text: King of Mann and the Isles

text: Crovan dynasty

text: Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles

text: Hákon Hákonarson, King of Norway

text: homage

text: charter

text: seal

text: English

text: Norwegian

text: Scottish Crowns

text: knighted

text: Henry III, King of England

text: Shetland

text: Rǫgnvaldr

text: floruit

text: Argyll

text: Alexander II, King of Scotland

text: Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles

text: Crovan dynasty

text: Clann Somhairle

text: Ruaidhrí mac Raghnaill

text: Domhnall mac Raghnaill

text: Raghnall mac Somhairle

text: Fearchar mac an tSagairt

text: Chronicle of Mann

text: Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson

text: Guðrøðr Dond

text: Norwegian

text: Scottish realms

text: Hebrides

text: Mann

text: Norway

text: Magnús berfœttr, King of Norway

text: Orkney

text: Dublin

text: Norwegian Crown

text: floruit

text: Hákon Hákonarson, King of Norway

text: Scottish Crown

text: Alexander II, King of Scotland

text: Henry III, King of England

text: English Crown

text: Wales

text: foster-son

text: Llywelyn ap Gruffudd

text: Ralph de Mortimer

text: Maelienydd

text: Gwerthrynion

text: homage

text: vassal

text: seal

text: antiquarian

text: Christopher Hatton

text: clinker-built

text: Cottonian Library

text: Ashburnham House

text: Furness Abbey

text: Ronaldsway

text: Manx parish

text: Marown

text: Whithorn Priory

text: Galloway

text: knighted

text: Pentecost

text: Chronica majora

text: Easter day

text: William Camden

text: John Selden

text: Gaelic

text: Icelandic annals

text: Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar

text: Oslo

text: Bergen

text: Eóghan Mac Dubhghaill, Lord of Argyll

text: Dubhghall mac Ruaidhrí

text: Irish sources

text: Shetland

text: tidal race

text: Sumburgh Roost

text: Sumburgh Head

text: Fair Isle

text: Laurence, Archdeacon of Mann

text: Bishop of the Isles

text: Clann Domhnaill

text: Ulster

text: Norwegian Crown

text: magnate

text: Scottish Crown

text: Argyll

text: successor-son

categories: 13th-century Manx people,Crovan dynasty,1248 deaths,13th-century monarchs in Europe,13th-century rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles,Monarchs of the Isle of Man,Accidental deaths in Scotland,Deaths due to shipwreck,1220s births

paragraph: Haraldr Óláfsson

paragraph: Haraldr Óláfsson (died 1248) was a thirteenth-century King of Mann and the Isles, and a member of the Crovan dynasty. He was one of several sons of Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles, although the identity of his mother is uncertain. When his father died in 1237, Haraldr succeeded to the kingship as a fourteen-year-old, and held the kingship for about a decade afterwards.

paragraph: Early in his reign, Haraldr was forced to contend with an apparent coup perpetrated by a kinsman and perhaps an otherwise unknown younger brother. Following this, Haraldr was then ejected from Mann by envoys of his father's overlord, Hákon Hákonarson, King of Norway, who probably took action against Haraldr because the former had refused to render him homage. Unable to overcome Hákon's supporters in the Isles, Haraldr eventually submitted to Hákon in Norway, and remained there for about two or three years before being restored in the Isles.

paragraph: Unlike his immediate royal predecessors, who appear to have favoured the title "rex insularum", Haraldr appears to have preferred "rex mannie et insularum". Three charters from Haraldr's reign are known, two of which are recorded to have borne a waxen seal, depicting a galley on one side and a lion on the other. Haraldr reigned during a period of competing claims to overlordship of the Isles by the English, Norwegian, and Scottish Crowns. Like his father before him, and a younger brother after him, Haraldr was knighted by Henry III, King of England. The act itself brought Haraldr closer within the orbit of the English Crown. Late in 1247, however, Haraldr returned to Norway and married Hákon's daughter, Cecilía, and thereby bound himself closer to the Norwegian Crown. Whilst attempting to return to the Isles in the autumn of 1248, the newly-wed's ship was lost at sea south of Shetland in a tidal race known as Sumburgh Roost. News of Haraldr's demise appears to have reached Mann by the spring of 1249, whereupon his younger brother, Rǫgnvaldr, succeeded to the kingship.

paragraph: Haraldr was evidently a popular and capable king who appears to have garnered much of his support from the Hebridean portion of his realm. His untimely death, however, led to the continuation of the vicious kin-strife which had wracked the Crovan dynasty during his father's floruit. The chaos brought about by Haraldr's demise appears to have contributed to the invasion of Argyll, and near conquest of the Hebrides, by Alexander II, King of Scotland.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Haraldr was a son of Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles, and a member of the Crovan dynasty. The identity of Haraldr's mother is less certain. Óláfr is known to have had two wives. His first marriage was to """", a woman who was likely a member of Clann Somhairle, possibly a daughter of either Ruaidhrí mac Raghnaill or Domhnall mac Raghnaill, or else a daughter of their father, Raghnall mac Somhairle. Óláfr's second wife was Cairistíona, daughter of Fearchar mac an tSagairt. Although no contemporaneous source names Haraldr's mother, the thirteenth- to fourteenth-century "Chronicle of Mann" states that Óláfr died in 1237, and specifies that Haraldr was fourteen-years-old at the time. This would place his birth in about 1222 or 1223, at about the time that Óláfr married his second wife, indicating that either woman could have been Haraldr's mother.

paragraph: Haraldr reigned during an apparent lull in an ongoing and vicious struggle over the kingship fought between two rival branches of the Crovan dynasty. This kin-strife had its origins in the late twelfth century, on the death of Haraldr's paternal grandfather, Guðrøðr Óláfsson, King of Dublin and the Isles, after which the king was succeeded by Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson. Although the latter was Guðrøðr Óláfsson's eldest son, and had the support of the Islesmen, Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson's mother was an uncanonical wife or concubine. Haraldr's father, on the other hand, was the product of canonically recognised marriage, and may well have been Guðrøðr Óláfsson's chosen successor. After a period of imprisonment, Rǫgnvaldr had Óláfr marry Lauon, the sister of his own wife. Óláfr, however, managed to have the union nullified, and married Cairistíona. Tensions between the half-brothers turned to outright warfare in the 1220s, in which Rǫgnvaldr's son, Guðrøðr Dond, was captured and mutilated by Óláfr. Rǫgnvaldr was slain battling Óláfr in 1229, after which the latter gained complete control of the kingdom. In the 1230s, during a period of heightened tensions between the Norwegian and Scottish realms, Óláfr and Guðrøðr Dond temporarily shared control of the Crovan dynasty's partitioned realm. When the latter was killed in 1231, Óláfr assumed control of the entire kingdom, and ruled it peacefully until his own death.

paragraph: Haraldr also ruled during a period of competing claims to the overlordship of the Isles, a region comprising the Hebrides and Mann, known in the Norse world as "" (the "Southern Islands") due to its geographical position in relation to Norway itself. Since the reign of Magnús berfœttr, King of Norway, a king who conquered Orkney, the Isles, and possibly Dublin before his death in 1103, the Norwegian Crown appears to have claimed ultimate authority in the Isles. In fact, on several occasions during the reigns of Haraldr's royal predecessors, leading Islesmen sought recognition and protection from Norwegian monarchs. The ruler of Norway during Haraldr's floruit was Hákon Hákonarson, King of Norway, a formidable ruler who spent the latter part of his reign focused on foreign policy and strengthening royal authority throughout far-flung Norse colonies such as the Isles. At the same time the Scottish Crown, in the person of Alexander II, King of Scotland, consolidated control over Scotland's western seaboard, and moved to extend Scottish influence further into the Isles. Meanwhile, Henry III, King of England also had an interest in the Isles, and worked to bring the Crovan dynasty closer under the orbit of the English Crown.

paragraph: Section::::Accession and overlordship.

paragraph: After his father's death, Haraldr succeeded to the kingship. Unlike the reign of his father, who temporarily ruled a partitioned kingdom, and endured years of near catastrophic kin-strife, Haraldr appears to have ruled a whole kingdom, and his kingship does not seem to have suffered from serious dynastic discord. Haraldr's young age at the time of his accession, and the fact that he had a potential rival in the person of Haraldr Guðrøðarson, suggests that Haraldr had been designated successor during his father's lifetime. Not long after his accession, the "Chronicle of Mann" records that he sailed into the Hebridean portion of the kingdom, and left a kinsman named Lochlann as governor on Mann. Lochlann's tenure on the island led to factional strife, and when Haraldr made his return the following spring, the chronicle states that Lochlann fled the island for Wales, taking with him his foster-son, Guðrøðr Óláfsson. There, somewhere along the northern Welsh coast, the chronicle claims that their ship was lost, with Lochlann and his foster-son amongst the dead. Quite why Lochlann was compelled to flee his sovereign in uncertain. The chronicle states that a friend of Haraldr had been slain in the uprising quelled by Lochlann, possibly indicate that the latter fled in fear of the king. Another possibility, is that Lochlann led a coalition opposed to Haraldr. Quite why Lochlann chose to Wales as his destination is also unknown, although the Crovan dynasty certainly had diplomatic and familial connections with the Welsh. In fact, a transaction between Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and Ralph de Mortimer that concerns the lands of Maelienydd and Gwerthrynion, and appears to date to 1241, makes note of a witness named """". The precise identity of this man is uncertain. One possibility is that he is identical to Lochlann's foster-son. If the chronicle is in error in its account of the maritime demise of Guðrøðr Óláfsson, and he is indeed identical to the like-named Manx prince on record in Wales, his activities outwith the kingdom of his forefathers may have been a consequence of the troubles following the Haraldr's accession. The chronicle's account of the flight to Wales may, therefore, reveal that Lochlann tried and failed to replace Haraldr with an otherwise unknown younger son of Óláfr. If so, the episode would appear to be yet another example of the Crovan dynasty enduring internal strife.

paragraph: Later in 1238, the chronicle reveals that envoys of Hákon expelled Haraldr from Mann because the latter had refused to render homage to his overlord in Norway. Hákon's delegates in the Isles—a certain Gospatric, and Giolla Críost mac Muircheartaigh—are described by the chronicle to have seized control of the island, and taken tribute which was due to the Norwegian king. By sending such emissaries—men apparently without any hereditary claim to the kingdom—Hákon ignored other potential claimants, such as other members of the Crovan dynasty and members of Clann Somhairle. About a decade before, when Haraldr's father first gained complete control of the kingdom, Óláfr journeyed to Norway and may have rendered homage to Hákon. Later in 1235 Óláfr rendered homage to Henry, before being called back to Norway the following year. The episode concerning the ejection of Haraldr may well be related to his father's fealty to the English Crown, and appears to indicate that the latter was deposed for not fulfilling his duties as a Norwegian vassal; and that upon his subsequent removal, Haraldr's rights of vassalage passed to Hákon himself.

