text: Montreal

text: Yes! We Have No Bananas

text: Folies Bergère

text: Ed Gallagher

text: vaudeville

text: Broadway

text: Gallagher and Shean

text: Hollywood

text: Bing Crosby

text: Buster Crabbe

text: ABC

text: Adventures in Paradise

text: CBS

text: legal drama

text: Perry Mason

text: sitcom

text: Pete and Gladys

text: Groucho Marx

text: You Bet Your Life

text: Tony Award

text: Follies

text: Woodland Hills, Los Angeles

text: Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery

text: Glendale, California

text: They Had to See Paris

text: Hot for Paris

text: On the Level

text: Women Everywhere

text: Those Three French Girls

text: Mr. Lemon of Orange

text: The Stolen Jools

text: Women of All Nations

text: Young as You Feel

text: The Girl from Calgary

text: They Just Had to Get Married

text: The Life of Jimmy Dolan

text: Going Hollywood

text: Wonder Bar

text: Three Legionnaires

text: Submarine Base

text: Nabonga

text: Delinquent Daughters

text: Dixie Jamboree

text: The Gangster

text: Wild and Wonderful

text: What a Way to Go!

text: The Art of Love

text: Assignment to Kill

categories: 20th-century American actresses,Vaudeville performers,American people of French-Canadian descent,Canadian film actresses,American film actresses,Actresses from California,1904 births,Actresses from Montreal,Canadian emigrants to the United States,Deaths from cancer in California,1983 deaths

paragraph: Fifi D'Orsay

paragraph: Fifi D'Orsay (April 16, 1904 – December 2, 1983) was a Canadian-born actress.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Fifi d'Orsay was born Marie-Rose Angelina Yvonne Lussier in Montreal. As a young typist filled with the desire to become an actress, she went to New York City. There, she found work in the Greenwich Village Follies after an audition in which she sang the song "Yes! We Have No Bananas' in French. In a burst of creativity, she told the play's director she was from Paris, France, where she had worked in the Folies Bergère. The show's impressed director hired her, billing her as "Mademoiselle Fifi".

paragraph: While working in the show, she became involved with Ed Gallagher, a veteran actor who joined her in putting together a vaudeville act. Gallagher was half of the successful Broadway comedy team of Gallagher and Shean, and coached his protégée in the ways of show business.

paragraph: After touring in vaudeville, she headed west to Hollywood. There, she adopted the surname "D'Orsay" () and began a career in movies, often cast as the naughty French girl from "gay Paris".

paragraph: While never a superstar, she worked hard at her craft, headlining with the likes of Bing Crosby and Buster Crabbe. For years, she kept alternating her appearances in film with continued performances in vaudeville and when age put an end to the glamour roles, she readily took jobs in television, including two appearances each on ABC's "Adventures in Paradise" (including as a Mother Superior in the 1960 episode "Castaways"), the CBS legal drama, "Perry Mason" in the 1961 episode "The Case of the Grumbling Grandfather", and on the CBS sitcom "Pete and Gladys". She was a contestant in the February 23, 1956 television edition of Groucho Marx's "You Bet Your Life". At the age of sixty-seven, she returned to the stage in the Tony Award-winning Broadway musical "Follies".

paragraph: Fifi D'Orsay died from cancer on December 2, 1983 at the age of seventy-nine at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles. She was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.

paragraph: Section::::Partial filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "They Had to See Paris" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hot for Paris" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On the Level" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Women Everywhere" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Those Three French Girls" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mr. Lemon of Orange" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Stolen Jools" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Women of All Nations" (1931) (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Young as You Feel" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Girl from Calgary" (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "They Just Had to Get Married" (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Life of Jimmy Dolan" (1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Going Hollywood" (1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wonder Bar" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Three Legionnaires" (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Submarine Base" (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nabonga" (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Delinquent Daughters" (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dixie Jamboree" (1945)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Gangster" (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wild and Wonderful" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What a Way to Go!" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Art of Love" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Assignment to Kill" (1968)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Other Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood

description: film actress

wikidata_label: Fifi D'Orsay

wikipedia_title: Fifi D'Orsay


text:
Italian
motorcycle racer
Yamaha YZF-R1
FIM Superstock 1000 Cup
Profile on MotoGP.com
Profile on WorldSBK.com

categories: Moto2 World Championship riders,Italian motorcycle racers,Supersport World Championship riders,FIM Superstock 1000 Cup riders,People from Macerata,1991 births,Living people

paragraph: Alessandro Andreozzi

paragraph: Alessandro Andreozzi (born 2 June 1991) is an Italian motorcycle racer. He currently competes in the CIV Superbike Championship aboard a Yamaha YZF-R1. He has competed in the CIV Moto2 Championship, where he was champion in 2011, the Moto2 World Championship, the Supersport World Championship, the FIM Superstock 1000 Cup and the Superbike World Championship.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on MotoGP.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on WorldSBK.com

description: Italian motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Alessandro Andreozzi

wikipedia_title: Alessandro Andreozzi


text:
Canadian
Bishop
Roman Catholic Church
Pope Benedict XVI
Auxiliary Bishop
Archdiocese of Montréal
Lachine
Quebec
Canada
Concordia University
Montréal
Bachelor of Commerce
Ericsson Research Canada
Grand Séminaire de Montréal
Pontifical Lateran University
Rome
Philosophy
Theology
Divinity
priest
hospital chaplain
Lakeshore General Hospital
Pointe-Claire
blog
Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops
Episcopal Conference
Facebook
Twitter
Reddit
Ars Magica
Auxiliary bishop
Archdiocese of Montréal
Pope Benedict XVI
Christian Lépine
consecrated
Cardinal
Jean-Claude Turcotte
Archbishop
Newman Institute of Catholic Studies
Official Blog
Official Twitter Page

categories: Canadian Roman Catholic bishops,Concordia University alumni,People from Lachine, Quebec,1970 births,Living people

paragraph: Thomas Dowd (bishop)

paragraph: Thomas Dowd (born 11 September 1970) is a Canadian Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. Appointed by Pope Benedict XVI, Dowd is currently serving as Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Montréal.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Born in Lachine, Quebec, Canada, Dowd studied at Concordia University in Montréal obtaining his Bachelor of Commerce degree in 1992. Being very active during his university school years helped Dowd prepare for a more public life; he was on 25 different committees and served as president of the Commerce and Administration Student Association as well as being on Concordia's Board of Governors and Senate. After leaving Concordia, Dowd started working for Ericsson Research Canada, eventually becoming manager of their Global Integration and Verification Organization. He remained with the company for 3 years until he left to become a priest. Dowd studied at the Grand Séminaire de Montréal, which was affiliated with the Pontifical Lateran University in Rome, from which he received degrees in Philosophy, Theology and Divinity in 1997, 2000, and 2002 respectively. Dowd also received a Licentiate in Theology from the Université de Montréal in 2002. Dowd was ordained a priest on 7 December 2001.

