text: poet

text: literary critic

text: The New Age

text: A. R. Orage

text: First World War

text: Katherine Mansfield

text: Wyndham Lewis

text: Max Jacob

text: Montparnasse

text: Amedeo Modigliani

text: Seated Nude

text: Charles Beadle

text: bohemian

text: Robert Scholes

text: Theosophy

text: Helena Blavatsky

text: plagiarism

text: skeptics

text: "Volume 1"

text: "Volume 2"

text: Royal Academy of Arts

text: The Modernist Journals Project

categories: 1943 deaths,Suicides in England,LGBT novelists,English literary critics,Writers who committed suicide,Suicides by gas,Women critics,English occult writers,1879 births,Poets who committed suicide,Bisexual writers,Bisexual women,Literary critics who committed suicide,English Theosophists,English women novelists,People from Hackney Central,LGBT writers from England,LGBT poets,English women poets

paragraph: Beatrice Hastings

paragraph: Beatrice Hastings was the pen name of Emily Alice Haigh (27 January 1879 – 30 October 1943) an English writer, poet and literary critic. Much of her work was published in "The New Age" under a variety of pseudonyms, and she lived with the editor, A. R. Orage, for a time before the outbreak of the First World War. Bisexual, she was a friend and lover of Katherine Mansfield, whose work was first published in "The New Age". Another of her lovers was Wyndham Lewis.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in London and raised in South Africa, just before the war, she moved to Paris and became a figure in bohemian circles due to her friendship with Max Jacob. She shared an apartment in Montparnasse with Amedeo Modigliani and sometimes posed for him, such as in his 1916 "Seated Nude".

paragraph: Another friend was adventure novelist Charles Beadle, with whom she had several things in common. He grew up in Hackney, spent time in South Africa (participating in the Boer War as a member of the British South African Police), and published several novels about bohemian life in Paris. When Beadle came to America, from Paris, in November 1916, he listed Hastings as his nearest friend in Paris.

paragraph: Towards the end of her life she felt excluded from the literary recognition she felt her due, and blamed Orage, whom she accused of conspiring to keep her out of literary circles in Britain, and she published a pamphlet, "The Old New Age", bitterly criticising him in 1936. In 1943, probably suffering from cancer, she killed herself with gas from a domestic cooker.

paragraph: Literary critic Robert Scholes has noted that "Hastings, who was an important presence on the "New Age" editorial staff before the war, had an unhappy life that ended in suicide, never receiving the recognition as a writer that she sought."

paragraph: Section::::Theosophy.

paragraph: Hastings was a convert to Theosophy. She attempted to defend Helena Blavatsky from charges of fraud and plagiarism. In 1937, she published two volumes entitled, "Defence of Madame Blavatsky".

paragraph: Her writings on Theosophy have been criticized by skeptics. Biographer Peter Washington suggested that Hastings "suffered from delusions of literary grandeur."

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Woman's Worst Enemy – Woman", 1909

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Maids' Comedy: A Chivalric Romance in Thirteen Chapters", 1911

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Old "New Age"—Orage and Others", Blue Moon Press, 1935

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Defence of Madame Blavatsky" ("Volume 1", "Volume 2"), Hastings Press, 1937

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carswell, John, "Lives and Letters", New York, New Directions, 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johnson, Benjamin; Brown, Erika Jo, "Beatrice Hastings: On the Life & Work of a Lost Modern Master", Pleiades Press, 2016.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mairet, Philip, "A. R. Orage – A Memoir", New York, University Books, 1966.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mann, Carol, "Modigliani", New York, OUP, 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sichel, Pierre, "Modigliani", New York, Dutton, 1967.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrice Hastings: "Defence of H.P. Blavatsky"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royal Academy of Arts

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Modernist Journals Project

alias:
Beatrice Tina
D. Triformis
Alice Morning

description: British writer

wikidata_label: Beatrice Hastings

wikipedia_title: Beatrice Hastings


text: philosopher

text: traveller

text: materialistic

text: pantheism

text: Madras

text: India

text: East India Company

text: Abyssinia

text: George Washington

text: James Sharples

text: William Godwin

text: Joseph Priestley

text: Humphry Davy

text: vegetarian

text: teetotaler

text: materialist

text: pantheism

text: yogic

text: eccentric

text: John Timbs

text: Trafalgar Square

text: London

text: laudanum

text: Thomas De Quincey

text: Thomas Paine

text: Platonist

text: Thomas Taylor

text: September Massacres

text: Romantic

text: William Wordsworth

text: Nature

text: influence

text: Grevel Lindop

text: Kelly Grovier

text: Boston University

text: Oxford University Press

categories: Materialists,18th-century philosophers,19th-century British philosophers,English philosophers,19th-century British writers,1747 births,1822 deaths,18th-century British writers

paragraph: Walking Stewart

paragraph: John "Walking" Stewart (19 February 1747 – 20 February 1822) was an English philosopher and traveller. Stewart developed a unique system of materialistic pantheism.

paragraph: Section::::Travels.

paragraph: Known as 'Walking' Stewart to his contemporaries for having travelled on foot from Madras, India (where he had worked as a clerk for the East India Company) back to Europe between 1765 and the mid-1790s. Stewart is thought to have walked alone across Persia, Abyssinia, Arabia, and Africa before wandering into every European country as far east as Russia.

paragraph: Over the next three decades Stewart wrote prolifically, publishing nearly thirty philosophical works, including "The Opus Maximum" (London, 1803) and the long verse-poem "The Revelation of Nature" (New York, 1795). In 1796, George Washington's portrait-painter, James Sharples, executed a pastel likeness of Stewart for a series of portraits which included such sitters as William Godwin, Joseph Priestley, and Humphry Davy, suggesting the intellectual esteem in which Stewart was once held.

paragraph: After his travels in East India, Stewart became a vegetarian. He was also a teetotaler.

paragraph: Section::::Materialistic pantheism.

paragraph: During his journeys, he developed a unique system of materialist philosophy which combines elements of Spinozistic pantheism with yogic notions of a single indissoluble consciousness. Stewart began to promote his ideas publicly in 1790 with the publication in two volumes of his works "Travels over the most interesting parts of the Globe" and "The Apocalypse of Nature" (London, 1790).

paragraph: Historian David Fairer has written that "Stewart expounds what might be described as a panbiomorphic universe (it deserves an entirely new term just for itself), in which human identity is no different in category from a wave, flame, or wind, having an entirely modal existence."

paragraph: Section::::Retirement.

paragraph: After retiring from travelling, Stewart eventually settled in London where he held philosophical soirées and earned a reputation as one of the city's celebrated eccentrics. He was often seen in public wearing a threadbare Armenian military uniform. John Timbs described Stewart as one London's famous eccentrics.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On 20 February 1822, the morning after his seventy-fifth birthday, 'Walking' Stewart's body was found in a rented room in Northumberland Place, near present-day Trafalgar Square, London. An empty bottle of laudanum lay beside him.

paragraph: Section::::Literary influence.

paragraph: After Walking Stewart's travels came to an end around the turn of the nineteenth century, he became close friends with the English essayist and fellow-Londoner Thomas De Quincey, with the radical pamphleteer Thomas Paine, and with the Platonist Thomas Taylor (1758-1835).

paragraph: In 1792, while residing in Paris in the weeks following the September Massacres, he made the acquaintance of the young Romantic poet William Wordsworth, who later concurred with De Quincey in describing Stewart as the most eloquent man on the subject of Nature that either had ever met. Recent scholarship by Kelly Grovier has suggested that Stewart's persona and philosophical writings had a major influence on Wordsworth's poetry.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The life and adventures of the celebrated Walking Stewart: including his travels in the East Indies, Turkey, Germany, & America. By a relative", London, E. Wheatley, 1822.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bertrand Harris Bronson, "Walking Stewart", "Essays & Studies", xiv (University of California Press, 1943), pp. 123–55.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas De Quincey, "The Works of Thomas De Quincey", ed. Grevel Lindop (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2000-), vol. xi, p. 247.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kelly Grovier, 'Dream Walker: A Wordsworth Mystery Solved', "Times Literary Supplement", 16 February 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kelly Grovier, '"Shades of the Prison House": "Walking" Stewart and the making of Wordsworth's "two consciousnesses", "Studies in Romanticism", Fall 2005 (Boston University), pp. 341–66.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barry Symonds, ‘Stewart, John (1747–1822)’, "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Oxford University Press, 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Taylor, "Walking Stewart", "Record of My Life", pp. 163–68

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gregory Claeys. "'The Only Man of Nature That Ever Appeared in the World'": 'Walking' John Stewart and the Trajectories of Social Radicalism, 1790-1822", "Journal of British Studies", 53 (2014), 1-24.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Stewart's "Sensate Matter" in the Early Republic

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Most Unlikely Man to Influence A Generation of Writers: Walking Stewart

description: British philosopher

wikidata_label: Walking Stewart

wikipedia_title: Walking Stewart


text:
World War II
Luftwaffe
strategic bombing
Giulio Douhet
Wilhelmsort
county of Bromberg
Schweidnitz
World War I
Oberste Heeresleitung
Reichsluftfahrtministerium
Chief of Staff
Strategic bomber
Junkers
Dornier
Ju 89
Dornier Do 19
"Ural Bomber"
Ernst Udet
Hans Jeschonnek
Junkers Ju 87
Heinkel He 111
Dornier Do 17
Junkers Ju 88
Ural Bomber
He 117
Berlin
Dresden
Luftkriegsschule Klotzsche
Karl Litzmann
Heinkel He 70 Blitz
gust lock
stalled
ground loop
RLM
Heinkel He 177
Kampfgeschwader 4
Heinkel He 177
Walther Wever
The Ural bomber Concept: Wever's Dream

categories: People from the Province of Posen,Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Germany,Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents,1936 deaths,Knights of the House Order of Hohenzollern,Knights 1st class of the Albert Order,Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1936,Lieutenant generals of the Luftwaffe,Knights 1st class of the Friedrich Order,People from Bydgoszcz County,Prussian Army personnel,German military personnel of World War I,People from the Province of Westphalia,1887 births

paragraph: Walther Wever (general)

paragraph: Walther Wever (11 November 1887 – 3 June 1936) was a pre-World War II "Luftwaffe" Commander. He was an early proponent of the theory of strategic bombing as a means to wage war, while opposing the theories of Giulio Douhet. He died in an air crash in 1936.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Walther Wever was born on 11 November 1887 in Wilhelmsort in the county of Bromberg (now in north-central Poland). He was the son of Arnold Wever, the one-time director of a Berlin bank and the grandson of the Prussian Prosecutor-General Dr. Carl George Wever. After his final secondary examinations, he settled in Schweidnitz where he trained as an officer.

paragraph: Wever saw action in World War I and served as a staff officer for the OHL (Oberste Heeresleitung, Army High Command).

paragraph: Section::::Luftwaffe.

