text:
Ferrara
Samuel Lampronti
Shabbethai Elhanan Recanati
S. E. Sanguineti
Lugo
Manoah Provençal
Padua
Isaac Cantarini
yeshibah
ḥaber
Judah Brial
Joseph Cases
scudi
Sephardic
Samson Morpurgo
Ark of the Law
Mordecai Zahalon
Samuel Baruch Borghi
Mordecai Zahalon
Papal States
Jacob Raphael Saraval
Simchah Calimani
haskamot
Malachi ben Jacob Kohn
Isaac Foa
Abraham Baruch Piperno
Mekitze Nirdamim
Talmud
Halachah
Benedetto Isaac Levi
Samuel Ḥay
Solomon Lampronti
B. J. Levi
Nepi-Ghirondi
Geiger

categories: 1756 deaths,1679 births,Encyclopedists,Italian rabbis

paragraph: Isaac Lampronti

paragraph: Isaac Lampronti (February 3, 1679 – November 16, 1756) was an Italian rabbi and physician, best known as author of the rabbinic encyclopedia "Paħad Yitzħak".

paragraph: Lampronti was born at Ferrara. His great-grandfather, Samuel Lampronti, had emigrated from Constantinople to Ferrara in the sixteenth century. His father, a man of wealth, died when Isaac was six years of age. Isaac was sent to school in his eighth year, his teachers being Shabbethai Elhanan Recanati and S. E. Sanguineti. In his fourteenth year he went to Lugo, to the school of R. Manoah Provençal; thence he went to Padua to study medicine, attending at the same time lectures on philosophy. There he enjoyed especially the intercourse and instruction of the physician R. Isaac Cantarini.

paragraph: On completing his medical studies he was employed as teacher for a time in various Italian cities, and on his return to his native city the "yeshibah" conferred upon him the title of "ḥaber". Shortly afterward he went to Mantua to complete his rabbinical studies under R. Judah Brial and R. Joseph Cases, who also was a physician. Lampronti entered into especially close relations with R. Judah, whom he frequently mentions in his great work. When Mantua was threatened with war, in 1701, Lampronti, following the wishes of his family, returned to Ferrara, where he established himself as physician and teacher, delivering lectures for adults in his house both on week-days and on the Sabbath.

paragraph: Section::::Teacher.

paragraph: In 1709 Lampronti was appointed teacher at the Italian Talmud Torah, receiving a monthly salary of twelve "scudi" in return for devoting the larger part of his day to teaching chiefly Hebrew grammar, arithmetic, and Italian. Lampronti gave his pupils his own homilies on the weekly sections, composed in Italian, for practise in translating into Hebrew. He also set some of his pupils to copy from the sources material which he needed for the encyclopedic work he had undertaken.

paragraph: The directors of the community, who thought this interfered with his duties as teacher, forbade him, in October, 1725, to keep the material for his work in the schoolhouse. When the Spanish Talmud Torah was discontinued, in 1729, the pupils of this school also passed into the hands of Lampronti. Thus he became the teacher of most of the members of the community, and long after his death it was said in the community of Ferrara, "All the learning found among us is derived from the mouth of our father Isaac."

paragraph: In addition to his duties as teacher he filled the position of preacher, from 1704, in the Sephardic community, and, beginning with 1717, in the Italian synagogue. His sermons, which were very popular, have not been preserved. He mentions one of them, on truth and untruth, in referring to his "Sefer ha-Derushim Shelli" in an article of his "Paḥad Yiẓḥaḳ" (letter מ, article ). His funeral oration ("Darke Shalom") on Samson Morpurgo he mentions in his approbation to the latter's responsa "Shemesh Ẓedaḳah." His name is connected with an Ark of the Law in the Sephardic synagogue at Ferrara, placed there by him in 1710, at his own cost.

paragraph: In 1718 Lampronti was appointed a full member of the rabbinical college. His signature as the latest member, following those of Mordecai Zahalon, Shabbethai Elhanan Recanati, and Samuel Baruch Borghi, is found in a responsum of the "yeshibah" of Ferrara of the year 1727, which he quotes (letter ב, p. 20d).

paragraph: Section::::Physician.

paragraph: In 1738 he was elected rabbi of the Spanish synagogue in place of his former teacher, Recanati; and after the death of Mordecai Zahalon he became president of the "yeshibah" (1749). He began immediately the printing of his great work (see below). He had then reached the age of seventy, and for the next eight years until his death, he taught continuously, although he had to be taken to the school by his pupils on account of an ailment of his feet.

paragraph: Notwithstanding his other occupations, he continued to practise medicine, visiting his patients early in the morning, because, as he said, the physician has a surer eye and can judge better of the state of his patient after the night's rest. He had a great reputation as physician, and his contemporaries generally added to his name the epithet "the famous physician."

paragraph: He corresponded on medical subjects with his teacher Isaac Cantarini, and he drew upon his medical knowledge in many passages of his work.

paragraph: He died deeply mourned by the community and his numerous pupils. No stone was erected on his grave, for half a year before his death the tombstones of the Jewish cemetery of Ferrara had been destroyed at the instigation of the clergy (Ferrara belonged to the Papal States), and the Jews were at the same time forbidden to place stones on the graves of their dead. More than a century later, Ferrara publicly honored the memory of Lampronti; on April 19, 1872, a stone tablet, for which Jews and Christians had contributed, was placed on the house in which he had lived; it bears the following inscription: "Abitò in questa casa Isacco Lampronti, nato nel MDCLXXIX., morto nel MDCCLVI. Medico Teologo tra i dotti celebratissimo. Onorò la patria. Riverenti alla scienza alcuni cittadini posero MDCCCLXXII."

paragraph: Section::::The "Pachad Yitzchak".

paragraph: Lampronti's life-work was his rabbinical encyclopedia "Pachad Yitzchak" (name derived from Gen. xxxi. 42), the material for which he had begun to collect as early as his student days at Mantua, and on which he worked during his whole life. When he decided in his old age to publish this great work, he traveled together with his pupil Jacob Raphael Saraval, as the latter says in the preface of the correctors (Saraval and Simchah Calimani), through the Italian cities in order to secure the approbations ("haskamot") of the rabbinical authorities of Italy for the work.

paragraph: The collection of these approbations, which were given in 1749 and 1750, is a curious monument of the Jewish scholars of northern Italy in the eighteenth century; it includes sonnets and poems in other forms in honor of Lampronti. The following cities are represented by their yeshibahs or rabbis: Venice, Leghorn, Reggio, Verona, Ancona, Padua, Mantua, Casale Monferrato, Modena, Turin, Florence, Alessandria della Paglia, Pesaro, Finale, Lugo, Rovigo. In the second volume are added the approbations of R. Malachi ben Jacob Kohn of Livorno, author of the "Yad Mal'achi," and of three Palestinian scholars stopping at Ferrara.

paragraph: The work was planned to fill six volumes, as recorded in the printing permit of the Jewish communal directorate of Venice. But only the first volume and the first half of the second volume appeared during the author's lifetime. Vol. i. (1750) contains in two specially paged sections (of 124 and 76 folios respectively) the letter א; the first part of vol. ii. (1753) contains the letters ב (fol. 1-75) and ו (fol. 76-105). The second part of vol. ii. appeared forty years after the author's death (1796); it contains the letters ח (fol. 1-49), ו (fol. 50-60), ן (fol. 67-77), ח, beginning (78-110). Vol. iii. appeared in the same year; it contains: ח, end (fol. 1-61), ט (fol. 63-93). These volumes were printed at the press of Isaac Foa (formerly Bragadini) at Venice. Two other volumes appeared in 1813 (vol. iv., Reggio) and 1840 (vol. v., Leghorn); vol. iv. contains the letters י (fol. 1-41a.), ב (fol. 41a-108); ל (specially paged, 1-26); vol. v. contains the letter מ (241 fols.). This last-named volume contains additions to the text by Abraham Baruch Piperno, under the title "Zechor le-Abraham."

paragraph: In 1845 the autograph manuscript of the entire work was acquired by the Bibliothèque Nationale of Paris, in 120 volumes, 68 of which corresponded with the parts that had so far appeared. The Paris manuscript also contains the author's Italian correspondence, which was not included in the edition (see Cat. Hebr. MSS. Bibliothèque Nationale. p. 61. Nos. 458-577). The society Mekitze Nirdamim, on its foundation, took as one of its first tasks the publication of those portions of Lampronti's work which had not yet been printed. The first to appear (in octavo instead of folio, the size of the previous volumes) were the letters נ (1864; 100 fols.), ס (1866; 196 fols.), ע (1868; 173 fols.), פ (1871; 74 fols.), and צ and first half of ק (1874; 200 fols.). The work was continued ten years later by the reorganized society Mekitze Nirdamim; during 1885-87 the remainder of the letter ק was published and the letters ר (148 fols.), ש (318 fols.), and ח (183 fols.). Thus the publication of the work was completed 127 years after the printing of the first volume.

paragraph: Section::::The "Pachad Yitzchak".:Character of the work.

paragraph: Lampronti's work is an alphabetically arranged encyclopedia to the "Talmud" and Talmudic literature. In the censor's permit, dated June, 1749, prefixed to the first volume, it is designated as "Dizionario Rituale in Lingua Ebraica," a designation which probably originated with the author. As a matter of fact Lampronti's encyclopedia deals chiefly with the Halachah, the material for the articles being taken from the entire halachic literature down to the latest responsa, which he had, in part, in manuscript. He devotes much space to discussing questions of ritual law, as found in the responsa of contemporary Italian rabbis. On some questions he gives the entire correspondence, as on fols. 9d-13a, 31d-37d, 46d-50a, 74b-76a, 79c-80b, 102b-107a, in the first volume.

paragraph: The arrangement is a characteristic feature of the work. Single words are used occasionally as headings for his articles, but more frequently he uses entire sentences, either as he found them in the sources, or as propositions derived from the sources. In vol. i. thirty articles begin with the word? ; and a special article, besides, refers to about one hundred other articles of the work in which this concept is treated (see Jew. Encyc. ii. 215-218). About one hundred articles begin with the word?, and a special article refers to as many more in which the word occurs. The articles are arranged in strictly alphabetical order, this being especially important in a work of this kind. The quotations are accompanied by an exact statement of their sources. In addition to the Halakah much space is devoted to the Haggadah of the Talmuds, and the work may also be regarded as an alphabetical index of the Talmudic haggadic sentences.

paragraph: It may be noted as a curious instance that in the article (ii. 766) Lampronti refers to a work in Italian, the title of which he quotes in carefully punctuated Hebrew transcription: "Demostrazioni della Essenza di Dio dalle Opere della sua Creazione; da Guglielmo Deram [], Firenze, 1719." Lampronti's work has not yet been critically examined, nor has a list been made of the sources which he used or quoted. Addenda made by Lampronti are preserved in the library of the Talmud Torah at Ferrara; according to Rabbi Benedetto Isaac Levi of Ferrara, the author of a short biography of Lampronti ("Ha-Maggid," xix. 70), there are thirty-five folios, most of the leaves of which are, however, blank. But the addenda which are scattered through the several volumes of the work itself would if collected make a stout volume.