paragraph: Although Haraldr attempted to oust Hákon's representatives on several occasions, his successive invasions of Mann from the Hebrides ultimately proved unsuccessful, and the chronicle indicates that he finally journeyed to Norway to render his submission. After a stay of about two or three years in Scandinavia, the chronicle reports that Haraldr became reconciled with Hákon, who restored him to the kingship. The source reveals that the boundaries of his kingdom were carefully defined by Hákon as the islands which had been previously ruled by Haraldr's father, his uncle (Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson), and his paternal grandfather. The Norwegian king, therefore, not only deliberately excluded the island territories ruled by Clann Somhairle, but limited the possibility of Haraldr becoming in drawn into alignment with Scottish interests like some leading members of Clann Somhairle had been. Upon his return to the Isles, the chronicle states that the Manxmen rejoiced at his arrival; and declares that he afterwards reigned quietly and peacefully, enjoying an alliance of friendship with both the English and Scottish Crowns.

paragraph: Section::::Acta and honours.

paragraph: The earliest member of the Crovan dynasty known to have utilised a seal is Haraldr's paternal grandfather, who attached such a device to a confirmation charter granted in about 1154. Although none of the original seals borne by the Crovan dynasty have survived, several were documented by sixteenth- and seventeenth-century antiquarians. In regards to Haraldr himself, one such antiquarian named Christopher Hatton not only transcribed two of Haraldr's charters, but made drawings of the seals which were attached to them. The devices themselves were in poor condition by Hatton's time, as his illustrations show portions of them broken away. It is clear, however, that the seals bore a lion on one side, and a clinker-built galley with sails furled on the other side. About a century later, the charters and seals, along with other priceless documents of the Cottonian Library, were destroyed by fire at Ashburnham House in 1731. Waxen seals affixed to acta not only served to authenticate the written documents, but also physically symbolise the authority and significance of them. For example, when Hákon formally confirmed the kingship of Magnús Óláfsson, King of Mann and the Isles, Haraldr's younger brother and eventual royal successor, the Norwegian king is said by the "Chronicle of Mann" to have done so "by the protection of his seal". To the kings of the Crovan dynasty, whose military strength laid in the power of armed galley-fleets, the symbol of such a vessel upon their seals represented the strength and authority they held in the Isles.

paragraph: One of Haraldr's charters to which a seal was attached was a grant to the monks of Furness Abbey concerning mining rights on Mann, the use of a depot at "'" (probably Ronaldsway), and the freedom from tolls and customs. The record of this document is the earliest evidence for mineral exploitation on the island, an industry that expanded throughout the island by the century's end. In another charter, Haraldr pledged the protection of the abbey's ships and goods. His amiable interactions with the English abbey contrasted the apparent aggression of his father, who was warned by the English king not to harm the monks or their property. In a further charter, evidenced from a sixteenth-century copy, Haraldr confirmed his father's earlier grant of the lands of "'" (probably Ballaharry), and the churches of St Ninian of """" and St Runius (all located in the Manx parish of Marown), to Whithorn Priory in Galloway. Of the twenty royal charters known to have been issued by the Crovan dynasty, only three can be assigned to Haraldr's reign.

paragraph: Like his father before him, and his brother Magnús after him, Haraldr was knighted by Henry. The chronicle claims that the event took place in 1247, and elaborates that Haraldr returned home with "much honour, and great gifts". Contemporary English administrative records, however, reveal that the deed took place early in 1246. Specifically, a letter of safe-conduct, issued by the English king on 9 January 1246, orders that Haraldr was to be given safe-passage through England until Pentecost (27 May 1246). Similarly, the thirteenth-century "Chronica majora" reports that Henry confirmed the honour of knighthood upon Haraldr on Easter day that year. Numerous titles were accorded to the kings of the Crovan dynasty. The style apparently preferred by Haraldr's father was '. As for Haraldr and Magnús, they appear to have favoured the variant form '. According to the seventeenth-century antiquarians William Camden and John Selden, this title appeared on the legend of seals borne by the dynasty. It is unknown whose emblems these men were referring to, although they may well have been those of Haraldr. These titles are an equivalent of the Gaelic title ' ("king of the islands of the foreigners") first recorded in 989, a style almost certainly referring to Mann and the Hebrides. Other sources accord Haraldr similar titles. The Icelandic annals, for example, style him "'" ("king of the Hebrides").

paragraph: Section::::Dynastic alliance.

paragraph: In the autumn of 1247, Haraldr again voyaged to Norway, as evidenced by the "Chronicle of Mann" and the thirteenth-century "Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar". After Haraldr removed from Oslo to Bergen, these sources reveal that Hákon gave the hand of his widowed daughter, Cecilía, in marriage to Haraldr. Throughout his long reign, Hákon endeavoured to strengthen his far-flung Norwegian realm. In regard to the Isles, his bestowal of Cecilía in matrimony to Haraldr brought relations between the rulers of the realms to its climax. The compilers of the chronicle clearly considered the union to have elevated Haraldr's prestige above that of his predecessors, as this source claims that Hákon had declared he would hold his new son-in-law "in great glory and exalt the throne of his kingdom above all who ruled before him in the Isles".

paragraph: Whilst Haraldr was still in Norway, the saga states that two leading members of Clann Somhairle arrived at Hákon's court, with each seeking the kingship of the Isles: Eóghan Mac Dubhghaill, Lord of Argyll and Dubhghall mac Ruaidhrí. Although 1247 was also the year of Hákon's royal coronation, and it is possible that the arrival of the Clann Somhairle dynasts was a result of the reimposition of Norwegian overlordship (as appears to have been the case with Haraldr), there may have been other reasons for the arrival of Eóghan and Dubhghall. For example, 1247 was also the year that a prominent member of Clann Somhairle, called "Mac Somhairle" in Irish sources, was slain in Ireland battling the English. The knighting of Haraldr the year previous may well have entailed some act of submission to the Henry, and it is possible that Hákon had consequently recognised Mac Somhairle's kingship in the Isles in response to Haraldr's acceptance of English overtures. An alliance with a ruler of the Isles would have certainly benefited Henry's ongoing military operations in Ireland, and it is possible that it was such a pact that had prompted Mac Somhairle's involvement against the English. Haraldr's subsequent marriage to Cecilía, therefore, may have been a successful attempt by Hákon to lure Haraldr back to his side.

paragraph: Section::::Death and after-effects.

paragraph: In 1248, the "Chronicle of Mann", "Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar", and the Icelandic annals indicate that Haraldr and Cecilía drowned whilst voyaging from Norway to the Isles. Since the wreckage of their vessel washed ashore from the south, the saga specifically states that the ship was thought to have been lost south of Shetland in "", a treacherous tidal race otherwise known in more modern times as Sumburgh Roost and Da Roost, lying between Sumburgh Head and Fair Isle (). Amongst those drowned was Laurence, Archdeacon of Mann, a man who had recently been elected Bishop of the Isles by the chapter of Mann. Although Laurence had presented himself in Norway to Haraldr and Sigurðr tapsi Indriðason, Archbishop of Niðaróss, the chronicle reveals that Haraldr had postponed his consecration until the former could be publicly elected in the Isles before king, clergy, and people.

paragraph: Haraldr's death led to what was the final stage of inter-dynastic strife amongst his family. News of Haraldr and Cecilía's death does not appear to have reached Mann until the spring of 1249. According to the chronicle, Haraldr's younger brother, Rǫgnvaldr, succeeded to the kingship on 6 May 1249, only to be slain on 30 May by a man who appears to have been an accomplice of Rǫgnvaldr and Haraldr's cousin, Haraldr Guðrøðarson. With Rǫgnvaldr out of the way, Haraldr Guðrøðarson successfully seized the throne, and replaced Haraldr's former supporters with proponents of his own. According to the chronicle, one of the men who suffered under Haraldr Guðrøðarson's regime was a certain chieftain called """". This man is stated to have been held in high esteem by Haraldr, but held a prisoner by Haraldr Guðrøðarson. Although the identity of this man is uncertain, he could be identical to Domhnall, the eponym of Clann Domhnaill. If such an identification is correct, and if Haraldr's mother was indeed Lauon of Clann Somhairle, the captive Dofnaldus would have been a close kinsman of Haraldr (perhaps a maternal uncle or maternal grandfather). In fact, Haraldr seems to have relied upon Hebridean support as opposed to Manx support during his reign. For example, the chronicle makes note of three sons of a certain Niall who supported Haraldr's cause early in his reign. It is possible that these men were related to a certain Domhnall mac Néill, an obscure figure who faced the brunt of a Scottish royal army in 1221. The latter's patronym suggests that he may have had Hebridean or Ulster connections.

paragraph: The maritime disaster in which Haraldr and Cecilía lost their lives demonstrates some of the difficulties faced by the Norwegian Crown in maintaining control of the far-flung Norse colonies west over sea. Not only did the calamity deprive the Islesmen of a capable king, but cost the Norwegian Crown a closely connected advocate in the region. Upon learning of the catastrophe, Hákon quickly sent Eóghan west over sea to temporarily take up the kingship of the Isles on his behalf. Eóghan, however, was not only a Norwegian dependant in the Isles, but an immanent Scottish magnate on the mainland. For several years the Scottish Crown appears to have attempted to acquire the Hebrides from Norwegian overlordsip, and expand its authority in Argyll. The apparent cooling of relations between Eóghan and Alexander, along with Haraldr's later demise, the resulting kin-strife concerning his succession, and Eóghan's subsequent acceptance of royal powers on Hákon's behalf, could all have contributed to the massed invasion into Argyll by Scottish royal forces within the year. After Alexander demanded Eóghan renounce his allegiance to Hákon, and ordered him to hand over certain mainland and island fortresses, Eóghan apparently withdrew into the northern Hebrides. The unfolding crisis only ended with the Scottish king's untimely death soon afterwards in July. According to "Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar", Alexander had made it clear that he had no intention of turning back until he had acquired control of the western Norwegian dominions within his sights. Within about two decades, such desires would be fully realised by his successor-son, with the final eclipse of Norwegian overlordship in the Isles and the extinction of the Crovan dynasty itself.

