text:
Electorate of the Palatinate
general officer
Bavaria
Seven Years' War
French Revolutionary Wars
French revolutionaries
First French Empire
Napoleonic Wars
Karl Philipp von Wrede
Bavarian military
Napoleon Bonaparte
War of the First Coalition
Mannheim
First French Republic
Mannheim
ensign
Battle of Hastenbeck
lieutenant
captain
major
Oberstleutnant
Oberst
General-Feldwachtmeister
War of the Second Coalition
Grenadiers
Chevau-légers
Karl Philipp von Wrede
Iller
Neuburg an der Donau
Archduke John of Austria
Inn River
Braunau am Inn
Battle of Hohenlinden
Johann Kollowrat
Emmanuel Grouchy
Johann Sigismund Riesch
Antoine Richepanse
Michel Ney
Elector Maximilian IV Joseph of Bavaria
Landshut
Legion d'Honneur
War of the Third Coalition
Main River
Karl Mack von Lieberich
Battle of Ulm
Tyrol
Lofer
Salzburg
Franz Xaver Saint-Julien
Tyrolean
Military Order of Max Joseph
War of the Fourth Coalition
Jerome Bonaparte
Silesia
Głowgów (Glogau)
Wrocław (Breslau)
Brzeg (Brieg)
Koźle (Kosel)
Dominique Vandamme
Kłodzko (Glatz)
Srebrna Góra (Silberburg)
Peace of Tilsit
War of the Fifth Coalition
Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria
Isar River
Landshut
Moosburg
Pfeffenhausen
Siegenburg
Marshal
François Joseph Lefebvre
Battle of Abensberg
Battle of Landshut
Prince Franz Seraph of Rosenberg-Orsini
Louis Davout
Battle of Eckmühl
cuirassiers
Alteglofsheim
Battle of Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
Salzburg
Kufstein Fortress
Kufstein
Johann Gabriel Chasteler de Courcelles
Battle of Wörgl
Tyrolean Rebellion
Innsbruck
Battles of Bergisel
Andreas Hofer
Battle of Wagram
Russian Empire
Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
First Battle of Polotsk
Nicolas Oudinot
Peter Wittgenstein
Daugava River
Chandler, David
Chandler, David
Petre, F. Loraine

categories: German commanders of the Napoleonic Wars,1743 births,People from Mannheim,Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars,People from the Electoral Palatinate,1812 deaths,Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Max Joseph,Bavarian generals

paragraph: Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy

paragraph: Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy (11 December 1743 – 23 August 1812) from the Electorate of the Palatinate became a noted general officer in the army of Bavaria. His military career began shortly after the start of the Seven Years' War. During the French Revolutionary Wars he first served on the side of the Coalition against the French revolutionaries, then fought as an ally of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. Deroy and his colleague, Karl Philipp von Wrede, were dominant personalities in the Bavarian military during the era of Napoleon Bonaparte.

paragraph: From a military family, Deroy entered the army as a junior officer at an early age. He rose in rank to become a general by the time the War of the First Coalition broke out. He defended his home city of Mannheim against the army of the First French Republic until its capture in 1795. In 1800, he again fought as an ally of Austria, leading a brigade of Bavarian troops in action. From the time Napoleon became the emperor of France, Bavaria became allied to France and Deroy capably led a division during the 1805, 1806–1807, 1809, and 1812 wars. He was mortally wounded in 1812 during Napoleon's campaign in Russia.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Born in Mannheim on 11 December 1743, Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy's parents were General Matthias Bertram de Roy and Elizabeth Christine of Hofstatt. He was appointed ensign in the "Count Palatine Karl August" Infantry Regiment at a very young age and fought in the Battle of Hastenbeck on 27 June 1757. He became a lieutenant on 14 February 1761 and captain of an infantry company on 5 September 1763. His next promotion occurred on 30 October 1775 when he became a major in the "Duke of Zweibrücken" Infantry Regiment. He was elevated in rank to Oberstleutnant while belonging to the "Rodenhausen" Infantry Regiment on 8 June 1784. On 21 December 1787 he returned to the "Duke of Zweibrücken" as Oberst and commanding officer. On 3 November 1792, Deroy was promoted to "General-Feldwachtmeister" and later appointed governor of Mannheim. In this position he became responsible for strengthening the fortifications in anticipation of a French attack.

paragraph: Section::::French Revolutionary Wars.

paragraph: On 23 and 24 December, Deroy fought in the bridgehead of Mannheim, which had come under attack. On 25 December the bridgehead fell to the French and four Austrian battalions became prisoners. The fortress came under siege the following year and Lieutenant General Baron von Belderbusch capitulated on 20 September 1795. The French captured the 9,200-man garrison and 471 guns, of which all were Bavarians except one Austrian battalion. Deroy left the city on 22 September after agreeing not to serve in the war against France.

paragraph: The War of the Second Coalition broke out in 1799 and in the spring of 1800, Lieutenant General Christian Zweibrücken appointed Deroy to lead the 6,000-strong 1st Brigade as part of a German auxiliary corps allied with the Austrians. Deroy's command included the following battalions, "Reuss" Grenadiers, "Elector of Bavaria", "Morawitzky", "Herzog Wilhelm", "Schlossberg", plus a company of sharpshooters, three squadrons of Chevau-légers, a battery of foot artillery and a battery of horse artillery. On 12 May, the 2nd Brigade led by Karl Philipp von Wrede joined the corps. He fought at the Battle of the Iller River on 5 June and at the Battle of Neuburg an der Donau on 27 June.

paragraph: The series of Austrian defeats was ended by a truce on 15 July 1800. The armistice concluded in late November at which time the youthful and inexperienced Austrian commander Archduke John of Austria assembled 15,762 Bavarians and Württembergers behind the Inn River west of Braunau am Inn. John's 65,500-man main body lay just to the east. In Zweibrücken's Bavarian Division, Deroy led the "Reuss" Grenadiers, "Metzen" Light, "Schlossburg", "Stengel", and "Minucci" infantry battalions. With Wrede's brigade, the Bavarian contingent numbered 7,017 infantry, 828 cavalry, and 26 artillery pieces.

paragraph: In the Battle of Hohenlinden on 3 December 1800, the Bavarians marched with the Left Center Column, which was under the command of Johann Kollowrat and accompanied by Archduke John. Early in the morning, Kollowrat drove back the French 108th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade. To keep the attack rolling, the Austrian committed three of Deroy's battalions. However, the allies soon ran into Emmanuel Grouchy's main line of resistance and were driven back by a powerful counterattack. Zweibrücken also sent two Bavarian battalions searching for Johann Sigismund Riesch's tardy Left Column to the south. Instead of Riesch, Antoine Richepanse's French division emerged from the forests to Kollowrat's left rear. After heavy fighting, Kollowrat's column was caught in a three-sided trap between the divisions of Richepanse, Grouchy, and Michel Ney. In the disaster that followed, Deroy and 18 other Bavarian officers became prisoners of war along with thousands of Austrian and Bavarian rank and file. Zweibrücken had to catch an artillery horse in order to get away and even the archduke had a narrow escape.

paragraph: Section::::Napoleonic Wars.

paragraph: Section::::Napoleonic Wars.:1805–1807.

paragraph: In 1801 Elector Maximilian IV Joseph of Bavaria named Deroy to a commission to improve and reorganize the army. He led a brigade at Landshut in 1803, and in the following year he and Wrede introduced the new military regulations. On 21 April 1804, Deroy received promotion to Lieutenant General and was decorated with military awards. Napoleon awarded him the Grand Eagle of the Legion d'Honneur.

paragraph: The latter award was possible because Bavaria became a secret ally of France against Austria. When the War of the Third Coalition broke out in September 1805, the Bavarian army withdrew north to the Main River in response to the Austrian invasion. Deroy commanded a corps of two divisions, including his own and Wrede's. The French armies soon obliterated the Austrian army of Karl Mack von Lieberich at the Battle of Ulm on 20 October. This freed the Bavarian contingent to operate against the Tyrol. On 1 November, Bavarian Oberst Pompei successfully rushed several positions near Lofer which lies southwest of Salzburg. Encouraged, Deroy ordered an attack on the Strub Pass, eight kilometers west of Lofer. The position was defended by Franz Xaver Saint-Julien's 1,500-man Austrian brigade with the support of local Tyrolean militia and sharpshooters. The assault ended in a bloody repulse, with 1,200 to 1,800 Bavarians out as casualties, including Deroy wounded. Saint-Julien only lost 200 men and one cannon.

paragraph: On 1 March 1806, Deroy received the Grand Cross of the Military Order of Max Joseph. In the War of the Fourth Coalition, Deroy was placed under the command of Prince Jerome Bonaparte. He undertook several sieges of Prussian fortresses in Silesia during 1806 and 1807. In November 1806, Deroy's 1st Bavarian Division laid siege to the fortress of Głowgów (Glogau). After the Bavarians were replaced by a Württemberg division, the place surrendered on 2 December. He marched to Wrocław (Breslau) where his division arrived on 18 December. Prince Jerome's 22,000-strong IX Corps maintained the siege until 6 January 1807 when the fortress capitulated with 5,300 prisoners and 268 cannon. Bavarian casualties numbered 259 in the operation. Deroy then advanced with 13,000 troops to lay siege to Brzeg (Brieg). On 17 January Brzeg surrendered with 1,450 prisoners.

paragraph: Deroy placed Koźle (Kosel) under siege on 24 January, but the place resisted all attempts at capture. On 2 July, the Bavarians abandoned the effort. Now under the command of Dominique Vandamme, Deroy participated in the storm and capture of Kłodzko (Glatz) on 24 June 1807. He moved against Srebrna Góra (Silberburg) with 6,500 troops, but the Prussian garrison refused to give up after he bombarded the fortress on 28 and 29 June. The Peace of Tilsit ended the fighting. On 27 November, he was named to the Privy Council of Bavaria.

paragraph: Section::::Napoleonic Wars.:1809 and 1812.

paragraph: At the beginning of the War of the Fifth Coalition, Deroy relinquished command of the 1st Division to Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria and took charge of the 3rd Division in the VII Corps. This unit consisted of the 5th, 9th, 10th, and 14th Infantry Regiments, the 5th and 7th Light Battalions, the "Taxis" Dragoons and "Bubenhoven" Chevau-légers, and 18 pieces of artillery. After the Austrian invasion, Deroy held the west bank of the Isar River opposite Landshut on 16 April 1809. In a brief action, each side lost 150 to 200 killed and wounded. After an Austrian column crossed upstream at Moosburg, he fell back through Pfeffenhausen to Siegenburg. Under the command of Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre, Deroy was present but not engaged in the Battle of Abensberg on 20 April.

paragraph: On 21 April, as Napoleon was winning the Battle of Landshut to the south, Deroy fought against Prince Franz Seraph of Rosenberg-Orsini's Austrian IV Armeekorps. He advanced on the right flank of Louis Davout's French III Corps and captured the village of Schierling. The Bavarians got no farther that day and Davout's attacks were also stopped. Bavarian losses were about 150 and French casualties 1,500, while the Austrians lost 3,000.

