text:
Turin
Grand Prix motorcycle racer
MotoGP
Alma Pramac Racing
2018 Moto2 World Champion
Losail
Circuit of the Americas
Le Mans
Assen
Red Bull Ring
Misano
Buriram
Motegi
2012 CEV Moto3 season
Álex Márquez
Luca Amato
2013
Romano Fenati
Sepang
2014
Sky Racing Team by VR46
KTM
Romano Fenati
KTM
Le Mans
Assen
Sachsenring
season
2015
Aspar Racing Team
Juanfran Guevara
Jorge Martín
Le Mans
Romano Fenati
Enea Bastianini
Silverstone
Niccolò Antonelli
Mahindra
season
2016
Losail
Jerez
Italy
Niccolò Antonelli
Barcelona
Assen
Mahindra
Brno
Silverstone
Brad Binder
Sepang
Brad Binder
Joan Mir
Lorenzo Dalla Porta
Brad Binder
Phillip Island
Valencia
Gabriel Rodrigo
Fabio Di Giannantonio
SKY Racing Team VR46
2014
Stefano Manzi
Jerez
Le Mans
Thomas Lüthi
Sachsenring
Franco Morbidelli
Miguel Oliveira
Misano
Dominique Aegerter
Thomas Lüthi
Hafizh Syahrin
Motegi
Qatar
Austin
Álex Márquez
Jerez
Lorenzo Baldassarri
Miguel Oliveira
Le Mans
Qatar
Le Mans
Assen
Sachsenring
Mattia Pasini
Álex Márquez
Brno
Austria
Misano
Buriram
Luca Marini
Motegi
Fabio Quartararo
Sepang
Luca Marini
Barcelona
Losail
Pramac Ducati
2018
2017
Franco Morbidelli
Thomas Luthi
Miguel Oliveira
Álex Márquez
Danilo Petrucci
Factory Ducati Team
Jorge Lorenzo
Repsol Honda Team
Dani Pedrosa
2006
2018
KTM
Qatar
MotoGP World Championship
Argentina
Austin
Marc Marquez
Cal Crutchlow
Maverick Vinales
Joan Mir
Jerez
2016
Pol Espargaro
Le Mans
Moto2
2018
Maverick Vinales
Mugello
Profile on motogp.com

categories: Moto2 World Championship riders,MotoGP World Championship riders,Sportspeople from Turin,Italian motorcycle racers,Moto3 World Championship riders,1997 births,Living people

paragraph: Francesco Bagnaia

paragraph: Francesco "Pecco" Bagnaia (born 14 January 1997 in Turin) is an Italian Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He currently competes in MotoGP for the Alma Pramac Racing team.

paragraph: Bagnaia became the 2018 Moto2 World Champion after winning 8 races during the season at: Losail, Circuit of the Americas, Le Mans, Assen, Red Bull Ring, Misano, Buriram and Motegi, finishing his season with a total of 12 podiums, 6 pole positions and 306 points.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.:Pre World Championship career.

paragraph: Born in Torino (Italy), Bagnaia was successful in Minimoto and he won the European MiniGP championship in 2009. Bagnaia made his preGP 125 Mediterranean championship debut with Monlau Competicion team in 2010 and finished 2nd in the championship. In the 2012 CEV Moto3 season he rode a Honda NSF250R and finished 3rd in the championship behind Álex Márquez and Luca Amato with three podiums in seven races. Bagnaia is also a member of the VR46 riders academy.

paragraph: In 2013, Bagnaia made his Grand prix debut with Team Italia FMI with Romano Fenati as his partner riding a Honda. The season was a disappointing year for Bagnaia as he did not manage to get a single point in the 17 races he participated in. His best race was a 16th place finish at Sepang.

paragraph: In 2014, Bagnaia switched team to join the newly formed Sky Racing Team by VR46 riding a KTM with same partner Romano Fenati. After failing to score points in his rookie season Bagnaia made a clear improvement after a strong pre-season and also switching bikes for the season, riding a KTM instead of Honda. He finished top 10 five times during the first 7 races with a 4th place finish at Le Mans as his best result, where he also set the fastest lap of the race. Bagnaia missed the races at Assen and Sachsenring due to injury. After scoring 42 points in the first 7 races of the campaign Bagnaia slumped badly during the second part of the season, only finishing in the points twice of the last 9 races, clearly affected by his injury. He finished the season in 16th position with 50 points.

paragraph: In 2015, Bagnaia made another team and bike change, this time joining Aspar Racing Team on a Mahindra and new teammates Juanfran Guevara and Jorge Martín where he got his first podium at the Le Mans finishing the race in 3rd place behind Romano Fenati and Enea Bastianini. In the next race at Mugello Bagnaia finished 4th, missing the podium with 0.003 seconds. He was on his way to another podium finish at Silverstone but crashed with 2 laps remaining, fighting with Niccolò Antonelli for the 3rd place. Despite improving his championship position with two places and gaining 26 more points than the previous year on a new bike for the third straight season, this time a Mahindra it was still an up and down year for him. Bagnaia only finished Top 10 during races five times. He also missed points in seven races, unclassified in five of those. He finished the season down in 14th place with 76 points.

paragraph: In 2016, Bagnaia started the season with a podium finish at Losail and another podium finish at Jerez, finishing 3rd on both occasions. At his home race in Italy Bagnaia secured another 3rd position beating Niccolò Antonelli by 0.006 seconds. Followed by a crash at Barcelona, Bagnaia secured his first Grand Prix win at the historic Assen circuit in his 59th moto3 race and it was the first win for Mahindra too. He now had 4 podiums in the first 8 races of the season and found himself fighting for the title. After two average races and a crash at Brno, Bagnaia got his first pole position in the rain-affected Silverstone and finished second behind Brad Binder in a thrilling race. Bagnaia won his second race of the season at Sepang, winning the race comfortably with a big gap after Brad Binder, Joan Mir and Lorenzo Dalla Porta all crashed out in the same corner during the beginning of the race, which was filled with multiple crashes. He finished the season with 145 points to place 4th in the Moto3 Championship with a total of 2 wins and 6 podiums. Bagnaia had an opportunity to finish 2nd in the World Championship behind Brad Binder but was unfortunately taken out in both Phillip Island and Valencia by Gabriel Rodrigo. Rodrigo pushed out Fabio Di Giannantonio in Australia who went down and collected Bagnaia with him. In Valencia Rodrigo made a highside crash on the first lap approaching the last corner, again Bagnaia went down unavoidably.

paragraph: After 4 seasons in the Moto3 category Championship, Bagnaia moved up to Moto2, racing for SKY Racing Team VR46, where he last rode in 2014, with Stefano Manzi as his teammate. In just his fourth ever Moto2 race at Jerez Bagnaia finished 2nd. He finished 2nd in the next race as well at Le Mans after having qualified in 2nd place, missing pole position to Thomas Lüthi by just 0.026 seconds. Bagnaia took a third podium at Sachsenring, finishing 3rd behind Franco Morbidelli who won the race and Miguel Oliveira who came in second. At Misano Bagnaia originally finished the race 4th behind Dominique Aegerter, Thomas Lüthi, and Hafizh Syahrin however Aegerter was later disqualified promoting him to his 4th podium of the season. He was crowned Moto2 Rookie of the year after the Japanese Grand Prix at Motegi. He finished his rookie season with 174 points to place 5th in the Moto2 Championship, scoring points in 16 of the 18 races.

paragraph: Bagnaia opened the season with a win in Qatar, having led the race from start to finish. Bagnaia took a second win in Austin after a hard fight with Álex Márquez winning the race with a gap of 2.4 seconds and also setting the fastest lap of the race. At Jerez Bagnaia finished 3rd behind Lorenzo Baldassarri and Miguel Oliveira holding his starting grid position. Bagnaia took his first pole position in Moto2 at Le Mans, like the race in Qatar he led from start to finish. The win was also his 3rd podium at Le Mans since 2015. Bagnaia took a 4th win at Assen, starting the race from Pole Position and leading the entire race. After qualifying 3rd on the grid in Sachsenring Bagnaia finished the race down in 12 place, having been forced outside of the track after Mattia Pasini fell down infront of him in the last corner on the second lap, despite being down in 26th position he still made up fourteen places, including overtaking Álex Márquez on the final lap in the last corner. At Brno Bagnaia finished third and lost the championship lead to Oliveira. He retook the championship lead at Austria, winning his 5th race of the season. Bagnaia won his sixth race of the season at Misano from pole position. He took a 5th straight podium at Buriram, winning the race with his teammate Luca Marini in second place. He took his 8th win of the season at Motegi after Fabio Quartararo was disqualified due to low tyre pressure. After finishing 3rd at Sepang he was crowned Moto2 World Champion with his 12th podium of the season, his teammate Luca Marini took his first ever Moto2 World Championship win as well, his 5th podium of the campaign.

paragraph: Bagnaia finished every single Moto2 race he participated in, 36 in total. He scored points in 34 of them and was on an 30 race point scoring streak, starting from Barcelona in 2017. The streak ended when he retired from his first MotoGP race at Losail.

paragraph: Section::::MotoGP.

paragraph: After two seasons in the Moto2 category championship, Bagnaia was promoted up to MotoGP with Pramac Ducati. He was, in fact, offered a ride in MotoGP in 2018 with the same team after his stellar rookie season in 2017, where he took four podiums and finished 5th in the championship behind Franco Morbidelli, Thomas Luthi, Miguel Oliveira, and Álex Márquez but eventually decided to stay, with an opportunity to take the championship title. He replaced fellow Italian rider Danilo Petrucci, who went to the Factory Ducati Team, replacing Spaniard and three time MotoGP World Champion Jorge Lorenzo who took the seat vacated at Repsol Honda Team by Dani Pedrosa after he deceided to retire after 13 seasons in MotoGP, from 2006 to 2018 to become an official test rider for KTM.

paragraph: After failing to score in Qatar where he retired from the race due to a damaged front wing Bagnaia took his first two points in the MotoGP World Championship with a 14th place in Argentina, having started the race from 17th on the grid. Bagnaia finished 9th in Austin getting positions after both Marc Marquez and Cal Crutchlow crashed out from the race in separate accidents. Both Maverick Vinales and Joan Mir jumped the start and was subsequently penalized with ride through penalties. Prior to the fourth race at Jerez Bagnaia had three straight podium finishes, starting from 2016. He qualified 10th on the grid however he crashed out on the sixth lap, fighting with Pol Espargaro. At Le Mans where Bagnaia won the race in Moto2 in 2018 he crashed out on the sixth lap after an incident with Maverick Vinales. In the next race at Mugello, his home Grand Prix Bagnaia had a solid start to the weekend. He topped the second Free Practice time sheets on his way to qualify 8th on the grid. However he crashed in the last corner on the 11th lap in seventh place. It was the first time in Bagnaia's career that he had failed to finish three races in a row, all of them with crashes.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.:Grand Prix motorcycle racing.:Races by year.

