text:
tsarevich
series of pretenders
Ivan the Terrible
Ivan the Terrible
Maria Nagaya
Ivan IV
Feodor I
brother-in-law
boyar
Boris Godunov
throne
appanage
Uglich
stab
Boris Godunov
assassins
Nikolai Karamzin
Sergei Soloviev
Vasily Klyuchevsky
canon law
Russian Orthodox Church
throat
epileptic seizure
Mikhail Pogodin
Sergei Platonov
Ruslan Skrynnikov
svaika
tychku
Konstantin Bestuzhev-Ryumin
Ivan Belyaev
assassinate
impostor
Polish
nobility
False Dmitry I
II
III
False Dmitry I
Uglich
Maria Nagaya
lynch
Vasily Shuisky
tonsure
nun
convent
Godunov
Moscow
Russian Orthodox Church
Soviet historians
Shuisky
accident
Aleksandr Pushkin
Boris Godunov
opera
Modest Mussorgsky
False Dmitriy I
False Dmitriy II
False Dmitriy III
Sergey Platonov
Ruslan Skrynnikov

categories: Russian saints,1591 deaths,16th-century Christian saints,Russian tsarevich,1582 births,Unsolved murders in the Russian Empire,Passion bearers,Russian Orthodox child saints,Russian children,16th-century Russian people

paragraph: Dmitry of Uglich

paragraph: Tsarevich Dmitry or Dmitri Ivanovich (; 19 October 1582 – 15 May 1591), also known as Dmitry of Uglich (, "Uglichskii") or Dmitry of Moscow (, "Moskovskii"), was a Russian tsarevich famously impersonated by a series of pretenders after the death of his father Ivan the Terrible.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Dmitry was the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible and Ivan's only child born to Maria Nagaya. After the death of Ivan IV, Dmitry's older brother, Feodor I, ascended to power. However, the actual ruler of the Russian state was Feodor's brother-in-law, a boyar, Boris Godunov, who had had a claim on the Russian throne. According to a later widespread version, Godunov wanted to get rid of Dmitry, who could have succeeded the throne in light of Feodor's childlessness. In 1584, Godunov sent Dmitry, his mother and her brothers into exile to the Tsarevich's appanage city of Uglich. On 15 May 1591, Dmitry died from a stab wound, under mysterious circumstances.

paragraph: Section::::Accident or murder?

paragraph: Russian chroniclers and later historians offered two possible scenarios of what could have happened to Dmitry. The first theory is that Dmitry was killed by the order of Boris Godunov, the assassins making it look like an accident (this version was supported by the prominent 19th-century historians Nikolai Karamzin, Sergei Soloviev, Vasily Klyuchevsky and others). The critics of this version point out that Dmitry was Ivan's son from his "fifth" (or "seventh") marriage, and thus illegitimate by the canon law (a maximum of three marriages are allowed in the Russian Orthodox Church). This would make any claim of Dmitry's for the throne dubious at best.

paragraph: The second theory is that Dmitry stabbed himself in the throat during an epileptic seizure, while playing with a knife (this version was supported by historians Mikhail Pogodin, Sergei Platonov, V. K. Klein, Ruslan Skrynnikov and others). The detractors of this scenario assert that, since during an epileptic seizure the palms are wide open, the self-infliction of a fatal wound becomes highly unlikely. However, the official investigation, done at that time, asserted that the Tsarevich's seizure came while he was playing a svaika game or with a knife ("v tychku") and thus holding the knife by the blade, turned toward himself. With the knife in that position, the version of self-inflicted wound on the neck while falling forward during seizure appears more likely.

paragraph: There is also a third version of Dmitry's fate, which found support with some earlier historians, such as Konstantin Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Ivan Belyaev and others. They considered it possible that Godunov's people had tried to assassinate Dmitry, but killed somebody else instead and he managed to escape. This scenario explains the appearance of impostors, sponsored by the Polish nobility (see False Dmitry I, II, III). Most modern Russian historians, however, consider the version of Dmitry's survival improbable, since it is hardly possible that the boy's appearance was unknown to his assassins. Also, it is well known that many Polish nobles who supported False Dmitry I did not believe his story themselves.

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: The death of the Tsarevich roused a violent riot in Uglich, instigated by the loud claims of Dmitry's mother Maria Nagaya and her brother Mikhail that Dmitry was murdered. Hearing this, enraged citizens lynched fifteen of Dmitry's supposed "assassins", including the local representative of the Moscow government ("dyak") and one of Dmitry's playmates. The subsequent official investigation, led by Vasily Shuisky, after a thorough examination of witnesses, concluded the Tsarevich had died from a self-inflicted stab wound to the throat. Following the official investigation, Maria Nagaya was forcibly tonsured as a nun and exiled to a remote convent.

paragraph: However, when the political circumstances changed, Shuisky retracted his earlier claim of accidental death and asserted that Dmitry was murdered on Godunov's orders. On 3 June 1606, Dmitry's remains were transferred from Uglich to Moscow and his cult soon developed. In the calendar of the Russian Orthodox Church, he is venerated as a "Saint Pious Tsarevitch", with feast days of 19 October, 15 May and 3 June. In the 20th century, the majority of Russian and Soviet historians have given more credit to the conclusions of the first official investigation report under Shuisky, which ruled Dmitry's death to be an accident.

paragraph: Section::::Cultural references.

paragraph: The story of murder is presumed in Aleksandr Pushkin's play "Boris Godunov", made into an opera by Modest Mussorgsky.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- False Dmitriy I

paragraph: BULLET::::- False Dmitriy II

paragraph: BULLET::::- False Dmitriy III

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sergey Platonov. "Очерки по истории смуты в Московском государстве XVI-XVII вв." Moscow, 1937.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ruslan Skrynnikov. "Лихолетье. Москва в XVI-XVII веках". Moscow, 1988.

description: Russian tsarevich

wikidata_label: Dmitry of Uglich

wikipedia_title: Dmitry of Uglich


text: Seleucid Empire

text: Demetrius Poliorcetes

text: Phila

text: Antipater

text: Seleucus

text: Syria

text: Pierian

text: Macedon

text: Phila

text: Antiochus

text: Stratonikeia

text: Caria

text: Phila

text: Antigonus II Gonatas

text: Apama II

text: Magas of Cyrene

text: Berenice II of Egypt

text: Stratonice

text: Demetrius II Aetolicus

text: Antiochus II Theos

text: Smith, William

text: "Stratonice (3)"

text: Boston

categories: Ancient Pieria,4th-century BC births,3rd-century BC deaths,Seleucid royal consorts,4th-century BC women,3rd-century BC women

paragraph: Stratonice of Syria

paragraph: Stratonice () of Syria (c. 317 BC - c. 268 BC) was Queen of the Seleucid Empire from 300 BC until 294 BC and from 281 BC until 268 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Stratonice of Syria was the daughter of king Demetrius Poliorcetes and Phila, the daughter of Antipater. In 300 BC, at which time she could not have been more than seventeen years of age, her hand in marriage was sought by Seleucus, king of Syria. She was accompanied by her father Demetrius to Rhosus (on the Pierian coast in Macedonia) where the nuptials were celebrated. Notwithstanding the disparity of their ages, she appears to have lived in perfect harmony with the old king for some years. Seleucus and Stratonice had one child, a daughter Phila, when it was discovered that her stepson Antiochus was deeply enamoured of her.

paragraph: In order to save the life of his son (which was supposedly endangered by the violence of his passion), Seleucus gave up Stratonice in marriage to him in 294 BC. At the same time Seleucus announced that Antiochus would be king of the eastern provinces. It is believed that the union, which produced five children, was a prosperous one. Antiochus named the city of Stratonikeia in Caria after Stratonice.

paragraph: Section::::Stratonice's children.

paragraph: By Seleucus I Nicator:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phila, who later married her uncle Antigonus II Gonatas.

paragraph: By Antiochus I Soter:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seleucus, who was executed for rebellion.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laodice

paragraph: BULLET::::- Apama II, who married Magas of Cyrene and was mother of Berenice II of Egypt.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stratonice, who married her nephew/cousin Demetrius II Aetolicus (Phila's son by Antigonus II).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antiochus II Theos, who succeeded his father as king.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, William (editor); "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology", "Stratonice (3)", Boston, (1867)

description: Ancient Macedonian queen consort

wikidata_label: Stratonice of Syria

wikipedia_title: Stratonice of Syria


text: Welsh

text: Spain

text: France

text: Alsace

text: Switzerland

text: Free Company

text: English

text: Hundred Years' War

text: Llywelyn the Great

text: Prince of Gwynedd

text: Wales

text: Llywelyn the Last

text: Dafydd ap Gruffudd

text: fealty

text: Gwenllian ferch Llywelyn

text: nunnery

text: Sempringham

text: Bristol Castle

text: Rhodri ap Gruffydd

text: Surrey

text: manor

text: Tatsfield

text: Froissart

text: Battle of Poitiers

text: Treaty of Brétigny

text: Ednyfed Fychan

text: Rhys ap Robert

text: Bertrand du Guesclin

text: Charles V of France

text: Edward I

text: Scotland

text: Crecy

text: Norman

text: Harfleur

text: Guernsey

text: Castile

text: La Rochelle

text: Sir Thomas Percy

text: Jean de Grailly

text: Captal de Buch

text: John of Gaunt

text: Enguerrand de Coucy

text: Gugler War

text: Bern

text: Mortagne-sur-Gironde

text: Poitou

text: Owain ap Gruffudd of Glyndyfrdwy

text: Cardiganshire

text: Betws Bledrws

text: London

text: Aberllefenni

text: Gwynedd

text: Aragon

categories: House of Gwynedd,14th-century Welsh people,Welsh princes,House of Aberffraw,Monarchs of Gwynedd,1330s births,14th-century Welsh monarchs,1378 deaths,Welsh mercenaries,People of the Hundred Years' War

paragraph: Owain Lawgoch

paragraph: Owain Lawgoch (, ), full name Owain ap Thomas ap Rhodri ( – July 1378), was a Welsh soldier who served in Spain, France, Alsace, and Switzerland. He led a Free Company fighting for the French against the English in the Hundred Years' War. As the last politically active descendant of Llywelyn the Great in the male line, he was a claimant to the title of Prince of Gwynedd and of Wales.

paragraph: Section::::Genealogy.

