text: King of K-pop

text: YG Entertainment

text: boy band

text: Big Bang

text: Heartbreaker

text: title track of the same name

text: 2009 Mnet Asian Music Awards

text: T.O.P

text: GD & TOP

text: EP

text: One of a Kind

text: One of a Kind

text: Crayon

text: That XX

text: Seoul Music Awards

text: first worldwide tour

text: 2013 Mnet Asian Music Awards

text: "Coup d'Etat"

text: Kwon Ji Yong

text: Untitled, 2014

text: Forbes

text: written

text: Gaon Digital Chart

text: "Billboard" Hot 100

text: SM Entertainment

text: Wu-Tang Clan

text: Choi Seung-hyun

text: Jinusean

text: YG Entertainment

text: Yang Hyun Suk

text: Dong Young-bae

text: GDYB

text: Jang Hyun-seung

text: Daesung

text: Seungri

text: first album

text: Maroon 5

text: This Love

text: EP

text: Always

text: Lies

text: Hot Issue

text: Last Farewell

text: Stand Up

text: Day by Day

text: "Hot"

text: Lexy

text: W-inds.

text: Rain Is Fallin'/Hybrid Dream

text: Heartbreaker

text: Teddy

text: Taeyang

text: CL

text: Sandara Park

text: lead-single of the same name

text: Mnet Asian Music Awards

text: Sony Music

text: Heartbreaker

text: Butterfly

text: Flo Rida

text: Right Round

text: Oasis's

text: She's Electric

text: EMI

text: YG Entertainment

text: Flo Rida

text: Shine a Light

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text: Olympic Gymnastics Arena

text: A Boy

text: YG Entertainment

text: collaboration

text: "GD & TOP"

text: Yeongdeungpo

text: Seoul

text: High High

text: Gaon Digital Chart

text: Gaon Album Chart

text: Park Myung Soo

text: Infinite Challenge

text: Park Bom

text: Gaon Music Chart

text: 2011 MTV EMAs

text: Pixie Lott

text: Young Foolish Happy

text: "One of a Kind"

text: Billboard

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text: Korean Music Awards

text: That XX

text: Crayon

text: Spin Magazine

text: "Heartbreaker"

text: 14th Mnet Asian Music Awards

text: 22nd Seoul Music Awards

text: One of a Kind World Tour

text: Rain

text: Grammy Award

text: Missy Elliott

text: Coup d'Etat

text: Diplo

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text: Boys Noize

text: Sky Ferreira

text: Siriusmo

text: Zion.T

text: Jennie Kim

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text: Gaon Digital Chart

text: Who You?

text: Crooked

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text: EDM

text: 15th Mnet Asian Music Awards

text: World Music Awards

text: Infinite Challenge

text: Imjingak

text: Jeong Hyeong-don

text: Crush

text: Taeyang

text: Rise

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text: Hot Dance/Electronic Songs

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text: Welcome Back

text: third Korean album

text: Infinite Challenge

text: Hwang Kwanghee

text: Baauer

text: Aa

text: M.I.A.

text: Zion.T

text: OO

text: IU

text: Palette

text: her album of the same name

text: self-titled EP

text: Untitled, 2014

text: CDs

text: USB flash drive

text: Gaon

text: United States

text: "Billboard" 200

text: Heatseeksers Albums

text: World Albums

text: China

text: QQ Music

text: Seoul World Cup Stadium

text: YouTube Premium

text: mandatory military service

text: 3rd Infantry Division

text: Wu-Tang Clan

text: Pharrell Williams

text: hip hop

text: Jinusean

text: Fabolous

text: Kanye West

text: electronic music

text: GD & TOP

text: GD X Taeyang

text: "Heartbreaker"

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text: "GD & TOP"

text: Crayon

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text: Coup d'Etat

text: dubstep

text: "Billboard magazine"

text: album's title track

text: trap

text: Gil Scott-Heron

text: Crooked

text: pop-punk

text: metal guitar

text: bass line

text: Niliria

text: surrealist

text: Kwon Ji Yong

text: R&B

text: Untitled, 2014

text: ballad

text: "Fuse"

text: Adele

text: Someone like You

text: Daft Punk

text: Discovery

text: horror films

text: That XX

text: Spin

text: The Guardian

text: narcissism

text: A Boy

text: punk

text: the EP of the same name

text: Coup d'Etat

text: If You

text: Bae Bae

text: Francis Bacon

text: Loser

text: YG Entertainment

text: iKon

text: One of a Kind World Tour

text: Michael Jackson

text: "Rolling Stone India"

text: "Billboard" K-Town

text: Dazed

text: Elle

text: androgynous appearance

text: Korea JoongAng Daily

text: "Vogue Magazine"

text: International Business Times

text: "Dazed and Confused"

text: "Vogue Magazine"

text: The New York Times

text: Lady Gaga

text: W

text: Dazed

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text: Harper’s Bazaar

text: Esquire

text: The Chosun Ilbo

text: Street Style

text: New York

text: pension hotel

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text: Hyukoh

text: single

text: YG Entertainment

text: Jeju Shinhwa World

text: Airbnb

text: Shinsegae

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text: Jeju Island

text: Jeju Island

text: Chow Tai Fook Enterprises

text: Seoul Museum of Art

text: Giuseppe Zanotti

text: Samsung C&T Fashion Group

text: Dover Street Market

text: London

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text: Taeyang

text: Chanel

text: Pharrell

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text: Vogue

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text: YG Entertainment

text: UN Refugee Agency

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text: AIDS

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text: Jeju Island

text: Golden Disc Awards

text: Korean Music Awards

text: MBC Entertainment Awards

text: World Music Awards

text: Mnet Asian Music Awards

text: Melon Music Awards

text: "Arena" magazine

text: Style Icon Asia

text: GQ Korea

text: Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism

text: The Korea Times

text: The Korea Times

text: Zico

text: BamBam

text: Seventeen

text: Jaden Smith

text: Younha

text: One

text: Lee Seung-hwan

text: Kim Eana

text: DinDin

text: Grimes

text: Mix Nine

text: One of a Kind

text: The Dong-a Ilbo

text: Spin

text: Korea Music Copyright Association

text: Teddy Park

text: CNN

text: Ilgan Sports

text: Diplo

text: Forbes

text: ABS-CBN

text: BTS

text: Jimin

text: Rolling Stone

text: Dazed

text: Vogue

text: Michael Jackson

text: "Billboard"

text: Vogue

text: i-D

text: world tour

text: Kyung Hee University

text: Gukje Cyber University

text: Bachelor's degree

text: Master's degree

text: Instagram

text: Heartbreaker

text: Coup d'Etat

text: One of a Kind World Tour

categories: Japanese-language singers of South Korea,Big Bang (South Korean band) members,South Korean hip hop singers,South Korean male rappers,1988 births,South Korean rhythm and blues singers,Korean Music Award winners,21st-century South Korean singers,G-Dragon,South Korean pop singers,South Korean singer-songwriters,South Korean record producers,Rappers from Seoul,South Korean male idols,Mnet Asian Music Award winners,YG Entertainment artists,Living people,English-language singers from South Korea

paragraph: G-Dragon

paragraph: Kwon Ji-yong (; born August 18, 1988), also known by his stage name G-Dragon, is a South Korean singer-songwriter, rapper, record producer, entrepreneur and fashion icon known for penning chart-topping singles and his stage presence that has garnered him the title "King of K-pop". From age twelve, G-Dragon trained for six years at South Korean entertainment label YG Entertainment before debuting in 2006 as the leader of the hip hop boy band Big Bang, which went on to become one of the best-selling boy bands in the world.

paragraph: His first solo album "Heartbreaker" and its title track of the same name, released in 2009, were commercially successful, becoming the best-selling album by a Korean soloist at the time and earning him Album of the Year at the 2009 Mnet Asian Music Awards. G-Dragon collaborated with Big Bang bandmate T.O.P to release the album "GD & TOP" in 2010. His first EP "One of a Kind" (2012), was critically acclaimed and yielded three singles: "One of a Kind", "Crayon", and the chart-topper "That XX". The EP earned Record of the Year at the 2013 Seoul Music Awards. In 2013, he embarked on his first worldwide tour as a solo artist, making him the first Korean soloist to tour Japanese dome arenas. G-Dragon was awarded Artist of the Year at the 2013 Mnet Asian Music Awards following the success of his second album "Coup d'Etat" (2013). His 2017 EP, "Kwon Ji Yong", yielded the number one single "Untitled, 2014", and the supporting concert tour became the largest tour ever conducted by a Korean soloist.

paragraph: Widely recognized for his influence on youth culture, fashion trends, and music in South Korea, G-Dragon was named by "Forbes" in 2016 as the most influential person under 30 in Asia's entertainment and sports. Producing not only for his band but also for his and his bandmates' solo releases, G-Dragon has written or co-written 23 number one songs on the Gaon Digital Chart (equivalent to the "Billboard" Hot 100), most of which he has also co-produced.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:1988–2008: Early life and debut with Big Bang.

paragraph: Born and raised in Seoul, Kwon Ji-yong began his career at age six as part of the group Little Roo'Ra. After releasing a Christmas album, the group's contract was terminated by their record company, which came as a "shock" to G-Dragon. Although he vowed to his mother that he "wouldn't [try to become a singer] again," he was scouted by SM Entertainment while on a ski trip with his family. He was a trainee under the record label for five years (from 8–13 years old), specializing in dance before he left, unclear about what he wanted to do.

paragraph: In third grade, Kwon was introduced to the American rap group Wu-Tang Clan by a friend. Inspired by their music, he developed an interest in rapping and began taking classes. Under People Crew's tutelage, he participated in the release of the Korean hip-hop album "Flex" in 2001, becoming the youngest Korean rapper at 13 years old. Although he wrote his own lyrics, he admitted that his English was weak and the story behind the lyrics was just another typical "I'm young, but I'm the best" story. Additionally, he and future fellow Big Bang member Choi Seung-hyun were "neighborhood friend[s] from middle school" and would often dance and rap together before Kwon moved away. Catching the interest of Sean of the hip-hop duo Jinusean from YG Entertainment, Kwon was recommended by him to Sean's record label's CEO Yang Hyun Suk. After signing a contract with the record label, Kwon spent the first year cleaning the studio for the other artists in the record label and fetching them water bottles during dance practice.

paragraph: Kwon and another trainee, Dong Young-bae, originally planned to debut as the hip hop duo GDYB, with Kwon choosing the stage name of G-Dragon ("Ji" is pronounced like "G", and Yong is Korean for "dragon"). He made several featured appearances on other artists' albums and even released several singles with Dong under the name "GDYB." After YG Entertainment scrapped the plan and opted for a boy band instead, Kwon contacted Choi, who auditioned in. G-Dragon, Dong (who chose the stage name Taeyang), and Choi (who chose the stage name T.O.P), were paired with three other members (Jang Hyun-seung, Daesung, and Seungri).

paragraph: The formation of the group was documented on television, but prior to their official debut, Jang was dropped. The now-quintet's debut was a moderate success, with their first album netting in sales of over 100,000 copies, and included G-Dragon's first solo recording, a cover of the American alternative rock group Maroon 5's single "This Love". The release of the EP "Always" in 2007 was a musical departure from their previous materials and saw G-Dragon's increased involvement in its production. Several songs were composed by him, including the lead-single "Lies" (), which became the group's first number one hit. Their following EPs followed its predecessor's footsteps: "Hot Issue" yielded "Last Farewell" () while "Stand Up" spawned "Day by Day" (); both singles, composed by him, were chart-toppers. Having produced the majority of Big Bang's materials, G-Dragon became involved with the production of Taeyang's debut extended play "Hot" (2008), after which he subsequently recorded a "Part Two" to the EP's lead single "Only Look at Me" ().

