text:
consul
Roman Republic
Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio
optimate
Hispania
Illyria
praetor
Decimus Junius Brutus
Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus
plebeian tribunes
populares
Hispania Ulterior
Viriathus
Lusitanian
Lusitanian War
Lusitania
Durius
Douro
Tagus
Limia
Baetis
Guadalquivir
Gallaecia
Gallaecia
Minho
Bracari
Lisbon
Águeda
Viseu
Cividade de Terroso
Póvoa de Varzim
Castro Culture
Asturias
Cantabria
Hispania Tarraconensis
Hispania Citerior
Vaccaei
Numantine War
Celtiberians
Numantia
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus Porcina
Roman senate
Gaius Hostilius Mancinus
Pallantia
Livy
sesterce
Valencia
Iberian
Roman Senate
Circus Flaminius
Lucius Accius
Livy
Gaius Sempronius Tuditanus
Illyria
Appian
libation
Lares
Gaius Sempronius Gracchus
Junia (gens)
Lusitanians
Quintus Sertorius
Viriathus
Timeline of Portuguese history
Appian's "History of Rome".

categories: Roman governors of Hispania,Ancient Roman politicians,Junii,113 BC deaths,Ancient Roman proconsuls,Senators of the Roman Republic,2nd-century BC Romans,Ancient Roman generals,180 BC births

paragraph: Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus

paragraph: Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus (or Gallaecus or Callaecus) (180 BC113 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic for the year 138 BC together with Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio. He was an optimate politician and a military commander in Hispania and in Illyria. He was the son of Marcus Junius Brutus (consul in 178 BC) and brother of Marcus Junius Brutus (praetor in 88 BC). He had a son also named Decimus Junius Brutus (consul in 77 BC) and his grandson was Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus.

paragraph: Decimus Junius Brutus belonged to the optimates, a political faction which supported the interests of the aristocracy and was opposed to both the plebeian tribunes (the representatives of the plebs) and populares, a political faction which championed the cause of the poor and wanted reforms to help them. During his consulship he and his colleague P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica opposed the plebeian tribunes. The plebeian tribune Gaius Curiatus sent both consuls to prison because they did not allow the plebeian tribunes to select ten men who would be exempt from military service. The two consuls also opposed a proposal by the tribunes to purchase grain from abroad because the price of grain was going up. Scipio Nasica made a speech which quieted the restless plebs.

paragraph: Section::::Campaigns in Lusitania and southern Gallaecia.

paragraph: Appian (who wrongly identified Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus as a praetor called Sextius Junius Brutus) wrote that (in 138 BC) Brutus was sent to the Roman province of Hispania Ulterior (Further Spain, in modern Andalusia in the south) to deal with many guerrilla bands which were raiding Lusitania in emulation of Viriathus, the Lusitanian chieftain who led the Lusitanian War (or Fiery War, 155–139 BC) against the Romans and who had been assassinated the year before. The guerrilla bands raided Lusitania, which was between the Rivers Durius (Douro) and Tagus. Therefore, it covered part of central Portugal and part of northern Portugal, and lay to the north-west of Hispania Ulterior.

paragraph: Brutus would have been unable to pursue the gangs over an area which ranged from the Rivers Lethe (Limia) and Durius to the River Baetis (Guadalquivir). This was a vast area which extended from Gallaecia, in modern-day north-western Spain and northern Portugal, to the edge of the Roman province of Hispania Ulterior. Therefore, Brutus attacked their towns for revenge, to destroy their homes and for plunder for his army, obliterating everything in his path. Women fought valiantly with their men. Some people fled to the mountains and, when they asked for pardon, Brutus took their belongings as a fine. In 137 BC Brutus crossed the River Durius and therefore crossed into Gallaecia. Brutus also reached the River Lethe, which flows from a source in Galicia close to today's border with Portugal and has its outlet on the coast of northern Portugal. Appian wrote that he was the first Roman who thought of crossing it. Lethe was also the name of a mythical river in the underworld, and so the superstitious Roman soldiers refused to cross it until Brutus crossed it himself. Brutus also crossed the Nimis (a river which has not been identified, but was probably the Minho in Galicia, the last tract of which forms part of today's northern border of Portugal. He launched an assault against the Bracari, a tribe of southern Gallaecia centred on modern-day Braga, Portugal, because they attacked his baggage train. The fighting women killed themselves and their children when they were captured. A number of towns submitted but then rebelled. One of them was Talabriga. Brutus ordered the inhabitants to hand over the deserters, the prisoners, hostages and their weapons and to leave the town. They disobeyed and he had them surrounded by soldiers to scare them and then took their horses, provisions and public money, but gave them back the town. When he completed his campaign Brutus then returned to Rome.

paragraph: Brutus must have moved into Lusitania from north of the River Tagus because no crossing of this river was mentioned by Appian. Therefore, he advanced from central Portugal to northern Portugal. He had the city of "Olissipo" (modern Lisbon) fortified. Talabriga (Marnel, near Águeda) must have been taken before the Crossing of the Durius because it is in the Centro Region of Portugal, which is to the south of this river. A fortified position was established at Vissaium (Viseu), also in the Centro region. As already noted, after devastating Lusitania Brutus also reached into southern Gallaecia.

paragraph: Cividade de Terroso in the outskirts of modern Póvoa de Varzim, was one of the major cities in the heartland of the native Castro Culture in coastal northern Portugal, which had notable Carthaginian influence in trade and culture. The archaeological site shows clear signs of complete destruction and burning dating to the time of Decimus Junius Brutus. After the destruction the city was rebuilt using some Roman principles.

paragraph: Decimus Junius Brutus pacified Lusitania and southern Gallaecia. The way the Roman kept suzerainty over the peoples of this area is unclear due lack of information. It is likely that they were forced to become Roman allies like some of the Celtiberian peoples who lived further east. There were further conflicts between the Romans and the Lusitanians later. Lusitania and Gallaecia were annexed into the Roman Empire later, when Augustus reorganised the Roman provinces of Hispania either before or after the Cantabrian Wars of 29–19 BC (in Asturias and Cantabria, to the north of Gallaecia) in which he suppressed the last rebellion against the Romans in the peninsula. Lusitania was established as a new province. Gallaecia became part of Hispania Tarraconensis, a new and larger province which replaced the province of Hispania Citerior to include central and southern Spain.

paragraph: Section::::Participation in war against the Vaccaei.

paragraph: In 137 BC Decimus Junius Brutus also got involved in a campaign against the Vaccaei, who lived to the west of the Celtiberians and not far from Lusitania. The commanders of the Roman province of Hispania Citerior (Nearer Spain, on the east coast of Spain, roughly corresponding to modern Catalonia and Valencia) were fighting in Numantine War (143–133 BC), a rebellion of the Celtiberians who lived to the west of Hispania Citerior. The war was centred on the town of Numantia, which was difficult to besiege, holding out for ten years. In 137 BC the consul Marcus Aemilius Lepidus Porcina was sent to Hispania Citerior to continue the war after the Roman senate rejected a peace treaty made by the other consul for the year, Gaius Hostilius Mancinus. Aemilius did not want to keep his army idle while he was waiting for instructions from Rome and was probably greedy for glory and booty. He falsely accused the Vaccaei of aiding the Celtiberians as an excuse for war. He ravaged the countryside and besieged Pallantia, their main city. He convinced Brutus, who was the commander of Hispania Ulterior and his brother-in-law, to join him. Messengers from the senate arrived and asked why Aemilius sought a new war. They warned him not to continue the attacks on the Vaccaei. Aemilius sent them back to Rome and wrote that it would be dangerous to abandon the war. The siege lasted a long time, during which the Romans run short of food and many men and all the animals died. Aemilius and Brutus eventually had to withdraw, doing so in a very disorderly manner. The Pallantines harassed their flanks and rear and killed many men. When Rome heard of this, Aemilius was recalled, stripped of his command and consulship, and fined. Brutus does not seem to have been punished.

paragraph: Section::::Other facts.

paragraph: The ancient Roman historian Livy wrote that in 138 BC, when Decimus Junius Brutus and his consular colleague, Publius Cornelius Nasica, held the levy of the soldiers, "something happened in front of the recruits that served as an example." A man was accused before the plebeian tribunes of deserting the army in Hispania. He was sentenced, "sent under the yoke, chastised with rods, and sold for one sesterce."

paragraph: In 138 BC Decimus Junius Brutus founded the Roman colony of "Valentia Edetanorum", (today's Valencia) in Hispania Citerior. Valentia, which means valour, was named in honour of the valour of the Roman soldiers. Edetanorum indicated that the city was in the territory of the Edetani, an Iberian people. It was built on the site of an Iberian town. Livy said that Valentia was founded to give land to soldiers who had fought against Viriathus, the Lusitanian leader.

paragraph: In 136 BC the Roman Senate granted Brutus a triumph and gave him the cognomen Callaicus or Callaecus (winner against the Callaeci/Gallaeci) At an unknown date he built a temple by the Circus Flaminius which is thought to have been dedicated to Hercules Callaicus. This was one of various public buildings Callaicus built with the proceeds of the spoils of his war. All of them had inscriptions by Lucius Accius, the tragic poet. He had a colossal statue of a seated Mars erected in this temple.

paragraph: Brutus was the patron of Lucius Accius, who wrote a tragedy on the tyranny of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the last king of Rome, and his expulsion by Lucius Junius Brutus (the founder of the Roman Republic and an ancestor of Callaecus) titled "Brutus" in honour of his patron.

paragraph: In 129 BC, according to Livy, Brutus helped the consul Gaius Sempronius Tuditanus, who "at first fought unsuccessfully against the Iapydians [a tribe in Illyria], but the defeat was compensated by a victory won through the qualities of Decimus Junius Brutus." However, according to Appian, "Sempronius Tuditanus and Tiberius Pandusa waged war with the Iapydes, who live among the Alps, and seem to have subjugated them." This was the last historical record of Callaicus.

paragraph: Cicero said that Callaicus had the peculiar habit of performing the libations (the pouring of a liquid as an offering to a god or spirit or in memory of the dead) for the dead in December instead of February as was customary. Plutarch explored a number of possible explanations for this peculiarity: (1) since the dead were honoured at the end of the day, it may be reasonable to do so at the end of the year; (2) it might not be fitting to honour the dead at the beginning of the sowing, a time of new life; (3) December was dedicated to Saturn, who was a god of the underworld; or, (4) that "Brutus deemed it proper to bestow upon the dead first-fruits" of the revelries of the festival of the Saturnalia. Plutarch also wondered whether "this statement, that Brutus alone sacrificed to the dead in this month" was wrong. "For it is in December that they make offerings to Larentia and bring libations to her sepulchre." Larentia was a mythical woman who was connected to the Lares, the spirits of ancestors who were guardian deities of the family, neighbourhoods, roadways, seaways, agriculture, livestock, towns, cities and the state.