paragraph: * Season still in progress.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on motogp.com

description: Italian motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Francesco Bagnaia

wikipedia_title: Francesco Bagnaia


text: favourite

text: John of England

text: Gower

text: Abergavenny

text: Brecknock

text: Builth

text: Radnor

text: Kington

text: Limerick

text: Glamorgan

text: Skenfrith

text: Briouze

text: Normandy

text: Grosmont

text: White Castle

text: William de Braose, 3rd Lord of Bramber

text: Bertha of Hereford

text: Miles Fitz Walter

text: Earl of Hereford

text: Sibyl

text: Bernard de Neufmarche

text: Rape of Bramber

text: Sussex

text: Welsh Marches

text: Monmouthshire

text: Abergavenny Massacre

text: Seisyll ap Dyfnwal

text: Castell Arnallt

text: Llanover

text: River Usk

text: Henry

text: Abergavenny Castle

text: Gerald of Wales

text: Abergavenny

text: Brecon

text: sheriff of Herefordshire

text: Richard I of England

text: Châlus

text: Arthur of Brittany

text: Battle of Mirebeau

text: Arthur of Brittany

text: King

text: Philip II of France

text: King John

text: Welsh

text: Radnorshire

text: Ireland

text: Glamorgan

text: Lordship of Gower

text: Theobald Walter, 1st Baron Butler

text: National Library of Ireland

text: Killaloe

text: Clonlisk

text: Ballybritt

text: tuath

text: County Offaly

text: Ikerrin

text: cantred

text: baronies

text: Eliogarty

text: Ormond Upper

text: Ormond Lower

text: Owney and Arra

text: County Tipperary

text: Juhel de Totnes

text: Gwent

text: Skenfrith Castle

text: Grosmont Castle

text: White Castle

text: John of England

text: Maud de St. Valery

text: Llywelyn the Great

text: Corbeil

text: Abbey of St. Victor

text: Stephen Langton

text: Archbishop of Canterbury

text: Windsor Castle

text: Corfe Castle

text: Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford

text: John

text: John

text: Giles de Braose

text: Reginald de Braose

text: Gower

text: Bramber

text: Giles de Braose

text: Bishop of Hereford

text: John

text: Llywelyn the Great

text: Reginald de Braose

text: Henry III of England

text: Llywelyn the Great

text: Brecon

text: Abergavenny

text: Gower

text: Abergavenny Castle

text: Gruffydd ap Rhys II

text: Deheubarth

text: Margaret

text: Walter de Lacy

text: Meath

text: Marcher Lord

text: Maud de St. Valery

text: John Lackland

text: Barbara Erskine

text: House of Braose

categories: 12th-century Welsh people,Anglo-Normans in Wales,Anglo-Normans,13th-century Welsh people,1211 deaths,12th-century births,History of Monmouthshire,Norman warriors,Feudal barons of Abergavenny,High Sheriffs of Herefordshire

paragraph: William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber

paragraph: William de Braose, (or William de Briouze), 4th Lord of Bramber (1144/1153 – 9 August 1211), court favourite of King John of England, at the peak of his power, was also Lord of Gower, Abergavenny, Brecknock, Builth, Radnor, Kington, Limerick, Glamorgan, Skenfrith, Briouze in Normandy, Grosmont, and White Castle.

paragraph: Section::::Lineage.

paragraph: William was the most notable member of the de Braose dynasty. His steady rise and sudden fall at the hands of King John is often taken as an example of that king's arbitrary and capricious behaviour towards his barons.

paragraph: William was the son of William de Braose, 3rd Lord of Bramber and his wife Bertha of Hereford, also known as Bertha de Pitres, (born 1130) daughter of Miles Fitz Walter, Earl of Hereford and his wife, Sibyl, daughter of Bernard de Neufmarche. From his father he inherited the Rape of Bramber, in Sussex, and through his mother he inherited a large estate in the Welsh Marches area of modern-day Monmouthshire.

paragraph: Section::::Abergavenny Massacre.

paragraph: In 1175, William de Braose carried out the Abergavenny Massacre, luring three Welsh princes and other Welsh leaders to their deaths. His principal antagonist was a Seisyll ap Dyfnwal, of Castell Arnallt near Llanover in the valley of the River Usk near Abergavenny, whom he blamed for the death of his uncle Henry. After having invited the Welsh leaders to a Christmas feast at Abergavenny Castle under the pretence of peace and the start of a new era at the end of the year (a traditional time for settling outstanding differences amongst the Welsh), he had them murdered by his men. This resulted in great hostility against him among the Welsh, who named him the "Ogre of Abergavenny". Gerald of Wales exonerates him and emphasises the religious piety of de Braose and his wife and de Braose generosity to the priories of Abergavenny and Brecon. William de Braose did however reputedly hunt down and kill Seisyll ap Dyfnwal's surviving son, Cadwaladr, a boy of seven.

paragraph: In 1192 William de Braose was made sheriff of Herefordshire, a post he held until 1199. In 1196 he was made Justice Itinerant for Staffordshire. In 1195 he accompanied King Richard I of England to Normandy and in 1199, William de Braose fought beside Richard at Châlus, where the king was mortally wounded. He then supported King John's claim to the throne of England, and represented the new king, making various royal grants.

paragraph: Section::::The disappearance of Arthur I, Duke of Brittany.

paragraph: In 1203, William de Braose was put in charge of Arthur of Brittany, whom he had personally captured the previous year at the Battle of Mirebeau. William was suspected of involvement in Arthur's disappearance and death, although no concrete evidence ever came to light. There is somewhat better evidence that he at least knew the truth of the matter. William was in attendance with John in Normandy at the time of Arthur of Brittany's imprisonment and it was alleged that Arthur suffered the same fate as the Welsh princes at William's hand, although this has never been proven. Arthur's death remains a mystery. After Arthur disappeared, De Braose served in the war of 1204 against King Philip II of France in France.

paragraph: Section::::Royal favourite.

paragraph: He was greatly favoured by King John early in his reign. John granted him all that he might conquer from the Welsh in Radnorshire, gave him lordship over Limerick in Ireland (save for the city itself), possession of Glamorgan castle, and the Lordship of Gower with its several castles.

paragraph: In early 1200, King John deprived Theobald Walter, 1st Baron Butler of all his offices and lands in Ireland because of his irregularities as sheriff. His lands were not restored until January 1202. A manuscript in the National Library of Ireland points to William as the agent of his restoration:"Grant by William de Braosa, (senior) to Theobald Walter (le Botiller) the burgh of Kildelon (Killaloe) ... the cantred of Elykaruel (the baronies of Clonlisk and Ballybritt, Co. Offaly), Eliogarty, Ormond, Ara and Oioney, etc. 1201.""Elykaruel" refers to the Gaelic tuath of "Ely O'Carroll", which straddled the southern part of County Offaly and the northern part of Tipperary (at Ikerrin). The other cantreds named are probably the modern baronies of Eliogarty, Ormond Upper, Ormond Lower and Owney and Arra in County Tipperary.

paragraph: Before 1206 William successfully claimed half of the barony of Totnes from Henry de Nonant, to which family it had been granted after its forfeiture from Juhel de Totnes.

paragraph: In 1206, after his service in France, King John gave William de Braose the three great neighbouring trilateral castles of Gwent (Skenfrith Castle, Grosmont Castle, and White Castle). These have been interpreted as bribes encouraging silence on the demise of Arthur, seen by many as a rightful heir to the throne occupied by John of England.

paragraph: At this point only an earldom separated him from the greatest in England.

paragraph: Section::::Royal persecution and death in exile.

paragraph: Soon after this, William de Braose fell out of favour with King John of England. The precise reasons remain obscure. King John cited overdue monies that de Braose owed the Crown from his estates, but the King's actions went far beyond what would be necessary to recover the debt. He distrained (seized) de Braose's English estates in Sussex and Devon, and sent a force to invade Wales to seize the de Braose domains there. Beyond that, he sought de Braose's wife, Maud de St. Valery, who, the story goes, had made no secret of her belief that King John had murdered Arthur of Brittany.

paragraph: De Braose fled to Ireland, then returned to Wales as King John had him hunted in Ireland. In Wales, William allied himself to the Welsh Prince Llywelyn the Great, and helped him in his rebellion against King John.

paragraph: In 1210, William de Braose fled Wales disguised as a beggar, to France. His wife and eldest son were captured. William died the following year in August 1211 at Corbeil, France. He was buried in the Abbey of St. Victor in Paris by a fellow exile and vociferous opponent of King John, Stephen Langton, the Archbishop of Canterbury. His hopes to return alive to Wales and for a burial in Brecon were to be unfulfilled. William's wife, Maud, and eldest son, William, once captured, were allegedly murdered by King John, possibly starved to death while incarcerated at Windsor Castle and Corfe Castle in 1210.

paragraph: While William had aroused the jealousy of the other barons during his rise, the arbitrary and violent manner of his fall very probably discomfited them and played a role in the Baronial uprisings of the next decade. The historian Sidney Painter, in his biography of King John, called it "the greatest mistake John made during his reign, as the King revealed to his Barons once and for all his capacity for cruelty."

paragraph: Section::::The de Braose lineage.

paragraph: William de Braose's eldest son, William, married Maud (Matilda) de Clare (ca. 1184–1213), the daughter of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford. This younger William was captured with his mother and starved to death in 1210. He had fathered four sons, John, Giles, Philip and Walter and although they were also held in prison, they were released in 1218. John, the eldest, was said to have been brought up secretly, in Gower, by a Welsh ally or retainer. On his release he came under the care of his uncle Giles de Braose. John made a claim to being the rightful heir of the de Braose lands and titles and although the courts did not find for him, his other uncle Reginald de Braose was able to cede by a legal convention the Baronies of both Gower and Bramber to him for a fee. This established John's branch of the family and positioned it for survival at least or, at best, an opportunity for continued future power and influence.

paragraph: Section::::Later dynasty.

paragraph: The middle son, Giles de Braose, exiled in France until 1213, was Bishop of Hereford from 1200 until his death in 1215. He made peace with King John and agreed terms for regaining de Braose lands in 1215 but had also made alliances with the Welsh leader Llywelyn the Great. He died in 1215 before he could come into the lands.

paragraph: William's third son, Reginald de Braose reacquired his father's lands and titles for himself through simply seizing them back by force following the death of Giles. Reginald did not actually come to terms with the Crown until 1217 and the new, young King Henry III of England, after the death of King John. This, in turn, aroused the anger of Llywelyn the Great who had an understanding with Giles de Braose and the seeming duplicity caused the Welsh to attack de Braose lands in Brecon and Abergavenny and Gower. Abergavenny Castle had to be rebuilt as a result. Reginald de Braose died in 1228.

paragraph: William's eldest daughter Matilda/Maud married a prominent Welsh prince, Gruffydd ap Rhys II of Deheubarth.

paragraph: Another daughter, Margaret, married Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath in Ireland and himself another powerful Marcher Lord.

paragraph: [ There seem to be some confusion with Matilde on who her father is re Professor Thomas Jones Pierce, M.A., F.S.A., (1905-1964), Aberystwyth. she is the daughter of William Braose and Bertha Hereford the father of this William ]

paragraph: Section::::Fiction.

