text: rock

text: rap rock

text: Limp Bizkit

text: alternative

text: industrial metal

text: Black Light Burns

text: metal

text: Big Dumb Face

text: Scott

text: The Damning Well

text: The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1)

text: Gold Cobra

text: Crystal Machete

text: sonic experimentation

text: face and body paint

text: mask

text: uniform

text: Total Guitar

text: Richmond, Virginia

text: Nashville, Tennessee

text: Presbyterian

text: country music

text: The Damned

text: Merle Haggard

text: Scott

text: hip hop music

text: Bring the Noise

text: Anthrax

text: Public Enemy

text: Jacksonville, Florida

text: Douglas Anderson School of the Arts

text: jazz

text: Limp Bizkit

text: Fred Durst

text: Sam Rivers

text: John Otto

text: cult following

text: underground music

text: punk

text: word of mouth

text: George Michael

text: Faith

text: Paula Abdul

text: Straight Up

text: DJ Lethal

text: Mojo

text: MCA Records

text: Flip

text: Interscope Records

text: Three Dollar Bill, Yall

text: Ozzfest

text: Ozzy

text: Sharon Osbourne

text: Big Dumb Face

text: Ween

text: Mr. Bungle

text: Significant Other

text: Billboard

text: "Billboard" 200

text: Spin

text: Duke Lion Fights the Terror!!

text: The Damning Well

text: Danny Lohner

text: Josh Freese

text: Josh Eustis

text: Jonathan Bates

text: Black Light Burns

text: The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1)

text: Greatest Hitz

text: MySpace

text: From First To Last

text: Cruel Melody

text: Allmusic

text: Richard Fortus

text: Sugizo

text: X Japan

text: Marilyn Manson

text: The Color of Violence

text: Youthanize

text: Manson

text: Gold Cobra

text: Fear and the Nervous System

text: debut album

text: The Word Alive

text: The Hounds of Anubis

text: Tomandandy

text: The Moment You Realize You're Going to Fall

text: Lotus Island

text: Riot Games

text: League of Legends

text: The Crystal Method

text: Tina Guo

text: Danny Lohner

text: Joe Letz

text: Crystal Machete

text: Edison Sound

text: Drowned in Sound

text: Black Light Burns

text: Korn

text: Wembley Arena

text: Madball

text: Stampede of the Disco Elephants

text: NME

text: Nine Inch Nails

text: Marilyn Manson

text: Big Dumb Face

text: Where Is Duke Lion? He's Dead...

text: Crystal Machete

text: Queen Kwong

text: Travis Barker

text: Jonathan Davis

text: Black Labyrinth

text: Queen Kwong

text: Detroit

text: DIY Network

text: Ibanez

text: Ibanez RG

text: Ibanez RG7 CST

text: L.R. Baggs

text: Paul Reed Smith

text: Yamaha

text: Jackson Guitars

text: Stephen Carpenter

text: Deftones

text: Limp Bizkit

text: Deftones

text: Ernie Ball

text: Gold Cobra

text: seven-string guitar

text: guitar pick

text: licks

text: trombone

text: body paint

text: Babylon 5

text: Three Dollar Bill, Y'all$

text: Significant Other

text: The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1)

text: Gold Cobra

text: Duke Lion Fights the Terror!!

text: Cruel Melody

text: Cover Your Heart and the Anvil Pants Odyssey

text: Crystal Machete

text: The Damning Well

text: Underworld (2003 film)

text: The Crystal Method

text: Legion of Boom

text: Saw II: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

text: Charlie Clouser

text: Saw II: Original Score

text: From First to Last

text: Heroine

text: Charlie Clouser

text: Saw III: Original Motion Score

text: Anna Tsuchiya

text: Anna Tsuchiya Inspi' Nana (Black Stones)

text: Drop Dead, Gorgeous

text: Worse Than a Fairy Tale

text: Charlie Clouser

text: Filter

text: Anthems for the Damned

text: The Color of Violence

text: Youthanize

text: Combichrist

text: Scarred (EP)

text: Combichrist

text: Making Monsters

text: tomandandy

text: tomandandy

text: Tech N9ne

text: Therapy

text: Queen Kwong

text: Sukekiyo

text: Queen Kwong

text: Jonathan Davis

text: Black Labyrinth

categories: Combichrist members,From First to Last members,Marilyn Manson (band) members,American rock guitarists,Masked musicians,1975 births,Seven-string guitarists,Musicians from Jacksonville, Florida,Musicians from Richmond, Virginia,American industrial musicians,Limp Bizkit members,The Damning Well members,Black Light Burns members,Guitarists from Virginia,Guitarists from Florida,Living people,American male guitarists

paragraph: Wes Borland

paragraph: Wesley Louden Borland (born February 7, 1975) is an American rock musician and artist. He is best known as the current guitarist and backing vocalist of the American rap rock band Limp Bizkit and as the lead vocalist and guitarist of the alternative and industrial metal band Black Light Burns and the metal band Big Dumb Face.

paragraph: He gained popularity when Limp Bizkit achieved mainstream success in the late 1990s and early 2000s. He formed Big Dumb Face with his brother Scott in 1998 and left Limp Bizkit in 2001 and started many side projects such as Eat the Day and The Damning Well. After rejoining Limp Bizkit in 2004, Borland founded Black Light Burns, with whom he has released three studio albums and a covers album. Limp Bizkit went on hiatus following the release of their album "The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1)" (2005). However, the band's original lineup reunited in 2009 and recorded their sixth studio album, "Gold Cobra" (2011). In 2016, Borland released his solo album "Crystal Machete".

paragraph: Borland is known for his sonic experimentation and elaborate visual appearance, which has included face and body paint, masks and uniforms. He has drawn album covers and created artwork for many of his music projects as well as oil paintings. Borland was voted number 37 in "Total Guitar"s "Top 100 Guitarists of All Time". Borland formed the label Edison Sound, which releases his own music projects.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Although originally from Richmond, Virginia, Borland spent his formative years growing up in Nashville, Tennessee. His initial interest in music took the form of drumming, but this ended quickly due to his parents disapproval of percussive instruments in the home. Borland then switched to taking guitar lessons from a member of his parent’s Presbyterian church. However, Borland quickly found his own musical tastes and interests at odds with local music trends which, due to his proximity to Nashville, skewed heavily towards country music. He later recalled, “I would bring in something, and my teacher would go, ‘I’ve never heard of The Damned. Don’t you want to play some Merle Haggard?’”

paragraph: When Borland’s brother Scott took an interest in bass guitar, the two brothers began to play together. Borland found his interest in hip hop music piqued with the release of “Bring the Noise,” a collaboration between heavy metal band Anthrax and hip hop group Public Enemy.

paragraph: Borland then relocated to Jacksonville, Florida with his parents where, disillusioned with the local music scene, he began attending the Douglas Anderson School of the Arts. While there, he explored other artistic endeavors, such as sculpture and special effects. However, Borland continued his pursuit of music through guitar lessons, working with a guitar teacher that specialized in jazz music. According to Borland, “My first teacher had ingrained playing by ear so much that, when my jazz teacher gave me a sheet of music and an audio tape to go with it, I would learn via the tape instantly, but I couldn’t make myself learn the sheet music.” As his guitar skills continued to improve, Borland began to craft his own guitar parts and style. Eventually, finding himself forced into church attendance and feeling a lack of interest in religion, Borland’s frustration and confinement pushed him to move out of his parent’s house at the age of 18.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Limp Bizkit and mainstream success (1994–2002).

paragraph: Borland joined Limp Bizkit, a band formed by Fred Durst, Sam Rivers and John Otto. Limp Bizkit developed a cult following in the underground music scene, particularly at the Milk Bar, an underground punk club in downtown Jacksonville, Florida. The band attracted crowds by word of mouth and covering George Michael's "Faith" and Paula Abdul's "Straight Up"; the band also gave energetic live performances in which Borland appeared in bizarre costumes. Borland's theatrical rock style was the primary attraction for many concert attendees. After DJ Lethal joined the band as a turntablist, Borland left Limp Bizkit after a disagreement with Durst. However, Borland rejoined after the band signed with Mojo, a subsidiary of MCA Records. After a dispute with Mojo, Limp Bizkit signed with Flip, a subsidiary of Interscope Records, and recorded their debut, "Three Dollar Bill, Yall", which featured an abrasive, angry sound.

paragraph: Although the album was met with minimal response, touring consistently increased Limp Bizkit's success, and the third single from "Three Dollar Bill, Yall", "Faith", became a radio hit, leading to a slot on Ozzfest, a tour organized by Ozzy and Sharon Osbourne. In 1998, Borland formed a side project, Big Dumb Face with his brother, influenced by Ween and Mr. Bungle.

paragraph: "Significant Other" saw Limp Bizkit reaching a new level of commercial success. The album climbed to No. 1 on the "Billboard" 200, selling 643,874 copies in its first week of release. In 2000, Durst announced that the band's third studio album would be titled "Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water". The press thought that Durst was joking about this title. The album title is intended to sound like a fictional band; the phrase "Chocolate Starfish" referred to Durst himself, as he had frequently been called an asshole. Borland contributed the other half of the album's title when the band was standing around at a truck stop, looking at bottles of flavored water, and Borland joked that the truck stop didn't have hot dog or meat-flavored water. It debuted at number one on the "Billboard" 200, selling 1.05 million copies in its first week, and was the 18th best-selling album of the 2000s in the US.

paragraph: In a 1999 "Spin" profile on Limp Bizkit, when asked "Where will you be ten years from now?", Borland responded, "Probably not in the band."