paragraph: Wever became the Commander of the Reichsluftfahrtministerium on 1 September 1933. On 1 March 1935, he became Chief of Staff of the Luftwaffe shortly after its creation on 26 February 1935, a post he held until his death.

paragraph: Wever was a supporter of the Strategic bomber and recognised its importance as early as 1934. He supported the aviation companies such as Junkers and Dornier, in their respective projects to produce the Ju 89 and Dornier Do 19 competitors for the "Ural Bomber" production contract competition.

paragraph: Wever outlined five key points to air strategy:

paragraph: 1. To destroy the enemy air force by bombing its bases and aircraft factories, and defeating enemy air forces attacking German targets.2. To prevent the movement of large enemy ground forces to the decisive areas by destroying railways and roads, particularly bridges and tunnels, which are indispensable for the movement and supply of forces3.To support the operations of the army formations, independent of railways, i.e, armored forces and motorised forces, by impeding the enemy advance and participating directly in ground operations.4. To support naval operations by attacking naval bases, protecting Germany's naval bases and participating directly in naval battles5. To paralyze the enemy armed forces by stopping production in the armaments factories.

paragraph: However, after his death, other strategists, like Ernst Udet and Hans Jeschonnek favored smaller aircraft as they did not expend as much material and manpower. They were proponents of the dive-bomber (Junkers Ju 87) and the doctrine of close support and destruction of the opposing air forces on the 'battle-ground' rather than through attacking enemy industry.

paragraph: As a result, high-speed medium-bombers such as the Heinkel He 111, Dornier Do 17, and Junkers Ju 88 were developed, with much initial success. While some large strategic bomber programs were initiated, most notable the Ural Bomber project, which morphed into the He 117 Program, without a proponent of strategic bombing in the upper echelons of the Luftwaffe, the programs saw little progress, and would ultimately be developed too late into the war to have any meaningful effect.

paragraph: On 3 June 1936 Wever flew from Berlin to Dresden, to give a lecture at the "Luftkriegsschule Klotzsche" to a gathering of Luftwaffe cadets. When he received the news of the death of World War I German hero Karl Litzmann, he immediately set off for Berlin. On his return journey, the Heinkel He 70 Blitz that he was flying had not been properly examined during preflight checks, and the aileron gust locks were not removed. The aircraft was airborne when the wing dipped, and the Heinkel stalled and went into a horizontal cartwheel (akin to a ground loop, but at low altitude). It crashed and exploded in flames, killing Wever and his flight engineer. That same day, the RLM issued the "Bomber A" heavy bomber specification and design competition for what would become the "Luftwaffe's" only wartime heavy bomber in production and frontline service, the Heinkel He 177.

paragraph: After Wever's death, a Luftwaffe bomber wing, Kampfgeschwader 4 "General Wever" was named after him, which fittingly enough in the later war years, would be equipped with and using in combat the one aircraft created for the design competition that started on the day of General Wever's death, the Heinkel He 177A.

paragraph: His son, also named Walther Wever, was a fighter pilot who was killed in action in April 1945.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Corum, J.F. (1999). "Staerken und Schwaechen der Luftwaffe" in Mueller, R. & Volkmann, H.E. (Ed.) Die Wehrmacht: Mythos und Realitaet. Muenchen: Oldenbourg Verlag.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Corum, James S. (1997). "The Luftwaffe; Creating the Operational Air War 1918-1940". University Press of Kansas.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Griehl, Manfred & Dressel, Joachim. (1994) "Bombers of the Luftwaffe". DAG Publications.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Ural bomber Concept: Wever's Dream

description: German officer and Chief of the Luftwaffe General Staff

wikidata_label: Walther Wever

wikipedia_title: Walther Wever (general)


text:
Coutinho
Brazil
footballer
forward
Santos Futebol Clube
Pelé
Brazilian national team
1962 FIFA World Cup
Piracicaba
State of São Paulo
Santos
Luís Alonso Pérez ("Lula")
Taça Brasil
Campeonato Paulista
Copa Libertadores
Intercontinental Cup
Vitória
Bahia
Portuguesa
Atlas
Mexico
Brazil national football team
1962 FIFA World Cup
João Saldanha
Brazil national football team
1970 FIFA World Cup
Tostão
Santos, São Paulo
myocardial infarction
diabetes
hypertension
pneumonia
Campeonato Paulista
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
Copa Libertadores
1962
1963
Intercontinental Cup
1962
1963
Torneio Rio-São Paulo
FIFA World Cup
Copa Libertadores Top Scorer
1962

categories: Club Atlas footballers,FIFA World Cup-winning players,People from Piracicaba,Comercial Futebol Clube (Ribeirão Preto) managers,Liga MX players,Expatriate footballers in Mexico,Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players,Valeriodoce Esporte Clube managers,Brazilian footballers,Brazil international footballers,Santos FC players,Associação Desportiva São Caetano managers,Bonsucesso Futebol Clube managers,1962 FIFA World Cup players,Brazilian football managers,1943 births,Associação Portuguesa de Desportos players,Bangu Atlético Clube players,Brazilian expatriate footballers,2019 deaths,Esporte Clube Vitória players,Santos FC managers,Association football forwards,Esporte Clube Santo André managers

paragraph: Antônio Wilson Vieira Honório

paragraph: Antônio Wilson Vieira Honório (11 June 1943 – 11 March 2019), nicknamed Coutinho, was a Brazilian coach and footballer who played as a forward for Santos Futebol Clube, where he was a teammate and one of the best partners of Pelé, and became a member of the Brazilian national team that won the 1962 FIFA World Cup. Coutinho is Santos' third all-time top goalscorer.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Born in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo in 1943, Coutinho was spotted at the age of 13 by Santos' coach Luís Alonso Pérez ("Lula"). One year later he became part of the Santos' lower division. At the age of 13 years and 11 months, Coutinho debuted as a professional player a record never broken for any other players. His professional career at Santos took place from 1958 to 1968 and in 1970, periods during which Santos won, among other titles, five Taça Brasil and seven Campeonato Paulista titles, two Copa Libertadores, and two Intercontinental Cups. Coutinho has been named the greatest Santos' player after Pelé, with whom he formed an effective attacking duo with 1461 goals scored (370 by Coutinho).

paragraph: After his tenure at Santos, he also played for Vitória of Bahia, Portuguesa of São Paulo, and Atlas of Mexico.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: At the international level, Coutinho earned 15 caps and scored 6 goals with the Brazil national football team between 1960 and 1965. He was meant to be a starter in the 1962 FIFA World Cup squad, but he was sidelined by injury just before the tournament and did not appear, even though he remained in the squad. Brazil went on to win the title.

paragraph: In his book, "Coutinho, o Gênio da Área", Carlos Fernando Schinner states that João Saldanha tried to convince Coutinho to return to Brazil national football team few months prior to the 1970 FIFA World Cup in order to replace Tostão who was Brazil's main centre-forward at that time and had suffered a major injury putting in doubt his participation on that World Cup. Coutinho, who at that time was semi-retired and overweight, refused the invitation.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Coutinho died on 11 March 2019 in Santos, São Paulo. His death was caused by a myocardial infarction due to diabetes and hypertension. Coutinho's health had been deteriorating in recent months, and in January he had been hospitalized for pneumonia.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Club.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Santos FC

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campeonato Paulista: 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- Copa Libertadores: 1962, 1963

paragraph: BULLET::::- Intercontinental Cup: 1962, 1963

paragraph: BULLET::::- Torneio Rio-São Paulo: 1959, 1963, 1964, 1966

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:International.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brazil

paragraph: BULLET::::- FIFA World Cup: 1962

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Individual.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Copa Libertadores Top Scorer: 1962

description: Brazilian footballer and manager

wikidata_label: Antônio Wilson Vieira Honório

wikipedia_title: Antônio Wilson Vieira Honório


text:
footballer
manager
Yugoslavia
FK Bor
FK Partizan
OFK Beograd
FC Bayern Munich
RCF Paris
Stade Français Paris
1955–56
European Champion Clubs' Cup
Sporting Clube de Portugal
scored four goals
Real Madrid
national cups
1954
1957
Germany
France
Yugoslavia national football team
European youth
1951
Wales
1954
1958
OFK Beograd
FK Dubočica
Leskovac
FK Proleter
Zrenjanin
Atlas
Beşiktaş J.K.
Altay
FK Velež Mostar
1981
Balkans Cup
1981
FK Partizan
1983
Yugoslavia national team
Bora Milutinović
1958 World Cup
Milorad Milutinović
Dragoslav Šekularac
Belgrade
Yugoslav Cup
1954
1956–57
Yugoslav Cup
1980–81
Balkans Cup
1980–81
Yugoslav First League
1982–83
Profile at reprezentacija.rs

categories: Racing Club de France football Colombes 92 players,FK Partizan players,Ligue 1 players,Association football wingers,Serbian footballers,FK Partizan managers,Serbian football managers,FK Banat Zrenjanin managers,Expatriate footballers in Germany,1954 FIFA World Cup players,Yugoslav expatriate footballers,FK Velež Mostar managers,Club Atlas managers,Yugoslav football managers,Stade Français (association football) players,2003 deaths,Süper Lig managers,OFK Beograd players,Yugoslavia national football team managers,Expatriate footballers in France,Serbian expatriate footballers,Altay S.K. managers,OFK Beograd managers,Beşiktaş J.K. managers,Yugoslav footballers,Yugoslav First League players,FC Bayern Munich footballers,1933 births,Yugoslavia international footballers,People from Bajina Bašta,FK Bor players,1958 FIFA World Cup players

paragraph: Miloš Milutinović

paragraph: Miloš Milutinović (; 5 February 1933 – 28 January 2003) was a Serbian footballer and manager from Yugoslavia.

paragraph: Milutinović is regarded as one of the most talented players in his country's history and one of the most talented wingers/forwards of all time, being nicknamed "Plava čigra" (The Blond Buzzer) for his skills.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: During his club career, Milutinović played for FK Bor, FK Partizan, OFK Beograd, FC Bayern Munich, RCF Paris, and Stade Français Paris. In the 1955–56 season, he scored two goals in the first ever European Champion Clubs' Cup match, a 3–3 draw between FK Partizan and Sporting Clube de Portugal, then scored four goals in the return leg which Partizan won 5–2 in Belgrade. In the quarter-finals second leg, he scored two goals in a 3–0 win over eventual champions Real Madrid, but that was not enough to overcome Real Madrid's 4–0 win in the first leg.

paragraph: In total, he played 213 matches and scored 231 goals for FK Partizan, winning two national cups (1954 and 1957). He then moved to OFK Beograd and later to Bayern Munich. In 1959, he underwent surgery for his ongoing lung problems. He stayed one year in Germany before playing in France.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: For the Yugoslavia national football team, Milutinović was named the player of the tournament as Yugoslavia won the European youth title in 1951, finishing top scorer with four goals. He made his full international debut on 21 May 1953 against Wales, in a 5–2 victory.

