text:
Gujarati
Ghazal
Ghalib
Surat
British India
tuberculosis
railway station
Mumbai
Marsiya
Urdu
Anis
Dabeer
Gazal
Partition of India
Asim Randeri
All India Radio
Indian Independence Movement
Quit India Movement
Dawoodi Bohra
Taher Saifuddin
Dā'ī al-Mutlaq
Ghatkopar
auto rickshaw
Ghatkopar
Nazm
Rajesh Vyas 'Miskin'
Siqva Jawab E Siqva
Iqbal
Imam Hussain
Raeesh Maniar
Premanand Suvarna Chandrak

categories: 20th-century Indian poets,Gujarati people,Urdu poets from India,Indian male poets,Poets from Gujarat,1917 births,Indian Muslims,Gujarati-language poets,1983 deaths,People from Surat

paragraph: Mareez

paragraph: Mareez, born Abbas Abdul Ali Vasi (, 22 February 1917 – 19 October 1983), was a Gujarati poet, mainly popular for his Ghazals. He is popularly known as "Ghalib of Gujarat". He left studies in young age and started working in rubber shoe factory. Having interested in poetry, he took up journalism but remained financially unstable throughout his life. He wrote Gazals published in collections but many of his works remained uncredited which he sold during his financial difficulties. His popularity escalated after his death.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Abbas Vasi was born on 22 February 1917 in Pathanwada area of Surat, British India to Abdul Ali and Amatulla Vasi. His father was a teacher in Madrasah Taiyabiyah School, Surat. His was third among eleven siblings. His mother died of tuberculosis when he was young. He studied only till second grade as he was not interested in studies. He used to go to the railway station and what engines of the trains. His father was a teacher and as he saw that young Abbas is not interested in studies he discontinued his studies and sent him to Mumbai to work.

paragraph: From young age, Abbas was interested in Marsiyas as his elder sister Rukhaiya used to recite Marasiyas written by Urdu poets, Anis and Dabeer. He wrote his first poem on the first birthday of his cousin when he was fourteen years old. He used to go to Zhapa Bazar in Surat where the group of people interested in Urdu and Gujarati Gazals gathered on regular basis. He met Ameen Azad (1913-1992) there whom he acknowledged as his teacher or "Ustad". Amin Azad named him, "Mareez".

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He went to Mumbai in 1932 and started working at Universal Rubber Works which manufactured rubber shoes.

paragraph: Though his earnings were not good he used to spend them on books. He fell in love with his cousin. His marriage proposal was rejected by her father because of his financial condition and habits of smoking and drinking. He was deeply shocked by the incident.

paragraph: He left the rubber shoe factory and started working as journalist. He also briefly worked as a salesman of bookseller, Shrafali and Sons, Bhindi Bazar, Bombay. He had edited a special edition of "Gulshan-e-Dawoodi". He worked briefly with "Vatan" and "Matrubhumi" dailies. "Vatan" stopped publishing following the Partition of India. He published "Azaan", "Khushbu" and "Umeed" magazines but they were stalled due to financial constraints. His friend and poet, Asim Randeri helped him and he presented his first ever Mushayara, recitation of Gazals, on All India Radio in Mumbai in 1936. He also worked in "Leela", a magazine published by Randeri. He married his wife Sona in 1946 and uncle of his wife, Salehbhai Abdul Kader introduced him to Indian Independence Movement and he participated in Quit India Movement in 1942.

paragraph: In 1960, he joined as an editor of "Insaaf", a weekly of Muslim Dawoodi Bohra community which helped him stabilize financially. He was appointed by Sayyedna Taher Saifuddin, Dā'ī al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohra. After death of Sayyedna, the weekly stalled so he returned to freelance journalism. In 1964, he was infected with tuberculosis and was admitted to Sarvoday Hospital, Ghatkopar for two months with monetary help of his admirer Pravin Pandya. In 1965, a wealthy person who wanted be poet hired Mareez to write poems in his own pen name "Tabeeb". The book "Dard" was published in September 1966 causing uproar in literary circles and his admirers resulting in its withdrawn from the market.

paragraph: He confined himself to his home in last two years. He was knocked down by speeding auto rickshaw while crossing road just outside his home on 13 October 1983. He had multiple fractures in thigh. He was admitted to hospital in Ghatkopar, Mumbai and underwent successful surgery on 19 October 1983. He died on the same day following heart attack in the hospital. He was buried the next day at Kurla Dawoodi Bohra Kabrastan in Zarimari area.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: His pen name, "Mareez", literally mean "a sick man". He wrote some Nazm and many Gazals. In his financially difficult times, he sold his creation for which he was not credited. His first collection of Gazals, Nazm and Muktak; "Aagman" was published in 1975. He dedicated it to Pravin Pandya. His second collection "Nakshaa" was published posthumously in 1984. Some of his poetry is published in "Disha" (1980) along with others. His complete works, "Samagra Mareez", was published by his son in 2012. It was edited by Rajesh Vyas 'Miskin'. His religious poetry were published in religious and social magazines. Some of them were later anthologized in "Akidat" (1991) edited by his son Mohsin Vasi and poet Gulamabbas 'Nashad'.

paragraph: He also partially translated Urdu poetry, "Siqva Jawab E Siqva" by Iqbal in Gujarati. He had also written two books, "Mazloom-e-Karbala" and "Hurr" dedicated to Imam Hussain which are not available in publication.

paragraph: Raeesh Maniar published his biography titled "Mareez : Astitva Ane Vyaktitva". It was later adapted into play directed by Manoj Shah.

paragraph: Section::::Recognition.

paragraph: He was felicitated in 1970 and in 1981 by Mareez Sanman Samiti for his contributions. He was awarded Premanand Suvarna Chandrak posthumously in 1984.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He was introduced to Sona in the 1940s and they fell in love. They married in 1946. His son Mohsin born in 1947 and his daughter Lulua in 1952.

description: Indian poet

wikidata_label: Mareez

wikipedia_title: Mareez


text: Super GT

text: Hillsborough, County Down

text: Formula Palmer Audi

text: Formula Nippon

text: A1 Grand Prix

text: A1 Team Ireland

text: V8 Supercar

text: Triple Eight Race Engineering

text: Ford Falcon

text: 2007 Bathurst 1000

text: Jonathon Webb

text: Ford Performance Racing

text: Will Power

text: Gold Coast 600

text: Mark Winterbottom

categories: Formula Palmer Audi drivers,British Formula Renault 2.0 drivers,European Le Mans Series drivers,Super GT drivers,A1 Team Ireland drivers,Living people,McLaren Autosport BRDC Award nominees,1979 births,Racing drivers from Northern Ireland,Supercars Championship drivers,Formula Nippon drivers,International GT Open drivers,Asian Le Mans Series drivers,All-Japan Formula Three Championship drivers

paragraph: Richard Lyons (racing driver)

paragraph: Richard Lyons (born 8 August 1979) is a British motor racing driver currently competing in the Japanese Super GT series.

paragraph: Section::::Junior Formula.

paragraph: Born in Hillsborough, County Down, Lyons started in Formula Vauxhall Junior in Britain winning the Winter Series in 1996, before finishing the regular championship sixth in 1997 and second in 1998. He then moved to Formula Palmer Audi, finishing second in the 1999 Championship. He drove in Formula Renault 2000 with not much success.

paragraph: Section::::Formula Nippon / A1 Grand Prix.

paragraph: He drove Formula Nippon in Japan from 2001 to 2005 winning the Championship in 2004 and finishing third in 2005.

paragraph: He has also run in the A1 Grand Prix series for the A1 Team Ireland for the 2006–07 season. He started all up fourteen races with four top ten finishes.

paragraph: Section::::Japanese GT's.

paragraph: He drove GT and Sports Cars in Japan for nine years between 2002 and 2010. His best finish was in 2004 where he won the All-Japan GT Championship GT500 Championship. All in all he started over seventy races for ten wins in that period.

paragraph: For 2013 he is racing in an Audi R8 LMS in the Japanese GT300 SuperGT Championship.

paragraph: Section::::V8 Supercars.

paragraph: Lyons also made occasional appearances in V8 Supercar, with a best finish of fifth place sharing a Triple Eight Race Engineering Ford Falcon, in the 2007 Bathurst 1000, sharing the car with Australian-based Danish GT racer Allan Simonsen. He returned in 2011 and drove for Tekno Autosports sharing with Jonathon Webb at Phillip Island and Bathurst. Then he joined Ford Performance Racing to replace an injured Will Power at the 2011 Gold Coast 600, finishing the two races Third and First with Mark Winterbottom.

paragraph: Section::::Career Results.

paragraph: Section::::Career Results.:Complete JGTC/Super GT results.

paragraph: * Season still in progress.

paragraph: Section::::Career Results.:V8 Supercar results.

paragraph: † Not Eligible for points

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lyons secures second title. Retrieved BBC Sports Webpage

description: British racing driver

wikidata_label: Richard Lyons

wikipedia_title: Richard Lyons (racing driver)


text:
Indo-Scythian
Apraca
Bajaur
Pakistan
Apraca
Indravarman
Taxila
Vispavarma
Indravarman's Silver Reliquary
Indravarman's Silver Reliquary
Bajaur casket
Vispavarma
Gāndhārī
Kharoṣṭhī
Azes II
Athena
triratna
Joe Cribb
Sasan
Mujatria
Kushan
Vima Takto

categories: Indo-Scythian kings,1st-century monarchs in Asia,History of Pakistan

paragraph: Aspavarma

paragraph: Aspavarma (or Aspa) was an Indo-Scythian ruler of the clan of the Apraca, who ruled from around 15 to 45 CE. He ruled in the Bajaur area of modern Pakistan, and is considered one of the Apraca rulers. He is essentially known through his coins and a few inscription.

paragraph: Section::::Inscriptions.

paragraph: Asparvama was a son of Apraca king Indravarman, as known from an inscription discovered in Taxila, who himself is known to be the son of Vispavarma according to Indravarman's Silver Reliquary.

paragraph: Indravarman's Silver Reliquary, which is known for sure to be before the Bajaur casket, hence before 5-6 CE, and is therefore usually dated to the end of the 1st century BCE, describes Aspavarma's grandfather Vispavarma as a general, and not yet a king at that time. This tends to confirm that his grandson, Aspavarma, probably ruled quite some time later, in the middle of the 1st century CE.

paragraph: Aspavarman is also referenced in Gāndhārī texts, written in Kharoṣṭhī script, dating from the period.

paragraph: Section::::Coinage.