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Departure from Limp Bizkit, side projects, brief return to Limp Bizkit and Black Light Burns formation (2002–2009).

paragraph: In March 2001, Big Dumb Face released its début album, "Duke Lion Fights the Terror!!". Borland stated that the band's music is "really silly and idiotic and bizarre. [...] It's nothing but stupid [...] just all these retarded songs." In the fall of 2001, Borland left Limp Bizkit citing creative differences with the band, and formed the band Eat the Day, which he eventually abandoned due to being unable to find a vocalist.

paragraph: After the 'failure' of another project, The Damning Well, in 2003, Borland began writing a solo record with its members Danny Lohner and Josh Freese, with Josh Eustis and Jonathan Bates contributing. This record served as the precursor to Black Light Burns.

paragraph: In August 2004, Borland rejoined Limp Bizkit and recorded another album, "The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1)" in 2005. Following the release of the band's "Greatest Hitz" album, the band went on hiatus after arguments broke out on MySpace between Borland and frontman Fred Durst, with Borland stating, "As of right now, none of my future plans include Limp Bizkit." In 2005, Borland formed Black Light Burns. Borland stated that this was now his main project, and anything else he did, including Limp Bizkit, was a side project. Borland toured with From First To Last roughly since early 2006. He announced planned for a fall 2006 tour that never went through due to Black Light Burns needing to find a new record label after Borland left Geffen Records. Borland had discussed plans to write and perform on the next From First To Last album, but he left the band when Black Light Burns' busy schedule started to pick up, leaving no room to work with From First to Last.

paragraph: Black Light Burns released its début album, "Cruel Melody" in the spring of 2007 to critical acclaim. It featured Borland on the vocals and guitars. Allmusic writer Greg Prato wrote, "For many, Borland was the only Limp Bizkit member who was taken seriously. As evidenced by "Cruel Melody", he is now officially allowed to follow whichever musical path he so desires.". In 2008, Borland, along with Richard Fortus and Sugizo, supported Japanese metal band X Japan at their sold out reunion concerts at the Tokyo Dome.

paragraph: On August 2008, at the ETP Conference, it was announced that Borland joined Marilyn Manson as a guitarist. In the winter of 2008, Borland helped in the recording of The Color of Violence's 2009 album "Youthanize" as a bassist.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Limp Bizkit reunion (2009).

paragraph: In 2009, the original lineup of Limp Bizkit reunited and began touring, which resulted in a second Black Light Burns record being put on the backburner. Borland left Manson's employ in May of the same year, claiming his reasons for leaving included rejoining his old band and having creative differences with Manson, citing "It's the Marilyn Manson show over there."

paragraph: Limp Bizkit recorded a new album, which Borland named "Gold Cobra". Released on June 28, 2011. It received mixed reviews, with multiple reviewers praising Borland's guitar playing. It peaked at No. 16 on the "Billboard" 200.

paragraph: Borland also designed the album artwork for Fear and the Nervous System's 2011 eponymous debut album.

paragraph: Borland has also gone onto a remixing career with his distribution of alternative versions of songs by metal bands. Most recently, The Word Alive has had their song "The Hounds of Anubis" remixed by Borland. He also played guitar in the soundtrack of "" by Tomandandy.

paragraph: In 2012, Black Light Burns began performing after their brief hiatus and released their second studio album "The Moment You Realize You're Going to Fall" and a concept "album", "Lotus Island", in January 2013. In the same year, during the Black Light Burns tour, Borland stated that he would never do a solo project. "If I would do a solo project I would put my name on the record. But that will never happen."

paragraph: Borland collaborated with Riot Games to develop "Hybrid Worlds", the theme song for the League of Legends Season 3 World Championships. Borland performed live for the event on October 4, 2013, along with The Crystal Method, Tina Guo, and Black Light Burns alumni Danny Lohner and Joe Letz.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Solo album, Big Dumb Face reunion and Stampede of the Disco Elephants (2016–present).

paragraph: On May 3, 2016, Borland released an instrumental solo album named "Crystal Machete" on his personal record label (Edison Sound), which saw him stepping outside his comfort zone by featuring no distorted guitars or vocals. The album was released to positive reviews, with Drowned in Sound calling the album a "a beautiful, sprawling post-rock mini epic". In 2016 he disbanded Black Light Burns.

paragraph: In winter 2016 Limp Bizkit embarked on a co-headlining UK tour with Korn, including dates at Wembley Arena with support from Madball. As of October 2017, the status of the new Limp Bizkit album "Stampede of the Disco Elephants" is unknown, with Borland telling NME that he has completed all of his parts for "28 or 29 songs" and is waiting for Fred to choose what songs he wants to complete before he can mix and master it. He also blamed his time in Limp Bizkit for difficulty in getting jobs with other acts such as Nine Inch Nails and Marilyn Manson in the past, stating that the other bands didn't want to be associated with his previous band.

paragraph: In June 2017 he posted on social media that Big Dumb Face will be returning that year, eventually confirming that the new album, "Where Is Duke Lion? He's Dead..." would be released on October 31 via Edison Sound, with a full scale physical release to follow on November 17. Explaining why he revived Big Dumb Face after 16 years, he said that he wanted to make something "really heavy" in contrast to the post-rock of "Crystal Machete", and that he was currently "into making things that [he] said [he'd] never do again", such as the solo record, or reviving Black Light Burns to release a new album in June 2018. He did, however, say that he would not tour with Big Dumb Face as he has prior touring commitments with Limp Bizkit and his ex-wife's band, Queen Kwong. In February 2018 Borland teased images of him working in the studio with Travis Barker on an "as yet untitled project". He also played guitar on five tracks from Jonathan Davis's debut solo album "Black Labyrinth", which was recorded between 2007 and 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In April 1998, Wes married his long-time girlfriend Heather McMillan, but later divorced in 2001. His second marriage was with Anna Carlise in March 2009 but they divorced in 2013. In October 2016 he married Carré Callaway, lead singer of Queen Kwong. The couple resided together in Detroit. They divorced in 2019.

paragraph: Callaway and Borland were passionate about rescuing abandoned cats around the Detroit area, and together starred in a DIY Network renovation show which followed their relocation to Detroit and subsequent renovation of a large house.

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.

paragraph: Borland used Ibanez seven-string guitars exclusively from 1997 until 1999. However, he stated that he played a 6-string guitar on the entire "Three Dollar Bill, Yall" record. Shortly after embarking on a tour with Korn, Ibanez got a hold of Borland and gave him a number of seven-string Universe guitars, essentially for free, which he continued to use extensively. During the touring in support of "Significant Other", Borland used two custom Ibanez RG seven-strings with the electronic setup of an Ibanez AX7521 (two volume knobs and two tone knobs rather than one volume and one tone). Nothing is certain about the type of pickups that he used, however, he did use EMG pickups at one point, stating in an interview with GuitarCenter that he was moving from "passive to active pickups". Borland also endorsed the rare Ibanez RG7 CST guitar, which is made from superior/high-quality materials and is also equipped with an L.R. Baggs designed piezo system on a locking tremolo. He is currently one of two American owners of one. Additionally, Borland used a vintage Ibanez Musician MC150PW, which was modified to be fitted with 4-strings, which he used on songs such as "Nookie", "Full Nelson", and "The One". This guitar can be seen in the music video for "Nookie." Ibanez then made him a custom baritone 4-string AX that would be used to replace the Musician. This was eventually replaced by a custom-made Master Guitars "Cremona" 4-string, which he uses to this day.

paragraph: During the recording for "Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water", Borland switched to 6-string guitars. The entire album was recorded using a Master Guitars Cremona semi-hollow body guitar, which is visible in the video for "My Generation". However, Borland did not tour with this guitar and instead used Paul Reed Smith guitars, one of which is a Standard 24 in a Platinum Metallic finish, a Custom 24 in a Black Slate finish, and a 4-string baritone. After the tour, they were not seen again. A Facebook photo posted by Fred Durst in 2012 shows Borland playing the Cremona again for studio purposes.

paragraph: In 2005, Yamaha approached Borland about a new signature guitar, which was almost 100% designed by Borland. The model CV820WB was released that same year. A semi-hollow body guitar with a large body and new Yamaha high-output split field humbuckers, made exclusively for that guitar, it also came with the Yamaha Quick Change finger-clamp locking tremolo system, which rids the user of having to cut the ball ends off of the strings, which is very unusual for a locking tremolo. This was Borland's main guitar for the recording of Black Light Burns' "Cruel Melody" and the touring behind it, as well as most of the touring Limp Bizkit did before the recording of "Gold Cobra". Despite its innovative characteristics, it was not a popular guitar, and was discontinued in mid-2011, when Borland switched to Jackson Guitars.

paragraph: Borland was endorsed by Jackson shortly before the release of "Gold Cobra", and owned several Rhoads guitars, which he used on Limp Bizkit shows. He now plays various Rhoads models, Warriors, and King Vs, one of which is a left-handed black King V with white bevels that was converted by Borland into a right-handed guitar. All of these instruments are equipped with a Floyd Rose and a single Seymour Duncan Invader pickup in the bridge position. He does not currently have a signature model with Jackson. Additionally, Borland also uses a Fender Bass VI, tuned to one octave below E standard tuning. He uses this on "The Story" on "The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1)", and again on "90.2.10", "Walking Away", and "Back Porch" on the "Gold Cobra" record.

paragraph: Other guitars Borland has been seen with before are a 1976 Fender Starcaster a stock ESP LTD V-401DX (used on the Limp Bizkit reunion tour for playing songs on Results May Vary) and Mayones Regius Pro 6, Legend and Setius GTM 6 Baritone guitars.

paragraph: Borland tunes his guitars to C# standard tuning (C# F# B E G# C#) and to Drop B tuning (B F# B E G# C#). He also tunes his 4-string baritone guitars to a variant of this tuning with a low F# string, which is a bass string (F# F# B E). During the late 1990s when Borland played 7-string guitars, he played them like one would play a 6-string guitar by tuning the highest string to C# as well, while maintaining standard C# tuning all the way to the seventh string. This technique was later used by Stephen Carpenter of Deftones so he could play the songs he originally recorded on a six-string without losing the feel of a seven-string, as Limp Bizkit and the Deftones had toured together in the mid 90's.

paragraph: Borland uses Ernie Ball .011-.052 gauge nickel-wound strings, where the G string is wound. For Limp Bizkit's first three albums, Borland used Mesa-Boogie Dual and Triple Rectifier amps. In 2000, Borland would use the Mesa Boogie heads in conjunction with a Diezel VH4. In the Mid 2000's, on the recording of "Cruel Melody" and "The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1)", Borland's main amp was the Diezel VH4. Starting with the 2008 recording of "The Moment You Realize You're Going to Fall" Borland played mainly Orange Amps (specifically the Thunderverb 100 models) since touring in support of Cruel Melody began and has continued to use them since then, also on Gold Cobra. Currently, Borland plays EVH Amps and cabinets for his heavier tones. The mainstay of Borland's amp setup has been a Roland JC-120 combo amplifier to generate his particularly exceptional clean tones.

paragraph: Section::::Style.

paragraph: Borland's guitar playing is experimental and nontraditional, and he is noted for his creative use of six and seven-string guitars. "Three Dollar Bill, Yall" features him playing without a guitar pick, performing with two hands, one playing melodic notes, and the other playing chord progressions. The song "Stuck" uses a sustain pedal in the first bar, and muted riffs in the second bar. His guitar playing has made use of octave shapes, and choppy, eighth-note rhythms, sometimes accompanied by muting his strings with his left hand, creating a percussive sound. Borland has also made use of unevenly accented syncopated sixteenth notes to create a disorienting effect, and hypnotic, droning licks. Borland uses a locking vibrato system quite extensively to "dive bomb" notes in the middle of guitar parts, as heard in songs like Limp Bizkit's "Hot Dog" and "Get a Life". He said that he got the idea to dive notes down an octave then have them come back up from trombone players.