paragraph: Lampronti's elder son, Samuel Ḥay, is mentioned in the article ; his younger son, Solomon Lampronti, was a physician, like his father, and versed in rabbinical lore.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- B. J. Levi, Della Vita e dell' Opera di Isacco Lampronti, Padua, 1871;

paragraph: BULLET::::- idem, in Ha-Maggid (1875), xix. 69 et seq.;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nepi-Ghirondi, Toledot Gedole Yisrael;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geiger, Jüd. Zeit. 1871, ix. 183 et seq.

description: Italian rabbi

wikidata_label: Isaac Lampronti

wikipedia_title: Isaac Lampronti


text:
Argentinian
cartographer
Aide-de-camp
José de San Martín
San Miguel de Tucumán
Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata
alcalde
Lautaro Lodge
José Moldes
Buenos Aires
May Revolution
Antonio Álvarez Jonte
Lima
Córdoba
artillery
gunpowder
Juan Gregorio de Las Heras
Marcos González de Balcarce
Cuyo Province
Supreme Director
Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
war materiel
Andean
Casimiro Marcó del Pont
cordillera
Paso de Los Patos
Paso de Uspallata
Army of the Andes
Battle of Chacabuco
warship
First Chilean Navy Squadron
Lord Thomas Cochrane
Freedom Expedition of Perú
Bolivia
Mendoza Province
régime
Juan Manuel de Rosas
Santiago de Chile

categories: 1780 births,People of the Argentine War of Independence,People from San Miguel de Tucumán

paragraph: José Antonio Álvarez Condarco

paragraph: José Antonio Álvarez Condarco (1780-1855) was an Argentinian soldier, manufacturer of explosives and cartographer. He also served as Aide-de-camp and private secretary to general José de San Martín.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born at San Miguel de Tucumán in what was then the Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata. His father was the alcalde. In his youth, he belonged to a branch of the revolutionary Lautaro Lodge which had been established in Tucumán by José Moldes. In 1810, he was living in Buenos Aires and enthusiastically supported the May Revolution. At the end of that year, he and Antonio Álvarez Jonte were sent to Chile on a diplomatic mission, where they established a military alliance between the revolutionaries of both countries. From there, he relocated to Lima, where there were no similar revolutionary movements. After being arrested several times, he returned to Río de la Plata and settled in Córdoba.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Military career.

paragraph: In 1812, he became an officer in the artillery. His knowledge of explosives led him to be named director of the newly established gunpowder factory in Córdoba. In 1813, he participated in the campaigns of colonel Juan Gregorio de Las Heras in Chile, with the mission of managing the arsenal for the patriotic forces. There, he made friends with Marcos González de Balcarce, whom he employed as an intermediary for transmitting important messages to general San Martín, who was then the governor of Cuyo Province. San Martín valued his patriotism and decided that he wanted to have him by his side. Later, he sent him on a secret mission to Buenos Aires, to consult with Supreme Director Juan Martín de Pueyrredón. Together, they were able to establish what types and quantities of war materiel would be necessary for the Andean campaign.

paragraph: At the end of 1816, San Martín sent him to Chile, with the apparent mission of delivering letters to Casimiro Marcó del Pont, the Spanish governor. In reality, San Martín wanted to employ his skills as a cartographer to discover the best path for the army to cross the cordillera. He originally crossed through the Paso de Los Patos. Marcó del Pont sent him to return by what he knew to be the shortest path, the Paso de Uspallata. The maps that Álvarez Condarco drew from memory were essential to the successful Andean crossing to Chile made by the Army of the Andes.

paragraph: He acted as San Martín's "aide-de-camp" and fought heroically in the Battle of Chacabuco. In 1818, he was sent to England with ₤20,000 to buy warships and recruit sailors for the First Chilean Navy Squadron. While there, he persuaded Lord Thomas Cochrane to accept command of the squadron.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later life.

paragraph: He retired from the army shortly after the Freedom Expedition of Perú and remained in Chile, where he was engaged in building roads. For a short time, he did the same in Bolivia and Mendoza Province. Afterwards, he returned to Chile, where he taught mathematics. For a time, he was chief of the Department of Engineering and Roads for the Republic of Chile.

paragraph: He was unable to return to Argentina because of his public opposition to the régime of Juan Manuel de Rosas. He lived in Chile until his death in 1855, in Santiago de Chile. He died in poverty and his friends had to cover the cost of his burial.

description: Argentine soldier

wikidata_label: José Antonio Álvarez Condarco

wikipedia_title: José Antonio Álvarez Condarco


text:
NSND
Quý Dương
Trung Kiên
Three Tenors

paragraph: Trần Hiếu

paragraph: NSND Trần Hiếu (23 April 1936) is a Vietnamese classical singer. With the late Quý Dương and Trung Kiên, Hiếu was counted as the 3C Trio (Vietnamese "Tam ca 3C," from "tam ca 3 “cụ”"), a term modelled on the Three Tenors.

description: singer

wikidata_label: Trần Hiếu

wikipedia_title: Trần Hiếu


text:
Texas
Newsweek
Time
The New York Times
World Press Photo of the Year
Tank Man
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
Charlie Cole Photography

categories: American photojournalists,1955 births,Living people

paragraph: Charlie Cole (photographer)

paragraph: Charlie Cole (born 1955 in Texas) is an American photographer and photojournalist.

paragraph: Cole left the United States in 1980 and moved to Japan, where he worked for magazines as Newsweek or Time and newspapers like The New York Times.

paragraph: He won the 1990 World Press Photo of the Year for a photo taken of the Tank Man during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

paragraph: Charlie Cole lives and works from Bali, Indonesia.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charlie Cole Photography

description: American photojournalist

wikidata_label: Charlie Cole

wikipedia_title: Charlie Cole (photographer)


text:
Jesuit
Vilnius
Vilnius University
Jesuit colleges at Polotsk
Minsk

categories: 1710 births,Vilnius University faculty,Polish Jesuits,Polish Roman Catholic theologians,1766 deaths,Philosophy academics

paragraph: Adam Abramowicz

paragraph: Adam Abramowicz (1710–1766) was a Polish Jesuit. He taught eloquence, philosophy and moral theology, and also contributed to the construction of several churches and colleges.

paragraph: He entered the Society of Jesus on August 20, 1726, in Vilnius. In the years 1743–1744 he was a prefect of the Jesuit schools and in the years 1744–1748 was a professor of philosophy at Vilnius University.

paragraph: In 1752, he became a regent of Vilnius Jesuit boarding school, and later held the post of regent in the Jesuit colleges at Polotsk in 1763–1766 and Minsk in 1766–1770.

wikidata_label: Adam Abramowicz

wikipedia_title: Adam Abramowicz


text: Merryfield

text: Ilton

text: Edge

text: Branscombe

text: Nicholas Wadham (1531–1609)

text: Wadham College, Oxford

text: Dorothy Wadham

text: Wadham, Knowstone

text: South Molton

text: Exmoor

text: West Country

text: Merryfield

text: Edge

text: Affeton Castle

text: Sheriff of Devon

text: Manor of Affeton

text: Member of Parliament

text: Somerset

text: Knight of the Shire

text: Reformation Parliament

text: Esquire of the Body

text: King Henry VII (1485–1509)

text: Sheriff of Devon

text: Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset

text: Sheriff of Wiltshire

text: Captain of the Isle of Wight

text: Carisbrooke Castle

text: King Henry VIII (1509–1547)

text: Field of the Cloth of Gold

text: Commission

text: Ferdinand of Aragon

text: Vice Admiral

text: Cardinal Wolsey

text: indictment

text: treason

text: Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham

text: Thornbury Castle

text: Middle Temple

text: Halsway

text: Bridport

text: Houndstone

text: Yeovil

text: John Stourton (died 1438)

text: Preston Plucknett

text: Abbey Farm House

text: Abbey Barn, Yeovil

text: Brympton d'Evercy

text: Robert Hill (died 1426)

text: Justice of the Common Pleas

text: Sir Walter Raleigh

text: Sir Humphrey Gilbert

text: Sir Richard Grenville

text: John Wadham (died 1578)

text: Merryfield

text: Edge

text: Nicholas Wadham (1531–1609)

text: Dorothy Wadham

text: Wadham College, Oxford

text: Stoke Gifford

text: Stoke Park, Bristol

text: Rector

text: Barton St David

text: Queen Catherine Parr

text: Joan Champernowne

text: Laurence Saunders

text: Delapré Abbey

text: Manor of Ashton

text: Poltimore, Devon

text: Richard Bampfield

text: Sheriff of Devon

text: Poltimore House

text: The Great House, Bristol

text: Hestercombe

text: John Seymour (1474–1536)

text: Wulfhall

text: Margery Wentworth

text: Queen Jane Seymour

text: Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset

text: King Edward VI (1547–1553)

text: Carisbrooke Castle

text: St. Mary's Church, Carisbrooke

text: Isle of Wight

text: Ilton

text: Romsey Abbey

text: dissolution

text: Clearwell

text: Giles Brydges (died 1511)

text: Coberley

text: Lytes Cary

text: National Trust

text: monumental brass

text: Ilton

text: Ilton

text: Thomas Graham Jackson

text: Pole, Sir William

text: Prince, John

categories: 15th-century births,People from South Somerset (district),1542 deaths,Wadham family,High Sheriffs of Devon,High Sheriffs of Somerset,High Sheriffs of Dorset,People from East Devon District,English MPs 1529–1536,High Sheriffs of Wiltshire,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: Nicholas Wadham (1472–1542)

paragraph: Sir Nicholas Wadham (by 1472–1542) of Merryfield in the parish of Ilton, Somerset and Edge in the parish of Branscombe, Devon was the grandfather of Nicholas Wadham (1531–1609), posthumous co-founder of Wadham College, Oxford whose wife Dorothy Wadham outlived him and, in her advanced old age, saw the project through to completion.

paragraph: Originally taking their name from the manor of Wadham, Knowstone between South Molton and Exmoor in north Devon, Nicholas Wadham was descended from a West Country gentry family with a leaning towards the law. He was the eldest son and heir of John Wadham (died 1502) of Merryfield and Edge and Elizabeth Stucley, daughter of Sir Hugh Stucley of Affeton Castle and Sheriff of Devon in 1449, who had married Katherine de Affeton sole heiress of the Manor of Affeton, Nicholas Wadham's grandmother.

paragraph: Sir Nicholas was Member of Parliament for Somerset as a Knight of the Shire with his kinsman Sir William Stourton, 7th Baron Stourton (c. 1505 – 1548), in the Reformation Parliament of 1529 to 1534.

paragraph: Nicholas Wadham was Esquire of the Body to King Henry VII (1485–1509) in 1503, and knighted in 1504 "at ye creacion of Prince Henry", then only thirteen years of age. He was Sheriff of Devon in 1502 and 1515, Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset in 1498 and 1534, and Sheriff of Wiltshire in 1516. He was Captain of the Isle of Wight with residence at Carisbrooke Castle from 1509-1520, and with his uncle Sir Edward Wadham was present with King Henry VIII (1509–1547) at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, in 1520.

paragraph: In 1512, he was one of the Commission for fitting out at Southampton the abortive expedition under Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset (1477–1530) to aid Ferdinand of Aragon in his invasion of France and, from 1521–1523, was Vice Admiral to Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey (1473–1554), High Admiral of England from 1521 to 1525.