paragraph: In the Battle of Eckmühl on 22 April, Davout and Deroy advanced from the west, while Napoleon fell on Rosenberg's position from the south. The Austrians held a key position called the Bettel Berg with 3,000 infantry and 16 cannons. Deroy's cavalry brigade under General-Major Seydewitz attacked first and was driven back by well-handled Austrian light cavalry. Deroy's infantry tried next. Raked by accurate artillery fire and counterattacked by cavalry, they too were defeated. Later in the day, three squadrons of Bavarian cavalry charged again and were mowed down by artillery fire. But as the survivors fell back from the deadly guns, a mass formation of French cuirassiers trotted forward. The heavy cavalrymen swept aside a last despairing Austrian cavalry charge and overran the Bettel Berg. Elements of Deroy's cavalry brigade participated in the famous moonlight cavalry action at Alteglofsheim that night.

paragraph: After Eckmühl and the minor Battle of Neumarkt-Sankt Veit on 24 April, Napoleon urged Lefebvre to seize Salzburg and relieve the Bavarian garrison of the Kufstein Fortress. In early May, Austrians and Tyrolean irregulars defeated General-Major Vincenti's brigade of the 3rd Division in its attempt to reach Kufstein. At this, Napoleon demanded that Lefebvre mount a full-scale relief operation. On 11 May, Deroy relieved the 576-man garrison, which had held out for a month. With Wrede's and Deroy's divisions, Lefebvre routed Johann Gabriel Chasteler de Courcelles at the Battle of Wörgl on 13 May. Chasteler, who had been supporting the Tyrolean Rebellion, was soon after ordered to abandon the area.

paragraph: Innsbruck was occupied but Deroy's 3rd Division came under attack in the first of the Battles of Bergisel on 25 May 1809. Out of 4,000 soldiers and 12 guns, the Bavarians lost from 20 to 70 dead and from 100 to 150 wounded. The Austrians and Tyroleans under Andreas Hofer suffered 50 dead and 30 wounded. Discouraged by the lack of local support, the Tyroleans withdrew to the south. They returned to attack again on 29 May in the second battle. Deroy's 5,240 soldiers and 18 guns held their ground, losing 87 dead, 156 wounded, and 53 missing. The 1,200 Austrian regulars and 13,600 Tyroleans lost 90 dead and 160 wounded. Low on ammunition and food, Deroy evacuated Innsbruck on 30 May and retreated to Kufstein.

paragraph: After Napoleon's victory in the Battle of Wagram on 5 and 6 July, Lefebvre and Deroy reoccupied Innsbruck. In the third battle of Bergisel on 13 August, 18,000 Tyroleans sharply defeated Deroy's 3,000 troops. The Bavarians suffered 200 dead and 250 wounded while the irregulars lost 100 dead and 220 wounded. After taking hostages, Lefebvre ordered another retreat and the Tyrol was cleared of Bavarians by 18 August. On 17 October, the Tyroleans were surprised and badly beaten at Bodenbichl by General-Major Rechberg. After this, the three divisions of VII Corps retook the Tyrol. The fourth battle of Bergisel was fought and won by Wrede's troops on 1 November and the rebellion was stamped out. Deroy was promoted to General of Infantry on 1 January 1811.

paragraph: When Napoleon invaded the Russian Empire in 1812, Deroy commanded the 19th Infantry Division in Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr's VI Corps. A discouraged Deroy wrote to King Maximilian Joseph on 22 June that he did not see how they would survive. The march into Russia was difficult and the Bavarian general reported to his king that the food was bad and the soldiers' uniforms and shoes had worn out. Because of this, he wrote, discipline was breaking down and the troops were depressed and insubordinate.

paragraph: The First Battle of Polotsk began on 16 August, with Marshal Nicolas Oudinot commanding the II and VI Corps against Peter Wittgenstein's Russian I Corps. On the first day, the 30,000 Russians defeated the 24,000 Allies and Oudinot was wounded. Saint-Cyr took command and withdrew most of his troops to the south bank of the Daugava River on 17 August. He then built a concealed bridge and secretly shifted his small army to the north bank on the night of 17–18 August. At 3:00 PM, Saint-Cyr attacked the surprised Russians with the Bavarian VI Corps on the right, the French II Corps in the center, and the French cavalry on the left. Covered by a bombardment from 30 cannons, Deroy's 19th Division stormed the village of Spas while Wrede's 20th Division attacked farther to the right.

paragraph: During the attack, Deroy was hit in the abdomen by a musket ball. He continued to lead his troops during the battle, but died of his injury on 23 August 1812. He was buried at the Saint Xavier Church in Polotsk. In recognition of his services, an order of nobility was bestowed on his wife and oldest son.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arnold, James R. "Marengo & Hohenlinden." Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword, 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bowden, Scotty & Tarbox, Charlie. "Armies on the Danube 1809". Arlington, Texas: Empire Games Press, 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chandler, David. "The Campaigns of Napoleon." New York: Macmillan, 1966.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coates-Wright, Philipp. "Gouvion St.-Cyr: The Owl". Chandler, David, ed. "Napoleon's Marshals." New York: Macmillan, 1987.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Epstein, Robert M. "Napoleon's Last Victory and the Emergence of Modern War". Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1994.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petre, F. Loraine. "Napoleon and the Archduke Charles". New York: Hippocrene Books, (1909) 1976.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zamoyski, Adam, "", Harper, 2004.

description: German general

wikidata_label: Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy

wikipedia_title: Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy


text:
footballer
Portuguesa
striker
Salvador
Botafogo de Ribeirão Preto
São Caetano
Spartak Moscow
Club Atlas
UNAM Pumas
PSV Eindhoven
UEFA Champions League
Olympique Lyonnais
AC Milan
Philips Stadion
Real Betis
La Liga
Villarreal
El Madrigal
Sevilla FC
Manuel Ruiz de Lopera
UEFA Cup
AZ Alkmaar
Brazil
Ricardo Oliveira
Real Betis
Al-Ittihad
Court of Arbitration for Sport
Al-Ittihad
CF Monterrey
Humberto "El Chupete" Suazo
Colo Colo
Palmeiras
Série A
Paulista
São Paulo
Campeonato Paulista
perfect hat-trick
Santos
Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte
CF Monterrey
Puebla
K-League
Jeju United
Profile at Football.fr

categories: Club Atlas footballers,Estudiantes Tecos footballers,Kawasaki Frontale players,Campeonato Brasileiro Série C players,Liga MX players,Fortaleza Esporte Clube players,Expatriate footballers in Mexico,Servette FC players,Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players,Club América footballers,Grêmio Osasco Audax Esporte Clube players,Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players,Associação Desportiva São Caetano players,Expatriate footballers in Japan,Brazilian footballers,Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP) players,1981 births,Brazil international footballers,Russian Premier League players,Paraná Clube players,Expatriate footballers in Saudi Arabia,Sampaio Corrêa Futebol Clube players,Expatriate footballers in Malta,PSV Eindhoven players,Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players,Eredivisie players,Santa Cruz Futebol Clube players,Associação Portuguesa de Desportos players,FC Spartak Moscow players,La Liga players,Brazilian expatriate footballers,Saudi Professional League players,Boa Esporte Clube players,Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands,Club Necaxa footballers,Esporte Clube Vitória players,Living people,K League 1 players,Real Betis players,C.F. Monterrey players,Brazil under-20 international footballers,Puebla F.C. players,Ittihad FC players,Avaí FC players,Jeju United FC players,Oeste Futebol Clube players,J2 League players,Expatriate footballers in South Korea,Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in South Korea,Association football forwards,Expatriate footballers in Russia,Coritiba Foot Ball Club players,Esporte Clube Bahia players,Ceará Sporting Club players,Expatriate footballers in Switzerland

paragraph: Robert de Pinho de Souza

paragraph: Robert de Pinho de Souza (born 27 February 1981), simply known as Robert, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Portuguesa as a striker.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Early career.

paragraph: Born in Salvador, Robert began his professional career with Botafogo de Ribeirão Preto of Brazil, where he played in 2001. He made a move to São Caetano in 2002, and played with them until mid-2003, when he was transferred to Spartak Moscow. After less than a season with Spartak, however, he returned to the Americas, signing with Club Atlas. He did exceptionally well in his first season with Atlas, scoring 16 goals in 21 games during the 2004 Clausura. He repeated his performance in the 2004 Apertura, leading them to the semifinals of the liguilla, where they were eliminated by UNAM Pumas.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:PSV Eindhoven.

paragraph: Robert moved from to PSV Eindhoven for £2 million, in January 2005. He made 32 league appearances, scoring 7 goals. During the UEFA Champions League quarter-final match against Olympique Lyonnais, he kept his nerves in check to deliver his decisive spot-kick which sent his team into a semi-final showdown with eventual losing finalist AC Milan. Although he hardly had the time to impress in the Champions League games, he played an excellent match against the Italian giants in the return leg at Philips Stadion, with PSV winning 3–1 and being ousted on away goals, and he himself came close to scoring when he cracked a long range shot which just missed the Milan left post by a matter of inches.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Real Betis.

paragraph: Robert was loaned by PSV to Real Betis for 1½ years for €1 million fee, arriving during the 2006 January transfer window. His signing was pivotal in the efforts of Betis to avoid relegation, scoring 7 La Liga goals, including two against Villarreal in a 2–1 win at El Madrigal and a winning penalty against bitter rivals Sevilla FC in a 2–1 win at the Manuel Ruiz de Lopera. Robert also scored one UEFA Cup goal against AZ Alkmaar. Due to the injury of fellow Brazilian and teammate Ricardo Oliveira, Robert's importance to Betis gradually grew, as he finished the club's top goalscorer for the season. His second season, however, was poorer (still managed 9 league goals in 29 appearances) and he eventually left Real Betis in July 2007, despite Betis excised the option to buy Robert from PSV for €3.25 million on 4 April (effective on 1 July). Moreover, Robert refused to sign a contract, making the transfer collapsed. He joined Al-Ittihad as a free agent. The Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled that despite the collapse of the transfer, Betis still had to pay €1,562,500 as compensation to PSV.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:CF Monterrey.

paragraph: On 22 August 2007, Robert signed for Saudi Arabian team Al-Ittihad. On 4 December 2007 Mexican media announced the transfer of Robert to the Mexican football club CF Monterrey, where he was paired up in attack with the Chilean Humberto "El Chupete" Suazo, formerly of club Colo Colo.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Tecos UAG.

paragraph: In Tecos, he had mild success and ended the tournament with only 5 goals. Tecos were eliminated in the quarterfinals and Robert de Pinho was sent to Club America.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Palmeiras.

paragraph: In July 2009, Robert joined Palmeiras and in the Série A he scored 5 goals in 12 matches coming as a substitute in all of them. In 2009, he played a good role as a substitute in the league becoming an important player in the squad.

paragraph: In 2010 Robert remained with Palmeiras and became the key striker in the team. On 21 February 2010, he scored two headed goals against Paulista rival São Paulo and Palmeiras won the match by 2–0; it was a great appearance for Robert after he had been criticised in the beginning of the Campeonato Paulista, where he scored already 5 goals. On 14 March 2010, Robert completed perfect hat-trick against Santos and Palmeiras won the match by 4–3; this game was marked by the different type of commemoration after goals. By the end of this game, Robert came to be known as "Blade do Palestra". The nickname refers to the great actor Wesley Snipes, that played Blade, the vampire-hunter, that in fact is a vampire and also a Robert look-alike.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Cruzeiro.

paragraph: On 3 June 2010, Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte signed the striker of Palmeiras property, but he arrived on a six-month-loan from CF Monterrey.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Puebla.

paragraph: It was announced on 8 June 2011 that de Pinho was signed to Puebla. This was made public during the "2011 Super Summer Draft" held in Cancun.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Jeju United.

paragraph: On 16 January 2011, Robert joined South Korean K-League side Jeju United.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Football.fr

description: Brazilian footballer

wikidata_label: Robert de Pinho de Souza

wikipedia_title: Robert de Pinho de Souza


text:
Chevelle
Sci-Fi Crimes
Muse's
Absolution
Pete
Nickelback
Hoobastank
Bass Player
Gibson Thunderbird
Ibanez
Mesa Boogie
Gibson Guitars

categories: 21st-century American bass guitarists,Living people,American male bass guitarists,American heavy metal bass guitarists,Guitarists from Illinois,Chevelle (band) members,1973 births,People from Deerfield, Illinois

paragraph: Dean Bernardini

paragraph: Dean Bernardini (born December 27, 1973) is the bass guitarist and backing vocalist for the rock band Chevelle. He joined the band in 2005 after the departure of Joe Loeffler, who had been a member of the group since 1995. Bernardini is also a noted visual artist and woodworker; the cover of the 2009 album "Sci-Fi Crimes" was an original 24"x48" oil on canvas painting by Bernardini, and he also supplied an original oil on canvas painting for the band's 2012 album "".