paragraph: The story of the death of Maud de St. Valery and the conflict of her family with John Lackland is covered in several novels, notably "Lady of Hay" by Barbara Erskine. Erskine describes the life of Maud by sending a woman of the 20th century by psychological regression back into the 12th century.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Braose

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holden, Brock W., "King John, the Braoses, and the Celtic Fringe, 1207-1216", "Albion: Journal of British Studies" v.33 (2001)

description: Court favourite of King John of England

wikidata_label: William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber

wikipedia_title: William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber


text: c.

text: Dutch Golden Age

text: Philips Wouwerman

text: Adriaen van de Velde

text: Nicolas Berchem

categories: 1650 births,Dutch Golden Age painters,1690 deaths,Dutch male painters

paragraph: Johannes van der Bent

paragraph: Johannes van der Bent (c. 1650–1690), was a Dutch Golden Age painter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: According to Houbraken he was a student of Philips Wouwerman and Adriaen van de Velde. His birthdate is uncertain, but he was judged to be about forty when he died of tuberculosis. Houbraken thought he caught the disease from melancholy resulting from losing a large sum of money (said to be 4,000 Dutch florins, a very large sum for a painter to have), which depressed him. He always suspected his landlord, who rented him the room he had been staying in when it happened. It is unclear how he came into the possession of such a large sum of money, whether by selling paintings or by inheritance.

paragraph: According to the "Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie" (RKD), some of his works have been incorrectly attributed to Nicolas Berchem.

alias: disciple de Nicolas Berchen Van der Bent

description: Dutch painter

wikidata_label: Johannes van der Bent

wikipedia_title: Johannes van der Bent


text: Miami University

text: RedHawks men's ice hockey team

text: Brian Burke

text: Toronto Maple Leafs

text: US Olympic hockey team

text: coming out

text: homophobia

text: LGBT

text: USA Hockey

text: CBC Television

text: You Can Play

text: Vancouver

text: British Columbia

text: Boston, Massachusetts

text: hockey

text: varsity team

text: Xaverian Brothers High School

text: Westwood, Massachusetts

text: Miami University

text: Oxford

text: Ohio

text: Sigma Phi Epsilon

text: came out

text: sophomore

text: Capitol Hill

text: Bill Delahunt

text: Christmas

text: Anaheim Ducks

text: Vancouver

text: ESPN.com

text: TSN

text: Enrico Blasi

text: Frozen Four

text: NCAA

text: TSN

text: machismo

text: Phoenix Coyotes

text: racial barrier

text: NBA

text: John Amaechi

text: automobile accident

text: heavy snow

text: Economy, Indiana

text: Jeep Grand Cherokee

text: Michigan State University

text: moment of silence

text: Toronto Maple Leafs

text: Ottawa Senators

text: moment of silence

text: Lake Superior State

text: St. Louis Blues

text: Chicago Blackhawks

text: Canton

text: Massachusetts

text: Toronto Maple Leafs

text: Miami University Hockey Redhawks

text: USA Hockey

text: Xaverian Brothers High School

text: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

text: newsmagazine

text: the fifth estate

text: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Vancouver, British Columbia

text: United States Men's Hockey Team

text: dog tags

text: Chicago Blackhawks

text: John McDonough

text: recently won

text: Stanley Cup

text: defenseman

text: Brent Sopel

text: Chicago Gay Pride Parade

text: day with the Stanley Cup

text: The Globe and Mail

text: Outsports.com

text: Toronto Pride Parade

text: Paul Tagliabue

text: You Can Play

categories: LGBT sportspeople from Canada,Sportspeople from Vancouver,LGBT ice hockey players,2010 deaths,1988 births,Miami RedHawks ice hockey,Miami University alumni,Sportspeople from Boston,American ice hockey goaltenders,Canadian ice hockey goaltenders,Road incident deaths in Indiana,LGBT sportspeople from the United States,Canadian people of Irish descent,Ice hockey people from British Columbia,Xaverian Brothers High School alumni,Gay sportsmen

paragraph: Brendan Burke

paragraph: Brendan Gilmore Burke (December 8, 1988 – February 5, 2010) was an athlete and student manager at Miami University for the RedHawks men's ice hockey team. The youngest son of Brian Burke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and of the US Olympic hockey team, in November 2009, he made international headlines for coming out, advocating for tolerance and speaking out against homophobia in professional sports. Burke's coming out was widely praised and supported by sports news outlets and fans, generating multiple discussions about homophobia in sports, and in hockey in particular. He was viewed as a pioneer in advocacy against homophobia in hockey, described as "the closest person to the NHL ever to come out publicly and say that he is gay."

paragraph: Burke was killed in a car crash on February 5, 2010. Following his death, Burke's memory and contribution to LGBT awareness in hockey was honored by several hockey teams. The "Brendan Burke Internship" was later established in his honor by USA Hockey for his work in hockey management and a documentary entitled "The Legacy of Brendan Burke" aired on CBC Television in November 2010. Burke's death was the catalyst for the formation of the You Can Play project, a campaign to end homophobia in sports.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Brendan Gilmore Burke was born on December 8, 1988, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and was the younger son and third of four children of his father's first marriage. His parents divorced in 1995, and in 1997 he moved with his mother, Kerry to Boston, Massachusetts. During high school, Burke played hockey as a goaltender on the varsity team, but quit because he worried that his teammates would discover that he was gay. Instead, he told his family that he wanted to quit rather than spend the season benched off the active roster. He graduated from Xaverian Brothers High School in Westwood, Massachusetts.

paragraph: After high school, Burke could not decide between going to law school (after completing college), or a career in hockey management. He attended Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, where he was a brother in Sigma Phi Epsilon and came out as gay during his sophomore year. He interned on Capitol Hill in the summer of 2009 for U.S. Representative Bill Delahunt, and became a student manager at Miami University, responsible for recruiting correspondences, reviewing game film, working with coaches, and analyzing players. During this time, he attempted to decide between a career in politics or hockey management, eventually deciding on the latter.

paragraph: Section::::Coming out and advocacy.

paragraph: Burke came out to his family during Christmas of 2007 and to his father, then-general manager of the Anaheim Ducks Brian Burke, after attending a Ducks game in Vancouver on December 10. Brian as well as the rest of Burke's family were accepting of his sexuality. However, Brendan's father and older brother Patrick, also a hockey manager, were concerned about how this might impact Brendan's career in hockey, noting homophobia in the hockey world in particular. As an advocate, Burke returned yearly to his high school to give talks on his experience coming to terms with his sexuality in a largely homophobic sports culture and the positive personal impact of his father's support.

paragraph: In November 2009, Burke came out to one of his teammates, Pat Cannone, after he was asked about his love life. He then came out to the rest of the Miami University hockey team, of which he was also the video coordinator and student manager, that he was gay. The story was leaked to ESPN.com. The Burkes appeared on the Canadian sports channel TSN, where Brendan Burke said he hoped his story would give other gay athletes and those working in professional sports the confidence to come forward. The team's coach, Enrico Blasi, and the rest of the team first learned of Burke's sexual orientation after the Frozen Four NCAA men's hockey championship in 2009. Burke was concerned that the news story on his sexual orientation might be distracting to the team, and approached Blasi, offering to walk away from the story if Blasi disapproved. With full veto power on the story, Blasi gave it his full support. His team was also accepting of his sexuality.

paragraph: Burke's public coming out was met with wide support from the press and fans, with the ESPN interview garnering praise from the hockey world. He received hundreds of emails and letters of support from gay athletes from across the continent. The news of his father's acceptance of his sexual orientation also earned Brian Burke praise from press and fans inside and outside the hockey world. The news further launched Brendan into advocacy, speaking about homophobia in hockey and encouraging discussion on the challenges faced by gay athletes in hockey and mainstream sports in general. In a later TSN interview, Burke stated that he hoped that telling his story would allow gay athletes and pro sports workers to know that there were supportive, safe environments for them and would encourage them to step forward as well. Toronto's Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG) began using Burke's coming-out story as a teaching tool, stating that the story could "change so many families across Canada, particularly because so many young boys are expected to grow up playing with a hockey stick and make their dads happy." His coming-out story gained further attention from a large variety of news outlets in the days that followed. Interest in Brendan's story was attributed to both his relation to his father and "hockey's sometimes homophobic culture."

paragraph: Brendan Burke became well known in hockey circles following his public coming out. Blasi described Burke's presence as a "blessing," creating awareness within the program about homophobia. TSN sportscaster James Cybulski commented that the reaction to Burke's story, and that it was a major story in the first place, demonstrated the need for Burke and his whole family to stand tall as a major step forward for all minorities. GlobeSports.com's podcast "Hockey Roundtable" featured a discussion between sports writers Eric Duhatschek and James Mirtle about the dialogue concerning openly gay athletes and high profile employees in major hockey franchises that resulted from Burke's interview about his struggles with hiding his sexuality and eventual coming out. Duhatschek commented that NHL players were reluctant to discuss the recent news and the subject in general, attributing it to a culture of machismo in professional sports. Assistant coach of the Phoenix Coyotes, David King, stated that he felt that like athletic sports' role in breaking down the racial barrier, sports would do the same for gay athletes, albeit stressing that he felt it "would take some time." Mirtle agreed, discussing the challenges of prejudice that closeted and out hockey athletes may face and highlighting NBA star John Amaechi's 2007 coming out as an example of strong anti-gay attitudes in the NBA and larger sports world.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Burke died February 5, 2010, at the age of 21 in an automobile accident. While he was driving in heavy snow near Economy, Indiana, his 2004 Jeep Grand Cherokee slid sideways into the path of an oncoming 1997 Ford F-150 truck, killing him and his friend, Mark Reedy, a Michigan State University athlete, who was in the passenger seat. The impact of the collision fractured the base of Burke's skull, killing him instantly. The vehicle was mangled to such an extent that police officers and paramedics could not tell that Reedy was inside the vehicle, dead as well.

paragraph: A moment of silence was observed prior to the Toronto Maple Leafs vs. Ottawa Senators game on February 6, 2010. Another moment of silence was also observed prior to the Miami University hockey game vs. Lake Superior State on February 6, 2010. The team also named him honorary first star of the game. The St. Louis Blues also held a moment of silence for Brendan Burke prior to their game against the Chicago Blackhawks on February 21, 2010.

paragraph: The funeral was held at St. John the Evangelist Catholic church in Canton, Massachusetts, where his family lives, with nearly 1,000 people, including the full roster of the Toronto Maple Leafs and the Miami University Hockey Redhawks, in attendance. In April 2010, USA Hockey established the "Brendan Burke Internship" in honor of his work in hockey, describing it as being given annually to a recent college graduate seeking to pursue a career in hockey operations. The senior class of 2010 at Brendan's high school alma mater coordinated a fundraising campaign to donate a statue to be displayed on the Xaverian Brothers High School campus in memory of Brendan. On November 26, 2010, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation television newsmagazine "the fifth estate" aired "The Legacy of Brendan Burke", a documentary detailing Burke's story and the discussion it generated about homophobia in hockey.

