text:
Qing dynasty
chuanqi
The Peach Blossom Fan
Qufu
Confucius
Kangxi Emperor
Li Xiangjun
Southern Ming
kunqu
Macau
p. 942-972
Archive

categories: 1718 deaths,1648 births,Qing dynasty poets,Qing dynasty dramatists and playwrights,People from Qufu,Descendants of Confucius,Poets from Shandong

paragraph: Kong Shangren

paragraph: Kong Shangren (; 1648 – 1718) was a Qing dynasty dramatist and poet best known for his "chuanqi" play "The Peach Blossom Fan" about the last days of the Ming dynasty.

paragraph: Born in Qufu, Kong was a 64th-generation descendant of Confucius. He guided the Kangxi Emperor when he visited Qufu.

paragraph: "The Peach Blossom Fan" tells the story of the love story between the scholar Hou Fangyu and the courtesan Li Xiangjun, against the dramatic backdrop of the short history of the Southern Ming. It remains a favourite of the Kun opera (kunqu) stage.

paragraph: Kong Shangren is known as the author of a curious poem dedicated to the eyeglasses, a Western innovation brought to Macau by the Portuguese.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Owen, Stephen, "Kong Shang-ren, "Peach Blossom Fan": Selected Acts," in Stephen Owen, ed. "An Anthology of Chinese Literature: Beginnings to 1911". New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. p. 942-972 ( (Archive).

alias:
Kong Shangren
Pinzhi
Guyuncaotang
Anfang
Jizhong
Antang
Yuntingshanren
Dongtang

description: Chinese writer

wikidata_label: Kong Shangren

wikipedia_title: Kong Shangren


text: scholastic philosopher

text: Franciscan

text: Bologna

text: Toulouse

text: Sentences

text: University of Paris

text: Pope John XXII

text: Aix-en-Provence

text: spirituals

text: conventuals

text: Sentences

text: Peter Lombard

text: Rome

text: Bologna

text: Immaculate Conception

text: Toulouse

text: Scotist

text: Durandus

text: conceptualism

text: Ockham

text: "Doctor Facundus"

text: The Peter Auriol Homepage

text: Petrus Aureoli

text: Catholic Encyclopedia

categories: Medieval French theologians,Scholastic philosophers,French Franciscans,French philosophers,1280 births,University of Paris faculty,1322 deaths,Scotism,14th-century philosophers

paragraph: Petrus Aureolus

paragraph: Petrus Aureolus ( – January 10, 1322) was a scholastic philosopher and theologian. We know little of his life before 1312. After this time, he taught at the Franciscan convent in Bologna, then at the convent in Toulouse, around 1314. He went to Paris in 1316 in order to qualify for his doctorate, where he read the Sentences. In 1318 he was appointed master of theology at the University of Paris. In 1321, he was appointed by his mentor, Pope John XXII, to the position of Archbishop of Aix-en-Provence, but died not long after in 1322.

paragraph: Section::::Works and doctrine.

paragraph: Auriol's first work was on evangelical poverty, where he argued for a moderate position between those of the spirituals and conventuals. He is best known for the enormous "Scriptum super primum Sententiarum", his commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, which runs to more than 1100 folio pages and was eventually printed in Rome in 1596. He also wrote "Tractatus de principiis", a non-theological work, while he was lector at the Franciscan convent in Bologna some time before 1312, and some treatises on the Immaculate Conception at the Franciscan convent in Toulouse.

paragraph: Auriol was at first a Scotist. Later, he arrived at a position closer to that of the nominalist Durandus. He denied the reality of universals, the existence of species and of the active intellect, the distinction between essence and existence, and the distinction between the soul and its faculties. These doctrines are considered by some to have prepared the way for the conceptualism of Ockham.

paragraph: Ockham was certainly aware of Auriol's work.

paragraph: His ability earned for him the titles of "Doctor Facundus" and "Doctor Abundans".

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quodlibeta", Rome (1596-1605)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Commentariorum in primum librum Sententiarum pars prima et secunda", Rome 1596

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Commentariorum in secundum, tertium et quartum Sententiarum et Quodlibeti tomus secundus", Rome 1605

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scriptum super primum Sententiarum: Distinction I", ed. E.M. Buytaert Franciscan Institute publications, Text series number 3, St. Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute 1952.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scriptum super primum Sententiarum: Distinctions II - VIII", ed. E.M. Buytaert Franciscan Institute publications, Text series number 3, St. Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute 1956.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De unitate conceptus entis", ed. Stephen F. Brown, in "Petrus Aureoli': De unitate conceptus entis (Reportatio Parisiensis in I Sententiarum", dist. 2. p. 1, qq. 1-3 et p. 2 qq 1-2), "Traditio" 50, pp 199–248.

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Peter Auriol Homepage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Auriol in the Franciscan Authors catalogue

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petrus Aureoli at the Catholic Encyclopedia

description: French philosopher

wikidata_label: Petrus Aureolus

wikipedia_title: Petrus Aureolus


text:
English
Portuguese
infante
King
Afonso II of Portugal
Urraca of Castile
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Lord
Serpa
Lamego
Rome
Pope Gregory IX
Fernando Núñez de Lara
Prior
Wyvern
Lordship
Serpa
Alentejo
Portugal
Castile

categories: 1246 deaths,House of Burgundy-Portugal,Portuguese royalty,1217 births,Portuguese infantes

paragraph: Fernando, Lord of Serpa

paragraph: Infante Fernando of Portugal (), or Ferdinand in English, was a Portuguese "infante" (prince), son of King Afonso II of Portugal and his wife Urraca of Castile, daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile.

paragraph: Fernando was born in the summer of 1217 and was made Lord of Serpa and Lamego in 1223. It is known that he travelled to Rome in 1237 to beg for a pardon from Pope Gregory IX for his violence against certain clerics. He died January 19, 1246.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and offspring.

paragraph: He married Sancha Fernández de Lara, daughter of Fernando Núñez de Lara and wife Mayor González, without any documented issue.

paragraph: He had, however, a bastard son by an unknown woman named Sancha Fernandes de Serpa, who was a Prior at Santo Esteban de Alfama,

paragraph: but had illegitimate issue, being the ancestor of the "de Serpa" family.

paragraph: Section::::Coat of arms.

paragraph: In a study from the Spanish historian Faustino Menéndez-Pidal de Navascués", the infante Fernando should have used a Coat of Arms representing a Wyvern ("Serpe" in Portuguese), the symbol of his Lordship of Serpa, in south Alentejo, with a border where, alternately, are represented the arms of Portugal (paternal ancestry) and those of Castile (maternal ancestry).

description: Portuguese infante

wikidata_label: Infante Fernando, Lord of Serpa

wikipedia_title: Fernando, Lord of Serpa


text:
athlete
women's shot put
1960 Summer Olympics

categories: Olympic athletes of the United Team of Germany,1932 births,Polish people of German descent,2010 deaths,Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics,People from Chodzież County,Sportspeople from Greater Poland Voivodeship,German female shot putters

paragraph: Wilfriede Hoffmann

paragraph: Wilfriede Hoffmann (27 November 1932 – 28 January 2010) was a German athlete. She competed in the women's shot put at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

description: German athletics competitor

wikidata_label: Wilfriede Hoffmann

wikipedia_title: Wilfriede Hoffmann


text:
Latin Emperor of Constantinople
Peter II of Courtenay
Yolanda of Flanders
France
Philip
Marquis of Namur
Honorius III
John Ducas Vatatzes
Battle of Poimanenos
emperor of Nicaea
Eudoxia
Theodore I Lascaris
Anna Angelina
George Akropolites
Orthodox Patriarch
Manuel Sarantenos
Marie de Courtenay
Theodore I Laskaris
Lady of Neuville
Burgundian
Morea

categories: 1228 deaths,Roman Catholic monarchs,Capetian House of Courtenay,Year of birth missing,Latin Emperors of Constantinople,Christians of the Crusades,13th-century Latin Emperors of Constantinople

paragraph: Robert I, Latin Emperor

paragraph: Robert I, also Robert of Courtenay (died 1228), Latin Emperor of Constantinople, was a younger son of the emperor Peter II of Courtenay, and Yolanda of Flanders.

paragraph: When it became known in France that Peter of Courtenay was dead, his eldest son, Philip, Marquis of Namur, renounced the succession to the Latin empire of Constantinople in favor of his brother Robert, who set out to take possession of his distracted inheritance. Crowned emperor on March 25, 1221, Robert's first loss was Thessalonica in 1224 to Theodore Doukas of Epiros. Worried about the situation of the Catholic Latin Empire, pope Honorius III called for a crusade for the defense of Thessalonica, but the response was ineffective. In the same year, Robert's empire would suffer another defeat to John Ducas Vatatzes at the Battle of Poimanenos.

paragraph: Following this defeat Robert was compelled to make peace with his chief foe, John III Ducas Vatatzes, emperor of Nicaea, who was confirmed in all his conquests. Robert promised to marry Eudoxia, daughter of the late emperor of Nicaea, Theodore I Lascaris and Anna Angelina. He had been betrothed to Eudoxia on a former occasion; the circumstances surrounding the failed negotiations are unclear, but George Akropolites states that the arrangement was blocked on religious grounds by the Orthodox Patriarch Manuel Sarantenos: Robert's sister Marie de Courtenay was married to Emperor Theodore I Laskaris. Accordingly, Robert, already Theodore's brother-in-law, could not also be his son-in-law. Regardless, Robert soon repudiated this engagement, and married the Lady of Neuville, already the fiancée of a Burgundian gentleman. Heading a conspiracy, the Burgundian drove Robert from Constantinople, he fled to Rome to seek redress from the pope who convinced him to return to Constantinople, but on his return trip, in early in 1228, the emperor died in Morea.