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Before Chevelle, Bernardini played drums in the Chicago band Liftpoint. Bernardini taught himself to play bass by listening to and attempting to copy bass lines on albums. The first album he played to was Muse's "Absolution". When Joe Loeffler left Chevelle, Bernardini, who is married to Pete, Joe, and Sam Loeffler's sister, replaced him.

paragraph: In May 2006, Bernardini injured his left hand forcing the band to pull out of the first eight concert dates (from June 30 to July 26) with Nickelback and Hoobastank.

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.

paragraph: In a feature in "Bass Player", Bernardini stated that he uses Gibson Thunderbird and Ibanez BTB bass guitars with Mesa Boogie Big Block 750 amplifiers and Mesa 8x10 cabinets for both clean and distorted tones. He is also a featured artist by both Gibson Guitars and Ibanez Guitars.

paragraph: The Thunderbirds Bernardini plays are custom built by Ryan Loux of Loux Custom Instruments. One is black with a scale and Chevelle logo inlays, and another is a white bass that features a custom inlaid fretboard inspired by a Picasso painting, and featuring Nordstrand pickups and an extended scale length. The Ibanez BTB570s are modified by Bernardini by refinishing and installing hand-made pickguards and Bartonlini pickups.

paragraph: He uses custom gauge (65-85-115-130) GHS strings.

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Dean Bernardini

wikipedia_title: Dean Bernardini


text:
Bayeux
Calvados
French
football
defender
CA Bordj Bou Arréridj
AS Monaco
Jean Tigana
Manchester United
Champions League
Old Trafford
Newcastle United
England
Olympique de Marseille
Botola
MAS Fez
Franck Dumas

categories: Ligue 1 players,AS Monaco FC players,Sportspeople from Calvados (department),Stade Malherbe Caen managers,Stade Malherbe Caen players,Ligue 2 players,French football managers,Premier League players,RC Lens players,Olympique de Marseille players,Ligue 1 managers,Expatriate footballers in England,French footballers,People from Bayeux,French expatriate footballers,1968 births,Newcastle United F.C. players,Living people,Association football defenders

paragraph: Franck Dumas

paragraph: Franck Dumas (born 9 January 1968 in Bayeux, Calvados) is a French former professional football player who played as a defender and current football coach. He is currently the head coach of CA Bordj Bou Arréridj.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Club.

paragraph: Dumas started his career at Caen and played there for five seasons before moving to AS Monaco. Dumas played in Jean Tigana's talented Monaco side which famously put Manchester United out of the Champions League in 1998 on away goals after a 1–1 draw at Old Trafford. He joined Newcastle United in England in July 1999 before moving back to France to join Olympique de Marseille in January 2000.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Managerial.

paragraph: He would later return to Caen where he continued playing until his retirement in 2004, and where he would later manage.

paragraph: In August 2014, Dumas was appointed as manager of Moroccan Botola side MAS Fez, on a one-year contract.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Justice.

paragraph: In January 2017, he was sentenced in first instance to three years of jail including ten months suspended by the French Tribunal of Caen for tax evasion, after a complaint from the French taxation authority to which he owes 557,496 euros. His lawyer announces his willingness to appeal.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franck Dumas at Footballdatabase

description: French footballer

wikidata_label: Franck Dumas

wikipedia_title: Franck Dumas


text: bassoonist

text: Edgar Degas

text: Louis-Marie Pilet

text: Lille

text: Conservatoire de Paris

text: First prize

text: bassoon

text: Théâtre-Lyrique

text: Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens

text: Eldorado

text: Cirque d'hiver

text: Pasdeloup Orchestra

text: Théâtre du Châtelet

text: Concerts Colonne

text: Edgar Degas

text: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco

text: Salle Le Peletier

text: Robert le Diable

text: Montmartre

text: Jean Richepin

text: Marie Dihau

text: Le Chat noir

text: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

text: Institut de France

text: pont des Arts

text: Edgar Degas

text: Anna Judic

text: Albright–Knox Art Gallery

text: Buffalo

text: musée Toulouse-Lautrec

text: Albi

text: Musée du Luxembourg

text: francs

text: David David-Weill

text: Galerie Petit

text: Louvre

text: Musée d'Orsay

text: Désiré Dihau biography and portraits

text: Désiré Dihau

text: Désiré Dihau's discography

categories: 1909 deaths,French classical bassoonists,Conservatoire de Paris alumni,1833 births,People from Lille

paragraph: Désiré Dihau

paragraph: Désiré Dihau (2 August 1833 – 20 August 1909) was a French bassoonist and composer. He was the bassoonist painted by Edgar Degas in "" with the cellist Louis-Marie Pilet seated behind him.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Désiré Hippolyte Dihau was born 2 August 1833 in Lille. He studied music at the Conservatory of his hometown and then at the Conservatoire de Paris where he obtained a First prize of bassoon in 1857 and a second one in 1865. He was at the pulpits of the orchestras of the Théâtre-Lyrique and of the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens. He was also a solo bassoon at the Eldorado, the Cirque d'hiver of Paris for the Pasdeloup Orchestra and at the Théâtre du Châtelet for the Concerts Colonne.

paragraph: He is best known for being the bassoonist of the Paris Opera, where he played from July 1, 1862 to December 31, 1889, immortalized by Edgar Degas in the 1870 painting, ', preceded by a sketch kept at the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. Degas also depicted him in other paintings in which were present the musicians of the Salle Le Peletier, ' in 1872 and both versions, of 1871 and 1876, of the ballet of "Robert le Diable". Degas probably met Dihau at the Mère Lefebvre, in Montmartre where artists and musicians gathered. It is Dihau who introduced Degas to the opera where the painter found his strongest inspiration in the spectacle of the dancers he so often painted.

paragraph: In the early 1890s, Dihau composed melodies for his poet friends like Jean Richepin, sometimes interpreted by his sister Marie Dihau. His scores for the artists of Le Chat noir were illustrated by his cousin Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.

paragraph: For the cover of the "Vieilles Histoires", subtitled "répertoire mondain", a collection of poems by set in music by Désiré Dihau and published by Ondet in 1893, Lautrec drew a lithograph representing the musician, his bassoon under his arm, pulling the bear Goudezki by the leash to lead him to the Institut de France via the pont des Arts. The plate titled "Pour toi!", in the same collection, is a portrait of Désiré Dihau inspired by "L'Orchestre de l'Opéra" by Edgar Degas which Lautrec much admired. Another lithograph by Lautrec depicts Dihau in Anna Judic's lodge in 1894 while her corset is being laced. The lithograph is kept at the Albright–Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo. A drawing of 1896 depicts him in a bust of profile.

paragraph: Toulouse-Lautrec also painted two portraits of Désiré Dihau in 1890 and 1891: the first, simply titled "Désire Dihau", shows Dihau sitting three-quarter back, reading a newspaper; The second, entitled "Monsieur Désiré Dihau, basson de l'Opéra", represents the musician standing, in front bust, in suit and top hat. The two portraits were drawn in the garden of Père Forest (), as was a portrait of Henri Dihau, brother of Désiré and Marie and kept at the musée Toulouse-Lautrec of Albi.

paragraph: As for the Degas, they were hung in the living room of the Dihau and then, after Désiré's death in 1909, in the modest apartment that his sister occupied For lack of money, she sold her first portrait painted by Degas at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York in 1922. Not wanting to part with the other two Degas paintings she owned, "The Opera Orchestra" and her portrait on the piano, she gave them to the Musée du Luxembourg in 1923, subject to usufruct and the payment of an annual rent of 12,000 francs, financed by David David-Weill for "L'Orchestre" and Marcel Guérin (art critic) for the portrait. Faced with the enthusiasm raised during an exhibition in 1924 at the Galerie Petit, by the two works, which had never before been shown to the public, apart from a few artists and some relatives of the Dihau like Toulouse-Lautrec, the contract was bought by the Louvre where they were exhibited after the death of Marie Dihau in 1935. They were transferred to the Musée d'Orsay in 1986.

paragraph: Désiré Dihau died in Paris 20 August 1909.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Désiré Dihau biography and portraits

paragraph: BULLET::::- Désiré Dihau in Musée Toulouse Lautrec

paragraph: BULLET::::- Désiré Dihau's discography on Discogs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Degas, Toulouse-Lautrec and Désiré Dihau Portraits of a bassoonist and his bassoon

description: French composer and bassoonist

wikidata_label: Désiré Dihau

wikipedia_title: Désiré Dihau


text:
Pedra de Lume
island of Sal
Praia
Dany Silva
RTP Madeira
mb Records
Lusafrica
CVMA

categories: 1960 births,Cape Verdean singers,Morna (music) singers,Cape Verdean composers,Coladeira singers,Cape Verdean musicians,Living people

paragraph: Mirri Lobo

paragraph: Mirri Lobo (b. May 22, 1960) is a Cape Verdean singer, musician, composer and producer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mirri Lobo was born Emilio Rito de Sousa Lobo in the village of Pedra de Lume in the island of Sal to Emílio de Sousa Lobo and Cacilda Brito de Sousa Lobo.

paragraph: He became a composer, he later revealed his talent for music at an early age. He adopted his nickname Mirri which is the element of the first two letters of his first names and has two rs with an r in the middle. At the age of 19, he went into obligatory military service in the capital city of Praia.

paragraph: After finishing his military service in 1981, he returned to his native sland, Mirri Lobo added a local music band "Clave do Sal" ("Key of Sal"), a company featuring greatest music and composers, including Antero Simas and Chiquinho Évora.

paragraph: In 1982, he participate in a tour known as "Todo o Mundo Canta", having classified as the first place at a local level and second at the national level.

paragraph: Mirri Lobo always liked the music as a Hobby until 1987 where he recorded his first album "Alma Violão", produced by Dany Silva.

paragraph: With a diversed repertory between musicians and composers of today and some classics in the record "Alma Violão", it became a large success with a special emphasis for the recording the song "Bela", at the highest level in all the tops on the country's radios.

paragraph: In 1987, and its sequence of successd of his first album, he was invited to take part at a folklore music festival presented by RTP Madeira.

