text: Ayrshire

text: Dunlop

text: East Ayrshire

text: Lugton

text: Stewarton

text: Dunlop cheese

text: presbyterian

text: Charles II

text: Bantry Bay

text: County Cork

text: James Hamilton, 1st Viscount Claneboye

text: County Down

text: Chapeltoun

text: Covenanter

text: Margaret Wilson

text: Wigtown

text: County Down

text: Dunlop, East Ayrshire

text: Revolution of 1688

text: witchcraft

text: Irvine

text: whey

text: curd

text: marriage stone

text: Glasgow

text: Irvine

text: Timothy Pont

text: Dunlop kirk

text: unskimmed

text: Dunlop cheese

text: farl

text: Ayrshire cattle

text: dykes

text: Ayrshire cow

text: Robbie Burns

text: Sir Walter Scott

text: Midlothian

text: Duke of Argyll

text: Timothy Pont

text: Dalgarven Mill

text: Corsehill

text: Dunlop cheese

text: Lugton

text: A page on Dunlop Cheese

categories: 18th-century Scottish businesspeople,Scottish cheeses,Scottish inventors,Year of birth unknown,People from North Ayrshire,1732 deaths,Women inventors

paragraph: Barbara Gilmour

paragraph: Barbara Gilmour (married name Barbara Dunlop; died 1732) was a significant figure in 17th century Ayrshire having introduced a method of cheese making which became common throughout Ayrshire and beyond, providing employment and extra income for farmers and others. She lived near Dunlop, a village in East Ayrshire, Scotland, lying between the village of Lugton and the town of Stewarton on the old turnpike road to Glasgow. Cheese made by her method became known as "Dunlop cheese".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Barbara Gilmour was a woman whose wits had been sharpened by her exile as a presbyterian in Ireland around 1660, during Scotland's troubles between the Restoration of Charles II and the "dirk & drublie dayis" after the revolution. In Ireland she is thought to have learned the art of making whole milk cheese. She may have been in the Bantry Bay area, County Cork, where James Hamilton, 1st Viscount Claneboye was at one time based. Hamilton was a strong presbyterian adherent and son of Hans Hamilton the first Protestant minister of Dunlop Kirk. McMichael states that she was in County Down, Northern Ireland.

paragraph: It is not known precisely where she came from, however "Gilmore" or "Gilmour" is a common local name, with for example a family of that name living in the Lands of Chapeltoun at around the start of the 18th century.

paragraph: Another source states that she was a pious young woman–a devout Covenanter–and, hearing of the martyrdom of Margaret Wilson (in 1684 or 1685) on Wigtown Sands, and being determined not to renounce the Covenant, she fled, like many others, from her home in Ayrshire to Ireland, and found employment in County Down, where she acquired a knowledge of the Irish process of cheese making. The persecution of females having abated after the horrible event of Wigtown Sands, Miss Gilmour returned to her home in Dunlop, and became a farmer’s wife.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Eventually, according to the Rev. Brisbane (1793), she returned to Dunlop, East Ayrshire, after the Revolution of 1688, bringing the recipe for the cheese with her; McMichael has it that she combined the best of Scottish and Irish cheese making methods to produce Dunlop cheese. Paterson records that she was the wife of John Dunlop, the farmer of Overhill Farm, now known as The Hill. Introducing a new style of cheese was not straightforward and, some of the locals adamant that cheese could not be made from whole milk, came close to accusing her of witchcraft which could have resulted in her being burned to death at the Cross of Irvine.

paragraph: Some accused her of copying their recipes and indeed a farmer, Mr W. Aiton of Strathaven, pointed out that practical cheese makers were already aware of the benefit of adding cream to cheese before Barbara's time, and in his opinion Dunlop cheese was so named from a trader who took these cheeses from the parish up to Glasgow. Others have cast doubt on the Irish origin of the recipe without disputing Barbara Gilmour's introduction of Dunlop cheese.

paragraph: Section::::The cheese presses.

paragraph: Most sources, e.g. Dobie state that "Barbara's Gilmours cheese press can still be seen today at The Hill", however the cheese press here is dated 1760 and she died in 1732. The design of the press, with a heavy lintel stone having a screwed shaft passing through it attached to a frame, allowed the dead weight of the stone to be lowered onto the cheese progressively, improving the overall drainage of the whey and the firming up of the curd.

paragraph: Another stone at the farm may represent the remains a primitive cheese press. It is an expertly carved trough with various holes, grooves and three vertical sides. The groove running horizontally along the back may have helped support a wooden frame above the trough. It may have been re-used for a different purpose at a later date and is unlikely to have been part of the 1760 press.

paragraph: Section::::The Hill farm and the old road.

paragraph: This farmstead, previously known as Over Dunlophill Montgomerie, has a U-shaped plan and has been little modernised since the 19th century, leaving evidence for earlier phases plainly visible. The farm buildings comprise a two-storied farmhouse flanked to the south by stables, a harness room and a forge and to the north by a byre and a dairy. A barn and a cart shed are in a detached range to the rear east of the main block and a small watermill is to the north, adjacent to the dairy. The farmstead is built of whinstone rubble and has slate roofs. It was visited by the RCAHMS in 1993. In the surrounding fields can be seen the earthworks of a rig, some of which is slightly reverse-S in plan. The farm buildings are notable, if not exceptional, for the numerous date stones and marriage stone incorporated into various parts of the buildings.

paragraph: The 17th-century road from Glasgow to Irvine ran past The Hill farm on the opposite side to the existing road, which is itself on the line of the 18th-century turnpike. The house used to face the other direction as can be seen by a slight asymmetry in the existing frontage and the old front door is now a just a window, but with tell-tale ornamentation on the lintel. The presence of the road as it was then, running past the farm, would have made the transport of her cheeses that much easier in those days of transport by pack animal or sledge. Timothy Pont's map of Cunninghame (1604–1608) marks an "O Hill", emphasising the age of this settlement.

paragraph: Section::::Gravestone and descendants.

paragraph: Barbara and John's table style horizontal gravestone is now positioned as an upright against a wall of Dunlop kirk. It is very well preserved and as stated, gives the date 1732 for her demise. The gravestone inscription mentions children plural, however only a daughter, Mary, survived her parents, marrying Allan, son of Allan Brown of Gabroch-Hill. Their son, Andrew Brown, succeeded to Hill, and through his wife Jean Anderson, they afterwards succeeded to Craighead farm. Mary Dunlop, daughter of John Dunlop of Boarland and Jean Gilmour of Tailend, had the half of Boarland, died at The Hill, the property of her mother's brother-in-law, in 1839. The Rev. Brisbane noted in 1793 that Barbara's grandson was still living and was the proprietor at 'The Hill.'

paragraph: Section::::Dunlop cheese.

paragraph: Barbara successfully manufactured a species of cheese until then unknown in Scotland, being made from unskimmed milk from the famous Ayrshire cows. Her process was copied by her neighbours and Dunlop cheese came into such demand, that whether made by Barbara or her neighbours, or by the housewives of adjoining parishes, it found a ready market. It is suggested that the spread of the cheese to other districts was largely through farmers who had settled there from Dunlop parish.

paragraph: She was something of an evangelist in the matter of making "sweet milk" (unskimmed milk) cheese,and being a forthright and energetic character she traveled widely to teach the making of her Dunlop cheese, and so stimulated a nationwide demand. This demand stimulated merchants to visit Cunninghame, buy Dunlop cheese and sell it throughout the central lowlands of Scotland. Local cheese merchants from Kirktoun also bought up the cheese and took them to Glasgow for sale in the markets.

paragraph: Barbara's system for making Dunlop was widely copied and extended rapidly to many all parts of Scotland by the end of the 18th century, even where traditionally sheep's milk cheese had been made. Nothing but skimmed milk had been used in the process of cheese making in this district, previously. All the cheese similarly made in the western counties received the appellation of "Dunlop" and in 1837 the Ayrshire Statistical Account records that 25,000 stones imperial were made in this parish annually.

paragraph: The high value which was set on the Barbara Gilmour cheese for the purpose of roasting was very much confined to Ayrshire, where a farl of oat cake or supple scone spread with roasted cheese, and a bowl of milk, or whey, or tea, or cold water, made a highly relished and substantial meal, precluding in many families the use of bacon for breakfast.

paragraph: Section::::Dunlop cheese.:Cadgers.

paragraph: Cadgers were the middlemen who toured the farms and bought the cheeses by direct negotiation, sending them to the markets in Glasgow, Edinburgh and other places. By 1837 some fourteen cadgers made a living in Dunlop Parish through buying and selling Dunlop cheese.

paragraph: In the long maturing stage Dunlop cheese loses very considerably in weight, which made dealers impatient to get it off their hands; and it was usually therefore retailed before it was ripe, and at an inferior price.

paragraph: Section::::Dunlop cheese.:A poem.

paragraph: /div

paragraph: Section::::Ayrshire or Dunlop cattle.

paragraph: Dunlop cattle are supposed to have originated here or within the parish, bred by J. Dunlop of that Ilk from improved stock from Holland, in around 1550 to 1700 or later. J. Dunlop of Titwood is said to have first bred 'Ayrshire Cows' at one of his home farms. The breed, also known as Cunninghame or Ayrshire cattle are pied, white and brown, short in leg, long in the horn, straight in the back: the bulls are fiery in temper and the cows are peculiarly placid and docile. They produce milk which is very high in butterfat and ideal for cheese-making. The milk has a high protein content and is relatively homogenous.

paragraph: It is an interesting point to note that the selective breeding of cattle was almost impossible before the enclosure of land by dykes and ditches in the 18th-century, because prior to this the cattle were free to mix without much control from the farmer and establishing or maintaining a pure breed was therefore practically impossible.

paragraph: Section::::Micro history.

paragraph: The British army and navy of this time purchased Barbara Gilmour's Dunlop type of cheese as the taste of cheeses made from skimmed milk when compared with unskimmed cheeses was so unsatisfactory that it caused dissent amongst the regular troops and sailors.

paragraph: In the 17th century Dunlop had two fairs a year for the sale of dairy stock, one on the second Friday of May; and the other called Hallowday, on 12 November.

paragraph: An Ayrshire cow was given to Robbie Burns in 1788 by Mr. J. Dunlop of Dunlop. He wrote to say that the gift was "the finest quey in Ayrshire". A 'quey' was the Scots for a heifer until she had birthed a calf.

paragraph: In Sir Walter Scott's "Heart Of Midlothian" he has the Duke of Argyll saying "the Dunlop is the very cheese of which I am so fond, and I will take it as the greatest favour you can do me to send one to Caroline Park. But remember, be on honour with it, Jeanie, and make it all yourself, for I am a real good judge."

paragraph: Timothy Pont states of Stewarton and Dunlop in 1604 – 1608 that "the butter of this countrey in effecte ferues a grate pairt of ye Kingdome, one aker of ground heir zeilding more butter then 3 akers of ground in aney adiacent countreys".