paragraph: The coinage shows the king on a horse, holding a whip in his right hand, in a style consistent with that of Azes II (who possibly is identical with Azes I). On the reverse, Athena makes a benediction gesture, and is flanked by a Buddhist triratna symbol.

paragraph: According to Joe Cribb, from a coinage standpoint, Aspavarma was contemporary to Sasan and Mujatria, just before the rule of Kushan ruler Vima Takto.

description: Indo-Scythian ruler

wikidata_label: Aspavarma

wikipedia_title: Aspavarma


text: martyr

text: Warrior Saint

text: Great-martyr

text: Eastern Orthodox Church

text: Eastern Catholic

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Oriental Orthodox Church

text: Theodore of Amasea

text: Euchaita

text: stratelates

text: Heraclea Pontica

text: Licinius

text: persecution of Christians

text: pagan

text: statues of the gods

text: Theodore of Amasea

text: Theodore of Amasea

text: Zemen Monastery

text: the section on St Theodore and Venice

text: St. Gregory of Nyssa

text: Basil of Caesarea

text: Catholicism

text: Eastern Orthodoxy

text: Oriental Orthodoxy

text: Lutheranism

text: Anglicanism

text: St. Theodore Tiron

text: Euchaita

text: Yeşilırmak River

text: Upper Egypt

text: Antioch

text: Christian

text: pagan

text: angel

text: Christ

text: Upper Egypt

text: Alexandria

text: Theodore of Amasea

text: Constantine

text: Egypt

text: Giza

text: Alexandria

text: Shatby

text: feast day

text: N.S.

text: Latin Rite

text: icon

text: Preslav Literary School

text: Preslav

text: Bulgaria

text: National Archaeological Museum

text: Sofia

text: Simeon I of Bulgaria

text: Theodore the Martyr

categories: Military saints,319 deaths,281 births,4th-century Christian martyrs,Saints from Roman Egypt,4th-century Romans

paragraph: Theodore Stratelates

paragraph: Theodore Stratelates (; ), also known as Theodore of Heraclea (), is a martyr and Warrior Saint venerated with the title Great-martyr in the Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Catholic and Roman Catholic Churches and Oriental Orthodox Churches .

paragraph: There is much confusion between him and St. Theodore of Amasea and they were in fact probably the same person, whose legends later diverged into two separate traditions.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Theodore came from the city of Euchaita in Asia Minor. He killed a giant serpent living on a precipice in the outskirts of Euchaita. The serpent had terrored the countryside. Theodore armed himself with a sword and vanquished it.

paragraph: According to some of the legends, because of his bravery, Theodore was appointed military-commander ("stratelates") in the city of Heraclea Pontica, during the time the emperor Licinius (307–324) began a fierce persecution of Christians. Theodore himself invited Licinius to Heraclea, having promised to offer a sacrifice to the pagan gods. He requested that all the gold and silver statues of the gods which they had in Heraclea be gathered up at his house. Theodore then smashed them into pieces which he then distributed to the poor.

paragraph: Theodore was arrested and subjected to torture and crucified. His servant Varos (also venerated as a saint), witnessed this and recorded it. In the morning the imperial soldiers found him alive and unharmed. Not wanting to flee a martyr's death, Theodore voluntarily gave himself over again into the hands of Licinius, and was beheaded by the sword. This occurred on 8 February 319, on a Saturday, at the third hour of the day. His "life" is listed in Bibliotecha Hagiographica Graeca 1750-1754

paragraph: Section::::The two St Theodores.

paragraph: Numerous conflicting legends grew up about the life and martyrdom of St Theodore of Amasea so that, in order to bring some consistency into the stories, it seems to have been assumed that there were two different saints, St Theodore Tiron of Amasea and St Theodore Stratelates of Heraclea. The earliest text referring to the two saints is the Laudatio of Niketas David of Paphlagonia in the 9th century. It was said that his Christianity led to many conversions in the Roman army, which was the reason that Licinius was so concerned. Christopher Walter treats at length of the relationship between these saints.

paragraph: It is suggested that Theodore Tiron as a recruit and ordinary foot soldier was viewed by the people of Byzantium as a patron of common soldiers and that the military aristocracy sought a patron of their own rank.

paragraph: Another possibility is that he was in fact originally derived from a third St Theodore called St Theodore Orientalis from Anatolia.

paragraph: In art both Theodore of Amasea and Theodore Stratelates are shown with thick black hair and pointed beards. In older works they were often distinguished by the beard having one point for Theodore Tiron of Amasea and two points for Stratelates as in the fresco from the Zemen Monastery below.

paragraph: There is much confusion between them and each of them is sometimes said to have had a shrine at Euchaita in Pontus. In fact the shrine existed before any distinction was made between the saints. The separate shrine of Stratelates was at Euchaneia (the modern Çorum in Turkey), a different place about 35 km west of Euchaita (the modern Avkhat).

paragraph: However, it is now generally accepted, at least in the west, that there was in fact only one St Theodore. Delehaye wrote in 1909 that the existence of the second Theodore had not been historically established, while Walter in 2003 wrote that "the Stratelates is surely a fiction".

paragraph: The patron saint of Venice before the relics of St Mark were (according to tradition) brought to the city in 828 was St Theodore and the Doge's original chapel was dedicated to that saint, though, after the translation of the relics, it was superseded as his chapel by the church of St Mark. This may be either St Theodore of Amasea or St Theodore Stratelates, but the Venetians do not seem to have distinguished between them. See the section on St Theodore and Venice in the article on Theodore of Amasea.

paragraph: Section::::The two St Theodores.:Byzantine Perspective.

paragraph: St. Gregory of Nyssa, brother of St. Basil the Great (also known as Basil of Caesarea), who is venerated as a saint in Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Lutheranism and Anglicanism, held a different opinion. This is because, although the two Theodores were born in close territories and martyred in parallel, their names were involved in the confusion between two pilgrimage sites. St. Theodore Stratelates was from Euchaneia while St. Theodore Tiron (Ἅγιος Θεόδωρος ὁ Τήρων) was from Euchaita (territories close to each other). Usually mostly western researchers by mistake interpret the lack of reference to two Theodores in the valley of Irida (or Iris) in Yeşilırmak River (up to the 9th century, which was the date that their names were established) as proof that they both were one and the same person. Unfortunately this is not the case since, in fact, each of the saints had his own pilgrimage site. What causes western researchers to get confused is at that time (9th century) the pilgrimage site of Euchaita had declined but that of Euchaneia was starting to flourish.. Also, Avgaros or Uarus (Greek: Αὔγαρος or Οὔαρος) the personal secretary of St. Theodore Stratelates wrote his biography, which clearly differs from the one St. Gregory of Nyssa wrote for St. Theodore Tiron.

paragraph: Section::::The two St Theodores.:Coptic Perspective.

paragraph: St Theodore is known in Egypt as Saint Theodore of Shotep, Saint Tadros of Shotep or Prince Theodore (; ). He was born to a soldier in the Roman army named John who was Egyptian from the city of Shateb in Upper Egypt. His mother Oussawaia was a prince's daughter. John married her when he went to Antioch to fight against the Persians.

paragraph: When his wife learned that he was a Christian she attempted to make him deny his faith and become a pagan. When John refused, she drove him out of the house. Later, an angel appeared to John and assured him in regards to Theodore, saying that he would be the reason for the faith of many people in Christ. John rejoiced at what he heard and decided to return to his home in Upper Egypt.

paragraph: The days passed and he grew and was awarded the title of prince because his grandfather was a prince and his mother as well as and his father's high position in the army, his mother sent him to the army to become a soldier, and over the years he became a famous soldier for his courage and skill, and through his friends he knew that his father was a Christian, so he returned to his mother and told her what he had heard, and was angry because she lied to him that his father died in the war.

paragraph: Here he decided to become a Christian, he went to the priest called Olgianus and asked to rely on the name of Christ. A priest taught him the foundations of Christian faith. Over time he became a brilliant military commander and when Diocletian heard about him, he appointed him a commander over five hundred knights, and called him, Prince Theodore The Esphehlar (brave Commander).

paragraph: Life continued and someday saint wanted to meet his father and took a search to know his father's home and decided to go to and met him, he traveled to Alexandria and from there to Shotep, he went to the church of the city and prayed, and then asked about a person named John, and people told him his place and his severe illness, he went to John house and met him. John was very glad to meet him and thank God for achieving his request and talked together.

paragraph: Five days later, John died, Prince Theodore and people buried him, and offered consolation to Theodore. He told them that when he die they must bury him next to his father John.

paragraph: A war was fought between the Persians and the Romans, and the emperor called him to go to Antioch for war so prince left the village and traveled to Antioch and meet St Theodore of Amasea here the story is similar to the above mentioned.

paragraph: Many churches have been built on his name since the time of Emperor Constantine, and he currently has many churches named after him throughout Egypt, and for the great fame of the saint in Egypt, including an archaeological monastery in his name in Madinet Al Hawamdeyah, Giza. It is said that the body is there after he was attended by his mother when he became a Christian in the reign of Emperor Constantine, an area in Alexandria was named by that name the region became known as Alexandria "Shatby" attributed to him.

paragraph: Section::::Commemoration.

paragraph: His annual feast day is commemorated on 8 February (21 February N.S.); 7 February in the Latin Rite though this is no longer liturgically celebrated in the Roman Catholic church

paragraph: One of the few ceramic icons in existence, dated to c. 900, shows St. Theodore. It was made by the Preslav Literary School and was found 1909 near Preslav, Bulgaria (now National Archaeological Museum, Sofia).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simeon I of Bulgaria

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodore the Martyr

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Book of Saints, The "A dictionary of servants of God canonised by the Catholic church" compiled by the Benedictine monks of St Augustine's Abbey, Ramsgate (6th edition, revised & rest, 1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Butler's Lives of the Saints (originally compiled by the Revd Alban Butler 1756/59)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Delaney, John J: Dictionary of Saints (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Delehaye, Hippolyte: Les Legendes Grecques des Saints Militaires (Paris.1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Demus, Otto: The Church of San Marco in Venice (Washington 1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Demus, Otto: The Mosaics of San Marco in Venice (4 volumes) 1 The Eleventh & Twelfth Centuries - Text (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Farmer, David: The Oxford Dictionary of Saints (4th edition, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grotowski, Piotr: Arms and Armour of the Warrior Saints: Tradition and Innovation in Byzantine Iconography (843–1261) (Leiden 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Oxford Companion to the Year (by Bonnie Blackburn & Leofranc Holford-Stevens) (Oxford 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walter, Christopher: The Warrior Saints in Byzantine Art and Tradition (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oikonomidès, N.: Le dédoublement de saint Théodore et les villes d΄ `Euhaïta et d΄ `Euchaneia, Analecta Bollandiana 104 (1986) p. 327-335.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Συναξάριον, Σάββατον Α' Εβδομάδος, ΤΡΙΩΔΙΟΝ ΚΑΤΑΝΥΚΤΙΚΟΝ της Αγίας και Μεγάλης ΤΕΣΣΑΡΑΚΟΣΤΗΣ, εκδόσεις ΦΩΣ, ΑΘΗΝΑ

