text:
Irvine
folk
blues
country
The Guardian
Tracy Chapman
BBC Radio 2
BBC Radio 6 Music
Warner Music UK
14th Floor Records
XFM
Stoney
Maida Vale Studios
Richard Hawley
The Crucible
Royal Festival Hall
Sam Sweeney
Brooks Williams
Bellowhead
Fay Hield
Jon Boden

wikipedia_title:
Irvine, North Ayrshire
Folk music
Blues
Country music
The Guardian
Tracy Chapman
BBC Radio 2
BBC Radio 6 Music
List of Warner Music Group labels
14th Floor Records
Radio X (United Kingdom)
Stoney (musician)
Maida Vale Studios
Richard Hawley
The Crucible
Royal Festival Hall
Sam Sweeney
Brooks Williams
Bellowhead
Fay Hield
Jon Boden

categories: Music in Sheffield,English singer-songwriters,Living people,People from Sheffield

paragraph: Neil McSweeney

paragraph: Neil McSweeney (born Irvine, Scotland) is a songwriter and musician based in Sheffield, England. His acoustic guitar playing style combines folk, blues and country influences but it is his voice, likened by The Guardian to a male Tracy Chapman, and his direct and personal lyrics for which he is most recognised.

paragraph: McSweeney’s debut album, "Remember To Smile" was released in 2006 by Sheffield independent label, LM Music. Tracks from the album attracted national radio play from BBC Radio 2 and the digital station BBC Radio 6 Music. This led to Postcards being released as a single by Kids Records, the singles arm of Warner Music UK subsidiary 14th Floor Records. Further national radio exposure followed including the track being playlisted by XFM. Around this time McSweeney also accompanied his friend Stoney both on record, on tour and in session for BBC Radio 2’s Dermot O’Leary at Maida Vale Studios.

paragraph: Extensive touring in the UK followed before second album, "Shoreline" emerged in 2009. This was self-released and attracted positive reviews in the national press as well as the attention of fellow Sheffield musician, Richard Hawley. Following support sets at The Crucible in Sheffield and the Royal Festival Hall, McSweeney accompanied Hawley as main support on the European leg of his Truelove’s Gutter tour.

paragraph: During a hiatus from touring in 2011 and 2012, reportedly to spend more time with his young family, McSweeney developed friendships with musicians from the English folk and roots scene. This developed into collaborations which formed the basis for an EP ("The Seventeen EP") and a third full-length album ("Cargo") both released in 2013. The album features contributions from Lucy Farrell, Sam Sweeney, Brooks Williams, Matt Boulter, Vera Van Heeringen, Jock Tyldesley, Andy Seward and others.

paragraph: In Autumn 2013 McSweeney supported English folk group Bellowhead on their UK tour. He was accompanied by Vera van Heeringen and Sweeney. Van Heeringen and McSweeney subsequently collaborated on an EP (released Oct 2015).

paragraph: Other projects include GluePot (with Farrell and Boulter), who released an EP (Lulu the Bear and other Stories) in 2015, and Holler with Fay Hield and Jon Boden.

paragraph: In 2016 McSweeney co-founded Hudson Records with his friend the record producer Andy Bell. In September that year he also joined the University of Sheffield Department of Music where he teaches Music Management.

paragraph: Hudson Records released Neil's fourth album A Coat Worth Wearing in March 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Remember To Smile album

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Sunrise

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Postcards

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Walleye Jean

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Broken Truth

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Smile

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Flowers

paragraph: BULLET::::7. London Road

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Long Way Round

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Heartlands

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Let The Side Down

paragraph: Postcards 7” single

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Postcards

paragraph: BULLET::::2. My Design

paragraph: Shoreline album

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Glencoe

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Standing Still

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Wonder In The Making

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Side To The Sun

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Time

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Rope To Hang

paragraph: BULLET::::7. The Break

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Half A Mind

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Wasters

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Everybody Tells Me I’m Wrong

paragraph: The Seventeen EP

paragraph: BULLET::::1. We Are Here

paragraph: BULLET::::2. In A Dream

paragraph: BULLET::::3. To Live Is To Fly (Townes Van Zandt)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. The Seventeen

paragraph: Cargo album

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Bulldozer

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Be Your Own Dog

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Happiness

paragraph: BULLET::::4. San Miniato

paragraph: BULLET::::5. New Year’s Day

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Sapling Bough

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Snow Blind

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Into The Sound

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Slowly Sets The Sun

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Cargo

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Stop Digging

paragraph: A Coat Worth Wearing album

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Old Glory Blues

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Forlorn Hope

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Danse Macabre

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Land of Cockaigne

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Atlantis

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Strangers of Maresfield Gardens

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Waving Not Drowning

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Night Watchman

paragraph: BULLET::::9. The Call

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website: Neil McSweeney

paragraph: Performed at the wedding of Steffanie and Daniel Cardona, 14 May 2016.

description: British singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Neil McSweeney

wikipedia_title: Neil McSweeney


text:
Štip
Kosovo Vilayet
Ottoman Empire
Bulgarian
Marxist
Bulgarian Communist Party
Simeon II
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

categories: 1977 deaths,Bulgarian communists,Regents of Bulgaria,Members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,People from Štip,People from Kosovo Vilayet,1890 births,Macedonian Bulgarians

paragraph: Todor Pavlov

paragraph: Todor Dimitrov Pavlov (14 February 1890 in Štip, Kosovo Vilayet, Ottoman Empire – 8 May 1977) was a Bulgarian Marxist philosopher, politician, journalist and leading member of the Bulgarian Communist Party. He was one of the three regents for the underage Simeon II from 1944 to 1946. From 1947 to 1962 he was the president of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

description: Regent of Bulgaria

wikidata_label: Todor Pavlov

wikipedia_title: Todor Pavlov


text:
Aeaces
tyrant
Samos
Hera
Pantagnotus
Syloson
penteconters,
Herodotus
archers
Ionia
Miletus
Lesbos
Amasis
Egypt
aqueduct
Tunnel of Eupalinos
Hera
Heraion
Pythagorion
Delos
Ionian
Apollo
Delos
Delphi
Homeric Hymn
Cynaethus
Anacreon
Ibycus
Pythagoras
Megara,
Heraion
Croesus
Delphi
Herodotus
Persian
Cambyses II
trireme
Greece
Sparta
Corinth
Sardis
Oroetus
Magnesia
impaled
crucified
Maiandrios
Syloson
Samos
Achaemenid
Darius I
Otanes
Byron's
Der Ring des Polykrates
Friedrich Schiller
Der Ring des Polykrates
Erich Wolfgang Korngol
Polycrates complex
Mētiokhos kai Parthenopē
Livius
Polycrates of Samos

categories: 6th-century BC Greek people,Archaic tyrants,People executed by crucifixion,Ancient Samians,Executed ancient Greek people,6th-century BC executions,Ancient Greek rulers,People executed by the Achaemenid Empire

paragraph: Polycrates

paragraph: Polycrates (; , in English usually Polycrates but sometimes Polykrates), son of Aeaces, was the tyrant of Samos from c. 538 BC to 522 BC. He had a reputation as both a fierce warrior and an enlightened tyrant.

paragraph: Section::::Establishment of his power.

paragraph: Polycrates took power during a festival of Hera with his brothers Pantagnotus and Syloson, but soon had Pantagnotus killed and exiled Syloson to take full control for himself. He assembled a navy of 100 penteconters, which became the most powerful navy in the Greek world –– Herodotus says that Polycrates was the first Greek ruler to understand the importance of sea power –– and an army of 1,000 archers, and with these forces he implemented a plan to bring all the Greek islands and cities of Ionia under his rule. In pursuit of this goal, he conquered several islands and towns, fought successful actions against Miletus and Lesbos, and formed an alliance with King Amasis of Egypt.

paragraph: Under Polycrates the Samians developed an engineering and technological expertise to a level unusual in ancient Greece. They built an aqueduct in the form of a tunnel 1100 yards long which can still be seen and which is known as the Tunnel of Eupalinos. The tunnel was constructed by two teams tunneling from opposite sides of a ridge who met in the middle with an error of only six feet—a remarkable engineering feat for the time, and one which probably reflects the practical geometry skills which the Samians had learned from the Egyptians. Polycrates also sponsored the construction of a large temple of Hera, the Heraion, to which Amasis dedicated many gifts, and which at 346 feet long was one of the three largest temples in the Greek world at that time, and he upgraded the harbor of his capital city Pythagorion, ordering the construction of a deep-water mole nearly a quarter mile long, which is still used to shelter Greek fishing boats today.

paragraph: Section::::Religious and cultural activities.

paragraph: One use to which Polycrates put his powerful navy was to control the island of Delos, one of the most important religious centers in Greece, control of which would bolster Polycrates' claim to be the leader of the Ionian Greeks. In 522 BC Polycrates celebrated an unusual double festival in honour of the god Apollo of Delos and of Delphi; it has been suggested that the "Homeric Hymn to Apollo", sometimes attributed to Cynaethus of Chios, was composed for this occasion. Polycrates lived amid great luxury and spectacle and was a patron of the poets Anacreon and Ibycus. The philosopher Pythagoras was also on Samos during his reign but left for Croton about 531 BC, perhaps out of dissatisfaction with his dictatorship. He also attracted to his court, sometimes by offering generous subsidies, an array of prominent craftsmen and professionals from throughout the Greek world, including Eupalinos, the architect of the Tunnel, who was originally from Megara, the famous physician Demodocus of Croton, Rhoikos the architect of the Heraion, and the master metal-worker Theodoros, who had wrought a famous silver bowl which Croesus dedicated at Delphi and which is described by Herodotus, and who also made the ring which was Polycrates' most treasured personal possession. Polycrates established a library on Samos, and showed a sophisticated approach to economic development, importing improved breeds of sheep, goats, and dogs from elsewhere in the Greek world.

paragraph: Section::::Polycrates' fate.

paragraph: According to Herodotus, Amasis thought Polycrates was too successful, and advised him to throw away whatever he valued most in order to escape a reversal of fortune. Polycrates followed the advice and threw a jewel-encrusted ring into the sea; however, a few days later, a fisherman caught a large fish that he wished to share with the tyrant. While Polycrates' cooks were preparing the fish for eating, they discovered the ring inside of it. Polycrates told Amasis of his good fortune, and Amasis immediately broke off their alliance, believing that such a lucky man would eventually come to a disastrous end.

paragraph: It is more likely that the alliance was ended because Polycrates allied with the Persian king Cambyses II against Egypt. By this time, Polycrates had created a navy of 40 triremes, probably becoming the first Greek state with a fleet of such ships. He manned these triremes with men he considered to be politically dangerous, and instructed Cambyses to execute them; the exiles suspected Polycrates' plan, however, and turned back from Egypt to attack the tyrant. They defeated Polycrates at sea but could not take the island.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spartan attack

paragraph: The rebels then sailed to mainland Greece and allied with Sparta and Corinth. Sparta then attempted to invade the island of Samos circa 520. After 40 days they withdrew their unsuccessful siege.

