text: Scottish peer

text: Clan Bruce

text: Edward Bruce, 10th Earl of Elgin

text: Eton

text: Balliol College, Oxford

text: Scots Guards

text: Operation Bluecoat

text: lieutenant

text: Army Cadet Force

text: Cadet Forces Medal

text: lieutenant-colonel

text: Colonel-in-Chief

text: 153 (Highland) Transport Regiment

text: Royal Scottish Automobile Club

text: Ecurie Ecosse

text: Justice of the Peace

text: Deputy Lieutenant

text: Lord Lieutenant

text: Queen Elizabeth II

text: Knight of the Thistle

text: Canadian Forces Decoration

text: Order of St. Olav

text: Royal Company of Archers

text: Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs

text: Fife

text: Boys' Brigade

text: Grand Master Mason of Scotland

text: Bridgetown

text: Regina, Saskatchewan

text: Winnipeg, Manitoba

text: St. Thomas, Ontario

text: Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan

text: Royal Caledonian Curling Club

text: Clan Bruce

text: The Hon. Adam Bruce

text: Royal Caledonian Ball

text: Andrew Bruce, 11th Earl of Elgin

categories: People educated at Eton College,Scots Guards officers,Earls of Elgin,Boys' Brigade,Scottish Freemasons,Lord-Lieutenants of Fife,Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford,1924 births,Living people,Knights of the Thistle,British Army personnel of World War II

paragraph: Andrew Bruce, 11th Earl of Elgin

paragraph: Andrew Douglas Alexander Thomas Bruce, 11th Earl of Elgin and 15th Earl of Kincardine, (born 17 February 1924) styled Lord Bruce before 1968, is a Scottish peer and Chief of Clan Bruce.

paragraph: Section::::Background and education.

paragraph: Bruce is the eldest son of Edward Bruce, 10th Earl of Elgin and the Honourable Katherine Elizabeth Cochrane, daughter of Thomas Cochrane, 1st Baron Cochrane of Cults. He was educated at Eton and at Balliol College, Oxford. On 12 September 1943, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 3rd (Armoured) Bn Scots Guards and was wounded during Operation Bluecoat, the break out from Normandy in August 1944. He was invalided out of the army on 24 October 1946, with the honorary rank of lieutenant. On 4 April 1951, he was appointed an instructor in the Army Cadet Force, with the rank of lieutenant. In July 1963, by then the County Cadet Commandant for Fife, he was awarded the Cadet Forces Medal. He resigned his commission on 19 April 1965, retaining the honorary rank of lieutenant-colonel. Since 1970, he has been Colonel-in-Chief of the 31 Combat Engineer Regiment (The Elgins), and was Hon. Colonel of the 153 (Highland) Transport Regiment from 1976 to 1986.

paragraph: Lord Elgin is also the Honorary Colonel of No 7 Royal Canadian Army Cadet Corps, which is affiliated with the Elgin Regiment, but is not part of it. No 7 is the oldest extant Corps in the RC(Army)C of Canada and one of only two that have Colours. The Corps wears distinctive shoulder flashes backed with the Bruce tartan. (Not even the Elgin Regiment wears them.)

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Elgin has held a number of business appointments, including as President of the Scottish Amicable Life Assurance Society (1975–1994), and Chairman of the National Savings Committee for Scotland. He was President of the Royal Scottish Automobile Club, and the Scottish motor racing team, Ecurie Ecosse.

paragraph: He was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1951, was Deputy Lieutenant of Fife 1955–1987, and Lord Lieutenant 1987–1999. In 1980 he was appointed by Queen Elizabeth II as her Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland and reappointed in 1981. In 1982 HM The Queen installed him as a Knight of the Thistle. He was awarded the Canadian Forces Decoration in 1981, and the Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1994. He is a former captain of the Royal Company of Archers and a former convenor of the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs.

paragraph: He was County Cadet Commandant for Fife from 1952 to 1965, Brigade President of the Boys' Brigade from 1966 to 1985, and Grand Master Mason of Scotland from 1961 to 1965.

paragraph: He is a freeman of Bridgetown, Regina, Saskatchewan, Port Elgin, Winnipeg, Manitoba, St. Thomas, Ontario, and Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. Lord Elgin is a former president of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club, and is the life president of the Broomhall Curling Club. He skipped the Scottish curling teams that defeated the Governor General of Canada's teams in a series of matches in Ottawa in 1982.

paragraph: Lord Elgin is chief of Clan Bruce and president of the Bruce Family Organization which is the main association for members of the Bruce family.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1959 he married Victoria Mary Usher and they have five children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Edward Bruce, Lord Bruce married Amanda Grimes (divorced 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hon. Alexander Bruce

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hon. Adam Bruce

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Lady Georgina Bruce

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Lady Antonia Bruce.

paragraph: The Countess is a patron of the Royal Caledonian Ball. The Earl succeeded to the earldoms and other titles on the death of his father in 1968.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). "Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage" (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Who's Who" (2011 edition). A & C Black Publishers Ltd; 163rd Revised edition (6 Dec 2010)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrew Bruce, 11th Earl of Elgin

description: British noble

wikidata_label: Andrew Bruce, 11th Earl of Elgin

wikipedia_title: Andrew Bruce, 11th Earl of Elgin


text: Hungary

text: Section of Painting and Sculpture

text: New Deal

text: Kőszeg

text: Kansas City

text: Missouri

text: Mlle F. Blumberg

text: Kansas City Art Institute

text: cowboy

text: Apache

text: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

text: Works Progress Administration

text: Nura

text: World War I

text: 1933 Chicago World's Fair

text: Golden Gate National Cemetery

text: San Bruno

text: San Mateo County

text: California

text: Tate Museum of Art

text: Timeline of life events

categories: Burials at Golden Gate National Cemetery,Federal Art Project artists,20th-century American painters,1884 births,American people of Hungarian descent,Painters from Missouri,American illustrators,American male painters,American muralists,1966 deaths,Artists from Kansas City, Missouri,People from Kőszeg,Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts alumni,Austro-Hungarian emigrants to the United States

paragraph: Edward Buk Ulreich

paragraph: Edward Buk Ulreich (February 12, 1884 – July 17, 1966) was an American artist. Born in Hungary, his work includes murals at the United States Courthouse (Tallahassee, Florida, 1936) completed in 1939. His work is also at the National Museum of American Illustration.

paragraph: The U.S. Courthouse in Tallahassee's main lobby is decorated with eight murals by Ulreich illustrating scenes from Florida's history. The murals were funded by the Treasury Department's Section of Painting and Sculpture, a New Deal program that commissioned artists. Ulreich won a competition to paint the murals, which he completed in 1939. He also painted Southwestern motifs and worked as an illustrator.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Born in Kőszeg in Austria-Hungary in 1889 Ulreich came to Kansas City, Missouri with his family as a baby. He studied under Mlle F. Blumberg and at the Kansas City Art Institute and worked as a cowboy on the Apache Indian reservation in Arizona. He sent a painting to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and won a scholarship to the school. In the 1930s Ulreich worked for the Works Progress Administration (WPA). He travelled the Southwestern United States and did many horse scenes. He and his wife Nura also did illustration work, including for children's books. He also taught.

paragraph: He was in Europe for several months before returning to New York in 1915 and serving in the U.S. Army. After World War I he did his first murals for Denishawn Studios in California and then painted church murals, wall hangings and did marble mosaics for the 1933 Chicago World's Fair's "Century of Progress" exhibition. He died in San Francisco in 1966 and is buried at the Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno, San Mateo County, California.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Advance Guard of the West" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eight murals depicting Florida history at the Old Post Office in Tallahassee, Florida

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Arizona Cowboys" (1947) at the Tate Museum of Art

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of life events

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ted Shawn photo with an Ulreich mural as background

alias:
Eduard Buk Ulreich
Edward Buk Ulreich
Eduard B. Ulreich
Buk Ulreich
Buk
Edward Ulreich Buk

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Edward Buk Ulreich

wikipedia_title: Edward Buk Ulreich


text:
Magnus IV of Sweden
Saint Birgitta
Albert of Sweden
Lord High Steward
Magnus IV of Sweden
Albrecht von Mecklenburg
Finland
Griffin
coat of arms
Södermanland
Kalmar
Falun
Sweden
Finland
Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg
Magnus Eriksson
Gripsholm Castle
Mariefred
Mälaren
Hälsingland
Finland
Västergötland
Östergötland
Småland
Kalmar
Åbo Castle
Tavastehus
Viborg
Kalmar Castle
Nyköping Castle
Bjärkaholm
Ringstaholm
Gripsholm
Denmark
Mecklenburg
Margareta Porse
Caesarean section
Margareta Dume
Karl Nilsson
Södermanland
Greyfriars
Riddarholmskyrkan
Stockholm
Vadstena
canonized
Kalmar Union
Knut Bosson (Grip)
castellan
Turku castle
baron
Grip av Vinäs

categories: 1330s births,Swedish nobility,1386 deaths

paragraph: Bo Jonsson (Grip)

paragraph: Bo Jonsson (Grip) (early 1330s – 20 August 1386) was head of the royal council and marshal under the regency of Magnus IV of Sweden. Also in the council was his friend and colleague, Karl Ulfsson av Ulvåsa, eldest son of Saint Birgitta. From 1369, during Albert of Sweden’s reign, he was "Officialis Generalis" (the king's highest official) and from 1371 Lord High Steward ("drots" in Swedish).

paragraph: Bo Jonsson dominated the political life of Sweden and Finland for decades. He was the most influential representative to the council of aristocracy that deposed Magnus IV of Sweden in 1365 and installed Albrecht von Mecklenburg on the Swedish throne. His position as the new king's "Officialis Generalis" granted him vast fiscal and administrative control. By 1374, he had gained title to all of Finland.