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lives of all saints commemorated on February 8 at Orthodox Church in America

description: Eastern Orthodox saint

wikidata_label: Theodore Stratelates

wikipedia_title: Theodore Stratelates


text: Radical

text: common ownership

text: High Holborn

text: Newgate Gaol

text: libel

text: enclosure

text: common land

text: Town Moor in Newcastle

text: the land question

text: nationalization

text: parish

text: Charles Hall

text: publicly owned

text: social dividend

text: Universal suffrage

text: female suffrage

text: pamphlet

text: Property in Land Every One's Right

text: Henry Hyndman

text: Utopia

text: Spensonia

text: Marsden Grotto

text: the first English dictionary

text: The Rights of Infants

text: Thomas Paine

text: unconditional basic income

text: socialization

text: Mary Wollstonecraft

text: Vindication of the Rights of Woman

text: Kensal Green Cemetery

text: London

text: Harriet Martineau

text: African Caribbean

text: William Davidson

text: Robert Wedderburn

text: Arthur Thistlewood

text: Cato Street Conspiracy

text: Georgism

text: Rights of Man

text: Armstrong, Keith

text: Breviary Stuff Publications

text: Breviary Stuff Publications

text: The Thomas Spence Society

text: "The Real Rights of Man", 1775.

text: Complete Works of Thomas Spence

categories: English suffragists,English pamphlet writers,English political writers,British classical liberals,Basic income proponents,1750 births,1814 deaths,People from Newcastle upon Tyne

paragraph: Thomas Spence

paragraph: Thomas Spence (21 June Old Style/ 2 July New Style, 1750 – 8 September 1814) was an English Radical and advocate of the common ownership of land. Spence was one of the leading revolutionaries of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. He was born in poverty and died the same way, after long periods of imprisonment, in 1814.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Spence left Newcastle for London in 1787. He kept a book-stall in High Holborn. In 1794 he spent seven months in Newgate Gaol on a charge of high treason, and in 1801 he was sentenced to twelve months' imprisonment for seditious libel. He died in London on 8 September 1814.

paragraph: Section::::Land reform and Spence's Plan.

paragraph: The threatened enclosure of the common land known as Town Moor in Newcastle in 1771 appears to have been key to Spence's interest in the land question and journey towards ultra-radicalism. His scheme was not for land nationalization but for the establishment of self-contained parochial communities, in which rent paid to the parish (wherein the absolute ownership of the land was vested) should be the only tax of any kind. His ideas and thinking on the subject were shaped by a variety of economic thinkers, including his friend Charles Hall.

paragraph: At the centre of Spence's work was his plan, which argued for:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. The end of aristocracy and landlords;

paragraph: BULLET::::2. All land should be publicly owned by 'democratic parishes', which should be largely self-governing;

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Rents of land in parishes to be shared equally amongst parishioners, as a form of social dividend;

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Universal suffrage (including female suffrage) at both parish level and through a system of deputies elected by parishes to a national senate;

paragraph: BULLET::::5. A 'social guarantee' extended to provide income for those unable to work;

paragraph: BULLET::::6. The 'rights of infants' [children] to be free from abuse and poverty.

paragraph: Spence's Plan was first published in his penny pamphlet Property in Land Every One's Right in 1775. It was re-issued as "The Real Rights of Man" in later editions. It was also reissued by, amongst others, Henry Hyndman under the title of The Nationalization of the Land in 1795 and 1882.

paragraph: Spence explored his political and social concepts in a series of books about the fictional Utopian state of Spensonia.

paragraph: Section::::The phrase "rights of man".

paragraph: Spence may have been the first Englishman to speak of 'the rights of man'. The following recollection, composed in the third person, was written by Spence while he was in prison in London in 1794 on a charge of high treason. Spence was, he wrote,

paragraph: This is in reference to the story of "Jack the Blaster" at Marsden Grotto.

paragraph: Section::::Spelling reform.

paragraph: Spence was a self-taught radical with a deep regard for education as a means to liberation. He pioneered a phonetic script and pronunciation system designed to allow people to learn reading and pronunciation at the same time. He believed that if the correct pronunciation was visible in the spelling, everyone would pronounce English correctly, and the class distinctions carried by language would cease. This would bring a time of equality, peace and plenty: the millennium. He published the first English dictionary with pronunciations (1775) and made phonetic versions of many of his pamphlets.

paragraph: Examples of Spence's spelling system can be seen on the pages on English from the Spence Society.

paragraph: Section::::The rights of children.

paragraph: Spence's angry defence of the rights of children has lost little of its potency. When his The Rights of Infants was published in 1797 (as a response to Thomas Paine's "Agrarian Justice") it was ahead of its time. In this essay Spence proposes the introduction of an unconditional basic income to all members of the community. Such allowance shall be financed through the socialization of land and the benefits of the rents received by each municipality.

paragraph: Spence's essay also expresses a clear commitment to the rights of women, although he appears unaware of Mary Wollstonecraft's 1792 "Vindication of the Rights of Woman".

paragraph: Section::::Memorial and legacy.

paragraph: Spence is listed on the Reformers Memorial in Kensal Green Cemetery in London.

paragraph: His admirers formed a "Society of Spencean Philanthropists," of which some account is given in Harriet Martineau's "England During the Thirty Years' Peace". The African Caribbean activists William Davidson and Robert Wedderburn were drawn to this political group. The Society of Spencean Philanthropists (including Arthur Thistlewood) were involved in the Cato Street Conspiracy of 1820.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Real Rights of Man" (1793)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "End of Oppression" (1795)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rights of Infants" (1796)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Constitution of Spensonia" (1801)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Important Trial of Thomas Spence" (1807)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georgism, an economic philosophy holding that economic value derived from land should belong equally to all members of society.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rights of Man

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bonnett, Alastair (2007) The Other Rights of Man: The Revolutionary Plan of Thomas Spence. "History Today" 57(9):42–48.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bonnett, Alastair & Armstrong, Keith (eds.), Thomas Spence: "The Poor Man's Revolutionary". Breviary Stuff Publications, 2014. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malcolm Chase, The People's Farm, "English Radical Agrarianism 1775–1840" Breviary Stuff Publications, 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- O. Rudkin, Thomas Spence and His Connections (1927).

paragraph: BULLET::::- T. M. Parssinen, "Thomas Spence and the Spenceans: a Study of Revolutionary Utopianism in the England of George III" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Brandeis University, 1968).

paragraph: BULLET::::- T. M. Parssinen, "The Revolutionary Party in London, 1816–20", "Historical Research" 45 (2007) 266–282

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Thomas Spence Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Spence, "The Real Rights of Man", 1775.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Complete Works of Thomas Spence at marxists.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. Beer, ed., "The Pioneers of Land Reform: Thomas Spence, William Ogilvie, Thomas Paine", 1920.

description: British pamphlet writer

wikidata_label: Thomas Spence

wikipedia_title: Thomas Spence


text:
Swiss
curator
artist
art historian
Bern
Switzerland
archaeology
journalism
Paris
one-man show
Ingeborg Lüscher
Ticino
Kunsthalle Bern
Hans Prinzhorn
Christo and Jeanne-Claude
Tegna
Gastarbeit
documenta 5
Kassel
Armand Schulthess
Jürgen Brodwolf
Michael Buthe
James Lee Byars
La Monte Young
Etienne Martin
Panamarenko
Paul Thek
Marian Zazeela
Horst Gläsker
Heather Sheehan
Venice Biennale
Achille Bonito Oliva
documenta
Okwui Enwezor
Kunsthaus Zürich
Deichtorhallen
three-dimensional reconstruction
Kurt Schwitters
Sprengel Museum
Hanover
the Getty Research Institute
The Harald Szeemann Archive and Library
Monte Verità
Gesamtkunstwerk
Wagner
JRP-Ringier
Elsa Longhauser

categories: 1933 births,Art curators,Swiss art historians,2005 deaths,Members of the Academy of the Arts, Berlin,Swiss curators,People from Bern

paragraph: Harald Szeemann

paragraph: Harald Szeemann (11 June 1933 – 18 February 2005) was a Swiss curator, artist, and art historian. Having curated more than 200 exhibitions, many of which have been characterized as groundbreaking, Szeemann is said to have helped redefine the role of an art curator.

paragraph: It is believed that Szeemann elevated curating to a legitimate art-form itself.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Szeemann was born in Bern, Switzerland on June 11, 1933. He studied art history, archaeology and journalism in Bern and at the Sorbonne in Paris from 1953–60, and in 1956 to 1958 he began working as an actor, stage designer and painter, and produced many one-man shows. In 1958 he was married to Francoise Bonnefoy and in 1959 their son Jerome Patrice was born. In 1964 his daughter Valerie Claude was born. He was twice married, the second time to artist Ingeborg Lüscher. Their daughter is Una Szeemann. Szeemann was hospitalized for pleural cancer in Locarno, Switzerland and died in 2005 at the age of 71 in the Ticino region.

paragraph: Section::::Curatorial career.

paragraph: Szeemann began organizing exhibitions in Switzerland in 1957, and in 1961 he was appointed as director of the Kunsthalle Bern at the age of 28. Despite being a somewhat "provincial institution" at the time Szeemann managed to open a new exhibition every month, often with young and promising artists.

paragraph: There he organised an exhibition of works by the "mentally ill" from the collection of the art historian and psychiatrist Hans Prinzhorn in 1963, and in 1968 gave Christo and Jeanne-Claude their first opportunity to wrap an entire building: the Kunsthalle itself. The Kunsthalle Bern is also where Szeemann mounted his "radical" landmark 1969 exhibition "Live in Your Head: When Attitudes Become Form" which caused such a reaction that it prompted his resignation as Kunsthalle director.