paragraph: During the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, the United States Men's Hockey Team wore dog tags inscribed with the words "In Memory of Brendan Burke". In June 2010, Chicago Blackhawks president John McDonough announced that he would be sending the team's recently won Stanley Cup with defenseman Brent Sopel who would march in the 2010 Chicago Gay Pride Parade. Sopel began his NHL career with Vancouver and became friends with Brian Burke when he was the general manager there. Although he was traded to Atlanta earlier in the week, Sopel honored Brendan Burke by using his day with the Stanley Cup to display it in the Chicago Gay Pride Parade, stating to the press that honoring Burke's legacy and his father's example of familial support and tolerance was one of his reasons for marching in the parade. In recognition of the one-year anniversary of Burke's death, the Blackhawks wore special sweaters during their weekend game on February 5, 2011.

paragraph: In the wake of Brendan's death, James Mirtle wrote in an article in "The Globe and Mail" published after Burke's death that he "was widely hailed as a pioneer in a sport that has never had an openly out athlete." He was also described as "the closest person to the NHL ever to come out publicly and say that he is gay." Assistant coach of the RedHawks Nick Petraglia attested to the commonplace use of gay slurs in hockey culture and stated that Burke's coming out impacted their program in addressing homophobia. The "New England Hockey Journal" also wrote that Burke would be remembered as a pioneer for addressing the issue of homophobia in hockey. Andrew Sobotka, president of the Chicago Gay Hockey Association, attributed a doubling in the organization's membership to Burke's legacy and the Cup's appearance at the 2010 Gay Pride parade, describing the continued debate about gays in hockey as "everyone carrying his [Brendan Burke's] torch."

paragraph: Burke's older brother Patrick Burke announced in a column on Outsports.com that the Burke family promised their "unwavering, unremitting, relentless support" for the cause of equality in sports and to continue working to end homophobia in hockey. Since Brendan's death, his father has continued advocating against homophobia in professional sports, giving speeches at schools, marching in the annual Toronto Pride Parade, and working with former NFL commissioner Paul Tagliabue, whose son is also openly gay, through PFLAG. In March 2012, in tribute to Brendan, Patrick and Brian Burke founded the You Can Play campaign to fight homophobia in sports.

description: Ice hockey professional

wikidata_label: Brendan Burke

wikipedia_title: Brendan Burke


text: German

text: orthodox

text: theologian

text: palaeographer

text: palimpsest

text: Codex Carolinus

text: Brunswick

text: Ducal Library

text: Heusinger

text: A

text: B

text: Gothic

text: Codex Carolinus

text: Isidore of Seville

text: Origines

text: Tischendorf

text: Carla Falluomini

text: Minuscule 126

text: textual criticism

text: Pericopa Adulterae

text: Comma Johanneum

text: Testimonium Flavianum

text: Erasmus

text: Novum Instrumentum omne

text: Codex Montfortianus

text: Complutensian Polyglotta

text: Tertullian

text: Franz Anton Knittel

categories: 1721 births,18th-century German Protestant theologians,German scholars,German Lutheran clergy,German male non-fiction writers,1792 deaths,German Lutheran theologians

paragraph: Franz Anton Knittel

paragraph: Franz Anton Knittel (April 3, 1721 – December 10, 1792) was a German, Lutheran orthodox theologian, priest, and palaeographer. He examined palimpsests' text of the "Codex Guelferbytanus 64 Weissenburgensis" and deciphered text of Codex Carolinus. He was the author of many works.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: In 1751 he became a priest, in 1753 Archdeacon of the main church in Wolfenbüttel. In 1766 he became general superintendent and the first preacher in Wolfenbüttel and in 1776 general superintendent in Brunswick.

paragraph: After receiving work in the main church of Wolfenbüttel Knittel started to examine manuscripts housed in the Ducal Library of Wolfenbüttel. In 1756 he studied the "Codex Guelferbytanus 64 Weissenburgensis". The manuscript and its palimpsest text had earlier been examined by Heusinger, who described it in 1752, but Knittel was the first who recognized that the palimpsest Greek text belonged to two different manuscripts of the New Testament. Knittel designated these two texts by sigla A and B. He recognized also lists of the ("chapters") as another, the third Greek manuscript. Knittel also deciphered and reconstructed the Gothic-Latin text of the palimpsest and published it in 1762 at Brunswick. It is known as "Codex Carolinus". The upper text of palimpsest contains text of Isidore of Seville's "Origines" and his six letters. Knittel designated it by siglum E and dated it to the 11th century.

paragraph: Knittel made many errors in deciphering the palimpsest's text, especially in the Latin text of "Codex Carolinus" (e.g. "enarrabilia" for "scrutabilia"). Tischendorf made a new and more accurate collation for the Latin text (edited in 1855). A new collation of the Gothic text was published by Carla Falluomini in 1999. Knittel examined also other manuscripts (e.g. Minuscule 126, 429).

paragraph: Knittel defended a traditional point of view in theology and was against the modern textual criticism. He defended an authenticity of the Pericopa Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11), Comma Johanneum (1 John 5:7), and Testimonium Flavianum. According to him Erasmus in his Novum Instrumentum omne did not incorporate the "Comma" from Codex Montfortianus, because of grammar differences, but used Complutensian Polyglotta. According to him the "Comma" was known for Tertullian.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gedanken von einem Lehrgebaude einer gemessenen Geistlerlehre und ihrem Bussen in der Gottesgelahrtheit" 1746

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Epistola, in qua de eo, quod in Georgicis Hesiodes, quae εργα και ημεραι inscribuntur, supposititium est, disseruit de salis vallibus et a viro celebrrimo in arte critica M. horum, quae accusantus, vindice atquae assertore, dissentit", Brunsvick 1754

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Neue Gedanken von den allgemeinen Christsehlern in den Handschriften des Neuen Testamtns u. s. w., mebst einem Versuche einer hermeneutischen Muthmassunge - Sitten - Lehre der ersten Kirche", Braunschweig 1755

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Praecopium Ulphilanum primum", Brunovici 1758; alterum 1760

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ulphilae versionem Gothicam nonnullorum capitum epistolae Pauli ad Romanos e litura MS. rescript Bibliothecae Guelferbytanae, cum variis monumentis ineditis eruit, commentatus est, detitque foras", Brunovici 1762

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Friedenspredigt", Braunschweig 1763

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prisca ruris ecclesia", Brunovici 1767

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beyträge zur Kritik über Johannes Offenbarung", Schröder, Braunschweig und Hildensheim 1773.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Neue Kritiken über das weltberühmte Zeugnis dea alten Juden Flav. Josephus von Jesu Christo" Braunschweig 1779

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Neue Kritiken über den berühmten Sprych: Drey sind, die da zeugen im Himmel, der Vater, das Wort, und der heilige Geist, und diese drei sind eins" Braunschweig 1785

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ueber die Aufklärung des Lachmannes", Frankfurt und Leipzig 1787

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Georg Neusel, "Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 verstorberen Teuschen Schriftsteller" (Leipzig 1898), pp. 133–135.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinrich Döring, Franz Anton Knittel, "Die deutschen Kanzelredner des achtzehnten und neunzehnten Jahrhunderts", pp. 171–175.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fragmenta versionis Ulphilanae: continentia particulas aliquot epistolae Pauli ad Romanos (Upsaliae 1763)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franz Anton Knittel & William Alleyn Evanson, "New criticisms on the celebrated text: 1 John V. 7. "For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost; and these three are one." A synodical lecture", 1829.

description: German theologian

wikidata_label: Franz Anton Knittel

wikipedia_title: Franz Anton Knittel


text:
Kholm
Russian
Russia
knyaz
boyar
voyevoda
Ivan the Great
Kholmsky
Vasily Kholmsky
Princes of Tver
Kazan tatars
Murom
Kazan
Novgorod
Korostyn
Staraya Russa
battle of Shelon
Akhmat Khan
Great Horde
Alexin
Pskov
Livonian knights
boyar
Ilmen
Great Standing on the Ugra River
Möxämmädämin
war against Lithuania
Upper Oka Principalities
Alexander Jagiellon
Knyaz Kholmsky

categories: 1493 deaths,Russian military leaders,Russian nobility,Place of birth missing

paragraph: Daniil Kholmsky

paragraph: Daniel of Kholm (Russian Даниил Дмитриевич Холмский; died in 1493) was a Russian knyaz, boyar and voyevoda, one of the most prominent military leaders of Ivan the Great. He belonged to the princely house of Kholmsky and was the father of another voyevoda, Vasily Kholmsky.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Daniel of Kholm was the son of the knyaz Dmitry Yurievich Kholmsky and was a descendant of Princes of Tver. In 1460s, he entered the Muscovite service. He became famous after his brilliant victory over Kazan tatars near Murom in 1468, where he was successful with an unexpected strike from the besieged city. However, since the Tatar assaults on Russian borders continued, the Muscovite army started a campaign against Kazan. Daniel was the commander of the avantgarde troops and defeated khan Ibrahim, forcing him to sign a peace treaty with Ivan III. The treaty obliged the khanate to return all the Russian captives and to establish a friendly relationship with Moscow.

paragraph: In 1471, Daniel Kholmsky led Ivan's military campaign against Novgorod. After achieving two minor victories near Korostyn and Staraya Russa, he soundly defeated the Novgorodians in the battle of Shelon which had a decisive impact on the power balance between the both sides and paved the way for the future annexation of Novgorod.

paragraph: In the summer 1472, Kholmsky led an army against the Tatar forces of Akhmat Khan of the Great Horde who captured and destroyed the town of Alexin. The Khan didn't risk to fight with Kholmsky and returned to the steppes. The next year, Kholmsky helped the allied city of Pskov which was being besieged by Livonian knights. Due to courageous and clever action, Kholmsky could enforce a peace treaty which obliged to Livonians to leave the lands of Pskov and to grant Russian merchants free trade rights in the Baltic. This treaty was later called "Daniel's peace" by the chronists. For this, Ivan III gave Daniel the boyar title.

paragraph: Soon, Kholmsky was confronted with false accusations of intended treason by begrudging boyars. It was the support of the clergy and the surety of 2000 rubles by eight Muscovite nobles that helped Kholmsky to regain the confidence of the Grand Prince.

paragraph: During the second campaign of Ivan III against Novgorod in the autumn of 1477, Daniel led the main Muscovite army over the ice of the Ilmen lake. In the course of one night, he managed to encircle Novgorod and forced the city to surrender to Ivan III.

paragraph: In October and November 1480 Daniel Kholmsky took part in the famous Great Standing on the Ugra River where he was the one of the commanders of the Russian forces and organized the fortifications. With his efforts, Kholmsky substantially contributed to the final overthrowing of the Tatar rule over Russia.

paragraph: In 1487, Kholmsky once again led a Muscovite army against Kazan and captured the besieged city on July 9. The result of this event was the deposition of Ivan III's adversary and his replacement by the Moscow-friendly Möxämmädämin.

