text:
Kannada
Mankuthimmana Kagga
Mankuthimmana Kagga
Marula Muniyana Kagga
Mankuthimmana Kagga
Mankuthimmana Kagga
Srimad BhagavadGeeta Tatparya
Sahitya Akademi Award
Kannada Sahitya Sammelana
Gopalakrishna Gokhale
Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs
Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs
Basavanagudi
Masti Venkatesa Iyengar
S. R. Ramaswamy
Government of India
Kannada literature
Bengaluru
Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs
India Post
Bugle Rock Park
Basavanagudi
Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs
B. G. L. Swamy

wikipedia_title: List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Kannada

categories: Translators of Omar Khayyám,20th-century Indian translators,20th-century Indian poets,People from Kolar district,1975 deaths,20th-century Indian philosophers,Kannada poets,Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education,Indian male writers,Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Kannada,Kannada-language writers,1887 births

paragraph: D. V. Gundappa

paragraph: Devanahalli Venkataramanaiah Gundappa (17 March 1887 – 7 October 1975), popularly known as DVG, was a Kannada writer and philosopher. His most notable work is the "Mankuthimmana Kagga" ("Dull Thimma's Rigmarole", 1943), which is similar to the wisdom poems of the late medieval poet Sarvajna.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.:Poetry.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vasantha Kusumanjali" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nivedana" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kavite"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Umarana Osage"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mankuthimmana Kagga"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marula Muniyana Kagga"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shri Rama PareekShaNaM"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Antahpura Geete"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Geetha Shaakuntala"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kethaki Vana" (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gauravisu Jeevanava"

paragraph: Section::::Publications.:Essays.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jeevana saundarya mattu saahitya"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saahitya Shakti"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baaligondu Nambike"

paragraph: Section::::Publications.:Drama (ನಾಟಕ).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vidhyaranya Vijaya"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jack ked"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Macbeth"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kanakaaluka"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tilottamey"

paragraph: Section::::Publications.:Biography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Diwan Rangacharlu"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gopalakrishna Gokhale"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vidyaranyara Samakaleenaru"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jnapaka chitra shaale 1" to "Jnapaka chitra shaale 6"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Halavu mahaneeyaru"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mysorina Divanaru"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kalopasakaruu"

paragraph: Section::::Publications.:Political science.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rajyanga Tattvagalu"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rajakeeya Prasangagalu 1 & 2"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rajya Shastra"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vrutta Patrike"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Principles of Constitution"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Probity in Public Life"

paragraph: Section::::Publications.:Spiritual.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Purushasookta"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Devaru"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rutha, Satya mattu Dharma"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ishopanishat"

paragraph: Section::::Publications.:Children's literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Indravajra"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bekkoji"

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Published in 1943, Mankuthimmana Kagga is one of the best known of the major literary works in Kannada. The title of this work can be translated as "Dull Thimma's Rigmarole". Facing life's challenges with cheerfulness, understanding everything as a divine play, recognizing our own and others needs, honoring human aspirations and dreams, working for noble causes and above all, dissolving our ego in mature thinking are among the great thoughts that the Kagga offers. Countless similes, metaphors and multitude of choice expressions make the reading of the Kagga thoroughly delightful. Translated twice into English, this work has its renderings in Hindi and Sanskrit too. Throwing light on life in its various aspects, this inspiring literature sends out a positive message to all: live, learn, grow and be a blessing to your surroundings. DVG was a titan among Kannada writers, says Ranganatha Sharma. Though DVG only completed matriculation, he gained tremendous knowledge to become a preeminent literary name in Karnataka. DVG's concern for society was incomparable and he was one of the great persons to serve ‘Kannadanadu’.

paragraph: D. V. G wrote a sequel to "Mankuthimmana Kagga", known as "Marula Muniyana Kagga". Marula Muniyana Kagga is practically the extension of Mankuthimmana Kagga. These are the stray poems of DVG which have been collected together and published after his death. There are 825 poems in this book, 120 poems less than the number of poems in Kagga.

paragraph: He also wrote "Srimad BhagavadGeeta Tatparya", also known as "Jeevana Dharma Yoga", which has received the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1967. Jeevanadharmayoga (yoga of everyday life) is an extraordinary piece of literature, which provides great solace and at the same time makes a commoner realize values of life, D.V.G has turned the great Hindu philosophical work into a common man's handbook of useful life.

paragraph: Vasantha Kusumanjali was the first collection of poems of DVG. Poems on popular personalities such as nationalists, social reformers, administrators, philanthropists and their activities have been included in this collection. The pen pictures of Tilak, Gokhale, Rabindranath Tagore, Visveswaraiah, Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Gandhi highlight the characteristic qualities of the personalities depicted.

paragraph: On the occasion of his birth centenary, all his works compiled in eleven volumes titled "D.V.G. Kriti Shreni", are jointly published by Department of Kannada and Culture and Karnataka Sahitya Academy. Very ably edited by late Dr. Ha.Ma. Nayak the volumes were published between 1990 and 2000. A second edition was brought out in 2005 CE.

paragraph: DVG served as the president of the 18th Kannada Sahitya Sammelana (Literary Conference) held in Madikeri in 1932.

paragraph: DVG was a pioneer in writing biography in Kannada. He knew well that human traits were basic material for both creative writing and writing of biography. The book "Dadabhai Navaroji" that he wrote in 1950 is in a way his experiment with biographical writing. The first biography of Rangacharlu by DVG virtually reveals the author's abounding interest in politics, his deep public sympathy and his faith firmly rooted in democracy. These very values of the author were reiterated in his second biography of "Gopalakrishna Gokhale".

paragraph: Other than the biography of Diwan Rangacharlu, the biography of Gopalakrishna Gokhale by DVG is a much appreciated one. Gopalakrishna Gokhale had immense influence on DVG. He was in total agreement with Gokhale's principle, namely, "Public life must be spiritualized". This very fact led him to found the Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs later. In the preface to the biography, DVG wrote "I have written this book to enuciate some principles, ends and means in which I have full faith, implementation of which would do good to the people and society."

paragraph: Gokhale lived a frugal life. This quality along with the undivided commitment to finish the works being undertaken, heavily influenced DVG throughout his life. The biography of Gokhale saw many reprints and it was also prescribed as a textbook. Selected lectures of Gokhale were later added to it.

paragraph: DVG founded the Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs GIPA) located in Bull Temple Road, Basavanagudi and promoted fine arts of India. Sri Nittoor Srinivasa Rao, The then Chief Justice of Karnataka, Masti Venkatesa Iyengar, V.T.Srinivasan, the Principal of Vijaya College, Bengaluru were some of his close associates.

paragraph: DVG died on 7 October 1975. The road where his residence existed in Nagasandra road has been renamed as DVG Road in Basavanagudi.

paragraph: Section::::Journalism.

paragraph: DVG started his career in journalism in 1906–07. He started Kannada newspapers "Bharat" and "Karnataka". DVG started a weekly called "Sumathi" and a publication division called "Sumathi Granthamale" under which a dozen small books were published in the course of eight months. The biography of Diwan Rangacharlu was highly appreciated out of these."The Karnataka" started off as an English magazine to be published twice every week. With Diwan Visveswaraih's help, he published the first issue of "The Karnataka" on 2 April 1913. After about a year, "The Karnataka" started publishing articles in Kannada. Many important books got an opening in the paper. The English paper earned him a lot of respect and honour from all quarters. DVG was forced to close the paper in 1921 due to want of sufficient support.

paragraph: The book called "Vrutta Patrike" which was published in 1928 contained the codified quintessence of newspaper publication.

paragraph: Among his books, the one on "Political Science" published in 1952 can be said to be his tour de force. The rich experience he earned through years of keen observation of state administration, deep study of books of important western political thinkers and his own political formulations have gone into the making of this book. This is the first book of its kind to be published in Kannada. It deals with a variety of subjects relating to formation of state, characteristics of a responsible government, the concept of freedom, freedom of the people, weaknesses of democracy, impact of franchise, fundamental rights and economic policies and principles. A comprehensive coverage apart, the book contained forthright expression of opinions, and is occupying libraries even now as an ideal book of reference for students of political science. In fact, D. V. Gundappa established the Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs (GIPA) at Bengaluru to facilitate a central meeting place for intellectuals, common folk, people with dissenting ideas and ideologies and critics to assemble under one roof to deliberate upon and discuss social issues with a democratic spirit. Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs is today chaired and managed by noted intellectual, writer and journalist S. R. Ramaswamy who shared a close proximity to D. V. G. for several years.

paragraph: A nationalist shall not merely have control over the weaknesses of political nature but would cultivate the qualities of politeness and cordiality. Power without the fear of inquiry is like pickles without salt that would degenerate into a pit of worms, according to DVG. The fear of inquiry is the bodyguard of power administration. DVG has also written two books of the same genre, namely, "Principles of Constitution" and "Probity in Public Life".

paragraph: The first book traces the development of political science in the west in comparison with its growth in the east. It prescribes a standard of minimum education required for administration and citizens. The second one explains in delicate terms the political situation obtaining at present. It is normal nature of man not to exert himself. "Be relaxed, not to bother yourself, let it happen whatever that happens."

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honours.

paragraph: Gundappa was awarded Padmabhushan by the Government of India in 1974. The State of Karnataka under Chief Minister Sri Veerandra Patil honored him for his services to Kannada literature in 1970 at Ravindra Kalkshetra, Bengaluru and awarded a purse of Rs 90,000. DVG donated the entire award money to the Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs. India Post issued a commemorative stamp of Dr. Gundappa in 1988.

paragraph: In 2003, a statue was erected to honor DVG in Bugle Rock Park, Basavanagudi.

paragraph: Section::::e-Publications.

paragraph: Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs has brought out all publications of D. V. Gundappa in the form of eBooks..