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:2009–2011: Solo career development, "Heartbreaker", and "GD & TOP".

paragraph: In 2009, G-Dragon was featured on singer Lexy's song "Super Fly" for her album "Rush" alongside Taeyang and T.O.P. He later collaborated with the Japanese boy band W-inds. for their single, "Rain Is Fallin'/Hybrid Dream". His first solo album, "Heartbreaker", was initially scheduled to be released in April that year, but was pushed back to August to coincide with his 21st (Korean years: 22nd) birthday. Featuring collaborations with several artists, including Teddy of 1TYM, Taeyang, Kush, CL of 2NE1, and Sandara Park of 2NE1, the album marked a change in G-Dragon's appearance as he dyed his hair blonde to match its concept. Propelled by its lead-single of the same name, an electronic pop song that sold nearly five million downloads, the album surpassed 300,000 copies sold and went on to win Album of the Year from the 2009 Mnet Asian Music Awards. Shortly after "Heartbreaker"'s release, G-Dragon was accused of plagiarism by Sony Music when his tracks "Heartbreaker" and "Butterfly" were alleged to be similar to Flo Rida's "Right Round" and Oasis's "She's Electric", respectively. However, EMI, the record label that distributed "Right Round" said that they saw no similarities between these two songs.

paragraph: On March 6, 2010, YG Entertainment announced that they personally contacted Flo Rida's representatives requesting that he feature in G-Dragon's live album, "Shine a Light", to which Flo Rida accepted. In support of his album, G-Dragon staged his at Olympic Gymnastics Arena in December 2009. The name of the concert, Shine a Light"," was derived from the lyrics to his song "A Boy". The concert subsequently sparked controversy following complaints of obscenity and suggestive content. The Korean Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family Affairs later asked the government prosecutors to investigate if G-Dragon or YG Entertainment violated laws on obscene performances in his concert. He was found innocent and was cleared of all charges on March 15, 2010.

paragraph: In November 2010, G-Dragon and T.O.P released their collaboration album "GD & TOP". Preceding the release of the album, the duo held a worldwide premiere showcase for their album at Times Square in Yeongdeungpo of Seoul, which was also broadcast live on YouTube. To promote their album, the duo released three singles: "High High", "Oh Yeah", and "Knock Out" (Korean: 뻑이가요; Revised Romanization: "Ppeogigayo"). All three singles preceded the release of the album and achieved commercial success: "High High" scored number one on several music programs while "Oh Yeah" peaked at number two on the Gaon Digital Chart. The album was released on Christmas Eve, and debuted at number one on the Gaon Album Chart with pre-orders of 200,000 copies.

paragraph: G-Dragon also formed a duo with Park Myung Soo for the Infinite Challenge Seohae Ahn Highway Song Festival 2011. They released their song "Having an Affair ()" featuring Park Bom from 2NE1 on June 2, 2011. The song later became the second most downloaded song on the Gaon Music Chart for the year 2011.

paragraph: Promotional activities halted after G-Dragon tested positive for marijuana. Though a urine test back in August came back negative, a weak positive for marijuana was detected from testing the content of his hair in October. Since it was his first recorded offense with a minuscule amount of the drug, it resulted in an indictment and he was not charged. He later claimed to have accepted a cigarette offered by a fan in Japan during a party back in May, but after realizing it was not a normal cigarette, threw it away. Because he was not charged, he did not lose any endorsers and made his first public appearance after the scandal at the 2011 MTV EMAs with his group.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:2012–2013: "One of a Kind", world tour, and "Coup d'Etat".

paragraph: While working on new solo materials, G-Dragon made an appearance in the Japanese version of Pixie Lott's album "Young Foolish Happy", along with T.O.P. His first extended play "One of a Kind" was released on September 15, 2012, drawing positive reviews, placing first on the "Billboard" World Album Chart and entering the "Billboard" 200 Chart at 161. Three singles were released to support the album: the top-five hit "One of a Kind," which earned him the Best Hip Hop and Rap Song of the Year awards from the Korean Music Awards and the Rhythmer Awards respectively; the number one "That XX" (Korean: 그 XX; Revised Romanization: "Geu XX"); and the top-three hit "Crayon" that was ranked by "Spin Magazine" as the best K-Pop single of the year. The album sold over 200,000 copies, making it the highest selling solo album in Korea since the release of his debut album "Heartbreaker" in 2009. For his effort, he won "Best Male Solo Artist" at the 14th Mnet Asian Music Awards and "Record of the Year" for "One of a Kind" at the 22nd Seoul Music Awards. G-Dragon also embarked on the One of a Kind World Tour in 2013, becoming the first Korean solo artist to hold a four-dome tour in Japan and the second Korean solo artist to have a world tour (the first being Rain). The production of the tour cost $3.5 million, making it the largest scale in Korean history at the time. The tour was held in 8 countries, visited 13 cities for a total of 27 concerts gathering 570,000 fans.

paragraph: After touring extensively, G-Dragon went back into the studio to record his second studio album. YG Entertainment later announced that Grammy Award-winning musician Missy Elliott will be featured on the album. "Coup d'Etat" (2013) was released in two parts online, with the full album released physically on September 13, featuring collaborations with Diplo, Baauer, Boys Noize, Sky Ferreira, Siriusmo, Zion.T, Lydia Paek, and label-mate Jennie Kim. G-Dragon and Missy Elliott performed the song "Niliria" () at the KCON 2013 in Los Angeles. Six tracks from "Coup d'Etat" placed within the top 10 of the Gaon Digital Chart, including the number one "Who You?" (). The best-performing single of the album was "Crooked" (), with over 1.8 million digital downloads, which was his first solo music video to surpass 100 million views on YouTube. The title track "Coup d'Etat" (Korean: 쿠데타; Revised Romanization: "Kudeta") was chosen by "Billboard" as one of the game-changing EDM tracks of 2013. The album entered the "Billboard" 200, making G-Dragon the first Korean act to have multiples entries on the chart. The success of "Coup d'Etat" led to G-Dragon winning a total of four awards at the 15th Mnet Asian Music Awards: Best Male Solo Artist, Best Music Video for "Coup d'Etat", Best Dance Performance for "Crooked", and the highest award, Artist of The Year. He later took home the World's Best Entertainer and World's Best Album at the World Music Awards.

paragraph: G-Dragon participated in the Infinite Challenge music festival again for the second time on October 17, 2013 in Imjingak, composing and performing the song "Going to Try" () with comedian Jeong Hyeong-don.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:2014–2016: Collaborations and music producing.

paragraph: In 2014, he wrote and produced for other YG artists, penning the track "Good to You" from 2NE1's album "Crush". He also worked with Taeyang on his second album "Rise", writing and producing the lead single "Ringa Linga" and "Stay With Me", featuring on the latter track. In November 2014, G-Dragon and Taeyang formed a duo to release the single "Good Boy", which debuted at number one on "Billboard"'s World Digital Songs chart, the third time a Korean act topped the chart after PSY and 2NE1. The single had over 1.2 million downloads in South Korea, while its music video surpassed 100 million views on YouTube, making Big Bang the first Korean male group to have three 100 million YouTube hits under its belt. In December of the same year, G-Dragon collaborated with Skrillex and Diplo for the song "Dirty Vibe", which also features labelmate CL. The single charted at number 15 on "Billboard"'s Hot Dance/Electronic Songs and 21 on Dance/Electronic Digital Songs, making them the first Korean artists to land on the chart. In 2015, he wrote and produced a song for YG Entertainment's new rookie group iKon for their debut album "Welcome Back".

paragraph: G-Dragon spent the majority of 2015 and 2016 touring with his band for their third Korean album, performing for over 3.6 million fans in two years. He participated in the 2015 Infinite Challenge music festival for the third consecutive time, and the first with bandmate Taeyang. The duo teamed up with 's Hwang Kwanghee and released the single "Mapsosa", which peaked at number two on the Gaon Digital Chart, and sold 1.1 million copies by the end of the year, making it one of the best-selling songs of 2015. He appeared on the same show again the following year, for the "Muhan Company" special, which was a two-episode thriller movie, where he acted for the first time. Additionally, he featured in Baauer's song "Temple" from his debut album "Aa" (2016) along with British rapper M.I.A. The song charted at number 36 on "Billboard"'s Dance/Electronic Digital Songs and number 26 on Hot Dance/Electronic Songs, making him the first Korean male artist to chart twice on both charts.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:2017–present: "Kwon Ji Yong", second world tour, and mandatory military service.

paragraph: G-Dragon was featured on Zion.T's song "Complex" for his album "OO" (2017), which peaked at number two on the Gaon Digital Chart. He also served as a guest rapper for IU's lead single "Palette," off her album of the same name which topped the Gaon Chart for two consecutive weeks. After the promotional activities with his band wrapped up, G-Dragon began preparing for the release of his new album, along with a solo concert tour.

paragraph: The single "Bullshit" was set to serve as the lead single to precede the release of his second self-titled EP. Amid bandmate T.O.P's marijuana scandal and the prior single's provocative name, "Untitled, 2014" was serviced to radio instead to avoid further controversy for the artist's record label. Forgoing the traditional method of CDs, "Kwon Ji Yong" was released in USB flash drive format on June 8, drawing criticism from Gaon and denied being regarded as an official album. Gaon reversed its decision later that year, acknowledging the format. The release saw him topping iTunes charts in 46 countries, the most by any Korean album, including the US iTunes chart. "Kwon Ji Yong" also topped the iTunes worldwide album and European iTunes charts making him the first Korean soloist to do so. In the United States, "Kwon Ji Yong" became his best-selling album in just one day and his third entry on the "Billboard" 200 and first number one on the Heatseeksers Albums. Additionally, the EP became his third chart-topper and the first by a Korean soloist to spend multiple weeks atop the "Billboard" World Albums. In China, the album surpassed 760,000 digital units sold in a day on QQ Music, the biggest music site in the country. Six days after its release, it surpassed one million copies sold, becoming the fastest album to do so and the best-selling album of the year so far. His second world tour, , began at Seoul World Cup Stadium on June 10, 2017 and visited 29 cities across Asia, North America, Europe and Oceania. The tour is the largest tour by a Korean artist in the United States and Europe, and is the largest concert tour ever conducted by a Korean solo artist, it was attended by 654,000 people worldwide. A behind-the-scenes documentary look at the tour was released by YouTube Premium in September 2018.