paragraph: Following the death of Llywelyn the Last in 1282 and the execution of his brother and successor Dafydd ap Gruffudd in 1283, Gwynedd paid fealty to and accepted English rule. Llywelyn's daughter Gwenllian ferch Llywelyn was committed to a nunnery at Sempringham, while the sons of Dafydd were kept in Bristol Castle until their deaths. Another of Llywelyn's brothers, Rhodri ap Gruffydd, renounced his rights in Gwynedd and spent much of his life in England as a royal pensioner. His son Thomas inherited lands in England in Surrey, Cheshire and Gloucestershire.

paragraph: Rhodri was content to end his life as a country gentleman in England, and though his son Thomas ap Rhodri used the four lions of Gwynedd on his seal he made no attempt to win his inheritance. Owain, his only son, was born in Surrey, where his grandfather had acquired the manor of Tatsfield. Tatsfield, a small village only 17 miles from the centre of London, still has Welsh place names e.g. Maesmawr Road (trans: Great Field Road). Thomas died in 1363 and Owain returned from abroad to claim his patrimony in 1365. Owain Lawgoch was in French service by 1369 and his lands in Wales and England were confiscated.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: The year in which Owain entered the service of the king of France is uncertain. Froissart claims that he fought on the French side at the Battle of Poitiers, but there is no other evidence to support this. He was however deprived of his English lands in 1369, suggesting he was in the service of the French as leader of a Free Company when the period of truce between France and England following the Treaty of Brétigny ended and hostilities resumed in 1369. His French name was Yvain de Galles (Owen of Wales).

paragraph: Owain's company consisted largely of Welshmen, many of whom remained in French service for many years. The second in command of this company was Ieuan Wyn, known to the French as "le Poursuivant d'Amour", a descendant of Ednyfed Fychan, Seneschal of Gwynedd under Owain's ancestors. Owain also received financial support while in France from Ieuan Wyn's father, Rhys ap Robert. While in French service Owain had good relations with Bertrand du Guesclin and others and gained the support of Charles V of France.

paragraph: Welsh soldiery and longbowmen who had fought for Edward I in his campaigns in North Wales remained armed and sold their services to Norman kings in their battles in Scotland and at Crecy and Poitiers. Ironically, the Norman attempt to conquer Wales set in train events which reignited Welsh identity and raised up new Welsh military leaders such as Owain claiming descent from the ancient Princes of Wales.

paragraph: In May 1372 in Paris, Owain announced that he intended to claim the throne of Wales. He set sail from Harfleur with money borrowed from Charles V. Owain first attacked the island of Guernsey, and was still there when a message arrived from Charles ordering him to abandon the expedition in order to go to Castile to seek ships to attack La Rochelle. Owain defeated an English and Gascon force at Soubise later that year, capturing Sir Thomas Percy and Jean de Grailly, the Captal de Buch. Another invasion of Wales was planned in 1373 but had to be abandoned when John of Gaunt launched an offensive. In 1374 he fought at Mirebau and at Saintonge. In 1375 Owain was employed by Enguerrand de Coucy to help win Enguerrand's share of the Habsburg lands due to him as nephew of the former Duke of Austria. However, during the Gugler War they were defeated by the forces of Bern and had to abandon the expedition.

paragraph: In 1377 there were reports that Owain was planning another expedition, this time with help from Castile. The alarmed English government sent a spy, the Scot Jon Lamb, to assassinate Owain, who had been given the task of besieging Mortagne-sur-Gironde in Poitou. Lamb gained Owain's confidence and became his chamberlain, which gave him the opportunity to stab Owain to death in July 1378, something Walker described as 'a sad end to a flamboyant career'. The Issue Roll of the Exchequer dated 4 December 1378 records "To John Lamb, an esquire from Scotland, because he lately killed Owynn de Gales, a rebel and enemy of the King in France ... £20".

paragraph: With the assassination of Owain Lawgoch the direct line of the House of Cunedda became extinct. As a result, the claim to the title 'Prince of Wales' fell to the other royal dynasties, of Deheubarth and Powys. The leading heir in this respect was Owain ap Gruffudd of Glyndyfrdwy, who was descended from both dynasties.

paragraph: Section::::Owain in legend.

paragraph: A number of legends grew around Owain, of which one version from Cardiganshire runs as follows. Dafydd Meurig of Betws Bledrws was helping to drive cattle from Cardiganshire to London. On the way he cut himself a hazel stick, and was still carrying it when he encountered a stranger on London Bridge. The stranger asked Dafydd where he had cut the stick, and ended up accompanying him back to Wales to the place where the stick had been cut. The stranger told Dafydd to dig under the bush, and this revealed steps leading down to a large cave illuminated by lamps, where a man seven feet tall with a red right hand was sleeping. The stranger told Dafydd that this was Owain Lawgoch "who sleeps until the appointed time; when he wakes he will be king of the Britons".

paragraph: The quarry reservoir at Aberllefenni in Gwynedd was once known as Llyn Owain Lawgoch and there is a story linking him with the nearby mansion, Plas Aberllefenni, recorded in "Trem Yn Ol" by J. Arthur Williams.

paragraph: In Guernsey, Owain is remembered as "Yvon de Galles". He and his Aragonese mercenaries have been absorbed into the island's folklore as an invasion of diminutive but handsome fairies from across the sea. The story goes that the shipwrecked king of the fairies was found unconscious on a Guernsey shore by a girl named Lizabeau. When he awoke, he fell in love with her and carried her across the sea to be his queen. However, the other fairies soon decided that they wanted Guernsey brides, and invaded the island. The men of the island fought bravely but were slaughtered wholesale, except for two men who hid in an oven. The fairies then took Guernsey wives, which is said to be the reason for the typical Guernseyman's dark hair and short stature.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Unveiling of a monument to commemorate Owain at Montagne-sur-Gironde

description: Prince of Gwynedd and Wales

wikidata_label: Owain Lawgoch

wikipedia_title: Owain Lawgoch


text: Soviet

text: diplomat

text: to defect

text: the West

text: Ministry of Foreign Affairs

text: Andrei Gromyko

text: Under Secretary General

text: United Nations

text: New York City

text: CIA

text: United States

text: Horlivka

text: Ukrainian SSR

text: Yevpatoria

text: Crimea

text: Black Sea

text: tuberculosis

text: sanatorium

text: Torgai

text: Altai

text: Siberia

text: Yalta Conference

text: law

text: Marxist

text: Leninist

text: Stalinist

text: attaché

text: USSR

text: NGO

text: New York City

text: United Nations General Assembly

text: disarmament

text: Security Council

text: Cuban Missile Crisis

text: WGBH

text: Under Secretary General

text: détente

text: Eastern Bloc

text: NATO

text: SALT I

text: Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

text: Helsinki Accords

text: UN charter

text: Russia

text: political asylum

text: KGB

text: Moscow

text: suicide

text: corruption

text: tried "in absentia"

text: death

text: Bethesda

text: Maryland

text: cirrhosis

text: liver

text: Washington, DC

text: List of Eastern Bloc defectors

text: excerpts published online

text: Oleg Kalugin

text: Memoirs of Arkady Shevchenko's son

categories: 1998 deaths,Ukrainian emigrants to the United States,American spies against the Soviet Union,Expelled members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,Soviet defectors to the United States,People from Horlivka,Under-Secretaries-General of the United Nations,1930 births,Deaths from cirrhosis,Soviet diplomats

paragraph: Arkady Shevchenko

paragraph: Arkady Nikolayevich Shevchenko (, ; October 11, 1930 – February 28, 1998), a Soviet diplomat, was the highest-ranking Soviet official to defect to the West.

paragraph: Shevchenko joined the diplomatic service of the Soviet Union, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as a young man and rose through its ranks, becoming advisor to Andrei Gromyko, Minister for Foreign Affairs. In 1973, he was appointed Under Secretary General (USG) of the United Nations. During his assignment at the UN headquarters in New York City, Shevchenko began passing Soviet secrets to the CIA. In 1978, he cut his ties to the Soviet Union and defected to the United States.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Shevchenko was born in the town of Horlivka, eastern Ukrainian SSR, but when he was five years old his family moved to Yevpatoria, a resort town in Crimea on the Black Sea, where his physician father was the administrator of a tuberculosis sanatorium. When the Crimea was overrun by German forces in 1941, he and his mother, along with the patients in the sanatorium, were evacuated to Torgai in the Altai mountains of Siberia. The family was reunited in 1944 after the Germans were driven out of the Crimea. He later recalled how his father attended the Yalta Conference, partially to observe and report on the health of Franklin Roosevelt.

paragraph: Shevchenko graduated from high school in 1949 and in the same year was admitted to Moscow State Institute of International Relations. He studied Soviet law, Marxist, Leninist and Stalinist theory and trained to become a foreign service diplomat. He married Lina (Leongina), a fellow student, in 1951. He graduated in 1954, but continued his studies as a graduate student.

paragraph: Section::::Foreign service career.

paragraph: In 1956, Shevchenko joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as an attaché and was assigned to the "OMO" (, "Department of International Organizations at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the USSR"), a branch of the Foreign Ministry dealing with the United Nations and NGOs. In 1958, he was sent to New York City on a three-month assignment to represent the Soviet Union at the annual United Nations General Assembly as a disarmament specialist.

paragraph: Shevchenko attended the 1962 Geneva Committee on Disarmament Negotiations as a member of the Soviet delegation. The next year he accepted an assignment as Chief of the Soviet Mission's Security Council and Political Affairs Division at the United Nations. This being a permanent posting, his family accompanied him to NYC. He continued in this post until 1970 when he was appointed advisor to Andrei Gromyko. His duties covered a broad range of Soviet foreign policy initiatives.

paragraph: In his disarmament role, Shevchenko had a close view of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Soviet leadership's perspective of it. He later described it in an interview with WGBH.

paragraph: In 1973, Shevchenko was promoted and became an Under Secretary General of the United Nations.

paragraph: Although he was nominally employed by the United Nations and owed his allegiance to that international organization, in practice he was expected to support and promote the aims and policies of the Soviet Union. He eventually became resentful of the restrictions that his Soviet superiors subjected him to which prevented him from carrying out his duties as an Under Secretary in an unbiased manner.

paragraph: Section::::Espionage and defection.