paragraph: Between 1988 and 2009, he recorded three more solo albums and took part in two joint works. His 1995 album were released on mb Records and his 1999 album was released on Lusafrica. Some of these were recorded by his former band members of Clave do Sal.

paragraph: In 2010, he made his next solo album in twelve years titled "Caldera Preta", featuring three unpublished tracks, it mainly marked his triumphal return of Mirri Lobo. One of the tracks includes "Incmenda d'Terra" which gained success in all of social communication and had considered the greatest musical success of the last decade in the nation.

paragraph: In 2012, the sequence of his successful album "Caldera Preta", Mirri Lobo was nominated five categories at the 2012 CVMA, he won in four of its categories including Best Male Voice, Best Acoustic Album, Best Coladera and Best Music of the Year.

paragraph: Other than his music career, he worked in agriculture.

description: Cape Verdean singer, composer and producer

wikidata_label: Mirri Lobo

wikipedia_title: Mirri Lobo


text:
Armée Nationale Congolaise
Bakongo
Mayombe
Belgian Congo
Force Publique
adjutant
Joseph Kasa-Vubu
Armée Nationale Congolaise
Léopoldville
Élisabethville
Katanga
Luluabourg
United Nations
peacekeepers
grand funeral

categories: People from Kongo Central,1913 births,Democratic Republic of the Congo military personnel,People of the Congo Crisis,Soldiers of the Force Publique,Kongo people

paragraph: Justin Kokolo

paragraph: Justin Kokolo-Longo (1913 – 21 November 1960) was a Congolese military officer who briefly served as deputy chief of staff of the Armée Nationale Congolaise.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Justin Kokolo was born into a Bakongo family in 1913 in Mayombe, Belgian Congo. He voluntarily enlisted in the Force Publique in 1936, quickly reaching the ranks of corporal and sergeant. He was one of four Congolese soldiers in the entire army to achieve the rank of adjutant before the independence of the Congo. Kokolo maintained close connections with President Joseph Kasa-Vubu, a fellow Mukongo, who sought his protection from undisciplined troops. On 8 July 1960 Kokolo, as the most senior of the adjutants, was appointed by the Congolese government to be commander of the Camp Léopold II garrison. He soon thereafter achieved the rank of colonel and became deputy chief of staff of the army—renamed the Armée Nationale Congolaise. On 11 July Kokolo was dispatched from Léopoldville to Élisabethville, Katanga to oversee the "Africanisation" of the garrison's officers. However, that evening the provincial government seceded from the Congo and Kokolo was immediately expelled from its territory upon his arrival. From there he flew to Luluabourg to report on the situation to the president and prime minister.

paragraph: On 21 November Kokolo attempted to force his way into the Ghanaian embassy in Léopoldville to carry out an extradition order against the "chargé d'affaires". United Nations peacekeepers on guard resisted, and in the ensuing conflict Kokolo and three of his men were killed. Once news of his death broke, soldiers rioted throughout the city. Kokolo was accorded a grand funeral along with his men, which garnered in upwards of 100,000 mourners throughout the capital. Camp Léopold II was renamed in his honor.

wikidata_label: Justin Kokolo

wikipedia_title: Justin Kokolo


text: American football

text: wide receiver

text: Alabama Crimson Tide

text: Deerfield Beach High School

text: Deerfield Beach, Florida

text: touchdowns

text: 247Sports Composite

text: University of Alabama

text: Alabama

text: A-Day spring game

text: Fresno State

text: Georgia

text: Ole Miss

text: Arkansas

text: Missouri

text: Clemson

text: consensus first-team All-American

text: first-team All-SEC

text: Fred Biletnikoff Award

text: A. J. Brown

text: Alabama Crimson Tide bio

categories: 1999 births,Sportspeople from the Miami metropolitan area,Players of American football from Florida,Alabama Crimson Tide football players,American football wide receivers,People from Deerfield Beach, Florida,Living people

paragraph: Jerry Jeudy

paragraph: Jerry Jeudy (born April 24, 1999) is an American football wide receiver for the Alabama Crimson Tide.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Jeudy attended Deerfield Beach High School in Deerfield Beach, Florida. As a senior in 2016, he had 76 receptions for 1,054 yards and 15 touchdowns. Jeudy was rated as a five star recruit, the third highest rated wide receiver in the country and 21st highest rated recruit overall by the 247Sports Composite. He committed to the University of Alabama to play college football on July 28, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Jeudy enrolled early at Alabama and participated in spring practice for the 2017 season. He was named the MVP of Alabama's A-Day spring game after catching five passes for 134 yards and two touchdowns. Jeudy caught his first career pass in Alabama's second game of the season against Fresno State. In Alabama's victory over Georgia in the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship, he had one reception for 20 yards. In total, Jeudy amassed 14 receptions for 264 yards and two touchdowns during his true freshman season.

paragraph: During the spring before his sophomore season in 2018, it was reported that Jeudy underwent surgery for a meniscus injury, and would have to miss part of spring practice. He was fully recovered in time for fall camp, saying "I feel great, actually. I forgot I got injured to be real." Jeudy was named third-team preseason All-SEC at SEC Media Days.

paragraph: Jeudy caught six touchdown passes in Alabama's first three games of the 2018 season, including a 136-yard, two-touchdown performance against Ole Miss. He had 135 yards and two touchdowns against Arkansas on October 6, and the next week set a career high with 147 yards and a touchdown against Missouri. He had 139 yards and a touchdown in Alabama's loss to Clemson in the 2019 College Football Playoff National Championship.

paragraph: Jeudy was named a consensus first-team All-American and first-team All-SEC. He was awarded the Fred Biletnikoff Award as the nation's best wide receiver. His 14 receiving touchdowns led the conference and was tied for third nationally, and his 1,315 receiving yards were second in the conference behind Ole Miss's A. J. Brown.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: While he was a senior in high school in 2016, Jeudy's seven year old sister died.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alabama Crimson Tide bio

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Jerry Jeudy

wikipedia_title: Jerry Jeudy


text:
blues
harmonica
Chicago blues
jump blues
swing
soul jazz
cross
chromatic
Inglewood, California
George "Harmonica" Smith
Hollywood Fats
Junior Watson
Rick Holmstrom
W.C. Handy Award
Alligator Records
Dick Shurman
Hollywood Fats
Junior Watson
Alligator
Hollywood Fats
Rick Holmstrom
Al Blake
Barry Levenson
Kid Ramos
Ronnie Earl
Junior Watson
Andy Kaulkin
John "Juke" Logan

categories: American blues harmonica players,1951 births,Harmonica blues musicians,1996 deaths,Musicians from Inglewood, California

paragraph: William Clarke (musician)

paragraph: William Clarke (March 21, 1951 – November 2, 1996) was an American blues harmonica player and singer. He was chiefly associated with the Chicago blues style of amplified harmonica, but also incorporated elements of jump blues, swing, and soul jazz into his playing. Clarke was a master of both cross and chromatic harmonica styles and many consider him among the blues harmonica greats.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Clarke was born in Inglewood, California, on March 21, 1951. In 1967, he began playing harmonica and was soon performing in Los Angeles-area clubs. He struck up an association with blues harmonica virtuoso George "Harmonica" Smith and the two began playing regularly together in 1977; their partnership lasted until Smith died in 1983.

paragraph: In 1978, Clarke recorded his first album, "Hittin' Heavy". Other albums on small labels followed, including "Blues from Los Angeles" (1980) and "Can't You Hear Me Calling" (1983). Los Angeles blues musicians Hollywood Fats, Junior Watson, and others backed Clarke for two of his 1980s albums on Satch and Rivera Records, which are now considered classics. From 1985 to 1988, he toured with Rick Holmstrom. His 1987 album "Tip of the Top" was nominated for a W.C. Handy Award. Clarke sent a demo tape to Alligator Records, who subsequently offered him a recording contract. "Blowin' Like Hell", his debut for Alligator, was released in 1990, and he followed the release with international touring. "Must Be Jelly", a song from the album, won a Handy award for "Blues Song of the Year". Several well-received albums for Alligator followed; 1996's "The Hard Way" received a Handy award for "Best Contemporary Blues album".

paragraph: Clarke's lifestyle and constant touring led to health problems. After collapsing onstage in Indianapolis, Indiana, he took steps to improve his health. However, he died after a performance in Fresno, California, on November 2, 1997. Dick Shurman, a blues writer and producer, commented:

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hittin' Heavy" (Good Time, 1978) – with Hollywood Fats

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blues from Los Angeles (The 1980s)" (Hittin' Heavy, 1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Can't You Hear Me Calling" (Watch Dog, 1983; re-released on Rivera; CD reissue: Watch Dog, 2011) – with Junior Watson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Smokey Wilson & the William Clarke Band" (Black Magic (Netherlands), 1986; re-released 1990; CD reissue: Black Magic, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tip of the Top" (Satch, 1987; re-released on Double Trouble (Netherlands); CD reissues: King Ace, 2000; Watch Dog, 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rockin' the Boat" (Rivera, 1988; CD reissue: Watch Dog, 2011) – live album

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blowin' Like Hell" (Alligator, 1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Serious Intentions" (Alligator, 1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Groove Time" (Alligator, 1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Hard Way"' (Alligator, 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deluxe Edition" (Alligator, 1999) – compilation

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Now That You're Gone (William Clarke 1951–1996)" (Watch Dog, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live In Germany" (Watch Dog, 2005) – with John Marx

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Early Years, Volume 1: 1978–1985" (Watch Dog, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Early Years, Volume 2: 1985–1991" (Watch Dog, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "One More Again!" (Watch Dog, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Double Dealin"' (Bluebeat, 2010) – recorded 1983 with Junior Watson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live Bootleg Cassette Anthology" (Watch Dog, 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blues From Los Angeles (1980–1991, Volume 1)" (Watch Dog, 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blues From Los Angeles (1980–1991, Volume 2)" (Watch Dog, 2012)

paragraph: Section::::Former band members/sidemen.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guitar: Hollywood Fats, Craig Printup, Steve Samuels, Joel Foy, Alex Schultz, Zach Zunis, Rick Holmstrom, John Marx, Al Blake, Barry Levenson, Kid Ramos, Jeff Ross, Greg Verginio, Steve Kilman, Bruce Thorpe, Ronnie Earl, Junior Watson, Little Henry Carvajal, Paul Bryant

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bass: Willie Brinlee, Johnny Young, Flaco Medina, Tyler Pederson, Rick Reed, Bill Stuve

paragraph: BULLET::::- Drums: Eddie Clark, Jimi Bott, Lee Campbell, John Moore, Bob Newham, Jerry Monte, Brian Fahey, Perry Lopez

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano: Steve F'dor, Fred Kaplan, Andy Kaulkin, John "Juke" Logan, Rob Rio

description: American blues harmonica player

wikidata_label: William Clarke

wikipedia_title: William Clarke (musician)


text:
scientist
environmentalist
Great Yarmouth
zoology
botany
University of Wales
Cardiff
Nature Conservancy Council
Environment Agency
Mike Hands
Crymlyn Bog
Neath
Swansea
Friends of the Earth
Judicial Review
Site of Special Scientific Interest
Pant-y-Sais Fen
Wales
Norfolk
Halvergate Marshes
Environmentally Sensitive Area
Norfolk and Suffolk Broads 1988 Act
Madagascar
QIT-Fer et Titane
Rio Tinto Group
titanium dioxide
Petriky Forest
Channel 4
Open Media
Jonathan Kaplan
Welsh

categories: 1949 births,1994 deaths,English environmentalists

paragraph: Andrew Lees (environmentalist)

paragraph: Andrew John Lees (8 June 1949 – 31 December 1994) was a scientist, and environmentalist. He was born at Sandown Nursing Home, Great Yarmouth, the eldest of the four sons of Edward Andrew Lees, who was a Great Yarmouth Borough Councillor and Hotelier and his wife Beryl Lees (née Whiteley).