paragraph: Borland's playing is still identifiable in Black Light Burns, but by his own admission, he strives to go for a cleaner type of sound in Black Light Burns, where the heaviness comes from his bass playing, instead of in Limp Bizkit where he seeks a more metal-oriented sound. He plays keyboards and textures more overtly as tools to layer Black Light Burns' sound where in Limp Bizkit the layers are considered by the full band more.

paragraph: Borland writes songs by forming them in rough outlines and filling in the details later. According to Borland, "I'm good at creating ideas while using a guitar in a new way, but it takes me a long time. I can't just come up with stuff fast and rip it up. I think about constructing songs, and even riffs, in the same way as a painting, putting on a little bit at a time. They're sketchy at first, and then I know what I want, and I fit notes into places."

paragraph: Borland is also known for performing in costumes and body paint during concerts, appearing in bunny and kung fu suits, and painted as a skeleton and what he describes as a "burnt match". Describing the character, he stated, "I go onstage wearing almost nothing. I have underwear and my boots on, and I paint my whole head black—from the neck up—and I have the black contacts. All you can see is these glowing teeth." Borland's black contacts were customized for him by a company noted for making contacts for the science fiction TV series "Babylon 5".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Limp Bizkit

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Three Dollar Bill, Y'all$" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Significant Other" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1)" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gold Cobra" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Big Dumb Face

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Duke Lion Fights the Terror!!" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Where Is Duke Lion? He's Dead..." (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Black Light Burns

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cruel Melody" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cover Your Heart and the Anvil Pants Odyssey" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Moment You Realize You're Going to Fall" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lotus Island" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Solo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Crystal Machete" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Other appearances

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Damning Well - "Underworld (2003 film)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Crystal Method - "Legion of Boom" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Various artists - "Saw II: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charlie Clouser - "Saw II: Original Score" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- From First to Last - "Heroine" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charlie Clouser - "Saw III: Original Motion Score" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna Tsuchiya - "Anna Tsuchiya Inspi' Nana (Black Stones)" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Drop Dead, Gorgeous - Worse Than a Fairy Tale (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charlie Clouser – "" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Filter - "Anthems for the Damned" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Color of Violence - "Youthanize" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Combichrist - "Scarred (EP)" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Combichrist - "Making Monsters" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- tomandandy - "" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- tomandandy - "" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tech N9ne - "Therapy" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Queen Kwong - "The Strange Fruit" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sukekiyo - "VITIUM" (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- DREAD - "In Dub" (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Queen Kwong - "Love Me to Death" (2018)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jonathan Davis - "Black Labyrinth" (2018)

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Wes Borland

wikipedia_title: Wes Borland


text:
Officer Kicks
Amazon
The Script
Spotify
Cambridge Evening News
National Literacy Trust
Alexander Wolfe
Florence and the Machine
The Script
Wolf Alice
Jamie Cullum
Laura Welsh
Luke Friend
James Louis Garvin
François de Menthon

categories: British writers,British songwriters,1981 births,British rock singers,Living people

paragraph: Jamie Scallion

paragraph: Jamie Scallion is a British songwriter and author of The Rock 'n' Roll Diaries.

paragraph: Scallion grew up in South East London. As the lead singer of the cult London rock band Officer Kicks he played and recorded for over ten years, playing with some of the biggest names in the music industry.

paragraph: He wrote the first instalment of The Rock 'n' Roll Diaries whilst on tour. The book has received over two hundred five star reviews on Amazon since its release and been number one on the Amazon bestseller list on numerous occasions. The books have been translated into German, Dutch and French. Scallion co-wrote the soundtrack for the book with the Irish band The Script and hit songwriter/producer - James Barry. Since being released exclusively on Spotify the tracks have been streamed over a million times.

paragraph: He has written articles for the Cambridge Evening News and is an ambassador for National Literacy Trust. Currently he is working alongside the Literacy Trust on a lyrics based programme aimed at teenagers, delivering songwriting workshops in schools all over the country.

paragraph: Along with his brother Alexander Wolfe and Ben Roulston he is one third of a songwriting/production team working from his recording studio in East London. The team have worked with a host of artists including Florence and the Machine, The Script, Wolf Alice, Jamie Cullum, Laura Welsh and Luke Friend.

paragraph: Jamie Scallion's Great Grandfather is the author James Louis Garvin. His step grandfather is the French politician Count François de Menthon.

description: British writer and songwriter

wikidata_label: Jamie Scallion

wikipedia_title: Jamie Scallion


text:
Drunen
North Brabant
Spinnin' Records
Wizard
Martin Garrix
Martin Garrix
Soundcloud
Wizard
Spinnin' Records
Dutch Singles Chart
UK Singles Chart
Mike Hawkins
Spinnin' Records
Official website

categories: Progressive house musicians,Dutch DJs,Spinnin' Records artists,Dutch dance musicians,People from Heusden,1991 births,Living people

paragraph: Jay Hardway

paragraph: Jobke Pieter Hendrik Heiblom (born 27 April 1991), better known by his stage name Jay Hardway (stylised as JΔY HΔRDWΔY), is a Dutch musician, DJ and record producer from Drunen, North Brabant. He is signed to Spinnin' Records. He is best known for his collaboration "Wizard" in conjunction with his fellow Dutch artist Martin Garrix. The 2013 single became an international hit charting in Belgium, France and the Netherlands.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2012–present: Breakthrough and singles.

paragraph: Hardway's first collaboration with Martin Garrix "Registration Code" was released in 2012 as a free download through Soundcloud. In March 2013, the two released the single "Error 404" through Doorn Records. In December 2013, Hardway and Garrix released the single "Wizard" through Spinnin' Records, which became one of their most successful collaborations to date. The song peaked at number 16 on the Dutch Singles Chart and number 7 on the UK Singles Chart. Hardway released his first solo single "Bootcamp" on 31 May 2014. His song "Freedom" with Mike Hawkins was later released in August of the same year. Later in 13 November 2015, he released "Electric Elephants" on Spinnin' Records. On 17 October 2016, he collaborated with fellow Dutch DJ Martin Garrix on "Spotless".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: Dutch DJ and producer

wikidata_label: Jay Hardway

wikipedia_title: Jay Hardway


text: 1972 Summer Olympics

categories: Athletes (track and field) at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games,1949 births,Olympic athletes of Great Britain,British pentathletes,Commonwealth Games silver medallists for England,Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics,Living people,People from Rochford,English female long jumpers,Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics,Athletes (track and field) at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games,Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics,English female hurdlers,Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England

paragraph: Ann Wilson (athlete)

paragraph: Ann Shirley Wilson (born 29 September 1949), also known as Ann Simmonds is a retired English pentathlete. She competed at the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics in the pentathlon, hurdles and long jump events with the best result of 13th place in the long jump in 1968 and in the pentathlon in 1972. Wilson collected three silver and one bronze medals at the British Commonwealth Games in 1970–74.

description: British hurdler, high jumper, long jumper and pentathlete

wikidata_label: Ann Wilson

wikipedia_title: Ann Wilson (athlete)


text:
peer
Edward I
Edward II
caput
Groby
Leicestershire
William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby
William
Second Barons' War
King Henry III
Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester
Alan Durward
Yoxall
Staffordshire
ward
Nicholas Seagrave
livery
estate
Duke of Brabant
Hainault
mortgage
Scottish Marches
Keeper of Scotland
John de Warenne
Battle of Falkirk
Siege of Carlaverock
Keeper of Galloway
Barons' Letter of 1301
Pope Boniface VIII
Kingdom of Scotland
Somerton Castle
Hinckley and Bosworth
Leicestershire
Alexander, Earl of Menteith
Henry

categories: People from Yoxall,14th-century English people,13th-century English people

paragraph: William Ferrers, 1st Baron Ferrers of Groby (31 January 1272 – 20 Mar 1325) was an English peer who lived under two kings, Edward I and Edward II. His baronial caput was Groby in Leicestershire.

paragraph: Section::::Background and early life.

paragraph: Ferrers' grandfather was William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby. His father, also named William (c.1240-1287), had been a significant figure in the Second Barons' War between King Henry III and Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester. His mother was Anne Durward, daughter of Alan Durward and Margery of Scotland.

paragraph: Born in Yoxall (Staffordshire), William Ferrers became the ward of Nicholas Seagrave until 1293, when William received livery of his estates.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: By 1295, Ferrers was abroad on royal service, and acting as Edward I's agent at the Duke of Brabant's court in Hainault. Although he was short of money at the time (having had to mortgage the Newbottle manor for £200), this did not prevent him taking part in the King's military campaign. Other royal service included on the Scottish Marches under both King Edwards in their various campaigns there. In 1296, under the King's instruction, the Keeper of Scotland, John de Warenne restored Ferrers to his Scottish estates that the King still held. He fought at the Battle of Falkirk on 22 July 1398 and at the Siege of Carlaverock two years later. Following the siege, the Keeper of Galloway also by order of King Edward, restored to Ferrers those estates in that region that the King had still held. In 1301 William Ferrers was signatory to the (eventually unsent) Barons' Letter of 1301 to Pope Boniface VIII, in which Ferrers and 95 other English barons and five English earls repudiated the Pope's claim to overlordship of the Kingdom of Scotland.and defended the aggressive policy of King Edward I.

paragraph: The barony was created by writ on 29 December 1299, and William was summoned to parliament. Financial problems in the early fourteenth-century led him into conflict with his cousin John Ferrers which centred over a disputed claim to the Newbottle manor. The feud was periodically suspended when both parties fought alongside the King in Scotland, specifically when William was there again in 1303, 1306, 1308, and 1311. In 1317 Edward II appointed him Constable of Somerton Castle in Lincolnshire. His final summons to military service was on 1 May 1325.

paragraph: He was buried in the St Philip and St James Church, Hinckley and Bosworth Borough, Leicestershire.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: William Ferrers married to Ellen de Menteith, daughter of Alexander, Earl of Menteith. They had five children, his heir, Henry, four younger sons, and a daughter.

description: English nobleman

wikidata_label: William Ferrers, 1st Lord Ferrers


text:
Pont-à-Mousson
Lorraine
World War I
Pont-à-Mousson
Meurthe department
Sœurs de la Charité de Saint Charles
École Nationale des Arts et Métiers
Châlons-sur-Marne
Franco-Prussian War
Marbache
Saarland
Custines
Millery
Auboué
overburden
societe anonyme
Belleville
Malzéville
Cowper
regenerative heat exchanger
Mairy
Nancy
Metz
François de Wendel
Briey
Aciéries de Longwy
Foug
Moineville
Marine-Homécourt
Beringen
World War I
Saarbrücken
World War I
Sens
Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray
Humbert de Wendel
Saar
Moselle
Raymond Poincaré
World War I
open hearth furnace
Robert Pinot
Comité des forges
minette
Maxéville
Comité des Forges de France

paragraph: Camille Cavallier

paragraph: Camille Cavallier (19 May 1854 – 10 June 1926) was a French industrialist who directed the Pont-à-Mousson iron works in Lorraine in the first quarter of the 20th century, specializing in making cast iron pipes.