paragraph: The early 1970s were a time of détente between the Eastern Bloc and NATO nations. SALT I, the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, the Helsinki Accords, and other international agreements were negotiated during this time. According to Shevchenko's memoirs, he became increasingly disillusioned with real Soviet attitudes toward these international agreements. He had immediate access to the inner workings of the Soviet foreign policy establishment and felt that the Soviet government was cheating on the intent of the agreements for short-term political gain, ultimately to its own disadvantage. He also states clearly that Soviet leaders, while pretending to respect the UN, actually disdained it and viewed it solely as a means to advance Soviet interests, covertly or otherwise. Furthermore, Moscow's requirement that he, as a UN officer, must put Soviet interests ahead of UN interests while pretending otherwise was a violation of the UN charter. He also came to believe that Soviet internal economic policies and insistence on hard-line Communist centralization of power were depriving the Russian people of their freedom and ability to better themselves and their country. His long years of exposure to Western democracies convinced him that the Soviets were "taking the wrong path", economically and politically. He also was tired of, and bitter about, being unfree and speaking unfreely, and he wanted personal freedom. He briefly considered resigning his position with the UN and returning to the Soviet Union in an attempt to change the system from within, but he soon came to the realization that it would have been an impossible task, as he had neither the power nor the influence to effect any significant change. He did not like this option because he felt that such a life in retirement would be meaningless.

paragraph: By 1975, he had decided to defect. He made contact with the United States Central Intelligence Agency seeking political asylum. However, the CIA pressured him to continue at his post with the United Nations and to supply them with inside information on Soviet political plans. Although fearful of the consequences if he were to be found out by the KGB, he reluctantly agreed, with the idea that if he wanted to fight against the regime's existence, this was an opportunity to do so in a way with real effect or power. For the next three years, he became in effect a "triple agent". Outwardly, a dedicated servant of the United Nations but covertly promoting the political aims of the USSR and, on top of that, secretly reporting the Soviets’ hidden political agenda to the CIA.

paragraph: In early 1978, he became aware of increased KGB surveillance of his movements. Then suddenly in March he received a cable from Moscow summoning him to return to the Soviet Union for "consultations". Suspicious of the demand and realizing that if he flew to Moscow he might never be permitted to return to his UN duties or even leave the Soviet Union, he called his CIA contact and demanded that they fulfil their promise of political asylum.

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: Shevchenko often wrestled with how he would broach the idea of upcoming defection with his wife Leongina. He knew that she would probably react angrily and refuse to accede. He ended up never telling her until leaving a note for her right before rushing out the door while she slept. His plan, at least consciously, was that she could read the note and catch up with him soon if she chose to, which he hoped she would. However, when he called her the next day, a KGB man answered the phone. He surmised that as soon as she read the note she called the KGB. She was immediately whisked back to Moscow, where she died mysteriously, supposedly a suicide, less than two months later. Shevchenko surmised that in trying to gain leverage in her predicament she may have threatened senior Party people with exposure of their corruption, which made killing her the easiest solution. He also admitted to himself later that the reason he never told her in advance about his defection is because he knew she would probably get angry and expose his plan to the KGB. In the Soviet Union Shevchenko was tried "in absentia" and sentenced to death.

paragraph: From 1978 until his death twenty years later in Bethesda, Maryland, Shevchenko lived in the United States and supported himself with written contributions to various publications and on the lecture circuit. In 1985, he published his autobiography, "Breaking With Moscow". In his book, he described Soviet Russia as, among other things, a gangster economy where the KGB intelligence service played a prominent role.

paragraph: Shevchenko died of cirrhosis of the liver on February 28, 1998, and was buried in Washington, DC.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Eastern Bloc defectors

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arkady Shevchenko. "Breaking With Moscow", 1985 - excerpts published online

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oleg Kalugin, "The First Directorate". St. Martins' Press, 1994.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Memoirs of Arkady Shevchenko's son

description: Soviet spy for the US

wikidata_label: Arkady Shevchenko

wikipedia_title: Arkady Shevchenko


text: KG

text: Sir Miles Stapleton

text: Brian, Lord Fitzalan

text: Bedale

text: Dervorguilla of Galloway

text: John Balliol, King of Scotland

text: the Bruces

text: Skelton

text: King Edward III

text: siege of Tournai

text: heraldic dispute

text: Richard, Lord Scrope of Bolton

text: battle of Crécy

text: siege of Calais

text: William Montagu, earl of Salisbury

text: Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge

text: John Hastings, earl of Pembroke

text: Edward, the Black Prince

text: Captain of Calais Castle

text: knight of the Garter

text: King Richard II

text: Anne of Bohemia

text: Henry le Despenser

text: Bishop of Norwich

text: Wighill

text: Helaugh Priory

text: Carlton

text: Kentmere

text: Alençon

text: Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury

categories: 1394 deaths,Knights of the Garter,Medieval English knights

paragraph: Bryan Stapleton

paragraph: Sir Bryan Stapleton KG (c. 1322 – 1394) was an English medieval knight from Yorkshire.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the younger brother of Sir Miles Stapleton and the third son of Sir Gilbert Stapleton (died 1321) and his wife, Agnes (or Matilda; 1297/8–1348), daughter and coheir of Brian, Lord Fitzalan (died 1306), of Bedale and several other estates in the same county. As a result, he was a great-grandson of Dervorguilla of Galloway, mother of John Balliol, King of Scotland, and a descendant of the Bruces by Laderia, daughter of Peter III de Brus of Skelton and grandmother of Sir Gilbert.

paragraph: His first campaign must have been King Edward III's expedition to France in 1340 and the siege of Tournai - he stated this himself during a heraldic dispute involving his friend, Richard, Lord Scrope of Bolton. In his own words, he fought in all the great battles and expeditions of King Edward's reign, including the battle of Crécy and the siege of Calais in 1346-7.

paragraph: Bryan served under the banner of William Montagu, earl of Salisbury, in France in 1359-60 and, very likely, before that date as well. In 1369, he joined Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge, and John Hastings, earl of Pembroke in the expeditionary force sent to relieve Edward, the Black Prince, in Aquitaine. In 1372 he witnessed a truce with the duke of Brittany but in 1373 he sailed with Salisbury in the fleet that raided the coast of Brittany and defended Brest. In February 1380 he was appointed Captain of Calais Castle and in 1381 - captain of Guînes.

paragraph: Stapleton was made a knight of the Garter in 1382; in the following year he and Salisbury escorted King Richard II's young bride, Anne of Bohemia, to Calais; and in 1383 he held a muster there of the troops led by Henry le Despenser, Bishop of Norwich for a campaign in Flanders. He participated in the following negotiations with embassies from France and Flanders, leading to the truce of Leulinghen. He served on the Scottish border between 1386 and 1388, when he was both a commissioner to take evidence and a witness in Lord Scrope's dispute with Sir Robert Grosvenor mentioned above.

paragraph: In 1376 Stapleton bought Wighill, where he died on 25 July 1394. His will, written in French, was dated 16 May the same year, and is published in "Testamenta Eboracensia" (i. 198 sq.). He directed that his body should be buried at Helaugh Priory, beside his wife, who had died before him.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He inherited Carlton and Kentmere from a cousin.

paragraph: Before 1360 Stapleton married Alice, widow of Sir Stephen Waleys of Helaugh and daughter and coheiress of Sir John de St. Philibert. He left two sons, of whom, the elder, Brian, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William de Aldeburgh, 1st Baron Aldeburgh, and was the ancestor of the Stapletons of Carlton, died before him; the younger, Sir Miles (died 1400), was the ancestor of the Stapletons of Wighill.

paragraph: Brian Stapleton, his young grandson, succeeded him, and fell near Alençon in 1417, fighting in the retinue of Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury.

description: English knight

wikidata_label: Bryan Stapleton

wikipedia_title: Bryan Stapleton


text:
electronic musician
arcade funk
class
camelCase
hip-hop
funk
rock
alternative
bass player
drummer
lead vocalist
emcee
hip-hop
nu metal
Viacom
Sprint
Verizon
drum and bass
IDM
Tasteful Licks Records
Executive Producer
Official Website
Next.Time.Gadget

categories: American electronic musicians,Living people

paragraph: Next Time Gadget

paragraph: Jason Mosby, who performs under the name Next Time Gadget, is an American electronic musician known for his productions throughout the electronic music subgenres, but most notably his works in arcade funk. His pseudonym is often presented in programming class structure (Next.Time.Gadget) or camelCase (nextTimeGadget).

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Early career.

paragraph: Jason Mosby began producing music at 13 years of age, creating unconventional mashups of hip-hop, funk, rock, and alternative music. From 1994-2000, he performed with a number of rock, alternative, and hip-hop groups as a bass player or drummer, anchored by his stints as the lead vocalist/emcee for the hip-hop/nu metal group Moses and drum programmer for the cult arcade funk group Stankassjazz. In 2000, Jason Mosby embarked on his solo career, initially composing and licensing original music commercially for companies like Viacom, Sprint, and Verizon.

paragraph: In 2003, Jason Mosby reclusively opened Pooh+2 Studios and released his first solo album "Brownmail" under the moniker Stankassjazz. Unlike Stankassjazz’s group works which were intentionally nonsensical, Brownmail exhibited the versatility, progression, and contrast that became his mainstay in his subsequent releases. Brownmail also unveiled the ambient track "A Song for Someone" that Jason considers to be "the best thing I’ve ever written", and that has been included as track eleven on each of his full-length releases since. In 2005 Jason released "These Are The Days!", ironically named considering its content of dark, driving, glitch-heavy drum and bass and IDM.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Tasteful Licks Records.

paragraph: In 2006, Jason Mosby signed on to Tasteful Licks Records and assumed the pseudonym Next Time Gadget. On August 21, 2007 he released his third solo album "Bit[r]" on Tasteful Licks Records. In stark contrast to his previous solo releases, the tracks selected for "Bit[r]", a collection of original tracks from live sessions conducted from 2003 to 2007, were purposely lighter and more basic in their construction.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Recent.

