text: Norwegian

text: University of Oslo

text: Beriberi

text: Scurvy

text: Christiania

text: Clara Holst

text: Frederik Holst

text: Christiania Cathedral School

text: Royal Frederick University

text: cand.med.

text: streptococcus

text: Kiel

text: Berlin

text: Munich

text: Paris

text: Theodor Frølich

text: antiscorbutic

text: Uppsala University

text: University of Kiel

text: Copenhagen University

text: Axel Holst - biography

categories: Norwegian bacteriologists,University of Oslo alumni,Norwegian educators,Norwegian medical researchers,1931 deaths,Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters,People from Oslo,Norwegian pathologists,University of Oslo faculty,1860 births,People educated at Oslo Cathedral School,Rectors of universities and colleges in Norway

paragraph: Axel Holst

paragraph: Axel Holst (6 September 1860 – 26 April 1931) was a Norwegian Professor of Hygiene and Bacteriology at the University of Oslo.

paragraph: He was most known for his contributions to the study of the treatment of Beriberi and Scurvy.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Holst was born in Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was the son of Axel Holst (1826–80) and Anna Mathilde Charlotte Flemming (1832–97).

paragraph: He was the brother of the linguist Clara Holst and grandson of Frederik Holst. Both his father and grandfather were physicians.

paragraph: Holst attended Christiania Cathedral School (1877).

paragraph: He studied at Royal Frederick University (now University of Oslo) gaining his cand.med. in 1884. In 1887, he was awarded the Crown Prince's gold medal ("Kronprinsens gullmedalje"). He was granted his doctorate in 1892 involving the bacterium streptococcus.

paragraph: He was an assistant at the National Institute of Pathological Anatomy from 1885-89. During 1890-1892, he studied at various European laboratories including visits at Kiel, Berlin, Munich and Paris. He was appointed health inspector in Christiania from 1892-93. He was appointed Professor of Hygiene and Bacteriology at the University of Kristiania from 1893. He was also director of the university's newly established Hygiene Institute until his retirement in 1930. He died in Oslo during 1931 at age 70.

paragraph: Section::::Research.

paragraph: Throughout his career, Holst made many other contributions, writing numerous medical books and articles related to sanitation, health and practical hygiene. Holst conducted his most notable research work with Theodor Frølich (1870-1947) who was a Professor of Pediatrics at the University. Holst and Frølich suspected a nutritional deficiency for scurvy in the Norwegian fishing fleet, then called "shipboard beriberi," and thought to be a variant of beri-beri. Holst and Frølich established an animal model that allowed systematic study of factors that led to the ship-related dietary disease, as well as the preventive value of different substances.

paragraph: Substituting guinea pigs for pigeons (a traditional beriberi research model) as the experimental animal for these studies was a lucky coincidence, as the guinea pig was later shown to be among the very few mammals capable of showing scurvy-like symptoms, while pigeons, as seed-eating birds, were later shown to make their own vitamin C in the liver, and could not develop scurvy. Scurvy occurred in guinea pigs when a diet was fed consisting of various types of grain, either whole or baked into bread, and these symptoms were prevented when the diet was supplemented with known antiscorbutics like fresh cabbage or lemon juice.

paragraph: Their findings were published in 1907 in the "Journal of Hygiene", but were unpopular within the scientific community as the concepts of nutritional deficiencies was unheard of at the time (the concept and word "vitamine" did not arrive until 1912, and was in part based upon Holst and Frølich's work). However, in the later work which led up to the isolation of vitamin C as the antiscorbutic factor in 1932-33, Holst and Frølich's guinea pig model of scurvy proved to be the key biological assay which allowed identification of the chemical substance (hexuronic acid, later called ascorbic acid) which was ascorbutic vitamin.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary doctorate at Uppsala University (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary doctorate at Christian-Albrecht- Universität (now University of Kiel (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary doctorate at Copenhagen University (1929)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Axel Holst - biography

paragraph: Section::::Related reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kenneth J. Carpenter (1988) "The History of Scurvy and Vitamin C" (Cambridge University)

paragraph: [Category:Oslo University Hospital people]]

description: Norwegian physician

wikidata_label: Axel Holst

wikipedia_title: Axel Holst


text:
Veronese
Carletto Caliari
Gabriele Caliari
Academia Carrara
Cleveland Museum of Art
Hermitage Museum
Honolulu Museum of Art
Kunsthistorisches Museum

categories: Italian male painters,Italian Renaissance painters,Sibling artists,Veronese painters,People from Verona,1598 deaths,16th-century Italian painters,1538 births

paragraph: Benedetto Caliari

paragraph: Benedetto Caliari (1538–1598) was an Italian painter who was born into a family of artists. Benedetto’s father Gabriele Caliari was a stonecutter. Benedetto’s brother Paolo Caliari is better known as Veronese. Veronese’s principal assistants were his younger brother Benedetto Caliari and his two sons Carlo or Carletto Caliari (1570–1596) and Gabriele Caliari (1568–1631). Benedetto Caliari, who was about ten years younger than Veronese, is reputed to have had a very large share in the architectural backgrounds that form so conspicuous a feature in Veronese’s compositions. After Veronese’s death in 1588, Benedetto, Carlo and Gabriele completed his unfinished paintings. They often signed collectively as "Paolo's heirs".

paragraph: The Academia Carrara (Bérgamo, Italy), the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Hermitage Museum, the Honolulu Museum of Art, Kunsthistorisches Museum (Vienna) and Musée des Beaux-Arts at Caen are among the public collections holding works by Benedetto Caliari.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Freedberg, Sydney Joseph, "Painting in Italy, 1500–1600", Penguin, Baltimore, 1975.

alias:
B. Cagliari Veronese
Benedetto Cagliari
Benedetto Caliaei
B. Veronese
Caliari
Cagliari
Bénédetto Cagliari dit Le Veronèse
Benito Veronese

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Benedetto Caliari

wikipedia_title: Benedetto Caliari


text: Arthur Balfour

text: British

text: Sheffield

text: Yorkshire

text: British Council

text: Committee on Industry and Trade

text: Baronet

text: Robert

categories: Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,People educated at Ashville College,1957 deaths,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom,1873 births,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire

paragraph: Arthur Balfour, 1st Baron Riverdale

paragraph: BULLET::::- For the British Prime Minister see Arthur Balfour

paragraph: Arthur Balfour, 1st Baron Riverdale (9 January 1873 – 7 July 1957), known as Sir Arthur Balfour, 1st Baronet, from 1929 to 1935, was a British steel manufacturer.

paragraph: Balfour was the son of Herbert Balfour. He was Chairman of Arthur Balfour & Co Ltd and of C Meadows & Co Ltd, both of Sheffield, Yorkshire, and also served as President of the Association of British Chambers of Commerce from 1923 to 1924 and of the British Council from 1947 to 1950 and as Chairman of the Advisory Council for Scientific and Industrial Research from 1937 to 1957. He chaired the Committee on Industry and Trade from 1924 to 1928. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1923, created a Baronet of Sheffield in the County of York in 1929, and raised to the peerage as Baron Riverdale, of Sheffield in the County of York, on 27 June 1935. In 1942 he was even further honoured when he was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire.

paragraph: Lord Riverdale married Frances Josephine, daughter of Charles Henry Bingham, in 1899. He died in July 1957, aged 84, and was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son Robert. Lady Riverdale died in 1960.

description: British steel manufacturer

wikidata_label: Arthur Balfour, 1st Baron Riverdale

wikipedia_title: Arthur Balfour, 1st Baron Riverdale


text:
Istanbul
Corinth
Ottoman
Ahmed III
Sultanzade
vizier
pasha
wali
Larissa
Drama
Morea
Greek War of Independence
Battle of Dervenakia
Istanbul
Zeynep Sultan
Ahmed III
Damat
Albanian
Silahdar Agha
Selim III
in Egypt
Napoleon
Topkapi Palace
vizier
Valide Sultan
Drama
Pasha
Thessaly
Larissa
Hursid Pasha
Ali Pasha of Yannina
Greek War of Independence
Mora valesi
Morea
Ottoman invasion of the Morea
Boeotia
Thebes
Attica
Acropolis
Megaris
Acrocorinth
Patras
Tripoli
Argolis
Nafplio
Argos
Dervenaki
Ottoman Navy
Demetrios Ypsilantis
Theodoros Kolokotronis
Corinth
modern Greek
proverb

categories: Pashas,1780 births,Governors of the Ottoman Empire,1822 deaths,19th-century Ottoman military personnel,Ottoman military personnel of the Greek War of Independence

paragraph: Mahmud Dramali Pasha

paragraph: Dramalı Mahmud Pasha,((Albanian:Mahmut Pasha), c. 1770 in Istanbul – 26 October 1822 in Corinth) was an Ottoman statesman and military leader. A descendant of Sultan Ahmed III, he was a "Sultanzade", vizier, "Serdar-ı Ekrem", and a pasha, and served as governor ("wali") of Larissa, Drama, and the Morea. In 1822, he was tasked with suppressing the Greek War of Independence, but was defeated at the Battle of Dervenakia and died shortly after.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Mahmud Pasha was born in 1770 in Istanbul, He came from a distinguished family: through his mother, Zeynep Sultan, he descended from Sultan Ahmed III. His father Damat Melek Mehmed Pasha, son of İzmirli Süleyman Pasha, was of Albanian origin and served as the Silahdar Agha of Sultan Selim III, after commanding an Albanian regiment in Egypt against Napoleon.

paragraph: Mahmud was raised and educated at the Topkapi Palace at Istanbul. He participated in various campaigns throughout the Empire, rising to the rank of vizier and acquiring significant military skills. Enjoying the patronage of the Valide Sultan, he was eventually posted in his family's home province of Drama, succeeding his father Melek Mehmed Pasha as governor. From this he got his sobriquet "Dramali".

paragraph: In 1820 he was Pasha of Thessaly at Larissa and participated in the army of Hursid Pasha that was operating against the rebel Ali Pasha of Yannina.

paragraph: In the summer of 1821, as the Greek War of Independence began, he crushed the first rebellions by Greeks in the city of Drama. After the disgrace and suicide of Hursid, took over as "Mora valesi", with the task of destroying the Greek revolt in its heart, the Morea. He assembled a well-equipped army of well over 20,000 men, a huge force by Balkan standards, and the largest Ottoman army to enter Greece since the Ottoman invasion of the Morea in 1715. These comprised among others ca. 8,000 cavalry, predominantly from Macedonia and Thrace, and several thousand veterans of the campaign against Ali Pasha.

paragraph: Section::::The Morea Campaign.