paragraph: Herodotus also tells the story of Polycrates' death. Near the end of the reign of Cambyses, the governor of Sardis, Oroetus, planned to kill Polycrates, either because he had been unable to add Samos to Persia's territory, or because Polycrates had supposedly snubbed a Persian ambassador. In any case, Polycrates was invited to Magnesia, where Oroetus lived, and despite the prophetic warnings of his daughter, who had apparently dreamt of him hanging in the air, being washed by Zeus and anointed by the Sun God Helios, he went and was assassinated. The manner is not recorded by Herodotus, as it was apparently an undignified end for a glorious tyrant, but he may have been impaled and his dead body was crucified. The prophecy was fulfilled as when it rained he was 'washed by Zeus' and when the sun shone he was 'anointed by Helios', as the moisture was sweated from him.

paragraph: After the murder of Polycrates by Oroetes, Samos was ruled by Maiandrios. After some time, Syloson, the brother of Polycrates, was installed as governor of Samos by Achaemenid ruler Darius I, receiving the help of general Otanes to expel the imposter who had taken control after Oroetes.

paragraph: Section::::Polycrates in later culture.

paragraph: Polycrates is mentioned in Byron's famous stanzas "The Isles of Greece:"

paragraph: Polycrates' Ring (German: Der Ring des Polykrates) is a lyrical ballad written in June 1797 by Friedrich Schiller and first published in his 1798 Musen-Almanach annual. It is about how the greatest success gives reason to fear disaster. Schiller relied on the accounts of the fate of Polycrates, tyrant of Samos, in Herodotus' Histories, Book III.

paragraph: The early 20th century opera "Der Ring des Polykrates" by Erich Wolfgang Korngol retells the story of Polycrates as a modern fable.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Polycrates complex

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mētiokhos kai Parthenopē"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Livius, Polycrates of Samos by Jona Lendering

description: son of Aeaces, tyrant of Samos

wikidata_label: Polycrates

wikipedia_title: Polycrates


text: Jahangir

text: Grand Vizier

text: Akbar

text: Sher Afgan

text: Bihar

text: Anarkali

text: Mughal Empire

text: power behind the throne

text: Mumtaz Mahal

text: Shah Jahan

text: Taj Mahal

text: Kandahar

text: Afghanistan

text: Persian

text: nobility

text: Mirza Ghiyas Beg

text: Asmat Begum

text: Khwaja Muhammad Sharif

text: Khurasan

text: Shah Tahmasp

text: Ishfahan

text: Akbar

text: Asaf Khan

text: Kabul

text: Arabic

text: Persian

text: art

text: literature

text: music

text: dance

text: Sher Afgan Khan

text: Ismail II

text: Mughal army

text: Akbar

text: Jahangir

text: Ladli Begum

text: Mewar

text: Jahangir

text: Bardhaman

text: Qutubuddin Koka

text: faujdar

text: Sher Afgan

text: Ladli Begum

text: ladies-in-waiting

text: Ruqaiya Sultan Begum

text: Pieter van den Broecke

text: Akbar

text: Nowruz

text: Shah Jahan

text: Jagat Gosaini

text: Rajput

text: opium

text: jagir

text: Mumtaz Mahal

text: Shah Shuja

text: Wazir

text: Shahryar

text: Mumtaz Mahal

text: Shah Jahan

text: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

text: Shah Jahan

text: Persia

text: Kashmir

text: Shah Jahan

text: Mumtaz Mahal

text: tomb

text: Shahdara Bagh

text: Lahore

text: pietra dura

text: Indu Sundaresan

text: Harold Lamb

text: Naseem Banu

text: Sohrab Modi

text: Pukar

text: Noor Jehan

text: Anarkali

text: Veena

text: Taj Mahal

text: Meena Kumari

text: Sheikh Mukhtar

text: Pooja Batra

text: Gauri Pradhan

text: Noorjahan

text: Doordarshan

text: Siyaasat

text: The EPIC Channel

text: Jannat Zubair Rahmani

text: Asaf Khan

text: Achabal Gardens

text: Nurmahal

text: Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah

text: Oxford University Press

text: What'sHerName Podcast

categories: People from Kandahar,Indian women in war,1645 deaths,16th-century Iranian people,Indian people of Iranian descent,Indian female royalty,Indian queen consorts,1577 births,17th-century Iranian people,Indian Muslims,17th-century Indian women,Wives of Jahangir,16th-century Indian women

paragraph: Nur Jahan

paragraph: Nur Jahan (born Mehr-un-Nissa, 31 May 1577 – 18 December 1645) was the twentieth (and last) wife of the Mughal emperor Jahangir.

paragraph: Nur Jahan was born Mehr-un-Nissa, the daughter of a Grand Vizier (Minister) who served under Akbar. Nur Jahan, meaning 'Light of the World', was married at age 17 to a Persian soldier Sher Afgan, governor of Bihar, an important Mughal province. She was a married woman when Prince Salim (the future Emperor Jahangir), Akbar's eldest son, fell in love with her. Two years after Akbar died and Salim became Emperor, Sher Afgan met his death. However, three more years were to pass before a grieving Nur Jahan consented to marrying the Emperor Jahangir. Although Jahangir was deeply in love with Nur Jahan, their actual story bears no resemblance to the entirely fictional legend of Anarkali, a low-born dancing girl who, according to popular folklore and film-lore, had a tragic and doomed love affair with Jahangir. In fact, the relationship between Jahangir and Nur Jahan was even more scandalous in its time than the legend of Anarkali, for Nur Jahan was a widowed woman when the Emperor fell in love with her. A school of historians still believe, though without credible evidence, that Jahangir (then Salim) was already in love with Nur Jahan (then Mehr-un-Nissa) when she was initially married to Sher Afgan. Thwarted by Akbar in his attempts to marry her then, Jahangir plotted to get Sher Afgan killed on the pretext of treachery to finally marry Nur Jahan. However, this theory lacks sound evidences and seems far-fetched.

paragraph: After her wedding to emperor Jahangir, Nur Jahan's rise to power was swift. A strong, charismatic, and well-educated woman who enjoyed the absolute confidence of her husband, Nur Jahan was the most powerful and influential woman at court during a period when the Mughal Empire was at the peak of its power and glory. More decisive and proactive than her husband, she is considered by historians to have been the real power behind the throne for more than fifteen years. Nur Jahan was granted certain honours and privileges which were not enjoyed by any Mughal empress before or after.

paragraph: She was the only Mughal empress to have coinage struck in her name. She was often present when the Emperor held court, and even held court independently when the Emperor was unwell. She was given charge of his imperial seal, implying that her perusal and consent were necessary before any document or order received legal validity. The Emperor sought her views on most matters before issuing orders. The only other Mughal empress to command such devotion from her husband was Nur Jahan's niece Mumtaz Mahal, for whom Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal as a mausoleum. However, Mumtaz took no interest in affairs of state and Nur Jahan is therefore unique in the annals of the Mughal Empire for the political influence she wielded.

paragraph: Section::::Birth and early life (1577–1594).

paragraph: Nur Jahan was born Mehr-un-Nissa on 31 May 1577 in Kandahar, present-day Afghanistan, into a family of Persian nobility and was the second daughter and fourth child of the Persian aristocrat Mirza Ghiyas Beg and his wife Asmat Begum. Both of Nur Jahan's parents were descendants of illustrious families – Ghiyas Beg from Muhammad Sharif and Asmat Begum from the Aqa Mulla clan. Her paternal grandfather, Khwaja Muhammad Sharif, was first a "wazir" to Tatar Sultan the governor of Khurasan, and later was in the service of Shah Tahmasp, who made him the "wazir" of Ishfahan, in recognition of his excellent service. For unknown reasons, Ghiyas Beg's family had suffered a reversal in fortunes in 1577 and soon found circumstances in their homeland intolerable. Hoping to improve his family's fortunes, Ghiyas Beg chose to relocate to India where the Emperor Akbar's court was said to be at the centre of the growing trade industry and cultural scene.

paragraph: Halfway along their route the family was attacked by robbers who took from them their remaining meager possessions. Left with only two mules, Ghiyas Beg, his pregnant wife, and their two children (Muhammad Sharif, Asaf Khan) were forced to take turns riding on the backs of the animals for the remainder of their journey. When the family arrived in Kandahar, Asmat Begum gave birth to their first daughter. The family was so impoverished they feared they would be unable to take care of the newborn baby. Fortunately, the family was taken in by a caravan led by the merchant noble Malik Masud, who would later assist Ghiyas Beg in finding a position in the service of Emperor Akbar. Believing that the child had signaled a change in the family's fate, she was named Mehr-un-Nissa or ‘Sun among Women’. Her father Ghiyas Beg began his career in India, after being given a mansab of 300 in 1577. Thereafter he was appointed "diwan" (treasurer) for the province of Kabul. Due to his astute skills at conducting business, he quickly rose through the ranks of the high administrative officials. For his excellent work he was awarded the title of Itimad-ud-Daula or ‘Pillar of the State’ by the emperor.

paragraph: As a result of his work and promotions, Ghiyas Beg was able to ensure that Mehr-un-Nissa (the future Nur Jahan) would have the best possible education. She became well-versed in Arabic and Persian languages, art, literature, music and dance. The poet and author Vidya Dhar Mahajan would later praise Nur Jahan as having a piercing intelligence, a volatile temper and sound common sense.

paragraph: In 1594, when Nur Jahan was seventeen years old, she married her first husband Ali Quli Istajlu (also known as Sher Afgan Khan). Sher Afgan was an adventurous Persian who had been forced to flee his home in Persia after the demise of his first master Shah Ismail II. He later joined the Mughal army and served under the Emperors Akbar and Jahangir. As a reward for his loyal service, Akbar arranged Nur Jahan's marriage with Sher Afgan. The couple had only one child together, a daughter, named Ladli Begum, who was born in 1605. While participating in a military campaign in Mewar under Prince Salim, Ali Quli Istajlu was bestowed the title of Sher Afgan or "Tiger Tosser". Sher Afgan's role in the rout of the Rana of Udaipur inspired this reward, but his exact actions were not recorded by contemporaries. A popular explanation is that Sher Afgan saved Salim from an angry tigress. The title has been sometimes misquoted in English history of the Mughals as 'Sher Afghan', which would have a different meaning.

paragraph: In 1607, Sher Afgan was killed after it was rumoured he had refused to obey summons from the Governor of Bengal, took part in anti-state activities and attacked the governor when he came to escort Sher Afgan to court. Some have suspected Jahangir for arranging Sher Afgan's death because the latter was said to have fallen in love with Nur Jahan and had been denied the right to add her to his harem. The validity of this rumour is uncertain as Jahangir only married Nur Jahan in 1611, four years after she came to his court. Furthermore, contemporary accounts offer few details as to whether or not a love affair existed prior to 1611 and historians have questioned Jahangir's logic in bestowing honours upon Sher Afgan if he wished to see him removed from the picture. The tomb, still in existence at Purana/ Puratan Chawk in Bardhaman in present-day West Bengal, says that there was a battle between Sher Afgan and Qutubuddin Koka, the then Mughal Subahdar of Bengal and the foster brother of Jahangir in Burdwan in 1610 AD in which both of them died and were buried there at the tomb of Pir Baharam Sakka (died in 1563). Sher Afgan Khan was probably the appointed faujdar in Burdwan. This contradicts the fact that Sher Afgan was murdered in the year 1607.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage to Sher Afgan (1594–1607).:Lady-in-waiting to Empress Ruqaiya (1607–1611).