description: Latin Emperor of Constantinople

wikidata_label: Robert of Courtenay

wikipedia_title: Robert I, Latin Emperor


text:
1395
Scottish
Scots
The Brus
Bruce
Stewarts
Brutus
Kirk of St Machar
Oxford
Paris
secular
Robert II
Aberdeen
Aberdeenshire
Galloway
archdeaconry
Dunkeld Cathedral
Avignon
David II
University of Oxford
pounds Scots
exchequer
St Machar's Cathedral
Aberdeen
mass
Kirk of St Machar
Reformation
The Brus
narrative poem
First War of Scottish Independence
Robert the Bruce
Sir James Douglas
Stewart
chivalry
Scotland
Alexander III
heart
Battle of Bannockburn
Patriotic
Scottish literature
Freedom
genealogy of the Stewarts
David II
patron
Buik of Alexander
Roman d'Alexandre
Edinburgh
Alexander Arbuthnot
University of Cambridge
Henry Bradshaw
Legends of the Saints
Legenda Aurea
dialect
English
St. Machar
Aberdeen
St. Ninian
Chaucer
England
Early Scots
Scottish literature
Makar

categories: University of Paris alumni,Scottish poets,Scots Makars,Medieval Scottish writers,1316 births,Scottish clergy,Scottish politicians,Alumni of the University of Oxford,Scottish Roman Catholic priests,Early Scots poets,14th-century Roman Catholic priests,Scots-language writers,1395 deaths,14th-century Scottish writers,People from Aberdeen,Scottish expatriates in France,People from Aberdeenshire,14th-century Scottish poets

paragraph: John Barbour (poet)

paragraph: John Barbour (c.1320 – 13 March 1395) was a Scottish poet and the first major named literary figure to write in Scots. His principal surviving work is the historical verse romance, "The Brus" ("The Bruce"), and his reputation from this poem is such that other long works in Scots which survive from the period are sometimes thought to be by him. He is known to have written a number of other works, but other titles definitely ascribed to his authorship, such as "The Stewartis Oryginalle" ("Genealogy of the Stewarts") and "The Brut" ("Brutus"), are now lost.

paragraph: Barbour was latterly Archdeacon of the Kirk of St Machar in Aberdeen. He also studied in Oxford and Paris. Although he was a man of the church, his surviving writing is strongly secular in both tone and themes. His principal patron was Robert II and evidence of his promotion and movements before Robert Stewart came to power as king tend to suggest that Barbour acted politically on the future king's behalf.

paragraph: He died in 1395, probably in Aberdeen.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: John Barbour may have been born around 1320 if the record of his age in 1375 as 55 is correct. His birthplace is not known, though Aberdeenshire and Galloway have made rival claims.

paragraph: Barbour's first appearance in the historical record comes in 1356 with promotion to the archdeaconry of Aberdeen from a post he had held for less than a year in Dunkeld Cathedral. It is inferred from this that he was also present in Avignon in 1355. In 1357, when David II returned to Scotland from exile and was restored to active kingship, Barbour received a letter of safe-conduct to travel through England to the University of Oxford. He subsequently appears to have left the country in other years coincidental with periods when David II was active king.

paragraph: After the death of David II in 1371, Barbour served in the royal court of Robert II in a number of capacities. It was during this time that he composed, "The Brus", receiving for this in 1377 the gift of ten pounds Scots, and in 1378 a life-pension of twenty shillings. He held various posts in the king's household. In 1372 he was one of the auditors of exchequer and in 1373 a clerk of audit.

paragraph: The only biographical evidence for his closing years is his signature as a witness to sindry deeds in the "Register of Aberdeen" in 1392. According to the obit-book of St Machar's Cathedral, Aberdeen he died on 13 March 1395 and state records show that his life-pension was not paid after that date. Barbour made provision for a mass to be sung for himself and his parents, an instruction that was observed in the Kirk of St Machar until the Reformation.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:The Brus.

paragraph: "The Brus", Barbour's major surviving work, is a long narrative poem written while he was a member of the king's household in the 1370s. Its subject is the ultimate success of the prosecution of the First War of Scottish Independence. Its principal focus is Robert the Bruce and Sir James Douglas, but the second half of the poem also features actions of Robert II's Stewart forebears in the conflict.

paragraph: Barbour's purpose in the poem was partly historical and partly patriotic. He celebrates The Bruce (Robert I) and Douglas throughout as the flowers of Scottish chivalry. The poem opens with a description of the state of Scotland at the death of Alexander III (1286) and concludes (more or less) with the death of Douglas and the burial of the Bruce's heart (1332). Its central episode is the Battle of Bannockburn.

paragraph: Patriotic as the sentiment is, this is expressed in more general terms than is found in later Scottish literature. In the poem, Robert I's character is a hero of the chivalric type common in contemporary romance, Freedom is a "noble thing" to be sought and won at all costs, and the opponents of such freedom are shown in the dark colours which history and poetic propriety require, but there is none of the complacency of the merely provincial habit of mind.

paragraph: Barbour's style in the poem is vigorous, his line generally fluid and quick, and there are passages of high merit. The most quoted part is Book 1, lines 225-228:

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Stewartis Oryginalle.

paragraph: One of Barbour's known lost work is "The Stewartis Oryginalle" which is described as having traced the genealogy of the Stewarts. The Stewart name replaced that of Bruce in the Scottish royal line when Robert II acceded to the throne after the death of David II, his uncle.

paragraph: Robert II was Barbour's royal patron. It is not known how the work came to be lost.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Buik of Alexander.

paragraph: Attempts have been made to name Barbour as the author of the "Buik of Alexander", a Scots translation of the "Roman d'Alexandre" and other associated pieces. This translation borrows much from "The Brus". It survives and is known to us from the unique edition printed in Edinburgh, c. 1580, by Alexander Arbuthnot.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Legends of the Saints.

paragraph: Another possible work was added to Barbour's canon with the discovery in the library of the University of Cambridge, by Henry Bradshaw, of a long Scots poem of over 33,000 lines, dealing with Legends of the Saints, as told in the "Legenda Aurea" and other legendaries. The general likeness of this poem to Barbour's accepted work in verse-length, dialect and style, and the facts that the lives of English saints are excluded and those of St. Machar (the patron saint of Aberdeen) and St. Ninian are inserted, make this ascription plausible. Later criticism, though divided, has tended in the contrary direction, and has based its strongest negative judgment on the consideration of rhymes, assonance and vocabulary.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: As "father" of Scots poetry, Barbour holds a place in the Scotland's literary tradition similar to the position often given to Chaucer, his slightly later contemporary, "vis a vis" the vernacular tradition in England. If he truly was the author of the five or six long works in Scots which different witnesses ascribe to him, then he would have been one of the most voluminous writers of Early Scots, if not the most voluminous of all Scots poets. But his authorship of "The Brus" alone, both for its original employment of the chivalric genre, and as a tale of a struggle against tyranny, secures his place as an important and innovative literary voice who broke new linguistic ground.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- Makar

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Barbour's Bruce", edited by Matthew P. McDiarmid and James A. C. Stevenson, 3 volumes. Edinburgh, Scottish Text Society, 1980-5.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bruce: A Selection", edited by Alexander Kinghorn. Edinburgh, 1960. The Saltire Classics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- - in Scots

paragraph: BULLET::::- - in Scots with Modern English annotations

paragraph: BULLET::::- - a modern English translation

paragraph: BULLET::::- "John Barbour's The Bruce: A Free Translation in Verse by James Higgins". Bury St Edmunds, Abramis, 2013.

description: Scottish poet

enwikiquote_title: John Barbour

wikidata_label: John Barbour

wikipedia_title: John Barbour (poet)


text:
Latin Empire
Constantinople
Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut
Flanders
Margaret I of Flanders
Philip of Alsace
count of Flanders
Fourth Crusade
Constantinople
Boniface of Montferrat
Enrico Dandolo
Venetians
Louis of Blois
Baldwin of Flanders
chevauchée
Philia
Black Sea
Robert de Clari
Alexius V "Murzuphlus" Ducas
Greeks
Latin Empire
Baldwin I
Battle of Adrianople
Bulgarians
Kingdom of Thessalonica
Templar
Ravennika
Lamia
Kaloyan
Tsar
Bulgaria
Theodore I Lascaris
emperor of Nicaea
Boril of Bulgaria
Battle of Philippopolis
Pegai
Nicomedia
Battle of the Rhyndacus
Theodore I Laskaris
George Akropolites
Pelagio Galvani
Pope Innocent III
Oberto II of Biandrate
Maria of Bulgaria
Yolanda
Agnes of Montferrat
Boniface of Montferrat
Maria of Bulgaria
Alexii Slav

categories: Regents of the Latin Empire,Deaths by poisoning,13th-century monarchs in Europe,13th-century monarchs in Asia,Christians of the Fourth Crusade,1170s births,1216 deaths,House of Hainaut,Latin Emperors of Constantinople,13th-century Latin Emperors of Constantinople

paragraph: Henry of Flanders

paragraph: Henry (1176? – 11 June 1216) was the second emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. He was a younger son of Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut (later Baldwin VIII, count of Flanders), and Margaret I of Flanders, sister of Philip of Alsace, count of Flanders.

paragraph: Section::::Leadership in the Fourth Crusade.

paragraph: Having joined the Fourth Crusade in about 1201, he distinguished himself at the sieges of Constantinople and elsewhere. During the July 1203 siege, Henry was one of eight division generals, the others including Boniface of Montferrat (the crusade leader), Doge Enrico Dandolo (leader of the Venetians), Louis of Blois (one of the first nobles to take the cross), and Henry's own brother, Baldwin of Flanders, who controlled the largest division. During the 1204 siege, Henry led a chevauchée expedition to gain supplies and raided a castle in Philia, near the Black Sea with, according to Robert de Clari, about 30 knights and an unspecified number of mounted sergeants. An ambush was laid for him by Emperor Alexius V "Murzuphlus" Ducas, but Henry and his force routed the Greeks soundly, captured a revered icon supposedly containing relics of Christ, and returned to the crusader camp. He soon became prominent among the princes of the new Latin Empire.

paragraph: Section::::In the Latin Empire.

paragraph: When his elder brother, the emperor Baldwin I, was captured at the Battle of Adrianople in April 1205 by the Bulgarians, Henry was chosen regent of the empire, succeeding to the throne when the news of Baldwin’s death arrived. He was crowned 20 August 1206.

paragraph: Upon Henry's ascension as Latin Emperor, the Lombard nobles of the Kingdom of Thessalonica refused to give him allegiance. A two-year war ensued and after defeating the Templar-supported Lombards, Henry confiscated the Templar castles of Ravennika and Zetouni (Lamia.

paragraph: Henry was a wise ruler, whose reign was largely passed in successful struggles with Kaloyan, Tsar of Bulgaria, and with his rival, Theodore I Lascaris, emperor of Nicaea. He later fought against Boril of Bulgaria (1207–1218) and managed to defeat him in the Battle of Philippopolis. Henry campaigned against the Nicean Empire, expanding a small holding in Asia Minor (at Pegai) with campaigns in 1207 (at Nicomedia) and in 1211–1212 (with the Battle of the Rhyndacus), where he captured important Nicean possessions at Nymphaion. Though Theodore I Laskaris could not oppose this later campaign, it appears that Henry decided it best to focus on his European problems, for he sought a truce with Theodore I in 1214, and amicably divided Latin from Nicean possessions to the favour of Nicea.