paragraph: Section::::Priesthood and Internet Work.

paragraph: After his ordination, Dowd was assigned as an assistant pastor at the Montréal parishes of Holy Name of Jesus between 2001 and 2002 and Saint Thomas à Becket between 2002 and 2005. Between 2005 and 2006, He was the parish administrator of St. Veronica and assistant pastor of St. Luke. In 2005 until 2006, Dowd also served as the hospital chaplain for Lakeshore General Hospital in Pointe-Claire. From September 2006 until his episcopal ordination, Dowd worked as part of the diocesan curia as Associate Director for the Office of Pastoral Personnel, and as Director of the Diocesan Formation Services.

paragraph: Having been in the technological market before his ordination, Dowd started a blog in 2003. Dowd was the first Canadian priest to have a blog. Also, Dowd was the person responsible for the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops online presence; the first Episcopal Conference to have a website. Dowd continues to use Facebook, Twitter, Reddit and his own personal website to reach out to members of the Church and the world.

paragraph: In 2004 Dowd contributed to the development of the fifth edition of the Ars Magica roleplaying game. He was credited in the core rulebook for a design contribution as well as for being a playtester.He later received playtest credit in other rulebooks, namely Calebais: the Broken Covenant, Realms of Power: The Divine, and Realms of Power: The Infernal.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopal career.

paragraph: On 11 July 2011, Dowd was nominated to be an Auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Montréal by Pope Benedict XVI. Dowd was nominated alongside Christian Lépine. Dowd and Lépine were consecrated on September 10, 2011 by Cardinal Jean-Claude Turcotte, the then Archbishop of Montréal.

paragraph: In 2013, Dowd was appointed to the faculty of the Newman Institute of Catholic Studies.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopal career.:Investigation of Brian Boucher.

paragraph: On March 27, 2019, it was reported that Dowd had played a key role in the investigation of Brian Boucher, a priest who was sentenced to 8 years in prison for sexually abusing two young boys. Through his investigation Dowd discovered one of the two victims, who Dowd accompanied to the Montréal police. Dowd also turned over his 250-page report to assist in the police investigation. Justice Patricia Compagnone, who presided Boucher's trial, applauded the church's involvement. In a statement immediately after the sentencing on March 25, 2019, Dowd thanked the victims, the police, the crown prosecutor and the judge, and also condemned the actions of Brian Boucher. He also revealed that the investigation had led him to a time of depression and burnout, but pledged to strive to bring justice and healing should he encounter similar situations in the future. Dowd spoke about his own childhood experiences of abuse at a lay-run summer camp in subsequent interviews.

paragraph: On June 20, 2019, CBC Montreal published an investigative report: "Montreal sexual abuse victim says Catholic clergy interrogated him, looking for inconsistencies in his story." The victim, identified only as A.B. due to a publication ban, was asked by Dowd to attend a meeting in late 2016. Instead, A.B. was grilled for several hours by 9 members of the clergy, some dressed in full church regalia, in the same place where he had been molested: The report also includes a quote from "Thomas Doyle, a now-inactive American priest of the Dominican order who, in the 1980s, became one of the first in North America to expose sexual abuse by the clergy." He stated that "A.B.'s encounter with the archdiocese was not just inappropriate but counterproductive" and characterized it as an unheard of and "horrific attempt at getting information." As of June 22, the Archdiocese has refused to comment, and Dowd has not commented in person or digitally.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Blog

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Twitter Page

description: Canadian Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Thomas Dowd

wikipedia_title: Thomas Dowd (bishop)


categories: 1614 deaths,Daimyo,Yūki clan,1533 births

paragraph: Yūki Harutomo

alias:
Yuki Harutomo
Yuuki Harutomo

description: Japanese Daimyo

wikidata_label: Yūki Harutomo

wikipedia_title: Yūki Harutomo


text: CBE

text: Yass, New South Wales

text: Arthur Richardson

text: Homebush

text: Port Hacking

text: New Zealand

text: Dutch East Indies

text: Petermann Ranges

text: Arnhem Land

text: ANEC III

text: Frank Neale

text: Alice Springs

text: Lake Amadeus

text: Lake Mackay

text: Lake Hopkins

text: Adelaide

text: Percival Gull

text: Edgar Percival

text: Docker River

text: Petermann Ranges

text: Gipsy Moth

text: Monospar

text: Puss Moth

text: Nullabor Plain

text: Oodnadatta

text: King George V

text: de Havilland Dragonfly

text: Hermannsburg

text: Mount Conner

text: Lake Hopkins

text: Lake Neale

text: Lake Amadeus

text: Mitchell Library

text: Order of the British Empire

text: Mackay, Donald George (1870 - 1958)

categories: Australian male cyclists,1870 births,Ultra-distance cyclists,Touring cyclists,1958 deaths,Explorers of Australia

paragraph: Donald George Mackay

paragraph: Donald George Mackay CBE (29 June 187017 September 1958) was an Australian outdoorsman, long-distance cyclist, and explorer who conducted several expeditions to the remotest areas of the Australian continent.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Donald George Mackay was born on 29 June 1870 at Yass, New South Wales, son of Alexander Mackay, owner of Wallendbeen station, and his wife Annie. Mackay was educated at Wallendbeen Public School and at Oaklands School, Mittagong. After a brief engineering apprenticeship he worked for his father until the latter's death in 1890. During 1890-99 Mackay travelled extensively abroad, and later prospected for gold in western New South Wales.

paragraph: Section::::Cycling expedition around Australia.

paragraph: In July 1899 Mackay belatedly joined brothers Alex and Frank White to become the first men to travel around the continent of Australia on a bicycle. Mackay’s 24-in. frame, 29 lb. "DUX" bicycle was especially strengthened to carry Mackay’s weight plus his gear, which included two water cans, a set of tools and bicycle parts, a camera, waterproof rain cloak, diary, food bag, and revolver.

paragraph: Though Frank White had to abandon the attempt due to mechanical problems, Alex White and Donald Mackay successfully completed the circuit of the Australian continent and returned to Brisbane in March 1900. Though he came in third behind Alex White and Arthur Richardson, he set a record-breaking time of 240 days after an 11,500 mile (17,703 km) ride. On 27 June, Mackay was given a silver presentation trophy valued at 26 guineas (£27 6s) by the Dunlop Tyre Company "in recognition of his meritorious cycle ride around Australia."