paragraph: He was granted a patent in 1524, licensing him "to make a park at Merifield of 200 acres of pasture and 40 acres of woodland". In 1530, he was appointed one of the Commissioners for making inquisition into the estates of Cardinal Wolsey. Both Sir Nicholas and his uncle, Sir Edward Wadham, were jurors in Bristol at the indictment for treason in May 1521 of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham of Thornbury Castle in Gloucestershire. In 1524, he received an honorary admission to the Middle Temple.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: He married four times:

paragraph: First to his cousin Joan Hill, a daughter of Robert Hill of Halsway Somerset, Bridport Dorset and Houndstone near Yeovil and of Alice Stourton, one of the three daughters and co-heiresses of John Stourton (died 1438) of the manor of Preston Plucknett, today (in 2017) known as the Abbey Farm House and Abbey Barn, Yeovil, and of Brympton d'Evercy. Joan Hill was a great granddaughter of Sir Robert Hill (died 1426) of Shilston Justice of the Common Pleas from 1408 to 1423 and Elisabeth (sometimes called 'Isabella') Wadham. By descent of the Hill, Champernowne and Gilbert families, Nicholas Wadham was a cousin of the Devonshire adventurers Sir Walter Raleigh, Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Richard Grenville. Nicholas Wadham's six children with Joan Hill were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Wadham (died 1578), the son and heir of Merryfield and Edge, and father of Nicholas Wadham (1531–1609) co-founder with his wife Dorothy Wadham, of Wadham College, Oxford.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laurence Wadham of Merifield, who died in 1522, and whose only child Nicholas Wadham, married to Dorothy Berkeley of Stoke Gifford, Stoke Park, Bristol died without children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giles Wadham, Rector of Barton St David.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrew Wadham, "one of the Gentlemen Ushers of the Queen's grace" to Queen Catherine Parr; perhaps, at the behest of her friend and lady-in-waiting, and his kinswoman, Joan Champernowne. Married to Anne, daughter of Laurence Saunders he died, without children, in 1550, at their home Delapré Abbey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Wadham, who married Sir Richard Chudleigh of the Manor of Ashton.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Wadham, was married twice:

paragraph: To Sir Edward Bampfield (died 1528) of Poltimore, Devon. Their son Richard Bampfield (1526–1594), Sheriff of Devon in 1576, began construction in 1550 of the Tudor period Poltimore House and, in 1590, Bampfylde House, Exeter; along with The Great House, Bristol one of the finest town houses in the West Country in the Elizabethan era.

paragraph: She was also married to John Warre of Chipleigh (Chipley Park, Somerset), second son of Sir Richard Warre of Hestercombe.

paragraph: Margaret Seymour, Lady Wadham (died 1520), second wife to Sir Nicholas Wadham and also his distant cousin, was a sister of Sir John Seymour (1474–1536) of Wulfhall, married to Margery Wentworth, parents to Queen Jane Seymour and Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset; and thus grandparents to King Edward VI (1547–1553). Margaret Seymour died in 1520, whilst she and Sir Nicholas were still resident at Carisbrooke Castle where he was governor, and there is a fine monument to her memory in St. Mary's Church, Carisbrooke on the Isle of Wight. They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicholas Wadham, who died as a baby, in 1508. His monumental chrysom brass is in St Peter's Church, Ilton Somerset, where he lies buried beneath the arms of Wadham... and angel wings of Seymour.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Katherine Wadham, and

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jane Wadham, first cousins to Queen Jane Seymour and Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset. Both Wadham women became reluctant nuns at Romsey Abbey; both appear to have married after the dissolution of the abbey in 1539.

paragraph: Thirdly, Sir Nicholas married Isabel Baynham, daughter of Thomas Baynham of Clearwell, Gloucestershire, widow of Sir Giles Brydges (died 1511) of Coberley, Gloucestershire.

paragraph: He married lastly, Joan Lyte (died 1557), a daughter of Richard Lyte of Lytes Cary Somerset, now maintained by the National Trust (NT), the widow of William Walton of Barton St David. There is a monumental brass to Dame Joan Wadham in St Peter's Church, Ilton.

paragraph: There were apparently no children by his third and fourth marriages although his will, written in 1539, leaves "to my son Nicholas, my third best horse" and a hundred pounds. Given that his son Nicholas by Margaret Seymour died as a baby and was buried at Ilton in 1508, this remains something of a mystery.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Graham Jackson, "Wadham College, Oxford, its Foundation, Architecture and History, with an Account of the Family of Wadham and their Seats in Somerset and Devon", Oxford, 1893

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pole, Sir William (died 1635). "Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon", Sir John-William de la Pole (ed.), London, 1791, p. 141, pedigree of Wadham of "Egge", Branscombe

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince, John, (1643–1723). "The Worthies of Devon", 1810 edition, biography of Wadham, Sir John, Knight, (died 1412), pp. 748–752

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stevens, Hariet Weeks Wadhams. "Wadhams Genealogy: Preceded by a Sketch of the Wadham Family of England", New York, 1913

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rogers, William Henry Hamilton. "Memorials of the West, Historical and Descriptive, Collected on the Borderland of Somerset, Dorset and Devon", Exeter, 1888, pp. 147–173, The Founder and Foundress of Wadham

paragraph: BULLET::::- Virgoe, Roger. "Biography of Wadham, Sir Nicholas (by 1472–1542), of Merrifield, nr. Ilton, Som.", Published in The History of Parliament: House of Commons 1509–1558, ed. S.T. Bindoff, 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.). "The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620", Exeter, 1895

description: English politician

wikidata_label: Nicholas Wadham

wikipedia_title: Nicholas Wadham (1472–1542)


text:
general
Chief of the General Staff
Royal Yugoslav Army
World War II
2nd Army Group
German
Axis
invasion of Yugoslavia
World War II
Milan Rađenković
1st Army
Danube
Tisza
2nd Army
Dragoslav Miljković
Slavonski Brod
Belgrade
suburb
Sopot
Milan
World War II
Sima Milutinović Sarajlija
Karađorđe
Lazarevac
Čokešina
Serbian Revolution
Vasojevići
Military Academy
Balkan Wars
World War I
interwar period
military attaché
Germany
Austria
Anschluss
Dušan Simović
2nd Army Group
Axis
invasion of Yugoslavia
Milan Rađenković
1st Army
Danube
Tisza
2nd Army
Dragoslav Miljković
Slavonski Brod
prisoner-of-war

categories: Royal Yugoslav Army personnel,Serbian people of World War I,1945 deaths,Government ministers of Yugoslavia,Serbian generals,Recipients of the Order of St. Sava,Serbian military personnel of the Balkan Wars,People from Belgrade,Serbian military personnel of World War I,Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Serbia),Suicides in Austria,1882 births,Serbian people of World War II,People from the Kingdom of Serbia,Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur

paragraph: Milutin Nedić

paragraph: Milutin Nedić (; 26 October 1882 – 1945) was a general and Chief of the General Staff of the Royal Yugoslav Army prior to the outbreak of World War II. He was replaced in late 1938, and later commanded the 2nd Army Group during the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia of April 1941 during World War II. Nedić's command consisted of General Milan Rađenković's 1st Army, responsible for the area between the Danube and the Tisza, and the 2nd Army of General Dragoslav Miljković, responsible for the border from Slatina to the Danube. Nedić had no Army Group reserve, but the 2nd Army was to constitute a reserve of one infantry division deployed south of Slavonski Brod.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Milutin Nedić was born in the Belgrade suburb of Sopot on 26 October 1882, to Đorde and Pelagia Nedić ( Ilić). His was an old revolutionary family. His brother Milan would go on to have a long military career lasting until World War II. Nedić's father was a district chief and his mother was a schoolteacher. She was the granddaughter of Nikola Mihailović, who was mentioned in the writings of poet Sima Milutinović Sarajlija and served as an ally to the revolutionary leader Karađorđe. The Nedić family was originally from the village of Zaoka, near Lazarevac. It traced its origins to two brothers, Damjan and Gligorije, who had defended the Čokešina Monastery from the Turks during the Serbian Revolution. The family received its surname from Nedić's great-grandmother Neda, who was a member of the Vasojevići tribe of Montenegro.

paragraph: In 1920, Nedić married Anastasia Krsmanović, the daughter of a successful Belgrade merchant. The marriage did not last, and later he married a woman named Jelica Hristić. The couple had one child, a son named Nastas.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Balkan Wars and World War I.

paragraph: Nedić attended the Military Academy in Belgrade in the late-19th century, and finished first in his class. He began his military service in 1901, and participated in both Balkan Wars, during which he was in the communications section of the Supreme Command and later adjutant to the Chief of the General Staff. During World War I, Nedić was the chief of the General Staff section of the Ministry of War, and chief of staff of the "Drinska" Division.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Interwar period.

paragraph: During the interwar period, Nedić was the Yugoslav military attaché in Bulgaria, France and Italy, before being appointed as the General Officer Commanding the Air Force. He remained in this position until he was appointed as Chief of the General Staff in September 1936.

paragraph: On 17 September 1938, Nedić approved a Yugoslav war plan to address a potential attack from the north following Germany's annexation of Austria (the "Anschluss"). In October, he was replaced as Chief of the General Staff by General Dušan Simović, who implemented a new war plan code-named "Plan S" ("S" standing for "sever", or north). Nedić became the Minister of the Army and Navy. Contemporary British diplomatic staff described him as having "a charming personality", and stated that he was "very energetic and keen". However, they also blamed him for the indecision that plagued Yugoslav air policy during his time as minister.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:World War II.

paragraph: Nedić commanded the 2nd Army Group during the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia of April 1941. Nedić's command consisted of General Milan Rađenković's 1st Army, responsible for the area between the Danube and the Tisza, and the 2nd Army of General Dragoslav Miljković, responsible for the border from Slatina to the Danube. Nedić had no Army Group reserve, but the 2nd Army was to constitute a reserve of one infantry division deployed south of Slavonski Brod. During the invasion, he was taken into captivity by the Germans and detained in a German prisoner-of-war camp in Germany. The Germans allowed Nedić to return to Belgrade in 1942. He left Belgrade in October 1944 and retreated to Austria, where he committed suicide in 1945.

description: Yugoslav general

wikidata_label: Milutin Nedić

wikipedia_title: Milutin Nedić


text: Sumoto

text: Awaji Island

text: Tokyo

text: Miyako Shimbun

text: hand fan

text: Seiki Kuroda

text: yōga

text: Ryūsei Kishida

text: Fusain

text: post-impressionism

text: Vincent van Gogh

text: Paul Cézanne

text: Bunten

text: Shōhachi Kimura

text: Kōtarō Takamura

text: sōsaku hanga

text: William Nicholson

text: Edmund Dulac

text: Arthur Rackham

text: theater critic

text: stage design

text: children's literature

text: Ujō Noguchi

text: Chihiro Iwasaki

text: Seiichi Horiuchi

text: Shōwa period

text: Shōjo Club

text: Takeo Takei

text: Tomoyoshi Murayama

text: typhoid fever

text: yacht

categories: Sosaku hanga artists,20th-century Japanese painters,Japanese illustrators,Artists from Hyōgo Prefecture,Japanese children's book illustrators,1930 deaths,1888 births,People of Taishō-period Japan,Deaths from typhoid fever

paragraph: Kiichi Okamoto

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Okamoto was born in Sumoto on Awaji Island in 1888. He and his family moved to Tokyo in 1892 for his father's promotion to the vice-president of Miyako Shimbun. When in elementary school, Okamoto encountered hand fans with beautiful paintings which fascinated him and motivated him to study painting.