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- B. G. L. Swamy

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs

paragraph: BULLET::::- eBooks of D. V. Gundappa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Letters and Correspondences of D.V. Gundappa

paragraph: BULLET::::- D.V. Gundappa

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Gita for Every Man

alias:
Devanahalli Venkataramanaiah Gundappa
DVG

description: Indian writer

enwikiquote_title: D. V. Gundappa

wikidata_label: D. V. Gundappa

wikipedia_title: D. V. Gundappa


text:
gridiron football
wide receiver
free agent
Saskatchewan Roughriders
Canadian Football League
Carolina Panthers
undrafted free agent
college football
Louisiana-Lafayette
Pittsburgh Steelers
Green Bay Packers
Hartford Colonials
2009 NFL Draft
Carolina Panthers
practice squad
Pittsburgh Steelers
practice squad
Green Bay Packers
Saskatchewan Roughriders
Haiti
Carolina Panthers bio
Pittsburgh Steelers bio
Saskatchewan Roughriders bio

categories: Sportspeople from Boca Raton, Florida,American sportspeople of Haitian descent,Pittsburgh Steelers players,Players of American football from Florida,American football wide receivers,Hartford Colonials players,1985 births,Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football players,Saskatchewan Roughriders players,Tampa Bay Storm players,Carolina Panthers players,Living people

paragraph: Jason Chery

paragraph: Jason Chery (born May 31, 1985) is an American professional gridiron football wide receiver who is currently a free agent. He most recently played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League. He was signed by the Carolina Panthers as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Louisiana-Lafayette.

paragraph: Chery has also been a member of the Pittsburgh Steelers, Green Bay Packers and Hartford Colonials.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Carolina Panthers.

paragraph: After going undrafted in the 2009 NFL Draft, Chery was signed by the Carolina Panthers on May 1, 2009. He was waived on September 5 and re-signed to the practice squad the following day. The Panthers released Chery from the practice squad on October 12.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Pittsburgh Steelers.

paragraph: Chery was signed to the Pittsburgh Steelers' practice squad on December 23, 2009. Chery was signed to the active roster on January 6, 2010.

paragraph: He was waived on June 15, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Green Bay Packers.

paragraph: Chery signed with the Green Bay Packers on August 5, 2010. He then was released September 4, 2010 right before the start of the 2010 Season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Saskatchewan Roughriders.

paragraph: Chery signed with the Saskatchewan Roughriders on January 30, 2012. He was released during training camp on June 17, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Chery is of Haitian descent.

paragraph: Chery attended Spanish River High School in Boca Raton, Florida where he lettered in football and wrestling.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carolina Panthers bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pittsburgh Steelers bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saskatchewan Roughriders bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Jason Chery

wikipedia_title: Jason Chery


text:
ancient Egypt
God's Wife of Amun
21st dynasty
Pinedjem I
Duathathor-Henuttawy
Ramesses XI
20th dynasty
Henuttawy D
Menkheperre
Luxor temple
Henuttawy B
Mutnedjmet
Karnak
DB320
shawabti

categories: Ancient Egyptian mummies,11th-century BC women,People of the Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt,Ancient Egyptian priestesses

paragraph: Maatkare Mutemhat

paragraph: Maatkare "(Mutemhat)" was an ancient Egyptian high priestess, a God's Wife of Amun during the 21st dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: She was the daughter of High Priest of Amun Pinedjem I, who was the "de facto" ruler of Southern Egypt from 1070 BCE onwards, then proclaimed himself pharaoh in 1054 BCE. Her mother was Duathathor-Henuttawy, a daughter of Ramesses XI, last ruler of the 20th dynasty. Maatkare received the title of 'Divine Adoratrice': God's Wife of Amun during her father's reign; she was the first God's Wife to take on a "praenomen" which used to be the prerogative of pharaohs. Her siblings held important positions too: a brother of hers became pharaoh, a sister became queen, and three brothers held the title High Priest of Amun in succession. She was followed as God's Wife by her niece Henuttawy D, daughter of her brother, High Priest Menkheperre.

paragraph: Several of her depictions are known: she was depicted as a young girl in the Luxor temple, along with her sisters Henuttawy B and Mutnedjmet, also, as high priestess on the facade of the Temple of Khonsu at Karnak, and on a statue which is now in Marseille.

paragraph: Her original burial place is unknown; her mummy was found in the DB320 cache along with her coffins, shawabtis and other mummies from her immediate family. A small mummy, originally thought to be a child of hers was later revealed to be that of a pet monkey. (God's Wives were supposed to be celibate.)

description: Ancient Egyptian priestess, God's Wife of Amun

wikidata_label: Maatkare Mutemhat

wikipedia_title: Maatkare Mutemhat


text:
In Flames
Passenger
Engel
Gardenian
Glenn Ljungström
Bjorn Gelotte
Jesper Strömblad
The Crown
B.C. Rich
Gibson Guitar Corporation
Hardcore Superstar
Ralf Gyllenhammar
Mustasch
Two Feet Stand
Soulburner
Nuclear Blast
Sindustries
Nuclear Blast
In Reverse
Century Media
Passenger
Century Media
Absolute Design
SPV
Threnody
Blood of Saints
Season of Mist
Siren Charms
Razzia
Battles
Nuclear Blast
I, The Mask
Nuclear Blast

categories: 1972 births,In Flames members,Lead guitarists,Swedish heavy metal guitarists,21st-century guitarists,Living people

paragraph: Niclas Engelin

paragraph: Niclas Engelin (born 27 December 1972) is a Swedish heavy metal guitarist for In Flames, Drömriket, Passenger & Engel. Engelin was the lead guitarist for Gardenian, and has been in and out of In Flames on five different occasions.

paragraph: In 1997, he replaced Glenn Ljungström of In Flames who had just quit. In 1998, Niclas quit In Flames and the band's drummer, Bjorn Gelotte, took over his position as guitarist. Engelin came back to fill in for Jesper Strömblad four times since back in 1998 when he quit. He rejoined In Flames briefly in late 2006 and again in 2009, as Jesper had been struggling with personal issues but maintained he would return. Niclas also toured with In Flames in North and South America, Australia, Europe, South Africa (RAMfest 2012) and portions of Japan in their Taste of Chaos tour. On 12 February 2010, Jesper quit In Flames, citing a need to face ongoing personal issues. For that reason, Niclas returned as a guitarist, planning to stay until they could find a suitable replacement, but on 28 February 2011, the band decided that he would instead become the full-time guitarist himself.

paragraph: He formed the band Engel in 2002 with guitarist Marcus Sunesson (The Crown).

paragraph: In May 2011 Engelin became endorsed by B.C. Rich guitars, using the Warlock Pro X model with gold covered EMG 81 and 60 pickups.

paragraph: Mr Engelin is since 2012 endorsed by Gibson Guitar Corporation

paragraph: Drömriket, a project started by Niclas and drummer Magnus "ADDE" Andreasson (Hardcore Superstar), together with vocalist Ralf Gyllenhammar (Mustasch) and Jonas Slättung (Bass & Vocals) released their self-titled debut album "Drömriket" in May 2014 on Gain Records in Sweden.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Sarcazm.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Breath, Shit, Excist..." 1993 (Deathside Records)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Gardenian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two Feet Stand" 1997 (Listenable Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Soulburner" 1999 (Nuclear Blast)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sindustries" 2000 (Nuclear Blast)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Passenger.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Reverse" 2003 Single (Century Media)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Passenger" 2003 (Century Media)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Engel.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Absolute Design" 2007 (SPV)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Threnody" 2010 (Trooper Entertainment)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blood of Saints" 2012 (Season of Mist)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Raven Kings" 2014 Gain/Sony

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With In Flames.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Siren Charms 2014 Epic/Sony, Razzia

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Battles 2016 Nuclear Blast

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I, The Mask 2019 Nuclear Blast

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Drömriket.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drömriket 2014 Gain Records

description: Swedish musician

wikidata_label: Niclas Engelin

wikipedia_title: Niclas Engelin


text:
basketball
Wesley Matthews
Bridgeport, Connecticut
point guard
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Washington Bullets
1980 NBA draft
Atlanta Hawks
Philadelphia 76ers
Chicago Bulls
San Antonio Spurs
Los Angeles Lakers
assists
NBA Championship
1987
1988
United States Basketball League
Continental Basketball Association
Italy
Ranger Varese
regular season
Philippine Basketball Association
Ginebra San Miguel
Wesley
Marquette University
Utah Jazz
Portland Trail Blazers
Dallas Mavericks
New York Knicks
Indiana Pacers
undrafted
2009

categories: Fort Wayne Fury players,Rapid City Thrillers players,Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball),Rochester Renegade players,Sportspeople from Sarasota, Florida,African-American basketball players,Washington Bullets draft picks,Pallacanestro Varese players,American expatriate basketball people in Brazil,Ohio Mixers players,American expatriate basketball people in the Philippines,Atlanta Hawks players,American expatriate basketball people in Italy,Los Angeles Lakers players,Living people,Washington Bullets players,American men's basketball players,Basketball players from Florida,1959 births,Philippine Basketball Association imports,San Antonio Spurs players,Chicago Bulls players,Philadelphia 76ers players,Point guards

paragraph: Wes Matthews

paragraph: Wesley Joel Matthews Sr. (born August 24, 1959) is a retired American basketball player. He is the father of current NBA player Wesley Matthews.

paragraph: Section::::Basketball career.

paragraph: Matthews graduated from Warren Harding High School in Bridgeport, Connecticut, in 1977. A point guard at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, he was selected by the Washington Bullets with the 14th pick of the 1980 NBA draft. He played nine seasons in the league with the Bullets, Atlanta Hawks (two stints), Philadelphia 76ers, Chicago Bulls, San Antonio Spurs and Los Angeles Lakers. Averaging eight points and four assists per game, he scored 3,654 career points and earned NBA Championship rings with the 1987 and 1988 Lakers).

paragraph: Matthews retired from professional basketball in 1996. Besides his NBA stints, he also played in the United States Basketball League, in the Continental Basketball Association and in Italy, spending the 1989–90 season at Ranger Varese before being called by the Hawks for one regular season match.

paragraph: He had a stint in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA), winning the best import award in 1991 for Ginebra San Miguel.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Matthews' son, Wesley, also a basketball guard, played for Marquette University, and has appeared professionally for the Utah Jazz, the Portland Trail Blazers, the Dallas Mavericks, the New York Knicks, and the Indiana Pacers since being undrafted in 2009.

description: American basketball player

wikidata_label: Wes Matthews

wikipedia_title: Wes Matthews


text: Landgrave

text: Lower Hesse

text: Upper Hesse

text: William III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse

text: William I

text: William III

text: Louis II the Frank

text: Louis II of Württemberg

text: Lower Hesse

text: Frederick II of Vaudémont

text: Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

text: Elisabeth

text: Philip I

text: William III

text: Maximilian I

text: Elector Philip of the Palatinate

text: Genealogy of William II

categories: 1469 births,Landgraves of Hesse,House of Hesse,1509 deaths

paragraph: William II, Landgrave of Hesse

paragraph: William II (29 April 1469 – 11 July 1509) was Landgrave of Lower Hesse from 1493 and Landgrave of Upper Hesse after the death of his cousin, William III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse in 1500.

paragraph: William II is also called "William the Middle" to distinguish him from his elder brother "William I the Elder", and his cousin "William III, the Younger". His parents were Louis II the Frank (1438–1471) and Mechthild, daughter of Count Louis II of Württemberg.

paragraph: William II became Landgrave of Lower Hesse in 1493, after his brother William I resigned.