alias:
Arailt mac Amhlaíbh
Harald Olafsson
Haraldr Olafsson
Arailt mac Amhlaibh
Aralt mac Amlaíb Duib

description: King of Mann and the Isles

wikidata_label: Haraldr Óláfsson

wikipedia_title: Haraldr Óláfsson


text: American philosopher

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categories: Film theory,University of California, Berkeley faculty,Tougaloo College faculty,University of California, Berkeley alumni,20th-century American philosophers,Film theorists,Wittgensteinian philosophers,Philosophers from Georgia (U.S. state),Writers from Sacramento, California,American autobiographers,Harvard University alumni,Jewish philosophers,Juilliard School alumni,Writers from Atlanta,Wesleyan University faculty,Harvard University faculty,Yale University faculty,1926 births,Philosophers of language,People from Brookline, Massachusetts,American Jews,MacArthur Fellows,Ordinary language philosophy,Analytic philosophers,Harvard Fellows,2018 deaths,University of Chicago faculty

paragraph: Stanley Cavell

paragraph: Stanley Louis Cavell (; September 1, 1926 – June 19, 2018) was an American philosopher. He was the Walter M. Cabot Professor of Aesthetics and the General Theory of Value at Harvard University. He worked in the fields of ethics, aesthetics, and ordinary language philosophy. As an interpreter, he produced influential works on Wittgenstein, Austin, Emerson, Thoreau, and Heidegger. His work is characterized by its conversational tone and frequent literary references.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Cavell was born to a Jewish family in Atlanta, Georgia. His mother, a locally renowned pianist, trained him in music from his earliest days. During the Depression, Cavell’s parents moved several times between Atlanta and Sacramento, California. As an adolescent, Cavell played lead alto saxophone as the youngest member of a black jazz band in Sacramento. He entered the University of California, Berkeley where, along with his lifelong friend Bob Thompson (musician), he majored in music, studying with, among others, Roger Sessions and Ernest Bloch. After graduation, he studied composition at the Juilliard School of Music in New York City, only to discover that music was not his calling.

paragraph: He entered graduate school at UCLA, studying philosophy, and then transferred to Harvard University. As a student there he came under the influence of J. L. Austin, whose teaching and methods "knocked him off ... [his] horse." In 1954 he was awarded a Junior Fellowship at the Harvard Society of Fellows. Before completing his Ph.D., he became an Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1956. Cavell's daughter by his first wife (Marcia Cavell), Rachel Lee Cavell, was born in 1957. From 1962–1963 Cavell was a Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, where he befriended the British philosopher Bernard Williams. Cavell’s marriage to Marcia ended in divorce in 1961. In 1963 he returned to the Harvard Philosophy Department, where he became the Walter M. Cabot Professor of Aesthetics and the General Theory of Value.

paragraph: In the summer of 1964, Cavell joined a group of graduate students, who taught at Tougaloo College, a historically black college in Mississippi, as part of what became known as the Freedom Summer. He and Cathleen (Cohen) Cavell were married in 1967. In April 1969, during the student protests (chiefly arising from the Vietnam War), Cavell, helped by his colleague John Rawls, worked with a group of African-American students to draft language for a vote by the faculty that established the Department of African and African-American Studies at Harvard.

paragraph: In 1976, Cavell's first son Benjamin was born. In 1979, along with the documentary filmmaker Robert Gardner, Cavell helped found the Harvard Film Archive, to preserve and present the history of film. Cavell received a MacArthur Fellowship in 1992. From 1996-1997 Cavell was President of the American Philosophical Association (Eastern Division). In 1984, his second son David was born. He remained on the Harvard faculty until his retirement in 1997. After retiring, he taught courses at Yale University and the University of Chicago. He also held the Spinoza Chair of Philosophy at the University of Amsterdam in 1998.

paragraph: Cavell died in Boston, Massachusetts of heart failure on June 19, 2018 at the age of 91. He was buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Philosophy.

paragraph: Although trained in the Anglo-American analytic tradition, Cavell frequently interacted with the continental tradition. He includes film and literary study in philosophical inquiry. Cavell writes extensively on Ludwig Wittgenstein, J. L. Austin, and Martin Heidegger, as well as on the American transcendentalists Henry Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson. He interprets Wittgenstein in a fashion known as the New Wittgenstein. Cavell's writing incorporates autobiographical elements concerning how his movement between and within the ideas of these thinkers influenced and influences his own thinking that impacted spheres in the arts and humanities beyond the technical study of philosophy.

paragraph: Cavell established his distinct philosophical identity with "Must We Mean What We Say?" (1969), which addresses topics such as language use, metaphor, skepticism, tragedy, and literary interpretation, from the point of view of ordinary language philosophy, of which he is a practitioner and ardent defender. One of the essays discusses Søren Kierkegaard's work on revelation and authority, "The Book on Adler", in an effort to help re-introduce the book to modern philosophical readers. In "The World Viewed" (1971) Cavell looks at photography and film. He also covers modernism in art and the nature of media, where he mentions the influence of art critic Michael Fried's writing on his work.

paragraph: Cavell is perhaps best known for his book, "The Claim of Reason: Wittgenstein, Skepticism, Morality, and Tragedy" (1979), which forms the centerpiece of his work, and which has its origins in his doctoral dissertation. In "Pursuits of Happiness" (1981), Cavell describes his experience of seven prominent Hollywood comedies: "The Lady Eve", "It Happened One Night", "Bringing Up Baby", "The Philadelphia Story", "His Girl Friday", "Adam’s Rib", and "The Awful Truth". Cavell argues that these films, from the years 1934–1949, form part of what he calls the genre of "The Comedy of Remarriage," and he finds in them great philosophical, moral, and indeed political significance. Specifically, Cavell argues that these Hollywood comedies show that "the achievement of happiness requires not the [...] satisfaction of our needs [...] but the examination and transformation of those needs." According to Cavell, the emphasis that these movies place on "remarriage" draws attention to the fact that, within a relationship, happiness requires "growing up" together with one's partner.

paragraph: In "Cities of Words" (2004) Cavell traces the history of moral perfectionism, a mode of moral thinking spanning the history of Western philosophy and literature. Having used Emerson to outline the concept, this book suggests ways we might want to understand philosophy, literature, and film as preoccupied with features of perfectionism. In "Philosophy the Day After Tomorrow" (2005), a collection of essays, Cavell makes the case that J. L. Austin's concept of performative utterance requires the supplementary concept of "passionate utterance": "A performative utterance is an offer of participation in the order of law. And perhaps we can say: A passionate utterance is an invitation to improvisation in the disorders of desire." The book also contains extended discussions of Friedrich Nietzsche, Jane Austen, George Eliot, Henry James, and Fred Astaire, as well as familiar Cavellian subjects such as Shakespeare, Emerson, Thoreau, Wittgenstein, and Heidegger. Cavell's final book, "Little Did I Know: Excerpts from Memory" (2010), is an autobiography written in the form of a diary. In a series of consecutive, dated entries, Cavell inquires about the origins of his philosophy by telling the story of his life.

paragraph: A scholarly journal, the "Conversations: The Journal of Cavellian Studies", engages with his philosophical work. It is edited by Sérgio Dias Branco and Amir Khan and published by the University of Ottawa.

paragraph: Section::::Honorary degrees.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doctor of Humane Letters, Kalamazoo College, 1980

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doctor of Letters, Iona College, 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doctor of Humane Letters, University of Chicago, 1987

paragraph: BULLET::::- Docteur, Honoris Causa, Université de Strasbourg, 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doctor Philosophiae Honoris Causa, Hebrew University, 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doctor of Letters, Honoris Causa, University of East Anglia, 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Docteur, Honoris Causa, Ecole Normale Superieure, Lyon, 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doctor of Letters, Wesleyan University, 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doctor of Theology, Institut Protestant de Théologie de Paris, 2010

paragraph: Section::::Selected honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Junior Fellow, Society of Fellows, Harvard University, 1953–56

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fellow, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, 1962-1963

paragraph: BULLET::::- Distinguished Teaching Award, University of California, Berkeley, 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fellow, Wesleyan University Center for the Humanities, 1970-1971

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1978-

paragraph: BULLET::::- President, American Philosophical Association (Eastern Division), 1996–97

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 Centennial Medalist, Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences

paragraph: BULLET::::- Romanell Phi Beta Kappa Professorship, 2004–05

paragraph: Section::::Selected special lectureships.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patricia Wise Lecture, American Film Institute, 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mrs. William Beckman Lectures, University of California, Berkeley, 1983

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tanner Lecture, Stanford University, April 1986

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carus Lectures, American Philosophical Association, 1988

paragraph: BULLET::::- Plenary Address, Shakespeare World Congress, Los Angeles, 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- Presidential Address, American Philosophical Association, Atlanta, 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- Howison Lectures, University of California, Berkeley, February, 2002

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Must We Mean What We Say?" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Senses of Walden" (1972) Expanded edition San Francisco: North Point Press, 1981.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The World Viewed: Reflections on the Ontology of Film" (1971); 2nd enlarged edn. (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Claim of Reason: Wittgenstein, Skepticism, Morality, and Tragedy" (1979) New York: Oxford University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pursuits of Happiness: The Hollywood Comedy of Remarriage" (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Themes Out of School: Effects and Causes" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Disowning Knowledge: In Six Plays of Shakespeare" (1987); 2nd edn.: "Disowning Knowledge: In Seven Plays of Shakespeare" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Quest of the Ordinary: Lines of Scepticism and Romanticism" (1988) Chicago: Chicago University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This New Yet Unapproachable America: Lectures after Emerson after Wittgenstein" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Conditions Handsome and Unhandsome: The Constitution of Emersonian Perfectionism" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Pitch of Philosophy: Autobiographical Exercises" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Philosophical Passages: Wittgenstein, Emerson, Austin, Derrida" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Contesting Tears: The Melodrama of the Unknown Woman" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Emerson's Transcendental Etudes" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cities of Words: Pedagogical Letters on a Register of the Moral Life" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Philosophy the Day after Tomorrow" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Little Did I Know: Excerpts from Memory" (2010)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Fischer, "Stanley Cavell and Literary Criticism", Chicago U.P., 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Fleming and Michael Payne (eds), "The Senses of Stanley Cavell", Bucknell U.P., 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ted Cohen, Paul Guyer, and Hilary Putnam, eds., "Pursuits of Reason: Essays in Honor of Stanley Cavell", Texas Tech U.P., 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stephen Mulhall, "Stanley Cavell: Philosophy’s Recounting of the Ordinary", Clarendon Press, 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timothy Gould, "Hearing Things: Voice and Method in the Writing of Stanley Cavell", Chicago U.P., 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- Espen Hammer, "Stanley Cavell: Skepticism, Subjectivity, and the Ordinary", Polity Press/Blackwell’s, 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Eldridge (ed.), "Stanley Cavell", Cambridge U.P., 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sandra Laugier, "Une autre pensée politique américaine: La démocratie radicale d’Emerson á Stanley Cavell", Michel Houdiard Ēditeur, 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russell Goodman (ed.), "Contending with Stanley Cavell", Oxford U.P., 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alice Crary and Sanford Shieh (eds.), "Reading Cavell", Routledge, 2006.