paragraph: According to Mastrocinque, in 122 BC Callaicus took part in the suppression of the movement led by Gaius Sempronius Gracchus.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Junia (gens)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lusitanians

paragraph: BULLET::::- Quintus Sertorius

paragraph: BULLET::::- Viriathus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of Portuguese history

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anthony J. Boyle, "Roman Tragedy", Routledge; New edition, 2005;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Appian, "Roman History I": volume 1, Books 1–8, Loeb Classical Library, Loeb, 1989: . Also available on the internet: Appian's "History of Rome".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evelyn Shirley Shuckburgh, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform; 2015; ; original publication: Macmillan and Company, 1894

description: Roman proconsul

wikidata_label: Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus

wikipedia_title: Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus


text:
Taoist
deity
Jinhua
Zhejiang
Hong Kong
Immortal
Lanxi
Jinhua
Zhejiang
shepherd
Taoism
immortal
stone
Wong Tai Sin
Wong Tai Sin
district
Chinese mythology
Sik Sik Yuen

categories: Deified Chinese people,328 births,386 deaths,Health gods,Taoism in Guangdong,Taoism in Hong Kong

paragraph: Wong Tai Sin

paragraph: Wong Tai Sin or Huang Daxian () is a Chinese Taoist deity popular in Jinhua, Zhejiang, and Hong Kong with the power of healing. The name, meaning the "Great Immortal Wong (Huang)", is the divine form of Huang Chuping or Wong Cho Ping (; c. 328 – c. 386), a Taoist hermit from Jinhua.

paragraph: Section::::Legend.

paragraph: According to the text "Self-Description of Chisongzi" (; "Master Red Pine"), Wong Tai Sin was born Huang Chuping (Wong Cho Ping in Cantonese) in 328 in Lanxi, Jinhua, Zhejiang province. Western sources have him listed at c. 284 to 364 CE.

paragraph: Wong Cho Ping is said to have experienced poverty and hunger, becoming a shepherd when he was eight years old. He began practising Taoism at the age of fifteen after meeting an immortal or saintly person on Red Pine Mountain in his hometown. Legend has it that he was able to transform stones into sheep forty years later. Wong Tai Sin later became known as the Red Pine Immortal (), after the mountain where he had his hermitage, and his birthday is celebrated on the 23rd of the eighth lunar month.

paragraph: Section::::Influence in Hong Kong.

paragraph: The Wong Tai Sin area and Wong Tai Sin district are named after the deity. Today, Sik Sik Yuen is an educational and charitable foundation that, true to Leung's origins as a healer, runs a free clinic.

paragraph: In Hong Kong, there is one MTR station named after Wong Tai Sin and there is a Wong Tai Sin Temple. Many tourists from all over the world visit Wong Tai Sin Temple every day.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chinese mythology

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sik Sik Yuen

alias:
Huang Da Xian
Huang Daxian
Huangdaxian
Huang Chuping

description: Chinese god

wikidata_label: Wong Tai Sin

wikipedia_title: Wong Tai Sin


text: Khorchin Mongol

text: Borjigit

text: Hong Taiji

text: Empress Dowager

text: Grand Empress Dowager

text: Empress Xiaoduanwen

text: Consort Jing

text: Empress Xiaohuizhang

text: Primary consort Minhui

text: intercalary

text: lunar

text: Wanli Emperor

text: Gregorian calendar

text: Hong Taiji

text: Empress Xiaoduanwen

text: primary consort Minhui

text: Fulin

text: Dorgon

text: Prince regent

text: princely title

text: levirate marriage

text: Xuanye

text: Four Regents of the Kangxi Emperor

text: emperor's mother

text: Oboi

text: Wanli Emperor

text: Nurhaci

text: Hong Taiji

text: Shunzhi Emperor

text: Kangxi Emperor

text: Khorchin Borjigit

text: Khalkha Borjigit

text: Barin Borjigit

text: Jarud Borjigit

text: Shunzhi Emperor

text: Ling Li

text: The Rise and Fall of Qing Dynasty

text: Nora Miao

text: Angela Pan

text: Chiung Yao

text: Leanne Liu

text: Leanne Liu

text: Kangxi Dynasty

text: Kangxi Emperor

text: Siqin Gaowa

text: Pan Hong

text: The Affaire in the Swing Age

text: Ming dynasty

text: Qing dynasty

text: Xiaozhuang Mishi

text: Ning Jing

text: Huang Taizi Mishi

text: Yinreng

text: Liu Xiaoqing

text: Nalan Rongruo

text: Gua Ah-leh

text: Pan Hong

text: Deng Chao

text: Secret History of Kangxi

text: Da Qing Fengyun

text: Dorgon

text: Xu Qing

text: Zhang Fengyi

text: The Life and Times of a Sentinel

text: Europa Universalis IV

categories: Qing dynasty empresses dowager,Chinese grand empresses dowager,1688 deaths,17th-century Chinese women,Qing dynasty empresses,1613 births,Borjigin

image: 512px-《孝庄文皇后常服像》局部.jpg

paragraph: Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang

paragraph: Empress Xiaozhuangwen (28 March 1613 – 27 January 1688), of the Khorchin Mongol Borjigit clan, personal name Bumbutai, was a consort of Hong Taiji. She was 21 years his junior.

paragraph: As Empress Dowager and Grand Empress Dowager during the reigns of her son and grandson respectively, she had significant influence in the Qing imperial court and was highly respected for her political wisdom and insight. Although she never held the rank of Empress during Hong Taiji's reign, she was posthumously honoured as an empress.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Family background.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Zhaisang (), held the title of a first rank prince ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paternal grandfather: Manggusi (), held the title of a first rank prince ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paternal aunt: Empress Xiaoduanwen (1599–1649)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: Boli ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Four elder brothers

paragraph: BULLET::::- First elder brother: Wukeshan (; d. 1666), held the title of a first rank prince (), the father of Consort Jing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fourth elder brother: Manzhuxili (; d. 1665), held the title of a first rank prince (), the paternal grandfather of Empress Xiaohuizhang (1641–1718)

paragraph: BULLET::::- One elder sister

paragraph: BULLET::::- First elder sister: Primary consort Minhui (1609–1641)

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Wanli era.

paragraph: The future Empress Xiaozhuangwen was born on the eighth day of the intercalary second lunar month in the 41st year of the reign of the Wanli Emperor, which translates to 28 March 1613 in the Gregorian calendar.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Tianming era.

paragraph: In March or April 1625, Lady Borjigit married Hong Taiji and became one of his multiple wives. Prior to this, the Khorchin Mongols had sent Hong Taiji another woman, Jerjer, the future Empress Xiaoduanwen, on 28 May 1614, to strengthen the relationship between the Qing dynasty and the Khorchin. Lady Borjigit's elder sister, Harjol, the future primary consort Minhui, would marry Hong Taiji on 6 December 1634.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Chongde era.

paragraph: Lady Borjigit gave birth on 31 January 1629 to Hong Taiji's fourth daughter, Princess Yongmu of the First Rank, on 2 March 1632 to his fifth daughter, Princess Shuhui of the First Rank, and on 16 December 1633 to his seventh daughter, Princess Shuzhe of the First Rank.

paragraph: When Hong Taiji conferred titles on his five primary spouses in August 1636, Lady Borjigit was named "Consort Zhuang" of Yongfu Palace (永福宮).

paragraph: On 15 March 1638, Lady Borjigit gave birth to Hong Taiji's ninth son, Fulin.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Shunzhi era.

paragraph: Hong Taiji died on 21 September 1643 and was succeeded by Fulin, who was enthroned as the Shunzhi Emperor. Lady Borjigit, as the mother of the reigning emperor, was honoured with the title "Holy Mother, Empress Dowager". Her aunt Jerjer, as the empress consort of the previous emperor, was similarly honoured as "Mother Empress, Empress Dowager". Hong Taiji's younger half-brother, Dorgon, was appointed as Prince regent to rule on behalf of the Shunzhi Emperor until the emperor reached adulthood. After Dorgon died on 31 December 1650, the Shunzhi Emperor posthumously stripped him of his princely title and had his dead body exhumed and mutilated. It is believed – though not supported by historical evidence – that Lady Borjigit secretly married Dorgon after Hong Taiji's death, since levirate marriage was common among Mongols.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Kangxi era.

paragraph: Lady Borjigit kept a low profile during the reign of her son and had little interference in politics. The Shunzhi Emperor died on 5 February 1661 and was succeeded by his third son Xuanye, who was enthroned as the Kangxi Emperor. As the grandmother of the reigning emperor, Lady Borjigit was honoured as "Grand Empress Dowager Zhaosheng". Since the emperor was underage at the time, the Four Regents of the Kangxi Emperor, appointed by the Shunzhi Emperor, ruled on his behalf until he reached adulthood. During this time, Lady Borjigit advised her grandson to learn from the regents and took charge of his upbringing after the emperor's mother died.

paragraph: When the Kangxi Emperor grew up and began his personal rule in 1667, he felt threatened by the strong influence of Oboi, one of the four regents. Two years later, Lady Borjigit assisted her grandson in his plans to get rid of Oboi. Oboi was lured into a trap, placed under arrest, and removed from power. Throughout her life, Lady Borjigit disliked living in the Forbidden City, despite the luxurious conditions it offered. She also refused to hold any birthday celebrations as she felt that it would be costly.

paragraph: When Lady Borjigit fell sick in the autumn of 1687, the Kangxi Emperor personally took care of his grandmother. She died on 27 January 1688.

paragraph: Section::::Titles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- During the reign of the Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620):

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Borjigit (from 28 March 1613)

paragraph: BULLET::::- During the reign of Nurhaci (r. 1616–1626):

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secondary consort (; from March/April 1625)

paragraph: BULLET::::- During the reign of Hong Taiji (r. 1626–1643):

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consort Zhuang (; from August 1636), fourth rank consort

paragraph: BULLET::::- During the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor (r. 1643–1661):

paragraph: BULLET::::- Empress Dowager Zhaosheng (; from 21 September 1643)

paragraph: BULLET::::- During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722):

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Empress Dowager Zhaosheng (; from 5 February 1661)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Empress Xiaozhuangwen" (; from October/November 1688)

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- As secondary consort:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Yongmu of the First Rank (; 31 January 1629 – February/March 1678), personal name Yatu (), Hong Taiji's fourth daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Married Birtakhar (; d. 1667) of the Khorchin Borjigit clan in 1641

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Shuhui of the First Rank (; 2 March 1632 – 28 February 1700), personal name Atu (), Hong Taiji's fifth daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Married Suo'erha () of the Khalkha Borjigit clan in 1643

paragraph: BULLET::::- Married Sabdan (; d. 1667) of the Barin Borjigit clan in 1648

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Shuzhe of the First Rank (; 16 December 1633 – 1648), Hong Taiji's seventh daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Married Lamasi () of the Jarud Borjigit clan in 1645

paragraph: BULLET::::- As Consort Zhuang:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fulin (; 15 March 1638 – 5 February 1661), Hong Taiji's ninth son, enthroned on 8 October 1643 as the Shunzhi Emperor

paragraph: Section::::Modern references.