paragraph: In 1906, he was apprenticed to Seiki Kuroda to study yōga at the age of 18. Among his fellow pupils was Ryūsei Kishida, with whom Okamoto formed an artists' group and named it Fusain Society (Fyūzankai) to promote post-impressionism. Enthralled by Vincent van Gogh and Paul Cézanne, they held an exhibition challenging the conservative Bunten in 1912. It angered Kuroda and brought an end to their mentoring relationship, leading to the split of Fusain Society. Nevertheless, Okamoto and Kishida organized a new group together with Shōhachi Kimura and Kōtarō Takamura to give an exhibition of their own paintings in October 1913.

paragraph: Okamoto was also active in the sōsaku hanga movement. The influence of William Nicholson can be seen in his hanga "Portrait of N.O." He was also influenced by Edmund Dulac and Arthur Rackham.

paragraph: Section::::Career in children's media.

paragraph: In 1914, upon his marriage, Okamoto moved next door to Kusuyama Masao, a popular theater critic and translator of Western literature. Kusuyama helped Okamoto expand his activities to include stage design, and also asked Okamoto to draw illustrations for a series of juvenile novels "Mohan Katei Bunko", of which he was the editor-in-chief, in 1915.

paragraph: Okamoto began drawing for "Kin no Fune", a magazine of children's literature and songs, in 1919. Knowing Ujō Noguchi through his jobs, Okamoto drew illustrations for Noguchi's works.

paragraph: In 1922, Okamoto was named chief illustrator for "Kodomo no Kuni" from its second issue. "Kodomo no Kuni" was sold at a half yen per copy, relatively expensive compared to rival magazines, but was enough competitive due to its high quality of the pictures. Among the ardent readers were Chihiro Iwasaki and Seiichi Horiuchi, who would become leading illustrators for children in the mid-Shōwa period. Horiuchi admired Okamoto's ability to capture facial expressions.

paragraph: Starting to work for "Shōjo Club" in 1923 and for "Kodomo Asahi" in 1924, Okamoto became the most popular illustrator for children in Japan in the 1920s. In 1927, he participated in forming the Japan Association of Illustrators for Children with Takeo Takei, Tomoyoshi Murayama and other painters.

paragraph: He had been busy with his work until just a few days before he died of typhoid fever at the age of 42 in Tokyo.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Okamoto married Kishiko in 1914 and had two sons. His elder son, Hajime, became a professional yacht photographer.

description: Japanese painter

wikidata_label: Kiichi Okamoto

wikipedia_title: Kiichi Okamoto


text: Catholic Church

text: Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy

text: Holy See

text: Asiago

text: Province of Vicenza

text: ordained

text: dogmatic theology

text: Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy

text: Holy See

text: Secretariat of State

text: Pope Francis

text: Beniamino Stella

text: Congregation for the Clergy

text: Titular Archbishop

text: Telde

categories: Diplomats of the Holy See,Members of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples,21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops,1958 births,Presidents of the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy,Italian titular archbishops,People from Vicenza,Living people,Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni

paragraph: Giampiero Gloder

paragraph: Giampiero Gloder (born 15 May 1958) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who has been president of the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy since 2013 and vice Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church since 2014. He joined the diplomatic service of the Holy See in 1993.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Gloder was born in the township of Asiago in the Italian Province of Vicenza. He was ordained a priest for the diocese of Padua on 4 June 1983. He studied dogmatic theology and then studied at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy.

paragraph: He entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See on 1 July 1993. He worked in Guatemala until 1995 and then in the General Affairs Office of the Secretariat of State in Rome. He was promoted to First Secretary in 1997, Counselor 2nd class in 2001, and Counselor First Class in 2005.

paragraph: On 21 September 2013, Pope Francis gave him the title "Apostolic Nuncio" and named him President of the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, succeeding Archbishop Beniamino Stella who was appointed prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy. He was also named Titular Archbishop of Telde. He was consecrated a bishop by Pope Francis on 24 October 2013.

paragraph: On 13 September 2014 he was appointed a member of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. On 20 December 2014 Pope Francis named him vice Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Hierarchy: Archbishop Giampiero Gloder

description: Italian titular archbishop

wikidata_label: Giampiero Gloder

wikipedia_title: Giampiero Gloder


text: Fedor

text: Reichenbach im Vogtland

text: Leipzig

text: German

text: Gründerzeit

text: Raphael of Cats

text: Dresden Academy of Fine Arts

text: Adrian Ludwig Richter

text: Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld

text: Chemnitz

text: Masonic Lodge

text: Richard Wagner

text: art education

text: America

text: Progressive education

text: Biedermeier

text: Romanticism

text: Historicism

text: Art Nouveau

text: cat

text: Wilhelm von Kaulbach

text: Grandville

text: oil painting

text: fresco

text: Hoffmann's Stärkefabriken

text: Bad Salzuflen

text: Dresdner Werkstätten

text: Playing card

text: Die Gartenlaube

text: picture book

text: Reynard the Fox

text: Georg Christian Dieffenbach

text: Joachim Ringelnatz

text: Theodor Storm

text: Aunt Judy's Magazine

text: graphic designer

text: landscape painter

text: KGB

text: Christian Ludwig Attersee

text: Nayland Blake

text: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art

text: New St. John's Cemetery

text: Adolf Lehnert

text: Froschmäusekrieg

text: Batrachomyomachia

text: Juliana Horatia Ewing

text: Troisdorf

text: Dresden

text: Reichenbach im Vogtland

text: Neuberin

text: Bad Pyrmont

text: Bad Salzuflen

text: Fedor Flinzer Bilderbuchwelt

text: List of German painters

categories: German male painters,19th-century German male writers,German satirists,People from Leipzig,People from Chemnitz,20th-century German writers,1832 births,20th-century German male writers,German illustrators,20th-century German painters,People from Dresden,19th-century German writers,1911 deaths,19th-century German painters,People from Reichenbach im Vogtland,19th-century German educators

paragraph: Fedor Flinzer

paragraph: Fedor Alexis Flinzer (4 April 1832 in Reichenbach im Vogtland – 14 June 1911 in Leipzig) was an author, educator and one of the greatest German illustrators of the Gründerzeit, who was called Raphael of Cats.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Since 1849 Flinzer visited the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts. His teachers were i.a. Adrian Ludwig Richter and Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. From 1859 he held a position as an art teacher in Chemnitz, where he also was one of the founders of the "Kunsthütte" (art cabin) and a member of the Masonic Lodge "Zur Harmonie" (to the harmony). In 1862 Flinzer married Marie Wolfram, a niece of the composer Richard Wagner.

paragraph: Section::::Art teacher and municipal inspector of art education in Leipzig.

paragraph: 1876 – shortly after he took office as a municipal inspector of art education and after the beginning of his work as an art teacher at the Petrischule in Leipzig – Flinzer summarized his accumulated practical knowledge in his textbook called "Lehrbuch des Zeichenunterrichts" (Bielefeld/Leipzig 1876). This work made him known also in other European countries and in America. Because of his textbook Flinzer was referred as a forerunner of the so-called "Kunsterziehungsbewegung" (Art education movement), part of the Progressive education movement. Flinzer joined issues with the leading representatives of this movement. In consequence of the "Kunsterziehungsbewegung" his influence waned.

paragraph: Section::::Artist.

paragraph: Rooted in the art of Biedermeier and Romanticism, Flinzer later created works with clear traces of Historicism and with hints of Art Nouveau. His artistic preference was for the animal world, his passion were cats. This was the reason for his nicknames "Katzen-Flinzer" (Cat Flinzer) or Saxon Raphael of Cats. Characteristic for Flinzer's art is the humanized and satirical depiction of animals, partly in the style of Wilhelm von Kaulbach and Grandville.

paragraph: In Flinzer's early years oil paintings and frescos emerged such as for the "Webschule" (weaving school) in Chemnitz. Examples for his commercial art work are the "Cat", a world-famous brand for Hoffmann's Stärkefabriken in Bad Salzuflen, and designs for toys of the Dresdner Werkstätten. Flinzer also illustrated oval Playing cards. Apart from this the illustrator Flinzer worked for an adult audience, as in the family magazines Die Gartenlaube and "Daheim". Over and above, illustrations for hundreds of children, youth and picture books came into being. Flinzer's main work is the picture book "König Nobel" (1886), a continuation of the famous Reynard the Fox published in collaboration with the German author Julius Lohmeyer (1834–1903). Other writers, with whom Flinzer worked, are Frida Schanz (1859–1944), Victor Blüthgen (1844–1920), Georg Christian Dieffenbach, Johannes Trojan (1837–1915), Edwin Bormann (1851–1912) and Georg Boetticher (1849–1918), the father of Joachim Ringelnatz.

paragraph: Finally, Flinzer's contributions to the influential youth magazine "Deutsche Jugend" have to be mentioned; for example, he illustrated the first edition of Theodor Storm's story "Lena Wies" for this periodical. Further, Flinzer contributed to a well-known British publication for young people called Aunt Judy's Magazine.

paragraph: Flinzer was a member of the Leipzig artist association "Leoniden". Among his pupils were the graphic designer Hans Domizlaff (1892–1971), the landscape painter Arthur Feudel (1857–1929), the sculptor Albrecht Leistner (1887–1950) as well as the artist and KGB agent Gerd Kaden (1891–1990).