paragraph: On 9 November 1497 William II married Yolande, daughter of Frederick II of Vaudémont. She died on 21 May 1500 after the marriage produced one child, William (27 March 1500 – 8 April 1500). The same year on 20 October, his second marriage was to Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (14 September 1485 – 12 May 1525), who bore him three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elisabeth (4 March 1502 – 6 December 1557)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Magdalena (18 July 1503 – September 1504)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip I, (13 November 1504 – 31 March 1567)

paragraph: In 1500, William II reunited the Landgraviate of Hesse after the death of his cousin William III. In 1503, Emperor Maximilian I commissioned William with executing the ban on Elector Philip of the Palatinate.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wikisource: "Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie", "Wilhelm II. (Landgraf von Hessen)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogy of William II

description: German Landgrave

wikidata_label: William II, Landgrave of Hesse

wikipedia_title: William II, Landgrave of Hesse


text:
Finnish
ice hockey
goaltender
Oulun Kärpät
Naisten Liiga
NCAA
Liiga
American Hockey League
Swedish
Elitserien
Kontinental Hockey League
Czech Extraliga
Danish
Metal Ligaen
Lukko
SM-liiga
Northern Michigan University
Andy Chiodo
Kärpät
Iiro Tarkki
SaiPa
Channel One Cup
Euro Hockey Tour

categories: BK Mladá Boleslav players,Modo Hockey players,1980 births,Hokki players,Finnish ice hockey goaltenders,JYP Jyväskylä players,HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk players,Oulun Kärpät players,Gwinnett Gladiators players,People from Rauma, Finland,Chicago Wolves players,HC Benátky nad Jizerou players,Lukko players,Northern Michigan University alumni,Living people,Northern Michigan Wildcats men's ice hockey players

paragraph: Tuomas Tarkki

paragraph: Tuomas Tarkki (born February 28, 1980) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently the goaltending coach for Oulun Kärpät in the Naisten Liiga. He played collegiate hockey in the NCAA and professionally in the Finnish Liiga, the American Hockey League (AHL), the Swedish Elitserien, the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), the Czech Extraliga, and the Danish Metal Ligaen.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: After playing junior hockey with Lukko, including three SM-liiga games as a backup, Tarkki studied at the Northern Michigan University and played four years of college hockey, being named the top goalie in the NCAA in 2005. After college hockey he spent a year in the minor leagues before returning to Finland to replace the injured Andy Chiodo as the Kärpät starting goaltender.

paragraph: On December 9, 2006, Tarkki made SM-liiga history by facing his younger brother, Iiro Tarkki, who was in goal for SaiPa. This was the first time in the league that two brothers had played against each other in goal. Tuomas made 31 saves and registered a shutout while Iiro, five years his junior, allowed four goals on 20 shots.

paragraph: Section::::International play.

paragraph: Tarkki made his debut on the Finnish national team on December 15, 2007, in the Channel One Cup on the Euro Hockey Tour, playing one game against the Czech Republic. Tarkki had a dismal game, allowing five goals on 23 shots.

description: ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Tuomas Tarkki

wikipedia_title: Tuomas Tarkki


text:
Roman Emperor
Hadrian
Cádiz
Spain
Publius Aelius Hadrianus Afer
praetor
Trajan
Publius Acilius Attianus
Augustan History
Hadrian (A.D. 117-138)
praetor
Publius Aelius Hadrianus Afer
Seville
Spain
Italica
Hispania Baetica
Trajan
Publius Acilius Attianus
Lucius Julius Ursus Servianus
apotheosis
Antinous
divine honours
Hadrian (A.D. 117-138)
Ancient Library 3125
Ancient Library
Lucius Julius Ursus Servianus
Roman Emperor
Hadrian
Vibia Sabina
Trajan
Gnaeus Pedanius Fuscus Salinator
Pliny the Younger
Barcelona
Spain
Hispania Tarraconensis
Lucius Aelius
Ancient Library 3125

categories: Domitii,2nd-century Romans,1st-century Romans,Nervo-Trajanic Dynasty,Romans from Hispania,Aelii

paragraph: Paulina

paragraph: Paulina or Paullina () was a name shared by three relatives of the Roman Emperor Hadrian: his mother, his elder sister and his niece.

paragraph: Section::::Mother of Hadrian.

paragraph: Domitia Paulina or Paullina, Domitia Paulina Major or Paulina Major, ("Major" Latin for "the elder"), also known as Paulina the Elder (?-85/86). Paulina was a Spanish Roman woman who lived in the 1st century. She was a daughter of a distinguished Spanish Roman senatorial family. Paulina originally came from Gades (modern Cádiz, Spain). Gades was one of the wealthiest Roman cities. Little is known of the life of Paulina.

paragraph: Paulina married Spanish Roman Publius Aelius Hadrianus Afer, a praetor who was a paternal cousin of Roman Emperor Trajan. Paulina and Afer had two children, a daughter Aelia Domitia Paulina (75-130) and a son emperor Publius Aelius Hadrianus (76-138). Around 85/86 Paulina died of unknown causes, before her husband. After the death of her husband, her children were raised by Trajan and the Roman officer Publius Acilius Attianus.

paragraph: Section::::Mother of Hadrian.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Augustan History": Hadrian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hadrian (A.D. 117-138)

paragraph: Section::::Sister of Hadrian.

paragraph: Aelia Domitia Paulina or Paullina or Domitia Paulina Minor ("Minor" Latin for "the younger") also known as Paulina the Younger (early 75-130). The younger Paulina was the eldest child and only daughter to Domitia Paulina and praetor Publius Aelius Hadrianus Afer. She was Hadrian’s eldest sister and only sibling. She was Spanish, but was of Roman descent. She was most probably born and raised in Italica (near modern Seville, Spain). Italica was a city in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica.

paragraph: When her parents died around 86, she and her brother were raised by her father’s paternal cousin, the Roman Emperor Trajan, and Roman officer Publius Acilius Attianus. Before the accession of Trajan to the throne in 98, Trajan had arranged for her to marry the Spanish Roman politician Lucius Julius Ursus Servianus. During Trajan’s reign 98-117, Paulina and Servianus had a daughter called Julia Serviana Paulina.

paragraph: Before Trajan’s death in 117, Paulina and Servianus had arranged for their daughter Julia to marry the Spanish Roman Gnaeus Pedanius Fuscus Salinator, who was a man of consular rank. Julia and Salinator, in 118, had a son, a younger Gnaeus Pedanius Fuscus Salinator. When Paulina died, Servianus and Hadrian had a private ceremony for her. Hadrian was ridiculed for not granting her a full state funeral and apotheosis until pressured to do so by the senate, but granting his companion Antinous a sumptuous funeral with full divine honours.

paragraph: Section::::Sister of Hadrian.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Augustan History": Hadrian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hadrian (A.D. 117-138)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ancient Library 3125

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ancient Library

paragraph: Section::::Niece of Hadrian.

paragraph: Julia Serviana Paulina or Paullina also known as Julia Paulina was the daughter and only child to Spanish Roman politician Lucius Julius Ursus Servianus and Aelia Domitia Paulina. Her maternal uncle was Roman Emperor Hadrian and maternal aunt-in-marriage was Roman Empress Vibia Sabina. She was born at an unknown date during the reign of her third cousin emperor Trajan, who reigned 98-117. Her birthplace is unknown. Before Trajan’s death in 117, her parents arranged for her to marry the Roman senator Gnaeus Pedanius Fuscus Salinator, ordinary consul in 118. Roman senator Pliny the Younger sent a letter of congratulations to her parents regarding her wedding ("Epistulae", VI.26).

paragraph: Her husband was originally from Barcelona, Spain (this was the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis). Salinator had the same name as his father and his father was a former consul. In 118, during Salinator’s consulship, Julia and Salinator had a son, the younger Gnaeus Pedanius Fuscus Salinator. The elder Salinator and Julia seem to have died before 136.

paragraph: Julia’s father had always cherished the idea that her youthful son would one day succeed Hadrian. The aging Emperor considered Julia’s son as his heir. Hadrian promoted the young Salinator, gave him special status in his court and also groomed him for his succession.

paragraph: However, in 136, Hadrian changed his mind and decided to adopt Lucius Aelius Caesar as his heir. Julia’s father and son were angry with Hadrian and wanted to challenge him about the adoption. To avoid any conflict, Hadrian ordered the deaths of Julia’s father and son.

paragraph: Section::::Niece of Hadrian.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ancient Library 3125

wikipedia_title: Paulina


text:
Dakota
Santee
War of 1812
Mississippi
American Fur Company
Missouri
Yankton Sioux
Washington, D.C.
peace treaties
Peace Medal
Martin Van Buren
Theophile Bruguier
trader
St. Louis, Missouri
Fort Pierre
Big Sioux
Missouri river
log cabin
Sioux City, Iowa
bluff
Big Sioux
eagle feather bonnet
ceremonial pipe
Chief War Eagle history
Yankton Sioux leaders
Descendant, Leonard Bruguier

categories: Native American leaders,1851 deaths,1780s births

paragraph: War Eagle (Dakota Leader)

paragraph: War Eagle (Dakota: Waŋbdí Okíčhize) was born in Minnesota or Wisconsin around 1785. He had left his own tribe, the Santee, to avoid bloodshed in a fight as to who would be chief.

paragraph: As a young man, War Eagle spent considerable time working among the white Americans. During the War of 1812, he carried messages for the United States government, and worked among the native peoples to promote the cause of the United States against the British. He worked as a riverboat guide on the upper Mississippi and also served as a messenger for the American Fur Company on the Missouri.

paragraph: After marrying in Minnesota around 1830, he was adopted into the Yankton Sioux tribe. He and his wife had four girls and three boys. By the mid-1830s, he had been elected a chief of the tribe, and traveled to Washington, D.C. with other tribal leaders to negotiate peace treaties. War Eagle was especially proud of a silver Peace Medal given to him by President Martin Van Buren in 1837.

paragraph: Two of his daughters, Dawn and Blazing Cloud, married Theophile Bruguier, a trader with the American Fur Company who had also been accepted into the Yankton tribe and had traveled with them for several years. According to one tradition, Bruguier told War Eagle about a dream he had of a place where two mighty rivers joined near a high bluff. War Eagle told Bruguier he had been to that place and would show it to him. In fact, both men had likely passed by this place many times in their fur trading voyages between St. Louis, Missouri and Fort Pierre.

paragraph: Bruguier claimed the land near the confluence of the Big Sioux and Missouri rivers. In 1849, he built a log cabin, and with his two wives settled the land and traded with the Indians. His house is considered the first white settlement in what would shortly become Sioux City, Iowa.

paragraph: In the fall of 1851 War Eagle died and was buried on top of the high bluff overlooking the confluence of the Big Sioux and Missouri. Other members of his family are also buried there, including Dawn and Blazing Cloud. Today the bluff is part of War Eagle Park in Sioux City. An impressive monument honors the great chief, and depicts him with the eagle feather bonnet and ceremonial pipe, symbolizing his brave leadership and his commitment to peace. Housing projects on the east base of the bluff also bear his name.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chief War Eagle history, Sioux City History