paragraph: Section::::Modern references.:Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Xiaozhuang Mishi" (孝莊秘史), a novel about Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, written by Yang Haiwei (楊海薇).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shaonian Tianzi" (少年天子), a novel about the Shunzhi Emperor, written by Ling Li.

paragraph: Section::::Modern references.:Television.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rise and Fall of Qing Dynasty", a long-running Hong Kong television series about the history of the Qing dynasty. Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang appears only in the first season, aired in 1987, in which she is portrayed by Nora Miao.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zhuangfei Yishi" (莊妃軼事), a 1989 Chinese television series about Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, starring Bo Han (柏寒).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Yidai Huanghou Dayu'er" (一代皇后大玉兒), a 1992 Taiwanese television series about Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, starring Angela Pan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Xinyue Gege" (新月格格), a 1995 Chinese romantic television series based on a novel by Chiung Yao. Leanne Liu portrayed Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Princess Huai-yu" (懷玉公主), a 2000 Taiwanese romantic television series. Leanne Liu portrayed Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kangxi Dynasty", a 2001 Chinese television series about the Kangxi Emperor. Siqin Gaowa portrayed Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shaonian Tianzi" (少年天子), a 2002 Chinese television series based on Ling Li's novel, starring Pan Hong as Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Affaire in the Swing Age", a 2003 Chinese television series depicting the events in the transition of the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty. Niu Li portrayed Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, who was known as Consort Zhuang in the series.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Xiaozhuang Mishi", a 2003 Chinese television series about Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, starring Ning Jing.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Huang Taizi Mishi", a 2004 Chinese television series about Yinreng. Lü Zhong portrayed Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sheizhu Chenfu" (誰主沉浮), a 2005 Chinese television series depicting the events in the transition of the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty. Liu Xiaoqing portrayed Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Yanhua Sanyue" (煙花三月), a 2005 Chinese television series about Nalan Rongruo. Gua Ah-leh portrayed Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shaonian Kangxi" (少年康熙), a 2005 Chinese television series about Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang and the young Kangxi Emperor, starring Pan Hong and Deng Chao.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Secret History of Kangxi", a 2006 Chinese television series about the Kangxi Emperor. Wu Qianqian portrayed Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Da Qing Fengyun", a 2006 Chinese television series based on the romance between Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang and Dorgon. Xu Qing portrayed Xiaozhuang and Zhang Fengyi portrayed Dorgon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Life and Times of a Sentinel", a 2011 Hong Kong historical fiction television series. Ching Hor-wai portrayed Grand Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Love With Power", a 2012 Chinese television series dramatising the life of Empress Dowager Xiaozhung during her early years, as consort to Hong Taiji and as mother to the Shunzhi Emperor.

paragraph: Section::::Modern references.:Games.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Europa Universalis IV" is a grand strategy PC game which contains a depiction of Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang as one of its loading screens

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranks of imperial consorts in China#Qing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty

description: Qing Dynasty empress dowager

wikidata_label: Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang

wikipedia_title: Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang


text:
German
tennis
ATP Challenger Tour
ATP

categories: 1983 births,German male tennis players,Sportspeople from Stuttgart,Living people

paragraph: Bastian Knittel

paragraph: Bastian Knittel (; born 8 August 1983) is a German tennis player playing on the ATP Challenger Tour. He reached his career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 157 in February 2011.

description: German tennis player

wikidata_label: Bastian Knittel

wikipedia_title: Bastian Knittel


text:
United States Marine Corps
American Civil War
Medal of Honor
Battle of Mobile Bay
County Sligo
Ireland
Brooklyn
Marine Detachment
Battle of Mobile Bay
Medal of Honor
Charlotte, Michigan

categories: People from County Sligo,United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipients,Burials in Michigan,1891 deaths,19th-century Irish people,Irish-born Medal of Honor recipients,1834 births,Union Marines,People of New York (state) in the American Civil War,Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923),United States Marines,American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor

paragraph: Michael Hudson (Medal of Honor)

paragraph: Michael Hudson (1834 – December 28, 1891) was a sergeant serving in the United States Marine Corps during the American Civil War who received the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Battle of Mobile Bay.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Hudson was born in 1834 in County Sligo, Ireland, and after immigrating to the United States he joined the Marine Corps from Brooklyn on September 12, 1861. He was a sergeant assigned to the Marine Detachment aboard the when it was sent to fight in the American Civil War. On August 5, 1864, during the Battle of Mobile Bay the "Brooklyn", along with several other ships waged a campaign against several confederate controlled forts and gunboats. During the battle the "Brooklyn" suffered severe damage and several men on board were killed. Hudson continued fighting through the 2-hour battle which resulted in the surrender of the rebel ram . For this action he received the United States militaries highest decoration for valor, the Medal of Honor December 31, 1864.

paragraph: Hudson was honorably discharged from the Marine Corps on October 25, 1865. He died December 28, 1891 and is buried in Maple Hill Cemetery Charlotte, Michigan. His grave can be found in section C, lot 49.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: Sergeant, U.S. Marine Corps. Born: 1834, Sligo County, Ireland. Accredited to: New York. G.O. No.: 45, 31 December 1864.

paragraph: Citation:

paragraph: On board the U.S.S. "Brooklyn" during action against rebel forts and gunboats and with the ram "Tennessee" in Mobile Bay, 5 August 1864. Despite severe damage to his ship and the loss of several men on board as enemy fire raked the decks, Sgt. Hudson fought his gun with skill and courage throughout the furious 2-hour battle which resulted in the surrender of the rebel ram "Tennessee".

description: United States Marine Corps sergeant, recipient of the Medal of Honor

wikidata_label: Michael Hudson

wikipedia_title: Michael Hudson (Medal of Honor)


text:
Byzantine
Byzantine emperor
Alexios I Komnenos
domestikos ton scholon
John Komnenos
Isaac I Komnenos
Anna Dalassene
Nikephoros Bryennios
Nikephoros
protosebastos
Michael Taronites
Doge of Venice
Zonaras
campaigns
Normans
Robert Guiscard
Bohemund
Thessaly
Alexiad
Anna Komnene
Nikephoros Melissenos
William of Apulia
Kassandra peninsula
Chalcidice
Gregory Pakourianos
Pechenegs
Frankish
protostrator
Michael Doukas
Evros river
Battle of Levounion
Philippopolis
sebastokrator
Isaac
John
Dyrrhachium
Serres
Nikephoros Diogenes
Romanos IV
Council of Blachernae
Leo of Chalcedon
monastery
monastic name
typikon
porphyrogennete
Constantine X Doukas
Eudokia Makrembolitissa
Paul Magdalino
Pammakaristos Church
Monoecum

categories: Domestics of the Schools,Eastern Orthodox monks,11th-century births,Family of Alexios I Komnenos,Byzantine generals,11th-century Byzantine people,1105 deaths,Generals of Alexios I Komnenos,Komnenos dynasty

paragraph: Adrianos Komnenos

paragraph: Adrianos Komnenos () was a Byzantine aristocrat and general, and a younger brother of the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in , Adrianos Komnenos was the fourth and second-to-last son (and seventh overall child) of the "domestikos ton scholon" John Komnenos, the younger brother of Emperor Isaac I Komnenos (r. 1057–1059) and Anna Dalassene. According to the historian Nikephoros Bryennios, after John's death, Anna entrusted Adrianos and his younger brother Nikephoros to tutors, and gave them an encyclopedic education.

paragraph: After Alexios's rise to power in 1081, Adrianos was raised to the new dignity of "protosebastos", which he shared, for a time, with his brother-in-law Michael Taronites and with the Doge of Venice. According to Zonaras, he was also entrusted with military commands in the campaigns of 1082–1083 against the Normans of Robert Guiscard and Bohemund in Thessaly. Zonaras reports that Alexios gave his brother the imperial regalia, and had him pretend to retreat with his army, so that Alexios himself could strike the pursuing Normans from the rear. However, in the "Alexiad", Anna Komnene credits Nikephoros Melissenos with this role, while the Italian chronicler William of Apulia refers to the two persons as one ("the other brother of the Emperor, also known as Melisianus; his name was Adrianos"). Possibly as a reward for his service, in August 1084 Adrianos was given the proceeds of the entire Kassandra peninsula in Chalcidice for life.

paragraph: In late 1086 or spring 1087, he succeeded Gregory Pakourianos as "domestikos ton scholon" of the West, and in 1087, he fought in the Battle of Dristra against the Pechenegs, commanding the Frankish mercenary contingent in the Byzantine centre. The battle ended in a disastrous defeat, and Adrianos barely escaped being captured. Adrianos is mentioned in the "Alexiad" as having participated in the 1091 campaign against the Pechenegs (along with the "protostrator" Michael Doukas, he supervised the construction of a bridge over the Evros river), but is not specifically recorded in the final Battle of Levounion.

paragraph: Shortly after that, at Philippopolis, Adrianos had a major falling-out with his elder brother, the "sebastokrator" Isaac: the "sebastokrator" held Adrianos responsible for the accusations of conspiring against the emperor that were raised against his son John, governor of Dyrrhachium. In June 1094, at Serres, Adrianos presided over the court that tried Nikephoros Diogenes, the son of former Emperor Romanos IV (), who had tried to assassinate Alexios. Adrianos failed to overcome the obstinacy of Diogenes, who refused to reveal his co-conspirators. In the same year, he is recorded as having participated in the Council of Blachernae that condemned Leo of Chalcedon.

paragraph: His date of death is disputed: the commonly accepted date stems from a manuscript which records him retiring to a monastery under the monastic name John, and dying on 19 April 1105. Basil Skoulatos, however, doubts this information, since Adrianos' name is absent from the dead listed in the Kecharitomene "typikon" (written ), but is present in the Pantokrator "typikon" of 1136. Hence, Skoulatos has placed Adrianos' death some time between 1118 and 1136.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Adrianos married the "porphyrogennete" princess Zoe Doukaina, the third daughter of Emperor Constantine X Doukas () and Eudokia Makrembolitissa (born ). A number of scholars, including Paul Magdalino, Jean-Claude Cheynet, and Konstantinos Varzos, identify Adrianos and Zoe with a John Komnenos and Anna "of the Doukai" (the latter being Zoe's supposed monastic name) who are mentioned in tomb inscriptions in the Pammakaristos Church in Constantinople as the church's founders, along with their descendants. Adrianos and Zoe had at least three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexios Komnenos, his life is obscure. He married and had at least one daughter, but no details are known on his family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Unnamed firstborn daughter, otherwise unknown. Varzos suggests the name Anna for her.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Unnamed daughter, possibly married Grimaldo II, the lord of Monoecum in , but died with her husband shortly after. Varzos suggests the name Alexia for her.