paragraph: At the head of his army, Dramali set off from Larissa in late June 1822, and swept practically unmolested through eastern Greece: his forces marched unopposed through Boeotia, where they razed Thebes, and Attica, where however he did not attempt to retake the Acropolis, which had only shortly before surrendered to the Greeks.

paragraph: He passed through the defiles of the Megaris unmolested, and entered the Peloponnese. He arrived at Corinth in mid-July, and found the strong fort of Acrocorinth abandoned without a fight by its Greek garrison. He wed the widow of the fort's murdered former commander, Kiamil Bey, and was joined by Yusuf Pasha of Patras, who advised him to remain in Corinth, using it as a base, and to build up strong naval forces in the Corinthian Gulf and isolate the Morea, before advancing on Tripoli. But Dramali, by now utterly self-confident by the Greeks' apparent reluctance to oppose him, decided to march at once to the south, towards the Argolis.

paragraph: His advance caused a panic among the Greeks: the siege of Nafplio was abandoned just as the garrison was preparing to surrender, and the provisional government fled Argos and embarked on ships for safety. However, on arriving at Argos on 11 July, Dramali made two critical mistakes: he did not secure his main supply and retreat route through the Dervenakia Pass, and ignored the fact that the absence of the Ottoman Navy meant that he could not be supplied by sea. Instead, he focused on taking the town's fort, stubbornly defended by a 700-strong Greek garrison under Demetrios Ypsilantis, which held out for twelve vital days, before breaking through the besiegers' lines and escaping. During that time, the Greeks, under Theodoros Kolokotronis, rallied their forces, and occupied the surrounding hills and defiles, including the Dervenakia. The Greeks systematically looted the villages of the Argolic plain, even setting fire to the crops and damaging the springs, so as to starve the Turkish army.

paragraph: Trapped in the sweltering summer heat of the Argolic plain, without water and food, Dramali was forced to plan withdrawing back to Corinth. On 26 July he sent out his cavalry as an advance guard towards the Dervenakia pass. But the Greeks were expecting the move, and had taken up positions there. The resulting battle was a complete Greek victory, with few Ottomans managing to escape. Finally, two days later, Dramali set out with his main army. Although he and his bodyguard managed to pass, the majority of his army, as well as the treasury and most baggage and equipment, were trapped in the pass and massacred. The result of Dramali's campaign, which had started so well, was a complete disaster: out of more than 30,000 soldiers, only 6,000 returned to Corinth, where Dramali died of high fever.

paragraph: Dramali's defeat saved the Greek uprising from an early failure. The extent of the defeat was such that it entered into the modern Greek language as a proverb: "η νίλα του Δράμαλη" (Dramali's fiasco), which is used to denote a complete disaster. His descendants live today in Egypt and Turkey.

description: Tasked with suppressing the Greek War of Independence but failed

wikidata_label: Mahmud Dramali Pasha

wikipedia_title: Mahmud Dramali Pasha


text: ring name

text: National Wrestling Alliance

text: American Wrestling Association

text: Dillon, South Carolina

text: South Carolina State University

text: Golden Gloves

text: Harlem

text: Lenox Avenue

text: 125th Street

text: gimmick

text: Tiger Conway, Sr.

text: feud

text: tag team

text: Burrhead Jones

text: Sam Muchnick

text: St. Louis Wrestling Club

text: The Stomper

text: Bob Geigel

text: Leroy Brown

text: Puerto Rico

text: World Wrestling Council

text: Kenneth Johnson

text: World Wrestling Federation

text: dog-racing track

text: Kansas City, Kansas

text: Kansas City, Missouri

text: heart attack

text: Brunswick, Missouri

text: Central States Wrestling

text: 2 times

text: 3 times

text: Bob Brown

text: Dewey Robertson

text: Mike George

text: 1 time

text: 4 times

text: Bob Geigel

text: Georgia Championship Wrestling

text: NWA Georgia Tag Team Championship

text: 1 time

text: Norvell Austin

text: Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling

text: 1 time

text: NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship

text: 1 time

text: Bugsy McGraw

text: 2 times

text: 1 time

text: Wahoo McDaniel

text: Professional wrestling

text: Pro Wrestling Illustrated

text: Pro Wrestling This Week

text: Southeastern Championship Wrestling

text: NWA Alabama Heavyweight Championship

text: 1 time

text: WWE

text: WWE Hall of Fame

text: Class of 2018

text: Flair, Ric

text: Race, Harley

text: Ken Johnson

text: The Way It Was: Rufus R. Jones

categories: Professional wrestlers from South Carolina,American male professional wrestlers,1933 births,NWA/WCW World Television Champions,1993 deaths,20th-century American male actors,WWE Hall of Fame Legacy inductees,African-American male professional wrestlers

paragraph: Rufus R. Jones

paragraph: Carey L. Lloyd (July 4, 1933 – November 13, 1993), also known by his ring name Rufus R. "Freight Train" Jones, was an American professional wrestler who competed in the Central States and Mid-Atlantic regional promotions of the National Wrestling Alliance as well as the American Wrestling Association during the 1970s and 1980s.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Lloyd grew up in Dillon, South Carolina and attended South Carolina State University, where he played on the football team. He also got involved with boxing and competed as a Golden Gloves boxer.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Early career.

paragraph: Lloyd trained to become a wrestler at the Tony Santos Boston Wrestling School. At the beginning of his career, he used the ring name Buster Lloyd, the Harlem Hangman. He claimed to have learned how to fight on the corner of Lenox Avenue and 125th Street in Harlem. In this gimmick, he wrestled in Texas and criticized the local wrestlers as being inferior fighters to someone who grew up on the streets. He feuded with Tiger Conway, Sr., who emerged the victor in the feud.

paragraph: Lloyd later adopted the ring name of Rufus R. Jones, nicknamed "Freight Train". In interviews, he would tell opponents that his middle initial, R, stood for "guts". He formed a tag team with Burrhead Jones, who was billed as his cousin.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Missouri.

paragraph: Jones moved to Missouri to wrestle, where he worked for promoter Sam Muchnick in the St. Louis Wrestling Club. He also competed for Heart of America Sports/Central States Wrestling. In 1971, he won his first championship by teaming with Steve Bolus to win the Central States version of the NWA North American Tag Team Championship in late 1971. He later won the belt twice more, teaming with The Stomper and Bob Geigel. He also had a short stint in Florida briefly feuding with Leroy Brown in the early 80s. During the year of 1989, Jones traveled to Puerto Rico to wrestle in the World Wrestling Council ( Capitol Sports Promotion ).

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Lloyd was married to Brooksie Jones Lloyd. They had three daughters, Melaney, Crystal, and Kendall, as well as a son, Kenneth Johnson, who worked for the World Wrestling Federation for many years as "The Doctor of Style" Slick. After his retirement from wrestling, Carey Lloyd worked with Bob Geigel in security at a dog-racing track in Kansas City, Kansas. He then opened a restaurant named Rufus' Ringside Restaurant and Bar in Kansas City, Missouri.

paragraph: On November 13, 1993, Lloyd died of a heart attack while hunting deer in Brunswick, Missouri.

paragraph: Section::::Championships and accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Central States Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Central States Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Central States Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Bob Brown (1), Dewey Robertson (1), Mike George (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Central States Television Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA North American Tag Team Championship "(Central States version)" (4 times) – with Steve Bolus (1), The Stomper (2), Bob Geigel (2)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georgia Championship Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Georgia Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Norvell Austin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Bugsy McGraw

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Mid-Atlantic Television Championship (2 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA World Tag Team Championship "(Mid-Atlantic version)" (1 time) – with Wahoo McDaniel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Professional wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Negro Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pro Wrestling Illustrated

paragraph: BULLET::::- PWI ranked him # 477 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI Years in 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pro Wrestling This Week

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wrestler of the Week (November 1–7, 1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Southeastern Championship Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Alabama Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWE

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2018)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flair, Ric. "Ric Flair: To Be the Man". New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Race, Harley and Gerry Tritz. "King Of The Ring: The Harley Race Story". Champaigne, Illinois: Sports Publishing LLC, 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shoot with Slick. Perf. Ken Johnson. DVD. Highspots.com, 2006.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Way It Was: Rufus R. Jones by Percival A. Friend

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rufus R. Jones: The 'R' Stood For 'Guts' by Mike Mooneyham

paragraph: BULLET::::- Black History Month: Pro Wrestling's Black Stars, Part 3 by Denny Burkholder

paragraph: BULLET::::- Championship Wrestling from Florida: Rufus R. Jones

alias:
Rufus Jones
Carey Lloyd
Rufus R. "Freight Train" Jones

description: American professional wrestler

wikidata_label: Rufus R. Jones

wikipedia_title: Rufus R. Jones


text:
Italian
saint
Niardo
Brescia
knight
Valcamonica
Saint Margaret
monasteries
Saint Constantius
patron saint
Battle of the Malamorte
Oglio River
Bergamaschi
Hell
drowning
penance
Benedictine
convent
oblate
Brescia
charity
Miracles
urn
relics
jubilee year
Vatican
Romanino
Cisalpine Republic
Obitius
Sant' Obizio da Niardo

categories: Italian Benedictines,People from the Province of Brescia,1150s births,1204 deaths,Italian saints

paragraph: Obitius

paragraph: Saint Obitius () (February 4, c. 1150 - December 6, c. 1204) was an Italian saint. He was born in Niardo, in the Brescia, around 1150 (tradition holds that the day was February 4). His father, Gratiadeus (Graziodeo), was a knight and governor of Valcamonica. Obitius was devoted to Saint Margaret as a youth, and displayed an image of this virgin martyr and his armorial device.

paragraph: His family had connections with the local religious community. An uncle had founded two monasteries and another relative had befriended Saint Constantius (San Costanzo), the other patron saint of Niardo. Obitius nevertheless became a knight and married the countess Inglissenda Porro, with whom he had four children: Jacopo, Berta, Margherita, and Maffeo. Obitius had a successful military career as a knight, and participated in the wars between Cremona and Brescia.

paragraph: Section::::Conversion.

paragraph: An event led Obitius to abandon his military career. On July 7, 1191, at the Battle of the Malamorte, on the Oglio River, in Brescian territory, Obitius was leading an army against the Bergamaschi. The Bergamese retreated across a wooden bridge, and they were pursued by Obitius and his fellow knights. The collective weight of the soldiers, the knights’ armor, and the knights' horses caused the bridge to collapse, and Obitius and all the combatants plunged into the water. According to his legend, while he was in the water, he had a terrifying vision of Hell. Obitius managed to escape from drowning and thereafter decided to dedicate himself to a spiritual life. Despite resistance to this idea from his family, Obitius’ determination eventually swayed them, and two of his children, Margherita and Maffeo, also became a nun and monk, respectively.