paragraph: Mosby's fourth full-length album "midRange" was expected to be released on Tasteful Licks Records in the summer of 2011. He also functions as the Managing Member for Tasteful Licks Records and occasionally as an Executive Producer.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "midRange"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Bit[r]"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 "These Are The Days!"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 "Brownmail"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Next.Time.Gadget on Tasteful Licks

description: electronic musician

wikidata_label: Next Time Gadget

wikipedia_title: Next Time Gadget


text:
baseball
outfield
American Association
Baltimore Orioles
Louisville Colonels
Kansas City Cowboys

categories: Columbus Stars (baseball) players,Sioux City Corn Huskers players,19th-century baseball players,Kansas City Cowboys players,Major League Baseball outfielders,1858 births,1916 deaths,Baseball players from Kentucky,Atlanta Atlantas players,Louisville Eclipse players,Harrisburg (minor league baseball) players,Memphis Giants players,Baltimore Orioles (AA) players,Memphis Grays players,Rochester Maroons players,Spokane Bunchgrassers players,St. Paul Apostles players,Des Moines Prohibitionists players,Memphis Browns players,Burials at Cave Hill Cemetery,Louisville Colonels players,Lincoln Rustlers players

paragraph: Monk Cline

paragraph: John P. "Monk" Cline (March 3, 1858 – September 23, 1916) was a professional baseball player who primarily played outfield in the American Association for the Baltimore Orioles, Louisville Colonels and Kansas City Cowboys.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Monk Cline

wikipedia_title: Monk Cline


text:
Merseburg
Saxe-Merseburg
House of Wettin
Christian II, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg
Erdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz
Frederick August I of Saxony
smallpox
Maurice Wilhelm
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
Johann Sebastian Müller

categories: 1694 deaths,1680 births,House of Saxe-Merseburg

paragraph: Christian III Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg (Merseburg, 7 November 1680 – Merseburg, 14 November 1694), was a duke of Saxe-Merseburg and member of the House of Wettin.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of Christian II, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg, and Erdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: At the age of thirteen, Christian Maurice succeeded his father upon his death on 20 October 1694. During his minority, the Elector Frederick August I of Saxony took over the administration of the duchy as regent. However, the custody of the young duke was mainly the responsibility of his mother, the dowager duchess Erdmuthe Dorothea, who also took an interest in governing the duchy.

paragraph: The new duke died of smallpox after reigned for only twenty-five days and was succeeded by his younger brother Maurice Wilhelm.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinrich Theodor Flathe: "." In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, S. 175.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Sebastian Müller, Der Chur- und fürstlichen Häuser Sachsen, Ernestin- und Albertinischer Linie Annales von 1400–1700, Leipzig 1701, Tafel XIII

description: German duke


text:
Brazil
singer
composer
Rio de Janeiro
Elizeth Cardoso
Elis Regina
Clara Nunes
Emílio Santiago
Beth Carvalho
Alcione
Diogo Nogueira

categories: 1941 births,Brazilian composers,20th-century composers,20th-century Brazilian singers,20th-century male singers,2000 deaths,Brazilian male singers

paragraph: João Nogueira

paragraph: João Nogueira (November 12, 1941 - June 5, 2000) was a Brazilian singer and composer, famous for his samba compositions. He was born in Rio de Janeiro.

paragraph: His first composition, "Espera ó Nega" was recorded in 1968, however it was in 1970 that he gained notoriety when Elizeth Cardoso recorded his song "Corrente de Aço". His music has been recorded by some of Brazil's most well known singers such as Elis Regina, Clara Nunes, Emílio Santiago, Beth Carvalho and Alcione. He is also the father of singer and composer Diogo Nogueira.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972 "João Nogueira"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974 "E Lá Vou Eu"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975 "Vem Quem Tem"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977 "Espelho"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978 "Vida Bohêmia"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 "Clube Do Samba"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 "Boca Do Povo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 "Homem aos 40"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 "Wilson, Geraldo & Noel"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 "Bem Transado"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 "Pelas Terras Do Pau-Brasil"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 "De Amor É Bom"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986 "Boteco Do Arlindo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 "João"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 "Programa Ensaio"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 "Parceria"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 "Letra & Música"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 "De Todos Os Sambas"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 "Através Do Espelho"

description: Brazilian composer and singer

wikidata_label: João Nogueira

wikipedia_title: João Nogueira


text:
Italian
painter
engraver
Cremona
Brera Academy
Giocondo Albertolli
Rome
William Wilkins
Giovanni Battista Comolli
St Mary Moorfields
Antiquities of Mexico
Queen Victoria

categories: Italian decorators,Mesoamerican artists,1857 deaths,Italian male painters,1777 births,Brera Academy alumni,Milanese painters,British Mesoamericanists,Italian Mesoamericanists,19th-century Italian painters,18th-century Italian painters,19th-century Mesoamericanists,Italian engravers

paragraph: Agostino Aglio

paragraph: Agostino Aglio (December 15, 1777 – January 30, 1857) was an Italian painter, decorator, and engraver.

paragraph: He was born at Cremona. He initially studied at the Brera Academy under Giocondo Albertolli, and then traveled to Rome to work under Campovecchio Mantovano. In 1803 he came to England to assist William Wilkins, the well-known architect, in the production of his "Antiquities of Magna Graecia" which was published in 1807. For many years Aglio was employed in the decoration of theaters, churches, and country mansions both in England and Ireland. In 1819, he was employed, along with the architect Giovanni Battista Comolli, in painting vast frescoes for the Roman Catholic Church of St Mary Moorfields, London. Between the years 1820 and 1830, he published several books on art including a "Collection of Capitals and Friezes drawn from the Antique" and "Antiquities of Mexico" illustrated with over 1000 plates, drawn from the originals. He also painted a portrait of Queen Victoria, which was engraved.

paragraph: A street in modern-day Cremona is named after the artist.

alias:
Agostino Maria Aglio
Agostino Aglio the Elder
Agostino Allio
Augustine Aglio
Agostino, the elder Aglio
Alio
Aglio
Aglié

wikidata_label: Agostino Aglio

wikipedia_title: Agostino Aglio


text: JP

text: Banff, Aberdeenshire

text: Aberdeen

text: Batavia

text: Singapore

text: Bombay

text: Penang

text: Manila

text: Newton John Stabb

text: unofficial member

text: Executive Council

text: Legislative Council

text: Justice of Peace

text: University of Hong Kong

text: Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce

text: Hong Kong Jockey Club

text: pneumonia

text: Kensal Green Cemetery

text: left one of the two lion statues

text: HSBC Main Building

categories: Scottish expatriates in Hong Kong,Scottish bankers,Members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong,1862 births,Hong Kong bankers,HSBC people,Members of the Executive Council of Hong Kong,Scottish expatriates in China,1924 deaths

paragraph: A. G. Stephen

paragraph: Alexander Gordon Stephen, JP (14 September 1862 – 27 August 1924) was the chief manager of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Banff, Aberdeenshire on 14 September 1862. After he served an apprenticeship at the Town and Country Bank in Aberdeen, he joined the London office of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in 1882. He arrived in Hong Kong on 27 August 1885. He was transferred to Batavia, Singapore and the Bombay office, and stationed in Batavia from 1896 to 1902 until he was appointed agent at Penang. He became manager in the Manila branch and undertook a tour of inspection of the North China branches. He was then appointed manager in Shanghai in 1912 and acted as chief manager in Hong Kong for a few months during the absence of Newton John Stabb in London. He subsequently returned to Shanghai as a manager until he succeeded as chief manager on the retirement of Newton John Stabb in 1920.

paragraph: He also held many public offices in Hong Kong. He was appointed as unofficial member of the Executive Council and Legislative Council and made a Justice of Peace in 1921. He was a member of both Court and Council of the University of Hong Kong. He was also a member of the general committee of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce.

paragraph: He also enjoyed many popular wins in Shanghai and Hong Kong as a steward of the Hong Kong Jockey Club with Stephen and Stitt.

paragraph: Leaving in May 1924 for London due to illness, he died from pneumonia due to infarct of the lung at a London nursing home at the night of 27 August. The funeral took place on 2 September at the Kensal Green Cemetery.

paragraph: The left one of the two lion statues in front of the HSBC Main Building in Hong Kong is named Stephen in memory of Alexander Gordon Stephen.

description: Scottish banker

wikidata_label: Alexander Gordon Stephen

wikipedia_title: A. G. Stephen


text:
female impersonator
Vaudeville
Charlie Parker
Dizzy Gillespie
Cakewalk
Charleston
Vaudeville
Theater Owners Booking Association
Smash Your Luggage
The Cotton Club
Southland
Count Basie Orchestra
Fletcher Henderson
Chick Webb
Charlie Parker
Dizzy Gillespie
Hot House
Savoy
Miles Davis
First Miles
Benzedrine
bebop
Rubberlegs Williams
Discogs
Smash Your Luggage

categories: American male dancers,American jazz singers,1962 deaths,20th-century American singers,American blues singers,1907 births

paragraph: Rubberlegs Williams

paragraph: Henry "Rubberlegs" Williams (14 July 1907 in Atlanta - 17 October 1962 in New York City) was an American blues and jazz singer, dancer and occasional female impersonator. A star of Vaudeville, he is probably best remembered for his singing work with Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie, although it was for his dancing that he was renowned for in New York City and Boston.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Williams was born in Atlanta in 1907. He became employed as dancer with Bobby Grant's Female Impersonators in 1919 and became a spectacle. He later won several Cakewalk and Charleston competitions and other dancing contests and achieved success on Vaudeville, going on tours with the Theater Owners Booking Association. He got his nickname "Rubberlegs" because he danced as if he had legs made of rubber. In 1933 he appeared in the short film "Smash Your Luggage", and appeared in shows like the "Cotton Club Parade" and "Blackbirds of 1933". He was a regular performer at The Cotton Club and the Apollo in Harlem, and at the Southland ballroom in Boston, and according to Count Basie, he became the venue's most prominent attraction with his elaborates dances. He also appeared as a singer with prominent artists such Count Basie Orchestra, Fletcher Henderson, Chick Webb and Charlie Parker, and sang on the first recording of Dizzy Gillespie's "Hot House" on April 1, 1945 in New York City.

paragraph: On Williams' April 24, 1945 Savoy studio session, Miles Davis played the trumpet for the first time on a recording. The session resulted in two singles: Savoy 564 "That's The Stuff You Gotta Watch / Pointless Mama Blues" and Savoy 5516 "Deep Sea Blues / Bring It On Home". These songs were later re-released in 1990 on a compilation album "First Miles".

paragraph: A larger than life character both on and off stage, Williams was seen as the "embodiment of the raucous style that had dominated the black variety stage" at the time. During a January 1945 recording session with Continental, he once screeched his way through a session after becoming "wildly disoriented after unwittingly ingesting an enormous dose of Benzedrine", after Charlie Parker spiked his coffee with three tablets. However, Williams stood out in the jazz community for refusing to consume alcohol, smoke or take drugs which made him highly respected and liked, especially among the black community of New York City. He was also not especially keen with the development of bebop's "off playing", and once memorably barked at Dizzy Gillespie during his intoxicated recording session: "Miss Gillespie, if you play another of them bad notes, I'm gonna beat your brains out".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rubberlegs Williams at Discogs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smash Your Luggage

description: American jazz musician

wikidata_label: Rubberlegs Williams

wikipedia_title: Rubberlegs Williams


text:
poet
librettist
Franz Schubert
Steyr
Novitiate
St. Florian's Priory
Upper Austria
Jurisprudence
Theology
University of Vienna
Franz Schubert
Joseph von Spaun
Franz von Schober
cholera
Norman McKay, Elizabeth
Youens, Susan
Lorenz
Steblin, Rita
Edition 1824
Ernst von Feuchtersleben
Edition 1843
Mayrhofer’s Schubert songs
Mayrhofer, Johann
Constant von Wurzbach

categories: Poets who committed suicide,1787 births,Austrian opera librettists,19th-century Austrian poets,Austrian male poets,Franz Schubert

paragraph: Johann Mayrhofer

paragraph: Johann Baptist Mayrhofer (22 October 17875 February 1836), was an Austrian poet and librettist. He is best known for his close friendship with the composer Franz Schubert.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mayrhofer was born in Steyr, educated at Novitiate in St. Florian's Priory Upper Austria. In 1810 he began to study Jurisprudence and Theology at the University of Vienna, both of which courses he finished. In 1814 he met the young composer Franz Schubert and his friends (Joseph von Spaun, Franz von Schober).