paragraph: Domestically, Henry appears to have a different character than many of the other Crusader nobles as seen in his even-handed and pragmatic treatment of the Greeks. George Akropolites, the contemporary 13th century Greek historian, notes that Henry "though a Frank by birth, behaved graciously to the Romans who were natives of the city of Constantine, and ranked many of them among his magnates, others among his soldiers, while the common populace he treated as his own people." Indeed, when a Papal legate (Pelagio Galvani, Cardinal-Bishop of Albano) arrived in Constantinople in 1213 and began to imprison Orthodox clergy and to close churches on the orders of Pope Innocent III, Henry countermanded the orders on the request of the city's Greek clergy.

paragraph: Henry appears to have been brave but not cruel, and tolerant but not weak, possessing "the superior courage to oppose, in a superstitious age, the pride and avarice of the clergy." The emperor died, poisoned, it is said, by Oberto II of Biandrate, ex-regent of Thessaloniki, on 11 June 1216. Gardner suggests this happened at the instigation of his wife, Maria of Bulgaria. On his death his brother-in-law Peter Courtenay was crowned emperor in Rome, but never arrived in Constantinople. In the years 1217 to 1219, therefore, the Latin Empire was effectively ruled by Yolanda, Henry's sister and Peter's wife, in regency. The last two Latin emperors were Peter and Yolanda's sons; Robert and Baldwin.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Henry first married (in 1204) Agnes of Montferrat, daughter of Boniface of Montferrat, the Crusade leader, but she had died (probably in childbirth) before her father's death in 1207. Henry's only child by his first wife Agnes apparently died in childbirth with his mother

paragraph: Some contemporary historians say that Henry made a peace with Bulgarians after the death of Kaloyan, and a marriage was arranged in 1213 between Henry and Maria of Bulgaria, daughter of Kaloyan and stepdaughter of Boril, Tsar of Bulgaria.

paragraph: Henry had a daughter with an unnamed mistress. This daughter, whose name is not recorded, later married Alexii Slav who established his own state in the Rodophe mountains. He was later given the title of despot.

description: Empreor of Constantinople

wikidata_label: Henry of Flanders

wikipedia_title: Henry of Flanders


text: Queen of France

text: Louis VIII

text: regent

text: Louis IX

text: Palencia

text: Alfonso VIII

text: King of Castile

text: Eleanor of England

text: Treaty of Le Goulet

text: Philip Augustus

text: John of England

text: Urraca

text: Eleanor of Aquitaine

text: Pyrenees

text: Issoudun

text: Graçay

text: André de Chauvigny

text: Berry

text: Port-Mort

text: Seine

text: interdict

text: Henry II

text: Henry

text: Calais

text: Eustace the Monk

text: Robert I, Latin Emperor

text: Lincoln

text: Sandwich

text: regent

text: Louis IX

text: Reims

text: Ferdinand, Count of Flanders

text: Battle of Bouvines

text: Philip I, Count of Boulogne

text: Agnes of Merania

text: Peter Mauclerc

text: Theobald IV of Champagne

text: Romano Bonaventura

text: Henry III of England

text: Treaty of Paris

text: Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse

text: Joan

text: Alphonse

text: Simon de Montfort

text: Albigensian Crusade

text: Yolande of Brittany

text: Joan, Countess of Ponthieu

text: Poitou

text: Queen mother

text: Isabelle, Countess of Angoulême

text: Hugh X of Lusignan

text: Brittany

text: Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence

text: Margaret of Provence

text: Beatrice of Savoy

text: Jean de Joinville

text: Jews

text: Antisemitism

text: Talmud

text: Crusade

text: Melun

text: Maubuisson Abbey

text: Isabelle

text: Louis IX

text: Robert

text: Alphonse

text: Isabelle

text: Charles

text: François Villon

text: Ballade des Dames du Temps Jadis

text: Elizabeth Chadwick

text: Jean Plaidy

text: Marcel Proust

text: Swann's Way

text: Shakespearean

text: history play

text: "King John"

text: home

text: kit

text: Rugby Union

text: Stade Français

text: restaurateur

text: Noël Corbu

text: Rennes-le-Château

text: Bérenger Saunière

text: Pierre Plantard

text: Priory of Sion

text: William of Nangis

text: Le Nain de Tillemont

text: Société de l'histoire de France

categories: 12th-century French people,Queen mothers,French queens consort,13th-century rulers in Europe,1188 births,Countesses of Artois,Disease-related deaths in France,Regents of France,13th-century French women,12th-century Spanish women,13th-century Spanish women,House of Capet,Women in 13th-century warfare,12th-century French women,13th-century women rulers,People from Palencia,13th-century French people,1252 deaths,Castilian House of Ivrea,Castilian infantas,Women in medieval European warfare,Women in war in France,13th-century Castilians,12th-century people from León and Castile

paragraph: Blanche of Castile

paragraph: Blanche of Castile (; 4 March 1188 – 27 November 1252) was Queen of France by marriage to Louis VIII. She acted as regent twice during the reign of her son, Louis IX: during his minority from 1226 until 1234, and during his absence from 1248 until 1252. She was born in Palencia, Spain, 1188, the third daughter of Alfonso VIII, King of Castile, and Eleanor of England.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: In her youth, she visited the Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, founded by her parents, several times. In consequence of the Treaty of Le Goulet between Philip Augustus and John of England, Blanche's sister, Urraca, was betrothed to Philip's son, Louis. Their grandmother Eleanor of Aquitaine, after meeting the two sisters, judged that Blanche's personality was more fit for a queen consort of France. In the spring of 1200, Eleanor crossed the Pyrenees with her and brought her to France instead.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: On 22 May 1200 the treaty was finally signed, John ceding along with his niece the fiefs of Issoudun and Graçay, together with those that André de Chauvigny, lord of Châteauroux, held in Berry, of the English crown. The marriage was celebrated the next day, at Port-Mort on the right bank of the Seine, in John's domains, as those of Philip lay under an interdict. Blanche was twelve years of age, and Louis was only a year older so the marriage was consummated a few years later. Blanche bore her first child in 1205.

paragraph: During the English barons' rebellion of 1215-16 against King John, it was Blanche's English ancestry as granddaughter to Henry II that led to Louis being offered the throne of England as Louis I. However, with the death of John in October 1216, the barons changed their allegiance to John's son, the nine-year-old Henry.

paragraph: Louis continued to claim the English crown in her right, only to find a united nation against him. Philip Augustus refused to help his son, and Blanche was his sole support. Blanche raised money from her father-in-law by threatening to put up her children as hostages. She established herself at Calais and organized two fleets, one of which was commanded by Eustace the Monk, and an army under Robert I, Latin Emperor. With French forces defeated at Lincoln in May 1217 and then routed on their way back to their London stronghold, Louis desperately needed the reinforcements from France. On 24 August, the English fleet destroyed the French fleet carrying those reinforcements off Sandwich and Louis was forced to sue for peace.

paragraph: Section::::Regency.

paragraph: Philip died in July 1223, and Louis VIII and Blanche were crowned on August 6. Upon Louis' death in November 1226 from dysentery, he left Blanche, by then 38, regent and guardian of his children. Of her twelve or thirteen children, six had died, and Louis, the heir — afterwards the sainted Louis IX — was but twelve years old. She had him crowned within a month of his father's death in Reims and forced reluctant barons to swear allegiance to him. The situation was critical, since Louis VIII had died without having completely subdued his southern nobles. The king's minority made the Capetian domains even more vulnerable. To gain support, she released Ferdinand, Count of Flanders, who had been in captivity since the Battle of Bouvines. She ceded land and castles to Philip I, Count of Boulogne, son of Philip II and his controversial wife, Agnes of Merania.

paragraph: Several key barons, led by Peter Mauclerc, refused to recognize the coronation of the young king. Shortly after the coronation, Blanche and Louis were traveling south of Paris and nearly captured. Blanche appealed to the people of Paris to protect their king. The citizens lined the roads and protected him as he returned.

paragraph: Helped by Theobald IV of Champagne and the papal legate to France, Romano Bonaventura, she organized an army. Its sudden appearance brought the nobles momentarily to a halt. Twice more did Blanche have to muster an army to protect Capetian interests against rebellious nobles and Henry III of England. Blanche organized a surprise attack in the winter. In January 1229, she led her forces to attack Mauclerc and force him to recognize the king. She accompanied the army herself and helped collect wood to keep the soldiers warm. Not everyone was happy with her administration. Her enemies called her “Dame Hersent” (the wolf in the "Roman de Renart")

paragraph: In 1229, she was responsible for the Treaty of Paris, in which Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, submitted to Louis. By the terms of the agreement, his daughter and heir, Joan, married Blanche's son, Alphonse, and the county could only pass to his heirs. He gave up all the lands conquered by Simon de Montfort to the crown of France. It also meant the end of the Albigensian Crusade.

paragraph: To prevent Henry III of England from gaining more French lands through marriage, Blanche denied him the first two brides he sought. In 1226, he sought to marry Yolande of Brittany, Mauclerc's daughter. Blanche instead forced her father to give Yolande to Blanche's son John. When Henry became engaged to Joan, Countess of Ponthieu, Blanche lobbied the Pope to deny the marriage based on consanguinity, denying the dispensation Henry sought.

paragraph: In 1230, Henry III came to invade France. At the cost of some of the crown's influence in Poitou, Blanche managed to keep the English Queen mother Isabelle, Countess of Angoulême and her second husband, Hugh X of Lusignan, from supporting the English side. Mauclerc did support the English and Brittany rebelled against the crown in 1230. The rebellion was put down, which added to the growing prestige of Blanche and Louis. Henry's failure to make any significant impact with his invasions ultimately discouraged Mauclerc's rebellion, and by 1234 he was firm in his support of Louis.

paragraph: St. Louis owed his realm to his mother and remained under her influence for the duration of her life.

paragraph: Section::::Queen mother.

paragraph: In 1233, Raymond of Toulouse was starting to chafe under the terms of the treaty of Paris, and so Blanche sent one of her knights, Giles of Flagy, to convince him to cooperate. Blanche had also heard through troubadours of the beauty, grace, and religious devotion of the daughters of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence. So she assigned her knight a second mission to visit Provence. Giles found a much better reception in Provence than in Toulouse. Upon his return to Paris, Blanche decided that a Provençal marriage would suit her son and help keep Toulouse in check. In 1234, Louis married Margaret of Provence, who was the eldest of the four daughters of Ramon, Count of Provence, and Beatrice of Savoy.

paragraph: She did not have a good relationship with her daughter-in-law, perhaps due to the controlling relationship she had with her son. To maintain better control over the new queen, Blanche dismissed the family and servants who had come to her wedding before the couple reached Paris. Prior to the arrival of the new queen, Blanche was considered the beauty of the court, and had poems written about her beauty by the count of Champagne. In 1230, it was even rumoured that she was pregnant by Romano Bonaventura. The new queen drew the attention of the court and the king away from Blanche, so she sought to keep them apart as much as she could. Jean de Joinville tells of the time when Queen Margaret was giving birth and Blanche entered the room telling her son to leave saying "Come ye hence, ye do naught here". Queen Margaret then allegedly fainted out of distress. One contemporary biographer notes that when Queen Blanche was present in the royal household, she did not like Margaret and Louis to be together "except when he went to lie with her".

paragraph: In 1239, Blanche insisted on a fair hearing for the Jews, who were under threat by increasing Antisemitism in France. She presided over a formal disputation in the king's court. Louis insisted on the burning of the Talmud and other Jewish books, but Blanche promised Rabbi Yehiel of Paris, who spoke for the Jews, that he and his goods were under her protection.

paragraph: Section::::Second regency and death.

paragraph: In 1248, Blanche again became regent, during Louis IX's absence on the Crusade, a project which she had strongly opposed. In the disasters which followed she maintained peace, while draining the land of men and money to aid her son in the East. She fell ill at Melun in November 1252, and was taken to Paris, but lived only a few days. She was buried at Maubuisson Abbey, which she had founded herself. Louis heard of her death in the following spring and reportedly did not speak to anyone for two days afterwards.

paragraph: Section::::Patronage and learning.

paragraph: Blanche was a patron of the arts and owned a variety of books, both in French and in Latin. Some of these were meant as teaching tools for her son. "Le Miroir de l'Ame" was dedicated to Blanche. It instructs queens to rigorously practice Christian virtues in daily life. She oversaw the education of her children, all of whom studied Latin. She also insisted on lessons in Christian morals for all of them. Both Louis and Isabelle, her only surviving daughter, were canonized.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Blanche (1205 – died soon after).