paragraph: He came from a poor family but obtained a good technical education and joined the iron maker as an employee in 1874.

paragraph: He rose rapidly through the ranks, and started to acquire shares.

paragraph: Soon after taking charge of the company he became the largest shareholder.

paragraph: He quadrupled production in the years leading up to World War I (1914–18).

paragraph: The company was devastated by the war, but Cavallier managed to bring production back up to prewar levels before his death.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Camille Constant Cavallier was born on 19 May 1854 in Pont-à-Mousson, then in the Meurthe department.

paragraph: His parents were Jean Pierre Baptiste Cavallier (b. 1816) and Marguerite Sophie Martin (b. 1825).

paragraph: His father was a gamekeeper for the Eaux et Forêts and his mother was a cleaning lady whose customers included Xavier Rogé, head of the local Société de Pont-à-Mousson iron works.

paragraph: His sister Sophie later joined the Sœurs de la Charité de Saint Charles, and his brother Henri became a member of the board of directors of the Société de Pont-à-Mousson.

paragraph: For many years the family lived in the heart of the Bois-le-Prêtre, a forest about from the center of the town.

paragraph: In October 1867 Camille was admitted as a day student to the Collège of Pont-à-Mousson, where he was an excellent student.

paragraph: In 1870 he was accepted by the École Nationale des Arts et Métiers in Châlons-sur-Marne.

paragraph: His education was interrupted by the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.

paragraph: He returned to the college for a few months after it reopened in the spring of 1871, then entered the École des Arts et Métiers in Châlons-sur-Marne on 15 October 1871.

paragraph: He graduated on 31 July 1874 as a medalist.

paragraph: The Pont-à-Mousson company had been created in 1856 by a group of Lorraine businessmen to operate the Marbache iron mine and to use the ore to manufacture cast iron.

paragraph: Xavier Rogé was the manager. In 1862 the enterprise was liquidated due to lack of sufficient capital to cover the high investment expenses.

paragraph: Rogé managed to raise capital in the Saarland and restart the business, selling most of its production to forges in the Ardennes and Champagne.

paragraph: In 1866 Rogé visited England and became aware of the new and promising market for cast-iron water pipes.

paragraph: He focused the company on pipe production, and found a ready market when cities began to make large investment in water supply after 1871.

paragraph: He adopted the English method of casting pipes in vertical rather than horizontal moulds.

paragraph: Camille Cavallier joined the Société de Pont-à-Mousson on 1 August 1874.

paragraph: At this time the company consisted only of the factory at Pont-à-Mousson and the Marbache Iron Mine in the Nancy Basin.

paragraph: The blast furnaces produced only 50,000 tons per year, of which only 12,000 tons were made into moulded products, mainly cast iron pipes.

paragraph: Cavallier worked at the company for four months before being called up on 5 November 1874 for a year of military service, which he spent at Versailles in the 1st Regiment of Engineers.

paragraph: He was discharged as a second lieutenant of the reserve on 1 November 1875.

paragraph: He returned to the Société de Pont-à-Mousson on 2 November 1875, where he would work for the rest of his life.

paragraph: Section::::Growing responsibility (1875–99).

paragraph: Camille Cavallier was first assigned to the "flat" foundry, then in 1876 to the "standing" foundry dedicated to making iron gutters and pipes.

paragraph: In 1877 Rogé gave him charge of the newly created commercial service.

paragraph: The job was to establish regional agencies, monitor demand, watch competitors and draw up quotations for tenders.

paragraph: He achieved excellent results in selling the cast iron pipes, and in 1883 won the tenders for the city of Paris.

paragraph: Rogé decided to groom Cavallier as his successor, and in the 1880s Cavallier became in effect the director-general, although Rogé retained that title.

paragraph: Cavallier did not limit himself to the commercial side, but played a large role in building up the company's mining assets.

paragraph: The company depended on the Marbache and Custines mines in the Nancy Basin, which delivered about 100,000 tons of ore annually.

paragraph: After surveys of the Millery region the company asked for a mining concession there, but was refused.

paragraph: Xavier Rogé began to investigate land around Auboué near the part of Lorraine that had been annexed by Germany, and on 1 December 1882 found the upper layers of the iron oxide formation of the Briey Basin.

paragraph: The survey then stopped, since the company undertaking it declared that the iron oxide formation had been completely crossed.

paragraph: Cavallier thought there could be lower layers, and obtained permission to continue the survey.

paragraph: In April 1883 a layer thick was found, and on 11 August 1884 the Société de Pont-à-Mousson was granted the concession.

paragraph: The technicians said that it would be very difficult to pass through the overburden above the Auboué ore deposit due to the amount of water it contained.

paragraph: Cavallier decided to proceed anyway, using the freezing method to pass through the aquifer layer, although this method had not been used for more than in the past. The gamble succeeded.

paragraph: The Pont-à-Mousson ironworks was transformed into a "societe anonyme" in 1886, with Xavier Rogé as its sole administrator.

paragraph: Rogé fell seriously ill in 1888 and depended more and more on Cavallier, then aged 34.

paragraph: On 17 August 1888 the company was granted the Vieux-Château concession, and on 25 May 1892 was granted the Belleville concession, both in the Nancy Basin.

paragraph: The company acquired the Malzéville and Grande Goutte mines in the Nancy Basin.

paragraph: In the 1890s the blast furnaces were fitted with Cowper regenerative heat exchangers.

paragraph: Until 1889 Cavallier had no shares in the company.

paragraph: In 1890 he acquired 100 shares, and in 1898 another 136.

paragraph: When Rogé was sick Cavallier acted as the effective head of the company, and on 15 January 1895 he was named deputy director.

paragraph: About 1878 Camille Cavallier married Thérèse Julie Mangeot ().

paragraph: Their children were Charles (1879–1930) and Jeanne Marguerite Françoise (b. ).

paragraph: Around 1908 his daughter married Marcel Paul (1879–1946), who changed his name to Marcel Paul-Cavallier.

paragraph: Section::::Chief executive: Pre-war period (1899–1914).

paragraph: On 31 January 1899 Camille Cavallier was made joint administrator, and became sole administrator when Rogé retired the next year.

paragraph: On 31 March 1899 Cavallier obtained the Mairy concession in the Briey Basin for the company.

paragraph: Since becoming head of the company Cavallier devoted a large part of his salary to buying shares in the company.

paragraph: In 1900, Cavallier held only 8% of the capital of Pont-à-Mousson, with 236 shares.

paragraph: By the time of the meeting of 9 January 1901 he had become the largest shareholder with 816 shares, or 28%, due to acquisition of the shares of Xavier Rogé.

paragraph: By 1912 he controlled 36.8%, including the shares of his family members.

paragraph: By 1910 Cavallier was worth 10 million gold francs, a large but not huge amount.

paragraph: After World War I he controlled 43% of the company's capital.

paragraph: His motivation seems to have been primarily to build up the enterprise through hard work rather than to make a personal fortune.

paragraph: Cavallier built his house beside the factory on the Nancy–Metz road so that he could be "in the middle of his hive."

paragraph: He would work long hours, from 6 in the morning until late at night.

paragraph: A general strike started at Pont-à-Mousson in September 1905, the first, triggered by dismissal of the union's treasurer but caused by long-running grievances over pay.

paragraph: The strike was a shock to the management.

paragraph: Cavallier founded the Fête du travail (Labour Festival) in 1906 in an attempt to reunite the community.

paragraph: In 1910 the steelmaker François de Wendel ran for election as deputy in Briey, opposed by a local physician who was supported by the Fédération républicaine.

paragraph: He lost by 3,506 votes to the doctor's 3,820.

paragraph: Wendel was convinced, perhaps correctly, that Cavallier had engineered his defeat since he distrusted Wendel's dealings with union leaders and thought he had encouraged the strike .

paragraph: Unlike self-made men such as Cavallier and Alexandre Dreux of the Aciéries de Longwy, Wendel was aristocratic, which did not endear him with the other industrialists.

paragraph: Cavallier transformed the moderately sized cast iron pipe manufacturer into a giant, always concentrating on making pipes.

paragraph: Annual cast iron production rose from 80,000 to 183,000 tons between 1900 and 1913.

paragraph: Cavallier studied use of blast furnace gas for production of electrical power, built a test station, then built a large central power station.

paragraph: He continued to increase the percent of pipes in the company output.

paragraph: In 1903 he installed blast furnaces at Auboué.

paragraph: In 1905 he built a foundry at Foug, throwing up the building and furnaces in a month.

paragraph: In 1905 Cavallier purchased the Moineville concession, which was later merged with the Auboué concession.

paragraph: The company acquired control of the Bayard foundries in Haute-Marne.

paragraph: It also took stakes in the Micheville and Marine-Homécourt steel makers, and after the war would take interests in steelworks in Lorraine and the Saar.

paragraph: At the 23 January 1900 meeting Cavallier pointed out the importance of securing a supply of coke, and proposed to acquire a concession to open a new coal mine.

paragraph: In January 1902 Cavallier began to discuss a joint operation with the Société de Micheville and the Société du Nord et de l'Est to exploit coal deposits in northern Belgium, leading to incorporation of the Société Campinoise on 11 April 1902.

paragraph: The Beeringen-Coursel concession was granted to a group of three exploration companies on 26 November 1906, and Pont-à-Mousson participated in creation of the Société des Charbonnages de Beeringen (Beringen Coal Company) on 23 February 1907.

paragraph: The Beringen deposit was rich, but covered by a layer thick of sands containing aquifers. It was not until after World War I (1914–18) that the first pit was opened on 26 December 1921.

paragraph: In Lorraine Cavallier explored for a continuation of the Saarbrücken coalfield.

paragraph: A test drill of near the central station of the Pont-à-Mousson plant found several layers of coal, but only at great depth.

paragraph: The company took an interest in coal mines in several other parts of northern France.

paragraph: Section::::World War I (1914–18).

paragraph: At the start of World War I the Pont-à-Mousson factory was occupied by the Germans for a few days, and remained less than from the front line.

paragraph: Auboué was occupied.

paragraph: The Foug factory remained in operation, and was converted to manufacture of munitions.

paragraph: Workshops were established at Belleville in 1916 and Sens in 1917.

paragraph: In 1917 Cavallier founded the Fonderie Lorraine to manufacture war materials in Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray, near Rouen.

paragraph: His son in law, Marcel Paul, was given responsibility for the plant, which was built on between the railway and the river.

paragraph: By the end of the war 20% of French shells were being made from cast iron in the Foug foundry.

paragraph: At the 24 January 1917 general meeting Cavallier proposed to appoint a board of directors with representatives of capital and labour.