paragraph: One place that Dunlop cheese is made today (2008) is at West Clerkland Farm, a short distance from Barbara Gilmour's old home.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dalgarven Mill – The Ayrshire Museum of Country Life & Costume

paragraph: BULLET::::- Corsehill – A history of the area

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dunlop cheese

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lugton

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A historical perspective, drawn from the Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland

paragraph: BULLET::::- A page on Dunlop Cheese

paragraph: BULLET::::- Details of cheese making and a photograph of a stone cheese press at 'The Hill' farm in Dunlop

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Researcher's Guide to Local History terminology

description: British businessman

wikidata_label: Barbara Gilmour

wikipedia_title: Barbara Gilmour


text:
1936 Summer Olympics
West Hoboken, New Jersey
Union City
Frank Cumiskey
New Jersey

categories: 2003 deaths,Gymnasts at the 1936 Summer Olympics,1911 births,American female artistic gymnasts,Sportspeople from Union City, New Jersey,Olympic gymnasts of the United States

paragraph: Ada Lunardoni

paragraph: Ada Lunardoni (later "Cumiskey", then "Hutcheon"; March 8, 1911 – January 11, 2003) was an American artistic gymnast. She competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics and placed fifth with the team.

paragraph: She was born in 1911 in West Hoboken, New Jersey, which is now part of Union City. Lunardoni first married to a fellow gymnast Frank Cumiskey and had three children with him, but the marriage did not last. She then re-married and lived the rest of her life in New Jersey.

description: American gymnast

wikidata_label: Ada Lunardoni

wikipedia_title: Ada Lunardoni


text: Paisley

text: Paisley grammar school

text: Hamilton, Ontario

text: Newark, New Jersey

text: Glasgow University

text: William Henry Lynn

categories: 1823 births,1873 deaths,Scottish businesspeople

paragraph: George Aitken Clark

paragraph: George Aitken Clark (1823–1873) was a Scottish manufacturer and benefactor.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the son of John Clark, a thread manufacturer in Paisley, where he was born on 9 August 1823. He was educated at Paisley grammar school, and in 1840 was sent the firm of Kerr & Co. of Hamilton, Ontario. On reaching manhood he returned to Paisley, and entered into partnership with Messrs. Robert and John Ronald, shawlmakers, under the name of "Ronald & Clark".

paragraph: In 1851 Clark gave up his partnership to go into with his brother-in-law, Robert Kerr, as a thread manufacturer. To extend the business he went in 1856 to the United States, and to avoid the tariffs the firm in 1864 established a factory at Newark, New Jersey. It was a success, and Clark's O.N.T. spool cotton soon became a recognised American brand. In 1866 the firm amalgamated with the original firm of Clark under the name of Clark & Co.,with an anchor as their trade-mark. Clark died at Newark on 13 February 1873.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: By his will Clark left £20,000 for scholarships at Glasgow University, and £20,000 to build a town hall in Paisley. The firm of Clark & Co. subscribed a further £40,000, and the building then styled the "George A. Clark Town Hall" was opened in 1882. The architect was William Henry Lynn.

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- renfrewshire.gov.uk, "Paisley Town Hall".

description: Scottish manufacturer and benefactor

wikidata_label: George Aitken Clark

wikipedia_title: George Aitken Clark


text: Yale University

categories: Polish Jews,Polish emigrants to the United States,Harvard University alumni,2013 deaths,University of Chicago alumni,1920 births,Yiddish-language poets,American people of Jewish descent,Linguists from the United States,People from Warsaw,Linguists from Poland,Slavists,Yale University faculty

paragraph: Edward Stankiewicz

paragraph: Edward Stankiewicz (17 November 1920 – 31 January 2013) was the B. E. Bensinger Professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures at Yale University, New Haven CT from 1971 until he retired in 1991. A few of his best-known publications are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Towards a Phonemic Typology of the Slavic Languages". 1958. 's-Gravenhage: Mouton.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Common Slavic Prosodic Pattern and Its Evolution in Slovenian". 1966. The Hague: Mouton.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Studies in Slavic Morphonemics and Accentology". 1976. Ann Arbor MI: Michigan Slavic Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Baudouin de Courtenay and the Foundations of Structural Linguistics". 1976. Lisse: Peter de Ridder.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grammars and Dictionaries of the Slavic Languages from the Middle Ages up to 1850: An Annotated Bibliography". 1984. Berlin: Mouton.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Slavic Languages Unity in Diversity". 1986. Berlin: Mouton.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Accentual Patterns of the Slavic Languages". 1993. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My War Memoir of a Young Jewish Poet". 2002. Syracuse NY: Syracuse University Press.

description: 20th and 21st-century Polish-American linguist

wikidata_label: Edward Stankiewicz

wikipedia_title: Edward Stankiewicz


text:
Arthur Rimbaud
Frédéric Rimbaud
Jean Nicolas Arthur
Jeanne Rosalie Vitalie ("Vitalie")
Frédérique Marie Isabelle ("Isabelle")
Crimean War
Sardinian Campaign

categories: 1825 births,People from Charleville-Mézières,1907 deaths

paragraph: Vitalie Rimbaud

paragraph: Marie Catherine Vitalie Rimbaud née Cuif, was better known simply as "Vitalie Rimbaud", and was the mother of the visionary poet, Arthur Rimbaud. She was born on 10 March 1825 and died on 16 November 1907. She met Captain Frédéric Rimbaud (1814-1878), a French infantry officer, in October 1852 and married him the following February. They had five children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolas Frédéric ("Frédéric"), born 2 November 1853

paragraph: BULLET::::- the poet, Jean Nicolas Arthur ("Arthur"), born 20 October 1854

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victorine Pauline Vitalie, born 4 June 1857 (she died a few weeks later)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeanne Rosalie Vitalie ("Vitalie"), born 15 June 1858

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frédérique Marie Isabelle ("Isabelle"), born 1 June 1860.

paragraph: Though the marriage lasted seven years, her husband lived continuously in the matrimonial home for less than three months, from February to May 1853. The rest of the time Captain Rimbaud's military postings – including service in the Crimean War and the Sardinian Campaign – meant he returned home to Charleville only when on leave. He was not at home for his children's births, nor their baptisms. After Isabelle's birth in 1860, Captain Rimbaud never returned to the family home. After their separation, Mme Rimbaud called herself "Widow Rimbaud".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sources

wikidata_label: Vitalie Rimbaud

wikipedia_title: Vitalie Rimbaud


text:
table tennis
Women's singles
2010 Summer Youth Olympics

categories: Chinese female table tennis players,Youth Olympic gold medalists for China,Table tennis players from Shandong,1995 births,People from Dongying,Living people,Table tennis players at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics

paragraph: Gu Yuting

paragraph: Gu Yuting (; born January 14, 1995) is a Chinese table tennis player. She won a gold medal in the Women's singles event at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics. In addition, Gu holds the distinction of having competed at the World Junior Table Tennis Championships for 5 straight years (2009–13) and winning the World Junior Girls' Doubles title on all 5 occasions.

description: table tennis player

wikidata_label: Gu Yuting

wikipedia_title: Gu Yuting


text:
geologist
educator
Clinton, New York
Oberlin College
mineraloid
Leonardite
Science Obituary

categories: People from North Dakota,Johns Hopkins University alumni,People from New York (state),University of North Dakota faculty,American geologists,1865 births

paragraph: A. G. Leonard

paragraph: Arthur Gray Leonard ( – ) was an American researcher, geologist and educator.

paragraph: The first State Geologist of North Dakota, he was also a professor of geology at the University of North Dakota and made contributions to the knowledge of lignite coal and its relation to geologic time.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and education.

paragraph: On March 15, 1865, A. G. Leonard was born in Clinton, New York. He graduated from Oberlin College in 1889 and in 1895 received an A.M. degree from the same. Three years later in 1898, he completed his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University.

paragraph: Before going to North Dakota in 1903, he served as assistant state geologist of Iowa, assistant professor of geology at the University of Missouri and professor of geology at Western College.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: In the early morning of December 17, 1932, A. G. Leonard succumbed to the ill effects of a heart disease that had kept him at home since September.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: The School of Geology and Geological Engineering in the College of Engineering and Mines at the University of North Dakota awards the A.G. Leonard Medal in his name. The mineraloid Leonardite and a building on the campus of University of North Dakota are named after him.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Science Obituary

description: State Geologist of North Dakota

wikidata_label: A. G. Leonard

wikipedia_title: A. G. Leonard


text:
Italian
Commedia dell'arte
Verona
Charles Borromeo
madrigal
Vincenza Armani

categories: Commedia dell'arte,Italian male stage actors,People from Verona

paragraph: Adriano Valerini

paragraph: Adriano Valerini (active circa 1560-died 1590s) was an Italian actor of Commedia dell'arte, active in Northern Italy.

paragraph: He was born in Verona, and could read Latin and Greek. He was the head of a company of actors. In Milan, he fell under the censorship of Charles Borromeo. He has published a tragic play "l'Afrodite", nearly one hundred madrigals, a funeral oration for the fellow comic and possible mistress Vincenza Armani, and the play "Belleze di Verona".

description: actor

wikidata_label: Adriano Valerini

wikipedia_title: Adriano Valerini


href: Bariq Bariq Azd Yemen Arabic%20poetry Jahiliyyah bariq Al-Azd Kahlan Saba%27a Sheba Yarab Qahtan Hud%20%28prophet%29 Eber

text:
Bariq
Bariq
Azd
Yemen
Arabic poetry
Jahiliyyah
bariq
Al-Azd
Kahlan
Saba'a
Sheba
Yarab
Qahtan
Hud (prophet)
Eber

categories: Banu Bariq,Pre-Islamic Arabian poets,580 deaths,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Mu'aqqir

paragraph: Mu'aqqir (Arabic: معقر) or Amr Ibn Aws b. Himar al-Bariqi (died 580 CE), a knight and the leader of the Bariq tribe which was in Bariq Of Azd Yemen and was famous for its glory, He is considered one of the greatest writers of Arabic poetry in pre-Islamic (Jahiliyyah) times.

paragraph: Section::::Lineage.

paragraph: Amr b. al-Harith b. Aws b. Himar b. Hjna b. Mazen b. Thailbh b. Kinanah al-Bariqi ibn bariq Ibn Uday Ibn Haritha Ibn Amr Mazikiee Ibn Aamr bin Haritha Algtarif bin Imru al-Qais Thailb bin Mazen Ibn Al-Azd Ibn Al-Ghoth Ibn Nabit Ibn Malik bin Zaid Ibn Kahlan Ibn Saba'a ( Sheba ) Ibn Yashjub Ibn Yarab Ibn Qahtan Ibn Hud (prophet) (Eber).

description: poet

wikidata_label: Mu'aqqir

wikipedia_title: Mu'aqqir


text:
pitcher
Major League Baseball
Andover
Yale University
National League
Philadelphia Quakers
earned run average
Philadelphia Athletics
New England League
Minneapolis Millers

categories: 1893 deaths,Lowell Chippies players,Yale University alumni,Baseball players from Massachusetts,Philadelphia Athletics (AA) players,Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players,19th-century baseball players,Philadelphia Quakers players,Major League Baseball pitchers,1865 births,People from Winthrop, Massachusetts

paragraph: Bill Vinton

paragraph: William Miller Vinton (1865–1893), was a pitcher in Major League Baseball.