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Philip (9 September 1209 – before July 1218), betrothed in July 1215 to Agnes of Donzy.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Alphonse (b. and d. Lorrez-le-Bocage, 26 January 1213), twin of John.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. John (b. and d. Lorrez-le-Bocage, 26 January 1213), twin of Alphonse.

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Louis IX (Poissy, 25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270, Tunis), King of France as successor to his father.

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Robert (25 September 1216 – 9 February 1250, killed in battle, Manssurah, Egypt), Count of Artois.

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Philip (20 February 1218 – 1220).

paragraph: BULLET::::8. John (21 July 1219 – 1232), Count of Anjou and Maine; betrothed in March 1227 to Yolande of Brittany.

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Alphonse (Poissy, 11 November 1220 – 21 August 1271, Corneto), Count of Poitou and Auvergne, and by marriage, of Toulouse.

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Philip Dagobert (20 February 1222 – 1232).

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Isabelle (March 1224 – 23 February 1270).

paragraph: BULLET::::12. Etienne (end 1225 – early 1227).

paragraph: BULLET::::13. Charles (21 March 1226 – 7 January 1285), Count of Anjou and Maine, by marriage Count of Provence and Folcalquier, and King of Sicily.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: Blanche of Castile is mentioned in François Villon's 15th century poem Ballade des Dames du Temps Jadis ("Ballad of Ladies of Times Past"), together with other famous women of history and mythology. Blanche's selection as bride for Louis and travel to France is noted in Elizabeth Chadwick's "The Autumn Throne".

paragraph: Blanche and Isabella of Angoulême are the main characters in Jean Plaidy's novel "The Battle of the Queens," and she is briefly mentioned in Marcel Proust's Swann's Way.

paragraph: Blanche is a key character in the novel "Four Sisters, All Queens", by Sherry Jones. She is also a central antagonist in the fictional middle grade novel, 'The Inquisitor's Tale', Written by Adam Gidwitz.

paragraph: The character Blanche of Castile is featured in the Shakespearean history play "King John".

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: An image of Blanche of Castile has been used on the home kit of French Rugby Union team Stade Français since the 2008 season.

paragraph: During the 1950s French restaurateur Noël Corbu claimed that Blanche of Castile had deposited a treasure in Rennes-le-Château that was later discovered by Bérenger Saunière during the late 19th century. This was later utilised by Pierre Plantard in his development of the Priory of Sion mythology.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: Aside from the works of Joinville and William of Nangis, see Élie Berger, "Histoire de Blanche de Castille, reine de France", in "Bibliothèque des Ecoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome", vol. lxx. (Paris, 1895); Le Nain de Tillemont, "Vie de Saint Louis", ed. by J. de Gaulle for the Société de l'histoire de France (6 vols., 1847–1851); and Paulin Paris, "Nouvelles recherches sur les mœurs de la reine Blanche et de Thibaud", in "Cabinet historique" (1858).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Women's Biography: Blanche of Castile, queen of France", epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu; accessed 14 April 2014.

description: Queen of France

wikidata_label: Blanche of Castile

wikipedia_title: Blanche of Castile


text: courtesy name

text: Liu Song

text: Southern Qi

text: pi

text: Baoding, Hebei

text: Yangtze

text: Eastern Jin

text: Jiankang

text: Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song

text: Zhenjiang, Jiangsu

text: Zu Gengzhi

text: pi

text: Song Dynasty

text: sidereal year

text: tropical year

text: sun

text: moon

text: eclipse

text: Jupiter

text: approximations of pi

text: milü

text: counting rods

text: Yoshio Mikami

text: Archimedes

text: Dutch

text: Adriaan Anthoniszoon

text: best rational approximation

text: sphere

text: Yi Xing

text: Liu Hui's algorithm

text: Liu Hui

text: hammer mills

text: Emperor Wu of Southern Qi

text: Qianli chuan

text: south-pointing chariot

text: Ma Jun

text: differential gears

text: magnetic

text: compass

text: automobile

text: Three Kingdoms

text: Book of Song

text: Book of Qi

text: Emperor Wu of Liu Song

text: Guanzhong

text: paradoxographical work

text: Zu Chongzhi's ratio

text: Tsu Chung-Chi

text: 1888 Zu Chong-Zhi

text: asteroid

text: Zuc stream cipher

text: "Zu Chongzhi"

text: Encyclopedia of China

text: Zu Chongzhi at Chinaculture.org

text: Zu Chongzhi at the University of Maine

categories: 429 births,Pi,5th-century mathematicians,Ancient Chinese mathematicians,5th-century astronomers,Liu Song politicians,Politicians from Nanjing,500 deaths,Scientists from Nanjing,Liu Song dynasty people,Ancient Chinese astronomers,Southern Qi politicians,Chinese inventors,Liu Song writers

image: 512px-昆山亭林公园祖冲之像.jpg

paragraph: Zu Chongzhi

paragraph: Zu Chongzhi (429–500 AD), courtesy name Wenyuan, was a Chinese astronomer, mathematician, politician, inventor, and writer during the Liu Song and Southern Qi dynasties. He was most notable for calculating pi as between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927, a record which would not be surpassed for 800 years.

paragraph: Section::::Life and works.

paragraph: Chongzhi's ancestry was from modern Baoding, Hebei. To flee from the ravage of war, Zu's grandfather Zu Chang moved to the Yangtze, as part of the massive population movement during the Eastern Jin. Zu Chang () at one point held the position of Chief Minister for the Palace Buildings () within the Liu Song and was in charge of government construction projects. Zu's father, Zu Shuozhi () also served the court and was greatly respected for his erudition.

paragraph: Zu was born in Jiankang. His family had historically been involved in astronomy research, and from childhood Zu was exposed to both astronomy and mathematics. When he was only a youth his talent earned him much repute. When Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song heard of him, he was sent to an Academy, the Hualin Xuesheng (), and later at the Imperial Nanjing University (Zongmingguan) to perform research. In 461 in Nanxu (today Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), he was engaged in work at the office of the local governor.

paragraph: Zu Chongzhi, along with his son Zu Gengzhi wrote a mathematical text entitled "Zhui Shu" (; ""Methods for Interpolation""). It is said that the treatise contains formulas for the volume of the sphere, cubic equations and an accurate value of pi. This book has not survived, but has been lost since the Song Dynasty.

paragraph: His mathematical achievements included:

paragraph: BULLET::::- the Daming calendar () introduced by him in 465.

paragraph: BULLET::::- distinguishing the sidereal year and the tropical year, and he measured 45 years and 11 months per degree between those two, and today we know the difference is 70.7 years per degree.

paragraph: BULLET::::- calculating one year as 365.24281481 days, which is very close to 365.24219878 days as we know today.

paragraph: BULLET::::- calculating the number of overlaps between sun and moon as 27.21223, which is very close to 27.21222 as we know today; using this number he successfully predicted an eclipse four times during 23 years (from 436 to 459).

paragraph: BULLET::::- calculating the Jupiter year as about 11.858 Earth years, which is very close to 11.862 as we know of today.

paragraph: BULLET::::- deriving two approximations of pi, (3.1415926535897932...) which held as the most accurate approximation for for over nine hundred years. His best approximation was between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927, with  (, milü, close ratio) and  (, yuelü, approximate ratio) being the other notable approximations. He obtained the result by approximating a circle with a 24,576 (= 2 × 3) sided polygon. This was an impressive feat for the time, especially considering that the counting rods he used for recording intermediate results were merely a pile of wooden sticks laid out in certain patterns. Japanese mathematician Yoshio Mikami pointed out, " was nothing more than the value obtained several hundred years earlier by the Greek mathematician Archimedes, however milü = could not be found in any Greek, Indian or Arabian manuscripts, not until 1585 Dutch mathematician Adriaan Anthoniszoon obtained this fraction; the Chinese possessed this most extraordinary fraction over a whole millennium earlier than Europe". Hence Mikami strongly urged that the fraction be named after Zu Chongzhi as "Zu's fraction". In Chinese literature, this fraction is known as "Zu's ratio". Zu's ratio is a best rational approximation to , and is the closest rational approximation to from all fractions with denominator less than 16600.

paragraph: BULLET::::- finding the volume of a sphere as D/6 where D is diameter (equivalent to 4r/3).

paragraph: Section::::Astronomy.

paragraph: Zu was an accomplished astronomer who calculated the time values with unprecedented precision. His methods of interpolationg and the use of integration were far ahead of his time. Even the results of the astronomer Yi Xing (who was beginning to utilize foreign knowledge) were not comparable. The Sung dynasty calendar was backwards to the "Northern barbarians" because they were implementing their daily lives with the "Da Ming Li". It is said that his methods of calculation were so advanced, the scholars of the Sung dynasty and Indo influence astronomers of the Tang dynasty found it confusing.

paragraph: Section::::Mathematics.

paragraph: The majority of Zu's great mathematical works are recorded in his lost text the "Zhui Shu". Most schools argue about his complexity since traditionally the Chinese had developed mathematics as algebraic and equational. Logically, scholars assume that the "Zhui Shu" yields methods of cubic equations. His works on the accurate value of pi describe the lengthy calculations involved. Zu used the Liu Hui's algorithm described earlier by Liu Hui to inscribe a 12,288-gon. Zu's value of pi is precise to six decimal places and for a thousand years thereafter no subsequent mathematician computed a value this precise. Zu also worked on deducing the formula for the volume of a sphere.