paragraph: In 1605, the Emperor Akbar died and was succeeded by his eldest son Prince Salim, who took the regal name Jahangir. After her husband Sher Afgan was killed in 1607, Nur Jahan and her daughter, Ladli Begum, were summoned to Agra by Jahangir to act as ladies-in-waiting to his step-mother, the Dowager empress Ruqaiya Sultan Begum. Given the precarious political connections of Sher Afgan before his death, his family would be in certain danger with him gone from those seeking to avenge Qutbuddin's murder. For her own protection, then, Nur Jahan needed to be at the Mughal court in Agra. That she was brought back in honor (presumably because of her father's position at court) was clear from her new post with Ruqaiya Sultan Begum. Ruqaiya, having been the late Emperor Akbar's principal wife and being the most senior woman in the harem, was by stature and ability, the most capable of providing the protection that Nur Jahan needed at the Mughal court.

paragraph: Nur Jahan was flattered to have been brought with her daughter into Ruqaiya's service, for even though she had relatives at court, her husband had gone down in ignominy and she could have rightly expected only the worst. It was under Ruqaiya's care that Nur Jahan was able to spend time with her parents and occasionally visit the apartments where the emperor's women lived.

paragraph: Nur Jahan and her daughter, Ladli Begum, served as ladies-in-waiting to the Empress for four years while earnestly endeavoring to please their imperial mistress. The relationship that grew between Nur Jahan and Ruqaiya appears to have been an extremely tender one. The Dutch merchant and travel writer Pieter van den Broecke, described their relationship in his Hindustan Chronicle, "This Begum [Ruqaiya] conceived a great affection for Mehr-un-Nissa [Nur Jahan]; she loved her more than others and always kept her in her company."

paragraph: Nur Jahan and Jahangir have been the subject of much interest over the centuries and there are innumerable legends and stories about their relationship. Many stories allege an early affection between Nur Jahan and Emperor Jahangir before Nur Jahan's first marriage in 1594. One variation recounts that they were in love when Nur Jahan was seventeen years old, but their relationship was blocked by Emperor Akbar. However more modern scholarship has led to doubts about the existence of a prior relationship between Nur Jahan and Jahangir..

paragraph: Section::::Marriage to Jahangir (1611–1627).:Jahangir's proposal and marriage.

paragraph: In 1611, while shopping with her patroness, Empress Ruqaiya, Nur Jahan met again the Emperor Jahangir at the palace "meena bazaar" during the spring festival of Nowruz which celebrated the coming of the new year. Jahangir proposed immediately and they were married on 25 May of the same year (Wednesday, 12th Rabi-ul-Awwal, 1020 AH/ 25 May 1611 AD). Nur Jahan was thirty four years old at the time of her second marriage and she would be Jahangir's twentieth and last legal wife. According to some accounts they were blessed with two children, while others report the couple remained childless. Incomplete records and Jahangir's abundant number of children obscure efforts to distinguish individual identities and maternity. This confusion is shown by later sources mistakenly identifying Nur Jahan as the mother of Shah Jahan. Jahangir's wife, Jagat Gosaini, a Rajput princess, was actually Shah Jahan's mother.

paragraph: To honour his new beautiful and faithful wife, Jahangir gave her the title of 'Nur Mahal' ("Light of the Palace") upon their marriage in 1611 and 'Nur Jahan' ("Light of the World") five years later in 1616. Jahangir's affection and trust of Nur Jahan led to her wielding a great deal of power in affairs of state. Jahangir's addiction to opium and alcohol made it easier for Nur Jahan to exert her influence. For many years, she effectively wielded imperial power and was recognized as the real force behind the Mughal throne. She sat alongside her husband on the "jharoka" to receive audiences, issued orders, oversaw the administration of several "jagir" (land parcels), and consulted with ministers. She even decreed "Nishan" which was a privilege reserved only for male members of the royal family.

paragraph: Nur Jahan adopted Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal's second son, Prince Shah Shuja, upon his birth in 1616. This new responsibility was given to her due to her high rank, political clout and Jahangir's affection for her. It was also an honour for the empress as Shuja was a special favourite of his grandfather. Nur Jahan had much affection for her husband and remained loyal and faithful to him even after his death.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage to Jahangir (1611–1627).:Family advancements and consolidating power.

paragraph: After Sher Afgan's death Nur Jahan's family was again found in a less than honourable or desired position. Her father was at that time, a "diwan" to an "amir-ul-umra", decidedly not a very high post. In addition both her father and one of her brothers were surrounded by scandal as the former was accused of embezzlement and the latter of treason. Her fortunes took a turn for the better when she married Jahangir. The Mughal state gave absolute power to the emperor, and those who exercised influence over the emperor gained immense influence and prestige. Nur Jahan was able to convince her husband to pardon her father and appoint him Prime Minister. To consolidate her position and power within the Empire, Nur Jahan placed various members of her family in high positions throughout the court and administrative offices. Her brother Asaf Khan was appointed grand Wazir (minister) to Jahangir.

paragraph: Furthermore, to ensure her continued connections to the throne and the influence which she could obtain from it, Nur Jahan arranged for her daughter Ladli to marry Jahangir's youngest son, Shahryar and her niece Arjumand Banu Begum (later known as Mumtaz Mahal) to marry Prince Khurram (the third son of Jahangir and the future Emperor Shah Jahan). The two weddings ensured that one way or another, the influence of Nur Jahan's family would extend over the Mughal Empire for at least another generation.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage to Jahangir (1611–1627).:Mughal empress.

paragraph: Nur Jahan possessed great physical strength and courage. She often went on hunting tours with her husband, and was known for her marksmanship and boldness in hunting ferocious tigers. She is reported to have slain four tigers with six bullets during one hunt. According to Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, this feat inspired a poet to declaim a spontaneous couplet in her honor:

paragraph: Nur Jahan's courage, bravery and administrative skills would prove invaluable during her regency as she defended the Empire's borders in her husband's absence and navigated family feuds, rebel uprisings, and a war of succession brought on by the failure of Jahangir to name an heir before he died on 28 October 1627.

paragraph: Tensions between Nur Jahan and Jahangir's third son, the then-Prince Khurram and future Shah Jahan, had been uneasy from the start. Prince Khurram resented the influence Nur Jahan held over his father and was angered at having to play second fiddle to her favourite Shahryar, his half-brother and her son-in-law. When the Persians besieged Kandahar, Nur Jahan was at the helm of the affairs. She ordered Prince Khurram to march for Kandahar, but he refused. As a result of Prince Khurram's refusal to obey Nur Jahan's orders, Kandahar was lost to the Persians after a forty-five-day siege. Prince Khurram feared that in his absence Nur Jahan would attempt to poison his father against him and convince Jahangir to name Shahryar the heir in his place. This fear brought Prince Khurram to rebel against his father rather than fight against the Persians. In 1622 Prince Khurram raised an army and marched against his father and Nur Jahan. The rebellion was quelled by Jahangir's forces and the prince was forced to surrender unconditionally. Although he was forgiven for his errors in 1626, tensions between Nur Jahan and her stepson would continue to grow underneath the surface.

paragraph: In 1626, the Emperor Jahangir was captured by rebels while on his way to Kashmir. The rebel leader Mahabat Khan had hoped to stage a coup against Jahangir. Riding into battle atop a war elephant, Nur Jahan intervened herself to get her husband released. She ordered the ministers to organize an attack on the enemy in order to rescue the Emperor; she herself would lead one of the units by administering commands from on top of a war elephant. During the battle Nur Jahan's mount was hit and the soldiers of the imperial army fell at her feet. Realizing her plan had failed Nur Jahan surrendered to Mahabat Khan and was placed in captivity with her husband. Unfortunately for the rebels, Mahabat Khan failed to recognise the creativity and intellect of Nur Jahan as she soon was able to organize an escape and raise an army right under his very nose.

paragraph: Shortly after being rescued, Jahangir died on 28 October 1627. Jahangir's death sparked a war of succession between his remaining competent sons Prince Khurram who had proclaimed himself Shah Jahan and Prince Shahryar. Jahangir's eldest son Khusrau had rebelled against the Emperor and was blinded as a result. He was later killed during an uprising in Deccan. Jahangir's second son, Parviz, was weak and addicted to alcohol. Afraid that if Shah Jahan was made emperor she would lose her influence in court, Nur Jahan chose to side with Shahryar who she believed could be manipulated much more easily. During the first half of the war it appeared as though Shahryar and Nur Jahan might turn out to be the victors; however, the two were betrayed by Nur Jahan's brother. Asaf Khan, jealous of his sister's power, sided with Shah Jahan (who was furthermore married to Asaf Khan's daughter Mumtaz Mahal). While Asaf Khan forced Nur Jahan into confinement, Shah Jahan defeated Shahryar's troops and ordered his execution. In 1628, Shah Jahan became the new Mughal emperor.

paragraph: Section::::Later years and death (1628–1645).

paragraph: Nur Jahan spent the remainder of her life confined in a comfortable mansion in Lahore with her daughter Ladli. She was granted an annual amount of 2 Lac rupees by Shah Jahan. During this period she oversaw the completion of her father's mausoleum in Agra, which she herself started in 1622 and is now known as Itmad- ud- daulah's tomb. The tomb served as the inspiration for Taj Mahal, unarguably the zenith of Mughal architecture, the construction of which begun in 1632 and which Nur Jahan must have heard about before she died. Nur Jahan died on 17 December 1645 at age 68. She is buried at her tomb in Shahdara Bagh in Lahore, which she had built herself. Upon her tomb is inscribed the epitaph "On the grave of this poor stranger, let there be neither lamp nor rose. Let neither butterfly’s wing burn nor nightingale sing". Nur Jahan's desire of being close to her husband even in death is visible in the proximity of her tomb to that of her husband, Jahangir's. Her brother Asaf Khan's tomb is also located nearby. The tomb attracts many visitors, both Pakistani and foreign, who come to enjoy pleasant walks in its gardens.

paragraph: Section::::Nur Jahan as a Patron of the Arts and Architecture.

paragraph: According to the Dutch traveller Pelaert her patronage of architecture was extensive, as he notes, "She erects very expensive buildings in all directions- "sarais", or halting places for travellers and merchants, and pleasure gardens and palaces such that no one has seen before" (Pelsaert, pp 50) .In 1620, Nur Jahan commissioned a large "sarai" in Jalandhar district twenty-five miles southeast of Sultanpur. It was such an important "sarai" that, according to Shujauddin, " 'Serai Noor Mahal' in local idiom meant some spacious and important edifice."

paragraph: Tomb of Itimaaduddaula

paragraph: Itimaaduddaula died in January 1622, and his tomb has been generally attributed to Nur Jahan.