description: Byzantine military officer

wikidata_label: Adrianos Komnenos

wikipedia_title: Adrianos Komnenos


text:
Vrijednosnice Osijek
Croatian League
Marblehead High School
Boston, Massachusetts
Kimball Union Academy
Meriden, New Hampshire
NC State University
NC State Wolfpack
Atlantic Coast Conference
Dennis Smith Jr.
Omer Yurtseven
Georgia Southern
points per game
Vrijednosnice Osijek
Croatian League
Alpe Adria Cup
DraftExpress profile
ESPN profile
NC State bio
RealGM profile
Sports Reference profile

categories: American men's basketball players,Sportspeople from Boston,Basketball players from Massachusetts,1995 births,American Muslims,NC State Wolfpack men's basketball players,Living people,American expatriate basketball people in Croatia

paragraph: Abdul-Malik Abu

paragraph: Abdul-Malik Abu (born September 16, 1995), is an American professional basketball player currently playing for Vrijednosnice Osijek in the Croatian League.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.

paragraph: Abu first attended Marblehead High School in Boston, Massachusetts before transferred to Kimball Union Academy in Meriden, New Hampshire to play for coach Mike Olson. As a senior, he averaged 24.5 points and 10.5 rebounds per game while leading Kimball to a (61-21) overall record and was named NEPSAC Player of the year in 2014.

paragraph: Considered a four-star recruit, Abu was ranked 32nd in the ESPN 100 for the class of 2014. On September 7, 2013, Abu committed to NC State University to play college basketball.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Abu spent his college career playing for the NC State Wolfpack in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). As a freshman in 2014-2015, Abu averaged 6.4 points and 4.7 rebounds per game. As a sophomore, Abu became the starting Power Forward for the Wolfpack, where he finished second in scoring for NC State after averaging 12.9 points per game and 8.8 rebounds per game ranking fifth in the ACC for rebounds. As a junior, Abu became the focal point for a young Wolfpack team that featured incoming freshman's Dennis Smith Jr., Omer Yurtseven, and Markell Johnson. On November 11, 2016, Abu recorded 15 points and 11 rebounds in an 81-79 win against Georgia Southern. On the season, Abu averaged, 11.8 points per game and 7.0 rebounds per game, while shooting 52.9% from the field and 71.1% at the foul line.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: In September 2018, Abu signed for Vrijednosnice Osijek of the Croatian League and Alpe Adria Cup.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Abu is a devout Muslim and prays multiple times a day.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- DraftExpress profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- ESPN profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- NC State bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- RealGM profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sports Reference profile

description: basketball player (1995-)

wikidata_label: Abdul-Malik Abu

wikipedia_title: Abdul-Malik Abu


text:
July Monarchy
Claude Caroillon Destillières
Château du Raincy
Napoleon
Château de Pontchartrain
Adèle d'Osmond
Jacquelin de Maillé de La Tour-Landry
Rainulphe Marie Eustache d'Osmond
Eustache Conrad d'Osmond
neo-gothic
Ambroise Louis Garneray
Jacob Desmalter

paragraph: Aimée Caroillon des Tillières

paragraph: Marie Louise Angélique Aimée Caroillon des Tillières, (or Aimée d'Osmond) (28 September 1797 – 2 August 1853) was a wealthy French heiress who kept a salon during the July Monarchy.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Marie Louise Angélique Aimée Caroillon des Tillières was born in 1797, only daughter of the wealthy entrepreneur Claude Caroillon Destillières and his wife, Françoise Aimée Magallon d'Amirail. Her father was from a rich family, ennobled in 1786, who made his fortune during and after the revolution through real estate transactions.

paragraph: Claude Caroillon-Destillières died in May 1814 and Aimée Carvillon Destillères inherited his immense fortune.

paragraph: Since she was only seventeen, a minor, her family chose her maternal grandparents as guardians.

paragraph: This was the subject of lawsuits, not resolved until 22 November 1816.

paragraph: She sold the Château du Raincy to Napoleon, but kept the Château de Pontchartrain.

paragraph: Although not beautiful, she was courted by many men for her wealth.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: On 25 November 1817 Aimée married Charles-Eustache-Gabriel, called Rainulphe d'Osmond, Count and later Marquis d'Osmond (1787–1862) and a Lieutenant-General of Cavalry.

paragraph: He was the brother of the diarist Adèle d'Osmond, Countess de Boigne.

paragraph: They had two children.

paragraph: Marie Charlotte Eustachine Jeanne (1827–1899) married Jacquelin de Maillé de La Tour-Landry (1815–1874), Duke of Maillé.

paragraph: Rainulphe Marie Eustache d'Osmond (1829–1891) married Marie Joséphine Tardieu de Maleyssie.

paragraph: Rainulphe's son Eustache Conrad d'Osmond (1855–1904) died without marrying, so the descendants of the Duke of Maillé inherited the Caroillon Destillières fortune.

paragraph: The Marquise d'Osmond was gentle, modest and beneficial. According to the gossip of the time she was whipped by her husband.

paragraph: Under the July Monarchy, she kept a very brilliant salon.

paragraph: With the Duchess of Berry she helped launch the fashionable neo-gothic style.

paragraph: They decorated her Parisian hôtel at 8 Rue Basse du Rempart in neo-gothic style.

paragraph: It was later destroyed and is known only by a watercolor by Ambroise Louis Garneray.

paragraph: She also ordered beautiful neo-gothic furniture from Jacob Desmalter.

description: French salon-holder

wikidata_label: Aimée Caroillon des Tillières

wikipedia_title: Aimée Caroillon des Tillières


text: Lohn, Schaffhausen

text: Basel

text: Swiss

text: composer

text: Paris

text: Jacques Ibert

text: Arthur Honegger

text: Nadia Boulanger

text: Albert Roussel

text: Radio Basel

text: Paul Sacher

text: Luciano Berio

text: Pierre Boulez

text: Benjamin Britten

text: Henri Dutilleux

text: Wolfgang Fortner

text: Alberto Ginastera

text: Cristobal Halffter

text: Hans Werner Henze

text: Heinz Holliger

text: Klaus Huber

text: Witold Lutosławski

text: Mstislav Rostropovich

text: harmonic

text: orchestra

text: choral

text: soloists

text: speaker

text: opera

text: instrumental

text: vocal music

text: symphonies

text: concerto

text: chamber music

text: oratorio

text: cantata

text: elegy

text: ballet

text: Les Six

text: L'École de Paris

text: L'École de Paris

text: Friedrich Hölderlin

text: Louise Labé

text: Conrad Beck's CV

categories: 20th-century classical composers,1901 births,Swiss male classical composers,People from the canton of Schaffhausen,Swiss classical composers,People from Schaffhausen,1989 deaths

paragraph: Conrad Beck

paragraph: Conrad Arthur Beck (16 June 1901, Lohn, Schaffhausen – 31 October 1989, Basel) was a Swiss composer.

paragraph: Section::::Life and works.

paragraph: Beck was the son of a pastor. His stay in Paris between 1924 and 1933 proved crucial to his artistic development, where he studied with Jacques Ibert and also made contact with Arthur Honegger, Nadia Boulanger, and Albert Roussel. Returning to Basel in 1933, he headed the music department of Radio Basel for the next thirty years. He helped mediate cultural exchange through his many contacts with Swiss and international musicians.

paragraph: At the suggestion of Swiss conductor Paul Sacher (1906–1999), who promoted his career more than any other composer, Beck settled in Basel in 1934. During a period of over 50 years, Sacher commissioned his works and conducted their premieres with the chamber orchestra "Basler Kammerorchester" and the Collegium Musicum Zürich. From 1939 to 1966 Beck worked as music director of Swiss Radio in Basel, a position that enabled him to do a great deal to promote contemporary music.

paragraph: On the occasion of Paul Sacher's 70th birthday, Beck was asked, together with 11 composer friends (Luciano Berio, Pierre Boulez, Benjamin Britten, Henri Dutilleux, Wolfgang Fortner, Alberto Ginastera, Cristobal Halffter, Hans Werner Henze, Heinz Holliger, Klaus Huber and Witold Lutosławski), by Russian cellist Mstislav Rostropovich to write a composition for cello which used the notes creating Sacher's name: eS, A, C, H, E, Re (E, A, C, B, E, D). Beck created a three-movement work entitled "Für Paul Sacher, Drei Epigramme" for cello solo. The compositions were partially presented in Zürich on 2 May 1976.

paragraph: His honours include the composition prize of the Schweizerischer Tonkünstlerverein (1954), the Ludwig Spohr Prize of the city of Brunswick (1956) and the Basle Arts Prize (1964).

paragraph: Beck's music is characterized by a large measure of seriousness, tenacity, and depth of expression, but also by transparency and a sense of harmonic proportion. He composed a number of orchestral and choral works in the style of Arthur Honegger, the best known of which was "Der Tod zu Basel", a piece for choir, soloists, speaker, and orchestra. Besides opera, his work extended to all kinds of instrumental and vocal music, including seven symphonies, seven concertos, chamber music, one oratorio, one lyric cantata, one elegy, and one ballet, "Der große Bär".

paragraph: Section::::Short Biography.

paragraph: Early years

paragraph: The son of pastor Bernhard Beck and British architect’s daughter Lydia Barker, Conrad Beck was born in Schaffhausen and raised in Zurich. After his Matura, he first studied at Zurich’s Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule. Following private piano lessons from Carl Baldegger and harmony lessons from Paul Müller-Zürich, he decided on a musical career. He studied at the Zurich Conservatory with Volkmar Andreae (composition), Reinhold Laquai (counterpoint) and Carl Baldegger (piano).

paragraph: Stay in Paris

paragraph: In 1924 he moved to Paris, where he studied instrumentation privately with Jacques Ibert, along with further instruction from Basel composer Ernst Levy. He also sought advice from Nadia Boulanger, Arthur Honegger and Albert Roussel. Soon he could be counted among Boulangers inner circle of friends. The early encouragement he received and the lifelong friendships dating back to his time in Paris would play an important role in his life. The Winterthur patron Werner Reinhart provided additional impetus. From 1927 on, his works were published by Schott in Mainz. When in 1933 the national socialists took power and “aryanized” the cultural scene, this contract was terminated after Beck refused to sign a statement supporting an “Aryan” view of art. It was only after 1945 that Schott once again became Beck’s publisher.

paragraph: Move to Basel

paragraph: Beck relocated to Basel in 1933 at the suggestion of the conductor and music patron Paul Sacher, to whom he had introduced his friend Bohuslav Martinů. For five decades, Paul Sacher championed Beck, commissioning and conducting premieres of his works with the Basler Kammerorchester and the Collegium Musicum Zürich.

paragraph: From 1936 to 1966 he was music director of Radio Basel. Both here and on the board of the local branch of the IGNM (International Society for Contemporary Music) he was committed to promoting contemporary music. He saw it as an opportunity to encourage young composers even as their music and aesthetics were very different of that of his generation.

paragraph: Since 1963 Conrad Beck lived alternately in Rosey (Franche-Comté) and Basel.