paragraph: Section::::Inventions and innovations.

paragraph: Section::::Inventions and innovations.:Hammer mills.

paragraph: In 488, Zu Chongzhi was responsible for erecting water powered trip hammer mills which was inspected by Emperor Wu of Southern Qi during the early 490s.

paragraph: Section::::Inventions and innovations.:Paddle steamer.

paragraph: Zu is also credited with inventing Chinese paddle steamers or Qianli chuan in the late 5th century AD during the Southern Qi Dynasty. The boats made sailing a more reliable form of transportation and based on the shipbuilding technology of its day, numerous paddle wheel ships were constructed during the Tang era as the boats were able to cruise at faster speeds than the existing vessels at the time as well as being able to cover hundreds of kilometers of distance without the aid of wind.

paragraph: Section::::Inventions and innovations.:South pointing chariot.

paragraph: The south-pointing chariot device was first invented by the Chinese mechanical engineer Ma Jun (c. 200–265 AD). It was a wheeled vehicle that incorporated an early use of differential gears to operate a fixed figurine that would constantly point south, hence enabling one to accurately measure their directional bearings. This effect was achieved not by magnetics (like in a compass), but through intricate mechanics, the same design that allows equal amounts of torque applied to wheels rotating at different speeds for the modern automobile. After the Three Kingdoms period, the device fell out of use temporarily. However, it was Zu Chongzhi who successfully re-invented it in 478, as described in the texts of the "Book of Song" and the "Book of Qi", with a passage from the latter below:

paragraph: When Emperor Wu of Liu Song subdued Guanzhong he obtained the south-pointing carriage of Yao Xing, but it was only the shell with no machinery inside. Whenever it moved it had to have a man inside to turn (the figure). In the Sheng-Ming reign period, Gao Di commissioned Zi Zu Chongzhi to reconstruct it according to the ancient rules. He accordingly made new machinery of bronze, which would turn round about without a hitch and indicate the direction with uniformity. Since Ma Jun's time such a thing had not been.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: Zu's paradoxographical work "Accounts of Strange Things" [] survives.

paragraph: Section::::Named after him.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ≈ as Zu Chongzhi's ratio.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The lunar crater Tsu Chung-Chi

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1888 Zu Chong-Zhi is the name of asteroid 1964 VO1.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zuc stream cipher is a new encryption algorithm.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Needham, Joseph (1986). "Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 2". Cambridge University Press

paragraph: BULLET::::- Du Shiran and He Shaogeng, "Zu Chongzhi". "Encyclopedia of China" (Mathematics Edition), 1st ed.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encyclopædia Britannica's description of Zu Chongzhi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zu Chongzhi at Chinaculture.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zu Chongzhi at the University of Maine

description: Chinese mathematician-astronomer

wikidata_label: Zu Chongzhi

wikipedia_title: Zu Chongzhi


text: blues

text: folk

text: soul

text: reggae

text: rock music

text: Grammy Award

text: Best Pop Instrumental Performance

text: Best Traditional Soul Gospel Album

text: Best Blues Album

text: Blues Music Award

text: Charlie Musselwhite

text: Pomona, California

text: Cherokee

text: Jew

text: Russian

text: Lithuanian Jew

text: Leonard Cohen

text: Taj Mahal

text: John Darnielle

text: David Lindley

text: William Shakespeare

text: Robert Frost

text: Bob Marley

text: Burbank, California

text: Peter Tosh

text: slide guitar

text: Robert Johnson

text: Weissenborn

text: Taj Mahal

text: Follow the Drinking Gourd

text: LP

text: folk

text: Tom Freund

text: Virgin Records

text: Welcome to the Cruel World

text: Rencontres Trans Musicales

text: Rennes

text: Fight For Your Mind

text: college radio

text: Santa Barbara Bowl

text: Jack Johnson

text: Brushfire Fairytales

text: Triple J

text: "Rolling Stone" magazine

text: Diamonds on the Inside

text: Marvin Gaye

text: Standing in the Shadows of Motown

text: The Funk Brothers

text: "True Love"

text: Toots and the Maytals

text: Grammy Award

text: Willie Nelson

text: Eric Clapton

text: Jeff Beck

text: Trey Anastasio

text: Gwen Stefani

text: No Doubt

text: Bonnie Raitt

text: Manu Chao

text: The Roots

text: Ryan Adams

text: Keith Richards

text: Toots Hibbert

text: Paul Douglas

text: Ken Boothe

text: The Skatalites

text: Jack Johnson

text: Toots and the Maytals

text: Donald Trump

text: Vote for Change

text: Moveon.org

text: swing states

text: 2004 U.S. presidential election

text: For The Lady

text: Nobel Peace Prize

text: Aung San Suu Kyi

text: Both Sides of the Gun

text: Billboard charts

text: David Lynch

text: Inland Empire

text: Laura Dern

text: No Nukes group

text: nuclear power

text: Buffalo Springfield

text: For What It's Worth

text: Brazilian

text: Vanessa da Mata

text: Prêmio Multishow

text: Songs for Tibet

text: Fistful of Mercy

text: Dhani Harrison

text: Joseph Arthur

text: Charlie Musselwhite

text: Natalie Maines

text: Dixie Chicks

text: Mother

text: Boston Calling Music Festival

text: Call It What It Is

text: American Idol

text: Alejandro Aranda

text: There Will Be a Light

text: Blues Music Award

text: Charlie Musselwhite

text: Mavis Staples

text: We Get By

text: Laura Dern

text: 2012 Golden Globe Awards

text: skateboarder

text: Rodney Mullen

text: Chris Roberts

text: Pomona, California

text: Steven Gonzalez

text: Little Kids Rock

text: Bimbos

text: Kalighat

text: Welcome to the Cruel World

text: Fight for Your Mind

text: The Will to Live

text: Burn to Shine

text: Diamonds on the Inside

text: There Will Be a Light

text: Both Sides of the Gun

text: Lifeline

text: White Lies for Dark Times

text: Give Till It's Gone

text: Get Up!

text: Childhood Home

text: Call It What It Is

text: No Mercy in This Land

text: Official Ben Harper Shop

text: Ben Harper International Forum

text: Ben Harper at RollingStone.com

categories: African-American rock musicians,Weissenborn players,American rock guitarists,Slide guitarists,African-American record producers,20th-century American singers,American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent,21st-century American guitarists,Virgin Records artists,American rock singers,American male singers,American folk guitarists,Grammy Award winners,21st-century American singers,American rock songwriters,American multi-instrumentalists,American male singer-songwriters,Steel guitarists,Jewish American musicians,African-American Jews,Ben Harper,Record producers from California,Living people,American male guitarists,American guitarists,American people of Russian-Jewish descent,American people of Cherokee descent,20th-century American guitarists,1969 births,Real World Records artists,American singer-songwriters,Fistful of Mercy members,Fingerstyle guitarists,American male songwriters,American blues singers,American blues guitarists,American folk singers

paragraph: Ben Harper

paragraph: Benjamin Chase Harper (born October 28, 1969) is an American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. Harper plays an eclectic mix of blues, folk, soul, reggae, and rock music and is known for his guitar-playing skills, vocals, live performances, and activism. He has released twelve regular studio albums, mostly through Virgin Records and has toured internationally.

paragraph: Harper is a three-time Grammy Award winner and seven-time nominee, with awards for Best Pop Instrumental Performance and Best Traditional Soul Gospel Album in 2004 and Best Blues Album in 2013.

paragraph: At the 40th Blues Music Awards ceremony, Harper's joint composition with Charlie Musselwhite, "No Mercy In This Land", was named as 'Song of the Year'.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Harper was born in Pomona, California. His late father, Leonard, was of African-American and Cherokee ancestry, and his mother, Ellen Chase-Verdries, is Jewish. His maternal great-grandmother was a Russian-Lithuanian Jew. His parents divorced when he was five years old, and he grew up with his mother's family. Harper has two brothers, Joel and Peter.

paragraph: Harper began playing guitar as a child. His maternal grandparents' music store "The Folk Music Center and Museum" laid a foundation of folk and blues for the artist, complemented by regular patrons Leonard Cohen, Taj Mahal, John Darnielle, and David Lindley and quotes of William Shakespeare and Robert Frost made often by his grandfather.

paragraph: In 1978, at the age of 9, Harper attended Bob Marley's performance in Burbank, California where Marley was joined by former bandmate Peter Tosh for the encore. It was, according to Harper, an important influence.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: At the age of 12, Harper played his first gig. During the 1980s, in his teen years, Harper began to play the slide guitar, mimicking the style of Robert Johnson. Harper refined his style, taking up the Weissenborn slide guitar. Harper broke out of the Inland Empire after being offered an invitation by Taj Mahal to tour with the artist. They recorded Taj Mahal's album "Follow the Drinking Gourd", released in November 1990, and toured Hawaii.

paragraph: In 1992, Harper recorded the LP "Pleasure and Pain" with folk multi-instrumentalist Tom Freund. After this limited edition record, Harper secured a lifetime record deal with Virgin Records, which released his debut album, "Welcome to the Cruel World" in 1994. This allowed him to be invited at the Rencontres Trans Musicales of Rennes in France in December 1993 where he went up for the first time on a large stage.

paragraph: The first album was followed by "Fight For Your Mind" in 1995, with Juan Nelson on bass, which became a college radio favorite and included several songs that Harper still plays live regularly.

paragraph: In 1999, at the Santa Barbara Bowl, Harper met Jack Johnson and sent a demo tape of Johnson's songs to his producer, J. P. Plunier, who then produced Johnson's first album, "Brushfire Fairytales", in December 2000. Jack Johnson became the opening act in late February 2001 for the last twenty-three cities of Ben Harper's “Innocent Criminals” tour of the United States.

paragraph: Early in Harper's career, his music received more attention in Europe and was widely played in Australia (first on Triple J radio). Harper has made comments on a number of occasions that his career was kicked off in Australia. While he was a well-known and respected figure in the United States, he was also a star in countries like Australia, New Zealand, France, Portugal, Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands, receiving a great deal of airplay and critical acclaim. His popularity in Europe became wide enough that he was French "Rolling Stone" magazine's Artist of the Year ("Artiste De L'Année") in 2003, and his Australian tour that year for "Diamonds on the Inside" was highly successful with record sales.

paragraph: In 2002, Harper was one of the featured singers covering Motown hits by Marvin Gaye in the documentary, "Standing in the Shadows of Motown" (a history of The Funk Brothers). Harper was featured on the album "True Love" by Toots and the Maytals, which won the Grammy Award in 2004 for Best Reggae Album, and showcased many notable musicians including Willie Nelson, Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, Trey Anastasio, Gwen Stefani / No Doubt, Bonnie Raitt, Manu Chao, The Roots, Ryan Adams, Keith Richards, Toots Hibbert, Paul Douglas, Jackie Jackson, Ken Boothe, and The Skatalites.