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: Inspired by a picture-book illustration of Flinzer, the Austrian artist Christian Ludwig Attersee created his provocative work "Kinderzimmertriptychon" (Nursery Triptych; dated 1971). In 1989 Nayland Blake combined a drawing by Flinzer from the "Deutsche Jugend" with a phrase he wrote and laid out in type. This work is, without any hint on Flinzer's authorship, in the collection of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art today.

paragraph: Section::::Memorial and Medal.

paragraph: Flinzer's grave was located in the New St. John's Cemetery in Leipzig. In 1914 the sculptor Johannes Hartmann (1869–1952) completed his Fedor Flinzer monument for this grave. The medailleur Adolf Lehnert (1862–1948) designed a medal in Flinzer's honor.

paragraph: Section::::Works (Selection).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Frau Kätzchen", Chemnitz 1870 (with Emma Hilgenfeld)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Froschmäusekrieg" [based on the Greek Batrachomyomachia], Frankfurt am Main 1878 (with Victor Blüthgen; modified reprint 1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reineke Fuchs (Freie Nachdichtung des niederdeutschen Reinke de Vos.)", Glogau 1881 (with Julius Lohmeyer and Edwin Bormann)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jugendbrunnen", Berlin 1883 (reprint 1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Contribution to "The feathers & fur picture book", London & New York 1884

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poquito á poco", Barcelona 1885 (with Anna Herding)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Glückliche Kinderzeit", Bremen 1885 (with Georg Christian Dieffenbach; modified reprint 1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "By little and little or first English lesson-book for children from five to ten years of age", Breslau 1885 (with A. Herding)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nuevas fábulas", Barcelona 1886 (with Felipe Jacinto Sala)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tommy Murr's diary", London ca. 1886

paragraph: BULLET::::- "König Nobel", Breslau 1886 (with Julius Lohmeyer; modified reprint 1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reviews in "Jahresberichte über das höhere Schulwesen", Berlin 1886 ff. (editor Conrad Rethwisch)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Thierstruwwelpeter", Breslau 1887 (with Julius Lohmeyer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Des Kindes Wunderhorn", Breslau 1889

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Struwwelpeter der Jüngere", Stuttgart 1891 (with Johannes Trojan; English edition: "Struwwelpeter junior")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eine Tierschule in Bildern", Breslau 1891 (with Victor Blüthgen; modified reprint 1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wie die Tiere Soldaten werden wollten", Leipzig 1892 (with Georg Bötticher; modified reprint 1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Tanz", Leipzig 1893

paragraph: BULLET::::- Contribution to Juliana Horatia Ewing, "Verses for Children and Songs for Music", London 1895

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions (Selection).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003/2004 Troisdorf, Bilderbuchmuseum

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 Dresden, Museum für Sächsische Volkskunst

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 Reichenbach im Vogtland, Neuberin-Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004/2005 Bad Pyrmont, Museum im Schloss

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 Bad Salzuflen, Stadt- & Bädermuseum

paragraph: Section::::Secondary literature (Selection).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Enciclopedia Universal Ilutrada Europeo-Americana", Tomo XXIV, Madrid 1924, 83

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fedor Bochow, Volker Ladenthin, Maria Linsmann: "Kinder, Katzen, Kunst. Der Bilderbuchkünstler Fedor Alexis Flinzer (1832–1911)." Burg Wissem – Bilderbuchmuseum, Troisdorf 2003,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fedor Bochow: "Flinzer, Fedor Alexis", in: "Saur Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon. Die Bildenden Künstler aller Zeiten und Völker", Bd. 41, München/Leipzig 2004, 254–256

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fedor Bochow: "Flinzer, Fedor", in: "Sächsische Biografie. Herausgegeben vom Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde", bearb. von Martina Schattkowsky

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fedor Flinzer Bilderbuchwelt

paragraph: BULLET::::- Objects by Fedor Flinzer in OPAL (Online-Portal digitalisierter Kulturgüter in Niedersachsen)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of German painters

description: German author, educator, and illustrator

wikidata_label: Fedor Flinzer

wikipedia_title: Fedor Flinzer


text:
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Juicy J
Joey Badass
Smoke DZA
Alex Wiley
Carson, California
Top Dawg Entertainment
Cilvia Demo
extended play
music critic
"Billboard" 200
XXL
The Sun's Tirade
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Too $hort
Scarface
OutKast
ATLiens
rapping
Middle Tennessee State University
Rolling Stone
A&R
Juicy J
Joey Badass
Smoke DZA
MF Doom
Flying Lotus
Digi+Phonics
Carson, California
Top Dawg Entertainment
Kendrick Lamar
ScHoolboy Q
Ab-Soul
Jay Rock
Twitter
Los Angeles
2013 BET Hip Hop Awards
XXL
Entertainment Weekly
SoundCloud
"Revolt"
HipHopDX
Complex
extended play
CD
"Billboard" 200
ScHoolboy Q
Oxymoron
XXL
Chance the Rapper
Ty Dolla $ign
Rich Homie Quan
Vic Mensa
August Alsina
Troy Ave
Kevin Gates
Lil Bibby
Jon Connor
Lil Durk
Jarren Benton
Pitchfork Music Festival
The Sun's Tirade
instagram live
video
Kenny Beats
depression
drug addiction
family
Complex
Cilvia Demo
concept album
The Sun's Tirade
Jay-Z
Nas
Snoop Dogg
OutKast
No Limit Records
Cash Money Records
Erykah Badu
The Fugees
KRS-One
Dead Prez
Kanye West
Little Brother
Three 6 Mafia
8Ball & MJG
UGK
R. Kelly
Bootsy Collins
George Clinton
James Brown
The Temptations
Smokey Robinson
Gorillaz
Danger Mouse
Big Boi
Scarface
Jay-Z
Gnarls Barkley
T.I.
Lil Wayne
Xanax
alcohol
depression
anxiety
isolation
Top Dawg Entertainment
Vice
Cilvia Demo
The Sun's Tirade

categories: Songwriters from Tennessee,21st-century American rappers,African-American male rappers,African-American songwriters,Rappers from Tennessee,Top Dawg Entertainment artists,1991 births,Musicians from Tennessee,Living people,Southern hip hop musicians

paragraph: Isaiah Rashad

paragraph: Isaiah Rashad McClain (born May 16, 1991) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer from Chattanooga, Tennessee. Rashad began taking rapping seriously in the tenth grade, where he and his friends would record on laptops. He spent the next few years recording at local recording studios. His first big break would be touring with rappers Juicy J, Joey Badass and Smoke DZA among others, on the 2012 Smoker's Club Tour. He is also a founding member of the Chattanooga hip hop collective The House along with fellow Chattanooga rapper TUT and a member of the Chicago hip hop collective The Village along with artist Kembe X, Alex Wiley and more.

paragraph: In March 2013, Rashad signed to the Carson, California-based independent record label Top Dawg Entertainment. On January 28, 2014, he released "Cilvia Demo", his first extended play, via digital distribution. "Cilvia Demo" was met with widespread acclaim from music critics and debuted at number 40 on the US "Billboard" 200. Off the buzz from the release of the EP, Rashad was named to the 2014 "XXL" freshman class. On September 2, 2016, he released his debut studio album, "The Sun's Tirade", to further acclaim. The album peaked at number 17 on the "Billboard" 200.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Isaiah Rashad McClain was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee. He was raised primarily by his mother, who is a hairdresser. When he was young, Rashad's father would let him stay up late while they listened to Too $hort and Scarface. Then one day when Rashad was three, his father left. Rashad briefly had ambitions of becoming a preacher, until his stepbrother lent him a copy of OutKast's "ATLiens" in junior high, and his mindset shifted. Shortly after, Rashad started spending most of his time rapping.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:2009–2012: Beginnings.

paragraph: Rashad first began rapping seriously in tenth grade, while he and his friends would record on laptops. After high school, he went to Middle Tennessee State University. Then his friend who went to school for music production introduced Rashad to a friend who had a recording studio. As it turned out, the man happened to be his cousin and he let Rashad record there for free. Once his cousin moved on to a different job, Rashad bounced around a couple of local studios. He stopped going to school and lived wherever he could record.

paragraph: He began getting industry connects, forging relationships with DJ Z from DJBooth.net and Jeff Weiss who writes for "Rolling Stone". From that his music begun getting passed around to various A&R's. From July 13 to August 23, 2012, Isaiah Rashad toured with Juicy J, Joey Badass and Smoke DZA among others, on the 2012 Smoker's Club Tour. In December 2012, Rashad begun getting attention from various record labels, most of which he showed no interest in. He also released many free singles on Soundcloud teaming up with well known producers such as MF Doom and Flying Lotus, which also helped increase his reputation.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:2013-2014: Label signing and "Cilvia Demo".

paragraph: In March 2013, Rashad met production team Digi+Phonics' Dave Free, who then introduced him to Anthony Tiffith, the CEO of Carson, California-based independent record label Top Dawg Entertainment (TDE). On June 3, 2013, it was reported that Rashad was the recent buzz about signing to Top Dawg Entertainment, home to rappers such as Kendrick Lamar, ScHoolboy Q, Ab-Soul and Jay Rock. However, the label did not release an official statement. Over the following months the label and Rashad remained coy about the signing, not confirming anything.

paragraph: Then on September 20, 2013, Top Dawg Entertainment made the signing official with Top Dawg announcing it over Twitter. However, he revealed he had been signed to the label since March. Following the signing, Rashad moved to Los Angeles, California and began living and recording at the TDE Red Room Studio. To celebrate the signing announcement, a music video for a new song titled "Shot You Down" was released. It was his first new song released in over a year. The video had been recently shot in his hometown of Chattanooga, Tennessee. On October 1, 2013, a video was released of Rashad signing his contract with TDE.

paragraph: On October 15, 2013, Isaiah Rashad made his national television debut when he participated in the TDE Cypher during the 2013 BET Hip Hop Awards, alongside his label-mates Kendrick Lamar, Ab-Soul, ScHoolboy Q and Jay Rock. "XXL" praised the verse as strong, even through the high pressure Rashad had to impress the masses. "Entertainment Weekly" also praised his verse during the cypher. On October 18, 2013, the remix to "Shot You Down" featuring ScHoolboy Q and Jay Rock was released via SoundCloud. On November 7, 2013, Rashad told "Revolt" that he would be releasing his very first official project "Cilvia" during December 2013. Closing out 2013, HipHopDX named Rashad a runner-up for their award for "Rising Star of the Year". In early January 2014, "Complex" named him one of the new rappers most likely to "blow up" during 2014. In mid-January 2014, Rashad revealed that the mixtape "Cilvia" would now be his debut extended play (EP) and would not contain many featured artists. On January 17, CEO Top Dawg revealed the cover artwork for the EP and that "Cilvia Demo" would be released digitally on January 28, 2014. It revealed features from TDE's SZA and Jay Rock and ScHoolboy Q on the remix of "Shot You Down". The day before the EP's release, Rashad released the music video for the "Cilvia Demo" song, "Soliloquy".

paragraph: As promised, "Cilvia Demo" was released on January 28, 2014 via digital download retailers and was made available in CD format exclusively from Top Dawg Entertainment's website. "Cilvia Demo" received widespread acclaim upon its release and debuted at number 40 on the US "Billboard" 200 chart, selling 8,500 copies in the United States during its first week of release.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:2014–2016: "The Sun's Tirade" and further recognition.

paragraph: From March 1 to June 1, 2014, Rashad toured with ScHoolboy Q for the entirety of his international tour supporting his third studio album "Oxymoron". On May 5, 2014, "XXL" revealed Rashad was included in their annual freshman class, alongside fellow up-and-comers Chance the Rapper, Ty Dolla $ign, Rich Homie Quan, Vic Mensa, August Alsina, Troy Ave, Kevin Gates, Lil Bibby, Jon Connor, Lil Durk and Jarren Benton. On July 18, 2014, Rashad performed at the Pitchfork Music Festival. The following year, it was announced that Rashad will be included in a docu-series by Sprite, which will support the brand's "Obey Your Verse" Lyrical Collection.

paragraph: On August 30, 2015, Rashad tweeted that he had completed and turned in his anticipated follow-up project to "Cilvia Demo", and that it would be released soon. On September 20, 2015, Anthony "Top Dawg" Tiffith stated that new material from Rashad would arrive by the end of 2015. On September 23, 2015, Rashad released a new single entitled "Nelly", to critical acclaim. It was later confirmed by Rashad through a deleted tweet, that his upcoming follow-up project would be his debut studio album. On January 14, 2016, the album's second single, "Smile", was released on the internet to positive reception.

paragraph: In August 2016, he released the single "Free Lunch" to wide acclaim, and later confirmed his debut studio album's release date. After releasing two new tracks, "I Mean" and "Park", Rashad released his debut studio album, titled "The Sun's Tirade", on September 2, 2016, to widespread critical acclaim. The album debuted at number 17 on the US "Billboard" 200, selling 19,000 copies its first week.

paragraph: On October 24, 2016, Rashad announced his first U.S. headlining tour, the "Lil Sunny Tour", via Twitter, stopping in 22 cities and set to begin in January 2017. In response to several sold out shows, Rashad announced that his tour would extend into 24 additional cities, as well as adding second shows in Chicago, Boston and New York.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:2017–present: "The House Is Burning".

paragraph: On October 23, 2017, Rashad issued several tweets hinting at a new album coming soon. The album, which would be the second studio album and third full length project coming from Rashad and TDE, would follow successful releases by fellow TDE artists SZA and Kendrick Lamar when released to the public.

paragraph: In May 2019, Rashad played snippets of various unreleased tracks. Then during an instagram live video on June 20, 2019, he played a new snippet of a song produced by Kenny Beats, and announced the title of his upcoming studio album to be "The House Is Burning".