paragraph: He studied zoology, botany and philosophy at the University of Wales in Cardiff receiving an honours degree in 1971. He then spent a period working for the Nature Conservancy Council (NCC).

paragraph: In 2006 Lees was placed 43rd in the UK Environment Agency's all-time list of scientists, campaigners, writers, economists and naturalists who, in its view, have done the most to save the planet. Lees was positioned between murdered Brazilian environmentalist, Dionisio Ribeiro Filho and tropical ecologist Mike Hands.

paragraph: Section::::Lowland fens of Swansea.

paragraph: His campaigning as an environmentalist started in 1978. He started a campaign to stop tipping at Crymlyn Bog which straddles the county boundaries between Neath and Swansea being used as a landfill site. In 1981 working alongside Friends of the Earth, he obtained permission from the courts to proceed with a Judicial Review regarding the failure of the NCC to notify part of the bog as a protected Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). The NCC conceded the case and the site was given protection. Crymlyn Bog achieved international protected status as a Ramsar Site in 1993.

paragraph: The northern limb of the bog, Pant-y-Sais Fen, was also protected as a result of his campaigning. It was already being filled with rubbish but working with local residents he persuaded the local council to compulsorily purchase the fen as nature reserve. This was the first, and only time a site has been purchased in this way to become a nature reserve.

paragraph: Section::::Norfolk Broads.

paragraph: He left Wales in 1981 and returned to Norfolk. In 1982 he helped form Broadlands Friends of the Earth and became its Chairman. He lobbied government and campaigned in the media over threats facing the Halvergate Marshes.In 1986, after much campaigning large areas were designated an Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA). Later after much public pressure The Norfolk and Suffolk Broads 1988 Act was passed. It created The Broads Authority as a Special Statutory Authority which has a special duty to "conserve and enhance the natural beauty of the Broads".

paragraph: Section::::Campaigner.

paragraph: In 1985, Andrew Lees was appointed as Friends of the Earth (EWNI)'s campaigner for the countryside and pesticides and became the pollution and toxics campaigner in 1986.

paragraph: In 1990 Andrew became Friends of the Earth's National Campaigns Director. He was a great believer in involving local people in finding solutions to conservation issues - a technique that had been so successful at Pant y Sais.

paragraph: Section::::Madagascar.

paragraph: In 1994, he started a campaign on the littoral forests in Madagascar. QIT-Fer et Titane, a mining company owned by Rio Tinto Zinc (now the Rio Tinto Group) wanted to strip mine for titanium dioxide. Just before Christmas in 1994 he went to Madagascar to make a documentary film.

paragraph: On New Year's Eve, he went into the Petriky Forest alone to shoot a final piece of film and failed to return. After an extensive search his body was found in a small clearing on 7 January. His disappearance as a prominent British environmentalist had created much media interest in the UK and there was speculation of foul play. However his camera equipment was discovered intact with his body and an autopsy showed that he died of heat exhaustion. Following his death, the Andrew Lees Trust was set up in 1995 to develop and implements social and environmental education projects. These specifically aim to involve local communities so that they can reduce their own poverty whilst conserving the valuable environmental aspects. It also helps Malagasy professionals to better plan projects at local and national level to value the unique environment of Madagascar.

paragraph: By the time of his death Andrew had become a well-known figure in Britain, not only in environmental circles, but with the wider public. As a result, his obituary was carried in all the major broad-sheets. In 1996 Channel 4 broadcast a documentary called "Natural Causes", made by Open Media, in which Jonathan Kaplan retraces Lees' last visit to Madagascar.

paragraph: A memorial to Andrew Lees was erected by local residents at Pant-y-Sais Fen, It is in the car park which is sited where the rubbish tip was being started when the site was purchased by the council. It carries the Welsh words "Da was, Da a Ffyddlon" ( a Good Servant, Good and Faithful) and a quotation from him, "At some point I had to stand up and be counted. Who speaks for the butterflies?"

description: British environmentalist

wikidata_label: Andrew Lees

wikipedia_title: Andrew Lees (environmentalist)


text:
New Zealand
rally car
Asia-Pacific Rally Championship
Australian Rally Championship
FISA
Subaru Legacy
Prodrive
Pukekohe
Auckland
Humber 80
possum
Race to the Sky
Subaru
RX
Legacy
Legacy Australia
Impreza WRX
Subaru World Rally Team
Rally New Zealand
Australia
Indonesia
Kenneth Eriksson
Impreza WRX STi
Dr. Rodger "Roj" Freeth
Rally Australia
Dunedin Public Hospital
Race to the Sky
Cardrona
Wanaka
Subaru Forester
Jeep Cherokee
Mike Barltrop
PWRC
Obituary - from The Age
Obituary - AFP
Possum Bourne Motorsport
News story about who was to blame
Interview with Barltrop
Mike Barltrop arrested

categories: Road incident deaths in New Zealand,2003 deaths,World Rally Championship drivers,1956 births,New Zealand rally drivers

paragraph: Possum Bourne

paragraph: Peter Raymond George "Possum" Bourne (13 April 1956 – 30 April 2003) was a champion New Zealand rally car driver. He died under non-competitive circumstances while driving on a public road that was to be the track for an upcoming race.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: He was a three-time winner of the Asia-Pacific Rally Championship and the Australian Rally Championship seven times consecutively, amongst many other titles. In 1993 he became the first New Zealand resident to have a works contract in a FISA rally championship, when he drove a Subaru Legacy for Prodrive.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Bourne lived in Pukekohe, Auckland, near his workshop. He lived with his wife, Peggy Bourne, and three children, Taylor, Spencer, and Jazlin. Bourne earned his nickname, "Possum", on the night he crashed his mother's Humber 80 while trying to avoid a possum in the middle of the road.

paragraph: His autobiography, "Bourne to Rally", was completed just days before his death. A bronze memorial statue of Bourne, unveiled a year after his death, stood overlooking the event he loved the most. The statue was moved to Pukekohe town square in April 2013, unveiled alongside the 2013 ITM 400 V8 Championship parade. In 2005, Peggy Bourne entered Race to the Sky, despite having had no formal rally driving experience, as a tribute to her late husband. In 2013, his oldest son Taylor Bourne competed in the 2013 Possum Bourne Memorial Rally with his stepfather and MP Mark Mitchell as co-driver. When Taylor completed the event, he went on to say "It's easy understand why he loved it so much".

paragraph: Section::::Car of choice.

paragraph: Bourne was best known for his exploits behind the wheel of Subaru cars, initially the RX (the turbocharged version of the Leone), then the Legacy (rebadged as the Liberty for the Australian market because of a perceived clash with charity organisation Legacy Australia).

paragraph: But it would be the Impreza WRX that he would become most associated with, driving for the Subaru World Rally Team in Rally New Zealand, Australia and also in Indonesia, partnered by Kenneth Eriksson in the mid 1990s, before going on to win multiple Australian titles with his own team.

paragraph: Subaru Japan gave him a black, limited edition Subaru Impreza WRX STi for personal use.

paragraph: Section::::Death of Rodger Freeth.

paragraph: Bourne's best friend and co-driver, Dr. Rodger "Roj" Freeth, died in a horrible accident during 1993 Rally Australia, and the crash almost ended Bourne's career. After encouragement from the Freeth family, he returned to the driver's seat. After Freeth's death, Bourne displayed a "ROJ" license plate on the front of his rally cars.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Bourne received serious head injuries in a non-competitive car crash on 18 April 2003, and died in Dunedin Public Hospital on 30 April 2003 after life support was withdrawn. He was driving the Race to the Sky track, on the Waiorau Snow Farm Road which is normally a public road, for the event held in Cardrona, near Wanaka, New Zealand. Driving his Subaru Forester, he collided head on with a Jeep Cherokee driven by rally driver Mike Barltrop who claimed that Bourne was speeding. This treacherous road has over 100 corners and at least 15 hairpins, hence its appeal for rally driving. Barltrop was later arrested on a dangerous driving charge. After pleading guilty to aggravated careless use causing death, Barltrop was sentenced in the Invercargill District Court to 300 hours' community work, disqualified from driving for 18 months, and ordered to pay $10,000 reparations, divided between the intensive care unit of Dunedin Public Hospital and the Possum Bourne Education trust.

paragraph: At the time of his death, Bourne had just re-entered the world stage, driving a production-class Subaru Impreza in the PWRC.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary - from The Age

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary - AFP

paragraph: BULLET::::- Possum Bourne Motorsport

paragraph: BULLET::::- News story about who was to blame

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Barltrop

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mike Barltrop arrested

alias:
Peter Raymond George Bourne
Peter Raymond George "Possum" Bourne

description: New Zealand racecar driver

wikidata_label: Possum Bourne

wikipedia_title: Possum Bourne


text: University of St Andrews

text: bohemian

text: Edinburgh

text: Scottish enlightenment

text: Walter Ruddiman

text: Robert Burns

text: Scottish English

text: Scots language

text: leid

text: vennel

text: Royal Mile

text: North Bridge

text: Aberdeenshire

text: High School

text: High School of Dundee

text: University of St Andrews

text: clan Fergusson

text: Thomas Tullideph

text: Royal Navy

text: Auld Meldrum

text: copyist

text: William Wallace

text: elegy

text: David Gregory

text: Giusto Fernando Tenducci

text: Artaxerxes

text: air

text: Weekly Review

text: satirical

text: pastoral

text: William Shenstone

text: epistle

text: long poem

text: Virgil

text: Georgics

text: Gavin Douglas

text: Cape Club

text: Craig's Close

text: David Herd

text: Alexander Runciman

text: Jacob More

text: Henry Raeburn

text: depression

text: John Cunningham

text: asylum

text: Newcastle

text: backend

text: Bedlam Theatre

text: Canongate Kirkyard

text: Robert Gilfillan

text: Robert Louis Stevenson

text: Scott Monument

text: Princes Street

text: Robert Burns

text: Canongate Churchyard

text: David Annand

text: urban

text: pastoral

text: satirist

text: nationalist

text: Allan Ramsay

text: makar

text: Robert Garioch

text: Sydney Goodsir Smith

text: Andrew Duncan

text: Royal Edinburgh Hospital

text: Robert Chambers

text: Alexander Grosart

text: David Irving

text: "Famous Scots Series"

text: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier

text: Scottish English

text: Matthew McDiarmid

text: James Robertson

text: Habbie stanza

text: Scottish literature

text: Scots language

text: Thomas Chatterton

text: Robert Fergusson Society

text: Portrait of Fergusson

text: Alexander Runciman

text: National Gallery of Scotland

text: Makars' Court

text: Writers' Museum, Lawnmarket, Edinburgh

text: The Saltire Society

text: The Scottish Poetry Library

categories: Scottish poets,Scots Makars,18th-century Scottish poets,Writers from Edinburgh,People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh,18th-century Scottish writers,1774 deaths,People of the Scottish Enlightenment,1750 births,Alumni of the University of St Andrews,Lallans poets,People educated at the High School of Dundee,Burials at the Kirk of the Canongate

paragraph: Robert Fergusson

paragraph: Robert Fergusson (5 September 1750 – 16 October 1774) was a Scottish poet. After formal education at the University of St Andrews, Fergusson led a bohemian life in Edinburgh, the city of his birth, then at the height of intellectual and cultural ferment as part of the Scottish enlightenment. Many of his extant poems were printed from 1771 onwards in Walter Ruddiman's "Weekly Magazine", and a collected works was first published early in 1773. Despite a short life, his career was highly influential, especially through its impact on Robert Burns. He wrote both Scottish English and the Scots language, and it is his vivid and masterly writing in the latter "leid" for which he is principally acclaimed.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Robert Fergusson was born in Cap and Feather Close, a vennel off Edinburgh's Royal Mile, later demolished to make way for what is today the southern abutment of the North Bridge. His parents, William and Elizabeth (née Forbes), were originally from Aberdeenshire, but had moved to the city two years previously. He was the third of three surviving children by them.