paragraph: Articles

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Stanley Cavell Special Issue: Writings and Ideas on Film Studies, An Appreciation in Six Essays, "Film International", Issue 22, Vol. 4, No. 4 (2006), Jeffrey Crouse, guest editor. The essays include those by Diane Stevenson, Charles Warren, Anke Brouwers and Tom Paulus, William Rothman, Morgan Bird, and George Toles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Why Not Realize Your World?" Philosopher/Film Scholar William Rothman Interviewed by Jeffrey Crouse" in "Film International", Issue 54, Vol. 9, No. 6 (2011): 59–73.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Special Section on Stanley Cavell. "Film-Philosophy", Vol. 18 (2014): 1-171. Articles by William Rothman, Robert Sinnerbrink, David Macarthur, Richard Rushton, and Lisa Trahair.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Focus: Cavell in Words," "Philosophy and Literature", Vol. 40, No. 2 (2016): 446-94. Three essays by, respectively, Áine Mahon and Fergal McHugh, Peter Dula, and Erika Kidd.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harvard Philosophy Department website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Conversations: The Journal of Cavellian Studies

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Philosopher Goes to the Movies: Conversation with Stanley Cavell

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daniel Ross, Review of Cavell, "Philosophy the Day after Tomorrow"

paragraph: BULLET::::- A study (in French) on Cavell's idea of perfectionism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanley Cavell

paragraph: BULLET::::- PennSound page with audio and video links

paragraph: BULLET::::- Radio interview by Charles Bernstein

description: American philosopher

enwikiquote_title: Stanley Cavell

wikidata_label: Stanley Cavell

wikipedia_title: Stanley Cavell


text: Racine, Wisconsin

text: Badger Building

text: Champaign County

text: Illinois

text: University of Illinois

text: New Orleans

text: Atlanta

text: Jos. C. Llewellyn

text: Advance Threshing Machine Company

text: Battle Creek, Michigan

text: A. Arthur Guilbert

text: Grange Avenue Methodist Church

text: N. D. Fratt School

text: Elks club house (Racine, Wisconsin)

text: Racine Country Club

text: Mitchell-Lewis Motor Company

text: Hamilton Beach

text: St. Joseph, Missouri

text: Missouri River Telephone Company

text: Dakota Telephone & Electric Company

text: Coral Gables, Florida

categories: People from Racine, Wisconsin,Architects from Illinois,People from Champaign County, Illinois,1933 deaths,1868 births,Architects from Wisconsin

paragraph: Edmund Bailey Funston

paragraph: Edmund Bailey Funston (May 19, 1868 – May 10, 1933) was an American architect in Racine, Wisconsin. He is credited with designing the Badger Building (1916). He was the founder of Edmund B. Funston Company Architects. Funston was born in Champaign County, Illinois on May 19, 1868 to John H. Funston and Elizabeth E. (Bailey) Funston.

paragraph: Funston graduated in 1892 with a Bachelor of Science architecture degree from the University of Illinois. He taught in a manual training school in Colorado for two years before working in New Orleans and Atlanta. He worked as superintendent of construction at Jos. C. Llewellyn of Chicago for five years, including work on the construction of five buildings at the University of Illinois. He also superintended the rebuilding of the Advance Threshing Machine Company's building in Battle Creek, Michigan.

paragraph: Funston came to Racine and was associated with A. Arthur Guilbert as a partner from 1905 until 1915. The firm of Guilbert & Funston, Architects designed the Welsh Presbyterian church (Racine, Wisconsin), the First Methodist Church (Racine, Wisconsin), Grange Avenue Methodist Church, the First National Bank building, the Commercial & Savings Bank building, N. D. Fratt School, Elks club house (Racine, Wisconsin), Racine Country Club building, Fire engine houses Nos. 1 and 2, and an office building for the Mitchell-Lewis Motor Company.

paragraph: After Guilbert & Funston dissolved in 1915, Funston organized the firm of Edmund B. Funston Company. P. T. Beicher was his assistant. In 1915-16 he oversaw the design and construction of the 4-story Badger office building. He also designed the manufacturing plant for the Hamilton Beach Manufacturing Company, remodeled the Masonic temple, and designed an office building for David B. James S. Company.

paragraph: He founded the Funston Long Distance Telephone Company and constructed a telephone toll line from St. Joseph, Missouri east through Wisconsin. They acquired the control of the Missouri River Telephone Company and the Dakota Telephone & Electric Company, and Funston became president of all three.

paragraph: Funston married Miss Ella M. Kephart of Ravenswood, Chicago on August 23, 1905. Their daughter Jeanette was born November 27, 1915. Funston died at his residence in Coral Gables, Florida on May 10, 1933.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Record of the Funston family: Seven generations, 1765-1925 including biographical sketches, family tree and selected quotations. Unknown Binding January 1, 1925

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- notes on a couple of his building designs

description: American architect

wikidata_label: Edmund Bailey Funston

wikipedia_title: Edmund Bailey Funston


text:
Roman Catholic
German
saint
Hugh Capet
Saint Wolfgang
St. Emmeram's Abbey
Regensburg

categories: 1027 deaths,11th-century German people,Female saints of medieval Germany,German Roman Catholic saints,11th-century Christian saints,Year of birth unknown,Austrian Roman Catholic saints

paragraph: Aurelia of Regensburg

paragraph: Saint Aurelia of Regensburg (died 1027), also known as Aurelia of Ratisbon, is an 11th-century Roman Catholic German saint.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: According to local tradition, Aurelia was a daughter of Hugh Capet, the first King of the Franks. She fled, disguised as a pilgrim, in order to escape a marriage arranged by her parents against her will. Following the advice of Saint Wolfgang, Bishop of Ratisbon, who saw through her disguise, she accepted the life of a solitary and entered St. Emmeram's Abbey near Regensburg, where she remained for about fifty-two years.

paragraph: The reputation of her sanctity, evidenced by several miracles, was widespread at the time of her death in 1027. Her relics were enshrined, and her hermitage converted into a chapel, which became a popular pilgrimage site.

paragraph: Aurelia's name comes from the Latin term "aureus" meaning "golden".

description: Roman Catholic Austrian saint

wikidata_label: Aurelia of Regensburg

wikipedia_title: Aurelia of Regensburg


text:
Buenos Aires Cabildo
Salteras
Río de la Plata
Ortiz de Zárate
Juan de Garay
Santa Fe
caravan
wagons
San Miguel de Tucumán
Córdoba
Council
regidor
lieutenant governor
executor
alcalde
ranch
www.genealogia.org.ar
www.er-saguier.org

categories: 1557 births,1619 deaths,Explorers of Argentina,17th-century Spanish people,16th-century Spanish people,Mayors of Buenos Aires,People from Buenos Aires

paragraph: Antón Higueras de Santana

paragraph: Anton Higueras de Santana (1557–1619) was a Spanish Captain, who served as expeditionary and conquistador. He participated in the second foundation of Buenos Aires, holding honorary positions as mayor and alderman of the Buenos Aires Cabildo.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Salteras, Sevilla, son of Pedro Correa de Santana and Antonia Morena, belonging to an old Andalusian family. He had arrived in the Río de la Plata, in the expedition of Ortiz de Zárate, accompanied by his mother, and his sisters Maria Correa, Catherine Correa, Isabel and Leonor Correa de Santana, according to the shipping records, a nice woman with blond hair and blue eyes. His father Pedro Correa, had died in his hometown.

paragraph: Santana belonged to the first contingent of founding neighbors of Buenos Aires, who had been arrived with Juan de Garay from Santa Fe. He had served under Garay in military expeditiones against native populations. Towards the year of 1590, he was in charge of a caravan of wagons from the territory of San Miguel de Tucumán and Córdoba to the city of Buenos Aires.

paragraph: Soon after settling in Buenos Aires, Santana began to hold Council positions in the city, serving as regidor in 1589, and lieutenant governor for 1595. Then he held the position of faithful executor, and served as alcalde of first vote of Buenos Aires in 1592 and 1618.

paragraph: Like all the founding neighbors, Anton Higueras de Santana had received land grants. He owned a ranch located in the town of (Buenos Aires Province). He had two natural daughters, one of them was Beatriz Morena de Santana (wife of Francisco Rodriguez).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- www.genealogia.org.ar

paragraph: BULLET::::- www.er-saguier.org

description: Spanish explorer and mayor

wikidata_label: Anton Higueras de Santana

wikipedia_title: Antón Higueras de Santana


text:
American
diver
1920 Summer Olympics
Salem
Oregon
1910 United States Census
Portland
real estate
stenographer
basketball
California
Coos Bay, Oregon
rat
marshal
switchboard operator
indicted
theft
silverware
Multnomah Athletic Club
The Oregonian
Rose Festival
surfing
wakeboarding
United States Olympic Committee
New York
hold
USS "Princess Matoika"
telephone
YWCA
Constance Meyer
Jack Cody
YWCA
Ross Island
Jantzen Swimwear
Santa Monica
Jonathan Club
Hollywood Athletic Club
Los Angeles Athletic Club
Bowen Stassforth
1952 Summer Olympics
1951 Pan American Games
Sharon Geary
Oregon Sports Hall of Fame

categories: Olympic divers of the United States,1896 births,Sportspeople from Salem, Oregon,American female divers,Divers at the 1920 Summer Olympics,Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in diving,1988 deaths

paragraph: Thelma Payne

paragraph: Thelma R. Payne (later "Sanborn", July 18, 1896 – September 7, 1988) was an American diver won the bronze medal in the 3 meter springboard at the 1920 Summer Olympics. She also won the springboard at the AAU Championships in 1918–1920. Payne was AAU national champion in diving in 1918, 1919 and 1920.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Thelma Payne was born in Salem, Oregon on July 18, 1896. Her mother, Bertha Payne, was listed as a widow by the 1910 United States Census. She lived in Portland, Oregon with her three daughters and was employed as a real estate stenographer. Bertha Payne was a member of a women's basketball club that played in Oregon and California. In 1908, the city council of Coos Bay, Oregon passed an ordinance that established a bounty on rat carcasses. The first person to claim a bounty from the town marshal was a young Thelma Payne. She was listed working as a switchboard operator in 1911 at the age of 15. In 1912, Payne was indicted on charges of theft. According to a complaint by Mrs. L Naylor, Payne—along with the three other people—absconded with her silverware. She initially entered a plea of not guilty, but eventually paid a $15 fine. A year later, Payne was listed in the Portland directory as a stenographer for attorney W. B. Gleason.

paragraph: Payne first joined the swimming and diving team at the Multnomah Athletic Club in 1915. In 1916, "The Oregonian" wrote that Payne was "one of the Multnomah Athletic Club's best swimmers and divers". Around that time, Payne broke her nose and jaw while diving at the Multnomah Athletic Club. She lost half of her upper teeth and required 16 stitches under her chin. During an interview with the Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles in 1988, Payne said of the incident, "Well, it didn't hurt; I guess that nothing hurts me. I don't know what I'm made of. [...] But I didn't have my hands out. They didn't tell me to put my hands out, so I came down with my hands at my sides, lifted my head to come up, and hit the bottom of the swimming pool." After a short recuperation, Payne returned to the diving board.

