hotel which was issued as Jones' first live album, "Hang On... Hang On... Live from Melbourne", later that year. I-Bar's Simon Li noted that it "enhances his reputation ... as a true National Living Treasure ... [it] features nine classic songs for the world weary and downtrodden, drawn mostly from his Spooky Records catalogue". While fellow reviewer at the website, The Barman felt it is "[r]aucously rude and liver than your great grandfather will ever be, this bang-up bag of some of Spencer's best-loved tunes dangerously hits the spot – like petrol poured on a barbecue. The ragged two-part vocals just add to the ambience". That year Jones also produced and played guitar on the self titled debut album by young Melbourne singer/songwriter Jules Sheldon.

paragraph: "Sobering Thoughts", his next solo studio album, was issued on 10 September 2010 on In the Dog House Records. In February 2013 Jones recalled "[it] is my favourite I think. I really like that record. It was easy to do, the songs came together quickly, I really like everybody's playing on it ... [it] was made at a real difficult time in my life. I kind of got through that time by making that record. By purging a whole lot of venom. A record has to have a bit of pain and a lot of action".

paragraph: In May 2012 "Australian Guitar" magazine rated Jones as one of Australia's Top 40 best guitarists. Jones also worked with the Nothing Butts, which had The Drones's Gareth Liddiard on guitar and Fiona Kitschin on bass guitar; and former Beasts of Bourbon band mate, James Baker on drums. They issued an album, "Spencer P. Jones And The Nothing Butts" on Shock Records on 9 November 2012. Late that year he had teamed with Salmon (both ex-Beasts of Bourbon) which resulted in another album, "The Runaways" (February 2013).

paragraph: In June 2018, Jones announced he had been diagnosed with inoperable liver cancer in March, and entered palliative care. He died on 21 August 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rumour of Death" (November 1994)  – Red Eye/Polydor

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Last Gasp" (November 2000)  – Spooky Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lost Anxiety Tapes" (November 2001)  – Spooky Records/MGM Distribution

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fait Accompli" (2003) – Spooky Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Immolation & Amelioration 1995–2005" (7 August 2006)  – Bang! Records , Spooky Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fugitive Songs" (April 2007)  – Spooky Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hang On... Hang On... Live from Melbourne" (2008) – Beast Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sobering Thoughts" (10 September 2010)  – In the Dog House/Aztec

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spencer P. Jones and the Nothing Butts" (9 November 2012)  – Shock Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Runaways" (February 2013)

paragraph: With The Beasts of Bourbon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Axeman's Jazz" (Green/Big Time, 1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sour Mash" (Red Eye, 1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Milk" (Red Eye, 1990)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Extended plays.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "These Days" ep – Spooky/MGM

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The World's Got Everything in It" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What's Got into Him?" (1997)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- General

paragraph: Note: Archived [on-line] copy has limited functionality.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Specific

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Posters: all are titled "Poster advertising performance by Spencer P. Jones at The Continental Café, Prahran, Victoria", held at State Library of Victoria

paragraph: BULLET::::- July 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- October 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- October 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- April 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spencer P Jones Live from Byron", ABC DIG Internet Radio, 9 September 2004

description: New Zealand musician, singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Spencer P. Jones

wikipedia_title: Spencer P. Jones


text: American

text: Ohio

text: Democratic party

text: West Virginia

text: Wilberforce University

text: United States Army

text: law degree

text: Ohio State University

text: NAACP

text: civil rights

text: mayor

text: Dayton, Ohio

text: African-American

text: Prince Hall Freemason

text: Alpha Phi Alpha

categories: Wilberforce University alumni,2006 deaths,People from West Virginia,Ohio State University alumni,Ohio Democrats,20th-century American politicians,1918 births,Mayors of Dayton, Ohio,African-American mayors,African-American people in Ohio politics,American civil rights lawyers

paragraph: James H. McGee

paragraph: James H. "Jim" McGee (November 8, 1918 – March 4, 2006) was an American politician of the Ohio Democratic party.

paragraph: McGee was born in West Virginia and attended Wilberforce University. After serving in the United States Army, he received a law degree from Ohio State University in 1948. McGee, the 23rd President of the Dayton Unit of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACP, was involved as a lawyer in several civil rights cases in the 1960s. He served as a city commissioner and mayor of Dayton, Ohio. He was the first African-American mayor of Dayton and its longest-tenured mayor to date.

paragraph: He was a Prince Hall Freemason, holding membership in Ancient Square Lodge No. 40 of Dayton, Ohio, and was also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In 1988, a major boulevard in Dayton was named for McGee. Formerly known as Western Avenue, in West Dayton, the road is now known as James H. McGee Boulevard from Germantown Street to Little Richmond Road.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Preservation Dayton: List of important Daytonians

description: American politician

wikidata_label: James H. McGee

wikipedia_title: James H. McGee


text: middle and long-distance runner

text: 1972 Olympics

text: 10,000 meters

text: Jim Ryun

text: Frank Shorter

text: Bill Rodgers

text: 1970s "running boom

text: Eugene, Oregon

text: Coos Bay

text: U.S. Army

text: World War II

text: seamstress

text: Germany

text: cross country

text: Physical Education

text: Marshfield High School

text: Bill Bowerman

text: University of Oregon

text: Bill Hayward

text: junior

text: recruited

text: Villanova

text: letter of intent

text: Coos Bay

text: Bill Bowerman

text: Nike

text: Division I

text: Pi Kappa Alpha

text: fraternity

text: Vladimir Kuts

text: Hayward Field

text: Sports Illustrated

text: Track and Field News

text: 5000 meters

text: Olympic Trials

text: 1972 Olympics

text: Munich

text: 5,000 m final

text: negative split

text: Lasse Virén

text: Mohammed Gammoudi

text: Ian Stewart

text: Amateur Athletic Union

text: amateur

text: Nike

text: 1976 Summer Olympics

text: Montreal

text: Frank Shorter

text: Kenny Moore

text: Hendricks Park

text: MGB

text: blood alcohol content

text: traumatic asphyxiation

text: Register-Guard

text: running boom of the 1970s

text: Prefontaine Classic

text: Willamette River

text: Pre's Trail

text: Oregon Tourism Commission

text: Coos Art Museum

text: Oregon Sports Hall of Fame

text: Pete Susick Stadium

text: Nike

text: Dick Buerkle

text: Prefontaine

text: Jared Leto

text: Without Limits

text: Billy Crudup

text: Fire on the Track

text: Oregon

text: Prefontaine Classic

categories: American male long-distance runners,Burials in Oregon,American male middle-distance runners,Athletes (track and field) at the 1971 Pan American Games,Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States,1951 births,Road incident deaths in Oregon,1975 deaths,People from Coos Bay, Oregon,Oregon Ducks men's track and field athletes,Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field),Olympic track and field athletes of the United States,Oregon Ducks men's cross country runners,Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics,Sportspeople from Eugene, Oregon

paragraph: Steve Prefontaine

paragraph: Steve Roland "Pre" Prefontaine (January 25, 1951 – May 30, 1975) was an American middle and long-distance runner who competed in the 1972 Olympics. While running for the Oregon Track Club, Prefontaine set American records at every distance from 2,000 to 10,000 meters, as he prepared for the 1976 Olympics. Prefontaine's career, alongside those of Jim Ryun, Frank Shorter, and Bill Rodgers, generated considerable media coverage, which helped inspire the 1970s "running boom." Prefontaine's celebrity and charisma resulted in two 1990s feature films about his life. He died at age 24 in an automobile accident near his residence in Eugene, Oregon. One of the premier track meets in the world, the Prefontaine Classic, is held annually in Eugene in his honor.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Prefontaine was born on January 25, 1951, in Coos Bay, Oregon. His father, Raymond Prefontaine, was a welder after his time serving in the U.S. Army in World War II. Steve's mother, Elfriede, worked as a seamstress. The two returned to Coos Bay after Ray met Elfriede in Germany while serving with the U.S. occupation The middle child and only son, he had two sisters, Neta and Linda, and they all grew up in a house built by their father.

paragraph: Prefontaine was an exuberant person, even during his formative years. He was always moving around, partaking in different activities. In junior high, Prefontaine was on his school’s football and basketball teams, but was rarely allowed to play because of his short stature. In the eighth grade, he noticed several high school cross country team members jog to practice past the football field, an activity he then viewed as mundane. Later that year, he began to realize he was able to compete well in longer distance races in his Physical Education class during a three-week conditioning period. By the second week of the daily mile runs, Prefontaine was able to finish second in the group. With this new-found success, he fell in love and had fun with cross country.

paragraph: Section::::High school (1965–69).

paragraph: When he got into the school Marshfield High School in the fall of 1965, Prefontaine joined the cross country team, coached by Walt McClure, Jr. McClure had run under coach Bill Bowerman at the University of Oregon in Eugene and his father, Walt McClure, Sr. had run under Bill Hayward, also at Oregon.

paragraph: Prefontaine's freshman and sophomore years were decent, and he managed a personal best of 5:01 in the mile in his first year. Though starting out as the seventh man, he progressed to be the second by the end of the year and placed 53rd in the state championship. In his sophomore year, he failed to qualify for the state meet in his event, the two-mile. However, his coach recalls that it was his sophomore year where his potential in the sport really began to surface.

paragraph: With the advice of Walt McClure, Prefontaine’s high school coach, he took it upon himself to train hard over the summer. He went through his junior cross country season undefeated and won the state title.