paragraph: Activities as juror and expert

paragraph: Upon retirement, Beck was frequently called upon as juror and expert. From 1960 to 1980, as Conseiller to the Fondation Prince Pierre he sat on the jury of the Monaco composition competition. He also appeared in this function at the Concours Niccolò Paganini in Genua (1973) and at musical competitions in Oslo, Stockholm and Zurich.

paragraph: Honours

paragraph: In 1954 Conrad Beck was awarded the composition prize of the Schweizerischer Tonkünstlerverein, and in 1956 the Ludwig Spohr prize of the city of Braunschweig. He received the Basle Arts Prize in 1964. In 1973, Beck was appointed Commandeur de l‘ordre du Mérite Culturel by Prince Rainier III of Monaco.

paragraph: Special services to contemporary musics

paragraph: Beck proposed and arranged numerous original and first performances in the Basel local branch of the IGNM, including among others the première of the last work by Albert Roussel, the string trio op.58 (1937) composed especially for a Basel Jubilee concert the year he died. Shortly before this, Beck had organized the Swiss première of Roussel’s “Psalm 80” in Zurich, and introduced the French composer to Werner Reinhart, Othmar Schoeck and other Swiss musicians.

paragraph: Conrad Beck’s musical estate is held in the Paul Sacher Stiftung in Basel.

paragraph: Section::::Beck's music.

paragraph: From early on, one notes an anti-romantic position in his extensive and varied output, which includes all important genres except opera. This is reflected to the very end in a clear and linear style. Polyphonic structures are central to Beck's music. Voices that strive towards or away from each other are particularly typical of his subtle counterpoint. His dissonance-rich harmonies result predominantly from the respective part-writing.

paragraph: A harsh sonority dominates many works which venture into atonal regions, their themes often derived from complex chords. Owing to his close links to the French music of the Paris group Les Six and the work of his friends in L'École de Paris, Beck's music is often vividly rhythmical. This is instrumental in lightening his inborn Alemannic gravity and an introspection which often comes to the fore in slow movements.

paragraph: Section::::Position in musical history.

paragraph: Although neo-baroque and neo-classical elements alternate in his output, Conrad Beck does not fit into either of these movements. Based on music created during the 1920s in Paris by Stravinsky, Honegger, Roussel, Milhaud and other French composers, Beck developed an independent, predominantly lyrical and deeply expressive style.

paragraph: During the 1930s Beck, with his composer friends Tibor Harsányi (Hungary), Bohuslav Martinů (Czechoslovakia), Marcel Mihalovici (Rumania), Alexandre Tansman (Poland) and Alexander Tcherepnin (Russia), formed L'École de Paris, whose concerts occasionally also featured Alexander Spitzmüller-Harmersbach (Austria).

paragraph: The 1928 première in Boston of the Third Symphony, conducted by Serge Koussevitsky, was followed by further important performances of Beck's works under Ernest Ansermet, Ernest Bour, Hans Münch, Hans Rosbaud, Hermann Scherchen and Walter Straram, among others.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stage

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der große Bär" (The Big Bear), Ballet (1935–1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aeneas Silvius", Symphony (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Concertato" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fantasie" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hommages" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hymne" (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Innominata" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kammerkonzert" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kleine Suite" for string Orchestra (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nachklänge", Tripartita for orchestra (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ostinato" (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonatina (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Suite Concertante" for winds, percussion and double bass (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony No. 3 for string orchestra (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony No. 4 ""Konzert für Orchester"" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony No. 5 (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony No. 6 (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concertante

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concertino for clarinet, bassoon and orchestra (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concertino for oboe and orchestra (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concertino for Piano and orchestra (1927–1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto for clarinet and orchestra (1967–1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto for piano and orchestra (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto for string quartet and orchestra (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto for viola and orchestra (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto for wind quintet and orchestra (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kammerkonzert" for violin and orchestra (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Konzertmusik" for oboe and string orchestra (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lichter und Schatten" (Lights and Shadows), 3 Movements for 2 horns, percussion and string orchestra (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Serenade" for flute, clarinet and string orchestra (1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chamber music

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alternances" for clarinet, cello and piano (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duo for 2 violins (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duo for violin and viola (1934–1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Facetten", Three Impromptus for trumpet and piano (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Intermezzo" for horn and piano (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Légende" for clarinet and piano (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nocturne" for alto saxophone and piano (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonata No. 2 for cello and piano (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonata No. 2 for violin and piano (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonatina for cello and piano (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonatina for 2 flutes (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonatina for flute and 1 or 2 violins

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonatina for flute and piano (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonatina for oboe and piano (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonatina for viola and piano (1976–1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonatina for violin and piano (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- String Quartet No. 3 (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- String Quartet No. 4 (1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- String Quartet No. 5 (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- String Trio No. 1 (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- String Trio No. 2 (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Three Epigrammes" for cello solo (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trio for flute, oboe and piano (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonatina (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonatina No. 2 (1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonatina for piano 4-hands (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Organ

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Choral Sonata" (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonatina (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zwei Präludien" (2 Preludes) (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vocal

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Sonnenfinsternis", Cantata (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Tod des Oedipus", Cantata for soprano, tenor, baritone, mixed chorus, organ, 2 trumpets, 2 trombones and timpani (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Tod zu Basel", Großes Miserere for soprano, bass, 3 speakers, mixed chorus and orchestra (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Elegie", Solo Cantata after Friedrich Hölderlin (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Herbstfeuer", 6 Songs for alto and chamber orchestra (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "3 Herbstgesänge" for voice and piano or organ

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kammerkantate" after Sonnets of Louise Labé for soprano, flute, piano and string orchestra (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lyrische Kantate" for soprano, alto, female chorus and small orchestra (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Suite nach Volksliedern im Jahresablauf" (1947)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Conrad Beck's CV

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cello Duo Revives Compositions of Holocaust Victims" The Epoch Times

description: Swiss composer

wikidata_label: Conrad Beck

wikipedia_title: Conrad Beck


text:
summer koshien
Chunichi Dragons
2016 NPB Draft
Western League
backscreen
MVP
Asia Winter Baseball League
Wataru Takamatsu
Tokyo Yakult Swallows
Tetsuto Yamada

categories: Japanese baseball players,Sportspeople from Yamagata Prefecture,1998 births,Nippon Professional Baseball infielders,Living people

paragraph: Masami Ishigaki

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Ishigaki started playing baseball in his third year with Kamejiro Elementary School. In his senior year in middle school, Ishigaki was selected for the Tohoku regional representative team. In spring of his first year at South Sakata High School he became the regular third baseman for the team and in fall of the same year, he switched to fielding at short-stop. In spring of his second year he was put in the outfield but returned to short stop in spring of his senior year.

paragraph: Through his high school career he was not able to play at the summer koshien tournament with the best result being a semi-final appearance in the Tohoku prefectural tournament.

paragraph: On 20 October 2016, Ishigaki was selected as the 3rd draft pick for the Chunichi Dragons at the 2016 NPB Draft and on 22 November signed a provisional contract with a ¥50,000,000 sign-on bonus and a ¥5,400,000 yearly salary.

paragraph: Section::::Professional Career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional Career.:Chunichi Dragons.:2017.

paragraph: Ishigaki started his career in the Western League farm team playing mostly at third-base where he hit .197 with 3 homeruns in 60 games.

paragraph: On 4 October, Ishigaki made his professional debut, starting at third base, batting 7th where he struck out 3 times in 3 at bats.

paragraph: Section::::Professional Career.:Chunichi Dragons.:2018.

paragraph: On 12 July, Ishigaki was selected as a Dragon's representative in the 2018 Fresh All-Stars game where he hit a backscreen homerun as well as capturing MVP honours.

paragraph: On 19 October, it was announced that Ishigaki would be playing the 2018 Asia Winter Baseball League for the Western League selection however he was injured in the lead up and replaced by Wataru Takamatsu.

paragraph: He finished the 2018 Western League season slashing .183/.256/.234 with one homerun having played 100 games.

paragraph: Section::::Playing Style.

paragraph: Ishigaki hits for power with quick bat speed, can throw over 100 meters and can run 50 meters in 5.9 seconds. He has likened himself to and idolises Tokyo Yakult Swallows' triple crown man, Tetsuto Yamada.

description: baseball player (1998-)

wikidata_label: Masami Ishigaki

wikipedia_title: Masami Ishigaki


text: Roman Catholic

text: bishop

text: Bishop Richard Umbers

categories: Roman Catholic bishops in Australia,1968 births

paragraph: Columba Macbeth-Green

paragraph: Columba Macbeth-Green (born 30 June 1968) is an Australian Roman Catholic bishop of the Pauline Fathers, who currently serves as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Wilcannia-Forbes. Until the episcopal ordination of Bishop Richard Umbers on 24 August 2016, Bishop Macbeth-Green was the youngest Catholic bishop in Australia.

description: Australian priest

wikidata_label: Columba Macbeth-Green

wikipedia_title: Columba Macbeth-Green


text:
Kyoto
yūzen
Ministry of Railways
Inuyama
Tanesashi Coast
Prince Takamatsu
Iwane Matsui
Hiroshima atomic bombing
Sakai City Museum

wikipedia_title: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

categories: Japanese illustrators,1884 births,Japanese cartographers,1955 deaths

paragraph: Hatsusaburō Yoshida

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Yoshida was born in Kyoto in 1884 as Hatsusaburo Izumi. His father died when he was a year old, so he adopted his mother's surname. At age 10, Yoshida became a textile designer apprentice, making yūzen for kimonos. When he turned 25, he studied foreign painting with Masaro Kagiki, but turned to commercial art at Kagiki's recommendation.

paragraph: In 1914, his first bird's-eye view "Keihan Train Guide" was praised by Emperor Showa (then Crown Prince), who was aboard the Keihan Train on a school trip.

paragraph: The popularity of Hatsushiro's birds-eye view maps increased due to the tourism boom in Japan from Taisho to Showa era. Yoshida established the "Taishō meisho zue-sha" (Taisho famous places' illustration company), which was later renamed "Kankō-sha "("Tourism company"). Yoshida visited the places which he depicted on maps, talking to people and studying popular attractions.

paragraph: In 1921, in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the introduction of rail transport in Japan, the Ministry of Railways decided to publish "Railway Travel Information" guides with maps illustrated by Yoshida. He also made posters for the International Tourism Bureau's "Beautiful Japan" campaign in the 1930s.

paragraph: During that decade Yoshida was flooded with requests to create a bird's-eye maps from the whole country (including Manchuria and Taiwan). He hired disciples to help with his works, while moving his base to Inuyama City and Hachinohe City (Tanesashi Coast). He also received requests from many friends, like royalty such as Prince Takamatsu and soldiers such as Iwane Matsui. However, during World War II, Yoshida's map production slowed down; the military judged those maps would be inconvenient in that time, as they would potentially reveal military secrets, such as secret harbors, to the enemy.

paragraph: After the war Yoshida's first major work was a bird's-eye view of the aftermath of the Hiroshima atomic bombing.