paragraph: Section::::Later explorations.

paragraph: Mackay married Amy Isabel Little on 16 April 1902 at Homebush, Sydney. Their home at Port Hacking was on an estuary, facilitating the couple's love of fishing and sailing. Mackay led and financed an expedition to Papua in 1908 to investigate the headwaters of the Purari River. During the following decade he sailed a yacht in the South Pacific, visiting New Zealand and the Dutch East Indies.

paragraph: In 1926 Mackay financed and accompanied the first of several expeditions to Australia's Northern Territory. During the first expedition, which utilized camel transport, Mackay accompanied anthropologist Dr Herbert Basedow to the Petermann Ranges. In 1928 they explored Arnhem Land.

paragraph: Section::::Later explorations.:Aerial survey 1930.

paragraph: Beginning in 1930, Mackay supervised several aerial survey expeditions to Central Australia. The 1930 expedition surveyed the south-western corner of the Northern Territory. Mackay utilised two ANEC III aircraft for the survey, piloted by Captain Frank Neale and Captain H. B. Hussey, with Commander Harry T. Bennett as the navigator and surveyor. The team employed Bob Buck, a well known bushman of Central Australia, to establish a base in the Ehrenberg Range west of Alice Springs. Buck set out with a camel team two months prior to the survey party to take fuel and supplies to the base known as Ilbilba (also spelt Ilbpilla). Using the base as the hub of an imaginary wheel, Commander Bennett had the aircraft fly directly outbound for 250 miles, turn to fly the short side of a triangle, then fly directly inbound to the base making another 250 mile spoke of the wheel. The party made 15 survey flights over 24 days covering an area of 67,000 square miles, mapping and correcting the dimensions of Lake Amadeus and finding a previously unknown to them Lake Mackay, the second largest lake in Australia. Lake Anec to the west-north-west of Lake Hopkins was named after the aircraft type. The expedition finished at Adelaide on 28 June 1930.

paragraph: Section::::Later explorations.:Aerial survey 1933.

paragraph: The second series of surveys began from Sydney 20 May 1933 using a new aircraft, the Percival Gull bought by Donald Mackay especially for the flights. It was a fast low winged monoplane designed by Australian Edgar Percival, but built in England. Once again Bob Buck with 50 camels set out early to Docker Creek (now Docker River) in the Petermann Ranges, which was to be the new base early in the series. A backup aircraft was a Gipsy Moth piloted by T.Robertson with wireless operator Kingsley Love as crew. In early July, there was great concern at the Docker Creek base when Mackay and Neale in the Percival Gull failed to return from a flight to Lake Anec. The backup Gipsy Moth with Robertson and Bennett aboard began a search and discovered the missing aircraft bogged on the edge of the salt lake. The rescue crew were guided to a safe landing place by signals from the men on the ground, and they needed to remain overnight as all four men were required to manoeuvre the bogged aircraft to firm ground. This was done the next day, and both aircraft returned safely to base. As flights were completed, the main base was moved to Roy Hill then Fitzroy Crossing, enabling a larger area of Western Australia to be surveyed. The survey took seven weeks, and finished when the members returned to Sydney in mid-July 1933. An "S" shaped series of salt lakes found on this survey were named Percival Lakes , after the aircraft designer.

paragraph: Section::::Later explorations.:Aerial survey 1935.

paragraph: The third in the series of Mackay aerial survey flights departed Sydney 17 June 1935. Two aircraft were employed, the main one being a Monospar piloted by Frank Neale, and the backup being a Puss Moth owned and piloted by B.G.M. Shepherd, with Captain Wilkinson as radio operator. The survey area was to the north of the transcontinental railway line across the Nullabor Plain. The first base used was Cook, followed in turn by Forrest, Rawlinna and Laverton in Western Australia. Finally, a return to Oodnadatta was needed to cover a previously missed area. The party returned to Sydney 22 July 1935 after a successful expedition during which many new lakes and mountains were mapped. Lake Jubilee north-east of Rawlinna being one such lake, named for the jubilee of King George V.

paragraph: Section::::Later explorations.:Aerial survey 1937.

paragraph: The fourth and last aerial survey by Donald Mackay used a de Havilland Dragonfly as the primary aircraft and a Puss Moth owned and flown by J.Pollock. Frank Neale was chief pilot, Commander H.T.Bennett was navigator and E.B.Ferguson radio operator. They departed Mascot aerodrome (Sydney) on 19 July 1937 and made their way via various stops en route to Hermannsburg to fill in some gaps in the earlier work of 1933 and 1935. A chain of lakes north of Mount Conner in the Northern Territory was seen, and they proved to be an extension of the string of lakes which included Lake Hopkins, Lake Neale and Lake Amadeus. Once completed they flew to Tanami north-west of Alice Springs to start the main work of surveying a large portion of the north-west of Western Australia. Several bases were used in the following weeks including Roy Hill, Fitzroy Crossing, Wave Hill, and Tennant Creek. Most of the flights resulted in finding previously unmapped salt lakes and some low ranges of hills. These surveys produced far more useful maps than had previously existed, and they were donated to the Commonwealth government and to the Mitchell Library in Sydney by Mackay.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: Mackay was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1934 and raised to Commander level (CBE) in 1937. He received recognition from the Australian public as a pioneering Australian explorer, whose travels significantly increased man's knowledge of remote areas.

paragraph: Mackay died on 17 September 1958 in Sutherland Shire Hospital near Sydney. A widower, he had no children.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Basedow, H., "Knights of the Boomerang" Sydney: The Endeavour Press, 1st ed. (1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carment, David, "Mackay, Donald George (1870 - 1958)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 10, Melbourne University Press (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clune, Frank P., "Last of the Australian explorers: The story of Donald Mackay", 1st ed. Sydney: Angus & Robertson Ltd. (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Corke, David, "Aviation: The Adventures of Love Bird and Diamond Bird", 22 March 2010

description: Australian outdoorsman, long-distance cyclist and explorer

wikidata_label: Donald George Mackay

wikipedia_title: Donald George Mackay


text:
19th of April Movement
demobilization
political party
Cali
Bogotá
Pontifical Xavierian University
National University of Colombia
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
Jaime Bateman
Álvaro Fayad
Luis Otero Cifuentes
Vera Grabe
Simón Bolívar
Quinta de Bolívar
Belisario Betancur
Palace of Justice siege
Latin America
deportation
Cauca Department
Belalcázar
pardon
political party
Avianca Airlines
Boeing 727
Barranquilla
Luis Carlos Galán
Liberal
Bernardo Jaramillo Ossa
Antonio Navarro Wolff
César Gaviria
Carlos Castaño
United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia
Tiberio Cruz
Colombia
Escobar, el patrón del mal
19th of April Movement
History of Colombia
Palace of Justice siege
Politics of Colombia