paragraph: Itimaduddaula's tomb took six years to finish (1622-1628), and was built at an enormous cost. Itimadaduddaula's tomb was built in his own garden, on the eastern bank of the Yamuna across from Agra. The building is square measuring sixty nine feet on each side, with four octagonal towers rising up one at each corner. The central Vault inside the tomb contain the cenotaphs of Itimadduddaula and his wife, Nur Jahan's mother Asmat Begum. The walls in the central chamber are decorated with paintings set in deep niches. According to Vincent Smith the pietra dura of Itimadadudddaula's tomb was one of the earliset true examples of the technique in India.Nur Jahan also built the Pattar Masjid at Srinagar, and her own tomb at Lahore.

paragraph: According to legend, Nur Jahan is purported to have made contributions to almost every type of fine and practical art. In many cases the attributions can be traced back to Khafi Khan, who according to Ellison Banks Findly, "seems to have been in the business of re-creating Nur Jahan's talents and accomplishments beyond all realistic possibility." According to Findly, Nur Jahan is said to have contributed substantially by introducing a variety of new textiles, among them silver-threaded brocade (badla) and silver-threaded lace (kinari).

paragraph: Section::::Nur Jahan in popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- Novelist Indu Sundaresan has written three books revolving around the life of Nur Jahan. The Taj Mahal trilogy includes "The Twentieth Wife" (2002), "The Feast of Roses" (2003) and "Shadow Princess" (2010).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harold Lamb's historical novel "Nur Mahal" (1935) is based on the life of Nur Jahan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nur Jahan's Daughter" (2005) written by Tanushree Poddar, provides an insight into the life and journey of Nur Jahan from being a widow to the Empress and after, as seen from the perspective of her daughter.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nur Jahan is a character in Ruchir Gupta's historical novel "Mistress of the Throne" (2014, ).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nur Jahan is a major character in "1636: Mission to the Mughals", by Eric Flint and Griffin Barber, (2017, ) a volume of the "Ring of Fire" alternate history hypernovel.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Many poems have also been written on her life.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Films and Television

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jillo Bai portrayed Nur Jahan in the 1931 silent movie "Noor Jahan".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nur Jahan was portrayed by Naseem Banu in Sohrab Modi's film "Pukar" (1939).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Actress Noor Jehan portrayed Empress Nur Jahan in Nandlal Jaswantlal's film "Anarkali" (1953).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mehrunnissa/Nur Jahan was portrayed by actress Veena in M. Sadiq's film "Taj Mahal" (1963).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meena Kumari portrayed Noor Jahan / Meharunnisa in the 1967 movie "Noor Jahan", a dream project of Sheikh Mukhtar, directed by M. Sadiq.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pooja Batra portrayed Empress Nur Jahan in the 2005 Bollywood historical movie "".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gauri Pradhan played the title role of Nur Jahan in the television series "Noorjahan" which aired on Doordarshan channel during 2000-2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Siyaasat" (2015), a critically acclaimed historical drama, which aired on The EPIC Channel, depicted the love story of Nur Jahan and Jahangir. It was based on the novel "The Twentieth Wife" by Indu Sundaresan. Jannat Zubair Rahmani and Charu Shankar portrayed Mehrunnissa/Nur Jahan.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Asaf Khan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Achabal Gardens

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nurmahal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lal, Ruby (2018). "Empress: The Astonishing Reign of Nur Jahan." W. W. Norton.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Islamic Republic News Agency, "Iran India relations span centuries marked by meaningful interactions". 2014. irna.ir

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India", by Ellison Banks Findly, Oxford University Press US. 2000. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chopra, R. M., "Eminent Poetesses of Persian", 2010, Iran Society, Kolkata.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sundaresan, I. (2002). "The twentieth wife". New York: Pocket Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sundaresan, I. (2002). "Power behind the veil".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lal, R. (2018). "Empress: The Astonishing Reign of Nur Jahan". New York: W W Norton.

paragraph: BULLET::::- What'sHerName Podcast (2018). THE EMPRESS: Interview with Nur Jahan biographer Ruby Lal.

description: Padshah Begum of the Mughal Empire

wikidata_label: Nur Jahan

wikipedia_title: Nur Jahan


href: Isin Babylon Marduk-kabit-ahheshu Marduk-nadin-ahhe scribe

text: Isin Babylon Marduk-kabit-aḫḫēšu Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē scribe

categories: 12th-century BC Babylonian kings,Babylonian kings

paragraph: Itti-Marduk-balatu (king)

paragraph: Itti-Marduk-balāṭu, inscribed - “with Marduk (there is) life,” c. 1140–1132 BC, was the 2nd king of the 2nd Dynasty of Isin that ruled over Babylon, and he was the son of its founder, Marduk-kabit-aḫḫēšu. He is thought to be the first of the dynasty actually to rule from the city of Babylon.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He reigned for 8 years according to the "King List C". "The King List A" records 6 years and the "Synchronistic King List" inserts someone with this name after Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē, the 6th king c. 1099–1082 BC, although this part of the text has since crumbled away or been disputed. An inscription gives him some unusual titles, including "šar šarr[i]", king of kings, "migir il[ῑ]", favorite of the gods, and "šakkanak bāb[ili]", viceroy of Babylon, and includes the epithet of "nibītu", chosen, of Anum and Dagan in the royal titulary.

paragraph: There are five extant economic tablets dated to his reign and these include the disposition of grain from the fields after harvest in his first year, provisions for the royal stables and officials, located in the town of Dūr-Sumulael on the Imgur Ishtar canal near Babylon, also hire paid for rented asses (2 tablets), and an inventory of slaves and their families also in his first year. There is a black diorite tablet dated to his reign which is engraved on both sides by the scribe Bau-akhu-iddina, the son of Sin-b[el-ki]tti, the seer, with a copy of a deed recording the sale of certain arable land and gardens in the neighborhood of Bit-Udashi, Bit-Sapri, and Bit-Naniauti, by [Eulmash]-dinanni, the son of Sin-epiri.

paragraph: Like his father before him, he made incursions into Assyria. The Elamites, under their king Shilhak-Inshushinak, the brother of Kutir-Nahhunte, raided repeatedly into Mesopotamia up to the Tigris and as far north as Nuzi around this period.

paragraph: Section::::References.

wikipedia_title: Itti-Marduk-balatu (king)


text:
antiquary
Lichfield
Stratford-upon-Avon
grammar school
surgeon
apothecary
printing press
cathedral
Gentleman's Magazine
Stebbing Shaw
Croxall
Derbyshire
Stafford
Notes and Queries
Dr. Johnson
Boswell
Ashton Lever
Birmingham
Charles Darwin
Pennant
Ashbourne
orreries
South Sea Islands
David Samwell
Royal Society
Captain Cook
Sir John St. Aubyn
Egyptian Hall
Sir Samuel Meyrick
Tower of London
Gloucester
vellum
Catherine Parr
Henry VIII

categories: 18th-century antiquarians,English antiquarians,1793 deaths,1716 births

paragraph: Richard Greene (antiquary)

paragraph: Richard Greene (1716–1793), was an English antiquary and collector of curiosities.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Greene was born at Lichfield in 1716. The Rev. Joseph Greene (1712–1790) (Gent. Mag. 1790, i. 574), headmaster of Stratford-upon-Avon grammar school, was his brother, and Johnson was his relation. He lived and died as a surgeon and apothecary in Lichfield; a Scottish university conferred on him, it is said, the degree of M.D., but though highly gratified he never assumed the title of doctor. In 1758 he was sheriff of the city of Lichfield; he was bailiff in 1785 and in 1790, and was one of the city aldermen.

paragraph: Greene was the first to establish a printing press at Lichfield, and from about 1748 until his death his zeal in collecting objects of interest never flagged. He deposited these curiosities in the ancient registry office of the bishops of that see, which stood nearly opposite the south door of the cathedral, and has long since been pulled down. A view of one side of the room of this museum, sent by the Rev. Henry White of Lichfield, appeared in the 'Gentleman's Magazine' for 1788, pt. ii. 847, and was reproduced in Stebbing Shaw's "History of Staffordshire". The fame of his collections spread far and wide, and the building was open gratuitously on every day except Sundays. After a life entirely spent in the city of his birth he died there on 4 June 1793, aged 77. His first wife was named Dawson, and by her he had one daughter, who married William Wright of Lichfield. His second wife was Theodosia Webb of Croxall in Derbyshire, who died at Lichfield on 1 August 1793; she had one son, Thomas, a lieutenant and surgeon in the Stafford militia. Greene's portrait, with the motto,described by Boswell "truly characteristical of his disposition, Nemo sibi vivat", was engraved in his lifetime, and is inserted in Shaw's 'Staffordshire,' i. 308. A token still exists of him, and is described in 'Notes and Queries,' 1st ser. i. 167, 1850. On one side is represented his bust, with the words 'Richard Greene, collector of the Lichfield Museum, died 4 June 1793, aged 77;' on the other appears a Gothic window, lettered 'west porch of Lichfield Cathedral,' 1800.

paragraph: Section::::Collections.

paragraph: The Thrale family and Dr. Johnson visited and admired Greene's museum in July 1774. Two years later Johnson and Boswell viewed it together. Boswell admired the "wonderful collection" with the neat labels, printed at Greene's own press, and the board with the "names of contributors marked in gold letters" Boswell took 'a hasty glance' at the addition in 1779. There was printed at Lichfield in 1773 "a descriptive catalogue of the rarities in Mr. Greene's museum at Lichfield", with a dedication to Ashton Lever, "from whose noble repository some of the most curious of the rarities had been drawn". In the five-paged list of benefactors to the collection occur the names of Boulton of Soho Works, Birmingham, Doctor Darwin, Charles Darwin, Peter Garrick, Dr. Johnson, Pennant, Pegge, Dr. Taylor of Ashbourne, and Dr. Withering. A "general syllabus of its contents" and a second edition of the catalogue were published in 1782. The third edition was issued in 1786. In 1773 the collection was rich in coins, crucifixes, watches, and specimens of natural history; by 1786 it had been augmented by additions of minerals, orreries, deeds and manuscripts, missals, muskets, and specimens of armour. It also contained numerous curiosities from the South Sea Islands, which had been given by David Samwell, surgeon of the Discovery, to Miss Seward, who transferred them to Greene, and thus enabled him to obtain a medal struck off by the Royal Society in honour of Captain Cook.

paragraph: A few years after Greene's death the collection was broken up. In 1799 his son sold the fossils and minerals to Sir John St. Aubyn for £100. Next year Bullock bought for a hundred and fifty guineas the arms and armour which were first exhibited at his museum in the Egyptian Hall, and were afterwards added to the collections of Sir Samuel Meyrick and in the Tower of London. Nearly the whole of the remaining curiosities were sold for £600 to Walter Honeywood Yates of Bromsberrow Place, near Gloucester, who made many additions, and in 1801 printed a catalogue of the whole. Most of these afterwards became the property of Richard Wright, surgeon at Lichfield (who was Greene's grandson, being the fifth son of the daughter who married William Wright), and at his death in 1821 the complete contents of his house were again scattered.