paragraph: For decades Szeemann worked out of a studio, which he referred to as "The Factory," in the Swiss village Tegna, where he conceived international exhibitions and experimented with traditional museological practices. After leaving the Kunsthalle he founded the "Museum of Obsessions" and the "Agentur für Geistige Gastarbeit" ("Agency for Spiritual Migrant Work"). In 1972 he was the youngest artistic director at documenta 5 in Kassel. He revolutionised the concept: conceived as a hundred-day event, he invited the artists to present not only paintings and sculptures, but also performances and "happenings" as well as photography. The show had various sections named "Artist's Museum" or "Individual Mythologies". In an interview in June 2001, he explained: "All the former Documentas followed the old-hat, thesis/antithesis dialectic: Constructivism/Surrealism, Pop/Minimalism, Realism/Concept. That’s why I invented the term, 'individual mythologies'—not a style, but a human right. An artist could be a geometric painter or a gestural artist; each can live his or her own mythology. Style is no longer the important issue." Artists of "individual mythology" are among others Armand Schulthess, Jürgen Brodwolf, Michael Buthe, James Lee Byars, the musician La Monte Young, Etienne Martin, Panamarenko, Paul Thek, Marian Zazeela, Horst Gläsker or Heather Sheehan.

paragraph: For the 1980 Venice Biennale, he and Achille Bonito Oliva co-created the "Aperto", a new section in the Biennale for young artists. He was later selected as the Biennale director for both 1999 and 2001. This marked him as the first to curate both documenta and the Biennale. Until 2014, he was the only curator who had this distinction, which since the 2015 Venice Biennale is now shared with Okwui Enwezor.

paragraph: From 1981 to 1991, Szeemann was a "permanent freelance curator" at the Kunsthaus Zürich. During this time, he also curated for other institutions including the Deichtorhallen Hamburg for its inaugural exhibition "Einleuchten: Will, Vorstel Und Simul In HH." In 1982 he commissioned a three-dimensional reconstruction of Kurt Schwitters's "Hannover Merzbau" (as photographed in 1933) for the exhibition "Der Hang zum Gesamtkunstwerk" in Zürich the following year. It was built by the Swiss stage designer Peter Bissegger and is now on permanent display in the Sprengel Museum in Hanover.

paragraph: Section::::Early Exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 03.08 – 20.10

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malende Dichter – Dichtende Maler

paragraph: BULLET::::- 24.09 – 27.09

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kleintheater Kramgasse 6, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugo Ball (1886-1927): Manusckripte, Photographien, Bücher

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Bern – Zürich: 4.11.1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Club Bel Etage, Zürich

paragraph: BULLET::::- 08.07 -03.09

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthalle, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Otto Tschumi

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Bern – Glarus)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthaus, Glarus

paragraph: BULLET::::- 02.09 – 24. 09

paragraph: BULLET::::- Städtische Galerie, Biel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buri, Gürtler, Iseli, Luginbühl, Meister, Spescha, Schaffner

paragraph: BULLET::::- 09.09 -15.10

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthalle, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans Aeschbacher: Skulpturen und Zeichnungen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 21.10 – 26.11

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthalle, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prähistorisch Felsbilder der Sahara: Expedition Henri Lhote im Gebiet Tassili-n-Ajjer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 17.02-11.03

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthalle, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Puppen-Marionetten-Schattenspiel: Asiatica und Experimente

paragraph: BULLET::::- 17.03-23.04

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthalle, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Lapicque

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Bern-München-Grenoble-Le Havre)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Städtisch Galeri im Lenbachhau, München/ Musée de Peinture et de Sculpture, Grenoble/Maison de la Culture, Le Havre

paragraph: BULLET::::- 28.04-27.05

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthalle, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lenz Klotz, Friedrich Kuhn, Bruno Müller, Matias Spescha

paragraph: BULLET::::- 02.06-01.07

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthalle, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walter Kurt Wiemken

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Bern – St Gallen)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunstmuseum St Gallen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 07.07-02.09

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthalle, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francis Picabia (1879-1953): Werke von 1909 bis 1924

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Marseille-Bern)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4 Amerikaner: Jasper Johns, Alfred Leslie, Robert Raushenber,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Stankiewicz

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Stockholm-Amsterdam-Bern)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moderna Museet, Stockholm/Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam

paragraph: BULLET::::- 13.10-25.11

paragraph: BULLET::::- Städtische Galerie, Biel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harry Kramer: Automobile Skulpturen-Marionetten-Filme

paragraph: BULLET::::- 20.10-25.11

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthalle, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunst aus Tibet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 16.02-24.03

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthalle, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Auguste Herbin (1882-1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Bern-Amsterdam)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stedlijk Museum, Amsterdam

paragraph: BULLET::::- 20.04-19.05

paragraph: BULLET::::- Städtische Galerie, Biel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Englebert van Anderlecht, Bram Bogart

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Bern-Bruxelles)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Palais des Beaux-Arts, Bruxelles

paragraph: BULLET::::- 04.05-03.06

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthalle, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alan Davie

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Baden-Baden – Bern – Darmstadt – London – Amsterdam)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Staatliche Kunsthalle, Baden-Baden

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piotr Kowalski

paragraph: BULLET::::- 12.07-18.08

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthalle, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Scott

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Bern-Belfast)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ulster Museum, Belfast

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victor Pasmore

paragraph: BULLET::::- 18.08-15.09

paragraph: BULLET::::- Städtische Galerie, Biel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinz-Peter Kohler, Gregory Masurovsky

paragraph: BULLET::::- 24.08-15.09

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthalle, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bildnerei der Geisteskranken-Art Brut- Insania pingens

paragraph: BULLET::::- 21.09-27.10

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthalle, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Moillet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 02.11-01.12

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthalle, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Etienne-Martin

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Bern-Amsterdam – Eindhoven)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam/Stedelijk van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven

paragraph: Section::::Major Exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Happening and Fluxus (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Documenta 5 (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Der Hang zum Gesamtkunstwerk (1983)

paragraph: Section::::Live in Your Head: When Attitudes Become Form.

paragraph: was a landmark show for Post-Minimalist American artists in 1969 at the Kunsthalle Bern.

paragraph: Following the opening of the exhibition "12 Environments" in the summer of 1968, which featured the works of Andy Warhol, Martial Raysse, Soto, Jean Schnyder, Kowalski, and Christo, Harald Szeemann was asked to do a show of his own. Representatives of Philip Morris, American Tobacco Company, and Rudder and Finn, Public Relations Firm, visited Szemmann in Bern to recruit his expertise for a project. This project would entail substantial funding, with the additional benefit of collaborating with the Stedelijk (sponsored by the Holland American Line), and complete artistic freedom.

paragraph: This was an entirely new opportunity for Szeemann therefore he accepted the sponsored proposal. The project was initially conceived whenever Szeemann, with the Director of the Stedelijk named de Wilde, traveled through Switzerland and Holland to select the works of younger artists for national shows. When visiting the studio of a Dutch painter, Reinier Lucassen, Szeemann was immediately impressed with the work of the painter's assistant Jan Dibbets. Jan greeted Szeemann from behind two tables; one of which had neon light coming out of the surface and the other one was covered in grass which he watered. Szeemann was thereafter inspired to focus the upcoming exhibition on behaviors and gestures.

paragraph: Shortly after the conception the show developed quickly. A published diary of Attitudes details trips, studio visits, and installation. The show became a dialog of how works could either assume material form or remain immaterial, documenting an important revelatory concept in the history of art. This show was a moment of intensity and freedom in which a work could be produced or imagined, according to Lawrence Weiner. 69 Artists, Europeans and Americans controlled the Kunsthalle. For example, Robert Barry irradiated the roof; Richard Long did a walk in the mountains; Mario Merz made among his first igloos; Michael Heizer "opened" the sidewalk; Walter de Maria produced his telephone piece; Richard Serra showed lead sculptures, the belt piece, and splash piece; Weiner took a square meter out of the wall; Beuys made a grease sculpture. The Kunsthalle Bern became a laboratory of exhibiting "organized chaos".

paragraph: Following When Attitudes Become Form and the following exhibition Friends and their Friends a scandal was provoked in Bern. Szeemann believed to be showing artwork contrary to the opinions of critics and the public. The city government and parliament eventually became involved in the issue. It was decided that Szeemann's directorship was "destructive to humankind". As well the exhibition committee, largely composed of local artists, decided they would dictate the programming and rejected shows proposed by Szeeman they had previously agreed to, including the solo show of Beuys. Thereafter Szeemann, tired of this open war, decided to resign and become a freelance curator and operated under his newly founded Agency for Spiritual Guest Work.

paragraph: Section::::1997 Lyon Biennial L'autre (the Other).

paragraph: Originating in 1991, the city of Lyon's Musee d'art Contemporain co-directors, Thierry Raspail and Thierry Prat, has hosted a biennial art exhibition, which generally has garnered little attention to international audiences. Each biennial has a specific theme and guest curator who determines the components of the exhibition. The choice for the Fourth Biennial, in 1997, was Harald Szeemann. The co-directors chosen theme for the exhibition was derived from the post-structuralist term L'autre, the other. L'autre was held at L'Halle Tony Garnier in the outskirts of Lyon. The structure from the 1920s is an example of extraordinary engineering of the era. The large scale of the space made it suitable for showing large-scale works such as by Richard Serra or Serge Spitzer, which would otherwise be excluded from such exhibitions in conventional spaces.

paragraph: Szeemann's choices were eclectic but consistently focused on the subject of contemporary artists' personal mythologies. Large-scale sculptures by artists as: Bruce Nauman, Louise Bourgeois, Joseph Beuys, Richard Serra, Chris Burden, Jessica Stockholder, Hanne Darboven, and Ute Schroder were viewed in relation to video installations by: Gary Hill, Mariko Mori, Zhang Peill, Paul McCarthy, and Igor and Svetlana Kopystiansky. There were "physical/ ephemeral" pieces by younger artists, such as Jason Rhoades and Richard Jackson, and the famous large-scale black rats by Katharina Fritsch, which were shown earlier at the Dia Center for the Arts in New York.

paragraph: Szeemann included a historical section with bronze cast self-portraits of the eighteenth-century artist Frances Xavier Messerschmidt, an ancestral figure to contemporary performance art. Szeemann mounted the bronze heads in a circular arrangement, thereby asserting their relationship to closely placed works by the Austrian Actionists of the 1960s. Surrounding the Messerschmidts were photographs, drawings, and relics by artists as Rudolph Schwarzkogler, Hermann Nitsch, Otto Muhl, Gunther Brus, and Arnulf Rainer. Another portion of the "historical" section was an entry in the exhibition catalog by the French art historian and curator Jean Clair.