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yankton Sioux leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- Descendant, Leonard Bruguier

description: Sioux chief

wikidata_label: Chief War Eagle

wikipedia_title: War Eagle (Dakota Leader)


text:
Finnish
politician
Social Democratic Party
Prime Minister of Finland
Uskela
prime minister
Pertti Paasio
Kekkonen
EEC
Turku
Paasio I Cabinet
Paasio II Cabinet

categories: People from Salo, Finland,Members of the Parliament of Finland (1962–66),Social Democratic Party of Finland politicians,Prime Ministers of Finland,People from Turku and Pori Province (Grand Duchy of Finland),1903 births,Members of the Parliament of Finland (1954–58),1980 deaths,Members of the Parliament of Finland (1948–51),Members of the Parliament of Finland (1970–72),Members of the Parliament of Finland (1972–75),Members of the Parliament of Finland (1951–54),Members of the Parliament of Finland (1966–70),Members of the Parliament of Finland (1958–62),Speakers of the Parliament of Finland

paragraph: Rafael Paasio

paragraph: Kustaa Rafael Paasio (6 June 1903 – 17 March 1980) was a prominent Finnish politician and editor from Social Democratic Party. He served as Prime Minister of Finland twice.

paragraph: Paasio was born in Uskela and was in contact with the Social Democratic Labor movement at an early age. Paasio was elected to the parliament in 1948. Before that he participated in Turku municipal politics and was since 1942 the chief of newspaper Turun Päivälehti. Paasio was the chairman of SDP from 1963 to 1975, and served as the prime minister twice, 1966-1968 and 1972, and was also twice the Speaker of the Parliament. Both his son, Pertti Paasio, and his granddaughter, Heli Paasio, have been members of the parliament.

paragraph: Social Democrats remember Rafael Paasio, above all, as party unifier and strengthener. In addition, the party reached decent relations with Soviet Union during his term.

paragraph: Paasio positioned himself in the middle of left-wingers and right-wingers in the party. His support to Kekkonen allowed a new coming for SDP-led governments. His first cabinet began building the modern Finnish welfare state, and the second government laid the foundation for Finland's EEC agreement. Therefore his actions had a revolutionary impact on Finnish history.

paragraph: Paasio was the Social Democrat candidate in the 1962 presidential elections. He died in Turku, aged 76.

paragraph: Section::::Cabinets.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paasio I Cabinet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paasio II Cabinet

description: Finnish politician

wikidata_label: Rafael Paasio

wikipedia_title: Rafael Paasio


text:
trumpet
Kelly's Stable
Paul G. Bogosian
Don Ellis
Roy Roman
Stevens-Costello embouchure
www.roystevens.org
www.royroman.com
www.amazon.com

categories: American trumpeters,20th-century American musicians,1918 births,American male trumpeters,20th-century trumpeters,1989 deaths

paragraph: Roy Stevens

paragraph: Roy Stevens (1916–1988) was an American trumpet player, "Stevens-Costello System" brass embouchure teacher, and author of the "Embouchure Self-Analysis: Stevens-Costello Triple C Embouchure Technique" with Bill Moriarity.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Roy Stevens was born in 1916. His father was a tailor who died when Roy was very young. This was during the depression era so his family faced financial hardships that befell many families. Roy began playing trumpet professionally in his teens to support his family.

paragraph: Roy played with many of the named bands during the swing era: Tommy Dorsey, Bunny Berigan, and Benny Goodman. Later Roy successfully headed his own big band recording for London Records. Roy's big band won the Downbeat Band of the Year Award in 1950. He was managed by Joe Glaser, manager for Louie Armstrong, Billie Holiday, Hot Lips Page and Henry Red Allen. Roy also played in the section of the Raymond Scott Orchestra and most notably he played with Coleman Hawkins at Kelly's Stable on 52nd Street.

paragraph: Roy encountered William Costello who was a prominent trumpet teacher who also wrote a column in Metronome magazine. Later when Costello retired, Roy took over the studio referring to the teaching as the Steven-Costello System.

paragraph: While teaching, Roy maintained his playing in combos and big bands. Besides private teaching, Roy was an Associate Instructor at the Columbia University's Teacher's College. Roy taught trumpet embouchure until his death in October 1988.

paragraph: Section::::Pupils.

paragraph: Paul G. Bogosian: lead trumpet player for Don Ellis

paragraph: Don Ellis: jazz trumpet player, composer and band leader.

paragraph: Lloyd Michaels: lead and session trumpet player

paragraph: Roy Roman: lead trumpet player for Lionel Hampton, Charlie Palmieri, Tito Puente

paragraph: Vince Penzarella: trumpet player for the NY Philharmonic, NY Metropolitan Opera Company

paragraph: Lou Soloff: jazz and session trumpet player, band leader

paragraph: Dr. Elmer R. White: trumpet player and educator - former Professor of Music at Appalachian State University

paragraph: Bentley Ferguson: Maynard Ferguson's late son spent a summer living and studying with Roy when he was about 14

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stevens-Costello embouchure

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: Tribute Site with audio and video:

paragraph: BULLET::::- www.roystevens.org

paragraph: Stevens-Costello Method Instruction:

paragraph: BULLET::::- www.royroman.com

paragraph: Method Book:

paragraph: BULLET::::- www.amazon.com

paragraph: By Roy Stevens, co-author and edited by Bill Moriarity, "Embouchure Self-Analysis & The Stevens-Costello Embouchure Technique (Complete)," 2nd edition. Published by Create Space and sold by Amazon.com

description: American trumpeter

wikidata_label: Roy Stevens

wikipedia_title: Roy Stevens


text:
Rochester, New York
Malevolent Creation
death metal
Suffocation
Mortician
Incantation
Disgorged
Thy Hideous Wake
Malevolent Creation
Eternal
Malevolent Creation
Joe Black
Malevolent Creation
The Fine Art of Murder
Suffocation
Despise the Sun
Incantation
The Infernal Storm
Gorgasm
Bleeding Profusely
Malevolent Creation
Envenomed
Malevolent Creation
Malevolent Creation
Manifestation
Malevolent Creation
Warkult
Malevolent Creation
Doomsday X
Malevolent Creation
Suffocation
Pinnacle of Bedlam
Pyrexia
Feast of Iniquity
Sick Drummer Magazine

categories: American heavy metal drummers,Living people,Malevolent Creation members,People from Shirley, New York,20th-century American drummers,Suffocation (band) members,21st-century male musicians,American male drummers,21st-century American drummers,Musicians from Buffalo, New York,Death metal musicians,20th-century male musicians,1974 births

paragraph: Dave Culross

paragraph: Dave Culross (born March 9, 1975 in Rochester, New York) is an American drummer. He was a member of Malevolent Creation, Culross has played drums in many death metal bands, such as Suffocation, Mortician, Incantation, HatePlow, Gorgasm and Disgorged.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Disgorged, "Thy Hideous Wake" (1993) EP independent release

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malevolent Creation, "Eternal" (1995) LP Pavement Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malevolent Creation, "Joe Black" (1996) LP Pavement Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malevolent Creation, "The Fine Art of Murder" (1998) LP Pavement Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- Suffocation, "Despise the Sun" (1998) EP Vulture Entertainment/Relapse Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hate Plow, "The Only Law is Survival" (2000) LP Arctic Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Incantation, "The Infernal Storm" (2000) LP Relapse Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gorgasm, "Bleeding Profusely" (2000) LP Extremities Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hate Plow, "Mosh Pit Murder" (2001) (Live) LP Arctic Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malevolent Creation, "Envenomed" (2001) LP Arctic Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malevolent Creation, "Envenomed II" (2002) LP Arctic Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malevolent Creation, "Manifestation" (2003) LP Crash Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malevolent Creation, "Warkult" (2004) LP Nuclear Blast Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malevolent Creation, "Doomsday X" (2007) LP Nuclear Blast/Massacre Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malevolent Creation, "Live at The Whiskey A Go-Go" (2008) Arctic Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Suffocation, "Pinnacle of Bedlam" (2013) Nuclear Blast Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pyrexia, "Feast of Iniquity" - tracks 1, 3, 7, 10 (2013) LP Unique Leader Records

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sick Drummer Magazine

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Dave Culross

wikipedia_title: Dave Culross


text:
North Kessock
New York City
Scottish-American
chess
master
Aberdeen
Aberdeen Grammar School
Marischal College
University of Aberdeen
Rouen
Stettin
60th Foot
ensign
Cape of Good Hope
India
Lieutenant
Adolf Anderssen
American Civil War
Union
United States Colored Troops
deserter
New York
New York Chess Club
The New York Times
tuberculosis
The Sun
American Chess Congress
Wilhelm Steinitz
Szymon Winawer
Johannes Zukertort
Joseph Henry Blackburne
Isidor Gunsberg
Berthold Englisch
Max Weiss
Curt von Bardeleben
Siegbert Tarrasch
Louis Paulsen
German Championship
Frankfurt-on-the-Main
Scottish Championship
Glasgow
Samuel Lipschuetz
United States Chess Champion
Samuel Lipschutz
Amos Burn
James Mason
Chess players and their rankings

categories: British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857,American chess players,People from the Black Isle,1837 births,1891 deaths,American chess writers,Scottish chess players,Scottish emigrants to the United States,Alumni of the University of Aberdeen,Union Army officers,People educated at Aberdeen Grammar School,King's Royal Rifle Corps officers,American male journalists,American male writers

paragraph: George Henry Mackenzie

paragraph: George Henry Mackenzie (24 March 1837, North Kessock, Scotland – 14 April 1891, New York City) was a Scottish-American chess master.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mackenzie was educated mainly in Aberdeen, at the Aberdeen Grammar School and the Marischal College, University of Aberdeen; but he studied in Rouen, France, and Stettin, Prussia, from 1853 to 1855. He was commissioned into the 60th Foot as an ensign in 1856 when he was nineteen years old. Soon after, his regiment was sent to the Cape of Good Hope, and from there to India. He traveled to England in 1858, having been promoted to the rank of Lieutenant. In 1861 he sold his commission and retired from the army. Mackenzie began to practice chess in 1853, and in 1862 he won a handicap tournament in London in which he defeated Adolf Anderssen.

paragraph: In 1863, during the middle of the American Civil War, he moved to the United States. During the Civil War, he fought on the Union side, obtaining the rank of Captain in the 10th United States Colored Troops Regiment. However, on 16 June 1864, he was reported as a deserter by the United States Army. In 1865, Mackenzie came to New York, where he wrote on chess matters for "Turf, Field, and Farm." He won the first prizes at the annual contests of the New York Chess Club in 1865, 1866, 1867, and 1868.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Mackenzie died at the Cooper Union Hotel on 14 April 1891, but the cause of death is a matter of considerable speculation. "The New York Times" reported on 27 April 1890 that Mackenzie was suffering from tuberculosis, and on 15 April 1891, a day after his death, mentioned that the immediate cause of death was pneumonia, noting that his condition had worsened from a fever caught while visiting Havana. However, on 29 April 1891, "The Sun" carried a report by Dr. S. B. Minden, who had visited Mackenzie before his death, claiming that the captain had committed suicide by an overdose of morphine, which he had requested earlier to ease the pain from his tuberculosis, but Dr. Minden had refused. The doctor who had attended Mackenzie during his final illness dismissed this assertion as ridiculous, insisting that tuberculosis was the cause of death.

paragraph: Section::::Chess career.