paragraph: During the 1917 Rose Festival in Portland, Payne competed in several aquatic events including surfing—which she won. The competition required the surfer to keep form on the board while being towed behind a boat, which is similar to modern wakeboarding. Upon her return from the 1920 Olympics, Payne told "The Oregonian" that the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) had done little to help her on her way to Antwerp. According to Payne, the USOC did not arrange her living quarters during Olympic qualifying matches in New York. She eventually met-up with a former member of the Multnomah Athletic Club who was living in New York and stayed in their home during the qualifying period. Payne also claimed that the five pre-arranged judges for the qualifying matches failed to appear, so the USOC used substitute judges. Payne accused the replacement judges of unfairly favoring the New York diver. When they got to Antwerp, she said the USOC mismanagement continued. She was quoted in "The Oregonian" as saying, "The Olympic games officials and their families were given first-class cabins and the best food. The second and third-class cabins were allotted to the girl members of the American team while the men athletes were quartered in the hold of the army transport, USS "Princess Matoika"".

paragraph: Payne had to take a leave of absence from her work as the chief telephone switchboard operator for the City of Portland to compete in the 1920 Olympics. The city council passed a resolution that paid her for the two and a half months she missed for competition, which totaled to $250. According to a 1922 profile of Payne by "The Oregonian", she was not a naturally skilled diver and required significant training to reach the Olympic level. She was introduced to swimming at the YWCA by instructor Millie Schloth and later witnessed a diving performance by Constance Meyer, which sparked her interest in the sport. She trained to dive at the Multnomah Athletic Club under instructor Jack Cody. Following the 1920 Olympics, Payne became the swimming and diving instructor at the Portland YWCA. Her work at the YWCA involved training girls under six for various aquatic sports including synchronized swimming and diving. In 1922, Payne was hired by the Windemuth Bath House on Ross Island to instruct their swimming and diving courses. Payne used Jantzen Swimwear and was mentioned by name in company advertisements following her Olympic bronze medal victory.

paragraph: In 1926, Payne moved from Oregon to California, where she worked as a swimming instructor at the Breakers Beach Club in Santa Monica, the Jonathan Club, the

paragraph: Hollywood Athletic Club, and the Los Angeles Athletic Club. Payne trained swimmer Bowen Stassforth,who won a silver medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics, to overcome his fear of water. She also trained 1951 Pan American Games multi-gold medalist Sharon Geary, who went to the 1952 Summer Olympics as an alternate competitor for the United States. In 1983 she was inducted into the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame.

description: diver

wikidata_label: Thelma Payne

wikipedia_title: Thelma Payne


text:
Natal
North Sumatra
Minangkabau
Poedjangga Baroe
western civilization
Layar Terkembang
Jakarta
Balai Pustaka
Amir Hamzah
Armijn Pane
Poedjangga Baroe
Japanese occupation

categories: Indonesian male poets,20th-century Indonesian poets,1908 births,Alisjahbana family,Minangkabau people,1994 deaths,Indonesian writers

paragraph: Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana

paragraph: Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana (February 11, 1908 – July 17, 1994), was born in Natal, North Sumatra. His family came from Minangkabau who migrated there in the 19th century. He was a founder and editor of "Poedjangga Baroe". He became one of Indonesian literature's guiding lights in its formative years, particularly in the time around independence. Sutan Takdir believed that Indonesia could learn from the values of western civilization and remained a great exponent of modernism throughout his life. A renaissance man himself – the author of numerous books on a range of subjects – he was working on a novel at the time of his death in 1994. The famous novel, "Layar Terkembang", showed him as a progressive author. He died in Jakarta on July 17, 1994.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Alisjahbana was born on 11 February 1908.

paragraph: His first novel, "Tak Putus Dirundung Malang" (Misfortune without End) was published by Balai Pustaka in 1929.

paragraph: STA

paragraph: Together with Amir Hamzah and Armijn Pane, they founded and edited a journal that contained the best work of prewar writers, called "Poedjangga Baroe" (The New Writer), and the journal was first published in 1933. In 1953, he edited "Konfrontasi" (Confrontation) as a substitute for "Poedjangga Baroe".

paragraph: Under Japanese occupation, in 1943 he became a secretary of the Komisi Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian Language Commission). From 1946 to 1948, he was a professor of the Indonesian language at National University, Jakarta.

description: Indonesian novelist and poet

wikidata_label: Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana

wikipedia_title: Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana


text: Paris

text: France

text: François Rabelais University

text: Annunciation's

text: Florentine churches

text: Italy

text: old masters

text: ‘vedutisti’

text: Canaletto

text: Guardi

text: Delarge

text: Corot

text: Rome

text: Venice

text: Pas-de-Calais

text: Musée national de la Marine

text: Place de la Concorde

text: New York City

text: EB-1 visa

text: United States

text: Civic Museum of Crema

text: Crema

text: Saint-Fargeau-Ponthierry

text: Melun

text: Vaux-le-Vicomte

text: Civic Museum of Crema

text: Crema

text: Patrick Pietropoli Official website

text: The Cynthia Corbett Gallery

text: Galerie Felli

text: Axelle Fine Arts Galerie

text: Hugo Fine Arts Galerie

text: Galerie Saint-Dizier

text: Crema online for Feb 2017 exhibition

text: Crema Feb 2017 inauguration

categories: Artists from Paris,Modern sculptors,21st-century French painters,French male painters,Modern painters,1953 births,20th-century French sculptors,Living people,20th-century French painters

paragraph: Patrick Pietropoli

paragraph: Patrick Pietropoli is a self-taught French painter and sculptor who has been recognized as an established artist in France since the mid 1980s. He is most notable for his extremely detailed, large-scale cityscapes paintings; however, he is also well known for his work on mid-relief sculpture.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Patrick Pietropoli was born 31 January 1953 in Paris, France. He developed his passion for painting from an early age. In his childhood Patrick spent many days at his grandparents’ house drawing for hours at a time and visiting local galleries in Paris with his grandfather.

paragraph: In 1975 he passed CAPES French national exam in History to become a history professor.

paragraph: In 1978 Pietropoli received master's degree in Ancient History from François Rabelais University in Paris and taught history in France until 1986.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Patrick Pietropoli began exhibiting in France in 1983 and by 1986 due to the rapid success he was able to quit teaching and focus entirely on art. Pietropoli’s early works were influenced by ‘pittura colta’ movement. His first solo exhibition in 1983 at Gallery Verododa in Paris featured paintings based on sketches of the Annunciation's depiction in Florentine churches of Italy. By the end of 1900s Patrick Pietropoli became inspired by the Venetian old masters of 18th century. With his meticulous attention to detail, Pietropoli was said to join ‘vedutisti’ in his quest to depict timeless urban landscapes. In his own words he ‘refused the picturesque nature of street scenes, choosing to portray urban landscapes akin to the teeming, gaily colored world of the paintings of Canaletto or Guardi’

paragraph: Jean-Pierre Delarge commented how Pietropoli's "taste for antiquity asserts large paintings" and he "finds the pallet and the Corot format for views of Rome or Venice, empty of any living being, which increases the desired distance from the ocher color blur, this time under a golden sky".

paragraph: In 1986-89 Patrick Pietropoli created a monumental sculpture, commissioned by the Mutuality of Pas-de-Calais, Paris, France. During 1998-2001 he exhibited small scale mid-relief sculpture at Art Paris and SAGA art fair in Paris, France. In 2000 Musée national de la Marine, Place de la Concorde in Paris acquired two of his paintings for permanent collection.

paragraph: Since 2001 Patrick Pietropoli has been exhibiting throughout United States in solo and group shows as well as international art fairs, including Art Miami New York, Art Southampton, Art Hamptons, Art Wynwood, Palm Beach Art Fair, Art Chicago. At the same time he also continued to exhibit in his native France and across Europe being represented by Galerie Felli, Galerie Claudine Legrand, The Cynthia Corbett Gallery, Galerie CGB.

paragraph: In 2008 he moved to New York City and was granted an EB-1 visa to the United States in 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Museum Installations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Feb 2017, Civic Museum of Crema, Crema, Italy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oct 2016 - Jan 2017, Espace St Jean exhibiting hall, Museum of Melun, France.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oct 2013, "Salle Friese" exhibiting hall, Print Museum, Saint-Fargeau-Ponthierry, France.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oct 2010 - Jan 2011, Espace St Jean exhibiting hall, Museum of Melun, France. The Museum located at the de Vaux-le-Vicomte acquired one painting for permanent collection

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sept - Oct 2006, Civic Museum of Crema, Crema, Italy.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patrick Pietropoli Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dictionnaire des arts plastiques modernes et contemporains

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Cynthia Corbett Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galerie Felli

paragraph: BULLET::::- Axelle Fine Arts Galerie

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugo Fine Arts Galerie

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galerie Saint-Dizier

paragraph: BULLET::::- live interview at l'Espace Saint Jean, museum of Melun, France during 2010 solo exhibition

paragraph: BULLET::::- live interview at Galerie Felli, Paris, France during 2014 solo exhibition

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crema online for Feb 2017 exhibition

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crema Feb 2017 inauguration

wikidata_label: Patrick Pietropoli

wikipedia_title: Patrick Pietropoli


text: Quasimodo's Gift

text: "Aliens"

text: Shiyan, Hubei province, China

text: Wuhan

text: the Wuhan Conservatory of Music

text: Super Boy

text: "Lyricless Song"

text: "The Kill"

text: Laure Shang

text: "The Star"

text: EE-Media

text: Divas Hit the Road

text: LeSports Center

text: Pomellato

text: Quasimodo's Gift

text: ERC Chinese Top Ten Awards

text: Top Chinese Music Awards

text: Chinese Music Radio Awards

text: Langlang

text: "You Are My Sunshine" (何以笙箫默)

text: Forbes China Celebrity

text: Aliens

text: ERC Chinese Top Ten Awards

text: Top Chinese Music Awards

text: Langlang

text: Xie Na

text: Who Sleeps My Bro

text: Aliens

text: Line Walker (film)

text: The Warriors Gate

text: Khalil Fong

text: LeEco

text: Karen Mok

text: Fei Yu-Ching

text: Yang Kun

text: Pentatonic Scale

text: Lin Chi-Ling

text: Zhang Xinyi

text: Aarif Rahman

text: Jason Zhang

text: Singer 2018

text: Jessie J

text: Wang Feng

text: Tengger

text: Angela Chang

text: KZ Tandingan

text: G.E.M 邓紫棋

text: Karen Mok

text: Chris Lee(李宇春)

text: Wu Tsing Fong (吳青峰)

text: Yang Mi (杨幂)

text: Top Chinese Music Chart Break-Through New Artist Award

text: Weibo

text: ERC Chinese Top Ten Awards

text: Weibo

text: ERC Chinese Top Ten Awards

text: Top Chinese Music Awards

text: Chinese Music Radio Awards

text: Weibo

text: ERC Chinese Top Ten Awards

text: KU Music Asian Music Awards

text: Top Chinese Music Awards

text: LeEco

text: Mnet Asian Music Awards

text: ERC Chinese Top Ten Awards

text: Tencent Video

text: iQiyi

text: Official Weibo (Chinese)

categories: Living people,Chinese Mandopop singers,1990 births,Chinese singer-songwriters,Super Boy contestants,Mnet Asian Music Award winners,21st-century Chinese singers,Chinese male singers

paragraph: Hua Chenyu

paragraph: Hua Chenyu (; born February 7, 1990), also known as HuaHua (Chinese: 花花), is a Chinese singer and songwriter. He began to be famous after winning the 2013 Super Boy singing contest which was produced by Hunan TV, China. Hua is well known for his powerful vocals, dramatic stage performances and talents in composing. He is often recognized as one of the most influential singer-songwriters under 30 in China.