paragraph: On April 3, 2004, Harper and Jack Johnson performed with Toots and the Maytals on Saturday Night Live (season 29, episode 16), a show hosted by Donald Trump.

paragraph: In October 2004, Harper participated in the Vote for Change concert tour organized to benefit Moveon.org and encourage people in the swing states to vote during the 2004 U.S. presidential election. In the same month, Harper contributed a live recording of the song "Oppression" to "For The Lady", a benefit album for jailed Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy advocate Aung San Suu Kyi. In 2006, Harper released the double album "Both Sides of the Gun" which debuted at #7 on the Billboard charts. Though uncredited, he appears briefly in the 2006 David Lynch film "Inland Empire", alongside his wife Laura Dern.

paragraph: Harper is part of the No Nukes group which is against the expansion of nuclear power. In 2007 the group recorded a music video of a new version of the Buffalo Springfield song "For What It's Worth". Harper's collaboration "Boa Sorte/Good Luck" with Brazilian singer Vanessa da Mata peaked at #1 in Brazil and Portugal. In Brazil it also won a highly coveted Prêmio Multishow for "Best Song" in 2008. Also in 2008, Harper participated in the benefit album "Songs for Tibet".

paragraph: On August 27, 2010, it was reported that Harper had formed a band called Fistful of Mercy with Dhani Harrison and Joseph Arthur. Fistful of Mercy released their debut record, "As I Call You Down", on October 5, 2010.

paragraph: On May 17, 2011, Harper's official site posted that his next album was released, entitled "Give Till It's Gone". The album is a continuation of recording with Relentless7.

paragraph: On October 1, 2012, a new album from Harper with Charlie Musselwhite was announced entitled "Get Up!" on Stax Records / Concord Music Group. The official release date for the album was January 29, 2013. "Get Up!" was recorded in Los Angeles and produced by Harper. It is Harper's 12th studio album and first new recording since 2011's Give Till It's Gone (Virgin).

paragraph: In December 2012, it was announced that Harper had co-produced lead vocalist Natalie Maines of the Dixie Chicks first solo rock album "Mother". It was released on May 7, 2013.

paragraph: In early 2015, it was announced that Harper and The Innocent Criminals would perform at the Boston Calling Music Festival in May 2015.

paragraph: It's been confirmed that Ben Harper and The Innocent Criminals will perform at Rock Werchter Festival 2015 on June 28, 2015 .

paragraph: Harper has four albums and one single that have been certified Gold by the RIAA. Burn To Shine/Virgin, Fight For Your Mind/Virgin, Live From Mars/Virgin, Diamonds On The Inside/Capitol-Virgin and You Found Another Lover/Stax (single)

paragraph: On 12 February 2016, Harper released (as a YouTube video) his new single "Call It What It Is", first track taken from his upcoming new studio album "Call It What It Is" due to be released on 8 April 2016.

paragraph: On 8 April 2019, Harper performed as a guest artist on the seventeenth season of "American Idol" during the second night of the “Top 20 Duets” episode. Harper sang with contestant Alejandro Aranda, playing "There Will Be a Light".

paragraph: On March 20, 2019, Mavis Staples announced a new album 'We Get By', featuring eleven tracks written and produced by Harper. The title track, which features Harper on vocals and in the music video, was released on May 15, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1996, Harper married his first wife, Joanna. They have two children together, son Charles (born circa 1997) and daughter Harris (born circa 2000). Harper and Joanna separated in 2000, and were divorced in 2001.

paragraph: Harper began dating actress Laura Dern after they met at one of his concerts in fall 2000. Harper and Dern married on December 23, 2005 at their home in Los Angeles. They have two children, son Ellery Walker (born August 2001) and daughter Jaya (born November 2004).

paragraph: In October 2010, Harper filed for divorce from Dern, citing irreconcilable differences. They briefly reconciled and attended the 2012 Golden Globe Awards together, but Dern reactivated the divorce by filing a legal response in July 2012. The divorce was finalized in September 2013.

paragraph: Harper married his third wife, social advocate Jaclyn Matfus, on January 1, 2015. Their son Besso was born in June 2017.

paragraph: Harper is a skateboarder who has trained with Rodney Mullen and he also owns a warehouse for his personal skateboarding. Harper co-owns the skateboarding brand Roller Horror with professional skateboarder Mike York. In September 2016, Harper appeared on "The Nine Club" skateboard podcast, hosted by Chris Roberts, where he discussed his relationship and history with skateboarding. On "The Nine Club," he also reveals that he went to school and began skateboarding with Chris Miller in Pomona, California.

paragraph: Harper's cousin is Washington State Supreme Court Justice Steven Gonzalez.

paragraph: Section::::Philanthropy.

paragraph: Harper supports Little Kids Rock, a national nonprofit organization that works to restore and revitalize music education in disadvantaged U.S. public schools. In 2013, he donated items to their San Francisco Bay Area benefit concert.

paragraph: On Dec 11, 2016 he played an acoustic benefit concert at Bimbos in San Francisco supporting New Light India's "Boys Home Project". Founded in 2000 by Urmi Basu, New Light India provides shelter, educational opportunities, recreational facilities, healthcare and legal aid for the girls and women in Kalighat, notorious for its red light district.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Studio albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Welcome to the Cruel World" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fight for Your Mind" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Will to Live" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Burn to Shine" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Diamonds on the Inside" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "There Will Be a Light" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Both Sides of the Gun" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lifeline" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "White Lies for Dark Times" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Give Till It's Gone" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Get Up!" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Childhood Home" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Call It What It Is" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No Mercy in This Land" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Ben Harper Shop

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ben Harper International Forum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ben Harper Live for Earth Day on National Geographic

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ben Harper at RollingStone.com

description: singer-songwriter and musician

enwikiquote_title: Ben Harper

wikidata_label: Ben Harper

wikipedia_title: Ben Harper


text:
Austrian
opera
soprano
Vienna
Eduard Reuss
Wilhelm Franz Reuss
Josef Gänsbacher
Karlsruhe
Badisches Staatstheater Karlsruhe
Lohengrin
Les Troyens
Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden
Metropolitan Opera
Hofoper Dresden
Covent Garden Opera
Bayreuth Festival
Deutsche Oper Berlin
Aichach
bombing of Dresden
Kutsch
Riemens
Großes Sängerlexikon

categories: Musicians from Vienna,19th-century women singers,20th-century German singers,1862 births,German operatic sopranos,1945 deaths,19th-century German singers

paragraph: Luise Reuss-Belce

paragraph: Luise Reuss-Belce (24 October 1862 – 5 March 1945) was an Austrian - German operatic soprano. In the last years of her life she worked as an opera director and singing teacher.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Vienna, Luise Baumann first appeared under the pseudonym "Luise Belce". In 1885 she married the composer and musicologist Eduard Reuss (1851-1911) and from then bore the double name by which she became known. Her daughter Elisabeth Reuss became a concert singer and educator; her son Wilhelm Franz Reuss (1886–1945) became a conductor and composer.

paragraph: She studied in Vienna with Josef Gänsbacher and in Karlsruhe with Fritz Plank (1848-1900). She made her debut in 1881 at the Badisches Staatstheater Karlsruhe as Elsa in "Lohengrin". There she also played other important roles, for example Cassandra in "Les Troyens" (1890) and the title role in "Ingwelde" (1894). From 1897 to 1901 she was engaged at the then newly opened Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden. From 1901 to 1903 she was a member of the Metropolitan Opera in New York. From 1901 to 1907 she was a guest at the Hofoper Dresden. In 1884 she made a guest appearance in Munich; 1899 in Amsterdam; 1893 and 1900 at the Covent Garden Opera in London. She also appeared at various other places in Germany.

paragraph: From 1882 to 1912 Reuss-Belce sang at the Bayreuth Festival where she first appeared in different roles. From 1899 however she sang only the part of Fricka, which was described as her most brilliant role. She proved to be formative for the style of these Wagner-Festspiele. From 1908 to 1933 she was also dramaturgical assistant of the plays.

paragraph: From 1907 Reuss-Belce performed only in Bayreuth. In 1912 the now widowed Reuss-Belce retired from the stage. She began working as a voice teacher and opera director, in the latter function from 1916 at the Deutsche Oper Berlin. She was also active in Nuremberg after 1913. She ended her career in 1933.

paragraph: She died in March 1945 in Aichach on the run from the bombing of Dresden. She is said to have been the last singer to perform under Wagner's direction.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kutsch/Riemens: Großes Sängerlexikon, .

wikidata_label: Luise Reuss-Belce

wikipedia_title: Luise Reuss-Belce


text:
Vienna
Johann Baptist Gänsbacher
University of Vienna
Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde
Stimmbildner
Leopold Demuth
Marie Wilt
Johannes Brahms
Cello Sonata No. 1 in E minor
Vienna Central Cemetery
Josef Gänsbacher

categories: Austrian music educators,People from Vienna,Australian Freemasons,1829 births,1911 deaths

paragraph: Josef Gänsbacher

paragraph: Josef Gänsbacher (6 October 1829 in Vienna – 5 June 1911 ibid) was an Austrian music educator.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Gänsbacher was the son of the composer and conductor Johann Baptist Gänsbacher. He studied law at the University of Vienna. In 1855 he graduated with a doctorate in law. He took singing lessons from and Hollup. From 1863 to 1904 he was active as a singing teacher at the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde. At his time he belonged to Vienna's most respected Stimmbildner. Leopold Demuth, Nikolaus Rothmühl and Marie Wilt were among his pupils.

paragraph: Johannes Brahms dedicated his Cello Sonata No. 1 in E minor to him.

paragraph: Gänsbacher was buried in Vienna Central Cemetery near his father.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ehrengräber am Wiener Zentralfriedhof

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Josef Gänsbacher

description: Austrian musician, jurist and music educator

wikidata_label: Josef Gänsbacher

wikipedia_title: Josef Gänsbacher


text:
Republican
United States Congress
Ohio
Athens, Ohio
Ohio University
Ohio State Law School
Athens County
Ohio University
Ohio University
Harvard Law School
Athens County
Ohio University
Republican
Sixty-sixth
Sixty-seventh
Sixty-eighth
Child Labor Amendment
United States Constitution
Washington, D.C.
Rock Creek Cemetery

categories: Members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio,Ohio Bobcats baseball coaches,County district attorneys in Ohio,People from Athens, Ohio,Child labor in the United States,Ohio Republicans,Ohio University alumni,Burials at Rock Creek Cemetery,Ohio University trustees,Ohio State University Moritz College of Law alumni,1873 births,Harvard Law School alumni,1950 deaths

paragraph: Israel Moore Foster

paragraph: Israel Moore Foster (January 12, 1873 – June 10, 1950) was a Republican Representative in the United States Congress from the State of Ohio.