paragraph: The family name, "Grip" − which Bo Jonsson himself never used −, is Swedish for "Griffin". A coat of arms showing a black griffin on a gold shield, attributed to Bo Jonsson, was later adopted as the coat of arms of Södermanland. The original family arms, however, may have been "Argent, a griffin's head sable", traced back to Tomas Jonsson (Grip) from around 1299.

paragraph: Section::::Advancement.

paragraph: Through inheritance and unprejudiced methods, Bo Jonsson came to control the largest private non-royal wealth Sweden has ever seen. He usurped 1,500 farms in 350 parishes throughout Sweden, from Kalmar to Falun, through economic and political means. He became Sweden's (and Finland's) largest landowner ever. The quantity of land under his control exceeded 1/3 of the entirety of the Swedish realm, surpassing even the ruling king's national land holdings. In 1363 he was the leader of an aristocratic rebellion. He solicited support from Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg and in 1365, he became instrumental in removing Magnus Eriksson from the Swedish throne and offering it to the Duke's son.

paragraph: Section::::Authority.

paragraph: From the Gripsholm Castle in Mariefred, which he built, Bo Jonsson governed the entire valley of Lake Mälaren, Hälsingland, all of Finland, large parts of Västergötland, Eastern Östergötland, and the Småland coast, including the city of Kalmar. He secured the Finnish fiefs as a reward for having assisted Albert to the throne of Sweden.

paragraph: He controlled a dozen fortresses, among which were Finnish Åbo Castle, Tavastehus and Viborg, Swedish Kalmar Castle and Nyköping Castle, in addition to ones built under his own direction: Bjärkaholm, Ringstaholm, and his most prized holding, Gripsholm.

paragraph: As the head of the governing council and through his personal usurpation of large areas of the country, Bo Jonsson indirectly curtailed the concentration of royal power as well as German and Danish influence. However, he also solicited foreign intervention from Denmark and Mecklenburg in order to install the nobility party's puppet kings on the Swedish throne.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: Bo Jonsson married twice during his life. His first marriage took place with the wealthy Margareta Porse, who died shortly thereafter while undergoing childbirth. He allowed the baby to be delivered via Caesarean section, though it died but one day later.

paragraph: His second wife was the beautiful German Margareta Dume, who had many admirers. One of her many suitors was Karl Nilsson, a nobleman from Södermanland. Karl Nilsson was stabbed in front of the high altar at the church of the Greyfriars (Franciscans), nowadays known as Riddarholmskyrkan, in Stockholm, Sweden. Contemporary sources held Bo Jonsson to be guilty, acting in a jealous rage, but he maintained his innocence in witnessed testimonies, swearing his presence to have been elsewhere. Due to his powerful position, he was never charged. Nine days later, the estate formerly belonging to Karl Nilsson fell into the hands of Jonsson.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Bo Jonsson died 20 August 1386 and donated in his will a substantial part of his wealth to monasteries and churches in Sweden. In particular he gave aid to the monastery in Vadstena, operated by the Bridgittine Order and dedicated to Saint Birgitta whom Bo Jonsson had dedicated a big part of his life to get canonized. To ensure that the rest of his possessions would not fall into the hands of king Albert of Sweden whom he did not hold in very high regard he appointed a council of lords who would govern them in his name. The struggle between the king and this council concerning the huge estates he left behind would eventually lead to the Kalmar Union.

paragraph: Section::::Progeny.

paragraph: Bo Jonsson's first wife, who died at childbirth, bore him a son "Jon Bosson", who died the same day. With his second wife "Margreta Lambrektsdotter" (Dume), he had at least two children, history tells about his son Knut Bosson (Grip) who was once castellan of Turku castle, and daughter "Margareta Bosdotter" who married Detler Bylow. The second marriage possibly produced other daughters too, but they are unnamed in historical sources.

paragraph: He was influential in the expansion of the medieval Finnish economy and his descendants were created barons in 1561 (see Grip av Vinäs).

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Engström, Sten (1935). "Bo Jonsson till 1375". Uppsala University, PhD thesis, 1935.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ramklint, Ulla Britta (2003). "Svenska kungar och mäktiga män - tio historiska porträtt". Historiska Media, Lund, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Riddarhusdirektionen (1957). "Äldre svenska frälsesläkter". Vol II:1.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rosman, Holger (1923). "Bjärka-Säby och dess ägare". Uppsala, 1923.

description: Swedish nobleman

wikidata_label: Bo Jonsson

wikipedia_title: Bo Jonsson (Grip)


text:
British Transport Service
Broadway
The Front Page
The Last Mile
Small Miracle
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Algiers
Five Came Back
Golden Boy
The Glass Key
Gilda
Malta War Relief
USO
Hollywood Victory Committee
Arthur Miller
All My Sons
Orson Welles
Touch of Evil
Notabile
Saqqajja
Crown Colony of Malta
St. Julian's
St. Aloysius
tenor
music hall
Scottish Highlands
traditional dress
British Transport Service
torpedoed
American Tank Corps
Armistice Day
vaudeville
Henry W. Savage
Jerome Kern
Otis Skinner
George Abbott
Louis Wolheim
peon
Thurston Hall
Town Hall
Olin Downes
La Boheme
Trovatore
Rigoletto
Steinway Hall
Scarlatti
Paisiello
Schumann
Gounod
Leoncavallo
Princess Flavia
Sigmund Romberg
The Prisoner of Zenda
Philip Dunning
Broadway
Brooks Atkinson
Jed Harris
The Front Page
The Last Mile
Small Miracle
The New Yorker
Orson Welles
Touch of Evil
movie
Newspaper Enterprise Association
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Public Hero No. 1
The New York Times
Algiers
Five Came Back
Golden Boy
The Glass Key
Gilda
Joaquin Murrieta
Robin Hood of El Dorado
Warner Baxter
Man of the People
typecasting
Walter Wanger
Algiers
National Board of Review
John Farrow
RKO Pictures
Full Confession
Father Damien
Malta War Relief
catacombs
Axis powers
USO
Hollywood Victory Committee
Natal
Dakar
Casablanca
Tunis
Arthur Miller
Tony Award
All My Sons
Touch of Evil
Simon Callow
Dietrich
Sliema
Malta
Addolorata Cemetery
Paola
Malta postal authority

categories: Maltese male television actors,Maltese male stage actors,1897 births,Maltese male film actors,Maltese male singers,People from Mdina,1975 deaths,Maltese emigrants to the United States,20th-century singers,Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players

paragraph: Joseph Calleia

paragraph: Joseph Calleia ( ; born Joseph Alexander Caesar Herstall Vincent Calleja, August 4, 1897 – October 31, 1975) was a Maltese-born American actor and singer on the stage and in films, radio and television.

paragraph: After serving in the British Transport Service during World War I he travelled to the United States and began his career on the stage, initially in musical comedy, but later in original Broadway productions as "Broadway" (1926), "The Front Page" (1928), "The Last Mile" (1930), and "Grand Hotel" (1930). Calleia became a star with the play "Small Miracle" (1934), his first real role as a heavy, and he was put under contract by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

paragraph: Calleia excelled as the villain in Hollywood films, but he fought against typecasting and created a succession of darkly mysterious characters edged with humor in films including "Algiers" (1938), "Five Came Back" (1939), "Golden Boy" (1939), "The Glass Key" (1942) and "Gilda" (1946). During World War II Calleia led the Malta War Relief organization in the US, and toured for the USO and the Hollywood Victory Committee. After the war he continued to work steadily in motion pictures and television, and he starred in the 1948 London stage premiere of Arthur Miller's Tony Award-winning play, "All My Sons". Calleia's performance in Orson Welles's 1958 film "Touch of Evil" is regarded as one of the best in his career.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Joseph Alexander Caesar Herstall Vincent Calleja was born August 4, 1897, in Notabile (now called Mdina), in the administrative area of Saqqajja, in the Crown Colony of Malta. His parents were Pasquale and Eleonore Calleja; his father was an architect. Calleia studied at St. Julian's and St. Aloysius Colleges. At age 12 he used the English pound given to him for Christmas to buy two dozen harmonicas, and organized a local band whose performances were soon netting £100 a week. Sent by his father to London to study engineering, Calleia employed his good tenor voice in music halls, performing ballads of the Scottish Highlands in traditional dress. He worked as Joseph Spurin, using his mother's maiden name due to his father's disapproval.

paragraph: In 1914 Calleia joined the British Transport Service. After cruising the world for two-and-a-half years, his ship was torpedoed in the English Channel. Hospitalized for three months, Calleia was awarded a campaign medal and honorably discharged. He traveled to the United States in 1917. Unemployed, he sang for the Red Cross and armed services, and volunteered for the American Tank Corps.

paragraph: Calleia began his stage career on Armistice Day. After World War I he found only limited success in vaudeville. He earned his living stoking the furnace at a department store, and got a night job washing and repairing New York City streetcars. By day he haunted theatrical booking offices. The Henry W. Savage agency sent Calleia to Denver, where he made his stage debut singing in the chorus of Jerome Kern's musical comedy "Have a Heart". The following season he had a bit part in "Pietro" (1920), an Otis Skinner vehicle that played six weeks on Broadway and 40 weeks on tour. Calleia supplemented his salary by working as assistant stage manager and repairing trunks at $3 each.

paragraph: Calleia's first speaking role on the stage was in "The Broken Wing" (1920), a Broadway comedy starring George Abbott and Louis Wolheim. He understudied all of the parts and appeared as a Mexican peon who played the guitar and sang a song called "Adelai". Calleia composed the tune, and asked Abbott to write the lyrics; the song was published and eventually brought each of them royalties of as much as $2,000 a year.