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.

paragraph: Rashad's music is characterized by its woozy, often nostalgic tone and conscious lyrics that touch on topics of depression, drug addiction, and family. Jason Moore of "Complex" discussed him saying, "Rashad spits thoughtfully, intelligently, and with precision, morphing his delivery to fit different production styles and making each line count." Rashad's debut EP "Cilvia Demo" is a concept album, which according to Rashad, sums up his adolescent life and mindset in a short period of time, while his album "The Sun's Tirade" details his experiences in overcoming drug addiction and depression.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.:Influences.

paragraph: Growing up and to this day Rashad says he listens or listened to Jay-Z, Nas, Snoop Dogg, OutKast, No Limit Records, Cash Money Records, Erykah Badu, The Fugees, KRS-One, Dead Prez, Kanye West, Little Brother, Three 6 Mafia, 8Ball & MJG, UGK, R. Kelly, Bootsy Collins, George Clinton, James Brown, The Temptations, Smokey Robinson, Gorillaz and Danger Mouse. Moreover, he credits OutKast, namely Big Boi, Scarface, and Jay-Z for being the biggest influences to his music. Then in a later interview with "XXL" he said his main influences are also OutKast, Erykah Badu, Gnarls Barkley, ScHoolboy Q, T.I. and Lil Wayne.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Rashad has a son and a daughter. Upon signing to Top Dawg Entertainment he got a tattoo to commemorate the partnership."

paragraph: During promotion of "The Sun's Tirade", Rashad revealed that he was addicted to Xanax and alcohol, and was suffering from depression, anxiety and isolation during the time between the release of "Cilvia Demo" and "The Sun's Tirade". He further stated that he "fucked up", and almost got dropped from Top Dawg Entertainment a total of three times during the recording of his album.

paragraph: In an interview with "Vice", Rashad revealed that at 19 he had suicidal tendencies and attempted suicide a few times however he "chickened out", saying that it was just one of the many adventurous moments in his life.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cilvia Demo" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sun's Tirade" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The House Is Burning" (2019)

description: American rapper, singer and songwriter from Tennessee

wikidata_label: Isaiah Rashad

wikipedia_title: Isaiah Rashad


href: ajaw Maya%20civilization Palenque

text: ajaw Maya Palenque

categories: Rulers of Palenque,8th-century monarchs in North America,Year of death unknown

paragraph: Janaab Pakal III

paragraph: Janaab Pakal III, also known as 6 Cimi Pakal, (fl. c.799), was an "ajaw" of the Maya city of Palenque. He acceded to the throne in November, 799. He was probably last ruler of Palenque and his glyph name comes from blackware vase found in the residential quarter of city.

description: Mexican sovereign

wikidata_label: Wak Kimi Janaab' Pakal

wikipedia_title: Janaab Pakal III


text:
ajaw
Maya
Palenque
Kʼinich Ahkal Moʼ Nahb III

paragraph: Kʼinich Kʼukʼ Bahlam II

paragraph: Kʼinich Kʼukʼ Bahlam II, also known as Bahlum Kʼukʼ II and Mahkʼina Kuk, (fl. c .764-783), was an "ajaw" of the Maya city of Palenque. He acceded to the throne on March 4, 764 and ruled until c. 783. He was a son of Kʼinich Ahkal Moʼ Nahb III and Lady Men Nik. Knowledge of him is limited to a few broken monuments: the Tablet of the 96 glyphs, the Creation Tablet, the House B Mural? and Bodega no. 218.

description: Ruler of Palenque

wikidata_label: K'inich K'uk' B'alam II

wikipedia_title: Kʼinich Kʼukʼ Bahlam II


text: ajaw Maya Palenque Pomona

categories: Rulers of Palenque,8th-century monarchs in North America

paragraph: Kʼinich Kan Bahlam III

paragraph: Kʼinich Kan Bahlam III, (fl. c.751), was an "ajaw" of the Maya city of Palenque. He ruled c.751. Ruler is not mentioned in any monument at Palenque but only one text at Pomona, that suggest his reign was short or troubled.

wikidata_label: K'inich Kan Bahlam III

wikipedia_title: Kʼinich Kan Bahlam III


text:
bandeirante
Brazil
Fernão Dias Pais
Sabará
Paraopeba

categories: Brazilian explorers,1649 births,1718 deaths

paragraph: Borba Gato

paragraph: Manuel de Borba Gato (1649–1718) was a bandeirante (settler) in Brazil. He began his career with his father-in-law Fernão Dias Pais. When he died in 1718 he held the office of "Juiz ordinário" of the town of Sabará. It is not known where he is buried, perhaps in the "Capela de Santo Antônio" or the "Capela de Santana" in the old town of Sabará, or even, according to various writers, in Paraopeba where he had an estate. Beyond being a discoveror of mines, he was an effective administrator at the end of his life.

wikidata_label: Borba Gato

wikipedia_title: Borba Gato


text:
alpine ski racer
Downhill
Super-G
Bormio
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Beaver Creek
Mattia Casse

categories: People from Moncalieri,1990 births,Living people,Italian male alpine skiers

paragraph: Mattia Casse

paragraph: Mattia Casse (born 19 February 1990) is an Italian alpine ski racer. Casse specializes in the speed events of Downhill and Super-G.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Casse made his World Cup on 29 December 2009 in the Bormio downhill just missing out on the points in 31st. On 10 March 2010 he scored his first World Cup points in the Garmisch-Partenkirchen downhill finishing in 22nd position. He attained his first Top 10 World Cup result on 5 December 2015 in the Beaver Creek Super-G just missing out on the podium finishing in 4th place.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mattia Casse World Cup standings at the International Ski Federation

description: Italian alpine skier

wikidata_label: Mattia Casse

wikipedia_title: Mattia Casse


text: Cerić

text: Croatia

text: archbishop

text: Cerić

text: Vinkovci

text: Osijek

text: Đakovo

text: University of Osijek

text: Pontifical Gregorian University

text: University of Zagreb

text: Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek

text: Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek

text: Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek

text: Croatian Bishops' Conference

text: Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek

text: John Paul II

text: Đakovo Cathedral

text: Pope Francis

text: Archbishop of Đakovo-Osijek

text: Anti-Cyrillic protests

text: Vukovar

text: Battle of Vukovar

categories: 1961 births,Croatian theologians,Living people,Roman Catholic bishops in Croatia

paragraph: Đuro Hranić

paragraph: Đuro Hranić (born in Cerić, 20 March 1961) is a Croatian archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Đuro Hranić was born in a small village of Cerić near Vinkovci on March 20, 1961 to Stjepan and Eva Hranić. He finished primary school in Cerić, after which he attended first two classes of gymnasium in Osijek, and last two at the Diocesan Gymnasium of Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Đakovo (1975-1979). Hranić graduated in 1986 in philosophy and theology at the Đakovo Catholic Theological Faculty of the University of Osijek. He gained his doctorate in dogmatic theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University in 1993.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Đuro Hranić was ordained as a priest of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek on June 29, 1986. He served as parish vicar in Osijek (1986-1987), prefect of Đakovo seminary (1993-1996), professor of dogmatic theology at the Đakovo Catholic Theological Faculty (since 1993), assistant of laity students at the same Faculty (1993-1998), Deputy Head of Chair of Theology (since 1997), assistant professor at the Department of Dogmatic Theology at the Catholic Theological Faculty of the University of Zagreb for the needs of the regional studies in Đakovo (since 2000), Secretary General of the Second Synod of Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek (since 1998), member of the Presbyterian Council of Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek (since 1994), member of the Council of consultors of Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek (since 2000), member of the Episcopal Commission for Laity of the Croatian Bishops' Conference, and editor in chief of the diocesan monthly "Vjesnik of Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek" (since 1994).

paragraph: On July 5, 2001, Pope John Paul II appointed him to the position of Auxiliary bishop, and gave him title of Titular Bishop of Gaudiabe. He was ordained for the auxiliary bishop on September 22, 2001 in Đakovo Cathedral. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis appointed him to the position of the Archbishop of Đakovo-Osijek. On June 29, 2013, Hranić received the archbishop's pallium in Rome from the Pope Francis. He celebrated his first Mass as Archbishop on July 6, 2013 in Đakovo Cathedral. He is the first Croatian Archbishop appointed by Pope Francis.

paragraph: Section::::Reaction on 2013 Anti-Cyrillic protests.

paragraph: Archbishop Hranić was one of very few members of the clergy who explicitly opposed Anti-Cyrillic protests against the application of bilingualism in Vukovar that occurred in late 2013, calling for mutual respect and love. On November 18, 2013, on Vukovar Remembrance Day, which is held to commemorate victims from the Battle of Vukovar, archbishop Hranić stated in his homily:

paragraph: "This city was built on the sacrifice of love, and destructed by the cries of hatred. It is being re-born and re-built on the remains of the fallen human words and deeds. Therefore, the words, and with the words letters, have its past and its present in this city. Therefore, one plate contains two different histories; on one plate two different visions of the present; those are on one panel two different futures. There is only one Vukovar! However, there is place for everyone in this city. If it wasn't so, then the sacrifice that was taken by our deceased would be pointless. It's not just about letters and words, but also about the soul of Vukovar which is wounded. Devastated walls and facades can be repaired even by different political interests, or soul; it cannot be repaired by interest, but only by love. I call everyone to the conversion based on love which would deep within us uproot and destroy all that leads to thinking and acting against each other. It can all become moot: money, power, and books in which different truth about us is written, but love remains. She is the one that is, by the power of the Holy Spirit, the resurrection of The One who gave his life on Cross for friends and enemies: for the redemption of their lives! This Christian love is so great that there is enough of it for everyone in Croatia. It is the sole foundation of our future! With that love we thank those because of whom we continue to believe that it is worth it to live every day as brothers and sisters, as a big family and the community of believers. We want to leave from this place with a reinvigorated love. We do not want to just talk about it, dishonor it with cheap promises and hypocrisy, but we want to weave love in all aspects of our life, incorporate it in empathy - feel for each other, solidarity, integrity and honesty of our work, dedication and sincerity of our relations. Let it be recognized that Christ is the way that we want to follow and that His love is our basic platform on which we want to build a better and more humane world in which we experience the germination and growth of God's kingdom of truth, life, justice, love and peace."