paragraph: Born in Athens, Ohio, Foster attended the public schools, and graduated from the Ohio University at Athens in 1895. He studied law at the Harvard Law School in 1895 and 1896, and graduated from the Ohio State Law School in 1898, commencing practice the same year in Athens, Ohio.

paragraph: He served as prosecuting attorney of Athens County from 1902 to 1910. He served as member and secretary of the board of trustees of the Ohio University for twenty-four years, and was Secretary of the Republican State central committee in 1912. After graduating from the Ohio University in 1895, he studied law at the Harvard Law School in 1895 and 1896 before graduating from the Ohio State University College of Law in 1898.

paragraph: He practiced law in Athens and became the prosecuting attorney of Athens County from 1902 to 1910. He also served as a member and secretary of the board of trustees of Ohio University for 24 years and was secretary of the Republican State Central Committee in 1912.

paragraph: Foster was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-sixth, Sixty-seventh, and Sixty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1919 – March 4, 1925). He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1924. While in Congress, he is best known for proposing the Child Labor Amendment to the United States Constitution.

paragraph: After serving in Congress, he was appointed a commissioner of the court of claims on April 1, 1925, and served until April 1, 1942, when he retired. He died in Washington, D.C. and is buried in Washington D.C.'s Rock Creek Cemetery.

paragraph: He has a residence hall at Ohio University named after him, located on South Green. Ohio University administration plans on demolishing it in 2014.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Israel Moore Foster

wikipedia_title: Israel Moore Foster


text: Belgrade

text: Serbian

text: footballer

text: central midfielder

text: Sydney FC

text: Australia

text: A-League

text: Serbian citizenship

text: French citizenship

text: Belgrade

text: Partizan

text: Dinamo Zagreb

text: Zoran "Čava" Dimitrijević

text: Nantes

text: Grenoble

text: Rad

text: central midfielder

text: league

text: Italian

text: Chievo

text: Red Star Belgrade

text: Sydney FC

text: A-League

text: Sydney FC

text: Guangzhou Evergrande

text: Asian Champions League

text: Canberra Olympic

text: Viking Park

text: FFA Cup

text: France U18 team

text: Serbia U21

text: senior team of Serbia

text: Bulgaria

text: Serbian Cup

text: A-League Premiership

text: A-League Championship

text: Miloš Dimitrijević

text: Miloš Dimitrijević Stats

categories: Ligue 1 players,Serbia under-21 international footballers,French people of Serbian descent,Serbian footballers,Ligue 2 players,A.C. ChievoVerona players,A-League players,French footballers,Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Italy,Footballers from Belgrade,Serbian expatriate sportspeople in France,Red Star Belgrade footballers,1984 births,Expatriate footballers in France,Serbian expatriate footballers,Serbian SuperLiga players,Association football midfielders,FC Nantes players,Serie A players,Expatriate footballers in Italy,Grenoble Foot 38 players,FK Rad players,Sydney FC players

paragraph: Miloš Dimitrijević

paragraph: Miloš Dimitrijević (; born 16 February 1984 in Belgrade) is a Serbian footballer who last played as a central midfielder for Sydney FC of the Australian A-League. In addition to possessing Serbian citizenship, he also holds French citizenship.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Born in Belgrade, he arrived in France at the age of 7, with his father, who was the famous football player, the legend of Partizan and Dinamo Zagreb, Zoran "Čava" Dimitrijević. He joined youth system of Nantes in 1998. He became a professional in 2004. After Nantes, he played for Grenoble, before he returned to his homeland. In Serbia, he played for Rad, where he established himself as one of the best central midfielders in the league. He was brought on loan from Italian Chievo in winter transfer window 2011, but he only managed to play two games. After this unsuccessful international episode, he came back to Serbia to become a new Red Star Belgrade player. He was given number 7 shirt and he signed a contract on 10 June 2011. In April 2013, he became a free agent after managing to cut short his long-term contract due to the club's financial problems.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Sydney FC.

paragraph: On 16 January 2014 it was confirmed that Dimitrijević had signed for Sydney FC of the A-League in Australia. He scored his first goal for the club in 24 October 2014 in the Rd 3 clash against Brisbane Roar which ended 2–0 with Miloš scoring the second.

paragraph: In this year Dimitrijević won all three of the players player of the year, members player of the year and coaches player of the year becoming the first ever person to win all three.

paragraph: Miloš was released by Sydney FC on 3 June 2015.

paragraph: It was announced on 28 July 2015 that Miloš Dimitrejivić had re-signed with Sydney FC for a further two seasons.

paragraph: On 2 March 2016, Dimitrijević scored an 89th-minute winner against Guangzhou Evergrande in the Asian Champions League.

paragraph: On 19 October 2016, Dimitrijević scored a free kick in Sydney FC's 3–0 away win against Canberra Olympic at Viking Park in the FFA Cup

paragraph: On 30 June 2017, Dimitrijević was released by Sydney FC to allow him to move closer to his family.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: While he was playing in France, he was part of France U18 team. Then he decided to play for Serbia instead of France, so he was once capped for Serbia U21, and even was invited to play for senior team of Serbia in November 2010, but the injury forced him to miss the match against Bulgaria.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Club.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Red Star

paragraph: BULLET::::- Serbian Cup (1): 2011–12

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sydney FC

paragraph: BULLET::::- A-League Premiership: 2016–2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- A-League Championship: 2016–2017

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Individual.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sydney FC

paragraph: BULLET::::- Club player of the year: 2014–15

paragraph: BULLET::::- Player's player of the Year: 2014–15

paragraph: BULLET::::- Members player of the year: 2014–15

paragraph: BULLET::::- A-League PFA Team of the Season: 2014–15

paragraph: Section::::Trivia.

paragraph: As a resemblance to his father, he is often called "Mali Čava".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miloš Dimitrijević at lfp.fr

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miloš Dimitrijević Stats at utakmica.rs

description: Serbian footballer

wikidata_label: Miloš Dimitrijević

wikipedia_title: Miloš Dimitrijević


text:
baseball
outfielder
Miami Marlins
Major League Baseball
Milwaukee Brewers
South Florida
Florida Marlins
Coral Springs High School
Coral Springs, Florida
home run derby
Wrigley Field
college baseball
Florida Gators
University of Florida
Texas Rangers
2012 Major League Baseball draft
signing bonus
Arizona League Rangers
home run
Hickory Crawdads
Class A
South Atlantic League
Myrtle Beach Pelicans
High Desert Mavericks
Class A-Advanced
California League
Frisco RoughRiders
Double-A
Texas League
Round Rock Express
Triple-A
Pacific Coast League
Arizona Fall League
Luis Ortiz
player to be named later
Milwaukee Brewers
Jonathan Lucroy
Jeremy Jeffress
Colorado Springs Sky Sox
Isan Díaz
Monte Harrison
Jordan Yamamoto
Miami Marlins
Christian Yelich
MLB.com

categories: Sportspeople from Fort Lauderdale, Florida,Miami Marlins players,Colorado Springs Sky Sox players,Living people,Surprise Saguaros players,Baseball players from Florida,Arizona League Rangers players,Hickory Crawdads players,1994 births,Indios de Mayagüez players,Round Rock Express players,Milwaukee Brewers players,Major League Baseball outfielders,High Desert Mavericks players,Frisco RoughRiders players,Myrtle Beach Pelicans players

paragraph: Lewis Brinson

paragraph: Lewis Lamont Brinson (born May 8, 1994) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Milwaukee Brewers.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Lewis Brinson grew up in South Florida. As a child, he aspired to play baseball for the Florida Marlins. Brinson attended Coral Springs High School in Coral Springs, Florida. In the summer before his senior year, he won a home run derby for prospects at Wrigley Field. He initially committed to play college baseball for the Florida Gators of the University of Florida.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Texas Rangers.

paragraph: The Texas Rangers selected Brinson in the first round of the 2012 Major League Baseball draft. He signed with the Rangers, receiving a $1.625 million signing bonus, and made his professional debut with the Arizona League Rangers, hitting .283/.345/.523 with seven home runs over 237 at-bats in 54 games.

paragraph: Brinson spent 2013 with the Hickory Crawdads of the Class A South Atlantic League, hitting .237/.322/.427 with 21 home runs. He started 2014 with Hickory before being promoted to the Myrtle Beach Pelicans. In 347 at-bats over 89 games, he hit .288/.354/.458 with 13 home runs. Brinson started 2015 with the High Desert Mavericks of the Class A-Advanced California League and was promoted to the Frisco RoughRiders of the Double-A Texas League and Round Rock Express of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League (PCL) during the season. In 100 games over the three levels, he hit .332/.403/.601 with 20 home runs. After the season, he played in the Arizona Fall League. Brinson was invited to spring training by the Rangers in 2016. He began the season in Frisco.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Milwaukee Brewers.

paragraph: On August 1, 2016, the Rangers traded Brinson, Luis Ortiz, and a player to be named later to the Milwaukee Brewers for Jonathan Lucroy and Jeremy Jeffress. The Brewers assigned Brinson to the Colorado Springs Sky Sox of the PCL. He finished the 2016 season with a .268 batting average, 15 homers and 61 RBI's. The Brewers added him to their 40-man roster after the season.

paragraph: Brinson began the 2017 season with Colorado Springs. The Brewers promoted him to the major leagues on June 10. In 21 games, Brinson hit two home runs and batted .106.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Miami Marlins.

paragraph: On January 25, 2018, the Brewers traded Brinson, Isan Díaz, Monte Harrison, and Jordan Yamamoto to the Miami Marlins for Christian Yelich. MLB.com ranked Brinson as Miami's top prospect going into the 2018 season. On March 25, 2018, the Marlins announced that Brinson had made the Opening Day roster. He was demoted to AAA on April 30, 2019.

alias:
Lewis Lamont Brinson
Lewis L. Brinson

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Lewis Brinson

wikipedia_title: Lewis Brinson


text:
Benedictine monk
Lubiń
beatification
Grodzisk Wielkopolski
Wąbrzeźno
Royal Prussia
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Jesuit College
Poznań
novitiate
master of novices
turmoil
protestant
tuberculosis
odor of sanctity
beatification
occupation of Rome
Napoleon
Partitions of Poland
Grodzisk Wielkopolski
Lubiń

categories: Polish Roman Catholic priests,1575 births,Polish Benedictines,1603 deaths

paragraph: Bernard of Wąbrzeźno

paragraph: Bernard of Wąbrzeźno (, , born Błażej Pęcharek, , February 3, 1575 – June 2, 1603) was a Roman Catholic priest and a Benedictine monk from the Benedictine Abbey in Lubiń, Poland. He has been named as a candidate for beatification several times, beginning in the 1730s and most recently in 2009.