paragraph: Hua released his debut album "Quasimodo's Gift" in September 2014, whose sales volume had ranked Top 1 in the Jingdong Top 100 Annual Sales Chart (Music). His second physical album "Aliens" was released in December 2015. His first personal branded concert, "Mars" Concert, was held in Beijing on 6 September 2014 even before his debut album was released. Over 10,000 tickets were sold out within two minutes, breaking several records and making him the first Mainland Chinese singer of his generation to hold concerts in a large arena. An additional concert on 7 September was then announced and sold out due to high demand. Since then, Hua has brought his "Mars" Concerts to other cities in China every year. On 7 March 2017, he released his third album "H", which refers to his last name initial.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Hua Chenyu was born into a wealthy family on 7 February 1990 in the city of Shiyan, Hubei province, China. His parents divorced when he was 2 years old and he lived with his father during his childhood, who remarried when he was 10 years old. He began playing the flute at the age of 6 and took piano lessons in the fifth grade when he realized playing the flute was not enough to express his music vision. He wrote his first song at the age of twelve after mastering piano.

paragraph: After finishing middle school, he moved to Wuhan alone to attend the Fine Arts High School there. In 2010, he passed the college entrance examination and entered the Wuhan Conservatory of Music, where he studied pop music vocal performance and gained more stage experience as the vocalist of a college rock band, Conseer. During his time in the conservatory, he made definitive steps in order to start his musical career and began to be known at school.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:"Super Boy".

paragraph: In 2013, shortly before graduating from conservatory, Hua entered the casting for the "Super Boy" contest. During this show produced by Hunan TV, the young singer started his rise among the contestants. On his first appearance to the audience, he sang his original "Lyricless Song" that gave him the label of being like a "Martian" for his unique expression in the lyricless song. Two of the three judges considered him to be odd or crazy, but after the third judge Laurie Shang asked him a few questions and sang a lyricless duet with him on the spot, she exclaimed that "he is a genius!" because "he knew intuitively how to express emotions through music". Due to the recommendation of Laurie Shang and his other performance of "The Kill", he made it past the first round of audition. He later sang together with Laure Shang the song "The Star" in the final round on 27 September 2013, and Chenyu Hua eventually won the championship of 2013 "Super Boy".

paragraph: After the competition, Hua was signed to EE-Media, the Mainland Chinese record label where the most of the Super Boy and Super Girl contestants are linked. His debut single "Me and Myself" was released in September 2013. Hua also took part in the Super Boy Tour with other contestants, in which they toured 11 major Chinese cities.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.:2013–2014 First Mars Concert and debut album "Quasimodo's Gift".

paragraph: Chenyu Hua went to Italy and Spain to film for the TVN reality show "Divas Hit the Road" in April 2014 and the show was broadcast starting from 25 April. The first episode had got the highest audience measurement within the same time period. This show, with its high popularity, attracted many attention on Hua among general audience. In June, he was invited by the popular Korean eyewear brand ALO as the first Chinese brand ambassador and went to Korea for the advertising photos shooting.

paragraph: In less than a year since Hua's debut, he announced his first brand-named concert, Mars Concert in May 2014. On 28 June 2014, over 10,000 concert tickets for the first show on 6 September were sold out within 1 minute 32 seconds. Due to the heated response, the organizers announced to hold an extra show on 7 September. The press conference of the Mars Concert 2014 was held in Huiyuan Space of the Beijing Mastercard Center. This made him the first in the Chinese music industry to hold press conference in venue with thousand people's capacity. Hua's first solo concerts were held on 6 and 7 September 2014 at Beijing Mastercard Center (originally Beijing Wukesong Culture & Sports Center and currently LeSports Center). The 6 September concert was unprecedentedly broadcast live through QQ Music and Hunantv, attracting more than 400,000 users watching the show online together. Over 120,000 E-tickets were sold.

paragraph: On the same day of his concert (6 September), the international jewelry brand, Pomellato, announced Chenyu Hua as the brand ambassador for the Dodo and Pomellato 67 series.

paragraph: Not long after his concert, Hua released his first solo full-length album, "Quasimodo's Gift" in 19 September 2014 both in Mainland China and overseas. This atypical album has a variety of musical style, ranging from rock, indie and folk. "Quasimodo's" Gift does not feature songs with the theme of love and relationship like other mainstream pop songs do, but it uses a first-person perspective to describe the world as seen from the eyes of Hua. The sense of loneliness and yet not sorrow fills up the whole album. According to Hua, the major theme of this album is to be "small": "At first I wanted to name it "Size 40." 40 is my shoe size. I mean everyone doesn't need a vast space to live, as one only have a pair of feet of size 40, and just standing here is enough... Because as long as you are standing here, you exist, and have a value of existence." - Hua Chenyu. Later on November 11, the short film "Quasimodo's Gift" was released, with Hua being the main character. Two of his songs in this album, Quasimodo's Gift and Ashes from the Fireworks, was included in the film, merging the music into the story. The music videos of this two songs were also cuts from this short film. The overseas version of this album ranked number one on the Taiwan Five Music Chart for several weeks. This album received several awards, including ERC Chinese Top Ten Awards for Best Album, Top Chinese Music Awards for 2014 Most Popular Album, Best Album Performance, and Best Album Production, Chinese Music Radio Awards for Best Composition, and Golden Song for "Let You Go" in this album.

paragraph: In November, he was invited to the online variety show of Tencent, namely "Say Hi! The Hit of China" (Hi歌). In the programme, he chose to rearrange the song "Spring" and won the "Annual Hit Song of China" (年度Hi歌). On Christmas Eve, he performed the rearranged piano version "Shimmer" and "Quasimodo's Gift" in pianist Langlang's Beijing concert.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.:2015 Second Album "Aliens" and Mars Concert.

paragraph: On 1 January 2015, Chenyu Hua for the first time joined and performed in the Liaoning TV New Year Gala.

paragraph: On 10 January, "Shimmer" was announced to be the interlude song of the Chinese TV drama "You Are My Sunshine" (何以笙箫默).

paragraph: On 8 February (Los Angeles Time), Chenyu Hua was invited by Billboard as VIP spectator to the 57th Annual Grammy Awards. On 17 February, Chenyu Hua performed in the Liaoning TV Chinese New Year Gala.

paragraph: On 27 April, Hua released his vocal experimental song "Cancer".

paragraph: On the Forbes China Celebrity 100 announced on May 11, Chenyu Hua was found on the chart for the first time with the integrated ranking of 91.

paragraph: In early May, Hua's Mars Concert was announced to hold on 1 August in Shanghai. Almost 10,000 tickets were sold out within 35 seconds while over 160,000 people were online. This once again broke the online ticketing record in the Mainland. Due to the heated response, his company announced two extra shows at the same venue, on 31 July and 2 August respectively. It made him the first Mainland singer to hold concert for three consecutive nights in the same venue. His concert on 1 August was broadcast online through Tencent and HunanTV (芒果TV). The Tencent online audience reached 2.64 million. This also renewed the record for online concert real-time broadcast.

paragraph: On 27 September, Hua attended CCTV Mid Autumn Festival Gala and performed "Shimmer".

paragraph: On 28 October, his second album "Aliens" started pre-ordering on Jingdong. The limited 30,000 pieces almost sold out within a day. On 7 November, his first digital album as well started pre-ordering. Within 8 minutes, over 100,000 pieces were sold. It has attained sale volume of 350,000 on the first day of sale. On 18 December, "Aliens" was put on sale on overseas music platforms like iTunes while the overseas version of "Aliens" was also officially started selling on 22 December. The promotional video of "Aliens" was aired on the LED screen at New York Time Square for a week starting from 23 December. Hua composed 7 of the 11 songs, and for this album, he wanted to present himself as "big", "domineering", in contrast to his first album, This was also the first time he included rap songs in his album. This Album also won many awards, including ERC Chinese Top Ten Awards for Best Concept Album, Best Vocal Collaboration for "Kings and Paupers", Top Chinese Music Awards for Best Album Performance, 2016 Ali Music Annual Awards for Best Pop Album, Most Popular Album, and Most Popular song for "Mayfly."

paragraph: On 13 November, the first-ever Chinese production music study tour reality show which Chenyu Hua has joined, "Be the Idol" (唱游天下) by Jiangsu TV, was on air.

paragraph: On New Year's Eve, Chenyu Hua for three consecutive years appeared in the Hunan TV New Year Countdown Concert.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.:2016 Tour Concerts, "The Next".

paragraph: On January 8, Hua performed in "Langlang's Sky – Langlang and His Friends Spring Music Festival". The show was broadcast through Liaoning TV on February 1.

paragraph: On February 8, he performed "For My Future Child" on Beijing TV Chinese New Year Gala.

paragraph: On March 4, Chenyu Hua appeared as a guest on the variety show "The Negotiator" (王牌对王牌) on ZhejiangTV. His rearrangement of the song "Boluo Boluo Mi" originally by Xie Na (菠萝菠萝蜜) gained widespread concern and positive comments.

paragraph: On March 7, the interlude song "The Rampage" for the movie "Who Sleeps My Bro" was released.

paragraph: On 7 April, he released the song "Mars Intelligence Agency" which is the theme song for the online talk show with the same title.

paragraph: On April 9, he participated in the 16th Annual Festival of Top Chinese Music as ambassador and received two awards: Annual Best Album Performance for his album "Aliens" and Annual Best Idol.

paragraph: On July 8, Chenyu Hua's newly released song, "Here We Are", was announced to be the theme song for movie Line Walker (film) (). Another self-composed song, "To Be Free", was released on August 3 and it is the promotional song for movie The Warriors Gate. On 16 August, Chenyu Hua released his second English song For Forever. This song was specially created for the Mars Concert.