paragraph: G-Dragon began his two-year mandatory military service on February 27, 2018, by entering the 3rd Infantry Division’s boot camp in Gangwon province as an active duty soldier, where he is set to be discharged on October 26, 2019, after completing the requirements. On May 17, 2018, G-Dragon was reported to have undergone surgery to his right ankle due to previous injuries. He returned to his military base a few days later. However, on June 25, 2018, South Korean media outlet, Dispatch, reported that the artist was receiving special treatment in Yangzhou Armed Forces Hospital during his stay. He was said to be resting in a hospital room dedicated to Colonels although he is only a Private First Class. Later on, his music label, YG Entertainment, as well as the Ministry of Defense released statements claiming that the allegations were false and that he was not receiving any special treatments. In the midst of the rumors, a petition has been set up in the government's website to shut down Dispatch due to the belief that the company was releasing fabricated articles in attempts to entertain people without any regards to the validity of the news as well as how the news would affect the person or people involved.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.:Music.

paragraph: Inspired by the music of Wu-Tang Clan and citing American singer Pharrell Williams as his "musical hero", G-Dragon's production discography is predominately hip hop. He has also listed Jinusean, Fabolous and Kanye West as influences. At the age of 12, he participated in the annual hip hop "Flex" album in an attempt jumpstart his career as a hip hop artist. When Big Bang debuted, G-Dragon produced mainly hip hop songs for their albums before the quintet branched out and experimented with electronic music, setting it as the new music trend in Korea. While the band continues to incorporate a diverse range of genre into their materials, G-Dragon focuses mainly on hip hop for his solo efforts and the two sub-units he is a part of (GD & TOP, GD X Taeyang) to contrast Big Bang's sound.

paragraph: He first album "Heartbreaker" was a mix of dance, hip-hop, and R&B while acoustic, hip hop and electronic music influenced "GD & TOP". The song "Crayon" from the EP "One of a Kind" is a mix between hip-hop and electronic music whereas "One of a Kind" is hip hop and pop-rap song. G-Dragon's second album, "Coup d'Etat", is noted for being an eclectic mix of hip-hop, dubstep, rock, electro, and pop, with Jessica Oak from "Billboard magazine" describing the album's title track, which was co-produced by American DJs Diplo and Baauer, as a slow tempo trap influenced song. The song also samples Gil Scott-Heron's "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised." Meanwhile, "Crooked" was described as a "synthed-up, deliriously catchy pop-punk" with a "neon-bright" sound, fusing "heavy drumbeats and metal guitar riffs" and featuring a "heavy bass line and fully amplified sound at the chorus." In the track, G-Dragon also mixes rap with singing. "Niliria" was noted for sounding ethnic and surrealist.

paragraph: "Kwon Ji Yong" continues to feature songs under the hip-hop and R&B genre, with the exception of its lead single, "Untitled, 2014", which is a ballad. Despite primarily being a rapper, the latter also has G-Dragon only singing over a "single piano accompaniment," with Jeff Benjamin of "Fuse" comparing the song to Adele's "Someone like You" for its simplicity. The intro, "Middle Fingers-Up", features a piano riff with an underlying trap beat. Act I. or "Bullshit" is a multi-layered hip-hop track characterized by a pulsating chorus and sudden beat and rhythm changes. Act II. or "Super Star" is a slow jam fused with trap, filled with brassy drums, Middle-Eastern horns, lilting synths, and a backing chorus. The outro, "Divina Commedia", is an experimental alt-R&B track which samples "Veridis Quo" from Daft Punk's 2001 album "Discovery".

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.:Lyrics and themes.

paragraph: G-Dragon writes the majority of his lyrics, explaining that "each feeling [in creating the music] is different", using his emotions to direct the lyrical content and the composition of his songs. Preferring to pen lyrics that "sound like an actual story," G-Dragon has said he injects throughout his songwriting process "a sense of eeriness" writing songs that resemble horror films, like "She's Gone", "Window" and "That XX". "Spin" magazine wrote that G-Dragon's music is "daring by K-pop standards, wildly innovative by any standard" and that the rapper seems "unafraid of constantly pushing forward."

paragraph: "The Guardian" noted that his songs stand out for "more in-depth themes including self-destruction and narcissism." The lyrics in his song "A Boy" was in response to the negative criticisms surrounding his 2009 plagiarism controversy, with the artist refusing to give up on his career despite the setbacks. "Crooked" was created to express his natural punk attitude by describing a man "full of angst and despair" that demands to be left alone as he spends the night "like a 'crooked-minded person,' because in the end, he's alone and doesn't need anyone's 'sugarcoated sympathy.'" His use of explicit languages in "That XX" drew controversy for the artist, and the song was deemed unsuitable for listeners below 19 years of age, and compromised words were replaced by beeps in the music video. Discussing "cheeky" themes such as money and fame, "One of a Kind" from the EP of the same name is often view as one of his best work, with "Ize" magazine listing it as one of the most memorable songs written by G-Dragon, commenting that it raised his status as a hip-hop musician. "Middle Fingers Up" from "Kwon Ji-Yong" discusses the diminishing number of his personal relationships and his ever-decreasing social circle while "Bullshit"'s lyrics are self-referential, referencing "Crayon" by name while the canine onomatopoeia recalls the title track to his last album "Coup d'Etat". He takes on a more remorseful approach in "Untitled, 2014", with the rapper apologizing for "his past actions, asking for forgiveness and the chance to see his ex again even if it's just one more time or in his dreams" in what has been described as "a letter to a past lover"

paragraph: He also explored other themes as a producer for Big Bang: "If You" was inspired during a time when the artist was in love, "Bae Bae" was inspired by the work of British artist Francis Bacon and the eroticism in his paintings, while "Loser" was written in an attempt to humanize the group. To distinguish himself from other artists and composers, G-Dragon admits to "giving twist and turn at every corner and evoking [a] different story" with each part of his music, acknowledging that although the chorus is the catchiest part of the song, he wants all the parts to his song to be remembered. Aside from producing songs for his own band, G-Dragon has also produced for other artists, including bandmates Taeyang's, Seungri's and Daesung's solo careers, and YG Entertainment label-mates iKon and 2NE1. He is often described as a "perfectionist" who's very critical during recording sessions.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.:Stage and alter ego.

paragraph: G-Dragon's stage presence and performances have been well-received. In a review for his One of a Kind World Tour, "Billboard" claimed that G-Dragon was a "highly-energetic performer" and was pushing boundaries with this tour, which was described as "vibrant" and a "Michael Jackson-level affair". "MWave" stated that G-Dragon showed that he's indeed one of a kind while "he burst forth in his own style and personality all throughout the concert." The critic concluded that the rapper "filled every corner of the stage perfectly with his solo presence." His second world tour, , received rave reviews from critics and fans and was noted for being more intimate. In a review for one of his performances in Thailand, Riddhi Chakraborty from "Rolling Stone India" praised the singer-rapper for delivering "precise choreograph[ies]" with "unwavering enthusiasm [...] and brutal honesty" while Kimberly Lim from "The New Paper" also noted how G-Dragon "performed gravity-defying and slick moves" at one of his concerts in Macau.

paragraph: "Billboard" K-Town describes his productions as large-scale, dramatic and infused with his personality, often incorporating a live band alongside professional dancers, various costumes changes, manipulation of stage lights, and the use of pyrotechnics. The singer-rapper's stage outfits have also garnered attention, with "Dazed" magazine noting that G-Dragon has the "rare ability to play loose and wild with his sartorial choices" to put together outfits that make the "ridiculous become sublime, [and] the impractical into the necessary." G-Dragon explains that while his "[s]tage outfits are loud, outspoken, glamorous, [and] fancy", they are very different from his "normal day to day clothing", preferring to wear "loud and outspoken" clothes when performing compare to a more casual style off-stage.

paragraph: While promoting his EP "Kwon Ji Yong", G-Dragon revealed that he originally created the alter ego G-Dragon to keep his stage persona separated from who he really is. "Seoul Beats" have described G-Dragon as "glamorous, cocky, [and] energetic", compared to his real-life "humble [and] understated" personality. In a 2017 interview with "Elle", he described G-Dragon as someone who is "full of self-confidence" and is "a fancier and stronger person" while Kwon Ji-yong is an "introvert[ed] guy" with "many thoughts in his mind." After the release of "Kwon Ji Yong" and while touring for , G-Dragon expressed a desire to distance himself from his alter ego, explaining to his fans that for the past few years he has been "living as G-Dragon, but now I want to live as Kwon Ji Yong." "Rolling Stone India" noted how during the third act of the concerts, fans were able to witness "the rather menacing G-Dragon melt away into the shy Ji Yong."

paragraph: Section::::Public image.

paragraph: G-Dragon maintains tight control over his career, publicly opposing the idea of singers as "products" of the entertainment industry and criticizing agencies who do not give their artists creative control. Known for reinventing his image and style throughout the years, the singer-rapper is often described as the "most fashionable" member in Big Bang. While promoting "Heartbreaker", his change in hairstyle by dyeing it blond gained popularity among his fans and became one of the top hairstyles of the year. He has consistently altered his hair throughout the years, ranging from various shades of colors to different cuts. Additionally, his constant sporting of triangular scarves during promotions for Big Bang's EP "Always" became a trend among teenagers and were later nicknamed the "Big Bang scarves."

paragraph: G-Dragon is noted for his androgynous appearance, with the "Korea JoongAng Daily" calling him "a notable star fashioning genderless style", noting how his image deviates from the fixed gender type of men and women. "Vogue Magazine" stated how his androgynous or gender-bending appearance defies a "society that maintains traditional, patriarchal values and a noted adherence to manufactured beauty ideals." When he collaborated with Italian footwear designer Giuseppe Zanotti to launch a limited-edition collection of men's and women's shoes, he stated that "it's not just girls or women who get excited and worked up over pretty shoes. [...] [G]uys can feel that way, too." G-Dragon's fashion has been described as "quirky and experimental" by Rushali Pawar of the "International Business Times" while Taylor Glasby from the British Magazine "Dazed and Confused" characterized his style as "fluid and far-reaching," calling him a "natural style chameleon." Monica Kim from "Vogue Magazine" admired his "uncanny knack for larger-than-life style that remains wearably cool." Joe Coscarelli from "The New York Times" calls him "a style icon, a chameleon who often makes peak-era Lady Gaga seem staid." He has covered various issues of "W", "Dazed", "Hypebeast", "Elle", "Vogue", and landed editorials in "Harper’s Bazaar", "Esquire", among other Asian magazines.

paragraph: G-Dragon stated that he was initially self-conscious of his role as a musician, noting how he had "changed many things including the tone of my voice because I was conscious about my job when I was in front of others." Aware that his public image is important when promoting his materials, G-Dragon notes that "what the public perceives of [me] is my doing so it's my fault if I give off the wrong intention." In recent years, he has become more relaxed, stating that now he doesn't "do music or dress up in order to impress people around me. I don't try to be conscious [about music and fashion]."

paragraph: G-Dragon was chosen by "The Chosun Ilbo" as the Best Dressed Celebrity of 2012, while in 2014, he was chosen as one of the Best-Dressed Street Style Stars of the year by "New York". G-Dragon was included in the 2015's and 2016's Business of Fashion's "500 Global Fashion Leaders" list, making him one of the five Koreans on the list, and the only K-Pop act to have made the cut. He was also the only Korean in "Hypebeast's 100 Innovators" list.

paragraph: Section::::Other ventures.

paragraph: Section::::Other ventures.:Business.