paragraph: Obitius lived in completely poverty, penance, and prayer and dedicated himself to working for a Benedictine convent. In 1197, he was eventually allowed to become an oblate in the monastery of Santa Giulia in Brescia. Obitius spent the rest of his life at the monastery, performing various acts of charity. Miracles were attributed to him. He was buried with great honor at the monastery church of Santa Giulia in Brescia.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: In 1498, it was reported that the urn containing Obitius’ relics began to miraculously issue water. His relics were translated to the altar of Santa Giulia and in 1553, the same phenomenon was again reported. In the jubilee year of 1600, his cult was approved by the Vatican.

paragraph: In 1526-7, Romanino painted the story of Obitius’ life in a series of frescoes ("Storie di sant'Obizio"), in the basilica of San Salvatore at Brescia.

paragraph: When the monastery of Santa Giulia was suppressed in 1797 during the era of the Cisalpine Republic, Niardo demanded the relics of Obitius from Brescia and are today contained in the main altar of the parish church of Niardo.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obitius

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sant' Obizio da Niardo

description: Benedictine saint

wikidata_label: Obitius

wikipedia_title: Obitius


text:
blacksmith
Northbridge, Massachusetts
Whitin Machine Works
Uxbridge, Massachusetts
Worcester County
Northbridge
Northbridge, Massachusetts
Blackstone Valley
Whitin Machine Works
Whitinsville
Northbridge
Leicester
Blackstone Valley
Mumford River
Whitinsville
Massachusetts
James F. later
Whitinsville
Whitin Machine Works
Whitinsville
Irish
James F.
Crown and Eagle Mill
Whitin Machine Works
Mumford River
Whitinsville
Blackstone River Valley Article

categories: Businesspeople from Massachusetts,People from Northbridge, Massachusetts,1767 births,American blacksmiths,American textile industry executives

paragraph: Paul Whitin

paragraph: Col. Paul Whitin, (1767–1831) was an American blacksmith and pioneering industrialist who in 1831 in Northbridge, Massachusetts established the Whitin Machine Works, which would later become the largest maker of specialty textile machinery in the world.

paragraph: He was born in 1767 in the South Northbridge section of Uxbridge, Massachusetts in Worcester County (which became the separate town of Northbridge in 1772). He began his career as an apprentice in Colonel James Fletcher's forge in South Northbridge. In 1793, he married Fletcher's daughter, Elizabeth (Betsey) Fletcher and they would have six children, including five sons.

paragraph: Whitin and four of his sons would become very influential in the development of the textile industry in the Northbridge, Massachusetts area during the 19th Century, establishing or acquiring several mills throughout the Blackstone Valley area, including ones at Uxbridge, Linwood, Riverdale and Rockdale. It was the Whitin Machine Works however, which would have the greatest impact on the area and the textile industry.

paragraph: In 1835, the village of South Northbridge became known as Whitinsville in his honor.

paragraph: Section::::Pioneer of industry.

paragraph: In 1809, Whitin and his father-in-law James Fletcher and others from Northbridge and Leicester, established the Northbridge Cotton Manufacturing Company. This wood-framed spinning mill, two and one-half stories high had 200 spindles and was only the third cotton mill in the Blackstone Valley at the time.

paragraph: In 1815, Whitin became a partner with Colonel Fletcher, Betsey's father, and his two brothers-in-law, Samuel and Ezra Fletcher, under the firm name of Whitin and Fletcher. Then they built a second mill with 300 spindles on the opposite side of the Mumford River. Paul Whitin then bought out the Fletcher shares in 1826 and formed a new partnership with his two sons, Paul Jr. and John Crane Whitin. The new company was called Paul Whitin and Sons. Also in 1826, a new brick mill was constructed, having 2000 spindles, which still stands today at Whitinsville, having been recently restored. The 1826 brick mill is perhaps the oldest surviving, unaltered textile mill remaining in Massachusetts. Colonel Fletcher's 1772 Blacksmith Forge is also still standing, next to the Brick Mill, on the west bank of the Mumford River.

paragraph: Later on, Whitin's two other younger sons, Charles P. and James F. later also entered into the family-run business.

paragraph: Whitin died in 1831. Years later, with the cotton business on a solid basis and escalating in 1845, Betsey Whitin and her sons built a new, stone textile factory, largely of granite known as the Whitinsville Cotton Mill, which gave the family business 7,500 more spindles. The Whitinsville Cotton Mill would later be used as a testing facility for new equipment developed by the Whitin Machine Works, across the street. This is now called the restored Cotton Mill Apartments, in Whitinsville.

paragraph: Section::::Whitin Machine Works and the Village of Whitinsville.

paragraph: In 1831, Whitin's third son John Crane Whitin designed and had patented a new cotton picker machine that outperformed others in the previous mills. This was to be first of other successive inventions that would establish the Whitin Machine Works as a great textile machinery company.

paragraph: In 1847, the Whitins built "The Shop," which consisted of a new textile production area that was four times larger than the brick mill. It contained machine shops, foundries, and other specialized structures.

paragraph: As the family textile businesses expanded, so did the village of Whitinsville. More housing was provided by the company for new workers on North Main St. and on other side streets as Irish workers poured into the labor pool that same year (1847). Just seven years prior, John C. Whitin had developed the first of stately mansions, which had occupied land where the Whitin Gymnasium now stands. During this time also, Paul Whitin Jr. had married Sarah Chapin and built a new Italian-styled home, along with his brother in 1856.

paragraph: In 1864, Betsy Whitin decided to split the family businesses among the four sons. Paul Jr. got the Rockdale and Riverdale Mills. Charles P. received the 1845 Whitinsville Cotton Mill and the 1826 brick mill. James F. got the Crown and Eagle Mill of North Uxbridge, and the land near the Whitin Railroad Depot, where he built in 1866, the Linwood Cotton Mill with his brother Charles. However, it was John C. who got The Machine Shops of 1847 (The Shop) proper, which had just been expanded along North Main Street.

paragraph: The Whitin family continued to hold the Whitin Machine Works privately until 1946. By 1948, the company was operating at peak capacity, employing 5,615 men and women. However, the business began a decline over then next two decades. In 1966, Whitin Machine Works was sold to White Consolidated Industries. The plant would struggle along for another decade, when in 1976 the doors were closed. The huge plant is now occupied by a variety of smaller businesses along both sides of the Mumford River in Whitinsville.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blackstone River Valley Article

description: American businessman

wikidata_label: Paul Whitin

wikipedia_title: Paul Whitin


text: Foreign Secretary

text: Otto von Bismarck

text: Prince of Bismarck

text: Berlin

text: Otto von Bismarck

text: Johanna, née von Puttkamer

text: Wilhelm

text: Franco-Prussian War

text: Battle of Mars-La-Tour

text: Prince Wilhelm

text: Foreign Office

text: State Secretary for Foreign Affairs

text: Minister of State

text: Kingdom of Prussia

text: Kaiser Wilhelm II

text: Wilhelm I

text: Vienna

text: magnate family of Hoyos

text: Robert Whitehead

text: torpedo

text: Hermann Graf Keyserling

text: Mona Travis Strader

text: Friedrichsruh

text: German New Guinea

text: Herbertshöhe

text: Kokopo

text: His Serene Highness

text: Bismarck family

categories: Bismarck family,Members of the Prussian House of Lords,Princes of Bismarck,German Protestants,Free Conservative Party politicians,1904 deaths,1849 births,Corps students,Children of national leaders,People from the Province of Brandenburg,Members of the 10th Reichstag of the German Empire,Prussian Army personnel,Members of the 6th Reichstag of the German Empire,Members of the 11th Reichstag of the German Empire,Members of the 9th Reichstag of the German Empire,Politicians from Berlin,Foreign Secretaries of Germany

paragraph: Herbert von Bismarck

paragraph: Prince Nikolaus Heinrich Ferdinand Herbert von Bismarck (Born Nikolaus Heinrich Ferdinand Herbert von Bismarck-Schönhausen; 28 December 1849 – 18 September 1904) was a German politician, who served as Foreign Secretary from 1886 to 1890. His political career was closely tied to that of his father, Otto von Bismarck, and he left office a few days after his father's dismissal. He succeeded his father as the 2nd Prince of Bismarck in 1898. He was born in Berlin and died in Friedrichsruh.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Political career.

paragraph: Herbert von Bismarck born in Berlin, the oldest son of Otto von Bismarck and his wife Johanna, née von Puttkamer. He had an older sister, Marie (b. 1847), and a younger brother, Wilhelm (b. 1852). He fought in the Franco-Prussian War, sustaining a bullet wound through the left leg during a cavalry charge at the Battle of Mars-La-Tour. He joined the diplomatic service in 1874, on his father's wishes. Bismarck attempted to gain influence with the heir to the German throne, Prince Wilhelm, by appealing to the prince's narcissism. In June 1884 he wrote to thank Wilhelm for a portrait the prince had given after they returned from a state visit to Russia:

paragraph: Bismarck became Under-Secretary and acting head of the Foreign Office in 1885, and the following year he was appointed the State Secretary for Foreign Affairs. He additionally was appointed Minister of State of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1888. He once said that 'My father is the only person who can handle this business.' In 1890, when Kaiser Wilhelm II called for the resignation of Otto von Bismarck as Chancellor, Herbert von Bismarck also resigned as State Secretary.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Personal life.

paragraph: Bismarck wanted to marry Princess Elisabeth von Carolath-Beuthen in 1881, but his father would not allow it, as she was a Catholic divorcee and she was ten years older than Herbert. The Chancellor pressured his son with tears, blackmail and threats to disinherit him by getting Kaiser Wilhelm I to change the primogeniture statutes. This experience left Herbert a very bitter and alcoholic man. He once shot five bullets through a Foreign Office window to be told he may have hit someone. He replied 'Officials have to be kept in a permanent state of irritation and alarm; the moment that ceases they stop working.' On 21 June 1892 in Vienna he married Countess Marguerite Hoyos, a member of the originally Spanish magnate family of Hoyos from Hungary, who herself was half-English and a granddaughter of Robert Whitehead, the inventor of the torpedo. They had five children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Countess Hannah Leopoldine Alice von Bismarck-Schönhausen (1893–1971), married Leopold von Bredow (1875–1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Countess Maria Goedela von Bismarck-Schönhausen (1896–1981), married Hermann Graf Keyserling (1880-1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- HSH Otto Christian Archibald, Prince von Bismarck (1897–1975), married Ann-Mari Tengbom (1907–1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Count Gottfried Alexander Georg Herbert von Bismarck-Schönhausen (1901–1949), married Melanie, Countess of Hoyos (1916–1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Count Albrecht Edzard Heinrich Karl von Bismarck-Schönhausen (1903–1970), married Mona Travis Strader (1897–1983).