paragraph: In his senior year, many of his highest goals were set. He obtained a national record at the Corvallis Invitational with a time of 8:41.5, only one and a half seconds slower than his goal, and 6.9 seconds better than the previous record. He won two more state titles that year after another undefeated season in both the one and two mile

paragraph: Some forty colleges across the nation recruited Prefontaine, and he received numerous phone calls, letters, and drop-in visits from coaches. He referred many of his calls to McClure, who wanted Prefontaine to attend the University of Oregon. McClure turned away those universities that began trying to recruit him late. McClure maintained that he did not sway Prefontaine's collegiate choice, except to ask Steve where all the distance runners went to college.

paragraph: Prefontaine wanted to stay in-state for college and attend the University of Oregon. He had not heard much from Bill Bowerman, the head coach for the University of Oregon. Prefontaine only received letters from Oregon once a month whereas other universities such as Villanova were persistent in recruiting him. As a result, Prefontaine did not know how much Bill Bowerman wanted him to attend Oregon. Bowerman stated that he did not recruit Prefontaine differently from anyone else. It was a matter of principle for him to advise recruits where to attend college, wherever it may be, and to not flood the recruits with correspondence. He had followed Prefontaine's career since he was a sophomore and agreed with McClure in his assessment of Steve being a good runner.

paragraph: It wasn't until Prefontaine read a letter from Bowerman that he made up his mind to attend the University of Oregon. Bowerman wrote that he was certain Prefontaine would become the world's greatest distance runner if he decided to run at Oregon. Although it was an odd promise, Prefontaine was up for the challenge. Sometime after Prefontaine announced that he signed a letter of intent to attend Oregon on the first of May in 1969, Bowerman wrote a letter addressed to the community of Coos Bay describing his appreciation for their role in helping Steve become a great runner.

paragraph: Section::::University of Oregon (1970–73).

paragraph: He decided to enroll at the University of Oregon to train under coach Bill Bowerman (who in 1964 co-founded Blue Ribbon Sports, later known as Nike). He won four 5,000 meter titles in track three times in a row. At this time, he suffered only two more defeats in college (both in the mile), winning three Division I NCAA Cross Country Championships and four straight three-mile/5000-meter titles in track. He was a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity.

paragraph: Prefontaine became a very aggressive front runner, insisting on going out hard and not relinquishing leads, reminiscent of the 1956 Olympic gold medalist Vladimir Kuts, another famous front runner at 5,000 meters. Prefontaine was quoted as saying, "No one will ever win a 5,000 meter by running an easy two miles. Not against me." He would later state, "I am going to work so that it's a pure guts race. In the end, if it is, I'm the only one that can win it". Along with his reputation for leading early instead of holding back until the last lap, Prefontaine had tremendous leg speed; his career best for the mile (3:54.6) was only 3.5 seconds off the world record at the time.

paragraph: A local celebrity, chants of "Pre! Pre! Pre!" became a frequent feature at Hayward Field, a place where famous runners ran. Fans liked to wear T-shirts that read "LEGEND" or "GO PRE", though there was one instance where a group of fans jokingly put on shirts that read "STOP PRE". Prefontaine found humor in the shirts and when offered, decided to wear one for his victory lap. Prefontaine gained national attention and appeared on the cover of "Sports Illustrated" at age 19 in June 1970. He was on the cover of "Track and Field News's" November 1969 issue.

paragraph: In 1972, he began his training for the upcoming Olympic Games in Munich, which had special meaning for his family (his mother was German and his parents had met and married in Germany). Prefontaine set the American record of 13:22.8 in the 5000 meters at the 1972 Olympic Trials in Eugene on July 9. An underdog at the 1972 Olympics in Munich in September, Prefontaine took the lead in the 5,000 m final during the last mile and ended the slow pace of the first two miles, negative splitting the race. In second place at the start of the bell lap, he fell back to third with 200 meters to go. Lasse Virén took the lead in the final turn over silver medalist Mohammed Gammoudi. Prefontaine ran out of gas with 30 meters to go as Britain's hard-charging Ian Stewart caught him from behind and moved into third place within ten meters of the finish, depriving Prefontaine of an Olympic bronze medal.

paragraph: In his four years at Oregon, Prefontaine never lost a collegiate (NCAA) race at 3 miles, 5,000 meters, 6 miles, or 10,000 meters. Returning for his senior he ended his collegiate career with only three defeats in Eugene, all in the mile. It was during this year that Prefontaine began a protracted fight with the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU), which demanded that athletes who wanted to remain "amateur" for the Olympics not be paid for appearances in track meets. Some viewed this arrangement as unfair, because the participants drew large crowds that generated millions of dollars in revenue, with the athletes being forced to shoulder the burden of all their own expenses without assistance. At the time, the AAU was rescinding athletes' amateur status if they were endorsed in any way. Because Prefontaine was accepting free clothes and footwear from Nike, he was subject to the AAU's ruling.

paragraph: Section::::After college (1974–75).

paragraph: Following his collegiate career at Oregon, Prefontaine prepared for the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. While running for the Oregon Track Club, Pre set American records in every race from 2,000 to 10,000 meters.

paragraph: In 1974, Prefontaine was invited to give a presentation at a banquet. It was held in Eugene the night prior to the Junior College Cross Country Championships. Prefontaine talked about the importance of cross country through his own eyes. After his death, the notes Prefontaine made were given to his family.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: In 1975, a group of traveling Finnish athletes took part in an NCAA Prep meet at Hayward Field in Eugene. After the event on Thursday, May 29, which included a 5,000-meter race that Prefontaine won, the Finnish and American athletes attended a party at the home of former Duck runner Geoff Hollister. Shortly after midnight, Prefontaine left the party to drive Frank Shorter to Kenny Moore's home on Prospect Drive, then descended narrow Skyline Boulevard alone, east of the university campus near Hendricks Park. While in the extended right curve near the base, his orange 1973 MGB convertible crossed the center line, jumped the curb, impacted a rock wall () and flipped, trapping him underneath it. A nearby resident was first on the scene and reported he found Prefontaine flat on his back, still alive but pinned beneath the wreck. By the time medics arrived, he was pronounced dead. It had been reported that his blood alcohol content was found by the Eugene Police Department to The official cause of death was traumatic asphyxiation and he had no other injuries that contributed.

paragraph: Prefontaine is buried in his hometown of Coos Bay at Sunset Memorial Park. A day after his funeral in Coos Bay, a memorial service at Hayward Field in Eugene drew thousands.

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Aftermath.

paragraph: Eugene's "Register-Guard" called his death "the end of an era." At his death, Prefontaine was probably the most popular athlete in Oregon and, along with Jim Ryun, Frank Shorter, Jeff Galloway and Bill Rodgers, was credited with sparking the national running boom of the 1970s. An annual track event, the Prefontaine Classic, has been held in his memory since 1975. Known as the "Hayward Field Restoration Meet" in its first two years, it was rebranded as the "Bowerman Classic" for 1975 and set for June 7. Two days after Prefontaine's death, it was renamed by the Oregon Track Club on June 1, with Bill Bowerman's approval, and the first "Pre Classic" was held six days later.

paragraph: During his career, Prefontaine won 120 of the 153 races he ran (), and never lost a collegiate (NCAA) track race longer than one mile at the University of Oregon.

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Memorials.

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Memorials.:Pre's Rock.

paragraph: "Pre's Rock" is a memorial at the base of the roadside boulder where Prefontaine died. An engraved stone memorial with a picture of Prefontaine, it reads:

paragraph: "PRE"

paragraph: Runners inspired by Prefontaine leave behind memorabilia to honor his memory and his continued influence, such as race numbers, medals, and running shoes. Paying such homage to Prefontaine has become a tradition that reaches a height during important or noteworthy running events in Eugene (e.g. the Olympic Trials or the Prefontaine Classic).

paragraph: Pre's Rock was dedicated in December 1997 and is maintained by Eugene Parks and Recreation as "Prefontaine Memorial Park". The rock () is a mile (1.6 km) due east of Hayward Field, just across the Willamette River from the east end of Pre's Trail. On Skyline Boulevard, it is approximately from its intersection with Birch Lane.

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Memorials.:Other memorials.

paragraph: The Prefontaine Memorial, featuring a relief of his face, records, and date of birth, is located at the Coos Bay Visitor Center in Coos Bay. In 2008, ten memorial plaques were laid along the Prefontaine Memorial Race route, the former training grounds of Prefontaine. The plaques bear an image of Prefontaine from his high school yearbook and various quotes and records from his time in Coos Bay. The plaques were part of a grant from the Oregon Tourism Commission, the Coos Bay-North Bend Visitor & Convention Bureau, and the Prefontaine Memorial Committee.

paragraph: Each year on the third Saturday of September in Coos Bay, over a thousand runners engage in the Prefontaine Memorial Run, a 10k run honoring his accomplishments.

paragraph: The Coos Art Museum in Coos Bay contains a section dedicated to Prefontaine. This section includes medals he won during his career and the pair of spikes he wore when setting an American record for the 5,000 meters at Hayward Field.

paragraph: Prefontaine was inducted into the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 1983, where several exhibits showcase his shoes, shirts, and other memorabilia. He was also inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame in upper Manhattan where one of his Oregon track uniforms is on display.

paragraph: The Pete Susick Stadium at Marshfield High School in Coos Bay dedicated their track to honor Prefontaine, in April 2001.

paragraph: Nike used video footage in a commercial titled "Pre Lives" advertising his spirit for their product. On the 30th anniversary of his death in 2005, Nike placed a memorial advertisement in "Sports Illustrated", Eugene's "Register-Guard", and aired a television commercial in his honor. Nike's headquarters have a building named after him.