paragraph: In 1492 knyaz Kholmsky took part in the war against Lithuania and helped Upper Oka Principalities to protect their independence from Alexander Jagiellon. Kholmsky died in 1493.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knyaz Kholmsky, Н.С. Борисов "Русские полководцы XIII-XVI веков"

description: Military leaders of Ivan the Great

wikidata_label: Daniil Kholmsky

wikipedia_title: Daniil Kholmsky


text:
Count of Dreux
Robert II
byname
Peter
Duke of Brittany
Louis VIII of France
Nantes
Battle of Bouvines
William Longsword
Earl of Salisbury
Albigensian Crusade
Avignon
Blanche of Castile
Yolande of Dreux
Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy
John I
Châteaudun

categories: People of the Albigensian Crusade,Burials at the Abbey of Saint-Yved de Braine,1185 births,Counts of Dreux,1234 deaths,House of Dreux

paragraph: Robert III, Count of Dreux

paragraph: Robert III of Dreux (1185–1234), Count of Dreux and Braine, was the son of Robert II, Count of Dreux, and Yolanda de Coucy. He was given the byname Gasteblé (lit. wheat-spoiler) when he destroyed a field of wheat while hunting in his youth.

paragraph: Along with his brother Peter, Duke of Brittany he fought with future Louis VIII of France in 1212 at Nantes and was captured there during a sortie. Exchanged after the Battle of Bouvines for William Longsword, Earl of Salisbury, he fought in the Albigensian Crusade, besieging Avignon in 1226. He was a supporter of Blanche of Castile during her regency after the death of Louis VIII in 1226.

paragraph: In 1210 he married Alianor de St. Valéry (1192–15 Nov 1250) and they had several children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yolande of Dreux (1212–1248), who married Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy

paragraph: BULLET::::- John I (1215–1249), later Count of Dreux.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert (1217–1264), Viscount of Châteaudun.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter (1220–1250), a cleric.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bubenicek, Michelle, "Quand les femmes gouvernent: droit et politique au XIVe siècle:Yolande de Flandre, Droit et politique au XIV siecle", Ecole des Chartes, 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evergates, Theodore, "The aristocracy in the county of Champagne, 1100-1300", University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Painter, Sidney, "William Marshal, Knight-Errant, Baron, and Regent of England", University of Toronto Press, 1982.

description: French Nobleman, count of Dreux from 1218 to 1234

wikidata_label: Robert III, Count of Dreux

wikipedia_title: Robert III, Count of Dreux


text:
Count of Dreux
Robert III of Dreux
Knight
Louis IX of France
Poitou
Seventh Crusade
Egypt
Nicosia
Kingdom of Cyprus
Archambaud VIII of Bourbon
Robert IV
John I, Count of Dammartin

categories: Burials at the Abbey of Saint-Yved de Braine,Christians of the Seventh Crusade,1215 births,1249 deaths,Counts of Dreux,House of Dreux

paragraph: John I, Count of Dreux

paragraph: John I of Dreux (1215–1249), Count of Dreux and Braine, was the son of Robert III of Dreux and Annora (Aenor) of Saint-Valéry.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Knighted by King Louis IX of France, he accompanied the king on several campaigns, firstly in Poitou in 1242, where he fought at the Battle of Taillebourg. In 1249 he joined the king on the Seventh Crusade to Egypt, but died at Nicosia in the Kingdom of Cyprus before arriving.

paragraph: In 1240 he married Marie (1220–1274), daughter of Archambaud VIII of Bourbon. They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert IV (1241–1282), succeeded his father.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yolande, became the second wife of John I, Count of Dammartin.

description: French nobleman

wikidata_label: John I, Count of Dreux

wikipedia_title: John I, Count of Dreux


text: Count of Dreux

text: John I of Dreux

text: Philip III of France

text: Languedoc

text: Foix

text: Jean I de Montfort

text: Jeanne, Dame de Chateaudun

text: Amaury de Montfort

text: John

text: Yolande

text: Alexander III

text: King of Scots

text: Arthur II

text: Duke of Brittany

text: Yolande of Dreux

text: Alexander III of Scotland

text: Arthur II, Duke of Brittany

text: John II of Dreux

text: Jeanne II, Countess of Dreux

categories: 1241 births,Burials at the Abbey of Saint-Yved de Braine,1282 deaths,Counts of Dreux,House of Dreux

paragraph: Robert IV, Count of Dreux

paragraph: Robert IV of Dreux (1241–1282), Count of Dreux, Braine and Montfort-l'Amaury, was the son of John I of Dreux and Marie of Bourbon.

paragraph: Robert fought with Philip III of France in 1272 in his expedition to the Languedoc and was present at the capture of Foix.

paragraph: In 1260 he married Beatrice de Montfort, Countess of Montfort-l'Amaury daughter of Jean I de Montfort and Jeanne, Dame de Chateaudun, and granddaughter of Amaury de Montfort. Their son John succeeded his father while their eldest daughter Yolande (1263–1322) married Alexander III, King of Scots, and later Arthur II, Duke of Brittany.

paragraph: Section::::List of children.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Marie de Dreux (1261–1276), married in 1275 Mathieu IV de Montmorency

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Yolande of Dreux, Countess de Montfort (1263–1323), married firstly on 15 October 1285 King Alexander III of Scotland, and secondly in 1292 Arthur II, Duke of Brittany. Had seven children by her second husband

paragraph: BULLET::::3. John II of Dreux (1265–1309), married firstly Jeanne de Beaujeu, Dame de Montpensier (died 1308), by whom he had four sons and one daughter, in 1308 he married secondly Perrenelle de Sully, by whom he had one daughter Jeanne II, Countess of Dreux (1309 – c. 1355)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Jeanne, Countess de Braine, married firstly Count Jean IV de Roucy, and secondly John of Bar

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Beatrice de Dreux (1270–1328), Abbess of Pont-Royal

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Robert de Dreux, seigneur de Cateau-du-Loire

description: Count of Dreux

wikidata_label: Robert IV, Count of Dreux

wikipedia_title: Robert IV, Count of Dreux


text: anti-apartheid

text: Cry, the Beloved Country

text: Too Late the Phalarope

text: Pietermaritzburg

text: Colony of Natal

text: KwaZulu-Natal

text: Maritzburg College

text: University of Natal

text: Ixopo High School

text: Maritzburg College

text: emphysema

text: reforms

text: World War II

text: Cry, The Beloved Country

text: Maxwell Perkins

text: Ernest Hemingway

text: Thomas Wolfe

text: Google Doodle

text: Cry, The Beloved Country

text: National Party

text: South Africa

text: Margaret Ballinger

text: Edgar Brookes

text: Liberal Party of South Africa

text: apartheid

text: Blacks

text: Whites

text: Bernard Friedman

text: Progressive Party

text: Laurens van der Post

text: Botha's Hill

text: Liberal International

text: Lost in the Stars

text: Maxwell Anderson

text: Kurt Weill

text: Too Late the Phalarope

text: Ah, but Your Land is Beautiful

text: Ah, but Your Land is Beautiful

text: Donald Molteno

text: Albert Luthuli

text: Hendrik Verwoerd

text: Afrikaner

text: Save the Beloved Country

text: Anglican

text: Towards the Mountain

text: Cry, the Beloved Country

text: Journey Continued

text: Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr

text: Hofmeyr

text: Geoffrey Clayton

text: Apartheid and the Archbishop

text: The Lost City of the Kalahari

text: The Hero of Currie Road

text: Alan Paton Award

text: Cry, The Beloved Country

text: Zoltan Korda

text: Lost in the Stars

text: Maxwell Anderson

text: Kurt Weill

text: Too Late the Phalarope

text: The Land and People of South Africa

text: South Africa in Transition

text: Debbie Go Home

text: Tales from a Troubled Land

text: Hofmeyr

text: South African Tragedy

text: Sponono

text: Instrument of Thy Peace

text: Kontakion For You Departed

text: D. C. S. Oosthuizen Memorial Lecture

text: Case History of a Pinky

text: Knocking on the Door

text: Towards the Mountain

text: Ah, but Your Land is Beautiful

text: Save the Beloved Country

text: Liberalism

text: Contributions to liberal theory

text: List of African writers

text: List of South Africans

text: SABC3's Great South Africans

text: A mixture of ice and fulfilled desire

text: Mail & Guardian

categories: Anti-apartheid activists,People from Pietermaritzburg,South African autobiographers,South African male novelists,1903 births,White South African people,Recipients of the Order of Ikhamanga,White South African anti-apartheid activists,University of Natal alumni,20th-century South African novelists,South African Anglicans,20th-century historians,1988 deaths,20th-century male writers,Alumni of Maritzburg College,Liberal Party of South Africa politicians,South African people of British descent,Anglican writers

paragraph: Alan Paton

paragraph: Alan Stewart Paton (11 January 1903 – 12 April 1988) was a South African author and anti-apartheid activist.

paragraph: His works include the novels "Cry, the Beloved Country" and "Too Late the Phalarope".

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Paton was born in Pietermaritzburg in the Colony of Natal (now South Africa's KwaZulu-Natal province), the son of a civil servant. After attending Maritzburg College, he earned a Bachelor of Science degree at the University of Natal in his hometown, followed by a diploma in education. After graduation, Paton worked as a teacher, first at the Ixopo High School, and subsequently at Maritzburg College While at Ixopo he met Dorrie Francis Lusted. They were married in 1928 and remained together until her death from emphysema in 1967. Their life together is documented in Paton's book "Kontakion for You Departed," published in 1969. They had two sons, Jonathan and David. In 1969, Paton married Anne Hopkins. This marriage lasted until Paton's death.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: He served as the principal of Diepkloof Reformatory for young (native African) offenders from 1935 to 1949, where he introduced controversial "progressive" reforms, including policies on open dormitories, work permits, and home visitation. The men were initially housed in closed dormitories; once they had proven themselves trustworthy, they would be transferred to open dormitories within the compound. Men who showed great trustworthiness would be permitted to work outside the compound. In some cases, men were even permitted to reside outside the compound under the supervision of a care family. Fewer than 5% of the 10,000 men who were given home leave during Paton's years at Diepkloof ever broke their trust by failing to return.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: Paton volunteered for service during World War II, but was refused. After the war he took a trip, at his own expense, to tour correctional facilities across the world. He toured Scandinavia, England, continental Europe, Canada, and the United States. During his time in Norway, he began work on his seminal novel "Cry, The Beloved Country", which he completed over the course of his journey, finishing it on Christmas Eve in San Francisco in 1946. There, he met Aubrey and Marigold Burns, who read his manuscript and found a publisher: the editor Maxwell Perkins, noted for editing novels of Ernest Hemingway and Thomas Wolfe, guided Paton's first novel through publication with Scribner's.

paragraph: Paton published numerous books in the 1950s and became wealthy from their sales.

paragraph: On 11 January 2018, a Google Doodle honored the researcher on what would have been his 115th birthday.

paragraph: Section::::Opposition to apartheid.