paragraph: Vinton was the star pitcher and captain of the Andover baseball team in the early 1880s. He then attended Yale University and played ball there before turning professional.

paragraph: In 1884, Vinton joined the National League's Philadelphia Quakers. He was the team's best pitcher, posting a 10-10 record with a 2.23 earned run average. Vinton started off slow in 1885 and finished off that season with the Philadelphia Athletics. His career major league record was 17-19.

paragraph: Vinton returned to Yale and graduated in 1888. He then pitched for the New England League's Lowell Chippies and went 2-0 with a 1.50 ERA. The following season, he went to the Minneapolis Millers.

paragraph: Vinton died in 1893, at the age of 28.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Bill Vinton

wikipedia_title: Bill Vinton


text:
archbishop
Lyon
Clovis II
Wilfrid
bishop of Lyon
Clovis II
prefect
Lyon
Count of Lyons
hagiographic text
Gallo-Roman
Burgundia
prefect
Gaul
Eddius Stephanus
Venerable Bede
Clovis II
Wilfrid
evangelization
Saint-Chamond
relic
mayor of the palace
Ebroin
Bede
Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
Balthild
Chalon-sur-Saône
Lyon
Saint-Nizier Church
Genesius
Bishop
Bellegarde-en-Forez
Champdieu
Saint-Ennemond
Allier
Saint-Chamond
Loire
Church of Saint-Ennemond
Saint-Étienne
martyrology
feast day
church bell
Bible

categories: Medieval Lyon,Archbishops of Lyon,Year of birth unknown,658 deaths,7th-century archbishops,7th-century Gallo-Roman people,7th-century Christian saints

paragraph: Annemund

paragraph: Saint Annemund, also known as Annemundus, Aunemundus, Ennemond and Chamond, was an archbishop of Lyon. Annemund was a councillor of Clovis II and a friend of Wilfrid of York. The year of his death is variously given as either 657 or 658.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ennemond Dauphin (Dalfinus) succeeded Viventius as bishop of Lyon between 652 and 654 during the reign of Clovis II.

paragraph: His father, Sigon, was a prefect in Lyon, while his brother, Dalfin, was Count of Lyons. Late hagiographic texts say his was a Gallo-Roman family, although his name is of German origin, more common in the Burgundian late 5th century. These same texts record that Dauphin's brother was prefect of Gaul. The accounts of his contemporaries Eddius Stephanus (in) and the Venerable Bede however, make no mention of his brother.

paragraph: Annemund was a councillor of Clovis II and a friend of Wilfrid. Tradition attributes to him the evangelization of the Saint-Chamond area (Castellum Sancti Admundi), whose church still contains one of his relics.

paragraph: He was the victim of a plot by the mayor of the palace, Ebroin. According to Bede ("Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum" v.19), this occurred at the order of Queen Balthild. Having been unable to attend a gathering of Frankish officials at Orleans, he was slandered as a traitor to the king. Summoned to court, he was beheaded on September 29, 658 near Chalon-sur-Saône by parties affiliated with Ebroin. His body was brought back to Lyon and is in the Saint-Nizier Church. Genesius succeeded him as Bishop.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Ennemond is also revered in Bellegarde-en-Forez and Champdieu. He gave his name to the town of Saint-Ennemond in Allier and Saint-Chamond in the Loire area. One of his relics is preserved in the Church of Saint-Ennemond, Saint-Étienne.

paragraph: He is enrolled in the Roman martyrology and his feast day is celebrated on 28 September.

paragraph: It is said that it was Ennemond who first conceived the idea of calling the faithful to church by ringing church bells. Similarly, when his body was returned to Lyon, all churches would have started ringing their bells.

paragraph: A statue in the Saint-Ennemond church Saint-Étienne is in episcopal robes, holding a codex of the Bible.

description: French archbishop

wikidata_label: Annemund

wikipedia_title: Annemund


text:
Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia
University of Calgary
2008 Beijing Olympic Games
2010 World Rowing Championships
World Rowing Championships
Melanie Kok
Mara Jones
Elizabeth Urbach
Lindsay Jennerich
2008 Summer Olympic Games
Profile

categories: Sportspeople from Nova Scotia,Olympic medalists in rowing,Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics,Olympic bronze medalists for Canada,1975 births,University of Calgary alumni,Olympic rowers of Canada,Rowers at the 2008 Summer Olympics,Living people,Canadian female rowers

paragraph: Tracy Cameron

paragraph: Tracy Cameron (Born February 1, 1975, Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia, Canada) Began Rowing in 2000 at the age of 25 by enrolling in the learn to row program, while attending the University of Calgary. Since then, Tracy has been to the starting line 12 times and brought home 9 medals, including a Bronze in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and a gold in the 2010 World Rowing Championships.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Cameron has won two World Rowing Championships medals, a gold in 2005 in the Lightweight Quadruple Sculls with Melanie Kok, Mara Jones and Elizabeth Urbach and a gold in 2010 in the Lightweight Double Sculls with Lindsay Jennerich. She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing, China in the women's lightweight doubles with partner Melanie Kok and won a bronze medal.

paragraph: Section::::Accomplishments.

paragraph: 2010 - 1st in LW2x, World Rowing Championships, Lake Karapiro, New Zealand

paragraph: 2008 - 3rd in LW2x Beijing Olympics, Beijing, China

paragraph: 2008 - 1st in LW2x, World Cup, Poznan, Poland

paragraph: 2008 - 3rd in LW2x, World Cup, Lucerne, Switzerland

paragraph: 2007 - 2nd in LW2x World Cup, Lucerne, Switzerland

paragraph: 2007 - 3rd in LW2x World Cup 1 Linz, Austria

paragraph: 2006 - 1st in LW2x World Cup 3 Lucerne, Switzerland

paragraph: 2006 - 1st in LW1x World Cup 1 Munich, Germany

paragraph: 2005 - 1st in LW4x World Championships Gifu, Japan LW4x

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Natural Gourmet Institute for Health and Culinary Arts '2009

paragraph: Chef Training Diploma

paragraph: University of Calgary '2000

paragraph: Master of Science (MSc) in Sport Medicine

paragraph: Acadia University '1998

paragraph: Bachelor of Physical Education

paragraph: Honors in Exercise Studies

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Rowing Canada

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.tracycameron.ca

description: Canadian rower

wikidata_label: Tracy Cameron

wikipedia_title: Tracy Cameron


text:
Sukhumi
Tbilisi
Grigory Fedotov club
Soviet Top League
FC Dinamo Tbilisi
USSR
1952 Olympics
Bulgaria
Profile

categories: Sportspeople from Sukhumi,Association footballers not categorized by position,Soviet footballers,1922 births,Soviet football managers,1980 deaths,Soviet Union international footballers,Olympic footballers of the Soviet Union,FC Dinamo Tbilisi managers,Soviet Top League players,Footballers from Abkhazia,Footballers from Georgia (country),Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR,Footballers at the 1952 Summer Olympics,FC Dinamo Sukhumi players,FC Dinamo Tbilisi players

paragraph: Avtandil Gogoberidze

paragraph: Avtandil Nikolozis dze Gogoberidze (, ; 3 August 1922, Sukhumi – 20 November 1980, Tbilisi), nicknamed "Basa", was a and . He was a Grigory Fedotov club member. His son Tengiz Gogoberidze played one game in the Soviet Top League for FC Dinamo Tbilisi.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Gogoberidze made his debut for USSR on 15 July 1952 in the 1952 Olympics game against Bulgaria.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile

description: Georgian footballer

wikidata_label: Avtandil Gogoberidze

wikipedia_title: Avtandil Gogoberidze


text:
FSA
FRNS
peer
numismatist
Florence
Italy
Thomas Norton, 4th Baron Grantley
Caroline Norton
Highgate School
Harrow School
University of Dresden
captain
Middlesex Yeomanry
Society of Antiquaries of London
Royal Numismatic Society
British Numismatic Society
orchid
Weeke Manor
Winchester
Markenfield Hall
Ripon
Elton
Nottinghamshire
Red Rice
Commodore
Thomas Jones, 7th Viscount Ranelagh
Father of the House
Viscount Hereford
London
The Times
5th Baron Grantley
5th Lord Grantley

categories: 1943 deaths,Middlesex Yeomanry officers,British numismatists,People educated at Highgate School,1855 births,Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London

paragraph: John Norton, 5th Baron Grantley

paragraph: John Richard Brinsley Norton, 5th Baron Grantley, FSA, FRNS (1 October 1855 – 5 August 1943), was a British peer. As a numismatist he owned a large collection of coins.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Norton was born in Florence, Italy, the son of Thomas Norton, 4th Baron Grantley and his wife, Maria, née Federigo, and a grandson of Caroline Norton, the writer. He was educated at Highgate School from 1867 until 1869, and then at Harrow School and the University of Dresden. He inherited his father's title in 1877 and was at some time a captain in the Middlesex Yeomanry.

paragraph: Section::::Estates.

paragraph: Grantley was a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, the Royal Numismatic Society and the British Numismatic Society. He assembled a large collection of coins and also grew orchids. His country seats were Weeke Manor in Winchester and Markenfield Hall in Ripon. He also owned Elton Manor in Nottinghamshire for a time, but seems hardly to have lived there. He purchased the Red Rice estate in 1913.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1879, Grantley married Katharine Buckner Norton, née McVickar (died 1897), the former wife of his cousin, Charles Grantley Campbell Norton. She was the daughter of Commodore William Henry McVickar, US Navy, of New York, USA. They had six children. He married secondly, in 1899, Alice Jones (died 1942), the illegitimate daughter of Thomas Jones, 7th Viscount Ranelagh.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. [unnamed] Norton (born and died 25 January 1889)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Richard Henry Brinsley Norton, later 6th Baron Grantley

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Joan Mary Conyers Norton (10 November 1879 – 22 July 1942), married 11 February 1903 Edmund Henry Bevan JP, of Hilston Park, Monmouthshire (died 3 November 1945), son of Thomas Bevan of Stone Park, Greenhithe, and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Eleanour Trehane Norton (18 July 1881 – 16 March 1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Winifred Chapple Norton (18 July 1881 – 11 July 1914), married 26 June 1907 William Galbraith Tennant, eldest son of John Tennant, of The Boltons, London, and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Katharine Edith Carlotta Norton (18 December 1883 – 9 February 1961)

paragraph: In 1930 he became Father of the House of Lords on the death of Viscount Hereford. On his death in a London nursing home in 1943, his titles passed to his only surviving son, the Hon. Richard Henry Brinsley Norton (6th Lord Grantley), film maker and husband of Jean Mary Kinloch.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary – "The Times", 6 August 1943