paragraph: This year Hua chose to hold tour concerts in three cities: Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen. Beijing Concert was held on July 2 in The Cadillac Arena (originally Beijing Wukesong Culture & Sports Center). Shanghai Concerts were held on August 21 in Mercedes-Benz Arena. The finale of 2016 Mars Concert took place in Shenzhen Bay Sports Centre, with Khalil Fong as the special guest. The live online broadcast of the Shanghai and Shenzhen concerts, supported by LeEco, accumulated over 4.3 million viewers.

paragraph: From October 2016 to January 2017, Hua participated as a celebrity mentor and judge in the first season of ("The Next") alongside Karen Mok, Fei Yu-Ching and Yang Kun. In this programme, aspiring singers have the opportunity to challenge a celebrity mentor. The celebrity mentor will then be assigned a song by the challenger and will only have 24 hours to prepare for the performance. Hua gained widespread recognition for his talent in rearrangement and performance, especially after his own arrangement of 我的滑板鞋 ("My Skateboard Shoes"), entitled 我的滑板鞋 2016, which later was put into his album "H". Other performances where he won a majority of audience votes include 流浪记 ("Wandering"), 故乡的云 ("Clouds of Hometown"), Dear Friend, 齐天大圣 ("Great Sage Equal to Heaven", translation may vary) and 易燃易爆炸 ("Flammable and Explosive"). Hua and contestant performed 南屏晚钟 ("Naping Evening Bells") in the semi-finals and 如果爱 ("Perhaps Love") in the finals.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.:2017 Studying Abroad, TV Shows, Mars Concert.

paragraph: Right after filming "The Next", Hua went to study in Berklee College of Music until end of March. He learned singing and rapping skills, but finding that many of the techniques suited English songs more than Chinese ones. The most useful thing he learned was how Pentatonic Scale was used in Western music (as it was also widely used in traditional Chinese music), and he would incorporate it in his own songs (e.g.his later rearrangement of "Drinking Alone").

paragraph: On June 3, Hua joined reality travel show Flowers on Trip (旅途的花样) along with Lin Chi-Ling, Zhang Xinyi, Aarif Rahman and others. They traveled to Morocco, Russia, Norway, and Denmark. Following the "One Belt, One Road" approach, the stars have brought the audience to experience the real exotic culture, and also brought Chinese culture to every journey.

paragraph: Chenyu Hua was a judge on Tencent's new singing competition show The Coming One (明日之子), where his support for contestant Hez, a humanoid persona created using augmented reality and singing voice synthesizer technologies, sparked controversy on Chinese social media. The first episode of the show started live-streaming on June 10.

paragraph: On July 13, Hua was announced brand ambassador of Estee Lauder China. On September 27, mobile MMO game "Kings of Glory (王者荣耀)" released theme song for game character Luban by Hua Chenyu.

paragraph: 2017 Mars Concert was held on October 13 and 14 in Beijing Cadillac Arena. This time, only one of the concert dates was broadcast live online and it alone gathered more than 4 million live viewers.

paragraph: From October 2017 to January 2018, Hua continued his role as a celebrity mentor and judge in the second season of "The Next" alongside Karen Mok, Fei Yu-Ching, Yang Kun and Jason Zhang.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.:2018 The Singer, "Bird Nest" Mars Concert.

paragraph: In February 2018, Hua joined Singer 2018 (歌手2018) after turning the show down for three years, alongside Jessie J, Wang Feng, Tengger, Angela Chang, James Li, Juno Su, KZ Tandingan and more. His rearrangements have earned him rising popularity in China. During the show, he won the first place in four episodes, and his average percentage of votes ranked 2nd among all the previous contestants in the 6 seasons of "Singer" (and "I Am a Singer" before it re-branded). In the finale episode, Hua's performance of "Light Years Away"《光年之外》with G.E.M 邓紫棋 which brought him to Top Four together with Jessie J, Wang Feng and Tengger. His final performance of Angela Chang's song, "Shout"《呐喊》, earned him second place, after Jessie J. Chenyu Hua's performance of his self-written song “Heaven’s Equal (齐天)” won Most Popular Song of the show.

paragraph: That year, Hua composed for Karen Mok, the track "Halftime (we met here)" which is the title song of Karen's 16th album.

paragraph: In May–September 2018, Chenyu Hua participated on Tencent's singing competition show "The Coming One 2" (明日之子 2) along with Chris Lee(李宇春), Wu Tsing Fong (吳青峰) and Yang Mi (杨幂) as the mentor for vocal track(魔音赛道).

paragraph: On September 8, 2018, and September 9, 2018 Chenyu Hua had his 2018 Mars Concert in Beijing National Stadium ("Bird Nest") on his five years anniversary of debut. The tickets were once again sold out within one minutes. This made him the first post-90s in mainland china to hold a concert in the National stadium ("Bird Nest") with 90,000 audiences.

paragraph: On December 12, Hua won Musician of the Year at Harper’s BAZAAR 2018 Men of the Year awards and Most Searched Across Asia at 2018 Yahoo Asia Buzz Awards.

paragraph: On January 1, 2019, "Hua Chenyu Studio Official" posted its first weibo, signified the first appearance of Hua's own studio. The studio is still under EE-Media, but operates independently.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6th Top Chinese Music Chart Break-Through New Artist Award – "Most Popular Male Singer" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 Weibo Awards Ceremony – "Stars of the Year"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 21st ERC Chinese Top Ten Awards – "Best New Singer" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 15th – "Most Notable Male Singer"(2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 Weibo Awards Ceremony – "Spotlight of the Year"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 22nd ERC Chinese Top Ten Awards – "Best Album Performance", "Most Popular Album", "Best Album Production", "People's Choice – Male Singer" (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 15th Top Chinese Music Awards – "Most Popular Male Singer (Mainland)", "Best Album (Mainland) – Quasimodo's Gift" (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chinese Music Radio Awards – "Most Popular New Artist", "Golden Songs – Let You Go", "Best Composer – Quasimodo's Gift" (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 Weibo Awards Ceremony – "Most Popular Male Musician", "Freshasia Music 2015 Most Wins"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 Ali Music Annual Awards – "Most Popular Artist of the Year, "Most Popular Album of the Year – Aliens", "Most Popular Song of the Year – Mayfly", "Pop Album of the Year (Mandarin) – Aliens"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 23nd ERC Chinese Top Ten Awards – "Best Concept Album", "Best Vocal Collaboration – Kings and Paupers", "Media Recommendation", "People's Choice – Male Singer" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 KU Music Asian Music Awards – "Album of the Year", "Most Influential Singer of the Year"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 16th Top Chinese Music Awards – "Best Album – Aliens" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 LeEco Night Awards – "Most Popular Singer"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 Freshasia Music Awards – "Best Male Singer"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 18th Mnet Asian Music Awards (MAMA) – "Best Asian Artist – China" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 Netease Attitude Awards – "Musician with Attitude"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 24th ERC Chinese Top Ten Awards – "Best Adapted Song – My Skateboard Shoes 2016"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 Tencent Video Cstar Awards – "VIP's Choice – Best Singer"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 iQiyi All-Star Carnival – "Best Male Singer"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 Harper’s BAZAAR 2018 Men of the Year awards - Musician of the Year

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 Yahoo Asia Buzz Awards - Most Searched Across Asia

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Weibo (Chinese)

description: Chinese singer

wikidata_label: Hua Chenyu

wikipedia_title: Hua Chenyu


text:
Valencia CF
central midfielder
El Cabanyal
Valencia
Valencia CF
Liverpool
the reserves
substitute
CD Olímpic de Xàtiva
Segunda División B
the campaign
Nuno Espírito Santo
André Gomes
Copa del Rey
Barakaldo CF
La Liga
Villarreal CF
Segunda División
CD Numancia
season
Sporting de Gijón
sent off

categories: Footballers from Valencia (city),CD Numancia players,1998 births,Segunda División B players,La Liga players,Valencia CF players,Spain youth international footballers,Valencia CF Mestalla footballers,Association football midfielders,Living people

paragraph: Fran Villalba

paragraph: Francisco 'Fran' José Villalba Rodrigo (born 11 May 1998) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Valencia CF as a central midfielder.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Born in the neighbourhood of El Cabanyal, Valencia, Villalba was a Valencia CF youth graduate. On 1 August 2014, after being linked to Liverpool, he signed a new four-year deal with "Los Che".

paragraph: On 1 February 2015, aged only 16, Villalba made his senior debut with the reserves, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 1–2 away loss against CD Olímpic de Xàtiva for the Segunda División B championship. He appeared in two further matches during the campaign, all of them from the bench.

paragraph: On 26 June 2015 Villalba was called up to the main squad by manager Nuno Espírito Santo for the pre-season. He made his professional debut on 16 December, as a half-time substitute for André Gomes in a 2–0 Copa del Rey home win against Barakaldo CF.

paragraph: Villalba made his La Liga debut on 31 December 2015, coming on in the 84th minute in a 0–1 away loss against Villarreal CF. On 12 July 2018 he joined Segunda División side CD Numancia on a season-long loan.

paragraph: Villalba scored his first professional goal on 16 September 2018, netting the equalizer in a 1–1 away draw against Sporting de Gijón; he was also sent off later in the match.

description: Spanish association football player

wikidata_label: Fran Villalba

wikipedia_title: Fran Villalba


text: American

text: Waterville, New York

text: Iowa City

text: American Frontier

text: hearing loss

text: James Renwick Brevoort

text: Émile Louis Vernier

text: Barbizon

text: Jean-Baptiste Corot

text: Charles-Francois Daubigny

text: tonalist

text: the Adirondacks

text: New Jersey

text: Saint Augustine, Florida

text: impasto

text: National Academy of Design

text: Paris Salons

text: exhibited

text: Palace of Fine Arts

text: World's Columbian Exposition

text: Society of American Artists

text: New York Watercolor Club

text: Yonkers, New York

text: Metropolitan Museum of Art

text: Arnot Art Museum

text: Helen Watson Phelps

text: National Academy of Design

text: Arnot Art Museum

text: Farm Path

categories: 20th-century American painters,American women painters,People from Yonkers, New York,American landscape painters,19th-century American women artists,Artists from New York City,People from Waterville, New York,1833 births,Painters from New York (state),20th-century American women artists,19th-century American painters,1924 deaths

paragraph: Charlotte B. Coman

paragraph: Charlotte Buell Coman (1833 – November 11, 1924) was an American painter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Coman was born in Waterville, New York in 1833. She married and moved with her husband to Iowa City, then on the American Frontier, only to return to Waterville after his death a few years later. She began to suffer from hearing loss, and was almost completely deaf by the time she turned 40.