categories: 20th-century Colombian lawyers,Burials at Central Cemetery of Bogotá,People from Cartagena, Colombia,Colombian lawyers,Assassinated Colombian politicians,1990 deaths,Colombian rebels,1951 births,Deaths by firearm in Colombia,People murdered in Colombia,19th of April Movement members

paragraph: Carlos Pizarro Leongómez

paragraph: Carlos Pizarro Leongómez (6 June 1951 – 30 April 1990) was the fourth commander of the Colombian guerrilla group 19th of April Movement ("Movimiento 19 de Abril") (M-19). Pizarro later ran for president of Colombia after the demobilization of M-19 that transformed the group into the political party, M-19 Democratic Alliance ("Alianza Democrática M-19") (AD/M-19). Pizarro was assassinated on 26 April 1990.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: He was the son of navy admiral Juan Antonio Pizarro and Margot Leongómez Matamoros. Raised in the city of Cali, He studied in several high schools and a boarding school in Bogotá where he graduated as Bachelor.

paragraph: He was admitted later in the faculty of Law of the Pontifical Xavierian University where he participated in the only student strike of the institution, and was expelled as a result. Later Pizarro-Leongomez entered the National University of Colombia, where he completed his studies in Law and participated in political left-wing activism. He joined the Communist Youth Party ("Juventud Comunista", JUCO). He was sent to violent areas to undertake social work.

paragraph: Section::::The M-19.

paragraph: He enlisted in the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia ("Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia", FARC)) at the age of 18. Because of disagreements with the group's leaders, he left FARC and with Jaime Bateman, Álvaro Fayad "the Turk", Luis Otero Cifuentes, Vera Grabe and others, founded the April 19 Movement (M-19), at the end of 1973.

paragraph: The M-19 was an urban, nationalistic and social democratic guerrilla group. On 17 January 1974 the M-19 stole Simón Bolívar's sword from the Quinta de Bolívar. The sword became the symbol of the guerrillas' fight under the slogan of "Bolivar your sword returns to the fight".

paragraph: Section::::Arrest and amnesty.

paragraph: In 1979 Pizarro was detected in Santander, after a crude attack of the army. He and several companions were taken to a military base where they were tortured.

paragraph: Soon they transferred to the jail of La Picota of Bogotá, where other guerrillas were being held. He remained in jail for three years. He and his companions were freed in 1982 at the beginning of the government of Belisario Betancur after being approved by absolute majority in the Congress under an amnesty law.

paragraph: After the amnesty, Pizarro continued his guerrilla activities insisting that the government establish a dialogue of peace.

paragraph: Section::::The process of peace, the truce, the breaking of these and the Palace of Justice.

paragraph: On 24 August 1984 the sign of the Agreements of Corinto, after an attack that suffered during an ambush of the army (next to other made its companion Iván Marino Ospina) he got hurt next to its companion. In spite of the intention to lay down the arms, Pizarro ordered new battles against the army after they also attacked his main amnestied heads or in truce and the camping in truce in Yarumales.

paragraph: At the beginning of 1985 in quality of supreme commander, Pizarro announces defeat the truce and the resumption of operations of the guerrilla. On 6 November of that same year, Alvaro Fayad orders the taking of the Palace of Justice in Bogotá kidnapping to the magistrates of the high courts, the objective of the taking was the judgment of the president to fail to fulfill the Agreements of Corinto. The government ignoring the requests of the group orders the army to attack the building, without surviving the guerrillas nor the hostages who requested ceasefire and the respect to the life.

paragraph: Section::::M-19 leadership.

paragraph: Section::::M-19 leadership.:"America" Battalion and CNG.

paragraph: Pizarro became commander of M-19 in 1986, following the Palace of Justice siege. Prior to 1986, Pizarro was the movement's military commander and often credited with moving the group in a more militant direction. In January 1986, from the Cauca Andes mountains, Pizarro announced the organization of the "America" Battalion which was composed of fighters from the National Guerrilla Coordinating Group ("Coordinadora Nacional Guerrillera") (CNG) and foreign fighters from other Latin American countries.

paragraph: The "America" Battalion was to operate much like the CNG, but on an international level that would include fighters from all over Latin America. The group however was unable to operate and consolidate due to deportation of suspicious foreigners in the Cauca Department. The group's victories included the seizure of neighboring areas such as Belalcázar in August 1986 and Inza in September 1986.

paragraph: Section::::M-19 leadership.:AD/M-19 formation and death.

paragraph: After 19 years in operation the group, commanded by Pizarro, began negotiating with the Colombian government, in April 1989, for demobilization conditional on certain grounds. The primary request of the group was a full pardon for all prior activities as well as the right to form a political party. M-19 in return agreed to turn over all weapons and not to return to violent activities, the demobilization date was set for mid-December 1989. The accord was signed in the town of Santo Domingo by Jaime Pardo Rueda, adviser to the president, Raul Orejuela Bueno, Minister of Interior and Pizarro, Commander of M-19.

paragraph: Following the signing of the accord, M-19 announced Pizarro would officially run as the group's presidential nominee in the 1990 elections. He was assassinated shortly thereafter aboard an Avianca Airlines Boeing 727 plane flying from Bogotá to Barranquilla on April 26, 1990 by a young paramilitary thug named Gerardo Gutierrez Uribe, aka "Jerry". Gutierrez Uribe himself was shot dead by Pizarro's security detail during the shoot-out. During the 1990 presidential campaign, three candidates were assassinated: Luis Carlos Galán, the leading Liberal candidate, Bernardo Jaramillo Ossa for the political party Unión Patriótica (UP), and Pizarro. Following the assassination, Antonio Navarro Wolff accepted the nomination of AD/M-19. Wolff would later finish third in the race, with 12.7% of vote, losing out to César Gaviria who later appointed him the position of health minister.

paragraph: Chief Prosecutor Alfonso Gomez would later charge Carlos Castaño, former leader of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia () (AUC), for the deaths of Jaramillo Ossa and Pizarro on May 24, 1999.

paragraph: Section::::Popular culture.

paragraph: Carlos Pizarro is portrayed by actor Tiberio Cruz in the Colombian TV series "Escobar, el patrón del mal".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19th of April Movement