paragraph: An apparent theme intended by Szeemann in L'Autre was to position artists at the end of modernism within the context of a "self-historifying mythos". The diversity of works chosen for the Fourth Biennial reflected the constant edge of what was modernism, also what is perceived at its boundaries.

paragraph: Section::::Visual Arts Director of 1999/2001 Venice Biennale.

paragraph: At the time of Szeemann's appointment the Venice Biennale was no longer a state-run enterprise but has become a foundation. The representation of 15 has been reduced to five people; one representing the city, another the region, another the province, another the National Government, and lastly an unaffiliated third party.

paragraph: Paolo Baratta named directors for the different sections of film, architecture, theater, music, dance, and also visual arts, Szeemann's area of appointment. Szeemann was appointed the Visual Arts Director, succeeding his predecessor Jean Clair, with only five months to prepare for the 1999 Venice Biennale but with the expectation that he would also direct the following show in 2001. A contingency of this appointment was that he would be able to bring his own people with him as well as have more flexibility with the structure of the Biennale. In addition to the regular crew he uses for installation he brought with him Agnes Kohlmeyer to help with the show and Cecilia Liveriero to work on the catalog. Szeemann was responsible for organizing the international exhibition in the Giardini and Arsenale, to give recommendations for the exhibitions a latere, for contributions outside the pavilions and in the city, to keep contact with the commissioners of the national pavilions, and the like.

paragraph: With the last two Biennales as example, under the directorships of Jean Clair and Germano Celant, Szeemann determined that the international exhibition and national pavilions should be dedicated to young artists and he informed this to all participating countries. As a result of many countries' selection systems this came as late news, but for a few others who were more unencumbered to react this was not problematic. Szeemann decided that the international exhibition and Aperto, created by Szeemann in 1980, would be combined and artists would no longer be divided by age. As well there would be an emphasis on the representation of female artists and their contributions to contest their past roles, with such artists as Rosemarie Trockel from Germany and Ann Hamilton from the USA. Changing the inner structure of the Biennale, breaking up the divisions, and expanding the space were among Szeemann's contributions.

paragraph: Szeemann was largely concerned with traditional structure of the Biennale and believed the treatment of artists during installation required improvement. Another result of Szeemann's acceptance was fair representation for Italian artists. The Italian Pavilion, a sequence of rooms displaying Italian art, was kept in a ghetto and inadequate in comparison to other national pavilions. Another concern was from a resulting breakup of the Soviet Union and the history of conflict in Yugoslavia had created many issues, Macedonia renounced its participation and Yugoslavia was an unknown, in addition to the growing number of countries which demanded a presence in the Biennale.

paragraph: Section::::Other work.

paragraph: Juries for art awards

paragraph: 2000: Contemporary Chinese Art Award

paragraph: 2002: The Walters Prize

paragraph: 2002: The Vincent Award

paragraph: Memberships and Boards

paragraph: 1961-2005: Collège de 'Pataphysique' (artist group)

paragraph: 1967-?: Founding member, International Association of Curators of

paragraph: Contemporary Art (IKT)

paragraph: 1996: Szeemann played a key role in shaping the architecture faculty at the Università della Svizzera italiana, the first university in Italian Switzerland, for the first six years after its founding.

paragraph: 1997-2005: Department of Visual Arts, Akademie der Künste, Berlin, Germany

paragraph: Section::::Awards Received.

paragraph: 1998: Award for Curatorial Excellence, Center for Curatorial Studies, Bard College

paragraph: 2000: Max Beckmann Prize

paragraph: 2005: Das Glas der Vernunft

paragraph: 2005: Awarded a "Special Gold Lion" at the Biennale in Venice

paragraph: Section::::Archive and Library.

paragraph: Throughout Szeemann's life he had collected all documentation related to his work and life. The end result was his personal archive, consisting of books about art, artists, art-theory, exhibitions, curation, and the like. It also included anything acting as correspondence: letters and messages which were traded with artists, curators, sponsors, and any other relevant stakeholder. H This archive also encompassed articles akin to formal records, documentation, or notation which had been collected during Szeemann's various endeavors. Anything of any bearing with his various professional projects and curatorial plans had been collected and documented and curated.

paragraph: Harald Szeemann died in 2005, leaving behind his vast collection to an unknown beneficiary, until, in June 2011, the Getty Research Institute publicized purchase of The Harald Szeemann Archive and Library, probably one of the most important research collections for Western and Modern and Contemporary Art. Szeemann had devoted himself to his archive and library and resultingly it contains thousands of documents related to his practice as an art historian, art critic and curator which continue to be studied today. At the time, it was the largest acquisition in the Getty Research Institute's history.

paragraph: This collection encompasses of over 1,000 boxes of research. It consists of:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Correspondence with individual artists, such as those frequently exchanged such as: Bruce Nauman, Richard Serra, Cy Twombly, and Christo and Jeanne-Claude.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The library portion consists of approximately 28,000 volumes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The archive also includes about 36,000 photographs and drawings as well as other materials Szeemann assembled through organizing and exhibition over 200 exhibitions.

paragraph: Section::::Notability.

paragraph: Szeemann invented the modern-day "Großausstellung" ("great exhibition"), in which the artworks are tied to a central concept and are assembled into new and often surprising interrelationships. His over 200 exhibitions were distinguished by a great abundance of material and a broad range of themes. Important reference points were subversiveness, alternative lifestyles (for example Monte Verità), and the "Gesamtkunstwerk" ("total artwork", Wagner's concept of a work which spans all the arts, to which his own exhibitions were also indebted).

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans-Joachim Muller, "Harald Szeeman: Exhibition Maker", , 2006,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tobia Bezzola, Roman Kurzmeyer, "Harald Szeemann: With, by, through, because, towards, despite", Springer Architecture, Vienna, 2007,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Florence Derieux, "Harald Szeemann: Individual Methodology", JRP-Ringier, Zurich, 2008,

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Klaus Albrecht and Harald Szeemann, "Egon Schiele and His Contemporaries: Austrian Painting and Drawing from 1900 to 1930 from the Leopold Collection, Vienna", Vienna, Munich: Prestel, 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elsa Longhauser and Harald Szeemann, eds., "Self-Taught Artists of the Twentieth Century: An American Anthology" (Chronicle Books 1998).

alias:
Harold Szeemann
Harald Szeeman
Harold Szeeman
Haral Szeemann

description: Swiss art historian

wikidata_label: Harald Szeemann

wikipedia_title: Harald Szeemann


text: portrait painter

text: Royal Scottish Academy

text: Edinburgh

text: Berwick

text: Royal Engineers

text: George Watson

text: Sir Henry Raeburn

text: The Lay of the Last Minstrel

text: Sir Walter Scott

text: JG Lockhart

text: Sir Archibald Alison

text: Dr Chalmers

text: De Quincey

text: Sir David Brewster

text: 1st Marquess of Dalhousie

text: Sir Alexander Hope

text: Lord President Hope

text: Dr Lee

text: David Cox

text: General Sir Thomas Macdougall Brisbane

text: the Prince of Wales

text: Lord Macaulay

text: Lord Murray

text: Lord Cockburn

text: Lord Rutherfurd

text: John Shaw-Lefevre

text: John Shaw-Lefevre

text: limner for Scotland to the queen

text: Canongate Kirkyard

text: Royal Mile

text: Edinburgh

text: Thieme-Becker

text: Sir John Watson-Gordon

text: John Watson Gordononline

categories: 19th-century Scottish painters,1864 deaths,Scottish male painters,Alumni of the Edinburgh College of Art,People from Edinburgh,Scottish portrait painters,1788 births,Royal Scottish Academicians,Burials at the Kirk of the Canongate

paragraph: John Watson Gordon

paragraph: Sir John Watson Gordon (1788 – 1 June 1864) was a Scottish portrait painter and president of the Royal Scottish Academy.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Gordon was born John Watson in Edinburgh, the eldest son of Captain Watson, R.N., a cadet of the family of Watson of Overmains, in the county of Berwick. He was educated specifically to prepare him for enrolling in the Royal Engineers. He entered as a student in the government school of design, under the management of the Board of Manufactures. he showed a natural aptitude for art, and his father was persuaded to allow him to adopt it as his profession. Captain Watson was himself a skilful draughtsman, and his brother George Watson, afterwards president of the Royal Scottish Academy, was a highly respected portrait painter, second only to Sir Henry Raeburn, who was a friend of the family.

paragraph: In 1808 Gordon exhibited a picture "The Lay of the Last Minstrel" at the Lyceum in Nicolson Street, Edinburgh – the first public exhibition of paintings in that city – and continued for some years to exhibit fancy subjects; but, although freely and sweetly painted, they were altogether without the force and character which stamped his portrait pictures as the works of a master. After the death of Sir Henry Raeburn in 1823 he succeeded to much of his practice. He assumed the name of Gordon in 1826.

paragraph: One of the earliest of his famous sitters was Sir Walter Scott, who sat for a first portrait in 1820. Then came JG Lockhart in 1821; Professor Wilson, 1822 and 1850, two portraits; Sir Archibald Alison, 1839; Dr Chalmers, 1844; a little later De Quincey, and Sir David Brewster, 1864. Among his most important works may be mentioned the 1st Marquess of Dalhousie; Sir Alexander Hope (1835); Lord President Hope; and Dr Chalmers. These, unlike his later works, are generally rich in colour. The full-length of Dr Alexander Brunton (1844), and Dr Lee, the principal of the university (1846), mark a modification of his style, which ultimately resolved itself into extreme simplicity, both of colour and treatment.

paragraph: During the last twenty years of his life he painted many distinguished Englishmen who came to Edinburgh to sit to him. And it is significant that David Cox, the landscape painter, on being presented with his portrait, subscribed for by many friends, chose to go to Edinburgh to have it executed by Watson Gordon, although he neither knew the painter personally nor had ever before visited the country. Among the portraits painted during this period, in what may be termed his third style, are De Quincey; General Sir Thomas Macdougall Brisbane; the Prince of Wales, Lord Macaulay, Sir M. Packington, Lord Murray, Lord Cockburn, Lord Rutherfurd and Sir John Shaw-Lefevre.

paragraph: These latter pictures are mostly clear and grey, sometimes showing little or no positive colour, the flesh itself being very grey, and the handling extremely masterly, though never obtruding its cleverness. He was very successful in rendering acute observant character. A good example of his last style, showing pearly flesh-painting freely handled, yet highly finished, is his head of Sir John Shaw-Lefevre.

