text: architect

text: Philadelphia

text: atelier

text: Yale School of Architecture

text: University of Pennsylvania

text: AIA Gold Medal

text: RIBA Gold Medal

text: Pärnu

text: Russian Empire

text: Estonia

text: Kuressaare

text: Saaremaa

text: Russian Empire

text: Livonian Governorate

text: Russo-Japanese War

text: naturalized citizen

text: Philadelphia Central High School

text: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

text: University of Pennsylvania School of Fine Arts

text: Paul Philippe Cret

text: Beaux-Arts tradition

text: Bachelor of Architecture

text: 1926 Sesquicentennial Exposition

text: Carcassonne

text: Scotland

text: classicism

text: modernism

text: Paul Philippe Cret

text: Zantzinger, Borie and Medary

text: Dominique Berninger

text: Architectural Research Group

text: populist

text: social agenda

text: aesthetics

text: avant-garde

text: Public Works Administration

text: Great Depression

text: George Howe

text: Philadelphia Housing Authority

text: Oscar Stonorov

text: Pennsylvania

text: American Academy in Rome

text: Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts

text: traffic movement

text: Philadelphia

text: viaduct

text: Yale University

text: Architecture and Planning

text: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

text: University of Pennsylvania

text: Princeton University School of Architecture

text: Fellow

text: American Institute of Architects

text: Frank P. Brown Medal

text: National Academy of Design

text: American Academy of Arts and Sciences

text: AIA Gold Medal

text: Royal Institute of British Architects

text: heart attack

text: Penn Station

text: Manhattan

text: India

text: Anne Tyng

text: Rome, Italy

text: Nathaniel Kahn

text: New York Times

text: Paul Goldberger

text: Oscar

text: Muzharul Islam

text: B. V. Doshi

text: Frank Gehry

text: Ed Bacon

text: Philip Johnson

text: I. M. Pei

text: Vincent J. Scully

text: Robert A. M. Stern

text: Yale University Art Gallery

text: New Haven, Connecticut

text: Richards Medical Research Laboratories

text: University of Pennsylvania

text: Philadelphia

text: Salk Institute

text: La Jolla, California

text: Pacific Ocean

text: First Unitarian Church

text: Rochester, New York

text: Paul Goldberger

text: Pulitzer Prize

text: Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital

text: Dhaka

text: Bangladesh

text: Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad

text: Ahmedabad, India

text: Dhaka

text: Bangladesh

text: Eleanor Donnelly Erdman Hall

text: Bryn Mawr College

text: Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania

text: Phillips Exeter Academy Library

text: Exeter, New Hampshire

text: Twenty-five Year Award

text: American Institute of Architects

text: Kimbell Art Museum

text: Fort Worth, Texas

text: Arts United Center

text: Fort Wayne, Indiana

text: Hurva Synagogue

text: Jerusalem

text: Israel

text: Yale Center for British Art

text: Yale University

text: New Haven, Connecticut

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park

text: Roosevelt Island, New York

text: Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban

text: Dhaka

text: Bangladesh

text: Muzharul Islam

text: Yale University

text: Google Map - location of Louis Kahn's Buildings

text: Jersey Homesteads Cooperative Development

text: Jesse Oser House

text: Phillip Q. Roche House

text: Morton and Lenore Weiss House

text: East Norriton

text: Yale University Art Gallery

text: City Tower Project

text: Trenton Bath House

text: Wharton Esherick Studio

text: Wharton Esherick

text: Richards Medical Research Laboratories

text: University of Pennsylvania

text: Fred E. and Elaine Cox Clever House

text: Cherry Hill, New Jersey

text: Margaret Esherick House

text: Tribune Review Publishing Company Building

text: Salk Institute for Biological Studies

text: First Unitarian Church

text: Erdman Hall Dormitories

text: Bryn Mawr College

text: Norman Fisher House

text: American Wind Symphony Orchestra

text: Indian Institute of Management

text: Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban

text: President's Estate

text: Phillips Exeter Academy Library

text: Kimbell Art Museum

text: Olivetti-Underwood Factory

text: Temple Beth El of Northern Westchester

text: Hurva Synagogue

text: Yale Center for British Art

text: Yale University

text: Steven Korman House

text: Arts United Center

text: Roosevelt Island

text: New York City

text: Flora Lamson Hewlett Library

text: Graduate Theological Union

text: International style

text: Isamu Noguchi

text: Muzharul Islam

text: Tadao Ando

text: high-tech

text: Renzo Piano

text: Richard Rogers

text: Norman Foster

text: Muzharul Islam

text: Moshe Safdie

text: Robert Venturi

text: Jack Diamond

text: Charles Dagit

text: Roosevelt Island

text: William J. vanden Heuvel

text: Nathaniel Kahn

text: Undaunted Mettle

text: Indecent Proposal

text: Woody Harrelson

text: ice cream sandwich

text: Coolhaus

text: Lewis Spratlan

text: Billions

text: "Louis Kahn: Essential Texts"

text: Louis I. Kahn – Philadelphia Architects and Buildings Project

text: Exhibition at the University of Pennsylvania on Louis I. Kahn Interiors

text: Great Buildings Online – Louis I. Kahn

text: Louis Kahn pool

text: flickr

text: The Works of Louis I. Kahn

text: Honoring Louis Kahn's Legacy on the 100th Anniversary of His Birth

text: Redefining the Basemap

text: Louis Kahn traffic studies

text: Kahn Project Amherst College

text: William S. Huff Photographs of the work of Louis Kahn

text: University at Buffalo Libraries

categories: Modernist architects from the United States,University of Pennsylvania faculty,Architecture of Phillips Exeter Academy,American ecclesiastical architects,Estonian emigrants to the United States,People from Kuressaare,Architecture educators,Central High School (Philadelphia) alumni,Louis Kahn buildings,1974 deaths,1901 births,Modernist architects,University of Pennsylvania School of Design alumni,Jewish architects,Yale School of Architecture faculty,Fellows of the American Institute of Architects,Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal,Estonian Jews,American people of Estonian-Jewish descent,Architects from Philadelphia,Estonian architects

paragraph: Louis Kahn

paragraph: Louis Isadore Kahn (born Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky) ( – March 17, 1974) was an American architect, based in Philadelphia. After working in various capacities for several firms in Philadelphia, he founded his own atelier in 1935. While continuing his private practice, he served as a design critic and professor of architecture at Yale School of Architecture from 1947 to 1957. From 1957 until his death, he was a professor of architecture at the School of Design at the University of Pennsylvania.

paragraph: Kahn created a style that was monumental and monolithic; his heavy buildings for the most part do not hide their weight, their materials, or the way they are assembled. Famous for his meticulously built works, his provocative proposals that remained unbuilt, and his teaching, Kahn was one of the most influential architects of the twentieth century. He was awarded the AIA Gold Medal and the RIBA Gold Medal. At the time of his death he was considered by some as "America's foremost living architect."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Louis Kahn, whose original name was Itze-Leib (Leiser-Itze) Schmuilowsky (Schmalowski), was born into a poor Jewish family in Pärnu, formerly in Russian Empire, but now in Estonia. He spent his early childhood in Kuressaare on the island of Saaremaa, then part of the Russian Empire's Livonian Governorate. At the age of three, he saw coals in the stove and was captivated by the light of the coal. He put the coal in his apron, which caught on fire and burned his face. He carried these scars for the rest of his life.

paragraph: In 1906, his family emigrated to the United States, as they feared that his father would be recalled into the military during the Russo-Japanese War. His birth year may have been inaccurately recorded in the process of immigration. According to his son's 2003 documentary film, the family could not afford pencils. They made their own charcoal sticks from burnt twigs so that Louis could earn a little money from drawings. Later he earned money by playing piano to accompany silent movies in theaters. He became a naturalized citizen on May 15, 1914. His father changed their name to Kahn in 1915.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Education.

paragraph: Kahn excelled in art from a young age, repeatedly winning the annual award for the best watercolor by a Philadelphia high school student. He was an unenthusiastic and undistinguished student at Philadelphia Central High School until he took a course in architecture in his senior year, which convinced him to become an architect. He turned down an offer to go to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts to study art under a full scholarship, instead working at a variety of jobs to pay his own tuition for a degree in architecture at the University of Pennsylvania School of Fine Arts. There, he studied under Paul Philippe Cret in a version of the Beaux-Arts tradition, one that discouraged excessive ornamentation.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.

paragraph: After completing his Bachelor of Architecture in 1924, Kahn worked as senior draftsman in the office of the city architect, John Molitor. He worked on the designs for the 1926 Sesquicentennial Exposition.

paragraph: In 1928, Kahn made a European tour. He was interested particularly in the medieval walled city of Carcassonne, France, and the castles of Scotland, rather than any of the strongholds of classicism or modernism. After returning to the United States in 1929, Kahn worked in the offices of Paul Philippe Cret, his former studio critic at the University of Pennsylvania, and then with Zantzinger, Borie and Medary in Philadelphia.

paragraph: In 1932, Kahn and Dominique Berninger founded the Architectural Research Group, whose members were interested in the populist social agenda and new aesthetics of the European avant-gardes. Among the projects Kahn worked on during this collaboration are schemes for public housing that he had presented to the Public Works Administration, which supported some similar projects during the Great Depression. They remained unbuilt.