paragraph: In 1948, four months after the publication of "Cry, The Beloved Country", the right-wing National Party was elected in South Africa. Paton, together with Margaret Ballinger, Edgar Brookes, and Leo Marquard, formed the Liberal Association in early-1953. On 9 May 1953, it became the Liberal Party of South Africa, with Paton as a founding co-vice-president, which fought against the apartheid laws introduced by the National Party government. He served as President of the LPSA until its forced dissolution by the government in the late-1960s; officially because its membership comprised both Blacks and Whites. Paton was a friend of Bernard Friedman, founder of the Progressive Party. Paton's writer colleague Laurens van der Post, who had moved to England in the 1930s, helped the party in many ways. Van der Post knew that the South African Secret Police were aware that he was paying money to Paton, but could not stop it by legal procedures. Paton himself adopted a peaceful opposition in protests against apartheid, as did many others in the party; some SALP members took a more violent route, and consequently some stigma did attach to the party. Paton's passport was confiscated upon his return from New York in 1960, where he had been presented with the annual Freedom Award. It was not returned to him for ten years.

paragraph: Paton retired to Botha's Hill, where he resided until his death. He is honoured at the Hall of Freedom of the Liberal International organisation.

paragraph: Section::::Other works.

paragraph: "Cry, The Beloved Country" has been filmed twice (in 1951 and 1995) and was the basis for the Broadway musical "Lost in the Stars" (adaptation by Maxwell Anderson, music by Kurt Weill). Paton's second and third novels, "Too Late the Phalarope" (1953) and "Ah, but Your Land is Beautiful" (1981), and his short stories, "Tales From a Troubled Land" (1961), all deal with the same racial themes that concerned the author in his first novel. "Ah, but Your Land is Beautiful" was built on parallel life stories, letters, speeches, news and records in legal proceedings, and mixed fictional and real-life characters, such as Donald Molteno, Albert Luthuli and Hendrik Verwoerd. The novel is categorised as historical fiction, as it gives an accurate account of the resistance movement in South Africa during the 1960s. "Paton attempts to imbue his characters with a humanity not expected of them. In this novel, for example, we meet the supposedly obdurate Afrikaner who contravenes the infamous Immorality Act. There are other Afrikaners, too, who are led by their consciences and not by rules, and regulations promulgated by a faceless, monolithic parliament."

paragraph: Paton was a prolific essay writer on race and politics in South Africa. In "Save the Beloved Country" he plays on the famous title of his first novel, but keeps a serious tone in discussing many of the famous personalities and issues on different sides of South Africa's apartheid struggle. His Anglican faith was another factor in his life and work: the title of one work is "Instrument of Thy Peace". Paton also wrote two autobiographies: "Towards the Mountain" deals with Paton's life leading up to and including the publication of "Cry, the Beloved Country" (an event that changed the course of his life) while "Journey Continued" takes its departure from that time onwards. He also wrote biographies of his friends Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr ("Hofmeyr"), and Geoffrey Clayton ("Apartheid and the Archbishop"). Another literary form that interested him throughout his life was poetry; the biographer Peter Alexander includes many of these poems in his biography of Paton.

paragraph: Publications of Paton's work include a volume of his travel writing, "The Lost City of the Kalahari" (2006), and a complete selection of his shorter writings, "The Hero of Currie Road".

paragraph: The Alan Paton Award for non-fiction is conferred annually in his honour.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cry, The Beloved Country", 1948 – made into a film in 1951, directed by Zoltan Korda with a screenplay by Paton himself; in 1995, directed by Darrell Roodt; also a musical and an opera

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lost in the Stars" 1950 – a musical based on the above work (book and lyrics by Maxwell Anderson, music by Kurt Weill)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Too Late the Phalarope", 1953

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Land and People of South Africa", 1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- "South Africa in Transition", 1956

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Debbie Go Home", 1960

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tales from a Troubled Land", 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hofmeyr", 1964

paragraph: BULLET::::- "South African Tragedy", 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sponono", 1965 (with Krishna Shah)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Long View", 1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Instrument of Thy Peace", 1968

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kontakion For You Departed", 1969 (also: "For You Departed")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "D. C. S. Oosthuizen Memorial Lecture, 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Case History of a Pinky, 1972

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", 1973

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Knocking on the Door", 1975

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Towards the Mountain", 1980

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ah, but Your Land is Beautiful", 1981

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", 1988

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Save the Beloved Country", 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", 2008

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Liberalism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Contributions to liberal theory

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of African writers

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of South Africans – In 2004 Paton was voted 59th in the SABC3's Great South Africans

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 116 pp.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Alan Paton Centre & Struggle Archives

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alan Paton — A short biography and bibliography

paragraph: BULLET::::- A mixture of ice and fulfilled desire, "Mail & Guardian", 14 November 2005

alias:
Alan Patton
Alan Stewart Paton
Alen Peṭon
אלן פטון
Alan Paton

description: South African writer and activist

enwikiquote_title: Alan Paton

wikidata_label: Alan Stewart Paton

wikipedia_title: Alan Paton


href: Tehran Kerman Iran

text: Tehran Kerman Iran

paragraph: Homayoun Sanaatizadeh

paragraph: Homayoun Sanaatizadeh, , (born on 1925 in Tehran, died on 2009 in Kerman, Iran) was an Iranian writer, translator. Behind his writings he is well known for his attempts to fighting against poverty and illiteracy. He is also founder of many Iranian companies. Founding Iran's branch of Franklyn publication is one of his notable works.

description: Iranian writer

wikidata_label: Homayoun Sanaatizadeh

wikipedia_title: Homayoun Sanaatizadeh


text:
chief
Clan MacLeod
Norman MacLeod of MacLeod
chief
Clan MacLeod
Baron St John of Bletso
Harrow
74th Highlanders
aide de camp
Sir Hope Grant
Presidency of Madras
Political Agent
Transvaal
Zulu War
Swazi
Sir Charles Isham, 10th Baronet
Reginald
Dame
Flora MacLeod of MacLeod

categories: People educated at Harrow School,1839 births,Lords of Parliament in the Jacobite peerage,Clan MacLeod Chiefs,74th Highlanders officers,1929 deaths

paragraph: Norman Magnus MacLeod of MacLeod

paragraph: Norman Magnus MacLeod of MacLeod, (27 July 1839 – 5 November 1929) was the 26th chief of "Clan MacLeod".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Norman Magnus MacLeod of MacLeod was born on 27 July 1839. He was the eldest son of Norman MacLeod of MacLeod (1812–1898), 25th chief of Clan MacLeod and his wife Louisa Barbara St John (1818–1880), only daughter of the 14th Baron St John of Bletso. He was educated at Harrow and in 1858, at the age of 19, was commissioned into the 74th Highlanders, immediately joining the regiment in India. He served as aide de camp to General Sir Hope Grant, Commander in Chief in the Presidency of Madras from 1862 to 1865. He retired from the 74th Highlanders as a Captain in 1872.

paragraph: In 1878, MacLeod of MacLeod was appointed as Political Agent on the Transvaal border at the outbreak of the Zulu War. In 1879, he commanded a Swazi army of, reportedly, 8,000, plus an undetermined number of British officers and (presumably) NCOs, against the Pedis. The Swazi army decisively defeated the Pedis at the Battle of Wulu.

paragraph: MacLeod of MacLeod returned home in 1880 and, upon the death of his father in 1885, succeeded as the 26th Chief of MacLeod.

paragraph: In 1881, MacLeod of MacLeod married Emily Caroline, daughter of Sir Charles Isham, 10th Baronet. They had two daughters, Margaret Louisa and Emily Pauline. He died on 5 November 1929.

paragraph: The MacLeod #4 tartan, commonly known as Macleod hunting tartan, was approved by MacLeod of Macleod in 1910.

paragraph: Section::::Succession of the chiefship after his death.

paragraph: As MacLeod of MacLeod had no sons, he was succeeded as clan chief by his younger brother Sir Reginald, the 27th Chief. Sir Reginald had no sons and a further brother's only son had been killed in action in 1915. As there were, therefore, no immediate male heirs, Sir Reginald was succeeded by his eldest daughter Dame Flora MacLeod of MacLeod (1878–1976), 28th chief and first female chief of the clan

description: Chief of the Scottish Clan MacLeod

wikidata_label: Norman Magnus MacLeod

wikipedia_title: Norman Magnus MacLeod of MacLeod


text:
condottiero
Malatesta family
Brescia
Pandolfo III Malatesta
Carlo Malatesta
Cesena
Galeotto Roberto
Sigismondo Pandolfo
Pesaro
Fano
Emperor Sigismund
Bertinoro
Meldola
Sarsina
Roncofreddo
Cervia
Violante da Montefeltro
Rocca Malatestiana
Biblioteca Malatestiana
History of Cesena

categories: Condottieri,People from Brescia,1418 births,House of Malatesta,1456 deaths

paragraph: Malatesta Novello

paragraph: Domenico Malatesta, best known as Malatesta Novello (5 August 1418 – 20 November 1465) was an Italian condottiero, a member of the Malatesta family.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born at Brescia, the son of Pandolfo III Malatesta and Antonia da Barignano. In 1429, after the death of his uncle Carlo Malatesta, he became lord of Cesena, at the age of 11, together with his brothers Galeotto Roberto (the only one of age, although he died in 1432) and Sigismondo Pandolfo. Two years later, he suppressed several riots in the city spurred by the Malatesta of Pesaro; the people turned against the leader, and hailed him and his brother Sigismondo Pandolfo as lords. Also, in 1431, he quelled a revolt in Fano.

paragraph: In 1433, the year since which he reigned alone in Cesena, he was created Imperial Knight by the Emperor Sigismund. Therefore, he abandoned the name Domenico to be called Malatesta Novello. At the time his lands included Cesena, Bertinoro, Meldola, Sarsina, Roncofreddo and the Piviero di Sestino. He also received Cervia by Sigismondo Pandolfo, building there important fortifications.

paragraph: In 1434, when he was 16, he married Violante da Montefeltro, then four. The two lived separated, joining only on her twelfth birthday (1442).

paragraph: Aside from his military deeds, Malatesta Novello is celebrated for his large building programs in Cesena, such as the Convent di S. Maria (1438), the strengthening of the Rocca Malatestiana and enlargement of the city walls (1441); in 1452 he founded the Biblioteca Malatestiana, the first public library in Europe. He also built public works such as bridges, tunnels and dams.

paragraph: He died in Cesena in 1465. His death marked the end of the Malatesta seigniory in Cesena.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Cesena

paragraph: br

description: Italian condottiero

wikidata_label: Malatesta Novello

wikipedia_title: Malatesta Novello


text:
Art Deco
Sydney
Christian Brothers' College, Waverley
Sydney Technical College
Leslie Wilkinson
University of Sydney
art deco
Hyde Park, Sydney
Art Deco
Rayner Hoff
Moderne
Rayner Hoff
First Australian Imperial Force
Taylor Square
Queensland
Hornsby

wikipedia_title:
Art Deco
Sydney
Waverley College
Sydney Technical College
Leslie Wilkinson
University of Sydney
Art Deco
Hyde Park, Sydney
Art Deco
Rayner Hoff
Streamline Moderne
Rayner Hoff
First Australian Imperial Force
Taylor Square, Sydney
Queensland
Hornsby, New South Wales

paragraph: Bruce Dellit

paragraph: Charles Bruce Dellit (7 November 1898 – 21 August 1942) was an Australian architect who pioneered the Art Deco style in Australia. He was generally known as Bruce Dellit.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Dellit was born on 7 November 1898 in Darlington, Sydney Australia. He was the son of Albert Dellit, a furniture manufacturer and Agnes Gertrude Mack. His full siblings were Albert Cormack, Leo Harold and Ena May. As a child, he attended Christian Brothers' College, Waverley. After leaving school, Dellit gained employment with the architect John L. Berry and at 16 he enrolled at the Sydney Technical College From 1919, Dellit studied architecture under Professor Leslie Wilkinson at the University of Sydney for one day a week.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: From 1918 Dellit worked for Hall & Prentice in Queensland and, after returning to Sydney, joined "Spain & Cosh" in 1922. He set up his own practice in 1928.