paragraph: Greene was a frequent contributor to the pages of the "Gentleman's Magazine". A woodcut from his sketch of a tombstone found in 1746 among the ruins of the friary at Lichfield appeared in its number for September 1746, p. 465; and so late in his life as 1790 he communicated to it a notice of a manual of devotion, written on vellum, and formerly belonging to Catherine Parr, the last wife of Henry VIII. A list of many of these articles, and several of his letters on antiquarian topics are printed by Nichols. Stebbing Shaw was favoured by Greene's son with the loan of some valuable manuscripts and plates from the museum for use in his "History of Staffordshire", and he embodied in his account of Lichfield a description of the collection. When Johnson was desirous of placing an epitaph for his father, mother, and brother on the spot in the middle aisle in St. Michael's Church at Lichfield, where their bones rested, he sent the lines to Greene. Greene contributed some anecdotes of Johnson to 'Johnsoniana' (Boswell, 1835, ed. ix. 248).

wikidata_label: Richard Greene

wikipedia_title: Richard Greene (antiquary)


text:
economist
Five Year Plan
Planning Commission
Second World War
Balance of Payments
Reserve Bank of India
Jawaharlal Nehru
P.V. Narasimha Rao
Keynesian
monetary theory
Thrissur District
B.A.
Madras Christian College
Malcolm Adiseshiah
London School of Economics
monetary policy
Manmohan Singh
Amartya Sen
Jagdish Bhagwati
economic liberalisation in India
Delhi University
Delhi School of Economics
Kerala
Delhi
Centre for Development Studies
Thiruvananthapuram
United Nations
Sree Narayana Guru
welfare economics
Aam Aadmi
Padma Vibhushan
Thiruvananthapuram
The Hindu Businessline

categories: People from Thrissur district,2010 deaths,University of Madras alumni,Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in literature & education,20th-century Indian economists,Indian development economists,Vice-Chancellors of the University of Delhi,1924 births,University of Delhi faculty

paragraph: K. N. Raj

paragraph: Kakkadan Nandanath Raj (13 May 1924 – 10 February 2010) was a veteran Indian economist. He is popularly known as K. N. Raj. He played an important role in India's planned development, drafting sections of India's first Five Year Plan, specifically the introductory chapter when he was only 26 years old. He was a veteran economist in the Planning Commission. He worked out a plan to raise India's rate of savings in the post-Second World War period when the country was in need of foreign aid. He computed India's Balance of Payments for the first time for the Reserve Bank of India. Raj was an advisor to several prime ministers from Jawaharlal Nehru to P.V. Narasimha Rao. Dr. Raj was a Keynesian economist. He studied the application of Keynesian monetary theory in Indian context.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Raj was born in Thrissur District. He did a B.A. from the prestigious Madras Christian College. He was a disciple of a well-distinguished economist Malcolm Adiseshiah at Madras Christian college. His teacher pressed for him to go for higher studies in London School of Economics. His thesis was on the monetary policy of India's central bank. Raj was a companion of distinguished economists like Manmohan Singh, Amartya Sen and Jagdish Bhagwati. Although he was a staunch leftist, he was a critical of Lenin's ideas of the State. Like all other Leftists, he was opposed to the economic liberalisation in India.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Raj joined Delhi University, where he was Professor of Economics and also Vice-Chancellor (from October 1969 to December 1970), spending a total of 18 years there. During that time, he was instrumental in setting up the Delhi School of Economics (DSE).

paragraph: After returning to Kerala from Delhi in 1971, Raj set up the Centre for Development Studies at Thiruvananthapuram, an institution that soon acquired an international reputation for applied economics and social science research. The work that Raj and his colleagues did for the United Nations in the early days of the CDS, and published in 1976, helped shape the contours of what later came to be called the "Kerala model of development" - the co-existence of low per capita income and very high physical quality of life indicators like life expectancy and literacy rate. It was really a paradox between economic and social development.

paragraph: Raj once wrote philosophically: "I think that most of the things that welfare economists talk about are those that are obvious to all of us, especially the common people. In fact, even a pure philosopher and religious thinker like Sree Narayana Guru, who achieved a social transformation in Kerala, spoke about the very same things that welfare economists speak about today: education, health care facilities, even small-scale industries... Many people like me practised welfare economics without knowing that it was welfare economics because we were anxious that economics should help the poor. But people who take economic theory literally would say that this is not our problem." Raj stood for the welfare of Aam Aadmi throughout his life.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 2000.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: K. N. Raj died on 10 February 2010 at a private hospital in Thiruvananthapuram.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hindu Businessline

description: Indian economist

wikidata_label: K. N. Raj

wikipedia_title: K. N. Raj


text: William ap Thomas

text: Raglan Castle

text: Gwladys ferch Dafydd Gam

text: Dafydd Gam

text: Henry V of England

text: Richard of York

text: Yorkist

text: Wars of the Roses

text: King Edward IV

text: Baron Herbert

text: patronymic

text: Knight of the Garter

text: Battle of Towton

text: Jasper Tudor

text: Earl of Pembroke

text: Pembroke Castle

text: Lord Warwick "the Kingmaker"

text: Richard

text: Lancastrians

text: Battle of Edgecote Moor

text: William

text: another William Herbert

text: Sir Richard Herbert

text: Ewyas

text: Anne Devereux

text: Walter Devereux

text: Lord Chancellor of Ireland

text: Elizabeth Merbury

text: William Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke

text: Lady Anne Stafford

text: Duke of Buckingham

text: Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland

text: George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent

text: Baron Grey of Powis

text: Thomas Talbot, 2nd Viscount Lisle

text: Sir Richard Herbert

text: Blanche Milborne

text: The White Queen (miniseries)

categories: Herbert family,1469 deaths,Earls of Pembroke (1468),People of the Wars of the Roses,1420s births,Knights of the Garter,People executed under the Yorkists,Executed Welsh people,Barons Herbert

paragraph: William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1469)

paragraph: William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (c. 142327 July 1469), known as "Black William", was a Welsh nobleman, politician, and courtier. He was the son of William ap Thomas, founder of Raglan Castle, and Gwladys ferch Dafydd Gam, and grandson of Dafydd Gam, an adherent of King Henry V of England.

paragraph: His father had been an ally of Richard of York, and Herbert supported the Yorkist cause in the Wars of the Roses. In 1461 Herbert was rewarded by King Edward IV with the title Baron Herbert of Raglan (having assumed an English-style surname in place of the Welsh patronymic), and was invested as a Knight of the Garter.

paragraph: Soon after the decisive Yorkist victory at the Battle of Towton in 1461, Herbert replaced Jasper Tudor as Earl of Pembroke which gave him control of Pembroke Castle. However, he fell out with Lord Warwick "the Kingmaker" in 1469, when Warwick turned against the King. William and his brother Richard were executed by the Lancastrians, now led by Warwick, after the Battle of Edgecote Moor, near Banbury.

paragraph: Herbert was succeeded by his son, William, but the earldom was surrendered in 1479. It was later revived for a grandson, another William Herbert, the son of Black William's illegitimate son, Sir Richard Herbert of Ewyas.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: He married Anne Devereux, daughter of Walter Devereux, Lord Chancellor of Ireland and Elizabeth Merbury. They had at least ten children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (5 March 145116 July 1491).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Walter Herbert. (c. 1452d. 16 September 1507) Married Lady Anne Stafford, sister to the Duke of Buckingham.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir George Herbert of St. Julians.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip Herbert of Lanyhangel.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cecilie Herbert.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maud Herbert. Married Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Katherine Herbert. Married George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne Herbert. Married John Grey, 1st Baron Grey of Powis, 9th Lord of Powys (died 1497).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabel Herbert. Married Sir Thomas Cokesey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret Herbert. Married first Thomas Talbot, 2nd Viscount Lisle and secondly Sir Henry Bodringham.

paragraph: William had three illegitimate sons but the identities of their mothers are unconfirmed:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Richard Herbert of Ewyas. Father of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (10th Creation). Probably son of Maud, daughter of Adam ap Howell Graunt (Gwynn).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir George Herbert. The son of Frond verch Hoesgyn. Married Sybil Croft.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir William Herbert of Troye. Son of Frond verch Hoesgyn. Married, second, Blanche Whitney (née Milborne) see Blanche Milborne. They had two sons.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The White Queen (miniseries)

description: English peer of the 15th century

wikidata_label: William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke


text:
Ottawa, Ontario
Saint Helen's Island
Montreal
Olivier Durocher
Beechwood Cemetery

categories: Politicians from Montreal,1909 deaths,1834 births,Mayors of Ottawa,Anglophone Quebec people

paragraph: George Cox (Ottawa politician)

paragraph: George Cox (November 17, 1834 – December 17, 1909) was mayor of the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada in 1894.

paragraph: He was born on Saint Helen's Island in Montreal in 1834 and came to Ottawa in 1855. He served as alderman on city council from 1882 to 1888 and in 1891. He was unsuccessful in an attempt to become mayor in 1892, when Olivier Durocher was selected. He did not complete his term as mayor, resigning for health reasons.

paragraph: He died in 1909 and is buried in Beechwood Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chain of Office: Biographical Sketches of the Early Mayors of Ottawa (1847-1948)", Dave Mullington ()

description: Canadian politician and mayor of Ottawa

wikidata_label: George Cox

wikipedia_title: George Cox (Ottawa politician)


text: Montreal

text: Bremen

text: Paris

text: Aachen

text: Trondheim

text: Rotterdam

text: Saint John, New Brunswick

text: Vancouver

text: British Columbia

text: University of British Columbia

text: Berlin

text: Free University of Berlin

text: University of the Arts Bremen

text: Aachen

text: Maastricht

text: Tone Brulin

text: Trondheim

text: Cirque de Soleil

text: Trøndelag

text: Stavanger

text: Molde

text: Bremen

text: Trondheim

text: Rotterdam

text: Hilversum

text: Brussels

text: Wimbledon College of Art

text: Montreal

text: Eichstätt

text: Val-David, Quebec

text: Naples

text: Bremen

text: Bonnefantenmuseum

text: Kunstuitleen

text: Maastricht

text: Ottawa

text: Rimouski

text: Eichstätt

text: Molde

text: Bibliothèque nationale du Québec

text: Bibliothèque nationale de France

text: Paris

text: Bremen

text: Hilversum

text: Hilversum

text: Quebec

text: Moncton

text: Stavanger

text: Molde

text: Brussels

text: Aachen

text: Maastricht

text: Leipzig

text: Cork

text: Baarn

text: Arnhem

text: Edinburgh

text: London

text: Prague

text: Eichstätt

text: Copenhagen

categories: Canadian printmakers,1942 births,Canadian expatriates in the Netherlands,Canadian expatriates in Norway,Artists from New Brunswick,Canadian expatriates in France,Canadian expatriates in Germany,Living people

paragraph: Angelo Evelyn

paragraph: Angelo Evelyn (born 1942) is a Canadian artist.

paragraph: In the course of his career, Evelyn resided and maintained studios in Montreal (Canada), Bremen, Paris, Aachen (Germany), Trondheim (Norway), and Rotterdam (The Netherlands).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Evelyn was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, and grew up in Vancouver, British Columbia, where he obtained a degree in Physics and Mathematics at the University of British Columbia.

paragraph: From May 1966 to February 1967, known as Fred A. Evelyn, he was on meteorological officer training in Ottawa, Toronto, and CFB Trenton with John Gordon, Bob Clibbon, Brian Mason, Dave Philips, Alfred Warkentin, and David Hagborg amongst others.