paragraph: He was at his father's bedside when the latter died on 30 July 1898 at 10:57 pm.

paragraph: He died in Friedrichsruh.

paragraph: The capital of the German colonial administration of German New Guinea was called Herbertshöhe (now Kokopo).

paragraph: Section::::Titles and styles in his entire life.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1849–1865: Jkr. Herbert von Bismarck

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1865–1898: "High Born" Count Herbert of Bismarck-Schönhausen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1898–1904: "His Serene Highness" The Prince of Bismarck

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bismarck family

alias: Nicolaus Heinrich Ferdinand Herbert von Bismarck

description: German politician, son of chancellor Otto von Bismarck

wikidata_label: Herbert von Bismarck

wikipedia_title: Herbert von Bismarck


text: Imam

text: Husayn ibn Ali

text: Hasan ibn Ali

text: Ali ibn Abi Talib

text: Battle of Karbala

text: Yazid I

text: Damascus

text: Medina

text: Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya

text: Medina

text: Prophet Muhammad

text: Shahrbanu

text: Yazdegerd

text: Sassanian

text: Persia

text: Quraysh

text: Ali ibn Abi Talib

text: mahr

text: Othman

text: Ali ibn Abi Taleb

text: Sassanid

text: Maurice

text: Tiberius II

text: Mariam

text: Shirin

text: Maurice

text: David

text: Shushandukht

text: Bahram V

text: Muhammad

text: Husayn ibn Ali

text: Battle of Karbala

text: Umayyad caliph

text: Yazid

text: Kufa

text: Shemr

text: Zaynab

text: Umar ibn Sa'ad

text: Kufa

text: Damascus

text: Imamah

text: Kufa

text: Husayn

text: Mukhtar al-Thaqafi

text: Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah

text: Umar ibn Sa'ad

text: Shemr

text: Ubaid Allah

text: Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah

text: Imamah

text: Mecca

text: Black Stone

text: Kaaba

text: Kaaba

text: Said ibn al-Musayyib

text: Al-Zuhri

text: Farazdaq

text: Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik

text: Hajj

text: Kaaba

text: Sufis

text: circumambulating

text: Kaaba

text: William Chittick

text: Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya

text: Quran

text: Nahj al-Balagha

text: kalaam philosophy

text: Sufism

text: hadith

text: The Fifteen Whispered Prayers

text: Abu Hamza al-Thumali

text: Ramadhan

text: Shaykh Tusi

text: "Treatise on Rights"

text: Al-Walid

text: Umayyad caliph

text: Al-Baqi'

text: Family tree of Ali

text: Ahl Al-Bayt

text: Supplication of Abu Hamza al-Thumali

text: As-Sahifa Al-Sajjadiyya

text: Treatise On Rights (Risalat al-Huquq)

text: Dua'a Abu Hamza Thumali

text: Ali ibn Husayn by Wilferd Madelung

categories: Family of Muhammad,Twelver imams,Deaths by poisoning,Banu Husayn,8th-century imams,713 deaths,Karbala,The Fourteen Infallibles,659 births,7th-century imams

paragraph: Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin

paragraph: Ali ibn Husayn (), also known as Zayn al-Abidin (the adornment of the worshippers) and Imam al-Sajjad (The Prostrating Imam), was the fourth Muslim Imam from AhleBait, after his father Husayn ibn Ali, his uncle Hasan ibn Ali, and his grandfather Ali ibn Abi Talib. Ali ibn Husayn survived the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE, after which he and other surviving family members and companions of Husayn were taken to Yazid I in Damascus. Eventually, he was allowed to return to Medina, where he led a secluded life with a few intimate companions. Imam Sajjad's life and statements were entirely devoted to asceticism and religious teachings, mostly in the form of invocations and supplications. His famous supplications are known as Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya.

paragraph: Section::::Birth.

paragraph: Ali ibn al-Husayn was born in Medina, modern-day Saudi Arabia, in the year 38/658–9. He may have been too young to have remembered his grandfather Ali; he was raised in the presence of his uncle Hasan and his father Husayn, Prophet Muhammad’s grandchildren. It is said that Ali ibn al-Husayn was related through his mother Shahrbanu, the daughter of Yazdegerd, to the last Sassanian King of Persia. Ali ibn al-Husayn was known as "Ibn al-Khiyaratayn", the "son of the best two (the Quraysh among the Arabs and the Persians among the non-Arabs)". Ali ibn Abi Talib suggested allowing her to choose a husband from among the Muslims and paying her mahr from the public treasury. Umar agreed; she chose Ali’s son Husayn. She is said to have died shortly after giving birth to her only son Ali. And in other stories this happened during the caliphate of Othman and Ali ibn Abi Taleb.

paragraph: Ali ibn al-Husayn is also related through this Sassanid Persian bloodline to the Byzantine emperors Maurice and Tiberius II through princess Mariam (Historically known as Shirin) the daughter of emperor Maurice. And also to king David through Shushandukht mother of Bahram V.

paragraph: Section::::In Karbala.

paragraph: In 61/680 , Muhammad's grandson Husayn ibn Ali and a small group of supporters and relatives were martyred at the Battle of Karbala by the large military forces of the Umayyad caliph Yazid, to whom Husayn had refused to give an oath of allegiance. Zayn al-Abidin accompanied his father on a march toward Kufa; he was present at the Battle of Karbala but survived the battle because he was ill. Once the Umayyad troops had martyred Husayn and his male followers, they looted the tents and took the skin upon which he was laying. It is said that Shemr was about to kill Zayn al-Abidin but his aunt Zaynab made Umar ibn Sa'ad, the Umayyad commander, spare his life. Zain al-Abidin and the enslaved women were taken to the caliph; eventually he was allowed to return to Medina. During the journey, he delivered speeches in Kufa and Damascus, and informed the people of his father's intentions.

paragraph: Section::::The aftermath of Karbala and his Imamah.

paragraph: Kufa's people invited Husayn to go to Kufa and be their Imam, but they did not back him and his family against Kufa's governor, who massacred them in Karbala. Thus they thought themselves responsible for the tragedy of Karbala and tried to compensate for it by throwing themselves into the struggle to obtain vengeance for Husayn's blood. They chose Sulayman b. Surad al Khuza'I as their leader and called themselves Tawwabun (penitents). They were seeking an opportunity for action, until Mukhtar al-Thaqafi came to Kufa and claimed to represent Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah. He soon gained the authority of a leader and took vengeance on those who were involved in Husayn's killing. Umar ibn Sa'ad and Shemr were executed and their heads were sent to Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah. Ubaid Allah was also killed in the battle on the Zab; his head was taken to the place in Kufa where Ubaid Allah had received the head of Husayn. The governor of Medina did not consider that Zayn al-Abedin was responsible for Mukhtar's action, since he had already left Medina for its outskirts to avoid being involved in political movements. Moreover, there is evidence that he was unmolested and excepted from giving allegiance to Yazid, after the Battle of Harra, where Medinans were sacked and looted by Yazid's army.

paragraph: Around that time, the question of the right of succession between Ali ibn al-Husayn and Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah gained the most attention. Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah was a pious, brave man whom many considered him as their Imam. Other Shia sects said Zayn al-Abedin had the right to inherit the Imamah, for his father Husayn had designated him the next Imam. Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah said he was more worthy (He did not actually mean it he just wanted to prove to other people that Zayn al-Abidin was their real imam).After the death of Ibn Zubayr, the governor of Medina, Zayn al-Abedin and Muhammad ibn Hanafiyyah agreed to go to Mecca and appeal to the Black Stone of the Kaaba to try to determine which one of them was the true successor. They went to the Kaaba, where the Black Stone was placed. Muhammad prayed for a sign but no answer came. Afterwards, Zayn al-Abedin prayed and the Black Stone became agitated and nearly fell off the wall; thus came the answer that Zayn-al-Abidin was the true Imam after Husayn, an answer which Muhammad had already known and accepted and he showed to other people. After this, Zayn al-Abedin returned to Medina and led a quiet life with a few companions who referred to him for answers to religious questions.

paragraph: Section::::Social status.

paragraph: Ali ibn al-Husayn was respected by his followers, who considered him as the fourth imam, and by the circle of Medinan scholars who considered him as an eminent traditionist. The lawyer Said ibn al-Musayyib and the jurist and traditionist Al-Zuhri—though attached to the court of the Umayyad—were among his admirers. Al-Zuhri gave him the honorific Zayn al-Abedin—the ornament of worshipers—and narrated many Hadiths from him. Evidence for his high position among people comes from an ode told by the well-known Arab poet Farazdaq. This ode mentions an occasion when the Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik was overshadowed by the respect people showed to the imam. It was the time of Hajj when both of them were trying to reach the Black Stone through the crowd turning around the Kaaba. The people gave way to Zayn al-Abedin while Hisham struggled desperately. This deeply offended the Caliph, who sarcastically asked to whom the people had shown such respect. Farazdaq, who was present there, composed an ode addressing Hisham's question; it is considered a masterpiece of Arabic literature and the most reliable contemporaneous document describing Zayn al-Abidin.

paragraph: Section::::Asceticism.

paragraph: It is narrated from the Imam that when he saw a beggar weeping, he said: If the world was in his hands and suddenly it dropped from him, it would not be worth weeping for. The Imam renounced worldly pleasures but did not give way to poverty and feebleness, rather he was "pious with what God prohibited". The Imam was self-denying and turned away from the world, and Sufis consider him as Sufi and wrote biographies about him.

paragraph: It is known from the Imam that while circumambulating the Kaaba, he heard a man asking God for patience, so he turned to him and said: "You are asking (God) for tribulation. Say: "O God, I ask You for well-being" and gratitude for it." It is also related when asked about asceticism, Zayn al-Abidin replied, "Asceticism is of ten degrees: The highest degree of asceticism is the lowest degree of piety. The highest degree of piety is the lowest degree of certainty. The highest degree of certainty is the lowest degree of satisfaction. Asceticism is in one verse of Allah’s Book: 'Hence that you may not grieve for what has escaped you, nor be exultant at what He has given you.'"