paragraph: Dellit is most noted for his design of the art deco ANZAC War Memorial in Hyde Park, Sydney, built to commemorate all who fought in the First World War. Dellit won the project in a design competition that attracted over 100 entries. He introduced the new fashion for Art Deco (more familiar for entertainment buildings) devoid of any classical details and adding a stepped roof. Dellit engaged the sculptor, Rayner Hoff, to create the statues and bas-reliefs for the monument.

paragraph: Dellit continued to complete several commercial and residential buildings during the 1930s.

paragraph: Section::::Notable Works.

paragraph: Section::::Notable Works.:"Kyle House".

paragraph: After beginning his private practice in 1928, Dellit's first major project was Kyle House in Macquarie Place, Sydney. The building, notable for its strong vertical lines and dominating ground floor arch, is considered among the earliest examples of Sydney commercial architecture embracing the Inter-War Art Deco style.

paragraph: Section::::Notable Works.:"ANZAC War Memorial".

paragraph: Dellit's ANZAC War Memorial, within Hyde Park Sydney, is considered to be the "epitome" of pairing of the symmetrical classicism of the Moderne style architecture with Art Deco, decorative embellishments. Dellit's "masterpiece" is complemented by Rayner Hoff's Art Deco sculptures and reliefs depicting the men of the First Australian Imperial Force.

paragraph: Section::::Notable Works.:"Kinselas Funeral Chapel".

paragraph: Built in 1910 at the present location of Taylor Square Darlinghurst. The original building was converted into an Art Deco style by Dellit after being purchased by funeral director Charles Kinsela in 1932. The building, which is now used as a bar, contains the work of Rayner Hoff and is considered among the best examples of Art Deco "funerary spaces" in Sydney.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Dellit married Victoria Clara Millar on 15 October 1921 in Queensland. Children of the marriage were Portia, Albert Victor (known as Victor) and Deirdre. Victor was also a prominent architect.

paragraph: In 1942 Dellit died from cancer in Hornsby near Sydney, NSW.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brief biography (Sydney Architecture)

alias:
Cedric Bruce Dellit
Charles Bruce Dellit

description: Australian architect

wikidata_label: Bruce Dellit

wikipedia_title: Bruce Dellit


text:
condottiero
count of Urbino
Urbino
Nolfo da Montefeltro
Federico II da Montefeltro
Cagli
Visconti Family
Gubbio
Benedict IX
Malatesta
Sassoferrato
Cantiano
Guidantonio
Faenza
Battista
Galeazzo Malatesta

categories: People from Urbino,Montefeltro family,1404 deaths,1348 births

paragraph: Antonio II da Montefeltro

paragraph: Antonio II da Montefeltro (1348–1404) was an Italian condottiero and count of Urbino.

paragraph: Born at Urbino, he was a grandson to count Nolfo da Montefeltro and the son to Federico II da Montefeltro. He occupied Urbino in 1375 and also owned Cagli. He allied himself with Florence and the Visconti Family in Milan. After Gabrielli of Gubbio unsuccessfully plotted against him, he obtained the lordship of that city, being confirmed as its Papal vicar by Benedict IX.

paragraph: In 1391, while warring against the Malatesta, Antonio captured the castle of Sassoferrato and Cantiano. He had his son Guidantonio married with Ringarda Malatesta and her daughter Gentile to the lord of Faenza. He died in 1404, after fleeing Urbino during a plague.

paragraph: Antonio's daughter Battista married Galeazzo Malatesta in 1405.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: br

description: Italian condottieri and count of Urbino, 1348–1404

wikidata_label: Antonio II da Montefeltro

wikipedia_title: Antonio II da Montefeltro


text:
Johanna van Gogh-Bonger
Theo van Gogh
Vincent van Gogh
Amsterdam
Odilon Redon
Paul Cézanne
Émile Bernard
Zorgvlied cemetery

categories: Van Gogh family,Artists from Amsterdam,1861 births,1936 deaths

paragraph: Andries Bonger

paragraph: Andries Bonger (20 May 1861 – 20 January 1936), nicknamed "Dries", was Johanna van Gogh-Bonger's favorite brother. Bonger was a friend of his future brother-in-law Theo van Gogh in Paris. It was through Andries that Johanna and Theo met. He also knew Vincent van Gogh who called him André in letters.

paragraph: In a letter that Bonger wrote to his parents on March 31, 1885, he describes [Theo] van Gogh as having received unexpected news the prior week that his father had died due to a "stroke of apoplexy" after having received a letter the previous day that he was in perfect health. He mentioned that Van Gogh was not very strong, and so this was a very melancholy circumstance. In several letters over the remainder of the year, Bonger comments on a growing appreciation for and friendship with Theo.

paragraph: Vincent van Gogh arrived in Paris in 1886 which meant that Bonger saw less of Theo. Bonger expressed his concern that Vincent van Gogh was harsh with his brother Theo, who had begun to look haggard. Theo met Bonger's parents during a visit to the Netherlands about August, 1886.

paragraph: Bonger went into the insurance business later in Amsterdam. He was an intimate friend of Bertrand-Jean Redon, better known as artist Odilon Redon, and owned a large collection of his works. His collection also included works by Van Gogh, Paul Cézanne and Émile Bernard, whom he knew well. He is buried at Zorgvlied cemetery.

alias:
Dries Bonger
André Bonger
Andre Bonger

description: Dutch artist

wikidata_label: Andries Bonger

wikipedia_title: Andries Bonger


text:
Blessed
Italian
Roman Catholic
priest
Order of Preachers
Pope Leo XII
Catania
Order of Preachers
Saint Dominic
Passion of Christ
spiritual director
convent
Palermo
Sicilian
Pope Leo XII
Saints SQPN

categories: Italian beatified people,Dominican beatified people,Venerated Catholics,15th-century Italian people,1487 deaths,15th-century Roman Catholics,Italian Dominicans,Beatifications by Pope Leo XII,Members of the Dominican Order,People from Catania,Italian Roman Catholics,1430 births,15th-century venerated Christians

paragraph: Bernardo Scammacca

paragraph: Blessed Bernardo Scammacca (1430 - 11 January 1487) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest from the Order of Preachers after leading a dissolute life; his conversion after a sustaining a wound from a duel led him down the path towards a religious life. He became a noted prophet and spent hours in the confessional.

paragraph: Scammacca was beatified on 8 March 1825 after Pope Leo XII confirmed his 'cultus' (or local devotion).

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Bernardo Scammacca was born in 1430 in Catania to upper-class and pious parents.

paragraph: Scammacca was well-educated in his childhood. Despite his education he spent his adolescence as a wild and dissolute man and during one such revel he received a leg wound in a duel with a man with whom he had quarreled. His subsequent convalescence provided him with adequate time to reflect on what had happened as well as the course his life had taken. This made him realize that he was heading in the wrong direction and needed urgent changes. His healing over time renewed his links to his faith; he approached the Order of Preachers in 1452 in Catania and begged to be admitted into their ranks.

paragraph: Scammacca became known for his range of charitable works and for his life of repentance for the life he had led, as well as for his strict adherence to the rule of Saint Dominic. He fostered a particular devotion to the Passion of Christ, which sometimes led him into ecstasies. He founded a hospital for the poor, which still exists. He also liked to spend time in the confessional and work as a spiritual director. He had the gift of being a prophet and used that gift to warn others to change their lives. He also prophesied the date of his own death.

paragraph: Scammacca was named the prior of the convent of Saint Dominic in Catania and later named as the prior of the convent in Palermo. He was also made the vicar general of the reformed Sicilian convents.

paragraph: It was often said that when he walked in his convent's garden the birds would come and sing to him, but would stop at once when he stopped to reflect. On one occasion a porter was sent to his room to fetch him, and the man saw a bright light under a door. He peeked in to see a child shining with light holding a book that Scammacca was reading from.

paragraph: Scammacca died in 1487 in Catania. In 1502 it was said that he appeared in a vision to the prior of his convent and asked that his incorrupt remains be relocated the house's chapel. During the translation a man was cured of his paralysis after he touched Scammacca's relics.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification.

paragraph: Scammacca was beatified on 8 March 1825 after Pope Leo XII confirmed his 'cultus' (or popular devotion).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saints SQPN

wikidata_label: Bernardo Scammacca

wikipedia_title: Bernardo Scammacca


text: Belgian

text: road bicycle racer

text: Waregem

text: E3 Prijs Vlaanderen

text: Rund um den Henninger-Turm

text: Vuelta a España

text: Rik Van Looy

categories: People from Waregem,Belgian male cyclists,Sportspeople from West Flanders,1931 births,2012 deaths,Belgian Vuelta a España stage winners,Tour de France cyclists,Vuelta a España cyclists

paragraph: Armand Desmet

paragraph: Armand Desmet (23 January 1931 – 17 November 2012) was a Belgian professional road bicycle racer.

paragraph: Desmet was born in Waregem, and competed professionally between 1955 and 1967. He was the first winner of the E3 Prijs Vlaanderen and Rund um den Henninger-Turm. In the Vuelta a España, Desmet finished 2nd place after leading the general classification for several days. Desmet rode with the Faema team between 1961 and 1963) and Solo Superia between 1964 and 1966) and was part of the "red guard" of Rik Van Looy.

paragraph: Section::::Major results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Tour de France results for Armand Desmet

description: Belgian professional road bicycle racer

wikidata_label: Armand Desmet

wikipedia_title: Armand Desmet


href: Germans photographer Brazil

text: German photographer Brazil

categories: German photographers,Year of death missing,Brazilian people of German descent,Year of birth missing

paragraph: Carlos Hoenen

paragraph: Carlos Hoenen was a German photographer who lived in Brazil during the 19th century. Little is known about his biography, only that he kept an atelier of photography in São Paulo called "Photographia Allemã" ("German Photography"). Inaugurated in 1875, it remained active during ten years, a period in which it is presumed that he took more than nine thousand photos.

description: German photographer

wikidata_label: Carlos Hoenen

wikipedia_title: Carlos Hoenen


text:
courtesy name
Yuan dynasty
Zhu Yuanzhang
The Unofficial History of the Scholars
Zhuji
Zhejiang
jinshi
Nanjing
Suzhou
plum
bamboo
sobriquet
Beijing
Kuaiji Mountains
Zhu Yuanzhang
Mongol
The New York Times
autobiography
protagonist
Unofficial History of the Scholars
Wu Jingzi
Ming dynasty
Okada Hankō
Yale University
The New York Times
Surrealism
Caspar David Friedrich
Wang Mian's Plum Paintings
Sung and Yuan paintings

categories: 1287 births,1359 deaths,Painters from Zhejiang,Yuan dynasty painters,People from Zhuji,Chinese seal artists

paragraph: Wang Mian

paragraph: Wang Mian (; 1287–1359), courtesy name Yuanzhang (), also known as Zhushi Shannong, was a Chinese painter and poet active during the Yuan dynasty. Initially aspiring to be a government official, Wang later earned considerable recognition as an artist who specialised in plum blossom paintings. Falling out of the public eye in his later years, Wang had a short stint as military adviser to Zhu Yuanzhang. Wang makes an appearance in the fictitious eighteenth-century novel "The Unofficial History of the Scholars".