paragraph: Milutinović earned 33 caps in total and represented the country in the 1954 and 1958 World Cups.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: After retirement from playing, Milutinović became a manager, and coached OFK Beograd, FK Dubočica (Leskovac), FK Proleter (Zrenjanin), Atlas, Beşiktaş J.K., Altay, FK Velež Mostar (won national cup in 1981 and Balkans Cup in 1981), FK Partizan (won national championship in 1983), and the Yugoslavia national team.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Miloš was the brother of famous coach Bora Milutinović, and brother of 1958 World Cup teammate Milorad Milutinović. In a 2006 interview, his former team-mate Dragoslav Šekularac said that "Miloš Milutinović as a player was a 9/10 and as a man was a 29/10."

paragraph: He died on 23 January 2003 in Belgrade, at the age of 69.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Club.

paragraph: Partizan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yugoslav Cup: 1954, 1956–57

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Manager.

paragraph: Velež Mostar

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yugoslav Cup: 1980–81

paragraph: BULLET::::- Balkans Cup: 1980–81

paragraph: Partizan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yugoslav First League: 1982–83

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at reprezentacija.rs

description: Serbian footballer

wikidata_label: Miloš Milutinović

wikipedia_title: Miloš Milutinović


text:
Imola
Alidosi
podestà
Bologna
Benedict XII
Roberto Alidosi

categories: Alidosi family,Lords of Italy,1350 deaths,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Lippo II Alidosi

paragraph: Lippo II Alidosi (also called Litto, died 1350) was a ruler of Imola, a member of the Alidosi family.

paragraph: He was elected "Captain of the People" of Imola in 1334, the same year in which he was "podestà" of Bologna. Two years later Benedict XII gave him the title of Papal vicar of Imola. He was the father of Roberto Alidosi.

description: Ruler of Imola

wikidata_label: Lippo II Alidosi

wikipedia_title: Lippo II Alidosi


text:
Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus'
Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus'
Vladimir-on-Kliazma
Tarnovo
Kilifarevo
Mount Athos
Hesychast
Philotheus Kokkinos
Lithuania
Muscovy
prince
Tver
Metropolitan Alexius
Moscow
Algirdas
Metropolitan
ecclesiastic
province
Alexius
eparchies
Tokhtamysh
Metropolitan Pimen
Metropolitan Dionysius
Vasili II
Lithuania
Church
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Novgorod the Great
Ioann II
biblical
Greek
Assumption Cathedral
canonize
Russian Orthodox Church
St. Kiprian Peak
Greenwich Island
South Shetland Islands
Antarctica
Nicodemus of Tismana
Saint Sava
Teodosije the Hilandarian
Elder Grigorije
Antonije Bagaš
Lazar the Hilandarian
Pachomius the Serb
Miroslav Gospel
Gabriel the Hilandarian
Constantine of Kostenets
Gregory Tsamblak
Isaija the Monk
Grigorije of Gornjak
Rajčin Sudić
Jakov of Serres
Romylos of Vidin
Jovan the Serb of Kratovo
Dimitar of Kratovo
Cyprian, Metropolitan
Encyclopedia of Ukraine

categories: Medieval Bulgarian writers,14th-century Bulgarian people,Russian saints,Bulgarian male writers,15th-century Bulgarian people,Metropolitans of Kiev and all Rus',Bulgarian emigrants to Russia,Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow,1406 deaths,1330s births,15th-century Christian saints

image: 512px-Киприан_(митрополит_Киевский).jpg

paragraph: Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev

paragraph: Cyprian (, , ) (c. 1336 – 16 September 1406) was Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus' with the Metropolitan's residence in Moscow. (The official title was Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus' until 1448, even though the metropolitans were in Vladimir-on-Kliazma and later Moscow since 1299.) He is commemorated on September 16. The Book of Degrees ("Stepénnaya kniga"), which grouped Russian monarchs in the order of their generations, was started by Cyprian in 1390(but completed only in 1563).

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Cyprian was a clergyman with Bulgarian antecedents. He is supposed to have been born in Tarnovo. As a young man Cyprian had studied at Kilifarevo, just south of Tarnovo, where a disciple of Gregory of Sinai named Theodosius of Tarnovo had founded a Hesychast monastery. Later he lived for some time at Mount Athos, becoming a Hesychast. Because of his devout lifestyle and excellent education, in 1373, Philotheus Kokkinos of Constantinople sent him to Lithuania and Muscovy on a mission to reconcile the princes of Lithuania and Tver with Metropolitan Alexius.

paragraph: When, in 1375, hostilities between Moscow and Lithuania began again, the Lithuanian princes, led by Grand Duke Algirdas asked Philotheus I to appoint Cyprian their Metropolitan. At the Constantinople Council it was decided to avoid a fragmentation of the Russian metropolia, and that “upon the death of Alexis, Cyprian should become the Metropolitan of All Rus.” Philotheus consecrated Cyprian Metropolitan of Kiev and Lithuania in order to unite both ecclesiastical provinces after the death of Alexius. Because this ordination was not recognized by Moscow, he became the metropolitan of “all Rus’" only in 1389. He resided thereafter in Moscow, although he visited Kiev and other Ukrainian eparchies.

paragraph: In 1378, Metropolitan Alexius died. As a result of the ensuing skirmishes and intrigues, Cyprian became Metropolitan of Moscow in 1381. At Moscow, Cyprian endured many sorrows from the Great Prince, so at first he lived either in Lithuania or at Constantinople.

paragraph: In 1379, however, he fled from Moscow due to the approaching armies of Tokhtamysh. Subsequently, he was removed from Russia and replaced with Metropolitan Pimen (1382–1384). The latter was succeeded by Metropolitan Dionysius (1384–1385). In 1390, Cyprian was returned to Moscow by Vasili II, who he had always supported, and appointed Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia. He held this title from 1390 till 1406. During his term his main objectives as Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia were to preserve a unified metropolitanate with Moscow and secure pith with Lithuania.

paragraph: Section::::Achievements.

paragraph: Cyprian is remembered as a wise and experienced church administrator who fought for the unity of the Russian church. In fact, he is mainly responsible for uniting the Church in Russia and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He faced serious opposition during his metropolitanate; Dmitry Donskoy and his advisors were excommunicated for opposing Cyprian's efforts to take up his place in Moscow, and Novgorod the Great – especially Archbishops Aleksei and Ioann II – also opposed his efforts to adjudicate ecclesiastical cases there, which would have allowed him to gain the court fees from Novgorod during the time he sat in judgement there.

paragraph: Cyprian was an erudite person and oversaw the copying and creation of a number of important works, including the "Troitskaia Chronicle" (or "Troitskaya letopis"') and, probably, the "Metropolitan Justice" (also known as the "Pravosudiye metropolich’ye" or Правосудие митрополичье). He also rewrote the "Life of Metropolitan Peter," originally written around 1327. He also corrected biblical books and translated a number of ecclesiastic works from Greek into Old Church Slavic.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died on September 16th, 1406. Cyprian is buried in the Assumption Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin. He was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church in the 15th century. St. Kiprian Peak on Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named for Cyprian.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicodemus of Tismana

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Sava the founder of Serbian medieval literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- Teodosije the Hilandarian (1246-1328), one of the most important Serbian writers in the Middle Ages

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elder Grigorije (fl. 1310-1355), builder of Saint Archangels Monastery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antonije Bagaš (fl. 1356-1366), bought and restored the Agiou Pavlou monastery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lazar the Hilandarian (fl. 1404), the first known Serbian and Russian watchmaker

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pachomius the Serb (fl. 1440s-1484), hagiographer of the Russian Church

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miroslav Gospel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gabriel the Hilandarian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constantine of Kostenets

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gregory Tsamblak

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isaija the Monk

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grigorije of Gornjak

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rajčin Sudić

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jakov of Serres

paragraph: BULLET::::- Romylos of Vidin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jovan the Serb of Kratovo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dimitar of Kratovo

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cyprian, Metropolitan of Moscow, Orthodox Church in America: http://oca.org/saints/lives/2016/09/16/102627-repose-of-st-cyprian-the-metropolitan-of-moscow-and-all-russia

paragraph: BULLET::::- N. F. Droblenkova and G. M. Prokhorov, “Kiprian (ok. 1330-16.IX.1406) Mitropolit Kievskii i vseia Rusi,” in D. S. Likhachev, "Slovar knizhnikov i knizhnosti drevnei Rusi", vol. 2, pt. 1, pp. 464-465.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cyprian, Metropolitan" at the "Encyclopedia of Ukraine"

paragraph: Андреев В.Ф. Из истории Русской Церкви XIV-XV веков. Митрополит св. Киприан. Великий Новгород, 2008.

description: Russian bishops

wikidata_label: Cyprian, Metropolitan of Moscow

wikipedia_title: Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev


text:
Marseille
ode
Alphonse de Lamartine
Franz Liszt
Les quatre élémens
Algeria
Odéon
Académie française
Alphonse de Lamartine
Théâtre de l'Odéon
Euripide

categories: 19th-century French poets,French male poets,1813 births,People from Marseille,Writers from Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur,1877 deaths,19th-century French male writers

paragraph: Joseph Autran

paragraph: Joseph Autran (20 June 1813 – 6 March 1877) was a French poet.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Autran was born in Marseille. In 1832 he addressed an ode to Alphonse de Lamartine, who was then at Marseille on his way to the East. Lamartine persuaded the young man's father to allow him to follow his poetic instinct, and Autran became Lamartine's faithful disciple from then on.

paragraph: His best known work is "La Mer" (1835), remodelled in 1852 as "Les Poèmes de la mer". "Ludibria ventis" (1838) followed, and the success of these two volumes gained for Autran the librarianship of his native town.

paragraph: In 1844/5 Franz Liszt, who met Autran in Marseille in 1844, set four of his poems, "La terre", "Les aquilons", "Les flots" and "Les astres", for choir as a cycle, "Les quatre élémens".

paragraph: Autran's other important work is his "Vie rurale" (1856), a series of pictures of peasant life. The Algerian campaigns inspired him with verses in honour of the common soldier. "Milianah" (1842) describes the heroic defence of that town, and in the same vein is his "Laboureurs et soldats" (1854).

paragraph: Among his other works are the "Paroles de Salomon" (1868), "Épîtres rustiques" (1861), "Sonnets capricieux", and a tragedy played with great success at the Odéon in 1848, "La Fille d'Eschyle". A definitive edition of his works was brought out between 1875 and 1881.

paragraph: He became a member of the Académie française in 1868, and died at Marseille nine years later.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Départ pour l'Orient : ode à M. Alphonse de Lamartine" (1832)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Mer : poésies" (1835)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ludibria ventis : poésies nouvelles" (1838)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'An 40 : ballades et poésies musicales, suivies de Marseille" (1840)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Milianah : poème" (1841)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Italie et Semaine sainte à Rome" (1841)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Fille d'Eschyle : étude antique en 5 actes, en vers", Paris, Théâtre de l'Odéon, 9 mars 1848