paragraph: In 1969, he traveled to England. Upon his return in 1970, he briefly held scientific positions in Montréal while simultaneously starting to paint as an autodidact. He soon moved back to Europe and Morocco, however, "filling many sketchbooks with drawings and small paintings." Returning to Montreal in 1971, he resumed his scientific position at McGill University.

paragraph: In 1973, he left Canada, settling down in West Berlin where he enrolled in the Free University of Berlin, earning his livelihood as a painter of billboards for major commercial fairs and exhibitions, while also applying for admission at the Berlin art academy.

paragraph: Section::::Art School.

paragraph: In 1978, Evelyn learned that he would be admitted by the Bremen art academy (now the University of the Arts Bremen but known at the time as "Hochschule für Gestaltung"). Here, he studied painting and 3D design since 1979, obtaining a diploma in 2D design in 1983.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Evelyn has worked as an independent artist in various countries of Europe after completing art school. Having obtained his diploma, the artist moved to Paris in 1983, renting a small studio and engaging in printmaking (using aluminum plates) at the "Cité des Artes". The results of his creative work in Paris were presented in Bremen in 1985 in a large solo exhibition entitled "Collage - Print - Stencil".

paragraph: Section::::Career.:In Germany.

paragraph: In 1985, Evelyn moved from Paris to Aachen, Germany, a provincial town close to the Belgian and Dutch border, where he was able to rent a large studio. In the same year, he had an exhibition at the gallery of Radio Omroep Zuid in Maastricht (The Netherlands). During the next year, he exhibited "in the Suermondt-Ludwig Museum" and had an important solo exhibition in the "Neuer Aachener Kunstverein", both in Aachen, Germany.

paragraph: In that year, he was also artist-in-residence at the "Frans Masereel Centre" in Kasterlee (Belgium).

paragraph: During this period, he sought to reach perfection as a printmaker by taking part in advanced courses in printmaking at the Frans-Masereel Centrum and in other advanced courses, offered by the Czech artist Rudolf Broulim at the RHok (Royal Academy of Arts) Brussels, where he also had a solo exhibition.

paragraph: In 1987, Evelyn was commissioned to do the stage decor for a performance by Tone Brulin's company at the Studio Theater in Trondheim (Norway). The work Evelyn was commissioned to do by Tone Brulin was for Brulin's play "Turandot". It was noteworthy that an avant-garde artist like Tone Brulin would choose Angelo Evelyn for the job.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:In Norway.

paragraph: In 1988, Evelyn moved to Trondheim. Apparently, this was because Evelyn's Dutch wife Annie who had worked as an actress with the Cirque de Soleil, and who had performed in Brulin's "Turandot", had obtained a job teaching "Commedia dell'arte" at the University of Trondheim (now the Norwegian University of Science and Technology) in 1987. The two rented a farm house in Leinstrand (or Trøndelag?) near Trondheim, where he established his new studio. The years in Norway are marked by seascapes inspired not only by the sea as such. They also comprised ecological themes that echoed his awareness of the Norwegian whaling industry and the industrial traces of the North Sea oil boom. Others were apparently tracing memories of tales heard about his father who was a captain in the Canadian navy during the war, in command of one of those ships that protected freighters on their way from North America to Murmansk.

paragraph: In both 1988 and 1989, Evelyn participated in the annual Høstutstilling, or Statens Kunstutstilling at the or Artists House in Oslo, Norway which is described as the "viktigste" (most important) art exhibition in that country. He also received a large grant or stipend from the Norwegian government in 1989. In this year he had also solo exhibitions in Stavanger and in Molde (both in Norway).

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Norway and Germany.

paragraph: While in Norway, Evelyn returned to Germany frequently to organize his exhibitions, among them the big exhibition in Bremen (Lilienthal) entitled "Bilder aus Norwegen und vom Kontinent" (Paintings from Norway and the Continent).

paragraph: Section::::Career.:In the Netherlands.

paragraph: He finally moved from Trondheim to the Rotterdam area in 1993.

paragraph: In the Netherlands, he had difficulties initially to find an appropriate studio, and got involved instead in a Hilversum artist cooperative, the "Grafisch Atelier t'Gooi".

paragraph: Section::::Career.:In the Netherlands.:Activities in Canada, Germany, Britain, etc..

paragraph: In the same year, he had two solo exhibitions in Canada. And the next year, a group exhibition in the RHoK Art Academy in Brussels, together with two other artists, Niek Satijn and Erik Fliek, that was also shown in Hilversum.

paragraph: In 1998, Evelyn founded an international print workshop (the Lithografie Werkstatt Eichstaett) together with two other artists, Li Portenlaenger and Armin Nischk.

paragraph: Simultaneously, the three artists staged the event "200 Jahre Lithographie" in public space and the university as well as in the cathedral "Notre Dame de Sacre Coeur" in Eichstaett (from July 26 to Aug. 18, 1998).

paragraph: In the same year (1998), he also obtained an M.A. in print-making from the Wimbledon School of Art (Wimbledon College of Art, Wimbledon nr. London, England).

paragraph: In September 2005, Evelyn had a joint exhibition in the "Atelier Circulaire" in Montreal together with the Canadian artist Ana Francine Béland.

paragraph: In 2005-2006, Angelo Evelyn and two other artists, Li Portenlänger and Luc Piron, as well as a poet based in Aachen, cooperated on a joint project to artistically reflect the anti-war essence and physical as well as aesthetic reality of a large ensemble of bigger-than-lifesize sculptures embedded in the Jurassic landscape near Eichstätt. The ensemble of sculptures, known locally as the Figurenfeld (field of figures) was created by the sculptor A. Wünsche-Mitterecker, as an early example of land art. It represented a post-battle scene of slaughter and horrid death. The theme was treated in the form of large lithographic prints by Evelyn.

paragraph: In 2006, Evelyn took part in the "Exposition d'Estampes "Voir Grand 2006"" which featured very large prints by Canadian printmakers.

paragraph: In 2005-2008, Evelyn was one of the artists from Quebec ("Artistes du Québec") participating in the "Rencontre Panaméricaine de gravure sur bois".

paragraph: On Nov. 24, 2008, the "Donaukurier" featured both Evelyn and his artist colleague Wolfgang Schmitz, discussing their exhibition. This daily has repeatedly focused on Evelyn, most recently in Feb. 2014, when the "Donaukurier" interviewed Evelyn. An official Eichstaett county (Landkreis Eichstatt) publication refers to him as "this globally renowned artist" ("diesen weltbekannten Künstler").

paragraph: It was also in 2008 that Evelyn was artist in residence in Val-David, Quebec, Canada, creating lithographic prints at the "Atelier de l'Île de Val-David". He also had a solo exhibition in the "Atelier de l'Île" in that year.

paragraph: And in the following year, 2009, the artist had a solo exhibition in the context of a multi-disciplinary encounter, "Incontri con la paleontologia, V edizione: Vacanze Eco-Educative [...]" in the Auditorium Giovanni Paolo II, Seminario Arcivescovile de Benevento, Benevento (Italy). In Benevento (near Naples), he presented 22 lithographic works, among them works he had created during his stay as artist in residence in Val David, Canada, a year earlier. He presented 22 lithographic prints on this occasion.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:In the Netherlands.:Recent international art expos he took part in.

paragraph: Among more recent international art exhibitions that Evelyn was invited to take part in, the following may be mentioned: In 2012, Evelyn was invited to participate in the Second European Lithography Days, Munich (Germany). In 2013 Evelyn took part in the group exhibition "Blue Genes. Bilder zu einer Schnittstelle von Wissenschaft und Kunst" (Blue Genes. "Images relating to an interface of science and art", with Christine Burlon, David Clarkson, Soheyla B. Fahimi, and others. And in 2015, Evelyn took part in the 5e exposition internationale Bisannuelle D'Estampes Miniatures / Fifth International Miniature Print Biennale Exhibition organized by the Ottawa School of Art/'École d'art d'Ottawa. It is described as an "exposition d'une grande qualité". Angelo Evelyn showed his work "4 Head Aches".

paragraph: Section::::Teaching.

paragraph: Evelyn has given numerous workshops as a printmaker, for instance in Molde (Norway), and in Canada.

paragraph: He taught printmaking in 1990 at the Trondheim Art Academy. And in 1999-2000, he taught it at the École des Arts Décoratifs in Strasbourg, France. While teaching printmaking, he also sought to further perfect his knowledge of the art, attending intermittently the Wimbledon School of Art, where he obtained an M.A. in print-making in 1998.

paragraph: Section::::Curating.

paragraph: Evelyn curated a noted exhibition of Dutch artists in Bremen, "The Netherlands Meets Bremen", together with Henk van der Haar.

paragraph: Section::::Collections (Selection).

paragraph: Evelyn's work is part of numerous public collections including the Kommunale Galerie der Stadt Bremen (Municipal Gallery of the City of Bremen), Bremen (Germany), the Graphothek, Bremen (Germany), the Bonnefantenmuseum) (Kunstuitleen), Maastricht (The Netherlands), the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Ottawa (Canada), the Musée Régional de Rimouski, Rimouski (Quebec, Canada), the Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt , Eichstätt (Germany), the City Hall of Capelle a/d Ijssel (the Netherlands), the Molde Kunstforeningen, Molde (Norway), the Bibliothèque nationale du Québec (Quebec, Canada), and the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris (France) .

paragraph: Section::::Solo Exhibitions (Selection).

paragraph: -Key-Leaf-Monument, VHS Galerie (am Schwarzen Meer), Bremen (D)

paragraph: -Weather Keys, Grafisch Atelier 't Gooi, Hilversum (NL)

paragraph: -Het horende oog, Gallery of the IFF, Hilversum (NL)

paragraph: -Topologies Organiques, Galerie Engramme, Quebec (QC)

paragraph: -Blood Pump & Other Themes, Galerie sans Nom, Moncton (CDN)

paragraph: -Organ Gefühle & andre Tema, Rogaland Kunstnersenter, Stavanger (N)

paragraph: -The Insides of the Whale, Molde Kunstforeningen, Molde (N)

paragraph: -Burning Cloud & Other Themes, Galerie van het RHoK, Brussels (B)

paragraph: -New Works of Angelo Evelyn, Neuer Aachener Kunstverein, Aachen (D)

paragraph: -Paintings-Collages-Prints, Galerie van Radio Omroep Zuid, Maastricht (NL)

paragraph: Section::::Group Exhibitions (Selection).