paragraph: Cavallier became deputy chairman in 1917, and three administrators were named.

paragraph: Marcel Paul was titled "administrateur délégué" and the other two were titled "administrateur directeur général".

paragraph: Towards the end of the war study groups under Humbert de Wendel defined the demands of the Comite des Forges for the post-war settlement.

paragraph: They wanted return of Alsace-Lorraine, cession of the Saar and transfer of Luxembourg from the German Customs Union to a union with Belgium.

paragraph: Camille Cavallier was one of a small number of iron masters who also wanted the left bank of the Rhine.

paragraph: Section::::Post-war period (1918–26).

paragraph: In the post-war period the company faced a massive task of reconstruction, while training new workers to replace those lost in the war.

paragraph: In 1919–20 Pont-à-Mousson took over a major pipe-making facility in the Saar.

paragraph: The company also acquired interests in Lorraine companies that had been liquidated, notably Rombas, and acquired interests in coal mines in the Saar and Moselle.

paragraph: President Raymond Poincaré lit the first reconstructed blast furnace at Pont-à-Mousson 23 November 1919 in a solemn ceremony.

paragraph: Within France, Cavallier was in favor of quota agreements between competing companies to prevent destructive price wars.

paragraph: German demand for iron from Lorraine plummeted after World War I (1914–18).

paragraph: By 1922 total demand was just a tenth of the pre-war demand from the Ruhr alone.

paragraph: Contributing factors were the growing use of the Siemens-Martin process of open hearth furnaces for recycling scrap steel combined with availability of war material to be recycled.

paragraph: In early 1922 Robert Pinot of the Comité des forges explained to Camille Cavallier that this had "permitted a boycotting of our "minette" ore these past years."

paragraph: However, Pont-à-Mousson gradually regained its export markets.

paragraph: On 7 May 1924 Cavallier said the company was self-sufficient in iron ore, and would soon be self-sufficient in coke.

paragraph: It was not until 1925 that Cavallier was able to announce that production had returned to prewar levels.

paragraph: When Cavallier died in 1926 annual production had reached 237,000 tons.

paragraph: His strategy as a pipe specialist led him to move into the export market early on so the company would not depend on fluctuating domestic demand.

paragraph: By the time he died half of the company's output was exported, with 450 foreign cities using Pont-à-Mousson pipes, 127 of them outside of Europe.

paragraph: Cavallier knew that exports forced industry to become more competitive and efficient, and reduced costs helped domestic customers.

paragraph: Cavallier became Vice-President of the Nancy Chamber of Commerce and a member of many committees and associations.

paragraph: He died of a heart attack on 10 June 1926 at his property of Gentilly, at Maxéville, near Nancy, the day after presiding over a general shareholders meeting.

paragraph: At the time of his death he was a member of the board of the Comité des Forges de France, director of about twenty companies, and had received many honors and official commissions.

paragraph: Cavallier had chosen his son-in-law, Marcel Paul, as his successor.

paragraph: The heirs of Xavier Rogé and two other shareholders, Colonel Plassiart and the Lorraine banker Paul Lenglet, still had sizeable shareholdings.

paragraph: In the early 1920s Cavallier arranged for them to form a pact within a financial company, Filor (Financière Lorraine).

paragraph: This lasted until 1964, when the founding families still controlled 50% of the capital of Pont-à-Mousson.

description: French business owner

wikidata_label: Camille Cavallier

wikipedia_title: Camille Cavallier


text:
née
Gräfsnäs
Arvid August Afzelius
Madame de Staël
Racine
Corneille
Marguerite Georges
tableau vivant
pantomime
Henriette Hendel-Schütz
colonel
Baron
Sebastian von Knorring
Axevalla
Fredrika Bremer
Emilie Flygare-Carlén
Malla Silfverstolpe
Carl Jonas Love Almqvist
August Blanche
Fredrika Bremer
Emilie Flygare-Carlén

categories: 1848 deaths,Swedish nobility,19th-century Swedish women writers,1797 births,19th-century Swedish novelists

paragraph: Sophie von Knorring

paragraph: Sophie Margareta von Knorring, née "Zelow" (28 September 1797 – 13 February 1848), was a Swedish novelist and noble. She is regarded as a pioneer of the realistic novel in Sweden. Most of her novels are romantic love stories in an aristocratic environment.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: She was born the offspring of the noble major Christer Göran Zelow, chamberlain at the royal court, and Helena Sophia Gripenstedt, at the manor Gräfsnäs on 28 September 1797. She and her four younger sisters was given an education regarded suitable for a female noble before marriage and debuting in aristocratic high society life: German, English, French, Italian, Music, painting and dance, all provided for by private teachers at home. They were taught religion, history and literature by the poet Arvid August Afzelius.

paragraph: She lived in the capital of Stockholm with her mother and sisters from 1810, where she debuted in society in the 1812–13 season. This was a particularly lively society season in Stockholm, which is estimated to have affected her and her work: she was introduced to Madame de Staël, for whom she felt deep admiration. She also watched Racine and Corneille performed by the French theatre company, including the famous Marguerite Georges, which had been expelled from Russia, and tableau vivants and pantomimes performed by Henriette Hendel-Schütz, which made a great success in Stockholm.

paragraph: In 1814, her father was ruined, and the family lived under limited circumstances. In 1820, she married colonel Baron Sebastian von Knorring. Her marriage in did not change her economic situation much, as though her spouse was a noble, he supported himself merely at his salary. She followed her spouse on his commendations: from 1834, they lived permanently in Axevalla. From 1827, she suffered from consumption, and though she "long mastered it successfully", she was forced to spend her winters inside, and eventually died from it. She was able to travel abroad a couple of times; she visited Copenhagen in 1838 and Germany and Austria in 1846.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Sophie von Knorring debuted in 1834. As her first novels depicted several private people, such as her own former love objects, she initially wished to remain anonymous.

paragraph: Her debut "Cousinerna" (The cousins) treats the subject of love opposite duty. A reoccurring theme in all her work was the tragedy in having to give up forbidden love, though this was also something necessary to do in the end. Her love stories normally portrayed the passionate love affair between a demonic male character and a virtuous female, who tragically but heroically defeated her forbidden desire with sense, religion and duty, even when acknowledging that there is nothing more painful in life than forsaking love.

paragraph: In her novel "Förhoppningar" (Hopes), the hero of the story was the sixteen-year-old stepson and his former stepmother, the widow Ottilia, which was a controversial combination in the 19th century. According to the critic Böök: "She caresses desires in parallel with praising duty", which was reoccurring theme in her work. von Knorring herself stated that her true element was "the deepest secrets of the human of every day life". In her novel "Torparen" (The Farmer), her first novel not set in an aristocratic environment, she defended the right of "people of the lower order" to have their stories told without prejudice, as "they think, feel, act, rejoice and suffer the same as we do - though under different circumstances". During the 1830s and -40s, her books were translated to German, French, English and Danish.

paragraph: Sophie von Knorring was inspired by Fredrika Bremer, though their opinion regarding feminism differed. Bremer has described von Knorring as a frivolous, witty and vivacious aristocrat with a consuming passion, who only succumbed to religion on her death bed. Her foremost professional rival, Emilie Flygare-Carlén, accused her in her novel "Kamrer Lassman" for being a seductress of youth and for having fault morals. She engaged publicly in an analysis of the psychology of adultery, which made her a target of Almqvist and von Braun. With her friend Malla Silfverstolpe, she participated in the public debate regarding common law marriage: in her novels, she wrote passionately of the strength of forbidden love, but they always ended in her characters tragically forsaking love for duty, and she objected to Almqvist radical idea that people should be able to live together for love without being married. Upon this, Almqvist replied in his article: "Why people argue against what they deep inside desire with the most heavenly corner of their soul".

paragraph: She died of consumption 13 February 1848.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Alongside Carl Jonas Love Almqvist, August Blanche, Fredrika Bremer and Emilie Flygare-Carlén, Sophie von Knorring dominated the Swedish realistic literature in the 1830s and 1840s.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cousinerna (1834) (The cousins)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Illusionerna (1836) (The Illusions)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Skizzer. Första samlingen (1841) (Sketches. First collection)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Förhoppningar (1843) (Expectations)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Torparen och hans omgifning (1843) (The crofter and his inviromnent)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Skizzer. Andra samlingen (1845) (Sketches. Second collection)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bref till hemmet, under en sommarresa 1846 (1847) (Letters home, during a summer journey in 1846)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sophie M Knorring, von, urn:sbl:11659, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Carl-Edvard Nattsén), hämtad 2014-11-15.

description: Swedish novelist and noble

wikidata_label: Sophie von Knorring

wikipedia_title: Sophie von Knorring


text: lyricist

text: poet

text: Kerala

text: Malayalam film industry

text: O. N. V. Kurup

text: Malayalam film

text: Kerala State Film Award

text: Thenum Vayambum

text: Rajasenan

text: Kadinjool Kalyanam

text: G. Devarajan

text: V. Dakshinamurthy

text: K. Raghavan

text: M.S. Viswanathan

text: Shyam

text: Shankar Ganesh

text: Raveendran

text: Jerry Amaldev

text: Johnson

text: Ouseppachan

text: Ilaiyaraaja

text: A. R. Rahman

text: Shyam

text: A. T. Ummer

text: Raveendran

text: G. Devarajan

text: Ilaiyaraaja

text: A. T. Ummer

text: Thrishna

text: Thenum Vayampum

text: Kadinjool Kalyanam

categories: 1941 births,People from Kerala,Kerala State Film Award winners,Living people,Malayalam-language lyricists

paragraph: Bichu Thirumala

paragraph: Bichu Thirumala () is an Indian lyricist and poet from Kerala, who works in the Malayalam film industry. He, along with O. N. V. Kurup, is known for creating the style of arranging beautiful words in Malayalam film songs. In Malayalam cinema, Bichu Thirumala led the group of lyricists who wrote songs for readymade tunes. In 1981, he won the Kerala State Film Award for the best lyricist for the films "Thrishna" and "Thenum Vayambum". Thirumala won the same award for the second time in 1991, for the Rajasenan directed film "Kadinjool Kalyanam".