paragraph: Mayrhofer wrote a lot of lyric poetry and published it in 1824.

paragraph: Forty-seven Schubert songs and two of his operas are based on Mayrhofer’s lyric poems.

paragraph: As a young man Mayrhofer had been hopelessly in love with Mina (Wilhelmina Watteroth), the daughter of Heinrich Watteroth, who was one of Mayrhofer's professors and for a short time also his landlord. In his late years Mayrhofer (like Schubert) fell in love with a young 15-year-old girl, the daughter of his landlord Doctor Strauss. Mayrhofer was a hypochondriac all his life: in 1836, during a cholera epidemic, he committed suicide by jumping from the window of his office in Vienna.

paragraph: Section::::Libretti.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Freunde von Salamanca" (1815)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adrast" (1819)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List, Fritz (1921), "Johann Mayrhofer, ein Freund und Textdichter Franz Schuberts". Munich 1921. Print: Nittenau: Kangler: [1991]: 226 Bl.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rabenlechner, Michael Maria (1938), "Johann Mayrhofers Gedichte mit einem Lebensbild des Dichters". Wiener Bibliophilen-Gesellschaft 1938.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norman McKay, Elizabeth: "Schubert and Classical Opera : The promise of Adrast". In: Erich Wolfgang Partsch (ed.): "Der vergessene Schubert: Franz Schubert auf der Bühne". Böhlau, Wien 1997, , p. 61–76.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ilija Dürhammer (1997), "»Was ich gefühlt, hast Du gesungen« – Neue Dokumente zu Johann Mayrhofers Leben und Schaffen". In: "Mitteilungen der österreichischen Gesellschaft für Musikwissenschaft" 31 (März 1997), S.13-45.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ilija Dürhammer (1999), "Schuberts literarische Heimat. Dichtung und Literatur-Rezeption der Schubert-Freunde." Wien-Köln-Weimar 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Kohlhäufl (1999), "Poetisches Vaterland. Dichtung und politisches Denken im Freundeskreis Franz Schuberts." Kassel 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Youens, Susan (1999), "Schubert’s poets and the making of lieder". Cambridge Univ. Press 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lorenz, Michael (2000), "Dokumente zur Biographie Johann Mayrhofers". In: "Schubert durch die Brille" 25, June 2000, 21-50.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steblin, Rita (2001), "Schubert’s Problematic Relationship with Johann Mayrhofer: New Documentary Evidence". "Essays on Music and Culture in Honor of Herbert Kellman", 2001, 465–495.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Davidson, Michael; Hillenaar, Henk (2008), "Schubert and Mayrhofer". London 2008.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edition 1824

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernst von Feuchtersleben’s Edition 1843

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mayrhofer’s Schubert songs

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mayrhofer, Johann in Constant von Wurzbach: "Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich". Vol. 17. Verlag L. C. Zamarski, Vienna 1856–1891, 186-190

description: Austrian poet and librettist

wikidata_label: Johann Mayrhofer

wikipedia_title: Johann Mayrhofer


text:
Jacob Aaron Westervelt
Henry Steers
New York Yacht Club
Green-Wood Cemetery
USS Brooklyn (1858)
Pacific Mail Steamship Company
Pacific Mail Steamship Company
Pacific Mail Steamship Company
image

categories: Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery,1827 births,People from Greenpoint, Brooklyn,1904 deaths,American shipbuilders

paragraph: Samuel H. Pine

paragraph: Samuel Havre Pine (New Jersey, 1827 – New York, 1904) was a 19th-century American ship designer and builder located in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. His early career was marked by his position as superintendent to the construction of many notable ships in the shipyards of Jacob Aaron Westervelt (later mayor of New York) and Henry Steers. After the civil war, he built a multitude of ships, including many well-appointed fast steam and sailing yachts for famous magnates of the day - including Jacob and Louis Lorillard. He built the racing yacht enchantress; famous in its day for international racing and whose model presently resides at the New York Yacht Club.

paragraph: He died in Brooklyn following an operation at the age of 77. He is buried in Brooklyn's Green-Wood Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::As Superintendent.

paragraph: "Under Jacob A. Westervelt"

paragraph: BULLET::::- USS Brooklyn (1858)

paragraph: "Under Henry Steers"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steamship Arizona 1865 for the Pacific Mail Steamship Company

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steamship Japan 1867 for the Pacific Mail Steamship Company

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steamship Montana 1865 for the Pacific Mail Steamship Company

paragraph: Section::::As Principal Shipbuilder.

paragraph: "Sailing Schooner/Yacht"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Enchantress schooner for Louis Lorillard, Designer, Robert Fish

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sea Witch - Sailing Yacht

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pilot Boat Edward Cooper

paragraph: "Steam Yacht"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trophy for Jacob Lorillard

paragraph: BULLET::::- Veto for Jacob Lorillard

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reva 1886

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arcady

paragraph: BULLET::::- Idler for James McMillan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daring 1886

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reverie 1890

paragraph: BULLET::::- Venture1883

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wanda 1885

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wompanoag 1887

paragraph: BULLET::::- EMU 1880

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tillie 1882

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sophia 1882

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steam Yacht Rival

paragraph: "Steamships"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paddle steamer Mary Patten for the Long Branch Steamboat Company 1893

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Engineering, Volume 29, Office for Advertisements and Publication, 2.1880, May 21, 1880 - Description of the ships under construction at S. H. Pine Yard

paragraph: BULLET::::- NYT Article about the Pilot Boat Edward Cooper, January 8, 1893

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brooklyn Eagle, January 18, 1871, Description of the ships under construction by SH Pine Yard

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Volume 24, The Century Co., 1882 - Steam Yachting in America - Leading Builders

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Chronological History of the Origin and Development of Steam Navigation,L.R. Hamersly, 1883

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photograph Of S.H. Pine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photograph Of Paddle Steamer Mary Patten, Patten Point Yacht Club Web Site image

description: shipbuilder

wikidata_label: Samuel H. Pine

wikipedia_title: Samuel H. Pine


text:
Conservative
Wakefield
Lancashire
Eton College
Christ Church, Oxford
William Ewart Gladstone
George Canning
Daniel Gaskell
M.P.
Wakefield
Catherine Glynne
Wenlock
Shropshire
Lord of the Treasury
Sir Robert Peel
Charles Williams-Wynn
Charles Milnes Gaskell
Liberal
Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn
Much Wenlock

categories: 1810 births,UK MPs 1832–1835,UK MPs 1835–1837,UK MPs 1847–1852,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1859–1865,UK MPs 1865–1868,UK MPs 1837–1841,1873 deaths,UK MPs 1852–1857,UK MPs 1857–1859,UK MPs 1841–1847

paragraph: James Milnes Gaskell

paragraph: James Milnes Gaskell (19 October 1810 – 5 February 1873) was a British Conservative politician.

paragraph: James Milnes-Gaskell was the only child of Benjamin Gaskell (1781–1856) of Thornes House, Wakefield, West Yorkshire and Clifton Hall, Lancashire. He was born on 19 October 1810 and was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford. His political interest may have been influenced by meeting lifelong friend William Ewart Gladstone as a school contemporary, and receiving visits during term from George Canning. An uncle, Daniel Gaskell, also entered Parliament as first M.P. for Wakefield in 1832, at same general election as James.

paragraph: It was at Gaskell's then home in Tilney Street, London, in 1834, that Gladstone met his future wife, Catherine Glynne.

paragraph: He was M.P. for Wenlock in Shropshire from 1832 until retiring in 1868. He served as a Lord of the Treasury from 1841 to 11 March 1846 under Sir Robert Peel's administration.

paragraph: In 1832 he married Mary Wynn, daughter of the Rt Hon. Charles Williams-Wynn, (also a Member of Parliament) and they had two sons and two daughters. One son, Charles Milnes Gaskell, also became a Member of Parliament, as a Liberal.

paragraph: It was from his wife's cousin, Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, that Gaskell bought in 1857 the site of Wenlock Priory, whose ruins he restored and whose Prior's Lodge he made into a family home.

paragraph: He died at 28 Norfolk Street, Park Lane, London on 5 February 1873, aged sixty-two, and was buried in the parish churchyard at Much Wenlock.

description: British Conservative politician

wikidata_label: James Milnes Gaskell

wikipedia_title: James Milnes Gaskell


text: experimental music

text: performance art

text: You Think You Really Know Me

text: Endicott

text: New York

text: duck

text: IBM

text: stand-up bass

text: lounge band

text: Fabian

text: Bobby Rydell

text: Dion

text: tape machines

text: The Beatles

text: rock and roll

text: 1910 Fruitgum Company

text: John Cage

text: experimental

text: David Tudor

text: New York City

text: Albert Grossman

text: Woodstock, New York

text: recording studio

text: Bob Dylan

text: R.E.M.

text: Patti Smith

text: The Rolling Stones

text: You Think You Really Know Me

text: radio

text: record deal

text: California

text: fanmail

text: The Residents

text: Beck

text: Odelay

text: Where It's At

text: Passin' the dutchie

text: Sub Pop Records

text: adult theater

text: UCSD

text: San Diego

text: Manhattan

text: train

text: fear of flying

text: Plexifilm

text: Lincoln Center

text: Bruce Haack

text: Dimension Mix

text: aerophobia

text: MySpace

text: San Diego

text: California

text: Escondido

text: country club

text: Nat King Cole

text: Lou Rawls

text: Wayne Newton

text: Johnny Mathis

text: email

text: married

text: Lisa Wants To Talk To You

text: Human Ear Music

text: Western Vinyl

text: Late Night with Jimmy Fallon

text: the Roots

text: Stones Throw Records

text: Tip Records

text: Robert Duncan

text: Duncan/Channon

text: Electric Six

text: Absolute Treasure

text: Jimmy Kimmel Live!