paragraph: The day after Prefontaine's death, the "Register-Guard" printed "Ode to S. Roland", a poem by chief American rival Dick Buerkle.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Steve Prefontaine's life story has been detailed in two dramatic films: 1997's "Prefontaine" (starring Jared Leto as Prefontaine) and 1998's "Without Limits" (starring Billy Crudup as Prefontaine), as well as the documentary film "Fire on the Track".

paragraph: "Prefontaine" is the fifth track off Madchild's 2013 album "Lawn Mower Man".

paragraph: “Prefontaine” is also the title of Hip hop duo Versatile’s song.

paragraph: Section::::Personal bests.

paragraph: At the time of his death in May 1975, Prefontaine held every American outdoor track record between 2,000 and 10,000 meters. His personal best times over each distance, including those records, are below.

paragraph: Section::::Competition record.

paragraph: While at Oregon Prefontaine won seven NCAA national titles: three in cross country, '70, '71 and '73; and four in track, '70, '71, '72 and '73. He was the first athlete to win four NCAA track titles in the same event.

paragraph: Section::::Competition record.:NCAA championships.:Cross country.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prefontaine redshirted the Fall of 1972 after the Olympics which made him eligible to run cross country in the fall of 1973.

paragraph: Section::::Competition record.:Oregon State high school championships.

paragraph: During his junior and senior years at Marshfield High School Prefontaine went undefeated in both cross country and track.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prefontaine Classic

paragraph: BULLET::::- University of Oregon Athletics: Steve Prefontaine, bio & pix

description: United States long-distance runner

enwikiquote_title: Steve Prefontaine

wikidata_label: Steve Prefontaine

wikipedia_title: Steve Prefontaine


text: Buenos Aires

text: Argentine

text: tango

text: La yumba

text: communist

text: President Juan Perón

text: TodoTango.com - Biography

text: Todo TangoTango.com - Discography

text: Unofficial site

text: Unofficial site

categories: 1995 deaths,Musicians from Buenos Aires,Argentine people of Italian descent,20th-century composers,1905 births,Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres,Orquesta Osvaldo Pugliese,Burials at La Chacarita Cemetery,Argentine tango musicians,Argentine pianists,20th-century pianists,Argentine composers

paragraph: Osvaldo Pugliese

paragraph: Osvaldo Pedro Pugliese (Buenos Aires, December 2, 1905 – July 25, 1995) was an Argentine tango musician. He developed dramatic arrangements that retained strong elements of the walking beat of salon tango but also heralded the development of concert-style tango music.

paragraph: Some of his music, mostly since the 1950s, is used for theatrical dance performances. In Buenos Aires, Pugliese is often played later in the evening when the dancers want to dance more slowly, impressionistically and intimately.

paragraph: Pugliese is a great choice for slower tango dance music, but the arrangements can be a bit more rhythmically challenging than those played by other orchestras. 'Recuerdo' (1924) and 'La yumba' (1946) are two of Pugliese's most popular tangos.

paragraph: Pugliese was outspoken in his political opinions. His communist sympathies, though never violent, at times earned him the hostility of those in power. Populist President Juan Perón is said to have had labor union heavies once intimidate Pugliese by locking him in a sinking boat, rescuing him at the last minute; though the alleged 1949 incident has never been proven (Pugliese, likewise, seldom spoke of it publicly), the day Pres. Perón awarded the great pianist the Order of May (Argentina's highest civilian award), he embraced Pugliese, saying: "Thank you, maestro, for forgiving". Pugliese reportedly responded, "Forgive what?"

paragraph: Pugliese was a man of integrity and humility. He spent years in jail due to his beliefs. The government also restricted his recordings to 10 per year. As a communist, he organized his orchestra as a collective paid his orchestra by their contribution, and earned their loyalty. Quite rare, his core orchestra members (Osvaldo Ruggiero 1st bandomeon, Enrique Camerano 1st violin, Julio Carrasco and Oscar Herrero 2nd violins, Alcides Rossi on double bass) stayed with him nearly 30 years (1939-1968).

paragraph: When he was in jail, he still wrote arrangements and the orchestra still performed, and placed a red carnation on the keyboard of the piano in his honor.

paragraph: At age 80, he was allowed in 1985 to give a concert in Teatro Colon, in Buenos Aires. He received 5 standing ovations. With characteristic humility he said: “The truth is...it’s a night of the people, of the masses, lovers of our genre, our beloved genre, tango.”

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Osvaldo Pugliese Biography (El Recodo Tango)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Osvaldo Pugliese Discography (El Recodo Tango)

paragraph: BULLET::::- TodoTango.com - Biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Todo TangoTango.com - Discography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Unofficial site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Unofficial site

description: Argentine pianist, tango composer

enwikiquote_title: Osvaldo Pugliese

wikidata_label: Osvaldo Pugliese

wikipedia_title: Osvaldo Pugliese


text:
Union Army
Medal of Honor
American Civil War
1st New York Dragoons
Attica, New York
sergeant major
second lieutenant
Attica, New York
Chester B. Bowen
CSA second national flag
Col George S. Patton's
Museum of the Confederacy
Richmond, Virginia
List of Medal of Honor recipients

categories: 1897 deaths,People from Attica, New York,1832 births,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,People of New York (state) in the American Civil War,United States Army soldiers,People from Dansville, New York,American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor

paragraph: Andrew J. Lorish

paragraph: Andrew J. Lorish (November 8, 1832–August 11, 1897) was a Commissary Sergeant in the Union Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the American Civil War.

paragraph: Lorish joined the 1st New York Dragoons from Attica, New York in August 1862. He was promoted to regimental sergeant major the next month, but demoted to private before the end of the year. In October 1863 he became the regimental commissary sergeant. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in May 1865, and mustered out with his regiment in June.

paragraph: Lorish is buried in Forest Hill Cemetery, Attica, New York. His grave can be found in Section 6.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: Commissary Sergeant, 19th New York Cavalry (1st New York Dragoons). Place and date: At Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864. Entered service at:------. Born: November 8, 1832, Dansville, Steuben County, N.Y. Date of issue: September 27, 1864

paragraph: Citation:

paragraph: Amid the enemy he grabbed the flag from a color bearer who then called for help. When the bearer's comrades were readying their rifles he dashed directly at them securing their disarming. As he rode away, the Confederates picked up their guns firing at the captor of their flag.

paragraph: Sgt. Lorish was one of two members of the 1st New York Dragoons to receive the Medal of Honor in this action. The other was Corporal Chester B. Bowen. The flag that was captured by Bowen and Lorish was a CSA second national flag belonging to an unidentified unit in Col George S. Patton's Virginia Infantry Brigade. The flag is now in the possession of the Museum of the Confederacy in Richmond, Virginia.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients

description: American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient

wikidata_label: Andrew J. Lorish

wikipedia_title: Andrew J. Lorish


text:
Union Army
Medal of Honor
American Civil War
corporal
Va.
Vt.
Williamsburg, Mass.
James Sweeney
Stephen Dodson Ramseur
Secretary of War
Edwin M. Stanton
George Custer
sergeant
List of Medal of Honor recipients
Vermont in the Civil War

categories: Burials in Michigan,People from Williamsburg, Massachusetts,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,1911 deaths,People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War,1843 births,United States Army soldiers,American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor

paragraph: Frederick A. Lyon

paragraph: Frederick A. Lyon (June 25, 1843 – September 23, 1911) was a soldier in the Union Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the American Civil War.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: corporal, Company A, First Vermont Cavalry. Place and date: At Cedar Creek, Va., October 19, 1864. Entered service at: Burlington, Vt. Born: June 25, 1843, Williamsburg, Mass. Date of issue: November 26, 1864.

paragraph: Citation:

paragraph: With 1 companion, captured the flag of a Confederate regiment, 3 officers, and an ambulance with its mules and driver.

paragraph: The companion mentioned in his citation was private James Sweeney, who also received the Medal of Honor. One of the captured officers was the mortally wounded general Stephen Dodson Ramseur, who died the next day.

paragraph: Lyon was sent to Washington, D.C. with the captured Confederate battle flag. He was personally introduced to Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton by General George Custer. Stanton personally presented the Medal of Honor to Lyon, who was also promoted to sergeant.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vermont in the Civil War

wikidata_label: Frederick A. Lyon

wikipedia_title: Frederick A. Lyon


text: Swedish

text: track and field

text: modern pentathlete

text: fencer

text: 1928 Summer Olympics

text: pole vault

text: Stora Grabbars Märke

text: Bengt Uggla

text: Swedish Olympic Committee

text: eventing

text: Karlstad

categories: Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics,Olympic fencers of Sweden,Fencers at the 1920 Summer Olympics,Swedish male pole vaulters,People from Solna Municipality,1945 deaths,Modern pentathletes at the 1924 Summer Olympics,Olympic medalists in modern pentathlon,Swedish male fencers,Olympic modern pentathletes of Sweden,Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics,Olympic athletes of Sweden,Athletes (track and field) at the 1912 Summer Olympics,Swedish épée fencers,Fencers at the 1928 Summer Olympics,Olympic bronze medalists for Sweden,Swedish male modern pentathletes,Fencers at the 1924 Summer Olympics,1890 births,Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)

paragraph: Bertil Uggla

paragraph: Bertil Gustafsson Uggla (19 August 1890 – 29 September 1945) was a Swedish track and field athlete, modern pentathlete, and fencer. He competed in these sports at the 1912, 1920, 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics and won two bronze medals: in the pole vault in 1912 and in the modern pentathlon in 1924. The 1912 pole vaulting competition was unusual in that two silver and three bronze medals were given to athletes who cleared equal heights. Uggla was awarded Stora Grabbars Märke in 1928.