paragraph: Yoshida died in 1955. In 1999, a retrospective exhibition about his maps was held at the Sakai City Museum.

alias:
Hatsusaburo Yoshida
Hatsusaburou Yoshida

description: Japanese illustrator

wikidata_label: Hatsusaburō Yoshida

wikipedia_title: Hatsusaburō Yoshida


text:
QC
Manx
High Bailiff
Castletown
Douglas, Isle of Man
Sir James Gell
Castletown, Isle of Man
King William's College
Castletown, Isle of Man
Attorney General of the Isle of Man
Sir James
Sir James Gell
Attorney General
Crown
High Bailiff
Ramsey
High Bailiff
Castletown
Samuel Harris
Douglas
High Bailiff
Thomas Kneen
Sir William Kyffin Taylor
Isle of Man
Common Law Division
High Court
Castletown
Chief Constable of the Isle of Man
Malew

wikipedia_title:
Queen's Counsel
Isle of Man
High Bailiff
Castletown, Isle of Man
Douglas, Isle of Man
Sir James Gell
Castletown, Isle of Man
King William's College
Castletown, Isle of Man
Attorney General (Isle of Man)
Sir James Gell
Sir James Gell
Attorney General (Isle of Man)
The Crown
High Bailiff
Ramsey, Isle of Man
High Bailiff
Castletown, Isle of Man
Samuel Harris (bailiff)
Douglas, Isle of Man
High Bailiff
Thomas Kneen
Francis Taylor, 1st Baron Maenan
Isle of Man
Common law
High Court
Castletown, Isle of Man
Isle of Man Constabulary
Malew

categories: Manx people,Manx judges,1919 deaths,1855 births

paragraph: James Stowell Gell

paragraph: James Stowell Gell QC (20 April 1855 – 23 September 1919) was a Manx advocate who became High Bailiff of both Castletown and Douglas, Isle of Man.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: The second of four sons to Sir James Gell and Amelia Marcia Gell (nee Gill), James Stowell Gell was born in Castletown, Isle of Man on Friday 20 April 1855.

paragraph: Like his father before him, James Gell was educated at King William's College, Castletown, Isle of Man and on completion of his education he entered as student-at-law with the object of being admitted to the Manx Bar.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.

paragraph: Articled to the law firm of his father, who was then Her Majesty's Attorney General of the Isle of Man, he qualified in 1878.

paragraph: He at once entered into partnership with his father, Sir James, the firm being known as Gell and Gell and having an extensive family and court practice.

paragraph: He remained in association with his father as a practicing advocate until 1897, when Sir James Gell was appointed First Deemster.

paragraph: During an illness which affected his father during the 1890s, he acted as Attorney General, and in such capacity it fell on him to lead for the Crown in the prosecution of George Cooper on a charge of having murdered his wife at the Regent Hotel, Douglas. His junior on the occasion was James Murray Cruikshank High Bailiff of Ramsey.

paragraph: On 5 May 1892 Gell was appointed High Bailiff of Castletown in succession to John Jeffcott, and on 8 August 1905, on the resignation of Samuel Harris, Gell was appointed High Bailiff for Douglas. It was said of him that he discharged his magisterial duties with great acceptance and with conspicuous fairness.

paragraph: As High Bailiff he was ex-officio chairman of the Licensing Courts for the districts of Castletown and Douglas.

paragraph: During the period following the death of Clerk of the Rolls, Thomas Kneen, and the appointment of Sir William Kyffin Taylor as special Judge of Appeal in the Isle of Man, Gell acted as a member of the Court of Staff of Government, and as such he sat during several cases of appeal from decisions of the Common Law Division of the High Court.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Personal life.

paragraph: On 25 August 1887 Gell married Emily Bainton, the youngest daughter of William Bainton of Beverley Park, Beverley, Yorkshire. The marriage produced one son, James Bainton Stowell Gell, who was drafted overseas in August 1918 and killed in action on 9 October 1918, aged 19.

paragraph: Regarded as a proud Castletonian, Gell assisted in the development of Castletown and from the time he was a young man he took a leading part in Castletown public affairs. Said to have been a highly charitable person, together with his wife Gell worked to provide assistance to the poor members of the community.

paragraph: Although a man of strong conviction, Gell never failed to accept the right of one person to differ from another, even when the difference was with himself.

paragraph: A communicant of the Established Church, like his father before him, Gell championed liberty of religious conscience for all.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: The death of his son was said to of affected Gell very deeply. In the early spring of 1919, he contracted a virus and gradually started to become weaker, although he continued to attend to his office. His condition worsened, and from early May he was confined to his house. Gell died at this home, Westwood, The Crofts, Castletown, on 23 September 1919. He was survived by his wife.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Funeral.

paragraph: Gell's funeral took place on Friday 26 September. Those in attendance included the Chief Constable of the Isle of Man, Colonel Madoc; members of the Bar; Sir Hall Caine; the Vicar General of the Isle of Man and all Justices of the Peace.

paragraph: Following the service James Gell's body was interred in the family vault in Malew Parish Churchyard.

wikidata_label: James Stowell Gell

wikipedia_title: James Stowell Gell


text:
daguerreotypist
art galleries
Missouri
Guilford, Vermont
St. Lawrence County, New York
Vermont
New Hampshire
Winooski
Connecticut
Hudson River School
Mississippi River
George Davenport
Missouri
Liberty, Missouri
St. Louis
lightning bolt
John Ostrander
mercury
Missouri Historical Society

wikipedia_title:
Daguerreotype
Art museum
Missouri
Guilford, Vermont
St. Lawrence County, New York
Vermont
New Hampshire
Winooski River
Connecticut River
Hudson River School
Mississippi River
George Davenport
Missouri River
Liberty, Missouri
St. Louis
Thunderbolt
John Ostrander
Mercury (element)
Missouri Historical Society

categories: 1882 deaths,1809 births,People from Guilford, Vermont,19th-century American photographers,Commercial photographers,Artists from St. Louis

paragraph: Thomas Martin Easterly

paragraph: Thomas Martin Easterly (October 3, 1809 – March 12, 1882) was a 19th-century American daguerreotypist and photographer. One of the more prominent and well-known daguerreotypists in the Midwest United States during the 1850s, his studio became one of the first permanent art galleries in Missouri.

paragraph: Although his reputation was limited to the Midwest during his lifetime, he is considered to have been one of the foremost experts in the field of daguerreotype photography in the United States during the mid-to-late 19th century. He took the very first known photograph of a lightning bolt in history.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Guilford, Vermont, he was the second of five children born to Tunis Easterly and Philomena Richardson. He reportedly came from a poor background, his father being a farmer and part-time shoemaker, and was living away from home at age 11. Around 1830, he was living in St. Lawrence County, New York although little is known of his early years.

paragraph: He began working as itinerant calligrapher and a penmanship teacher traveling throughout Vermont, New Hampshire and New York during the 1830s and 40s. By 1844, he had begun practicing photography taking outdoor photographs of architectural landmarks and scenic sites in Vermont. Among his earliest daguerreotypes, made a decade before outdoor photography was popular or profitable, those of the Winooski and Connecticut rivers are the only known examples to be self-consciously influenced by the romantic landscape paintings of the Hudson River School artists. He was also the first and only daguerreotypist to identify his work using engraved signatures and descriptive captions.

paragraph: In the fall of 1845, Easterly traveled to the Midwest United States and toured the Mississippi River with Frederick F. Webb as representatives of the Daguerreotype Art Union. The two gained some notoriety from their photography of the criminals convicted of the murder of George Davenport in October of that year. Iowa newspapers reported that Easterly and Webb had achieved a "splendid likeness" of the men shortly before their execution. Easterly and Webb continued touring on the Mississippi and Missouri rivers for several months before spending the winter of 1846-47 in Liberty, Missouri.

paragraph: The only known photograph of the first St. Charles Hotel in New Orleans, built to be the world's finest, was taken by Easterly ca. 1847.

paragraph: The following spring, Easterly and Webb went their separate ways with Easterly traveling on his own to St. Louis. He soon became popular for his portraits of prominent residents and visiting celebrities which were displayed in a temporary gallery on Glasgow Row. One of these portraits was that of Chief Keokuk taken March 1847. He also took a daguerreotype of a lightning bolt, one of the first recorded "instantaneous" photographic images, while in St. Louis. This was later recorded in the "Iowa Sentinel" as an ""Astonishing Achievement in Art"". Before returning to Vermont in August 1847, the "St. Louis Reveille described his as an ""unrivaled daguerreotypist"".

paragraph: He was brought back to Missouri by John Ostrander, founder of the first daguerreotype gallery in St. Louis, in early 1848. Preparing for an extended "tour of the south", Ostringer asked Easterly to manage his portrait gallery. Esterly would continue running the gallery when Ostringer died a short time later. Many of his unique streetscapes depicting mid-19th-century urban life were taken from the windows of Ostringer's gallery. In June 1850, he married schoolteacher Anna Miriam Bailey and settled in St. Louis permanently.

paragraph: During the 1860s, improvements in photographic development caused daguerreotypes to become out of fashion. Easterly refused to acknowledge these changes believing the highly detailed daguerreotypes were far superior in terms of beauty or permanence urging the public to ""save your old daguerreotypes for you will never see their like again"". During the next decade, both his health and financial situation worsened. Despite the declining interest for pictures on silver, he was able to maintain his gallery until it burned in a fire in 1865. He was forced to move to a smaller location and continued working in near obscurity until his death in St. Louis on March 12, 1882. He had suffered from a long illness and partial paralysis in his final years and is thought to have been caused by prolonged exposure to mercury, one of the key ingredients used in the daguerreotype process.

paragraph: After his death, his wife sold most of his personal collection to John Scholton, another noted St. Louis photographer. The Scholton family eventually donated the plates to the Missouri Historical Society where they remained for nearly a century before being rediscovered during the 1980s by art scholars studying pre-American Civil War photography.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Davidson, Carla. "The View from Fourth and Olive". "American Heritage" 13 (December 1971): 76-91.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guidrey, Gail R. "Long, Fitzgibbon, Easterly, Outley: St. Louis Daguerreans". "St. Louis Literary Supplement" 1 (November–December 1977): 6-8.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kilgo, Dolores A. "Likeness and Landscape: Thomas M. Easterly and the Art of the Daguerreotype". St. Louis: Missouri Historical Society Press, 1994.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Van Ravenswaay, Charles. "Pioneer Photographers of St. Louis". "Missouri Historical Society Bulletin" 10 (October 1953): 49-71.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Easterly Collection from Missouri History Museum's Flickr page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Easterly Photos in the Missouri History Museum Collections

description: American photographer

wikidata_label: Thomas Martin Easterly

wikipedia_title: Thomas Martin Easterly


categories: People from Bari,Italian male sport wrestlers,World Wrestling Championships medalists,1922 births,Wrestlers at the 1948 Summer Olympics,Wrestlers at the 1952 Summer Olympics,Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics,Olympic wrestlers of Italy,Olympic gold medalists for Italy,Olympic medalists in wrestling,2011 deaths

paragraph: Pietro Lombardi (wrestler)

paragraph: Pietro Lombardi (4 June 1922 – 5 October 2011) was a Greco-Roman wrestler from Italy. He who won a gold medal in the flyweight division at the 1948 Olympics and placed third at the world championships in 1950 and 1955.