paragraph: Gordon was one of the earlier members of the Royal Scottish Academy, and was elected its president in 1850; he was at the same time appointed limner for Scotland to the queen, and received the honour of knighthood. Since 1841 he had been an associate of the Royal Academy, and in 1851 he was elected a royal academician.

paragraph: He is buried in the eastern extension of Canongate Kirkyard on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Watson Gordon, John" in: Thieme-Becker

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir John Watson-Gordon (The Walter Scott Digital Archive)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works in the National Galleries of Scotland

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Watson Gordononline (Artcyclopedia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Prince of Wales (King Edward VII) by Sir John Watson Gordon / Smithsonian American Art Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on Royal Academy of Arts Collections

alias:
Sir John Watson Gordon
John, II Watson
John II Watson
Sir John Watson
John Watson-Gordon
Sir John Watson- Gordon
Sir Gordon
John Gordon
Sir J. Watson Gordon
J.W. Gordon
John Watson, Sir Gordon
J. Watson Gordon

description: British painter (1788-1864)

wikidata_label: John Watson Gordon

wikipedia_title: John Watson Gordon


text:
Frankish
knight
Byzantine Empire
Byzantine–Seljuk Wars
Raymond of Poitiers
Raynald of Châtillon
Constance of Antioch
Manuel I Komnenos
Seljuk Turks
Battle of Myriokephalon
cavalry charge
counterattack
John Julius Norwich

categories: 12th-century Byzantine military personnel,Medieval French knights,Christians of the Second Crusade,Year of birth missing,Frankish warriors,1176 deaths,Byzantine generals

paragraph: Baldwin of Antioch

paragraph: Baldwin of Antioch (died September 17, 1176) was a Frankish knight and general in service of the Byzantine Empire during the Byzantine–Seljuk Wars. His paternal lineage is contested, being identified by various historians either as the son of Raymond of Poitiers or Raynald of Châtillon and Constance of Antioch, and brother-in-law of Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos. An ally of the Emperor in his battles against the Seljuk Turks, Baldwin was one of his most trusted advisors and the only one of Manuel's senior commanders "of Western origin".

paragraph: He commanded the right wing of the Byzantine forces guarding the siege and baggage train, largely composed of Latin mercenaries, at the Battle of Myriokephalon on September 17, 1176. Upon approaching narrow Tzibritze Pass, the Seljuks launched an attack on Manuel's marching troops. Baldwin led a cavalry charge attempting to drive the Turks from the hills in a counterattack but was surrounded and killed together with all his men.

paragraph: In "Byzantium: The Decline and Fall" (1996), English historian John Julius Norwich described the aftermath of Baldwin's death (taken from the Byzantine historian Choniates, whose comments are not always unbiased);

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angold, Michael. "The Byzantine Empire, 1025-1204: A Political History". London and New York: Longman, 1984.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Birkenmeier, John W. "The Development of the Komnenian Army: 1081-1180". Leiden, Boston, and Koln: EJ Brill, 2002.

description: Frankish knight

wikidata_label: Baldwin of Antioch

wikipedia_title: Baldwin of Antioch


text: Brisbane

text: Queensland

text: Queensland Legislative Council

text: Queensland Legislative Assembly

text: Woolloongabba

text: Second Boer War

text: Queensland Legislative Council

text: Buranda

text: State funeral

text: Victoria Bridge

text: Queen Street

text: Mount Thompson Crematorium

categories: Members of the Queensland Legislative Council,1878 births,Australian military personnel of the Second Boer War,1950 deaths,Speakers of the Queensland Legislative Assembly

paragraph: Ted Hanson

paragraph: Edward (Ted) Joseph Hanson (5 September 1878 – 26 October 1950) was a plumber, union organiser and politician in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Council and the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Edward Joseph Hanson was born in Woolloongabba, Brisbane on 5 September 1878, the son of John Hanson and his wife Mary Ann (née Castree).

paragraph: He served in the Second Boer War 1899–1901.

paragraph: On 19 August, Edward, known as Ted, was married to Elizabeth McKay; they had eight children. He was also a founding member of the PGEUA (Plumbers and Gasfitters Employees Union of Australia) Qld branch in 1904. He was later its first full-time Secretary/Organiser (1915–1924). From 1916 to 1922 he was a member of the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board.

paragraph: Section::::Politics.

paragraph: Hanson was a member of the Queensland Legislative Council from 1920 to 1922. After the abolition of the Council, he represented the Queensland state electorate of Buranda from 1924 to 1947, and was the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 8 August 1939 until 31 July 1944.

paragraph: He was the first Speaker of the QLD Parliament to not wear a wig. His daughter Norma, related to her daughter, Caroline Mann-Smith, that Ted said that "I am not wearing a sheep skin on my head". (Norma was aged 19 in 1939). No doubt his reasons were not only this – they were likely to do with disagreement with what he saw as old and unnecessary traditions. (written by Caroline Mann-Smith, as quoted earlier)

paragraph: He was a supporter of the Buranda State Schools Committee and the President of the Committee. He was a supporter of the Kent Street Blind, Deaf and Dumb Institution and the Chairman of its Committee.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Hanson died on 26 October 1950. He was accorded a State funeral. His funeral cortege was led by the Queensland Mounted Police and was more than a mile long. It travelled along Victoria Bridge, Queen Street and Story Bridge and then to Mount Thompson Crematorium where he was cremated.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Members of the Queensland Legislative Council, 1917–1922

paragraph: BULLET::::- Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1923–1926; 1926–1929; 1929–1932; 1932–1935; 1935–1938; 1938–1941; 1941–1944; 1944–1947

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Letters to Ted and family sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Various letters in the Queensland State Archives written by Ted Hanson in those positions

description: Australian soldier, trade unionist and politician

wikidata_label: Edward Joseph Hanson

wikipedia_title: Ted Hanson


text:
Dresden
Leipzig
Ludwig Tieck
feuilleton
Schiller Institute
Pillnitz
Nuremberg
psalms

categories: 1810 births,19th-century poets,German male poets,1862 deaths,People from Dresden,19th-century German writers,German poets,People from the Kingdom of Saxony

paragraph: Friedrich Julius Hammer

paragraph: Friedrich Julius Hammer (June 7, 1810 – August 23, 1862) was a German poet born in Dresden.

paragraph: In 1831 he went to Leipzig to study law, but devoted himself mainly to philosophy and belles lettres. Returning to Dresden in 1834 a small comedy, "Das seltsame Frühstück", introduced him to the literary society of the capital, notably to Ludwig Tieck, and from this time he devoted himself entirely to writing. In 1837 he returned to Leipzig, and, coming again to Dresden, from 1851 to 1859 edited the "feuilleton" of "Sächsische konstitutionelle Zeitung", and took the lead in the foundation in 1855 of the Schiller Institute in Dresden. His marriage in 1851 had made him independent, and he bought a small property at Pillnitz, on which, soon after his return from a residence of several years at Nuremberg, he died.

paragraph: Hammer wrote, besides several comedies, a drama "Die Brüder" (1856), a number of unimportant romances, and the novel "Einkehr und Umkehr" (Leipzig, 1856); but his reputation rests upon his epigrammatic and didactic poems. His "Schau um dich, und schau in dich" (1851), which made his name, has passed through more than thirty editions. It was followed by "In allen guten Stunden" (1854), "Fester Grund" (1857), "Auf stillen Wegen" (1859), and "Lerne, liebe, lebe" (1862).

paragraph: Besides these he wrote a book of Turkish songs, "Unter dem Halbmond" (Leipzig, 1860), and rhymed versions of the psalms (1861), and compiled the popular religious anthology "Leben und Heimat in Gott", of which a 14th edition was published in 1900.

paragraph: He was a member of the "Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Isis" in Dresden.

paragraph: Er war Mitglied der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden

paragraph: See CGE Am Ende, "Julius Hammer" (Nuremberg, 1872).

description: German poet

wikidata_label: Friedrich Julius Hammer

wikipedia_title: Friedrich Julius Hammer


text:
archbishop of Mainz
Swabia
Reichenau
Ellwangen Abbey
German king, Arnulf
Mainz
synod
Tribur
Italy
Louis the Child
Zwentibold
Lorraine
Ellwangen
Lorsch
Franconia
Conradines
Babenberg
Fritzlar
Adalbert of Babenberg
Conrad, duke of Franconia
King Henry I
Thuringia
Mount Etna
Mouse Tower
Bingen
Hatto II
Reichenau
Fulda
Council of Tribur
Southey's
Exhibition about Hatto in Mainz (2013)

categories: 913 deaths,850 births,Archbishops of Mainz,9th-century archbishops

paragraph: Hatto I

paragraph: Hatto I (c. 850 – 15 May 913) was archbishop of Mainz (Mayence) from 891 until his death.

paragraph: Hatto belonged to a Swabian family, and was probably educated at the monastery of Reichenau, of which be became abbot in 888. He was also abbot of Ellwangen Abbey.

paragraph: Hatto soon became known to the German king, Arnulf, who appointed him archbishop of Mainz in 891, and he became such a trustworthy and loyal counsellor that he was popularly called the heart of the king. He presided over the important synod at Tribur in 895 and accompanied the king to Italy in 894 and 895, where he was received with great favor by Pope Formosus. In 899, when Arnulf died, Hatto became regent of the Empire and guardian of the young king, Louis the Child, whose authority he compelled Zwentibold, duke of Lorraine, an illegitimate son of Arnulf, to recognize.

paragraph: During these years Hatto did not neglect his own interests, for in 896 he secured for himself the abbey of Ellwangen and in 898 that of Lorsch. He assisted the Franconian family of the Conradines in its feud with the Babenbergs for supremacy in Franconia; after the battle of Fritzlar on September 9 906 between the Babenbergs and Conradines he arranged for the capture and execution of Count Adalbert of Babenberg, breaking his promise of safe conduct. Hatto retained his influence during the entire reign of Louis the Child and on the king's death in 911 was prominent in securing the election of Conrad, duke of Franconia, to the vacant throne. When trouble arose between Conrad and Henry the Fowler, duke of Saxony, afterwards King Henry I, the attitude of Conrad was ascribed by the Saxons to the influence of Hatto, who wished to prevent Henry from securing authority in Thuringia, where the see of Mainz had extensive possessions. He was accused of complicity in a plot to murder Henry, who in return ravaged the archiepiscopal lands in Saxony and Thuringia.

paragraph: Hatto died on 15 May 913, one legend saying he was struck by lightning, and another that he was thrown alive by the devil into the crater of Mount Etna. His memory was long regarded in Saxony with great abhorrence, and stories of cruelty and treachery gathered round his name.