paragraph: Mackenzie dominated American chess from the time he immigrated in 1863 until shortly before his death in 1891. During a 15-year period, from 1865 through 1880, Mackenzie amassed a record of thirteen straight first-place finishes in tournaments, while winning six of seven matches, with only one drawn. His successes in the U.S. included first place at Cleveland 1871, Chicago 1874, and New York 1880 (the second, third, and fifth American Chess Congresses, respectively). In 1878 Mackenzie began to receive invitations to play in the top international tournaments in Europe.

paragraph: Subsequently, he played in many tournaments both at home and abroad. In 1878, he tied for fourth–fifth in Paris. In 1882, he tied for fourth in Vienna (Wilhelm Steinitz and Szymon Winawer won). In 1883, he tied for fifth–seventh in London (Johannes Zukertort won). In 1885, he took fourth place in Hereford (Joseph Henry Blackburne won), and took seventh in Hamburg 1885 (Isidor Gunsberg won). In 1886, he tied for seventh–eighth in London.

paragraph: Finally, Captain Mackenzie capped the climax of his chess achievements by winning the first prize, ahead of Joseph Blackburne, Johannes Zukertort, Berthold Englisch, Max Weiss, Curt von Bardeleben, Siegbert Tarrasch, and Louis Paulsen in the fifth German Championship at Frankfurt-on-the-Main 1887. He won the fifth Scottish Championship at Glasgow 1888 with a score of +4−0=2. Samuel Lipschuetz replaced him as the United States Chess Champion in 1890.

paragraph: While his only international victory was at Frankfurt 1887, Mackenzie was a frequent high placer throughout his career. In match play, in 1886 he defeated the other top American master of the era, Samuel Lipschutz, by a score of +5−3=5. The same year, Mackenzie drew a match in London with top European master Amos Burn with the final tally +4−4=2. Despite this, Mackenzie was not considered a serious contender for the world title held by Steinitz. His tournament results were below those of Steinitz, Zukertort, Blackburne, and Tarrasch in the 1880s, and his personal record against Steinitz was +1−6=3.

paragraph: Section::::Famous games.

paragraph: Mackenzie–James Mason, Paris 1878 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.exd5 exd5 5.Nf3 Bd6 6.Bd3 0-0 7.0-0 Nc6 8.Bg5 Ne7 9.Bxf6 gxf6 10.Nh4 Kg7 11.Qh5 Rh8 12.f4 c6 13.Rf3 Ng6 14.Raf1 Qc7 15.Ne2 Bd7 16.Ng3 Rag8 (see diagram) 17.Qh6+!! Kxh6 18.Nhf5+ Bxf5 19.Nxf5+ Kh5 20.g4+ Kxg4 21.Rg3+ Kh5 22.Be2# 1–0

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chess players and their rankings

description: American journalist

wikidata_label: George Henry Mackenzie

wikipedia_title: George Henry Mackenzie


text: English

text: Scottish

text: peer

text: Baroness

text: The 1st Baron Clifton

text: suicide

text: Lord Esmé Stewart

text: The 1st Duke of Lennox

text: Earl of March

text: Dukedom of Lennox

text: 2nd Duke

text: 22nd Earl of Arundel

text: James, later 4th Duke of Lennox

text: Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus

text: Henry, 8th Seigneur d'Aubigny

text: 2nd Earl of Portland

text: George, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny

text: Ludovic, 10th Seigneur d'Aubigny

text: Lord Bernard

text: The 2nd Earl of Abercorn

text: James, Lord Paisley

text: George, later 3rd Earl of Abercorn

text: The 4th Duke of Lennox

text: Burke's Peerage & Gentry, 107th edition

categories: Barons in the Peerage of England,Scottish royalty,1637 deaths,Hereditary women peers,Scottish countesses,British duchesses by marriage,1590s births

paragraph: Katherine Clifton, 2nd Baroness Clifton

paragraph: Katherine Clifton, 2nd Baroness Clifton (c. 1592 – buried 17 September 1637), was an English-born Scottish peer (later known as the Countess of March, then Duchess of Lennox and then Countess of Abercorn).

paragraph: Baroness Clifton was the only surviving child of The 1st Baron Clifton and his wife, Katherine, and inherited her father's title when he committed suicide in 1618. In 1609, she had married Lord Esmé Stewart, a younger son of The 1st Duke of Lennox. In 1619, he was created Earl of March and later inherited the Dukedom of Lennox when his brother, the 2nd Duke, died without legitimate heirs in 1624. The duke and duchess had eleven children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Elizabeth (1610–1674), married the 22nd Earl of Arundel.

paragraph: BULLET::::- James, later 4th Duke of Lennox (1612–1655)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Anne Stewart (1614–1646), married Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry, 8th Seigneur d'Aubigny (1616–1632)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francis (1616–1617)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Frances (1617–1694), married the 2nd Earl of Portland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret (1618–1618), died young.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny (1618–1642)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ludovic, 10th Seigneur d'Aubigny (1619–1665)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord John (1621–1644)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Bernard (1623–1645)

paragraph: Her husband died later that year, in 1624, and Katherine then married The 2nd Earl of Abercorn, c. 1632. They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- James, Lord Paisley (c. 1635 – bef. 1670)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Col. William Hamilton (d. bef. 1670)

paragraph: BULLET::::- George, later 3rd Earl of Abercorn (c. 1636 – bef. 1683)

paragraph: On her own death in 1637, her title passed to her eldest son, The 4th Duke of Lennox.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burke's Peerage & Gentry, 107th edition

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogy of Katherine Clifton on The Peerage website

description: Scottish noble

wikidata_label: Katherine Clifton, 2nd Baroness Clifton

wikipedia_title: Katherine Clifton, 2nd Baroness Clifton


text: English

text: Barrington Court

text: Thomas Stanley, 2nd Baron Monteagle

text: Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk

text: Clifton Hall, Nottingham

text: Nottingham Castle

text: Clifton baronets

text: St Alban Hall

text: Gray's Inn

text: Knight of the Shire

text: Huntingdonshire

text: Leighton Bromswold

text: MP

text: Huntingdonshire

text: County Huntingdon

text: Peerage

text: writ of summons

text: County Huntingdon

text: Tower of London

text: Sir Francis Bacon

text: Star Chamber

text: Fleet Prison

text: bear

text: bear-baiting

text: Nottingham

text: Katherine

text: History of Parliament

text: Tudor Place

text: Burke's Peerage & Gentry, 107th edition

categories: Inmates of Fleet Prison,Nobility who committed suicide,Barons in the Peerage of England,Suicides in London,Male suicides,English MPs 1597–1598,Suicides by sharp instrument in the United Kingdom,English people who died in prison custody,Members of Gray's Inn,1618 deaths,Prisoners who died in England and Wales detention,Clifton family,1570s births,People who committed suicide in prison custody,Alumni of St Alban Hall, Oxford,English MPs 1601,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: Gervase Clifton, 1st Baron Clifton

paragraph: Gervase Clifton, 1st Baron Clifton (c. 1570 – 14 October 1618) was an English nobleman.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: Clifton was a son of Sir John Clifton (d.1593) of Barrington Court, Somerset, by his wife Anne Stanley, daughter of Thomas Stanley, 2nd Baron Monteagle (1507–1560). Sir John Clifton's father was a London merchant, Sir William Clifton (d.1564), who had purchased the manor of Barrington from Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk. Sir William Clifton was the son of Gervase Clifton of the Customs House, London, a younger son of Sir Gervase Clifton (d.1508), Knight of the Bath (1494), of Clifton Hall, Nottingham, High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests in 1502, 14th in descent from the 11th century Alvaredus de Clifton, warden of Nottingham Castle.

paragraph: From Robert Clifton, the eldest son of Sir Gervase Clifton (d.1508), were descended the Clifton baronets, which title was created in 1611.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was educated at St Alban Hall, Oxford (1586), Gray's Inn (1588). In 1591, he became a Knight of the Shire of Huntingdonshire, settled in Leighton Bromswold and married Katherine, a daughter of Sir Henry Darcy (a previous Knight of the Shire) that year and was knighted by 1597. From 1597 to 1598 and also in 1601, Clifton was MP for Huntingdonshire. In 1605 he sold his paternal estate of Barrington Court and moved his seat to Leighton Bromswold, County Huntingdon. In 1608 he was raised to the Peerage by writ of summons Baron Clifton, of Leighton Bromswold, County Huntingdon. This ancient form of creation by writ enabled the title to descend via female lines.

paragraph: On 30 December 1617, Lord Clifton was imprisoned in the Tower of London for threatening Sir Francis Bacon when the latter ordered a survey of Clifton's land. He was then prosecuted by the Star Chamber on 17 March 1618 and moved to Fleet Prison, where he stabbed himself to death in the following October. His only son had died in 1602 as a result of wounds received from a bear, which had broken free during a bear-baiting show at Nottingham, and so Clifton's title passed to his daughter, Katherine.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Parliament

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tudor Place

description: English politician and noble

wikidata_label: Gervase Clifton, 1st Baron Clifton

wikipedia_title: Gervase Clifton, 1st Baron Clifton


text:
Roger de Mowbray, 1st Baron Mowbray
Edward I
sheriff
Yorkshire
York
Thomas, Earl of Lancaster
battle of Boroughbridge
Aline de Braose
William de Braose, 2nd Baron Braose
Gower
John
Yorkshire
England
Alexander
Fountains Abbey

categories: People knighted at the Feast of the Swans,Mowbray family,1286 births,13th-century English people,14th-century English people,Barons Mowbray,1322 deaths

paragraph: John de Mowbray, 2nd Baron Mowbray

paragraph: John (I) de Mowbray, 2nd Baron Mowbray (4 September 1286 – 23 March 1322) was the son of Roger de Mowbray, 1st Baron Mowbray. Lord of the manors of Tanfield and Well, Yorkshire.

paragraph: De Mowbray served in the Scottish wars of Edward I. The baron held such offices as sheriff of Yorkshire, governor of the city of York, a warden of the Scottish marches, governor of Malton and Scarborough Castles.

paragraph: He took part in the rebellion of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster. He was captured at the battle of Boroughbridge and subsequently hanged at York.

paragraph: John de Mowbray married Aline de Braose, (b. 1291 d. ca 1331), daughter of William de Braose, 2nd Baron Braose and Lord of Gower. They had at least two sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John, (b. 29 November 1310, Yorkshire, England d.1361 who succeeded his father to the barony.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander, (c. 1314 – c. 1391.)

paragraph: John de Mowbray was buried at Fountains Abbey.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burke, Sir Bernard. "Mowbray-Earls of Nottingham, Dukes of Norfolk, Earls-Marshal, Earls of Warren and Surrey." A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, of the British Empire. London: Wm Clowes and Sons, Ltd, 1962. p. 387.