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya.

paragraph: According to William Chittick, the Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya is the "oldest prayer manual in Islamic sources and one of the most seminal works of Islamic spirituality of the early period". Shia tradition considers this book with great respect, ranking it behind the Quran and Ali’s Nahj al-Balagha. This prayer book deals with Islamic spirituality and provides teachings on levels from the theological to the social. The traditional category of "faith", for example, which forms the basic subject matter of most of Islamic thought as developed in kalaam philosophy and Sufism, has been discussed in this book. Zayn al-Abidin refers frequently to Islamic practices, emphasizing the necessity of following the Quran and the hadith's guidelines, and the necessity of establishing justice in society.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:The Fifteen Whispered Prayers.

paragraph: The Fifteen Whispered Prayers also known as "The Fifteen Munajat", is a collection of fifteen prayers attributed to Zayn al-Abidin, which some researchers regard as a supplementary part of the latter collection. These prayers enable a person to recite the prayer that is most in accordance with his present mood. The prayers start with repentance, which is the first step towards a genuine communion with God.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Supplication of Abu Hamza al-Thumali.

paragraph: According to Abu Hamza al-Thumali, during the month of Ramadhan, Imam Zayn al-Abidin would spend most of the night in prayer. At the beginning of the fast, he recited a supplication later known as Du'a Abi Hamzah al-Thumali (The supplication of Abi Hamzah al-Thumali). This supplication is recorded in the book Misbah al-Mutahijjid of Shaykh Tusi.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:"Treatise on Rights".

paragraph: Zain al-Abidin’s "Treatise on Rights" is the only work other than supplications, short sayings and letters, attributed to him. According to Chittick, this treatise is especially important because it deals with many of the same themes as the Sahifa in a different style and language. In this book, Zayn al-Abidin clarifies that a hierarchy of priorities must always be observed: The individual comes before the social, the spiritual before the practical, and knowledge before action. Each human being has a long series of social duties, but these depend upon his more essential duties; faith in Allah, and placing one’s own person into the proper relationship with the Divine Reality.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Zayn al-Abidin was poisoned by Umayyad ruler Al-Walid through the instigation of the Umayyad caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik in Medina. The date of his death is 95/713-14; he was buried next to his uncle, Hasan, in the cemetery of Al-Baqi' cemetery in Medina. After his death many people discovered their livelihoods had come from him. He would go out with a sack of food on his back, knocking at the doors of more than 100 families, and gave freely to whoever answered while covering his face to avoid being recognized.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Family tree of Ali

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ahl Al-Bayt

paragraph: BULLET::::- Family tree of Muhammad#Family tree linking prophets to Imams

paragraph: BULLET::::- Supplication of Abu Hamza al-Thumali

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- As-Sahifa Al-Sajjadiyya

paragraph: BULLET::::- Treatise On Rights (Risalat al-Huquq)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dua'a Abu Hamza Thumali

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fifteen Whispered Prayers text in Arabic, English, and Urdu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fifteen Whispered Prayers-English Audios

paragraph: BULLET::::- The life of Imam Zayn al-Abidin (as) by Bāqir Sharif al-Qarashi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Life of Imam az-Zayn al-Abideen as-Sajjad by Dr. Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy /a.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ali ibn Husayn by Wilferd Madelung, an article in Encyclopædia Iranica/a

alias:
Zayn al-Abedin
Imam al-Sajjad
Sayyid as-Sajjadīn wa Raki‘in
Ali ibn Husayn
Ali ibn al-Husayn

description: Great-grandson of the Prophet Muhammad

enwikiquote_title: Ali Zayn al-Abidin

wikidata_label: Ali ibn al-Husayn Zayn al-'Abidin

wikipedia_title: Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin


text:
American
ice hockey
goaltender
New Jersey Devils
Toronto Maple Leafs
Florida Panthers
National Hockey League
Urbandale, Iowa
New Jersey Devils
1997 NHL Entry Draft
junior hockey
Des Moines Buccaneers
United States Hockey League
college hockey
Boston College Eagles
NCAA National Championship
2001–02
Albany River Rats
American Hockey League
Ari Ahonen
2003–04
goals against average
Pittsburgh Penguins
2004–05 NHL lockout
Martin Brodeur
2005–06 season
Kevin Weekes
Toronto Maple Leafs
2007–08 season
Justin Pogge
Toronto Marlies
Vesa Toskala
shootout
Tampa Bay Lightning
2007 Calder Cup playoffs
Chicago Wolves
2008–09 season
Lowell Devils
Kevin Weekes
injured reserve
save percentage
Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy
2009 playoffs
Florida Panthers
San Antonio Rampage
American Hockey League
Team USA
2009 IIHF World Championships
Team USA
2010 IIHF World Championships
Ben Bishop
France
Scott Clemmensen on HockeyGoalies.org

categories: New Jersey Devils coaches,Albany River Rats players,New Jersey Devils players,Lowell Devils players,Living people,San Antonio Rampage players,Ice hockey people from Iowa,Toronto Maple Leafs players,American ice hockey goaltenders,Florida Panthers players,Albany Devils players,1977 births,Boston College Eagles men's ice hockey players,People from Urbandale, Iowa,Sportspeople from Des Moines, Iowa,New Jersey Devils draft picks

paragraph: Scott Clemmensen

paragraph: Scott Lee Clemmensen (born July 23, 1977) is an American former professional ice hockey goaltender, who played with the New Jersey Devils, Toronto Maple Leafs and the Florida Panthers in the National Hockey League (NHL).

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: A native of Urbandale, Iowa, Clemmensen was drafted by the New Jersey Devils in the 8th round, 215th overall, in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft after playing high school hockey with the Des Moines Capitals of the MHSHL, and then junior hockey with the Des Moines Buccaneers of the United States Hockey League (USHL). Upon being drafted, Clemmensen went on to play college hockey with the Boston College Eagles from 1997–2001, and won the NCAA National Championship with them as a senior.

paragraph: Turning pro in the 2001–02 season, Clemmensen made his NHL debut in New Jersey's season opener vs. the Washington Capitols and played in two games for the Devils, while playing the majority of his professional rookie season with the Albany River Rats of the American Hockey League (AHL), the Devils' minor league affiliate. He remained for the following three seasons in Albany, competing with fellow Devils' goaltending prospect Ari Ahonen for starts. In 2003–04, Clemmensen was called up and appeared in four games for the Devils, posting a 1.01 goals against average (GAA). He received his first NHL start against the Pittsburgh Penguins on January 20, 2004, winning 3–0. In doing so, Clemmensen became the first player in the history of the National Hockey League to have been born in the state of Iowa.

paragraph: Following the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Clemmensen became Martin Brodeur's permanent backup, appearing in 13 games (starting in 9) and posting a 3.35 GAA for the 2005–06 season. The following year, Clemmensen appeared in six games in relief of Brodeur, recording a 3.14 GAA. In the off-season, he became a free agent and after the Devils signed Kevin Weekes to back up Brodeur, Clemmensen signed a one-year, two-way contract with the Toronto Maple Leafs on July 6, 2007. He played the majority of the 2007–08 season splitting starts with Maple Leafs Justin Pogge with the Toronto Marlies of the AHL, while appearing in three games for the Maple Leafs. He made his first start with the Maple Leafs on January 1, 2008, as the result of an injury to starter Vesa Toskala, and recorded a 4–3 shootout win against the Tampa Bay Lightning. Going into the 2007 Calder Cup playoffs back with the Marlies, Clemmensen assumed the starting role over Pogge and helped the club to the Western Conference semi-finals against the Chicago Wolves, where they were eliminated in five games.

paragraph: On July 10, 2008, Clemmensen returned to the New Jersey Devils, signing a one-year contract. He started the 2008–09 season with New Jersey's new AHL affiliate, the Lowell Devils. However, when Brodeur suffered a major injury early in the season, Clemmensen was called up to backup second-string goalie Kevin Weekes. However, as Weekes struggled in his early starts following Brodeur's injury, Clemmensen took over and started the majority of the games in Brodeur's absence. On February 25, 2009, Brodeur was taken off the injured reserve and Clemmensen was sent back to the Lowell Devils. In 40 games, Clemmensen posted a 25-13-1 record and two shutouts. His 25 wins are the highest total by a goaltender besides Brodeur in franchise history, while his 2.39 GAA and .917 save percentage were statistically in the league's top ten. He was awarded the Devils' Unsung Hero Award, as voted by his teammates, and was also selected as the Devils' nominee for the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy, awarded for perseverance and sportsmanship. He was not, however, retained as one of the league's three finalists. In April 2009, Clemmensen was called up once again, this time to backup Brodeur for the 2009 playoffs after an injury to Weekes.

paragraph: Clemmensen signed with the Florida Panthers on July 1, 2009. On November 3, 2011, the Panthers loaned Clemmensen, who suffered a knee injury in the pre-season, to the San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League for conditioning purposes.

paragraph: On July 1, 2014, Clemmensen returned to his original club, the New Jersey Devils as a free agent on a one-year contract. On June 30, 2015, Clemmensen ended his professional career but remained with the Devils in accepting a development goaltending coach role.

paragraph: Section::::International play.

paragraph: On May 1, 2009, Clemmensen was selected to represent Team USA at the 2009 IIHF World Championships as the starting goalie. He also played for Team USA in the 2010 IIHF World Championships, posting two consecutive shutouts: a 10-0 win over Kazakhstan, which he shared with Ben Bishop, and a 4-0 victory against France.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scott Clemmensen on HockeyGoalies.org

description: American ice hockey goaltender

wikidata_label: Scott Clemmensen

wikipedia_title: Scott Clemmensen


text:
British
barrister
Conservative and Unionist
member of parliament
baronet
High Court
Calcutta
India
Sloley
Norfolk
Bombay
Clifton College
Charterhouse School
Scholar
Trinity College, Cambridge
Winchester Reading Prize
called to the bar
Inner Temple
Recorder
Bury St Edmunds
South Leeds
Conservative and Unionist
Wigan
Khaki election
East Norfolk
liveryman
Worshipful Company of Bowyers
Carlton Club
United University Club
MC
pen-name

categories: UK MPs 1924–1929,Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1910–1918,English barristers,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom,1863 births,1950 deaths,People educated at Charterhouse School

paragraph: Reginald Neville

paragraph: Sir Reginald James Neville Neville, 1st Baronet (22 February 1863 – 28 April 1950), born Reginald Neville White, was a British barrister and Conservative and Unionist member of parliament. He was created a baronet in 1927.

paragraph: Section::::Background and education.

paragraph: Reginald James Neville White was the elder son of James Sewell White, a barrister who became a Judge of the High Court of Calcutta, in India and who took the name Neville by Royal Licence in 1885. While the family seat was at Sloley Hall, Sloley, Norfolk, he was born in Bombay, British India, in 1863. He was later educated at Clifton College, Charterhouse School where he was a Scholar, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he won the Winchester Reading Prize.

paragraph: Section::::Legal and political career.