paragraph: Uggla was a son of general and elder brother of the modern pentathlete Bengt Uggla. He was well known in Sweden for his morning gymnastics programs on Swedish radio from 1929 to 1945. He was also head of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (1945) and secretary of the Swedish gymnastics (1920–26) and fencing federations (1925–28); between 1928 and 1945 he was a member of Swedish Olympic Committee. Colonel Uggla died in an accident while preparing for an eventing competition in a forest outside Karlstad.

description: Swedish pole vaulter, modern pentathlete and fencer

wikidata_label: Bertil Uggla

wikipedia_title: Bertil Uggla


text: Finnish

text: Lutheran

text: bishop

text: Bishop of Turku

text: Paulus Juusten

text: Diocese of Viipuri

text: University of Rostock

text: David Chytraeus

text: Gävle

text: Petrus Benedicti

text: Christian Agricola

text: John III

text: Church Order

text: Church Fathers

text: Liturgical Struggle

text: Constantinople

text: Orthodox Church

text: Patriarch Jeremias II of Constantinople

text: Synod of Uppsala

text: Olaus Stephani Bellinus

text: secretly Calvinist

text: Duke Charles

text: War against Sigismund

text: book of sermons

text: List of Bishops of Turku

text: Ericus Erici

text: JSTOR

categories: 17th-century Finnish people,1625 deaths,1546 births,16th-century Finnish people,Signatories of the Uppsala Synod,16th-century Lutheran bishops,17th-century Lutheran bishops,Lutheran sermon writers,Lutheran archbishops and bishops of Turku

paragraph: Ericus Erici Sorolainen

paragraph: Ericus Erici Sorolainen (1546–1625) was a Finnish Lutheran bishop, a Bishop of Turku from 1583 to 1625 as the successor to Paulus Juusten; and the administrator of the Diocese of Viipuri.

paragraph: After his ordination to priesthood, he was sent to University of Rostock (rector of which was then David Chytraeus). After his studies he became 1578 headmaster of the school in Gävle. 1583 he was consecrated as bishop together with Petrus Benedicti of Linköping , Nicolaus Stephani of Växjö, and Christian Agricola of Tallinn with catholic ceremonies of the liturgy of John III. Soon after their episcopal consecration, these bishops had to sign a commitment to new Church Order ("Nova Ordinantia"), king John's liturgy, medieval tradition of church music and to use of some specific episcopal ceremonies, in addition to emphasis on study of Church Fathers. This was part of the Liturgical Struggle. King John even planned sending Sorolainen to Constantinople for ecumenical dialogue with Orthodox Church. This dialogue was already formerly initiated by Tübingen theologians with Patriarch Jeremias II of Constantinople. Later in Synod of Uppsala (1593), bishop Sorolainen together with Bishop Olaus Stephani Bellinus made secretly Calvinist Duke Charles his enemy by initiative of banning Calvinism in Sweden, which was decided by the synod. When Duke Charles became Regent, after his War against Sigismund, son of his brother John III, he used his opportunity to revenge to Bishop Sorolainen by imprisoning him for alleged "popery", which was although annulled by Diet of Lingköping. 1609 King Charles seems to have forgotten his earlier anger and distrust to Sorolainen.

paragraph: Sorolainen was also a noted writer, publishing his first work in 1614. He translated into Finnish the service book of 1614, wrote a large catechism (1614). Between 1621 and 1625 he published a book of sermons in Stockholm entitled "Postilla".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Bishops of Turku

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martti Parvio's biography in the reprint of Postilla.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ericus Erici, article in Nordisk familjebok

paragraph: BULLET::::- Liturgical Developments in Sweden and Finland in the Era of Lutheran Orthodoxy (1593-1700) by Toivo Harjunpää (JSTOR)

description: Finnish bishop

wikidata_label: Ericus Erici Sorolainen

wikipedia_title: Ericus Erici Sorolainen


href: France gymnastics 1924%20Summer%20Olympics Paris

text:
French
gymnast
1924 Summer Olympics
Paris

categories: 1898 births,1979 deaths,Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics,Olympic silver medalists for France,French male artistic gymnasts,Gymnasts at the 1924 Summer Olympics,Olympic medalists in gymnastics,Olympic gymnasts of France

paragraph: François Gangloff

paragraph: François Gangloff (11 July 1898 – 16 March 1979) was a French gymnast and Olympic medalist.

paragraph: He competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, where he received a silver medal in "sidehorse vault", and a silver medal and in "team combined exercises".

description: gymnast

wikidata_label: François Gangloff

wikipedia_title: François Gangloff


text:
Sicilian
landscape painters
Belle Époque
Palermo
Natoli
prince
Patti
Bourbon
Carini
William Galt
court
bohemian
Florio
Lanza
Francesco Lojacono
Sicilian
landscape artist
Vincenzo Ragusa
O'Tama
Umberto of Savoy
Margherita
Jean-Léon Gérôme
Rome
eternal city
Francesco Paolo Michetti
Contarini
marquesal
Venice
Risorgimento
Antonio Leto
Teatro Massimo
osteria
Palermitan
Trabia
balls
Macchiaioli
Impressionists
Giuseppe De Nittis
Galleria d'Arte Moderna
Umberto of Savoy
Umberto of Savoy
Naples
Turin
Milan
Teatro Massimo
Rome
Whitaker Foundation

categories: 1914 deaths,1855 births,19th-century Italian painters,People from Palermo

paragraph: Michele Catti

paragraph: Michele Catti (5 April 1855 - 4 July 1914) was an Italian artist, considered one of the most important Sicilian landscape painters of the Belle Époque.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Catti was born in Palermo on April 5, 1855 to Andrea Catti and Carmela Riotta. He was the second son in a family of 4 brothers and 3 sisters.

paragraph: His father, born to Michele Catti and Concetta Natoli of the princely family originally from Patti, belonged to a prominent family of judges and lawyers in the Bourbon administration. He wanted Catti to also start legal studies in Palermo and was therefore sent to his aunt Sabina Distefano in Palermo, as the family had relocated to nearby Carini. Although his father envisioned that he would follow him in his legal career, Catti was not convinced of this choice and abandoned the studies he was enrolled in. Subsequently his father ceased his financial support and broke all communications with his son. Nonetheless, his aunt continued to host and nourish him. His father's cousin Luigi Natoli, who would become famous himself as a writer under the pseudonym William Galt and as one of Catti's most important endorsers, supported him financially when Catti broke with his father.

paragraph: Soon however Catti tried, by writing to his father's influential friends, to re-establish contact with him and in the end some friends made him reconcile with his son. Despite the fact that the relationship between the two remained difficult, his father arranged for his son to start working as a clerk at the court of Palermo. This work was a restraint for a bohemian like him. During this time he spent a great deal of time with , who encouraged him in his painting and introduced him to the Palermo salons of the wealthy Florio, Lanza and Trabia families and studios of the main artistic personalities of the time. The young Michele Catti, brilliant and extrovert, gained the esteem of the painter Francesco Lojacono, the foremost Sicilian landscape artist in this period, who took him in as a pupil. Catti initially followed the lessons of the Lojacono with great enthusiasm and, distinguished for his talent and disposition, became his student. But tired of focusing on technical painting and the sensitivity of Lojacono, he soon moved on.

paragraph: Around 1875, Catti met the artist Vincenzo Ragusa, who had just returned to Palermo with his wife, artist O'Tama, from Japan, where he had opened a painting school that had been very successful. He immediately hit it off with him, and enthusiastic about the many Japanese components he had introduced in his art, they planned to open a school together, but the sad economic situation and the precarious state of his health prevented this. In 1875 Catti decided to participate in the exhibition organized in Montevergini, for the Congress of Scientists held in Palermo. Catti, unknown to anyone, prepared a work especially for the exhibition, "Burrasca d’autunno", a canvas of 50 x 80 cm. His painting was considered one of the most beautiful works of the exhibition and one of the men who bestowed him with such compliments was Francesco Lojacono.

paragraph: At the inauguration all the nobility of Palermo was present, accompanying the honored guests Prince Umberto of Savoy and Margherita along with other personalities. Umberto, after being introduced by Prince Ferdinando Monroy, gave him his hand and said, "You are from Palermo. It is good that you honor your homeland." After a short conversation Umberto bought the painting. He also received a flattering appraisal by the French painter and sculptor Jean-Léon Gérôme, who said during the exhibition that Catti was a revelation. In 1881 he participated in the Fine Arts Exhibition of the Milan National Exhibition with the seascape "Crepuscolo." Nonetheless, Michele Catti took only one trip outside of Sicily in his whole life. Together with , he went to Rome in 1883. In the eternal city painter Francesco Paolo Michetti, admiring his paintings, invited him to work in his studio, but Catti appears to have declined. He went back after several months with the conviction of devoting himself entirely to painting the reality of Sicily.Returning to Palermo, he married Maria Anna Contarini, of a marquesal family originally from Venice, on 7 April 1888. From this marriage came four children: Ugo, Carmela, Laura and Aurelio. Unfortunately the economic situation in Sicily following the Risorgimento was dire and this affected the Catti family as well.

paragraph: After 1885, Catti abandoned his realistic approach, to an impressionism possibly inspired by the works of Antonio Leto, characterized by a wide and sparse brushstroke. In 1891 he exhibited again in Milan and at the "Promotrice" in Palermo, where he also exhibited in 1893. In 1892 he painted "Castel di Tusa" and in 1896 he obtained a personal success at the exhibition held at the Circolo Artico di Palermo with the paintings "Estate", "Primavera", "Autunno" e "Inverno" (the 4 seasons). He held a personal exhibition in 1898 and in 1900 he exhibited at the "Belle Arti" exhibition at the Teatro Massimo.