paragraph: -Natürlicherkünstlich (Jahresausstellung), Messehaus am Markt, Leipzig (D)

paragraph: -Wolfgang Schmitz (Album der Schüler), Museum Katharinenhof, Kranenburg (D)

paragraph: -Hybrid, Triskel Gallery, Cork (EIR)

paragraph: -Bezig met bomen (De Gooise Grafici), Kasteel Groeneveld, Baarn (NL)

paragraph: -Land in Zicht, Sonsbeek Art & Design, Arnhem (NL)

paragraph: -Lithography 99, Edinburgh Printmakers, Edinburgh (GB)

paragraph: -Salon des Graphiques, Curwen Gallery, London (GB)

paragraph: -2nd International Print Triennial, Old City Hall, Prague (CZ)

paragraph: -200 Jahre Lithographie, Notre Dame de Sacre Coeur, Eichstätt (D)

paragraph: -Far Out, Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Copenhagen (DK)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website: https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201714/http://www.angeloevelyn.com/

paragraph: BULLET::::- Figurenfeld: Erfahren – Erinnern – The Exhibition at the Catholic University of Eichstaett http://www.art-in-society.de/AS4/EXPO/expo.html

wikidata_label: Angelo Evelyn

wikipedia_title: Angelo Evelyn


text:
American
Who Was Who in America
St. Louis
Claiborne Pell
Folger
Design School for Women
Cooper Union
William Rimmer
New York Evening Post
Daily Evening Transcript
Bread Loaf Mountain
National Academy of Design
Paris Salon
Jean-Paul Laurens
Jacques Fernand Humbert
Gaston Casimir Saint-Pierre
Louis Prang
Paul Tyner
medal
Catskills
Fishkill-on-the-Hudson
New York
Beacon
Museum of Fort Ticonderoga
Columbus Museum of Art
National Museum of Women in the Arts
List of Orientalist artists
Orientalism
Artwork by Ella Ferris Pell

categories: Cooper Union alumni,20th-century American painters,20th-century American sculptors,American women painters,Orientalist painters,1922 deaths,Painters from Missouri,19th-century American women artists,American women illustrators,Artists from New York City,American women sculptors,19th-century American sculptors,20th-century American women artists,Painters from New York (state),Sculptors from New York (state),19th-century American painters,Artists from St. Louis,1846 births

paragraph: Ella Ferris Pell

paragraph: Ella Ferris Pell (January 18, 1846 – 1922) was an American painter, sculptor, and illustrator.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: According to "Who Was Who in America", Pell was born in St. Louis. Claiborne Pell believed that she was a great-niece of his great-great-grandfather, William Ferris Pell, and she was also related to the Folger family.

paragraph: She studied at the Design School for Women at Cooper Union under William Rimmer, graduating in 1870 and creating a sculpture of "Puck" which won praise from the "New York Evening Post". An 1872 mention in the "Daily Evening Transcript" indicates that she was summering in Vermont at Bread Loaf Mountain, and describes her as a "sculptress". She and sister and brother-in-law, Evelyn and Charles H. Todd, soon traveled to Europe, North Africa, and the Near East, a trip during which she painted constantly and illustrated a manuscript by Charles Todd on biblical subjects. By the 1880s she was living in New York City, exhibiting at the National Academy of Design. 1889 and 1890 found her showing at the Paris Salon, listing her teachers as Jean-Paul Laurens, Jacques Fernand Humbert, and Gaston Casimir Saint-Pierre. By later in the 1890s she was living in New York City, creating work for reproduction by Louis Prang and illustrating books, including "Through the Invisible" by Paul Tyner. She also exhibited work as a medalist. She continued summering in the Catskills with her family, and gave an address in Fishkill-on-the-Hudson, New York when exhibiting. She served at various times as the vice-president of the Ladies' Art Association and as president of the Liberal Art League, both in New York City.

paragraph: Pell died in Beacon, New York, a year after her sister, and was buried near the latter in an unmarked grave in the Fishkill Rural Cemetery. Fifty-eight paintings were deposited at the Museum of Fort Ticonderoga along with drawings, diaries, and other memorabilia.

paragraph: Another painting is in the Columbus Museum of Art. As of 1990 none of her sculpture, including an 1872 depiction of "Cordelia with Lear" and a heroic statue of "Andromeda", was known to have survived.

paragraph: Pell's "Salome" of 1890, which was shown at the Salon, was included in the inaugural exhibition of the National Museum of Women in the Arts, "American Women Artists 1830–1930", in 1987.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Orientalist artists

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orientalism

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artwork by Ella Ferris Pell

description: American painter

wikidata_label: Ella Ferris Pell

wikipedia_title: Ella Ferris Pell


text: American football

text: quarterback

text: United States Naval Academy

text: wide receiver

text: Navy Midshipmen football

text: 2015 season

text: Keenan Reynolds

text: Will Worth

text: Fordham

text: East Carolina

text: SMU

text: Temple Owls

text: Army–Navy Game

text: Army Black Knights

text: 2016 Armed Forces Bowl

text: Louisiana Tech

text: Florida Atlantic

text: AAC

text: UCF

text: Temple

text: Malcolm Perry

text: Notre Dame

text: Houston

text: Military Bowl

text: Virginia

text: Ken Niumatalolo

text: Kareem Hunt

text: Napoleon McCallum

text: Air Force

text: Houston

text: Garret Lewis

text: Cincinnati

text: United States Marine Corps

categories: Navy Midshipmen football players,Living people,American football quarterbacks,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Zach Abey

paragraph: Zach Abey is an American football quarterback who attended the United States Naval Academy. He played quarterback and wide receiver for the Navy Midshipmen football team.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2015 season.

paragraph: Abey entered the 2015 season as the fourth string quarterback, sitting behind Keenan Reynolds, Tago Smith, and Will Worth. He did not make a single in game appearance in 2015.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2016 season.

paragraph: Abey began the 2016 season sitting behind Smith and Worth, but moved to second string after Smith suffered a season-ending injury in the season opener against Fordham and Worth became the starter. He appeared in the games the team played against East Carolina and SMU, performing mop-up duty during the large Navy wins. During the 2016 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game, Worth injured his foot and Abey took over for the rest of the game. The Midshipmen lost 34–10 to the Temple Owls. Abey was the starter for the Army–Navy Game, where the Midshipmen lost 21–17 to their arch rival the Army Black Knights for the first time since 2001. He also started for the 2016 Armed Forces Bowl, where Navy lost 48–45 to Louisiana Tech.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2017 season.

paragraph: Abey, now a junior, earned the spot of starting quarterback. In his third career start against Florida Atlantic, Abey rushed for 200 yards and passed for 100 yards. This achievement made it the first time in Naval Academy history that a Midshipmen quarterback has done so in a single game. He was named the AAC Co-Offensive Player of the Week.

paragraph: Through the first five weeks of the 2017 season, Abey ranked fifth among all Division I FBS players with 656 rushing yards. Despite the Midshipmen starting the season 5–0, Abey began showing signs of struggling with reading defenses and pitching the ball on perimeter option players (forcing him to instead run up the middle through the line of scrimmage). In October, he suffered a concussion against UCF and a shoulder injury against Temple. Slotback Malcolm Perry replaced him at quarterback with the exceptions of the Notre Dame (injury to Perry) and Houston (moved back to slotback) games. Perry was eventually named the starter for the Military Bowl against Virginia. With his benching, Abey was considered for a fullback role, though head coach Ken Niumatalolo opted to keep him at quarterback as the backup.

paragraph: In the Military Bowl, Abey recorded 88 rushing yards as part of a Navy bowl-record 452 total yards on the ground, along with a bowl-high five rushing touchdowns, becoming the first player to score five rushing touchdowns in an FBS bowl game since Kareem Hunt in 2015. He was named the game's Most Valuable Player.

paragraph: Abey concluded the 2017 season with 1,413 rushing yards, the second highest in school history behind Napoleon McCallum's 1,587 in 1983.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2018 season.

paragraph: Perry became the permanent starting quarterback for the 2018 season, while Abey was moved to wide receiver. After starting six games at receiver and missing the game against Air Force with a knee injury, Abey became the backup quarterback against Houston behind Garret Lewis when Perry moved to slotback. Abey returned to the starting quarterback role against Cincinnati.

paragraph: Navy ended the season 3–10.

paragraph: Section::::Post-college career.

paragraph: After graduating from the Naval Academy in May 2019, Abey was an assistant coach for the Midshipmen through the 2019 season before serving as a second lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps.

description: American-football player

wikidata_label: Zach Abey

wikipedia_title: Zach Abey


text: United States Army

text: Major General

text: Raeford, North Carolina

text: 120th Infantry Regiment

text: North Carolina National Guard

text: Atlantic Christian College

text: Lieutenant Colonel

text: Battle of the Bulge

text: Command and General Staff College

text: X Corps

text: Inchon landings

text: 13th Infantry Regiment

text: Fort Carson

text: 7th U.S. Army

text: National War College

text: Brigadier General

text: 173rd Airborne Brigade (Separate)

text: Okinawa

text: South Vietnam

text: Bien Hoa Air Base

text: Vung Tau

text: Viet Cong

text: Rung Sat Special Zone

text: Associated Press

text: Peter Arnett

text: Operation 25-65

text: Iron Triangle

text: Operation Hump

text: General Westmoreland

text: Military Assistance Command, Vietnam

text: United States Army Infantry School

text: Fort Benning

text: Major General

text: Fort Polk

text: 25th Infantry Division

text: Fillmore K. Mearns

text: Iran

text: Arlington National Cemetery

categories: United States Army generals,1918 births,2007 deaths,Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)

paragraph: Ellis W. Williamson

paragraph: Ellis W. Williamson (June 4, 1918January 28, 2007) was a United States Army Major General.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Williamson was born in Raeford, North Carolina on 4 June 1918. During high school he joined the 120th Infantry Regiment, part of the North Carolina National Guard.

paragraph: Williamson graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Atlantic Christian College in 1940.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:World War II.

paragraph: Williamson was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in March 1941 and with the US entry into World War II, the 120th Infantry was federalised and sent for overseas service.

paragraph: In January 1945 Williamson, now a Lieutenant Colonel led the 1st Battalion of the 120th Infantry during the Battle of the Bulge.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Post World War II.

paragraph: Williamson graduated from the Command and General Staff College in 1950 and was assigned to the headquarters of X Corps in Korea.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Korean War.

paragraph: As the Assistant Operations Officer of X Corps, Williamson participated in the Inchon landings.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Post Korean War.

paragraph: Williamson took command of the 13th Infantry Regiment at Fort Carson, Colorado, in 1956. In 1959 he was appointed Chief of the Training Division, Headquarters, 7th U.S. Army. He then attended the National War College.

paragraph: Williamson was promoted to Brigadier General in 1963. On 26 March 1963, Williamson was appointed to command the newly activated 173rd Airborne Brigade (Separate) on Okinawa, which was to serve as the quick reaction force or "fire brigade" for the Pacific Command. For over 2 years Williamson trained the 173rd on Okinawa focusing on airborne techniques with an emphasis on jungle warfare, enhanced by training in the Philippines, Thailand and Taiwan.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Vietnam War.

paragraph: On 7 May 1965 Williamson led the 173rd Airborne Brigade in its deployment to South Vietnam, becoming the first major US Army ground combat unit to deploy there. The 173rd was originally assigned to protect Bien Hoa Air Base and the base area at Vung Tau. On arrival at Bien Hoa the 173rd trained in airmobile warfare using the 3 UH-1 helicopters assigned to the Brigade. In mid-May the 173rd commenced combat operations against the Viet Cong. In June Williamson assumed control of the newly arrived 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment and the 161st Battery, Royal New Zealand Artillery.