description: English Baron

wikidata_label: John de Mowbray, 2nd Baron Mowbray

wikipedia_title: John de Mowbray, 2nd Baron Mowbray


text: John de Mowbray, 2nd Baron Mowbray

text: William de Braose, 2nd Baron Braose

text: Hovingham

text: Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster

text: Battle of Boroughbridge

text: Edward II

text: York

text: Tower of London

text: Queen Isabella

text: Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March

text: Edward III's

text: War of the Breton Succession

text: Nantes

text: Battle of Neville's Cross

text: Second War of Scottish Independence

text: York

text: Bedford

text: Robert de Holland, 1st Baron Holand

text: Joan of Lancaster

text: Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster

text: John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray

text: Alice of Norfolk

text: Thomas of Brotherton

text: papal dispensation

text: John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave

text: Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk

text: Thomas of Brotherton

text: Thomas de Poynings, 2nd Baron Poynings

text: Michael de Poynings, 1st Baron Poynings

text: Roger la Warr, 3rd Baron De La Warr

text: Thomas West, 1st Baron West

text: Princes Risborough

text: Buckinghamshire

text: papal dispensation

text: Elizabeth de Vere

text: Sir Hugh Courtenay

text: John de Vere, 7th Earl of Oxford

text: Maud de Badlesmere

categories: People from Hovingham,1361 deaths,14th-century English people,Barons Mowbray,People of the Wars of Scottish Independence,1310 births

paragraph: John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray

paragraph: John (II) de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray (29 November 1310 – 4 October 1361) was the only son of John de Mowbray, 2nd Baron Mowbray, by his first wife, Aline de Brewes, daughter of William de Braose, 2nd Baron Braose. He was born Hovingham, Yorkshire.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Mowbray's father, the 2nd Baron, sided with Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, at the Battle of Boroughbridge on 16 March 1322 against Edward II, and was taken prisoner at the battle. He was hanged at York on 23 March 1322, and his estates forfeited. His wife and son John were imprisoned in the Tower of London until Edward II was deposed by his wife, Queen Isabella, and Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March. The Mowbrays were released in 1327. The 13th Baron de Mowbray was reportedly in Edward III's good graces, being present in France in the War of the Breton Succession for the sieges of Nantes and Aguillon. He was also on the English side at the Battle of Neville's Cross in the Second War of Scottish Independence. He died of the plague at York on 4 October 1361, and was buried at the Friars Minor in Bedford.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and issue.

paragraph: He married firstly, before 26 February 1322, Maud de Holand, daughter of Robert de Holland, 1st Baron Holand, by Maud la Zouche, daughter and coheiress of Alan la Zouche, 1st Baron la Zouche of Ashby. The marriage was later declared void. He married secondly, between 28 February 1327 and 4 June 1328, Joan of Lancaster, sixth and youngest daughter of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, by whom he had a son and two daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blanche Mowbray (d. 21 July 1409), who was contracted to marry Edward de Montagu (d. before February 1359), son and heir apparent of Edward de Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu (died 3 July 1461), by Alice of Norfolk, daughter and heiress of Thomas of Brotherton; however the marriage did not take place. She married firstly, by papal dispensation dated 21 March 1349, John de Segrave (d. before 1 April 1353), son and heir apparent of John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave by Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk, daughter and heiress of Thomas of Brotherton; secondly, as his second wife, Sir Robert Bertam (d.1363); thirdly, before 5 June 1372, Thomas de Poynings, 2nd Baron Poynings (d. before 25 June 1375), son and heir of Michael de Poynings, 1st Baron Poynings; fourthly, before 21 March 1378, Sir John de Worth (d. before 1 June 1391); and fifthly, before 5 November 1394, Sir John Wiltshire. She had no issue by any of her husbands.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleanor Mowbray, who married firstly, as his second wife, Roger la Warr, 3rd Baron De La Warr (d. 27 August 1370), by whom she had a daughter, Joan La Warr, who married Thomas West, 1st Baron West; and secondly Sir Lewis Clifford of Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire, brother of Hugh de Clifford.

paragraph: He married thirdly, by papal dispensation of 4 May 1351, Elizabeth de Vere (d. 14 or 16 August 1375), widow of Sir Hugh Courtenay (d. before 2 September 1349), and daughter of John de Vere, 7th Earl of Oxford, by Maud de Badlesmere, daughter of Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere.After Mowbray's death, his widow, Elizabeth de Vere, married, before 26 November 1368, Sir William de Cossington.

description: English Baron

wikidata_label: John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray

wikipedia_title: John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray


text: Constantinople

text: Holy Land

text: Epworth, Lincolnshire

text: John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray

text: Axholme

text: Lincolnshire

text: Joan of Lancaster

text: Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster

text: Edward III of England

text: Downs

text: Brittany

text: dower

text: Elizabeth de Vere

text: Aylesford, Kent

text: Fleet prison

text: Thomas of Brotherton

text: Pope Clement VI

text: jointure

text: John de Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave

text: Baroness Segrave

text: Constantinople

text: Holy Land

text: Pera

text: Constantinople

text: Lincoln

text: papal dispensation

text: Croxton Abbey

text: suo jure

text: John de Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave

text: Thomas of Brotherton

text: King Edward I

text: Mowbray family

text: Framlingham

text: Framlingham Castle

text: Luton

text: Bedfordshire

text: Sir Thomas Grey

text: Norham

text: Northumberland

text: Sir Thomas Grey

text: John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville

text: Thurland

text: Tunstall, Lancashire

text: Eleanor de Mowbray

text: John de Welles, 5th Baron Welles

text: John de Mowbray, 1st Earl of Nottingham

text: Whitefriars, London

text: Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk

categories: 1368 deaths,1340 births,14th-century English people,Barons Mowbray

paragraph: John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray

paragraph: John (III) de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray (24 June 1340 – 19 October 1368) was an English peer. He was slain near Constantinople while en route to the Holy Land.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: John de Mowbray, born 25 June 1340 at Epworth, Lincolnshire, was the son of John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray, of Axholme, Lincolnshire, by his second wife, Joan of Lancaster, third daughter of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Mowbray and twenty-six others were knighted by King Edward III of England in July 1355 while English forces were at the Downs, before sailing to France. In 1356, he served in a campaign in Brittany. He had livery of his lands on 14 November 1361; however, his inheritance was subject to the dower which his father had settled on his stepmother, Elizabeth de Vere. By 1369, his stepmother had married Sir William de Cossington, son and heir of Stephen de Cossington of Cossington in Aylesford, Kent; not long after the marriage, she and her new husband surrendered themselves to the Fleet prison for debt. According to Archer, the cause may have been Mowbray's prosecution of his stepmother for waste of his estates; he had been awarded damages against her of almost £1000.

paragraph: In about 1343, an agreement had been made for a double marriage between, Mowbray and Audrey Montagu, the granddaughter of Thomas of Brotherton, and Mowbray's sister, Blanche de Mowbray with Audrey's brother, Edward Montagu. Neither marriage took place. Instead, about 1349, a double marriage took place between Mowbray and Elizabeth de Segrave (also granddaughter of Thomas of Brotherton), and Mowbray's sister Blanche with Elizabeth's brother, John de Segrave, Pope Clement VI having granted dispensations for the marriages at the request of Mowbray's grandfather, the Earl of Lancaster, in order to prevent 'disputes between the parents', who were neighbours. Mowbray had little financial benefit from his marriage during his lifetime as a result of the very large jointure which had been awarded to Elizabeth's mother, Margaret of Brotherton, Duchess of Norfolk, who lived until 1399. However, when Elizabeth's father, John de Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, died on 1 April 1353, King Edward III allowed Mowbray to receive a small portion of his wife's eventual inheritance. Estate accounts for 1367 indicate that Mowbray enjoyed an annual income of almost £800 at that time. Elizabeth then succeeded her father as 5th Baroness Segrave, her brother having predeceased their father.

paragraph: Mowbray was summoned to Parliament from 14 August 1362 to 20 January 1366. On 10 October 1367, he appointed attorneys in preparation for travel beyond the seas; these appointments were confirmed in the following year. Mowbray was slain by the Turks near Constantinople while en route to the Holy Land. A letter from the priory of 'Peyn' written in 1396 suggests that he was initially buried at the convent at Pera, opposite Constantinople; according to the letter, 'at the instance of his son Thomas', his bones had been gathered and were sent to England for burial with his ancestors.

paragraph: His will was proved at Lincoln on 17 May 1369. His wife Elizabeth predeceased him in 1368, by only a few months.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Mowbray married, by papal dispensation dated 25 March 1349, Elizabeth de Segrave (born 25 October 1338 at Croxton Abbey), "suo jure" 5th Baroness Segrave, daughter and heiress of John de Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave (d.1353), and Margaret of Brotherton, Duchess of Norfolk, daughter and heiress of Thomas of Brotherton, son of King Edward I. Through the marriage, the Mowbray family gained the estate in Framlingham, Suffolk, including Framlingham Castle, which became the main seat of power for the Mowbray family for most of the 15th century.

paragraph: They had two sons and three daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret de Mowbray (c.1361 - 24 April 1404), who married, by licence dated 1 July 1369, Sir Reginald de Lucy (d. 9 November 1437) of Woodcroft in Luton, Bedfordshire.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joan de Mowbray (c.1363 - 30 November 1402), who married firstly Sir Thomas Grey (1359 – 26 November or 3 December 1400) of Heaton near Norham, Northumberland, son of the chronicler, Sir Thomas Grey. They had four sons and one daughter, including John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville. She married secondly, Sir Thomas Tunstall of Thurland in Tunstall, Lancashire (c. 1360 – 1415).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleanor de Mowbray (born before 25 March 1364), who married John de Welles, 5th Baron Welles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John de Mowbray, 1st Earl of Nottingham (1 August 1365 – 12 January 1383), who died unmarried, and was buried at the Whitefriars, London.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (22 March 1366 - 22 September 1399)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burke, Sir Bernard. "Mowbray-Earls of Nottingham, Dukes of Norfolk, Earls-Marshal, Earls of Warren and Surrey." A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, of the British Empire. London: Wm Clowes and Sons, Ltd., 1962. p. 387.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The West Family Register: Important Lines Traced, 1326–1928: NEHGS Research Library, call number RB/F16/G66/no. 5

alias:
John de Mowbray
John Mowbray
John (III) Mowbray
John Mowbray III

description: English Baron

wikidata_label: John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray

wikipedia_title: John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray


text: Conservative Party

text: politician

text: life peer

text: Haileybury College

text: Hertfordshire

text: England

text: Pembroke College, Cambridge

text: Cambridge Union

text: tutor

text: Ashridge College

text: Little Gaddesden

text: Second World War

text: British Army

text: Royal Welch Fusiliers

text: King's African Rifles

text: General Staff Officer 1

text: Middle Temple

text: Conservative

text: Member of Parliament

text: Colchester constituency

text: 1950 general election

text: Colchester

text: County of Essex

text: life peerage

text: by-election

text: Antony Buck

text: Assistant Postmaster-General

text: Minister of State

text: Privy Councillor

text: High Commissioner

text: Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland

text: High Steward of Colchester

text: Deputy Lieutenant

text: Essex

text: George Bingham, 4th Earl of Lucan

text: University of Essex

text: correspondence

text: University of Essex

text: Roy Welensky

text: University of Oxford

categories: 1912 births,1998 deaths,Colchester (town),UK MPs 1951–1955,UK MPs 1959–1964,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1950–1951,People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,Conservative Party (UK) life peers,Borough of Colchester,Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge,Royal Welch Fusiliers officers,Artists' Rifles soldiers,Presidents of The Cambridge Union,King's African Rifles officers,British Army personnel of World War II,UK MPs 1955–1959

paragraph: Cuthbert Alport

paragraph: Cuthbert James McCall Alport, Baron Alport, (22 March 1912 – 28 October 1998) was a Conservative Party politician, minister, and life peer.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: "Cub" Alport was educated at Haileybury College, Haileybury, Hertfordshire, England, and graduated with a degree in History and Law from Pembroke College, Cambridge in 1934. He was elected President of the Cambridge Union the following year. Alport was a tutor at Ashridge College, Little Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, from 1935 to 1937. During the Second World War, he served in the British Army as an officer in the Royal Welch Fusiliers and the King's African Rifles, and was General Staff Officer 1 (GSO 1) of the East Africa Command between 1944 and 1945. He was made a Barrister-at-Law at the Middle Temple in 1944.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Alport was an assistant secretary for the Conservative Party Education Department between 1937 and 1939. He was Director of the Conservative Political Centre between 1945 and 1950. He was elected as the Conservative Member of Parliament for the Colchester constituency, in the 1950 general election and held the seat until 16 February 1961, when he was created Baron Alport, of Colchester in the County of Essex, a life peerage. On his elevation to the peerage, the Colchester constituency was held by the Conservatives in a by-election by Antony Buck.