paragraph: In 2012, G-Dragon built a pension hotel as a gift to his family; fans can also stay at this hotel which is now run as a business by his parents. On October 20, 2015, G-Dragon officially opened his first cafe on Jeju Island, under the name of "Monsant Cafe". The South Korean indie band Hyukoh was the first artist to play at the café in September 2015. In 2017, his second cafe named "Untitled, 2017", inspired by the title of his most recent single, was built, alongside with a bowling alley both designed by G-Dragon. It is located within YG Entertainment's YG Republique building complex "YG Town" of Jeju Shinhwa World resort, for which he is an ambassador.

paragraph: Section::::Other ventures.:Endorsements.

paragraph: G-Dragon along with Big Bang are Korea's highest paid celebrities over endorsements, reportedly having an asking price of $1–1.5 million USD per endorsement in 2011. In August 2015, he became the face of Airbnb in the Asian market. In 2016, G-Dragon started endorsing Shinsegae, the largest retailer in South Korea and his merchandises were reported to take up over 49% of sales in the YG store. He also endorsed the Italian sportswear label Kappa as a part of their 100th anniversary and it was reported that he earned $1.9 million USD from the brand. He was selected as the face of Hyundai's Verna concept vehicle, appearing at an auto show in Beijing which saw 10,000 fans gather to see him in person. In 2017, G-Dragon endorsed Vidal Sassoon in China, he also joined Nike's Air Max Day global campaign and endorsed the Vapormax shoe, causing instant sell-outs across online stores in South Korea. The same year, he was announced as the official ambassador of luxury resort Jeju Shinhwa World, located on Jeju Island. In 2017, G-Dragon was chosen as the brand ambassador of Jeju Island's first premiere resort complex "Jeju Shinhwa World", G-Dragon directly participated in the development, designing and planning the concept of the resort complex.

paragraph: Section::::Other ventures.:Fashion and art.

paragraph: In 2013, G-Dragon partnered with Ambush for a special collaborative release which includes apparel and accessories. The collection highlights G-Dragon's signature crest by utilizing the design throughout the entire release. In 2014, G-Dragon partnered with Chow Tai Fook Enterprises jewelry and launched a collection designed by himself. G-Dragon opened an art exhibition in 2015 under the name "Peaceminusone: Beyond the Stage". The exhibition features 200 works of art from 12 domestic and international artists including Michael Scoggins, Sophie Clements and James Clar. Having worked on the exhibition for over a year, its aim is to bring the modern art and pop culture together in order to "introduce domestic artists to the public, who are unfamiliar with art or who find art unapproachable." The show was held at the Seoul Museum of Art from June 6 to August 23. He also launched a collaboration with Giuseppe Zanotti and designed two unisex shoe styles.

paragraph: In 2016, he collaborated with the brand 8 Seconds, part of the Samsung C&T Fashion Group, designing his first street fashion collection. The collection featured innovative "genderless" designs, suitable for both men and women. In October the same year, G-Dragon launched his personal fashion brand, Peaceminusone, with his long time stylist Gee Eun as an online store, with a collection that includes tees, caps, jewelry, and in-ear headphones. Later, the line was launched as a physical store at the Dover Street Market in London and in Seoul. His brand, Peaceminusone, collaborated with Ambush in November for a capsule collection of denim pieces, marking his third collaboration with the label. The same year, he starred in the official campaign for Seoul-based fashion label Juun.J's FW16 collection with Taeyang. He also became a brand ambassador for French fashion house Chanel, and starred in the label’s Gabrielle bag campaign during 2017, alongside industry legend Pharrell.

paragraph: In 2017, G-Dragon began doing pop-up shops for his brand Peaceminusone which started in Seoul. He then teamed up with the boutique called Alchemist to launch a six-day pop-up in Miami. While on his second world tour () he continued to make pit stops, to do pop-up shops in places like Osaka and Hong Kong. Later that year he collaborated with Vogue to do another pop-up shop in Seoul, selling limited edition Peaceminusone X Vogue apparel. He also launched collaboration with French retailer Colette which was made available to purchase on his online store.

paragraph: Section::::Other ventures.:Philanthropy.

paragraph: G-Dragon has shown support for numerous charity organizations over the years. Notably, the final concert of his world tour in 2013, a booth was erected where fans could donate to building a fishery in Haiti, as a collaboration with YG Entertainment's "With" Campaign, which he previously worked with to help build a school in Nepal. At the same event, he and his fans from 14 different countries around the world donated 9.9 tons of rice, which was sent to help malnourished children, elderly living on their own, and other people in need. He's reportedly donated ₩81.8 million ($80,000 USD) every year on his birthday. G-Dragon donated ₩50 million ($43,400 USD) in 2011 (when fans donated under his name) and in 2012 (privately by himself) to Seoul National University Hospital to help children with diseases get treatment, it was revealed accidentally in 2017 as his name was engraved on a plaque honoring those who had contributed ₩100 million or more.

paragraph: G-Dragon has used his image to raise awareness for multiple causes, including the UN Refugee Agency and the Red Campaign to fight AIDS. Additionally, in May 2017, a citrus tree forest was officially opened in the city of Seogwipo on Jeju Island, named after G-Dragon's real name, Kwon Ji-yong. The fruit harvested from the forest will be donated to charity events.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and achievements.

paragraph: G-Dragon has won two Golden Disc Awards, two Korean Music Awards, two MBC Entertainment Awards, two World Music Awards, seven Mnet Asian Music Awards, six Melon Music Awards among several other awards. In 2008, G-Dragon was honored with the award for Most Influential Men of the Year sponsored by "Arena" magazine, and in 2013, he was awarded the Style Icon of the Year award at the Style Icon Asia, being the first solo singer to win the award undivided. He was chosen by "GQ Korea" as their Man of the Year in 2015. Additionally, G-Dragon was honored at the 2016 Pop Culture & Arts Awards, held by the Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, being recognized for his influence and success on music and fashion.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Described as a "genius singer-songwriter" by "The Korea Times," G-Dragon's role in producing many of Big Bang's materials so early in their career was considered "unusual" at the time, as most K-pop bands are manufactured instead of self-produced. His involvement has shaped how new idol groups interact with their music, with "The Korea Times" acknowledging that his "unprecedented popularity" and recognition "has inspired many young idol-wannabes to become singer-songwriters." Artists that have cited his work as an influence include Zico, Got7's BamBam, Seventeen's S.Coups, Jaden Smith, Younha, One, Lee Seung-hwan, Kim Eana, DinDin, and Grimes, who states that K-pop, in particular G-Dragon, has influenced her musical style "more visually than anything else." "Mix Nine"'s winner Woo Jin Young stated that G-Dragon's "This Love" inspired him to be a rapper.

paragraph: His music has gained appreciation from critics. The song "One of a Kind" is listed in Korean music critic Kim Bong-hyun's book of most influential Korean hip hop songs from 1989 to 2016, naming it one of the 28 tracks that shaped the genre. It was also the only song by a solo artist to be included in "The Dong-a Ilbo"s 2016 list of the best male idol songs in the past 20 years. Meanwhile, "Spin" named "Crayon" the best K-pop single of 2012, with David Bevan commenting that the track "almost felt too big for the occasion, too brash to have come from the leader of a boy band." In 2013, "Crooked" was voted as MTV Iggy's Song of the Year, with the website commenting that "G-Dragon made a big splash in the world of K-pop and beyond with his solo album "Coup d'Etat." 'Crooked' from that album was the endlessly playable sound of him breaking big." The Korea Music Copyright Association lists over 160 songs under G-Dragon's name and in 2015, G-Dragon's annual earnings from song royalties was estimated to be over $700,000 a year. He was the highest paid touring singer-songwriter in Korea, as well as the youngest to be mentioned on a list of South Korean composers earning the most from songwriting royalties in 2012. In 2018, he tied with YG Entertainment producer Teddy Park for the most earned royalties for lyrics writing and song composition within the field of popular music from the Korean Music Copyright Association.

paragraph: G-Dragon was highlighted as one of the "50 Reasons Why Seoul is the Best City" by "CNN" in 2011 and topped the list of the "Most Influential Entities of K-Pop" by "Ilgan Sports" in 2013. That same year, collaborator Diplo declared that G-Dragon is a "phenom, [he's] bigger than the K-pop scene." The rapper has made "Forbes Korea's" list of "Korea 2030 Power Leaders" for three consecutive years, most recently in 2014. In 2018, 35 executives from 35 companies in the South Korean music industry chose G-Dragon as the best soloist in Korea while "ABS-CBN" lists him as their favorite K-pop idol leader, citing his creativity, dedication, and hard-work. That same year,"The Guardian" ranked G-Dragon No. 11 on their list of "30 Best Boyband Members," becoming only one of two Korean artists to be listed, with BTS's Jimin coming at No. 17. G-Dragon has been called the "King of K-Pop" by various media publications including "Rolling Stone", "Dazed" and "Vogue". His artistry, multi-hyphenate career, popularity and level of influence have drawn comparisons to American singer Michael Jackson by "Billboard", "Vogue", and "i-D", who hailed him as "the millennial Michael Jackson". Despite his success as a solo artist and leader of Big Bang, G-Dragon has admitted that he didn't realize how famous he was until he went on Big Bang's first world tour.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: G-Dragon enrolled at Kyung Hee University in 2008 to study post-modern music. He later dropped out due to his busy schedule and chose to major in Leisure Sports Studies at Gukje Cyber University instead, obtaining his Bachelor's degree in 2013. G-Dragon graduated in 2016 with his Master's degree in content and retail distribution at Sejong University. Plans for a doctoral degree have been delayed to accommodate his military enlistment. In 2018, "The Gazette Review" estimated that G-Dragon's net worth is $40 million. The rapper has gained a large following on social media, and he was () the most-followed Korean account on Instagram with over 16.1 million followers.

paragraph: G-Dragon began mandatory military service on February 27, 2018. After his basic training at South Korea’s 3rd Infantry 'White Skeleton' Division in Cheorwon, Gangwon Province, he was assigned as a regular soldier. G-Dragon is scheduled to be discharged on November 26, 2019. During his enlistment, numerous fans sent him letters, causing disruptions and leading YG Entertainment to publicly request fans to refrain from doing so.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heartbreaker" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coup d'Etat" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coup d'Etat + One of a Kind & Heartbreaker" (2013)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "무한상사 (Muhan Company)" as Executive Director Kwon (2016)

paragraph: Section::::Tours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- One of a Kind World Tour (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2017)

alias:
Kwon Ji-yong
King of K-Pop
King of K-Rap
GD
King of kpop in Korea
Seungri's husband

description: South Korean singer-songwriter, rapper and record producer

wikidata_label: G Dragon

wikipedia_title: G-Dragon


text:
Riverside, California
U.S. 2008 Summer Olympic team
Taekwondo
Murrieta, California
Jimmy Kim
Laguna Niguel
Charlotte Craig on Instagram

categories: Sportspeople from Riverside, California,Living people,People from Murrieta, California,Taekwondo practitioners at the 2015 Pan American Games,Taekwondo practitioners at the 2007 Pan American Games,Taekwondo practitioners at the 2008 Summer Olympics,1991 births,Olympic taekwondo practitioners of the United States,American female taekwondo practitioners

paragraph: Charlotte Craig

paragraph: Charlotte Rose Craig (born February 2, 1991 in Riverside, California) is a member of the U.S. 2008 Summer Olympic team competing in Taekwondo in the 49 kg (108 lb) division.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Craig was born in Riverside, California, to parents Jim Craig and Charlotte Craig Sr. She currently lives in Murrieta, California.