paragraph: The legend of the Mouse Tower at Bingen is connected with Hatto I and Hatto II, who was archbishop of Mainz from 968 to 970. This latter Hatto built the church of St. George on the island of Reichenau, was generous to the see of Mainz and to the abbeys of Fulda and Reichenau, and was a patron of the chronicler Regino, abbot of Prum.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Council of Tribur

paragraph: BULLET::::- Southey's "God's Judgement on a Wicked Bishop".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibition about Hatto in Mainz (2013)

paragraph: BR

description: Roman Catholic archbishop

wikidata_label: Hatto I

wikipedia_title: Hatto I


href: Ostende Unionism%20%28Belgium%29 politician Koekelare

text: Ostende unionist politician Koekelare

paragraph: Henri Serruys

paragraph: Henri François Serruys, (Ostende 9 November 1796 – 12 November 1883), was a Belgian unionist politician, mayor of Ostende.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Serruys was the eighth of eleven children of Jacques Serruys (1759–1824) and of Julie Hertoghe (1762–1847). His father was a gin distiller in Koekelare.

paragraph: He married in 1826 Melanie De Clercq (1801–1852), daughter of the shipowner Salomon De Clercq and of Josepha Merghelynck. They had two daughters and a son, who remained single.

paragraph: At the end of the French Empire, he was one of the notable families of Ostende, which had to deliver a son for the imperial army. He participated in the last Napoleonic battles.

paragraph: In November 1830 he was elected member of the city council of Ostend and from 1836 until his resignation in 1860 he was mayor of the town.

paragraph: In 1901 a lane was named after him in Ostend.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- P. VANDENABELE, "Henri Serruys, burgemeester van de stad Oostende".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lucy PEELLAERT, "Contribution à l'histoire et à la généalogie de la famille Serruys", Brussel, 1987.

description: Belgian mayor (1796-1883)

wikidata_label: Henri Serruys

wikipedia_title: Henri Serruys


text:
New World Music
classical music
Jazz
pop
Drum and Bass
House
Trance
new-age music
New World Music
symphony hall
Symphony in F
Shirt and Tie
Picture This Picture Life
Emmerdale
YouTube
Blister
Sniper
NME

paragraph: Stuart Jones (composer)

paragraph: Stuart Jones is a composer and musician from Birmingham, England. And one of the most popular recording artists on the label New World Music

paragraph: According to Allmusic, Stuart Jones displayed an intense interest in music throughout his childhood years. Listening to classical music, Jazz, and pop gave Jones a broad base of musical influences, which he would draw on throughout the course of his career. That diverse palette is demonstrated in Jones' wide array of accomplishments, and his compositions for film and television can be heard on programs throughout the U.K.

paragraph: He is known for his prodigious and spontaneous improvisational style both in performance and composition. A Cambridge University PhD by Frances Ragni is based on his improvisations. He teaches these techniques mainly in Birmingham, England.

paragraph: Jones maintains a solid reputation as a dance music artist, regularly contributing to compilations and collections of Drum and Bass, House, and Trance music alongside artists such as DJ Luck and the Artful Dodger. It is Jones' work in new-age music that has gained the most recognition. He began recording for the New World Music label in 1995 with his debut release, entitled Love Eternal. Specializing in music for relaxation and meditation, New World Music has a strong presence throughout the new age music world. Fusing new age music ideas with dance music styles, Jones became one of the label's best-selling artists with 1998's album Lifeforce. His soft jazz release Late Into The Night demonstrated his versatility and sensitivity, broadening his audience significantly. Subsequent releases such as Lazy Days (featuring vocalist Sarah Jane) and Pure Calm have established Jones as one of the genre's most innovative and progressive voices. Stuart Jones maintains a healthy performance schedule on a variety of circuits, making appearances in symphony halls and dancehalls alike.

paragraph: He composed a classical symphony Symphony in F, two stage musicals Shirt and Tie and Picture This Picture Life, and finally a modern ‘Concerto for acoustic speed funk pianos’.

paragraph: Jones is also noted for his TV music with KPM and Stock, the most notable appearance of his music being on the soap Emmerdale.

paragraph: Stuart Jones appears to work mainly as a solo artist but is well known on the video sharing site YouTube with his piano-duelling duo Blister teaming up with musician Sniper, many of the videos being featured on NME

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Love Eternal (New World Music) 1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- Loves Dream (New World Music) 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lifeforce (New World Music) 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- Late into the Night (New World Music) 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lazy days (New World Music) 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pure Calm (New World Music) 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stuartwho? (Jam Jar records) 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- Delicious (Jam Jar records) 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Massage (New World Music) 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Enchanted Garden, alias Stuart Michael (Northstar music publishing) 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simply Relax, alias S.J.Bluewater (DA music) 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baby in the Woods alias S.J. Bluewater (Rajon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayurvedic Wellbeing alias S.J. Bluewater (Warner music) 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pure Love and Light (New World Music) 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eternal Dream (New World Music) 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- Classics for Relaxation (New World Music) 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- Classics for Meditation (New World Music) 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stuart and Sarah Collection (Jam Jar Records) 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony in F (Jam Jar Records) 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- Massage 2 (New World Music) 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stuart Who’s Who (Jam Jar Records) 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- On the Wings of an Angel, alias Cadence (New World Music) 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Animal Angels (New World Music) 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Classics for Meditation (New World Music) 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lullabies, Stuart and Sarah (New World Music) 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zen Garden (Watermusic, USA) 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zen Garden 2 (Watermusic, USA) 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shirt and Tie the Musical (Jam Jar Records) 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- DVD Einfach Entspannen, Simply Relax, alias S J Bluewater DA Music) 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calm Reflection (New World Music) 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Connecting With Animals (New World Music) 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Essential Sleep (New World Music) 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Groovy Nursery Rhymes (GAP Music) 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony in F (GAP Music) 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sea of Silence, alias Stuart Michael, Nandara, Fraser Morris (Sony Music) 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Melodies and Memories, Best of Stuart Jones (New World Music) 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Asian Spa, alias Stuart Michael (Watermusic, USA) 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Total Spa, alias Stuart Michael (EMI Records) 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Picture This, Picture Life EP (GAP Music) 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Stillness of Beauty, alias Stuart Michael (GAP Music) 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Massage 3 (New World Music) 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amient Soul, alias Stuart Michael (GAP Music) 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sea of Calm, alias Fraser Morris (GAP Music) 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sea of Tranquitilty, alias Fraser Morris (GAP Music) 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blues and jazz piano. Stuart Jones and Blister (with Martin Rowberry) 2012. New World Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Greats. Stuart Jones and Blister (with Martin Rowberry) 2012. New World Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- Funky Piano. Stuart Jones and Blister (with Martin Rowberry) New World Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- Melodies and Memories Best of.. New World Music 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tranquil Moments (with Fred Woodley)

paragraph: BULLET::::- New World Music 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- Relaxation en Forét New World Music 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Relaxation dans le Jardin New World Music 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Picture This Picture Life. Musical soundtrack. GAP Music 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sooth Away. GAP Music 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Animal Healing 2. New World Music 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony in F (with the Mozart Symphony Orchestra). Cadogan Hall

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Stuart Jones

wikipedia_title: Stuart Jones (composer)


text:
Neapolitan
dialect
Naples
Archaeological Museum of Naples
guappi
Mario Pasquale Costa
Il Mattino
Salvatore Di Giacomo
Edoardo Scarfoglio
Matilde Serao
Gabriele D'Annunzio
Camorra
Ciccio Cappuccio
Gennaro Cuocolo
Emile Zola
feuilleton
Ernesto Serao
café-chantant
diabetes

categories: Italian male journalists,History of the Camorra in Italy,Italian journalists,People from Naples,1927 deaths,1866 births,Non-fiction writers about organized crime in Italy

paragraph: Ferdinando Russo

paragraph: Ferdinando Russo (November 25, 1866 – January 30, 1927) was a prominent Neapolitan journalist primarily remembered as a dialect poet and composer of song lyrics.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ferdinando Russo was born on November 25, 1866 in Naples, the second of seven children, from Gennaro Russo, an official at the consumer tax office, and from Cecilia De Blasio. He attended the Technical Institute reluctantly and frequented with great interest instead a republican club located in piazza Trinità Maggiore, participating in the many protest demonstrations. He was therefore arrested by the police in 1882. After leaving his studies, he worked as a proofreader for the "Gazzetta di Napoli", taking an interest in poetry in the Neapolitan dialect, to which he then dedicated much of his life.

paragraph: He worked as an employee at the Archaeological Museum of Naples and published the texts of "Sunettiata" (Naples 1887) with dialogues of commoners, prisoners, guappi, he overheard in the streets of Naples. Also in 1887 he wrote one of his first (and most successful) songs in Neapolitan, "Scètate" ("Svegliati" - Wake up), with the music composed by Mario Pasquale Costa, one of the 250 songs he would write.

paragraph: In the largest Neapolitan daily newspaper "Il Mattino", he ran a column of worldly and literary events, raising endless controversies, criticizing the renewer of Neapolitan dialect poetry Salvatore Di Giacomo for errors or improprieties in the use of the Neapolitan language. At the newspaper he became close friends with Edoardo Scarfoglio, Matilde Serao, Gabriele D'Annunzio and . A passionate and exuberant personality, he was expelled from "Il Mattino" for one of his many disputes. He had contacts with the Camorra and followed well known judicial cases, such as those of Ciccio Cappuccio and Gennaro Cuocolo. After having beaten up a Camorrista who was annoying his girlfriend, the then nineteen-year old Russo was approached by the guappo Teofilo Sperino. Later he also met Cappuccio, the head of the "honoured society".

paragraph: He was the author of a small volume, "La Camorra", about organized crime in Naples, serialized in five installments in 1897 in "Il Mattino". He wrote the poem "Canzone 'e Ciccio Cappuccio," immortalising the legendary Camorra chief Cappuccio when he died in 1892. His fame and knowledge of the slums and underworld of Naples was such that Emile Zola wanted him as an escort in his descent in the belly of the Neapolitan labyrinth in 1894.

paragraph: The first novel of Russo, written as a feuilleton in 1907 and published by Treves ("Memorie d’un ladro" - Memoirs of a thief), was based on the costumes of the Camorra underworld. The same year he published "Origini, usi, costumi e riti dell’Annorata soggietà" (Origins, customs, traditions and rituals of the "Honoured Society") in collaboration with Ernesto Serao, which was a combination of an essay, journalistic investigation and historical reconstruction with portraits of famous Camorristi and popular sonnets on the subject.