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Colombia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Palace of Justice siege

paragraph: BULLET::::- Politics of Colombia

description: Colombian guerrilla

wikidata_label: Carlos Pizarro Leongómez

wikipedia_title: Carlos Pizarro Leongómez


href: Brandenburg%20an%20der%20Havel Prussia Berlin comedy farce satire parody patois

text:
Brandenburg an der Havel
Prussia
Berlin
comedies
farce
satirical
parodies
patois

categories: People from Brandenburg an der Havel,People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg,German male writers,1832 deaths,1768 births

paragraph: Julius von Voss

paragraph: Julius von Voss (24 August 1768, Brandenburg an der Havel, Prussia – 1 November 1832 Berlin) was a German author.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: His rapidity of literary production was almost without a parallel. His best story is "The Schildbürger" (The Fooltownite: 1823). He wrote a great many comedies, farces, and satirical parodies. In "The Strahlau Haul of Fish" (1822, a popular piece with songs, in the Berlin patois) he gives the first example of the Berlinese farce. "Ini. Ein Roman aus dem ein und zwanzigsten Jahrhundert" (Ini. A novel from the 21st century, 1810) is regarded as the first German science fiction novel.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Geschichte eines bei Jena gefangnen preussischen Offiziers" (1807)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ini. Ein Roman aus dem ein und zwanzigsten Jahrhundert" (1810), Reprint with commentary by Ulrich Blode: Oberhaid: Utopica, 2008,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Grab der Mutter in Palermo", novel (1818)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Damenhüte im Theater" (1820)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Stralower Fischzug", play (1821)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die sechzehn Ahnen des Grafen von Luftheim", family chronicle (1821)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spanien's Jungfrauen-Tribut an die Mauren", novel (1830)

description: German writer

wikidata_label: Julius von Voss

wikipedia_title: Julius von Voss


text: The Honourable

text: William Berkeley, 1st Earl FitzHardinge

text: Henry FitzHardinge Berkeley

text: Craven Berkeley

text: Sir George Cranfield Berkeley

text: Royal Military College, Sandhurst

text: Coldstream Guards

text: 82nd Regiment of Foot

text: Gloucestershire West

text: Whig

text: James Fraser

text: Fraser's Magazine

text: William Maginn

text: Paul Benfield

categories: 1800 births,Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst,Duellists,1881 deaths,Younger sons of earls,Berkeley family,Coldstream Guards officers

paragraph: Grantley Berkeley

paragraph: The Honourable George Charles Grantley FitzHardinge Berkeley (10 February 1800 – 20 February 1881), known as Grantley Berkeley, was a British politician, writer and sportsman.

paragraph: Section::::Background and education.

paragraph: Berkeley was the sixth son of Frederick Berkeley, 5th Earl of Berkeley, by Mary Cole, daughter of William Cole. He was the brother of William Berkeley, 1st Earl FitzHardinge, Maurice Berkeley, 1st Baron FitzHardinge, Henry FitzHardinge Berkeley, Thomas Berkeley, 6th Earl of Berkeley and Craven Berkeley and the nephew of Sir George Cranfield Berkeley. He was educated at Corpus Christi College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He was commissioned into the Coldstream Guards and afterwards transferred to the 82nd Regiment of Foot.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Berkeley sat as Member of Parliament for Gloucestershire West from 1832 to 1852 as a Whig. In 1836 he proposed the admission of ladies to the gallery of the House of Commons; this was granted in 1841. After 1852 he devoted himself largely to field sports and writing.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: Berkeley was the author of a number of books, including "Berkeley Castle", "Sandron Hall, or the Days of Queen Anne" (1840), and "My Life and Recollections", 4 volumes, (1865–66).

paragraph: Section::::Duel.

paragraph: In 1836, Berkeley assaulted magazine publisher James Fraser over a review he published in "Fraser's Magazine" of "Berkeley Castle". He subsequently fought a duel with the review's author William Maginn. Three rounds of shots were fired, but no one was struck.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Berkeley married Caroline Martha Benfield (1804–1873), daughter of Paul Benfield (1741–1810) and wife Mary Frances, née Swinburne (1771–1828), on 16 August 1824. Their two sons Swinburne and Edward died in 1865 and 1878 respectively. Berkeley died on 20 February 1881, aged 81.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oxford DNB index entry for Grantley Berkeley

alias: George Charles Grantley Fitzhardinge Berkeley

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Grantley Berkeley

wikipedia_title: Grantley Berkeley


text:
Augsburg
Germany
Charlottenburg
Progressive People's Party

categories: Members of the 12th Reichstag of the German Empire,German Lutherans,Members of the 8th Reichstag of the German Empire,Members of the 3rd Reichstag of the German Empire,Free-minded People's Party (Germany) politicians,Members of the 5th Reichstag of the German Empire,German Progress Party politicians,People from Augsburg,Progressive People's Party (Germany) politicians,1830 births,Members of the 2nd Reichstag of the German Empire,Members of the 10th Reichstag of the German Empire,German Free-minded Party politicians,Members of the 6th Reichstag of the German Empire,Members of the 9th Reichstag of the German Empire,1912 deaths,Members of the 11th Reichstag of the German Empire,People from the Kingdom of Bavaria

paragraph: Albert Traeger

paragraph: Christian Gottfried Albert Traeger (12 June 1830 in Augsburg, Germany – 26 March 1912 in Charlottenburg) was a German privy councillor and parliamentarian of the Progressive People's Party.

description: German politician and writer

wikidata_label: Albert Traeger

wikipedia_title: Albert Traeger


text:
Anglo-Norman
Henry I of England
new men
Normandy
Welsh Marches
Ludlow
its castle
chamberlain
sheriff
royal justice
Stephen
Welsh
Carmarthen
Miles of Gloucester
tenant-in-chief
Domesday Book
Ralph Mortimer
Wigmore
moneyer
Avranches
Eustace fitzJohn
Harptree
Barking Abbey
Roger de Valognes
East Anglia
danegeld
shilling
Sybil
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
Hugh de Lacy
Complete Peerage
Geoffrey Talbot
Walter de Lacy
K. S. B. Keats-Rohan
Judith Green
David Crouch
Roger de Lacy
Pain's Castle
Radnor
Caus Castle
Ludlow Castle
Weobley Castle
Gilbert de Lacy
Jocelin de Dinan
knights fees
William Rufus
Walter Map
chamberlain
body servant
Gesta Stephani
page
charter
Geoffrey de Clive
Bishop of Hereford
Sheriff of Herefordshire
Sheriff of Shropshire
Waleran of Melun
Wallingford Castle
Brian fitzCount
Orderic Vitalis
castellan
C. Warren Hollister
Matilda
Bridgnorth Castle
Llywelyn ab Owain
Maredudd ap Bleddyn
Powys
Welsh Marches
Gerald of Wales
Pipe Roll
forest law
Diocese of Hereford
Richard de Capella
Robert de Bethune
prior
Llanthony Priory
lordships
Ewias Lacy
Archenfield
Stephen
Theobald II, Count of Champagne
Matilda
Holy Roman Emperor
Henry V
William
Geoffrey, Count of Anjou
David
Robert, Earl of Gloucester
Stephen
Reading
Callixtus II
Diocese of Llandaff
Honorius II
Gloucester Abbey
Carmarthen
romance
Fouke le Fitz Waryn
heir male
Roger
Warin de Munchensy
Haldenald de Bidun