paragraph: When Craig was 2 years old, she had a dysfunctional kidney and had it removed. Her doctors told her parents to have her not participate in hard contact sports. When Craig was 5 years old, her father and mother agreed to sign her up for taekwondo. At first, they had her wear extra padding to protect her only kidney, but soon she started to work without it.

paragraph: Charlotte currently trains with Jimmy Kim, a 1988 Olympic Gold Medalist in taekwondo. Charlotte and her mother drive 90 minutes from Murrieta to Laguna Niguel four times a week to train with Jimmy Kim.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charlotte Craig on Instagram

description: American taekwondo practitioner

wikidata_label: Charlotte Craig

wikipedia_title: Charlotte Craig


text:
Valencia
Spanish
politician
economist
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Frente de Liberación Popular
Francoist State
Partido Socialista Obrero Español
Spanish Congress
Valencia province
Consejo Nacional del Agua
Congress delegates
Elmundo

categories: Valencian politicians,Agriculture ministers of Spain,People from Valencia,1944 births,Members of the fourth Congress of Deputies (Spain),Spanish economists,Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians,Members of the fifth Congress of Deputies (Spain),Living people

paragraph: Vicente Albero

paragraph: Vicente Albero Silla (December 6, 1944, Valencia) is a Spanish politician and economist.

paragraph: Albero graduated in Social Sciences and Economic Sciences from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. He was a member of the Frente de Liberación Popular during the Francoist State. Later he joined the Partido Socialista Obrero Español (Socialist Worker's Party). He was elected to the Spanish Congress representing Valencia province for the PSOE in 1989, and was re-elected in 1993, although he resigned in 1994.

paragraph: He served as Secretary of State for the Water Policies and Environment in 1991, from which he favored the creation of the National Council of Water, the "Consejo Nacional del Agua" which began the preparation of a National Hydrological Plan. In 1993 he was named Minister of Agriculture in Spain involved with agriculture, fishing and regulation a position that he occupied until May 1994.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Congress delegates

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elmundo

description: Spanish politician

wikidata_label: Vicente Albero

wikipedia_title: Vicente Albero


text:
Hungarian
Budapest
Agnelli
Juventus
MTK Budapest
1912 Summer Olympics
Hungarian League
Hungarian Cup
Hungarian League

categories: Hungarian football managers,Juventus F.C. managers,MTK Budapest FC players,Hungarian footballers,1886 births,1926 deaths

paragraph: Jenő Károly

paragraph: Jenő Károly (15 January 1886 – 28 July 1926) was a Hungarian footballer and later manager born in Budapest. Outside his homeland he is particularly noted for being the first manager of Agnelli-era Juventus.

paragraph: As a player, Károly appeared for two local Budapest clubs, including the powerful MTK Budapest. He was renowned for having a very high goals-to-game ratio. He also represented his country a number of times, including at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Player.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Player.:Club.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MTK Budapest

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hungarian League: 1903, 1908

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hungarian Cup: 1910

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Player.:Individual.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MTK Budapest

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hungarian League Topscorer: 1903, 1905

description: Hungarian association football player and association football coach

wikidata_label: Jenő Károly

wikipedia_title: Jenő Károly


text:
Shams ud-Dīn
Persian
Sufi
Islamic
Sufi
Naqshbandi
Sufi
Saif ud-Dīn Hamza
Muhammad
chieftain
Turkistan
Amir Timur
Baha-ud-Dīn Naqshband
Mongol
Amir Timur
Timurid Dynasty
India
Bukhara
Uzbekistan
Husain ibn Ali
Vabkent
Ibn Battuta
Mosque
Po-i-Kalyan
mill
coin
minting
steel
pottery
milling
kiln
capita
wars
Kyzyl Kum
Bukhara
Barlas
Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari
Bukhara
Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur
Baha ud-Dīn
Baha ud-Dīn
Timur
Uzbeks
Timur
Shahrisabz
Dorut Tilavat
Dīn
Dīn
Ulugh Beg
Amir Sultan
Ottoman Sultan
Bayezid I
Babur
Mughal Empire
Mughal dynasty
Mughal
Farrukhsiyar
Shah Abdul Aziz
family
ancestry
Naqshbandi
Dīn
Al Madinah
Ninawa
Iraq
centuries
Janah
Iraq
Bukhara
Bukhara
century
Sufi
spiritual mentor
Dīn
Timurid dynasty
India
Central Asia
Dīn
Dīn
Dīn
Dīn
Dīn
Dīn
army
ministerial
court
emperor
Dehli
British
Sufism
Naqshbandi
Islam in Uzbekistan
Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani
Amir Timur
Vabkent
History of Uzbekistan

paragraph: Amir Kulal

paragraph: Amir Kulal (1278–1370), , , birth name Shams ud-Dīn (, ), was a Persian Sufi Islamic scholar, widely considered to be one of the most influential in history. He was a member of a Sufi order, the Naqshbandi. His father was the Sufi scholar Saif ud-Dīn Hamza (), a descendant of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. Saif ud-Dīn Hamza was Amir (chieftain) of the Tribe of Kulal, his full title being "Amir-i-Kulal". After his father's death, Shams ud-Dīn became the Amir and head of the tribe. By this time his reputation as a scholar and religious figure had spread through Turkistan and the title "Amir-i-Kulal", had become his common name.

paragraph: Kulal was named for his grandfather, also known as Shams ud-Dīn, the spiritual mentor of the Barlas Tribe and Turghai (father of Amir Timur).

paragraph: Kulal had a number of students who later became prominent figures in history, including Baha-ud-Dīn Naqshband and the Mongol conqueror Amir Timur. After rise of the Timurid Dynasty, a close relationship began between the houses of Amir Timur and Amir Kulal and continued through the Mughal line in India. Kulal is buried at Sokhar, near Bukhara, Uzbekistan.

paragraph: Section::::Family lineage and Kulal tribe.

paragraph: Amir Kulal's father, Amir Saif ud-Dīn Hamza, was a direct descendant of Husain ibn Ali, grandson of Muhammad. The entire tribe of Kulal were descended from Muhammad.

paragraph: The Kulal tribe settled in the area of modern-day Vabkent near the end of the twelfth century. Around 1340, the city was visited by Ibn Battuta who spent a night there as a guest. Battuta described it as beautiful, saying that it had "... many gardens and rivers". The tribe's date of settlement can be approximated with the remains of the madrasa (a form of Mosque) which was constructed at Vabkent in 1198 under the patronage of Burhan ud-Din Abdul Aziz II (whose name adorns the Madrasa's minaret, the only surviving segment of the building). The builders of the madrasa were members of the Kulal tribe and copied the Kalyan mosque (Po-i-Kalyan) style, making upgrades in the design and technology. This made the Vabkent madrasa a more refined form of Kalyan mosque.

paragraph: The tribe quickly established a small industrial base at the central market of Vabkent and built mills in the surrounding areas, which continued to operate well into the sixteenth century. The city's main industries were coin minting; alloying of steel; creating pottery; and milling. Their highly glazed pottery and tiles, unmatched in quality and quantity, were their main export. This earned the tribe the title of Kulal (potter) and gave them their name. Their kiln designs were highly efficient and were able to produce up to 1500 pots in each batch. Utilizing wind and water resources for milling and industrial processes coupled with efficient kiln designs resulted in considerably higher earnings per capita, leading to a healthy lifestyle for the entire tribe.

paragraph: Despite a history of wars and conflict in the area, the Kulal tribe was not once attacked. There are three main reasons for this:

paragraph: BULLET::::- The tribe was famous as being entirely composed of descendants of Muhammad, gaining them considerable respect from the neighboring tribes; this was a considerable advantage in a Muslim dominated country.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The city was surrounded by a terrain of gardens and greenery criss-crossed by numerous rivers and streams at one side and an endless desert at the other, which was barren and uninhabited. This, coupled with the lack of substantial material value in the small city, was a big enough deterrent for any invading army which would have to travel at least one day to reach the city which lied at the boundary of the Kyzyl Kum desert.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The social system was devised into three sections—the political system, monetary system, and publicity system. Their political system was simple. The most learned of the tribe was chosen as the head. The goal of the head, other than being the qazi and administrator was to represent the tribe and politically maneuver through times of war. Also, the post was not hereditary. No hereditary claim to the "throne" meant there wasn't one family in the tribe which would grow up to have amassed huge portions of tribe wealth in a couple of generations, in case the head turned out to be corrupt. Also, this avoided any mutual tussles between heirs of any deceased chieftain, as there was nothing to fight for. Their monetary system was even more advanced (for their time) than the political system. All of the mills and manufacturing plants were owned in essence by the community. Anyone willing and skilled was allowed to operate and earn a living as long as he kept the structure maintained and donated for construction of newer structures. The system worked superbly well and at least at a smaller scale of a couple of thousand individuals proved could be sustained for a number of centuries. Strict codes of intermarriages within the tribe, relatively small birthrates (compared to the one prevalent at the times), single marriages and continuous outward migration meant the population stayed nearly constant throughout the time period.

paragraph: By the time of Amir Kulal wrestling had become a Kulal trademark sport. The tribe held regular contests both at Vabkent and Bukhara in which outsiders also competed. The Kulal youth were almost always successful, instilling the idea of the Kulal tribe as superior and fierce warriors.

paragraph: The full name of Amir Kulal is as follows:

paragraph: Amir Kulal ibn Hamzah ibn Ibraheem ibn Muhammad ibn (Muhammad) Hasan ibn Abdullah AlShaheed ibn Jafar ibn Husain ibn Ali ibn Hasan AlQayem ibn (Muhammad) Husain ibn (Ahmad) Husain ibn (Muhammad) Ali AlDaynori ibn Moussa AbuSobha Moussa AlThani ibn Ibraheem AlMurtdha ibn Moussa AlKadhim ibn Jafar AlSadiq ibn Muhammad AlBaqir ibn Ali Zainualabdeen ibn AlHusain AlSebit, son of Fatimah ibnt Muhammad, ibn AlImam Ali ibn AbiTalib AlHashemi AlQurashi

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Shams ud-Dīn Amir Kulal was born at Bukhara. His father Saif ud-Dīn Hamza was head of the Kulal tribe and a renowned scholar. As head of the tribe, Saif ud-Dīn Hamza was titled "Amir-i-Kulal" (Leader of Kulal tribe). Shams ud-Dīn was educated in his childhood and early in his life took the position of head of the madrasa at Vabkent. He was also known as a great wrestler. By the time he became the head of Kulal tribe his fame as a scholar and religious figure had spread through the surrounding region with many noble and powerful families sending their children to study under him, most notably from the Barlas Tribe.

paragraph: Section::::"Amir-i-Kulal".

paragraph: Shams ud-Dīn Kulal was elected as tribe's head after his father's death. Although all the heads of Kulal were titled "Amir-i-Kulal", it was Shams ud-Dīn whose name has become synonymous with the title-name. Today, he is mostly remembered as Amir Kulal, rather than his birth name.