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Poëmes de la mer" (1852)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Laboureurs et soldats" (1854)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Vie rurale : tableaux et récits" (1856)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Etienne et Clémentine (1858)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Épîtres rustiques" (1861)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Poème des beaux jours" (1862)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Cyclope, d'après Euripide" (1863)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paroles de Salomon" (1869)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sonnets capricieux" (1873)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Légende des paladins" (1875)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Œuvres complètes" (1875–82)

description: French poet

wikidata_label: Joseph Autran

wikipedia_title: Joseph Autran


text: early medieval

text: Armenian

text: linguist

text: theologian

text: hymnologist

text: Armenian alphabet

text: Caucasian Albanian

text: Georgian

text: azat

text: Anania Shirakatsi

text: Taron

text: Vagharshapat

text: Koryun

text: Greek

text: Persian

text: Khosrov IV

text: holy orders

text: Holy Scriptures

text: battle-ground of Romans and Persians

text: Armenian alphabet

text: Patriarch Isaac

text: Vramshapuh

text: Sahak Partev

text: pagan

text: Shampith

text: Gospel

text: Goghtn

text: Araxes

text: Greek

text: Persian

text: Syriac

text: Mesopotamia

text: Samosata

text: Lenormant

text: Avestan

text: Georgian

text: Caucasian Albanian

text: Christianization of Iberia

text: Kartli

text: Mirian III

text: Bir el Qutt inscriptions

text: Book of Proverbs

text: Armenian literature

text: Zoroaster

text: Constantinople

text: Theodosius the Younger

text: Edessa

text: Athens

text: Antioch

text: Alexandria

text: John of Egheghiatz

text: Joseph of Baghin

text: Yeznik

text: Moses of Chorene

text: John Mandakuni

text: Septuagint

text: Origen

text: Hexapla

text: Nicæa

text: Constantinople

text: Ephesus

text: St. Basil

text: Eusebius

text: Armenians

text: Oshakan

text: Ashtarak

text: Roman Martyrology

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Yerevan

text: Matenadaran

text: Order of St. Mesrop Mashtots

text: repentance

text: Levon Mkrtchyan

text: Yuzbashyan, Karen

text: Revue des Études Arméniennes

text: Bible translations

text: Catholic Encyclopedia — Mesrop

categories: Armenian scholars,Translators of the Bible into Armenian,440 deaths,Armenian saints,People of the Sasanian Empire of Armenian descent,360 births,Armenian monks,Christians in the Sasanian Empire,4th-century Armenian people,People from Muş Province,5th-century translators,5th-century Christian saints,Armenian translators,Creators of writing systems,5th-century Armenian people

paragraph: Mesrop Mashtots

paragraph: Mesrop Mashtots ( '; ; ; ; 362February 17, 440 AD), also known as Mesrob the Vartabed, was an early medieval Armenian linguist, composer, theologian, statesman and hymnologist. He is best known for inventing the Armenian alphabet AD, which was a fundamental step in strengthening Armenian national identity. He was also the creator of the Caucasian Albanian and Georgian alphabets, according to a number of scholars and contemporaneous Armenian sources.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Mesrop Mashtots was born in a noble family ("from the house of an "azat"" according to Anania Shirakatsi) in the settlement of Hatsekats in Taron (identified as the village of Hac'ik in the Mush plain), and died in Vagharshapat. He was the son of a man named Vardan. Koryun, his pupil and biographer, tells us that Mashtots (in his work he does not mention the name Mesrop) received a good education, and was versed in the Greek and Persian languages. On account of his piety and learning Mesrop was appointed secretary to King Khosrov IV. His duty was to write in Greek and Persian characters the decrees and edicts of the sovereign.

paragraph: Leaving the court for the service of God, he took holy orders, and withdrew to a monastery with a few chosen companions. There, says Koryun, he practiced great austerities, enduring hunger and thirst, cold and poverty. He lived on vegetables, wore a hair shirt, slept upon the ground, and often spent whole nights in prayer and the study of the Holy Scriptures. This life he continued for a few years.

paragraph: Armenia, so long the battle-ground of Romans and Persians, lost its independence in 387, and was divided between the Byzantine Empire and Persia, about four-fifths being given to the latter. Western Armenia was governed by Byzantine generals, while an Armenian king ruled, but only as feudatory, over Persian Armenia. The Church was naturally influenced by these violent political changes, although the loss of civil independence and the partition of the land could not destroy its organization or subdue its spirit. Persecution only quickened it into greater activity, and had the effect of bringing the clergy, the nobles, and the common people closer together. The principal events of this period are the invention of the Armenian alphabet, the revision of the liturgy, the creation of an ecclesiastical and national literature, and the readjustment of hierarchical relations. Three men are prominently associated with this work: Mesrop, Patriarch Isaac, and King Vramshapuh, who succeeded his brother Khosrov IV in 389. In 394, with the help of blessing of Armenia's Catholicos, Sahak Partev, Mesrop set out on a mission of spreading the word of God to a pagan or semi-pagan people.

paragraph: Mesrop, as noted, had spent some time in a monastery preparing for a missionary life. With the support of Prince Shampith, he preached the Gospel in the district of Goghtn near the river Araxes, converting many heretics and pagans. However, he experienced great difficulty in instructing the people, for the Armenians had no alphabet of their own, instead using Greek, Persian, and Syriac scripts, none of which were well suited for representing the many complex sounds of their native tongue. Again, the Holy Scriptures and the liturgy, being written in Syriac, were, to a large extent, unintelligible to the faithful. Hence the constant need of translators and interpreters to explain the Word of God to the people.

paragraph: Mesrop, desirous to remedy this state of things, resolved to invent a national alphabet, in which undertaking Isaac and King Vramshapuh promised to assist him. It is hard to determine exactly what part Mesrop had in the fixing of the new alphabet. According to his Armenian biographers, he consulted Daniel, a bishop of Mesopotamia, and Rufinus, a monk of Samosata, on the matter. With their help and that of Isaac and the king, he was able to give a definite form to the alphabet, which he probably adapted from the Greek. Others, like Lenormant, think it derived from the Avestan. Mesrop's alphabet consisted of thirty-six letters; two more (long O and F) were added in the twelfth century.

paragraph: Medieval Armenian sources also claim that Mashtots invented the Georgian and Caucasian Albanian alphabets around the same time. However, most scholars link the creation of the Georgian script to the process of Christianization of Iberia, a core Georgian kingdom of Kartli. The alphabet was therefore most probably created between the conversion of Iberia under King Mirian III (326 or 337) and the Bir el Qutt inscriptions of 430, contemporaneously with the Armenian alphabet.

paragraph: The first sentence in Armenian written down by St. Mesrop after he invented the letters is said to be the opening line of Solomon’s Book of Proverbs:

paragraph: The invention of the alphabet in 405 was the beginning of Armenian literature, and proved a powerful factor in the upbuilding of the national spirit. "The result of the work of Isaac and Mesrop", says St. Martin, "was to separate for ever the Armenians from the other peoples of the East, to make of them a distinct nation, and to strengthen them in the Christian Faith by forbidding or rendering profane all the foreign alphabetic scripts which were employed for transcribing the books of the heathens and of the followers of Zoroaster. To Mesrop we owe the preservation of the language and literature of Armenia; but for his work, the people would have been absorbed by the Persians and Syrians, and would have disappeared like so many nations of the East".

paragraph: Anxious that others should profit by his discovery, and encouraged by the patriarch and the king, Mesrop founded numerous schools in different parts of the country, in which the youth were taught the new alphabet. It is historically proven, that Saint Mesrop himself taught in Amaras monastery of Artskah region of Armenia (located in contemporary Martuni region of unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic). But his activity was not confined to Eastern Armenia. Provided with letters from Isaac he went to Constantinople and obtained from the Emperor Theodosius the Younger permission to preach and teach in his Armenian possessions. Having returned to Eastern Armenia to report on his missions to the patriarch, his first thought was to provide a religious literature for his countrymen. Having gathered around him numerous disciples, he sent some to Edessa, Constantinople, Athens, Antioch, Alexandria, and other centres of learning, to study the Greek language and bring back the masterpieces of Greek literature. The most famous of his pupils were John of Egheghiatz, Joseph of Baghin, Yeznik, Koryun, Moses of Chorene, and John Mandakuni.

paragraph: The first monument of this Armenian literature is the version of the Holy Scriptures. Isaac, says Moses of Chorene, made a translation of the Bible from the Syriac text about 411. This work must have been considered imperfect, for soon afterwards John of Egheghiatz and Joseph of Baghin were sent to Edessa to translate the Scriptures. They journeyed as far as Constantinople, and brought back with them authentic copies of the Greek text. With the help of other copies obtained from Alexandria the Bible was translated again from the Greek according to the text of the Septuagint and Origen's "Hexapla". This version, now in use in the Armenian Church, was completed about 434.

paragraph: The decrees of the first three councils — Nicæa, Constantinople, and Ephesus — and the national liturgy (so far written in Syriac) were also translated into Armenian, the latter being revised on the liturgy of St. Basil, though retaining characteristics of its own. Many works of the Greek Fathers also passed into Armenian. The loss of the Greek originals has given some of these versions a special importance; thus, the second part of Eusebius's "Chronicle," of which only a few fragments exist in the Greek, has been preserved entirely in Armenian. In the midst of his literary labors Mesrop revisited the districts he had evangelized in his earlier years, and, after the death of Isaac in 440, looked after the spiritual administration of the patriarchate. He survived his friend and master by only six months. The Armenians read his name in the Canon of the Liturgy, and celebrate his memory on 19 February.

paragraph: Saint Mashtots is buried at a chapel in Oshakan, a historical village southwest from the town of Ashtarak.

paragraph: Saint Mesrop is listed officially in the "Roman Martyrology" of the Roman Catholic Church; his feast day is February 17.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Virtually every town in Armenia has a street named after Mashtots. In Yerevan, Mashtots Street is one of the most important in the city center, which was previously known as Lenin Street (Lenin Prospect). There is a statue to him at the Matenadaran, one at the church he was buried at in Oshakan village, and one at the monument to the alphabet found on the skirts of Mt. Aragats north of Ohanavan Village. Stamps have been issued with his image by both the Soviet Union and by post-Soviet Armenia.

paragraph: The Order of St. Mesrop Mashtots, established in 1993, is awarded for significant achievements in economic development of the Republic of Armenia or for accomplishments, such as in science, culture, education or public service, and for activities promoting those fields.

paragraph: Section::::Music.

paragraph: Mashtots also produced a number of liturgical compositions. Some of the works attributed to him are: «Մեղայ քեզ Տէր» ("Meġay k’ez Tēr", “Miserere to you, Lord”), «Ողորմեա ինձ Աստուած» ("Voġormea inj Astuac", “Have mercy of me, God”), «Անկանիմ առաջի քո» ("Ankanim aṙaǰi k’o", “I kneel before you”) and «Ողորմեա» ("Voġormea", “Miserere”), all of which are hymns of repentance.