paragraph: From 28 June to 2 August the 173rd conducted a sweep operation near the Rung Sat Special Zone which failed to locate any Viet Cong. This operation prompted Associated Press correspondent Peter Arnett to write a story stating ""There appeared to be a chain reaction of mistakes that decreed success virtually impossible even before the operation got fully underway. Many observers feel that the U.S. high command may be embarked on a strategy that brought failure to Vietnamese forces before and could bring failure to U.S. forces now."" According to Arnett this story infuriated Williamson who summoned him to his headquarters for a dressing down where he reports Williamson stating that ""Don't you know that the VC are cowards, they fight only at night and when we catch a bunch of them together they run away"" and he urged Arnett to ""get on the team"" reporting positively on U.S. actions.

paragraph: In October 1965 the 173rd launched Operation 25-65 in the Iron Triangle which resulted in little action. Williamson stated that ""the Iron Triangle has been... for all practical purposes destroyed"". He also claimed that the operation proved that American forces could ""go and stay anywhere and anytime in Vietnam"".

paragraph: In November 1965 the 173rd launched Operation Hump at the conclusion of which the unit claimed that they had killed over 400 Vietcong, a figure which was acknowledged to be a guess by Williamson given under pressure from General Westmoreland at Military Assistance Command, Vietnam. Williamson later stated that his forces had ""beat the living hell"" out of the Vietcong, but acknowledged that the battle had only come about because the Vietcong had lured the Americans into a battle at a time and place of their choosing.

paragraph: While Williamson was confident in the search and destroy strategy, an Australian officer expressed doubts in his approach saying that Williamson ""had a dangerous contempt for the guerilla and little understanding of the Viet Cong's objectives or how he fights.""

paragraph: In February 1966 Williamson was appointed assistant commander of United States Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia. He was later promoted to Major General

paragraph: and on 1 November 1966 was given command of the Advanced Infantry Training Center ("Tigerland") at Fort Polk, Louisiana.

paragraph: Returning to Vietnam, on 3 August 1968 Williamson took command of the 25th Infantry Division from MG Fillmore K. Mearns, commanding the unit until 1969.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:1971 to 1973.

paragraph: From 1971 to 1973 Williamson served as the Chief of the U. S. Military Mission in Iran. He retired from the Army in 1973.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Williamson died on 28 January 2007 in Arlington, Virginia and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

wikidata_label: Ellis W. Williamson

wikipedia_title: Ellis W. Williamson


text:
Neumark
Generalfeldmarschall
Thirty Years' War
Generalissimo
Albrecht von Wallenstein
Generalfeldmarschall
Eger Bloodbath
Neumark
Henry the Fowler
Bohemian Revolt
Ferdinand II
cuirassier
Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp
Battle of Stadtlohn
William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
Vienna
Goldgulden
Prague
Bukov
countess of Furstenberg
Kinsky
Hessen
Nassau
Battle of Dessau Bridge
Albrecht von Wallenstein
Gabriel Bethlen
Schmalkalden
Karl von Harrach
Reichsfreiherr
Ferdinand III
Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)
Zittau
Feldmarschall-Lieutenant
Upper Lusatia
Löbau
Görlitz
Broumov
Reichenbach
Nimptsch
Generalfeldmarschall
Hans Georg von Arnim-Boitzenburg
Forst
Bautzen
Bavaria
smear campaign
Gundakar, Prince of Liechtenstein
Hans Ulrich von Schaffgotsch
Ottavio Piccolomini
Walter Butler
Eger
Adam Erdmann Trčka von Lípa
Vilém Kinský

categories: 1585 births,Field marshals of Germany,1634 deaths,People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg,German people of the Thirty Years' War,Generals of the Holy Roman Empire,Assassinated military personnel

paragraph: Christian von Ilow

paragraph: Christian von Ilow (1585 – 25 February 1634) was a Neumark nobleman and Generalfeldmarschall who fought during the course of the Thirty Years' War. At the outbreak of the war, Ilow enlisted into the Imperial army, rapidly advancing through the lower ranks. Through his close association with Imperial Generalissimo Albrecht von Wallenstein, he attained the rank of Generalfeldmarschall. He was killed on 25 February 1634, in the Eger Bloodbath, the culmination of an internal purge of Wallenstein's supporters.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Ilow was born in 1585, to Neumark family of minor nobility. Ilow claimed that his lineage extended to Greece, his ancestors supposedly migrated to Germany during the reign of Henry the Fowler. After participating in his campaigns against the Hungarians, Wends, Moravians and Bohemians, Henry bestowed nobility upon him. Ilow entered Imperial service at the outbreak of the Bohemian Revolt, rapidly advancing through the lower ranks. On 11 December 1621, emperor Ferdinand II transferred the command of a regiment consisting of 1,000 cuirassiers to duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp. Ilow now at the rank of a colonel, assumed direct command of the regiment as the duke was too young of age to do so. The Holsteiners distinguished themselves at the Battle of Stadtlohn, where one of Ilow's officers captured William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar. Ilow paid the officer handsomely, securing the right to escort and personally present his prisoner at the Imperial court in Vienna. Ilow had acquired great riches through plundering enemy territories during the course of the campaign, lending the emperor 70,000 Goldgulden. He then bought a house in Prague as well as the Bohemian estates of Popovitz, Bukov, and Ladowetz. His marriage to widow Anna Albertine of Rziczan countess of Furstenberg, strengthened his ties with the Bohemian political elite represented by the Trczka and Kinsky families, while the estates of Olbramowitz and Drazkow were added to his possessions. In the spring of 1625, Ilow was recalled into active service campaigning in Hessen and Nassau, where his riders gained infamy for their plundering and violent demeanor. Following the Imperial victory at the Battle of Dessau Bridge, Imperial supreme commander Albrecht von Wallenstein departed for Silesia and later Hungary in order to pursue Gabriel Bethlen, leaving Ilow at Schmalkalden. In a letter towards Karl von Harrach, Wallestein states that the reason behind this decision was his resentment for Ilow whom he characterized as vain and gossipy.

paragraph: On 3 November 1627, Ilow was elevated to the status of Reichsfreiherr. On 27 November 1627, Ilow was present at Ferdinand III's crowning as king of Bohemia, he used the occasion in order to showcase his new coat of arms which bore an imperial laurel wreath. In May 1628, he received the command of a 600-man cavalry regiment from Philipp Cratz von Scharfenstein. He spent the following years, recruiting troops for other generals. In September 1631, he fought at the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631). In the early days of October 1631, he briefly occupied Zittau in Saxony before retreating to Bohemia which at the time faced a Saxon invasion. Despite the fact that Wallenstein was removed from command, Ilow continued to solicit his advice, significantly improving their relations. On 8 April 1632, Ilow was promoted into Feldmarschall-Lieutenant. On 13 April, the emperor formalized Wallenstein's return to the position of supreme commander. In April 1632, Ilow fought in Upper Lusatia, by October he had secured Zittau, Löbau, and Görlitz. On 11 November, he helped relieve Broumov from a Saxon siege, spending the winter at Bohemia's northern frontier. In February 1633, he successfully stormed Reichenbach. On 4 June, he captured Nimptsch, which was completely destroyed by fire. Wallenstein employed Ilow as his personal envoy, delivering important messages to the emperor and his generals. On 19 October 1633, he was promoted to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall on Wallenstein's request, much to the dismay of more experienced commanders. He accompanied the Generalissimo in his pursuit of Hans Georg von Arnim-Boitzenburg in the vicinity of Forst, he was then sent back to Lusatia, recapturing Görlitz on 30 October, following a costly engagement. Bautzen fell soon afterwards, Ilow extorted its citizens compelling them to pay a large sum of money. In December, Ilow returned to Bohemia.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Ilow and the fall of Wallenstein.

paragraph: Wallenstein was increasingly criticized for his passivity in face of a Swedish incursion into Bavaria and the collapse of Lorraine under French pressure. His dislike of courtly life and the influence exerted by the church upon the emperor created an axis of undercover opposition that launched a smear campaign against him. On 11 January 1634, Gundakar, Prince of Liechtenstein sent Ferdinand II an official request, recommending Wallenstein's liquidation. A day later, Wallenstein summoned his colonels to sign the First Pilsner Reverse, a declaration of personal loyalty, 49 of them signed immediately while Hans Ulrich von Schaffgotsch and Scherffenberg gathered signatures in Silesia and Upper Austria respectively. Numerous commanders signed the Reverse so as not to arouse suspicion, while at the same time a party centered around Ottavio Piccolomini began circulating an anonymous tract that summarized the army's grudges against Wallenstein. On 17 February, Scherffenberg was arrested in Vienna. On 18 February, a second patent was released accusing Wallenstein of conspiracy and condemning him to death, its publication was delayed so as not to split the army in two. Wallenstein's letters refuting the accusations against him remained unanswered, after realizing that the emperor was positioning troops in such a manner as to surround him he decided to flee to the Swedes. Wallenstein, Ilow and other loyal officers departed from their headquarters on 22 February along with 1,300 men. Irish colonel Walter Butler, the leader of a group of Irish and Scottish officers hired by Piccolomini to assassinate Wallenstein, was ordered by the unsuspecting general to follow them with his 900 dragoons. On 24 February, Wallenstein reached Eger, most of the trusted troops camped outside of the town as it was already garrisoned Butler's dragoons and other anti-Wallenstein elements.. The following day Ilow held a series of meetings with the would be assassins trying to persuade them to remain loyal to their commander. They made the decision to go on with Piccolomini's plan, fearing that they would be branded as rebels should they fail to do so. At 6.00 p.m., Wallenstein's inner circle consisting of Ilow, Adam Erdmann Trčka von Lípa, Vilém Kinský and Captain Niemann were invited by the conspirators to the city's castle for a formal dinner. During the course of the dinner a servant nodded indicating that the conspirators were ready. Six dragoons burst into the dining hall shouting "Who is a good Imperialist?", Butler, John Gordon and Walter Leslie rose from the table yelling "Long live Ferdinand!". Kinský was killed immediately, although he made a desperate attempt to fight back. Ilow grabbed his sword and charged at Gordon; before being able to strike he was knocked to the ground by the dragoons and killed, others met a similar fate. Wallenstein was killed in his residence at 10.00 p.m. An imperial decree equated the participants of the perpetrators of the Eger Bloodbath with executioners. The purge continued with the execution of Schaffgotsch; a number of generals were imprisoned and lost their commands, while the possessions of the accused were confiscated and redistributed. Ilow's daughter, who was born a few days before her father's death, secured the family a small portion of its former estates.

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Citations

wikidata_label: Christian Ilow

wikipedia_title: Christian von Ilow


text:
Olympic weightlifter
2016 Summer Olympics

categories: Olympic weightlifters of Uzbekistan,Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games,Asian Games silver medalists for Uzbekistan,Asian Games medalists in weightlifting,Uzbekistani male weightlifters,1995 births,Weightlifters at the 2014 Asian Games,Weightlifters at the 2018 Asian Games,Weightlifters at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Living people

paragraph: Doston Yokubov

paragraph: Doston Yokubov (born 5 April 1995) is an Uzbek Olympic weightlifter. He represented his country at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

wikidata_label: Doston Yokubov

wikipedia_title: Doston Yokubov