paragraph: Catti also had a pupil, Erminio Kremp, with whom he spent many hours in the osteria drinking. His friendship with Kremp was important in his life as a man and artist. Apart from Kremp he had many noble Palermitan friends who appreciated him, besides his artistic talent, for his remarkable qualities: he was, in fact, a brilliant, generous and pleasant man in gatherings. Testimony to his sociability and charisma, the Prince of Trabia regularly organized balls in his honor or following his successes at various exhibitions, and Prince Tasca Lanza could often be found at Catti's home.

paragraph: Catti exhibited in Palermo and also outside the island, but he had little contact with artists from other regions, although his works include typical techniques and manners of the Tuscan Macchiaioli painters and the Impressionists themselves. Meeting and befriending painter Giuseppe De Nittis was therefore important to Catti, as he could talk of his French experiences and the local art movements. His most mature works, characterized by a smooth brushstroke and a robust and vibrant style, are early twentieth-century: he appreciated sad autumn atmospheres, gray skies, and cold windy days, which he portrayed with dim and melancholic tones. In 1901 he composed "Donna a passeggio", in 1903 "Paesaggio paludoso", in 1906 "Via Libertà" and "Donna che raccoglie i fiori", in 1908 "Scogli a riva", in 1910 "Alberi a riva", "Barche", "Marina con scogli". Organized by Edoardo Alfano, he held a large personal exhibition in 1910 in Palermo where thirty-six of his works were presented. In 1911 he was awarded the gold medal at the National Exhibition of Rome for the picture "Ultime foglie (Il viale della Libertà in una giornata di pioggia)" of 1906.

paragraph: In his last years his health became very bad and his eyesight worsened to such extent that he was no longer able to paint. Michele Catti died on July 4, 1914 in Palermo. Apart from his works in Palermo's Galleria d'Arte Moderna, the Fondazione Sicilia at Villa Zito and numerous galleries, most of Catti's works remain in private collections, primarily in Palermo, Sicily - his homeland, as Prince Umberto of Savoy said in 1875.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibited at Palermo (exhibition of Montevergini) of 'Burrasca d'autunno', bought by Prince Umberto of Savoy, 1875

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibited and rewarded at Palermo, 1876

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibited at Naples, 1877

paragraph: BULLET::::- Participated in an exhibition in Naples, 1887

paragraph: BULLET::::- Participated in the National Exhibition of Turin, 1880

paragraph: BULLET::::- Participated in the National Exhibition of Milan, 1881

paragraph: BULLET::::- Participated in the National Exhibition of Palermo, 1891

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibited at the Promotrice of Palermo, 1893

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibited at Circolo Artistico, Palermo, 1896

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibited in Palermo, 1898

paragraph: BULLET::::- Participated in the exhibition of the Belle Arti in Teatro Massimo, 1900

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibited in Palermo, 1910

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibition in Palermo, 1929

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibition in Rome, 1953

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibition in Palermo at the Whitaker Foundation, 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibition in Agrigento, Complesso Chiaramontano, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibition in Agrigento, Complesso Chiaramontano, 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibition in Palermo, Galleria Beatrice, 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibition in Palermo, Fondazione Sant'Elia, 2013

wikidata_label: Michele Catti

wikipedia_title: Michele Catti


text:
Stanislav Oblast
Ukrainian SSR
Yaremche
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ukraine
Ukrainian Greek Catholic
Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Kolomyia
Archiepiscopal Exarch of Odessa-Krym
Kolomyia – Chernivtsi
Benda
Western Ukraine
Rivne
priest
Ternopil
Pontifical Gregorian University
Rome
licentiate degree
Stare Misto
Pidhaitsi
Protosynkellos
Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Zboriv
Protosynkellos
Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Sokal
consecrated
Episcopate
Archiepiscopal Exarch of Odessa-Krym
consecrator
Lubomyr Husar
Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

categories: 1960 births,21st-century Eastern Catholic bishops,Ukrainian Eastern Catholics,Pontifical Gregorian University alumni,People from Yaremche,Living people

paragraph: Vasyl Ivasyuk

paragraph: Bishop Vasyl Ivasyuk (; born 21 January 1960 in Dora, Stanislav Oblast, Ukrainian SSR /present day Yaremche, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine/) is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch as an Eparchial Bishop of Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Kolomyia since 13 February 2014 (until 12 September 2017 with title of "Kolomyia – Chernivtsi"). Previously he served as an Archiepiscopal Exarch of Odessa-Krym from 28 July 2003 until 13 February 2014 and as an Archiepiscopal Administrator of the Kolomyia – Chernivtsi from 25 May 2013 until 13 February 2014 as a Titular Bishop of Benda.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Bishop Ivasyuk was born in a family of clandestine Greek-Catholics in the Western Ukraine. He joined a clandestine theological seminary, while studying in the Melioration Institute in Rivne.

paragraph: He was ordained as a priest on August 16, 1989, and worked as pastor among the faithful of the "Catacomb Church". Then Fr. Ivasyuk continued his theological studies in the Theological Seminary in Ternopil and in the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, obtaining a licentiate degree in dogmatic theology. At the same time, from 1989 until 1990 he served as parish priest in Stare Misto and Pidhaitsi and from 1990 until 1993 as a parish priest and Dean of Berezhany Deanery. Later he served a Protosynkellos of the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Zboriv and after returning from his high studies in Rome, as a Protosynkellos of the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Sokal.

paragraph: On July 28, 2003 Fr. Ivasyuk was appointed and on September 28, 2003 was consecrated to the Episcopate as the first Archiepiscopal Exarch of Odessa-Krym. The principal consecrator was Cardinal Lubomyr Husar, the Head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.

wikidata_label: Vasyl Ivasiuk

wikipedia_title: Vasyl Ivasyuk


text:
Soviet
Soviet
General Secretary
Leonid Brezhnev
Komsomol
Moscow State University
police officer
Galina Brezhneva
Lieutenant Colonel
General Secretary
Leonid Brezhnev
love
wedding
Ministry of Internal Affairs
embezzlement
corruption
Yuri
divorce

wikipedia_title: General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

wikipedia_title: Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)

categories: Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union members,2013 deaths,Soviet politicians,1936 births,Brezhnev family

paragraph: Yuri Churbanov

paragraph: Yuri Mikhailovich Churbanov (; 11 November 1936 – 7 October 2013) was a Soviet politician and the son-in-law of Soviet politician and longtime General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Churbanov was born on 11 November 1936. As a young boy he was an active member of the Komsomol. He attended the Moscow State University in the 1960s and studied in the Faculty of Law. In 1967 he started working as a police officer, and in 1971 before his marriage to Galina Brezhneva, became a Lieutenant Colonel of the Police. His marriage to Galina was arranged by her father, General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev. When marrying Galina Churbanov left his wife and his two children. A friend of Galina has told the Russian media that there was no love between the two, and that they kissed only two times, the first at their wedding and the second when Churbanov was sent to jail. However, Churbanov's marriage to Galina led to him being rapidly promoted. When he married Galina he was working as a police officer, however, four years later he was First Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and held the military rank of General. Churbanov was arrested on charges of embezzlement and corruption along with Galina's brother, Yuri. In 1990, when Churbanov was still in jail, Galina filed for a divorce.

paragraph: Churbanov died on 7 October 2013.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Visited London in July 1973 with Galina.

description: First Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs

wikidata_label: Yuri Churbanov

wikipedia_title: Yuri Churbanov


text:
Czartoryski coat of arms
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
noble
Czartoryski family
Castellan
Wołyń
Voivode of Podolia
voivode of Wołyń

wikipedia_title:
Czartoryski coat of arms
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Szlachta
Czartoryski
Castellan
Volhynia
Podolian Voivodeship
Volhynian Voivodeship (1569–1795)

categories: Czartoryski family,1603 births,1662 deaths

paragraph: Mikołaj Jerzy Czartoryski

paragraph: Mikołaj Jerzy Czartoryski (1603–1662) of Czartoryski coat of arms was a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth noble and politician. Member of the Czartoryski family. Castellan of Wołyń (Volhyia) from 1633. Voivode of Podolia (1655), voivode of Wołyń (1657).

paragraph: His marriage to Izabella Korecka was a significant boost to the wealth of his family.

wikidata_label: Mikołaj Jerzy Czartoryski

wikipedia_title: Mikołaj Jerzy Czartoryski


text: Catholic Church

text: Holy See

text: Ecuador

text: Cuenca

text: Alcázar del Rey

text: Diocese of Cuenca

text: Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy

text: Pope John Paul II

text: titular archbishop

text: Apostolic Nuncio

text: Democratic Republic of the Congo

text: Gabon

text: Angelo Sodano

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Panama

text: Pope Francis

categories: 1955 births,Apostolic Nuncios to Gabon,Apostolic Nuncios to Panama,Apostolic Nuncios to the Republic of the Congo,Living people

paragraph: Andrés Carrascosa Coso

paragraph: Andrés Carrascosa Coso (born 16 December 1955) is a Spanish prelate of the Catholic Church who works in the diplomatic service of the Holy See. He has been Apostolic Nuncio to Ecuador since 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in the Spanish city of Cuenca on 16 December 1955, he was raised in the municipality of Alcázar del Rey. He studied at the Major Seminary of Saint Julian, and was ordained a priest of the Diocese of Cuenca on 2 July 1980. In 1981 he entered the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy.

paragraph: On 31 July 2004, Pope John Paul II appointed him titular archbishop of Elo and Apostolic Nuncio of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. On 26 August he named him Nuncio to Gabon as well. He received his episcopal consecration on 7 October from Cardinal Angelo Sodano.