paragraph: Coman did not take up painting until she was in her mid 40s. She studied in New York with James Renwick Brevoort and in Paris with Harry Thompson and Émile Louis Vernier. With Vernier she studied plein-air and watercolor painting, and sketched on trips to rural parts of France and Holland. She was influenced by the French Barbizon painters, especially Jean-Baptiste Corot and Charles-Francois Daubigny, and her popular works were compared to those of Corot. Her artwork betrays a Barbizon-influenced preoccupation with the way that natural light is affected by time of day and weather conditions.

paragraph: After ten years spent abroad, Coman returned to New York and focused on painting American landscapes in the tonalist style. Her paintings were based on sketches made on trips to the Adirondacks, New Jersey, and Saint Augustine, Florida. She painted quiet, atmospheric landscapes with high horizon lines, often dominated by one muted color and using a heavy impasto. Her canvases are signed "C.B. Coman"; like many women artists of her era, she used her initials to conceal her gender.

paragraph: Coman showed two paintings at the National Academy of Design in 1875, and she showed her work often in New York and at the Paris Salons. She exhibited her work at the Palace of Fine Arts at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois.

paragraph: In 1905 Coman received the Shaw Memorial Prize given by the Society of American Artists. She was elected an associate of the National Academy of Design in 1910. Coman was also a member of the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors, the New York Watercolor Club, and the Art Workers' Club.

paragraph: Coman continued sketching and painting until she was in her eighties. She died in Yonkers, New York in 1924.

paragraph: Her work is in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Arnot Art Museum. A portrait of her by Helen Watson Phelps is in the collection of the National Academy of Design.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Barnyard", oil on canvas, Arnot Art Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Farm Path", oil on canvas, in private collection

alias:
Charlotte Buell Coman
Charlotte Buell
Charlotte Coman
Mrs. J. B. Coman
Mrs. C. B. Coman

description: American painter (1833-1924)

wikidata_label: Charlotte B. Coman

wikipedia_title: Charlotte B. Coman


text:
2005–06 Volvo Ocean Race
ABN AMRO I
2008–09 Volvo Ocean Race
Ericsson 4
2011–12 Volvo Ocean Race
Groupama 4
Juan Yacht Design

categories: Argentine engineers,French yacht designers,Argentine yacht designers,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Juan Kouyoumdjian

paragraph: Juan Kouyoumdjian is a French-Argentinian naval architect specialized in ocean racing yachts. He designed all the winning yachts of the Volvo Ocean Race whilst it was governed by the Open 70 rule between 2003 and 2012. He first advocated the very shallow, very wide stern design with twin short rudders and twin daggerboards amidships that brought success to the ABN AMRO racing team in the 2005-2006 edition race. He repeated his success in the 2008-2009 and 2011-2012 editions of the race. His firm has three Volvo Ocean Races wins, two Olympic gold medals, nine offshore speed records, seven World Championship titles and six America’s Cup involvements.

paragraph: He is responsible for numerous iconic offshore race boats. Among the four most famous are Rambler 88, Speedboat 100, ABN Amro and Groupama 4. He has designed Olympic class Finn boats and a production boat, a Bénéteau First 30. Juan K also created the ClubSwan 50 and the brand new ClubSwan 36, now in production and selling fast in Europe. All together there are 25 Juan K designs.

paragraph: Section::::Prizelist.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005–06 Volvo Ocean Race - designer of the winning yacht "ABN AMRO I"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008–09 Volvo Ocean Race - designer of the winning yacht "Ericsson 4"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011–12 Volvo Ocean Race - designer of the winning yacht "Groupama 4"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ericsson Trophy (2012)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Juan Yacht Design - primary website

description: Argentine yacht designer

wikidata_label: Juan Kouyoumdjian

wikipedia_title: Juan Kouyoumdjian


text:
Manx
Brittany
Normandy
Peel
Bishop
Isle of Man
Ireland
Saint Patrick
Illtud
Wales
Isle of Man

categories: Breton saints,5th-century Christian saints,Manx saints

paragraph: Germanus of Man

paragraph: Saint Germanus of Man (Manx: "Carmane"; 410 AD, Brittany – c. 474, Normandy), also known as Saint Germanus of Peel, was the first Bishop of the Isle of Man.

paragraph: Born in Brittany in the early fifth century, he traveled to Ireland to study with Saint Patrick, who may have been his uncle. Germanus later spent some time in St. Illtud's abbey in southern Wales before returning to Ireland to be ordained by Patrick, and sent to the Isle of Man as bishop. He is thought to have died in Normandy in the late fifth century.

paragraph: In 2012 a bishop's seal was discovered buried in a field in the north of Man, bearing the inscription, ""Let the prayers to God of Germanus and Patricius help us".

paragraph: His main feast is 3 July, although in some places it is celebrated on 31 July.

description: French saint

wikidata_label: Germanus of Man

wikipedia_title: Germanus of Man


text:
New Zealand
World of Wearable Arts
Otago University
Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
India.
voile
Objectspace
Auckland War Memorial Museum

paragraph: Susan Holmes (fabric artist)

paragraph: Susan Holmes (born 1941) is a New Zealand fabric artist. She is known for her 'fantasy-inspired' wearable art pieces and use of stencilling and silk dying. She has won 19 World of Wearable Arts awards.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Holmes was born in Auckland in 1941. In 1961 she studied a home science degree at Otago University and lectured there for two years following her graduation. After this she travelled abroad through Europe and Asia. These experiences influenced her methods of dying and printing, after witnessing block-printing in Afghanistan and silk-dyeing in India.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Susan Homes first sold her printed clothing through the Trina J Boutique in Auckland. Her first prints were onto 'indian style' voile shirts.

paragraph: In 1971, Holmes began to make and sell fabric through Brown's Mill, a craft co-op in Auckland. This market operated on Saturday mornings before this considered acceptable in New Zealand. It was known as a place for independent artists and alternative fashion. The fabric and clothes Homes sold here were all hand-dyed and she experimented with using potatoes to produce the prints. She spent twelve years at the co-op.

paragraph: She first entered her designs into the Benson and Hedges fashion awards in 1974, winning the 'fantasy award' in 1978. This was a significant event in Holmes' career as it marked her transition from wearable fashion into wearable arts. Her first entry to the World of Wearable Arts was in 1988.

paragraph: In the 90s she designed costumes for the television shows "" and "Greenstone w"hile continuing to enter wearable arts competitions.

paragraph: In 2002, Prime Minister Helen Clark wore her design "Crest of a Wave" on the catwalk at the World of Wearable Arts Awards.

paragraph: In 2016, Auckland applied arts and design gallery Objectspace held a retrospective of her work and published a book alongside the exhibition.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and recognition.

paragraph: 1978, 'Fantasy Award' "Benson and Hedges Fashion Award."

paragraph: 1988, Winner in Evening section, "Mohair Awards, New Zealand"

paragraph: 1991, Runner Up for ‘"The Great New Zealand Cloak’ Competition" (for ‘Wild Places Cloak’) Compendium Gallery, Auckland

paragraph: 1993, Winner Silk Section: New Zealand Wearable Art Awards. Runner up to Supreme Award.

paragraph: 1994, Winner Wool Section 1994 New Zealand Wearable Art Awards

paragraph: Highly Commended in Pacific Paradise Section, 1994 New Zealand Wearable Art Awards.

paragraph: 1995, 'Highly Commended' in silk section, Nelson Wearable Arts. (Magic Feather Dress)

paragraph: Finalist in ‘Visual Symphony’ Section, 1995 New Zealand Wearable Art Awards.

paragraph: 1996, 'Supreme Award', Nelson Wearable Arts (Dragon Fish)

paragraph: 1998, Winner 1998 New Zealand Wearable Art Awards, Transformation Section

paragraph: 1999, Highly Commended for Silk Section, 1999 New Zealand Wearable Art Awards

paragraph: 2001, Finalist in 2001 World of WearableArt Illumination Section.

paragraph: 2003, 'Highly Commended' in Kimono section, World of Wearable Arts Awards (Blue Lagoon)

paragraph: 2004, 'Creative New Zealand Artistic Excellence Award' World of Wearable Arts Awards (Miro Personage)

paragraph: 2005, "Highly Commended' in Creative New Zealand Artistic Excellence Award' World of Werable Arts (Cage of Thorns)

paragraph: 2006, WOW CentrePort Shape It Section winner for ‘Fluroessence’

paragraph: 2006, Winner 2006 New Zealand Wearable Art Awards Shape It Section ~ ‘Spots and Stripes’

paragraph: 2008, Winner 2008 New Zealand Wearable Art Awards: Avant Garde Section

paragraph: 2009, Winner 2009 New Zealand Wearable Art Awards: WOW Factor Award

paragraph: 2010, Invited Guest Artist, New Zealand Wearable Art Awards

paragraph: Section::::Awards and recognition.:Exhibitions.

paragraph: 2013, "Off The Wall: WearableArt Up Close", Auckland War Memorial Museum.

paragraph: 2016–2017, "Susan Holmes:Fabric Artist," Objectspace.

wikidata_label: Susan Holmes

wikipedia_title: Susan Holmes (fabric artist)


text:
Swedish
botanist
Gothenburg
Carl Linnaeus
Uppsala University
Lund University
Master of Philosophy
London
Joseph Banks
Daniel Solander
librarian
Royal Society
Linnean Society of London
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Dryandra
Carl Peter Thunberg
portrait of Jonas Dryander
William Daniell

categories: Fellows of the Linnean Society of London,18th-century Swedish scientists,People from Gothenburg,Swedish biologists,Lund University alumni,Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,1748 births,Age of Liberty people,Uppsala University alumni,1810 deaths,Swedish botanists,19th-century Swedish scientists,Pteridologists

paragraph: Jonas Carlsson Dryander

paragraph: Jonas Carlsson Dryander (5 March 1748 – 19 October 1810) was a Swedish botanist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Dryander was born in Gothenburg, Sweden. He was the son of Carl Leonard Dryander and Brita Maria Montin. He was a pupil of Carl Linnaeus at Uppsala University. He entered Lund University in 1778 and received his Master of Philosophy in 1778.

paragraph: He arrived in London on 10 July 1777. He became associated with Sir Joseph Banks and, following the death of Swedish naturalist Daniel Solander in 1782, was the librarian of the Royal Society and Vice-President of the Linnean Society of London.

paragraph: Dryander's publications included "Catalogus bibliothecae historico-naturalis Josephi Banks" (1796-1800).

paragraph: In 1784, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

paragraph: The genus "Dryandra" was named in his honour by his friend and fellow scientist Carl Peter Thunberg (1743–1828).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- portrait of Jonas Dryander by William Daniell

alias:
Jonas Dryander
Dryand.

description: Swedish botanist

wikidata_label: Jonas Carlsson Dryander

wikipedia_title: Jonas Carlsson Dryander