paragraph: Section::::Documentary films.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mashtots - 1988 Armenfilm 35 mm.film Director Levon Mkrtchyan (narration by Sos Sargisyan) Artashes Martirosyan (screenplay)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: Yuzbashyan, Karen. "L'invention de l'alphabet arménien: de langue parlée á la langue écrite." "Revue des Études Arméniennes." 33 (2011), pp. 67–129.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bible translations

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Encyclopedia — Mesrop

paragraph: BULLET::::- Classical Music Archives — Saint Mesrop Mashtots

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: medieval Armenian theologian and linguist

wikidata_label: Mesrop Mashtots

wikipedia_title: Mesrop Mashtots


text: mathematician

text: Utrecht University

text: algebraic group

text: Hecke algebra

text: complex reflection group

text: Springer representations

text: Springer resolution

text: Leiden University

text: Hendrik Kloosterman

text: University of Nancy

text: Utrecht University

text: University of Göttingen

text: Institute for Advanced Study

text: IHES

text: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

text: UCLA

text: Australian National University

text: University of Sydney

text: University of Rome Tor Vergata

text: University of Basel

text: Erwin Schrödinger Institute

text: University of Paris VI

text: Stockholm

text: Madrid

text: Profile

text: Springer's

categories: 2011 deaths,Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars,Utrecht University faculty,Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences,Dutch mathematicians,Leiden University alumni,1926 births

paragraph: T. A. Springer

paragraph: Tonny Albert Springer (13 February 1926 – 7 December 2011) was a mathematician at Utrecht University who worked on linear algebraic groups, Hecke algebras, complex reflection groups, and who introduced Springer representations and the Springer resolution.

paragraph: Springer began his undergraduate studies in 1945 at Leiden University and remained there for his graduate work in mathematics, earning his PhD in 1951 under Hendrik Kloosterman with thesis "Over symplectische Transformaties". As a postdoc Springer spent the academic year 1951/1952 at the University of Nancy and then returned to Leiden University, where he was employed until 1955. In 1955 he accepted a lectureship at Utrecht University, where he became professor ordinarius in 1959 and continued in that position until 1991 when he retired as professor emeritus. Springer's visiting professorships included many institutions: the University of Göttingen (1963), the Institute for Advanced Study (1961/1962, 1969, 1983), IHES (1964, 1973, 1975, 1983), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (1968, 1980), UCLA (1965/1966), the Australian National University, the University of Sydney, the University of Rome Tor Vergata, the University of Basel, the Erwin Schrödinger Institute in Vienna, and the University of Paris VI.

paragraph: In 1964 Springer was elected to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1962 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Stockholm (with lecture on "Twisted composition algebras") and in 2006 at Madrid (with lecture on "Some results on compactifications of semisimple groups").

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reprint of the 1973 edition.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ;

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Springer's home page.

alias:
Tonny Albert Springer
T.A. Springer

description: Dutch mathematician

wikidata_label: T. A. Springer

wikipedia_title: T. A. Springer


text:
Gibraltar
Gibraltarian
guitarist
Flamenco
Metal
Breed 77
flamenco guitar
electric guitar
mandolin
bilingual
English
Spanish
Llanito
List of Gibraltarians
Music of Gibraltar

categories: Gibraltarian guitarists,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Danny Felice

paragraph: Danny Felice (born 25 August 1955 from Gibraltar) is a Gibraltarian guitarist. He is one of the two guitarists in the Gibraltarian Flamenco Metal band, Breed 77. Felice is one of the original members and founders of Breed 77. He plays a mixture of flamenco guitar, electric guitar and mandolin creating a unique sound for the band. Being a native Gibraltarian, Felice is naturally bilingual in English and Spanish and uses this ability when singing as backing vocals in some songs. He also speaks Llanito when among other Gibraltarians.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Gibraltarians

paragraph: BULLET::::- Music of Gibraltar

description: Gibraltarian musician

wikidata_label: Danny Felice

wikipedia_title: Danny Felice


text:
cartoonist
comic book
Hanna-Barbera
Super Friends
Space Ghost
Sealab 2020
The Herculoids
Birdman
Cartoon Network
Space Ghost Coast to Coast
Sealab 2021
Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law
Jack Kirby Hall of Fame
School of Industrial Art
strips
Caniff
Raymond
Foster
Sheldon Mayer
DC Comics
Green Lantern
All Star Comics
Black Canary
Justice Society of America
Golden Age
Flash
Doctor Mid-Nite
Atom
Western comics
All-Star Western
Johnny Thunder
Julius Schwartz
Robert Kanigher
Rex the Wonder Dog
ghost illustrating
Casey Ruggles
Warren Tufts
Standard Comics
U.S. Army
Dell Comics
Space Angel
Hanna-Barbera
Space Ghost
animated series of the same name
The Herculoids
Birdman and the Galaxy Trio
Dino Boy in the Lost Valley
Super Friends
Warren Publishing
Eerie
Creepy
The Rook
The Witching Hour
tie-in
Hot Wheels
toy line
Bob Haney
Our Army at War
Archie Goodwin
Our Fighting Forces
Batman
Detective Comics
E. Nelson Bridwell
Limited Collectors' Edition
Batman Black and White
heart attack
Zorro
trade paperback
Pure Imagination
Standard Comics
Western Publishing
Brian Bolland
Tom Spurgeon
nihilism
Comic Book Artist
Alter Ego
Inkpot Award
San Diego Comic Con
Jack Kirby Hall of Fame
Adventure Comics
Black Canary
Rex the Wonder Dog
All-American Comics
Doctor Mid-Nite
Green Lantern
Johnny Thunder
All Star Comics
Justice Society of America
All-Star Western
Blackhawk
The Brave and the Bold
Atom
Flash
Comic Cavalcade
Dale Evans
Danger Trail
DC Comics Presents
Superman
Challengers of the Unknown
Detective Comics
Roy Raymond
Batman
Flash Comics
Girls' Love Stories
Girls' Romances
Green Lantern
Hot Wheels
House of Mystery
House of Secrets
Jimmy Wakely
Limited Collectors' Edition
Super Friends
My Greatest Adventure
Mystery in Space
Our Army at War
Our Fighting Forces
Plop!
Rip Hunter
Sensation Comics
Sinister House of Secret Love
Star Spangled War Stories
Strange Adventures
Superman Annual
Weird War Tales
Weird Western Tales
The Witching Hour
World's Finest Comics
Young Love
Young Romance
Colt .45
The Flying A's Range Rider
Four Color
Hugh O'Brian
Famous Marshal Wyatt Earp
Tales of the Texas Rangers
Lawman
Maverick
Rex Allen
The Rifleman
Rin Tin Tin
Roy Rogers and Trigger
Wagon Train
Zorro
Darby O'Gill and the Little People
Mystery Comics Digest
Twilight Zone
Walt Disney Comics Digest
Zorro
Love Romances
Rawhide Kid
Space Ghost
Western Gunfighters
X-Men
Blazing Combat
Creepy
Eerie
The Rook Magazine
Vampirella
Official Alex Toth website
Alex Toth
Alex Toth

categories: American comic strip cartoonists,American storyboard artists,Eisner Award winners,American magazine writers,21st-century American writers,Hanna-Barbera people,20th-century American artists,1928 births,20th-century American writers,EC Comics,Golden Age comics creators,High School of Art and Design alumni,Jack Kirby Hall of Fame inductees,Artists from New York City,Silver Age comics creators,Inkpot Award winners,American animators,2006 deaths,Disney comics artists,American comics artists,United States Army personnel

paragraph: Alex Toth

paragraph: Alexander Toth (June 25, 1928 – May 27, 2006) was an American cartoonist active from the 1940s through the 1980s. Toth's work began in the American comic book industry, but he is also known for his animation designs for Hanna-Barbera throughout the 1960s and 1970s. His work included "Super Friends", "Space Ghost", "Sealab 2020", "The Herculoids" and "Birdman". Toth's work has been resurrected in the late-night, adult-themed spin-offs on Cartoon Network: "Space Ghost Coast to Coast", "Sealab 2021" and "Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law".

paragraph: He was inducted into the comic book industry's Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1990.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and career.

paragraph: Alex Toth was born in 1928 to immigrants from Hungary, who were party of the Slovak minority in Hungary. His father was Sandor Toth, a musician, his mother was Mary Elizabeth. Toth's talent was noticed early, and a teacher from his poster class in junior high school urged him to devote himself to art. Enrolling in the School of Industrial Art, Toth studied illustration. He began his career when he sold his first freelance art at the age of 15, subsequently illustrating true stories for "Heroic" magazine through a comic book packager named Steve Douglas. Although he initially aimed to do newspaper strips ("It was my dream to do what Caniff, Raymond, and Foster had done"), he found the industry "dying" and instead moved into comic books.

paragraph: After graduating from the School of Industrial Art in 1947, Toth was hired by Sheldon Mayer at National/DC Comics. "Green Lantern" #28 (Oct.–Nov. 1947) was one of the first comics he drew for the company. He drew four issues of "All Star Comics" including issues #38 and #41 in which the Black Canary first met the Justice Society of America and then joined the team. A canine sidekick for Green Lantern named Streak was introduced in "Green Lantern" #30 (Feb.–March 1948) and the dog proved so popular that he became the featured character on several covers of the series starting with #34. He worked at DC for five years, drawing the Golden Age versions of the Flash, Doctor Mid-Nite, and the Atom. In addition to superheroes, Toth drew Western comics for DC including "All-Star Western". He was assigned to the "Johnny Thunder" feature in "All-Star Western" because editor Julius Schwartz considered him to be "my best artist at the time." Toth and writer Robert Kanigher co-created Rex the Wonder Dog in 1952.

paragraph: For a brief time in 1950, Toth was able to realize his dream of working on newspaper comic strips by ghost illustrating "Casey Ruggles" with Warren Tufts. In 1952 Toth ended his contract with DC Comics and moved to California. It is during that time that he worked on crime, war and romance comics for Standard Comics. In 1954, Toth was drafted into the U.S. Army and stationed in Tokyo, Japan. While in Japan, he wrote and drew his own weekly adventure strip, "Jon Fury", for the base paper, "Depot Diary".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Animation and later career.

paragraph: Returning to the United States in 1956, Toth settled in the Los Angeles area and worked primarily for Dell Comics until 1960. In that year, Toth became art director for the "Space Angel" animated science fiction show. This led to his being hired by Hanna-Barbera, where he created the character Space Ghost for the animated series of the same name. His other creations include "The Herculoids", "Birdman and the Galaxy Trio", and "Dino Boy in the Lost Valley". He worked as a storyboard and design artist until 1968 and then again in 1973 when he was assigned to Australia for five months to produce the TV series "Super Friends".

paragraph: He continued to work in comic books, contributing to Warren Publishing's magazines "Eerie", "Creepy" and "The Rook". For DC Comics, he drew the first issue of "The Witching Hour" (February–March 1969) and introduced the series' three witches. Toth illustrated the comic book tie-in to the "Hot Wheels" animated series based on the toy line. His collaboration with writer Bob Haney on the four page story "Dirty Job" in "Our Army at War" #241 (Feb. 1972), has been described as a "true masterpiece". Toth worked with writer/editor Archie Goodwin on the story "Burma Sky" in "Our Fighting Forces" #146 (Dec. 1973–Jan. 1974) and Goodwin praised Toth's art in a 1998 interview: "To me, having Alex Toth do any kind of airplane story, it's a joy for me. If I see a chance to do something like that, I will. He did a really fabulous job on it." The two men crafted a Batman story for "Detective Comics" #442 (Aug.-Sept. 1974) as well. Toth and E. Nelson Bridwell produced a framing sequence for the "Super Friends" feature in "Limited Collectors' Edition" #C-41 (Dec 1975–Jan. 1976). Toth's final work for DC was the cover for "Batman Black and White" #4 (Sept. 1996).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: Toth died at his drawing table on May 27, 2006 from a heart attack. His ashes were scattered into the Pacific Ocean.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Personal life.

paragraph: Alex Toth was the father of four, sons Eric and Damon and daughters Dana and Carrie. His marriage to Christina Schraber Hyde ended in divorce in 1968 and his second wife Guyla Avery died in 1985.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Toth did much of his comics work outside superhero comics, concentrating instead on such subjects as hot rod racing, romance, horror, and action-adventure. His work on Disney’s "Zorro" has been reprinted in trade paperback form several times. Also, there are two volumes of "The Alex Toth Reader," published by Pure Imagination, which focuses on his work for Standard Comics and Western Publishing. Brian Bolland has cited Toth as one of his idols.

paragraph: Journalist Tom Spurgeon wrote that Toth possessed "an almost transcendent understanding of the power of art as a visual story component", and called him "one of the handful of people who could seriously enter into Greatest Comic Book Artist of All-Time discussions" and "a giant of 20th-century cartoon design".

paragraph: Toth was known for his exhaustive study of other artists and his outspoken analysis of comics art past and present. For example, in a 2001 interview he criticized the trend of fully painted comics, saying "It "could" be comics if those who know how to paint also knew how to tell a story! Who knew what pacing was, and didn't just jam a lot of pretty pictures together into a page, pages, and call it a story, continuity! It ain't!" Toth lamented what he saw as a lack of awareness on the part of younger artists of their predecessors, as well as a feeling that the innocent fun of comics' past was being lost in the pursuit of pointless nihilism and mature content.

paragraph: In the 1990s and 2000s, he contributed to the magazines "Comic Book Artist" and "Alter Ego", writing the columns "Before I Forget" and "Who Cares? I Do!", respectively. In 2006, James Counts and Billy Ingram compiled personal anecdotes, hundreds of unseen sketches from famous Alex Toth comic and animated works combined with correspondence with friend and comics dealer John Hitchcock in the book "Dear John: The Alex Toth Doodle Book" (Octopus Press). Launched at ComicCon 2006, the first printing sold out within weeks of first publication.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and recognition.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inkpot Award from the San Diego Comic Con, 1981

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inducted into the comic book industry's Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1990.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:DC Comics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adventure Comics" #418-419 (Black Canary); #425, 431, 495-497 (1972–1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adventures of Rex the Wonder Dog" #1-3 (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All-American Comics" #88 (Doctor Mid-Nite); #92, 96, 98-99 (Green Lantern); #100-102 (Johnny Thunder) (1947–1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All-American Western" #103-125 (Johnny Thunder) (1948–1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All Star Comics" #37-38, 40-41 (Justice Society of America) (1947–1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All-Star Western" #58-61, 63 (1951–1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blackhawk" #260 (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Brave and the Bold" #53 (the Atom and the Flash team-up) (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Comic Cavalcade" #26-28 (Green Lantern) (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dale Evans Comics" #1-13 (1948–1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Danger Trail" #1-5 (1950–1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "DC Comics Presents" #84 (Superman and the Challengers of the Unknown team-up) (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Detective Comics" #174 (Roy Raymond); #442 (Batman) (1951–1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flash Comics" #102 (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Girls' Love Stories" #1-2, 4 (1949–1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Girls' Romances" #2, 13, 120 (1950–1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Green Lantern" #28, 30-31, 34-38 (1947–1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Green Lantern" vol. 2 #171 (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hot Wheels" #1-5 (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "House of Mystery" #109, 120, 149, 182, 184, 187, 190, 194 (1961–1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "House of Secrets" #48, 63-67, 83, 123 (1961–1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jimmy Wakely" #1-15 (1949–1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Limited Collectors' Edition" #C-41 (Super Friends) (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Greatest Adventure" #58, 60-61, 77, 81, 85 (1961–1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mystery in Space" #1, 7 (1951–1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Our Army at War" #235, 241, 254 (1971–1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Our Fighting Forces" #134, 146 (1971–1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Plop!" #11 (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rip Hunter... Time Master" #6-7 (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Romance Trail" #1-4, 6 (1949–1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Secret Hearts" #114, 141-143, 149 (1966–1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sensation Comics" #91-92, 107 (1949–1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sensation Mystery" #114 (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sinister House of Secret Love" #3 (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Star Spangled War Stories" #164 (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Strange Adventures" #8-9, 12-13, 17-19 (1951–1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Superman Annual" #9 (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Weird War Tales" #10 (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Weird Western Tales" #14 (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Witching Hour" #1, 3, 8, 10-12 (1969–1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "World's Finest Comics" #54, 66 (1951–1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Young Love" #74, 78-79 (1969–1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Young Romance" #163-164 (1969–1970)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Dell Comics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Colt .45" #6 (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Flying A's Range Rider" #17 (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Four Color" #790, 822, 845-846, 877, 882, 889, 907, 920, 914, 933, 951, 960, 976, 992, 1003, 1018, 1014, 1024, 1041, 1069, 1066, 1071, 1085, 1105-1106, 1134, 1159, 1180, 1265 (1957–1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Frogmen" #5 (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hugh O'Brian, Famous Marshal Wyatt Earp" #10, 13 (1960–1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jace Pearson's Tales of the Texas Rangers" #15-16 (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lawman" #4 (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maverick" #10, 13 (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rex Allen" #24 (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rifleman" #3, 6 (1960–1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rin Tin Tin and Rusty" #34, 36 (1960–1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Roy Rogers and Trigger" #111, 119-124 (1957–1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Voyage to the Deep" #3 (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wagon Train" #5 (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Western Roundup" #18 (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zorro" #9, 12 (1960–1961)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Gold Key Comics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Boris Karloff Tales of Mystery" #5 (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Darby O'Gill and the Little People" #1 (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mystery Comics Digest" #3, 5, 12, 21 (1972–1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Twilight Zone" #3-4, 25 (1963–1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Walt Disney Comics Digest" #9, 35, 39, 52 (1969–1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Walt Disney Presents Zorro" #1-2, 4-5, 7-9 (1966–1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Walt Disney Showcase" #34 (1976)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Marvel Comics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Justice" #41 (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love Romances" #49, 53 (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lovers" #67 (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Love Story" #7 (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Own Romance" #55 (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rawhide Kid" #46 (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "TV Stars" #3 (Space Ghost) (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Western Gunfighters" #24 (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "X-Men" #12 (1965)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Standard Comics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adventures into Darkness" #5, 8-9 (1952–1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Battlefront" #5 (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Best Romance" #5 (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Crime Files" #5 (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Exciting War" #8 (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fantastic Worlds" #5-6 (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Intimate Love" #19, 21-22, 26 (1952–1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jet Fighters" #5, 7 (1952–1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joe Yank" #5-6, 8, 10, 15 (1952–1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lost Worlds" #5-6 (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Real Love" #5 (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New Romances" #10-11, 14, 16-20 (1952–1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Out of the Shadows" #5-6, 10-12 (1952–1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Popular Romance" #22-27 (1953–1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This Is War" #5-6, 9 (1952–1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thrilling Romances" #19, 22-24 (1952–1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Today's Romance" #6 (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Unseen" #5-6, 12-13 (1952–1954)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Warren Publishing.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blazing Combat" #1-4 (1965–1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Creepy" #5, 7, 23, 75-80, 91, 114, 122-125, 139, "Annual" #1 (1965–1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eerie" #2-3, 14, 16, 51, 64-65, 67, "Annual" #1 (1966–1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rook Magazine" #3-4 (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "U.F.O. and Alien Comix" #1 (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vampirella" #90, 108, 110 (1980–1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Warren Presents" #3 (1979)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alex Toth" edited by Manuel Auad, Kitchen Sink Press, 1995,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Toth: One For The Road" edited by Manuel Auad, Auad, 2000,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Toth Reader" Pure Imagination, 1995,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Alex Toth Reader" vol. 2 Pure Imagination, 2005,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dear John: The Alex Toth Doodle Book" by Alex Toth and John Hitchcock, Octopus Press, 2006,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alex Toth: Edge of Genius Volume 1" Pure Imagination, 2007,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alex Toth: Edge of Genius Volume 2" Pure Imagination, 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alex Toth in Hollywood Volume 1" Pure Imagination, 2009,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alex Toth in Hollywood Volume 2" Pure Imagination, 2010,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Setting the Standard: Comics by Alex Toth 1952-1954" Fantagraphics Books, 2011,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Genius, Isolated: The Life and Art of Alex Toth" by Dean Mullaney & Bruce Canwell, IDW, 2011,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Genius, Illustrated: The Life and Art of Alex Toth" by Dean Mullaney & Bruce Canwell, IDW, 2013,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Genius, Animated: The Cartoon Art of Alex Toth" by Dean Mullaney & Bruce Canwell, IDW, 2014,

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Alex Toth website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alex Toth at Mike's Amazing World of Comics

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alex Toth at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators

description: American cartoonist

wikidata_label: Alex Toth

wikipedia_title: Alex Toth


text: Bloomsbury Group

text: Charleston Farmhouse

text: Duncan Grant

text: Vanessa Bell

text: Virginia Woolf

text: Clive Bell

text: Gage estate

text: David Garnett

text: conscientious objector

text: Julian Bell

text: Spanish Civil War

text: Quentin Bell

text: Michel Saint-Denis

text: George Devine

text: Euston Road School

text: William Coldstream

text: Victor Pasmore

text: David Garnett

text: Constance Garnett

text: Amaryllis

text: Lytton Strachey

text: John Maynard Keynes

text: H.G. Wells

text: Hilton Hall, Cambridgeshire

text: Aspects of Love

text: Andrew Lloyd Webber

text: J. R. Ackerley Prize for Autobiography

text: autobiographical fiction

text: Cassis

text: Marseilles

text: still life

text: Forcalquier

text: Aix-en-Provence

text: Lytton Burgo Partridge

text: Frances Partridge

text: Charleston farmhouse

categories: English emigrants to France,English memoirists,2012 deaths,English women non-fiction writers,People from Lewes District,Bloomsbury Group,English women painters,1918 births,Garnett family,20th-century women writers,20th-century English painters,20th-century British women artists,Stephen-Bell family

paragraph: Angelica Garnett

paragraph: Angelica Vanessa Garnett, née Bell (25 December 1918 – 4 May 2012), was a British writer, painter and artist. She was the author of the memoir "Deceived with Kindness" (1984), an account of her experience growing up at the heart of the Bloomsbury Group.

paragraph: Section::::Family background.

paragraph: Angelica Garnett was born at Charleston Farmhouse in East Sussex on Christmas Day 1918. She was the biological daughter of the painter Duncan Grant and Vanessa Bell; her aunt was Virginia Woolf.

paragraph: Until the summer of 1937, when Garnett was 18, she believed her biological father was Clive Bell, Vanessa's husband, rather than the mostly homosexual Grant, although the reality was an open secret within their immediate Bloomsbury circle. In fact, although there was no official separation or divorce, the Bells' marriage had come to an end in 1916. In that year, Vanessa rented Charleston Farmhouse from the Gage estate, so that Duncan Grant, with whom she had fallen in love, and his lover, David Garnett, could work there as farm labourers; both were conscientious objectors. Grant and Vanessa Bell continued to live together after the presumed end of their sexual relationship. Clive Bell would visit at weekends.

paragraph: When Vanessa Bell informed her daughter of her true parentage she advised her not to talk about it. The deception avoided servant gossip and preserved the possibility of a legacy from Clive Bell's father who had settled allowances on his grandchildren. Angelica grew up believing that two of those grandchildren, Vanessa and Clive's sons, Julian Bell, who was killed in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War, and the art historian Quentin Bell, were her biological brothers, rather than her biological half-brothers. Vanessa comforted herself with the idea that her daughter had two fathers; "in reality," Angelica wrote, "I had none".

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Angelica Garnett grew up at Charleston, indulged by her mother and surrounded by the artists, writers and intellectuals of the Bloomsbury Group. After her 14th birthday, Virginia Woolf gave Angelica a clothing budget of £100 a year.

paragraph: At the age of ten she was sent to boarding school at Langford Grove in Essex. She left without any qualifications, spent several months living in Rome and in 1935 moved for a time to Paris, staying with the artist Zoum Walter and her writer husband Francois. In 1936 Angelica went to the London Theatre Studio to train, briefly, as an actress under Michel Saint-Denis and George Devine. She changed to the study of art at the Euston Road School, where she was taught by William Coldstream and Victor Pasmore, the latter of whom apparently reduced her to tears.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: In 1942, aged 24, Angelica married David Garnett, by then an editor, reviewer and novelist whose mother was Constance Garnett, the noted translator of Russian literature. The relationship had begun in the spring of 1938, when Garnett was married to his first wife, Rachel "Ray" Marshall, who was dying of cancer. Angelica had four daughters with Garnett, Amaryllis, Henrietta, Nerissa, and Frances.

paragraph: Garnett was a member of her parents' circle, a former lover of Duncan Grant who had also attempted to seduce Vanessa Bell. When Angelica was born, Garnett had written to Lytton Strachey saying of the baby: ""Its beauty is the remarkable thing … I think of marrying it; when she is 20 I shall be 46 – will it be scandalous?"" In fact Garnett was nearly 50 at the time of their marriage. Despite their consternation, Angelica's parents did not inform their daughter of these details of Garnett's past, although various associates of the family did attempt to warn her against the marriage: John Maynard Keynes had her to tea. Angelica lost her virginity to Garnett in H.G. Wells's spare bedroom.

paragraph: The couple moved to Hilton Hall, Cambridgeshire, which David Garnett had bought in 1924. His novella, "Aspects of Love" (1955), dedicated to Angelica and involving similarly complicated domestic arrangements, was later adapted into a highly successful musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber. The Garnetts separated in 1967.

paragraph: For a time Angelica was in love with George Bergen, a Russian-Jewish painter who had been another of Duncan Grant's lovers, but the relationship did not last.

paragraph: Section::::Memoir.

paragraph: In 1984 Angelica Garnett published her memoir, "Deceived with Kindness: A Bloomsbury Childhood". The book was direct and sharply critical in its description of her upbringing and relationship with her parents, revealing Bloomsbury's rather conventional inability to confront deep personal feelings. In those characteristics it was a departure from much of the coverage the Bloomsbury Group had received up to that time. In it Garnett wrote, ""My dream of the perfect father – unrealized – possessed me, and has done so for the rest of my life. My marriage was but a continuation of it, and almost engulfed me."" The memoir was awarded the J. R. Ackerley Prize for Autobiography in 1985.

paragraph: Garnett was the author of a second memoir, "The Eternal Moment" (1998), and published a volume of autobiographical fiction entitled "The Unspoken Truth: A Quartet of Bloomsbury Stories" (2010). At the time of her death she had been working on an autobiography.

paragraph: Section::::Later life and work.

paragraph: After the end of her marriage, Angelica Garnett moved to Islington, north London. She moved back to Charleston after the death of Duncan Grant in 1978, before moving to nearby Ringmer and then to France. Garnett had spent long parts of her childhood staying in the south of France, mostly at Cassis, near Marseilles.

paragraph: Garnett was actively involved in the efforts that saw Charleston restored and opened to the public as a museum. She advised on the reconstruction of its fabrics, and on the selection and application of pigments; also talking at festivals and giving fund-raising lectures, including in America. In 1994 she donated more than 8000 sketches and drawings by Duncan Grant and Vanessa Bell to The Charleston Trust.

paragraph: Angelica Garnett continued to paint, developing a reputation, mostly for still lifes, and exhibiting in Europe and America. She also worked with mosaics, designed book jackets and textiles, decorated pots, and, in the 1980s, began to create sculptures using found objects and materials.

paragraph: The last 30 years of her life were spent in Forcalquier in the south of France. Angelica Garnett died in Aix-en-Provence on 4 May 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: "Bloomsbury's Outsider: A Life of David Garnett", Sarah Knights, Bloomsbury Reader, Paperback and Digital, (15 May 2015), , 632 pages.

paragraph: Section::::Children.

paragraph: With David Garnett, Angelica had four daughters: Amaryllis Virginia (1943–1973), an actress; Henrietta (b. 1945), a writer; Nerissa, called Nel (1946–2004), a painter, photographer and ceramics artist; and Nel's twin Frances, called Fanny (b. 1946), who farms in France.

paragraph: When Henrietta Garnett was 17 she married Lytton Burgo Partridge, the son of Frances Partridge, who was the sister of David Garnett's first wife. Burgo Partridge died from a heart attack less than a year later, three weeks after the birth of their daughter, Sophie Vanessa. Amaryllis Garnett drowned in the Thames in 1973; she was 29. Nerissa Garnett died from a brain tumour in 2004.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Garnett, Angelica. "Deceived with Kindness: A Bloomsbury Childhood". London: Chatto & Windus (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soleil, Christian. "Conversations avec Angelica Garnett". Paris: Edilivre (2014)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charleston farmhouse

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angelica Garnett paintings on the Public Catalogue Foundation/BBC's Your Paintings

alias:
Angelica Vanessa Bell
Angelica Vanessa Garnett

description: British writer and artist

wikidata_label: Angelica Garnett

wikipedia_title: Angelica Garnett


text:
samurai
Hōjō Ujiyasu
Hachiōji Castle
Tokyo
Hojo Ujikuni
Battle of Mimasetoge
Takeda Shingen
Kai
Odawara
Hōjō
Siege of Odawara
seppuku
Ujimasa

categories: Seppuku,Forced suicides,Go-Hōjō clan,1590 deaths,Year of birth uncertain,Suicides by sharp instrument in Japan

paragraph: Hōjō Ujiteru

paragraph: (1540? – August 10, 1590) was a Japanese samurai, who was the son of Hōjō Ujiyasu and lord of Hachiōji Castle in what is now Tokyo.

paragraph: Ujiteru and his brother Hojo Ujikuni commanded a major force at the Battle of Mimasetoge, where they unsuccessfully attempted to prevent Takeda Shingen from withdrawing to his home province of Kai after besieging the Hōjō's core castle at Odawara.

paragraph: After the Hōjō were defeated in the 1590 Siege of Odawara, Ujiteru was forced to commit seppuku along with his brother Ujimasa.

paragraph: The grave of Hojo Ujiteru exists in two places: one located in Odawara city and another located at the site of Hachioji castle.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Turnbull, Stephen (1998). "The Samurai Sourcebook". London: Cassell & Co.

alias:
Hojo Ujiteru
Houjou Ujiteru

description: Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period; son of daimyo Hōjō Ujiyasu

wikidata_label: Hōjō Ujiteru

wikipedia_title: Hōjō Ujiteru


text: football

text: punter

text: National Football League

text: Chicago Bears

text: Indianapolis Colts

text: Cleveland Browns

text: Pittsburgh Steelers

text: Super Bowl XL

text: Seattle Seahawks

text: quarterback

text: kicker

text: punter

text: Redan High School

text: Stone Mountain, Georgia

text: Clemson University

text: Pro Bowl

text: AFC North

text: Baylor

text: Daniel Sepulveda

text: 2007 NFL Draft

text: Cleveland Browns Stadium

text: linebacker

text: Joey Porter

text: penalized

text: roughing the punter

text: middle finger

text: Bill Cowher

categories: American football punters,Cleveland Browns players,Pittsburgh Steelers players,Sportspeople from DeKalb County, Georgia,Clemson Tigers football players,Chicago Bears players,Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state),People from Stone Mountain, Georgia,1970 births,Indianapolis Colts players,Living people,American Conference Pro Bowl players

paragraph: Chris Gardocki

paragraph: Christopher Allen Gardocki (born February 7, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a punter in the National Football League (NFL). Gardocki played for the Chicago Bears, Indianapolis Colts, Cleveland Browns, and Pittsburgh Steelers from 1991 to 2006. He was a member of the Steelers Super Bowl XL championship team, beating the Seattle Seahawks.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Gardocki played as the quarterback, kicker, and punter for Redan High School in Stone Mountain, Georgia. He declared for the NFL after his junior year at Clemson University.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Through the end of the 2006 NFL regular season, Gardocki holds the NFL record for most consecutive punts (1,177 for his career) with no blocks. Gardocki averaged a career-best 45.7 yards per punt for the Colts in 1996 and was selected for the Pro Bowl. After playing for both AFC North rivals Cleveland and Pittsburgh, Gardocki was released by the Steelers on May 23, 2007, less than a month after the team selected Baylor punter Daniel Sepulveda in the 2007 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Gardocki is best remembered by some for an incident while playing for the Browns in a 2000 game against the Steelers in Cleveland Browns Stadium. After being tackled by Steelers linebacker Joey Porter following a punt that left Gardocki briefly motionless (Porter would be penalized for roughing the punter), Gardocki flipped the middle finger twice to Steelers head coach Bill Cowher. The incident, caught on live television, resulted in a $5,000 fine for Gardocki.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He is married to his wife, Sally, and has a son, Cole. In 1997, his wife Sally, an attorney and author, wrote a book titled "The Wives Room", which provided a behind-the-scenes look at the life of an NFL wife, both donate time to several non-profit organizations including the Boys and Girls Club and the Taste of the NFL, and have regularly served turkey dinners to area residents during the holidays.

paragraph: In 1995 Gardocki had a son, Cole. Cole was born and raised on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of most consecutive starts and games played by National Football League players

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Chris Gardocki

wikipedia_title: Chris Gardocki


text:
cornerback
National Football League
Chicago Bears
Arizona Cardinals
New York Giants
college football
Alabama Crimson Tide
Pittsburgh Steelers
1998 NFL Draft
Indianapolis Colts
Batesville, Mississippi
South Panola Tigers
Alabama Crimson Tide
Dwayne Rudd
college
University of Alabama
Phi Beta Sigma
special teams
Rod Woodson
Pittsburgh Steelers
cornerback
Seattle
quarterback
Matt Hasselbeck
Super Bowl XL
Indianapolis Colts
Chicago Bears
ESPN.com Deshea Townsend player card
The Deshea Townsend Show

categories: Players of American football from Mississippi,New York Giants coaches,Arizona Cardinals coaches,African-American players of American football,Mississippi State Bulldogs football coaches,Pittsburgh Steelers players,Alabama Crimson Tide football players,People from Batesville, Mississippi,Super Bowl champions,1975 births,American football cornerbacks,Indianapolis Colts players,Tennessee Titans coaches,Living people

paragraph: Deshea Townsend

paragraph: Trevor Deshea Townsend (born September 8, 1975) is a former cornerback in the National Football League (NFL), and is currently the secondary coach for the Chicago Bears. Formerly he served as an assistant defensive backs coach for the Arizona Cardinals and the New York Giants. He played college football for the Alabama Crimson Tide and was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the fourth round (117th overall) in the 1998 NFL Draft, and also played a season with the Indianapolis Colts.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: A native of Batesville, Mississippi, Townsend played high school football for the South Panola Tigers, where he was the teammate of fellow future Alabama Crimson Tide star Dwayne Rudd. Townsend played quarterback at South Panola and led the team to the 1993 Mississippi State 5A championship and an undefeated 15–0 record.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Along with Rudd, Townsend continued his career in college at the University of Alabama where both became members of the Theta Delta Chapter of the Phi Beta Sigma fraternity, in 1995. He majored in business management.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Townsend grew from a special teams player and nickel back (and initially known in Pittsburgh as the first player to wear Rod Woodson's number 26 after he left the Steelers), into a solid starter for the Pittsburgh Steelers at cornerback. Townsend was known for his outside speed as a pass rusher. Townsend has recorded 322 tackles, 15.5 quarterback sacks and 18 interceptions during his twelve years as a Steeler. He also had a key sack on Seattle quarterback Matt Hasselbeck during the final minutes of Super Bowl XL, which helped secure the Steelers eventual victory. He was re-signed by the Steelers as an unrestricted free agent in March 2006.

paragraph: During the 2008 season, Townsend accepted the reduced role from starting cornerback to the nickel package.

paragraph: In August 2010, Townsend joined the Indianapolis Colts. On November 9, 2010, he was waived by the Colts. For the season, Townsend played in eight Colts games with no starts, and totaled 10 tackles and no interceptions or sacks.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: In February 2011, Townsend was hired as assistant defensive backs coach of the Arizona Cardinals, joining former coach Ray Horton.

paragraph: In January 2013, Townsend was hired as cornerbacks coach at Mississippi State University.

paragraph: On January 18, 2019, Townsend was named the defensive backs coach for the Chicago Bears, a position that was eventually renamed to secondary coach.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ESPN.com Deshea Townsend player card

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Deshea Townsend Show on KDKA/CW

description: American football player and coach

wikidata_label: Deshea Townsend

wikipedia_title: Deshea Townsend


text: aviator

text: cavalry

text: Polish Army

text: magnate

text: Prince Władysław Leon Sapieha

text: cardinal

text: Prince Adam Stefan Sapieha

text: Cracow

text: Teresa Sobańska

text: Zofia Sapieha

text: Queen Mathilde of the Belgians

categories: Austro-Hungarian World War I pilots,1970 deaths,1892 births,People from Cairo Governorate,Sapieha,Polish soldiers

paragraph: Adam Zygmunt Sapieha

paragraph: Prince Adam Zygmunt Sapieha (, 2 May 1892 – 20 October 1970) was a military aviator and cavalry officer in the Polish Army.

paragraph: He was the son of Polish magnate Prince Władysław Leon Sapieha, and nephew of the Polish cardinal Prince Adam Stefan Sapieha. During World War I he was one of the first aviators in the Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops. Later he became a Polish cavalry officer. On 1 June 1919 he was made lieutenant and later served as an officer in the 2nd Light Cavalry Regiment of Rokitna.

paragraph: On 10 December 1918 in Cracow he married Teresa Sobańska (20 October 1891 – 14 October 1981), the daughter of Count Michał Maria Sobański and Countess Ludwika Wodzicka.

paragraph: Adam Zygmunt and Teresa had eight children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zofia Sapieha (1919-1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Róża Maria Sapieha

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gabriela Sapieha (1922–1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adam Sapieha (born and died 23 November 1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jadwiga Teresa Sapieha (December 1924 - September 2017); she wed, on 17 May 1947, to Maurice de San (1911–1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michał Ksawery Sapieha Kodenski (1 May 1930 – 11 July 2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria Ludwika Sapieha (born 9 August 1931); she wed, on 19 April 1955, to Maximilien de Hemptinne

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanisław Artur Sapieha (9 January 1937 - 10 March 1956)

paragraph: Prince Adam's great-granddaughter is Queen Mathilde of the Belgians.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rocznik Oficerski 1924, Ministerstwo Spraw Wojskowych, Oddział V Sztabu Generalnego Wojska Polskiego, Warszawa 1924, s. 540, 622

description: Polish noble

wikidata_label: Adam Zygmunt Sapieha

wikipedia_title: Adam Zygmunt Sapieha


text: Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau

text: Chotzen

text: Kingdom of Bohemia

text: Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau

text: Colloredo-Mansfeld

text: Auersperg

text: Prince Adolf of Auersperg

text: Festetics de Tolna

text: Budapest

text: Széchényi de Sárvár-Felsövidek

text: Czernin von und zu Chudenitz

text: Conte Alvise Sagramoso-Sacchetti

text: Munich

text: von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen

text: José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz

text: Rudolf

paragraph: Ulrich, 10th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (; 15 August 189319 December 1938) was the titular pretender Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ulrich was born at Chotzen, Kingdom of Bohemia the eldest child Count Ferdinand Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau (1866–1916) (sixth child of Ferdinand Bonaventura, 7th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau and Countess Wilhelmine of Colloredo-Mansfeld) and Princess Aglaë of Auersperg (1868–1919) (fourth child of Prince Adolf of Auersperg and Countess Johanna Festetics de Tolna).

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and family.

paragraph: Ulrich married on 19 January 1918 in Budapest to Countess Katalin Széchényi de Sárvár-Felsövidek (1893–1968), youngest daughter of Count Imre Széchényi de Sárvár-Felsövidék, and his wife, Countess Maria Andrássy de Csik-Szent-Király et Kraszna-Horka. They divorced in 1930.

paragraph: They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Count Ulrich Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (9 December 1918 – 1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Countess Maria Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (5 June 1924 – 14 February 1960), (1) married in 1945 to Count Theobald Czernin von und zu Chudenitz, divorced in 1949; had issue. (2) married in 1950 to Pier-Luigi Tagliaferri, divorced in 1959; no issue. (3) married in 1959 to Conte Alvise Sagramoso-Sacchetti; no issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Countess Charlotte Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (born 18 November 1927), married in 1956 to Dimitri Borissovich Manakoff; no issue.

paragraph: He married secondly on 10 March 1932 in Munich to Baroness Marie von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen (1900–1974), eldest daughter of Baron Hilmar von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen, and his wife Maria Eleonore Martinez de Hoz, first cousin twice removed of Argentina's Minister of Economy José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz.

paragraph: They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Countess Eleonore Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (22 November 1932 – 23 March 1983), married in 1961 to Carlos Enrique Daireaux; had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Countess Aglaë Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (born 22 November 1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franz Ulrich, 11th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (7 October 1936 – 2 April 2009), married in 1965 to Roberta Cavanagh; had issue.

paragraph: Section::::Prince Kinsky.

paragraph: He became the titular pretender 10th "Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau" at the death of his uncle Rudolf in 1930, his uncle died without male heir. At his death, the title was inherited by his only surviving son Franz Ulrich.

paragraph: Section::::Notes and sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogics - Leo van de Pas - Ulrich, 10.Fürst Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser, Reference: 1956

description: German prince


text:
woodcut
Nuremberg
Albrecht Dürer
Triumphal Arch
Hans Springinklee
Hortulus Animae
Catholicism
Lutheranism
Barthel Beham
Sebald Beham
Georg Pencz
Classical
Judgement of Paris
Laocoön
Christoph Zell
proportion in art

categories: 1490s births,German wood engravers,People from Nuremberg,1542 deaths

paragraph: Erhard Schön

paragraph: Erhard Schön ( 1491–1542) was a German woodcut designer and painter.

paragraph: Schön was born in Nuremberg as the son of painter Max Schön III. He probably started to learn his trade as an artist in the workshop of his father. He was clearly influenced by the printmaking of Albrecht Dürer and may have contributed a few woodcuts to Dürer's "Triumphal Arch" (1515) and "Theuerdank" (1517). Especially Schön's way of modelling and placing figures is clearly derived from Dürer. After the death of Dürer, Schön also produced a woodcut portrait of the artist.

paragraph: Such woodcut portraits was only one of the genres Schön worked in. He produced prints of various kind for the popular market and established himself as a popularly demanded artist. Around 1200 illustrations for 116 books in addition to 200 separate woodcuts have been attributed to Schön. His first known work is a series of woodcuts for a book, from 1513. Until 1524 he mainly illustrated religious books. Together with Hans Springinklee he provided illustrations of rather high quality for the popular prayer book "Hortulus Animae" in 1515. A "Great Rosary" form approximately the same time has been described as his finest religious work. From the 1520s he produced several polemical works criticising Catholicism and in favour of Lutheranism. From the mid-1520s and early 1530s these satirical works display an influence from Barthel Beham, Sebald Beham and Georg Pencz. At this time, he also expanded his repertoire from religious to secular subjects, still with a satirical tone. From the 1530s, he switched to Classical themes such as the "Judgement of Paris" and "Laocoön". In 1538 Christoph Zell of Nuremberg published a treatise on proportion in art.

alias:
Pseudo-Beham Schon
Erhard Schon
Pseudo-Beham
Erhard Schoen

description: German engraver (c.1491-1542)

wikidata_label: Erhard Schön

wikipedia_title: Erhard Schön