paragraph: In 1901 he married Elisa Rosa Pennazzi, a café-chantant singer. The marriage ended early due to the jealousy of his wife, who had have him followed by a private investigator. Already suffering from diabetes, he died in Naples on January 30, 1927.

description: Italian journalist, poet and lyricist

wikidata_label: Ferdinando Russo

wikipedia_title: Ferdinando Russo


text:
Diocese of Saint Paul, Alberta
Montreal
Pope Benedict XVI

categories: 1943 births,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,Living people

paragraph: Paul Terrio

paragraph: Paul Terrio (born May 4, 1943) is a Canadian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He currently serves as bishop of the Diocese of Saint Paul, Alberta.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Terrio was born in Montreal. He was ordained a priest on May 23, 1970. He was appointed as bishop of St. Paul by Pope Benedict XVI on October 18, 2012. He received his episcopal consecration on December 12, 2012.

description: Canadian Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Paul Terrio

wikipedia_title: Paul Terrio


text:
Bengali
West Bengal
Bangladesh
Insomnia
Khokababu
Dev
Indian film
Bangladeshi film
Savvy Gupta

categories: Bengali musicians,Indian male composers,Bengali people,Musicians from Kolkata,Indian film score composers,1983 births,Living people

paragraph: Savvy Gupta

paragraph: Souvik Gupta, known as "Savvy" (), is an Indian music director who has composed and sung songs for Bengali movies from both West Bengal and Bangladesh.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Gupta formerly played keyboard and sung for Kolkata-based rock bands Insomnia and Crystal Grass. He started his journey as a film composer in the year 2012 with the film "Khokababu", composing the song "Khoka Chalu Cheez" sung by actor Dev. He was the composer for the theme song of the first ever Kolkata fashion week. In addition to composing for Indian film soundtracks, Gupta also composes music for Bangladeshi film soundtracks.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Savvy Gupta on Gomolo

description: nicknamed "Savvy", Indian musician, singer and composer

wikidata_label: Savvy Gupta

wikipedia_title: Savvy Gupta


text:
University of Copenhagen
Christiansborg Palace Church

categories: Danish classical organists,20th-century organists,Danish jazz composers,Danish composers,Male organists,1906 births,2004 deaths,Male jazz composers,Composers for pipe organ,20th-century male musicians

paragraph: Bernhard Christensen

paragraph: He studied music at University of Copenhagen from 1926. In 1929 he graduated and was organist until 1945 at Christiansborg Palace Church. Then he was hired as organist by Vangede Church from 1945 to 1976. He also worked as a music teacher from 1950 to 1976, notably for young jazz enthusiasts in a kindergarten.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This article was initially translated from the Danish Wikipedia."

description: Danish musician

wikidata_label: Bernhard Christensen

wikipedia_title: Bernhard Christensen


text:
Baltimore
Maryland
football
cornerback
Penn State
Phillips Academy
Erie, Pennsylvania
Phillips Academy
Andover, Massachusetts
Joe Paterno
Kerry Collins
Kyle Brady
Rose Bowl
Charlie Pittman
New York Giants
Ernie Accorsi
NFL
Big Ten
Under Armour
Daily American
South Bend Tribune

wikipedia_title:
Baltimore
Maryland
American football
Cornerback
Pennsylvania State University
Phillips Academy
Erie, Pennsylvania
Phillips Academy
Andover, Massachusetts
Joe Paterno
Kerry Collins
Kyle Brady
Rose Bowl Game
Charlie Pittman
New York Giants
Ernie Accorsi
National Football League
Big Ten Conference
Under Armour
Daily American
South Bend Tribune

categories: Sportspeople from Erie, Pennsylvania,American podcasters,Penn State Nittany Lions football players,American memoirists,1971 births,Players of American football from Maryland,Players of American football from Pennsylvania,Living people,American football defensive backs

paragraph: Tony Pittman

paragraph: Tony Pittman (born August 5, 1971 in Baltimore, Maryland) is an American former college football player. He was a 2nd Team All-Big Ten cornerback at Penn State after graduating from Phillips Academy in 1990. Pittman grew up in Erie, Pennsylvania and also attended McDowell High School, where he would have been in the 1989 graduation class had he not transferred to Phillips Academy.

paragraph: Section::::Collegiate career.

paragraph: Recruited out of Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, Pittman was a member of Joe Paterno's 1990 recruiting class, which also included Kerry Collins and Kyle Brady.

paragraph: Pittman was the 1993 recipient of the Jim O'Hora Award. Each year, the award is presented to a defensive Penn State Nittany Lions football player for "exemplary conduct, loyalty, interest, attitude, and improvement" during spring practice each year. The award honors former Nittany Lion assistant coach Jim O'Hora who served the team for 31 years before retiring in 1977.

paragraph: Pittman led the Nittany Lions in interceptions in 1993 with 5 and started all 12 games at cornerback for the undefeated, Rose Bowl championship team in 1994.

paragraph: Section::::Father/son connections.

paragraph: Pittman's father Charlie Pittman starred as an All-American running back on the undefeated Penn State teams of 1968-1969.

paragraph: Father and son were both starters for the Nittany Lions. Despite playing on three of Joe Paterno's five undefeated teams, both were denied national championships that could have been awarded their teams, but were given to other squads.

paragraph: Neither Tony Pittman or Charlie Pittman ever lost a game they started while at Penn State. Their combined college records are 45-0-1. In the sports world, that is almost a miraculous number. In elite college football, there is no father-son tandem better at their game, record-wise, than the Pittmans.

paragraph: New York Giants general manager Ernie Accorsi, who spent decades guiding NFL

paragraph: teams notes, “it’s unprecedented; it’s hard to believe,” Accorsi said. “That record for a father and son at the same university—and the son played in the Big Ten—that is something mind-boggling.”

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Pittman currently works as the Head of Global Indirect Procurement at Under Armour. In 2007, he teamed up with his father Charlie to write "Playing for Paterno", , about their shared experiences as the first father/son to play for the legendary coach.

paragraph: Pittman is the host of two podcasts. Pittman and co-host Phil Collins have been creating, producing and hosting "The Penn State Football Podcast" since July 2005. He has also been co-hosting and starring in the "Real Tech for Real People" podcast since September 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Trivia.

paragraph: Pittman wore jersey number 24 at Penn State — the same number worn by his father.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pittman, son release book", "Daily American", August 25, 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lions' Pittman hopes to duplicate father's success", "The Daily Collegian", September 19, 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- A player's tribute to Joe Paterno's legacy, "South Bend Tribune", July 18. 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pittman Selected to 1990's All Decade Team","NittanyAnthology.com"

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Tony Pittman

wikipedia_title: Tony Pittman


text:
Armenian
Latinized
Byzantine
Armenian
Constantine V
themes
Asia Minor
Anastasius II
"stratēgos"
Armeniac theme
Leo
Anatolic theme
Theodosius III
Anna
kouropalates
Opsikion
Constantine V
Asia Minor
Arab
Amorion
Constantinople
Iconoclasm
Anna
Augusta
Niketas
Thrace
Thracesian
Baktangios
Opsikion
Asia Minor
publicly blinded
monastery of Chora
Nikephoros
Niketas
Armeniac theme
List of Byzantine emperors

categories: Isaurian dynasty,Eastern Orthodox monks,8th-century Byzantine emperors,Armenian Byzantine emperors,Governors of the Armeniac Theme,Year of birth unknown,8th-century Armenian people,743 deaths,Leo III the Isaurian,Byzantine Iconoclasm

paragraph: Artabasdos

paragraph: Artavasdos or Artabasdos ( or , from Armenian: Արտավազդ, "Artavazd", "Ardavazt"), Latinized as Artabasdus, was a Byzantine general of Armenian descent who seized the throne from June 741 or 742 until November 743. His reign constitutes a usurpation against Constantine V, who had retained control of several themes in Asia Minor.

paragraph: Section::::Rise to power.

paragraph: In about 713, Emperor Anastasius II appointed the Armenian Artabasdos as governor ("stratēgos") of the Armeniac theme (Θέμα Άρμενιάκων, Thema Armeniakōn), the successor of the Army of Armenia, which occupied the old areas of the Pontus, Armenia Minor, and northern Cappadocia, with its capital at Amasea. After Anastasius' fall, Artabasdos made an agreement with his colleague Leo, the governor of the Anatolic theme, to overthrow the new Emperor Theodosius III. This agreement was sealed with the engagement of Leo's daughter Anna to Artabasdos, and the marriage took place after Leo III ascended the throne in March 717.

paragraph: Artabasdos was awarded the rank of "kouropalates" ("master of the palace") and became commander (count, "komēs") of the Opsikion theme, while retaining control of his original command. In June 741 or 742, after the accession of Leo's son Constantine V to the throne, Artabasdos resolved to seize the throne and attacked his brother-in-law while the latter was traversing Asia Minor to fight the Arabs on the eastern frontier. While Constantine fled to Amorion, Artabasdus seized Constantinople amid popular support and was crowned emperor.

paragraph: Section::::Reign and downfall.

paragraph: While it seems Artabasdos abandoned his predecessor's religious policy of Iconoclasm and restored Orthodoxy with some support, there is actually little support from contemporary sources. Soon after his accession, Artabasdus crowned his wife Anna as "Augusta" and his son Nikephoros as co-emperor, while putting his other son Niketas in charge of the Armeniac theme. But while Artabasdus could rely also on the support of the themes of Thrace and Opsikion, Constantine secured for himself the support of the Anatolic and Thracesian themes.

paragraph: The inevitable clash came in May 743, when Artabasdus led the offensive against Constantine but was defeated. Later the same year Constantine defeated Niketas, and on November 2, 743 Artabasdus' reign came to an end as Constantine V entered Constantinople. Artabasdus, accompanied by his close associate Baktangios fled to the castle of Pouzanes in Opsikion (Asia Minor), where they were apprehended and brought to Constantinople. Artabasdos and his sons were publicly blinded and relegated to the monastery of Chora on the outskirts of Constantinople. The date of his death is unknown.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: By his wife Anna, the daughter of Emperor Leo III, Artabasdos had nine children, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nikephoros, who was co-emperor from 742 to 743.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Niketas, who was "strategos" of the Armeniac theme from 742 to 743.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Byzantine emperors

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- References

description: 8th-century Byzantine emperor

wikidata_label: Artabasdos

wikipedia_title: Artabasdos