paragraph: A legend associated with Bernard was that he performed a miracle to restore water to the depleted well in the town of Grodzisk Wielkopolski, Poland. The well provided the water for the town's brewery, which was the primary source of income for the town; without the income from the brewery, its residents were starving. In addition to healing everybody who drank from it, the new water source was reputed to make the beer produced by the town's brewery far superior to what it had been able to produce before, and led to hundreds of years of prosperity for the town and its residents.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bernard was one of eight children of Paweł Pęcharek, the mayor of Wąbrzeźno, and his wife Dorota of Sasin. He was born in early 1575 in Wąbrzeźno, in the province of Royal Prussia in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, although the exact date is not known because a fire destroyed the town's church records in about 1751. His date of birth is estimated to be within a few days of February 3, based on statements of his older sister Elizabeth who testified under oath in 1645 about his age and baptism. After graduating from the parish school at the age of 12, he was sent by his father to the Jesuit College in Poznań. At the college, he gained distinction for his selfless love of his neighbors and his compassion for the sick and the poor. At the age of 24 he entered the novitiate in the Benedictine abbey in Lubiń, where he soon became master of novices at an unusually young age due to his ability to relate to young people. His goal was to teach in a Catholic school even though it was a period of great turmoil in the church, with many parishes leaving the church and becoming protestant churches.

paragraph: Bernard lived in the abbey for four years. He advanced to the priesthood in 1602, but died on June 2, 1603, probably of tuberculosis, in the odor of sanctity. According to written biographies, he often spent many hours in vigils and was always the first to prayer, and eager to perform hard work. He was remembered for his great love of the spiritual life.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification process.

paragraph: After Bernard's death, many people came forward to testify of the miracles he had performed and that miracles had appeared at his grave. Starting in the 1730s, the Archbishop of Poznań began collecting materials to produce biographies and testimonies of the miracles of Bernard. After his death, the documents needed for the process of beatification were filed in Rome. However, many of the Vatican archives were lost during the occupation of Rome by Napoleon's Army in the late 1700s, including some of the testimonies of the bishops of Poznań. Further attempts were made in later years, but were interrupted during the Partitions of Poland, and the wars and occupations of Poland during the first and second world wars. In 1968, the Metropolitan Archbishop of Poznań, Antoni Baraniak, formed a historical commission to resume the process. However, due to the deaths of members of this and other committees, the work slowed. In the early 2000s, attempts to restart the process and collect the necessary documentation resulted in the initiation of the beatification process on March 18, 2009 in Poznań.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: One of the legends associated with father Bernard was that some time around 1603, he arrived in the town of Grodzisk Wielkopolski from the Benedictine monastery in Lubiń to find the residents starving and the town's wells depleted. The brewery was the primary source of income for the town and the hospital. Bernard prayed for the wells, and a new source of water suddenly filled the Old Market Well. Legends claimed that the newly refilled well had the ability to make whoever drank from it healthy again, and the beer that was produced from the water was far superior to any of the beer the brewers had been able to produce before. The well became a municipal treasure and was given credit for the commercial success of the town's breweries over the centuries to follow. Between the years 1620 and 1815, the residents of Grodzisk made an annual pilgrimage to Bernard's tomb, to bring a huge barrel of the beer that they made from the well as a show of gratitude. The tradition was resumed in 2003, on the urging of Henryk Szymański, the mayor of Grodzisk Wielkopolski. On September 5, 2009, the city unveiled a sculpture of Father Bernard, tall, next to the Old Market Well.

description: Benedictine monk (1575-1603)

wikidata_label: Bernard of Wąbrzeźno

wikipedia_title: Bernard of Wąbrzeźno


text:
stock car racing
NASCAR Camping World Truck Series
Chevrolet Silverado
Young's Motorsports
International Karting Federation
Mooresville, North Carolina
Hooters Pro Cup Series
South Boston Speedway
Young's Motorsports
Camping World Truck Series
Rockingham Speedway
Chevrolet Silverado
Bristol Motor Speedway
Texas Motor Speedway
Chicagoland Speedway
Dover International Speedway
Talladega Superspeedway
Xfinity Series
Chevrolet Camaro
SS-Green Light Racing
loose

categories: People from Midland, Texas,Racing drivers from Texas,NASCAR drivers,1990 births,Living people

paragraph: Tyler Young (racing driver)

paragraph: Tyler Randall Young (born July 15, 1990) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes part time in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, driving the Nos. 12 and 20 Chevrolet Silverados for Young's Motorsports.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:Early career.

paragraph: When he was 12, Young started racing in the International Karting Federation, winning a championship in 2004. Afterwards, he ran races in Hobby Stocks, Sport Modifieds and Modifieds, moving to Mooresville, North Carolina in 2008 to continue his career. That year, he began competing in the Hooters Pro Cup Series, finishing 27th in his debut at South Boston Speedway.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:Camping World Truck Series.

paragraph: In 2012, Young and family-owned Young's Motorsports made their debuts in the Camping World Truck Series at Rockingham Speedway with the No. 02 Chevrolet Silverado. After starting 26th, he finished 28th. He made three more starts in the season, with a best finish of 20th at Bristol Motor Speedway. The following year, he made seven starts, with a best finish of 19th at Texas Motor Speedway.

paragraph: In 2014, Young ran the full Truck schedule for Young's. He recorded a best finish of 11th at Chicagoland Speedway. The following year, he recorded his first career top ten at Dover International Speedway, followed by another tenth-place finish at Talladega Superspeedway.

paragraph: In 2015, Young collected two top tens and finished 13th in the standings.

paragraph: In 2016, Young ran 14 races and finishing 19th in the standings.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:Xfinity Series.

paragraph: On July 10, 2015, Young made his Xfinity Series debut at Kentucky Speedway, driving the No. 90 Chevrolet Camaro for SS-Green Light Racing. Qualifying was rained out, forcing him to start 31st, and he battled a loose car to finish 28th.

paragraph: Section::::Motorsports career results.

paragraph: Section::::Motorsports career results.:NASCAR.:Camping World Truck Series.

paragraph: Season still in progressbr

description: American auto racing driver

wikidata_label: Tyler Young

wikipedia_title: Tyler Young (racing driver)


text: artistic gymnast

text: 2016 Summer Olympics

categories: Mediterranean Games medalists in gymnastics,People from Courbevoie,Sportspeople from Hauts-de-Seine,Universiade gold medalists for France,Universiade medalists in gymnastics,French male artistic gymnasts,Gymnasts at the 2016 Summer Olympics,1990 births,Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for France,Competitors at the 2018 Mediterranean Games,Olympic gymnasts of France,Living people

paragraph: Axel Augis

paragraph: Axel Louis Augis (born December 6, 1990) is a French male artistic gymnast and a member of the national team. He participated at the 2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Glasgow, and qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

description: French gymnast

wikidata_label: Axel Augis

wikipedia_title: Axel Augis


text:
artistic gymnast
parallel bars
2010 Summer Youth Olympics
World Championships
Marian Drăgulescu
Catalina Ponor
2016 Summer Olympics
Rio de Janeiro

categories: Gymnasts at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics,Olympic gymnasts of Romania,Universiade bronze medalists for Romania,Romanian male artistic gymnasts,Universiade medalists in gymnastics,Gymnasts at the 2016 Summer Olympics,People from Sibiu,1993 births,Living people

paragraph: Andrei Muntean

paragraph: Andrei Vasile Muntean (born January 30, 1993) is a Romanian male artistic gymnast and a member of the national team. He won gold medals on the parallel bars at the 2002 European Junior Championships and on the rings at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics. Since his senior debut in 2011, Muntean appeared in every edition of the World Championships, and was eventually selected to compete, alongside his fellow gymnasts Marian Drăgulescu and Catalina Ponor, for the Romanian squad at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.

description: Romanian gymnast

wikidata_label: Andrei Muntean

wikipedia_title: Andrei Muntean


text:
Ryazan
Omsk
Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
major general
Napoleonic Wars
lieutenant-general

categories: Russian people of the Kościuszko Uprising,Imperial Russian Army generals,1760 births,Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree,Russian people of the Polish–Russian War of 1792,Russian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars,1825 deaths

paragraph: Mikhail Bulatov

paragraph: Mikhail Leontievich Bulatov (; 1760 in Ryazan – 2 May 1825 in Omsk) was a Russian military officer who fought during the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) and became major general in 1799 during the Napoleonic Wars and lieutenant-general in 1823.

description: Russian lieutenant general

wikidata_label: Michail Leontievich Bulatov

wikipedia_title: Mikhail Bulatov


text:
Trinidad and Tobago
sprinter
200 meters
University of Kentucky
NCAA
200 meters event
2008 Olympic Games
100
200 metres
2012 Summer Olympics
2014 Commonwealth Games
100 meters
10 second time
60 meters
Lexington
Official bio at Kentucky

categories: Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Kentucky Wildcats men's track and field athletes,Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics,Living people,1986 births,Pan American Games bronze medalists for Trinidad and Tobago,Competitors at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games,Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Trinidad and Tobago,Olympic athletes of Trinidad and Tobago,Athletes (track and field) at the 2015 Pan American Games,Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field),Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Trinidad and Tobago,Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics,World Championships in Athletics athletes for Trinidad and Tobago,Trinidad and Tobago male sprinters,Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Commonwealth Games,Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Rondel Sorrillo

paragraph: Rondel Sorrillo (born 24 January 1986) is a Trinidad and Tobago sprinter, who specializes in the 200 meters. He was the first University of Kentucky athlete to win the men's 200 m title at the NCAA championships, winning it in 2010.

paragraph: Sorrillo competed in the 200 meters event at the 2008 Olympic Games, but without reaching the final round. He ran a personal best for the 100 m at the 2012 national championships, placing third with a time of 10.03 seconds. He represented Trinidad and Tobago in both the 100 and 200 metres at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

paragraph: He was part of the Trinidad and Tobago 4 × 100 m team that won the bronze medal at the 2014 Commonwealth Games.

paragraph: His personal best time for the 200 metres is 20.16 seconds. He also has a 9.99 second (+1.7) personal best in the 100 meters, achieved in 2016 while finishing second in the Trinidad and Tobago Olympic Trials. At 30 years, 152 days, he became the third oldest person to achieve a sub-10 second time for the first time; and 6.57 seconds in the 60 meters, achieved in January 2015 in Lexington.

paragraph: Section::::International competitions.

paragraph: Disqualified in the final

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official bio at Kentucky

description: Trinidadian sprint athlete

wikidata_label: Rondel Sorrillo

wikipedia_title: Rondel Sorrillo