categories: High Sheriffs of Shropshire,1137 deaths,Anglo-Normans,Burials at Gloucester Cathedral,11th-century births,High Sheriffs of Herefordshire

paragraph: Pain fitzJohn

paragraph: Pain fitzJohn (before 1100–10 July 1137) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman and administrator, one of King Henry I of England's "new men", who owed their positions and wealth to the king.

paragraph: Pain's family originated in Normandy, but there is little to suggest that he had many ties there, and he appears to have spent most of his career in England and the Welsh Marches. A son of a minor nobleman, he rose through ability to become an important royal official during Henry's reign. In 1115, he was rewarded with marriage to an heiress, thereby gaining control of the town of Ludlow and its castle, which he augmented with further acquisitions.

paragraph: Although later medieval traditions described Pain as a chamberlain to King Henry, that position is not securely confirmed in contemporary records. He did hold other offices, however, including that of sheriff in two counties near the border between England and Wales. In his capacity as a royal justice, Pain also heard legal cases for the king throughout much of western England.

paragraph: After King Henry's death in 1135, Pain supported Henry's nephew, King Stephen, and was with the new king throughout 1136. In July 1137, Pain was ambushed by the Welsh and killed while leading a relief expedition to the garrison at Carmarthen. His heirs were his daughters, Cecily and Agnes. Cecily married the son of one of Pain's close associates, Miles of Gloucester. Pain was generous in his gifts of land to a number of monastic houses.

paragraph: Section::::Family background.

paragraph: Pain was a son, probably the eldest, of John fitzRichard, a tenant-in-chief listed in "Domesday Book". John may have had two wives, therefore the identity of Pain's mother is uncertain. On the basis of landholding, it has been speculated that Pain's mother was a daughter of Ralph Mortimer, who held Wigmore in "Domesday Book". As well as being a moneyer, Pain's paternal grandfather, who came from near Avranches in Normandy, owned a mill. Pain's brother, Eustace fitzJohn, became a royal official who owned lands in the north of England. His other siblings included William, Alice and Agnes. William was probably the same William who later held Harptree in Somerset, and in 1130 was a royal justice in western England. Alice was the abbess of Barking Abbey and Agnes became the wife of Roger de Valognes.

paragraph: Pain was born some time before 1100. His father may have been in the service of King Henry in Normandy before Henry became king. The family lands in England, which were not extensive, were mainly in East Anglia, and Pain appears to have inherited most of them; his payment for danegeld, a tax, in 1130 for his East Anglian properties was 40 shillings, compared to only 9 shillings for his brother Eustace.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and lands.

paragraph: All accounts agree that Pain married in 1115 and that his wife was named Sybil, although the identity of Sybil's parents is unclear. Pain's "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" entry states that he married Sybil Talbot, the niece of Hugh de Lacy. The "Complete Peerage" states that he married Sybil, the daughter of Geoffrey Talbot and Talbot's wife Agnes, who was herself probably the daughter of Walter de Lacy. The historian K. S. B. Keats-Rohan states that Pain married Sybil de Lacy, the daughter of Hugh de Lacy, a view shared by fellow historians Judith Green and Paul Dalton. Others such as Bruce Coplestone-Crow and David Crouch agree with the "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"s designation of Sybil as Hugh's niece, and daughter of Geoffrey Talbot and Agnes, the sister of Hugh de Lacy.

paragraph: King Henry and King Stephen recognised Pain as the legitimate holder of the lands acquired through his wife Sybil. Her kinsman Gilbert de Lacy was the son of Roger de Lacy, who had been banished from England in 1095 and his English estates confiscated; he had though retained his properties in Normandy. Roger's English possessions were given to his brother Hugh de Lacy, from whom Sybil had inherited them. On Roger's death Gilbert inherited the lands in Normandy, and pressed his claim to the family's former English estates. Coplestone-Crow speculates that the uncertainty hanging over the inheritance was one reason why Pain endeavoured to secure more lands around Ludlow.

paragraph: Pain is the presumed builder of Pain's Castle in the Welsh county of Radnor. He also controlled Caus Castle in Shropshire, and through his wife Ludlow Castle in the same county. Although he held the title to Weobley Castle, he does not appear to have exercised any control over it, which eventually went to Gilbert de Lacy. Pain was not the only recipient of Hugh de Lacy's lands; some went to Jocelin de Dinan and some to Miles of Gloucester. Pain's share included property in Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, and Worcestershire, and he succeeded in acquiring additional lands near Ludlow, adding to the manors he held there through his wife; his holdings of land were considered to be worth 17 knights fees. By 1130 he had evidently acquired additional properties in Oxfordshire, where he is recorded as being excused payment of danegeld that year.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Under Henry I.

paragraph: Pain was too young to serve King William Rufus, but according to the later 12th-century writings of Walter Map he may have been a chamberlain—one of the officials in charge of the royal household—for William's brother, King Henry I (reigned 1100–1135). There is no contemporary evidence for Pain having held that office and nor is it likely, given Map's story, that Pain was involved with Henry's financial affairs; rather it appears that if indeed he was a chamberlain, he was a body servant. Map relates a story about Pain serving the king personally at night, providing Henry with wine if the king called for it. The story continues that Pain once drank the wine and was caught out by Henry when the king subsequently demanded his nightcap. Map finishes the story by saying that the king then ordered that Pain should be given wine every night while awaiting the king's pleasure. Although the story is unlikely to be true in all details, it suggests that Pain's service to the king was personal as well as judicial and governmental. Other evidence against Map's claim that Pain was a chamberlain is that he never attested a royal charter in that office.