description: Olympic wrestler

wikidata_label: Pietro Lombardi

wikipedia_title: Pietro Lombardi (wrestler)


text: Polish

text: heraldist

text: Jesuit

text: lexicographer

text: Greater Poland

text: burgher

text: training as a Jesuit

text: Kraków

text: Lublin

text: Jagiellonian University

text: Lutsk

text: Krosno

text: Bydgoszcz

text: Chojnice

text: Kalisz

text: Masovia

text: Lesser Poland

text: Ruthenia

text: Krasnystaw

text: Lwów

text: Potocki

text: Polish

text: szlachta

text: Jan Nepomucen de Bobrowicz

text: Leipzig

text: Lviv

text: "Korona Polska..." vol. 1

text: "Korona Polska..." vol. 2

text: "Korona Polska..." vol. 3

text: "Korona Polska..." vol. 4

text: Herbarz Polski... vol. 4-10

text: Jan Nepomucen de Bobrowicz

text: Leipzig

text: Herbarz Polski...

text: Polish literature

text: Polish heraldry

categories: Polish male writers,1744 deaths,1682 births,Polish genealogists,Polish Jesuits,Polish Roman Catholics,Polish heraldists

paragraph: Kasper Niesiecki

paragraph: Kasper Niesiecki (31 December 1682 – 9 July 1744), also known as Kacper Niesiecki, was a Polish heraldist, Jesuit, lexicographer, writer, theologian and preacher.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Niesiecki was born in Greater Poland to a burgher family. In 1699 he began training as a Jesuit in Kraków. From 1701 to 1704 he studied philosophy in Lublin, earning a master's degree. In 1707 Niesiecki started his studies in theology at the Jagiellonian University, graduating in 1711. He undertook further study in Lutsk, Krosno, Bydgoszcz, Chojnice and Kalisz.

paragraph: Between 1715 and 1723 Niesiecki worked as a preacher in Masovia, Greater Poland, Lesser Poland and Ruthenia. He taught rhetoric in Bydgoszcz and Chojnice, and ethics and mathematics in Kalisz. From 1724 he lived in the monastery of Krasnystaw, where he engaged in his life's work, compiling the "Herbarz Polski" ("Polish Armorial"). Niesiecki died there on 9 July 1744.

paragraph: The first volume of "Herbarz Polski" was published in 1728 in Lwów. Niesiecki wanted to write it in Latin, but his patron, Marianna from Potocki-Tarłowa, specified that it was to be published in Polish. Because Niesiecki tried to not use unverified sources and legends, he was opposed by the szlachta (Polish nobility). He continued with the work; however, there were delays in printing the next volumes. After the fourth volume was published attacks by the nobles increased; they sent letters of protest to his Polish and Roman superiors. Work on the fifth volume was interrupted by his death; it was completed by Stanisław Czapliński, but never published. In the opinion of historians, the work of Niesiecki obeys all world-standards of genealogy.

paragraph: In the 19th century the armorial was expanded by several authors and published by Jan Nepomucen de Bobrowicz in Leipzig.

paragraph: Section::::"Polish Armorial".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Herbarz Polski" ("Polish Armorial") full title: "Korona Polska przy złotey wolnosci starożytnemi Rycerstwa Polskiego y Wielkiego Xięstwa Litewskiego kleynotami naywyższymi Honorami Heroicznym, Męstwem y odwagą, Wytworną Nauką a naypierwey Cnotą, nauką Pobożnością, y Swiątobliwością ozdobiona Potomnym zaś wiekom na zaszczyt y nieśmiertelną sławę Pamiętnych w tey Oyczyźnie Synow podana TOM ... Przez X. Kaspra Niesieckego Societatis Jesu", Lviv, 1738.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Korona Polska..." vol. 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Korona Polska..." vol. 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Korona Polska..." vol. 3

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Korona Polska..." vol. 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- edition expanded by other authors: Herbarz Polski... vol. 4-10, published by Jan Nepomucen de Bobrowicz, Leipzig, 1841

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herbarz Polski... - some volumes

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Polish literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- Polish heraldry

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coats of arms pictures from "Herbarz Polski"

wikidata_label: Kasper Niesiecki

wikipedia_title: Kasper Niesiecki


text:
Portuguese
law
University of Coimbra
Clã
Humanos
Ornatos Violeta
Três Tristes Tigres
Trovante
Carinhoso
Mola Dudle
José Peixoto
Manuel Paulo
Pato Fu
Arnaldo Antunes

categories: Mirandese language,People from Vila do Conde,21st-century women singers,21st-century Portuguese singers,1970 births,University of Coimbra alumni,Portuguese female singers,Living people

paragraph: Manuela Azevedo

paragraph: Manuela Azevedo (born May 5, 1970) is a Portuguese singer. A graduate in law at the University of Coimbra, she is the singer of the Clã band, once integrated the Humanos band.

paragraph: Participation in other projects:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ornatos Violeta (1997) -- «Líbido» e «Letra S»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Três Tristes Tigres (1999) -- «(Falta) Forma»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trovante (1999) -- «Perigo» (em Concerto de Reunião / «Uma Noite Só»)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carinhoso (2002) -- «Carinhoso»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mola Dudle (2003) -- «Árvore»

paragraph: BULLET::::- José Peixoto (2003) -- «Caixinha de Pandora»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manuel Paulo (2004) -- Malhas Caídas

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pato Fu (2005) -- «Bom Dia Brasil»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arnaldo Antunes (2006) -- «Qualquer» e «Num Dia»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brigada Victor Jara (2006) -- «Tirióni»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vozes da Rádio (2007) -- «O Pato da Pena Preta»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vários (2008)-- «Woman»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Júlio Resende (2008) -- «Ir (e Voltar)»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Júlio Pereira (2010) -- «Casa das Histórias»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Virgem Suta (2010) -- «Linhas Cruzadas»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peixe:Avião (2010) -- «Fios de Fumo»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pequenos Cantores da Maia (2012) -- «Eu Sou O Pzzim»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sensi (2013) -- «Introspecção»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galamdum Galundaína (2016) -- «Tanta Pomba»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Special Concerts

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blind Zero - 27 + 29 January 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trovante - Maio 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- Porto Cantado - Porto 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concert of the Count Basie Orchestra - Campo Pequeno - October 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arnaldo Antunes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caríssimas Canções de Sérgio Godinho (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deixem o Pimba Em Paz (2013) - Bruno Nogueira

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joining Mitchell - Tribute to Joni Mitchell (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coppia (2014) - CCB - Hélder Gonçalves e Victor Hugo Pontes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theater

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Lua de Maria Sem" - play with Maria João Luís (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Inesquecível Emília" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baile" (2015)

description: Portuguese singer

wikidata_label: Manuela Azevedo

wikipedia_title: Manuela Azevedo


text:
Pfuel
German
general
Kingdom of Prussia
Russian Empire
General Staff
Frederick William III of Prussia
Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
scorched earth
Napoleon's invasion of Russia
Ludwigsburg
Württemberg
Pfuel
Brandenburg
Swabia
Potsdam
Berlin
Prussian Army
Frederick II
Rhine
First Coalition
Oberst
Generalmajor
Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
Fourth Coalition
Alexander I of Russia
Russian Army
scorched earth
Napoleon Bonaparte
invasion of Russia
Moscow
Sweden
England
Prince Frederik of the Netherlands
The Hague
Brussels
Stuttgart
Leo Tolstoy
War and Peace
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
Leipzig

categories: Russian-German people,Prussian nobility,Prussian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars,People from the Duchy of Württemberg,German military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars,1826 deaths,People from Ludwigsburg,Russian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars,1757 births

paragraph: Karl Ludwig von Phull

paragraph: Karl Ludwig August Friedrich von Phull (or Pfuel) (6 November 1757 – 25 April 1826) was a German general in the service of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Russian Empire. Phull served as Chief of the General Staff of King Frederick William III of Prussia in the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt. While in Russian service, he successfully advocated for a scorched earth policy during Napoleon's invasion of Russia.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Phull was born in Ludwigsburg to the Württemberg-line of the Pfuel family of Brandenburg. He was the son of the Swabian general Carl Ludwig Wilhelm August von Phull (1723–1793) and Auguste Wilhelmine von Keßlau (1734–1768).

paragraph: Phull's first marriage was in Potsdam on 2 May 1790 to Henriette Luise Charlotte von Beguelin (1763–1810), but they divorced in 1800. They had one daughter, Emilie Hernriette (1792–1864). Phull remarried on 18 September 1801 to Charlotte Poths (1766–1808), but this second marriage ended in 1803. Phull and Poths had one son, Eugen (1801–1857). Phull married for a third time in Berlin on 4 October 1810 to Sabine Henriette von Wedel (ca. 1773–1840), but this marriage also ended in separation.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Phull entered the Prussian Army in 1777, serving near King Frederick II and becoming a member of the Prussian General Staff in 1781. Having participated in the Rhine campaign of 1793 in the First Coalition, he was promoted to Oberst in 1798 and Generalmajor in 1805. As the Departementschef of the General Staff since 1804, he was Frederick William III's chief of staff during the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt in 1806.

paragraph: As a result of the Prussian collapse in the Fourth Coalition, Frederick William sent Phull to serve Tsar Alexander I of Russia. Phull won the confidence of the Russian emperor, was promoted to Generalmajor in the Russian Army, and instructed Alexander in military strategy.

paragraph: It is disputed how involved Phull was in the Russian decision to engage in a scorched earth policy against Napoleon Bonaparte during his invasion of Russia. After Napoleon took Moscow on 14 September 1812, Phull was opposed by Russian officers and forced to flee through Sweden to England. In a letter to Phull written on 12 December 1813, Alexander wrote, „C’est Vous qui avez conçu le plan qui, avec l’aide de la providence, a eu pour suite le salut de la Russie et celui de l’Europe.“ (""It is you who conceived the plan which, with the help of the Providence, had as a result the salvation of Russia and that of Europe"").

paragraph: In 1813 Phull instructed Prince Frederik of the Netherlands in The Hague. After the fall of Paris in 1814, Phull was named Russian ambassador in The Hague and Brussels; his witty third wife, Sabine Henriette von Wedel, headed a popular household in Brussels. After Wedel became emotionally unstable, Phull retired to Stuttgart in 1821, where he died five years later.