paragraph: Neville was called to the bar, Inner Temple, in 1887, following in his father's footsteps. He was appointed as Recorder, or part-time judge, of Bury St Edmunds in 1905, a position he held until 1943. In 1892 he first stood for parliament, contesting South Leeds, where he continued as the Conservative and Unionist candidate at the general elections of 1895 and 1900, and at a by-election in 1908. At the January 1910 election, he stood unsuccessfully in Wigan, but was finally elected as a Unionist Member of Parliament for Wigan at the second 1910 election, gaining the seat from a Labour member. He lost this seat back to the Labour Party in December 1918 (a so-called "Khaki election"), and in 1923 stood unsuccessfully in South Leeds again, meeting his fifth defeat there. He was then selected as Unionist candidate for East Norfolk, where he was successful at the 1924 election, holding the seat until 1929. In that year he became a liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Bowyers.

paragraph: In 1927, Neville was created a Baronet He was a member of the Carlton Club and the United University Club. He was Master of the Worshipful Company of Bowyers of the City of London 1928 to 1930.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Neville died in April 1950, aged 87. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his elder son, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir James Edmund Henderson Neville, 2nd Baronet MC, author of "The War Letters of a Light Infantryman" (1931), who also wrote under the pen-name of 'Gaid Sakit'.

paragraph: Section::::Notes and references.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- References

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Sir Reginald Neville, 1st Baronet

wikipedia_title: Reginald Neville


text:
Shawnee
captivity narrative
Ohio River
keelboat
Kentucky
Scioto River
Virginia

wikipedia_title:
Shawnee
Captivity narrative
Ohio River
Keelboat
Kentucky
Scioto River
Virginia

categories: Captives of Native Americans,1833 deaths,Writers of captivity narratives,People from Virginia,1770 births

paragraph: Charles Johnston (captive of Native Americans)

paragraph: Charles Johnston (c.1770 – 1833) was an American lawyer and author who spent five weeks as a captive of a Shawnee group, and later wrote a captivity narrative of his experience. In 1790, he was traveling down the Ohio River by keelboat with his employer John May, a Kentucky land speculator, as well as dry goods dealer Jacob Skyles, frontiersman William Flinn, and sisters Dolly and Peggy Fleming. Near the juncture of the Ohio and Scioto Rivers, the party was lured to the bank by an Indian stratagem. May and Dolly Fleming were killed outright and the four others taken prisoner. Johnston spent five weeks with the Shawnee before being ransomed for six hundred silver brooches by Francis Duchouquet, a Canadian trader. Johnston repaid his redeemer upon returning to Virginia. In 1827, he wrote his memoirs, "A Narrative of the Incidents Attending Capture, Detention, and Ransom of Charles Johnston". He died in 1833.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Johnston at the Clarke Historical Library

description: American writer

wikidata_label: Charles Johnston


text: bishop

text: Catholic Church

text: United States

text: auxiliary bishop

text: Cleveland

text: Ohio

text: Davenport

text: Iowa

text: Cleveland

text: Ohio

text: James Ford Rhodes High School

text: Wickliffe, Ohio

text: Clarence George Issenmann

text: Shaker Heights, Ohio

text: Pope John Paul II

text: Titular Bishop

text: Meta

text: Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist

text: Alexander J. Quinn

text: Anthony E. Pevec

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Jerome Hanus

text: OSB

text: Pietro Sambi

text: Apostolic Nuncio

text: Bettendorf

text: Chapter 11

text: St. Ambrose University

text: Catholic Charities

text: Henry Rohlman

text: Diocese of Peoria

text: Prince of Peace Catholic School

text: Clinton

text: Pope Francis

text: Thomas Zinkula

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

wikipedia_title: Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist (Cleveland, Ohio)

wikipedia_title: Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code

wikipedia_title: List of Catholic bishops in the United States

wikipedia_title: Lists of popes, patriarchs, primates, archbishops, and bishops

categories: 1941 births,Saint Mary Seminary and Graduate School of Theology alumni,Roman Catholic bishops of Davenport,Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland,Religious leaders from Cleveland,American Roman Catholic bishops,Living people

paragraph: Martin John Amos

paragraph: Martin John Amos (born December 8, 1941) is a bishop of the Catholic Church in the United States. He served as an auxiliary bishop of Cleveland, Ohio, from 2001 to 2006, and then served as the eighth bishop of Davenport, Iowa from 2006 to 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and ministry.

paragraph: Martin John Amos was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He was the oldest of six children born to Martin and Mary Amos. He grew up in a working-class neighborhood on the west side of Cleveland, attending Our Lady of Good Counsel Church. Amos was educated at Benjamin Franklin elementary school, James Ford Rhodes High School, Borromeo Seminary College in Wickliffe, Ohio and St. Mary Seminary in Cleveland. He holds a Master of Science in Education degree. He was ordained a priest of the Diocese of Cleveland on May 25, 1968, by Bishop Clarence George Issenmann. He held several pastoral assignments after ordination, and later became academic dean of Borromeo Seminary High School.

paragraph: Amos was serving as pastor of St. Dominic Church in Shaker Heights, Ohio when Pope John Paul II named him Titular Bishop of Meta and Auxiliary Bishop of Cleveland on April 3, 2001. He was ordained by Bishop Anthony M. Pilla of Cleveland on June 7, 2001, in the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. The principal co-consecrators were Cleveland Auxiliary Bishops Alexander J. Quinn and Anthony E. Pevec.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Bishop of Davenport.

paragraph: On October 12, 2006, Bishop Amos was appointed the eighth Bishop of Davenport by Pope Benedict XVI. Amos was formally installed by Archbishop Jerome Hanus, OSB of Dubuque on November 20, 2006 in the presence of Archbishop Pietro Sambi, the Apostolic Nuncio to the United States. The liturgy was held at St. John Vianney Church in Bettendorf.

paragraph: Since taking office, Amos has had to deal with the fallout from the sexual abuse scandal that had engulfed the church. Two days before he assumed office, the Diocese of Davenport filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. As a result of the bankruptcy, the diocese was forced to sell off property, including the bishop's residence, to pay for a financial settlement to abuse victims. They sold the chancery building, St. Vincent Center, and the surrounding property to St. Ambrose University in May 2009. In March 2010, the diocese bought back the center, which also houses diocesan priests, and five acres of land. A $22 million capital campaign was also initiated in 2009 to replenish diocesan finances and to provide the finances for other projects.

paragraph: On July 1, 2010, the diocese re-established Catholic Charities. The organization was initially introduced into the diocese in 1929 by Bishop Henry Rohlman and discontinued when St. Vincent's Home in Davenport was closed in 1968 and its services were absorbed by other local social service agencies. The latest incarnation of Catholic Charities enhances the social justice ministry of the diocese that is already in place, including immigration, disaster response, health ministry, and jail ministry. Collaboration with Catholic Charities of the Diocese of Peoria provides mental health counseling services.

paragraph: In May 2012 Amos became involved in a controversy when he rescinded an invitation to a representative of the Rich Eychaner Charitable Foundation to present a scholarship awarded to Keaton Fuller, a student at the Prince of Peace Catholic School in Clinton. The Eychander foundation promotes anti-bullying legislation and seeks to promote tolerance and non-discrimination for gay youth. A compromise was worked out whereby a representative from the foundation would give a statue to Fuller and a diocesan representative would deliver a pre-approved statement from the foundation.

paragraph: On April 19, 2017 Pope Francis accepted Bishop Amos' resignation and named Monsignor Thomas Zinkula, a priest of the Archdiocese of Dubuque, to be the ninth bishop of the diocese.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

description: Eighth bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Davenport, Iowa, USA.

wikidata_label: Martin John Amos

wikipedia_title: Martin John Amos


text:
oral poetry
Ceará
sertão
Crato
Luiz Gonzaga
Diretas Já
Rio de Janeiro
orality
Camões

wikipedia_title:
Oral poetry
Ceará
Sertão
Crato, Ceará
Luiz Gonzaga
Diretas Já
Rio de Janeiro
Orality
Luís de Camões

categories: Oral poets,1909 births,2002 deaths,People from Ceará

paragraph: Patativa do Assaré

paragraph: Antônio Gonçalves da Silva, popularly known as Patativa do Assaré, (Assaré, 5 March 1909 — 8 July 2002) was a Brazilian popular / oral poet, improviser of oral verse, composer, singer and guitar player. One of the main articulators of the Brazilian North-eastern oral poetry of the 20th century.

paragraph: Section::::Short biography.

paragraph: Patativa was born in Serra de Santana, Assaré, a small town in the State of Ceará located in the Northeast of Brazil. This region is famous for being the place of origin of most Brazilian oral / folk traditions as well as for presenting one of the biggest social gaps in the country, with many disadvantaged communities living in extreme poverty in the backlands (sertão).

paragraph: Patativa was the second son of a poor family of peasants who lived from subsistence agriculture. As a result of an illness and lack of medical assistance in the region, he got blind of one eye at an early age (four years old). He was eight years old when his father died and he had to start working as a ploughman to help his family. Patativa never had a formal education, having studied for only four months, learning just to read and write. However, he started composing his own poems even before being alphabetised. At sixteen, he sold a sheep to buy a guitar. From then on he started to play and recite poems in local parties and became more and more popular. At nineteen, he was taken to Pará by a relative. It was there he was given the nickname ‘Patativa do Assaré’ by José Carvalho, a journalist who published his poems in the local newspaper. ('Patativa' is the name of a local little bird of plain appearance, but with a powerful singing. The singing of one bird often gives the impression there are more than one.) On his way back to his hometown he met the famous popular poet Juvenal Galeno. After coming back he resumed his agricultural work, but never stopped composing. Patativa got married in 1936 and had nine children.

paragraph: Patativa created his poems while working with the land and stored them in memory. He was constantly invited to recite in local radio programs in "Feira do Crato", a nearby city. In one of those occasions he was heard by José Arraes de Alencar, a philologist, who convinced of his potential, gives him the support and the incentive for the publication of his first book of poems entitled "Inspiração Nordestina" (1956). National fame would come in 1964 when popular singer, Luiz Gonzaga, recorded one of his poems, "Triste Partida". During the dictatorship years, Patativa was involved with the resistance and was persecuted but never stopped working as a ploughman. The second edition of "Inspiração Nordestina" was published in 1967 with additions as "Cantos do Patativa". In 1970 he publishes a new collection of poems: "Patativa do Assaré: novos poemas comentados"; and in 1978 comes one of his most popular books: "Cante lá que eu canto cá". His first LP was recorded in 1979, the same year he received honours from SBPC ("Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência") and also campaigned for the amnesty of those who were convicted of political crimes during the dictatorship. Another popular singer, Fagner, records his poem "Vaca Estrela e Boi Fubá", spreading his name to an even wider audience. In 1984 he campaigned for the Diretas Já movement. Two other important publications were "Ispinho e Fulô" and "Aqui tem coisa", launched in 1988 and 1994, respectively. Then came other books, records, short-movies and documentaries. In his last years, Patativa achieved national fame, not just in popular sectors, was constantly in the media and was even included as a subject of study in Sorbonne by Professor Raymond Cantel. He was awarded several prizes, titles, medals and honours, including five titles of Doctor Honoris Causa. However, he never ceased being a peasant / ploughman and never left his hometown. He used to say that his art has never been his profession, and that he never aspired to fame.