paragraph: Alport held the post of Assistant Postmaster-General between 1955 and 1957. He was Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations between 1957 and 1959. He held the office of Minister of State for the Commonwealth Relations Office between 1959 and 1961. He was invested as a Privy Councillor in 1960. He held the office of British High Commissioner to the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland between 1961 and 1963. He was appointed High Steward of Colchester in 1967 and he was appointed Deputy Lieutenant of Essex in 1974.

paragraph: Section::::Family Life.

paragraph: In 1945 he married Rachel, the great granddaughter of George Bingham, 4th Earl of Lucan. The marriage produced three children, two girls and one boy.

paragraph: Section::::Published works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kingdoms in Partnership (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hope in Africa (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Sudden Assignment (1965)

paragraph: Section::::Honorary Degrees.

paragraph: Lord Alport was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Essex in July 1997.

paragraph: Section::::The Alport Papers.

paragraph: Lord Alport's correspondence and papers (the Alport Papers) are archived at the University of Essex library. Additional correspondence with Roy Welensky is archived at the Bodleian Library of Commonwealth and African Studies at Rhodes House, University of Oxford.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

alias:
Lord Alport
Cuthbert J. Alport

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Cuthbert Alport, Baron Alport

wikipedia_title: Cuthbert Alport


text:
Caesar
Roman Empire
Constantine I
Minervina
Roman Empire
Lactantius
Minervina
concubine
Diocletian
Nicomedia
Constantius Chlorus
Maximian
Augusti
Fausta
Minervina
divorce
Gaul
Helena
Flavia Maximiana Theodora
Maximian
Constantine
Lactantius
Licinius
Constantine II
Licinius Iunior
Trier
Germania
Eusebius of Caesarea
Franks
Alamanni
Roman legion
Piraeus
Battle of the Hellespont
Bosporus
battle outside Chrysopolis
Imperator
God
Constantine II
Constantius II
Constans
Pola
Istria
Fausta
Zosimus
Joannes Zonaras
damnatio memoriae
pregnancy
Hippolytus
Athens
Theseus
Phaedra
Joseph and Potiphar's wife
Seneca
Phaedra
Alessandro Donati
Donizetti
Fausta
Sir Walter Scott
Count Robert of Paris

categories: Valerii,4th-century executions,Claudii,Flavii,Executed ancient Roman people,300s births,326 deaths,290s births,Constantine the Great,4th-century Romans,Year of birth unknown,Imperial Roman consuls,Caesar emperors,People executed by the Roman Empire,Julii,Ancient Roman generals,Constantinian dynasty,People from Pula

paragraph: Crispus

paragraph: Flavius Julius Crispus (; died 326), also known as Flavius Claudius Crispus and Flavius Valerius Crispus, was a Caesar of the Roman Empire. He was the first-born son of Constantine I and Minervina.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Crispus' year and place of birth are uncertain. He is considered likely to have been born between 299 and 305, possibly as early as 295, somewhere in the eastern Roman Empire. The earliest date is most likely, since he was being tutored in 309-310 by Lactantius. His mother Minervina was either a concubine or a first wife to Constantine. Nothing else is known about Minervina. His father served as a hostage in the court of Diocletian in Nicomedia, thus securing the loyalty of Constantine's father, Constantius Chlorus, who was Caesar to Maximian in the west at this time.

paragraph: In 307, Constantine allied to the Italian Augusti, and this alliance was sealed with the marriage of Constantine to Maximian's daughter Fausta. This marriage has caused modern historians to question his relationship to Minervina and Crispus. If Minervina were his legitimate wife, Constantine would have needed to secure a divorce before marrying Fausta, which would have required an official written order signed by Constantine himself, but no such order is mentioned by contemporary sources. This silence in the sources has led many historians to conclude that the relationship between Constantine and Minervina was informal and to assume her to have been an unofficial lover. However, Minervina might have already been dead by 307. A widowed Constantine would need no divorce.

paragraph: Neither the true nature of the relationship between Constantine and Minervina nor the reason Crispus came under the protection of his father will probably ever be known. The offspring of an illegitimate affair could have caused dynastic problems and would likely be dismissed, but Crispus was raised by his father in Gaul. This can be seen as evidence of a loving and public relationship between Constantine and Minervina which gave him a reason to protect her son.

paragraph: The story of Minervina is quite similar to that of Constantine's mother Helena. Constantine's father later had to divorce her for political reasons—specifically, to marry Flavia Maximiana Theodora, the daughter of Maximian. Constantius did not, however, dismiss Constantine as his son, and perhaps Constantine chose to follow the example of his father here as well.

paragraph: Whatever the reason, Constantine kept Crispus at his side. Surviving sources are unanimous in declaring him a loving, trusting and protective father to his first son. Constantine even entrusted his education to Lactantius, among the most important Christian teachers of that time, who probably started teaching Crispus before 317.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: By 313, there were two remaining Augusti in control of the Roman Empire—Constantine in the west and his brother-in-law Licinius in the east.

paragraph: On 1 March 317, the two co-reigning Augusti jointly proclaimed three new Caesars: Crispus, alongside his younger half-brother Constantine II, and his first cousin Licinius Iunior. Constantine II was the older son of Fausta but was probably about a month old at the time of his proclamation. Thus only Crispus assumed actual duties.

paragraph: Constantine apparently believed in the abilities of his son and appointed Crispus as Commander of Gaul. The new Caesar soon held residence in Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier), regional capital of Germania.

paragraph: In January 322, Crispus was married to a young woman called Helena. Helena bore him a son in October of that year. There is no surviving account of the name or later fate of the son. Eusebius of Caesarea reported that Constantine was proud of his son and very pleased to become a grandfather.

paragraph: Crispus was leader in victorious military operations against the Franks and the Alamanni in 318, 320 and 323. Thus he secured the continued Roman presence in the areas of Gaul and Germania. The soldiers adored him thanks to his strategic abilities and the victories to which he had led the Roman legions.

paragraph: Crispus spent the following years assisting Constantine in the war against by then hostile Licinius. In 324, Constantine appointed Crispus as the commander of his fleet which left the port of Piraeus to confront Licinius' fleet. The subsequent Battle of the Hellespont was fought at the straits of Bosporus. The 200 ships under the command of Crispus managed to decisively defeat the enemy forces, which were at least double in number. Thus Crispus achieved his most important and difficult victory which further established his reputation as a brilliant general.

paragraph: Following his navy activities, Crispus was assigned part of the legions loyal to his father. The other part was commanded by Constantine himself. Crispus led the legions assigned to him in another victorious battle outside Chrysopolis against the armies of Licinius.

paragraph: The two victories were his contribution to the final triumph of his father over Licinius. Constantine was the only Augustus left in the Empire. He honoured his son for his support and success by depicting his face in imperial coins, statues, mosaics, cameos, etc. Eusebius of Caesaria wrote for Crispus that he is "an Imperator most dear to God and in all regards comparable to his father."

paragraph: Crispus was the most likely choice for an heir to the throne at the time. His siblings Constantine II, Constantius II and Constans were far too young and knew very little about the tasks of an emperor. However, Crispus would never assume the throne.

paragraph: Section::::Execution.

paragraph: In 326, Crispus' life came to a sudden end. Therein upon his father's orders, he was tried by a local court at Pola, Istria, condemned to death and execution by hanging. Soon afterwards, Constantine had his own wife, Fausta, killed; she was drowned in an over-heated bath.

paragraph: The reason for this act remains unclear and historians have long debated Constantine's motivation. Zosimus in the 5th century and Joannes Zonaras in the 12th century both reported that Fausta, stepmother of Crispus, was extremely jealous of him. She was reportedly afraid that Constantine would put aside the sons she bore him. So, in order to get rid of Crispus, Fausta set him up. She reportedly told the young Caesar that she was in love with him and suggested an illegitimate love affair. Crispus denied the immoral wishes of Fausta and left the palace in a state of shock. Then Fausta said to Constantine that Crispus had no respect for his father, since the Caesar was in love with his father's own wife. She reported to Constantine that she dismissed him after his attempt to rape her. Constantine believed her and, true to his strong personality and short temper, executed his beloved son. A few months later, Constantine reportedly found out the whole truth and then killed Fausta.

paragraph: This version of events has become the most widely accepted, since all other reports are even less satisfactory. That Fausta and Crispus could have plotted treason against Constantine is rejected by most historians, as they would have nothing to gain considering their positions as his favourites. In any case, such a case would not have been tried by a local court as Crispus' case clearly was. Another view suggests that Constantine killed Crispus because as a supposedly illegitimate son, he would cause a crisis in the order of succession to the throne. However, Constantine had kept him at his side for twenty years without any such decision. Constantine also had the authority to appoint his younger, legitimate sons as his heirs. Some reports claimed that Constantine was envious of the success of his son and afraid of him. This seems improbable, given that Constantine had twenty years of experience as emperor while Crispus was still a young Caesar. Similarly, there seems to be no evidence that Crispus had any ambitions to harm or displace his father.

paragraph: So while the story of Zosimus and Zonaras seems the most believable one, there are also problems relating to their version of events. Constantine's reaction suggests that he suspected Crispus of a crime so terrible that death was not enough. Crispus, his wife Helena and their son also suffered damnatio memoriae, meaning their names were never mentioned again and deleted from all official documents and monuments. The eventual fate of Helena and her son is a mystery. Constantine did not restore his son's innocence and name, as he probably would have on learning of his son's innocence. Perhaps Constantine's pride, or shame at having executed his son, prevented him from publicly admitting having made a mistake.