paragraph: On 12 January 2009, Pope Benedict XVI appointed him Apostolic Nuncio to Panama.

paragraph: On 22 June 2017, Pope Francis appointed him Apostolic Nuncio to Ecuador.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Hierarchy: Archbishop Andrés Carrascosa Coso

description: Spanish priest

wikidata_label: Andrés Carrascosa Coso

wikipedia_title: Andrés Carrascosa Coso


text:
American
blues
musician
guitar
harmonica
NorthernBlues Music
Toronto
Ontario
University of Oregon
Oklahoma State University
Boston, Massachusetts
North Carolina
harmonica
John Lee Hooker
Robert Cray
Champion Jack Dupree
Bonnie Raitt
"Country" Joe McDonald
Canned Heat
Vietnam Veterans Against the War
Pushmataha County, Oklahoma

categories: American blues harmonica players,Independent Music Awards winners,1949 births,University of Oregon alumni,Middlebury College alumni,20th-century American guitarists,American male singers,Singers from Oklahoma,Slide guitarists,American male guitarists,Blues musicians from Oklahoma,American blues singers,American blues guitarists,Living people,Guitarists from Oklahoma,Oklahoma State University alumni

paragraph: Watermelon Slim

paragraph: William P. Homans III, (born 1949) professionally known as "Watermelon Slim", is an American blues musician. He plays both guitar and harmonica. He is currently signed to NorthernBlues Music, based in Toronto, Ontario. Homans has also earned bachelor's and master's degrees from University of Oregon and Oklahoma State University.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Homans was born in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, but has said that he was raised in North Carolina, where he was first exposed to blues music from about the time he was five years old. During childhood, he sang in choirs and glee clubs. Homans later explained that he first played music in 1958, on a set of bongo drums. A year later, he acquired a harmonica. It took almost a decade before he became sufficiently experienced to take on a professional gig at Middlebury College in Vermont.

paragraph: Homans has been performing since the 1970s and has been linked to several notable blues musicians, including John Lee Hooker, Robert Cray, Champion Jack Dupree, Bonnie Raitt, "Country" Joe McDonald, and Henry Vestine of Canned Heat.

paragraph: The first recording project to feature Homans was "Merry Airbrakes", an album recorded and released on a small label in 1973 after returning from a tour of duty in Vietnam. This song, which he wrote, has been described as "furiously anti-war." Homans had become, after his return home, involved with Vietnam Veterans Against the War, and the album had songs with lyrics reflecting drug use, spiritual exploration, and involvement with the emotional cost of fighting "enemies." The album, originals of which are now highly collectible, has been re-released.

paragraph: In Vietnam, he contracted an illness that put him in a Cam Ranh Bay military hospital. While convalescing, he started playing a Vietnamese guitar, made with balsa wood and rusty metal strings. His guitar pick was a Zippo cigarette lighter. When he was transferred back to the U.S., he was not allowed to bring his Vietnamese guitar along, so he bought a new American guitar shortly after his arrival and continued to develop this new skill. By 1979, he felt adrift in the Boston area and naively decided to move to Oklahoma, buy some land and earn a living as a farmer. He grew many different crops, from cantaloupes to artichokes, but the farm was never a financial success, merely a sideline. Homans later said that watermelons were the one crop on which never lost money. After Vietnam, Homans spent most of his adult life working for a living as a truck driver, just to make ends meet.

paragraph: According to "Oklahoma Magazine", Homans was living on a truck farm in July, 1980, in Pushmataha County, Oklahoma when he first adopted the moniker "Watermelon Slim."

paragraph: He never stopped playing music, and hooked up with some professional players in Oregon in 1984. This improved his skills and gave him confidence in his music abilities. Then he went to Europe, intending to establish himself as a soloist. When that attempt failed, he returned to Boston and truck driving. In 1993, he returned to his 'truck patch" in Oklahoma, where he has been based ever since. He also formed his supporting band, "The Workers."

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Watermelon Slim

wikipedia_title: Watermelon Slim


text:
Hiroshima
Kyoto
nihonga
yōga
Buddhist
Kyoto City University of Arts
Kōbe
Heavenly Stems
sexagenary cycle
Tsuchida Bakusen
Osaka
Kamo
Paul Gauguin
Pacific War
National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto
Archives of Asian Art
Selected drawings
National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo

categories: 1945 deaths,Artists from Kyoto,Nihonga painters,Japanese painters,Buddhist artists,1887 births

paragraph: Hata Teruo

paragraph: Hata Teruo (Japanese: 秦 テルヲ; 20 March 1887, Hiroshima - 25 December 1945, Kyoto) was a Japanese painter and graphic artist. In his works, he attempted to synthesize the nihonga and yōga styles. Many of his later works have Buddhist themes.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: His family was apparently Christian. He lost his father at the age of nine, which resulted in straitened economic circumstances. Nevertheless, he was able to graduate from the Municipal School of Arts and Crafts (now the Kyoto City University of Arts); intending to become an industrial designer to support his family. At first, he painted in Kyoto and Kōbe, focusing on scenes from the hard lives of the working poor and their meager living quarters. In 1909, he joined an organization of young painters known as the "Heigo Group", named after one of the Heavenly Stems in the sexagenary cycle, meaning "To Strike".

paragraph: The following year, he also joined the short-lived "Black Cat Group", founded by , Tsuchida Bakusen and . Following the breakup of that group, he never joined any others. In 1913, together with , he established the "Banka-Teruo Exhibition" in Kyoto, as a protest against the official government exhibition.

paragraph: After 1914 he led a restless life, living in Osaka, Kōbe and Tokyo, where he painted bleak industrial scenes and graphic portraits of prostitutes. Following a serious illness in 1919, he got married and when his first child was born, in 1921, he settled in the village of Kamo. At that time, he became interested in the works of Paul Gauguin and began to create paintings with Buddhist themes, having become disillusioned with Christianity. In 1929, he moved into central Kyoto. During the Pacific War he focused on small drawings; mostly with a melancholy content.

paragraph: He is now remembered largely for his idiosyncratic portrayals of mothers and their children.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hata Teruo" In: "Kyōto no Nihonga 1910–1930", (exhibition catalog) National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto, 1986. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laurance P. Roberts: "Hata Teruo". In: "A Dictionary of Japanese Artists". Weatherhill, 1976. .

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John D. Szostak, " Two Paths to the Pure Land: The Niga-byakudō Theme and the Modernist Buddhist Art of Hada Teruo", "Archives of Asian Art", Vol. 57 (2007), pp. 121-150

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Selected drawings in the collection of the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo.

wikidata_label: Teruo Hada

wikipedia_title: Hata Teruo


text:
stock car racing
NASCAR
Dells Motor Speedway
Madison International Speedway
Midwest All Racing Series
American Speed Association
North Wilkesboro Speedway
Darlington Speedway
Nextel Cup
2006 USG Sheetrock 400
David Ragan
Mark Martin
AAA
Nextel Cup
Busch Series
3M
Mark Martin
3M
Ford Fusion
Greg Biffle
Dish Network
Ford Fusion
Jamie McMurray
Team 42 Racing
Memphis Motorsports Park
World Financial Group
Shell Rotella T
Ford
Roush Fenway Racing
Craftsman Truck Series
Camping World Truck Series
MRD Motorsports
Drivers page at NASCAR.com

categories: 1978 births,3M people,NASCAR drivers,American Speed Association drivers,21st-century American racing drivers,20th-century American racing drivers,People from Sun Prairie, Wisconsin,Living people

paragraph: Todd Kluever

paragraph: Todd Alan Kluever ( ; born July 6, 1978) is an American stock car racing driver. He raced in all of the top three NASCAR series in the 2000s.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Kluever began his career by racing motorcycles for over nine years before he moved into full-bodied stock cars at a local track. He raced stock cars in the summer and snowmobiles during the Wisconsin winters. Kluever was the 2000 Rookie of the Year at Dells Motor Speedway in Wisconsin. In 2001, he won the Madison International Speedway Late Model Track Champion, and the Midwest All Racing Series (MARS) Championship and Rookie of the Year. He began racing in the American Speed Association in 2002, and finished 10th in the final points standings. He finished seventh in the 2003 final points standings. In 2004, he had four Top 10 finishes in 13 races, but the series' existence ended during the season. In October 2004, he was given the opportunity to participate in the at North Wilkesboro Speedway. He beat out 25 drivers to make the final round at Darlington Speedway. He beat out nine other drivers to win the seat in a Roush truck.

paragraph: Section::::NASCAR career.

paragraph: Section::::NASCAR career.:Nextel Cup Series.

paragraph: In 2006, Kluever was slated to race in six NASCAR Nextel Cup events in the No. 06 car during the season in preparation for a full season in 2007, beginning with the 2006 USG Sheetrock 400. However, David Ragan instead replaced the departing Mark Martin in the No. 6 AAA-sponsored Ford full-time in Nextel Cup in 2007.

paragraph: Section::::NASCAR career.:Busch Series.

paragraph: For the 2006 season, Kluever moved to the Busch Series to drive the Roush Racing No. 06 3M Ford. He severely underwhelmed in 2006, notching only four top tens and finishing 17th in points, despite running every race in superior equipment – finishing on the lead lap proved exceptionally difficult for Kluever. In 2007, instead of replacing Mark Martin in the No. 6, he drove 16 races in the Busch Series for Roush Racing, in the No. 16 3M Ford Fusion with Greg Biffle and the No. 26 Dish Network Ford Fusion with Jamie McMurray. Roush said they did not have enough money to put him in a car in 2008 and said he was free to look for other rides, but he did not find one and missed the entire 2008 season. For 2009, Kluever drove the Team 42 Racing car at Memphis Motorsports Park, but failed to qualify.