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5th Baron Grantley

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5th Lord Grantley

description: British peer and numismatist

wikidata_label: John Norton, 5th Baron Grantley

wikipedia_title: John Norton, 5th Baron Grantley


text:
American
piano
St. Louis, Missouri
Missouri Historical Society
St. Louis, Missouri
piano
violin
Unitarian Church of the Messiah
St. Louis World Fair
American Academy of Arts and Letters
Washington University
Forest Park College
Louise Kroeger

categories: American male composers,American composers,American music educators,1862 births,1934 deaths

paragraph: Ernst R. Kroeger

paragraph: Ernest R. Kroeger (August 10, 1862 – April 7, 1934) was an American composer. He is mainly known for the pedagogical works he composed for piano; he also taught music in St. Louis, Missouri. Today his papers are held at the Missouri Historical Society.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ernest Richard Kroeger was born in St. Louis, Missouri to Adolph Ernst Kroeger and Eliza Bertha Curren Kroeger. He attended public school and began his musical studies at the age of five. His father, who was an amateur musician, taught him piano. He also learned instrumentation, violin, and harmony under various other teachers, including Egmont Froelich, Ernst Spiering, Charles Kunkel, Wilhelm Goldner, and W. Malméne. At the age of fifteen, he went into the mercantile life only to return to music several years later. He became the organist for various churches around St. Louis, including Trinity Episcopal and the Unitarian Church of the Messiah. Kroeger married on October 10, 1891 to a Miss Laura A. Clark from Lebanon, Missouri. Together they had four children.

paragraph: Section::::Middle Age.

paragraph: When Kroeger was 42, he was appointed the Master of Programs of the Bureau of Music and responsible for musical programming for the St. Louis World Fair. Rather than emphasizing brass band music as the fair planners had envisioned, Kroeger was intent on including a range of musical styles, composers and media which ultimately enhanced the status of music at the fair. There, he arranged for choral, brass, and band concerts as well as competitions for them as well. Because so many people enjoyed the concerts he put together at the World Fair, the French Academy elected him an Officer. Other institutes he joined were the National Institute of Arts of Letters, and the American Guild of Organists, which he also helped found.

paragraph: The same year that he was the Master of Programs for the St. Louis World Fair he became the Director of the Kroeger School of Music, and kept that position until he died. In 1915, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters (then the National Institute of Arts and Letters). In 1925, he became Director of the Washington University Music Department until 1934, the year of his death. He was also the Director of the Music Department for Forest Park College.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Kroeger's compositions were played all around the United States and Europe during the first couple decades of the 19th century.

paragraph: After Kroeger died in 1934, his daughter, Louise Kroeger, succeeded her father in becoming the Director of the Kroeger School of Music until her retirement in 1975, when she was 84. His son, Richard Clark, served in the World War as a color sergeant of the three hundred and fifty-third infantry of the eighty-ninth division.

description: American composer

wikidata_label: Ernst R. Kroeger

wikipedia_title: Ernst R. Kroeger


text:
Newark, New Jersey
Harvard University
John Knowles Paine
Stuttgart Conservatory
orchestra
tone poem
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Bridge Records
cantata
Boston Symphony Orchestra
opera
Bremen
thesis
Smith College
Connecticut College
Boston, Massachusetts
H.E. Krehbiel

categories: Classical musicians from New Jersey,Harvard University alumni,1870 births,Classical musicians from New York (state),Smith College faculty,1922 deaths,American male classical composers,Musicians from Newark, New Jersey,Connecticut College faculty,State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart alumni,American classical composers,Harvard University faculty

paragraph: Louis Coerne

paragraph: Louis Adolphe Coerne (February 27, 1870 – September 11, 1922) was an American composer and music educator.

paragraph: Section::::Life and works.

paragraph: He was born in Newark, New Jersey, and was educated at Harvard University, where he studied under John Knowles Paine, and at the Stuttgart Conservatory, Germany.

paragraph: Coerne wrote a number of pedagogical pieces for piano, and also composed a number of orchestral works, one of which, the tone poem "Excalibur", Op. 180, was recorded by Karl Krueger with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in the late 1960s, and reissued on CD in 2006 by Bridge Records. His cantata, "Hiawatha", Op. 18 was premiered in Munich in 1893 and performed by the Boston Symphony Orchestra in 1894.

paragraph: Coerne's opera "Zenobia", Op. 66, premiered in Bremen, Germany, in 1905, was the first opera by an American composer to be performed in Germany. Earlier that year, Harvard had conferred on Coerne the degree of Ph.D., with the score of "Zenobia" and his book, "The Evolution of Modern Orchestration" (published in 1908), serving as his thesis.

paragraph: Other operas composed by Coerne:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Woman of Marblehead", Op. 40

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sakuntala", Op. 67

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Maiden Queen", Op. 69

paragraph: Coerne taught at Smith College, Harvard, and Connecticut College. He died in Boston, Massachusetts.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coerne and His New Opera", in: "New York Times", Dec. 17, 1905.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coerne, Louis Adolphe: "The Evolution of Modern Orchestration" (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1908). With introductory note by H.E. Krehbiel.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sadie, Stanley (ed.): "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" (London: Macmillan, 1980).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Who's Who in America" (1912–13).

description: American composer and music educator

wikidata_label: Louis Coerne

wikipedia_title: Louis Coerne


text:
bishop of Barcelona
James I of Aragon
canon priest
Barcelona Cathedral
Berenguer de Palou I
Peter II of Aragon
Almohads
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
Catalonia-Aragon
Fifth Crusade
Damietta
Egypt
Cathar Crusade
Aviñón del Penedés
Mercedarian Order
Peter Nolasco
Rule of Saint Augustine
Barcelona
Dominican
Franciscan
Peñíscola
Valencia
invasion of Majorca
Archbishop of Tarragona
Pope Gregory IX
see
Santa Clara
Barcelona
taifas
Dénia
Seignory
sepulcher
Catalunya en-línia: Berenguer de Palou
Historia de Mallorca

categories: Spanish diplomats,Bishops of Barcelona,1241 deaths,Burials at the Cathedral of Santa Eulalia,Spanish politicians

paragraph: Berenguer de Palou II

paragraph: Berenguer de Palou II (died 1241) was bishop of Barcelona from 1212 to 1241. He was a major supporter of James I of Aragon.

paragraph: He began his career as a canon priest in Barcelona Cathedral during the episcopate of his uncle Berenguer de Palou I. Shortly after being elected bishop in 1212, he marched with Peter II of Aragon on the latter’s crusade against the Almohads in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. Later Palou served as royal councilor and chancellor of the Crown of Catalonia-Aragon.

paragraph: In 1219, he participated in the Fifth Crusade against Damietta in Egypt, contributing to the effort 50 knights and peons and unsuccessfully attempted to prevent the Cathar Crusade.

paragraph: He founded various establishments for the destitute, offering the Castle of Aviñón del Penedés and some of his own properties for this effort. He supported the founding of the Mercedarian Order in 1218. Bishop Berenguer de Palou gave Peter Nolasco and his companions the white habit that they would wear as characteristic of the Order; he gave them the Rule of Saint Augustine as a norm for their life in common and he gave his authorization for the sign of his cathedral, the Holy Cross, to be on the habit of the Order. After that, Peter Nolasco and the first Mercedarians made their religious profession before the bishop.

paragraph: In 1219, Bishop Berenguer also supported the introduction into Barcelona of the Dominican and Franciscan Orders.

paragraph: In 1225, he accompanied James I on the unsuccessful attack on Peñíscola, Valencia.

paragraph: Together they planned the invasion of Majorca, to which he contributed 99 knights and 1,000 foot soldiers. As a reward, he received 875 knighthood lands and 8 windmills, which had originally been the possession of the barony of Andratx. During the military operations against the Muslims of Mallorca, he was wounded, his foot being mutilated during the last campaign against the Muslims of this island.

paragraph: In 1233, he was elected Archbishop of Tarragona, but Pope Gregory IX did not approve the election, and Palou did not occupy this see.

paragraph: In 1237, he helped found the Monastery of Santa Clara in Barcelona.

paragraph: In 1238, he participated in the conquest of the taifas of Valencia and Dénia. He received various estates as a result and the Seignory of Almonesir.

paragraph: He died in 1241, and his sepulcher can be found in the cathedral of Barcelona.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catalunya en-línia: Berenguer de Palou

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historia de Mallorca

description: Bishop of Barcelona

wikidata_label: Berenguer de Palou II

wikipedia_title: Berenguer de Palou II


text:
neurophysiologist
Posen
psychiatrist
Oskar Kohnstamm
Emil du Bois-Reymond
physiological
University of Berlin
Adolf Fick
University of Würzburg
Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio
Ewald Hering
University of Prague
electrophysiology
spinal cord
lactic acid
Edward Flatau
Bastian-Bruns Law
spinal cord injury
human physiology
pharmacologist
Jean-François Heymans
skin sensation
Alfred Goldscheider
Sigmund Exner
Polish Wikipedia
Pagel: Biographical Dictionary

categories: German physiologists,German neurologists,1926 deaths,1842 births

paragraph: Johannes Gad

paragraph: Johannes Wilhelm Gad (30 June 1842 – 1926) was a German neurophysiologist who was a native of Posen. He was father-in-law to psychiatrist Oskar Kohnstamm (1871-1917).

paragraph: He was an assistant to Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818–1896) at the physiological institute at the University of Berlin, and later worked under Adolf Fick (1829–1901) at the University of Würzburg. In 1893–1894 he was a visiting lecturer of physiology at Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, and after returning to Germany, became departmental head at the physiological institute in Berlin. In 1895 he succeeded Ewald Hering (1834–1918) as manager of the department of physiology at the University of Prague.

paragraph: Gad is known from his work in experimental physiology. He performed numerous investigations involving electrophysiology, spinal cord functionality, the relationship between lactic acid to muscle contraction, et al. With Edward Flatau (1868–1932), he conducted experiments that were critical of Bastian-Bruns Law in regards to the loss of function following spinal cord injury.

paragraph: Among his written works was a textbook on human physiology that he co-authored with pharmacologist Jean-François Heymans, called "Kurzes Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen", and a treatise on skin sensation that he published with Alfred Goldscheider (1858–1935), titled "Ueber die Summation von Hautreizen". In 1887, with Sigmund Exner, he founded the periodical "Centralblatt für Physiologie".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Parts of this article are based on a translation of an equivalent article at the Polish Wikipedia."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pagel: Biographical Dictionary (biography translated from German)

description: German neurophysiologist

wikidata_label: Johannes Gad

wikipedia_title: Johannes Gad


text: Show jumping

text: 1956 Summer Olympics

text: European Show Jumping Championships

text: Hickstead

text: Show Jumping World Cup

text: Special Envoy

text: 1992 Summer Olympics

text: Barcelona

text: Ligny

text: Fleurus

text: Belgium

text: Alvaro de Miranda Neto

text: Athina Onassis Miranda

text: Rodrigo Pessoa

text: Rodrigo Pessoa (official)

categories: Equestrians at the 1968 Summer Olympics,1935 births,Olympic equestrians of Brazil,Equestrians at the 1956 Summer Olympics,Equestrians at the 1964 Summer Olympics,Equestrians at the 1992 Summer Olympics,Brazilian male equestrians,Equestrians at the 1972 Summer Olympics,Brazilian show jumping riders,Living people

paragraph: Nelson Pessoa

paragraph: Nelson Pessoa Filho (born December 16, 1935) is a Brazilian equestrian who competed in the sport of Show jumping. He was among the first Brazilian civilians to do well in the sport, as the military had dominated it in the Brazil of that era.