paragraph: The author of the "Gesta Stephani" described Pain as having been a page at Henry's court, stating that he owed his position to being one of the "special and very intimate friends of King Henry" and that although Pain had been "taken into [Henry's] service as [one of his] court pages", it appears likely that the three fitzJohn brothers—Pain, Eustace and William—worked to advance each other's careers, as they are frequently found witnessing, or attesting, the same charters and other royal documents.

paragraph: In 1115, Pain was a witness to a charter of confirmation that King Henry issued to Geoffrey de Clive, the Bishop of Hereford, issued in the Welsh Marches. Sometime between 1123 and 1127 he was appointed Sheriff of Herefordshire, and in 1127 became Sheriff of Shropshire also. He held the sheriffdoms of Hereford and Shropshire at least until 1136, and probably until his death. Pain is also often termed the king's "viceregent" or "justiciar" for those counties, and he had the custody of King Henry's prisoner, Waleran of Melun, from September 1126 until late 1126, when Waleran was moved to Wallingford Castle and the custody of Brian fitzCount.

paragraph: Pain was one of Henry's "new men", who owed their positions and wealth to the king. The medieval writer Orderic Vitalis described them as a group as "of base stock who had served him [Henry] well, raised them, so to say, from the dust" and that the king "stationed them above earls and famous castellans". Although Orderic stated that the families of these men were not considered high status, this was probably an exaggeration on the chronicler's part. Pain's family was respectable enough, as his father held a number of properties directly from the king. It appears that Pain did not always take the king's side; the historian C. Warren Hollister has argued that Pain was not among the supporters of Henry's only surviving legitimate child, Matilda, in 1126, when Henry had his nobility swear that they would recognise her as his heiress. Hollister feels that the removal of Waleran from Pain's custody was a sign that Pain had not supported Matilda.

paragraph: Pain consolidated much of his power in Shropshire and Herefordshire at Bridgnorth Castle, often using that site as a place of business in preference to Shrewsbury, which had previously been the main centre of business for his predecessors as sheriff. As well as Waleran, Pain imprisoned a Welsh hostage there in 1128, Llywelyn ab Owain, the nephew of Maredudd ap Bleddyn, ruler of the Welsh principality of Powys. Besides Bridgnorth, Pain used his possession of Ludlow Castle to consolidate his power in the Welsh Marches. During Henry's reign, the Welsh border was a zone of frequent raids and conflict between the Anglo-Normans and the Welsh.

paragraph: The "Gesta Stephani" indicates that Pain, along with Miles of Gloucester, was a major landholder in the western part of England, and the pair managed to dominate justice in that region. According to the document the two men "raised their power to such a pitch that from the Severn to the sea, all along the border between England and Wales, they involved everyone in litigation and forced services." The later medieval writer Gerald of Wales called Miles and Pain "secretaries and privy councillors of the king".

paragraph: The 1130 Pipe Roll noted that Pain was a royal justice in Staffordshire, Gloucestershire, and Pembroke. Besides the ordinary court, Pain also heard cases relating to the forest law in those counties. The Pipe Roll does not record Pain as sheriff in Shropshire, but this is likely because the Shropshire returns for that year are missing from it. Also in 1130, Pain was consulted by the king about the appointment to a vacant bishopric. The Diocese of Hereford had been vacant since the death of Richard de Capella in August 1127, and the king consulted with Pain and the constable of Hereford before accepting their candidate—Robert de Bethune, the prior of Llanthony Priory. In 1132 Pain was present, along with his brother, at the Christmas court held by King Henry. Subsequently Caus Castle, which was under Pain's control, was burnt by the Welsh in 1134. As lord of Caus, Pain was involved in efforts to suppress Welsh raiding. Although Pain held Caus, his title to the fortification was unclear, as it had earlier been held by Robert Corbet.

paragraph: By the end of Henry's reign, Pain had witnessed over 60 royal charters for the king, spanning a period from around 1115 until 1135. Although Pain witnessed a large number of royal documents, this activity took place mostly in England, as few of the documents he witnessed were drawn up while the king was in Normandy. As a reward for his service, Henry gave Pain the lordships of Ewias Lacy and Archenfield, both in Wales.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Under Stephen.

paragraph: Following King Henry's death in 1135, the succession was disputed between the king's nephews—Stephen and his elder brother, Theobald II, Count of Champagne—and Henry's surviving legitimate child Matilda, usually known as the Empress Matilda because of her first marriage to the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry V. King Henry's only legitimate son, William, had died in 1120. After Matilda was widowed in 1125, she returned to her father, who married her to Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. All the magnates of England and Normandy were required to declare fealty to Matilda as Henry's heir, but when Henry I died in 1135, Stephen rushed to England and had himself crowned before either Theobald or Matilda could react. The Norman barons accepted Stephen as Duke of Normandy, and Theobald contented himself with his possessions in France. Matilda, though, was less sanguine, and secured the support of the Scottish king, David, who was her maternal uncle, and in 1138 also that of her half-brother, Robert, Earl of Gloucester, an illegitimate son of Henry I.

paragraph: On Henry's death in December 1135, Pain attended the king's funeral. Pain was an early supporter of King Stephen, although he was said initially to have been afraid to appear at Stephen's court for fear of being confronted by those he had oppressed. Nevertheless, Pain was with the new king by early January 1136, when he witnessed one of Stephen's documents, dated to around 4 January 1136, at Reading. By Easter, both Pain and his brother Eustace had formally submitted to the king. Pain witnessed a royal charter at Oxford in April 1136. The king rewarded the brothers by continuing to appoint them to judicial functions, and confirmed grants made by them to various religious houses.

paragraph: After Henry's death, the Welsh attempted to drive out the Norman lords who had been extending their control into Wales during Henry's reign. Pain was with King Stephen at the siege of Exeter from June to August 1136, early in the king's reign. Crouch argues that Stephen did not at that time trust Pain, and kept him at the siege to more easily monitor his actions, and to prevent him from defecting to Matilda's cause.

paragraph: Section::::Relations with the Church.

paragraph: In 1119 Pope Callixtus II addressed letters to a group of Anglo-Norman landholders in the Welsh Marches, including Pain, accusing them of having appropriated the lands of the Diocese of Llandaff and ordering their return. Pain was among a group of nobles similarly accused by Pope Honorius II in 1128. Honorius once again ordered the nobles to restore to the Church lands they had confiscated.