paragraph: Kulal continued to teach at the madrasa, even when he was head of the tribe. One of his most famous disciples was Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari, who used to work as an executioner in Bukhara under the rule of Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur. Legend says that Baha ud-Dīn was ordered to execute a man who had angered the king, but right before his execution the accused called upon Amir Kulal, identifying him as his teacher. Amir Kulal intervened and the accused was set free on his intercession. This was Baha ud-Dīn's first encounter with Amir Kulal. Impressed by him, Baha ud-Dīn became his student.

paragraph: Amir Kulal also had a sizable following of spiritual protégés. Of these the most prominent was Turghai who had previously been influenced by Amir Kulal's grandfather. After Turghai's death his son Timur held Amir Kulal in the same esteem, holding him as his spiritual guide.

paragraph: Around the year 1340, Ibn Battuta made a day stop at Vabkent who later described the city as beautiful with many rivers and gardens. He was Amir's guest at the city and was guided towards Bukhara, then at a day's travel from Vabkent.

paragraph: In the year 1357, Timur approached Amir Kulal for his advice on strategic maneuvers for attacking Uzbeks. It was under his advice that Timur changed his attack plan.

paragraph: Amir Kulal died in 770/1370 and was buried in Sukhar (Sokhar) near Bukhara. Sometimes Amir Kulal's tomb is confused with the tomb of his grandfather (also Shams ud-Dīn Kulal). It is Shams ud-Dīn Kulal (Amir Kulal's grandfather) who is buried at Shahrisabz(Kesh); the Green City. Amir Kulal's grandfather had constructed the madrasa Dor-i-Tilavat/Dorut Tilavat (House of Mediation) and was buried here after his death. Later, Timur transferred the body of his father Turghai, to be near the grave of Shams ud-Dīn (Amir Kulal's grandfather). Amir Kulal's grandfather was Turghai and Barlas Tribe's spiritual mentor. Majority of Timur's family is also buried at the same place. Recently, his tomb had been renovated under the orders of Uzbekistan's President.

paragraph: None of the books written by Amir Kulal still exist, although some excerpts and essays have survived in the family library. Three copies of a biography of Amir Kulal "Maqamat-i-Amir Kulal" written by his great grandson Shihab ul-Dīn have survived.

paragraph: Section::::Descendants.

paragraph: After Amir Kulal's death his descendants, propagated from his four sons (Burhanudeen, Shah, Hamzah, and Omar), continued to assosciate with the Timurid and then Mughal dynasty kings and princes as their friends and teachers. Amir Kulal's grandson Amir Kalan ("Muhammad ibn Shah ibn Amir Kulal") was entrusted with the education of young Ulugh Beg. Although Amir Kalan is renowned for his religious scholarship he was also well versed in mathematics and astronomy, and introduced these sciences to the young prince. At Ulugh Beg's madrasa Amir Kalan was considered one of the top ten teachers with unparalleled proficiency in "ulum-i-yaainia", "dinia" and "ulum-i-shariat." Amir Sultan ("Muhammad Shmsudeen ibn Ali ibn Burhanudeen ibn Amir Kulal"), another grandson of Amir Kulal married Ottoman Sultan, Bayezid I's daughter. After Babur established the Mughal Empire in India many of Amir Kulal's descendants moved there and continued to enjoy an influence in the Mughal dynasty. They remained as teachers and mentors of Mughal princes and kings or their close friends. Last of these was Shah Abbas, tutor of Mughal King Farrukhsiyar. By the time Farrukhsiyar was enthroned, the family had parted ways from the Mughals. After about one hundred years the family comes to prominence with Sheikh Samad Ali, one of the prominent students of Shah Abdul Aziz. Although his exploits as an engineering entrepreneur overshadows his scholarly work, his son Hakim Qadir Ali earned fame both as a scholar and doctor. His great grandson Shah Altaf was renowned as a scholar and scientist in the area around Delhi, and his school attracted many students from this area. After its founding, the majority of Amir Kulal's descendants emigrated to Pakistan.

paragraph: Section::::Descendants.:Shaykhan family.

paragraph: The Shaykhan family claims ancestry from the Naqshbandi Sufi saint of Bukhara Shaykh Shams ud-Dīn Muhammad Amir Kulal. During the early period of Islamic history the ancestors of Amir Kulal migrated from Al Madinah and settled in Shaykhan Ninawa, Iraq where successive generations lived for over five centuries. The entire family later emigrated to Janah, Iraq and thereafter to Bukhara in modern Uzbekistan.

paragraph: The generations following Amir Kulal lived in Bukhara for more than a century. Some notable descendants included: Amir Hamzah Ibn Amir Kulal (d800H), known as "Baba Mir", a leading Naqshbandi Sufi saint with large following of spiritual protégés; Amir Hasan Zaman Ibn Amir Hamzah (d 825H), buried in Sokhar near Bukhara. Amir Masud Zaman Ibn Amir Hasan Zaman (d 875H), buried in Samarkand; and Amir Muhammad Arifullah Ibn Amir Masud Zaman

paragraph: (847-909H), fourth in descent from Amir Kulal, a prominent Naqshbandi Sufi saint and a spiritual mentor of Umar Shaykh Mirza (1456-1494AD), ruler of the province of Fergana and father of Zahir ud-Dīn Muhammad Babur (1483-1530AD), founder of the Mughal empire in India.

paragraph: Emperor Babur, fifth in descent from Amir Timur and founder of the Timurid dynasty which ruled northern India for nearly four centuries, was mindful of his Central Asian origin and, following in the steps of Timur, gave extensive patronage to descendants of Amir Kulal.

paragraph: Shaykh Sayyid Zain ud-Dīn Ibn Amir Muhammad Arifullah (d.940H/1533AD) was a writer, a poet and belonged to Naqshbandi Sufi Order. Translated memoirs of Mughal Emperor Babur into Persian and was author of the book Tabaqat-e-Baburi. Shaykh Zain ud-Dīn was part of Babur's entourage when he occupied Kabul in 910H/1504AD and later in 932H/1525AD in his fifth expedition to Hindustan accompanied him to India. In his memoirs Babur writes that on entering Dehli after the victorious battle of Panipat in 932H/1526AD against Sultan Ibrahim Lodi he asked Shaykh Zain ud-Dīn to lead the Friday prayers and recite the Khutba (proclamation) in his name. Decrees of the Emperor announcing victories at the battle of Panipat and against Rana Sanga and the Rajput coalition at the battle of Khanua 933H/March 17, 1527AD were composed by Shaykh Zain ud-Dīn which were copied and dispatched to the entire realm.

paragraph: Shaykh Zain ud-Dīn was "Sadr-us-Sudur" responsible for the judicial administration and religious affairs of the Mughal Empire and also for drafting and issuing emperors decrees in accordance with the Quran and Sunnah. He died in Agra, India and was buried in the courtyard of a Madrasa built by him. Khwaja Sultan Ali Ibn Shaykh Zain ud-Dīn (d. 970H) was a minister with second Mughal emperor Humayun (1508-1556AD) and later ambassador to Iran during the reign of emperor Akbar (1556-1605AD). Amir Mansoor Khan Ibn Khawaja Sultan Ali (d. 982H) was a senior general in the Mughal army. He died while hunting near Hyderabad Deccan. Shaykh Sayyid Muhammad Adil Khan Ibn Amir Mansoor Khan (d. 1019H) served as a Mughal high-ranking military official in the provinces of Lahore, Multan, Kashmir and Kabul. Shaykh Sayyid Abu Saeed Ibn Shaykh Sayyid Mohammad Adil Khan (d.1043H) was a general in emperor Jahangir's (1569-1627AD) army and later performed important ministerial duties at Jehangir's court. Amir Shaykh Farrukh Zaman Khan Ibn Shaykh Sayyid Abu Saeed (d. 1089H) rose to the illustrious position of the Captain of the Mughal Red Fort at Shahjahanabad in emperor Shah jahan's reign (1627-1659AD) Amir Shah Sajawal Ibn Amir Shaykh Farrukh Zaman Khan (d. 1120H) eleventh in direct descent from Amir Kulal was a Naqshbandi Sufi saint and a tutor to Mughal princes during the reign of emperor Awrangzeb (1659-1707AD) apart from being officer in charge of administration of Mughal court.

paragraph: Amir Shaykh Muhammad Zaman Sikandrabadi Ibn Amir Shah Sajawal was a leading noble of Sikandrabad (Bulandshahr / India). He lived in the reign of emperor Muhammad Shah (1719-1748AD) and was awarded with an estate at Akbarpur, Salarpur near Dehli.This was a time when the Mughal empire was under severe decline. Nadir Shah and Ahmed Shah Abdali had sacked Dehli and many noble Muslim families were facing severe economic decline and disorder. However, Amir Shaykh Muhammad Zaman Sikandrabadi's descendants preserved the family traditions of Sufism and were notable sadaats (descendants of Muhammad) of Chehel Amiran (later Koocha Chelan) in Dehli.

paragraph: During the later Mughal period, the family continued to produce eminent men of learning who distinguished themselves in various walks of life. Shaykh Samad Ali ibn Amir Shaykh Mohammad Zaman an accomplished religious scholar and graduate of Rahimiya college (Dehli), a centre of Islamic Renaissance in the subcontinent under Shah Abdul Aziz Ibn Shah Waliullah (1746-1828 AD). Shaykh Mohammad Ali Ibn Shaykh Samad Ali a prominent Naqshbandi Sufi saint of Sikandarabad (Bulandshahr) India. Shaykh Karamat Hussain Ibn Shaykh Mohammad Ali (d. 1898AD) was Kotwal (Chief of Police) in Gwalior the capital of Gwalior State. Another elder of the family Shaykh Nabi Buksh a tutor to Mughal princes was awarded an estate near Dehli in the reign of last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah (1837-1857).

paragraph: During the traumatic year of 1857 AD when the War of Independence started, the family played a significant role against the British. Many lost their lives, others fled Dehli and took refuge in small towns / villages namely lncholi, Hapur, Danpur, Aounla, Sambhal, Amroha, Badarpur, Malyana and Jalali. Shaykh Karamat Hussain along with his entire family including his eldest son Shaykh Altaf Hussain (d. 1956AD) and buried in grave yard Bibi Pak Daman, Lahore, Pakistan who was barely seven years old proceeded to Sikandarabad but feeling unsafe due to close proximity of Bulandshahr settled in his ancestor's maternal town Dibai. Shaykh Karamat Hussain died in 1898 and was buried in family graveyard Gulabi Bagh (Dibai). The family lived in Mohalla Shaykhan (Dibai) and later also in Sikandarabad till 1947 AD when on founding of Pakistan migrated to Karachi.

paragraph: In memory of their ancestor Amir Kulal, the family's farm located near the village Sarhali Kalan, 37 kilometers south of Lahore, Pakistan, is named Kulal Bagh.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sufism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Naqshbandi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Islam in Uzbekistan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amir Timur