wikidata_label: Đuro Hranić

wikipedia_title: Đuro Hranić


text:
Western United States
Walden, Vermont
Lowell, Massachusetts
Muscatine, Iowa
Muscatine, Iowa
National Bank Act
Kansas City, Missouri
Kansas
Chicago
Iowa
Democrat
Litchfield, Connecticut
Litchfield Female Academy
New York City

categories: 1844 births,American bank presidents,1918 deaths,19th-century American railroad executives,American railway entrepreneurs

paragraph: Frank Livingston Underwood

paragraph: Frank Livingston Underwood (July 26, 1844 - March 17, 1918) was a US banker and copper magnate who built several Western United States railroads which afterward became parts of larger systems.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Underwood was born in Walden, Vermont, July 26, 1844, the son of John and Susan (Livingston) Underwood. He was educated in public schools of Lowell, Massachusetts. He married in Muscatine, Iowa on June 30, 1866, Theodosia I. Hawley. Their children were Grace, Pearl, and Blanche. W

paragraph: From Lowell, Underwood moved to Muscatine, Iowa, in 1861. He was a teller in the Muscatine Branch of State Bank of Iowa in 1863, and when this was reorganized under the National Bank Act and became the Muscatine National Bank, he was made cashier.

paragraph: Underwood organized and was president of the Merchants' National Bank of Kansas City, Missouri, from 1879 until he left the West. He built in 1872 the Muscatine Western Railroad (later, part of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern Railroad); organized 1882, Cuhaba Coal & Mining Company (later, part of tho Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company), and built its railway in 1884. He organized 1882, the Arizona Copper Company, and was its first president. He built the Arizona & New Mexico Railroad, 1882, and was its first president. He built in 1886 the Saline, Lincoln & Western Railroad (later part of Union Pacific System, in Kansas). He was one of organizers of the Kansas City Smelting & Refining Company in 1880. He organized in 1882, and was the first president of the Arkansas Valley Smelting Company. He built the Lake Street Elevated Railroad in Chicago in 1893-94, and sold same to Charles T. Yerkes. Underwood built the Arizona-Utah Railroad, 1898, and was its first president. He procured options for and was the promoter of American Smelting & Refining Company, 1898. He was elected president of the British Columbia Copper Company, Ltd, 1902.

paragraph: While living in Iowa, he was agent for the investment of money in the West of capitalists in New England, New York, England and Scotland, and much of the activity was in the promotion of their interests. Underwood was a Democrat. He was a member of the Congregationalism Mem Missouri Society, Iowa Society, New England Society, Chamber of Commerce. He was Chairman of the Committee on Civil Service Reform and chairman of the Library Commission; he belonged to the Reform Club. His summer residence was in Livingwood, Litchfield, Connecticut, the site formerly being known as the Litchfield Female Academy. His permanent address was at 115 Broadway, New York City. He died in 1918 at Post-Graduate Hospital.

wikidata_label: Frank Livingston Underwood

wikipedia_title: Frank Livingston Underwood


text:
Turkey
1960 Summer Olympics

categories: Sportspeople from Ankara,1935 births,Olympic wrestlers of Turkey,Wrestlers at the 1960 Summer Olympics,Turkish male sport wrestlers,Living people

paragraph: Tan Tarı

paragraph: Tan Tarı (born 1935) is a retired heavyweight Greco-Roman wrestler from Turkey. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and finished ninth.

wikidata_label: Tan Tarı

wikipedia_title: Tan Tarı


text: Sha‘bān

text: AH

text: Muharram

text: Imam Ali

text: Imam

text: Shia Muslims

text: Caliph

text: Sunni Muslims

text: Fatima bint Hizam

text: Alamdar

text: Shia Muslims

text: Sunni Muslims

text: Husain

text: Household of Muhammad

text: Battle of Karbala

text: Shrine of Abbas

text: Karbala

text: Karbala Governorate

text: Iraq

text: day of Ashura

text: Ibn Manzur

text: Medina

text: Ali ibn Abi Talib

text: Ummul Banin

text: Abdullah ibn Ali

text: Battle of Siffin

text: Muawiyah I

text: Syria

text: Hashimites

text: Battle of Karbala

text: Muawiya I

text: Yazid I

text: Yazid

text: Islam

text: Hassan

text: pact

text: Ahl al-Bayt

text: Ubayd Allah

text: Kufa

text: Iraq

text: Muslim ibn Aqeel

text: AH

text: Medina

text: Mecca

text: Muslim

text: Karbala

text: Muharram

text: Euphrates

text: Euphrates

text: Yazid I

text: Sakinah

text: Shiite Muslims

text: Shiites

text: Battle of Karbala

text: Iraq

text: Shrine of Abbas

text: Bektashi community

text: Mount Tomorr

text: Karbala

text: Lubaba

text: Ali (son of Hussein)

text: Ali ibn Abu Talib

text: Pakistan

text: Awan

text: Qutab Shah

text: Egypt

text: Baghdad

text: Mecca

text: Medina

text: Ilm ur-Rijal

text: Ilm ul-Hadith

text: Abdul Muttalib

text: Shia Islam

text: Ali bin Abi Talib

text: Qutb Shah

text: Sakina(Fatema Kubra)

text: Bibi Pak Daman

text: AL-ABBAS

text: Sacrifice and Courage of Hadrat Abbas

text: HAZRAT ABBAS IBN ALI

text: Personality of Hadrat Abbas

categories: Family of Muhammad,Deaths by blade weapons,People of the Second Fitna,Banu Hashim,680 deaths,647 births,Muslim martyrs,Tabi‘un,People killed at the Battle of Karbala,Tabi‘un favored by Shias,Ali

paragraph: Abbas ibn Ali

paragraph: Al-Abbas ibn Ali (), also known as Qamar Banī Hāshim (Arabic: قمر بني هاشم) (the moon of Banu Hashim) (born 4th Sha‘bān 26 AH – 10 Muharram 61 AH; approximately May 15, 647 – October 10, 680), was a son of Imam Ali (who was the first Imam of Shia Muslims and the fourth Caliph of Sunni Muslims), and Fatima bint Hizam, commonly known as "Mother of the Sons" ().

paragraph: Abbas, also known as Abbas Alamdar, is highly revered by Shia Muslims and Sunni Muslims for his loyalty to his half-brother Husain, his respect for the Household of Muhammad, and his role in the Battle of Karbala. Abbas is buried in the Shrine of Abbas in Karbala, Karbala Governorate, Iraq, where he was martyred during the Battle of Karbala on the day of Ashura. He was praised for his "handsome looks" and was also well known in the Arab community for his courage, bravery, strength and ferocity as a warrior. Ibn Manzur narrates in his al-Ayn that Al-Abbas was the "lion that other lions feared" as a testament to his accolades as a warrior. Sheikh at-Turaihi describes Abbas's appearance as resembling an unshakable mountain, with his heart firmly rooted, due to his qualities as a "unique horseman" and a "fearless hero".

paragraph: Section::::Birth and early life.

paragraph: Abbas was born in the month of Sha'ban in the year 26 AH (approximately May 647 CE) in the city of Medina to Ali ibn Abi Talib and Ummul Banin. Abbas had three full brothers – Abdullah ibn Ali, Jafar ibn Ali, and Usman ibn Ali. Abbas married a distant cousin, Lubaba. They had three sons – Fadl ibn Abbas, Mohammad ibn Abbas, and Ubaydullah ibn Abbas. His mother would recite famous lines of poetry in supplication to ward off the evil of those who envied him.

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Siffin.

paragraph: Abbas debuted as a soldier in the Battle of Siffin, one of the main conflicts of the struggle between Abbas's father Ali and Muawiyah I, the governor of Syria, in 657 CE. Wearing the clothes of his father, who was known to be a great warrior, Abbas killed many enemy soldiers. Muawiya's forces actually mistook him for Ali. Therefore, when Ali himself appeared on the battlefield, Muawiya's soldiers were astonished to see him and confused about the identity of the other soldier. Ali then introduced Abbas by saying:

paragraph: He is Abbas, the moon of the Hashimites.

paragraph: Abbas was trained by his father in the art of battle, which may be one reason he resembled his father on the battlefield. When describing his fighting on the battlefield, many historians have likened him to an angry lion because of his courage, fearlessness, and strength as an attacker.

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Karbala.

paragraph: Abbas showed his loyalty to Hussein at the Battle of Karbala. After succeeding his father Muawiya I as caliph, Yazid I demanded that Hussein pledge allegiance to him, but Hussein refused, saying:

paragraph: Yazid is a person who kills people without cause, and an individual like me doesn't pledge allegiance to someone like him...

paragraph: As these behaviors were (and still are) prohibited in Islam, if Hussein had pledged allegiance to Yazid, his act would have ruined the basics of Islam. Hussein's elder brother Hassan had made a pact, that they (i.e. Ahl al-Bayt) would be responsible for religious (i.e., Islamic) decisions and would not interfere in other matters. Hussein wanted to do what had been agreed upon, but Yazid I wanted to take total control of diverse affairs. With the help of Ubayd Allah, Yazid I conspired to kill Hussein by sending a letter to him in the name of people of Kufa (Iraq), inviting him to come to Kufa and guide them on the right path, an invitation that was accepted by Hussein; though most historians state that the letters were actually sent by the people of Kufa who later betrayed him when the body of Muslim ibn Aqeel (Hussein's messenger to Kufa) was thrown from a building in the center of Kufa by Yazid's army while the people of Kufa stood silent. In 60 AH (680 AD), Hussein left Medina for Mecca with a small group of companions and family members to travel to Kufa. He sent his cousin, Muslim, on ahead to make his decision after the advice of his cousin. But, by the time Hussein arrived near Kufa, his cousin had been killed.

paragraph: On the way of Kufa, Hussein and his group were intercepted. They were forced into a detour and arrived in Karbala on the 2nd of Muharram, 61 AH. Hussein's camp was surrounded and cut off from the Euphrates river. The camp ran out of water on the 7th of Muharram.