paragraph: Section::::Career highlights.

paragraph: He competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics and came fifth in Equestrian at the 1964 Summer Olympics - Individual jumping. He moved to Europe in 1961. He won the 1966 European Show Jumping Championships and won twice at Hickstead. He came second in the 1984 Show Jumping World Cup, and in 1991 he was again second, riding Special Envoy. In 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona at 56 he was the oldest equestrian, while his 19-year-old son was the youngest.

paragraph: He owns a famous equestrian school at Haras du Ligny in Fleurus, Belgium. His students include Alvaro de Miranda Neto and Athina Onassis Miranda. His son is the Olympic gold medallist Rodrigo Pessoa.

paragraph: His nickname is Neco.

paragraph: He is the founder of Pessoa Brands; the Pessoa lines include their famous saddles, bridles, girths, blankets and tack.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rodrigo Pessoa (official)

description: equestrian

wikidata_label: Nelson Pessoa

wikipedia_title: Nelson Pessoa


text:
Mexican
jazz
Mexican Government
Los Angeles, California
Dick Grove Music School
Jon Crosse
orchestration
Paul Anka
trumpet
Herb Alpert
Mexico City
Eddie Gómez
4

categories: Mexican jazz musicians,Mexican people of French descent,Mexican male composers,Mexican music arrangers,Mexican composers,1954 births,2011 deaths

paragraph: Eugenio Toussaint

paragraph: Eugenio Toussaint Uhtohff (October 9, 1954 – February 8, 2011) was a Mexican composer, arranger and jazz musician.

paragraph: He began playing as a pianist in 1972 with the band "Odradek". In 1975, he took part in the jazz band "Blue Note" (which was also the name of his first album) and a year later he founded the Mexican band "Sacbé", one of the most important Mexican jazz bands. This band started October 2, 1976 and included brothers Enrique Toussaint on bass and Fernando Toussaint on drums, Mexican saxophone player Alejandro Campos was also part of the founding members of the band. In 1979 the band moved to the USA and did some work in Minneapolis with guitar player Will Sumner.

paragraph: In 1980, the Mexican Government gave him a scholarship and he moved to Los Angeles, California to study at the Dick Grove Music School, where he met Jon Crosse, a well established teacher and performer in the Los Angeles area.

paragraph: With Jon Crosse, a new version of Sacbé which was signed by the local Discovery/Trend label. "Street Corner", "Aztlan", and "Dos mundos" were international success.

paragraph: The same year, he studied orchestration with Dr. Albert Harris.

paragraph: He worked with Paul Anka and trumpet player Herb Alpert from 1982 to 1983.

paragraph: He returned to Mexico City in 1986 to compose concert music. He has been active in the worlds of jazz music and classical music. He was nominated for two Latin Grammy Awards for best classical music CD in 2001 with his album Gauguin and in 2004 with his Música de Cámara (Chamber Music).Most recently he released the album Oinos with his jazz trio including world-famous bass player Eddie Gómez and drummer Gabriel Puentes from Chile.

paragraph: A reformed version of Sacbe, as a trio with his two brothers, have performed at the Riviera Maya Jazz Festival, at the Festival International de Jazz de Montréal, at Haitis Port-au-Prince Jazz Festival and at the Philippines Jazz Festival in Manila and at the Java Jazz Festival in Jakarta. He traveled with Doc Severinsen's band (trumpet player that used to be musical conductor for The Tonight Show Band when Johnny Carson was the host), he also established a very important educational website called musycom.com that gives free music lessons over the internet.

paragraph: Eugenio died from an antidepressant's overdose on February 8, 2011 in Mexico City.4

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.eugeniotoussaint.com/

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20091006052706/http://www.ejazznews.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=8762&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.terra.com.mx/ArteyCultura/articulo/1040059/Murio+Eugenio+Toussaint+pianista+y+compositor+mexicano+de+jazz.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.peopleenespanol.com/article/se-suicida-el-jazzista-eugenio-toussaint

description: Mexican musician

wikidata_label: Eugenio Toussaint

wikipedia_title: Eugenio Toussaint


text: prelate

text: Kingdom of Scotland

text: diocese of Brechin

text: Angus

text: Scotland

text: David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon

text: William I of Scotland

text: Brechin

text: precentor

text: Brechin Cathedral

text: Bishop of Brechin

text: Henry de Brechin

text: David of Huntingdon

text: William the Lion

text: Brechin

text: seal

text: Archdeacon of Brechin

text: benefice

text: precentor

text: Brechin Cathedral

text: Bishop of Brechin

text: papal dispensation

text: papal legate

text: Otto of Tonengo

text: Bishop of Porto

text: Pope Innocent IV

text: Gregory

text: cathedral chapter

text: illegitimacy

text: Kingdom of Scotland

text: David de Bernham

text: Bishop of St Andrews

text: William de Bondington

text: Bishop of Glasgow

text: Geoffrey de Liberatione

text: Bishop of Dunkeld

text: Clement

text: Bishop of Dunblane

text: Peter de Ramsay

text: Bishop of Aberdeen

text: charter

text: Forfar

text: Inchaffray Abbey

text: Strathearn

text: diocese of Dunblane

text: vicarage

text: Arbroath Abbey

text: England

text: Finchale Priory

text: Durham

text: indulgence

text: Alexander II of Scotland

text: Alexander III of Scotland

text: minority

text: Walter Comyn

text: the countess of Menteith

text: Alan Durward

text: Donald Watt

text: Abel de Gullane

text: Archdeacon of St Andrews

text: translation

text: St Margaret

text: Dunfermline Abbey

text: assessor

text: Justiciar of Scotia

text: Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan

text: culdee

text: St Andrews Cathedral Priory

text: Richard de Inverkeithing

text: deanery

text: Elgin Cathedral

text: perambulation

text: parish church

text: Dundee

text: rector

text: Lindores Abbey

text: earldom

text: Robert de Stuteville

text: earldom of Mar

text: Montrose

text: Archibald

text: Bishop of Moray

text: visitation

text: Robert

text: Bishop of Ross

text: Walter de Baltrodin

text: Bishop of Caithness

text: papal judge-delegate

text: nepotism

text: collation

text: Abbot of Arbroath

text: Pope Adrian V

text: canons

text: Maison Dieu

text: Chronicle of Melrose

text: Céli Dé

text: Reform

text: English

text: Arabic

text: Carmelite

text: friar

text: martyr

text: Stolbrand

text: Anderson, Alan Orr

text: Dowden, John

text: Steve Boardman

text: "Albin"

text: Watt, D. E. R.

categories: Bishops of Brechin,People from Angus,1269 deaths,13th-century Roman Catholic bishops

paragraph: Albin of Brechin

paragraph: Albin (or Albinus) (died 1269) was a 13th-century prelate of the Kingdom of Scotland. A university graduate, Albin is known for his ecclesiastical career in the diocese of Brechin, centred on Angus in east-central Scotland.

paragraph: Almost certainly a native of Angus, he appears to be a descendant of David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon, brother of King William I of Scotland, through an illegitimate son whom Earl David settled in the area around Brechin.

paragraph: Albin, himself an illegitimate child, made his career as a churchman in the local diocese, and served for some time as precentor of Brechin Cathedral before, in 1246, being elected Bishop of Brechin. He remained Bishop of Brechin until his death in 1269.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Background and early career.

paragraph: Albin's family and origin are unclear. It has been suggested that he may have been a son of Henry de Brechin (died 1244 or 1245), the bastard son of David of Huntingdon ("Earl David") and the younger brother of King William the Lion; Henry bore the title Lord of Brechin, and was given lands there by his father. The strongest evidence of Albin's relationship with Henry is that his episcopal seal bore the arms of Earl David.

paragraph: Albin's family certainly had strong connections in the church of Brechin. A known kinsman ("nepos") of Albin's, Adam, held the position of Archdeacon of Brechin, probably by 1242, but certainly by 1264. It has been suggested that this Adam was Adam de Brechin, probable son of Henry de Brechin's successor William de Brechin (died between 1286 and 1294), who held benefices in the see of Brechin in 1274.

paragraph: Albin became precentor of Brechin Cathedral, the first known person to hold that office; he was not, however, recorded in that position until the summer of 1246, when he was confirmed as Bishop of Brechin. Because Albin was born illegitimately, he needed papal dispensation to hold that office, which he obtained from the papal legate Otto of Tonengo, Bishop of Porto, in the autumn or early winter of 1239, when that legate visited Scotland.

paragraph: By 1246, Albin was styled "Master", indicating that he had completed many years of university study; what he studied, and at which university, is unknown.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Accession to Brechin bishopric.

paragraph: Albin became Bishop of Brechin following an election and then a successful appeal for confirmation to the papacy. Pope Innocent IV's mandate for confirmation gave the details of the election. Following the death of Gregory, Bishop of Brechin, the cathedral chapter selected three of their members to elect the next bishop, and they unanimously forwarded their precentor, Albin. Because of Albin's "defect of birth" (i.e. his illegitimacy), they supplicated the papacy to repeat the earlier dispensation.

paragraph: The Pope followed legate Otto's earlier dispensation, and on 19 July 1246 issued the mandate for confirmation and consecration to the Kingdom of Scotland's three senior bishops: David de Bernham, Bishop of St Andrews; William de Bondington, Bishop of Glasgow; and Geoffrey de Liberatione, Bishop of Dunkeld. The consecration took place some time before 13 May 1247, the date Albin was given his first recorded task as a consecrated bishop, when he, Clement, Bishop of Dunblane, and David de Bernham, Bishop of St Andrews, were authorised to perform the episcopal consecration of Peter de Ramsay as Bishop of Aberdeen.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early episcopate, 1240s.

paragraph: Albin witnessed a royal charter at Forfar on 4 July 1246. In the following year, on 11 July and 8 August 1248, the Pope wrote to Albin commanding him to ensure that a settlement between Inchaffray Abbey in Strathearn, diocese of Dunblane, and Bishop Clement of Dunblane be peacefully kept, with Inchaffray being portrayed as the side in more need of protection.

paragraph: In the same period, he ordained vicarages for Arbroath Abbey in Angus, and on 22 September 1248 settled a long-standing property dispute between the church of Brechin and Arbroath Abbey. However, he had left Scotland by the following month, and was in England, at Finchale Priory near Durham, where he granted many indulgences.

paragraph: Following the death of Alexander II of Scotland on 6 July 1249, the accession of the boy king, Alexander III of Scotland, meant minority administration, and as a result, factional politics. The government during this minority was divided between a faction centred on Walter Comyn, husband of the countess of Menteith, and Alan Durward; the Comyn faction held the ascendancy between 1249 and 1252, and again between 1255 and 1257; the Durward faction held the ascendancy between 1252 and 1255, and again between 1257 and 1258.