paragraph: Fergusson received formal schooling at the city's High School and then the High School of Dundee. He joined, leading to the University of St Andrews with the assistance of a clan Fergusson bursary in September 1765. In March 1768, Principal Thomas Tullideph (nicknamed "Pauly Tam") was minded to expel Fergusson due to his part in a "student riot" but was dissuaded by Prof Wilkie due to Fergusson's imminent graduation (May 1768) and because Fergusson promised to help Wilkie organise lecture notes. In fact, Fergusson did not graduate but this was not uncommon and bore no shame. He did keep his word and aided Prof Wilkie over the summer writing the poem "Eclogue" to his memory later in life.

paragraph: In late summer of 1768 Fergusson returned to Edinburgh. His father had died the previous year, his sister Barbara had married, and his older brother Harry had recently left Scotland, enlisting with the Royal Navy after a business failure. This probably left Fergusson, who had not completed his studies, to support their mother. Any possibility of family support from his maternal uncle, John Forbes of Round Lichnot near Auld Meldrum, ceased when his uncle permanently disowned him after a quarrel. Fergusson, who had rejected the church, medicine and law as career options open to him due to his university training, finally settled in Edinburgh as a copyist, the occupation of his father.

paragraph: Section::::Literary career.

paragraph: There is good evidence that Fergusson had already been developing literary ambitions as a student at St Andrews where he claimed to have begun drafting a play on the life of William Wallace. His earliest extant poem, also written at this time, is a satirical elegy in Scots on the death of David Gregory, one of the university's professors of maths.

paragraph: Fergusson involved himself in Edinburgh's social and artistic circles mixing with musicians, actors, artists and booksellers who were also publishers. His friend, the theatre-manager William Woods, regularly procured him free admission to theatre productions and in mid-1769 Fergusson struck up a friendship with the Italian castrato singer Giusto Fernando Tenducci, who was touring with a production of Artaxerxes. Fergusson's literary debut came when Tenducci asked him to contribute Scots airs for the Edinburgh run of the opera. Fergusson supplied three, which were performed and published with the libretto.

paragraph: After February 1771 he began to contribute poems to Walter Ruddiman's "Weekly Review". These at first were generally conventional English language works that were either satirical or fashionably pastoral in the manner of William Shenstone. His first Scots poem to be published ("The Daft Days") appeared on 2 January 1772, and from that date on he submitted works in both languages.

paragraph: Popular reception for his Scots work, as evidenced in a number of verse epistles in its praise, helped persuade Ruddiman to publish a first general edition of his poems which appeared in early 1773 and sold around 500 copies, allowing Fergusson to clear a profit.

paragraph: In mid-1773 Fergusson attempted his own publication of "Auld Reekie", now regarded as his masterpiece, a vivid verse portrait of his home city intended as the first part of a planned long poem. It demonstrated his ambition to further extend the range of his Scots writing. This also included an aspiration to make Scots translations of Virgil's Georgics, thus following in the footsteps of Gavin Douglas. However, if any drafts for such a project were made, none survive. The poet was a hard self-critic and is known latterly to have destroyed manuscripts of his writing.

paragraph: Section::::Clubs.

paragraph: Fergusson was a member of the Cape Club which regularly assembled at a tavern in Craig's Close. Each member had a name and character assigned to him, which he was required to maintain at all gatherings. David Herd (1732–1810), the collector of the classic edition of "Ancient and Modern Scottish Songs" (1776), was "sovereign" of the Cape (in which he was known as "Sir Scrape") when Fergusson was dubbed a knight of the order, with the title of "Sir Precentor", in allusion to his fine voice. Alexander Runciman, the historical painter, his pupil Jacob More, and Sir Henry Raeburn were all members. The old minute books of the club abound with pencilled sketches by them, one of the most interesting of which, ascribed to Runciman, is a sketch of Fergusson in his character of "Sir Precentor".

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Fergusson's literary energy and active social life were latterly overshadowed by what may have been depression although there are likely to have been other factors. From around mid-1773 his surviving works appear to become more darkly melancholic. In late 1773, in his "Poem to the Memory of John Cunningham" which was written on hearing news of the death of that poet in an asylum in Newcastle, Fergusson expressed fears of a similar fate.

paragraph: His fears were founded. Around the backend of the year 1774, after sustaining a head injury in circumstances that are obscure (he fell heavily down a flight of stairs in Edinburgh, according to his epitaph), Fergusson was submitted against his will into Edinburgh's Darien House "hospital" (close to today's eponymous Bedlam Theatre), where, after a matter of weeks, he suddenly died. He had only just turned 24. He was buried in an unmarked grave on the west side of the Canongate Kirkyard.

paragraph: The poet Robert Burns privately commissioned and paid for a memorial headstone of his own design, which was erected in 1787. The stone was restored in April 1850 by the poet Robert Gilfillan. In the later nineteenth century, Robert Louis Stevenson intended to renovate the stone, but died before he could do so. The epitaph that Stevenson planned to add to the stone is recorded on a plaque added to the grave by the Saltire Society on the Society's 50th anniversary in 1995.

paragraph: Section::::Memorials.

paragraph: Fergusson is one of the sixteen Scottish poets and writers depicted on the lower section of the Scott Monument on Princes Street. He appears on the right side of the west face, opposite Robert Burns.

paragraph: A plaque was erected in his memory in St Giles Cathedral in the 1930s.

paragraph: An independent statue outside Canongate Churchyard was unveiled on 17 October 2004, following a competition for a memorial to Fergusson. The sculptor was David Annand.

paragraph: Questions about the life and work of Fergusson were answered as a specialist subject on an edition of Mastermind on BBC2 broadcast on 25 September 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Overview and influence.

paragraph: Fergusson's literary output was both urban and pastoral in equal degree. He was often an effective satirist and generally nationalist in themes and outlook. Although small, his canon stands as an important artistic and linguistic bridge between the generation of Allan Ramsay (1686–1758) and most later writers in Scots. His bilingual career was the acknowledged inspiration for the career of Robert Burns. Many leading makars of the twentieth century, such as Robert Garioch or Sydney Goodsir Smith, similarly recognised his importance. More widely, however, his legacy has tended to be unjustly neglected.

paragraph: Many works by Burns either echo or are directly modelled on works by Fergusson. For example, "Leith Races" unquestionably supplied the model for Burns' "Holy Fair". "On seeing a Butterfly in the Street" has reflections in it which strikingly correspond with "To a Mouse". Comparisons, such as between Fergusson's "The Farmer's Ingle" and Burns' "The Cottar's Saturday Night", often demonstrate the creative complexity of the influence.

paragraph: Fergusson's life also had one important non-literary influence. The brutal circumstances of the poet's death prompted one of his visitors in Darien House, the young doctor Andrew Duncan (1744–1828), to pioneer better institutional practices for the treatment of mental health problems through the creation of what is today the Royal Edinburgh Hospital.

paragraph: Section::::Editions.

paragraph: Ruddiman's 1773 edition of Fergusson's work was reprinted in 1779 with a supplement containing additional poems. A second edition appeared in 1785. There are later editions, by Robert Chambers (1850) and Alexander Grosart (1851). A life of Fergusson is included in David Irving's "Lives of the Scottish Poets", and in Robert Chambers's "Lives of Illustrious and Distinguished Scotsmen". Grosart also contributed a biography of Fergusson for the "Famous Scots Series", (Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1898).

paragraph: Modern editions of Fergusson include the definitive two-volume collection of his works in both Scots and Scottish English, edited by the scholar Matthew McDiarmid, "The Poems of Robert Fergusson", published in the 1950s, and "Robert Fergusson, Selected Poems", a popular edition of the poetry in Scots, edited by the author James Robertson and first published around the turn of the present century.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Habbie stanza

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scots language

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Chatterton

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Fergusson Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrait of Fergusson by Alexander Runciman in the National Gallery of Scotland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Fergusson is commemorated in Makars' Court outside The Writers' Museum, Lawnmarket, Edinburgh. Selections for Makars' Court are made by The Writers' Museum, The Saltire Society and The Scottish Poetry Library.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Video footage of Robert Fergusson's grave

description: Scottish poet and writer

wikidata_label: Robert Fergusson

wikipedia_title: Robert Fergusson


text:
1968 Summer Olympics
Olga Karasyova

categories: Olympic silver medalists for the Soviet Union,Gymnasts at the 1968 Summer Olympics,Living people,1946 births,Olympic medalists in gymnastics,Russian male artistic gymnasts,Olympic gymnasts of the Soviet Union,Soviet male artistic gymnasts,Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Valery Karasyov

paragraph: Valery Nikolayevich Karasyov (; born 23 September 1946) is a retired Russian gymnast. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in all artistic gymnastics events and won a silver medal in the team competition. Individually his best result was fifth place in the floor exercise. At the world championships Karasyov won team silver medals in 1966 and 1970. He married Olga Karasyova, a Russian gymnast who also competed at the 1968 Olympics.

description: Russian Artistic gymnast

wikidata_label: Valery Karasyov

wikipedia_title: Valery Karasyov


text:
Tamil
Eesan
Easan
Maruthavelu
Thanjai Selvi Speaks about Easan

categories: Tamil playback singers,Indian female film singers,Indian folk singers,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people,Indian female folk singers

paragraph: Thanjai Selvi

paragraph: Thanjai Selvi is a Tamil singer. She is popular for her rendering of folk songs. She had begun her career in Tamil cinema with the song "Jilla Vittu" from the movie "Eesan".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Thanjai Selve has so far sung the following songs. "Jilla vittu" from Easan (won Vijay Award for best folk song that year) and "Maruthani" from Maruthavelu are popular ones.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thanjai Selvi Speaks about Easan

description: Tamil singer

wikidata_label: Thanjai Selvi

wikipedia_title: Thanjai Selvi


text:
American
poet
teacher
translator
Calvin College
University of Edinburgh
University of Maryland, College Park
Hart Crane Memorial Poetry Contest
Pieter Jelles Prize
Friesland
Columbia University Translation Prize
Frisian
National Endowment for the Arts
Yaddo
Atlanta Review
Beltway Poetry Quarterly
Field
Many Mountains Moving
Plum Review
Poet Lore
Washington, DC
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Montague, Michigan
Gordon Darrah
Eerdmans
Eerdmans
Dryad Press
Dryad Press
Eerdmans
Eerdmans
Author's official website
Five poems by Jellema
Beltway Poetry Quarterly

categories: Alumni of the University of Edinburgh,People from Montague, Michigan,University of Maryland, College Park faculty,American people of Frisian descent,Translators to English,1927 births,Living people,American male poets

paragraph: Rod Jellema

paragraph: Rod Jellema (1927 – 2018) was an American poet, teacher, and translator.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He held a B.A. from Calvin College and a PhD from the University of Edinburgh (Scotland).

paragraph: Jellema began teaching at the University of Maryland, College Park in 1955, where he founded and directed the creative writing program. He is currently Professor Emeritus.

paragraph: He was the author of five books of poetry and three translations. His work was awarded the Hart Crane Memorial Poetry Contest, the Pieter Jelles Prize (Piter Jellespriis) (Friesland) and a Columbia University Translation Prize for his translations of Frisian poetry. He was the recipient of fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts, and Yaddo. His work appeared in various publications including "Atlanta Review", "Beltway Poetry Quarterly", "Field", "Many Mountains Moving", "Plum Review", and "Poet Lore".

paragraph: He divided his time between Washington, DC, San Juan, Puerto Rico, and the Lake Michigan dunelands near Montague, Michigan.

paragraph: He had been working on an early history of New Orleans jazz titled "Really Hot: A New Hearing for Old New Orleans Jazz" (co-authored with the late Gordon Darrah).