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Karbala.:Martyrdom.

paragraph: Apart of being the "standard bearer" of Hussain ibn ali's army, Abbas was asked by Hussain to provide some water for the thirsty lip children. The Euphrates river was occupied by Yazid I's army to prevent the camp of Hussein from getting water. Because of his skill and bravery, Abbas could have attacked Yazid I's army, occupied the river, and retrieved water for the camp alone. However, Abbas was only allowed to be defensive because his brother Hussain didn't want him to fight. He was only allowed to get water (although there are also narrations which mention that he participated in battle, too). Eventually, Abbas went to the river to get water for the children in Hussein's camp. Sakinah was very attached to Abbas, who was her uncle. To her, Abbas was their only hope for getting water. Abbas could not stand to see her thirsty and crying, "Thy thirst!". When Abbas entered the battlefield, he only had a spear, and a bag for water in his hands. He was also given the authority to hold the standard in the battle and Hussain gave the standard to him who was the bravest one; therefore he came to be known as Abbas Alamdar. Once he had made it to the river, he started filling the bag with water. Abbas's loyalty to Hussein was so great that, although he was very thirsty, Abbas drank no water because he could not bear the thought that Sakinah was thirsty. This story illustrates how Abbas conquered the Euphrates river, held it with his mighty hands, yet still did not drink. After gathering the water, Abbas rode back towards the camp. On his way back, he was struck from behind, and one of his arms was amputated. Then he was struck from behind again; the attack amputated his other arm. Abbas continued, carrying the water-bag in his mouth. Yazid's soldiers started shooting arrows at him. One arrow hit the bag, and water poured out of it. Immediately after the bag of water was hit, the enemy shot an arrow at Abbas that hit his eye. One of Yazid's men hit Abbas' head with a mace, and, lacking the support of his arms, Abbas fell off his horse. As he was falling, he called, "Oh brother!", [calling for Hussein]. Abbas fell on his face before he let the standard fall.

paragraph: He was martyred on Friday, the 10th of Muharram, 61 AH, near the bank of the river Euphrates. Hence, he is called the "Hero of the Euphrates." His death is generally commemorated by the Shiite Muslims on the eighth night of Muharram. Muslims, particularly Shiites, mourn the death of all the martyrs who fell at the Battle of Karbala with Hussein in the Islamic month of Muharram, mainly in the first ten days of the month. Fadl ibn Abbas and Qasim ibn Abbas also laid down their lives in Karbala. Ubaydullah ibn Abbas lived to continue the lineage of Abbas with five sons of his own.

paragraph: Abbas was buried at the spot where he fell from his horse in Karbala, Iraq. The Shrine of Abbas was built around his grave, at which millions of pilgrims pay homage every year. The Albanian Bektashi community also maintain a shrine to Abbas on the summit of Mount Tomorr, where an annual pilgrimage is held every August.

paragraph: Section::::Descendants.

paragraph: Abbas ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib had 5 sons, namely: Ubaidullah, Fadhl, Hassan, Qasim and Mohammad; and also 2 daughters. Ibn Shahrashub, the prominent historian, recorded that: "Muhammad ibn Abbas was martyred in Karbala with his father." The mother of Ubaidullah and Fadhl was Lubaba. Genealogists have agreed unanimously that the progeny of Al-Abbas came from his son Ubaidullah. Sheikh al-Futouni, however, mentioned that Hassan ibn Abbas also had sons and descendants. Ubaidullah ibn Abbas, who died in 155 AH, was a celebrated scholar known for his handsomeness, perfect morality, and fine personality. He had three wives.

paragraph: Ali (son of Hussein), had great respect for his uncle Abbas. He often wept when his eyes fell on Ubaidullah, explaining that he reminded him of his father's heroic and tragic exploit on that day in Karbala.

paragraph: Al-Hassan, son of Ubaidullah, lived to age 67 and had five sons – Fadhl, Hamza, Ibrahim, Abbas, and Ubaidullah, all of whom became honorable, virtuous authors.

paragraph: Al-Fadhl was such an eloquent, religious, and courageous personality that even caliphs respected him. He was named 'Ibn al-Hashimiyya – son of the Hashemite woman . He had three sons – Ja'far, al-Abbas al-Akbar, and Mohammad.

paragraph: Abu'l-Abbas al-Fadhl ibn Mohammed ibn al-Fadhl ibn al-Hasan ibn Ubaidullah ibn al-Abbas who was a famous orator/poet, composed several poetic verses eulogizing his ancestor, Abbas ibn Ali.

paragraph: Hamza ibn al-Hasan ibn Ubaidullah was from Abbas's descendants, and was like "Ali ibn Abu Talib" who was his ancestor. A Pakistani tribe namely Awan are descendants of Qutab Shah.

paragraph: Ibrahim Jardaqa (Arabic: ابراهیم جردقة) was another descendant of Abbas ibn Ali. Jardaqa was a jurist and litterateur; he was well-known for his ascetics (piety), too. Abdullah ibn Ali ibn Ibrahim (Arabic: عبدالله بن علي بن ابراهیم) wrote several books, consisting one titled al-Ja'fariyya. He died in Egypt in AH 312. Al-Abbas ibn al-Hasan ibn Ubaidullah ibn al-Abbas was a well-known celebrity among the Hashemites; he visited Baghdad at the time of Harun ar-Rashid reign. He was also among the most celebrated poets.

paragraph: Abu't-Tayyib Mohammad ibn Hamza (Arabic: ابوطیب محمد بن حمزه) was also one of Abbas descendants who had a good personality. He was likewise well-known for his regard for his relatives and likewise his virtue. Abu-Tayyib had properties in Jordan where he was killed in 291 AH . His descendants were called "sons of the martyr". Abdullah ibn al-Abbas, another son of Abbas ibn Ali whose name has been mentioned among the "martyrs of Karbala", He was famous for his virtue/celebrity, too. The Abbasid caliph al-Ma'moun mentioned about him that: "All people are the same after your departure, son of al-Abbas!".

paragraph: Ubaidullah ibn al-Hasan whose ancestor is reached to Abbas, was the governor/qadi of Mecca and Medina during the reign of al-Ma'moun. Abu-Ya'la al-Hamza ibn al-Qasim ibn Ali ibn Hamza ibn al-Hasan ibn Ubaidullah ibn al-Abbas ibn Ali, as another descendant of Abbas was one of the most celebrated men of knowledge. He was great hadithist who instructed many famed scholars and wrote many books, such as "Kitab ut-Tawhid", "Kitab uz-Ziyaraatu wel-Menasik", and many others in different fields of knowledge, particularly in Ilm ur-Rijal and Ilm ul-Hadith. Many scholars described him with remarkable words of praise. In a village called al-Hamza in al-Jazira, central Iraq, between the Euphrates and the Tigris, 102 is a handsome shrine built over the tomb of al-Hamza that continues to be visited by many people.

paragraph: Section::::Titles.

paragraph: Abbas is known as Abu al-Fazl (ابوالفضل), meaning the father of heavenly graces and/or the father of the graceful manner. Abbas was the king of chivalry and the most loyal companion to his half brother Hussain. Abbas ibn Ali is also known as-Qamar Banu Hashim, meaning the moon of the Hashim clan.

paragraph: He is also known as Ghazi; Ghazi (غازی), meaning "soldier who returns successfully from the battle". Although Abbas was killed at Karbala, he is known as because, when he carried out the first strike against Yazid's army, his mission was to rescue the horse which was seized by Shimr during the battle of Siffin. This horse belonged to his other brother Hasan ibn Ali. Abbas retained control over the horse and presented it to Husayn.

paragraph: Section::::Horse of Abbas.

paragraph: Abbas was given a horse named "Uqab" (Eagle). Shia sources say that this horse was used by Muhammad and Ali and that this horse was presented to Muhammad by the King of Yemen, Saif ibn Zee Yazni, through Abdul Muttalib. The king considered the horse to be very important, and its superiority over other horses was evident by the fact that its genealogical tree was also maintained. It was initially named "Murtajiz", which comes from the Arabic name "Rijiz" meaning thunder (lightning).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shia Islam

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ali bin Abi Talib

paragraph: BULLET::::- Qutb Shah

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sakina(Fatema Kubra)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibi Pak Daman

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- AL-ABBAS By Abu Talib At-tabrizi, Translated by Abdullah Al-Shahin, Edited by Ahmed Haneef

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sacrifice and Courage of Hadrat Abbas

paragraph: BULLET::::- HAZRAT ABBAS IBN ALI

paragraph: BULLET::::- Personality of Hadrat Abbas

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hazrat Abbas's Grave stone in his Holy Shrine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cellar (basement) of Hazrat Abbas 's Shrine

description: Son of Imam Ali and Fatima, Hero of Battle of Siffin and Battle of Karbala

wikidata_label: Abbas ibn Ali

wikipedia_title: Abbas ibn Ali


text: Wehrmacht

text: Nazi Germany

text: World War II

text: Rhodes scholar

text: World War I

text: Reichswehr

text: Battle of France

text: 17th Panzer Division

text: Battle of Sicily

text: Alfredo Guzzoni

text: Hans-Valentin Hube

text: Sardinia

text: Corsica

text: XIV Panzer Corps

text: Battle of Monte Cassino

text: Gustav Line

text: Monte Cassino

text: Lilo Milchsack

text: Second World War

text: Hans von Herwath

text: Richard von Weizsäcker

text: Dennis Healey

text: Richard Crossman

text: Robin Day

text: Himmerod memorandum

text: Wiederbewaffnung

text: B. H. Liddell Hart

text: Michael Howard

text: Bundeswehr

text: Ferdinand Maria von Senger und Etterlin

text: German Cross

text: Generalleutnant

text: Generalmajor

text: General der Panzertruppe

categories: Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves,German untitled nobility,1963 deaths,German male non-fiction writers,Generals of Panzer Troops,German military writers,1891 births,Himmerod meeting participants,German Rhodes Scholars,Recipients of the Gold German Cross,Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class,People from the Kingdom of Württemberg,German military personnel of World War I

paragraph: Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin

paragraph: Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin (4 September 1891 – 9 January 1963) was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Fridolin Rudolph von Senger und Etterlin was born on 4 September 1891, in Waldshut near the Swiss border. In 1912, he became a Rhodes scholar at Oxford and acquired fluency in French and English. World War I interrupted his education in August 1914, and he was commissioned a lieutenant in the reserves. Senger remained in the postwar Reichswehr as a cavalry officer. Senger studied for two years at the Cavalry School in Hannover, spent four years with the cavalry inspectorate in Berlin, and by 1938 was promoted Colonel.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:World War II.

paragraph: Senger took part in the Battle of France in 1940. In October 1942 he was given command of the 17th Panzer Division in Southern Russia. In June 1943, during the Battle of Sicily he was German Liaison Officer to the Italian 6th Army (General Alfredo Guzzoni), and commanded the German units on the island until 17 July 1943 when General Hans-Valentin Hube assumed control of all Axis troops on the island. In August 1943, Senger took command of the German forces on the islands of Sardinia and Corsica. He conducted the evacuation when the German positions became untenable. On 8 October 1943 he received the command of the XIV Panzer Corps in Italy.

paragraph: During the Battle of Monte Cassino, Senger fought at the Gustav Line, which included Monte Cassino. The German position was only broken by the Allies in May 1944.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later life.

paragraph: After the war he wrote his memoirs, entitled "Neither Fear nor Hope" (which were translated into English), and he continued to write on military matters and theory. He was invited to the Königswinter conferences by Lilo Milchsack. These annual conferences helped to heal the bad memories after the end of the Second World War. At the conference he worked with the politician Hans von Herwath, future German President Richard von Weizsäcker and other leading German decision makers as well as British politicians like Dennis Healey, Richard Crossman and the journalist Robin Day.

paragraph: In 1950, Senger was one of the authors of the Himmerod memorandum which addressed the issue of rearmament ("Wiederbewaffnung") of the Federal Republic of Germany after World War II. Senger was introduced by B. H. Liddell Hart to the military historian Michael Howard. Howard, who had fought in Italy during the war, recalls him saying, "May I give you a word of advice? Next time you invade Italy, do not start at the bottom." He was the father of Bundeswehr General and military author Ferdinand Maria von Senger und Etterlin (1923–1987).

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- German Cross in Gold on 11 October 1943 as "Generalleutnant" and commander of the German Wehrmacht on Corsica

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight's Cross on 8 February 1943 as "Generalmajor" and commander of the 17. Panzer-Division

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oak Leaves on 5 April 1944 as "General der Panzertruppe" and commanding general XIV. Panzerkorps

description: German general

wikidata_label: Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin

wikipedia_title: Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin