text:
Canadian football
linebacker
BC Lions
Canadian Football League
2017 CFL Draft
college football
Simon Fraser Clan
Justin Herdman-Reed
Toronto Argonauts
Philadelphia Eagles
Winnipeg Blue Bombers
Montreal Concordes
New Orleans Breakers
Washington Federals
Saskatchewan Roughriders
BC Lions bio

categories: Simon Fraser Clan football players,Canadian football linebackers,Twin sportspeople,Sportspeople from Winnipeg,1994 births,Twin people from Canada,Players of Canadian football from Manitoba,BC Lions players,Living people

paragraph: Jordan Herdman-Reed

paragraph: Jordan Herdman-Reed (born July 21, 1994) is a professional Canadian football linebacker for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted 60th overall in the 2017 CFL Draft by the Lions and signed with the team on May 23, 2017. He played college football with the Simon Fraser Clan.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Herdman-Reed's twin brother, Justin Herdman-Reed, who is two minutes younger, also plays professionally as a linebacker for the Toronto Argonauts. Their father, James Reed, was also a professional linebacker who played for the Philadelphia Eagles, Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Montreal Concordes, New Orleans Breakers, Washington Federals, Saskatchewan Roughriders, and Toronto Argonauts.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- BC Lions bio

wikidata_label: Jordan Herdman

wikipedia_title: Jordan Herdman-Reed


text:
Conservative Party
Kincardineshire
Sir Alexander Ramsay, 2nd Baronet
Alexander Entwisle
MP
Rochdale
1857 general election
Radical
Edward Miall
Baronet of Balmain

categories: Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,1813 births,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom,1875 deaths,UK MPs 1857–1859

paragraph: Sir Alexander Ramsay, 3rd Baronet

paragraph: Sir Alexander Ramsay, 3rd Baronet (26 May 1813 - 3 March 1875) was a Conservative Party politician.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Baptised at Fettercairn, Kincardineshire in 1813, Ramsay was the son of his namesake Sir Alexander Ramsay, 2nd Baronet and Jane née Russell. He married Ellen Matilda Entwisle, daughter of John Smith Entwisle, in 1835 and they had five children: Ellen Augusta, Alexander Entwisle (1837–1902); Hugh Francis (1838–1890); John (1843–1913); and Bertin (1850–1907).

paragraph: Section::::Parliamentary career.

paragraph: After contesting the seat unsuccessfully in both 1837 and 1852, Ramsay was elected Conservative MP for Rochdale at the 1857 general election, gaining the seat from the Radical Edward Miall. However, he did not attempt to retain the seat at the next election in 1859.

paragraph: Section::::Baronetage.

paragraph: Ramsay became the 3rd Baronet of Balmain upon his father's death in 1852. Upon his own death in 1875, the title was passed to his son Alexander Entwisle.

alias:
Alexander Ramsay
Sir Alexander Ramsay

description: politician

wikidata_label: Sir Alexander Ramsay, 3rd Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir Alexander Ramsay, 3rd Baronet


text:
Apostolic Nuncio to Emperor
Bishop of Cremona
Apostolic Nuncio to Spain
Bishop of Novara
Cremona
Italy
Pope Gregory XIII
Bishop of Novara
consecrated
Tolomeo Gallio
Cardinal-Priest
Sant'Agata de' Goti
Giovanni D'Amato
Bishop Emeritus of Minori
Paolo Odescalchi
Bishop Emeritus of Penne e Atri
co-consecrators
Pope Sixtus V
Apostolic Nuncio to Spain
Pope Gregory XIV
Bishop of Cremona
Pope Clement VIII
Apostolic Nuncio to Emperor
Apostolic Nuncio to Germany
Spoleto
Italy
principal consecrator
José Anglés
Bishop of Bosa
Andrés Pacheco
Bishop of Segovia
Zbynék Berka z Dubé a Liepé
Archbishop of Prague
Simon Feuerstein
Titular Bishop
Auxiliary Bishop of Brixen

categories: Bishops appointed by Pope Clement VIII,Bishops appointed by Pope Gregory XIV,1539 births,16th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Bishops appointed by Pope Sixtus V,17th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Bishops appointed by Pope Gregory XIII,Apostolic Nuncios to Spain,1607 deaths,Apostolic Nuncios to the Holy Roman Empire

paragraph: Cesare Speciano

paragraph: Cesare Speciano or Cesare Speciani (1539–1607) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Apostolic Nuncio to Emperor (1592–1597), Bishop of Cremona (1591–1607), Apostolic Nuncio to Spain (1585–1588), and Bishop of Novara (1584–1591).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Cesare Speciano was born in Cremona, Italy on 1 Sep 1539 on ordained a priest in 1567.

paragraph: On 28 November 1584, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Novara.

paragraph: On 13 December 1584, he was consecrated bishop by Tolomeo Gallio, Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Agata de' Goti, with Giovanni D'Amato, Bishop Emeritus of Minori, and Paolo Odescalchi, Bishop Emeritus of Penne e Atri, serving as co-consecrators.

paragraph: On 11 December 1585, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Sixtus V as Apostolic Nuncio to Spain; he resigned from the position on 27 August 1588.

paragraph: On 30 January 1591, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIV as Bishop of Cremona.

paragraph: On 14 May 1592, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement VIII as Apostolic Nuncio to Emperor; he resigned from the position (then known as Apostolic Nuncio to Germany) on 20 June 1597.

paragraph: He served as Bishop of Cremona until his death on 21 August 1607 in Spoleto, Italy.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopal succession.

paragraph: While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of:

paragraph: BULLET::::- José Anglés, Bishop of Bosa (1587);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrés Pacheco, Bishop of Segovia (1588);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zbynék Berka z Dubé a Liepé, Archbishop of Prague (1593); and

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simon Feuerstein, Titular Bishop of "Belline" and Auxiliary Bishop of Brixen (1598).

paragraph: Section::::External links and additional sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (for Chronology of Bishops)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (for Chronology of Bishops)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (for Chronology of Bishops)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (for Chronology of Bishops)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (for Chronology of Bishops)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (for Chronology of Bishops)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (for Chronology of Bishops)

wikidata_label: Cesare Speciano

wikipedia_title: Cesare Speciano


text:
White Lung
Vancouver
British Columbia
Vancouver Magazine
Hearty
White Lung
Sorry
Domino
Vice Media
Talkhouse
Hustler
The Guardian
i-D
Dazed
Los Angeles Times
V
Penthouse
Anna Wintour
Yves Saint Laurent
Vogue
David Sims
Used to Love Her
Guns N' Roses
Saviours
Los Angeles
body dysmorphia
addiction

categories: Canadian punk rock singers,Women magazine editors,21st-century women singers,American magazine editors,Living people

paragraph: Mish Barber-Way

paragraph: Mish Barber-Way (born 15 July 1985) is a Canadian singer, songwriter and writer. She serves as the lead vocalist of the punk rock band White Lung.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Barber-Way was born on 15 July 1985 in Vancouver, British Columbia. As a child, she competed in figure skating before focusing on music and writing. In university, Barber-Way originally studied writing before switching to programs in philosophy and gender studies. During her post-secondary education, she worked as an intern for Vancouver Magazine and Hearty. During her teens, she worked as a dry cleaner.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Barber-Way started playing music in her former boyfriend's band before co-forming White Lung in 2006. After the release of White Lung's second studio album "Sorry", Barber-Way considered leaving the band to concentrate on her writing career, but ultimately decided to stay after "Sorry" grew in popularity and the band was given a record contract with Domino. While singing in White Lung, Barber-Way wrote articles for various media sources including Vice Media, "Talkhouse", "Hustler", "The Guardian", "i-D", "Dazed", "Los Angeles Times", "V", among others. She is also the executive editor at "Penthouse", as well as the music editor for "BriteLite" magazine. In 2015, Anna Wintour let Barber-Way model Yves Saint Laurent in "Vogue"s September issue, shot by David Sims. In 2016, Barber-Way performed a cover of "Used to Love Her" by Guns N' Roses.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Barber-Way is married to singer Austin Barber of American rock band Saviours, and live in the suburbs of Los Angeles. In prior albums with White Lung, Barber-Way incorporated songs about her personal experience with body dysmorphia and addiction.

description: Canadian musician

wikidata_label: Mish Barber-Way

wikipedia_title: Mish Barber-Way


text:
Berlin Zoo
NDSAP
GDR
Reichenbach
University of Leipzig
Karl Max Schneider
woodchat shrike
market
Leipzig University
Friedrichsfelde
Friedrichshain

categories: Recipients of the National Prize of East Germany,German ornithologists,Nazi Party members,Recipients of the Star of People's Friendship,Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in gold,German zoologists,Zoo directors,East German scientists

paragraph: Heinrich Dathe

paragraph: Curt Heinrich Dathe (7 November 1910- 6 January 1991) was a German zoologist best known for being the director of the Berlin Zoo where he helped in popularizing animal conservation and worked on the successful captive breeding of a range of animals including numerous species of birds. As a youth he joined to become a member of the NDSAP, the Nazi party, and regretted it in a posthumous biography. He received the national prize of the GDR in 1965. A school in Berlin is named after him.

paragraph: Dathe was born in Reichenbach where his father was an office manager. In the 1930s he studied zoology, botany and geology at the University of Leipzig. He was interested in research and travel. His early work was as an assistant at the Leipzig zoological gardens under Karl Max Schneider and he worked on a doctoral thesis on the male reproductive organs of guinea pigs and other rodents. He became a deputy director of Leipzig zoo. In 1932 he joined the NSDAP due to feelings of patriotism. During the second world war he was injured in one arm. At the end of the war he was held as a British prisoner. During this time he contemplated suicide but was inspired when he saw a woodchat shrike. He gave ornithological lectures to the other prisoners. When he returned to Leipzig he was not allowed to work due to his former party membership. He worked in a series of small jobs, helping on the market, and at one point employed to imitate different bird songs on the radio. From 1950 he allowed to teach at Leipzig University. 1950 was also the year in which he was hired by Leipzig Zoo. Between 1955 and 1957 he served as acting director.

paragraph: Dathe helped rebuild the Berlin zoo after the war. He was appointed director for the zoo and he served for more than three decades during which time he appeared regularly in radio and TV shows making him popular.

paragraph: In his memoirs Dathe downplayed his association with the Nazi party. He claimed that he joined the party before it became politically powerful. Dathe however was a director of the chapter (Ortsgruppe) at Leipzig zoo that helped in grassroots activities.

paragraph: Dathe died of cancer in 1991. His grave in Friedrichsfelde is specially honored by the city of Berlin. His sons Holger and Falk are also well known zoologists. Heinrich-Dathe-Platz and Dathe-promenade at the Tierpark metro station are named after him. A memorial plaque was installed in the elephant house at the zoo in 2012. A school in Friedrichshain was renamed after him as the Dathe-Gymnasium but it was criticized on the basis of Dathe's NSDAP membership but this was debated and finally retained by a committee.

description: German ornithologist and zoologist

wikidata_label: Heinrich Dathe

wikipedia_title: Heinrich Dathe


text: Firenze

text: Bagnoregio

text: Cardinal

text: Catholic Church

text: Roberto Pucci

text: Lorenzo Pucci

text: Santa Maria sopra Minerva

text: Fifth Council of the Lateran

text: Nuncio

text: Switzerland

text: Pistoia

text: Vannes

text: Penitentiary major

text: Pope Clement VII

text: titular church

text: Santi Quattro Coronati

text: Pope Paul III

text: suburbicarian diocese

text: Albano

text: Sabina

text: principal consecrator

wikipedia_title: Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas

wikipedia_title: Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Albano

wikipedia_title: Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto

categories: Pucci family,Italian cardinals,16th-century Roman Catholic bishops,1485 births,1544 deaths,People from Florence,Major Penitentiaries of the Apostolic Penitentiary

paragraph: Antonio Pucci (cardinal)

paragraph: Antonio Pucci (born 8 October 1485 in Firenze – 12 October 1544 in Bagnoregio) was a Cardinal of the Catholic Church.

paragraph: Antonio Pucci emanated from the Florentine noble family of Pucci. He was a nephew of Cardinals Roberto Pucci and Lorenzo Pucci.

paragraph: On March 7, 1510, the feast of St. Thomas, Pucci delivered the annual encomium in honor of the "angelic doctor" for the Santa Maria sopra Minerva "studium generale", the future Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas, "Angelicum".

paragraph: After Antonio Pucci participated in the Fifth Council of the Lateran (1512–1517), he served as Nuncio in Switzerland from 1517 to 1521. From 1518 he was bishop of Pistoia. From 1529 to 1541 Pucci was bishop of Vannes. Since 1 October 1529 he was Penitentiary major. Pucci was appointed Cardinal by Pope Clement VII on 22 September 1531. His titular church was Santi Quattro Coronati. He participated in the papal conclave of 1534 that elected Pope Paul III. Pucci later became bishop of the suburbicarian dioceses of Albano (1542/43) and of Sabina (1543/44).

paragraph: Section::::Episcopal succession.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antonio Cardinal Pucci on catholic-hierarchy.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pucci, Antonio. Historic Lexicon of Switzerland.

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Antonio Pucci

wikipedia_title: Antonio Pucci (cardinal)


text: Llewelyn Davies and du Maurier

text: Elizabeth Ponsonby

text: Bright Young Things

text: Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry

text: Gwendoline Maud Parry

text: Elizabeth Ponsonby

text: Margaret Llewelyn Davies

text: Arthur Llewelyn Davies

text: Sylvia du Maurier

text: J. M. Barrie

categories: English women writers,English socialites,Women diarists,20th-century British women writers,Women letter writers,1876 births,English letter writers,1963 deaths,Ponsonby family

paragraph: Dorothea Ponsonby

paragraph: Dorothea "Dolly" Ponsonby (1876 – 11 July 1963) was an English writer and close friends of the Llewelyn Davies and du Maurier families. She was the mother of Elizabeth Ponsonby of the Bright Young Things.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Dorothea "Dolly" Parry was born in 1876, the daughter of Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry, 1st Baronet and Lady Elizabeth Maude Herbert (1851–1933). Her sister was Gwendoline Maud Parry.

paragraph: On 12 April 1898 she married Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede and had two children: Hon. Elizabeth Ponsonby (1900–1940, married John Denis Cavendish Pelly) and Matthew Ponsonby, 2nd Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede (1904–1976).

paragraph: In 1917, together with her husband, she wrote "Rebels and Reformers".

paragraph: She was a close friend of the Llewelyn Davies' family, a connection that started with her mother, Elizabeth Maude Herbert, who was friends (and admirer) of Margaret Llewelyn Davies, and Dolly became friends with Arthur Llewelyn Davies and in particular close friend with Sylvia du Maurier. She was also a close friend of J. M. Barrie.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Dorothea Ponsonby died on 11 July 1963. She left a body of letters and her diaries which provide a useful insight into her life and the notable people that she socialised with.

wikidata_label: Dorothea Parry Ponsonby

wikipedia_title: Dorothea Ponsonby


text:
Petershagen
Prussia
St. Louis
Missouri
Prussian Rhineland
Friedrich Wilhelm von Bismarck
Württemberg
Goethe
St. Louis
Oktibbeha County
Mississippi
Georgetown College
Brown University
Edgar Allan Poe
Sarah Helen Whitman
Warren County
Hegel
Science of Logic
William Torrey Harris
St. Louis Hegelians
John Smith Phelps
booster
Lilian Whiting
Bronson Alcott

categories: Members of the Missouri House of Representatives,19th-century American philosophers,People from Petershagen,1826 births,Missouri Democrats,Missouri state senators,Hegelian philosophers,Politicians from St. Louis,Writers from St. Louis,People from Warren County, Missouri,1906 deaths

paragraph: Henry Clay Brockmeyer

paragraph: Henry Clay Brockmeyer (born August 12, 1826 near Petershagen, Prussia; died St. Louis, Missouri, July 26, 1906) was a German-American poet, philosopher, and politician.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Brockmeyer was born Heinrich Conrad Brokmeyer in the Prussian Rhineland, near Petershagen, to a well-to-do family. On his mother's side he was a nephew of Friedrich Wilhelm von Bismarck, a Napoleonic-era general and diplomat in Württemberg. He emigrated to the United States at the age of sixteen, reputedly after his religious mother burned his copy of Goethe's poems. Brockmeyer arrived in St. Louis around age 20 and worked in a tannery and in other trades. He built a prosperous shoe-making business in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi and sold it when his health declined. He attended classes at Kentucky's Georgetown College for two years, but was threatened with expulsion over religious differences and withdrew, attending next Brown University, where he again attended classes for several years, contentiously, without completing a degree. He did manage to make the acquaintance of several literary notables, including Edgar Allan Poe and Sarah Helen Whitman.

paragraph: Section::::Philosophy.

paragraph: Returning to St. Louis, Brockmeyer left the city and lived in a cabin in rural Warren County for three years, continuing his studies while living off the land. In 1856 he started work on a translation of Hegel's Science of Logic. He returned to St. Louis to work in several iron foundries there, and met William Torrey Harris, then beginning a promising career in education. Harris was impressed with Brockmeyer's thought and knowledge of Hegel and invited him to teach Harris and a group of friends. These sessions marked the beginning of the St. Louis Hegelians. After a return to his cabin in Warren County, Brockmeyer became ill and with Harris' assistance returned to St. Louis to recover his health. There he completed his translation, which Harris started to publish in 1867 in his "Journal of Speculative Philosophy".

paragraph: Section::::Politics.

paragraph: At the beginning of the Civil War Brockmeyer, a strong Union man, enlisted in the militia and helped organize a regiment, but, in the confusion of the time, was accused of disloyalty, arrested and imprisoned briefly. A short time later he was elected to the state house of representatives from Warren County; as a representative he led a committee investigating rebel efforts to control local Missouri governments and militia regiments. After his term of office he moved to St. Louis to practice law, having been admitted to the bar in Warren County.

paragraph: In 1866 Brockmeyer was elected alderman in St. Louis, and in 1870 was elected to the state senate. In 1874 he was elected as a delegate to the constitutional convention of 1875. The following year he was elected lieutenant governor under the new constitution, and briefly served as acting governor during an illness of governor John Smith Phelps.

paragraph: Brockmeyer was a strong booster of St. Louis and a believer in the "Great St. Louis Illusion"; he reportedly suffered greatly from the growing ascendancy of Chicago in the 1870s and 1880s. After retiring from public life in 1890, Brockmeyer may have spent time living in the Oklahoma Territory. He continued to work on his translations. Most of them were never published, but were read in manuscript by the St. Louis Hegelians.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Brockmeyer's personality and thought had a strong impact on all who met him. Writer Lilian Whiting wrote that his "strange personality dominated everyone", despite the fact that he "had no converse with social amenities." Brockmeyer openly heckled Bronson Alcott when he spoke in St. Louis. Denton Jacques Snider called Brockmeyer "a genuine original elemental poet" and said that "Without this poetic power he could not have barbed his weighty philosophy with flashes of lightning which would pierce and illumine for a moment at least the dullest and darkest brainpan." Harris acknowledged Brockmeyer's teaching and translations in his 1890 work "Hegel's Logic: A Critical Exposition". Another historian of this group called Brockmeyer "the inspirer, the Socrates of this movement, as Dr. Harris was the propagator, its Plato."

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Brockmeyer married Elizabeth Robertson in 1861; she died in 1864 leaving him with three small children. He remarried in 1867, to Julia Kienlen (1845-1924), the daughter of German immigrant Christian Frederich Kienlen and Marie Louise Moreau, a St. Louis native of French-colonial descent. He had two children with Julia, Eugene Brokmeyer (b. 1870) and Julia Louise Walsh (1875-1940).

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Foggy Night in Newport (play) - 1860

paragraph: BULLET::::- Speech of Hon. H.C. Brockmeyer, delivered in the Senate of Missouri, February 8th, 1872, upon the bill to repeal the usury law, and remove all restrictions upon the rate of interest to be charged for the use of money - 1872

paragraph: BULLET::::- New constitution: reasons why a constitutional convention should be called: defects of the present organic law of Missouri: speech of Hon. H.C. Brockmeyer at the Temple, Oct. 24, 1874

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Errand Boy: A Comedy in Five Acts (play) - 1904

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Mechanic's Diary (semi-autobiographical novel) - 1910.

wikidata_label: Henry Conrad Brokmeyer

wikipedia_title: Henry Clay Brockmeyer


text:
Viking
Normandy
France
Duke of Normandy
William Longsword
Richard I
Richard II
Dano-Norwegian
Norsemen
Frankish
Charles the Simple
West Francia
Rouen
Duchy of Normandy
Normans
Norman conquest of England
conquest of southern Italy and Sicily
Norman England
House of Normandy
Kingdom of Sicily
Kings of Sicily
Principality of Antioch
Europe
Near East
latinisation
Hrólfr
Gesta Danorum
Old Norse
byname
Dudo
baptismal name
Norman French
Wace
Henry II of England
besieged Paris in 885–886
Dudo of Saint-Quentin
Robert the Dane
William of Jumièges
Orderic Vitalis
Goffredo Malaterra
Benedictine
William of Malmesbury
Benoît de Sainte-More
Chronique des ducs de Normandie
Faxe
Sjælland
Fauske
Hålogaland
Scania
Harald Finehair
Gruffudd ap Cynan
Iceland
saga
Heimskringla
Orkneyinga Saga
horse
Trondheim
Norway
Rognvald Eysteinsson
Hildr Hrólfsdóttir
Ketill Flatnose
King of the Isles
Western Isles
onomastic
Rouen
Flodoard
Rouen
Guthrum
Popa
William Longsword
Charles III
Gisla
Charles III
Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte
Epte
Risle
Rouen
Rouen
King Charles the Simple
Rudolph of France
Robert the Strong
Bayeux
Brittany
Cotentin peninsula
Flodoard
William
William Longsword
Richard the Fearless
Duchy of Normandy
West Francia
Frankish
Catholic
Normans
Normandy
William the Conqueror
Gerloc
William III, Duke of Aquitaine
William of Jumièges
An Banshenchas
Beollán mac Ciarmaic
King of South Brega
abducted
Einarr Helgason
Guðrún Ósvífrsdóttir
Laxdœla saga
genetic
Richard the Good
John Lackland
King Philip Augustus
infighting
Rouen
Rollo Duke of Normandy
John Fletcher
Philip Massinger
Ben Jonson
George Chapman
Clive Standen
Ragnar Lothbrok
History Channel
"Vikings"

categories: Converts to Christianity from pagan religions,Burials at Rouen Cathedral,House of Normandy,Norman warriors,Viking warriors,10th-century rulers in Europe,860s births,10th-century Dukes of Normandy,Rollo,930s deaths,Dukes of Normandy,Duchy of Normandy,Viking rulers

paragraph: Rollo

paragraph: Rollo or Gaange Rolf (; ; ;  – ) was a Viking who became the first ruler of Normandy, a region in northern France. He is sometimes called the first Duke of Normandy. His son and grandson, William Longsword and Richard I, used the titles "count" (Latin or "consul") and "prince" ("princeps"). His great-grandson Richard II was the first to officially use the title of Duke of Normandy. His Scandinavian name "Rolf" was extended to "Gaange Rolf" because he became too heavy as an adult for a horse to carry; therefore he had to walk ("ganga" in older Dano-Norwegian). Rollo emerged as the outstanding personality among the Norsemen who had secured a permanent foothold on Frankish soil in the valley of the lower Seine. Charles the Simple, the king of West Francia, ceded them lands between the mouth of the Seine and what is now Rouen in exchange for Rollo agreeing to end his brigandage, and provide the Franks with protection against future Viking raids.

paragraph: Rollo is first recorded as the leader of these Viking settlers in a charter of 918, and he continued to reign over the region of Normandy until at least 928. He was succeeded by his son William Longsword in the Duchy of Normandy that he had founded. The offspring of Rollo and his followers became known as the Normans. After the Norman conquest of England and their conquest of southern Italy and Sicily over the following two centuries, their descendants came to rule Norman England (the House of Normandy), the Kingdom of Sicily (the Kings of Sicily) as well as the Principality of Antioch from the 10th to 12th century, leaving behind an enduring legacy in the histories of Europe and the Near East.