paragraph: "The Broken Wing" was a hit, and after the play's New York run Calleia and Thurston Hall were carried over in a London production. After four months the show closed and Calleia visited Malta, where he and his father reconciled. At his father's request he began using his real surname, and was billed as Joseph Spurin-Calleia.

paragraph: On February 14, 1925, Calleia made his concert debut at Town Hall in New York City, accompanied by pianist Ferdinand Greenwald. "He proved to be the possessor of an agreeable high voice, which he used with much skill in Italian airs," wrote "New York Times" music critic Olin Downes, "including that of Rodolfo from Puccini's "La Boheme" and others from Verdi's "Trovatore" and "Rigoletto"." In recital at New York's Steinway Hall on February 21, 1926, Calleia "displayed a voice of pleasant and attractive timbre" in a program that included works by Scarlatti, Paisiello, Schumann, Gounod and Leoncavallo, as well as two of his own compositions.

paragraph: Calleia was cast as the Spanish ambassador in the Broadway production of "Princess Flavia" (1925), Sigmund Romberg's musical adaptation of "The Prisoner of Zenda". While he was waiting for the elaborate production to be mounted he sold pianos, with such success that the store owner offered him a store of his own if he would stay.

paragraph: In 1926 Calleia was given his first prominent stage role, in George Abbott and Philip Dunning's smash hit, "Broadway". He played a shuffling, coin-jingling waiter in the melodrama that "New York Times" critic Brooks Atkinson later called a "noisy, bustling cyclorama of backstage life [that] remains a landmark in the American theater." Calleia also acted as the company's stage manager and, working for producer Jed Harris, he supervised some ten duplicate productions of "Broadway" in the US and abroad.

paragraph: A succession of acclaimed performances in successful Broadway plays followed, including a shiftless newspaper reporter in "The Front Page" (1928), a convicted murderer in "The Last Mile" (1930), and the sinister chauffeur in "Grand Hotel" (1930). Calleia became a star with "Small Miracle" (1934), a Broadway production described by "The New Yorker" as "a very satisfactory melodrama with Joseph Spurin-Calleia as the pleasantest murderer you ever saw."

paragraph: "What an actor—Joseph Calleia", said Orson Welles, who directed and performed with Calleia in "Touch of Evil" (1958):

paragraph: I fell in love with him as a ten-year-old boy. I saw him in a play in New York ... a very well-staged melodrama which was an enormous hit for about a year—it was made as a movie later with somebody else. He had the leading role, and I never forgot him. And through the years I'd seen him in movies—little things. And I could never forget that performance of his. He's always played very stereotyped parts in pictures but is one of the best actors I've ever known. I have such respect for him. You play next to him and you just feel the thing that you do with a big actor—this dynamo going on.

paragraph: Naming the theatre's villain of the year for 1934, nationally syndicated columnist Paul Harrison of the Newspaper Enterprise Association selected "Joseph Spurin-Calleia, whose gangster role in "Small Miracle" provided one of the finest of all performances on Broadway."

paragraph: Calleia had his first real role as a heavy in "Small Miracle", and his success in the play was responsible for his move to Hollywood. Calleia's contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer permitted him a hiatus of six months a year, to continue his stage work. He was not new to motion pictures—he had made three feature films on the East Coast—but when MGM put Calleia under contract they promoted his first film, "Public Hero No. 1" (1935), as his screen debut. Calleia's portrayal of the gunman was listed by film critic Andre Sennwald of "The New York Times" as one of the year's ten best male performances.

paragraph: Calleia excelled as the villain in films, but he wanted to create characters with some sympathy. "I'd like to get away from straight villain roles," he said in a 1936 interview. "But I have no wish to be a hero. I enjoy roles where I get slapped around a bit. It's far more stimulating to play a character that isn't all one thing—not all bad and not all good." He created a series of darkly mysterious characters edged with humor in films including "Algiers" (1938), "Five Came Back" (1939), "Golden Boy" (1939), "The Glass Key" (1942) and "Gilda" (1946).

paragraph: In June 1935 Calleia was announced to star as Joaquin Murrieta in "I Am Joaquin" (later titled "Robin Hood of El Dorado"), a film for which he had written the screenplay. MGM replaced him with Warner Baxter, ostensibly because Calleia was too old, although Baxter was six years older. Calleia did receive a starring role in "Man of the People" (1937), a political drama about a young lawyer fighting corporate racketeers.

paragraph: Calleia continued to battle typecasting, turning down well-paying villainous roles to develop more complex characters. His performance as police inspector Slimane in Walter Wanger's "Algiers" (1938) was recognized by the National Board of Review. Working with director John Farrow at RKO Pictures in 1939, he created a fine character study as the condemned anarchist in "Five Came Back", and portrayed a heroic priest in "Full Confession". Calleia was announced to star as Father Damien in an RKO picture to be written and directed by Farrow, but the project was not realized.

paragraph: Calleia became a naturalized citizen of the United States in November 1941. During World War II, Calleia led the Malta War Relief organization in the US. The house where he was born was destroyed in 1942; his family took refuge underground, in ancient catacombs, during the near-constant aerial bombing of Malta by the Axis powers that continued for more than two years. Under the auspices of the Motion Picture Division of USO Camp Shows, he made personal appearances at US military facilities in 1943. He also accepted an invitation from the Hollywood Victory Committee to make a tour of military camps in North Africa, particularly because the tentative itinerary included Malta. On the 20,000-mile trip Calleia and his small troupe entertained service personnel in Natal, Dakar, along the coast to Casablanca and across to Tunis before going to Malta, which Calleia had not visited since 1922. They gave two shows a day and visited all of the hospitals at each stop; and they presented six shows in Malta as part of the exchange program between US and British entertainment units.

paragraph: In addition to working steadily in motion pictures for another 20 years, Calleia also starred in the 1948 London stage premiere of Arthur Miller's Tony Award-winning play "All My Sons", receiving unanimous critical acclaim. His performance in "Touch of Evil" (1958)—as Pete Menzies, longtime partner of corrupt police captain Hank Quinlan (Orson Welles)—is regarded as one of the best of his career.

paragraph: "It is not rare in Welles's films for one actor to break away from the overall gesture of the film to embody a distilled human truth," wrote Welles biographer Simon Callow. "In "Touch of Evil" there are two actors who do this—Dietrich and Joseph Calleia, playing Quinlan's deceived colleague, Menzies. Calleia's haunted features figure more and more prominently on screen as the truth about Quinlan increasingly dawns on him, along with the knowledge that he must betray him. ... Calleia's abundant inner life casts a growing spell over the film as it comes to its climax, bringing to vividly personal life Welles's sempiternal subject: betrayal."

paragraph: Calleia retired in 1963 to Sliema, Malta. His wife, Eleanor Vassallo Calleia, whom he had married in 1929, died there in 1967. Calleia died October 31, 1975, aged 78, in St. Julian's. He was interred in the family vault at Santa Maria Addolorata Cemetery in Paola.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Calleia was posthumously honored by the Malta postal authority with a set of two commemorative stamps issued in 1997. In 2005, a bust of Calleia by sculptor Anton Agius was installed at his birthplace in Malta on the initiative of then 15-year-old Eman Bonnici.

description: actor

wikidata_label: Joseph Calleia

wikipedia_title: Joseph Calleia


text: diplomat

text: High Commissioner

text: South Asia

text: Bradfield College

text: Balliol College, Oxford

text: Dominions Office

text: London

text: Permanent Under-Secretary of State

text: Royal Navy

text: Ordinary Seaman

text: Royal Marines

text: lieutenant colonel

text: India Office

text: Commonwealth Relations Office

text: Deputy High Commissions

text: Lahore

text: Karachi

text: New Delhi

text: Diplomatic Service

text: Commander of the Royal Victorian Order

text: Knight Grand Cross

text: Privy Council

text: Life Peer

text: Hasguard

text: Dyfed

categories: High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Pakistan,High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to India,Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order,Members of the Order of the British Empire,Life peers,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George,People educated at Bradfield College,Royal Marines personnel of World War II,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,Diplomatic peers,High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Australia,Royal Marines officers,1916 births,1989 deaths

paragraph: Morrice James, Baron St Brides

paragraph: John Morrice Cairns James, Baron Saint Brides, (30 April 1916 – 26 November 1989), normally known as Morrice James, was a senior British diplomat. He served as British High Commissioner to Pakistan, India and Australia, and was known as a specialist in the affairs of the South Asia.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and Second World War.

paragraph: James was born on 30 April 1916 and was educated at Bradfield College and Balliol College, Oxford. He joined the Dominions Office in London in 1939, and was Private Secretary to the Permanent Under-Secretary of State from April to August 1940. In August 1940 he joined the Royal Navy as an Ordinary Seaman, was commissioned in the Royal Marines in February of the following year, and ended the war as a lieutenant colonel.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: James returned to the Dominions Office (which merged with the India Office in 1947 to form the Commonwealth Relations Office) in 1945, and served in South Africa, London, and Pakistan, where he headed the Deputy High Commissions in both Lahore and Karachi during the 1950s. He then served as Deputy High Commissioner in New Delhi before returning to Pakistan as High Commissioner from 1962 to 1965. From 1968 to 1971 he served once more in New Delhi, as High Commissioner, and was appointed High Commissioner to Australia in 1971. He retired from the Diplomatic Service in 1976.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: James was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1944, a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1957, a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) in 1961, he was promoted to Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in 1962, and to Knight Grand Cross (GCMG) in 1975. He was appointed to the Privy Council in 1966, and was created a Life Peer as Baron Saint Brides, of Hasguard in the County of Dyfed on 8 February 1977.