paragraph: The available sources give no clue as to Albin's pattern of allegiance in these factional politics, and neither do his recorded activities. Professor Donald Watt has suggested that Albin was probably aligned with the Durward faction, in contrast, for instance, to the allegedly Comyn aligned Clement of Dunblane. Watt even argued that Albin's postulation was probably due to the influence of Alan Durward, who at the time was a close advisor of King Alexander II.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Middle episcopate, 1250s.

paragraph: Despite Albin's suggested Durwardite allegiance, Bishop Albin, Bishop David de Bernham of St Andrews and Abel de Gullane, Archdeacon of St Andrews, issued a letter of protest against the behaviour of the Durward dominated government; they criticised Durward's onslaught on the "liberties of the church", probably in the aftermath of the translation of the relics of St Margaret to Dunfermline Abbey on 19 June 1250.

paragraph: In either 1253 or 1254, Albin was an assessor at a court held by the Justiciar of Scotia, Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan. In April 1253, he summoned Bishop David de Bernham to appear before the papal curia, in order to resolve a dispute he and the culdees of St Mary's were having with St Andrews Cathedral Priory.

paragraph: Albin performed various tasks in this period on behalf of the papacy. On 15 May 1253, Bishop Albin and Richard de Inverkeithing, Bishop of Dunkeld, were appointed to be papal mandatories, and instructed by the papacy to protect Bishop William de Bondington from being summoned to lay courts on account of matters concerning his bishopric.

paragraph: Bishop Albin, with the Archdeacon of Brechin, was named as a papal mandatory again on 4 January 1254 and authorised to put Nicholas de Hedon in possession of the deanery of Elgin Cathedral. Along with Clement of Dunblane, Albin was named by the pope as a conservator of the privileges given to Abel de Gullane, newly provided Bishop of St Andrews, on 23 March.

paragraph: On 22 June, Bishop Albin assisted the justiciar Alexander Comyn in conducting a perambulation in eastern Angus. Albin appears to have left Scotland again some time after this, as he appears active around Durham again in either 1254 or 1255. Back in Scotland, at Arbroath on 21 September 1256, he and Bishop Clement of Dunblane passed judgment on William de Mydford, vicar of the parish church of Dundee, after Mydford had been withholding the revenues due to the church's rector, Lindores Abbey.

paragraph: During this period, Albin was involved in a political controversy regarding succession to an earldom. An alleged papal bull, dated 13 December 1255, had named Bishop Albin as a papal mandatory, along with Robert de Stuteville, with instructions to investigate Alan Durward's claim to the earldom of Mar; however, the bull was denounced as a forgery on 28 March 1257, after Durward's rivals had seized power. During the months preceding this denunciation, Albin was once again out of Scotland; on 4 March 1257 his presence was once again recorded at Durham.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later episcopate, 1260s.

paragraph: For three years, Albin's activities are unreported until, on 30 April 1260, he was recorded as being at Montrose, again as a papal mandatory. He gave judgment on a dispute between Archibald, Bishop of Moray, and the latter's cathedral chapter, concerning the bishop's rights of visitation. On 13 June 1263, Albin, Robert, Bishop of Ross, and Richard de Inverkeithing, Bishop of Dunkeld, were selected by the papacy to judge the fitness and, if appropriate, consecrate Walter de Baltrodin as Bishop of Caithness.

paragraph: In the following year, Albin was involved in a controversy regarding the archdeaconry of Brechin. On 23 January 1364, papal judge-delegates were appointed to investigate allegations of nepotism which had been made against him. The allegations centred on Bishop Albin's handling of a vacancy to the Brechin archdeaconry; Albin had given collation of the archdeaconry to the Abbot of Arbroath, who then appointed Adam, one of Albin's relatives. The outcome of the case is not known, and it is therefore unclear whether or not Adam was deposed as archdeacon. All that can be confirmed is that no other archdeacon is attested by name until 1284.

paragraph: The stay of Cardinal Ottobono Fieschi (later Pope Adrian V) in England from 29 October 1265, until July 1268, led to a great deal of diplomatic activity in the Scottish church, in which Albin was perhaps involved. Cardinal Ottobono imposed a general tax on the English church, which he extended to Scotland. King Alexander III forbade the payment of this money, and appealed to the papacy; but in 1267 the Scottish clergy persuaded Alexander to abandon his appeal, while they made their own reduced payments. Meanwhile, Cardinal Ottobono's legatine council, to which the Scottish church had sent four delegates, promulgated canons for the English church which he expected the Scottish church to incorporate; the Scottish church does not appear to have done so, however.

paragraph: Bishop Albin witnessed William de Brechin's foundation charter of Maison Dieu chapel, Brechin, sometime between March and July 1267, the last known recorded reference to him until 1269. His death in that year was reported in the "Chronicle of Melrose", but without any details of the cause, or location, or Albin's age.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:General notes about Albin's episcopate.

paragraph: During Albin's episcopate, the incorporation of the "Céli Dé" ("vassal of God") into the cathedral chapter was probably brought near to completion. The "Céli Dé" were the Scottish monks who formed the base of the pre-Reform, pre-13th century monastery of Brechin before it was organised into a bishopric in the 12th century. A bull of Pope Innocent IV of 18 February 1250 stated that: These "Céli Dé" had been proclaimed as part of the secular cathedral by an act of Bishop Gregory, Albin's predecessor.

paragraph: During his episcopate, Albin is said to have attracted Egbert, an English Arabic scholar and Carmelite friar, to teach in Brechin. A later tradition held that a now obscure local martyr named Stolbrand, "martyr of Brechin", had been translated to Brechin Cathedral during Albin's episcopate; the date given is 2 January but the year is not recorded.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anderson, Alan Orr, "Early Sources of Scottish History: AD 500–1286", 2 Vols, (Edinburgh, 1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cowan, Ian B. & Easson, David E., "Medieval Religious Houses: Scotland ", Second Edition, (London, 1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dowden, John, "The Bishops of Scotland", ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hammond, Matthew H., "The Durward family in the thirteenth century", in Steve Boardman & Alasdair Ross (eds.), "The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, c.1200–1500", (Dublin, 2003), pp. 118–38

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lindsay, William Alexander, Dowden, John, & Thomson, J. Maitland (eds.), "Charters, bulls and other documents relating to the Abbey of Inchaffray, chiefly from the originals in the charter chest of the Earl of Kinnoull", (Publications of the Scottish History Society ; v. 56; Edinburgh, 1908)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanesby, John Tatam, "Albin", in "The Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, Vol. 1, Part 1", (London, 1842), p. 702

paragraph: BULLET::::- Watt, D. E. R., "A Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Graduates to A. D. 1410", (Oxford, 1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Watt, D. E. R., "Fasti Ecclesiae Scotinanae Medii Aevi ad annum 1638", 2nd Draft, (St Andrews, 1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Watt, D. E. R., "Medieval Church Councils in Scotland", (Edinburgh, 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Young, Alan, "The Political Role of Walter Comyn, Earl of Menteith During the Minority of Alexander III of Scotland", in K. J. Stringer (ed.), "Essays on the nobility of medieval Scotland", (Edinburgh, 1985), pp. 131–49

description: Prelate

wikidata_label: Albin of Brechin

wikipedia_title: Albin of Brechin


text: MC

text: DL

text: British

text: Conservative

text: 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars

text: Middle East

text: Second World War

text: mentioned in despatches

text: Korean War

text: Military Cross

text: House of Lords

text: Harold Macmillan

text: Sir Alec Douglas-Home

text: Lord-in-waiting

text: Member of the European Parliament

text: Deputy Lieutenant

text: West Riding of Yorkshire

text: City of York

text: Sophie Moss

categories: Conservative Party (UK) MEPs,1984 deaths,Recipients of the Military Cross,8th King's Royal Irish Hussars officers,British Army personnel of World War II,MEPs for the United Kingdom 1973–1979,Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,British Army personnel of the Korean War,1916 births,Deputy Lieutenants of the West Riding of Yorkshire

paragraph: Rowland Winn, 4th Baron St Oswald

paragraph: Rowland Denys Guy Winn, 4th Baron St Oswald MC DL (19 September 1916 – 19 December 1984), was a British soldier and Conservative politician.

paragraph: St Oswald was the eldest son of Rowland George Winn, 3rd Baron St Oswald, and his wife Eve Carew, daughter of Charles Greene. He was a Major in the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars and served in the Middle East from 1940 to 1944 and South-East Asia from 1944 to 1945 in the Second World War, where he was wounded and mentioned in despatches. He later fought in the Korean War from 1950 to 1952 where he was awarded the Military Cross.

paragraph: St Oswald succeeded his father in the barony in 1957 and took his seat on the Conservative benches in the House of Lords. He served under Harold Macmillan and Sir Alec Douglas-Home as a Lord-in-waiting (government whip in the House of Lords) from 1959 to 1962 and as Joint Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food from 1962 to 1964. From 1973 to 1984 he was a Member of the European Parliament. He was also a Deputy Lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire and of the City of York.

paragraph: Lord St Oswald married firstly Laurian, daughter of Sir Roderick Jones, in 1952. They were divorced in 1955. He married secondly Maria Wanda, daughter of Sigismund Jaxa-Chamiec, in 1955. She died in 1981. Lord St Oswald survived her by three years and died in December 1984, aged 68. He was succeeded in the barony by his younger brother Derek.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sophie Moss

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). "Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage" (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Rowland Winn, 4th Baron St Oswald

wikipedia_title: Rowland Winn, 4th Baron St Oswald


text: The Hague

text: Livorno

text: Carthage

text: National Museum of Antiquities

text: Leiden

text: Order of the Netherlands Lion

text: archaeological

text: Jean Humbert

text: Dutch Republic

text: Napoleon

text: Batavian Republic

text: Tunisia

text: Antoine Nijssen

text: Tunis

text: history of the country

text: language of Tunisia

text: Third Punic War

text: stela

text: Kingdom of the Netherlands

text: plague

text: archaeology

text: Caspar Reuvens

text: guilder

text: Utica

text: Order of the Netherlands Lion

text: National Museum of Antiquities

text: Rottiers Collection

text: Royal Institute

text: Italy

text: Livorno

categories: Knights of the Order of the Netherlands Lion,1771 births,Carthage,1839 deaths,Dutch archaeologists,People from The Hague

paragraph: Jean Emile Humbert

paragraph: Jean Emile Humbert (23 July 1771 in The Hague – 20 February 1839 in Livorno) was a Dutch lieutenant-colonel who can be credited with rediscovering ancient Carthage. As an agent for the Dutch government he procured vital parts of the collection of the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden. Humbert was awarded the Order of the Netherlands Lion for his archaeological work.

paragraph: Section::::1796 to 1821.

paragraph: Humbert was a son of Jean Humbert, a Dutch painter of Swiss and French extraction. His brother David Pierre Giottino Humbert de Superville was a well-known artist and scholar.

paragraph: As an officer in the army of the Dutch Republic he was faced with the political unrest of the Napoleon era. When in 1795 the Dutch Republic was transformed by revolutionaries into the Batavian Republic, Humbert refused to serve the new state and found his way to an engineering project in Tunisia.