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vabkent

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Uzbekistan

description: Persian Sufi Islamic scholar

wikidata_label: Amir Kulal

wikipedia_title: Amir Kulal


text: OCD

text: Catholic

text: Bishop of Raphoe

text: Diocese of Raphoe

text: County Donegal

text: Downings

text: Rosguill

text: County Cork

text: Discalced Carmelites

text: Loughrea

text: County Galway

text: Dublin

text: the Teresianum

text: John Henry Cardinal Newman

text: dogmatic theology

text: principal consecrator

text: Jorge María Cardinal Mejía

text: Emanuele Gerada

text: titular Archbishop

text: apostolic nuncio to Ireland

text: Séamus Hegarty

text: Bishop of Derry

text: Pope John Paul II

text: Vox Clara commission

text: sexual abuse scandal in Cloyne diocese

text: Alan McGuckian

text: Séamus Hegarty

text: Apostolic Administrator

text: Diocese of Dromore

text: John McAreavey

text: Sexual abuse scandal in Raphoe diocese

categories: 1940 births,Roman Catholic bishops of Raphoe,Post-Reformation Roman Catholic bishops in Ireland,Living people,Members of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments

paragraph: Philip Boyce

paragraph: Philip Boyce, OCD (born 25 January 1940), was consecrated and installed as the Catholic Bishop of Raphoe on 1 October 1995. From 1995 until 2017 he presided over the Diocese of Raphoe in County Donegal, Ireland.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Boyce was born in Derry, Northern Ireland and grew up in Downings, a village on the Rosguill Peninsula of north County Donegal. He was educated at Derryhassen school in Meevagh parish and at Castlemartyr College, County Cork. He joined the noviciate of the Discalced Carmelites in Loughrea, County Galway, making his first profession in 1959. Having completed philosophical studies in Dublin, he studied theology at the Teresianum in Rome, whe was ordained priest on 17 April 1966. He received a doctorate in theology (D.D.) in 1977 with a dissertation on the spirituality of John Henry Cardinal Newman.

paragraph: During his twenty years on the teaching staff of the Pontifical Theological Faculty of the Carmelites in Rome, Boyce taught spirituality and dogmatic theology, and for many years was engaged in the work of formation of students preparing for the priesthood or doing postgraduate studies.

paragraph: Section::::Bishop of Raphoe.

paragraph: Boyce was appointed Bishop of Raphoe on 29 June 1995, and consecrated on 1 October 1995. The principal consecrator was Jorge María Cardinal Mejía. Both Emanuele Gerada, titular Archbishop of Nomentum, the apostolic nuncio to Ireland at the time, and Séamus Hegarty, Bishop of Derry (and formerly Bishop of Raphoe), served as principal co-consecrators.

paragraph: In May 1999, Pope John Paul II appointed Boyce a member of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments. As part of his work on the congregation, Boyce (pedantic but pious by nature) was also a member of the Vox Clara commission which, since its establishment by the Congregation on 19 July 2001, provided advice to the Holy See concerning English-language translations of liturgical books.

paragraph: In August 2011, after the release of the report on the sexual abuse scandal in Cloyne diocese, Bishop Boyce said that the Church was experiencing a testing time, having been rocked by a "secular and godless culture" on the outside and the "sins and crimes of priests" within. Boyce, who promised to publish a report into clerical abuse in his diocese, urged Catholics not to lose confidence in their faith and to act with hope and patience during the current difficult times for the church. He added that "The moment of history we live through in Ireland at present is certainly a testing one for the church and for all of us,” he said. "Attacked from the outside by the arrows of a secular and godless culture, rocked from the inside by the sins and crimes of priests and consecrated people, we all feel the temptation to lose confidence."

paragraph: On 25 January 2015, Bishop Boyce reached the mandatory age of retirement for a bishop which is 75 years. In a statement released by the Raphoe Diocese, Bishop Boyce duly submitted his resignation to Pope Francis. The Pope accepted his resignation, but asked him to continue until the current bishop, Alan McGuckian, was appointed.

paragraph: Section::::Boyce and Child Protection.

paragraph: A review, published on 30 November 2011, by the National Board for Safeguarding Children into the handling of clerical child sex abuse allegations in the Diocese of Raphoe has concluded that "significant errors of judgment" were made by successive bishops in responding to the allegations. Boyce said he fully accepted the recommendations contained in the review, which was undertaken by the National Board for Safeguarding Children in the Catholic Church. In a statement, he admitted that during the past decades there had been "very poor judgments and mistakes made. "There were horrific acts of abuse of children by individual priests, that should never have happened, and if suspected should have been dealt with immediately in the appropriate manner," he said.

paragraph: Boyce said he was "truly sorry for the terrible deeds that have been inflicted on so many by a small minority of priests. "We offer our humble apologies once more and seek their forgiveness for the dreadful harm that has been done to them, their families and friends."

paragraph: Three heads of Raphoe diocese, including Boyce, were criticised for their handling of clerical child sex abuse allegations in the report on child protection practices, which was published this morning. Former Bishop Séamus Hegarty, and his predecessor, Bishop Anthony McFeely, also came under fire for their response to accusations of clerical child sex abuse. The Raphoe review said that in dealing with allegations, too much emphasis was placed on the situation of the accused priest and too little on the needs of their complainants. "Judgements were clouded, due to the presenting problem being for example, alcohol abuse and an inability to hear the concerns about abuse of children, through that presenting problem," it said. "More attention should have been given to ensuring that preventative actions were taken quickly when concerns came to light," the report added.

paragraph: Section::::Apostolic Administrator in Dromore Diocese.

paragraph: On 26 March 2018, Pope Francis appointed Bishop Philip Boyce as Apostolic Administrator for the Diocese of Dromore, after the resignation of Bishop John McAreavey in the wake of controversy over the latter's dealings with the paedophile priest Malachy Finegan. On 15 April 2019, Pope Francis appointed the Archbishop of Armagh - Eamon Martin as Apostolic Administrator of Dromore, replacing Bishop Boyce.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sexual abuse scandal in Raphoe diocese

description: Irish bishop

wikidata_label: Philip Boyce

wikipedia_title: Philip Boyce


text:
Raja
Kacchwaha
Amber
Bharmal
Mariam-uz-Zamani
Mughal emperor
Akbar
Punjab
Kashmir
Afghanistan
Kabul
Yousuf Shah Chak
Manbhawati Bai
Jahangir
Man Singh I
Bhangarh
List of Rajputs

categories: 16th-century Indian monarchs,Year of birth unknown,Hindu monarchs,Maharajas of Jaipur,1589 deaths

paragraph: Bhagwant Das

paragraph: Raja Bhagawant Das (1527 – 10 December 1589) was a Kacchwaha ruler of Amber.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of Raja Bharmal and succeeded him after his death. Raja Bhagwant was also the elder brother of Mariam-uz-Zamani, popularly known as Jodha Bai, a wife of the Mughal emperor Akbar.

paragraph: Bhagwant Das was one of the generals of Akbar, who awarded him a mansab (rank) of 5000 in 1585. and conferred him the title of "Amir-ul-Umra". He fought many battles for Akbar, including battles in Punjab, Kashmir, and Afghanistan, and was also governor of Kabul. Bhagwant Das soundly defeated the army of the ferocious Kashmiri king Yousuf Shah Chak.

paragraph: He married his daughter Manbhawati Bai to Prince Salim, who later assumed throne as emperor Jahangir. He was succeeded by his son by Bhagawati Devi, Raja Man Singh I after his death. His second son Madho Singh became the ruler of Bhangarh.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Rajputs

description: Kacchwaha King of Amber, later known as Jaipur

wikidata_label: Bhagwant Das

wikipedia_title: Bhagwant Das


text:
Archbishop of Cashel and Emly
Ireland
Apostolic Administrator
Diocese of Cloyne
Ballymacelligott
County Kerry
St Brendan's College, Killarney
Bishop of Kerry
Diarmaid Ó Súilleabháin
St Patrick's College, Maynooth
B.Sc.
Pontifical Irish College
Lateran University
Licentiate in Sacred Theology
St Brendan's College, Killarney
London School of Economics
London
Eamon Casey
Holy See
Coadjutor Archbishop
Principal Consecrator
Thomas Morris
Archbishop Gaetano Alibrandi
Tomás Ó Fiaich
Eamon Casey
Gaelic Athletic Association
Ph.D.
Loughborough University
John Magee
Cloyne
William Crean
Michael Neary
Seán Brady
Diarmuid Martin
Cormac Murphy-O'Connor
Seán O'Malley
Thomas Christopher Collins
Terrence Prendergast
Timothy Dolan
New York

categories: 21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Alumni of Loughborough University,People from County Kerry,Alumni of the Pontifical Irish College,1939 births,People educated at St. Brendan's College, Killarney,Pontifical Lateran University alumni,Post-Reformation Roman Catholic bishops in Ireland,Alumni of St Patrick's College, Maynooth,Roman Catholic archbishops of Cashel,Living people

paragraph: Dermot Clifford

paragraph: Dermot Clifford, (born 25 January 1939), was the Catholic Archbishop of Cashel and Emly in Ireland from 1988 to 2014. From 7 March 2009 to 27 January 2013, he also served as the Apostolic Administrator of the Diocese of Cloyne.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Clifford was born in Ballymacelligott, County Kerry, Ireland, on 25 January 1939. He was educated at Clogher National School and St Brendan's College, Killarney. Among his teachers at St. Brendan's was the late Bishop of Kerry, Diarmaid Ó Súilleabháin.

paragraph: From Killarney, he moved to St Patrick's College, Maynooth, where he graduated with a B.Sc. Degree in 1960. After Maynooth, he was sent to the Pontifical Irish College where he studied for four years and was ordained priest on 22 February 1964. Whilst in Rome, he studied at the Lateran University and obtained a Licentiate in Sacred Theology, being in Rome for the first two sessions of Vatican Council II. As a student, he claims to have been given responsibility of looking after the Irish bishops who stayed in the Irish College.

paragraph: Section::::Priesthood.

paragraph: Clifford's first post after ordination was as a teacher and Dean of Discipline in St Brendan's College, Killarney, where he taught from 1964 to 1972. He commuted to Cork five days per week (1965–1966) for his Higher Diploma in Education. He was later to lecture on a part-time basis in University College Cork in Social Science (1975–1981).

paragraph: Clifford then studied Social Administration at the London School of Economics (1972–1974), where he was conferred with a Master's Degree with distinction. From London, he returned to his native Kerry in August 1974 to become Diocesan Secretary to Bishop Eamon Casey. During that time he also served as Chaplain to St. Mary of the Angels, Beaufort, a home for children with learning disabilities.

paragraph: The Holy See chose him as Coadjutor Archbishop of Cashel and Emly on 17 December 1985 and he was consecrated on 9 March 1986. The Principal Consecrator was Archbishop Thomas Morris; his Principal Co-Consecrators were Archbishop Gaetano Alibrandi and Bishop Diarmaid O'Súilleabháin, the Bishop of Kerry. He was parish priest of Tipperary town for two and a half years. On 12 September 1988 he was installed as Archbishop of Cashel and Emly in a ceremony in Thurles Cathedral, presided over by the late Cardinal Tomás Ó Fiaich. After the revelations concerning the relationship between Bishop Eamon Casey and Annie Murphy it is widely believed Clifford was promoted from Casey's secretary to Archbishop to reduce the risk of the story leaking.

paragraph: In 1989 he became the first Kerryman to hold the office of Patron of the Gaelic Athletic Association, which brought immense satisfaction to the former footballers. That same year he was awarded a Ph.D. degree for a thesis on Carers of the Elderly and Handicapped at Loughborough University; this was based on studies he conducted in Kerry.