description: British diplomat

wikidata_label: Morrice James, Baron St Brides

wikipedia_title: Morrice James, Baron St Brides


text:
magnification
sun spot
air gun
rangaku
Dutch
Dejima
6100 Kunitomoikkansai
main belt

categories: Japanese inventors,1778 births,People from Shiga Prefecture,Japanese scientists,Gunsmiths,1840 deaths

paragraph: Kunitomo Ikkansai

paragraph: Kunitomo's telescope had a magnification of 60, and allowed him to make very detailed studies of sun spots and lunar topography. Four of his telescopes remain to this day.

paragraph: Kunimoto also developed manufacturing methods for guns, and also created an air gun based on rangaku knowledge acquired from the Dutch in Dejima.

paragraph: Section::::Other uses of the name.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6100 Kunitomoikkansai, a main belt asteroid discovered in 1991, is named after Kunitomo Ikkansai.

description: gunsmith

wikidata_label: Kunitomo Ikkansai

wikipedia_title: Kunitomo Ikkansai


text:
Black Rebel Motorcycle Club
Abadan
Peru
Devon
St Cuthbert Mayne School
Torquay
South Devon College
Winchester School of Art
Hampshire
San Francisco Bay Area
United States
Robert Levon Been
Peter Hayes
Los Angeles
NME
Howl
Baby 81 (album)
MySpace

wikipedia_title:
Black Rebel Motorcycle Club
Abadan, Iran
Peru
Devon
St Cuthbert Mayne School
Torquay
South Devon College
Winchester School of Art
Hampshire
San Francisco Bay Area
United States
Robert Levon Been
Peter Hayes (musician)
Los Angeles
NME
Howl (album)
Baby 81 (album)
Myspace

categories: English male guitarists,English rock guitarists,English songwriters,Black Rebel Motorcycle Club members,21st-century drummers,English rock drummers,1977 births,English male singers,21st-century English singers,21st-century guitarists,Living people,21st-century male singers

paragraph: Nick Jago

paragraph: Nicholas "Nick" Jago (born 19 July 1976) is an English musician, best known as the former drummer and founding member of Black Rebel Motorcycle Club.

paragraph: Jago was born in Abadan, Iran, to an English father and Peruvian mother and grew up in Devon, England. He attended St Cuthbert Mayne School in Torquay then specialized in art and design at "South Devon College". He went on to study a degree in Fine Art Painting at the "Winchester School of Art" in Hampshire. He moved to the San Francisco Bay Area in the United States in 1995 whilst visiting family. He switched his focus to music and joined a band with Robert Levon Been and Peter Hayes. They moved to Los Angeles after garnering music business interest.

paragraph: Jago was removed from the stage at the 2003 "NME" Awards during a rather extensive moment of silence on his part while accepting the "Best Video" award for BRMC's "Whatever Happened to My Rock 'n' Roll (Punk Song)". After leaving the group for a period of time, Jago and the band went on to release the album "Howl" on 22 August 2005 and the follow up "Baby 81 (album)" in May 2007.

paragraph: In June 2008, Jago released a bulletin on MySpace stating that he was leaving the band in order to focus on some personal growth and creative goals.

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Nick Jago

wikipedia_title: Nick Jago


text:
Durlach
Remchingen
Baden-Durlach
Gymnasium "Illustrie"
Lutheranism
Calvinism
occupation
Upper Baden
Charles II
Anna of Veldenz
Louis III
Louis VI, Elector Palatine
Philip Louis of Neuburg
Louis "the Pious"
Margraviate of Baden-Durlach
James
Lower Baden
Durlach
Pforzheim
George Frederick
Margraviate of Baden-Hachberg
Anna of East Frisia
Edzard II of East Frisia

categories: 1604 deaths,Margraves of Baden-Durlach,1560 births,House of Zähringen

paragraph: Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach

paragraph: Ernest Frederick of Baden-Durlach (born 17 October 1560 in Durlach – died 14 April 1604 in Remchingen) ruled the northern part of the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach. He came to power when he came of age in 1584. He founded the first Gymnasium "Illustrie" in the margraviate. His conversion from the Lutheranism to Calvinism and his occupation of Upper Baden caused serious conflicts – even with the Emperor – the consequences of which damaged Lower Baden and ultimately also led to losses of territory.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Ernest Frederick was the eldest son of the Margrave Charles II of Baden-Durlach and Anna of Veldenz. From 1577 onwards, he received his education at the court of his guardian, the Lutheran Duke Louis III of Württemberg.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:The regency 1577–1584.

paragraph: After his fathers's death, a regecency council was formed, consisting of his mother Anna, Elector Palatine Louis VI, Elector Palatine (until 1583), Duke Philip Louis of Neuburg and Duke Louis "the Pious" of Württemberg. The council ruled Margraviate of Baden-Durlach on his behalf when he inherited it as a minor.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:The division of territories.

paragraph: Ernest Frederick and Charles II's second oldest son, James, both wanted to own dominions. Charles II's last will and testament forbade that, but it had not been signed and sealed, so the remaining guardians decided to give them their way and divide the country. Ernest Frederick received Lower Baden, including the large towns of Durlach and Pforzheim.

paragraph: His younger brothers James and George Frederick also received parts of the country, so that the land was further divided beyond the existing division into Baden-Durlach, Baden-Baden. The Margraviate of Baden-Hachberg fell back to Ernest Frederick in 1590 after James's death. His youngest brother George Frederick was able to reunite the whole Margraviate of Baden-Durlach after's Ernest Frederick's death.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Marriage.

paragraph: Margrave Ernest Frederick married on 21 December 1585 Anna of East Frisia (26 June 1562 – 21 April 1621), the daughter of Count Edzard II of East Frisia and widow of his guardian. The marriage produced no children.

description: Margrave of Baden-Durlach


text:
Mulhouse
French
biathlete
1992 Olympics
Albertville
World Cup
IBU Profile

categories: Biathlon World Championships medalists,Medalists at the 1992 Winter Olympics,Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics,Olympic gold medalists for France,Olympic silver medalists for France,Olympic biathletes of France,Biathletes at the 1994 Winter Olympics,Biathletes at the 1992 Winter Olympics,Olympic medalists in biathlon,1968 births,Olympic bronze medalists for France,Living people,French female biathletes

paragraph: Anne Briand

paragraph: Anne Briand (born 2 June 1968 in Mulhouse). Is a former French biathlete. She belonged to the world's best biathletes in the early 1990s. At the 1992 Olympics in Albertville, the first time this competition was introduced at the olympic level she won a gold medal with the French relay team. in 1995 she won the world title in the sprint event and also won the overall World Cup.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- IBU Profile

description: French biathlete

wikidata_label: Anne Briand

wikipedia_title: Anne Briand


text:
Canadian football
cornerback
BC Lions
Canadian Football League
Fresno State
Edison High School
Stockton, California
NFL's
Tennessee Titans
BC Lions
2005
interception
2006 Grey Cup
BC Lions bio
DanteMash.com Official Website

categories: Fresno State Bulldogs football players,Kansas City Chiefs players,Players of American football from California,Grey Cup champions,1979 births,Canadian football defensive backs,Tennessee Titans players,American players of Canadian football,BC Lions players,Living people,Sportspeople from Oakland, California

paragraph: Dante Marsh

paragraph: Dante Marsh (born February 26, 1979) is a former Canadian football cornerback who spent 11 seasons with the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Marsh attended college at Fresno State. He is currently the defensive backs coach at Edison High School in Stockton, California.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Marsh had a brief stint with the NFL's Tennessee Titans in 2001, but missed the whole season due to injury. The BC Lions signed him as a free agent in 2004, in which Marsh recorded his career-high 61 tackles. In 2005, he started all 18 games, and had 47 defensive tackles and 7 special teams tackles. In 2006, Marsh had a career-high 4 interceptions as well as 52 tackles. He helped BC win the 2006 Grey Cup. Marsh is regarded as one of the best cornerbacks in the CFL and he was named a CFL All-Star in 2008. Entering his 10th season as a BC Lion, at age 34, he was awarded a contract extension. Marsh has 33 career interceptions and 3 defensive touchdowns. He became a free agent in late 2014.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- BC Lions bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- DanteMash.com Official Website

description: Player of American and Canadian football

wikidata_label: Dante Marsh

wikipedia_title: Dante Marsh


text: Florence, Italy

text: Grand Prix

text: motorcycle

text: road racer

text: F.I.M.

text: 125cc world champion

text: Aprilia

text: Czechoslovakian Grand Prix

text: Fausto Gresini

text: Malaysia

text: Hungary

text: next season

text: Gilera

text: Honda

text: Malaysian Grand Prix

text: Superbike World Championship

text: Yamaha

categories: Italian motorcycle racers,Superbike World Championship riders,500cc World Championship riders,250cc World Championship riders,1968 births,125cc World Championship riders,Living people

paragraph: Alessandro Gramigni

paragraph: Alessandro Gramigni (born 29 December 1968 in Florence, Italy) is a former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. He was the 1992 F.I.M. 125cc world champion.

paragraph: After a succession of good results as an amateur, Gramigni made his Grand Prix debut in 1990 riding an Aprilia in the 125cc Class, ending the season in ninth position. He won his first race at the 1991 Czechoslovakian Grand Prix and finished the season ranked seventh in the championship with 90 points.

paragraph: In 1992, he edged out Italian Fausto Gresini to win the 125cc world championship, with wins in Malaysia and Hungary. Gramigni moved up to the 250cc class in next season, first with the Gilera team before switching back to Aprilia. It was a disappointing season, as he scored only 2 points. He competed two more seasons in the 250 class, 1994 with the Aprilia, and in 1995 with Honda. After a two-year sabbatical, he entered one race in the 500cc class at the 1997 Malaysian Grand Prix before ending his Grand Prix career.