paragraph: Pain gave lands to Llanthony Priory, helping to establish the endowment of that monastic house, although it is difficult to distinguish his gifts from those of Hugh de Lacy, as the monks of Llanthony grouped the gifts of both men together in their records. In addition Pain granted lands to Gloucester Abbey, which had benefited from the generosity of his father and brother, as did his wife Sybil, together with other grants to her uncle the abbot. She also gave to two churches in Hereford: St Peter and St Guthlac.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: On 10 July 1137 Pain was killed by a javelin blow to the head during an ambush by the Welsh as he was leading a relief expedition to the garrison at Carmarthen. He was buried in Gloucester Abbey, following a funeral service conducted by Robert de Bethune. A number of barons from the Welsh Marches attended, including Miles of Gloucester. Pain's widow continued to hold Ludlow Castle until the middle of 1139, when she was forced to surrender it to King Stephen. Stephen then gave Sybil in marriage to Jocelin de Dinan, who consequently acquired Ludlow Castle through his new wife, setting up the background to Gilbert Lacy's attempts to seize Ludlow from Dinan on which the medieval Welsh romance work "Fouke le Fitz Waryn" is based.

paragraph: Pain's heirs were his two daughters, Cecily and Agnes. His heir male was his brother, Eustace fitzJohn. The two daughters were married five times in total; Cecily married three times but failed to produce any direct heirs. Her first husband was Roger, the son of Miles of Gloucester. Pain arranged Cecily and Roger's marriage. The marriage contract specified that Roger would inherit all of Pain's lands, but as result of the latter's death the marriage was not contracted until December 1137, when King Stephen confirmed the terms of the settlement. The king also settled the bulk of the inheritance on Cecily, which led to disturbances and a minor war among disappointed claimants. Agnes married Warin de Munchensy and after his death Haldenald de Bidun. She died after 1185, by which time she was described as a widow.

paragraph: The historian W. E. Wightman described Pain as a "second-class baron and first-class civil servant".

description: Norman baron and sheriff

wikidata_label: Pain fitzJohn

wikipedia_title: Pain fitzJohn


text: Torrijos

text: Toledo

text: Juan Guas

text: Plateresque

text: Sigüenza Cathedral

text: Fadrique de Portugal

text: Hospital de Santa Cruz

text: Toledo

text: Toledo Cathedral

text: New Kings chapel

text: Luis de Vega

text: Alcázar

text: Puerta de Bisagra Nueva

categories: 16th-century Spanish architects,Renaissance architects,Spanish architects,1570 deaths,1488 births

paragraph: Alonso de Covarrubias

paragraph: Alonso de Covarrubias (Torrijos, Toledo 1488 – 1570) was a Spanish architect and sculptor of the Renaissance, active mainly in Toledo.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Covarrubias' works include:

paragraph: His first work was associated with Antón Egas and Juan Guas, in a style the transition between late gothic and Plateresque. In the first years of his career he worked principally as a sculptor.

paragraph: First works as architect:

paragraph: BULLET::::- At Sigüenza Cathedral, he is credited with designing the retables of Saint Librada and Fadrique de Portugal, influenced by Francisco de Baeza (1515).

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the Hospital de Santa Cruz (Toledo): the courtyard and the plateresque stairway.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1532 worked in the sacristy of Sigüenza Cathedral.

paragraph: In Toledo:

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1534 he was named superintendent of the building program at Toledo Cathedral where planned the New Kings chapel.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1537 Covarrubias and Luis de Vega were named architects of the Alcázar. Covarrubias built the main façade and the courtyard.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1541- ) Designed and built the Tavera Hospital (Hospital de Tavera), one of his principal buildings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 154_ The façade of Episcopal palace of Toledo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rebuilt the Puerta de Bisagra Nueva.

paragraph: Other important Works:

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the 1530s built the cloister of the Lupiana Monastery.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He also worked in the Archbishop's Palace of Alcalá de Henares where he built the façade and the lost courtyard.

description: Spanish architect

wikidata_label: Alonso de Covarrubias

wikipedia_title: Alonso de Covarrubias


text: Phoenix, Arizona

text: Indiana University

text: Indiana Hoosiers

text: Doc Counsilman

text: 1968 Summer Olympics

text: 400-meter individual medley

text: men's 4×100-meter medley relay

text: 100-meter backstroke

text: International Swimming Hall of Fame

text: Lesley Bush

text: Charles Hickcox (USA)

text: Indiana University Archives

categories: Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States,Sportspeople from Phoenix, Arizona,Salmon P. Chase College of Law alumni,Pan American Games medalists in swimming,American male backstroke swimmers,American male freestyle swimmers,Deaths from cancer in California,Olympic silver medalists for the United States in swimming,2010 deaths,Indiana Hoosiers men's swimmers,Olympic swimmers of the United States,Universiade medalists in swimming,Olympic gold medalists for the United States in swimming,1947 births,Swimmers at the 1968 Summer Olympics,Swimmers at the 1967 Pan American Games,Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States,Former world record holders in swimming,American male medley swimmers,Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Charlie Hickcox

paragraph: Charles Buchanan Hickcox (February 6, 1947 – June 14, 2010) was an American competition swimmer, three-time Olympic champion, and former world record-holder in six events.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Hickcox was born in Phoenix, Arizona. He attended Indiana University, and swam for the Indiana Hoosiers swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition from 1967 to 1969. He won a total of seven individual NCAA national championships while swimming for Hoosiers coach Doc Counsilman.

paragraph: The peak of Hickcox's swimming career occurred between 1967 and 1968 when he set eight world records in the space of sixteen months. He received four medals (three gold and one silver) at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. He won gold medals in both the 200-meter and 400-meter individual medley events (setting an Olympic record in the 200-meter), and another gold as a member of the world record-setting U.S. team in the men's 4×100-meter medley relay. He also added a silver medal in the men's 100-meter backstroke.

paragraph: Hickcox was named "World Swimmer of the Year" in 1968, and inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame as an "Honor Swimmer" in 1976. He was married to Olympic diver Lesley Bush, but they later divorced.

paragraph: He died from cancer on June 14, 2010, in San Diego at the age of 63.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Indiana University (Bloomington) people

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)

paragraph: BULLET::::- World record progression 100 metres backstroke

paragraph: BULLET::::- World record progression 200 metres backstroke

paragraph: BULLET::::- World record progression 200 metres individual medley

paragraph: BULLET::::- World record progression 400 metres individual medley

paragraph: BULLET::::- World record progression 4 × 100 metres freestyle relay

paragraph: BULLET::::- World record progression 4 × 100 metres medley relay

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Hickcox (USA) – Honor Swimmer profile at International Swimming Hall of Fame

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indiana University Archives

description: American swimmer, Olympic gold medalist, former world record-holder

wikidata_label: Charlie Hickcox

wikipedia_title: Charlie Hickcox