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Incarnality: The Collected Poems of Rod Jellema" (Eerdmans 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Slender Grace: Poems" (Eerdmans, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Eighth Day: New & Selected Poems" (Dryad Press, 1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Something Tugging the Line" (Dryad Press, 1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lost Faces" (Dryad Press), 1979

paragraph: Translations

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sound That Remains: A Historical Collection of Frisian Poetry" (Eerdmans, 1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Country Fair: Poems from Friesland Since 1945" (Eerdmans, 1985)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Author's official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Five poems by Jellema in "Beltway Poetry Quarterly"

description: American poet

wikidata_label: Rod Jellema

wikipedia_title: Rod Jellema


text:
sinicised
Jurchen
Jin dynasty
Wanyan Zonggan
Aguda (Emperor Taizu)
Emperor Xizong
coup d'état
Acheng District
Harbin
Heilongjiang Province
Beijing
sinicisation
Battle of Caishi
Southern Song dynasty
Emperor Shizong
Wanyan Zonggan
Aguda (Emperor Taizu)
Emperor Taizong
a series of wars
Song
Emperor Xizong
coup d'état
Song dynasty
Emperor Taizong
Han Chinese
Temple of Earth
Temple of Heaven
Beijing
Ming
Qing
imperial examination
Imperial Academy
Mandate of Heaven
Acheng District
Harbin
Heilongjiang Province
Beijing
Tang
Khitan
Southern Song dynasty
Tangdao
Caishi
Yangtze River
Wulu
Wanyan Zonggan
Empress Cixian
Empress Tushan
Consort Yuan
Tangkuo Dingge
Tangkuo Shigge
Wanyan Zongwang
Wanyan Zongbi
Wanyan Zongjun
Pucha Chacha
Wanyan Guangying
Wanyan Yuanshou
Shensi'abu
Wanyan Guangyang
History of Beijing

categories: 1161 deaths,Jin dynasty (1115–1234) emperors,1122 births,12th-century Chinese monarchs

paragraph: Wanyan Liang

paragraph: Digunai (24 February 1122 – 15 December 1161), also known by his sinicised name Wanyan Liang and his formal title Prince of Hailing (or Hailing Wang), was the fourth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty, which ruled northern China between the 12th and 13th centuries. He was the second son of Wanyan Zonggan (完顏宗幹), the eldest son of Aguda (Emperor Taizu) (the founder of the Jin dynasty). He came to power in 1150 after overthrowing and murdering his predecessor, Emperor Xizong, in a "coup d'état". During his reign, he moved the Jin capital from Shangjing (present-day Acheng District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province) to Yanjing (present-day Beijing), and introduced a policy of sinicisation. In 1161, after the Jin dynasty lost the Battle of Caishi against the Southern Song dynasty, Digunai's subordinates rebelled against him and assassinated him. After his death, even though he ruled as an emperor during his lifetime, he was posthumously demoted to the status of a prince – "Prince Yang of Hailing" – in 1162 by his successor, Emperor Shizong. However, in 1181, Emperor Shizong further posthumously demoted him to the status of a commoner, hence he is also known as the "Commoner of Hailing".

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Digunai was the second son of Woben (斡本; also known as Wanyan Zonggan 完顏宗幹), a son of Aguda (Emperor Taizu), the founder of the Jin dynasty. Emperor Taizu's brother and successor, Emperor Taizong, started a series of wars between the Jin and Song dynasties. During the reign of Emperor Xizong, who succeeded Emperor Taizong, Wanyan Zonggan was described as the most influential man in the Jin imperial court.

paragraph: Digunai, who was an army marshal under Emperor Xizong, overthrew the emperor in a "coup d'état" in 1150 and replaced him. Having seized the throne through illegitimate means, Digunai was suspicious of other members of the Jurchen aristocracy, and, immediately upon taking the throne, started eliminating potential rivals. He ordered the massacre of the descendants of Emperor Taizong, so as to secure the position of the lineage of Emperor Taizu, to which he belonged.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Digunai capitalised on the Jin dynasty's "superior status" "vis-à-vis" the Song dynasty after its victory over the latter in 1141, and sought to make the Jin dynasty the sole Chinese empire. To legitimise himself as a sinicised ruler, in 1150 he lifted Emperor Taizong's prohibition of wearing Han Chinese dress, and adopted an array of Han Chinese practices and institutions, such as holding of sacrificial ceremonies in the northern and southern suburbs of his capital in 1149 ("cf." ceremonies conducted at the Temple of Earth and Temple of Heaven in Beijing during the Ming and Qing dynasties), the use of the imperial carriage in 1151, a system of feudal rights in 1156, and the Song dynasty's "shan-hu" (山呼) style of court ceremonies in 1157. Digunai also introduced the imperial examination system in 1150 and set up the Imperial Academy in the following year. In his pursuit for greater sinicisation and the desire to acquire the Mandate of Heaven, Digunai moved his imperial court from Shangjing (present-day Acheng District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province to Yanjing (present-day Beijing) in 1153. In 1157, he ordered the destruction of the imperial palaces in Shangjing.

paragraph: In contrast to the traditions of the Tang and Song dynasties, which rarely imposed corporal punishment on the members of the society's educated elites, Digunai continued the Khitan and Jurchen tradition of floggings with gusto, sometimes enjoying personally watching his subjects – including chancellors, censors, and a princess – beaten with poles or whips.

paragraph: Section::::Assassination.

paragraph: Digunai's attempts to conquer the Southern Song dynasty and unify China under the Jin dynasty's rule ended in failure when his fleet was defeated by Song forces at the battles of Tangdao and Caishi in 1161. Many of his officers defected and in some places the people rebelled against him. His subordinates conspired against him and assassinated him on 15 December 1161 in a military camp near the Yangtze River. Digunai's cousin, Wulu, who had led a rebellion against Digunai's rule, was proclaimed the new emperor.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Woben (斡本), sinicised name Wanyan Zonggan (完顏宗幹)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: Lady Da (大氏), posthumously honoured as Empress Cixian (慈憲皇后)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spouse: Empress Tushan (徒單皇后), bore Alubu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concubines:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Da (大氏), Consort Yuan (元妃), bore Wanyan Yuanshou

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tangkuo Dingge (唐括定哥), Consort Gui (貴妃)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Xiao (蕭氏), Consort Chen (宸妃)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Yelü (耶律氏), Consort Li (麗妃)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tangkuo Shigge (唐括石哥), Consort Li (麗妃), Tangkuo Dingge's sister, bore Wanyan Shensi'abu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pucha Alihu (蒲察阿里虎), Consort Zhao (昭妃)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alan (阿懶), Consort Zhao (昭妃)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Yelü (耶律氏), Consort Rou (柔妃)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Yelü (耶律氏), "Zhaoyuan" (昭媛)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Gao (高氏), "Xiuyi" (修儀)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Nan (南氏), "Cairen" (才人), bore Wanyan Guangyang

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shigu (什古), Princess Shouning (壽寧縣主), Consort Zhao (昭妃), Wanyan Zongwang's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pula (蒲剌), Princess Jingle (靜樂縣主), Consort Shu (淑妃), Wanyan Zongbi's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shigu'er (師姑兒), Consort Shu (淑妃), Wanyan Zongjun's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaliguzhen (莎里古真), Princess Huntong (混同郡君), Consort Gui (貴妃)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chongjie (重節), Lady of Cheng (郕國夫人), Consort Zhao (昭妃)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nailahu (奈剌忽), Consort Yuan (元妃), ex-wife of Zhang Ding'an (張定安)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tangkuo Puluhuzhi (唐括蒲魯胡只), Consort Li (麗妃), cousin of Tangkuo Dingge and Tangkuo Shigge

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pucha Chacha (蒲察叉察), daughter of Princess Qingyi (慶宜公主)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alubu (阿魯補), sinicised name Wanyan Guangying (完顏光英), Crown Prince (太子)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wanyan Yuanshou (完顏元壽), Prince of Chong (崇王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shensi'abu (矧思阿補), Prince of Su (宿王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wanyan Guangyang (完顏廣陽), Prince of Teng (滕王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henü (合女), Princess of Rong (榮國公主), married Tushan Sila (單術斯剌)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughter, name unknown, married Xiao Yu's (蕭玉) son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughter, name unknown, married Wugulun Yi (烏古論誼)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Beijing

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jing-shen Tao, "The Jurchen in Twelfth-Century China". University of Washington Press, 1976, .

description: emperor of the Jin Dynasty (1115–1234)

wikidata_label: Emperor Hailingwang of Jin

wikipedia_title: Wanyan Liang


text:
samurai
Mizusawa Domain
Mutsu Province
Iwate Prefecture
Sugita Genpaku
Edo
Nagasaki
Philipp Franz von Siebold
Watanabe Kazan
Tokugawa shogunate
Morrison Incident
Sengoku Period
Machi-bugyō
jitte
Katsu Kaishū
Ōshū, Iwate
Edo period
National Historic Site
Prominent People of Minato City
Choei Takano Memorial Hall

categories: Rangaku,People of Edo-period Japan,1804 births

paragraph: Takano Chōei

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Chōei was born as Gotō Kyōsai, the third son of Gotō Sōsuke, a middle-ranking samurai in Mizusawa Domain of Mutsu Province in what is now part of Iwate Prefecture. At an early age, however, he was adopted by his uncle Takano Gensai who had studied medicine under Sugita Genpaku and influenced Chōei to follow in the same profession. He first studied medicine in Edo in 1820 after winning money in a lottery that he used to pay his way. There he first studied under Sugita Hakugen, then Yoshida Chōshuku, who gave him the name Chōei. After the death of his teacher in 1824 he took over some of the teaching duties in the school.

paragraph: A year later he left for Nagasaki to study under Philipp Franz von Siebold. There he paid for his education by writing papers about Japanese life and culture for von Siebold, gathering plants and translating books from Dutch to Japanese. One of his fellow students was Watanabe Kazan. After the school was shut down and von Siebold expelled from Japan in 1828, Chōei was forced to flee. He finally settled in Edo in 1830 where he wrote his "Fundamentals of Western Medicine". There he was reunited with Watanabe Kazan, and both attended meetings of "Shōshikai", a study group of intellectuals interested in foreign affairs.

paragraph: In 1838 Chōei married and then published "Yumemonogatari" ("The Tale of a Dream"), a book critical of the Tokugawa shogunate's handling of the 1837 Morrison Incident. Since he was of samurai status he was dealt with harshly by the authorities and sent to the Kodenmachō prison where he spent five years of his life sentence in the commoners' section. While in prison he wrote a treatise on Western learning in Japan called "Bansha Sōyaku Shōki" ("A Short Record of a Meeting with Misfortune"). The book examines the history of Western knowledge entering Japan from the Sengoku Period to the 1830s. In 1844 he arranged to have a fire started in the prison and made his escape. He then spent the rest of his life in hiding using various aliases. At one point he is said to have poured acid on his face to disguise his appearance and elude arrest.

paragraph: He returned to Edo in March 1850 and lived in hiding in Aoyama Hyakunin-cho (present-day Minami Aoyama). The area had a concentration of official residences of the Shōgun's foot soldiers and Chōei ran a medical practice under a false name. However, on the last day of October in the same year, an informant told police official where he was hiding, and the Edo Machi-bugyō sent a number of men to arrest him. The actual course of events is uncertain, but Chōei was severely beaten with "jitte" as he resisted arrest and was killed. Official reports stated that he drew a dagger and stabbed himself in the neck during the melee.

paragraph: A stone monument, inscribed with “The hiding place of Doctor Chōei Takano,” commemorates the location, and his grave at the temple of Zenko-ji in Kita-Aoyama has an inscription by Katsu Kaishū.

paragraph: Section::::Takano Choei former residence.

paragraph: The house where Chōei lived until he left for Edo at the age of 17 in Ōshū, Iwate has been preserved as a memorial museum. This Edo period samurai residence was designated a National Historic Site. on April 13, 1933. The house was extensively restored in 1876, but retains two rooms facing the front courtyard on the west side in the original condition in which they were used by Chōei. However, as the house is in private hands, the rooms are not normally open to the public.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Practical Pursuits: Takano Choei, Takahashi Keisaku, and Western Medicine in Nineteenth Century Japan", Ellen Gardner Nakamura; Harvard University Press, 2005

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prominent People of Minato City

paragraph: BULLET::::- Choei Takano Memorial Hall

alias:
Takano Choei
Takano Chouei

description: Japanese physician

wikidata_label: Takano Chōei

wikipedia_title: Takano Chōei


text:
Newton, Massachusetts
American
singer
songwriter
musician
rock and roll
New England
New York City
Broadway
Hair
composer
record producer
Jeff Barry
Steed
record label
songwriting
song
Lay a Little Lovin' on Me
chart
one-hit wonder

categories: 1947 births,American male singers,Songwriters from Massachusetts,American singers,Living people,Musicians from Boston

paragraph: Robin McNamara

paragraph: Robin McNamara (born May 5, 1947, Newton, Massachusetts) is an American singer, songwriter and musician.

paragraph: In 1963, while in tenth grade, McNamara formed a rock and roll group with a few school mates; they christened their band Robin and the Hoods, performing locally in the New England area with McNamara as the lead vocalist.

paragraph: In the late 1960s, McNamara relocated to New York City, where he became a cast member of the Broadway musical "Hair", playing the lead role of Claude from 1969-71. In 1969, he was introduced to composer/record producer Jeff Barry, who signed him to his Steed record label.

paragraph: Together with McNamara's then songwriting partner Jim Cretecos, they wrote a song called "Lay a Little Lovin' on Me", which McNamara took to #11 on Billboard's Hot 100 survey in the summer of 1970. Lack of further chart success ended dubbed McNamara a one-hit wonder.

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Robin McNamara

wikipedia_title: Robin McNamara


text:
Raetia
Gallic Empire
Postumus
Augsburg Victory Altar
Semnones

paragraph: Marcus Simplicinius Genialis

paragraph: Marcus Simplicinius Genialis was a Roman governor and military leader during the third century CE.

paragraph: He was the governor of Raetia in 260 when he defected to the Gallic Empire and brought the province under the rule of Postumus. He erected the Augsburg Victory Altar in 260 to commemorate the victory over the Semnones.

description: Roman governor and military leader

wikidata_label: Marcus Simplicinius Genialis

wikipedia_title: Marcus Simplicinius Genialis


text:
Rayagada district
Rayagada
Odisha
Sorang Sompeng
Govt. portal of Orissa

categories: Possibly living people,People from Rayagada district,Language activists,Creators of writing systems,1916 births

paragraph: Mangei Gomango

paragraph: Mangei Gomango popularly known as Pandita Sabara Mangei Gamango is said to have devised the tribal language of Rayagada district. He has been awarded by Odisha Sahitya Academy.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Gomango was born on 16 June 1916 in Marichaguda, Rayagada, Odisha. He is regarded as the inventor of Soura Lilp(dialect). The Saura script Sorang Sompeng was developed by Mangei Gamang in 1966 for spreading the language. As a mark of respect, people called him "Pandita Sabara" (scholar).

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: The temple of Matarabnam in Marichaguda played a great role in the invention of the script. It is believed that there the Sorang Sompeng alphabet came to him in a vision on 18 June 1936. He was a poet, Arurvedic scholar and a reformer too. In 1936, he established a press in Puthasahi of Gunupur Sub division for spreading the script he invented.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Govt. portal of Orissa

description: inventor of Soura Lilp (dialect)

wikidata_label: Mangei Gomango

wikipedia_title: Mangei Gomango


text:
General
KT
Sir John Dalrymple, 4th Baronet
Viscounts of Oxfuird
Oxenfoord Castle
John Dalrymple, 7th Earl of Stair
general
British Army
Midlothian
Scottish peerage
House of Lords
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Knight of the Thistle
Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan
North Dalrymple

categories: 1771 births,Earls of Stair,1853 deaths,46th Regiment of Foot officers,Knights of the Thistle,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies

paragraph: John Dalrymple, 8th Earl of Stair

paragraph: General John Hamilton Dalrymple, 8th Earl of Stair KT (14 June 1771 – 10 January 1853), known as Sir John Dalrymple, 5th Baronet, between 1810 and 1840, was a British soldier and politician.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Stair was the son of Sir John Dalrymple, 4th Baronet, and Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Hamilton-Makgill and heiress and representative of the Viscounts of Oxfuird (or Oxenfoord). In 1810 he succeeded in the baronetcy, and inherited Oxenfoord Castle, on the death of his father. In March 1840 following the death of his 2nd cousin John Dalrymple, 7th Earl of Stair, who died without issue, he inherited the title of Earl of Stair.

paragraph: Section::::Military and political career.

paragraph: Stair was a general in the British Army. In 1832 he was returned to Parliament for Midlothian, as seat he held until 1835. He succeeded a distant relative as eighth Earl of Stair in 1840. As this was a Scottish peerage it did not entitle him to an automatic seat in the House of Lords. However, in 1841 he was created Baron Oxenfoord, of Cousland in the County of Edinburgh, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, which gave him a seat in the upper chamber of parliament. The peerage was created with special remainder to his younger brother. The choice of title was in honour of the title held by his mother's family, Viscount of Oxfuird of Oxenfoord. In 1847 he was further honoured when he was appointed a Knight of the Thistle.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lord Stair was twice married. He married firstly Harriet, daughter of Reverend Robert Augustus Johnson, in 1795. After her death in 1823 he married secondly the Hon. Adamina, daughter of Admiral Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan, in 1825. Both marriages were childless. Lord Stair died in January 1853, aged 81, and was succeeded in his titles (in the barony of Oxenfoord according to the special remainder) by his younger brother, North Dalrymple. The Countess of Stair died in August 1857.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: John Dalrymple, 8th Earl of Stair

wikipedia_title: John Dalrymple, 8th Earl of Stair


text: Horatio Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford

text: Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford

text: Member of Parliament

text: Wigan

text: King's Lynn

text: House of Lords

text: James Tunstall

text: Horatio

categories: British MPs 1784–1790,British MPs 1790–1796,UK MPs 1802–1806,UK MPs 1801–1802,UK MPs 1807–1812,1752 births,UK MPs 1806–1807,British MPs 1796–1800,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,1822 deaths,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies,Politics of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan,British MPs 1780–1784,Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom

paragraph: Horatio Walpole, 2nd Earl of Orford

paragraph: Horatio Walpole, 2nd Earl of Orford (13 "or" 24 June 1752 – 15 June 1822), styled The Honourable Horatio Walpole between 1757 and 1806 and Lord Walpole between 1806 and 1809, was a British peer and politician.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Orford was the son of Horatio Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, son of Horatio Walpole, 1st Baron Walpole of Wolterton, brother of Prime Minister Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford. His mother was Lady Rachel, daughter of William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire. He gained the courtesy title Lord Walpole when the earldom of Orford was revived in favour of his father in 1806.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Orford was elected Member of Parliament for Wigan in 1780, a seat he held until 1784, and then represented King's Lynn between 1784 and 1809. The latter year he succeeded his father in the earldom and entered the House of Lords.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lord Orford was twice married. He married firstly Sophia, daughter of Charles Churchill, in 1781. After her death in 1797 he married secondly Catherine, daughter of Reverend James Tunstall, in 1806. She died in the following year. Lord Orford survived her by 15 years and died in June 1822. He was succeeded in the earldom by his son, Horatio.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Horatio Walpole, 2nd Earl of Orford

wikipedia_title: Horatio Walpole, 2nd Earl of Orford


text:
DL
Horatio Walpole, 2nd Earl of Orford
Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford
Member of Parliament
King's Lynn
House of Lords
William Augustus Fawkener
Lady Dorothy Nevill
Frederick Walpole
Horatio

categories: UK MPs 1820–1826,Deputy Lieutenants of Norfolk,UK MPs 1812–1818,UK MPs 1818–1820,Fellows of the Royal Society,1783 births,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,1858 deaths,UK MPs 1807–1812

paragraph: Horatio Walpole, 3rd Earl of Orford

paragraph: Horatio Walpole, 3rd Earl of Orford DL (14 June 1783 – 29 December 1858), styled Lord Walpole between 1809 and 1822, was a British peer and politician.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Orford was the eldest son of Horatio Walpole, 2nd Earl of Orford, and Sophia, daughter of Charles Churchill by his wife Lady Maria (or Mary) Churchill, daughter of Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford by his mistress, later his 2nd wife Maria Skerett. The Countess of Orford was thus granddaughter of Sir Robert Walpole, and brought his line of descent into these related earls. His grandfather, Horatio 1st Baron Walpole of Wolterton was Sir Robert Walpole's brother.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Orford succeeded his father as Member of Parliament for King's Lynn in 1809, and the held the seat until 1822. The latter year he also succeeded his father in the earldom and entered the House of Lords.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lord Orford married Mary, daughter of William Augustus Fawkener, in 1812. They had several children, including Lady Dorothy Nevill and the Hon. Frederick Walpole. Orford died in December 1858, aged 75, and was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, Horatio. Lady Orford died in February 1860.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Horatio Walpole, 3rd Earl of Orford

wikipedia_title: Horatio Walpole, 3rd Earl of Orford