paragraph: He turned his attention to the Superbike World Championship from to and then in and . In 2004 he won the Italian Superbike Championship with the Yamaha Team 391 Racing team.

description: Italian motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Alessandro Gramigni

wikipedia_title: Alessandro Gramigni


text:
starting pitcher
Major League Baseball
Boston Red Sox
St. Louis Cardinals
left-handed
Eufaula, Oklahoma
strikeout
earned run average
complete game
innings
Greybull, Wyoming
Retrosheet

categories: Boston Red Sox players,Baseball players from Oklahoma,Dallas Submarines players,St. Louis Cardinals players,Chattanooga Lookouts players,Vancouver Beavers players,Wichita Witches players,Butte Miners players,1927 deaths,Sacramento Sacts players,Colorado Springs Millionaires players,Hutchinson Salt Packers players,Tacoma Tigers players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Tulsa Producers players,1888 births

paragraph: Ben Hunt (baseball)

paragraph: Benjamin Franklin Hunt (November 10, 1888 – September 27, 1927) was a starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Boston Red Sox () and St. Louis Cardinals (). Listed at , 190 lb., Hunt batted and threw left-handed. He was born in Eufaula, Oklahoma.

paragraph: In a two-season career, Hunt posted a 2–4 record with 25 strikeouts and a 3.95 earned run average in nine appearances, including eight starts, three complete games, and 54⅔ innings of work.

paragraph: Hunt died in Greybull, Wyoming at age 38.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Retrosheet

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Ben Hunt

wikipedia_title: Ben Hunt (baseball)


text: missionary

text: bishop

text: martyr

text: Kievan Rus

text: Lithuania

text: Prussians

text: Querfurt

text: Saxony-Anhalt

text: Holy Roman Emperor

text: Otto III

text: Magdeburg

text: Adalbert of Magdeburg

text: Saint Adalbert

text: canon

text: Cathedral of Magdeburg

text: Rome

text: Saint Adalbert of Prague

text: recently Christianized

text: Kingdom of Hungary

text: monk

text: John Canaparius

text: Ravenna

text: ascetic

text: Saint Romuald

text: Otto III

text: Elbe

text: Oder

text: pagan

text: Brandenburg

text: Pomerania

text: Pope Sylvester II

text: Pope Sylvester II

text: Holy Roman Emperor Henry II

text: Duke Boleslaus I of Poland

text: Ahtum

text: Banat

text: Patriarchate of Constantinople

text: Bishop of Rome

text: St. Adalbert

text: Kiev

text: Vladimir I

text: Pechenegs

text: Turkic peoples

text: Danube

text: Don

text: consecrated

text: Pechenegs

text: Old Prussians

text: Yotvingia

text: Kievan Rus

text: Prussia

text: Duchy of Lithuania

text: beheaded

text: Boleslaus the Brave

text: Przemyśl

text: Orthodox

text: Thietmar of Merseburg

text: Annals of Quedlinburg

text: Magdeburg

text: canonized

text: Braunsberg

text: Name of Lithuania

text: Saint Bruno Querfurt

categories: People from Querfurt,Benedictine saints,Medieval German saints,Benedictine martyrs,970 births,11th-century Christian saints,Camaldolese saints,1009 deaths,German Roman Catholic missionaries

paragraph: Bruno of Querfurt

paragraph: Saint Bruno of Querfurt ( 974 – 14 February 1009 AD), also known as "Brun" and "Boniface", was a Christian missionary bishop and martyr, who was beheaded near the border of Kievan Rus and Lithuania for trying to spread Christianity. He is also called the second "Apostle of the Prussians".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Bruno was from a noble family of Querfurt (now in Saxony-Anhalt). He is rumored to have been a relative of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto III. At the age of six, he was sent to be educated at the cathedral school in Magdeburg, seat of Adalbert of Magdeburg, the teacher and namesake of Saint Adalbert. While still a youth, he was made a canon of the Cathedral of Magdeburg. The fifteen-year-old Otto III made Bruno a part of his royal court. In 995 Otto III appointed Bruno as his court chaplain.

paragraph: While in Rome for Otto's imperial coronation, Bruno met Saint Adalbert of Prague, the first "Apostle of the Prussians", killed a year later, which inspired Bruno to write a biography of St. Adalbert when he reached the recently Christianized and consolidated Kingdom of Hungary himself. Bruno spent much time at the monastery where Adalbert had become a monk and where abbot John Canaparius may have written a life of Saint Adalbert. In 998, Bruno entered a Benedictine monastery near Ravenna that Otto had founded, and later underwent strict ascetic training under the guidance of Saint Romuald.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Missionary life.

paragraph: Otto III hoped to establish a monastery between the Elbe and the Oder (somewhere in the pagan lands that became Brandenburg or Western Pomerania) to help convert the local population to Christianity and colonize the area. In 1001, two monks from his monastery traveled to Poland, while Bruno was with Otto in Italy, studying the language and awaiting the Apostolic appointment by Pope Sylvester II.

paragraph: In 1003 Pope Sylvester II appointed Bruno, at the age of 33, to head a mission amongst the pagan peoples of Eastern Europe. Bruno left Rome in 1004, and having been named an archbishop was consecrated in February of that year by Archbishop Tagino of Magdeburg. Owing to a regional conflict between the Holy Roman Emperor Henry II and Duke Boleslaus I of Poland, Bruno could not go directly to Poland so he set out for Hungary. There he went to the places that Saint Adalbert of Prague had attended.

paragraph: Bruno tried to persuade Ahtum, the Duke of Banat, who was under jurisdiction of Patriarchate of Constantinople to accept the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, but this precipitated a large controversy leading to organized opposition from local monks. Bruno elected to gracefully exit the region after he first finished his book, the famous ""Life of St. Adalbert,"" a literary memorial giving a history of the (relatively recent) conversion of the Hungarians.

paragraph: After this diplomatic failure, Bruno went to Kiev, where Grand Duke Vladimir I authorized him to make Christian converts among the Pechenegs, semi-nomadic Turkic peoples living between the Danube and the Don rivers. Bruno spent five months there and baptized some thirty adults. He helped to bring about a peace treaty between them and the ruler of Kiev.

paragraph: Before leaving for Poland, Bruno consecrated a bishop for the Pechenegs. While in Poland he consecrated the first Bishop of Sweden and is said to have sent emissaries to baptize the king of Sweden, whose mother had come from Poland. Bruno found out that his friend Benedict and four companions had been killed by robbers in 1003. Bruno took eyewitness accounts and wrote down a touching history of the so-called Five Martyred Brothers.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Mission to Prussia and death.

paragraph: In the autumn or at the end of 1008 Bruno and eighteen companions set out to found a mission among the Old Prussians; they succeeded in converting Netimer and then traveled to the east, heading very likely towards Yotvingia. Yotvingia was a Prussian region, then subordinate to Kievan Rus (since 983), that intersected the borders of what was then Prussia, Kievan Rus and the Duchy of Lithuania.

paragraph: Bruno met opposition in his efforts to evangelize the borderland and that when he persisted in disregarding their warnings he was beheaded in 9 March 1009, and most of his eighteen companions were hanged by Zebeden, brother of Netimer. Duke Boleslaus the Brave bought the bodies and brought them to Poland (it was supposed that they were laid to rest in Przemyśl, where some historians place Bruno's diocese; such localization of the Bruno's burial place is hardly probable because Przemyśl then belonged to Orthodox Kievan Rus through 1018). The "Annals of Magdeburg," Thietmar of Merseburg's "Chronicle", the "Annals of Quedlinburg", various works of Magdeburg Bishops, and many other written sources of 11th–15th centuries record this story.

paragraph: Soon after his death, Bruno and his companions were venerated as martyrs and Bruno was soon after canonized. It was said that Braunsberg was named after St Bruno.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Name of Lithuania

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Bumblauskas. Lithuania’s Millennium –Millennium Lithuaniae Or What Lithuania Can Tell the World on this Occasion. "Lietuvos istorijos studijos", 2009, t. 23, p. 127–158.

paragraph: BULLET::::- D. Baronas. ST BRUNO OF QUERFURT: THE MISSIONARY VOCATION. "LITHUANIAN HISTORICAL STUDIES", 2009, t. 14. p. 41–52.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Bruno Querfurt

description: Missionary bishop and martyr

wikidata_label: Bruno of Querfurt

wikipedia_title: Bruno of Querfurt


text: Milwaukee

text: Wisconsin Conservatory of Music

text: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

text: Franz Waxman

text: A Christmas Carol

text: Dr. Kildare

text: Maisie

text: The Thin Man

text: Lady in the Lake

text: Raymond Chandler

text: a cappella

text: Glendale, California

text: A Family Affair

text: Dangerous Number

text: Madame X

text: Married Before Breakfast

text: My Dear Miss Aldrich

text: The Thirteenth Chair

text: You're Only Young Once

text: Aladdin's Lantern

text: Judge Hardy's Children

text: Love Finds Andy Hardy

text: Out West with the Hardys

text: Party Fever

text: That Mothers Might Live

text: The Great Heart

text: The Little Ranger

text: Young Dr. Kildare

text: Andy Hardy Gets Spring Fever

text: Blackmail

text: Burn 'Em Up O'Connor

text: Calling Dr. Kildare

text: Captain Spanky's Showboat

text: Dancing Co-Ed

text: Henry Goes Arizona

text: Joe and Ethel Turp Call on the President

text: Judge Hardy and Son

text: Prophet Without Honor

text: Stronger Than Desire

text: The Hardys Ride High

text: The Secret of Dr. Kildare

text: The Women

text: These Glamour Girls

text: Thunder Afloat

text: 20 Mule Team

text: Andy Hardy Meets Debutante

text: Dr. Kildare Goes Home

text: Dr. Kildare's Crisis

text: Dr. Kildare's Strange Case

text: Gallant Sons

text: Gold Rush Maisie

text: Phantom Raiders

text: Sky Murder

text: The Big Premiere

text: The Ghost Comes Home

text: The Golden Fleecing

text: The Man from Dakota

text: Third Finger, Left Hand

text: Wyoming

text: Billy the Kid

text: Down in San Diego

text: Love Crazy

text: Main Street on the March!