paragraph: In the beginning of the nineties he was already completely blind and walking with difficulty (as a result of an accident he had in Rio de Janeiro in 1973). He could barely hear as well, but still had his incredible power of memory and his sharp thinking.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Patativa do Assaré was not only the voice of the North-eastern peasant and agricultural workers, but of the disadvantaged, marginalised and oppressed. His poetry, though rooted in a specific context, is at the same time universal because it encompasses the feeling of a social class with the authenticity of someone who comes from and speaks to ‘the people’.

paragraph: To say that Patativa was a poet is too restricting in view of the multifaceted personality and artist that he was. Memory, singing, poetic and intellectual skills, added to the fact that he was an excellent performer meant that he could transit into different fields of popular / oral arts. In Northeast Brazil there are several distinct characteristics that differentiate a poet from a popular poet, an oral poet, an improviser of oral verse (improvisador, repentista), a composer, a singer and player, a cordelista, a poeta de bancada, and other denominations – each requiring a certain skill and talent. Patativa would fluctuate in all those but would call himself a ‘poeta popular’. The main characteristic of his work being the remarkable trace of orality.

paragraph: Unlike the "cordelistas", Patativa would not adapt or re-create from existing material. He would create / compose / edit and store his entire production in memory. When transcribed, it innevitably lost a significant part of the non-verbal meaning (expressed by the voice, intonation, pauses, rhythm, facial and body language, gestures), which highlighted certain elements that are conveyed only in the act of performing (such as irony, hesitation, boldness, etc.). The complexity of his work is also evident in his capacity to create poems both in the ‘classical’ (sonnets, Camões’ metric) and in the popular styles (i.e. the décima and the sextilha). He would choose between using ‘normative’ Portuguese and peoples’ or peasants’ Portuguese, which he called "linguagem matuta".

paragraph: The chameleonic easiness with which Patativa moved from one position to the other, as well as his intellectual / poetic / creative capacity have still not been fully understood and explored by academics. Contrary to what is generally known, there are other dimensions to his work other than the socio-political / militant thread, including: the telluric, religious, philosophic, lyric, ironic / humouristic, and others. There have been multiple attempts to categorise his work, which was most of the times done subjectively. That exposes flaws inherent in the parameters of judgement - in his case, based on presuppositions and prejudices that split his critique in two poles: the romanticised representation of the myth on one side and the ‘elitist’ on the other. The latter on the bases of social class, level of education, etc. Therefore, the boundaries between man, myth and his actual work are blurred in just a single persona, whose many talents are reflected into a multi-faceted oeuvre. The dimension of which should not be measured by his printed legacy – the published books – since those represent just a small percentage of all he created.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honours.

paragraph: •Five Titles of "Doctor Honoris Causa" from universities of the Northeast in 1989, 1999 (2), 2000 and 2005;

paragraph: •Opening of the "Patativa do Assaré Public Library" in Piauí, 2005;

paragraph: •Awarded the "Medalha Ambientalista Joaquim Feitosa", 2005;

paragraph: •EFESO (Escola de Formação de Empreendedores Sociais) Title, 2004;

paragraph: •Homage from the MST (Landless Movement), "MST Trophy" 2004;

paragraph: •UniPaz Prize, "V Congresso Holístico de Crianças e Jovens", Fortaleza, 2003;

paragraph: •FIEC Prize, "Artista do Turismo Cearense", Fortaleza, 2002;

paragraph: •"Sereia de Ouro" Prize, Fundação Roberto Marinho, Sist. Verdes Mares, 2001;

paragraph: •Third Prize in the "Cearense do Século" Competition, 2001;

paragraph: •Patron of the "IV Bienal do Livro do Ceará", 2000;

paragraph: •Received the Title of "Cidadão do Rio Grande do Norte", 2000;

paragraph: •UniPaz Prize, "VII Congresso Holístico Brasileiro", 1999;

paragraph: •Opening of the "Memorial Patativa do Assaré" (Museum dedicated to him and his work), 1999;

paragraph: •Homage from "Associação dos Docentes da Universidade Federal do Ceará", 1998;

paragraph: •Homage in a "Sessão Solene" from Assembléia Legislativa do Estado de São Paulo, 1998;

paragraph: •Received the "Medalha Francisco Gonçalves de Aguiar", from Governo do Estado do Ceará, 1998;

paragraph: •Opening of the "Rádio Comunitária Patativa do Assaré", 1997;

paragraph: •Fernando Henrique Cardoso gives him the Prize "Prêmio Ministério da Cultura", in the category of Popular Culture, 1995;

paragraph: •Nominated Honorary Member of the "Museu do Gonzagão", 1994;

paragraph: •Opening of the "Centro de Cultura Popular Patativa do Assaré", 1994;

paragraph: •Samba-enredo of the "Escola Acadêmicos do Samba", 1991;

paragraph: •Opening of the "Patativa do Assaré motorway" by the Governor Tasso Jereissati, 1989;

paragraph: •Samba-enredo of the "Escola de Samba Prova de Fogo", 1989;

paragraph: •Received the "Medalha da Abolição", by the State of Ceará government, 1987;

paragraph: •Received the Title of "Cidadão de Fortaleza", awarded by Câmara Municipal, 1982;

paragraph: •Received the diploma of "Amigo da Cultura" by the Secretaria da Cultura do Estado,1982;

paragraph: •Homage by the "Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência", 1979.

paragraph: Section::::Books of poetry.

paragraph: •1956 - Inspiração Nordestina

paragraph: •1967 - Inspiração Nordestina: Cantos do Patativa

paragraph: •1978 - Cante Lá que Eu Canto Cá

paragraph: •1988 - Ispinho e Fulô

paragraph: •1991 - Balceiro. Patativa e Outros Poetas de Assaré (Org. with Geraldo Gonçalves de Alencar)

paragraph: •1993 - Cordéis (box containing 13 "folhetos")

paragraph: •1994 - Aqui Tem Coisa

paragraph: •2001 - Balceiro 2. Patativa e Outros Poetas de Assaré (Org. Geraldo Gonçalves de Alencar)

paragraph: •2001 - Ao pé da mesa (co-author Geraldo Gonçalves de Alencar)

paragraph: •2002 - Antologia Poética (Org. Gilmar de Carvalho)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: •1979 - Poemas e canções

paragraph: •1981 - A terra é naturá

paragraph: •1985 - Patativa do Assaré (Projeto Cultural do BEC)

paragraph: •1989 - Canto nordestino - 80 anos de luz

paragraph: •1994 - 85 anos de poesia

paragraph: •1995 - Patativa do Assaré 88 anos de poesia

paragraph: •1999 - Patativa do Assaré - CD included in the book “O Poeta do Povo. Vida e Obra do Patativa do Assaré”, by Assis Ângelo.

alias:
Patativa do Assare
Antônio Gonçalves da Silva

description: Brazilian poet

wikidata_label: Patativa do Assaré

wikipedia_title: Patativa do Assaré


text:
theatre director
producer
songwriter
actor
screenwriter
dancer
lighting designer
New York City
Hollywood
vaudeville
Broadway
London
St. John's
Newfoundland
Edinburgh, Scotland
University of Lausanne
St. John's
Newfoundland
John Anderson
Hugh Abercrombie Anderson
Bishop Feild College
Edinburgh Academy
University of Lausanne
Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree
New York City
Newfoundland
Broadway debut
Greenwich Village Follies
revue
Manhattan
Bette Davis
Lucille Ball
revue
Two's Company
Ziegfeld Follies
Harold Arlen
Ira Gershwin
E. Y. Harburg
Billy Rose
Jumbo
Two for the Show
New Faces of 1952
West End
Radio City Music Hall
Fort Worth
Cleveland, Ohio
Billy Rose
Ringling Brothers Circus
King of Jazz
screenplay
Ziegfeld Follies
Bathing Beauty
The Greatest Show on Earth
Chicago
tuberculosis
heart attack

categories: Male actors from New York City,Canadian theatre directors,Pre-Confederation Newfoundland and Labrador people,Canadian male dramatists and playwrights,Canadian theatre managers and producers,20th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights,Canadian songwriters,1886 births,University of Lausanne alumni,People educated at Edinburgh Academy,1954 deaths,Canadian people of Scottish descent,Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx),Bishop Feild School alumni,Writers from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador,Canadian musical theatre librettists

paragraph: John Murray Anderson

paragraph: John Murray Anderson (September 20, 1886 – January 30, 1954) was a theatre director and producer, songwriter, actor, screenwriter, dancer and lighting designer, who made his career in the United States, primarily in New York City and Hollywood. He worked in almost every genre of show business, including vaudeville, Broadway, and film. He also directed plays in London. Born in St. John's, Newfoundland, he went to prep school in Edinburgh, Scotland and college at the University of Lausanne.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: John Murray Anderson was born in 1886 in St. John's, Newfoundland, the son of Hon. John Anderson and his wife. His brother was Hugh Abercrombie Anderson. Anderson received his early education at Bishop Feild College in St. John's. He was sent to Europe for additional studies at Edinburgh Academy in Scotland. He entered college at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. Later, he also studied singing with Sir Charles Stanley and art with Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree in London.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After completing studies in Europe, Anderson moved to New York City, where he became an antiques dealer. He sold collections he had accumulated in Newfoundland. This lasted a year; as Anderson said, he had "everything but customers" in his store.

paragraph: In New York, Anderson quickly became involved in theatre, first as a dance instructor. He later became a writer and producer. He made his Broadway debut in 1919 wearing three hats, as writer, director, and producer of "The Greenwich Village Follies." He subsequently produced new editions of the revue in each of the five succeeding years.

paragraph: In the 1920s and early 1930s, with Robert Milton, Anderson ran an acting school in Manhattan, teaching Bette Davis and Lucille Ball, among others. He and Davis remained good friends. When her 1952 Broadway-bound revue "Two's Company" ran into problems on the road, she hired Anderson to restage it.

paragraph: Anderson produced the "Ziegfeld Follies" in 1934, 1936, and 1943, the Harold Arlen-Ira Gershwin-E. Y. Harburg revue "" (1934), Billy Rose's "Jumbo" (1935), "One for the Money" (1939), "Two for the Show" (1940), and "Three to Make Ready" (1946), and "New Faces of 1952". He also directed productions in London; in the West End, he directed "The League of Notions", "Bow Bells", and "Fanfare".

paragraph: Anderson worked as a director at Radio City Music Hall in 1933, as director of the Casa Mañana revue at the Fort Worth Frontier Centennial in 1936, and at the Great Lakes Exposition in Cleveland, Ohio in 1937. He directed Billy Rose's Diamond Horseshoe from 1938-1950, and productions for Ringling Brothers Circus from 1942-1951.

paragraph: Anderson worked in Hollywood as well. He directed the film "King of Jazz" (1930), wrote the screenplay for "Ziegfeld Follies" (1946), directed the water ballets in "Bathing Beauty" (1944), and directed the circus sequences in "The Greatest Show on Earth" (1952).