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: The name Rollo is generally presumed to be a latinisation of the Old Norse name Hrólfr – a theory that is supported by the rendition of Hrólfr as "Roluo" in the "Gesta Danorum". It is also sometimes suggested that Rollo may be a Latinised version of another Norse name, "Hrollaugr".

paragraph: Rollo is generally identified with one Viking in particular – a man of high social status mentioned in Icelandic sagas, which refer to him by the Old Norse name Göngu-Hrólfr, meaning "Hrólfr the Walker" (also widely known by an Old Danish variant, "Ganger-Hrolf"). The byname "Walker" is usually understood to suggest that Rollo was so physically imposing that he could not be carried by a horse and was obliged to travel on foot. Norman and other French sources do not use the name "Hrólfr", and the identification of Rollo with "Göngu-Hrólfr" is based upon similarities between circumstances and actions ascribed to both figures.

paragraph: The 10th-century Norman historian Dudo records that Rollo took the baptismal name Robert. A variant spelling, "Rou", is used in the 12th-century Norman French verse chronicle "Roman de Rou", which was compiled by Wace and commissioned by King Henry II of England, a descendant of Rollo.

paragraph: Section::::Origins and historiography.

paragraph: Rollo was born in the mid 9th century; his place of birth is unknown.

paragraph: The earliest well-attested historical event associated with Rollo is his leadership of Vikings who besieged Paris in 885–886.

paragraph: Medieval sources contradict each other regarding whether Rollo's family was Norwegian or Danish in origin. In part, this disparity may result from the indifferent and interchangeable usage in Europe, at the time, of terms such as "Vikings", "Northmen", "Swedes", "Danes", "Norwegians" and so on (in the Medieval Latin texts "Dani vel Nortmanni" means "Danes or Northmen").

paragraph: A biography of Rollo, written by the cleric Dudo of Saint-Quentin in the late 10th century, claimed that Rollo was from Denmark. One of Rollo's great-grandsons and a contemporary of Dudo was known as Robert the Dane. However, Dudo's "Historia Normannorum" (or "Libri III de moribus et actis primorum Normanniae ducum") was commissioned by Rollo's grandson, Richard I of Normandy and – while Dudo likely had access to family members and/or other people with a living memory of Rollo – this fact must be weighed against the text's potential biases, as an official biography. According to Dudo, an unnamed king of Denmark was antagonistic to Rollo's family, including his father – an unnamed Danish nobleman – and Rollo's brother Gurim. Following the death of their father, Gurim was killed and Rollo was forced to leave Denmark. Dudo appears to have been the main source for William of Jumièges (after 1066) and Orderic Vitalis (early 12th century), although both include additional details.

paragraph: A Norwegian background for Rollo was first explicitly claimed by Goffredo Malaterra (Geoffrey Malaterra), an 11th-century Benedictine monk and historian, who wrote: "Rollo sailed boldly from Norway with his fleet to the Christian coast." Likewise, the 12th-century English historian William of Malmesbury stated that Rollo was "born of noble lineage among the Norwegians".

paragraph: A chronicler named Benoît (probably Benoît de Sainte-More) wrote in the mid-12th-century "Chronique des ducs de Normandie" that Rollo had been born in a town named "Fasge". This has since been variously interpreted as referring to Faxe, in Sjælland (Denmark), Fauske, in Hålogaland (Norway), or perhaps a more obscure settlement that has since been abandoned or renamed. Benoît also repeated the claim that Rollo had been persecuted by a local ruler and had fled from there to "Scanza island", by which Benoît probably means Scania (Swedish "Skåne"). While Faxe was physically much closer to Scania, the mountainous scenery of "Fasge", described by Benoît, would seem to be more like Fauske. Benoît says elsewhere in the "Chronique des ducs de Normandie" that Rollo is Danish.

paragraph: The claim that Rollo was the brother of a King of Norway, Harald Finehair, was made by an anonymous 12th-century Welsh author, in "The Life of Gruffudd ap Cynan".

paragraph: Rollo was first explicitly identified with Hrólf the Walker (Norse "Göngu-Hrólfr"; Danish "Ganger-Hrólf") by the 13th-century Icelandic sagas, "Heimskringla" and "Orkneyinga Saga". Hrólf the Walker was so named because he "was so big that no horse could carry him". The Icelandic sources claim that Hrólfr was born in Trondhjem (now known as Trondheim) in western Norway, in the late 9th century and that his parents were the Norwegian jarl Rognvald Eysteinsson ("Rognvald the Wise") and a noblewoman from Møre named Hildr Hrólfsdóttir. However, these claims were made three centuries after the history commissioned by Rollo's own grandson.

paragraph: There may be circumstantial evidence for kinship between Rollo and his historical contemporary, Ketill Flatnose, King of the Isles – a Norse realm centred on the Western Isles of Scotland. If, as Richer suggested, Rollo's father was also named Ketill and as Dudo suggested, Rollo had a brother named Gurim, such names are onomastic evidence for a family connection: Icelandic sources name Ketill Flatnose's father as Björn Grímsson, and ""Grim"" – the implied name of Ketill Flatnose's paternal grandfather – was likely cognate with "Gurim". In addition, both Irish and Icelandic sources suggest that Rollo, as a young man, visited or lived in Scotland, where he had a daughter named Cadlinar ("Kaðlín"; Kathleen). Ketill Flatnose's ancestors were said to have come from Møre – Rollo's ancestral home in the Icelandic sources. Ketill was a common name in Norse societies, as were names like Gurim and Grim.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Dudo tells us that Rollo seized Rouen in 876. He is supported by the contemporary chronicler Flodoard, who records that Robert of the Breton March waged a campaign against the Vikings, who nearly levelled Rouen and other settlements; eventually, he conceded "certain coastal provinces" to them.

paragraph: According to Dudo, Rollo struck up a friendship in England with a king that Dudo calls Alstem. This has puzzled many historians, but recently the puzzle has been resolved by recognition that this refers to Guthrum, the Danish leader whom Alfred the Great baptised with the baptismal name Athelstan, and then recognised as king of the East Angles in 880.

paragraph: Dudo records that when Rollo took Bayeux by force, he carried off with him the beautiful Popa or Poppa, a daughter of Berenger, Count of Rennes, took her in marriage and with her had their son and Rollo's heir, William Longsword.

paragraph: There are few contemporary mentions of Rollo. The earliest record is from 918, in a charter of Charles III to an abbey, which referred to an earlier grant to "the Normans of the Seine", namely "Rollo and his associates" for "the protection of the kingdom." Dudo retrospectively stated that this pact took place in 911 at Saint-Clair-sur-Epte. In return for formal recognition of the lands he possessed, Rollo agreed to be baptised and assist the king in the defence of the realm. Rollo took the baptismal name Robert, as it was custom to take the name of godfather. The seal of agreement was to be marriage between Rollo and Gisla, daughter of Charles. Dudo claims that Gisla was a legitimate daughter of Charles. Since Charles first married in 907, that would mean that Gisla was at most 5 years old at the time of the treaty of 911 which offered her in marriage. It has therefore been speculated that she could have been an illegitimate daughter. However a diplomatic child betrothal need not be doubted.

paragraph: After pledging his fealty to Charles III as part of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, Rollo divided the lands between the rivers Epte and Risle among his chieftains, and settled with a "de facto" capital in Rouen.

paragraph: When Rollo had been given Rouen and its hinterland in return for his alliance with the Franks, it was agreed upon that it was both in his and his Frankish allies’ interest to extend his authority over Viking settlers. This would appear to be the motive for later concessions to the Vikings of the Seine, which are mentioned in other records of the time.

paragraph: When King Charles the Simple abdicated the throne to Rudolph of France, Rollo felt that his pledge and oaths to the kings of France null and void, and began raiding in the west to expand his territory, putting pressure on other rulers to propose another compromise. The need for an agreement was particularly urgent when Robert the Strong, successor of Charles the Simple, was killed by the Viking army of Brittany in 924.

paragraph: Rudolph is recorded as sponsoring a new agreement by which a group of Northmen were conceded the provinces of the Bessin and Maine. These Northmen were presumed to be Rollo and his associates, moving their authority westward from the Seine valley. It is still unclear as to whether Rollo was being given lordship over the Vikings already settled in the region in order to domesticate and restrain them, or was given lordship over the Franks around Bayeux in order to protect them from other Viking leaders settled in eastern Brittany and the Cotentin peninsula.

paragraph: Rollo died sometime between a final mention of him by Flodoard in 928, and 933, the year in which a third grant of land, usually identified as being the Cotentin and Avranchin areas, was made to his son and successor William.

paragraph: Section::::Descendants.

paragraph: Rollo's son and heir, William Longsword, and grandchild, Richard the Fearless, forged the Duchy of Normandy into West Francia's most cohesive and formidable principality. The descendants of Rollo and his men assimilated with their maternal Frankish-Catholic culture and became known as the Normans, lending their name to the region of Normandy.

paragraph: Rollo is the great-great-great-grandfather of William the Conqueror, or William I of England. Through William, he is one of the ancestors of the present-day British royal family, as well as an ancestor of all current European monarchs and a great many claimants to abolished European thrones.

paragraph: One daughter of Rollo, Gerloc (also known as Adele), who married William III, Duke of Aquitaine, was mentioned by Dudo. According to William of Jumièges, writing in the latter half of the 11th century, Gerloc's mother was named Poppa.

paragraph: According to the medieval Irish text "An Banshenchas" and Icelandic sources, another daughter, Cadlinar (Kaðlín; Kathleen) was born in Scotland (probably to a Scots mother) and married an Irish prince named Beollán mac Ciarmaic, later King of South Brega (Lagore). A daughter of Cadlinar and Beollán named Nithbeorg was abducted by an Icelandic Viking named Helgi Ottarsson, and became the mother of the poet Einarr Helgason and grandmother of Guðrún Ósvífrsdóttir (protagonist of the "Laxdœla saga").

paragraph: A genetic investigation into the remains of Rollo's grandson, Richard the Fearless, and his great-grandson, Richard the Good, was announced in 2011 with the intention of discerning the origins of the historic Viking leader. On 29 February 2016 Norwegian researchers opened Richard the Good's tomb and found his lower jaw with eight teeth in it. Unfortunately, the skeletal remains in both graves turned out to significantly predate Rollo and therefore are not related to him.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: After Rollo's death, his male-line descendants continued to rule Normandy until 1204, when it was lost by John Lackland to the French King Philip Augustus. Rollo's dynasty was able to survive through a combination of ruthless military actions and infighting among the Frankish aristocracy, which left them severely weakened and unable to combat the Rouen Vikings' growing determination to stay put.

paragraph: Section::::Depictions in fiction.

paragraph: Rollo is the subject of the seventeenth-century play "Rollo Duke of Normandy", written by John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, Ben Jonson, and George Chapman.

paragraph: A character, broadly inspired by the historical Rollo but including many events from before the real Rollo was born, played by Clive Standen, is Ragnar Lothbrok's brother in the History Channel television series "Vikings".

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.:Primary texts.

paragraph: BULLET::::- . Republished 1981, Harmondsworth: Penguin. .

alias:
Robert I
Ganger-Hrólf
Göngu Hrólfr
Ganger-Hrolf

wikidata_label: Rollo

wikipedia_title: Rollo


text:
road racing cyclist
Vremde
Belgium
Profile by memoire-du-cyclisme.net

categories: People from Boechout,Belgian male cyclists,Belgian Vuelta a España stage winners,1946 births,Sportspeople from Antwerp (province),Vuelta a España cyclists,Living people

paragraph: Roger Rosiers

paragraph: Roger Rosiers (26 November 1946) is a former professional road racing cyclist from Vremde, Belgium.

paragraph: Section::::Major achievements.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile by memoire-du-cyclisme.net

description: cyclist

wikidata_label: Roger Rosiers

wikipedia_title: Roger Rosiers


text:
rear admiral
World War I
Jean Jaurès
National Assembly of France
Castres
Orléanist
Jean Jaurès
Benjamin Jaurès
École Navale
midshipman
aviso
ensign
lieutenant
Friedland
Courbet
Marengo
Gymnote
Couronne
Tonkin
Commander
Carnot
Paul Campion
Jacques Lebaudy
Toulon
captain
Gloire
Liberté
Démocratie
commodore
Cherbourg
World War I
Suffren
armored cruiser
Kléber
rear admiral
Maritime Prefect
Rochefort
Legion of Honour
Madagascar commemorative medal
Order of Saint Anna
Cross of Naval Merit
Order of Osmanieh
Order of Aviz
Distinguished Service Medal

categories: Politicians from Occitanie,1937 deaths,Members of the 13th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic,Republican-Socialist Party politicians,People from Castres,French Navy admirals,1860 births,École Navale alumni

paragraph: Louis Jaurès

paragraph: Louis Jaurès (18 August 1860 – 30 October 1937) was a French naval officer who rose to the rank of rear admiral during World War I.

paragraph: He was the brother of the statesman Jean Jaurès.

paragraph: After retirement he was elected a deputy in the National Assembly of France.

paragraph: Section::::Naval career.

paragraph: Section::::Naval career.:Early years.

paragraph: Marie Paul Louis Jaurès was born in Castres, Tarn, on 18 August 1860.

paragraph: His parents were Jules Jaurès (1819–82), a cloth merchant, and Adélaïde Barbaza (1822–1906).

paragraph: His father was a committed Orléanist.

paragraph: His brother was the future socialist leader Jean Jaurès (1859–1914).

paragraph: His father's first cousins were the admirals Charles and Benjamin Jaurès, whom Jean and Louis considered as uncles.

paragraph: Louis and Jean Jaurès both studied at the Collège de Castres.

paragraph: Louis was a good student, and won the second prize in geography.

paragraph: In 1878 the Jaurès brothers were at an event in Castres where the sub-Prefect spoke in praise of the French nation but did not mention the Republic, and ended with ""Vive la France!"".

paragraph: Louis Jaurès at once called out ""Vive la République!"".

paragraph: When a Bonapartist colonel reprimanded him, Jaurès responded that France was indeed a republic.

paragraph: Neither his father or brother supported him.

paragraph: In 1876 Jaurès entered the École Navale.

paragraph: In September 1880 he was a midshipman ("aspirant") on the aviso "Dumont d'Urville".

paragraph: He became an ensign ("enseigne de vaisseau") on 5 October 1881.

paragraph: In 1881 he was on board the cruiser "Magicienne", a sailing ship, in the Antilles naval division.

paragraph: In 1882 he was on the aviso "Boursaint", where he spent three years in the Indian Ocean, at Madagascar and on the coast of East Africa.

paragraph: Section::::Naval career.:Lieutenant.

paragraph: Jaurès was promoted to lieutenant ("lieutenant de vaisseau") on 16 February 1885.

paragraph: He returned to Madagascar and on 23 October 1885 helped with the great festival organized by the Republicans to celebrate their recent electoral victory.

paragraph: In 1886 he was assigned to the ironclad "Friedland" in the research squadron commanded by Jacques Béhic.

paragraph: In September 1887 he went on a mission to Japan.

paragraph: In 1889 he was on the ironclad "Courbet", and in 1891 on the ironclad "Marengo".

paragraph: On 3 February 1892 he was given command of the submarine "Gymnote" and carried out trials of underwater navigation.

paragraph: On 15 February 1893 Jaurès was given command of the torpedo boat n°126 in the mobile defense of Corsica.

paragraph: In April 1894 he was posted to the transport "Vinh-Long" in Indochina.

paragraph: In 1895 Jaurès married Madeleine Duprat (1873–97).

paragraph: Their daughter Yvonne was born in 1896, married in 1918 and lived until 1982.

paragraph: In 1897 he studied at the École de canonnage on the "Couronne".

paragraph: In 1898 he commanded the transport "Japon" at Toulon.

paragraph: In September 1899 he was assigned to the armoured coastguard "Bouvines".

paragraph: He was made aide de camp to Commodore Charles Malarmé, commander of the coastguard division.

paragraph: In July and August 1900 he undertook a mission to Tonkin.

paragraph: Section::::Naval career.:Commander and captain.

paragraph: Jaurès was promoted to Commander ("capitaine de frégate") on 3 September 1900.

paragraph: On 1 January 1901 he was made second in command of the ironclad battleship "Carnot" in the Northern Squadron commanded by Paul Campion.

paragraph: In 1903 he was commander of the 3rd class cruiser "Galilée" at Toulon, then in the Mediterranean squadron commanded by Edouard Pottier.

paragraph: He led the expedition on the "Galilée" that rescued the sailors abandoned by Jacques Lebaudy in Mauritania and captured by the Moors during Lebaudy's attempt to establish his "Empire of the Sahara".

paragraph: On 1 May 1905 he was made commander of the fixed defenses of Toulon.

paragraph: In October 1906 Jaurès was promoted to captain ("capitaine de vaisseau").

paragraph: From 25 March 1908 until 1910 he commanded the armoured cruiser "Gloire" in the Northern Squadron.

paragraph: On 24 November 1910 Jaurès was given command of the battleship "Liberté", Mediterranean squadron.

paragraph: The ship exploded in the harbor of Toulon on 25 September 1911 while he was on leave.

paragraph: After the explosion there was a debate in the Chamber of Deputies in which the honour of Jaurès and the responsibility for the use of unstable powder by the navy was questioned.

paragraph: Jaurès had to face a court martial, but was acquitted unanimously on 21 December 1911.

paragraph: However, for several weeks he had to endure strong attacks in the press, probably aimed as much at his brother as at him.

paragraph: From 30 April 1912 to 30 April 1913 he commanded the battleship "Démocratie".

paragraph: Section::::Naval career.:Commodore and rear admiral.

paragraph: Jaurès was promoted to commodore ("contre-amiral") on 15 January 1914.

paragraph: On 7 February 1914 he was appointed Major General of the 1st maritime division in Cherbourg.

paragraph: During World War I (1914–18) he commanded the armored division of the Dardanelles in 1915.

paragraph: His flagship was the battleship "Suffren".

paragraph: In 1916 and 1917 he was in command of the light division off French West Africa responsible for protecting Australian and New Zealand troop transports and convoys of food against privateers and German submarines.

paragraph: His flagship was the armored cruiser "Kléber".

paragraph: He was promoted to rear admiral  ("vice-amiral") on 14 December 1917.

paragraph: He became a member of the Superior Council of the Navy.

paragraph: On 18 December 1917 he was appointed Maritime Prefect of the 1st maritime district in Cherbourg.

paragraph: In 1919 he was appointed Maritime Prefect of the 4th maritime district in Rochefort.

paragraph: Jaurès retired from the navy in 1922, becoming an officer of the reserve.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: Jaurès was elected to the legislature in 1924 for the 2nd riding of the Seine department on the "cartel des gauches" platform.

paragraph: He held office from 11 May 1924 to 31 May 1928.

paragraph: He joined the Socialist Republican and French Socialist group in the chamber of deputies.

paragraph: He was a member of the Merchant Marine and Navy committees.

paragraph: He was involved in legislation aimed at raising tax revenues.

paragraph: He decided not to run for reelection in the 1928 general election.

paragraph: Louis Jaurès died in Paris on 30 October 1937.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Louis Jaurès was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour on 1 September 1890.

paragraph: He was later promoted to Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour.

paragraph: He was awarded the Madagascar commemorative medal, Order of Saint Anna (Russia), Cross of Naval Merit (Spain), Order of Osmanieh (Turkey), Order of Aviz (Portugal) and Distinguished Service Medal (United States).

description: h admiral

wikidata_label: Louis Jaurès

wikipedia_title: Louis Jaurès


text:
footballer
central defender
defensive midfielder
Hertha BSC
Bayer Leverkusen
caps
Germany
World Cup
European Championship
Hertha BSC
second division
Bayer Uerdingen
1992–93
the reserve
domestic cup
Bayer 04 Leverkusen
Bundesliga
2003–04 season
2002–03
F.C. Hansa Rostock
2001–02 UEFA Champions League
the final
Real Madrid
A.S. Roma
Francesco Totti
Stadio Olimpico
Champions League
yellow card
German national team
Turkey
UEFA Euro 2000
qualifiers
caps
2002 FIFA World Cup
red card
Cameroon
Rudi Völler
Euro 2004
Bundesliga
1996–97
1998–99
1999–2000
2001–02
UEFA Champions League
2001–02
DFB-Pokal
2001–02
FIFA World Cup
2002
kicker
Bundesliga
Carsten Ramelow

categories: German footballers,Germany under-21 international footballers,Hertha BSC II players,Association football defenders,Germany international footballers,Germany youth international footballers,1974 births,Bundesliga players,Footballers from Berlin,Bayer 04 Leverkusen players,Bayer 04 Leverkusen II players,UEFA Euro 2000 players,2. Bundesliga players,Association football utility players,Living people,Hertha BSC players,Association football midfielders

paragraph: Carsten Ramelow

paragraph: Carsten Ramelow (; born 20 March 1974) is a retired German footballer who played as either a central defender or a defensive midfielder.

paragraph: Known for his tough tackling and defensive positioning, he played professionally for Hertha BSC and Bayer Leverkusen, for 17 years. The recipient of nearly 50 caps with Germany, he represented the nation at one World Cup and one European Championship.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Born in Berlin, Ramelow grew as a player at local Hertha BSC, playing five second division matches in his first two years combined, and five seasons in total: his debut came on 25 April 1992 (aged 18), in a 0–5 home loss against Bayer Uerdingen. In 1992–93, he helped the reserve squad reach the domestic cup final, where they lost to Bayer 04 Leverkusen.

paragraph: In January 1996, Ramelow moved to the Bundesliga with Bayer Leverkusen, being a major part of the squads that never finished lower than fourth until the 2003–04 season (except for 2002–03, where they would rank only 15th, the last place before the relegation zone); a defensive-minded player, he scored twice in his top flight debut, a 2–0 home win against F.C. Hansa Rostock on 19 March, and contributed with 16 matches (15 complete) in Bayer's 2001–02 UEFA Champions League runner-up run, including the final loss against Real Madrid.

paragraph: On 3 November 2004, Ramelow was involved in an incident with A.S. Roma's Francesco Totti, during a 1–1 draw at the "Stadio Olimpico" in Rome for the Champions League: the Italian Totti jumped on a sliding Ramelow, stomping on his shoulder and back, and receiving a yellow card. From 2006–08, he appeared rarely due to injuries, and announced his retirement from football in March, at the age of 34.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Ramelow first appeared for the German national team on 10 October 1998, in a 0–1 loss in Turkey for the UEFA Euro 2000 qualifiers. He went on to win 46 caps, and was summoned for the squads at that tournament (not leaving the bench in an eventual group stage exit) and the 2002 FIFA World Cup (appearing five times for the losing finalists, and receiving a red card in the 2–0 group stage win against Cameroon).

paragraph: Ramelow was poised to be selected by manager Rudi Völler for Euro 2004 in Portugal, but announced his international retirement one week before the squad was picked.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Club.

paragraph: Bayer Leverkusen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bundesliga Runner-up: 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2001–02

paragraph: BULLET::::- UEFA Champions League Runner-up: 2001–02

paragraph: BULLET::::- DFB-Pokal: Runner-up: 2001–02

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:International.

paragraph: Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- FIFA World Cup Runner-up: 2002

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Individual.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "kicker" Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1998–99

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.

paragraph: In 2005, Ramelow published one music album, "Sing when you're winning". It was not distributed commercially, only being made available to his family and friends.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carsten Ramelow at Leverkusen who's who

description: German footballer

wikidata_label: Carsten Ramelow

wikipedia_title: Carsten Ramelow


text: pen name

text: Lithuanian Tribunal

text: Suvalkija

text: Marijampolė Gymnasium

text: University of Moscow

text: Petras Leonas

text: Moscow

text: Jelgava

text: Tikhvin

text: Novgorod

text: State Councillor

text: University of Lithuania

text: State Council of Lithuania

text: Order of Vytautas the Great

text: didacticism

text: literary realism

text: feuilleton

text: Aušra

text: Varpas

text: Suvalkija

text: Congress Poland

text: Russian Empire

text: Marijampolė Gymnasium

text: Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas

text: Aušra

text: The Gypsies

text: Alexander Pushkin

text: University of Saint Petersburg

text: University of Moscow

text: Petras Leonas

text: Imperial Russian Army

text: praporshchik

text: Russification

text: Jelgava

text: Jonas Jablonskis

text: Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas

text: Tikhvin

text: Novgorod

text: Russian Revolution

text: State Councillor

text: Red Cross

text: Council of Lithuania

text: Party of National Progress

text: Minister of Justice

text: Petras Leonas

text: Lithuanian Tribunal

text: University of Lithuania

text: State Council of Lithuania

text: civil registration

text: state awards

text: Antanas Tumėnas

text: Antanas Merkys

text: Lithuanian language

text: Order of Vytautas the Great

text: Kaunas

text: Petrašiūnai Cemetery

text: wayside shrine

text: Aušra

text: Tėvynės sargas

text: Vienybė lietuvninkų

text: Šviesa

text: Varpas

text: Ūkininkas

text: Jan Baudouin de Courtenay

text: Camille Flammarion

text: The Most Incredible Thing

text: The Princess and the Pea

text: Hans Christian Andersen

text: Ivan Turgenev

text: Yuriy Fedkovych

text: Armenian literature

text: Lithuanian press ban

text: Vilniaus žinios

text: Viltis

text: Vairas

text: Lietuvos aidas

text: Mór Jókai

text: Lithuanian National Revival

text: Quench the Spark

text: Leo Tolstoy

text: Guy de Maupassant

text: britzka

text: feuilleton

text: Lithuanian Nationalist Union

text: tragicomedy

text: didacticism

text: literary realism

text: Deus ex machina

text: Aphrodite

text: primer

text: ruble

text: Leo Tolstoy

text: synthetic phonics

text: Jonas Jablonskis

text: Povilas Višinskis

categories: 1864 births,Lithuanian judges,Moscow State University alumni,Vytautas Magnus University faculty,1933 deaths,Recipients of the Order of Vytautas the Great,Lithuanian writers

paragraph: Antanas Kriščiukaitis

paragraph: Antanas Kriščiukaitis also known by his pen name Aišbė (1864–1933) was a Lithuanian writer and judge, who served as the chairman of the Lithuanian Tribunal from 1918 to his death.

paragraph: Kriščiukaitis was born in Suvalkija to a family of well-off Lithuanian farmers. Already as a student at the Marijampolė Gymnasium, he started contributing articles to the Lithuanian press. He studied law at the University of Moscow and joined a secret society of Lithuanian students, chaired by Petras Leonas. After the graduation in 1890, he worked as interrogator and judge in Moscow, Mitau (Jelgava), Tikhvin and Novgorod raising to the rank of State Councillor. He returned to Lithuania in 1918 and became chairman of the Lithuanian Tribunal. He became professor of criminal law at the newly established University of Lithuania in 1922 and advisor to the State Council of Lithuania in 1929. He edited various legal texts, working to create new Lithuanian legal terms and standardize terminology. He received the Order of Vytautas the Great (1st class), the highest state award in Lithuania, in 1931. Kriščiukaitis died suddenly in 1933.

paragraph: As a writer, Kriščiukaitis is known for his short stories that moved away from didacticism (which was prevalent in contemporary Lithuanian literature) to literary realism as well as satires and feuilletons. He published his works, articles, and translated texts in various Lithuanian periodicals, including "Aušra" and "Varpas".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Russian Empire.

paragraph: Kriščiukaitis was born on 24 July 1864 to a family of well-off Lithuanian farmers in in Suvalkija, then part of Congress Poland, a client state of the Russian Empire. Later his father moved to Būgnai, which gave Kriščiukaitis his pen name Aišbė derived from cryptonym A-iš-B (A-from-B or Antanas from Būgnai). After graduating from a Russian primary school in Paežeriai in 1876, he continued studies at the Marijampolė Gymnasium. According to Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas, Kriščiukaitis was interested in architecture and drew architectural plans of all churches in the area and even made a detailed model of the church in . Already as a gymnasium student, he started writing in Lithuanian. His popular science text on the mathematical description of the earth was published in three issues of "Aušra" in 1884. He also sent a translation of "The Gypsies" by Alexander Pushkin, but it was not published. Like most Lithuanian parents of the time, his parents wanted him to become a priest, but he felt no calling and first chose mathematics at the University of Saint Petersburg in fall 1883. He quickly dropped the studies and considered studying architecture but started studying law at the University of Moscow the following year. There he joined a secret society of Lithuanian students, chaired by Petras Leonas, and was its librarian.

paragraph: He graduated in 1890 and served eight months in the Imperial Russian Army leaving it as a reserve "praporshchik". Due to Russification policies, as a Catholic, Kriščiukaitis could not get a government job in Lithuania. In April 1891, he was appointed as a court candidate in Moscow. After about six months he was transferred to Mitau (Jelgava) where he met Jonas Jablonskis, Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas, and other Lithuanian activists. After five years, he was assigned as a court interrogator in Tikhvin. At the same time, he married a Lithuanian woman, but she died a year later after giving birth to his son Jonas. He remarried in 1899. He was promoted to a district judge in 1904 and relocated to Novgorod in 1912 where he worked until the Russian Revolution. He ended his career with the Russian Empire courts as a State Councillor. During World War I, he worked with the Red Cross in Novgorod to help Lithuanian war refugees.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Independent Lithuania.

paragraph: Kriščiukaitis returned to Lithuania in September 1918 and started drafting laws for the Council of Lithuania. The Party of National Progress suggested Kriščiukaitis as the first Minister of Justice. Petras Leonas became the minister and Kriščiukaitis was appointed as the chairman of the Lithuanian Tribunal, the highest court in interwar Lithuania, on 10 December 1918. In 1920, he became co-founder and chairman of the Society of Lithuanian Jurists () and editor of its journal "Teisė" (Law). In total, he edited 23 volumes of "Teisė". In October 1922, he was invited to become a professor of the criminal law and procedure at the newly established University of Lithuania and started teaching in January 1923. His students summarized the lectures which edited and approved by Kriščiukaitis were published in 1928. From 1929, he was a specialist advisor to the State Council of Lithuania and worked with special commissions on legal terminology (which disbanded after his death), new criminal code, and civil registration. He was one of the major contributors and designers of the 1933 judicial reform. As the chairman of the Supreme Tribunal, Kriščiukaitis was a member of the advisory council to the Minister of Justice. On three occasions, he was acting Minister of Justice while the minister was away. He was also a member of the commissions on state awards.

paragraph: Directed by Minister Antanas Tumėnas, Kriščiukaitis worked on translating and editing the 1903 criminal code of the Russian Empire which was still in effect in Lithuania in hopes of drafting a new criminal code; this project was not passed but it was used in the later translations of the Russian code. He was editor of two volumes of an unofficial collection of laws and regulations compiled by Antanas Merkys in 1922 and 1925 and of an anniversary book devoted to the first decade of the Lithuanian courts. As an editor, professor, and judge, he paid particular attention to the purity and correctness of the Lithuanian language, working to standardize Lithuanian legal terminology and create new terms. He worked to enforce the rule that Lithuanian language would be used for all legal proceedings despite complaints from Russian-speaking attorneys.

paragraph: He received the Order of Vytautas the Great (1st class), the highest state award in Lithuania, and Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas (2nd class). He continued to work as a judge and university professor until his sudden death on 30 October 1933 in Kaunas. He was buried in the old city cemetery. When it was transformed into the present-day , his body was reburied in the Petrašiūnai Cemetery. A memorial stone and wayside shrine were erected at his birthplace in 1970.

paragraph: Section::::Literary works.

paragraph: Kriščiukaitis started writing and contributing to the Lithuanian press while he was still a gymnasium student. His first texts were published in "Aušra" and he also contributed to "Tėvynės sargas", "Vienybė lietuvninkų", "Šviesa", "Nemuno sargas", "Varpas", "Ūkininkas", and other periodicals. He often published translated texts – an essay of Jan Baudouin de Courtenay, excerpt from "Urania" by Camille Flammarion, fairy-tales The Most Incredible Thing and The Princess and the Pea by Hans Christian Andersen, poem "The Sphinx" by Ivan Turgenev, story "Who is to Blame?" by Yuriy Fedkovych. In 1894, "Varpas" published a lengthy article (due to length, it was published over five issues) by Kriščiukaitis about Armenian literature which was prepared based on a publication by . After the Lithuanian press ban was lifted in 1904, he contributed articles to "Vilniaus žinios", "Viltis", "Vairas", "Lietuvos balsas", "Lietuvos aidas", "Nepriklausoma Lietuva", "Lietuva", "Tauta", and others.

paragraph: He wrote a few poems, but his strongest genre was a short story. In 1892, he published "Pajudinkime, vyrai, žemę!" (Men, Let's Move the Earth!), a shortened translation of "Eppur si muove - És mégis mozog a Föld" by Mór Jókai. It was republished in 1921. The patriotic story depicts Hungarian National Revival and was meant to indirectly draw parallels with the Lithuanian National Revival. The same year he published a collection of six short stories "Kas teisybė – tai ne melas" (What Is Truth That Is Not a Lie), which was enlarged and republished in 1905 and 1974. The initial collection included four original stories by Kriščiukaitis and two loose translations of "Quench the Spark" by Leo Tolstoy and "The Little Cask" by Guy de Maupassant. The collection also included "Brička" (britzka, a type of carriage), his best known work. It is a humorous story about a Lithuanian couple who want to show off and acquire a britzka, but end up in a ditch after getting drunk. When more Lithuanian writers appeared, he considered himself a "superfluous author" () and starting in 1908 contributed a series of short satires and feuilletons to the Lithuanian press (mainly periodicals published by the Lithuanian Nationalist Union). A collection of these works, "Satyros trupiniai" (Crumbs of Satire), was published in 1928. His tragicomedy "Laisvė" (Freedom) which borrowed plot from the antiquity but discussed Lithuania's democracy was staged by the in 1923. His works described lives of Lithuanian peasants, the beginnings of capitalism in the village, and cultural backwardness of the rural population. His stories moved away from didacticism (which was prevalent in contemporary Lithuanian literature) to literary realism. On occasion, his literary style and satire can be seen in his judicial work. For example, in 1927, in a ruling to dismiss lower court judgement since it provided only a ruling and not the analysis of facts or applicable laws, Kriščiukaitis compared the lower court's judgement to "Deus ex machina" and Aphrodite rising from the sea foam.

paragraph: In 1892, "Varpas" announced a competition for a new primer for children and received four submissions. The primer by Kriščiukaitis was awarded the 50 ruble prize and was printed in 1895. It was republished in 1901, 1903, and 1907. He understood that many children learned to read Lithuanian at home without the benefit of teacher's instruction. Therefore, he tried to including interesting sample texts to spark child's curiosity. He translated texts from a primer by Leo Tolstoy, added samples of Lithuanian folklore, and entirely skipped prayers or other religious texts which attracted criticism from the clergy. The primer also abandoned the old rote memorization of syllable by syllable () in favor of the synthetic phonics. The introduction to the alphabet was originally reworked to suit the Lithuanian language. Very likely that in this work Kriščiukaitis was assisted by linguist Jonas Jablonskis. While pedagogically it was a much improved primer, it was not very popular and republished only six years later due to criticism by the clergy and because people used to the old did not know how to teach the new method to children. Therefore, when Povilas Višinskis published his primer in 1905, he added an instruction to parents and teachers on how to teach this new method.

wikidata_label: Antanas Kriščiukaitis

wikipedia_title: Antanas Kriščiukaitis


text:
Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki
Wainui
Auckland
Trevor Lloyd
Elam School of Fine Arts
drypoint
aquatint
New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts
Hamilton

categories: 1895 births,Etchers,1982 deaths,20th-century New Zealand women artists,20th-century New Zealand artists,People from the Auckland Region

paragraph: Connie Lloyd

paragraph: Constance Alice Lloyd (9 May 1895 – 5 February 1982) was a New Zealand artist who specialised in etching. Her work is part of the permanent collection of the Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Lloyd was born at Wainui, north of Auckland, on 9 May 1895. Her father Trevor Lloyd was an illustrator and cartoonist, who became interested in etching after his daughters Connie and Olive studied it at Elam School of Fine Arts in Auckland. Connie Lloyd learned the art of etching from A.J.C. Fisher, the principal of Elam School of Art. Lloyd's work is predominantly based on the landscape near Auckland and uses drypoint and aquatint methods.

paragraph: In 1929, Lloyd exhibited work at the New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts annual exhibition, and in 1940 exhibited at the Auckland Society of Arts annual exhibition. In 1931, she exhibited with four other women artists at the Waikato Society of Arts in Hamilton.

paragraph: Lloyd died on 5 February 1982, and her body was cremated at Purewa Crematorium, Auckland.

alias:
Constance Lloyd
Connie Lloyd

description: New Zealand artist, etcher and printmaker

wikidata_label: Constance Alice Lloyd

wikipedia_title: Connie Lloyd


text:
Saint-Servan
Paris
Impressionistic
bretonne
Stevens Institute of Technology
Hoboken, New Jersey
Army National Guard
George Wheeler
cartographer
Wheeler Survey
Art Students League
William Merritt Chase
James Carroll Beckwith
Académie Julian
École des beaux-arts de Paris
Alexandre Cabanel
Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret
Raphaël Collin
Pont Aven
Concarneau
Exposition Universelle (1889)
Étaples
Henri Le Sidaner
Georges Petit
Salon des Tuileries
Louisiana Purchase Exposition
Société nationale des beaux-arts
Brooklyn Museum
National Gallery of Art
Smithsonian American Art Museum
Louvre
More works by Vail

categories: 1857 births,French-American culture,French painters,1934 deaths,French Impressionist painters

paragraph: Eugène Lawrence Vail

paragraph: Eugène Lawrence Vail or simply Eugène Vail (29 September 1857, Saint-Servan - 25 December 1934, Paris), was a French-American painter; best known for his works of village scenes in the Impressionistic style.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: His mother was bretonne and his father was from the United States. When he completed his primary education, at the insistence of his father, he studied engineering at the Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey. After graduating, he enlisted in the Army National Guard and participated in the scientific expedition led by Captain George Wheeler, as a cartographer; helping to produce what became known as the Wheeler Survey. Upon his return, in 1879, he joined the Art Students League and pursued his true interest in art; studying in the workshops of William Merritt Chase and James Carroll Beckwith.

paragraph: When he went back to France, he entered the Académie Julian, followed by the École des beaux-arts de Paris, where he studied with Alexandre Cabanel, Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret and Raphaël Collin. For several years, he frequented the art colonies at Pont Aven and Concarneau, to hone his skills. He was awarded a gold medal at the Exposition Universelle (1889)

paragraph: In 1890, he moved to Étaples, where he made the acquaintance of Henri Le Sidaner and influenced his work. He held frequent showings at the gallery of Georges Petit; notably in 1900, when he exhibited with several other artists who belonged to the "Société nouvelle de peintres et de sculpteurs". A major solo exhibition was held there in 1921, followed by a showing at the Salon des Tuileries in 1923. He also exhibited internationally, throughout Northern Europe, as well as at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition.

paragraph: His work became more impressionistic in his later years, perhaps as a result of spending his autumns in Italy. In 1935, the Société nationale des beaux-arts held a retrospective in his honor. At the beginning of World War II his widow, Gertrude, brought his remaining works to the United States, where they were widely shown before being distributed to various museums. His works may be seen at the Brooklyn Museum, the National Gallery of Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Louvre and several museums in Brittany.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- More works by Vail @ ArtNet

alias:
Eugene Laurent Vail
Eugene Lawrence Vail

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Eugène Lawrence Vail

wikipedia_title: Eugène Lawrence Vail


text:
Belgian
philology
University of Liège
Belgische Werkliedenpartij
Belgische Socialistische Partij
Second International
Sun Yat-sen
Stockholm
Flemish movement
Dutch
University of Ghent
Lodewijk De Raet
Roman Catholic
Frans Van Cauwelaert
Louis Franck
University of Ghent
34th Prime Minister
34th Prime Minister
Chamber of Representatives
freemason
Les Amis Philanthropes
Grand Orient of Belgium
Zionist
Israel
Brussels
Schepen
Antwerp
Minister of State
Order of Leopold
Order of the Crown
Order of the Polar Star
Legion of Honour
Order of the British Empire
Lenin

categories: Mayors of Antwerp, Belgium,1871 births,People from Bilzen,Prime Ministers of Belgium,Belgian Socialist Party politicians,Presidents of the Chamber of Representatives (Belgium),Belgian people in the United Kingdom during World War II,Belgian Labour Party politicians,Belgian Ministers of State,University of Liège alumni,1968 deaths,Flemish activists

paragraph: Camille Huysmans

paragraph: Jean Joseph Camille Huysmans (born as Camiel Hansen 26 May 1871 – 25 February 1968) was a Belgian politician.

paragraph: He studied German philology at the University of Liège and was a teacher from 1893 to 1897 while he studied for his doctorate in German philology.

paragraph: Huysmans joined the Belgische Werkliedenpartij (BWP), the predecessor of the Belgische Socialistische Partij (BSP) at a young age. He became a journalist for many socialist periodicals until 1904 and was thereafter active in the labour unions.

paragraph: Between 1905 and 1922 Huysmans was secretary of the Second International. In that function he had many contacts with Sun Yat-sen, the leader of the first Chinese revolution, in 1911. His main task was creating an active peace function. At the Socialist Conference in Stockholm in 1917 he pleaded against continuing the war.

paragraph: He was a fighter for the Flemish movement and fought for using Dutch at the University of Ghent. As "Minister of Arts and Education" he could pave the way for the Dutch language. In 1911 he proposed a bill, drafted by Lodewijk De Raet, together with the Roman Catholic Frans Van Cauwelaert and the liberal Louis Franck for the usage of Dutch at the University of Ghent. However, due to World War I, the University of Ghent would become a Flemish university only in 1930.

paragraph: In World War II he fled to London. He regained the function as secretary between 1939 and 1944, also as acting chairman. After World War II (at age 75) he became the 34th Prime Minister and led a government of socialists, liberals and communists. With an insufficient majority, this government lasted not long. In the next government, he was Minister of Education.

paragraph: In domestic affairs, a raft of progressive reforms were carried out during Huysmans's time as 34th Prime Minister. A Ministerial Order of October 1946 laid down special provisions for safeguarding workers in wire rope factories, while an Order was passed in December 1946 for factories manufacturing sugar and molasses alcohol which contained health and safety provisions. In January 1947, legislation was passed providing for a uniform allowance for the children of disabled workers, and legislative Orders were issued in January and February 1947 providing for the establishment of a National Office for the Co-ordination of Family Allowances. In addition, a legislative Order of the 28th of February 1947 supplemented and amended the provisions of an August 1930 law by extending the scope of family allowances for wage-earners, while another Order issued that same month authorised the National Association for Cheap Housing to raise a loan of one thousand million Belgian francs to contribute towards the costs of a housebuilding programme for miners.

paragraph: He remained very popular until old age. The national tribute for his 80th birthday attracted 100,000 visitors. At the age of 83 he became chairman of the Chamber of Representatives (lower house). He was a freemason, a member of the lodge "Les Amis Philanthropes" of the Grand Orient of Belgium in Brussels.

paragraph: Huysmans is considered a friend of the Jewish people, mainly due to his friendly attitude towards Jewish immigrants in Antwerp in the years 1920–1940 and the Zionist movement. Some streets and neighbourhoods in Israel bear his name.

paragraph: Section::::Functions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- councillor in Brussels (1908–1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- education Schepen of Antwerp (1921–1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- mayor of Antwerp (1933–1940 and 1944–1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- councillor in Antwerp (1946–1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- member of the lower house (1910–1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- chairman of the lower house (1936–1939 and 1954–1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minister of Arts and Education (1925–1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prime Minister (1946–1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minister of Education (1947–1949)

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Minister of State, by Royal Decree.

paragraph: BULLET::::- : member of the Royal Academie.

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Grand Cordon in the Order of Leopold.

paragraph: BULLET::::- : knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Crown.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight grand Cross in the Swedish Order of the Polar Star 1937.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commander of the Legion of Honour.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of the British Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Correspondence with Lenin.

paragraph: In his first term as secretary of the Second International he corresponded with Lenin between 1905 and 1914. The letters were published in 1963.

description: Belgian former prime minister

wikidata_label: Camille Huysmans

wikipedia_title: Camille Huysmans


text:
Norwegian
ski jumper
Ferdinand Schjelderup
Norwegian resistance movement
World War II
Holmenkollen ski festival
Oslo University
Planica
Sossen Krohg
Anne Brown
Oslo
Stockholm

categories: Olympic medalists in ski jumping,Olympic bronze medalists for Norway,Norwegian male ski jumpers,2006 deaths,1920 births,Norwegian writers,Medalists at the 1948 Winter Olympics,Olympic ski jumpers of Norway,Sportswriters,Ski jumpers at the 1948 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Thorleif Schjelderup

paragraph: Thorleif Schjelderup (20 January 1920 – 28 May 2006) was a Norwegian ski jumper, author and environmentalist.

paragraph: He was born to Ferdinand Schjelderup and Marie Leigh Vogt. His father was a Supreme Court judge, a mountaineering pioneer, and a leader of the Norwegian resistance movement during World War II. His son grew up in Oslo, where he took up ski jumping. He placed fourth at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1940 and second in 1946 and 1948. In 1948 he also won bronze medals at the national championships and Winter Olympics and graduated in law from the Oslo University. On 15 March 1950 he became the first Norwegian athlete to break the 100 m barrier when he jumped over 106 m in Planica, Yugoslavia. He retired in 1953 to become a ski jumping coach with Italian (1953–56) and Norwegian national teams (1956–1962).

paragraph: Besides ski jumping Schjelderup was known as an author, photographer and environmentalist who traveled around the country to promote outdoor activities. He published 10 books, mostly about ski jumping and nature, including the first Norwegian textbook on environmentalism for the elementary school in 1973.

paragraph: Schjelderup was married to the Norwegian actress and playwright Sossen Krohg from 1942 to 1947. In 1948 he met the African-American singer Anne Brown. She moved with him to Oslo where the couple eventually married. After their separation in 1969 he lived with the musical actress and singer until 1985, and for several years they stayed in Stockholm.

description: Norwegian ski jumper

wikidata_label: Thorleif Schjelderup

wikipedia_title: Thorleif Schjelderup


text:
Cincinnati, Ohio
Helen Herron Taft
William Howard Taft
White House
Lucy Webb Hayes
Rutherford B. Hayes
Ela Collins
William Collins
Isaac Clinton Collins
U.S. Women's Amateur
Baltusrol Golf Club
Genevieve Hecker
Frances C. Griscom
Irwin B. Laughlin
Archibald Butt
Titanic
Henry Frederick Lippitt
Frederick Lippitt
Mary Ann Lippitt
World War II
Providence, Rhode Island
Brown University
Swan Point Cemetery
Robert A. Taft
Helen Taft Manning
Charles Phelps Taft II

categories: Golfers from Ohio,American female golfers,1877 births,Amateur golfers,American socialites,People from Cincinnati

paragraph: Lucy Hayes Herron

paragraph: Lucy Hayes Herron Laughlin Lippitt (November 8, 1877 — July 27, 1961) was an American socialite and amateur golfer.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Herron was born in 1877 in Cincinnati, Ohio, the daughter of John Williamson Herron, a lawyer, and Harriet Anne Collins Herron. Her older sister, Helen Herron Taft, was the first lady of the United States, the wife of president William Howard Taft. Lucy was baptized in the White House and named for Lucy Webb Hayes, the wife of John Williamson Herron's close friend, president Rutherford B. Hayes. Some sources give her birth date as 1878 or 1879 (including her tombstone), but she was "born shortly after the election of Mr. Hayes" and named for the new first lady, which places her birth and baptism in 1877.

paragraph: Her maternal grandfather Ela Collins was a Congressman in the 1820s, as was an uncle, William Collins. Another uncle, Isaac Clinton Collins, was an Ohio state legislator and a judge.

paragraph: Section::::Golf.

paragraph: Herron was a serious amateur golfer, a member of the Cincinnati Golf Club. Because she was from Ohio instead of the East Coast, she was considered a "Western" golfer: "Miss Herron, who is strong on the putting green, is another one of the formidable golfers, who, of both sexes, the West is sending out to test Eastern skill to its utmost," commented one publication at the time. Her swing was described as "beautiful" "quick, machine-like" by colleagues. In 1897, she finished in third place at the U.S. Women's Amateur, and returned in 1898. In 1899, she won the Women's Golf Association Trophy in Philadelphia. She reached the finals of the 1901 U.S. Women's Amateur, held at Baltusrol Golf Club, where she was defeated by Genevieve Hecker. Frances C. Griscom listed her among the top women golfers in the United States.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Herron's first husband was steel company executive Thomas McKennan Laughlin, the brother of ambassador Irwin B. Laughlin. They married in 1903, and she was widowed when he died by suicide in 1910. They had two sons, William K. Laughlin and Thomas Irwin Laughlin. In 1911, she was rumored to be engaged to Archibald Butt, and aide to President Taft. She denied the rumors, and they did not marry; in 1912 he died on the "Titanic".

paragraph: Her second husband was Senator Henry Frederick Lippitt; they married, both for the second time, in 1915. With Lippitt she had another son, Frederick Lippitt, who became a congressman, and a daughter, Mary Ann Lippitt, who was a pilot during World War II and owned an aviation company in Rhode Island. She was widowed when Lippitt died in 1933. She died in 1961, in Providence, Rhode Island. She left an estate reported to be worth eight million dollars, with significant gifts to children's, medical, and cultural charities in Rhode Island. Neither of her Lippitt children married; they were both major benefactors of Brown University and in 2004 were jointly awarded the President's Medal for their contributions to the school. Her grave is with her second husband's and her younger children's, at Swan Point Cemetery in Providence.

paragraph: Her notable nephews and nieces included Robert A. Taft, Helen Taft Manning, and Charles Phelps Taft II.

wikidata_label: Lucy Hayes Herron

wikipedia_title: Lucy Hayes Herron


text:
hadith
muhaddith
Harun al-Rashid
Kufa
Umayyad Caliphate
hadith
Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani
Abd al-Rahman al-Awza'i
Malik ibn Anas
Al-Dhahabi
Siyar a`lam al-nubala
Sufyan al-Thawri
Shu'ba Ibn al-Ḥajjāj
Ibn Jurayj
Fayd
Makkah

categories: Taba‘ at-Tabi‘in hadith narrators,746 births

paragraph: Wakee ibn al-Jarrah

paragraph: Wakee ibn al-Jarrah al-Kufi (746-812) was a hadith scholar of 8th-century. He was considered as Chief muhaddith of his time. It is reported that Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid offered him the post of Chief Justice, but he refused because of fear of dependence on power and his asceticism.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Wakee was born in 746 (129 AH) in Kufa, Umayyad Caliphate, where his father was the head of the Bayt al-mal. He studied the science of hadith from his father.

paragraph: Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani has mentioned a long list of his teachers and students in his work Tahdhib al-tahdhib. Notable teachers of Wakee include Ismāʿīl ibn Abī K̲h̲ālid, ʿIkrima ibn ʿAmmār, al-Aʿmas̲h̲, Abd al-Rahman al-Awza'i and Malik ibn Anas. Al-Dhahabi in his Siyar a`lam al-nubala has listed the names of about 20 teachers of Wakee out of which the famous are Sufyan al-Thawri, Shu'ba Ibn al-Ḥajjāj and Ibn Jurayj. Wakee ibn al-Jarrah died in 812 (197 AH) on the way to Hajj at Fayd in Makkah.

paragraph: Section::::Literary works.

paragraph: Few notable books of Wakee are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tafsir al-Quran"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "al-Sunan"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "al-Marifa Wa al-Tarikh"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "al-Musannaf"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "al-Zuhd"

description: 8th-century Islamic scholar

wikidata_label: Wakee ibn al-Jarrah

wikipedia_title: Wakee ibn al-Jarrah


text:
operetta
Leo Fall
Jean Gilbert
Emmerich Kálmán
Ralph Benatzky
Gestapo
University of Vienna
pantomime
Rudolf Bernauer
Ernst Welisch
musical theatre
Nazi Germany
Nuremberg Laws
Bad Ischl
German annexation of Austria
Abbazia
Croatia
Gestapo
comic opera
Oscar Straus
Filmzauber
Rudolf Bernauer
Posse mit Gesang
Walter Kollo
Ernst Welisch
Jean Gilbert
Theater des Westens
Madame Pompadour
Leo Fall
Casanova
Ralph Benatzky
Großes Schauspielhaus
Neues Deutsches Theater
Komische Oper
Emmerich Kálmán
Theater an der Wien

categories: 1875 births,1944 deaths,People from Vienna,Austrian Jews who died in the Holocaust,Austrian operetta librettists,Dramatists and playwrights who committed suicide

paragraph: Rudolf Schanzer

paragraph: Rudolf (or Rudolph) Schanzer (12 January 1875 – 1944) was an Austrian playwright and journalist. He is primarily known for the numerous operetta librettos that he wrote for composers such as Leo Fall, Jean Gilbert, Emmerich Kálmán, and Ralph Benatzky. He was born in Vienna and died in Italy where he committed suicide after his arrest by the Gestapo.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Schanzer was born into a Jewish family in Vienna where his father worked as a shipping agent. From 1894 to 1895 he studied law at the University of Vienna and then went to Paris where he worked as a private secretary and journalist. After Paris, he settled in Berlin working there as a journalist, critic, and editor for the "". He also began writing theatrical pieces in his spare time. Some of his earliest works were for pantomimes and cabaret and variety shows. He then began collaborating on operetta librettos with his friends and fellow writers Rudolf Bernauer and Ernst Welisch. Their success led him to becoming a full-time librettist.

paragraph: During the course of his career he would write or co-write over 30 operetta and musical theatre librettos, many of which were later made into films. With the rise of Nazi Germany and the enactment of the antisemitic Nuremberg Laws in 1935, Schanzer left Berlin and moved to his villa in the Austrian spa town of Bad Ischl. He returned to Vienna in 1936, but following the German annexation of Austria in 1938, he fled to Abbazia, a town now in Croatia but then under Italian control. He tried to emigrate to the US or England but was unsuccessful. Schanzer was arrested by the Gestapo in 1944 and was to be deported to a concentration camp. He committed suicide while in custody by taking the poison which he had always carried with him after his flight from Austria.

paragraph: Section::::Librettos.

paragraph: Librettos written or co-written by Schanzer include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der schwarze Mann", comic opera in 1 act composed by Oscar Straus; premiered Berlin, Secessionstheater, 23 December 1901

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Filmzauber" (with Rudolf Bernauer), "Posse mit Gesang" in 4 acts composed by Walter Kollo; premiered Berlin, , 19 October 1912