text: Earl Sweatshirt

text: BadBadNotGood

text: You Think You Really Know Me

text: Lisa Wants To Talk To You

text: Official Gary Wilson Website

text: Gary Wilson's Myspace

text: About.com article on Gary Wilson

text: Stones Throw Records

text: Western Vinyl

text: April 2008 Interview with L.A. Record

text: - Gary Wilson article @ WeirdoMusic.com

categories: American musicians,American male musicians,Outsider musicians,1953 births,Living people,Stones Throw Records artists

paragraph: Gary Wilson (musician)

paragraph: Gary Wilson (born October 1953) is an American experimental musician/performance artist best known for his 1977 album "You Think You Really Know Me", after which he promptly retired from recording and performing concerts. He slowly gained a strong cult following during the 1980s and 1990s, and in the early 2000s became active again.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early years.

paragraph: Born on The North Side of Endicott, New York, Gary Wilson was one of four siblings, the others being Larry, David and Patti. The children kept several ducks as pets. His father worked for IBM during the day, and by night played stand-up bass in a lounge band whose act played the same hotel approximately four nights a week for 25 years. Gary was a self-taught musician, and musical prodigy, being proficient in guitar, bass, drums, piano and cello by the time he entered grade school. He has credited his earliest influences to be Fabian, Bobby Rydell and most of all Dion. His mother would curl the front of his hair for him every morning so that he could look like his teen heart-throb idols.

paragraph: At age 9, Gary Wilson joined his school band, playing stand-up bass. The following year, he wrote his first song. At 12, Wilson started acquiring tape machines and began recording songs in his parents' basement. Around this time, he became fascinated by The Beatles and rock and roll (he attended The Beatles' famous 1965 Shea Stadium concert). About a year later, he began playing keyboards in a band called Lourde Fuzz. They cut a single when he was only in eighth grade. The group even earned a spot on a bill opening for The 1910 Fruitgum Company. When the band's lead singer left, Wilson took over vocals and songwriting, but quickly proved to be too strange for the other members.

paragraph: In 1969, Wilson discovered the music of aleatoric composer John Cage. When sought out, Cage surprisingly invited the 14-year-old musician into his home to discuss and critique music for several days. Wilson was also given advice by the composer, such as if your music/performance "doesn't irritate people, you aren't doing your job." This experience is deemed by many to be a significant event in Wilson's life, and his songs became increasingly experimental after this point. Wilson has also cited avant-garde composer David Tudor as a major influence during this time. Upon graduation from high school in 1970, he moved to New York City for several weeks, but quickly returned to his parents' home in Endicott, New York. Around this time, Wilson "fell right into" playing lounge music on the side, just as his father had.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:"You Think You Really Know Me".

paragraph: Gary Wilson went to Albert Grossman's Bearsville Studios in Woodstock, New York in 1976, a well-known recording studio that has played host to sessions by Bob Dylan, R.E.M., Patti Smith, The Rolling Stones and many other notable acts. There, Wilson recorded versions of "6.4=Make Out", "Chromium Bitch", "Groovy Girls", and "I Want To Lose Control". He eventually decided that he would prefer to record at his familiar home studio and finished recording "You Think You Really Know Me", his first album, in his parents' basement. On this recording, Wilson sometimes played solo and was other times accompanied by a backing band, The Blind Dates. He pressed, distributed, funded and released the album himself. Wilson pressed 300 copies in 1977 and a further 300 copies in 1979 (he now claims that he only has two original copies left in his personal possession from these pressings). In 1991, Cry Baby Records re-released the album, pressing about 1000 copies.

paragraph: His 1970s concert performances were cited as bizarre and outrageous, a "show that included cellophane, duct tape, bed sheets, fake blood, flour, and milk." So outlandish were the shows that often they would have their electricity cut in attempts to get them to leave the stage. After receiving a small amount of radio play, Wilson decided to try and pursue landing a record deal and moved west to California in 1978. There he recorded three singles, "In the Midnight Hour/When I Spoke of Love" (1978), "Forgotten Lovers E.P." (1979) and "Invasion of Privacy" (1980). Although he did have some supporters (receiving fanmail during the period from the band The Residents), viable commercial success did not find Wilson.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Rediscovery and documentary.

paragraph: After a 1981 American tour, he retired from the experimental music scene and dropped off the public radar. Wilson then lapsed into obscurity until around 1996, when Beck was heard citing him as an influence in concerts, at award ceremonies, and on his album, "Odelay". Beck also namechecked the musician in his hit single "Where It's At": "Passin' the dutchie from coast to coast/like my man Gary Wilson rocks the most." Around the same time, he was cited by the people behind Sub Pop Records as a major influence on their company.

paragraph: In the early 2000s, Motel Records began a search to find the reclusive musician, but were unsuccessful (even after hiring a private detective). He was eventually found through contacting ex-band members. He was nearly 50 years old, working part-time at The Jolar Cinema adult theater, playing keyboard in a weekly jazz act called Donnie Finnell & Company East at the Rancho Bernardino Lounge and living with his girlfriend (an experimental artist who had studied at UCSD in the 1980s) in San Diego. He gave Motel Records his permission to repress "You Think You Really Know Me", and also offered to play a handful of shows to promote the rerelease.

paragraph: On May 16, 2002 Gary Wilson returned to the stage after a 20-year absence, playing two shows at Joe’s Pub in downtown Manhattan. A documentary about Wilson's career and his return to the public stage was filmed by Michael Wolk, titled "". The film recorded the musician's long and emotional train ride (due to his fear of flying) from the west coast back to his native New York for his first concert in decades. The film was screened at several theaters in 2005, and was released on home video by Plexifilm in June 2008. Wilson said attending the film's premier at the Lincoln Center in New York was "one of the highlights of my life."

paragraph: Motel Records soon after put out "Forgotten Lovers", a collection of singles, b-sides, rare and unreleased songs dating back to 1974. In 2004, Wilson released "Mary Had Brown Hair" on Stones Throw Records, his first album of original material in almost 30 years. In 2005 he played instruments and co-produced "Rain of Earth" as one of the 'Stones Throw Singers' on a tribute album to Bruce Haack titled Dimension Mix. In 2006, his website stated that a greatest hits album was in the works, supposedly to feature tracks from "You Think You Really Know Me" and "Forgotten Lovers"; however, no further plans for the album have been revealed and it may have been scrapped. Wilson continues to occasionally perform live, though usually in southern California, sometimes unannounced and typically unpromoted. He has not toured since his rebirth in popularity, apparently due to his dislike of traveling and aerophobia.

paragraph: According to Wilson's MySpace account, the musician resided in San Diego, California. As of mid 2008, his lounge act band was still together, playing their regular Friday and Saturday night slot at Bistro 221 in Escondido, as well as playing for-hire at special events and country clubs, covering songs by Nat King Cole, Lou Rawls, Wayne Newton, Johnny Mathis, etc. He also stated that he had recently come back in to email contact with the infamous "Linda" featured in many of his songs. Although they were able to resolve some old issues, the woman is now married and Wilson said of the situation, "I don't think it's cool to get between people."

paragraph: In May 2008, Wilson's website announced that a new album, "Lisa Wants To Talk To You", was in the works. The record was set to be released on Human Ear Music on August 15, 2008 but the release was delayed for unknown reasons until September 15. Western Vinyl released Gary Wilson's new album "Electric Endicott" in the fall of 2010. The album is available on CD, vinyl, and MP3. To promote his new album, Wilson performed on the October 27, 2010 episode of "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon" with members of the Roots acting as his backing band. In July 2011 Stones Throw Records released a direct-to-vinyl live recording from a performance earlier that year.

paragraph: Wilson was slated in November 2011 to release a new digital album, "Feel the Beat," on Tip Records, a music-business incubator created by rock critic Robert Duncan as an exploratory arm of Duncan/Channon A limited number of copies are to be released on CD and vinyl as well. In 2012, Wilson was featured on the song "Sweden" from rapper/producer Pyramid Vritra's album "Pyramid", and in 2013 he was featured on the song "Sandy Kissed Gary Wilson Last Night" from production duo They Hate Change's album "Today."

paragraph: In May 2013, Wilson made his first appearance outside the US for a European tour with The Blind Dates of TX playing the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, UK, Belgium, and the Villette Sonique Festival in Paris. Wilson and the TX Blind Dates returned abroad for a second European tour in 2014 where they played Czech Republic, Germany, France, Belgium, and headlined Sunday night at the OFF Fest in Katowice, Poland. The touring band consisted of Patrick Healy (percussion, vocals), Chef Pittman (drums), Sam Vandelinder (guitar, organ, synthesizer), Paul Millar (bass guitar, synthesizer), and T.W.Bond (keyboards).

paragraph: In 2014, Electric Six recorded a cover of "Gary's in the Park" as part of a pledge package for their "Absolute Treasure" Kickstarter campaign. The cover was subsequently released online.

paragraph: In January 2014, Wilson and long-time contemporary (also one-time art mail exchange colleague back in 1970's) R Stevie Moore finally received the chance to share the same stage for two nights in Brooklyn, NY. On January 24, 2014, both were invited as guest artists at Issue Project Room where R Stevie performed a solo set and Gary debuted a rarely performed piece titled "Gary Saw Linda Kissing John Cage". The performance piece paid much respect to WIlson's avant garde and cable access roots involving light arrangements of prerecorded Musique Conrete/electronic noise style samples, Wilson improvising on a baby grand piano, and the improvisational accompaniment of the TX Blind Dates Electronic Choir (Paul Millar, Chef Pittman, Sam Vandelinder, Patrick Healy, and T.W. Bond).

paragraph: In 2015, Wilson made a surprise guest appearance on Jimmy Kimmel Live! during a performance by Earl Sweatshirt and BadBadNotGood. Early that year, Earl sampled Wilson's song "You Were Too Good to Be True" on his song "Grief" from the album "".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Another Galaxy" (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You Think You Really Know Me" (1977, reissued 1991 and 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Forgotten Lovers" (2003, reissued 2011 on vinyl)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mary Had Brown Hair" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lisa Wants To Talk To You" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Electric Endicott" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Feel the Beat" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alone With Gary Wilson" (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "It's Friday Night with Gary Wilson" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "It's Christmas Time with Gary Wilson" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Let's Go to Outer Space" (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The King of Endicott" (2019)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dream(s)/Soul Travel" (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Another Galaxy/Softly the Water Flows" (1973–1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Midnight Hour/When I Spoke of Love" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Forgotten Lovers E.P." (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Invasion of Privacy" (double 7") (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This Is Why I Wear My Wedding Gown E.P." (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Newark Valley" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "6.4 = Make Out (demo version)" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Eyes Are Closed/My Dream Is Yours" (Flexi, 7", Single Sided, Blue, Ltd Numbered) (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sea Cruise" (7" Ltd) (Rita Records) (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hey Gary (Have You Seen My Girl)" (2019)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Gary Wilson Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gary Wilson's Myspace

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Donnie Finnell & Company East Website (Wilson's lounge act)

paragraph: BULLET::::- About.com article on Gary Wilson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peeling Back The Gauze: Gary Wilson Uncovered" interview/article in MungBeing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stones Throw Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Western Vinyl

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gary Wilson interview and feature at Blurt Online

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gary Wilson interview with Drastic Plastic Dress

paragraph: BULLET::::- Video interview with Gary Wilson by Brainwashed.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- April 2008 Interview with L.A. Record/a

paragraph: BULLET::::- - Gary Wilson interview, bio, archive photos, and cartoons in the San Diego Reader

paragraph: BULLET::::- - Gary Wilson article @ WeirdoMusic.com

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Gary Wilson

wikipedia_title: Gary Wilson (musician)


text:
Conservative Party
William Bingham
Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer
Baring family
House of Commons
rotten borough
Callington
Cornwall
Marlborough
Wiltshire
Baron Ashburton
thePeerage.com

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,UK MPs 1835–1837,Presidents of the Oxford Union,UK MPs 1859–1865,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1847–1852,British people of American descent,UK MPs 1865–1868,UK MPs 1837–1841,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Cornwall,Baring family,1869 deaths,UK MPs 1852–1857,UK MPs 1857–1859,UK MPs 1841–1847,1804 births,UK MPs 1831–1832

paragraph: Henry Bingham Baring

paragraph: Henry Bingham Baring (4 March 1804 – 25 April 1869) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was the son of Henry Baring and Maria Matilda Bingham, daughter of American-born statesman William Bingham. Bingham was a half-brother of Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer and a member of the distinguished Baring family.

paragraph: He entered the House of Commons in 1831 as Member of Parliament for the rotten borough of Callington in Cornwall. When Callington was disenfranchised the following year, he was returned for the Marlborough constituency in Wiltshire, and held his seat until 1868.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baron Ashburton

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- thePeerage.com

description: British Conservative Party politician

wikidata_label: Henry Bingham Baring

wikipedia_title: Henry Bingham Baring


text:
Consul
Republic
Lucius Gellius Publicola
Pompey
Roman legion
Spartacus
Third Servile War
plebeian
Claudii Marcelli
patrician
Cornelii Lentuli
Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Hispania
Praetor
Gaius Verres
Sicily
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
Spartacus
Third Servile War
Apennine Mountains
Pistoia
Picenum
Roman senate
Marcus Licinius Crassus
censor
Gaius Antonius Hybrida
Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura
Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livianus
Princeps Senatus
Cicero's
Verres
imperium
extraordinary command
Mediterranean Sea
Adriatic Sea
Lex Manilia
Mithridates VI of Pontus
T. Robert S. Broughton

categories: Cornelii,Clodii,1st-century BC Romans,Year of death unknown,114 BC births,Cornelii Lentuli,Ancient Roman adoptees,Ancient Roman generals,Roman Republican praetors

paragraph: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus

paragraph: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus born 114 BC, was a Roman politician and general who was one of two Consuls of the Republic in 72 BC along with Lucius Gellius Publicola. Closely linked to the family of Pompey, he is noted for being one of the consular generals who led Roman legions against the slave armies of Spartacus in the Third Servile War.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Although born into the plebeian Claudii Marcelli family, Clodianus was adopted into the patrician Cornelii Lentuli, possibly as the adoptive son of Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus. A partisan of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, he possibly served under Pompey during Pompey’s special commission in Hispania. Elected Praetor around 75 BC, his connections with Pompey ensured that he was elected consul in 72 BC .

paragraph: Clodianus soon was involved in protecting Pompey’s interests, pushing a bill to validate grants of citizenship by Pompey in Hispania. He and his colleague also ensured that no Roman citizen in the provinces could be tried in absentia on a capital charge – an attempt to restrict the ravages of Gaius Verres in Sicily. Finally, Clodianus proposed a bill for recovering payment, which Lucius Cornelius Sulla had remitted, from those who had bought the confiscated property of those who suffered under the Sullan proscriptions.

paragraph: However, the major event of his consulship was the revolt of Spartacus and the eruption of the Third Servile War. Having won a number of victories against ill-prepared Roman forces, the Senate now recognised Spartacus as a serious threat and sent both the consuls to confront the slave armies at the head of four legions. Clodianus moved to block Spartacus’s march northward, while his colleague Publicola moved in behind, hoping to catch the rebels between the two armies. However, Spartacus’s slave army destroyed Clodianus' legions in the Apennine Mountains (near modern Pistoia) in the valley named Lentula, and then turned and defeated the oncoming legions of Publicola. Gathering their shattered forces, both consuls gave chase but were once again defeated at a battle near Picenum.

paragraph: Humiliated by these defeats, shortly afterward, in early autumn, Clodianus and Publicola were withdrawn as commanders by the Roman senate, and command of the war given to Marcus Licinius Crassus.

paragraph: This setback to Clodianus’s career was only temporary; with the support of Pompey, both Clodianus and Publicola were appointed censor in 70 BC. They began a systematic purge of the senate, removing some sixty-four senators, among them a number of individuals connected to the trial of Oppianicus, as well as some important individuals such as Gaius Antonius Hybrida and Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura. However, the majority of those expelled were acquitted by the courts and restored to their former position. They also identified 910,000 citizens and possibly named Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livianus as Princeps Senatus.

paragraph: In 70 BC, Clodianus helped contribute to Cicero's famous prosecution of the corrupt governor Verres by submitting evidence in support of Cicero's case.

paragraph: By 67 BC, Clodianus was serving as a legate with praetorian imperium under Pompey, who had received an extraordinary command to rid the Mediterranean Sea of pirates. Clodianus was given command of the east coast of Italy, with his fleet patrolling the coast of the Adriatic Sea. By 66 BC he was back in Rome, where he gave his support to the Lex Manilia, which gave Pompey command of the war against King Mithridates VI of Pontus.

paragraph: Although Clodianus was a noted orator, it was said that he hid his lack of talent through showmanship and the possession of a good voice.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- T. Robert S. Broughton, "The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, Vol II" (1952).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holmes, T. Rice, "The Roman Republic and the Founder of the Empire", Vol. I (1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Syme, Ronald, "The Roman Revolution", Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1939.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anthon, Charles & Smith, William, "A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology and Geography" (1860).

description: politician

wikidata_label: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus

wikipedia_title: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus


text:
courtesy name
art name
Ming dynasty
Hangzhou
Zhejiang
imperial examination
Zhu Gaoxu
Xuande Emperor
Grand Coordinator
Shanxi
Henan
Zhengtong Emperor
Wang Zhen
Minister of War
Beijing
Oirat Mongols
Battle of Tumu
Jingtai Emperor
Chenghua Emperor
posthumous name
Hongzhi Emperor
Wanli Emperor
History of Beijing
Zhang, Tingyu
History of Ming

categories: Executed people from Zhejiang,People executed by the Ming dynasty by decapitation,Executed Ming dynasty people,Ming dynasty politicians,Politicians from Hangzhou,1398 births,Burials in Hangzhou,1457 deaths

paragraph: Yu Qian

paragraph: Yu Qian (1398–1457), courtesy name Tingyi, art name Jie'an, was a Chinese official who served under the Ming dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Yu Qian was born in Qiantang County, Hangzhou, Zhejiang. He started his career in the Ming civil service after obtaining the position of a "jinshi" (進士; successful candidate) in the imperial examination in 1421. He helped to suppress a rebellion by the prince Zhu Gaoxu in 1426 and earned the favour of the Xuande Emperor (r. 1425–1435), who appointed him as the Grand Coordinator of Shanxi and Henan. During the reign of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449), he offended the influential court eunuch Wang Zhen and ended up being imprisoned. However, he was released later, reinstated as an official, and further promoted to serve as the Minister of War.

paragraph: In 1449, Yu Qian played an important role in leading the defence of the Ming capital, Beijing, from attacks by the Oirat Mongols, who had earlier captured the Zhengtong Emperor at the Battle of Tumu. The Jingtai Emperor (r. 1449–1457), who succeeded the Zhengtong Emperor, appointed Yu Qian as the Crown Prince's Guardian and Tutor. In 1457, the former Zhengtong Emperor, who had returned after he was released by the Mongols, seized power from the Jingtai Emperor in a coup and restored himself to the throne as the Tianshun Emperor (r. 1457-1464). Yu Qian was falsely accused of treason and executed. He was later posthumously rehabilitated by the Chenghua Emperor (r. 1464-1487) and given the posthumous name Sumin (lit. "Stern and Suffering") by the Hongzhi Emperor, afterwards changed into "Zhongsu" (lit."loyal and stern") by the Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620). There are memorial halls and shrines built in Beijing and Hangzhou to commemorate and honour Yu Qian.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Beijing

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zhang, Tingyu et al. "History of Ming", Volume 170.

alias:
Sumin
Yu Qian
Zhongmin
Ting?
Jiean
Zhongsu
Tingyi

description: Chinese general

wikidata_label: Yu Qian

wikipedia_title: Yu Qian


text:
Portuguese
infanta
Aragon
Afonso IV of Portugal
Beatrice of Castile
Denis
Elizabeth of Aragon
Sancho IV of Castile
Maria de Molina
Peter I of Portugal
Alfonso XI of Castile
Ferdinand of Aragon
Peter IV of Aragon
Barcelona
Maria of Navarre
Teruel
Jerónimo de Zurita
Rui de Pina
Santarém
Monastery of Poblet

categories: 14th-century women,Aragonese queen consorts,Countesses of Barcelona,1348 deaths,House of Burgundy-Portugal,Majorcan queens consort,14th-century Portuguese people,Burials at the Poblet Monastery,1328 births,14th-century deaths from plague (disease),Portuguese infantas

paragraph: Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Aragon

paragraph: Eleanor of Portugal (1328 - 30 October 1348), was a Portuguese "infanta" and queen consort of Aragon from 1347 to 1348.

paragraph: The youngest daughter of King Afonso IV of Portugal and Beatrice of Castile, Leonor was the granddaughter of King Denis and Elizabeth of Aragon and of Sancho IV of Castile and Maria de Molina and sister of King Peter I of Portugal.