paragraph: His prolific Malayalam film repertoire includes work with eminent composers like G. Devarajan, V. Dakshinamurthy, M.S. Baburaj, K. Raghavan, M.S. Viswanathan, A.T. Ummer, Shyam, K.J. Joy, Shankar Ganesh, Jaya Vijaya, Raveendran, Jerry Amaldev, Johnson, Ouseppachan, Ilaiyaraaja, A. R. Rahman and the list goes on.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Bichu Thirumala started his lyricist career in the 1972 Malayalam film "Bhaja Govindam". After his modest beginning, Thirumala went on to become one of the most successful Malayalam lyricists and wrote songs for such notable music directors as Shyam, A. T. Ummer, Raveendran, G. Devarajan, and Ilaiyaraaja. In the 1970s he teamed up with music director A. T. Ummer to compose many sweet melodies. Bichu Thirumala penned the lines for AR Rahman's one and only Malayalam music for film, "Yodha". His first song "Brahma Muhoorthathil" became popular as a "lalitha gaanam" or light song since the movie "Bhaja Govindam" did not see the light of the day. Radio Ceylon used to air the song in the early-1970s.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Bichu Thirumala was born to C. G. Bhaskaran Nair and Sasthamangalam Pattanikkunnu Veettil Parukutty Amma on February 13, 1941. He is married to Prasanna (Retd. Finance Officer, Kerala Water Authority) and they have a son named Suman Bichu.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: Kerala State Film Award For Best Lyricist - 1981 for "Thrishna" and "Thenum Vayampum"

paragraph: Kerala State Film Award For Best Lyricist - 1991 for "Kadinjool Kalyanam"

paragraph: Critics Award - 1981

paragraph: Film Fans Award - 1978

paragraph: Stallion International Award

paragraph: Vamadevan Award

paragraph: Sree Chithirathirunal Award

paragraph: P.Bhaskaran Award

description: Indian lyricist

wikidata_label: Bichu Thirumala

wikipedia_title: Bichu Thirumala


text:
Belarus
Barysau
polkovnik
Russian Civil War
White army
Pyotr Vrangel
Turkey
Belarusian national movement
Belarusian Democratic Republic
Constantinople
Bulgaria
Yugoslavia
Kaunas
Prague
Charles University
Nazi Germany
Vasil Zacharka
Belarusian Democratic Republic in exile
Adolf Hitler
Minsk
Belarusian Self-Help
Wilhelm Kube
SS
Prague
Gestapo
South River, New Jersey
United States
Binghamton, New York

categories: Belarusian emigrants to the United States,Belarusian people of World War I,People from Minsk Governorate,Belarusian expatriates in the Czech Republic,Charles University in Prague alumni,1970 deaths,Belarusian collaborators with Nazi Germany,1894 births,Belarusian diplomats,Imperial Russian emigrants to Lithuania,Belarusian military personnel,People from Barysaw District,White movement people,People of the Russian Civil War,Belarusian politicians,White Russian emigrants to Czechoslovakia,Russian military personnel of World War I

image: 512px-Іван_Єрмаченко.jpg

paragraph: Ivan Yermachenka

paragraph: Ivan Yermachenka (, May 13, 1894 - February 25, 1970) was a Belarusian politician, diplomat and writer.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Ivan Yermachenka was born into a peasant family near Barysau. In 1914 he graduated from a Russian under-officer school. He fought during World War I; by the end of it he reached the rank of polkovnik (colonel). During the Russian Civil War of 1917-1922 Yermachenka fought for the anticommunist White army and served as adjutant to General Pyotr Vrangel. In 1920 he emigrated to Turkey, where he joined the Belarusian national movement.

paragraph: In 1921 Yermachenka was appointed ambassador of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in Constantinople and general consul for the Balkans. He established Belarusian consulate missions in Bulgaria and in Yugoslavia.

paragraph: In 1922 he was appointed deputy foreign minister of the democratic Belarusian government in exile in Kaunas. He then moved to Prague where in 1929 he graduated from the Medical Faculty of Charles University.

paragraph: From 1938 Ivan Yermachenka worked on cooperation between the Belarusian exiled government and Nazi Germany. On 20 April 1939 Yermachenka sent together with Vasil Zacharka, the president of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in exile, a seventeen-page memorandum to Adolf Hitler personally asking him to take into account the interests of Belarus in any "future developments". In October 1941 Yermachenka travelled to German-occupied Minsk to set up Belarusian Self-Help, the only legal Belarusian organization at that time. He later became advisor to Wilhelm Kube, the German "Generalkommissar" of Belarus.

paragraph: In the spring of 1943 Yermachenka was dismissed from all his posts as a result of an operation of the SS and the German police against Kube. On April 27, 1943 he was expelled to Prague where the Gestapo arrested him in relation to the September 1943 assassination of Kube. In early 1945 Yermachenka went to Germany.

paragraph: In 1948 Yermachenka emigrated to the US, where he worked as doctor. He co-founded the United Belarusian-American Help Committee in South River, New Jersey and became an active member of the Belarusian community in the United States.

paragraph: He died in Binghamton, New York in 1970.

description: Belarusian politician

wikidata_label: Ivan Yermachenka

wikipedia_title: Ivan Yermachenka


text:
CyberPsychos AOD
Death Equinox
Denver
Readercon
World Horror Convention
Graves' disease
Multiple sclerosis
Pair Go
Janice Kim
Morbid Curiosity
Puck (literary magazine)
Jasmine Sailing's Ode to God
CPAOD Home Page
Bio

categories: Writers from Denver,American book editors,American erotica writers,American magazine editors,Living people

paragraph: Jasmine Sailing

paragraph: Jasmine Sailing is an author, events organizer, performer, music journalist, and editor-publisher of the magazine CyberPsychos AOD. She also organized the Death Equinox conventions in Denver, Colorado, where she resides. She debuted the CPAOD Books book line in 1995.

paragraph: In the 1990s she performed in multiple music bands (as a synthesist and sometimes vocalist), including Futura Ultima Erotica, Goon Patrol, Ludicrous, and YHVH.

paragraph: She was raised in the mountains of Colorado.

paragraph: Sailing has been a guest at Readercon and World Horror Convention.

paragraph: After running Death Equinox 2001 and publishing various books and another Cyber-Psychos AOD, Sailing put her regular projects on hiatus. She had serious health problems from untreated Graves' disease and Multiple sclerosis. She then recuperated while working on more simple projects. One of them was a Pair Go tournament called Te wo Tsunaide. It was the first Pair Go tournament in the United States outside of the US Go Congress, and during the first year she had support and guidance from Korean professional player and Go book author Janice Kim.

paragraph: Section::::Publication history.

paragraph: The publications in which Sailing's works have appeared include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Mammoth Book of Historical Erotica

paragraph: BULLET::::- What the Fuck: the Avant-Porn Anthology

paragraph: BULLET::::- Morbid Curiosity

paragraph: BULLET::::- Q Zine - Puck (literary magazine)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mind Rot

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collective Cauldron

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bare Bone

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bloodsongs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rebel Yell

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jasmine Sailing's Ode to God

paragraph: BULLET::::- CPAOD Home Page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bio

description: author, events organizer, performer, music journalist, editor-publisher

wikidata_label: Jasmine Sailing

wikipedia_title: Jasmine Sailing


text:
Highland cattle
City of York
Barrow-in-Furness
City of York
Elswick
Blackpool
Woodland
Coniston
Barrow-in-Furness
Royal Academy
North British Academy of Arts

categories: English male painters,19th-century English painters,People from Barrow-in-Furness,20th-century English painters,People from York,1859 births

paragraph: Henry Robinson Hall

paragraph: Henry Robinson Hall (1859–1927) was a Victorian and Edwardian landscape painter in oils and watercolours noted for his Highland cattle.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Hall was born to Eliza Robinson in the City of York in 1859 and died on 31 May 1927 at Barrow-in-Furness. He lived in the City of York, Elswick, Blackpool, Woodland, Coniston and Barrow-in-Furness, and married Mary Annie née Bleasdale. He is buried in the yard of St. Andrews parish church at Coniston.

paragraph: Hall was a painter who exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1902 and was a fellow of the North British Academy of Arts.

paragraph: Hall's known works include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Cattle Raid in the Highlands (1890).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coniston Lake from Lake Bank (nd).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denizen of the Highlands (nd).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Drover with Cows by Lake Buttermere Evening (nd).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evening Glow (1902)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Highland Cattle (nd).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Highland Cattle above Loch Maree (nd).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Highland Cattle Loch Lomond (nd).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Highland Cattle, Isle of Skye (nd).

paragraph: BULLET::::- River Wyre Nr Poulton-le-Fylde (1897).

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Dying Stag (1896).

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Ghyll, Coniston, Cumbria (nd).

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Home of the Golden Eagle (nd).

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Young Falconer (nd).

description: British artist

wikidata_label: Henry Robinson Hall

wikipedia_title: Henry Robinson Hall


text: Uruguay

text: midfielder

text: Ittihad FC

text: Saudi Professional League

text: Racing Club de Montevideo

text: Argentine Primera División

text: Estudiantes de La Plata

text: Nacional

text: Cerrito

text: Racing Club de Montevideo

text: Defensor Sporting

text: Indios de Ciudad Juárez

text: San Luis

text: All Boys

text: Argentine Primera División

text: UNAM

text: Uruguayan Primera División

text: Uruguayan Segunda División

text: Argentine Primera statistics

text: profile at soccerway

categories: Uruguayan footballers,Defensor Sporting players,Sportspeople from Montevideo,Sportivo Cerrito players,Liga MX players,Argentine Primera División players,Expatriate footballers in Mexico,1982 births,Indios de Ciudad Juárez footballers,Expatriate footballers in Saudi Arabia,Club Universidad Nacional footballers,Gimnasia y Esgrima de La Plata footballers,Association football midfielders,All Boys footballers,Living people,Estudiantes de La Plata footballers,Uruguayan Primera División players,Uruguayan expatriate footballers,Ittihad FC players,San Luis F.C. players,Expatriate footballers in Argentina,Racing Club de Montevideo players

paragraph: Juan Pablo Rodríguez Conde

paragraph: Juan Pablo Rodríguez Conde (born 14 June 1982) is a Uruguayan football midfielder who plays for Ittihad FC in the Saudi Professional League.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Rodríguez started his career at Racing Club de Montevideo in 2001. He played there until 2003 where he was transferred to Argentine Primera División side Estudiantes de La Plata team where he did not enjoyed much success and finally he was purchased by Nacional. After 2 years of success he moved in 2008 to Cerrito, where he was later loaned to Racing Club de Montevideo again. Time later he was purchased by Defensor Sporting, but he played few matches, so again in 2009 he decided to play for Indios de Ciudad Juárez, where his maximum premium was saving the team from relegatio in Primera División de México Clausura 2009.

paragraph: After half a year in Mexican San Luis, Rodríguez joined All Boys, recently promoted to the Argentine Primera División. In January 2013, he returned to Mexico for UNAM.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Defensor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Uruguayan Primera División: 2007–08

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Racing.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Uruguayan Segunda División: 2007–08