paragraph: In North Africa Humbert stayed with Antoine Nijssen, the Dutch consul for Tunisia. Humbert fell in love with the consul's daughter, Thérèse, and would marry her in 1801. During these years the new harbour for Tunis was built, and when the commanding officer of the project left the country for good, Humbert took charge.

paragraph: During his lengthy stay in Tunisia, Humbert became fascinated with the history of the country. He started collecting antiquities, and began compiling notes about the history, customs and language of Tunisia. He took a special interest in the peninsula near Tunis where the ancient city of Carthage had once been. Although the location of Roman Carthage was known, the exact location of Punic Carthage was a matter of dispute. After the Third Punic War the Romans had completely destroyed the site. When a century later a new Roman colony was built, all Punic remains would be swamped in the later architecture. Humbert studied the area, drew an accurate map and escorted many travelers who visited the area. This led to him becoming an expert on the topography of the ancient site.

paragraph: In 1817 Humbert made a monumental discovery when a plowing farmer stumbled upon four Punic stelae and two fragments with Punic inscriptions on them. These were the first complete Carthaginian remains discovered since antiquity. In 1821, already back in the Netherlands, Humbert would publish the finds.

paragraph: Now that the Batavian Republic had collapsed and was replaced with the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Humbert could return to his homeland. While he was gone, disaster would strike in his household back in Tunisia. Humbert's daughter and son-in-law died because of the plague and his house had to be burned down. Humbert and his wife had not only lost their loved ones, but were financially devastated as well.

paragraph: When returning to the Netherlands, Humbert hoped to get his new assignment to the Indies overturned. He also tried to sell his remaining possessions, most notably his collection of antiquities. Through his contacts he met with archaeology professor Caspar Reuvens. Reuvens would prove to be enthusiastic about Humbert's knowledge of ancient Carthage, and welcomed the collection of antiquities. He valued the artefacts at 17,000 guilders. Humbert's assignment in the Indies was changed into a major's pension without assignment, so that Humbert was now free to work on archaeological projects.

paragraph: Section::::First archaeological expedition.

paragraph: Between 1822 and 1824 Humbert would go on his first archaeological expedition for the Dutch government. Reuvens wished to publish about Carthage, and with that be the first to do a serious large scale study about the city. He repeatedly noted how Carthage had been of huge importance in antiquity, but was not yet studied in modernity. Humbert was asked to conduct excavations at Carthage, buy antiquities unearthed at nearby Utica, collect Punic material and work on plans, drawings and sketches.

paragraph: The Dutch Department of Education, Arts and Sciences arranged for the expedition and financed it. Humbert received an increase in his pension, and was given funds for the excavations and purchases. At this time Humbert was awarded with the Order of the Netherlands Lion, both as a reward for his troubles and in order to impress the Tunisians.

paragraph: After securing a positive relationship with the ruler in Tunis, Humbert set his mind on the purchase of nine sculptures discovered at Utica. Unfortunately a top piece in the group was sold and shipped to Denmark, but Humbert managed to procure the other eight statues. These still form an essential part of the current collection in Leiden, at the National Museum of Antiquities.

paragraph: Humbert continued to collect antiquities and went on to conduct numerous excavations. All of these excavations were small though, the longest one lasting only two weeks. Though there certainly were finds, none of the artifacts were very special. Most notable about these excavations is the level of precision with which Humbert conducted them, making notes and impressive drawings.

paragraph: Upon returning to the Netherlands late 1824, Humbert delivered sixty-five crates full of art and artifacts. Professor Reuvens was pleased with the additions to the collection, but wanted a second expedition.

paragraph: Humbert was not at all happy to have to return to Tunisia. During the last expedition he had become increasingly depressed with the work and climate. He hoped to remain closer to home, or at least not return to the North African coast. Egypt was monopolized by France and England however, and colonel Rottiers was already working in Greece (see Rottiers Collection).

paragraph: Reuvens won out, arguing that Humbert knew the area the best and that much more research into the Carthaginian peninsula was needed. In the summer of 1825 a royal decree decided on a second expedition, lasting four years. Humbert was at this point promoted to lieutenant-colonel.

paragraph: In 1825 Humbert was made correspondent of the Royal Institute.

paragraph: Section::::Second archaeological expedition.:Etruscan antiquities.

paragraph: Humbert traveled to Italy from where he would take a ship to Tunisia. Arriving in the spring of 1826 however, Humbert argued that the summer in Tunisia would be too hot to excavate. Combining that argument with the raging anti-Christian sentiments among the Tunisians, Humbert persuaded Reuvens to allow him a delay of four months. Staying in Livorno, he began collecting Etruscan antiquities and soon bought six urns.

paragraph: These six urns would cause some commotion because Etruscan art was hardly known outside Italy at that point. Reuvens judged three of them to be fake, and had serious doubts about one. Humbert was not very happy with this verdict, being sure himself that the six urns were all genuine. He responded by composing a dossier about the discovery of the urns, and enlisted the aid of Italian archaeologists. Humbert had numerous compelling arguments and even proposed to ship the urns back to Italy for a public debate. The relationship between Reuvens and Humbert was considerably cooler for a while as a result of this incident, though eventually their friendship returned. Humbert would buy more urns, this time all with certificates of authenticity.

paragraph: An important opportunity came when a large collection of Etruscan antiquities was offered for sale. The collection was known as the Museo Corazzi, and consisted of over 500 artifacts. Most of these were bronzes and Etruscan. Reuvens was interested in the Corazzi collection, because the study of the relatively unknown Etruscans could push Italian history back considerably. Taxating the group proved difficult though, since there were no masterpieces but Etruscan art was rare. The requested price for the collection had dropped from 60.000 guilders to 38.000, but this was still a huge amount of money and Etruscan antiquities lay outside the scope of the expedition which was supposed to be in Tunisia.

paragraph: The decision to buy or not was left to the Dutch government, where discussion and correspondence took place between the king, various ministers and professor Reuvens. Financial difficulties in the Corazzi family led to the collection being offered for 5.000 guilders less, and Humbert boldly sealed the deal without permission to buy. Making clear that this was not the way things were supposed to go, the Dutch government permitted the buy after it was in fact made. The deal was not regretted, for the collection started Etruscan studies in the Netherlands.

paragraph: Humbert around this time also bought a smaller collection of Roman, Egyptian and Punic antiquities, and shipped everything to the Netherlands.

paragraph: Section::::Second archaeological expedition.:Egyptian antiquities.

paragraph: Humbert still remained in Livorno and did not cross to the destination of his second expedition, Tunisia. After considerably adding to the museums collection through buying the Etruscan antiquities, Humbert would again add an impressive amount of artifacts to the National Museum of Antiquities.

paragraph: Maria Cimba, a widow, offered the Egyptian collection of her deceased husband for 14.000 guilders. Humbert had permission to offer 8.000 guilders, but someone else offerend 9.000 and the collection was sold. The other buyer could not assemble the money in time though, and Humbert managed to buy the collection for a mere 5.000 guilders. 335 Egyptian pieces were now owned by the Dutch.

paragraph: A while after the purchase of the Cimba collection, a much more impressive group of Egyptian pieces was offered for sale. The more than 5600 artifacts were owned by Jean d'Anasty, a very wealthy merchant of good reputation. Humbert inspected the impressive collection and sent Reuvens the catalogue of over 110 pages. Reuvens enlisted the aid of the Dutch ambassador in Rome. The enormous amount of 200,000 guilders was asked for this collection, and negotiations would be intense.

paragraph: Reuvens tried to evaluate the worth of the collection by comparing it to other large recently sold collections. Though the statues of the Anasty collection were not very impressive, there were some mummies and especially the large amount of papyri made the collection worth having. The Dutch opening bids of 50.000 guilders and then 70.000 were angrily rejected, and a representative was sent to the Netherlands to speak with Reuvens. It was clear that the negotiations were beyond Humbert at this point. Humbert was not happy with the way things were going, and thought Reuvens' taxation was much too low. Reuvens had meanwhile upgraded his estimation of the value.

paragraph: In February 1828 Humbert offered the maximum he was allowed to offer, 200.000 francs or roughly 100,000 guilders. It would be yet another offer rejected out of hand, although by this time the asking price had been lowered to 300.000 francs and some objects were added to the collection.

paragraph: Reuvens at this point thought that 150.000 guilders, or 300.000 francs, was a fair price. The king was not pleased however. 300.000 francs was too much to spend on antiquities, and an official maximum was set on 230.000 francs. Bypassing the consul in Rome, news of this was sent directly to Humbert who made the offer. Prospects were bleak, and no-one expected that the collection would be sold for the rough equivalent of 115.000 guilders. It is a mystery why, but Anasty accepted the offer and after a year of intense negotiations the collection was in the hands of the Dutch government.

paragraph: On the first day of 1829 the antiquities arrived in Leiden, and Humbert received another three items as a gift by d'Anasty. These items were offered by d'Anasty before the deal was closed, but had been kept secret by his agents in Italy. Humbert was told of it by one of them though, and confronted the other one. A Byzantine helmet, a Greek manuscript and a Greek-Demotic bilingual papyrus were added to the collection.

paragraph: The second Egyptian acquisition would be the largest sum the government would ever pay, and was the largest deal of Humberts career. There remained one and a half year of time set for the expedition though. Professor Reuvens at this point understood that Humbert had no serious plans to go to North Africa and hoped to make use of Humbert as an agent in Italy. He made a few more minor purchases and returned to the Netherlands early in the 1830s.

paragraph: Section::::Life after the expeditions.

paragraph: Humbert returned to the Netherlands and began working on a publication about Carthage, trying to decipher the notes of the deceased Borgia. No plans of a third expedition ever came near to success however, and Humbert decided to return to Italy to live on his military pension. He would return once more to the Netherlands, but by that time was a sickly man. In 1839 Humbert died in Italy, bequeathing his private collection of antiquities to the Leiden museum. His gravestone claims the discovery of Carthage.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading and external links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Halbertsma, R. B. (1996). "The King's Collector: The Archaeological Travels of Jean Emile Humbert", Aurora

paragraph: BULLET::::- Halbertsma, R. B. (2003). "Scholars, Travellers, and Trade: The Pioneer Years of the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden, 1818-1840", Routledge, p. 71-111

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article by co-operating museums about Humbert (in Dutch)

description: Dutch archaeologist

wikidata_label: Jean Emile Humbert

wikipedia_title: Jean Emile Humbert


text:
Mizoguchi Naoatsu
Mizoguchi Naoyasu
Matsudaira Tadachika
Tatebayashi Domain
Shōgun
Tokugawa Ienari
koku
Echigo Province
kokudaka
Mutsu Province
Kisshō-ji
Sagawa Nagahiro
Hitoyoshi Domain
Mizoguchi clan
"Shibata-han" on "Edo 300 HTML"

categories: 1802 deaths,Tozama daimyo,1778 births,Mizoguchi clan

paragraph: Mizoguchi Naotoki

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mizoguchi Naotoki was the grandson of Mizoguchi Naoatsu and was adopted by his uncle Mizoguchi Naoyasu as his successor in 1786. His mother was a daughter of Matsudaira Tadachika of Tatebayashi Domain. Due to his youth, Naoyasu continued to rue the domain from retirement. He was received in formal audience by Shōgun Tokugawa Ienari in 1788. However, in 1789, the domain was ordered to exchange 20,000 "koku" of its territories in Echigo Province with an equivalent "kokudaka" of territory scattered widely across three districts of Mutsu Province. Although the nominal "kokudaka" was the same, this discontiguous territories were remote, unimproved and this order was thus a tremendous financial burden on the domain. Naotoki died in Edo in 1802 at the age of 26. His grave is at the temple of Kisshō-ji in Tokyo.