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and family.

paragraph: In 1914 Anderson married Genevieve Lyon of Chicago; she died of tuberculosis in 1916. They had no children. Anderson regularly visited his family and friends in Newfoundland throughout his life.

paragraph: Section::::Autobiography.

paragraph: In the year before his death, Anderson collaborated with his brother Hugh as writer. He dictated his autobiography, "Out Without My Rubbers," published posthumously in 1954. He died of a heart attack in New York City on January 30, 1954.

paragraph: Section::::In Popular Media.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Out Without My Rubbers" (autobiography), 1954, New York: Library Publishers

paragraph: BULLET::::- A musical about the life of John Murray Anderson called "Impresario" was written by Kyle McDavid and first performed at the LSPU Hall in St. John's, Newfoundland in May 2017.

wikidata_label: John Murray Anderson

wikipedia_title: John Murray Anderson


text: CART IndyCar Series

text: karting

text: IKF

text: Formula Ford

text: Formula Super Vee

text: Formula Super Vee

text: Indy Lights

text: CART / Indy Car

text: Arciero

text: Indianapolis 500

text: Didier Theys

text: Speedway

text: The Curse of the Smiths

text: Grand Prix of Portland

text: Danny Sullivan

text: Mario Andretti

text: Grand Prix of Portland

text: Bobby Rahal

text: Michigan 500

text: Two Balloons

text: Denmark

text: A House, A Home

text: Österlandet

text: Mark Smith's Driver DB Profile

categories: Indy Lights drivers,Racing drivers from Oregon,1967 births,20th-century American racing drivers,SCCA Formula Super Vee drivers,Champ Car drivers,Living people

paragraph: Mark Smith (American racing driver)

paragraph: Mark Smith (born April 10, 1967, Portland, Oregon) is an American racing driver. Now retired, he competed in the CART IndyCar Series.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Smith entered karting competition at the age of 14 and won 6 championships in multiple IKF divisions. In 1985 he moved up to Formula Ford scoring 4 race wins in two seasons and then advanced to Formula Super Vee.

paragraph: After winning the 1989 United States Formula Super Vee Championship with 5 wins and 4 poles, Mark raced in Indy Lights from 1990 to 1992, finishing 3rd in series points his rookie year, and 2nd in 1991 capturing 3 wins and 5 poles along the way .

paragraph: In December 1992, it was announced that Smith would make his racing debut in CART / Indy Car, signing with Arciero for the 1993 season. Arciero, being a sparsely budgeted team, fielded a year old, 1992 Penske PC-21/Chevrolet B, for 13 of the 16 scheduled races.

paragraph: Smith scored two top 10 finishes in the first three races of the season. At the fourth round, the Indianapolis 500, Smith qualified twice for the race but was bumped from the field. His second bumping at the hands of Didier Theys happened just 6 minutes before the end of qualifications that year, an outcome that added to the Speedway myth about "The Curse of the Smiths"..

paragraph: Smith continued to show good pace his rookie year with several top 10 qualifying performances. At the Grand Prix of Portland, the 7th round of the season, Smith qualified the Arciero PC-21/Chevy B 6th on the grid between the Lolas' of Danny Sullivan and Mario Andretti. Early in the race while challenging for 5th Smith retired with a broken gearbox. The Penske transverse gearbox at the back of the PC-21 plagued Arcerio during the 1993 season. After the Grand Prix of Portland in June, Smith retired from the next five races in a row with gearbox problems. Of the 13 races Arciero entered in 1993 the team finished four races, scoring points in three of those four races.

paragraph: Mark qualified for the 1994 Indianapolis 500 and was bumped from the field by Bobby Rahal. With 14 minutes remaining in the final session, Smith made a bold attempt to qualify an ill-handling T93 Lola back-up car. His warm up lap of 221.8 mph was fast enough to make the race. On the following lap he crashed heavily into turn two.

paragraph: Smith's best Indy Car finish was a 5th place at the 1994 Michigan 500.

paragraph: Section::::Film and photography.

paragraph: Smith has produced a number of short films including Two Balloons, Denmark and A House, A Home. He is the co-author of two photography books "The Powder Road" and "Österlandet". Smith is a graduate of University of Oregon.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Smith's Driver DB Profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Smith's Indy Lights' statistics at ChampCarStats.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Smith's statistics at ChampCarStats.com

description: American former race car driver born 1967

wikidata_label: Mark Smith

wikipedia_title: Mark Smith (American racing driver)


text:
New York
African-American
Pan-African Congress
United Nations
New York
District Attorney
Thomas Dewey
Mafioso
kingpin
Charles "Lucky" Luciano
compulsory prostitution
William Alphaeus Hunton, Sr.
Addie Waites Hunton
American Civil War
Council on African Affairs
Brooklyn, New York
Atlanta race riot
NAACP
YMCA
France
World War I
Smith College
Bachelor's
Master's degree
law degree
Fordham University
New York City
bar exam
New York
Mafia
Lucky Luciano
District Attorney
Thomas Dewey
Harry S. Truman
Pan-African Congress
United Nations
Harlem
Lisle Carter, Jr.
John F. Kennedy
Lyndon B. Johnson
Yale Law
Stephen L. Carter
W. A. Hunton, Jr.

categories: 1899 births,1970 deaths,African-American women lawyers,Smith College alumni,American women lawyers,New York (state) lawyers,Fordham University alumni,African-American lawyers

paragraph: Eunice Carter

paragraph: Eunice Roberta Hunton Carter (July 16, 1899 – January 25, 1970) was an American lawyer. She was one of New York's first female African-American lawyers, and one of the first prosecutors of color in the United States. She was active in the Pan-African Congress and in United Nations committees to advance the status of women in the world. She led a massive prostitution racketeering investigation, building the case and strategy that allowed New York District Attorney Thomas Dewey to successfully charge Mafioso kingpin Charles "Lucky" Luciano with compulsory prostitution.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Carter was born in Atlanta in 1899, the daughter of William Alphaeus Hunton, Sr. (founder of the black division of the Y.M.C.A.) and Addie Waites Hunton (a social worker); both were college educated. Her paternal grandfather Stanton Hunton purchased his freedom from slavery before the American Civil War. Her brother, W. Alphaeus Hunton, Jr., was an author, academic and activist noted for his involvement with the Council on African Affairs and promotion of Pan-African identity. The family moved from Atlanta to Brooklyn, New York, after the 1906 Atlanta race riot. They attended local schools. Their mother, Addie Hunton, was active with the NAACP and the YMCA, achieving national status. She was selected as one of two women to go to France during World War I to check on the condition of United States black servicemen.

paragraph: Eunice graduated from Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, receiving a Bachelor's and a Master's degree. After a brief time as a social worker, she decided to study law. She became the first black woman to receive a law degree from Fordham University in New York City (Gray, 2007, n.p). In mid-May 1933, Eunice Carter passed the New York bar exam ("Two New York Women," 6).

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Carter soon established a career in both law and international politics. In 1935 Carter became the first black woman assistant district attorney in the state of New York. As assistant DA, she determined that Mafia boss Lucky Luciano must be involved in prostitution. Carter then put together a massive prostitution racketeering case that eventually implicated Luciano. She convinced New York District Attorney Thomas Dewey to personally prosecute the case. Luciano was convicted and served ten years, and then was deported. The conviction was described by Luciano biographer Tim Newark as, "a land-mark in legal history as it was the first against a major organized crime figure for anything other than tax evasion". The case generated national fame for Dewey, which he rode to election as the governor of New York. He also made two unsuccessful runs for the White House, one against President Harry S. Truman. Dewey benefited from Carter's prosecutor skills, and had genuine respect for her. She frequently accompanied him to political events in Harlem and elsewhere, and reporters noted that she offered him advice. ("Judge Paige," 6)

paragraph: Active in the Pan-African Congress in the 1920s, Carter later became active in the United Nations, serving on committees that advocated improving the status of women ("Eunice Carter," 14). In addition to her work for the UN, she also served on the Executive Committee of the International Council of Women, an organization with representatives from 37 countries. ("U.S. Women's Unit," 9) Additionally, she served on the board of the Y.W.C.A. (Gray, 2007, n.p.)

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and family.

paragraph: Hunton married Lisle Carter, Sr., who was one of the first African-American dentists in New York. They lived for many years in Harlem, Manhattan. The couple's only child, Lisle Carter, Jr., graduated from college and law school. He practiced law and later worked in the John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson presidential administrations as a political appointee. Lisle Carter, Jr. had five children, one of whom is author and Yale Law professor Stephen L. Carter, who published a biography in 2018 about Eunice Carter entitled "Invisible: The Forgotten Story of the Black Woman Lawyer Who Took Down America’s Most Powerful Mobster". In this biography of his paternal grandmother, Prof. Carter includes "the possibility of a long-running affair with jazz musician Fletcher Henderson." The biography also notes the imprisonment of Eunice's brother W. Alphaeus Hunton, Jr. for his communist beliefs, and the consequent estrangement between the two siblings.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://womenslegalhistory.stanford.edu/papers0203/eunice.2002.pdf "Eunice Hunton Carter", Women's Legal History, Stanford University

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eunice Carter To Be Abroad Seven Weeks." "Chicago Defender," 14 March 1956, p. 14.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dawn Bradley Berry, The 50 Most Influential Women in American Law. Los Angeles: Contemporary Books (1996).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jessie Carney Smith (Editor), Notable Black American Women. Detroit : Gale Research (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barbara Sicherman and Carol Hurd Green (Editors), Notable American Women: The Modern Period: A Biographical Dictionary. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Black History Month 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Judge Paige, Miss Carter on Up Grade." "Chicago Defender," 13 November 1937, p. 6.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two New York Women Pass Bar Examinations." "Chicago Defender," 20 May 1933, p. 6.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "U.S. Women's Unit at Vienna Parley." "New York Times," 7 May 1959, p. 9.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dorothy K. Hunton, "Alphaeus Hunton: The Unsung Valiant," Self-published, New York, 1986 (life of W. A. Hunton, Jr.)

description: American lawyer

wikidata_label: Eunice Carter

wikipedia_title: Eunice Carter