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Argentine Primera statistics at Fútbol XXI

paragraph: BULLET::::- profile at soccerway

description: Uruguayan footballer

wikidata_label: Juan Pablo Rodríguez Conde

wikipedia_title: Juan Pablo Rodríguez Conde


text:
East German
ski jumper
Letalnica bratov Gorišek
Planica
Miro Oman
Yugoslavia

categories: Possibly living people,20th-century births,German male ski jumpers

paragraph: Jürgen Dommerich

paragraph: Jürgen Dommerich was an East German ski jumper.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He set the first official hill record Letalnica bratov Gorišek in Planica on 21 March 1969 with 137 m (449 ft) long jump. Although Miro Oman from Yugoslavia as first person tested this hill two weeks earlier with 135 m (443 ft) long jump. After active career he worked as a trainer at WSV Benneckenstein ski jumping club.

description: German ski jumper

wikidata_label: Jürgen Dommerich

wikipedia_title: Jürgen Dommerich


text:
Hungarian
athlete
1908 Summer Olympics
London
1912 Summer Olympics
Stockholm
100 metres
200 metres

categories: Athletes (track and field) at the 1908 Summer Olympics,Olympic athletes of Hungary,Athletes (track and field) at the 1912 Summer Olympics,Sportspeople from Budapest,1889 births,1976 deaths,Hungarian male sprinters

paragraph: Vilmos Rácz

paragraph: Vilmos Rácz (March 31, 1889 – July 18, 1976) was a Hungarian athlete. He competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London and at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.

paragraph: In the 100 metres, Rácz took second place in his first round heat with a time of 11.4 seconds. He did not advance to the semifinals.

paragraph: His result in the preliminary heats of the 200 metres was no different, with his time of 23.3 seconds putting him second in his heat again.

description: Hungarian athlete

wikidata_label: Vilmos Rácz

wikipedia_title: Vilmos Rácz


text: Corporal

text: Hispanic-American

text: United States

text: Medal of Honor

text: Pickett's Charge

text: Battle of Gettysburg

text: American Civil War

text: Boston, Massachusetts

text: 19th Massachusetts Infantry

text: Flag of Massachusetts

text: Battle of Gettysburg

text: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

text: U.S. Army

text: Norman J. Hall

text: Pickett's Charge

text: Robert E. Lee

text: George G. Meade

text: 19th Virginia Infantry

text: Alexander S. Webb

text: New York City

text: Phil Kearny

text: Grand Army of the Republic

text: Methodist Church

text: Hispanics in the American Civil War

categories: United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,Union Army soldiers,1892 deaths,1844 births,People from Boston,American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor

paragraph: Joseph H. De Castro

paragraph: Corporal Joseph H. De Castro (November 14, 1844 – May 8, 1892), was the first Hispanic-American to be awarded the United States's highest military decoration for valor in combat—the Medal of Honor—for having distinguished himself during Pickett's Charge in the Battle of Gettysburg of the American Civil War.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: De Castro was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Upon the outbreak of the Civil War, he was among the men who joined the all-volunteer 19th Massachusetts Infantry.

paragraph: Section::::Civil War service.

paragraph: De Castro bore the Flag of Massachusetts for Company I, 19th Massachusetts Infantry. The unit participated in the Battle of Gettysburg at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania as part of the III Corps, 3rd Brigade, U.S. Army under the command of Colonel Norman J. Hall. On July 3, 1863, the third and last day of the battle, his unit participated in what became known as Pickett's Charge. The charge was a disastrous infantry assault ordered by Confederate General Robert E. Lee against Major General George G. Meade's Union positions on Cemetery Ridge.

paragraph: During the battle, De Castro attacked a Confederate flag bearer from the 19th Virginia Infantry regiment with the staff of his own flag and seized the 19th Virginia's colors, handing the prize to General Alexander S. Webb. General Webb is quoted as saying, "At the instant a man broke through my lines and thrust a rebel battle flag into my hands. He never said a word and darted back. It was Corporal Joseph H. De Castro, one of my color bearers. He had knocked down a color bearer in the enemy's line with the staff of the Massachusetts State colors, seized the falling flag and dashed it to me". On December 1, 1864, De Castro was one of seven men from the 19th Massachusetts Infantry to be awarded the Medal of Honor.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Medal of Honor citation:

paragraph: Section::::Post Civil War.

paragraph: After the war De Castro entered the regular Army and served for a few years. De Castro married Rosalia Rodriguez and in 1882 moved to New York City. There he was an active member of the Phil Kearny Post Number 8 of the Grand Army of the Republic. During his civilian years he was employed by the New York Barge Office. On May 8, 1892, De Castro died in his home which was located at 244 West 22nd Street. His funeral was held at the 18th Street Methodist Church in New York City and he was buried at Fairmount Cemetery (Section 2, Lot 300, Grave 2) in Newark, New Jersey.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and decorations.

paragraph: Joseph H. De Castro's awards and decorations include the following:

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Battle of Gettysburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Hispanic Medal of Honor recipients

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hispanics in the American Civil War

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Right Before Our Eyes: Latinos Past, Present & Future", Robert Montemayor, Henry (COL) Mendoza.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gettysburg: A Testing of Courage", Noah Andre Trudeau.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pickett's Charge — The Last Attack at Gettysburg", Earl J Hess.

wikidata_label: Joseph H. De Castro

wikipedia_title: Joseph H. De Castro


text:
Margrave of Tuscany
Duke of Spoleto
Margrave of Camerino
Ottonian dynasty
Peter Damian
Hubert
King Hugh
Boniface I
incastellamento
diocese of Lucca
Adalbert II
Arno valley
Arezzo
Otto III
Henry II
Venice
Pietro IV Candiano
Conrad of Ivrea
missus
Pope Gregory V
Bobbio
Gerbert of Aurillac
Guarin of Cuxà
Empress Theophanu
Duke of Bavaria
Aloara
Pandulf Ironhead
Principality of Capua
Landenulf II
south Italian principalities
Laidulf
Pistoia
Lucca
Pisa
House of Canossa
Badia Fiorentina
Mino da Fiesole
Saint Thomas
Placido Puccinelli
Dante Alighieri
Paradiso

categories: Bosonids,950s births,1001 deaths,Margraves of Tuscany,10th-century dukes of Spoleto

paragraph: Hugh, Margrave of Tuscany

paragraph: Hugh (; 953/4 – 21 December 1001), called the Great, was the Margrave of Tuscany from 969 until his death, and the Duke of Spoleto and Margrave of Camerino from 989 to 996 (as "Hugh II"). He restored the state apparatus in Tuscany after decades of neglect by margraves whose main interests lay elsewhere. Hugh supported the new Ottonian dynasty (in Italy since 961), and was praised for his justice by the contemporary theologian Peter Damian in his "De principis officio" (On the Office of a Prince).

paragraph: Hugh was the son and successor of Hubert, an illegitimate son of King Hugh. His mother was Willa, a daughter of Boniface I, Duke of Spoleto and Margrave of Camerino. The Tuscany that Hugh inherited was not yet characterised by "incastellamento" (except in the diocese of Lucca) and royal intervention was rare. It was also larger in area than it had been under the last margrave unaffiliated with the royal family, Adalbert II (died 915). The march was defined less by geography than by the public institutions controlled by the margrave. Hugh had his own tribunals, mints and army, and the lands he distributed to the church in his march was mostly public land.

paragraph: The basis of Hugh's power was the wealthy cities of the Arno valley, although he also possessed extensive landed properties. Towards the end of his life he increasingly dissipated marchesal (public) lands on the foundation of monasteries. The increase in gift-giving to monasteries by Hugh and his vassals ("fideles") has been linked to a "spiritual revival". Hugh gave lands around Arezzo to the Guidi clan, a family he patronised. He also gave some to the churches of the city, acts confirmed later by the emperors Otto III and Henry II. Hugh supported Otto III in his ecclesiastical reforms and against Venice, to whose duke, Pietro IV Candiano, he was related.

paragraph: In 996, Otto placed the eight Adriatic counties disputed between him and the papacy under the joint control of Hugh and Margrave Conrad of Ivrea, also Duke of Spoleto and Camerino, although he also left a "missus" to oversee the courts and finances. In a letter dated 5 August 996 Otto tells Pope Gregory V that "we are leaving the foremost men of Italy as aid and comfort to you—Hugh of Tuscany, faithful to us in everything, and Conrad...", and goes on to assure him he would receive "the works and services due" him in the disputed territory.

paragraph: Hugh took an interest in the affairs of Bobbio, a monastery in disarray, and a correspondence with its abbot in self-imposed exile, Gerbert of Aurillac. Hugh seems also to have been on familiar terms with abbot Guarin of Cuxà. Gerbert wrote Hugh a letter dated 1 August 896. Hugh and Conrad of Ivrea apparently requested the Empress Theophanu to come to Italy to set matters straight at Bobbio. When Gerbert later became pope as Sylvester II, he summoned a synod at Rome on 13 January 1001, at which Hugh was present along with Duke of Bavaria, the future Henry II.

paragraph: In 992, Aloara, the widow of Pandulf Ironhead, who had been regent of the Principality of Capua since her husband's death, died. A revolt broke out at Capua, which under Pandulf had recognised imperial authority, and Prince Landenulf II was assassinated. Hugh, whose job it was as ruler of Spoleto to maintain the link between the south Italian principalities and the empire, intervened to place Pandulf's youngest son, Laidulf on the Capuan throne and quell the revolt.

paragraph: Upon Hugh's death at Pistoia in 1001, his state collapsed. In 1004 war broke out between Lucca and Pisa. The power of the House of Canossa, margraves from 1027 until 1115, barely extended beyond their own lands, and they did not control the cities. Hugh left no children by his wife Judith. He was buried in the Badia Fiorentina, which his mother had founded in 978, where a monument was later added by Mino da Fiesole.

paragraph: Hugh is still commemorated annually by the monks on 21 December, the feast of Saint Thomas. Hugh's life became surrounded by legends and he was remembered by Placido Puccinelli in the 17th century as a moral and pious prince. His tomb was said to be the site of celestial visions. The Tuscan poet Dante Alighieri, in "Paradiso" XVI, 127–30, calls Hugh a "great baron":

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Citations

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Further reading

description: Tuscan noble

wikidata_label: Hugh, Margrave of Tuscany

wikipedia_title: Hugh, Margrave of Tuscany


text: Japanese

text: Pure Land Buddhism

text: Hōnen

text: Shinran

text: Jōdo Shinshū

text: Zhucheng

text: Infinite Life

text: Vimalakirti Sutra

text: Daochao

text: Amitāyurdhyāna Sūtra

text: Xiangji Temple

text: Shaanxi

text: Amitābha

text: nianfo

text: Hōnen

text: Tiantai

text: Sukhavati

text: Avalokiteśvara

text: Mahasthamaprapta

text: Biography of Shan-Tao

categories: Tang dynasty Buddhist monks,Pure Land Buddhists,613 births,681 deaths

paragraph: Shandao

paragraph: Shandao (; Japanese: Zendō; 613-681) was an influential writer for the Pure Land Buddhism, prominent in China, Korea, Vietnam and Japan. His writings had a strong influence on later Pure Land masters including Hōnen and Shinran in Japan.