paragraph: Among the more important of Kahn's early collaborations was one with George Howe. Kahn worked with Howe in the late 1930s on projects for the Philadelphia Housing Authority and again in 1940, along with German-born architect Oscar Stonorov, for the design of housing developments in other parts of Pennsylvania. A formal architectural office partnership between Kahn and Oscar Stonorov began in February 1942 and ended in March 1947, which produced fifty-four documented projects and buildings.

paragraph: Kahn did not arrive at his distinctive architectural style until he was in his fifties. Initially working in a fairly orthodox version of the International Style, he was influenced vitally by a stay as Architect in Residence at the American Academy in Rome during 1950, which marked a turning point in his career. After visiting the ruins of ancient buildings in Italy, Greece, and Egypt, he adopted a back-to-the-basics approach. He developed his own style as influenced by earlier modern movements, but not limited by their sometimes-dogmatic ideologies.

paragraph: In 1961 he received a grant from the Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts to study traffic movement in Philadelphia and to create a proposal for a viaduct system.

paragraph: He described this proposal at a lecture given in 1962 at the International Design Conference in Aspen, Colorado:

paragraph: In the center of town the streets should become buildings. This should be interplayed with a sense of movement which does not tax local streets for non-local traffic. There should be a system of viaducts which encase an area which can reclaim the local streets for their own use, and it should be made so this viaduct has a ground floor of shops and usable area. A model which I did for the Graham Foundation recently, and which I presented to Mr. Entenza, showed the scheme.

paragraph: Kahn's teaching career began at Yale University in 1947. He eventually was named as the "Albert F. Bemis Professor" of Architecture and Planning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1956. Kahn then returned to Philadelphia to teach at the University of Pennsylvania from 1957 until his death, becoming the "Paul Philippe Cret Professor of Architecture". He also was a visiting lecturer at Princeton University School of Architecture from 1961 to 1967.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: Kahn was elected a Fellow in the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 1953. He was made a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1964. He was awarded the Frank P. Brown Medal in 1964. In 1965 he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate Academician. He was made a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1968 and awarded the AIA Gold Medal, the highest award given by the AIA, in 1971, and the Royal Gold Medal by the Royal Institute of British Architects (RBIA), in 1972.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: In 1974, Kahn died of a heart attack in a restroom at Penn Station in Manhattan. He had just returned from a work trip to India. Owing to police miscommunications in both New York City and Philadelphia, his wife and his office were not notified until two days after his death. After his long career, he was in debt when he died.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Kahn had three children with three women. With his wife, Esther (1905-1996), whom he married in 1930, he had a daughter, Sue Ann. With Anne Tyng, who began her working collaboration and personal relationship with Kahn in 1945, he also had a daughter, Alexandra. When Tyng became pregnant in 1953, to mitigate the scandal, she went to Rome, Italy, for the birth of their daughter. With Harriet Pattison, he had a son, Nathaniel Kahn. Most biographical works on Kahn fail to describe the profound impact his female partners had on his designs. Anne Tyng was an extremely talented architect and teacher, while Harriet Pattison was a pioneering landscape architect.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Kahn's obituary in the "New York Times" written by Paul Goldberger mentions only Esther and his daughter by her as survivors. All of his children and their mothers attended the funeral. In 2003 Nathaniel Kahn released a documentary about his father, entitled, "." The Oscar-nominated film provides views and insights into the architecture of Kahn while exploring him personally through people who knew him: family, friends, and colleagues. It includes interviews with such renowned architectural contemporaries as Muzharul Islam, B. V. Doshi, Frank Gehry, Ed Bacon, Philip Johnson, I. M. Pei, Vincent J. Scully, and Robert A. M. Stern. It also provides insights into Kahn's unusual and complicated family arrangements.

paragraph: Section::::Designs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut (1951–1953), the first significant commission of Louis Kahn and his first masterpiece, replete with technical innovations. For example, he designed a hollow concrete tetrahedral space-frame that did away with the need for ductwork and reduced the floor-to-floor height by channeling air through the structure itself. Like many of Kahn's buildings, the Art Gallery makes subtle references to its context while overtly rejecting any historical style.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richards Medical Research Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1957–1965), a breakthrough in Kahn's career that helped set new directions for modern architecture with its clear expression of served and servant spaces and its evocation of the architecture of the past.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California (1959–1965) was to be a campus composed of three main clusters: meeting and conference areas, living quarters, and laboratories. Only the laboratory cluster, consisting of two parallel blocks enclosing a water garden, was built. The two laboratory blocks frame a long view of the Pacific Ocean, accentuated by a thin linear fountain that seems to reach for the horizon. It has been named "arguably the defining work" of Kahn.

paragraph: BULLET::::- First Unitarian Church, Rochester, New York (1959–1969), named as one of the greatest religious structures of the twentieth century by Paul Goldberger, the Pulitzer Prize-winning architectural critic. Tall, narrow window recesses create an irregular rhythm of shadows on the exterior while four light towers flood the sanctuary walls with indirect, natural light.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, in Ahmedabad, India (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleanor Donnelly Erdman Hall, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania (1960-1965), designed as a modern Scottish castle. Page text.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phillips Exeter Academy Library, Exeter, New Hampshire (1965–1972), awarded the Twenty-five Year Award by the American Institute of Architects in 1997. It is famous for its dramatic atrium with enormous circular openings into the book stacks.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas (1967–1972), features repeated bays of cycloid-shaped barrel vaults with light slits along the apex, which bathe the artwork on display in an ever-changing diffuse light.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arts United Center, Fort Wayne, Indiana (1973), The only building realized of a ten-building Arts Campus vision, Kahn's only theatre and building in the Midwest

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hurva Synagogue, Jerusalem, Israel, (1968–1974), unbuilt

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yale Center for British Art, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (1969–1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park, Roosevelt Island, New York (1972–1974), construction completed 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban (National Assembly Building) in Dhaka, Bangladesh was Kahn's last project, developed 1962 to 1974. Kahn got the design contract with the help of Muzharul Islam, one of his students at Yale University, who worked with him on the project. The Bangladeshi Parliament building is the centerpiece of the national capital complex designed by Kahn, which includes hostels, dining halls, and a hospital. According to Robert McCarter, author of "Louis I. Kahn", "it is one of the twentieth century's greatest architectural monuments, and is without question Kahn's magnum opus."

paragraph: Google Map - location of Louis Kahn's Buildings

paragraph: Section::::Timeline of works.

paragraph: All dates refer to the year project commenced

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 – Jersey Homesteads Cooperative Development, Hightstown, New Jersey

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 – Jesse Oser House, 628 Stetson Road, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 – Phillip Q. Roche House, 2101 Harts Lane, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950 - Morton and Lenore Weiss House, 2935 Whitehall Rd, East Norriton, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951 – Yale University Art Gallery, 1111 Chapel Street, New Haven, Connecticut

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952 – City Tower Project, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (unbuilt)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 – Jewish Community Center (aka Trenton Bath House), 999 Lower Ferry Road, Ewing, New Jersey

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956 – Wharton Esherick Studio, 1520 Horseshoe Trail, Malvern, Pennsylvania (designed with Wharton Esherick)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957 – Richards Medical Research Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957 – Fred E. and Elaine Cox Clever House, 417 Sherry Way, Cherry Hill, New Jersey

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 – Margaret Esherick House, 204 Sunrise Lane, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 – Tribune Review Publishing Company Building, 622 Cabin Hill Drive, Greensburg, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 – Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 – First Unitarian Church, 220 South Winton Road, Rochester, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 – Erdman Hall Dormitories, Bryn Mawr College, Morris Avenue, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 – Norman Fisher House, 197 East Mill Road, Hatboro, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961 – "Point Counterpoint", a converted barge performance venue used by the American Wind Symphony Orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961 - Philadelphia's Mikveh Israel, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (unbuilt)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961 – Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962 – Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban, the National Assembly Building of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963 – President's Estate, Islamabad, Pakistan (unbuilt)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965 – Phillips Exeter Academy Library, Front Street, Exeter, New Hampshire

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966 – Kimbell Art Museum, 3333 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, Texas

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966 – Olivetti-Underwood Factory, Valley Road, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966 - Temple Beth El of Northern Westchester, Chappaqua, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968 – Hurva Synagogue, Jerusalem, Israel (unbuilt)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969 – Yale Center for British Art, Yale University, 1080 Chapel Street, New Haven, Connecticut

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971 – Steven Korman House, Sheaff Lane, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973 – Arts United Center (Formerly known as the Fine Arts Foundation Civic Center), Fort Wayne, Indiana

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974 – Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park, Roosevelt Island, New York City, New York, completed 2012.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976 – "Point Counterpoint II", an improved concert venue for the American Wind Symphony Orchestra, is debuted posthumously

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 – Flora Lamson Hewlett Library of the Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, California

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Louis Kahn's work infused the International style with a fastidious, highly personal taste, a poetry of light. His few projects reflect his deep personal involvement with each. Isamu Noguchi called him "a philosopher among architects." He was known for his ability to create monumental architecture that responded to the human scale. He also was concerned with creating strong formal distinctions between "served" spaces and "servant" spaces. What he meant by "servant" spaces was not spaces for servants, but rather spaces that serve other spaces, such as stairwells, corridors, restrooms, or any other back-of-house function such as storage space or mechanical rooms. His palette of materials tended toward heavily textured brick and bare concrete, the textures often reinforced by juxtaposition to highly refined surfaces such as travertine marble. He is often well remembered for his deliberation about the use of brick, on how it can be more than the basic building material:

paragraph: If you think of Brick, you say to Brick, 'What do you want, Brick?' And Brick says to you, 'I like an Arch.' And if you say to Brick, 'Look, arches are expensive, and I can use a concrete lintel over you. What do you think of that, Brick?' Brick says, 'I like an Arch.' And it's important, you see, that you honor the material that you use. ... You can only do it if you honor the brick and glorify the brick instead of shortchanging it.

paragraph: While widely known for the poetic sensibilities of his spaces, Kahn also worked closely with engineers and contractors on his buildings. The results often were technically innovative and highly refined. In addition to the influence Kahn's more well-known work has on contemporary architects (such as Muzharul Islam, Tadao Ando), some of his work (especially the unbuilt City Tower Project) became very influential among the high-tech architects of the late twentieth century (such as Renzo Piano, who worked in Kahn's office, Richard Rogers, and Norman Foster). His prominent apprentices include Muzharul Islam, Moshe Safdie, Robert Venturi, Jack Diamond, and Charles Dagit.

paragraph: Many years after his death, Kahn continues to provoke controversy. Before his Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park at the southern tip of Roosevelt Island was built, a "New York Times" editorial opined:

paragraph: There's a magic to the project. That the task is daunting makes it worthy of the man it honors, who guided the nation through the Depression, the New Deal and a world war. As for Mr. Kahn, he died in 1974, as he passed alone through New York City's Penn Station. In his briefcase were renderings of the memorial, his last completed plan.

paragraph: The editorial describes Kahn's plan as:

paragraph: ... simple and elegant. Drawing inspiration from Roosevelt's defense of the Four Freedoms—of speech and religion, and from want and fear—he designed an open 'room and a garden' at the bottom of the island. Trees on either side form a 'V' defining a green space, and leading to a two-walled stone room at the water's edge that frames the United Nations and the rest of the skyline.

paragraph: A group spearheaded by William J. vanden Heuvel raised over $50 million in public and private funds between 2005 and 2012 to establish the memorial. Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park officially opened to the public on October 24, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Kahn was the subject of the 2003 Oscar-nominated documentary film "", presented by Nathaniel Kahn, his son. Kahn's complicated family life inspired the "Undaunted Mettle" episode of "".

paragraph: In the 1993 film "Indecent Proposal", character David Murphy (played by Woody Harrelson), referenced Kahn during a lecture to architecture students, attributing the quote "Even a brick wants to be something" to Kahn.

paragraph: Architecturally inspired ice cream sandwich maker Coolhaus, based in Los Angeles, California, named a cookie and ice cream combination after Kahn. Dubbed "Louis Ba-kahn", the sandwich consists of chocolate chip cookies and Brown Butter Candied Bacon ice cream.

paragraph: Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Lewis Spratlan, with collaborators Jenny Kallick and John Downey (Amherst College, class of 2003), composed the chamber opera "Architect" as a character study of Kahn. The premiere recording was due to be released in 2012 by Navona Records.

paragraph: In Showtime's "Billions" (Season 4, Episode 6), Taylor Mason and Wendy Rhoades meet at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park and discussed Kahn's genius and his relationship with his estranged son.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kahn, Louis. "Louis Kahn: Essential Texts", edited by Robert Twombly. London & New York: WW Norton & Company, 2003.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis I. Kahn – Philadelphia Architects and Buildings Project

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Louis I. Kahn Collection – The Architectural Archives of the University of Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibition at the University of Pennsylvania on Louis I. Kahn Interiors

paragraph: BULLET::::- Great Buildings Online – Louis I. Kahn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Kahn pool on flickr

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Works of Louis I. Kahn, a personal collection of photographs taken at various Kahn buildings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honoring Louis Kahn's Legacy on the 100th Anniversary of His Birth

paragraph: BULLET::::- Redefining the Basemap

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Kahn traffic studies

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kahn Project Amherst College

paragraph: BULLET::::- William S. Huff Photographs of the work of Louis Kahn from the University at Buffalo Libraries

alias:
Louis Isadore Kahn
Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky
Louis I. Kahn
Louis Isidore Kahn
Louis I Kahn

description: American architect

wikidata_label: Louis Kahn

wikipedia_title: Louis Kahn


text: courtesy name

text: polymath

text: physician

text: naturalist

text: pharmacologist

text: herbalist

text: acupuncturist

text: Ming dynasty

text: Compendium of Materia Medica

text: Chinese Medicine

text: herbs

text: botany

text: zoology

text: mineralogy

text: metallurgy

text: Ming Dynasty

text: Neo-Confucian

text: Qichun County, Hubei

text: civil service exam

text: Beijing

text: logical system

text: emaciated

text: materia medica

text: China

text: chronological

text: prescriptions

text: gallstone

text: Library of Congress

text: World War II

text: pharmaceutical

text: materia medica

text: Chinese herbology

text: Traditional Chinese medicine

text: "Li Shizhen"

text: Encyclopedia of China

categories: 1593 deaths,Ming dynasty writers,Scientists from Hubei,1518 births,Physicians from Hubei,Traditional Chinese medicine practitioners,16th-century Chinese physicians,Chinese mineralogists,Chinese pharmacologists,Chinese science writers,Chinese naturalists,Qigong,People from Huanggang

paragraph: Li Shizhen

paragraph: Li Shizhen (July 3, 1518  – 1593), courtesy name Dongbi, was a Chinese polymath, physician, naturalist, pharmacologist, herbalist, acupuncturist, and writer of the Ming dynasty. His major contribution to clinical medicine was his 27-year work, which is found in his scientific book "Compendium of Materia Medica". He is also considered to be the greatest scientific naturalist of China, and developed many innovative methods for the proper classification of herb components and medications to be used for treating diseases.

paragraph: The "Compendium" is a medical text with 1,892 entries, with details about more than 1,800 drugs (Chinese Medicine), including 1,100 illustrations and 11,000 prescriptions. It also described the type, form, flavor, nature and application in disease treatments of 1,094 herbs. The book has been translated into many different languages, and remains as the premier reference work for herbal medicine. The treatise included various related subjects such as botany, zoology, mineralogy, and metallurgy. The book was reprinted frequently and five of the original editions still exist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In addition to "Compendium of Materia Medica", Li wrote eleven other books, including "Binhu Maixue" ("Pin-hu Mai-hsueh"; ; "A Study of the Pulse") and "Qijing Bamai Kao" ("Chi-ching Pa-mai Kao"; ; "An Examination of the Eight Extra Meridians"). He lived during the Ming Dynasty and was influenced by the Neo-Confucian beliefs of the time. He was born in what is today Qizhou, Qichun County, Hubei in July 3, 1518 AD and died 75 years later, in 1593.

paragraph: Li's grandfather had been a doctor who traveled the countryside and was considered relatively low on the social scale of the time. His father was a traditional physician and scholar who had written several influential books. He tried to move up in society and encouraged his son to seek a government position. Li took the national civil service exam three times, but after failing each one, he turned to medicine. At 78, his father took him on as an apprentice. When he was 38, and a practicing physician, he cured the son of the Prince of Chu and was invited to be an official there. A few years after, he got a government position as assistant president at the Imperial Medical Institute in Beijing. However, even though he had climbed up the social ladder, as his father had originally wanted, he left a year later to return to being a doctor.

paragraph: In his government position, Li was able to read many rare medical books; he also saw the disorder, mistakes, and conflicting information that were serious problems in most medical publications of the time and soon began the book "Compendium of Materia Medica" to compile correct information with a logical system of organization. A small part was based on another book which had been written several hundred years earlier, "Jingshi Zhenglei Beiji Bencao" ("Ching-hsih Cheng-lei Pei-chi Pen-tsao"; "Classified Materia Medica for Emergencies") – which, unlike many other books, had formulas and recipes for most of the entries. In the writing of the "Compendium of Materia Medica", he travelled extensively, gaining first-hand experience with many herbs and local remedies and consulted over 800 books – nearly every medical book in print at the time.

paragraph: Altogether, the writing of "Compendium of Materia Medica" took 27 years, which included three revisions. Ironically, writing the book allegedly took a considerable toll on his health. It was rumored that he stayed indoors for ten consecutive years during the writing of the "Compendium of Materia Medica". After he had completed it, a friend “reported that Li was emaciated.”

paragraph: Li died before the book was officially published, and the current emperor paid it little regard. However, it remained one of the most important materia medica of China.

paragraph: The mineral lishizhenite, described in 1990, is named in his honor.

paragraph: Section::::"Compendium of Materia Medica".

paragraph: "Compendium of Materia Medica" was a massive literary undertaking. Li's bibliography included nearly 900 books. Because of its size, it was not easy to use, though it was organized much more clearly than others that had come before, which had classified herbs only according to strength. He broke them down to animal, mineral, and plant and divided those categories by their source. Dr. S. Y. Tan says: “his plants were classified according to the habitat, such as aquatic or rock origins, or by special characteristics, e.g. all sweet-smelling plants were grouped together.”

paragraph: Li had exemplary recording techniques. Seeking to fix the errors of previous works, the medicinal plants and substances in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" were clearly organized and categorized. With every entry, he included:

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Information concerning a previously false classification;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Information on secondary names, including the sources of the names;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collected explanations, commentaries and quotes in chronological order, including origin of the material, appearance, time of collection, medicinally useful parts, similarities with other medicinal materials;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Information concerning the preparation of the material;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Explanation of doubtful points;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Correction of mistakes;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taste and nature;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Enumeration of main indications;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Explanation of the effects; and

paragraph: BULLET::::- Enumeration of prescriptions in which the material is used, including form and dosage of the prescriptions.”

paragraph: "Compendium of Materia Medica" contained nearly 1,900 substances, which included 374 that had not appeared in other works. Not only did it list and describe the substances, but it also included prescriptions for use – about 11,000 - 8,000 of which were not well known.

paragraph: The "Compendium of Materia Medica" also had 1160 illustrated drawings to aid the text.

paragraph: In addition to writing "Compendium of Materia Medica", Li was one of the first to recognize gallstones, use ice to bring down a fever, and to use steam and fumigants to prevent the spread of infection. Li also emphasized preventative medicine.

paragraph: He said that “‘To cure disease is like waiting until one is thirsty before digging a well...’” and listed over 500 treatments to maintain good health and strengthen the body, 50 of which he invented himself.

paragraph: "Compendium of Materia Medica" still has scientific, medical, and historical significance today. A plant or substance’s inclusion in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" is a sign of posterity. Medical clinics and manufacturers use his name and image on their logos and products and there was even a movie made about his life in 1956. His image can be found at almost every traditional medical college in China and in many books about Chinese medicine. There is even a Li Shizhen award for “doctors and researchers who have made valuable contributions to traditional Chinese medicine.”

paragraph: While only six copies of the original edition remain – One in the US Library of Congress, two in China, and three in Japan (a seventh copy in Berlin was destroyed during World War II) – several new editions and numerous translations have been made throughout the centuries, and it was not replaced as "the" pharmaceutical materia medica of China until 1959: over 400 years after its first publication.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chinese herbology

paragraph: BULLET::::- Traditional Chinese medicines derived from the human body

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wang, Zichun, "Li Shizhen". "Encyclopedia of China" (Biology Edition), 1st ed.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Classics of Traditional Chinese Medicine." National Library of Medicine. 12 Jan. 2005. National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health. 24 Apr. 2006 https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/chinese/chinesehome.html.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tufts EBCAM." Tufts University. 09 Feb. 2006. Tufts University Medical School, New England School of Acupuncture. 24 Apr. 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20060415090909/http://www.tufts.edu/med/ebcam/eastAsianMed/transmissionThought2.html.

description: Chinese polymath and scientist

wikidata_label: Li Shizhen

wikipedia_title: Li Shizhen


text:
Former Zhao
empress
history of China
Emperor Hui of Jin
Liu Yao
Sima Lun
Tai'an
Shandong
Sima Lun
Empress Jia Nanfeng
developmentally disabled
Sima Jiong
Sima Ying
Sima Ai
Sima Yong
War of the Eight Princes
crown prince
Chang'an
Luoyang
Sima Yue
Sima Chi
empress dowager
Shi Le
Liu Xī
Liu Yin
Liu Cong
Emperor Min
Jin Zhun
Linfen
Shanxi
Later Zhao
Book of Jin
Zizhi Tongjian

categories: 3rd-century Chinese women,4th-century women,3rd-century Chinese people,3rd-century births,3rd-century women,322 deaths,Former Zhao empresses,4th-century Chinese women,Jin dynasty (265–420) empresses

paragraph: Yang Xianrong

paragraph: Yang Xianrong (羊獻容) (died 322), formally (as honored by Former Zhao) Empress Xianwen (獻文皇后, literally "the wise and civil empress") was an empress—uniquely in the history of China, for two different empires and two different emperors. Her first husband was Emperor Hui of Jin, and her second husband was Liu Yao of Han Zhao. Also unique was the fact that she was deposed four and restored four times as the empress of Jin (five, if one counts a brief usurpation by Sima Lun against her husband in 301).

paragraph: Section::::As empress of Jin.

paragraph: Yang Xianrong was from Taishan Commandery (roughly modern Tai'an, Shandong). Her father was the mid-level official Yang Xuanzhi (羊玄之). Her maternal grandfather was the general Sun Qi (孫旂), a distant relative of Sun Xiu (孫秀), the chief strategist for Sima Lun the Prince of Zhao. Therefore, after Sima Lun and Sun overthrew Empress Jia Nanfeng in 300, Sun had Yang Xianrong selected as the new empress. Little is known about how her relationship with her developmentally disabled husband (save her words to her second husband, referred to below) was. After Sima Lun briefly usurped the throne in 301 but was then defeated by Sima Jiong the Prince of Qi and Sima Ying the Prince of Chengdu, both Sun Xiu and Sun Qi were killed, along with their clans. Empress Yang's father Yang Xuanzhi was, however, promoted. (He would die in fear in 303, however, as his friendship with Sima Ai the Prince of Changsha was used as an excuse for Sima Ying and Sima Yong the Prince of Hejian to attack Sima Ai.)

paragraph: As Emperor Hui continued to be a pawn of the princes during the War of the Eight Princes, Empress Yang herself appeared to have had little influence. She was, however, frequently used as an excuse for certain conspirators' actions, and during the span from 304 to 306 she was deposed four times and restored four times, often in conjunction with her husband's nephew Sima Qin (司馬覃)'s fortunes as crown prince. She was nearly killed after her fourth removal in 305, as Sima Yong, then holding Emperor Hui at Chang'an and leaving her in the capital Luoyang, became convinced that she was easily usable by his opponents as a rubber stamp, and so he ordered that she be forced to commit suicide. The governor of the capital region, Liu Tun (劉暾) offered a petition to save her life, which nearly cost him his own—as Sima Yong ordered to have him arrested, and he was barely able to flee with his life. However, after Liu's intercession, for whatever reason, Sima Yong cancelled the order to have her forced to commit suicide.

paragraph: In 306, as the War of the Eight Princes neared its end and Emperor Hui was allowed to return to Luoyang after Sima Yue the Prince of Donghai defeated Sima Yong, he welcomed Yang back as his empress. In early 307, however, he was poisoned to death. (Most historians believe that Sima Yue was behind the poisoning, but there is no conclusive evidence.) The recognized heir was Emperor Hui's brother, Sima Chi the crown prince, but Empress Yang, believing that she would not be honored as empress dowager if her brother-in-law inherited the throne, tried to have Sima Qin declared emperor; she was rebuffed by Sima Yue, however, and Crown Prince Chi succeeded to the throne as Emperor Huai. (Her attempt might have cost Prince Qin his life, as Sima Yue had him executed in 308.) Emperor Huai honored her with the title "Empress Hui," but not empress dowager.

paragraph: Empress Yang's influence or lack thereof during Emperor Huai's reign was unclear, but since Emperor Huai himself did not have much power (with Sima Yue still holding onto much the power), it was not likely that Empress Yang had significant influence. After Sima Yue's death in 311, the Jin armies were in shambles and unable to protect Luoyang any further. Luoyang soon fell to Han Zhao's armies, led by the generals Huyan Yan (呼延晏), Wang Mi (王彌), Shi Le, and Liu Yao the Prince of Shi'an. Liu Yao burnt most of Luoyang and executed a large number of Jin officials, but did not kill Empress Yang; instead, he took her as his own wife.

paragraph: Section::::As empress of Han Zhao.

paragraph: Little is known about Yang Xianrong's life with Liu Yao, other than that she was favored by him and bore him three sons — Liu Xī, Liu Xí (劉襲, note different tone), and Liu Chan (劉闡). (It was not clear whether she was his wife or concubine by this point — Liu Yao had an earlier wife, Princess Bu, who was described as having died and having been princess when her son Liu Yin was created the Prince of Yong'an in 323.) Liu Yao, as the trusted cousin of the Han Zhao emperor Liu Cong, had many military responsibilities and was in charge of the Chang'an region after he captured it and Emperor Huai's successor Emperor Min in 316. In 318, after the Han Zhao prime minister Jin Zhun massacred the Han Zhao imperial family and nobles in the capital Pingyang (平陽, in modern Linfen, Shanxi) after a coup, the officials who fled from the massacre offered the throne to Liu Yao, who accepted. After his and Shi Le's forces defeated Jin's, he moved the capital to Chang'an. In 319, he created Yang Xianrong his empress and her son Liu Xī crown prince. Once, Liu Yao asked her: "How do I compare to the Sima man?" Her response was:

paragraph: Liu Yao greatly favored her, and she was involved in governmental matters. She died in 322. Her son Liu Xī would continue to be crown prince, but both Liu Yao and Liu Xī were killed by Shi Le's Later Zhao forces after Han Zhao fell to Later Zhao in 329.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Book of Jin", vols. , .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zizhi Tongjian", vols. , , , , , .

description: Chinese empress

wikidata_label: Empress Yang Xianrong

wikipedia_title: Yang Xianrong


text: American

text: rapper

text: North Carolina

text: Little Brother

text: The Foreign Exchange

text: R&B

text: singer

text: Rapper Big Pooh

text: 9th Wonder

text: North Carolina Central University

text: English major

text: The Listening

text: Atlantic Records

text: The Minstrel Show

text: Getback

text: Nicolay

text: Connected

text: Leave It All Behind

text: Kev Brown

text: Washington D.C.

text: Low Budget collective

text: DJ Shadow

text: The Outsider

text: Playaz Circle

text: Supply & Demand

text: Authenticity

text: Detroit

text: R&B

text: pop

text: a-Ha

text: Take On Me

text: Toto

text: Africa

text: Joe Jackson

text: Stepping Out

text: More Is Than Isn't

text: Phonte RBMA video lecture session

categories: Musicians from Durham, North Carolina,1978 births,Living people,21st-century American rappers,African-American male rappers,American hip hop singers,Atlantic Records artists,American contemporary R&B singers,Southern hip hop musicians,Rappers from North Carolina

paragraph: Phonte

paragraph: Phonte Lyshod Coleman, better known mononymously as Phonte (born December 28, 1978), is an American rapper, formerly of the now defunct North Carolina trio Little Brother and one-half of the duo The Foreign Exchange. He has also recorded R&B-flavored output as a singer (often under the pseudonym Percy Miracles), and with Nicolay on The Foreign Exchange. His rhymes tend to be no-frills perspectives on working-class life.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Little Brother.

paragraph: Phonte first met the other members of Little Brother, Rapper Big Pooh and 9th Wonder, in 1998 while attending North Carolina Central University, as an English major. The three shared common musical interests and decided to form a group. "Speed", the group's first song recorded together, led to them signing a deal with the independent ABB Records, and recording their debut album, "The Listening". The album's success led to the group signing a non-exclusive deal with major label Atlantic Records.

paragraph: The group's 2005 album, "The Minstrel Show", was a concept album dealing with the current state of hip hop music. The album received a positive critical reaction but very little commercial success. During the recording of their third album, the group announced the departure of producer 9th Wonder on amicable terms, as well as a parting of ways with their label. Through a contractual clause they landed back on ABB Records and released "Getback" in late 2007.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:The Foreign Exchange.

paragraph: Phonte "met" (virtually) Dutch producer Nicolay on an OkayPlayer message board. The two released their debut album, "Connected", having never met face to face. The Foreign Exchange has released four albums and has garnered a Grammy nomination for Best Urban/Alternative Performance for the track "Daykeeper" (feat. Muhsinah) off of the second album, "Leave It All Behind".

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Solo work.

paragraph: Phonte has appeared on numerous records by other artists, often as a vocalist. He made a guest appearance on the song "Beats N' Rhymes" from producer Kev Brown's album "I Do What I Do", and has also recorded tracked with producer Oddisee, both members of the Washington D.C. (DMV)-based Low Budget collective. In 2006, he was featured on producer DJ Shadow's "The Outsider" album. In the following year he contributed vocals to rap group Playaz Circle's "Paper Chaser", from their album "Supply & Demand". Phonte's recent projects include The Foreign Exchange's third album, "Authenticity", as well as a collaboration (as Tiggalo) with Detroit-based musician Zo! titled " Zo! & Tigallo Love the 80’s". The latter of these is intended as an homage to early 1980s R&B and pop music and features covers of popular songs such as a-Ha's "Take On Me", Toto's "Africa", and Joe Jackson's "Stepping Out". He appeared on RJD2's 2013 album "More Is Than Isn't".

paragraph: He released his solo-debut titled "Charity Starts at Home" on September 27, 2011 through FE Music. His second album, "No News Is Good News", was released on March 2, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phonte RBMA video lecture session

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Phonte and Nicolay at Leisure Lab

description: American rapper

wikidata_label: Phonte

wikipedia_title: Phonte


text:
footballer
SC Bastia
Ligue 2
FC Martigues

wikipedia_title:
Association football
SC Bastia
Ligue 2
FC Martigues

categories: Gazélec Ajaccio players,Ligue 2 players,1981 births,FC Martigues players,Sporting Club Toulon players,AS Furiani-Agliani players,CA Bastia players,French footballers,Living people,Association football goalkeepers,Championnat National players

paragraph: Sébastien Lombard

paragraph: Sébastien Lombard (born August 20, 1981) is a French professional footballer who plays for SC Bastia.

paragraph: He played on the professional level in Ligue 2 for FC Martigues.

description: Footballer

wikidata_label: Sébastien Lombard

wikipedia_title: Sébastien Lombard


text:
Regent
Fujiwara no Michinaga
Taira no Tadatsune
Kazusa Province
Minamoto
Kōzuke Province
Hitachi Province
Konjaku Monogatarishū
Minamoto no Mitsunaka
Minamoto no Yoriyoshi
Minamoto no Yoriyoshi
Minamoto no Yoshiie
Seiwa Genji
Iwashimizu Hachimangū
Hachiman

wikipedia_title:
Sesshō and Kampaku
Fujiwara no Michinaga
Taira no Tadatsune
Kazusa Province
Minamoto clan
Kōzuke Province
Hitachi Province
Konjaku Monogatarishū
Minamoto no Mitsunaka
Minamoto no Yoriyoshi
Minamoto no Yoriyoshi
Minamoto no Yoshiie
Seiwa Genji
Iwashimizu Hachimangū
Hachiman

categories: 1048 deaths,968 births,Minamoto clan,People of Heian-period Japan

paragraph: Minamoto no Yorinobu

paragraph: Yorinobu is particularly known for being a favorite of the Regent Fujiwara no Michinaga, and for suppressing a revolt by Taira no Tadatsune, vice-governor of Kazusa Province. He had originally refused, for personal reasons, but eventually assented to taking on the charge of defeating Tadatsune, after being made Governor of Kai. While making preparations to attack, Tadatsune surrendered, offering no resistance in 1031. In putting an end to this rebellion, Yorinobu not only furthered the Court's goals and his own reputation, but he created an opening for Minamoto influence in the eastern portions of the country.

paragraph: The story of the capture of Tadatsune while Yorinobu was the Governor of Kai, and other stories while he was the governor of Kōzuke Province and Hitachi Province, appear in the Konjaku Monogatarishū (vol. 25, sec. 9 and 11).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Minamoto no Mitsunaka

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: daughter of Fujiwara no Munetada

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife: Shuri Myobu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Yoriyoshi by Shuri Myobu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Yorikiyo (995-1073) by Shuri Myobu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Yorisue

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Yorimune

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Yorito

paragraph: BULLET::::- daughter married Minamoto no Tamemitsu

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Yoriyoshi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Yoshiie

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seiwa Genji

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iwashimizu Hachimangū

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hachiman

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sansom, George (1958). 'A History of Japan to 1334'. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

description: Samurai commander and member of the powerful Minamoto clan

wikidata_label: Minamoto no Yorinobu

wikipedia_title: Minamoto no Yorinobu


text:
Strumica
Izolda Barudžija
Yugoslavia
Eurovision Song Contest
cello
Ana Rucner
Music of Croatia

wikipedia_title: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

categories: Yugoslav musicians,Yugoslavian Eurovision Song Contest entrants,Croatian people of Albanian descent,Croatian pop singers,Croatian male singers,People from Strumica,1953 births,Living people

paragraph: Vlado Kalember

paragraph: Vladimir "Vlado" Kalember (born 26 April 1953 in Strumica) is a Croatian pop singer, famous for his recognisable, husky voice. He is of Albanian origin.

paragraph: In the 1970s, he was the vocalist of the popular pop band Srebrna Krila. After leaving the band, he continued with a solo career. In 1984, together with Izolda Barudžija, he represented Yugoslavia at the Eurovision Song Contest. He was later a member of 4 Asa.

paragraph: Today, he is married to a young cello instrumentalist, Ana Rucner, and has a child with her. His famous songs are "Vino na usnama", "Ja nisam kockar", "Ana", "Lili", "Otkad si otišla", "Ja odavde, ona s juga", "Odoh u mornare", "Doris" and many other.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Music of Croatia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Srebrna Krila

description: Croatian pop singer

wikidata_label: Vlado Kalember

wikipedia_title: Vlado Kalember


text:
House of Welf
Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Prince of Lüneburg
William the Younger
Dannenberg
Ernest I of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Principality of Lüneburg
Francis Otto
Ascanian
Saxe-Lauenburg
Francis I
paréage
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Augustus
Wolfenbüttel
Schernebeck
Francis I of Saxe-Lauenburg
Julius Ernest
Anthony II, Count of Delmenhorst
Augustus

categories: Middle House of Lüneburg,Princes of Lüneburg,1533 births,1598 deaths

paragraph: Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg

paragraph: Henry III (1533 – 19 January 1598), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruling Prince of Lüneburg from 1559 until 1569, jointly with his brother William the Younger. From 1569, he ruled over the Lordship of Dannenberg until his death.

paragraph: He was the second surviving son of Duke Ernest I of Brunswick-Lüneburg and assumed the rule in the Principality of Lüneburg upon the early death of his elder brother Francis Otto in 1559. He and his younger brother William fell out with each other in 1569, when Henry married the Ascanian princess Ursula of Saxe-Lauenburg (1545–1620), daughter of Duke Francis I, and demanded the partition of the Lüneburg lands.

paragraph: He eventually waived his claims to the Lüneburg principality and received Dannenberg as a paréage as well as an annual payment in compensation. He also ensured that his descendants were entitled to inherit the Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel estates upon the extinction of the line; therefore, his youngest son Augustus could assume the rule in Wolfenbüttel in 1635.

paragraph: Henry died in Dannenberg.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children who reached adulthood.

paragraph: In 1569 Henry married Ursula of Saxe-Lauenburg (*1545 – 22 October 1620*, Schernebeck), daughter of Francis I of Saxe-Lauenburg. They had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julius Ernest (1571–1636)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francis (1572–1601)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sybil Elizabeth (1576–1630), married Anthony II, Count of Delmenhorst

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sidonia (1577–1645)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Augustus (1579–1666)

alias:
Enrique de Brunswick-Dannenberg
Enrique III de Brunswick-Dannenberg

description: Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Prince of Lüneburg

wikidata_label: Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg

wikipedia_title: Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg


text:
Imaimairi no Tsubone
Oki Island
Lake Biwa
Ryōtarō Shiba
Michiko Nagai
Hana no Ran
Samurai Archives: Hino Tomiko

categories: 15th-century women,1440 births,1496 deaths,Women of medieval Japan,People of Muromachi-period Japan

paragraph: Hino Tomiko

paragraph: She had her first child at ninth day of the first month 1459 however the child died at same day. Later she placed the blame for the child death to wet nurse, Imaimairi no Tsubone later exiled to Oki Island on Lake Biwa and committed suicide.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: She has been the subject of novels by Ryōtarō Shiba and Michiko Nagai. She also become subject of a novel named "Fuyu No Rakijatsu" by Eri Kawamaru.

paragraph: Hino Tomiko was a central character in the NHK Taiga drama "Hana no Ran".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samurai Archives: Hino Tomiko

description: Proeminent figure during the Ōnin war

wikidata_label: Hino Tomiko

wikipedia_title: Hino Tomiko


text:
quarterback
pitcher
University of Missouri
NCAA
earned run average
1963 College World Series
Southern California
First-team All-American
College World Series
Minnesota
1964 Summer Olympics
Tokyo, Japan
minor league baseball
Williamsport Mets
Dan Devine

categories: Sportspeople from Jefferson City, Missouri,Baseball pitchers,1942 births,Missouri Tigers football players,Missouri Tigers baseball players,Missouri Tigers football coaches,Baseball players at the 1964 Summer Olympics,Baseball players from Missouri,Mystical Seven (Missouri),Deaths from kidney cancer,2011 deaths,All-American college baseball players

paragraph: Keith Weber

paragraph: Anthony "Keith" Weber (April 27, 1942 – February 18, 2011) was a quarterback and pitcher for the University of Missouri, most notable for holding the NCAA record for career earned run average with a career ERA of 0.56.

paragraph: As a junior, Weber helped lead Missouri to the 1963 College World Series, where they were eliminated by eventual champion Southern California. In 1964, Weber earned First-team All-American honors while anchoring a Missouri pitching staff that still holds the NCAA record for lowest single-season team ERA, surrendering just 19 earned runs in 264 innings for an ERA of 0.65. Weber and Missouri again reached the College World Series, falling to Minnesota in the championship game.

paragraph: In his two trips to the College World Series, Weber pitched 24 1/3 innings while giving up zero earned runs, which remains the most innings pitched by anyone in the College World Series without giving up an earned run.

paragraph: Upon his graduation from Missouri, Weber pitched for the United States at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. Weber then played a single season of minor league baseball in 1965 with the Williamsport Mets before returning to Missouri to attend law school while working as an assistant football coach under Dan Devine.

paragraph: After a career in real estate, Weber died of kidney cancer on February 18, 2011.

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Keith Weber

wikipedia_title: Keith Weber


text: India

text: field hockey

text: Ranchi Rhinos

text: Hockey India League

text: Indian national team

text: Jalandhar

text: Punjab

text: first ever Hockey India League auction

text: Ranchi Rhinos

text: Punjab Warriors

text: Surjit Hockey Stadium

text: Hockey India League

text: Mumbai Magicians

text: Astroturf Hockey Stadium

text: Ranchi

text: Jharkhand

text: Delhi Waveriders

text: Uttar Pradesh Wizards

text: Dhyan Chand Astroturf Stadium

text: Surjit Hockey Stadium

text: 2013 Hockey India League

text: India national field hockey team

text: second round

text: 2012–14 Hockey World League

text: Oman

text: Hockey India League

text: Profile

text: Hockey India

categories: 2018 Men's Hockey World Cup players,Living people,Field hockey players at the 2018 Asian Games,Indian male field hockey players,Field hockey players from Jalandhar,1995 births,Male field hockey forwards,Hockey India League players,2014 Men's Hockey World Cup players,Asian Games medalists in field hockey,Field hockey players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games,Ranchi Rhinos players,Asian Games bronze medalists for India

paragraph: Mandeep Singh (field hockey)

paragraph: Mandeep Singh (born 25 January 1995) is an Indian professional field hockey player who currently plays as a forward for Ranchi Rhinos in the Hockey India League and the Indian national team.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Early career.

paragraph: Singh played field hockey as a youth player for Surjit Hockey Academy which is based in his hometown of Jalandhar, Punjab.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Ranchi Rhinos.

paragraph: On 16 December 2012 Singh was brought in the first ever Hockey India League auction by the franchise Ranchi Rhinos for a winning bid of $13,000. He made his debut for the Rhinos on 16 January 2013 against Punjab Warriors at the Surjit Hockey Stadium in Ranchi's first ever Hockey India League match in their history and he scored the second goal for the team 50 minutes into the game as the Rhino's ran out 2–1 winners. He then scored his second goal of the season in the next match against Mumbai Magicians on 18 January 2013 at the Astroturf Hockey Stadium in Ranchi, Jharkhand when he scored 22 minutes into the game as Ranchi won the match 3–1. Singh then scored his third goal of the season on 23 January 2013 against Delhi Waveriders at the Astroturf Hockey Stadium when he scored 60 minutes into the match; however his goal was not enough as Ranchi lost the match 4–5. He then scored his first double of his career on 26 January 2013 against Uttar Pradesh Wizards at the Dhyan Chand Astroturf Stadium when he scored 58 minutes into the match as well as 67 minutes into the match as he led Ranchi to a 3–1 victory. Singh then won his first man of the match award on 28 January 2013 after he scored the winning goal for Ranchi Rhinos against the Mumbai Magicians at the Astroturf Hockey Stadium when he managed to find the net 49 minutes into the match to give Ranchi a 2–1 victory.

paragraph: Singh then began the month of February with a goal on 2 February 2013 against Punjab Warriors at the Astroturf Hockey Stadium when he found the net 34 minutes into the game as Ranchi drew the match 1–1. He then scored his final goal of the regular season on 4 February 2013 against the Punjab Warriors at the Surjit Hockey Stadium when he scored 62 minutes into the game as Ranchi Rhinos won 3–2.

paragraph: Singh then played his first match for Ranchi Rhinos in the Hockey India League play-offs on 9 February 2013 against the Uttar Pradesh Wizards at the Astroturf Hockey Stadium in the semi-finals in which he helped Ranchi Rhinos reach the final of the Hockey India League with two goals he scored 5 minutes into the game and 66 minutes into the game; Ranchi won the match 4–2. Then in the final Singh managed to help Ranchi Rhinos win the league title over the Delhi Waveriders on 10 February 2013 at the Astroturf Hockey Stadium.

paragraph: After the season ended Singh won the Hockey India League's "Ponty Chadha Trophy for the Upcoming Player of the Tournament" award after scoring ten goals in thirteen matches and being the second top scorer throughout the tournament.

paragraph: Section::::International.

paragraph: After an amazing showing during the 2013 Hockey India League season, Singh then made his debut for the India national field hockey team on 18 February 2013 during the second round of the 2012–14 Hockey World League against Fiji in which India routed the opposition to come out as 16–0 winners. Singh then scored his first ever international goal on 20 February 2013 against Oman in which he scored 42 minutes into the game as India ran out 9–1 winners.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Domestic.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Domestic.:Ranchi Rhinos.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hockey India League (1): 2013

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Individual.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ponty Chadha Trophy for the Upcoming Player of the Tournament (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Best Junior Player of the 2012–14 Men's FIH Hockey World League Final(2014)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Hockey India

description: Indian field hockey player

wikidata_label: Mandeep Singh

wikipedia_title: Mandeep Singh (field hockey)


text:
Australian
The Tribes of Palos Verdes
FX
Netflix
House of Cards
Southern Cross
Western Australia
boarding school
Merredin Senior High School
Curtin University of Technology
Honours Degree
Romeo
Shakespeare WA's
Romeo and Juliet
Black Swan Theatre Company
Earl of Southampton
short film
picture
Ellen Burstyn
Larry Moss
Susan Batson
lead role
National Theatre of Great Britain
"War Horse"
Heath Ledger
Scholarship
The Tribes of Palos Verdes
Keir Gilchrist
FX
true crime
anthology
House of Cards
Antichrist
horror
American Horror Story

categories: 21st-century Australian male actors,Australian male film actors,Living people,Australian male stage actors,Australian male television actors,Male actors from Western Australia,People from Southern Cross, Western Australia,Curtin University alumni

paragraph: Cody Fern

paragraph: Cody Fern (born July 6, 1988) is an Australian actor and filmmaker. Following his feature debut in "The Tribes of Palos Verdes" (2017), he portrayed murder victim David Madson in the FX series "" (2018). Later that year, Fern had his breakthrough performance as in "". He also appeared in the final season of the Netflix drama "House of Cards" as Duncan Shepherd.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Fern was born in Southern Cross, in rural Western Australia. He attended boarding school at Merredin Senior High School, and graduated from Curtin University of Technology with an Honours Degree in Commerce in 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 2011, Fern played Romeo in Shakespeare WA's production of "Romeo and Juliet", Lindsay in the Black Swan Theatre Company's "Jandamarra", and the Earl of Southampton in the world premiere production of "The Enchanters" at the State Theatre of Western Australia. He has appeared in a number of short films, including the Western Australian Screen Award-winning picture "Still Take You Home" (2010) and "The Last Time I Saw Richard" (2014).

paragraph: Fern has trained with well known acting coaches, including Ellen Burstyn, Larry Moss, and Susan Batson. Fern played the lead role of Albert in the National Theatre of Great Britain's production "War Horse", which received critical acclaim.

paragraph: In 2014, Fern was the winner of the Heath Ledger Scholarship.

paragraph: He appeared as Jim Mason in "The Tribes of Palos Verdes" and wrote, directed and starred in the short film "Pisces" opposite Keir Gilchrist in 2017.

paragraph: In 2018, Fern made his television debut in the acclaimed FX true crime anthology series "" as David Madson. He was later announced to star in the series regular role of Duncan Shepherd on the final season of "House of Cards". The same year, Fern portrayed the Antichrist in the of FX horror anthology series "American Horror Story", titled "Apocalypse".

description: Australian actor and filmmaker

wikidata_label: Cody Fern

wikipedia_title: Cody Fern


text: Austria

text: Feldkirch in Vorarlberg, Austria

text: United Arab Emirates

text: Renaissance

text: fresco

text: Academy of Fine Arts in Carrara, Italy

text: UNESCO

text: Vienna

text: Vorarlberg

text: architect Mag. Willi F. Ramersdorfer

text: Fukuoka, Japan

text: Olympic Garden

text: Tsinghua University

text: Abu Dhabi

text: International Sculpture Symposium

text: Adirondack Region

text: Wells, New York

text: Cairo Biennial XII

text: Urumqi, China

text: C. Grimaldis Gallery in Baltimore

text: Canadian

text: Vernon, British Columbia

text: C. Grimaldis Gallery, Baltimore

text: Robert T. Webb Sculpture Garden

text: North Georgia

text: Ramersdorfer on ArtNet

categories: 1960 births,20th-century American sculptors,21st-century American sculptors,Abstract sculptors,American women sculptors,21st-century Austrian sculptors,20th-century American women artists,20th-century Austrian sculptors,Living people,Austrian women sculptors

paragraph: Caroline Ramersdorfer

paragraph: Caroline Ramersdorfer is an Austrian-born sculptor with studios in upstate New York and Feldkirch in Vorarlberg, Austria. Her work, both small scale and monumental, has gained an international following, with permanent installations in Europe, Asia, North America, South America, Africa, the United Arab Emirates and the Caribbean. Ramersdorfer works in marble and granite, often in combination with steel, using light and space to create physical and spiritual interiors.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Ramersdorfer studied philosophy in Paris in 1979 before enrolling in the International University of Art in Florence, Italy, where she studied African art history, museum science, and Renaissance fresco restoration. At the same time, she studied etching for two years at the graphic art studio of the Santa Reparata International School of Art in Florence. She entered the sculpture department at the Academy of Fine Arts in Carrara, Italy, in 1983, receiving her MFA in 1988.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After completing her studies, Ramersdorfer’s career took off, thanks in part to grants from the Austrian Ministry of Education and the Arts and Culture and the Federal Chancellery in Vienna to work abroad, most notably in Japan in the early 1990s where she studied the culture and developed and exhibited new work. It was there that she "absorbed the notion of balance, both mental and structural. There she also learned to be true to her materials, and that all matter has an animus that animates it." A grant from UNESCO supported the Carambolage Project, a 1998 exchange with artists of the Caribbean.

paragraph: In 1995 she returned to Austria where she established studios in Vienna, and in Vorarlberg, in the home/office designed by her father, the architect Mag. Willi F. Ramersdorfer (1922-2010). Over the next few years, she worked in both Asia and Europe on the Energy series, developing the Ring Project in Fukuoka, Japan, and the Inner View series in Vienna. Since then, she has participated in exhibitions worldwide and won commissions to create a number of large-scale, site-specific works at nearly two dozen international sculpture symposia. Her sculptures are installed in private and public art collections in Europe, Japan, Taiwan, Egypt, Canada, U.S.A., China, Belize, Abu Dhabi and Dubai, United Arab Emirates, where she was awarded first prize at the 2005 Emaar International Art Symposium for Inner View.

paragraph: The Inner View series, an exploration of spiritual interiors as expressed through sculpture, has been the focus of her work for over a decade. Seed of Unified Spirit, a piece from the series, was selected for inclusion in the Olympic Garden for the 2008 summer games. It has been permanently installed there, facing the Linglong Tower. In 2011 "Inner View–Open" was selected for installation in the Campus Sculpture Park for the Centennial of Tsinghua University, Beijing.

paragraph: In early 2009 Ramersdorfer was one of 17 artists (and the only woman) participating in the Abu Dhabi International Sculpture Symposium. She produced a 15-ton sculpture in white marble, which took five weeks to create.

paragraph: After spending summers in the Adirondack Region of upstate New York, Ramersdorfer became a permanent resident of the US in 2009 and has a studio in Wells, New York.

paragraph: Section::::Themes.

paragraph: Ramersdorfer’s early work consisted of “combinations of rusty steel and granite characterized by a terrestrial, heavy gravitation.” These were seen as “a metaphorical expression of contemporary life and existence...”

paragraph: As an emerging artist, Ramersdorfer made several trips to Japan at the invitation of the Reimei no oka International Sculpture Symposium in Kyushu, and the International Sculpture Symposium, Mura-oka-Cho/Hyogo Ken, and with the help of a grant from the Austrian Ministry of Education and the Arts and Culture she was able to stay on. Thus began a period of artistic growth as Ramersdorfer traveled between Asia and Europe. Upon her return to Japan in 1995, her work took on a lighter quality when she began a new series that integrated bamboo columns into stone sculptures. These sculptures were “loose, weightless, elegant… symbolizing steps towards a higher cognition and eternal youth.”

paragraph: This trend continued over the next decade, enhanced by the addition of light as a sculptural element in her pieces. In the series Light (1997-1998), Ramersdorfer excavated “a defined space from natural rocks. Substituting the material with white neon light, Caroline Ramersdorfer visualizes a filtering of lines contrasting the full and void, the cubic and the structured layerings—making her sculptures seem to float and take off on a journey.”

paragraph: In 2001, the Austrian Ministry of Art and Education supported a multimedia project, Inner Views, initiating a series of marble sculptures that continues to the present. The concept behind Inner Views, is to set free sculptural detail views from the inside of a form. In the series, "she has focused on turning white marble inside out by using light, texture and grinding." In these sculptures, Ramersdorfer analyzes multiple square marble slabs then recomposes them to reveal complex interior spaces populated with carved out columns and ridges. As in her earlier work, light is used as a sculptural element to transform a physical interior into something ethereal. The sculptures range in size from small scale to monumental, site-specific works.

paragraph: Ramersdorfer sees the viewer as an integral part of her sculptures, and they are considered in her design from the beginning, especially in how she integrates light into her pieces. Smaller scale works are assembled in metal stands or hung in such a way as to reflect and capture the light. In her large-scale work, the viewer can enter the piece and experience the play of light, observing how this transforms a sculptural interior into a spiritual one.

paragraph: The effect is described in the essay by Albert Ruetz in the catalogue accompanying the Cairo Biennial XII. “Light and the passage of time turn the delicate lattices into translucent assemblies that are constantly created anew, evoking a most varied range of emotions. In this way, the sensed three-dimensionality of the sculpture is augmented by the additional dimension of discovery, in the material qualities of the marble and its many-layered construction. The crystalline nature of the material is transformed by shifting light into amorphous formations which appear to breathe, acquiring a life and vitality of their own.”

paragraph: Symbolism is important in Ramersdorfer’s work, as evident in the Inner Views series. As the series progressed, Ramersdorfer began to see the inner carvings as representing an interior world both physical and spiritual, something she called an architecture of the soul.

paragraph: Cross-cultural understanding is another important theme in her work, through which she tries to bridge cultures to increase tolerance and understanding. "I see being a sculptor as an active process in creating a union and finding intersecting points between art, world cultures and their decisive human factor."

paragraph: Seed of Unified Spirit, completed in 2008, took a global perspective, with seven marble slabs representing the different continents and poles, reflecting the Olympic park theme of “One World–One Dream.” Inner View Interlocked (2009), a commission from the Xinjiang International Urban Sculpture Symposium in Urumqi, China, to commemorate sixty years of the People‘s Republic of China, also embraced the idea of bridging cultures, ethnicities and human experience.

paragraph: Since moving to the Adirondacks, Ramersdorfer has found inspiration in her rural environment. Her work has opened up, breaking through the “rigid angularity of her earlier work into more expressive abstractions.” Her “changing environment has led her to see the perfection in imperfection; their impermanence has melted away her conformity. With nature more of a guide, the new works provide a refreshing fluidness and unpredictability that is more evocative than the older works that precisely fit together like the specifications of a building, or a math equation.”

paragraph: Indicators, the centerpiece of her first solo exhibition since moving to the Adirondacks, “Concept Alters Reality” at the John Davis Gallery, exemplified this new direction. “Gone are the volumes of marble; what’s left is a distilled abstraction bursting forth with energy, rather than the cool, calculating forms she has constructed on five continents. Other newer examples, like Inner View-Open 1 and Open Inner View, exhibited at the C. Grimaldis Gallery in Baltimore, shatter their frames as chards of marble—like broken glass or melting ice—stick out like spikes.”

paragraph: Section::::In film.

paragraph: In 2012 Ramersdorfer was the subject of a documentary film, "Caroline’s Rock", by Canadian filmmaker Jim Elderton. Ramersdorfer was recorded as she dealt with problems funding and installing a large sculpture in Vernon, British Columbia.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Golden award, 2006, Renaissance & Rising International City of Sculpture and Cultural Year in Zhengzhou, China.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Merit award at the international maquette show of project proposals to be permanently installed in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Park.

paragraph: Section::::Galleries.

paragraph: C. Grimaldis Gallery, Baltimore

paragraph: C. Fine Art, New York City

paragraph: Galerie Fellner von Feldegg, Krefeld, Germany

paragraph: Salwa Zeidan Gallery, Abu Dhabi.

paragraph: Allyn Gallup Gallery, Sarasota, FL

paragraph: Section::::Permanent Installations and Collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dornbirn, Austria

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hohenems, Austria

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shimada Art Museum, Kumamoto, Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yufuin Art Museum, Yufuin, Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vorarlberg County Museum, Bregenz, Austria

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eda Garden Museum, Yokohama, Tokyo, Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5 Ringstone project, Fukuoka, Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Federal Chancellery Artothek, City of Vienna, Austria

paragraph: BULLET::::- Culture Department, City of Vienna, Austria

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vernon District Performing Art Centre, Vernon, B.C., Canada

paragraph: BULLET::::- RAIBA Bank Art Collection, Bregenz, Austria

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hualien County Cultural Museum, City of Zhengzhou, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beijing Olympic Park, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Friendship Sculpture Park, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harmonious Development Sculpture Park, Urumqi City, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ADISS: Bridging Society through the Language of Art, Abu Dhabi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campus Sculpture Park, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- Belize City

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert T. Webb Sculpture Garden of the Creative Arts Guild, North Georgia (February 2011)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ramersdorfer on ArtNet

description: Austrian sculptor

wikidata_label: Caroline Ramersdorfer

wikipedia_title: Caroline Ramersdorfer


text:
marine painter
Kirkdale
England
Provincetown, Massachusetts
Boston, Massachusetts
fresco painting
American Civil War
United States Navy
Lowell Institute
Provincetown Art Association

categories: 20th-century American painters,American male painters,1919 deaths,1841 births,American marine artists,19th-century American painters

paragraph: William Halsall

paragraph: William Formby Halsall (born 1841 – November 7, 1919) was a marine painter born in Kirkdale, England. He lived at Provincetown, Massachusetts and died as a US citizen.

paragraph: Section::::Mariner and fresco painter.

paragraph: Halsall was educated in Boston, Massachusetts and worked as a sailor for seven years from 1852 to 1859. In 1860, he had begun to study fresco painting but due to the outbreak of the American Civil War, he enlisted in the United States Navy. He resumed his fresco study after two years of service.

paragraph: Section::::Marine painting.

paragraph: In 1862, Halsall changed to marine painting and studied at the Lowell Institute in Boston until 1870. Halsall was also a founding member of the Provincetown Art Association in 1914.

alias:
William Formby Halsall
W. F. Halsall

description: American painter

wikidata_label: William Halsall

wikipedia_title: William Halsall


text: United States Army

text: Medal of Honor

text: France

text: World War I

text: List of Medal of Honor recipients

categories: 1964 deaths,American military personnel of World War I,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,Burials at Arlington National Cemetery,United States Army soldiers,1890 births

paragraph: Sterling L. Morelock

paragraph: Sterling Lewis Morelock (June 5, 1890 – September 1, 1964) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions in France during World War I.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: Private, U.S. Army, Company M, 28th Infantry, 1st Division. Place and date: Near Exermont, France, 4 October 1918. Entered service at: Oquawka, Ill. Birth: Silver Run, Md. G.O. No.: 43, W.D., 1922.

paragraph: Citation: While his company was being held up by heavy enemy fire, Pvt. Morelock, with 3 other men who were acting as runners at company headquarters, voluntarily led them as a patrol in advance of his company's frontline through an intense rifle, artillery, and machinegun fire and penetrated a woods which formed the German frontline. Encountering a series of 5 hostile machinegun nests, containing from 1 to 5 machineguns each, with his patrol he cleaned them all out, gained and held complete mastery of the situation until the arrival of his company commander with reinforcements, even though his entire party had become casualties. He rendered first aid to the injured and evacuated them by using stretcher bearers 10 German prisoners whom he had captured. Soon thereafter his company commander was wounded and while dressing his wound Pvt. Morelock was very severely wounded in the hip, which forced his evacuation. His heroic action and devotion to duty were an inspiration to the entire regiment.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War I

wikidata_label: Sterling L. Morelock

wikipedia_title: Sterling L. Morelock


text: Ōita Prefecture

text: Kyūshū

text: rationalism

text: Christianity

text: imperialism

text: jorigaku

text: gengo-zu

text: Ninomiya Sontoku

text: Philosophic projections

text: Miura Baien's Ethical Thought

text: Aki / ??

categories: 1789 deaths,Japanese philosophers,1723 births

paragraph: Miura Baien

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born as Miura Susumu into the family of a village physician in the present Ōita Prefecture (at that time named "Bungo") on the island of Kyūshū, he became himself a physician and declined invitations to take office in the service of a local feudal lord. A master of Chinese language and poetry, he later became an advocate of a new rationalism. He is notable for criticizing Christianity and European imperialism, arguing in Confucian terms that Christianity was used to subvert indigenous culture in order to facilitate colonization.

paragraph: Section::::Key ideas.

paragraph: BULLET::::- jorigaku

paragraph: BULLET::::- gengo-zu diagrams

paragraph: Section::::Key works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baien's Three "Go (words)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gengo (lit. "Abstruse Talk"), freely translated as "Discourse on Methaphysics"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zeigo (lit. "Talking On and On"), freely translated as "Discourse on Corollaries"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kango (lit. "Presumtuous Talk"), freely translated as "Discourse on Morality"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samidare shō, 1784, translated as "Extracts in the Summer Rain"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heigo Fūji (lit. "Confidential Matters on the Year Hinoe"), 1786, a treatise on political, economic, military and legal affairs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kagen (lit. "The Origin of Price")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Logical Model of Earth Ecosystem

paragraph: BULLET::::- collection of his work in "Baien Shiryōshū" (1989, Perikansha publication)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ninomiya Sontoku

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- picture of the Miura Baien Historical Museum in the Oita prefecture opened in October 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miura Baien, 1723-1789, and His Dialectic & Political Ideas, by Gino K. Piovesana � 1965, Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 20, No. 3/4 (1965), pp. 389–421

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Logical Model of Earth Ecosystem" by Baien Miura by Tatsuya Kitabayashi, 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerning Baien Miura and 'Reply to Taga' by Tatsuya Kitabayashi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philosophic projections, The Mathematical Intelligencer, Volume 30, Number 3 / September, 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miura Baien's Ethical Thought, in Annals of ethics

paragraph: BULLET::::- blog post Aki / ?? by Joel Swagman featuring pictures of Miura Baien's house, dedicated museum, and grave, 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Study on the Diagrams by Baien Miura and Sontoku Ninomiya, Ritsuko Izuhara, 2001

description: Japanese philosopher

wikidata_label: Miura Baien

wikipedia_title: Miura Baien