text: Maisie Was a Lady

text: Murder in 3-D

text: Ringside Maisie

text: Shadow of the Thin Man

text: Tarzan's Secret Treasure

text: The Penalty

text: The People vs. Dr. Kildare

text: The Wild Man of Borneo

text: Unholy Partners

text: Washington Melodrama

text: Born to Sing

text: Grand Central Murder

text: Jackass Mail

text: Kid Glove Killer

text: Melodies Old and New

text: Nazi Agent

text: Northwest Rangers

text: Pacific Rendezvous

text: Sunday Punch

text: Tarzan's New York Adventure

text: The Courtship of Andy Hardy

text: The Omaha Trail

text: The Vanishing Virginian

text: The War Against Mrs. Hadley

text: Tish

text: The Man from Down Under

text: The Youngest Profession

text: Andy Hardy's Blonde Trouble

text: Barbary Coast Gent

text: Gentle Annie

text: Maisie Goes to Reno

text: Rationing

text: See Here, Private Hargrove

text: Between Two Women

text: Dangerous Partners

text: Keep Your Powder Dry

text: The Hidden Eye

text: The Thin Man Goes Home

text: Twice Blessed

text: What Next, Corporal Hargrove?

text: Bad Bascomb

text: Love Laughs at Andy Hardy

text: The Cockeyed Miracle

text: The Show-Off

text: Up Goes Maisie

text: Dark Delusion

text: Killer McCoy

text: Lady in the Lake

text: Merton of the Movies

text: Song of the Thin Man

text: The Mighty McGurk

text: Undercover Maisie

text: A Southern Yankee

text: Alias a Gentleman

categories: Wisconsin Conservatory of Music alumni,American film score composers,20th-century American composers,American male conductors (music),1897 births,Male film score composers,American male pianists,20th-century American pianists,20th-century American conductors (music),Musicians from Milwaukee,Classical musicians from Wisconsin,1967 deaths

paragraph: David Snell (composer)

paragraph: David L. Snell (10 September 1897 – 27 March 1967) was a pianist, conductor, composer and music director. He composed the music for over 170 shorts, series or feature films.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: David L. Snell was born on 10 September 1897 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

paragraph: He became a pianist, and studied at the Wisconsin Conservatory of Music, Wisconsin College and the Meyer Conservatory of Music.

paragraph: He formed his own orchestra, and was the musical director for several stage productions.

paragraph: Section::::Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer music director.

paragraph: Snell joined Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's music department in 1937, turning out music for a range of films from low-cost "B" movies to expensive features.

paragraph: He would spend his entire film career with MGM.

paragraph: He was conductor, composer, and music director for MGM for twenty-one years.'

paragraph: The work could be high pressure. In November 1938 Franz Waxman had just five days to put together the fifty-minute score for "A Christmas Carol" so it could be released in time for the holiday season. Snell helped out, writing the opening and closing credit cues and half a dozen other cues based on themes provided by Waxman.

paragraph: Snell wrote music for many full-length films, shorts and B-movie series such as "Dr. Kildare", "Maisie" and "The Thin Man".

paragraph: His songs include "Under The Stars," "Downstream Drifter," "Come Back Little Girl Of Mine" and "Once Over Lightly."

paragraph: Snell's scores often showed first-rate craftmanship, but his work has generally been ignored, perhaps because in most cases he chose to simply underscore the dialog as opposed to contributing complementary musical ideas.

paragraph: However, for the 1947 "Lady in the Lake", based on the Raymond Chandler novel and set around Christmas time, Snell chose to use a choir singing "a cappella" without musical accompaniment, providing an austere and effective "black and white" score to accompany the stark black and white cinematography.

paragraph: The moody music echoed Christmas carols.

paragraph: David L. Snell died at home in Glendale, California on March 27, 1967.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: Snell is credited as composer in many films, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 "Prince, King of Dogs" (Documentary short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 "Windy" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 "A Family Affair"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 "Bars and Stripes" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 "Candid Cameramaniacs" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 "Carnival in Paris" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 "Dangerous Number"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 "Equestrian Acrobats" (Documentary short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 "Madame X"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 "Married Before Breakfast"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 "My Dear Miss Aldrich"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 "Some Time Soon" (Short, musical score)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 "Song of Revolt" (Short, musical score)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 "The Thirteenth Chair"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 "You're Only Young Once"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Aladdin's Lantern" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Anaesthesia" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Billy Rose's Casa Mañana Revue" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Bravest of the Brave" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Captain Kidd's Treasure" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Electrical Power" (Documentary short, as Dave Snell)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Football Thrills of 1937" (Documentary short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Grid Rules" (Documentary short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Hollywood Goes to Town" (Short documentary)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Joaquin Murrieta" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Judge Hardy's Children"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Love Finds Andy Hardy" (musical score by)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Men of Steel" (Short, musical score)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Music Made Simple" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Nostradamus" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Once Over Lightly" (Short, musical score)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Out West with the Hardys"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Party Fever" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Passing Parade" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Snow Gets in Your Eyes" (Short, musical score by)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Strange Glory" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "That Mothers Might Live" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "The Canary Comes Across" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "The Forgotten Step" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "The Great Heart" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "The Historical Mystery: Miracle of Salt Lake" (Documentary short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "The Little Ranger" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "The Magician's Daughter" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "The Man on the Rock" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "The World Is Ours" (Short, music score)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "They Live Again" (Documentary short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Tracking the Sleeping Death" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "What Do You Think?" (Number Three, Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "What Do You Think?: Tupapaoo" (Short, as Dave Snell)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Young Dr. Kildare"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Andy Hardy Gets Spring Fever"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Angel of Mercy" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Blackmail"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Burn 'Em Up O'Connor"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Calling Dr. Kildare"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Captain Spanky's Showboat" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Dancing Co-Ed"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Football Thrills of 1938" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Happily Buried" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Henry Goes Arizona"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Heroes at Leisure" (Documentary short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Ice Antics" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Joe and Ethel Turp Call on the President"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Judge Hardy and Son"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Marine Circus" (Documentary short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Miracle at Lourdes" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Prophet Without Honor" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Radio Hams" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Somewhat Secret" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Stronger Than Desire"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "The Giant of Norway" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "The Greener Hills" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "The Hardys Ride High"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "The Secret of Dr. Kildare"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "The Story of Alfred Nobel" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "The Story of Dr. Jenner" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "The Story That Couldn't Be Printed" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "The Women"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "These Glamour Girls"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "They All Come Out" (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Thunder Afloat"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Yankee Doodle Goes to Town" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "20 Mule Team"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "A Way in the Wilderness" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "Andy Hardy Meets Debutante"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "Dr. Kildare Goes Home" (musical score)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "Dr. Kildare's Crisis"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "Dr. Kildare's Strange Case"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "Football Thrills of 1939" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "Gallant Sons"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "Gold Rush Maisie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "Hollywood: Style Center of the World" (Documentary short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "Phantom Raiders"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "Sky Murder"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "Stuffie" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "The Big Premiere" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "The Ghost Comes Home"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "The Golden Fleecing"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "The Hidden Master" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "The Man from Dakota"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "Third Finger, Left Hand"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "Wyoming"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "Billy the Kid"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "Down in San Diego"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "Football Thrills of 1940" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "Love Crazy"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "Main Street on the March!" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "Maisie Was a Lady"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "Murder in 3-D" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "Ringside Maisie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "Shadow of the Thin Man"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "Tarzan's Secret Treasure"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "The Penalty"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "The People vs. Dr. Kildare"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "The Wild Man of Borneo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "Unholy Partners"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "Washington Melodrama"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "Acro-Batty" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "Born to Sing" (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "Flag of Mercy" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "Football Thrills of 1941" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "Grand Central Murder"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "Jackass Mail"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "Kid Glove Killer"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "Melodies Old and New" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "Nazi Agent" (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "Northwest Rangers"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "Pacific Rendezvous"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "Sunday Punch" (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "Tarzan's New York Adventure"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "The Courtship of Andy Hardy"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "The Greenie" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "The Omaha Trail"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "The Vanishing Virginian"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "The War Against Mrs. Hadley" (musical score)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "Tish"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "Victory Vittles" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "What About Daddy?" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1943 "First Aid" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1943 "The Man from Down Under"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1943 "The Youngest Profession"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944 "Andy Hardy's Blonde Trouble"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944 "Barbary Coast Gent"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944 "Gentle Annie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944 "Maisie Goes to Reno"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944 "Rationing"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944 "See Here, Private Hargrove"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944 "Twenty Years After" (Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 "Between Two Women"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 "Dangerous Partners"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 "Keep Your Powder Dry"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 "The Hidden Eye"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 "The Thin Man Goes Home"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 "Twice Blessed" (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 "What Next, Corporal Hargrove?"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946 "Bad Bascomb"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946 "Love Laughs at Andy Hardy"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946 "The Cockeyed Miracle"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946 "The Show-Off"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946 "Up Goes Maisie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 "Dark Delusion"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 "Killer McCoy"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 "Lady in the Lake"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 "Merton of the Movies"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 "Song of the Thin Man"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 "The Mighty McGurk"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 "Undercover Maisie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 "A Southern Yankee"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 "Alias a Gentleman"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 "It Can't Be Done" (Short, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 "My Old Town" (Short, uncredited)