paragraph: In Jōdo Shinshū, he is considered the Fifth Patriarch.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Shandao was born in what is now present Zhucheng. When he was young, he entered the priesthood and devoted himself to the study of the "Infinite Life" and "Vimalakirti Sutra"s. One day, in the year 641, he visited the temple of the famous Pure Land master Daochao, who happened to be giving a lecture on the "Amitāyurdhyāna Sūtra". This lecture ultimately inspired him to follow and then spread Pure Land Buddhism.

paragraph: Shandao dwelt at Xiangji Temple () in Shaanxi, which continues to honor his memory and contributions. In his lifetime, Shandao wrote five major works on Pure Land Buddhism, with his commentaries on the "Amitāyurdhyāna Sūtra" being among the most influential.

paragraph: Section::::Teachings.

paragraph: Shandao was one of the first to propose that salvation through Amitābha could be achieved simply through his name. The practice known as the nianfo as a way of singular devotion to Amitābha Buddha was all that was needed. In one of his more famous writings, Shandao spoke at great length about how simply saying the name of Amitābha was sufficient for salvation. Centuries later, Shandao's writings would have a strong impact on Hōnen and the Pure Land Buddhist movement in Japan, particularly the "Commentaries on the Amitāyurdhyāna Sūtra" (), particularly this statement: "Only repeat the name of Amitabha with all your heart. Whether walking or standing, sitting or lying, never cease the practice of it even for a moment. This is the very work which unfailingly issues in salvation, for it is in accordance with the Original Vow of that Buddha."

paragraph: Prior to this, Amitābha was incorporated into wider practices such as those found in the Tiantai school as part of complex and often difficult practices. Shandao often used imagery such as the "Light and Name of Amitābha" which "embraces" all beings. Ultimately, such writings marked a change in the way Buddhists viewed salvation through Amitābha.

paragraph: Section::::Teachings.:The Three Minds and Four Modes of Practice.

paragraph: Among Shandao's teachings are the Three Minds and Four Modes of Practice for Pure Land Buddhism. In the "Commentaries", sincere devotion to Amitābha over the long-term leads to three minds, or states of mind:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. The Utterly Sincere Mind

paragraph: BULLET::::2. The Profound, or Deeply Believing, Mind

paragraph: BULLET::::3. The Mind which dedicates one's merit (or good works) toward rebirth in the Pure Land.

paragraph: In "Hymns in Praise of Birth" (Wang-sheng-li-tsan), Shandao taught the Four Modes of Practice that develop through devotion to Amitābha:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Reverence shown to Amitābha and bodhisattvas in Sukhavati: Avalokiteśvara and Mahasthamaprapta.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Wholehearted and exclusive practice of reciting Amitābha's name.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Uninterrupted, as in routine, practice.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Long-term practice.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inagaki, Hisao, trans. (1999). Shan-tao's Exposition of the Method of Contemplation on Amida Buddha, part 1, Pacific World, Third Series, Number 1, 77-89.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inagaki, Hisao, trans. (2000). Shan-tao's Exposition of the Method of Contemplation on Amida Buddha, part 2, Pacific World, Third Series, Number 2, 207-228.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inagaki, Hisao, trans. (2001). Shan-tao's Exposition of the Method of Contemplation on Amida Buddha, part 3, Pacific World, Third Series, Number 3, 277-288.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pas, Julian F. (1995). Visions of Sukhavati: Shan-Tao's Commentary on the Kuan Wu-liang- Shou-Fo Ching. Albany, State University of New York Press,

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inagaki, Hisao: Biography of Shan-Tao A comprehensive look at Shan-Tao's life

description: Chinese Buddhist writer

wikidata_label: Shan-tao

wikipedia_title: Shandao


text:
West German
cross-country skier
1966 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
Winter Olympics
Bayreuth
Bavaria

categories: Sportspeople from Bavaria,Cross-country skiers at the 1976 Winter Olympics,1937 births,Olympic cross-country skiers of West Germany,German male cross-country skiers,Olympic cross-country skiers of the United Team of Germany,Cross-country skiers at the 1972 Winter Olympics,FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in cross-country skiing,People from Bayreuth,Cross-country skiers at the 1964 Winter Olympics,Living people,Cross-country skiers at the 1968 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Walter Demel

paragraph: Walter Demel (born 1 December 1935) is a West German cross-country skier who competed during the 1960s and 1970s. He won a bronze medal in the 30 km event at the 1966 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships.

paragraph: Demel's best finish at the Winter Olympics was 5th in the 30 km and 50 km events in 1972.

paragraph: He was born in Bayreuth, Bavaria, Germany.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- . Incorrect F.I.S listing under Soviet Nationality

description: German cross-country skier

wikidata_label: Walter Demel

wikipedia_title: Walter Demel


text: Whig

text: United States District Judge

text: Parkersburg

text: Virginia

text: West Virginia

text: John G. Jackson

text: Princeton University

text: read law

text: Wirt County

text: Wood County

text: Jackson County

text: David A. McComas

text: Ritchie County

text: Harrisville

text: Peter G. Van Winkle

text: Virginia House of Delegates

text: William Lowther Jackson

text: Arthur I. Boreman

text: Abraham Lincoln

text: John White Brockenbrough

text: Wheeling Convention

text: United States Senate

text: operation of law

text: operation of law

text: Fifteenth Amendment

text: Atlantic City

text: New Jersey

text: Wheeling Convention

text: Jacob B. Jackson

text: Governor of West Virginia

text: James M. Jackson

text: Stonewall Jackson

text: John G. Jackson

text: George Jackson

text: Jackson Memorial Fountain

categories: 19th-century American judges,1824 births,United States federal judges appointed by Abraham Lincoln,Politicians from Parkersburg, West Virginia,Members of the Virginia House of Delegates,Judges of the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia,1907 deaths,Virginia lawyers,Judges of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia,Jackson family of West Virginia,Judges of the United States District Court for the District of West Virginia

paragraph: John Jay Jackson Jr.

paragraph: John Jay Jackson Jr. (August 4, 1824 – September 2, 1907) was a Virginia lawyer and Whig politician who became United States District Judge, initially of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia, later the first judge of the United States District Court for the District of West Virginia and ended his career as the first judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Born on August 4, 1824, in Parkersburg, Virginia (now West Virginia), Jackson's family included several generations of lawyers, politicians and judges. His grandfather, Judge John G. Jackson, who died shortly after young John J. Jackson Jr.'s birth, had been a U.S. Congressman as well as U.S. District Judge for the Western District of Virginia. Young John J. Jackson Jr. received a private education near home, then traveled north to attend the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), from which he graduated in 1845. He then read law and was admitted to the Virginia bar in 1847.

paragraph: Section::::Legal and political career.

paragraph: Jackson began his private legal practice in Wirt County, Virginia (now West Virginia) from 1847 to 1848. Local judges appointed Jackson as the first Wirt County commonwealth attorney (prosecutor) in 1848, the year the county was established from portions of Wood County and Jackson County. The following year his father's friend Judge David A. McComas appointed Jackson Jr. as the commonwealth attorney for more populated Ritchie County (which also became West Virginia in his lifetime and had been split from Wood County in 1843), where he served 1849 until 1850. Residents of Wood county operated considerable businesses in both counties, as well as speculated in land and other resources; the Jackson family had bought land near Harrisville (the Ritchie county seat) in connection with James B. Blair and in Wirt county near the Little Kanawha River in conjunction with William P. Rathbone and his son in law Peter G. Van Winkle. Probably Jackson continued to reside at home (Parkersburg being the Wood county seat), helped his father attend the family's considerable business interests, and only traveled to the outlying counties when court was in session.

paragraph: Jackson Jr. was appointed the Commonwealth attorney for Wood County and served from 1850 to 1851, when the post became elective under the new state constitution. When Jackson resumed his private legal practice, Wood County voters elected (and re-relected) him as one of their delegates in the Virginia House of Delegates. Jackson served part-time from 1852 to 1855, succeeding his cousin and business associate William Lowther Jackson (a future Confederate General) and being succeeded by Arthur I. Boreman (who would become West Virginia's first Governor). After leaving the legislature as 1855 closed, Jackson Jr. concentrated on his family's real estate and other business interests (which boomed after the discovery of oil at Burning Spring in Wirt County), as well as his private legal practice in Parkersburg until 1861.

paragraph: Section::::Federal judicial service.

paragraph: On July 26, 1861, President Abraham Lincoln nominated Jackson to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia vacated by Judge John White Brockenbrough, who had sided with Virginia's secessionists. Jackson's father had opposed secession as well as attended the Wheeling Convention in May, 1861 (following Virginia's secession vote), which ultimately led to West Virginia's statehood in 1863. Meanwhile,the United States Senate confirmed Judge Jackson Jr's appointment on August 3, 1861, and he received his commission the same day. Following West Virginia's secession from Virginia and admission to the Union on June 20, 1863, Jackson was reassigned by operation of law to the United States District Court for the District of West Virginia on June 11, 1864, the new seat having been authorized by 13 Stat. 124. Jackson was reassigned by operation of law to the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia on July 1, 1901, the a new court having been authorized by 31 Stat. 736. Judge Jackson retired on March 15, 1905, ending his federal service.

paragraph: Section::::Federal judicial service.:Notable case.

paragraph: Jackson ruled in 1870 that West Virginia's ex-Confederates were eligible to vote under the Fifteenth Amendment, which had profound effects on the polity in West Virginia.

paragraph: Section::::Federal judicial service.:Tenure.

paragraph: Because Jackson had served from before the creation of the District of West Virginia until after its subdivision, Jackson was the only Judge to ever sit on the United States District Court for the District of West Virginia. Having served for nearly forty-four years, including over forty years in the federal courts in West Virginia, Jackson was known as "the Iron Judge". Jackson became the longest-serving judge appointed by Lincoln.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Jackson died on September 2, 1907, in Atlantic City, New Jersey.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Jackson's father, General John Jay Jackson of Wood County attended the Wheeling Convention on West Virginia statehood. Jackson's brother Jacob B. Jackson served as Governor of West Virginia and his other brother was Circuit Judge and Congressman James M. Jackson. Confederate General Stonewall Jackson was a cousin. His grandfather, John G. Jackson, preceded him as Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia. His great-grandfathers included George Jackson. The Jackson Memorial Fountain at Parkersburg is dedicated to the Jackson family.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacob C. Baas, Jr., "John Jay Jackson, Jr.: Business, Legal and Political Activities, 1847 - 1859", "West Virginia History" Volume 50 (1991), pp. 63–78.

description: United States federal judge

wikidata_label: John Jay Jackson, Jr.

wikipedia_title: John Jay Jackson Jr.