paragraph: Section::::NASCAR career.:Craftsman Truck Series.

paragraph: In 2005, he drove the No. 50 World Financial Group / Shell Rotella T Ford for Roush Fenway Racing in the Craftsman Truck Series. His 12 Top tens finishes and six top five finishes earned him 11th place in the final points standings and the Rookie of the Year award. In 2009, he ran the Camping World Truck Series race at Gateway in the No. 8 for MRD Motorsports. He finished 12th.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Drivers page at NASCAR.com

description: American racing driver

wikidata_label: Todd Kluever

wikipedia_title: Todd Kluever


text: King of Italy

text: Margrave of Ivrea

text: Otto III

text: Basilica of San Michele Maggiore

text: Pavia

text: Archbishop of Milan

text: Henry II

text: Rome

text: Abbey of Fruttuaria

text: Pombia

text: Kingdom of Italy

text: Holy Roman Empire

text: Otto I

text: Berengar II

text: Anscarid

text: March of Ivrea

text: Conrad

text: Pombia

text: Arduin Glaber

text: Dado, Count of Pombia

text: Bertha

text: Otbert II, Margrave of Milan

text: Ivrea

text: Agliè

text: Brosso

text: Castellamonte

text: Front

text: Rivarolo

text: Conrad

text: March of Ivrea

text: Otto III

text: Burgaria

text: Lomello

text: Ossola

text: Pombia

text: Stazzona

text: Vercelli

text: Ivrea

text: Novara

text: Vercelli

text: Vigevano

text: Pavia

text: Milan

text: Otto III

text: Bishop of Vercelli

text: Warmund of Ivrea

text: Pope Sylvester II

text: Novara

text: Como

text: Piedmont

text: Pavia

text: Arnulf of Milan

text: Archbishop of Milan

text: Frederick, Archbishop of Ravenna

text: Henry II

text: March of Verona

text: Otto I of Carinthia

text: battle at Fabrica

text: Brenta

text: Trento

text: Verona

text: Orco Valley

text: Pope Benedict VIII

text: Abbey of Fruttuaria

text: denarius

text: in the grace of God

categories: Margraves of Ivrea,11th-century kings of Italy,People temporarily excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church,1015 deaths,Anscarids,950s births,Kings of Italy

paragraph: Arduin of Ivrea

paragraph: Arduin (; c.955 – 14 December 1015) was an Italian nobleman who was King of Italy from 1002 until 1014.

paragraph: In 990 Arduin became Margrave of Ivrea and in 991 Count of the Sacred Palace of the Lateran in Rome. In 1002, after the death of Emperor Otto III, the Italian nobles elected him King of Italy in the Basilica of San Michele Maggiore in Pavia, making him the first non-German on the Italian throne in 41 years. Arduin was considered the choice of the nobility and opposed by the episcopate, but he was initially supported by the Archbishop of Milan.

paragraph: In Germany, however, Henry II was elected to succeed Otto, and he contested Arduin's election in Italy. In 1004, Henry invaded Italy, defeated Arduin and was crowned king in Pavia. He soon withdrew back to Germany, and Arduin was able to reassert his authority at least in the northwest of Italy for the next decade. Henry II invaded Italy again in 1014 and was proclaimed Emperor in Rome, at which point Arduin was finally forced to relinquish his crown. He died soon after at the Abbey of Fruttuaria, ending the independence of the Kingdom of Italy from Germany.

paragraph: The study of Arduin's reign has been bedeviled by the many forged diplomas in his name. These caused older scholarship to overrate his importance after Henry's first expedition in 1004, but it is now clear that Arduin's sphere of influence was restricted to a small part of Italy after that. He did, however, have continuing support in Pavia.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Arduin was born around 955 in Pombia during a period in which the Kingdom of Italy was struggling to maintain its independence from the ambitions of the Holy Roman Empire. Italy was conquered in 961 by Emperor Otto I, and the Italian King Berengar II was deposed. Arduin, Berengar's grand-nephew, was only a boy when this happened. Although Otto unified the crowns of Italy and Germany, this did not erase the influence of Berengar's Anscarid dynasty in northern Italy, as the March of Ivrea was inherited by Berengar's third son Conrad.

paragraph: In the subsequent years, the political situation in Northern Italy was marked by the struggle between the bishops (who at the time were high-ranking nobles appointed by the Emperor himself to rule the largest fiefs, and who thus owed their fortune to their personal relationship with him) and the minor nobles, whose only source of livelihood were small, rural fiefs, and who were threatened by the expansionism of the bishops.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Margrave of Ivrea.

paragraph: Arduin was born around 955 in Pombia and named after his maternal grandfather, Arduin Glaber. His father, Dado, Count of Pombia, was a nephew of King Berengar II. Arduin married Bertha, who is often said to be the daughter of Otbert II, Margrave of Milan. They had three sons: Arduin (sometimes called Ardicino), Otto, and Guibert. From them descended the later counts of Ivrea and in turn those of Agliè, Brosso, Castellamonte, Front and Rivarolo.

paragraph: In 990, Arduin succeeded his kinsman Conrad in the March of Ivrea. Conrad was Berengar II's son and was married to a daughter of Arduin Glaber. It is unclear if Arduin was appointed to Ivrea by the king–emperor Otto III or if he succeeded as Conrad's heir. The March of Ivrea, since its restructuring under Berengar II in 950, consisted of the counties of Burgaria, Ivrea, Lomello, Ossola, Pombia, Stazzona and Vercelli, and the dioceses of Ivrea, Novara, Vercelli, and Vigevano, plus part of the dioceses Pavia and Milan. Arduin became Count of the Sacred Palace of the Lateran in Rome in 991.

paragraph: During his rule in Ivrea, Arduin backed the claims of the monastic orders and of the minor nobles, a policy that inevitably led to clashes with the imperially appointed bishops. The hostility turned into open conflict in the year 997, when the Emperor Otto III granted to Pietro, Bishop of Vercelli, the fief of Caresana. Arduin did not recognise the donation. There were riots in the city of Vercelli between the knights and the bishop's followers, during which the bishop was killed. Arduin intervened in the city, formally to restore order; during the clashes, the cathedral, where the bishop had been interred, was burned. The bishop-count Warmund of Ivrea condemned Arduin for the killing of Pietro, excommunicated him, and obtained from the Emperor a proclamation that the city of Ivrea, along with the land for three miles outside the walls, was free from Arduin's rule.

paragraph: In the year 1000 Arduin was in Rome to explain his position to the newly appointed Pope Sylvester II. Otto III was also present in the city, and Warmund and Leone, successor of Pietro as the bishop of Vercelli, probably were as well, and the pope confirmed Arduin's excommunication and demanded he abdicate to his title in favor of his son. Arduin did not accept the sentence. He returned in his lands, and, instead of abdicating, expelled Warmund from Ivrea and rapidly conquered the cities of Vercelli and Novara, while his followers took control of Como and several cities of the Piedmont.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:King of Italy.

paragraph: At that point a clash with the Emperor seemed inevitable, but Otto III suddenly died near Rome on 23 January 1002 without leaving a direct heir, throwing the empire into a succession crisis. On 15 February, a diet of feudal lords and knights in Pavia acclaimed Arduin King of Italy. According to the chronicler Arnulf of Milan, Arduin was "elected by the Lombards in Pavia and was called 'caesar' [emperor] by all". He then made the rounds of the kingdom with the Archbishop of Milan publicly at his side. However, while Arduin had the loyalty of the minor nobles, that of the bigger landlords, more tied to the imperial power, was much more questionable, and opposition to his rule was instigated by the bishops, led by Frederick, Archbishop of Ravenna.

paragraph: In Germany, Henry II was acclaimed king on 7 June 1002, and he did not recognize Arduin's coronation. Henry granted the March of Verona to Duke Otto I of Carinthia, and then sent Otto to Italy to depose Arduin; but in the spring of 1003, Arduin defeated Otto in a pitched battle at Fabrica near the Brenta River.

paragraph: This was only the beginning. Henry personally invaded Italy with a large force that left Germany in March 1004 and arrived at Trento on 9 April 1004. He met Arduin outside Verona, where Arduin was disappointed by a poor showing from his erstwhile supporters. Henry entered Pavia, the traditional Lombard capital, and had himself crowned King of Italy on 14 May in San Michele in the face of a disapproving crowd. Then he burned the city that had given shelter to Arduin to the ground. This had its effect: "All of Italy was horrified by this and likewise extremely fearful. As confidence in Arduin waned from this time on, Henry's power prevailed everywhere."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:King in the northwest.

paragraph: At this point, Henry was satisfied by his formal recognition as ruler of Italy and returned to Germany in the early summer of 1004. Arduin had withdrawn to his stronghold in the Orco Valley, and Henry chose not to pursue him with the main body of his army. Some imperial forces besieged the valley until the winter 1004-1005 but then withdrew; afterwards, Arduin rapidly regained control of all of his previous possessions.

paragraph: Arduin's rule lasted until 1014, when Henry descended into Italy again, this time to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome by Pope Benedict VIII. There were several skirmishes between Henry's army and Arduin's followers, both in Rome and as Henry began to withdraw back into Germany. But at that point the old king, probably sick and tired, chose to abdicate the Italian throne. He secured the possession of the main part of the March of Ivrea for his son Arduin II (the March was dissolved, but the younger Arduin was appointed Count of Ivrea), renounced all of his titles, and retired to the Benedectine Abbey of Fruttuaria, which he had founded in 1003. He died there on 14 December 1015.