description: American conductor and composer

wikidata_label: David Snell

wikipedia_title: David Snell (composer)


text:
Karakhanid
Transoxiana
Hasan ibn Sulayman Bughra Khan
Persian
Iranian
Samanids
Nasr Khan
Mansur Arslan Khan
Oghuz Turks
Seljuq
Arslan Isra'il
Bukhara
Sogdia
Samarkand
Central Asia
Yusuf Qadir Khan
Ghaznavid
Sultan
Mahmud
Khotan
Kashgar
Muhammad Toghan Khan
steppe
Khorasan
India
Tughril
Chaghri Beg
Mas'ud I
Khwarazm
Altun Tash
battle was shortly fought at Dabusiyya
Ahmad Shirazi
Harun
Böritigin

categories: 1034 deaths,Turkic rulers,11th-century Turkic people,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Ali-Tegin

paragraph: Ali ibn Hasan, also known as Harun Bughra Khan and better known as Ali-Tegin (also spelled Alitigin) was a Karakhanid ruler in Transoxiana from 1020 to 1034 with a brief interruption in 1024/5.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Origins.

paragraph: He was the son of Hasan ibn Sulayman Bughra Khan (simply called "Bughra Khan" in Persian sources), who was the eponymous ancestor of eastern branch of the Karakhanid family, known as the "Hasanids", which Ali-Tegin belonged to. Hasan is only known from Persian sources because of his wars with the Iranian Samanids, who used to be the rulers of Transoxiana before the Karakhanids under Nasr Khan annexed their territories in 999.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Rise to power.

paragraph: Ali-Tegin is first mentioned as being thrown in prison under the orders of his opponent Mansur Arslan Khan, but quickly managed to escape and receive help from a group of Oghuz Turks led by the Seljuq chief Arslan Isra'il. With these Oghuz Turks under his grasp, Ali-Tegin seized Bukhara and soon occupied all of Sogdia; after his conquest of the region, he took the title of "Yïgan-tigin" and another title of "Arslan Ilig". He gave his daughter in marriage to Arslan Isra'il. With the possession of the wealthy and important cities of Bukhara and Samarkand, Ali-Tegin became a powerful and influential figure in Central Asia; however, this strained his relations with his jealous brother Yusuf Qadir Khan hostile, which resulted in the latter allying himself with the Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud (), who had received expression of discontent from Ali-Tegin's subjects and was himself annoyed by Ali-Tegin, who did not allow him to send envoys to Qadir Khan, whose territories consisted of the important cities of Khotan and Kashgar. Ali-Tegin, after having received the news of his brother's alliance with the Ghaznavids, responded by allying himself with his other brother Muhammad Toghan Khan.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Conflict with the Ghaznavids.

paragraph: In 1024/5, a combined army under Mahmud and Qadir Khan invaded Ali-Tegin's territories and completely defeated him and his Seljuq supporters. Ali-Tegin then fled to the steppes, whilst Mahmud and Qadir Khan made a marriage alliance at Samarkand. Mahmud also managed to take the family of Ali-Tegin captive, which was fleeing towards the steppes, but was captured by an officer of his. Meanwhile, Arslan Isra'il fled to Ghaznavid territory in Khorasan and asked for permission to settle in the region in return for protecting the Ghaznavid borders from incursions by the other Turks of Transoxiana. Mahmud, not trusting him and his followers, had them imprisoned.

paragraph: Fortunately for Ali-Tegin, Mahmud had to withdraw from Transoxiana in order to prepare another expedition in India, which gave him the opportunity to make a counter-attack against Qadir Khan and re-conquer his former territories. Ali-Tegin, although not with the support of Arslan Isra'il any longer, still had support from the latter's nephews Tughril and Chaghri Beg. Ali-Tegin had a quarrel with the Seljuqs in 1029, but they still continued to serve and support him.

paragraph: After a brief civil war in the Ghaznavid state in 1030, Mahmud's son Mas'ud I became the new ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire, and continued his father's behavior of aggression towards Ali-Tegin; Mas'ud now intented to once and for all conquer Transoxania from Ali-Tegin and to give it to Qadir Khan's second son, who was his own brother-in-law, Muhammad Bughra Khan. In 1032, the Ghaznavid governor of Khwarazm, Altun Tash, captured Bukhara, and a battle was shortly fought at Dabusiyya, which became inconclusive; Altun Tash died during the battle, but one of his most trusted officer, Ahmad Shirazi, managed to successfully negotiate with Ali-Tegin, who agreed to return to Samarkand, whilst the Ghaznavid army withdrew back to their own territories.

paragraph: Meanwhile, in Khwarazm, Altun-Tash's son Harun became the new ruler of the region. However, unlike his father, he was hostile to the Ghaznavids and in 1034 made an alliance with Ali-Tegin, with whom he planned to invade Khorasan. However, before the invasion took place, Harun was assassinated by his own slaves, at the instigation of Mas'ud. Ali-Tegin died in the same year; his sons continued to preserve their father's authority in Transoxiana for a few years, until their relative Böritigin () of the Alid branch seized their territories.

alias:
Ali Tigin
Harun Bughra Khan

description: Turkic ruler of Karakhanid khanat.

wikidata_label: Ali-Tegin

wikipedia_title: Ali-Tegin


text: Tønsberg

text: Jens Gran

text: Jens Gran, Jr.

text: Tryggve Gran

text: Gerhard Gran

text: finished

text: Kristiania Cathedral School

text: Royal Frederick University

text: cand.real.

text: University Botanical Garden

text: phycology

text: Nordal Wille

text: marine zoology

text: Johan Hjort

text: Fridtjof Nansen

text: planktology

text: Norwegian Sea

text: research fellow

text: Bergens Museum

text: Kristiania

text: Trygve Braarud

text: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

text: Alexander Agassiz Medal

text: Order of the Dannebrog

text: Order of the Polar Star

text: Order of the Medjidie

text: Norwegian Horticulture Society

text: Oxford Group

categories: Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog,1870 births,Norwegian botanists,University of Oslo alumni,University of Bergen faculty,Knights of the Order of the Polar Star,1955 deaths,Norwegian phycologists,Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters,University of Oslo faculty,Norwegian planktologists

paragraph: Haaken Hasberg Gran

paragraph: Haaken Hasberg Gran (17 April 1870 – 2 June 1955) was a Norwegian botanist.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Gran was born in Tønsberg as the son of naval captain August Kriegsmann Gran (1844–1895) and his wife Agnes Hasberg (1846–1928). He was the paternal grandson of politician Jens Gran, nephew of businessperson Jens Gran, Jr., first cousin of aviator Tryggve Gran and second cousin of writer Gerhard Gran. He married Margrethe Kristofa Holm (1877–1932) in August 1897.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Gran finished his secondary education at Kristiania Cathedral School in 1888, and graduated from the Royal Frederick University with the cand.real. degree in 1894. In the same year he was hired as a lab assistant at the University Botanical Garden. He originally studied phycology under Nordal Wille, but from 1897 he worked with marine zoology under Johan Hjort, and together with hydrographer Fridtjof Nansen.

paragraph: Gran especially concentrated on planktology, and took the doctorate in 1902 with the thesis "Das Plankton des norwegischen Nordmeeres", following field study in the Norwegian Sea. In the same year he was among the founders of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. He worked as a research fellow at Bergens Museum from 1901 to 1905 and as a professor of botany and director of the University Botanical Garden in Kristiania from 1905 to 1940. Notable publications include the German-language "Diatomeen" (1908), "Pelagic Plant Life" (1912) and "A quantitative study of the phytoplankton in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine" (with Trygve Braarud, 1935). The two former were used as reference works in education for several decades.

paragraph: He was a member of Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. He was awarded the Alexander Agassiz Medal in 1938, and was a Knight of the Danish Order of the Dannebrog, the Swedish Order of the Polar Star and the Turkish Order of the Medjidie.

paragraph: Gran was also a choir singer, a keen horticulturalist (chairman of the Norwegian Horticulture Society from 1908 to 1938), vice chairman of the Norwegian-British Friendship Society from 1921 to 1929 and a member of the Oxford Group. He died in 1955 in Oslo.

description: Norwegian botanist

wikidata_label: Haaken Hasberg Gran

wikipedia_title: Haaken Hasberg Gran


text: Orbetello

text: Tuscany

text: Italy

text: Russia

text: magician

text: Louis XVI

text: Directoire

text: First Empire

text: Robert-Houdin

text: Prussia

text: The King of Prussia

text: Berdichev

text: Volynia

text: Ukraine

text: Mémoires secrets

text: Harry Houdini Collection

text: Library of Congress

text: Library of Congress

text: La Maison de la Magie Robert-Houdin

text: Nicolas-Philippe Ledru

text: Henri Descremps

paragraph: Joseph Pinetti

paragraph: Giovanni Giuseppe Pinetti, (Joseph Pinetti Willedall de Merci) was known in France as Chevalier Joseph Pinetti (1750–circa 1803). He was born in Orbetello (in Tuscany, Italy) and probably died in Russia. He was known as "The Professor of Natural Magic" and was a complex flamboyant personage. He performed in the later part of the 18th century and was the most celebrated magician of his time. He was the first magician to take advantage of advertising for the theatre.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The magician of the court of Louis XVI and then under the Directoire and First Empire, author of the "Physical Amusements" (1784), helped expand the art of magic and also created new effects. At the time, magicians performed in the streets as troubadours. While other performers carried their equipment in bags tied around their waist and carried their tables under their arms,

paragraph: Pinetti brought his "experiments" as he called them, into the theatre. His predecessors performed with brass and tin gadgets, while Pinetti's was made of gold and silver. In his cabinet of curiosities, he claimed his tricks where based on controlled principles and presented them as scientific experiments. He was a short pudgy man whose demeanor was that of a king. During each performance he would change his gold-embroidered clothes three or four times throughout the evening.