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Wang Mian was born in 1287 in Zhuji, Zhejiang. His father was a peasant, but Wang did not wish to follow in his footsteps, and strove to attain a better life. Wang failed to earn a "jinshi" degree despite having prepared for the imperial examinations. Subsequently, he started practising the "ancient military arts", but this proved to be a similarly fruitless venture. Rejecting numerous job offers in the governmental sector, Wang Mian became a "scholar-in-retirement" bar a short stint as a teacher. Thereafter, Wang began a career as a freelance artist in places like Nanjing and Suzhou, specialising in plum and bamboo paintings that would be accompanied by Wang's poetry. To Wang, plum blossoms "metaphorised his lonely stand in a barbarian-ruled world". He had several sobriquets, including "Zhushi Shannong" (煮石山農).

paragraph: Wang's reputation as a painter and poet grew, and he was hosted by the Yuan Court's Chief Secretary in Beijing. Following years of traversing China, Wang returned to his hometown in Zhejiang Province, and built a "Plum Blossom Retreat", which had some one thousand plum trees planted around it, at the Kuaiji Mountains, where "(h)e wore old clothes and became known as a mild eccentric". In 1359, in the midst of Zhu Yuanzhang campaign against the Mongols, Wang acted as a military adviser to Zhu's army, albeit an unsuccessful one, as evidenced by the failure of Wang's plan to seize Shaoxing. Wang died in the same year.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: According to "The New York Times", Wang Mian was one of the earliest artists to write poetry on their artworks. In addition, he was "one of the most distinguished practitioners of the "reverse-saturation" technique". In his lifetime, Wang penned an autobiography titled "Mr Plum Blossom's Autobiography", in which he describes himself as "aloof and noble by temperament, hating to mix with the wealthy and powerful, and defending myself in bitterness and agony". After his death, Wang Mian became a "romantic, semilegendary figure". He is the protagonist of the eighteenth-century Chinese novel "Unofficial History of the Scholars" by Wu Jingzi. In "Unofficial History of the Scholars", Wang's story is heavily dramatised, and his disillusionment with the private sector is attributed not to his failures at the examinations, but his realising "the empty vanity of officialdom". He is also anachronistically written to have become "an anonymous recluse in the mountains" shortly after the establishment of the Ming dynasty by Zhu Yuanzhang. Liu Shiru, who was also from Shaoxing and a respected painter in his own right who published his own plum painting manual, was said to have to been "engrossed" with Wang Mian's works; he "practiced without eating or sleeping" to reach Wang's standards. Okada Hankō wrote a poem referencing Wang Mian to complement his 1838 painting "Village Among Plum Trees".

paragraph: Wang's painting "Prunus in Moonlight" was displayed at the June 1985 "Bones of Jade, Soul of Ice" exhibition at the Yale University Art Gallery. "The New York Times" commented that the moon and the flowering plum tree in "Prunus in Moonlight" "play out the kind of male-female, mind-body, moon-earth drama that is not unfamiliar in 20th-century Western art, particularly after Surrealism", going further to compare Wang with Caspar David Friedrich. In his 1976 book "Hills Beyond a River", James Cahill exalts Wang Mian as the "most famous of Yuan plum painters". However, art historian Maggie Bickford labels Wang Mian's art as "plain" and "ambitious" in her 1997 book "Ink Plum".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wang Mian's Plum Paintings at China Online Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sung and Yuan paintings, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Wang Mian (see list of paintings)

description: Chinese artist

wikidata_label: Wang Mian

wikipedia_title: Wang Mian


text:
Chinese
landscape painter
Yuan Dynasty
Hangzhou
Zhejiang
style name
pseudonym
Guo Xi
bird-and-flower painting
Zhao Mengfu

categories: Yuan dynasty landscape painters,Year of birth unknown,Year of death unknown,Painters from Zhejiang,Artists from Hangzhou

paragraph: Wang Yuan (painter)

paragraph: Wang Yuan (); was a Chinese landscape painter during the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368). His specific dates of birth and death are not known.

paragraph: Wang was born in Qian Tang (钱塘, modern day Hangzhou in the Zhejiang province). His style name was 'Ruoshui' (若水) and his pseudonym was 'Danxuan' (澹轩). Wang imitated Guo Xi for landscapes, Huang Quan for bird-and-flower paintings, and Tang Ren for human figures. He trained under Zhao Mengfu with most of his works dating around 1340. He utilized a minute and brilliant style in all his works.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barnhart, R. M. et al. (1997). Three thousand years of Chinese painting. New Haven, Yale University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ci hai bian ji wei yuan hui (辞海编辑委员会）. Ci hai （辞海）. Shanghai: Shanghai ci shu chu ban she （上海辞书出版社）, 1979.

alias: Ruoshui Danxuan

description: Chinese painter

wikidata_label: Wang Yuan

wikipedia_title: Wang Yuan (painter)


text:
Chinese
Southern Song
Yuan
Ji'an
Jiangxi
courtesy name

categories: Song dynasty painters,Year of birth unknown,People from Ji'an,Buddhist artists,Year of death unknown,Painters from Jiangxi,Yuan dynasty painters

paragraph: Yan Hui (painter)

paragraph: Yan Hui (); was a late 13th-century Chinese painter who lived during the Southern Song and early Yuan dynasties. His specific dates of birth and death are not known. His exquisite brushstrokes were highly regarded.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Yan Hui was born in Ji'an, Jiangxi province. His courtesy name was Qiuyue (秋月; lit. "autumn moon"). Yan primarily painted human, Buddhist, and ghost figures. His style incorporated profound brush strokes with special composition.

paragraph: Section::::Notable works of Yan Hui.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 中山出猎图 ("Zhongshan goes hunting")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 李仙像 ("Li Xianxiang")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 戏猿图 ("Plays the Ape")

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: Chinese painter

wikidata_label: Yan Hui

wikipedia_title: Yan Hui (painter)


text:
Italian
condottiero
Gubbio
Guelph
family
Podestà
Tuscany
Umbria
Florence
Pistoia
Siena
Lucca
Orvieto
lord
Cantiano
Pope
John XXII
Commander-in-Chief
Ghibellines
Assisi
Urbino
Italy
Dante Alighieri
Rubicante
Malebranche
barratry
Divine Comedy
Frederic Leighton
Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery
Palazzo di Cante dei Gabrielli
Gubbio

categories: Condottieri,1260s births,1330s deaths,People from Gubbio,Italian untitled nobility

paragraph: Cante dei Gabrielli

paragraph: Cante dei Gabrielli di Gubbio (c. 1260 – c. 1335) was an Italian nobleman and condottiero.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Cante was born in Gubbio to a powerful Guelph feudal family. He held several high offices as Podestà in a number of cities in Tuscany and Umbria (Florence, Pistoia, Siena, Lucca, Orvieto) and was lord of Gubbio, Cantiano and other castles. In 1317 he was appointed by Pope John XXII as Commander-in-Chief of the Church's army, at the head of which he defeated the Ghibellines at Assisi and Urbino, thus re-establishing the Pope's supremacy in central Italy.

paragraph: He is mostly famous for having exiled from Florence Dante Alighieri, the famous poet, while serving as Podestà of that city (1301–1302). Dante took vengeance on him by giving Cante's disguised name to Rubicante, one of the Malebranche demons the poet encounters in the bolgia of barratry, as described in his masterwork the "Divine Comedy".

paragraph: Frederic Leighton was reportedly inspired by Cante dei Gabrielli's life when he painted his "Condottiere" (1871-1872), today at the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Palazzo di Cante dei Gabrielli at Gubbio

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daniel E. Bornstein. "Dino Compagni's Chronicle of Florence". Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvanya Press, 1986

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Caldecot Chubb. "Dante and his world". Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company, 1966

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Anderson. "Dante the maker". Brooklyn, NY: S4N Books, 2010

alias:
Cante Gabrielli
Cante de' Gabrielli da Gubbio

description: Italian condottiero

wikidata_label: Cante de' Gabrielli

wikipedia_title: Cante dei Gabrielli


text:
Turnham Green
Hammersmith
Leighton Buzzard
Haydon
Thomas Clarkson
William Knibb
Daniel O'Connell
Thomas Fowell Buxton
Richard Tapper Cadbury
Brackley

categories: English Baptist ministers,1799 births,1876 deaths,19th-century Baptist ministers,English abolitionists

paragraph: Edward Adey

paragraph: Reverend Edward Adey (1799 - 1876) was a Baptist minister and abolitionist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Edward Adey was born on 31 March 1799 in Turnham Green, but was christened in Hammersmith the following month. He was the second child and son of Daniel and Catherine Adey. Coming from a religious family he eventually trained at Newport Pagnall, like his elder brother, John, as a minister before taking up a position in the Baptist church. His first appointment was in Leighton Buzzard, a job he held for 25 years and the place where he would eventually be buried.

paragraph: Adey took charge of the congregation of baptists at Lake Street in 1828 who came from an older congregation who had been meeting since 1775. In 1832 there was a split in the church as some objected to the pastor. A new stricter chapel was formed that did not allow the open communion that was practised at Lake Street. Today the chapel, or its 1864 replacement for 500 people, no longer stands, but it is recognised in the name of the "Chapel Mews" that are now on that site.

paragraph: Adey was an active member of the Anti-Slavery Society advising on such matters as how to free those slaves who were held in the Danish colonies. He was known to William Wilberforce and he is one of the people chosen to appear in Haydon's picture of the 1840 Anti-slavery convention where the aged Thomas Clarkson is shown addressing the first international convention on anti-slavery.

paragraph: One of the people who Adey preached with on a tour of the south Midlands was William Knibb, a Jamaican missionary. Knibb also attended the 1840 Anti-Slavery convention.

paragraph: Many notable people are in this painting including Lady Byron, Daniel O'Connell, Thomas Fowell Buxton and Richard Tapper Cadbury )who was just behind Adey in the painting).

paragraph: In 1863, Adey was instrumental in forming a Baptist church in Brackley in Northamptonshire.

paragraph: Adey married Mary Linnell in 1835 and had four children although one died young. He died in Leighton Buzzard on 28 April 1876.

description: Baptist minister

wikidata_label: Edward Adey

wikipedia_title: Edward Adey