paragraph: Phull's involvement with the Russian campaign in 1812 is included in Leo Tolstoy's "War and Peace", in which the general is known as "Pfuel".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie" (ADB). Bd. 26, Leipzig 1888

description: German general

wikidata_label: Karl Ludwig von Phull

wikipedia_title: Karl Ludwig von Phull


href: arithmetic geometry accounting

text: arithmetic geometry accounting

categories: Italian writers,1741 deaths,Accountants,1738 births

paragraph: Giuseppe Vergani

paragraph: Giuseppe Carlo Vergani (1738–1741) was an Italian writer.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was an official and a public professor of arithmetic and geometry.

paragraph: Vergani's books were considered fundamental reads for whoever was interested in accounting.

description: Italian author (18th century)

wikidata_label: Giuseppe Vergani

wikipedia_title: Giuseppe Vergani


href: Padua drawing mathematics Republic%20of%20Venice

text: Padua drawing mathematics Venetian

categories: 1767 deaths,People from Brescia,Italian mathematicians,1711 births

paragraph: Giambattista Suardi

paragraph: Giambattista Suardi (Brescia January 9, 1711 - March 2, 1767) was an Italian mathematician.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in a noble family, he studied mathematics in Padua. Suardi graduated in 1773 under supervision of Giovanni Poleni. In 1752 he published an essay about drawing and mathematics tools: "Nuovi istromenti per la descrizione di diverse curve antiche e moderne e di molte altre che servir possono alla speculazione de' geometri ed all'uso de' pratici: col progetto di due nuove macchine per la nautica ed una per la meccanica, e con alcune osservazioni sopra de' poligoni rettilinei regolari".

paragraph: He married Cecilia Curti, a Venetian woman.

description: italian mathematician

wikidata_label: Giambattista Suardi

wikipedia_title: Giambattista Suardi


text:
Italian
theologian
philosopher
astronomer
canon
Urbino Cathedral
theology
philosophy
University of Urbino
judicial astrology
telescope
zodiac
Erycius Puteanus
calendrical date line

categories: 1570 births,1645 deaths,Canons (priests),Italian theologians,Italian astronomers

paragraph: Giacomo Micalori

paragraph: Giacomo Micalori (1570 – 1645) was an Italian theologian, philosopher and astronomer.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Urbino in 1570, he became in 1600 a canon of the Urbino Cathedral. He was professor of theology and philosophy at the University of Urbino.

paragraph: His main work in four books, "Della sfera mondiale", printed in Urbino in 1626 by Marc' Antonio Mazzantini with many astronomical illustrations, is a relevant work of disclosure against judicial astrology, with details about telescope and zodiac.

paragraph: He vigorously disputed with Erycius Puteanus (Erik van de Putte) about his proposal of a calendrical date line. He was also author of a comedy and a drama.

paragraph: He died in Urbino in 1645.

wikidata_label: Giacomo Micalori

wikipedia_title: Giacomo Micalori


text:
Copenhagen
Royal Danish Theatre
Frøken Nitouche
Victorien Sardou
Yvette Guilbert
Scandinavia
Liepāja
Casino Theatre
Copenhagen
Erik Bogh
Store Nordiske Telegrafselskab
Paris
Sarah Bernhardt
Royal Danish Theatre
Frøken Nitouche
Adam Oehlenschläger
Ludvig Holberg
Henrik Ibsen
Yvette Guilbert
Ingenio et arti
Danish Medal of Merit
Skodsborg
Vestre Cemetery

categories: Danish female singers,19th-century Danish actresses,1936 deaths,20th-century Danish actresses,19th-century Danish singers,People from Liepāja,Danish expatriates in Latvia,Actresses from Copenhagen,1851 births,Recipients of the Medal of Merit (Denmark),Recipients of Ingenio et Arti

paragraph: Oda Nielsen

paragraph: Oda Laurenze Helmine Nielsen née Larsen (1851–1936) was a highly acclaimed Danish actress who performed both in private theatres in Copenhagen and at the Royal Danish Theatre. Inspired by French actresses, she played the roles of attractive young women, for example in the title roles of Frøken Nitouche and Victorien Sardou's "Dora". She later took on roles where she sang, imitating the French singer Yvette Guilbert. This increased her popularity not only in Scandinavia but also in the United States where she performed for Danish audiences. One of her favourite roles in later life was Grevinde Danner (Countess Danner) in Sven Leopold's "Hos Grevinden".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born on 7 August 1851 in Liepāja, Latvia, Oda Laurenze Helmine Larsen was the daughter of the ship owner Jens Larsen (1820–85) and Caresia Møller (1822–74). In 1871, she married the telegraphy executive Jens Petersen (1843–80) and in 1884, the actor Martinius Nielsen (1859-1928).

paragraph: Nielsen's début was in May 1870 at the Casino Theatre, Copenhagen, when she acted anomynously in Erik Bogh's Vaudeville play "Et enfoldigt Pigebarn". Despite her lack of any previous stage experience, she proved a great success, thanks to her natural grace and her good singing voice. After a few more roles at the Casino, in 1871 she married an executive from the Store Nordiske Telegrafselskab whom she accompanied to Paris when he was stationed until his death in 1880. Now familiar with the theatrical repertoire in Paris, she returned to the Casino in 1881, playing the title role in Victorien Sardou's "Dora", arousing comparisons with the French actress Sarah Bernhardt.

paragraph: Such was her success that she was also invited to act at the Royal Danish Theatre but she actually preferred appearing at the Casino and later at the Dagmar Theatre. Here, in 1884, she was enormously successful in the operetta Frøken Nitouche, appearing 500 times. That year she married the actor Martin Nielsen, joining him in performances of plays by Adam Oehlenschläger, Ludvig Holberg and Henrik Ibsen at the Royal Theatre over the next six years. Her husband then took over the management of the Casino Theatre and merged it with the Dagmar, benefiting from the support of his wife. Her popularity continued to increase, especially when she imitated the French singer Yvette Guilbert in works such as Sardou's "Madame Sans-Gêne". In 1906, she went to the United States on a singing tour, performing for Danish audiences.

paragraph: In later life, one of her most successful roles was Grevinde Danner in Svend Leopold's "Hos Grevinden" which she continued to perform in the provinces until she was almost 80. In 1910, she was awarded the Ingenio et arti and in 1920 the Danish Medal of Merit.

paragraph: Oda Nielsen died in Skodsborg on 11 September 1936 and is buried in Copenhagen's Vestre Cemetery.

description: Danish actress

wikidata_label: Oda Nielsen

wikipedia_title: Oda Nielsen


text:
landscape
marine
portrait
lithographer
Hamburg
Arnold Böcklin
Ferdinand Pauwels
Weimar Saxon Grand Ducal Art School
Lower Elbe
Carl Oesterley
Lawrence Alma-Tadema
Molly Cramer
Helene Cramer
Ohlsdorf Cemetery
Art Gallery and Museum
archive.org

categories: German painters,People from Hamburg,20th-century German painters,1841 births,19th-century German painters

paragraph: Carl Rodeck

paragraph: Carl Rodeck (13 September 1841 – 14 April 1909) was a German landscape, marine and portrait painter.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: His father was a lithographer and, in 1842, his family moved to Hamburg to open their own shop. From 1863 to 1866, he studied under Arnold Böcklin, Ferdinand Pauwels and at the Weimar Saxon Grand Ducal Art School. After a brief return to Hamburg in 1869, prompted by his father's illness, he went to Berlin for further studies then, in 1871, went back to Hamburg, where he took up permanent residence. After his father's death he closed the shop and devoted himself entirely to painting.

paragraph: He quickly found the themes for his works; mainly oil paintings or watercolors. He portrayed the German forest, the landscape of the Lower Elbe and the old harbor neighborhood of Hamburg and was constantly on the road with a sketch pad or easel. In 1869 the "" had been his first customer, and continued to buy his works throughout the 1870s. He was represented in all the major exhibitions, including Hamburg and Hanover, and later in Berlin, Dresden and Munich. He also exhibited in Vienna and London. In later years, he became increasingly interested in portrait painting.

paragraph: Study trips took him to Norway. Together with his friend Carl Oesterley he visited the Netherlands, Belgium and England, where he had relatives by marriage. (His brother was the brother-in-law of the Frisian-English painter Lawrence Alma-Tadema.) As a further source of income he gave private lessons in drawing and painting for young women from Hamburg's upper classes. His students included the sisters Molly Cramer and Helene Cramer, as well as his later wife Maria Hastedt (the daughter of a Hamburg architect) whom he married in 1888.

paragraph: In 1907, after several strokes, he had to give up painting. On 14 April 1909 he died, his corpse was cremated, and the urn was placed at the Ohlsdorf Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Angler an einem Teich im Wald" (Angler at a pond in the forest), (Art Gallery and Museum, Glasgow)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Waldlandschaft" (forest landscape), 1880

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mittagsruhe - Schafherde im Wald" (Noon rest - sheep herd in the forest), 1881

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fischerdorf in der Nähe Hamburgs" (Fishing village near Hamburg), 1881

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Abend auf der Elbe unterhalb Hamburg" (Evening on the Elbe below Hamburg), 1888

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (archive.org)

alias:
Karl Rodeck
prof. c. rodeck
rodeck carl
carl rodeck
karl rodeck

description: German painter

wikidata_label: Carl Rodeck

wikipedia_title: Carl Rodeck


text:
umpire
Major League Baseball
American League
Appalachian League
Eastern Michigan University
International League
1991 World Series
American League Championship Series
1989
1995
1999
Division Series
1997
2000
2001
All-Star Game
1986
1998
Texas Rangers
American League
Baltimore Orioles
For Love of the Game
Kevin Costner
List of Major League Baseball umpires
Major league profile
Retrosheet

paragraph: Rick Reed (umpire)

paragraph: Rick Alan Reed (born March 3, 1950) is a former umpire in Major League Baseball. He joined the American League staff in 1979, and worked throughout both major leagues from 2000 to 2009. He was named a crew chief in 1999. Reed wore uniform number 23.

paragraph: His professional umpiring career began in the Appalachian League in 1973. Reed earned a B.A. in business administration from Eastern Michigan University while umpiring in the Appalachian League. He advanced through the minors to the International League for the 1978 season. He worked his first major league game toward the end of the umpire's strike in 1979. He returned to the International League when it ended. From 1980 to 1982, Reed was a substitute umpire in the AL. He earned a permanent spot on the AL staff in 1983.

paragraph: He worked in 7 postseasons, including the 1991 World Series; the American League Championship Series in 1989, 1995, and 1999 (serving as crew chief); and the Division Series in 1997, 2000, and 2001. He worked the All-Star Game in 1986 and 1998. He became a crew chief in 1999.

paragraph: On August 22, 2007, Reed was the home plate umpire when the Texas Rangers set the American League record for most runs scored in a game with 30 against the Baltimore Orioles.

paragraph: Reed is a part-time actor in the offseason, including an appearance as the umpire in "For Love of the Game" starring Kevin Costner.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball umpires

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Major league profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Retrosheet

description: American professional baseball umpire

wikidata_label: Rick Reed

wikipedia_title: Rick Reed (umpire)