paragraph: He was a professor in Rome before he became a professional magician. He did tricks for his students and presented them as demonstration of physics. So successful was he that he soon reproduced those demonstrations for his friends. They encouraged him to do it for the public. By 1780, Pinetti was performing in Germany and billed himself as "Joseph Pinetti, Roman Professor of Mathematics".

paragraph: He did such tricks with the impressive name "Theophrastus Paracelsus". Pinetti suspended a pigeon by a ribbon that was tied by his neck. A shadow of the bird was projected on the wall. He took a knife and slashed the shadow image of the bird's neck and within seconds it was beheaded.

paragraph: Professor Pinetti performed frequently in his theatre des Menus Plaisirs du Roi, in the suburbs of Paris. His stage setting was glorious while at the same time being straightforward. He had silk curtains around the stage, tables painted gold, and two crystal chandeliers hanging from above. In France, critics said that Pinetti's opening night audience was large. They went on to talk about the twenty-three experiments the Professor demonstrated. Even though he only knew a few words in French, he had no problem charming the distinguished audience. He soon became the talk of Paris. So much so that the King commanded him to do a private performance for him.

paragraph: During his run in Paris, seats were a premium being booked weeks in advance. Professor Pinetti was riding this crest of fame until in early March 1784, a book was published revealing all of his experiments as mere tricks. "La Magic Blanche Dévoilée" (Natural Magic Disclosed) was written by a lawyer and student of physics by the name of Henri Decremps. Even though Pinetti's name was not mentioned, it was assumed that book was a revelation on his methods. It quickly became a best seller.

paragraph: Even though not all of the tricks were correctly explained, the damage was done. Attendance at the theatre dropped. The book ruined the suspense that the experiments brought. In June, Pinetti published his own book "Amusements Physiques" (Physical Amusements). This was not the expose that Decremps wrote, but an instruction book teaching how to “amuse a company.” Then he went to the providences and rehearsed a new program. From there he went to England and he presented his experiments at the London's New Theatre. Later he performed for King George III and the royal family. While in London (from September 1784 and February 1785) he harshly rivalled with another well-known conjurer, Philip Breslaw.

paragraph: He returned to Paris, but his tour was shortened when another book was published by Decremps showing the new tricks of Pinetti's. Decremps attempted to perform himself as a magician but was not as skilled on the stage as he was in his books.

paragraph: Professor Pinetti was mentioned in Robert-Houdin’s memoirs. He told a fantastical story about his mentor Torrini, a/k/a Count Edmond de Grisy confrontation with Pinetti. He claimed that Pinetti was jealous of the newcomer de Grisy and arranged a performance to sabotage him. After the humiliation, de Grisy learned the profession so well, that his skills outmatched those of his rival. So much so that Pinetti was forced to leave France. It was doubtful if there ever was a Count Edmond de Grisy or if he ever was an adversary of Pinetti's.

paragraph: Professor Pinetti was known for the amount of money he made throughout his career and flaunting it where ever he went. He continued his tour in Portugal and throughout Europe. It was in Berlin where his flaunting backfired on him. While performing in Prussia, he arrived in the capital city of Berlin in a coach drawn by four white horses. He was dressed as a nobleman of the highest rank. His chest was covered with chivalric orders. With all of this strutting, it was no doubt he was the talk of the town.

paragraph: The King of Prussia, known as Frederick the Great, strolled by in a much plainer coach pulled by only two horses. He saw his guard salute a man he never saw before. After some inquiry, he was told that it was magician Professor Pinetti. When Frederick the Great saw this he was so angry he ordered Pinetti to leave Berlin within twenty-four hours. He said that Berlin was not large enough for two reigning monarchs; the King of Prussia and the King of Conjurers.

paragraph: Pinetti went to Russia afterwards and was treated better by their ruling monarch. The Czar was so impressed by Pinetti's experiments that he gave the Professor a large ring and a diamond-studded medallion. While in Russia he made a fortune, but lost most of it in a bad investment on a partnership in balloon ascensions.

paragraph: Robert-Houdin mentions that Pinetti suffered from a long and cruel illness. With all of his wealth, he was reduced to poverty. He was taken in by a nobleman from the town of Berdichev in Volynia (modern-day Ukraine). The nobleman gave him shelter out of compassion for the dying man. Pinetti soon died of his illness.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Physical Amusements and Diverting Experiments" (1784)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Journal de Paris", 20 December 1783, 18 March 1785.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mémoires secrets" (so-called Bachaumont), XXIV, 103. XXV, 9.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pinetti, Philadelphia und Enslin, oder, Die enthüllten Zauberkräfte From Harry Houdini Collection in the Rare Book and Special Collection Division at the Library of Congress

paragraph: BULLET::::- Physical amusements and diverting experiments From the Collections at the Library of Congress

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Maison de la Magie Robert-Houdin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolas-Philippe Ledru

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henri Descremps

description: Italian magician

wikidata_label: Joseph Pinetti

wikipedia_title: Joseph Pinetti


text:
Latin
Czech
Slovak
House of Mojmir
Great Moravia
Magyars
Svatopluk I
Principality of Nitra
appanage
Svatopluk II
Arnulf of Carinthia
East Francia
Balaton Principality
Bohemia
Lusatia
Carpathians
Svatopluk II
Old Church Slavonic
Nitra
Transdanubia
Poland
three battles of Bratislava
Bohemia
Kingdom of Hungary
Slovakia
Menumorut

categories: 906 deaths,Year of birth unknown,9th-century Slavs,9th-century rulers in Europe,Great Moravia

paragraph: Mojmir II of Moravia

paragraph: Mojmir II (Latin: "Moymirus", Czech and Slovak: "Mojmír II.", born after 871, died after 901) was a member of the House of Mojmir and since 894 the last known ruler of Great Moravia. He probably died in the beginning of the 10th century in a battle against the Magyars.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mojmir succeeded his father Svatopluk I as the king of Great Moravia in 894. At the same time, the Principality of Nitra was given as an appanage to his brother Svatopluk II. But Svatopluk II, supported by Arnulf of Carinthia, king of East Francia, rebelled against Mojmir II in 895 and again in 897, when he concluded an agreement of cooperation with Arnulf. As a result, Mojmir II attacked his brother, but was defeated by East Frankish troops sent to support Svatopluk II's rebellion.

paragraph: Weakened by internal conflict, Great Moravia lost its peripheral territories: It ceded the Balaton Principality to the Eastern Franks in 894, after Magyar tribes had looted this region. Bohemia, seceding from Great Moravia in the following year, became Arnulf’s vassal. Lusatia also left the Great Moravian empire in 897 and became Arnulf's vassal. Another danger emerged, when Magyars crossed the Carpathians to definitively stay in the Carpathian Basin (895/896). In 896, they settled or were settled in the scarcely populated territories of Great Moravia, residing around the upper/middle Tisza River in 900/901. After several looting raids in Europe, they moved to Transdanubia.

paragraph: Despite these disasters, Mojmir managed to consolidate his power. In 898 he asked the Pope to consecrate new Great Moravian clerics in order to decrease the influence of Bavarian clerics in his country. The Bavarians (i.e. Eastern Franks), upset by the 898 demand, sent troops to Great Moravia, which were defeated by Mojmir II. Moreover, Mojmir captured the still rebellious Svatopluk II. But Svatopluk II was eventually rescued by the Bavarian troops, with whom he fled to Germany.

paragraph: After the death of king Arnulf, the Pope finally sent his legates to consecrate a Great Moravian archbishop and three bishops in 899, thus decreasing the influence of the Bavarian clergy. The only thing we know about them is that the archbishop allowed liturgies to be conducted in Old Church Slavonic again (i.e. as opposed to Latin liturgies) and one of them had his seat in Nitra.

paragraph: As mentioned above, in 900 the Magyars invaded Transdanubia (a former Great Moravian territory occupied by Franks) and raided Bavaria together with Mojmir’s troops. Eastern Francia was compelled to conclude a peace treaty with Great Moravia in 901 and Mojmir was reconciled with his brother, who is assumed to have returned to Great Moravia about this time. The peace treaty with the Eastern Franks also put an end to wars between Great Moravia and the Frankish vassal Bohemia lasting since 895. When and whether the territory that is now southern Poland seceded from Great Moravia is unknown.

paragraph: Nevertheless, the Magyars become dangerous for both Eastern Francia and Great Moravia. Mojmir stopped their attacks in 902 and 906. In 904, he was even assisted by a Bavarian contingent. Mojmir II and Svatopluk II probably died in 906, a year of intense warfare with the Magyars.

paragraph: In 907, the Magyars routed the Bavarian army at the three battles of Bratislava. Mojmir or any name of a successor is not mentioned in connection with this important battle(s).

paragraph: After 907 the Great Moravian Empire began to disintegrate. The remnants of the core territory of Great Moravia were divided between the newly established states of Bohemia and the Kingdom of Hungary, and small local ruler(s) continued to rule for some decades in the mountains of what is now Slovakia.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Menumorut

description: Duke of Great Moravia

wikidata_label: Mojmir II

wikipedia_title: Mojmir II of Moravia