paragraph: Clifford served on the Emigrant Commission of the Bishops' Conference and, in 1987 helped to set up the Chaplaincy Scheme to the young emigrants in the USA..

paragraph: On 24 March 2010 it was announced by the Holy See that John Magee had formally resigned from his duties as Bishop of Cloyne and was now bishop emeritus and that Clifford, already apostolic administrator there, will remain as such until the appointment of a full-time successor to the Cloyne diocese.

paragraph: In July 2011 Clifford wrote to the lay faithful of Cloyne and apologised for the poor way in which complaints had been handled by diocesan officials in the Diocese of Cloyne

paragraph: Clifford served as Apostolic Administrator to the Diocese of Cloyne until the new bishop, William Crean was ordained and installed on 27 January 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Archbishop of Cashel and Emly.:Apostolic visitation.

paragraph: In October 2010, Archbishop Michael Neary of Tuam, along with Cardinal Seán Brady, Archbishops Diarmuid Martin of Dublin and Dermot Clifford of Cashel and Emly met for high-level talks with heads of Vatican congregations over the apostolic visitation of Irish dioceses in the wake of the Murphy and Ryan reports. While in Rome, the Irish churchmen met with a team of investigators appointed by Pope Benedict to examine the four Irish archdioceses and "some other as yet unspecified dioceses".

paragraph: In November 2014 he retired on the grounds of age.

paragraph: The "Apostolic Visitors" included Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, Archbishop emeritus of Westminster, inspected Brady's archdiocese of Armagh, and Cardinal Seán O'Malley, Archbishop of Boston, inspected archdiocese of Dublin. Toronto's Archbishop Thomas Christopher Collins investigated Cashel, while Ottawa's Archbishop Terrence Prendergast investigated the western Ireland archdiocese of Tuam. An investigation of the state of Irish seminaries was conducted by Archbishop Timothy Dolan of New York. This investigation was hampered by the exclusion of past seminarians who had not been ordained.

description: Irish bishop

wikidata_label: Dermot Clifford

wikipedia_title: Dermot Clifford


text:
Kara Koyunlu
Turkmen
Jahan Shah
Herat
Maku
Uzun Hasan
Abu Sa'id Mirza
Uzun Hasan
Tabriz
Qara Iskander
Kerman
Pirali beg Baharlu
Mirza Yusuf
Rulers of Kara Koyunlu

paragraph: Hasan Ali (Kara Koyunlu)

paragraph: Hasan 'Ali (died 1468) — was the last effective ruler of the Kara Koyunlu Turkmen tribal federation, ruling for just one year from 1467–68.

paragraph: Section::::Rebellions.

paragraph: He was a son of Jahan Shah and several times imprisoned by his father due to his rebellious nature. He rebelled in 1458, but upon hearing Jahan Shah's return from Herat, he fled to Maku. After being granted amnesty due to his mother, he joined Uzun Hasan. However, he was banished soon after and joined his brother Pirbudag in Isfahan. Brothers rebelled again in 1459. They were crushed and again granted amnesty by Jahan Shah who was under influence of their mother. Their final rebellion in 1464 was disastrous, Pirbudag was executed and Hasan Ali was again imprisoned in Maku.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: After his father's death, he was freed by some amirs and declared sultan. After ascending the throne, he invited Abu Sa'id Mirza to join forces against Uzun Hasan. Meanwhile in Tabriz, Qara Iskander's daughters Arayish and Shahsaray declared their brother Husayn Ali to be new sultan. His brother Qasim beg who was ruling Kerman also rebelled. Hasan Ali crushed all opposition, to the point of putting Qasim beg, his step-mother Jan Begüm and his maternal uncles Qasim and Hamza to death.

paragraph: However, Hasan Ali was soon captured by Ughurlu Muhammad, heir apparent of Uzun Hasan and put to death. However, according to Faruk Sümer, he committed suicide.

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: One of Jahan Shah's emirs - Pirali beg Baharlu declared Mirza Yusuf to be sultan after his death.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rulers of Kara Koyunlu

description: Last ruler of the Kara Koyunlu Turkmen tribal federation

wikidata_label: Hasan Ali

wikipedia_title: Hasan Ali (Kara Koyunlu)


text:
Russian avant-garde
artist
Suprematist
Cubo-Futurist
Kuokkala
Grand Duchy of Finland
Russian Empire
Repino
Russia
Italian
Italian
composer
Cesare Pugni
Académie Julien
Kazimir Malevich
Vladimir Tatlin
Juan Gris
Aleksandra Ekster
Liubov Popova
Ivan Kliun
Ksenia Boguslavskaya
Olga Rozanova
Nadezhda Udaltsova
Nina Genke
Supremus
Suprematism
Verbovka Village Folk Centre
Vitebsk
Marc Chagall
Kseniya Boguslavskaya

categories: Russian designers,Naturalized citizens of France,1956 deaths,Russian avant-garde,Russian people of Italian descent,Russian artists,Suprematism (art movement),Imperial Russian emigrants to France,1894 births,White Russian emigrants to France,Alumni of the Académie Julian

paragraph: Ivan Puni

paragraph: Ivan Puni or Puny (Jean Pougny, ; 20 February 1892 – 28 December 1956) was a Russian avant-garde artist (Suprematist, Cubo-Futurist).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ivan Puni was born in Kuokkala (then Grand Duchy of Finland in the Russian Empire, now Repino in Russia) to a family of Italian origins. He is the grandson of an eminent Italian composer of ballet music, Cesare Pugni.

paragraph: Puni received his formal training in Paris in 1910-11 at the Académie Julien and other schools, where he painted in a derivative "fauviste" style. Upon his return to Russia in 1912, he met, and exhibited with, members of the St Petersburg avant-garde, including Kazimir Malevich and Vladimir Tatlin. He made a second trip to Paris in 1914, returning to St. Petersburg in 1915. At this point, he began painting in a Cubist style reminiscent of Juan Gris. In 1915, Puni, (Aleksandra Ekster, Liubov Popova, Ivan Kliun, Ksenia Boguslavskaya, Olga Rozanova, Nadezhda Udaltsova, Nina Genke and others) formed Supremus, a group of artists dedicated to the promulgation of Suprematism, the abstract art movement founded by Malevich. Malevich and Puni co-authored the "Suprematist Manifesto", published in 1916, which proclaimed a new, abstract art for a new historical era. Puni also organized the exhibitions "Tramway 5" and "0.10," both held in St Petersburg in 1915, in which Malevich, Tatlin, Popova and others participated, and to which Puni contributed constructions and paintings. In 1915-1916 Puni, together with other Suprematist artists, worked at Verbovka Village Folk Centre. In 1919, he taught at the Vitebsk Art School under Marc Chagall.

paragraph: Puni and his wife, Kseniya Boguslavskaya, emigrated from Russia in 1919, first to Finland, then in 1920 to Berlin, where the first exhibition consisting entirely of his work was held at the Galerie der Sturm. While in Berlin, Puni also designed costumes and sets for theatrical productions. Puni and Boguslavskaya relocated to Paris in 1924, where his style changed once again to a variant of Impressionism. In France, he signed his work Jean Pougny in an effort to distance his new art practice from his previous one in Russia. In 1946, Puni/Pougny became a French citizen. He died in Paris in 1956.

alias:
Jean Pougny
Iwan Albert Puni
Jean Pougny Puni
Iwan Albertowitsch Puni
Ivan Albertovich Puni
Ivan Al'bertovich Puni
I. Pouni
Ivan Pougni
Zhan Puni
Jean Albert Pougny
Jean Ivan Pougny
Pougny
ivan puni
Iwan Puni
Jean Pougny (Ivan Puni)

description: Russian artist

wikidata_label: Ivan Puni

wikipedia_title: Ivan Puni


text: Baron Marmion

text: Torrington

text: Simon de Montfort's Parliament

text: First Barons' War

text: Prince Louis of France

text: King John of England

text: Magna Carta

text: Robert Marmion the elder

text: Henry

text: Lincolnshire

text: Berwick

text: Sheriff of Lincolnshire

text: King Louis

text: Coningsby

text: collegiate church

text: Tamworth

text: Barbery

text: Robert junior

text: censer

text: Second Barons' War

text: Henry III

text: Battle of Lewes

text: Westminster Palace

text: William Marmion

categories: Anglo-Normans,People from Tamworth (district),13th-century English MPs,Year of birth unknown,People from West Lindsey District,English people of French descent

paragraph: William Marmion, Baron Marmion of Torrington, was an English clergyman and member of Simon de Montfort's Parliament.

paragraph: Section::::Ancestry.

paragraph: He was the son of Robert Marmion, 3rd Baron Marmion of Tamworth, and his second wife Philippa.

paragraph: Section::::Career and life.

paragraph: During the First Barons' War a group of rebellious barons, supported by Prince Louis of France, made war on King John of England due to his cruel and inept leadership. Although John signed the Magna Carta on 15 June 1215, war broke out in England. William Marmion's elder brother, Robert Marmion the elder, was one of the rebel barons (as was their father) and on 25 February 1216 the King sent William to see if he could persuade him to make peace with the King again. John died on 18 October 1216 and was succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry who, not being despised by the barons, attempted to calm things down.

paragraph: On 15 May 1218 Henry confirmed William's lordship of the manor of Torrington, Lincolnshire, and 10 librates (£10 worth of land) in Berwick, Sussex, which his father had previously given him by charter.

paragraph: Distrust between the barons and Henry remained though and in 1222 the king ordered the Sheriff of Lincolnshire to seize the lands of William Marmion, Cleric, at Torrington and to value them, as Henry had been informed that William had left England without licence to join his rival King Louis. It was not until December 1235 that William reappeared and petitioned the king to give him back his lands, claiming that he not been in France at all. William was forgiven and reunited with Torrington after making a payment of £20.

paragraph: William was presented to the church of Coningsby c. 1236 and acted as guardian to his nephew Philip Marmion, 5th Baron Marmion of Tamworth, during his minority. According to Palmer, William later became Dean of the collegiate church of Tamworth.

paragraph: William's father had founded the Abbey of Barbery and in 1238 William gave it land for the "souls of his mother and father and his brother Robert junior". His seal attached to the deed consists of an angel, erect and holding a censer, with the words "William Marmion, cleric" written underneath.

paragraph: As the long reign of King Henry III progressed he increased taxation and, when combined with the famine of the time, caused the barons to rise up in arms again in the Second Barons' War. The barons were led by Simon de Montfort and after he had defeated Henry III at the Battle of Lewes on 14 May 1264, he held a Parliament at Westminster Palace. Large numbers of clergy and burgesses were invited to attend for the first time in the hope that de Montford would recruit more support for his rebellion, as most of the barons had already chosen sides or been killed in the war. The aged William Marmion was one of the clergy chosen and was summoned by writ on 24 December 1264.

paragraph: Section::::Family and descendants.

paragraph: Marmion is not known to have married or had issue, nor is it likely as he would have taken a vow of celibacy when he took holy orders.

paragraph: During the mid-13th century there are records of a "William son of William Marmion" in Lincolnshire but he is perhaps more likely to have been a junior son of William Marmion or a more distantly related junior Marmion line.

wikidata_label: William Marmion, Baron of Torrington