paragraph: Naoyasu was married to a daughter of Sagawa Nagahiro of Hitoyoshi Domain, and had 2 sons and 1 daughter.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mizoguchi clan

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shibata-han" on "Edo 300 HTML" )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The content of much of this article was derived from that of the corresponding article on Japanese Wikipedia."

description: Japanese daimyō

wikidata_label: Mizoguchi Naotoki

wikipedia_title: Mizoguchi Naotoki


text:
Canadian
Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures
Quebec
SOCAN Songwriting Prize
punk rock
Franz Schubert
Winterreise

wikipedia_title:
Canada
Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures
Quebec
SOCAN Songwriting Prize
Punk rock
Franz Schubert
Winterreise

categories: Canadian rock singers,French-language singers of Canada,Singers from Quebec,People from Capitale-Nationale,21st-century Canadian singers,Living people

paragraph: Keith Kouna

paragraph: Keith Kouna is the stage name of Sylvain Côté, a Canadian rock singer and songwriter from Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures, Quebec. He is most noted for winning the SOCAN Songwriting Prize in the French division for his song "Batiscan" in 2013.

paragraph: Kouna was first active in music as the lead vocalist for the punk rock band Les Goules. He released his solo debut album "Les Années monsieur" in 2008, and followed up with "Du plaisir et des bombes" in 2012. Following his award win for "Batiscan", he released "Le voyage d’hiver", an album which reimagined and reinterpreted Franz Schubert's "Winterreise".

paragraph: Les Goules reunited for a new album in 2016. Kouna then released his most recent solo album, "Bonsoir shérif", in 2017.

wikidata_label: Keith Kouna

wikipedia_title: Keith Kouna


text:
Mizoguchi Naotoki
rōjū
Yoshida Domain
koku
Echigo Province
Mutsu Province
Shōgun
Tokugawa Ienari
jōkamachi
Tenpō famine
Edo
Japanese tea ceremony
Kisshō-ji
Asano Narikata
Hiroshima Domain
Mizoguchi clan

wikipedia_title:
Mizoguchi Naotoki
Rōjū
Yoshida Domain
Koku
Echigo Province
Mutsu Province
Shōgun
Tokugawa Ienari
Jōkamachi
Tenpō famine
Edo
Japanese tea ceremony
Kisshō-ji
Asano Narikata
Hiroshima Domain
Mizoguchi clan

categories: 1858 deaths,Tozama daimyo,1799 births,Mizoguchi clan

paragraph: Mizoguchi Naoaki

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mizoguchi Naoaki was the eldest son of Mizoguchi Naotoki and became "daimyō" at the age of four on his father's death. Due to his youth, the "rōjū" Matsudaira Nobuakira of Yoshida Domain served as regent until 1813. This was the same person who had earlier punished the domain by transferring 20,000 "koku" of its holdings in Echigo Province to a scattering of holdings in Mutsu Province. Naoaki was received in formal audience by Shōgun Tokugawa Ienari in 1814. In 1808, the domain was ordered to dispatch persons with knowledge of artillery to Sado Island to strengthen the defenses of that island against incursions by foreign ships, and the domain was ordered to send reinforcements to Sado in 1810. Once Naoaki took control of the domain, he revived his predecessors fiscal austerity programmes; however, due to a fire which burned down much of the Shibata "jōkamachi", the Sanjō earthquake and the Tenpō famine, he was not able to make much progress in reforming the financial situation of the domain. However, in 1823, the domain received 8000 "koku" of former "tenryō" lands in Echigo Province, and a further 2000 "koku" in 1828 and 1830 in exchange for the 13,000 "koku" of holdings scattered across Mutsu.

paragraph: In 1838, Naoaki retired, and lived in Edo to his death in 1858. In his retirement, he establish a school in Tokyo and wrote several works on various topics including education, maritime defense and the theory of labor. He was also a practitioner of the Japanese tea ceremony. His grave is at the temple of Kisshō-ji in Tokyo.

paragraph: Naoaki was married to a daughter of Asano Narikata of Hiroshima Domain, and after her death, remarried to her younger sister. He had a total of 12 sons and 15 daughters.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mizoguchi clan

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: Japanese daimyō

wikidata_label: Mizoguchi Naoaki

wikipedia_title: Mizoguchi Naoaki


text:
Karanganyar
Indonesia
30 September Movement
Central Java
Japanese Occupation
Jakarta
Indonesian Army
Gatot Soebroto
London
Bandung
30 September Movement
Menteng
Central Jakarta
Sukarno
Lubang Buaya

wikipedia_title: Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies

categories: 1922 births,Indonesian generals,People from Central Java,1965 deaths

paragraph: Sutoyo Siswomiharjo

paragraph: Sutoyo Siswomiharjo (Born in Karanganyar 28 August 1922 – 1 October 1965) was an Indonesian general who was kidnapped and later murdered during the attempted coup by the 30 September Movement.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Sutoyo was born in Karanganyar, Kebumen, Central Java. He finished school before the Japanese invasion in 1942, and during the Japanese Occupation, he studied governmental administration in Jakarta. He then worked as a government employee in Purworejo, but resigned in 1944.

paragraph: Section::::Career with the Indonesian military.

paragraph: After the Indonesian Declaration of Independence in 1945, Sutoyo joined the Police section of the People's Security Army (TKR), the forerunner of the Indonesian Army. This then became the Indonesian Military Police. In June 1946, he was appointed adjutant to Colonel Gatot Soebroto, commander of the Army Police. He rose steadily through the ranks within the Military Police, and in 1954 became chief of staff at Military Police Headquarters. He held this position for two years before being posted to London to serve as the assistant military attaché at the Indonesian embassy. After training at the Army Staff College in Bandung from 1959–1960, he was appointed acting Army judicial inspector, then because of his legal experience, in 1961 he was appointed to the post of judge advocate general of the Army.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: According to the official account by the Government of Indonesia, he was kidnapped in the early hours of 1 October 1965. Members of the 30 September Movement led by Sergeant Major Surono entered Sutoyo's house on Jalan Sumenep, Menteng, Central Jakarta. They gained entry through a garage at the side of the house. They forced his maid to hand over the key, entered the house and told Sutoyo he had been summoned by President Sukarno. They then took him to their base at Lubang Buaya. There, he was killed and his body thrown into a disused well. Like those of his other murdered colleagues, his body was recovered on 4 October and he was given a state funeral the next day. He was posthumously promoted to Major General and made a Hero of the Revolution.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anderson, Benedict R O'G & McVey, Ruth (1971), "A Preliminary Analysis of the October 1, 1965 Coup in Indonesia", Modern Indonesian project Southeast Asian Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bachtiar, Harsja W. (1988), "Siapa Dia?: Perwira Tinggi Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat (Who is S/He?: Senior Officers of the Indonesian Army)", Penerbit Djambatan, Jakarta,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mutiara Sumber Widya (publisher)(1999) "Album Pahlawan Bangsa (Album of National Heroes)", Jakarta

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia (1975) "30 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka: Jilid 3 (1965-1973) (30 Years of Indonesian Independence: Volume 3 (1965-1973)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secretariat Negara Republik Indonesia (1994) "Gerakan 30 September Pemberontakan Partai Komunis Indonesia: Latar Belakang, Aksi dan Penumpasannya (The 30 September Movement/Communist Party of Indonesia: Bankground, Actions and its Annihilation)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sudarmanto, Y.B. (1996) "Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan dari Sultan Agung hingga Syekh Yusuf (The Footsteps of Heroes from Sultan Agung to Syekh Yusuf"), Penerbit Grasindo, Jakarta

description: Indonesian general

wikidata_label: Sutoyo Siswomiharjo

wikipedia_title: Sutoyo Siswomiharjo


text:
Italian
cardinal
Florence
Bishop of Rapolla
see of Florence
Angelo Acciaioli
Pope Urban VI
Clement VII
Benedict XIII
Pope Boniface IX
Kingdom of Naples
Hungary
Peloponnese
Ladislaus of Naples
Pope Innocent VII
Pisa

wikipedia_title:
Italy
Cardinal (Catholic Church)
Florence
Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapolla
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence
Angelo Acciaioli (bishop)
Pope Urban VI
Antipope Clement VII
Antipope Benedict XIII
Pope Boniface IX
Kingdom of Naples
Hungary
Peloponnese
Ladislaus of Naples
Pope Innocent VII
Pisa

categories: Deans of the College of Cardinals,Diplomats of the Holy See,1408 deaths,15th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Acciaioli family,Italian cardinals,People from Florence,Cardinal-bishops of Ostia,14th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Latin Archbishops of Patras,1349 births

paragraph: Angelo II Acciaioli

paragraph: Angelo II Acciaioli (15 April 1349 - 31 May 1408) was an Italian Catholic cardinal.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Florence, Angelo was elected Bishop of Rapolla in 1375, but in 1383 he was transferred to the see of Florence where he had been preceded by a previous family member many years before, Angelo Acciaioli. He was promoted to the cardinalate on 17 December 1384 by Pope Urban VI. He defended legality of the election of Urban VI and his successors against the claims of the antipopes Clement VII and Benedict XIII. In the Papal conclave, 1389 he was actively working on being elected to the papacy, but an anonymous narrative of the Conclave accuses him of simony (bribery), managing thereby to acquire six votes of the thirteen cardinals in the Conclave. Legate of Pope Boniface IX in the Kingdom of Naples in 1390 and in Hungary in 1403. He served as the Latin Archbishop of Patras, and hence ruler of a virtually independent domain in the northwestern Peloponnese, from 1395 to 1400.

paragraph: Angelo crowned king Ladislaus of Naples. He reformed the Benedictine monastery S. Paolo fuori le mura in Rome and participated in the papal conclave, 1404. Newly elected Pope Innocent VII named him archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican Basilica (shortly after 4 December 1404), Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia e Velletri (12 June 1405), Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals (12 June 1405), and finally Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church (on 29 August 1405). He presided over the papal conclave, 1406. He died in Pisa at the age of 59. His remains were transferred to the Carthusian monastery in Florence.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Florentine church", Archbishop Curia, Florence 1970.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pompeo Litta, "Acciaioli di Firenze," in Famiglie Celebri Italiane, 1830-45.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Curzio Ugurgieri della Berardenga, "Gli Acciaioli di Firenze nella Luce de' Loro Tempi", Leo Olschki, 1962.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martin Souchon: "Die Papstwahlen in der Zeit des grossen Schismas", Verlag von Benno Goeritz, 1888

description: cardinal

wikidata_label: Angelo Acciaioli II

wikipedia_title: Angelo II Acciaioli