paragraph: Section::::Biographical sketch.

paragraph: Little is known about her childhood. She is first mentioned when she was 18 years old when two kings vied for her hand in order to secure the support of Portugal: Alfonso XI of Castile who wanted her for his nephew Ferdinand of Aragon, and Peter IV of Aragon whom she finally married on 14 or 15 November 1347 in Barcelona. in the same year as the death of the king's first wife, Maria of Navarre. Eleanor was the first and only queen of Aragon who was born in Portugal.

paragraph: She died on 29 October 1348, a year after her wedding, succumbing to the Black Death in Teruel while traveling to Jérica. Even though some authors assert that she had a daughter named Beatrice who died as an infant and was raised by her maternal grandmother, including Jerónimo de Zurita and Rui de Pina, there was no issue from the marriage of the Portuguese infanta and the king of Aragon. She does not mention this child in her will who was mentioned in the two wills of her grandmother Queen Beatrice in 1357 and 1358 in which queen asked that the remains of the infant Beatrice, probably an illegitimate child of King Peter I of Portugal, originally buried at the Convent of Saint Francis in Santarém, were to be placed at her tomb.

paragraph: Queen Eleanor of Portugal was first buried in Jérica and in June 1350 her remains were transferred and buried in the Royal Pantheon of the Monastery of Poblet, as she had expressed in her will executed in September 1348.

description: Queen of Aragon

wikidata_label: Eleanor of Portugal

wikipedia_title: Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Aragon


text: herald

text: knight

text: Hainaut

text: Hundred Years War

text: Edward III of England

text: Philippa of Hainaut

text: England

text: Scotland

text: Katherine

text: John of Gaunt

text: Beaufort

text: Margaret Beaufort

text: Tudor dynasty

text: Joan Beaufort

text: Stuart dynasty

text: Philippa

text: Geoffrey Chaucer

text: feudal lords

text: Le Roeulx

text: John of Beaumont

text: Counts of Hainault

text: Philippa of Hainaut

text: Edward III

text: Froissart

text: King of Arms

text: Guyenne

text: Siege of Calais

text: Burghers of Calais

text: Marguerite

text: Ghent

text: County of Flanders

text: Katherine

text: Philippa

text: Mons

text: Geoffrey Chaucer

text: Constance of Castille

text: Castile

text: Old St Paul's Cathedral

text: Sir John Beauchamp

text: John Weever

text: William Dugdale

text: Great Fire of London

categories: People from Hainaut (province),1380 deaths,Year of birth uncertain,Officers of arms,People of the Hundred Years' War

paragraph: Paon de Roet

paragraph: Paon de Roet (c.1310–1380), also called Paon de Roët, Sir Payn Roelt, Payne Roet and sometimes Gilles Roet, was a herald and knight from Hainaut (in present day Belgium) who was involved in the early stages of the Hundred Years War. He became attached to the court of King Edward III of England through the king's marriage to Philippa of Hainaut.

paragraph: He is most notable for the fact that he became the ancestor of the monarchs of England and of Scotland. The children of his daughter Katherine, mistress and later wife of the king's son John of Gaunt, were given the surname Beaufort and her great-granddaughter Margaret Beaufort gave rise to the Tudor dynasty while her granddaughter Joan Beaufort married into the Stuart dynasty. Another of his daughters, Philippa, also made a notable marriage to the poet Geoffrey Chaucer.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Early life.

paragraph: Born about 1310 in Hainaut, he was "probably christened as Gilles," in English 'Giles' and in Latin 'Egidius', a name used in each generation of the knightly family who were feudal lords of the town of Le Roeulx.

paragraph: However he became known as Paon or Payne, written in Latin as Paganus.

paragraph: He may have been inspired to seek his fortune in England by the example of Fastre de Roet, who accompanied John of Beaumont in 1326, when, with three hundred followers, he went to fight for the English against the Scots. Fastre was a younger brother of Eustace VI, last lord of Le Roeulx and a descendant of the Counts of Hainault. He and his brother Eustace fell into pecuniary straits, and were obliged to alienate their landed possessions. Fastre died in 1331, and was buried in the abbey church of Le Roeulx, while his brother Eustace survived till 1336. Paon was, like Fastre, a younger brother, if not of Eustace VI then of a collateral line.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:In England.

paragraph: Paon de Roet may have come to England as part of the retinue of Philippa of Hainaut, accompanying the young queen in her departure from Valenciennes to join her youthful husband Edward III in England at the close of 1327. His name does not appear in the official list of knights who accompanied the queen from Hainaut. However, Froissart says he was one of a number of additional young knights and squires who added to the queen's retinue, referred to as 'pluissier jone esquier', "i.e." "plusieurs jeunes escuyers" ('other young squires'); Speght (1598)

paragraph: Froissart's account of the history of English monarchs includes a genealogical tree, the relevant part of which begins with Paon's name. He is described as "Paganus de Rouet Hannoniensis, aliter dictus Guien Rex Armorum" ("Paon de Rouet of Hainaut, also called Guyenne King of Arms"). The latter part refers to the title of King of Arms granted by Edward III to Roet for the territory of Guyenne (Aquitaine) which was controlled by Edward.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:France and Hainaut.

paragraph: In 1347, Roet was sent to the Siege of Calais, and was one of two knights deputed by Queen Philippa to conduct out of town the citizens whom she had saved (the so-called Burghers of Calais).

paragraph: He had returned to the lands of Hainaut, probably by 1349. He went to serve the queen’s sister, Marguerite, who was the empress of Germany, and his three younger children—Walter, Philippa and Katherine—were left in the care of Queen Philippa. He died in Ghent, County of Flanders in 1380.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Paon had three daughters, Katherine, Philippa and Isabel (also called Elizabeth) de Roet, and a son, Walter. Isabel was to become Canoness of the convent of St. Waudru at Mons in Hainaut, c. 1366. Philippa married the poet Geoffrey Chaucer in 1366. They met while still children when they were attached to the household of Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster.

paragraph: Katherine became governess to the daughters of John of Gaunt. After the death of John's wife Blanche in 1369, Katherine and John began a love affair which would bring forth four children born out of wedlock and would endure as a lifelong relationship. However, John made a dynastic marriage to Constance of Castille, a claimant to the throne of Castile, after which he called himself "King of Castille". When Constance died he married Katherine and legitimised their children.

paragraph: Section::::Tomb.

paragraph: Paon de Roet's tomb was in Old St Paul's Cathedral, near Sir John Beauchamp's tomb (commonly called "Duke Humphrey's"). In 1631 the antiquary John Weever reported that "upon a faire marble stone, inlaid all over with brasse, (of all which, nothing but the heads of a few brazen nailes are at this day visible) and engraven with the representation and cote-Armes of the party defunct. Thus much of a mangled funerall Inscription was of late time perspicuous to be read".

paragraph: By 1658, still without its brass plate and effigies, the tomb was again described by William Dugdale. It was destroyed, along with many others (including that of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster) in 1666 in the Great Fire of London. A modern monument in the crypt lists De Roet amongst the important graves lost.

paragraph: The inscription (as recorded by Weever, although lost by his day) began:

description: Belgian herald and knight

wikidata_label: Paon de Roet

wikipedia_title: Paon de Roet


text: Shahnameh

text: Sasanian

text: Iran

text: Khosrow I

text: Christian

text: dadwar

text: Ray

text: Middle Persian

text: New Persian

text: Greek

text: Gundeshapur

text: Dinavari

text: Ferdowsi

text: Christianity

text: Procopius

text: Ibn al-Athir

text: Manichaean

text: Byzantines

text: Emesa

text: Nöldeke

text: Ctesiphon

text: Ahvaz

text: Gundeshapur

text: Fariburz

categories: Rebellions against the Sasanian Empire,Sasanian dynasty,Year of birth unknown,6th-century births,6th-century Iranian people,Year of death unknown,6th-century deaths

paragraph: Anoshazad

paragraph: Anoshazad, known in the Shahnameh as Noshzad (meaning "son of the immortal"), was a Sasanian prince who was the leader of a revolt in southern Iran in ca. 550. He was the oldest son of king Khosrow I (r. 531-579), while his mother was a Christian and the daughter of the judge ("dadwar") of Ray.

paragraph: Section::::Etymology.

paragraph: "Anōshāzād" is a Middle Persian name, while "Nōshzād" () is the New Persian form. The Greek form of the name is "Anasozados". Whether it is really a proper name, or rather an epithet, is unclear.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: According to several sources, Anoshazad was sometime before his revolt imprisoned in Gundeshapur by his father. According to Dinavari and Ferdowsi, it was because he had converted to Christianity. However, this is unlikely since neither Procopius nor Ibn al-Athir calls him a Christian; according to Procopius, Anoshazad was imprisoned for seducing some of his father's wives, while Ibn al-Athir states that he was imprisoned because he was suspected of being a crypto-Manichaean.

paragraph: According to Dinavari, while Khosrow I was campaigning in Syria against the Byzantines, he fell ill at Emesa—according to Nöldeke, however, Khosrow never reached the city and instead returned to his capital, Ctesiphon. He further states that Anoshazad had spread false rumours of Khosrow having a deadly sickness. Anoshazad thereafter raised an army, which consisted of prisoners and Christians from Ahvaz and Gundeshapur. However, according to Nöldeke, Fariburz most likely didn't manage to get support from a large number of Christians, which he tried to do so by stating that his mother was a Christian. Nevertheless, he managed to capture Ahvaz and seize its riches.

paragraph: Burzin, who was Khosrow's vice-regent at Ctesiphon, shortly sent an army under Fariburz to besiege Gundeshapur, and informed Khosrow of the revolt. Khosrow thereafter ordered him bring Anoshazad back alive if possible, and to kill all the nobles participating in his revolt, but not the ordinary people. The revolt of Anoshazad was eventually suppressed, while he was captured and taken to Ctesiphon, where he was blinded.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- H. Börm: "Prokop und die Perser. Untersuchungen zu den römisch-sasanidischen Beziehungen in der ausgehenden Spätantike". Stuttgart 2007, S. 119-124.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodor Nöldeke: "Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden. Aus der arabischen Chronik des Tabari übersetzt und mit ausführlichen Erläuterungen versehen". Leiden 1879, S. 467–474.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Catalogue of Syriac Manuscripts in the Library of the Greek Patriarchate of Jerusalem a cura del Reverend Pare Dale A. Johnson (Bar Yohanon)

description: Sasanian prince/son of Khosrau I/leader:revolt in Southern Persia in 550

wikidata_label: Anosazad

wikipedia_title: Anushzad

wikipedia_title: Anoshazad