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wie einst in Mai" (with Rudolf Bernauer), operetta in 4 acts composed by Walter Kollo; premiered Berlin, Berliner Theater, 4 October 1913

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die tolle Komtess" (with Rudolf Bernuauer), operetta in 3 acts composed by Walter Kollo; premiered Berlin, Berliner Theater, 21 February 1917

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blitzblaues Blut" (with Rudolf Bernauer), operetta in 3 acts composed by Walter Kollo; premiered Berlin, Berliner Theater, 9 February 1918

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sterne, die wieder leutchen" (with Rudolf Bernauer), operetta in 3 acts composed by Walter Kollo; premiered Berlin, Berliner Theater, 6 September 1918

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Frau im Hermelin" (with Ernst Welisch), operetta in 3 acts composed by Jean Gilbert; premiered Berlin, Theater des Westens, 22 August 1919

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Geiger von Lugano " (with Ernst Welisch ), operetta in 3 acts composed by Jean Gilbert; premiered Berlin, Thalia Theater, 26 September 1920

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Braut des Lucullus" (with Ernst Welisch ), operetta in 3 acts composed by Jean Gilbert; premiered Berlin, Theater des Westens, 26 August 1921

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Madame Pompadour" (with Ernst Welisch ), operetta in 3 acts composed by Leo Fall; premiered Berlin, Berliner Theater, 9 September 1922

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Riquette" (with Ernst Welisch), operetta in 3 acts composed by Oscar Straus; premiered Berlin, , 17 January 1925

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Teresina" (with Ernst Welisch), operetta in 3 acts, composed by Oscar Straus; premiered Berlin, Deutsches Künstlertheater, 11 September 1925

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Spiel um die Liebe" (with Ernst Welisch), operetta in 3 acts composed by Jean Gilbert; premiered Berlin, Theater des Westens, 19 December 1925

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Casanova" (with Ernst Welisch ), operetta in 3 acts composed by Ralph Benatzky; premiered Berlin, Großes Schauspielhaus, 1 September 1928

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (with Ernst Welisch), operetta in 3 acts composed by Ralph Benatzky; premiered Berlin, Großes Schauspielhaus, 31 August 1929

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die erste Beste" (with Ernst Welisch), operetta in 3 acts, composed by Oscar Straus; premiered Prague, Neues Deutsches Theater, 19 October 1929

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Mädel am Steuer" (with Ernst Welisch), musical comedy in 3 acts composed by Jean Gilbert; premiered Berlin, Komische Oper, 17 September 1930

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Teufelsreiter" (with Ernst Welisch), operetta in 3 acts composed by Emmerich Kálmán; premiered Vienna, Theater an der Wien, 10 March 1932

wikidata_label: Rudolf Schanzer

wikipedia_title: Rudolf Schanzer


text:
OCSO
Our Lady of the Atlas Abbey
Pope Francis
murder of the monks of Tibhirine
Of Gods and Men
Blois, France
Tamié Abbey
Henri Teissier
Armed Islamic Group
Abdelhak Layada
martyrs of Algeria
Oran, Algeria

categories: 1996 deaths,French monks,Trappists,1950 births

paragraph: Christophe Lebreton

paragraph: Christophe Lebreton OCSO (October 11, 1950 - May 21, 1996) was one of seven Trappist monks from the Our Lady of the Atlas Abbey of Tibhirine near Médéa, Algeria who were kidnapped and killed during the Algerian Civil War. He was recognized as a martyr by Pope Francis in January 2018, and proclaimed Blessed on December 8, 2018 in Oran, Algeria, along with the other martyrs of Algeria. His writings, published after his death, reveal his poetry and spiritual depth. The murder of the monks of Tibhirine gained widespread attention in the prize-winning film Of Gods and Men.

paragraph: Section::::Early Life.

paragraph: Christophe Lebreton was born in Blois, France in 1950, and grew up in a family of twelve children and performed his national service in Algeria in 1970 by teaching students and working with handicapped children. Father Carmona, a priest friend, brought him to Tibhirine on several occasions. The extreme poverty of the neighboring people made an indelible impression. Lebreton said that he was sure that he would return.

paragraph: Section::::Life as a Monk.

paragraph: In 1974, he abandoned his legal studies in Tours to enter the Trappist Tamié Abbey, Savoy and made his religious profession in 1980. After a period of monastic formation, desiring a simpler life and responding to a call for reinforcement, he changed his stability to the Algerian monastery of Our Lady of the Atlas. He was ordained priest by Bishop Henri Teissier in 1993. In the monastery his work responsibilities included liturgy, farming, vineyards, and gardening. We was also subprior of the monastery as well as novice master.

paragraph: Lebreton kept a diary, especially from 1993 until his death. His writings show the density of his poetry, his open and reflective exchanges with his Algerian neighbors, and his spiritual depth.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Lebreton was abducted in the night of March 27, 1996 along with six of his fellow monks when twenty armed members of the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) arrived at the monastery of Tibhirine and kidnapped the monks. Two other monks, Father Jean-Pierre and Father Amédée, were in separate rooms and escaped. After the kidnappers left, the remaining monks tried to contact the police, but the phone lines were cut due to a curfew. They had to wait until morning to drive to the police station in Médéa to report the attack and kidnapping.

paragraph: After the kidnapping, the GIA announced that they would release the monks in exchange for Abdelhak Layada, a former GIA leader who had been arrested three years earlier. The demands were not met and on May 23, 1996, the GIA announced that they had executed the monks.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification.

paragraph: Pope Francis beatified the seven monks, including Lebreton, along with 12 others as martyrs of Algeria on December 8, 2018. The celebration occurred in Oran, Algeria.

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: French monk in Algeria, martyr, blessed

wikidata_label: Christophe Lebreton

wikipedia_title: Christophe Lebreton


text: Indo-Scythian

text: satrap

text: Azes II

text: Mathura lion capital

text: Mathura

text: Azes II

text: Indravarman Silver Reliquary

text: Bajaur casket

text: Richard Salomon

text: Kushan

text: Joe Cribb

text: Darunta district

text: Jalalabad

text: Nagarahara

text: Arta

text: Maues

text: Satrap

text: Chukhsa

text: F. W. Thomas

text: Nada Diaka

text: Sten Konow

text: Rajuvula

text: Kushan

text: Kujula Kadphises

text: Mathura lion capital

text: Joe Cribb

text: Northern Satrap

text: Mathura

text: Sodasa

text: Kushan

text: Vima Takto

text: Greek

text: Kharoshthi

text: Azes

text: Mujatria

text: Arta

text: Mujatria

text: Bimaran casket

text: Indravarman's Silver Reliquary

text: Kharoshthi

text: Apraca

text: Indravarma

text: Bajaur casket

text: Bajaur casket

text: Mujatria

text: Joe Cribb

text: Azes

text: Parama-Kambojas

text: India and Central Asia

text: Mathura Lion Capital Inscriptions

categories: 1st-century BC rulers in Asia,Indo-Scythian kings,Indo-Scythian satraps,1st-century monarchs in Asia,1st-century BC Iranian people

paragraph: Kharahostes

paragraph: Kharahostes or Kharaostasa was an Indo-Scythian ruler (probably a satrap) in the northern Indian subcontinent around 10 BCE – 10 CE. He is known from his coins, often in the name of Azes II, and possibly from an inscription on the Mathura lion capital, although another satrap Kharaostes has been discovered in Mathura.

paragraph: He was probably a successor of Azes II. Epigraphical evidence from inscribed reliquaries show for certain that he was already ""Yabgu"-King", when the Indravarman Silver Reliquary was dedicated, which is itself positioned with certainty before the 5-6 CE Bajaur casket. There is some dispute however about the exact meaning of "Yabgu"-King. For Richard Salomon, "Yabgu" means "tribal chief", in the manner of the Kushans, suggesting that Kharahostes was already fully king by the end of the 1st century BCE, supporting a 10 BCE- 10 CE date for his reign. For Joe Cribb, this is a misspelling by a careless scribe, and should be read ""yuva"-King" which means "Heir apparent", and therefore would push forward the years Kharahostes actually ruled to the first part of the 1st century CE.

paragraph: Coin finds suggest that Kharahostes ruled in the area of the Darunta district to the west of Jalalabad, probably based on the ancient city of Nagarahara, located to the west of Jalalabad.

paragraph: Section::::Son of Arta.

paragraph: Kharahostes's own coins attest that he was the son of Arta, a brother of king Maues, and Satrap of Chukhsa.

paragraph: According to F. W. Thomas and Hendrik Willem Obbink, his mother was Nada Diaka, who was the daughter of Ayasia Kamuia. However, according to Sten Konow, Ayasia Kamuia, the chief queen of Rajuvula, was the daughter of Kharahostes.

paragraph: Kharohostes' coinage bears a dynastic mark (a circle within three pellets), which is rather similar, although not identical, with the dynastic mark of the Kushan ruler Kujula Kadphises (three pellets joined together), which has led to suggestions that they may have been contemporary rulers.

paragraph: The Kharaosta of the Mathura lion capital inscriptions is usually identified with the Satrap Kharaostas or Kharahostes. However, according to a recent study by Joe Cribb, the Kharaostes of Mathura should be considered as a different Indo-Scythian Northern Satrap, who ruled in Mathura with his own specific coinage and was probably a successor of Sodasa just before the conquest of Mathura by Kushan king Vima Takto.

paragraph: Kharaosta's known coins are of two types, presenting legends in Greek characters on the obverse and in Kharoshthi in the reverse: a round type in the name of Azes and three-pellet symbol, also recently attributed to his son Mujatria, and a square type without the three-pellet symbol in his own name, as son of Arta.

paragraph: The Greek and Kharoshthi legends in the square coins run thus:

paragraph: Some of his coins write "Ortas" in place of "Artas".

paragraph: Section::::Buddhist dedications.

paragraph: Kharahostes is known for several Buddhist dedications.

paragraph: Section::::Buddhist dedications.:Bimaran casket.

paragraph: Unworn coins of Kharahostes, or his son Mujatria, were found in the Bimaran casket, suggesting the dedication was made during his rule or that of his son, if not by them personally.

paragraph: Section::::Buddhist dedications.:Indravarman's Silver Reliquary.

paragraph: Kharahostes is also known as one of the owners of the Indravarman's Silver Reliquary as described by the inscriptions in Kharoshthi on the reliquary. He was probably the initial owner of the reliquary, which was then rededicated by Apraca ruler Indravarma. The Indravarman Silver Reliquary is dated with certainty before the Bajaur casket, meaning it must have been dedicated by Indravarman as a Prince in the end of the 1st century BCE, implying that Kharahostes, the previous owner of the Silver Reliquary (as shown by the inscriptions) was already king before that time (at the very least before 6 CE, date of the Bajaur casket).

paragraph: Section::::A son: Mujatria.

paragraph: Some rare square coins, also displaying the three-pellet symbol, were struck in the name of Mujatria, who claims in the Kharoshthi legends of these coins that he is the "son of Kharahostes".

paragraph: A recent study (2015) by Joe Cribb suggests that the round debased silver coins with three-pellet symbols in the name of Azes, usually attributed to Kharahostes, should actually be attributed to Mujatria.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parama-Kambojas

paragraph: BULLET::::- India and Central Asia

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mathura Lion Capital Inscriptions

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Early Kushan Kings: New Evidence for Chronology: Para (63)

description: Indo-Schythian King

wikidata_label: Kharahostes

wikipedia_title: Kharahostes