paragraph: It is beyond doubt that there was a connection between the deaths of Crispus and Fausta. Such agreement among different sources connecting two deaths is extremely rare in itself. A number of modern historians have suggested that Crispus and Fausta really did have an affair. When Constantine found out, his reaction was to have both of them killed. A possible cause of delay in the death of Fausta is pregnancy. Since the years of birth for the two known daughters of Constantine and Fausta remain unknown, one of their births could have delayed their mother's execution.

paragraph: The story of Zosimus and Zonaras listed above is similar to both the legend of Hippolytus of Athens (casting Crispus in the role of the youth, Constantine in the role of Theseus and Fausta in the role of Phaedra) as well as the Biblical account of Joseph and Potiphar's wife (Genesis 39).

paragraph: Section::::In literature.

paragraph: Crispus became a popular tragic hero after the success of Bernardino Stefonio's neo-Latin tragedy "Crispus", which was performed at the Jesuit Collegio Romano in 1597. Closely modelled on Seneca's "Phaedra", this became a model of Jesuit tragedy and one of the main bases for Alessandro Donati's 1631 "Ars Poetic" and Tarquinio Galluzzi's 1633 "Defense of Crispus". The play was adapted for the French stage by Francois de Grenaille as "L'Innocent malhereux" (1639) and by Tristan l'Hermite as "La Morte de Chrispe ou les maleurs du grand Constantine" (1645). It was performed as an opera in Rome (1720) and London (1721), where it was entitled, "Crispo: drama", not to mention Donizetti's 1832 opera Fausta. The story is also retold and embellished in chapter 31 of Sir Walter Scott's novel "Count Robert of Paris".

paragraph: Section::::References and sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- References

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sources

description: Roman emperor

wikidata_label: Crispus

wikipedia_title: Crispus


text: Cleomenes I

text: Sparta

text: Leonidas I

text: Battle of Thermopylae

text: Herodotus

text: king of Sparta

text: Histories

text: Cleomenes

text: Anaxandridas II

text: Aristagoras

text: Miletus

text: Pleistarchus

text: Demaratus

text: Xerxes

text: David Kahn

text: The Codebreakers

text: Plutarch

text: Pleistarchus

text: Cleombrotus

text: Pausanias

text: Battle of Plataea

text: Leotychidas

text: Lacedaemon

text: Anna Synodinou

text: The 300 Spartans

text: Gary Corby

text: Frank Miller

text: Lena Headey

text: biographical novel

text: agoge

text: Civilization VI

text: A Profile of Gorgo

text: Sparta-Leonidas-Gorgo

categories: Spartans of the Greco-Persian Wars,5th-century BC Spartans,Battle of Thermopylae,5th-century BC women,Ancient Spartan queens consort,Year of birth uncertain,Spartan princesses,Year of death unknown,6th-century BC births

paragraph: Gorgo, Queen of Sparta

paragraph: Gorgo (; ; fl. 480 BC) was a Queen of Sparta. She was the daughter and the only known child of Cleomenes I, King of Sparta (r. 520–490 BC) during the 6th and 5th centuries BC. She was the wife of King Leonidas I, Cleomenes' half-brother, who fought and died in the Battle of Thermopylae. Gorgo is noted as one of the few female historical figures actually named by Herodotus, and was known for her political judgement and wisdom. She is notable for being the daughter of a king of Sparta, the wife of another, and the mother of a third. Her birth date is uncertain, but is most likely to have been between 518 and 508 BC, based on Herodotus' dating ("Histories" 5.51).

paragraph: Section::::Family background.

paragraph: Her father Cleomenes was the eldest-born son of the previous Agiad king, Anaxandridas II, and succeeded his father at his death; however, he had three paternal half-brothers, of whom the eldest, Dorieus, would cause him some trouble. The other two half-brothers were Leonidas I and Cleombrotus. All four were sons of Anaxandridas II, one of the dual kings of Sparta of the Agiad house.

paragraph: According to one version (Herodotus's "Histories", 5.4), Gorgo's grandfather Anaxandridas II was long married without children, and was advised to remarry (i.e. take a second wife) which he did. His second wife gave birth to the future Cleomenes I who was thus his eldest son; however, his first wife also became pregnant, and eventually had three sons, including Leonidas I. This version is however not supported by other sources, which imply that Cleomenes was either born by the king's first marriage or by a non-marital alliance. Most historians favor Herodotus because he is the earliest source. In either case, there appears to have been some tension between the eldest son and his half-brothers, resolved only by the former's death (or murder) and the accession of Leonidas I (at once his half-brother and his son-in-law).

paragraph: According to Herodotus's Histories, at about the age of eight to nine years old, she advised her father Cleomenes not to trust Aristagoras of Miletus, a foreign diplomat trying to induce Cleomenes to support an Ionian revolt against Persians. "Father, you had better have this man go away, or the stranger will corrupt you". Cleomenes followed her advice.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and reign.

paragraph: Looking forward to Cleomenes' death, his only surviving child Gorgo became his sole heiress. She was apparently already married by 490 to her half-uncle Leonidas I.King Leonidas and Queen Gorgo would have at least one child, a son, Pleistarchus, co-King of Sparta from 480 BC to his death in 459 BC/458 BC.

paragraph: Arguably, Gorgo's most significant role occurred prior to the Persian invasion of 480 BC. According to Herodotus's "Histories", Demaratus, then in exile at the Persian court, sent a warning to Sparta about Xerxes's pending invasion. In order to prevent the message from being intercepted by the Persians or their vassal states, the message was written on a wooden tablet and then covered with wax. "The Spartans", presumably the ephors, Gerousia or the kings, did not know what to do with the seemingly blank wax-tablet, until Queen Gorgo advised them to clear the wax off the tablet. She is described by David Kahn in his book The Codebreakers as one of the first female cryptanalysts whose name has been recorded.

paragraph: According to Plutarch, before the Battle of Thermopylae, knowing that her husband's death in battle was inevitable, she asked him what to do. Leonidas replied "marry a good man who will treat you well, bear him children, and live a good life".

paragraph: Section::::Children.

paragraph: She had at least one son by Leonidas I, Pleistarchus, co-King of Sparta from 480 BC to his death in 458 BC.

paragraph: Her son was a minor at his father's death, so his uncle Cleombrotus (died 480 BC) and then his first cousin and heir Pausanias (r. 480-479 BC) acted as his regent. It was Pausanias who was the architect of the combined Greek victory at the Battle of Plataea (479 BC). After Pausanias fell into disfavor and was accused of plotting treason, Leonidas's son Pleistarchus ruled with the other king of Sparta, Leotychidas II (and then his grandson Archidamus) until his death 459/458 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Historical mentions.

paragraph: There are sections where she is present at court or in council and gives advice to the king or the elders. This indicates either that Gorgo was highly thought of by Herodotus, who often left out the names of the female figures he included in his books, or that as the wife of Leonidas I, her actions and counsel were all the more noteworthy.

paragraph: Plutarch quotes Queen Gorgo as follows:

paragraph: "When asked by a woman from Attica, 'Why are you Spartan women the only ones who can rule men?', she said: 'Because we are also the only ones who give birth to men.'" Another version has this as, "...some foreign lady, as it would seem, told her that the women of Lacedaemon were the only women in the world who could rule men; 'With good reason,' she said, 'for we are the only women who bring forth men.'" (Plutarch's "Lives": Lycurgus)

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Queen Gorgo was portrayed by Greek actress and future politician Anna Synodinou in the 1962 film "The 300 Spartans".

paragraph: Gorgo appears as a major character in "Sacred Games", by Gary Corby.

paragraph: The character makes a minor appearance in the 1998 comic series "300" by Frank Miller, who was heavily inspired by the aforementioned film. In the 2006 motion picture adaptation of the comic, "300", English actress Lena Headey plays Gorgo. In this version, her more important role in the events preceding and during the war with Persia is shown as she is politically more involved. Headey reprised her role in the 2014 sequel, "".

paragraph: Helena P. Schrader has published the first book in a three-part biographical novel on Leonidas and Gorgo. The first book, "Leonidas of Sparta: A Boy of the Agoge", focuses on Leonidas's boyhood in the notorious Spartan "agoge", but books two and three will give prominence to Gorgo too.

paragraph: Gorgo is one of the two leaders of Greece in the strategic video game "Civilization VI".

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Profile of Gorgo from a website.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herodotus's Histories Book VII "Polymnia" where Gorgo is mentioned in Section 239 (7.239) advising the Spartan elders after Thermopylae.

paragraph: BULLET::::- For a number of essays on Leonidas and Gorgo visit Helena Schrader's website Sparta-Leonidas-Gorgo

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blundell, Sue. "Women in Ancient Greece". British Museum Press, London, 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sealey, Raphael. "Women and Law in Classical Greece". University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill & London, 1990.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pomeroy, Sarah. "Spartan Women". Oxford University Press, 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schrader, Helena P., '"Scandalous" Spartan Women,' Sparta Reconsidered,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schrader, Helena P., "Scenes from a Spartan Marriage," "Sparta: Journal of Ancient Spartan and Greek History," Vol.6, #1.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schrader, Helena P., "The Bride of Leonidas," the Leonidas Trilogy,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schrader, Helena P., "Leonidas of Sparta: A Peerless Peer". Wheatmark, Tucson, 2011.

alias:
Gorgo, Queen of Sparta
Queen Margo

description: wife of Spartan king Leonidas I

wikidata_label: Gorgo

wikipedia_title: Gorgo, Queen of Sparta


text:
baseball
outfielder
Lakeshore Catholic High School
Port Colborne, Ontario
2005 Major League Baseball draft
first baseman
outfield
Burlington Indians
Team Canada
2008 Olympics
Beijing
Baseball America
Nick Weglarz' Olympic Page

categories: Baseball outfielders,Lake County Captains players,Kinston Indians players,Canadian baseball players,Baseball people from Ontario,1987 births,Living people,Gulf Coast Indians players,Akron Aeros players,Baseball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics,Olympic baseball players of Canada,People from Port Colborne,Burlington Indians players,2009 World Baseball Classic players,All-Star Futures Game players,Columbus Clippers players,Canadian expatriate baseball players in the United States

paragraph: Nick Weglarz

paragraph: Nicholas E. Weglarz (born December 16, 1987) is a Canadian former professional baseball outfielder.

paragraph: He attended Lakeshore Catholic High School in Port Colborne, Ontario. Weglarz was selected in the 2005 Major League Baseball draft in the third round (94th overall pick) as a first baseman by the Indians, and signed by Indians scout Les Pajari. Weglarz played mostly in the outfield for the Indians' affiliate the Burlington Indians.

paragraph: Nick was also a part of Team Canada's baseball team in the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, where he hit .400 in the preliminaries, and .450 in the Olympic qualifier against Taiwan.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baseball America

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nick Weglarz' Olympic Page

description: Canadian baseball player

wikidata_label: Nick Weglarz

wikipedia_title: Nick Weglarz