paragraph: Section::::Coinage.

paragraph: Arduin's coinage was designed to resemble that of Otto III as closely as possible. Unusually, the character ∂, a rounded minuscule D, was used in his name to make it resemble Otto's monogram. Two types of "denarius", both minted at Pavia, are known for Arduin. The first bears the inscription (Arduin king) on the obverse and (emperor) on the reverse. It is not clear if the latter is simply a holdover from Otto III's coinage or represents Arduin's anticipation of a future imperial coronation. The second type reads (Arduin in the grace of God king) and (Pavia glorious city). Arduin may have been able to mint coins in Pavia after Henry returned to Germany in 1004. There are no known coins of Henry II from the period before 1014, although coins of Otto III may have continued to be struck in the confusion.

description: king

wikidata_label: Arduin of Ivrea

wikipedia_title: Arduin of Ivrea


text:
Italian
football
coach
striker
wide forward
Giarre
Sicilian
Comiso
Ragusa
Campania
Battipagliese
Serie C1
Avellino
Salernitana
Palermo
Serie B
Genoa
Catania
2004–05 Serie B
Perugia
2005–06 Serie B
Serie A
Gionatha Spinesi
2008–09 Serie A
Coppa Italia
Walter Zenga
Stadio Renzo Barbera
Italian international
goalkeeper
Marco Amelia
Pablo Ledesma
Takayuki Morimoto
Michele Paolucci
2009–10 season
Maxi López
Jorge Martínez
Napoli
Cesena
Marek Hamšík
José Sosa
Villareal
UEFA Europa League
Bologna
Novara
Al Nasr
Luca Toni
Dubai
Al Shabab
Italy national team
Northern Ireland
Marco Biagianti
Catania
Eccellenza Sicily
Giarre

categories: 1979 births,People from Caltagirone,Genoa C.F.C. players,A.C. Perugia Calcio players,Calcio Catania players,U.S. Città di Palermo players,Expatriate footballers in the United Arab Emirates,Italian expatriate footballers,Delfino Pescara 1936 players,Italian footballers,People from Comiso,U.S. Avellino 1912 players,S.S.C. Napoli players,Living people,Serie B players,Al-Nasr SC (Dubai) players,U.S. Salernitana 1919 players,UAE Pro-League players,Serie A players,Serie D players,Association football forwards,Italy international footballers,Siracusa Calcio players,Novara Calcio players

paragraph: Giuseppe Mascara

paragraph: Giuseppe Mascara (; born 22 August 1979) is an Italian football coach and former player who played as a striker or a wide forward. He is currently in charge as head coach of Sicilian amateurs Giarre.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Ragusa.

paragraph: Mascara started out playing for the youth side of Sicilian amateurs Comiso before transferring to nearby club Ragusa to start his professional career. There, he earned some valuable experience over a two-season period, turning out for the first team and scoring 5 goals in 29 appearances.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Battipagliese.

paragraph: Successively, Mascara moved to the mainland, joining Campanian side Battipagliese in 1997, and remained with the then-Serie C1 club until June 2000, playing just under 50 games for them also scoring 67 goals. Following his impressive three-season stint with the club, he transferred to another Campanian team, Avellino.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Avellino and Salernitana.

paragraph: Following his 2000 transfer to Avellino, Mascara was soon a big hit at the southern Italian club, where he strongly impressed during his lone season with the club, securing 16 goals in 29 games. He then briefly moved to nearby rivals Salernitana, scoring in his only appearance for the club, before moving back to Sicily with Palermo.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Palermo.

paragraph: In January 2001, Mascara officially transferred to Palermo, who had just been promoted back into Serie B. He began his career well in the Sicilian capital, grabbing 8 Serie B goals in 38 league appearances. In his second and final season with Palermo, Mascara was sent on loan to Genoa, where he made just 13 league starts, scoring twice. He returned to Palermo but was transfer listed and soon signed for Sicilian rivals, Catania.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Catania.

paragraph: In July 2003, Mascara joined Catania. In his first season with the club, then playing in Serie B, he was an undisputed starter, making 41 league appearances and scoring 13 goals. Following an impressive first season in Catania, however, the player was surprisingly sent out on loan for the 2004–05 Serie B season, playing for Perugia. During his season-long loan, he made 37 league appearances, scoring four goals.

paragraph: Mascara returned to Sicily for the 2005–06 Serie B season, where Catania went on to finish second in the league, earning promotion to Serie A. He contributed with 14 goals in 36 appearances following his return. In his first Serie A season, the 26-year-old formed a formidable partnership with Gionatha Spinesi, as the duo led Catania to an impressive 13th-place league finish. Mascara ended his season with 6 league goals in 28 starts.

paragraph: In his second Serie A season, Mascara again impressed, making 35 league appearances and scoring four goals, playing the season as a second striker. The player shined during the 2008–09 Serie A campaign, scoring 12 goals in just 34 appearances. That tally also increases to 15 goals, including the Coppa Italia; to date, it was his most successful season under then-coach Walter Zenga. On 1 March 2009, Mascara scored a remarkable goal in the Sicilian derby away to Palermo at Stadio Renzo Barbera, taking a long-lobbed shot on the volley from around 55 metres out which left Italian international goalkeeper Marco Amelia falling back into his own net. Catania went on to win that match 0–4 courtesy of goals from Pablo Ledesma, Takayuki Morimoto, Mascara and Michele Paolucci. The goal was later nominated as Serie A goal of the season.

paragraph: The 2009–10 season also proved to be a successful one, as his club finished well above the relegation zone, in 12th, also reaching the club's record points total in Serie A. With eight goals scored, Mascara was his club's fourth-top goalscorer, behind Maxi López (12), Takayuki Morimoto (12) and Jorge Martínez (9). He played over 150 matches and also served as the captain of the "Rossazzurri".

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Napoli.

paragraph: On 31 January 2011, the final day of the January transfer window, Mascara signed for Napoli for a €1.3 million transfer fee, signing a contract lasting until 2013. He made his debut on 6 February 2011 against Cesena, coming on as a 74th-minute substitute for midfielder Marek Hamšík. In this game, he supplied an assist to José Sosa to make the score 2–0. Mascara made his European debut on 17 February in a 0–0 draw with Villareal in the UEFA Europa League, a game in which he also started. Mascara's first goal for the "Azzurri" came on 10 April 2011, the first in a 0–2 victory over Bologna.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Novara.

paragraph: On 11 January 2012, Mascara signed for Novara on a contract lasting until 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Al Nasr.

paragraph: On 24 June 2012, Mascara joined Emirati club Al Nasr on a one-year deal pending a successful medical. He was targeted by the club's boss Walter Zenga after Al Nasr striker Luca Toni asked to leave the club after a poor form in the first six months of his one-year stay in Dubai. The contract for Mascara was understood to include an option for a further season. On 5 July 2012, Novara announced that his contract was finally terminated, leaving him free to join the Dubai-based club. On 5 October 2012, Mascara broke the deadlock and scored his first two goals with Al Nasr to help his team in an eventual away 4–2 victory over Al Shabab.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Following his impressive performances with Catania in the 2008–09 season, Mascara received his first call-up to the Italy national team for the 6 June 2009 friendly game against Northern Ireland, together with teammate Marco Biagianti. Mascara played the entire first half of the game, becoming the first Catania player to mark an appearance with the Italian team.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: After retiring in 2016, he accepted an offer from Catania as youth coach of their Under-15 team.

paragraph: On 24 October 2017, he was named new head coach of Eccellenza Sicily amateurs Giarre.

description: Italian footballer

wikidata_label: Giuseppe Mascara

wikipedia_title: Giuseppe Mascara


text: Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Kildare

text: Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

text: Robert FitzGerald, 19th Earl of Kildare

text: Earl of Clancarty

text: Sir William Davys

text: Sir James Shaen, 1st Baronet

text: Humphrysfamilytree.com

text: thepeerage.com

text: familysearch.org

text: booksulster.com

categories: FitzGerald dynasty,1660 deaths,People from County Kildare,People from County Dublin,1612 births,Earls of Kildare,17th-century Irish people

paragraph: George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare

paragraph: George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare (23 January 1612 – 29 May 1660) was known as the "Fairy Earl", apparently for no other reason than that his portrait, which is extant, was painted on a small scale." He was the son of Thomas FitzGerald and Frances Randolph and grandson of Edward FitzGerald (born 1502, brother of Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Kildare) and Agnes Leigh.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He married Lady Joan Boyle (1611-1657) on 15 August 1630. She was the daughter of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork and his second wife Catherine Fenton. George and Joan had three sons and six daughters. One of the sons (Robert, the eldest) and two of the daughters died young. One more of the daughters, Catherine, did not marry.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wentworth FitzGerald, 17th Earl of Kildare (1632 – 5 March 1664) married Lady Elizabeth Holles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Eleanor Fitzgerald (Christened 18 May 1634 – 3 August 1681 married Walter Borrowes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Fitzgerald (born 1638), married Mary Clotworthy and was the father of Robert FitzGerald, 19th Earl of Kildare.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Elizabeth Fitzgerald (1642 – died c. 1697/98) married Callaghan MacCarty, 3rd Earl of Clancarty, and subsequently Sir William Davys, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frances married Sir James Shaen, 1st Baronet.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Humphrysfamilytree.com Accessed 8 May 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- thepeerage.com Accessed 7 March 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- familysearch.org Accessed 7 March 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- booksulster.com Accessed 8 May 2007

description: Irish Earl

wikidata_label: George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare

wikipedia_title: George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare