text: Saint-Vallier, Quebec

text: Quebec City

text: Québécois

text: New France

text: court martial

text: Saint-Vallier

text: New France

text: Seven Years' War

text: Quebec City

text: Ursulines of Quebec

text: Lieutenant Colonel

text: Roger Morris

text: lashes

text: branded

text: perjury

text: confessor

text: gibbet

text: Plains of Abraham

text: Pointe-Lévy

text: James Murray

text: P. T. Barnum

text: The Boston Museum

text: oral tradition

text: witch

text: Philippe Aubert de Gaspé

text: witches' Sabbath

text: Will-o'-the-wisp

text: Île d'Orléans

text: James MacPherson Le Moine

text: William Kirby

text: The Golden Dog

text: La Voisin

text: Affair of the Poisons

text: Louis Fréchette

text: Pierre-Georges Roy

text: Philippe Aubert de Gaspé

text: James MacPherson Le Moine

text: William Kirby

text: Louis Fréchette

text: Brydon Paige

text: Gilles Vigneault

text: Alexander Brott

text: Les Grands Ballets Canadiens

text: Montreal Symphony Orchestra

text: Salle Wilfrid-Pelletier

text: Place des Arts

text: Montréal

text: Gilles Vigneault

text: Pauline Julien

text: Victor-Lévy Beaulieu

text: National Theatre School of Canada

text: Monument-National

text: Michelle Rossignol

text: Théâtre d'Aujourd'hui

text: Anne Hébert

text: Douglas Glover

text: Guy Cloutier

text: Jean Salvy

text: Anne Dorval

text: Télévision Radio-Canada

text: Mes Aïeux

text: Monique Pariseau

text: Battle of the Brave

text: Jean Beaudin

text: Canada Post

text: The Canadian Encyclopedia

text: Documents concernant la Corriveau

text: Imperial War Museum

text: "La Corriveau"

text: Saint-Raphaël de Bellechasse

text: Luc Lacourcière

text: "La Corriveau"

text: "La Corriveau"

text: Charny, Quebec

text: Drummondville

text: "La Corrida de la Corriveau"

text: "La Corriveau"

text: "La Corriveau"

text: Alfred Laliberté

text: Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec

text: a postage stamp from Canada Post

text: original version

text: abridged version

text: La Corriveau

categories: People from Chaudière-Appalaches,French people convicted of murder,People executed by military occupation forces,1763 deaths,1733 births,Canadian female murderers,People of New France,People executed by the British military by hanging,Canadian people convicted of murder,People executed for murder,Executed Canadian people,Executed French people,Executed Canadian women

paragraph: Marie-Josephte Corriveau

paragraph: Marie-Josephte Corriveau (1733 at Saint-Vallier, Quebec – at Quebec City), better known as "la Corriveau", is a well-known figure in Québécois folklore. She lived in New France, and was sentenced to death by a British court martial for the murder of her second husband, was hanged for it and her body hanged in chains. Her story has become a legend in Quebec, and she is the subject of many books and plays.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Marie-Josephte Corriveau was born in 1733, most probably in January or February, and baptised on May 14, 1733, in the rural parish of Saint-Vallier in New France. She was the only surviving offspring of Joseph Corriveau, a farmer, and Françoise Bolduc. Her ten brothers and sisters all died in childhood.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and deaths of spouses.

paragraph: Corriveau married at the age of 16, on November 17, 1749, to Charles Bouchard, aged 23, also a farmer. Three children were born in this marriage: two daughters, Marie-Françoise (1752) and Marie-Angélique (1754), followed by a son, Charles (1757). Rumors (that only started after the death of her second husband) say that she murdered him, as there is no concrete record of his death. Charles Bouchard was buried on April 27, 1760, and she remarried fifteen months later, on July 20, 1761, to another farmer from Saint-Vallier, Louis Étienne Dodier. On the morning of January 27, 1763, he was found dead in his barn, with multiple head wounds. Despite an official recording of the cause of death being from kicks of horses' hooves, and a speedy burial, rumours and gossip of murder spread rapidly through the neighbourhood. Dodier was on bad terms with his father-in-law and with his wife.

paragraph: Section::::Arrest and trial.

paragraph: At the time, New France had been conquered by the British in 1760 as part of the Seven Years' War and was under the administration of the British Army. On hearing the rumours, the local British military authorities (charged with keeping order) set up an inquiry into Dodier's death. The inquiry opened in Quebec City on March 29, 1763, at the Ursulines of Quebec, charging Joseph Corriveau and his daughter Marie-Josephte, before a military tribunal made up of 12 English officers and presided over by Lieutenant Colonel Roger Morris. The case ended, on 9 April, with Joseph Corriveau being sentenced to death, for culpable homicide of his son-in-law. Marie-Josephte was found to be an accomplice to murder, and sentenced to 60 lashes and branded with the letter M on her hand. One of Joseph Corriveau's nieces, Isabelle Sylvain (who he employed as a servant), had testified but changed her story several times during the hearing; she was found guilty of perjury and given 30 lashes and branded with the letter P.

paragraph: Condemned to hang, Joseph Corriveau then told his confessor, that he was no more than an accomplice to his daughter, after she had killed Dodier. At a second trial, on 15 April, Marie-Josephte testified to having killed her husband with two blows of a hatchet during his sleep, because of his ill-treatment of her. The tribunal found her guilty and sentenced her to hang, her body after to be "hanged in chains" (that is, put up for public display on a gibbet).

paragraph: Section::::Execution.

paragraph: The place of execution was Quebec, on the Buttes-à-Nepveu, near the Plains of Abraham, probably on 18 April. Her body was then taken, as directed by the sentence, to be put in chains at Pointe-Lévy, at the crossroads of Lauzon and Bienville (today Saint-Joseph Street and De l'Entente Boulevard). The body, in its iron gibbet, was exposed to the public view until May 25 at the earliest. Following the requests of those living nearby, an order from the military commander of the district of Quebec, James Murray, addressed to the captain of the militia of Pointe-Lévy, permitted its being taken down and buried.

paragraph: In 1849, the "cage" was dug up from the cemetery of the church of Saint-Joseph-de-la-Pointe-Lévy when a pit was dug. Soon after, the cage was stolen from the church cellar, and acquired by the American impresario P. T. Barnum and put on display as a "macabre object". After that, it was put on display at The Boston Museum. The museum slip indicated its provenance with two words: "From Quebec".

paragraph: Through the efforts of the Société d'histoire de Lévis, the cage was acquired from the Boston Museum and is now, part of a permanent display at Musée de la civilisation in Quebec City.

paragraph: Section::::In legend.

paragraph: The post-mortem exhibition of Corriveau's remains at a busy crossroads (a practice also in use under the French regime, and reserved in England for those found guilty of the most serious crimes); the repercussions in the trial; the rumour that her father would be convicted of murdering Dodier at his daughter's instigation; and the gossip which grew up around the circumstances of the death of her first husband all stirred up the popular imagination and became legends still told today in the oral tradition — increasing the number of murdered husbands to as many as seven and likening la Corriveau to a witch.

paragraph: The 1849 discovery of the iron cage buried in the cemetery of Saint-Joseph Parish (now the Lauzon district) served to reawaken the legends and the fantastic stories, which were amplified and used by 19th-century writers. The first, in 1863, Philippe Aubert de Gaspé in "Les Anciens Canadiens", has a supernatural Corriveau hanging in the Pointe-Levy cage, terrorising one night a passer-by conducting a witches' Sabbath and Will-o'-the-wisp at the Île d'Orléans. James MacPherson Le Moine ("Maple Leaves", 1863) and William Kirby, following in his footsteps ("The Golden Dog", 1877), made her a professional poisoner, a direct descendant of La Voisin, famous for her purported role in The Affair of the Poisons. Writers and historians such as Louis Fréchette and Pierre-Georges Roy have tried to give Corriveau's history, but without completely separating the facts from the anachronistic fantasies added in legend and novels.

paragraph: The figure of Corriveau still inspires novels, songs and plays and is the subject of argument (was she guilty or not?). Oral tradition also perpetuated and has not stopped, and remains alive, as is evidenced by the numerous stories collected in the lands of many regions of Quebec.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1863: "Les Anciens Canadiens" ("The Canadians of Old"), novel by Philippe Aubert de Gaspé

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1863: "Marie-Josephte Corriveau, A Canadian Lafarge", in "Maple Leaves" by James MacPherson Le Moine

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1877: "The Golden Dog, A Legend of Québec", novel by William Kirby, translated into French by , (1884)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1885: , novel by Louis Fréchette, first published in a special edition of the newspaper , 24 February 1885; reprinted and rewritten many times, notably under the title in the , Montreal, 1913.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966: "La Corriveau", dramatic ballet choreographed by Brydon Paige, with original theme and songs by Gilles Vigneault and music by Alexander Brott. Commissioned by the , the ballet was premièred by Les Grands Ballets Canadiens, with the collaboration of the Montreal Symphony Orchestra at the Salle Wilfrid-Pelletier of the Place des Arts at Montréal, 21 and 22 December 1966.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972: "La Corriveau", song written by Gilles Vigneault in 1966 for the ballet of the same name, is recorded by Pauline Julien on her album

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973: "Ma Corriveau", play by Victor-Lévy Beaulieu written for the public examinations of the students of the National Theatre School of Canada, premièred at the Monument-National, its Montreal base, from 3 to 6 October 1973 with a production by Michelle Rossignol, first premièred professionally at the Théâtre d'Aujourd'hui in Montreal from 19 September to 30 October 1976 in a production by André Pagé.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978: , fantasy story by , translated into English in 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981: "La Corriveau", historical novel by Andrée LeBel

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990: "La Cage", play by Anne Hébert, translated into English in 2009.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 : "La Corriveau", short story by the English Canadian Douglas Glover, translated into French the same year, and into Serbian in 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: "La Corriveau", play by Guy Cloutier, produced by Denise Verville and staged at the , Quebec, from 12 to 30 January 1993. It was reprised, adapted for television with the title "La Corrivaux" by the director Jean Salvy, with Anne Dorval in the title role, and broadcast on the Télévision Radio-Canada network in 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: "La Maudite", teen novel by Daniel Mativat

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "La Corrida de la Corriveau", song by Mes Aïeux (on the album "")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "La Fiancée du vent : l'histoire de la Corriveau, née en Nouvelle-France et pendue sous le Régime anglais", novel by Monique Pariseau

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Julie et le serment de la Corriveau", teen novel by

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Battle of the Brave (Nouvelle-France)", film produced by Jean Beaudin (loose adaptation on the theme of la Corriveau)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "La Corriveau", animated film by Kyle Craig

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: Corriveau is featured on a postage stamp from Canada Post

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "An Object of Conviction", by Gene Lessard

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- . Brief article published in the online version of "The Canadian Encyclopedia"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anthology containing fifteen oral versions of the legend of la Corriveau, different literary texts inspired by the theme, and four studies.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reprinted in

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encyclopaedia article

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dion, Sylvie (in Portuguese), "Fantasmas femininos e imaginários coletivos-os casos de Marie-Josephte Corriveau e Maria Degolada", in .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archive documents

paragraph: BULLET::::- Documents concernant la Corriveau, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, Centre d'archives de Québec, Collection Centre d'archives de Québec, P1000,S3,D435. 128-page collection of research notes on la Corriveau (p. 1), typed transcription of the article by James MacPherson Le Moine, "Marie-Josephte Corriveau, A Canadian Lafarge", from 1863 (pp. 2–11), a newspaper clipping entitled "Le procès de la Corriveau", dated 28 February 1939 (p. 12) and a copy of the proceedings of the Corriveau case (typist's copy and photostat of the manuscript) (pp. 13–128) of the originals preserved by the Imperial War Museum in London.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oral tradition

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angélina Roy, "La Corriveau", 1953. Story about the legend of la Corriveau, recounted 15 November 1953 by Madame Wilfrid Fradette, née Angélina Roy (1875–1958), of Saint-Raphaël de Bellechasse, to Luc Lacourcière. Archives de Folklore de l'Université Laval, Collection Luc Lacourcière, enreg. 1658, published in

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gema Leblanc, "La Corriveau", 1989. Story about the legend of la Corriveau, recounted in 1989 by Gema Leblanc, inhabitant of Quebec, to Isabelle-Sophie Dufour. Published in Nicole Guilbault (ed.), "Contes et sortilèges des quatre coins du Québec", Documentor/Cégep François-Xavier-Garneau, Quebec, 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- José Bourassa, "La Corriveau", 1989. Story about the legend of la Corriveau, recoiunted in 1989 by José Bourassa, inhabitant of Charny, Quebec, born in Drummondville, to Dany Parizé. Published in Nicole Guilbault (ed.), "Contes et sortilèges des quatre coins du Québec", Documentor/Cégep François-Xavier-Garneau, Quebec, 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Song

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mes Aïeux, "La Corrida de la Corriveau" (lyrics)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gilles Vigneault, "La Corriveau" (lyrics)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sculpture

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Corriveau", bronze sculpture by Alfred Laliberté made between 1928 and 1932, now in the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec

paragraph: BULLET::::- Popular culture

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nineteenth-century tobacco rolling machine, in the figure of la Corriveau in the cage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Corriveau is featured on a postage stamp from Canada Post in 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Animated film

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Corriveau", animated film by Kyle Craig – original version (23 min.) and abridged version (12 min.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commercial use

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Corriveau, dark oatmeal ale from the Quebec microbrewery Le Bilboquet

alias:
La Corriveau
Marie Josephe Corriveau
Marie-Josephe Corriveau

wikidata_label: Marie-Josephte Corriveau

wikipedia_title: Marie-Josephte Corriveau


text:
Gurmukhī alphabet
Shahmukhī alphabet
Guru Gobind Singh
Sahibzada Ajit Singh
Sikhism
Sikhs

paragraph: Mata Sundari

paragraph: Mātā Sundarī ("Gurmukhī alphabet": ਮਾਤਾ ਸੁੰਦਰੀ, "Shahmukhī alphabet": ماتا سندری) was the daughter of Ram Sarana, a Kumarav Khatri of Bijwara, in present-day Hoshiārpur district. She was the second wife of Guru Gobind Singh. The couple married at Anandpur on 4 April 1684 and had one son, Sahibzada Ajit Singh, born at Pāoṇṭā on 26 January 1687.

paragraph: She holds a special place in Sikhism for the role she played in leading Sikhs after the ascension of Guru Gobind Singh.

wikidata_label: Mata Sundari

wikipedia_title: Mata Sundari


text:
House of Piast
Lady
Bitsch
Duchess
Lorraine
Mieszko III the Old
Duke of Greater Poland
High Duke of Poland
Elisabeth
Béla II of Hungary
Viacheslava of Novgorod
Bolesław IV the Curly
Frederick, Lord of Bitsch
Matthias I of Lorraine
Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick
Duke of Lorraine
Bishop of Toul
Gerbéviller
Bayon
Remiremont
Salm
Zweibrücken
Limburg
Gniezno Doors
Simon II of Lorraine

categories: 1150s births,12th-century Polish people,Polish princesses,People from Greater Poland,13th-century Polish people,12th-century Polish women,Piast dynasty,1223 deaths

paragraph: Wierzchoslawa Ludmilla of Greater Poland (; b. bef. 1153 – d. bef. 1223), was a Polish princess member of the House of Piast, by marriage Lady of Bitsch and during 1205-1206 Duchess of Lorraine.

paragraph: She was the second daughter and fourth child of Mieszko III the Old, Duke of Greater Poland and since 1173 High Duke of Poland, by his first wife Elisabeth, daughter of King Béla II of Hungary. Her name was probably given after High Duchess Viacheslava of Novgorod, wife of Bolesław IV the Curly, the ruling High Duke of Poland; with this gesture, Duke Mieszko III maybe showed an expression of warming relations between him and his brother the High Duke.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Around 1167, Wierzchoslawa Ludmilla married with Frederick, Lord of Bitsch, second son of Duke Matthias I of Lorraine. The union was arranged by Frederick's maternal uncle Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor during a visit to Poland.

paragraph: During her marriage, Wierzchoslawa Ludmilla bore her husband nine children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frederick (who succeeded his father as Duke of Lorraine)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matthias (later Bishop of Toul)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philipp (Lord of Gerbéviller)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thierry (Lord of Autigny)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry (Lord of Bayon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agatha (Abbess of Remiremont)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Judith (Countess of Salm)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hedwig (Countess of Zweibrücken) and Cunigunde (Duchess of Limburg)

paragraph: Wierzchosława Ludmilla became the contact between the French and Polish artistic representatives. One of the theories about the building of the famous Gniezno Doors states that thanks to her efforts, around 1180 the Doors came to her father's court.

paragraph: After years of disputes between Frederick and his brother Duke Simon II of Lorraine, in 1205 he finally abdicated and entered a monastery. Then Frederick became the Duke of Lorraine and Wierzchosława Ludmilla his duchess consort. However, their reign was short-lived: one year later, in 1206, Duke Frederick I died. Wierzchosława Ludmilla returned to Poland after the death of her husband, and remained there until her own death, around 1223.

description: Polish princess

wikidata_label: Ludmilla of Poland


categories: 1910 deaths,Danish Jews,Danish publishers (people),1846 births

paragraph: Isaac Salmonsen

paragraph: Isaac Salmonsen (1846 – 1910) was a Danish bookseller and publisher.

paragraph: He established the publishing house Brødrene Salmonsen in 1871, along with his brother. He is particularly known for publishing the Danish encyclopedia, "Salmonsens Store Illustrerede Konversationsleksikon". The first edition of the encyclopedia came in nineteen volumes between 1893 and 1911. The second edition of the encyclopedia came in twenty-six volumes between 1915 and 1930.

description: Danish book seller and publisher

wikidata_label: Isaac Salmonsen

wikipedia_title: Isaac Salmonsen


text: operetta

text: Les Six

text: Maurice Ravel

text: Claude Debussy

text: Philippe Parès

text: Serge Véber

text: Théâtre Daunou

text: The Woman and the Puppet

text: Sailor's Song

text: A Son from America

text: Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman

text: Zouzou

text: Gold in the Street

text: Youth

text: The House on the Dune

text: Counsel for Romance

text: Gargousse

text: Miquette

text: The Mondesir Heir

text: The Acrobat

text: Prince Charming

text: Bolero

text: The Benefactor

text: Behold Beatrice

text: Not So Stupid

text: The Heart on the Sleeve

text: A Certain Mister

text: Tuesday's Guest

text: Old Boys of Saint-Loup

text: Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman

text: Rome Express

text: Wonderful Mentality

text: Virgile

text: Le Secret d'Hélène Marimon

text: The Beautiful Otero

text: Escalier de service

text: Les Intrigantes

text: Mam'zelle Nitouche

text: Scènes de ménage

text: Les Impures

text: Les Diaboliques

text: Papa, maman, ma femme et moi

text: Comme un cheveu sur la soupe

text: Meeting in Paris

text: Women's Club

text: La Tour, prends garde !

text: Marie of the Isles

text: Captain Fracasse

text: Girl on the Road

text: Monsieur

text: The Lace Wars

text: Georges van Parys

text: data.bnf.fr

categories: 20th-century classical composers,20th-century French composers,French operetta composers,French film score composers,Male film score composers,1902 births,French classical composers,French opera composers,Musicians from Paris,1971 deaths,Male opera composers,Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur

paragraph: Georges Van Parys

paragraph: Georges Van Parys (7 June 1902 in Paris – 28 January 1971 in Paris) was a French composer of film music and operettas. Among his musical influences were the group Les Six, Maurice Ravel, and Claude Debussy. Later in his career he served as vice-president of the Société des auteurs, compositeurs et éditeurs de musique.

paragraph: He is buried in the cemetery at Villiers-sur-Marne.

paragraph: Section::::Operettas.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1922: "Madame la Comtesse"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923: "Une bonne à rien faire"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927: "Voila le printemps"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936: "Prends la route"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941: "Petites Annonces"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941: "L'École buissonnière"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1943: "Une femme par jour"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946: "Virginie Déjazet"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946: "Les Chasseurs d'images"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949: "La Tour Eiffel qui tue"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950: "Tristoeil et Brunehouille"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951: "L'Affaire Fualdès"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951: "La Reine-Mère"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953: "Que d'eau, que d'eau"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956: "Minnie-Moustache"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960: "Le Jeu des dames"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: "La Belle de Paris"

paragraph: With Philippe Parès :

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927: "Quand y en a pour deux"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927: "Lulu", libretto Serge Véber, Théâtre Daunou

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927: "La Petite Dame du Train bleu"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1928: "L'Eau à la bouche"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929: "Louis XIV"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1930: "Le cœur y est"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931: "Couss-Couss"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937: "Ma petite amie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945: "On cherche un roi"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957: "Le Moulin Sans-Souci"

paragraph: Section::::Partial filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Woman and the Puppet" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sailor's Song" (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Son from America" (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman" (1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zouzou" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gold in the Street" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Youth" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The House on the Dune" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Counsel for Romance" (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gargousse" (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Miquette" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mondesir Heir" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Acrobat" (1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prince Charming" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bolero" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Benefactor" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Behold Beatrice" (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Not So Stupid" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Heart on the Sleeve" (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Certain Mister" (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tuesday's Guest" (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Old Boys of Saint-Loup" (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman" (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rome Express" (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wonderful Mentality" (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Virgile" (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Secret d'Hélène Marimon" (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Beautiful Otero" (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Escalier de service" (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Intrigantes" (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mam'zelle Nitouche" (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scènes de ménage" (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Impures" (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Diaboliques" (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Papa, maman, ma femme et moi" (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Comme un cheveu sur la soupe" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meeting in Paris" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Women's Club" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Tour, prends garde !" (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marie of the Isles" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Captain Fracasse" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Girl on the Road" (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Tracassin or Les Plaisirs de la ville"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monsieur" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lace Wars " (1965)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georges van Parys on data.bnf.fr

description: composer

wikidata_label: Georges Van Parys

wikipedia_title: Georges Van Parys


text:
Paris
French
Croix de Guerre
Legion d'honneur
Lysiane Rey
Patrick Préjean
Laura Préjean
Henri Diamant-Berger
René Clair
Un Chapeau de Paille d'Italie
Sous les toits de Paris
G. W. Pabst
Die Dreigroschenoper
Viviane Romance
Suzy Delair
Danielle Darrieux
Le Miracle des loups
The Phantom of the Moulin Rouge
The Crazy Ray
The Imaginary Voyage
The Italian Straw Hat
Les Nouveaux Messieurs
The Shark
Under the Roofs of Paris
L'Opéra de quat'sous
Amourous Adventure
A Son from America
Madame Makes Her Exit
Sailor's Song
Honeymoon Trip
The Crisis is Over
Gold in the Street
Princess Tam Tam
Jenny
The Alibi
Mollenard
Unknown of Monte Carlo
Metropolitan
Cristobal's Gold
Caprices
Cecile Is Dead
Majestic Hotel Cellars
The Murderer is Not Guilty
The Scarlet Bazaar
A Missionary
Bombs on Monte Carlo

categories: French male silent film actors,1979 deaths,People from Pantin,French male film actors,1894 births,Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur,Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)

paragraph: Albert Préjean

paragraph: Albert Préjean (27 October 1894 in Paris – 1 November 1979 in Paris) was a French actor, primarily in film. He served in World War I, and was decorated with the Croix de Guerre and the Legion d'honneur. With Lysiane Rey, he was the father of Patrick Préjean, and grandfather of Laura Préjean.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Préjean shot his first five films with French director Henri Diamant-Berger between 1921 and 1923. The roles he played tended to embody the leading man for the people, generous and strong. His most lasting fame stems from his work in the films of René Clair that transition from the silent to the sound eras. These include most notably the farce "Un Chapeau de Paille d'Italie" (1928) and the musicalized melancomic "Sous les toits de Paris" (1930). When German director G. W. Pabst directed the film version of the huge Brecht-Weill musical hit "Die Dreigroschenoper" in 1931, he simultaneously shot a French-language version ("L'opéra de quat'sous") with a French lead cast. Préjean was given the coveted lead role of the underworld kingpin Mackie Messer.

paragraph: In 1929 he directed a medium-length film " L'Aventure de Luna-Park" with Daniele Parola. In addition to acting he was also a popular singer in the 1930s. He sang songs like "La Valse to Dede Montmartre".

paragraph: During World War II he continued to act in films. In March 1942, he joined a group of actors who at the invitation of the Germans visited film studios in Berlin. This was alongside French actors and actresses such as René Dary, Astor Junie, Viviane Romance, Suzy Delair and Danielle Darrieux.

paragraph: He recollected his memories in a book published in 1979 with the help of his son Patrick Préjean.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Miracle des loups" (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Phantom of the Moulin Rouge" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Crazy Ray" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Imaginary Voyage" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Italian Straw Hat" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Nouveaux Messieurs" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Shark" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Under the Roofs of Paris" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'Opéra de quat'sous" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amourous Adventure" (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Son from America" (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Madame Makes Her Exit" (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sailor's Song" (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Honeymoon Trip" (1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Crisis is Over" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gold in the Street" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Princess Tam Tam" (1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jenny" (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Alibi" (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mollenard" (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Unknown of Monte Carlo" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Metropolitan" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cristobal's Gold" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Caprices" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cecile Is Dead" (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Majestic Hotel Cellars" (1945)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Murderer is Not Guilty" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Scarlet Bazaar" (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Missionary" (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bombs on Monte Carlo" (1960)

description: French actor

wikidata_label: Albert Préjean

wikipedia_title: Albert Préjean


text: ice hockey

text: goaltender

text: Boston Blades

text: 2011 CWHL Draft

text: Voorhees, New Jersey

text: Minneapolis, Minnesota

text: Naperville, Illinois

text: Benet Academy

text: Lisle, Illinois

text: Natick, Massachusetts

text: Boston College

text: Olympic Games

text: Cammi Granato

text: Katie King

text: Boston College

text: Angela Ruggiero

text: Vancouver

text: Kelli Stack

text: Joe Biden

text: Miracle on Ice

text: Mike Eruzione

text: 2010 Four Nations Cup

categories: Ice hockey people from New Jersey,Female ice hockey goaltenders,Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics,Sportspeople from Naperville, Illinois,Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics,Clarkson Cup champions,1988 births,Boston College Eagles women's ice hockey players,Boston Blades players,Olympic silver medalists for the United States in ice hockey,American women's ice hockey players,Ice hockey people from Illinois,Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics,Living people,Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Molly Schaus

paragraph: Molly Patricia Schaus (born July 29, 1988) is an American ice hockey goaltender. She is a member of the United States women's national ice hockey team. She was drafted 2nd overall by the Boston Blades in the 2011 CWHL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Schaus was born in Voorhees, New Jersey and shortly after moved to the Minneapolis, Minnesota area. There she learned to skate on the back yard pond with her brothers, Mike and Steve. At age 7 she and her family relocated to Naperville, Illinois and began her early years of formal hockey. During these years Molly played hockey for Team Illinois. She again relocated after her freshman year in high school (Benet Academy of Lisle, Illinois) to Natick, Massachusetts. Playing for both Deerfield Academy and Assabet Valley during her high school years, she was recruited to play hockey at Boston College. After completing her Olympic Team commitment, she has now returned to Boston College to finish her senior year. Her family now lives in Natick. She has two brothers, Steven and Michael, and is the daughter of David and Cathy Schaus.

paragraph: Schaus learned to skate on a pond behind her childhood home in Minnesota, and she moved to hockey from figure skating to follow hockey-playing older brothers. The brothers also dictated her position in the goal. Then, "[w]atching Team USA take home the gold medal in 1998, during the first Olympic Games to include women’s hockey, Schaus became hooked on the sport, the team, and the players. Also she played on the 2005–06 Assabet Valley U19 girls' team ... Won five state championships, had two third-place finishes and a second-place finish at the USA Hockey Girls' National Championships ... Received two MVP awards in hockey at Deerfield ... Awarded William Jaffe Cup for sportsmanship and leadership at Deerfield .

paragraph: She became friendly with Cammi Granato, the team’s captain, who lived in a neighboring town after Schaus and her family moved from Minnesota to the Chicago area. [Schaus] plays for another member of the 1998 squad, Katie King, the head women’s hockey coach at Boston College, and is a friend and teammate of Angela Ruggiero, who was on the US squad for the Vancouver Games too."

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:NCAA.

paragraph: At the conclusion of the 2010–11 regular season, Schaus is ranked third in the NCAA in goals against average (1.42), fifth in save percentage (.941) sixth in winning percentage (.793), and tied for 11th in shutouts (4). She leads Hockey East in goals against average and save percentage and is second in winning percentage. On January 30, 2011, Schaus earned her first career assist in a 2–1 defeat of Northeastern. She stopped a slapshot which rebounded to Kelli Stack. Stack skated the length of the rink and scored a shorthanded goal, which was also the game winner.

paragraph: Schaus received the Bertagna Goaltending Award (given to the Beanpot tournament outstanding goalie)for the third time in her career following BC's win in the Beanpot Championship, the third Schaus has been a part of during her four years at the Heights.

paragraph: Molly Schaus is among 10 finalists nominated for the 2011 Patty Kazmaier Memorial Award, presented by Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine. An award of The USA Hockey Foundation, the Patty Kazmaier Memorial Award is annually bestowed upon the top player in NCAA Division I women's ice hockey. Schaus was nominated for the award in 2009, advancing to become a finalist.

paragraph: Molly Schaus earned American Hockey Coaches Association All-America honors for 2011 in capturing first-team honors. Schaus received All-America second-team recognition as a junior in 2008–09.

paragraph: At Boston College for the 2010–2011 season, Schaus topped her own school wins record this season by going 24–5–4. She was selected as the All-America First Team goaltender. The senior boasted a save percentage of .942 and 1.45 goals against average to help guide BC to the Frozen Four. Schaus ended her tenure as an Eagle with numerous school records, including saves (3,428), GAA (1.81) and wins (80).

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:USA Hockey.

paragraph: In Vancouver, Schaus did not play in the 2–0 loss in the final to Team Canada, and along with her teammates, brought home a silver medal. She was in the goal and unscored upon for 52 minutes in the opening game, a 12–1 blowout of China, with Vice President Joe Biden and 1980 "Miracle on Ice" men's hockey gold medalist and captain Mike Eruzione together in the stands. In the gold medal game of the 2010 Four Nations Cup, Molly Schaus faced 52 shots, including 20 in a scoreless third period. In overtime, Schaus faced 11 shots.

paragraph: When not playing or training, Molly loves visiting her family in Buffalo, NY, where both her parents as well as her brothers were born.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- USA Hockey :

paragraph: Two-time member of the U.S. Women's National Team for the International Ice Hockey Federation World Women's Championship (gold-2008-09) ... Member of the U.S. Women's Select Team for the 2008 Four Nations Cup (1st) ... Two-time member of the U.S. Women's Under-22 Select Team for the Under-22 Series with Canada (2007–08) ... Three-time USA Hockey Women's National Festival participant (2007–09) ... Five-time USA Hockey Player Development Camp attendee (2002–06).

paragraph: BULLET::::- College:

paragraph: As a Junior (2008–09): Completed her third season at Boston College of Hockey East ... Recorded an NCAA second-best .938 save percentage ... Ranked second in the nation with 10 shutouts ... Top-10 finalist for the Patty Kazmaier Memorial Award ... Named Hockey East First Team All-Star and earned a spot on the Hockey East All-Tournament Team ... Named to Hockey East's All-Academic Team. As a Sophomore (2007–08): Broke the school's single-season record with 920 saves ... Named to Hockey East's All-Academic Team. As a Freshman (2006–07): Led team to its first-ever NCAA Women's Frozen Four berth ... Posted a league-best .931 save percentage and school-record 1.90 GAA ... Stopped 73 shots on Feb. 6 in the Beanpot semifinal against Harvard to break the previous NCAA record of 70 and earn the Beanpot's Bertagna Award ... Made 45 and 47 saves against Dartmouth College and the University of Minnesota Duluth in back-to-back double overtime NCAA tournament games ... Hockey East Second Team All-Star selection ... Unanimous selection to the Hockey East All-Rookie Team ... Earned the Athletic Director's Award for Academic Achievement ... BC's Scholar-Athlete Award recipient ... Named to Hockey East's All-Academic Team.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 Patty Kazmaier Award nominee

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 Patty Kazmaier Award nominee

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 Bertagna Goaltending Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 All-Hockey East First Team

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 First Team All-America selection

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010–11 New England Women's Division I All-Stars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hockey East 10th Anniversary Team selection

description: American ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Molly Schaus

wikipedia_title: Molly Schaus


text:
ice hockey
defenceman
2010 Winter Olympics
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Vaughan Flames
Canadian Women's Hockey League
U.S. Olympic Team profile

categories: 1980 births,Wisconsin Badgers women's ice hockey players,Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics,Olympic silver medalists for the United States in ice hockey,American women's ice hockey players,People from Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska,Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics,Living people,Ice hockey people from Alaska

paragraph: Kerry Weiland

paragraph: Kerry Pauline Weiland (born October 18, 1980) is an American ice hockey defenceman. She was named to the United States women's ice hockey team for the 2010 Winter Olympics.

paragraph: Weiland competed for the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She also played one season for Vaughan Flames in the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL).

paragraph: Section::::Career stats.

paragraph: At the 2007 Esso Women's Nationals, the province of Ontario had a second team participate. The team was known as Team Ontario 2 and Kerry Weiland participated on the team. In addition, Weiland was named Alternate Captain.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- U.S. Olympic Team profile

description: American ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Kerry Weiland

wikipedia_title: Kerry Weiland


text:
American
snowboarder
World Cup
2008–09 FIS Snowboard World Cup
2006 Winter Olympics
Turin
parallel giant slalom
Boston College
Welles Crowther
September 11 attacks
World Trade Center
FIS Snowboard World Championships
Arosa
2007
2010 Winter Olympics

categories: Olympic snowboarders of the United States,American male snowboarders,1977 births,Snowboarders at the 2006 Winter Olympics,Snowboarders at the 2010 Winter Olympics,Living people

paragraph: Tyler Jewell

paragraph: Tyler Jewell (born February 21, 1977) is an American snowboarder who has competed since 2000. His best World Cup finish was second in the 2008–09 FIS Snowboard World Cup.

paragraph: At the 2006 Winter Olympics, in Turin, Jewell finished 11th in the parallel giant slalom event. While competing, Jewell wore a red bandana in honor of his late Boston College lacrosse teammate, Welles Crowther, who died during the September 11 attacks in 2001. Crowther, whose signature trait was a red bandana always kept with him since he was six years old, saved the lives of at least a dozen people in the South Tower of the World Trade Center before he died in its collapse.

paragraph: His best finish at the FIS Snowboard World Championships was sixth in the parallel giant slalom event at Arosa in 2007.

paragraph: It was announced on 26 January 2010 that Jewell made the US team for the 2010 Winter Olympics.

description: American snowboarder

wikidata_label: Tyler Jewell

wikipedia_title: Tyler Jewell


text: STL

text: American

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: bishop

text: Diocese of Corpus Christi

text: Texas

text: Catholic

text: Houston

text: St. Thomas High School

text: Houston

text: Bishop

text: Wendelin Joseph Nold

text: Houston

text: St. Edward's Catholic High School

text: Austin

text: St. Edward's University

text: North American College in Rome

text: Gregorian University

text: Diocese of Austin

text: Pope Paul VI

text: St. Peter's Square

text: Vatican City

text: Taylor

text: Diocese of Austin

text: Diocese of Austin

text: Waco

text: Waco

text: Diocese of Austin

text: Houston

text: College Station

text: Diocese of Austin

text: Florence, Italy

text: Hyde Park, N.Y.

text: Georgetown

text: Diocese of Austin

text: Diocese of Austin

text: Diocese of Austin

text: Houston

text: Diocese of Austin

text: Patrick Zurek

text: bishop of Amarillo.

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Cardinal

text: Daniel DiNardo

text: Archbishop of Galveston-Houston

text: Gregory Michael Aymond

text: Edmond Carmody

text: Emmanuel Boleslaus Ledvina

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

text: Roman Catholic Diocese of Austin

categories: 1949 births,American Roman Catholic bishops,St. Edward's University alumni,Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas alumni,Pontifical Gregorian University alumni,St. Thomas High School (Houston, Texas) alumni,Living people,American Roman Catholic clergy of Irish descent

paragraph: William Mulvey

paragraph: William Michael Mulvey STL (born August 23, 1949) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who has served as bishop of the Diocese of Corpus Christi, Texas since 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and education.

paragraph: Mulvey is the second of the six children of Daniel H. Mulvey Jr. and Marjorie Jane Patterson Mulvey. His siblings are Dan, Martha, John, Tim and Kim. He has 12 nieces and nephews. All of his education was completed at Catholic schools including St. Theresa and St. Cecilia in Houston and St. Thomas High School in Houston (1963–1966). He was confirmed by Bishop Wendelin Joseph Nold at St. Cecilia Parish in Houston. He attended St. Edward's Catholic High School in Austin (1967) and St. Edward's University, where he graduated in 1971 with a BBA. He attended seminary at the North American College in Rome 1971-1976, earning in 1971-1974 his bachelor's degree in Sacred Theology from Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, "Angelicum" and 1974–1976 his licentiate (master's degree) in Sacred Theology from the Gregorian University.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Ordination and ministry.

paragraph: Mulvey was ordained to the priesthood for the service of the Diocese of Austin on June 29 in the Jubilee Year of 1975 by Pope Paul VI in St. Peter's Square, Vatican City, one of 359 priests ordained by the Pope on that occasion.

paragraph: As a priest of the Diocese of Austin, Bishop-elect Mulvey had the following assignments:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976–1977: Associate Pastor St. Mary/Our Lady of Guadalupe Parishes in Taylor in the Diocese of Austin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977–1980: Associate Pastor St. Louis Parish in the Diocese of Austin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980–1981: Further studies on a sabbatical with the Focolare Movement

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981–1986: Chaplain to Reicher Catholic High School in Waco

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984–1986: Pastor of St. Joseph Parish in Waco in the Diocese of Austin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986–1992: Director of Spiritual Formation at St. Mary's Seminary in Houston

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992–1995: Pastor of St. Thomas Aquinas Parish in College Station in the Diocese of Austin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995–1997: Associate Director of Center for Spirituality for Diocesan Priests of the Focolare Movement in Florence, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997–1999: Director of Center for Spirituality for Diocesan Priests of the Focolare Movement in Hyde Park, N.Y.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999–2004: Pastor of St. Helen Parish in Georgetown in the Diocese of Austin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004–2007: Chancellor of the Diocese of Austin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007–2009: Vicar General of the Diocese of Austin

paragraph: BULLET::::- August 2009: Vice Rector, St. Mary's Seminary in Houston

paragraph: BULLET::::- August 24, 2009: Elected administrator of the Diocese of Austin

paragraph: Bishop Mulvey is one of two former pastors of St. Thomas Aquinas Parish in College Station who were elevated to bishop. The other is Patrick Zurek, bishop of Amarillo.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Bishop of Corpus Christi.

paragraph: Mulvey was appointed to Corpus Christi diocese by Pope Benedict XVI on January 18, 2010 and consecrated a bishop on March 25, 2010 by Cardinal Daniel DiNardo, Archbishop of Galveston-Houston. His principal co-consecrators were New Orleans Archbishop Gregory Michael Aymond (who had been Bishop of Austin, Mulvey's home diocese, before going to Louisiana in 2009), and his immediate predecessor as Bishop of Corpus Christi, Bishop Edmond Carmody.

paragraph: Mulvey is the first Bishop of Corpus Christi to be named without prior episcopal experience since 1921, when Emmanuel Boleslaus Ledvina was appointed to the position.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Austin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Corpus Christi

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: William Mulvey

wikipedia_title: William Mulvey


text:
FRSE
Glasgow
Glasgow
Glasgow University
Glasgow School of Art
Sir John Murray
bathymetric
lochs
tardigrade
bdelloid
rotifer
Royal Society of Edinburgh
Sir John Murray
George Chrystal
James Burgess
Thomas Nicol Johnston
Shackleton
Nimrod Expedition
base camp
George Edward Marston
Percy Fawcett
Henry Costin
tropical region
Tambopata
La Paz
Royal Geographical Society
ill-fated "Karluk"
Robert Bartlett
Wrangel Island
Herald Island
Inuit
Angus Macfadyen
The Lost City of Z
Clare Island Survey

categories: Scottish explorers,British polar explorers,Year of death uncertain,20th-century explorers,1865 births,Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,1914 deaths

paragraph: James Murray (biologist)

paragraph: Dr James Murray FRSE (21 July 1865, Glasgow – February 1914) was a biologist and explorer.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: He was born at 50 Charlotte Street in Glasgow the son of William Murray, a grocer, and his wife, Janet McMurray. He studied Zoology at Glasgow University and took art classes at Glasgow School of Art.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1902, he assisted the oceanographer, Sir John Murray, with a bathymetric survey of Scottish freshwater lochs. Murray undertook both biological and bathymetric surveys. In particular, he contributed to tardigrade and bdelloid rotifer science: describing 113 species and forma of rotifer and 66 species of tardigrade.

paragraph: In July 1907, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir John Murray, George Chrystal, James Burgess and Thomas Nicol Johnston. He was awarded the Society's Neil Prize for the period 1909-11.

paragraph: In 1907, at the age of 41, he served under Shackleton on the Nimrod Expedition where he was in charge of the base camp. In 1913, he co-wrote a book about the expedition, titled "Antarctic Days", with George Edward Marston (1882–1940), a fellow member of the expedition.

paragraph: In 1911, aged 46, he joined with the explorer Percy Fawcett, Henry Costin and Henry Manley to explore and chart the jungle in the region of the Peru-Bolivian border. Murray, unused to the rigors of the tropical regions, fared poorly. Eventually Fawcett diverted the expedition to get Murray out, such was his condition. He briefly dropped out of sight, having been recovering in a house in Tambopata. He reached La Paz in 1912, learning that he was thought to have died.

paragraph: Murray, angry at perceived mistreatment at Fawcett's hands, wanted to sue. However friends at the Royal Geographical Society advised him against it.

paragraph: Section::::Final expedition and disappearance.

paragraph: In June 1913, he joined a Canadian scientific expedition to the Arctic aboard the ill-fated "Karluk" as oceanographer. The ship became trapped in the Arctic ice in August 1913. Eventually, Murray and three others, dissatisfied with Captain Robert Bartlett's leadership, decided to try to reach safety on their own, and, after signing a letter absolving the captain of responsibility and after receiving supplies from him, they departed across the ice on February 5th to try to reach Wrangel Island or Herald Island. They were last seen experiencing major difficulties a few days later by three people returning from another mission (ship's steward Ernest Chafe, and two Inuit, Kataktovik and Kuraluk), but they refused to return to the ship. The only subsequent hint of their fate was a sailor's scarf belonging to one of them (seaman Stanley Morris), later found buried in an ice floe.

paragraph: Murray and his three companions are presumed to have died in the Arctic in February 1914.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1892, he married Mary Lyall.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.:Film.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray was portrayed by Angus Macfadyen in the 2016 film "The Lost City of Z".

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1905. The Tardigrada of the Scottish Lochs. "Trans. R. Soc. Edinb"., 41: 677 - 698

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1905. Microscopic life of St. Kilda. "Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist"., 54: 94 - 96

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1905. The Tardigrada of the Forth Valley. "Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist"., 55: 160 - 164

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1906. The Tardigrada of the Forth Valley. Part II. "Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist.", 60: 214 - 217

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1906. Scottish National Antarctic Expedition: Tardigrada of the South Orkneys. "Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb.", 45: 323 - 339

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1906. Scottish Alpine Tardigrada. "Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist.", 57: 25 - 30

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1906. Scottish Alpine Tardigrada. "Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist.", 60: 214 - 217

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1907. Water-bears or Tardigrada. "Quekett Micr. Club", 10: 55 - 70

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1907. Arctic Tardigrada, collected by Wm. S. Bruce. "Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh", 45: 669 - 681

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1907. Some Tardigrada of the Sikkim Himalaya. "J. Roy. Microsc. Soc.", 1907: 269 - 273

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1907. Encystment of Tardigrada. "Trans. R. Soc. Edinb.", 45: 837 - 854

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1907. Some South African Tardigrada. "J. R. Micr. Soc. London", 5: 515 - 524

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1907. Some Tardigrada from the Sikkim Himalaya, "Journ. R. Micr. Soc"., pt. 3: 269 - 273, pl. 14

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1907. The encystment of Macrobiotus. "The Zoologist", 11: 4 - 11

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1907. Scottish Tardigrada collected by the Lake Survey. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, 45: 641 - 668

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1910. "Tardigrada. British Antarctic Expedition 1907 - 1909". Reports on the Scientific Investigations. Vol. 1 Biology (Part V): 83 - 187 (plates 14 - 21)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1910. "Canadian Tardigrada". In Report for the Scientific Investigation of the British Antarctic Expedition 1907 - 1909. Volume I. London: 158 - 178

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1911. Water-bears or Tardigrada. "J. Quekett Micr. Club.", 11: 181 - 198

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1911. Arctiscoida. "Proc. R. Ir. Acad.", 31: 1 - 16

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1911. Scottish Tardigrada, a review of our present knowledge. "Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist.", 78: 88 - 95

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1911. Clare Island Survey: Arctiscoidea. "Proc. Roy. Irish Acad.", Dublin, 31: 1 - 16

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1913. African Tardigrada. "J. R. Micr. Soc. London," pt. 2: 136 - 144

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, J., 1913. Notes on the Natural History of Bolivia and Peru. "Scottish Oceanogr. Lab., Edinburgh": 1 - 45 (Tardigrada, pp. 28 – 30)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Niven, Jennifer (2001). "The Ice Master". London: Pan Books. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shackleton, "Heart of the Antarctic".

description: British biologist and explorer

wikidata_label: James Murray

wikipedia_title: James Murray (biologist)


text: American

text: snowboarder

text: 2006 Winter Olympics

text: Turin

text: snowboard cross

text: FIS Snowboard World Championships

text: Gangwon

text: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: BYU Television

text: The Generations Project

categories: American sportspeople of Japanese descent,Olympic snowboarders of the United States,American male snowboarders,American people of Japanese descent,Snowboarders at the 2006 Winter Olympics,Snowboarders at the 2010 Winter Olympics,X Games athletes,Living people,1982 births

paragraph: Graham Watanabe

paragraph: Graham Watanabe (born March 19, 1982) is an American snowboarder who has competed since 1996. He won three events in snowboardcross between 2004 and 2009.

paragraph: At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Watanabe finished 31st in the snowboard cross event. His best finish at the FIS Snowboard World Championships was sixth in the snowboard cross event at Gangwon in 2009.

paragraph: It was announced on 26 January 2010, that Watanabe made the US team for the 2010 Winter Olympics. Although Watanabe did not qualify for the quarter finals in Vancouver, he described his Olympic experience,when he said, "Try to imagine Pegasus mating with a unicorn and the creature that they birth; I somehow tame it and ride it into the sky in the clouds and sunshine and rainbows. That's what it feels like."

paragraph: He was a subject in an episode of BYU Television's The Generations Project documentary series in 2012.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Concierge Questionnaire-Graham Watanabe Interview" www.conciergequestionnaire.com 5 June 2009. Retrieved 31 January 2010.

description: American snowboarder

wikidata_label: Graham Watanabe

wikipedia_title: Graham Watanabe


text: Scottish

text: Scottish Renaissance

text: Poet Laureate

text: The Scots Makar

text: Glasgow

text: Rutherglen

text: Presbyterian

text: University of Glasgow

text: World War II

text: non-combatant

text: conscientious objector

text: Royal Army Medical Corps

text: Glasgow LGBT Centre

text: Our Story Scotland

text: Scottish Parliament

text: Edinburgh

text: Liz Lochhead

text: Idlewild

text: The Remote Part

text: Ballads of the Book

text: Karine Polwart

text: Nobel Laureate

text: Seamus Heaney

text: Hugh MacDiarmid

text: Robert Garioch

text: Norman MacCaig

text: Iain Crichton Smith

text: George Mackay Brown

text: Sorley MacLean

text: pneumonia

text: Alex Salmond

text: Iain Gray

text: Carol Ann Duffy

text: UK Poet Laureate

text: First Minister of Scotland

text: Alex Salmond

text: Scottish National Party

text: Inverness

text: Scotland

text: sonnet

text: concrete poetry

text: Latin

text: Old English

text: beat

text: Sauchiehall Street

text: Liz Lochhead

text: Third Eye Centre

text: Cecilia Vicuña

text: Phèdre

text: Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize

text: PEN Memorial Medal

text: OBE

text: Saltire Society Scottish Book of the Year Award

text: Soros Translation Award

text: Stakis Prize for Scottish Writer of the Year

text: Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry

text: Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize

text: Saltire Society

text: Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun

text: Jackie Forster Memorial Award for Culture

text: Scottish Arts Council

text: T. S. Eliot Prize

text: Scottish Arts Council Book of the Year Award

text: Edwin Morgan official site

text: The Edwin Morgan Archive at the Scottish Poetry Library

text: Profile at Modern Scottish Writers

text: Enitharmon Press

text: BBC Scotland biography and bibliography

text: "Strawberries"

categories: Scottish poets,Deaths from pneumonia,Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature,People from Rutherglen,Scottish conscientious objectors,Academics of the University of Glasgow,2010 deaths,Scottish Renaissance,1920 births,People from Glasgow,Alumni of the University of Glasgow,Articles with inconsistent citation formats,Infectious disease deaths in Scotland,21st-century British male writers,Officers of the Order of the British Empire,British Poetry Revival,Royal Army Medical Corps soldiers,LGBT writers from Scotland,Hungarian–English translators,Gay writers,Scots Makars,20th-century Scottish poets,Scottish science fiction writers,Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,British Army personnel of World War II,21st-century Scottish poets,People educated at Rutherglen Academy,20th-century translators,People educated at the High School of Glasgow,20th-century Scottish writers,LGBT poets,Scottish translators,21st-century Scottish writers,Scottish male poets,21st-century translators,Scottish scholars and academics,Scottish soldiers

paragraph: Edwin Morgan (poet)

paragraph: Edwin George Morgan (27 April 1920 – 17 August 2010) was a Scottish poet and translator who was associated with the Scottish Renaissance. He is widely recognised as one of the foremost Scottish poets of the 20th century. In 1999, Morgan was made the first Glasgow Poet Laureate. In 2004, he was named as the first Scottish national poet: The Scots Makar.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Morgan was born in Glasgow and grew up in Rutherglen. His parents were Presbyterian. As a child he was not surrounded by books, nor did he have any literary acquaintances. Schoolmates labelled him a swot. He convinced his parents to finance his membership of several book clubs in Glasgow. The "Faber Book of Modern Verse" (1936) was a "revelation" to him, he later said.

paragraph: Morgan entered the University of Glasgow in 1937. It was at university that he studied French and Russian, while self-educating in "a good bit of Italian and German" as well. After interrupting his studies to serve in World War II as a non-combatant conscientious objector with the Royal Army Medical Corps, Morgan graduated in 1947 and became a lecturer at the University. He worked there until his retirement as a full professor in 1980.

paragraph: Morgan described 'CHANGE RULES!' as 'the supreme graffito', whose liberating double-take suggests both a lifelong commitment to formal experimentation and his radically democratic left-wing political perspectives. From traditional sonnet to blank verse, from epic seriousness to camp and ludic nonsense; and whether engaged in time-travelling space fantasies or exploring contemporary developments in physics and technology, the range of Morgan's voices is a defining attribute.

paragraph: Morgan first outlined his sexuality in "Nothing Not Giving Messages: Reflections on his Work and Life" (1990). He had written many famous love poems, among them "Strawberries" and "The Unspoken", in which the love object was not gendered; this was partly because of legal problems at the time but also out of a desire to universalise them, as he made clear in an interview with Marshall Walker. At the opening of the Glasgow LGBT Centre in 1995, he read a poem he had written for the occasion, and presented it to the Centre as a gift.

paragraph: In 2002, he became the patron of Our Story Scotland. At the Opening of the Scottish Parliament building in Edinburgh on 9 October 2004, Liz Lochhead read a poem written especially for the occasion by Morgan, titled "Poem for the Opening of the Scottish Parliament". She was announced as Morgan's successor as Scots Makar in January 2011.

paragraph: Near the end of his life, Morgan reached a new audience after collaborating with the Scottish band Idlewild on their album "The Remote Part". In the closing moments of the album's final track "In Remote Part/ Scottish Fiction", he recites a poem, "Scottish Fiction", written specifically for the song.

paragraph: In 2007, Morgan contributed two poems to the compilation "Ballads of the Book", for which a range of Scottish writers created poems to be made into songs by Scottish musicians. Morgan's songs "The Good Years" and "The Weight of Years" were performed by Karine Polwart and Idlewild respectively.

paragraph: Nobel Laureate Seamus Heaney "[paid] formal homage" during a 2005 visit.

paragraph: In later life Morgan was cared for at a residential home as his health worsened. He published a collection in April 2010, months before his death, titled "Dreams and Other Nightmares" to mark his 90th birthday. Up until his death, he was the last survivor of the canonical 'Big Seven' (the others being Hugh MacDiarmid, Robert Garioch, Norman MacCaig, Iain Crichton Smith, George Mackay Brown, and Sorley MacLean).

paragraph: On 17 August 2010, Edwin Morgan died of pneumonia in Glasgow, Scotland, at the age of 90. The Scottish Poetry Library made the announcement in the morning. Tributes came from, among others, politicians Alex Salmond and Iain Gray, as well as Carol Ann Duffy, the UK Poet Laureate.

paragraph: Section::::Testamentary provisions.

paragraph: First Minister of Scotland Alex Salmond's leader's speech to the Scottish National Party Conference at Inverness on 22 October 2011 referred to Morgan's bequest of £918,000 to the party in his will as "transformational". The next day it was announced that all of the bequest would be used for the party's independence referendum campaign. Morgan also left £45,000 to a number of friends, former colleagues and charity organisations and set aside another £1 million for the creation of an annual award scheme for young poets in Scotland.

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.

paragraph: Morgan worked in a wide range of forms and styles, from the sonnet to concrete poetry. His "Collected Poems" appeared in 1990. He has also translated from a wide range of languages, including Russian, Hungarian, French, Italian, Latin, Spanish, Portuguese, German and Old English ("Beowulf"). Many of these are collected in "Rites of Passage. Selected Translations" (1976). His 1952 translation of "Beowulf" has become a standard translation in America.

paragraph: Morgan was also influenced by the American beat poets, with their simple, accessible ideas and language being prominent features in his work.

paragraph: In 1968 Morgan wrote a poem entitled "Starlings In George Square". This poem could be read as a comment on society's reluctance to accept the integration of different races. Other people have also considered it to be about the Russian Revolution in which "Starling" could be a reference to "Stalin".

paragraph: Other notable poems include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Death of Marilyn Monroe" (1962) – an outpouring of emotion after the death of one of the world's most talented women.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Billy Boys" (1968) – flashback of the gang warfare in Glasgow led by Billy Fullerton in the Thirties.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Glasgow 5 March 1971" – robbery by two youths by pushing an unsuspecting couple through a shop window on Sauchiehall Street

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Snackbar" – concise description of an encounter with a disabled pensioner in a Glasgow restaurant.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Good Year for Death" (26 September 1977) – a description of five famous people from the world of popular culture who died in 1977

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poem for the Opening of the Scottish Parliament" – which was read by Liz Lochhead at the opening ceremony because he was too ill. (9 October 2004)

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dies Irae", 1952 - first published in "Poems of Thirty Years", Carcanet New Press, 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beowulf: A Verse Translation into Modern English", Hand and Flower Press, 1952

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Vision of Cathkin Braes and Other Poems", William MacLellan, 1952

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cape of Good Hope" (limited edition), Pound Press, 1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poems from Eugenio Montale" (translator), School of Art, University of Reading, 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sovpoems: Brecht, Neruda, Pasternak, Tsvetayeva, Mayakovsky, Martynov, Yevtushenko (translator) Migrant Press, 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collins Albatross Book of Longer Poems (editor) Collins, 1963

paragraph: BULLET::::- Starryveldt Eugen Gomringer Press, 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emergent Poems Hansjörg Mayer, 1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gnomes Akros publications, 1968

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Second Life Edinburgh University Press, 1968

paragraph: BULLET::::- Selected Poems of Sándor Weöres and Selected Poems of Ferenc Juhász (translator and introduction for Sándor Weöres) Penguin, 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Horseman's Word: Concrete Poems Akros, 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- Twelve Songs Castlelaw Press, 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- Glasgow Sonnets Castlelaw Press, 1972

paragraph: BULLET::::- Instamatic Poems Ian McKelvie, 1972

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wi the haill voice: 25 poems by Vladimir Mayakovsky (translator and glossary) Carcanet, 1972

paragraph: BULLET::::- From Glasgow to Saturn Carcanet, 1973

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nuspeak8: Being a Visual Poem by Edwin Morgan Scottish Arts Council, 1973

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Whittrick: a Poem in Eight Dialogues Akros, 1973

paragraph: BULLET::::- Essays Carcanet, 1974

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fifty Renascence Love-Poems (translator) Whiteknights Press, 1975

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rites of Passage (translator), 1976

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edwin Morgan: an interview by Marshall Walker Akros, 1977

paragraph: BULLET::::- The New Divan, 1977

paragraph: BULLET::::- Selected poems by August Graf von Platen-Hallermünde (translator) Castlelaw Press, 1978

paragraph: BULLET::::- Star Gate: Science Fiction Poems Third Eye Centre, 1979

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish Satirical Verse (compiler) Carcanet, 1980

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grendel Mariscat, 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poems of Thirty Years, Carcanet New Press, 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Apple-Tree (modern version of a medieval Dutch play) Third Eye Centre, 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grafts Mariscat, 1983

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonnets from Scotland Mariscat, 1984

paragraph: BULLET::::- Selected Poems, 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- From the Video Box Mariscat, 1986

paragraph: BULLET::::- Newspoems Wacy, 1987

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tales from Limerick Zoo (illustrated by David Neilson) Mariscat, 1988

paragraph: BULLET::::- Themes on a Variation, 1988

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collected Poems (republished 1996 with index), 1990

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crossing the Border: Essays on Scottish Literature, 1990

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nothing Not Giving Messages: Reflections on his Work and Life (edited by Hamish Whyte) Polygon, 1990

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hold Hands Among the Atoms: 70 Poems Mariscat, 1991

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edmond Rostand's Cyrano de Bergerac: A New Verse Translation (translator), 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fragments by József Attila (translator) Morning Star Publications, 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacCaig, Morgan, Lochhead: Three Scottish Poets (edited and introduced by Roderick Watson) Canongate, 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cecilia Vicuña:PALABRARmas/WURDWAPPINschaw Morning Star Publications, 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sweeping Out the Dark, 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- Long Poems – But How Long? (W. D. Thomas Memorial Lecture) University of Wales, Swansea, 1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collected Translations, 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Columba: The Maker on High (translator) Mariscat, 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- Virtual and Other Realities, 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chistopher Marlowe's Dr Faustus (a new version) Canongate, 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- Demon Mariscat, 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- A.D.: A Trilogy of Plays on the Life of Jesus Carcanet, 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Racine: Phaedra (translation of Phèdre), 2000 (Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize)

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Selected Poems, 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attila József: Sixty Poems (translator) Mariscat, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cathures, 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Love and a Life: 50 Poems by Edwin Morgan Mariscat, 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Battle of Bannockburn (translator) SPL in association with Akros and Mariscat, 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tales from Baron Munchausen Mariscat, 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Play of Gilgamesh, 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thirteen Ways of Looking at Rillie Enitharmon, 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Book of Lives, 2007

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972 PEN Memorial Medal (Hungary)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 OBE

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 Saltire Society Scottish Book of the Year Award for "Poems of Thirty Years"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 Soros Translation Award (New York)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 Stakis Prize for Scottish Writer of the Year for "Virtual and Other Realities"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize for "Jean Racine: Phaedra"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 The Saltire Society's Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun award for notable service to Scotland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 Jackie Forster Memorial Award for Culture

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 Lifetime Achievement Award for Literature, from the Saltire Society and the Scottish Arts Council

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 T. S. Eliot Prize for "A Book of Lives".

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 Scottish Arts Council Book of the Year Award

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edwin Morgan official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Edwin Morgan Archive at the Scottish Poetry Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Modern Scottish Writers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Enitharmon Press website

paragraph: BULLET::::- BBC Scotland biography and bibliography website

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Strawberries" via "The Guardian"

description: Scottish poet and translator

wikidata_label: Edwin Morgan

wikipedia_title: Edwin Morgan (poet)


text: Umayyad caliph

text: Al-Walid I

text: North Africa

text: Ifriqiya

text: Visigothic Kingdom

text: Hispania

text: Lakhmid

text: Euphrates

text: Sassanians

text: Banu Bakr

text: Ayn al-Tamr

text: al-Baladhuri

text: Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan

text: governor of Egypt

text: Marwan I

text: Iraq

text: Abd al-Malik

text: Bishr ibn Marwan

text: Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan

text: Ifriqiya

text: Hasan ibn al-Nu'man

text: Morocco

text: Byzantine

text: Tariq bin Ziyad

text: Ifriqiya

text: conquest of North Africa

text: Ifriqiya

text: Tangiers

text: Sous

text: Morocco

text: Byzantine

text: Ibiza

text: Majorca

text: Menorca

text: Straits of Gibraltar

text: Julian, Count of Ceuta

text: Roderic

text: Roderic

text: Tarifa

text: Tariq bin Ziyad

text: Battle of Guadalete

text: Seville

text: Lusitania

text: Abd al-Aziz

text: Coimbra

text: Santarém

text: Murcia

text: Theodemir

text: Orihuela

text: Alicante

text: Solomon

text: Mughith al-Rumi

text: al-Walid I

text: Damascus

text: Zaragoza

text: León

text: León

text: Astorga

text: Oviedo

text: Bay of Biscay

text: Al-Andalus

text: Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik

text: Al-Walid I

text: Al-Walid I

text: Solomon

text: Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa

text: Roderic

text: Ifriqiya

text: Maghreb

text: Tangiers

text: Sous

text: Uqba ibn Nafi

text: Jebel Musa

text: Ibn Battuta

text: Al-Bakri

text: Zaragoza

text: ibn al-Faqih

text: Qayrawan

text: One Thousand and One Nights

text: Ibn Abd al-Hakam

text: Umayyad conquest of North Africa

text: Umayyad conquest of Hispania

text: Al-Andalus

text: Al-Bakri

text: al-Baladhuri

text: Kitab Futuh al-Buldan

text: Phillip Hitti

text: Ibn Abd al-Hakam

text: Torrey

text: Torrey

text: Ibn al-Faqih al-Hamadānī

text: Pascual de Gayangos y Arce

text: al-Maqqari

categories: 7th-century Arabs,8th-century Muslims,7th-century Moroccan people,Medieval Moroccan people,Umayyad governors of Ifriqiya,Generals of the Umayyad Caliphate,8th-century Arabs,7th-century Muslims,640 births,8th-century Al-Andalus people,Umayyad conquest of Hispania,Umayyad governors of al-Andalus,Arab generals,8th-century Moroccan people,Al-Andalus military personnel,716 deaths

paragraph: Musa ibn Nusayr

paragraph: Musa bin Nusayr ( "Mūsá bin Nuṣayr"; 640–716) served as a Umayyad governor and a Arab general under the Umayyad caliph Al-Walid I. He ruled over the Muslim provinces of North Africa (Ifriqiya), and directed the Islamic conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom in Hispania (Spain, Portugal, Andorra and part of France).

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Various suggestions have been made as to his ancestry. Some say his father belonged to the Lakhmid clan of seminomads who lived east of the Euphrates and were allies of the Sassanians, while others claim he belonged to the Banu Bakr confederation. The most detailed account is that of at-Tabari who stated that Musa's father was taken captive after the fall of the Mesopotamian city of Ayn al-Tamr (633). According to this account, he was an Arab Christian who was one of a number being held hostage there. However, al-Baladhuri, relating the same events, states he was an Arab of the Balī tribe, from Jabal al-Jalīl in Syria.

paragraph: As a slave, Musa's father entered the service of Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan (governor of Egypt and son of the caliph Marwan I) who gave him his freedom. He returned to Syria where Musa was born at a place called Kafarmara or Kafarmathra. The date of his birth has been given as 640.

paragraph: Musa was made co-governor of Iraq by the caliph Abd al-Malik, together with the caliph's brother Bishr ibn Marwan. There was some quarrel over missing tax money, and Musa was given the choice: pay a huge fine, or pay with his head. His father's patron, Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan, had a high opinion of Musa, and paid the ransom; he was later responsible for appointing Musa to be governor of Ifriqiya.

paragraph: Section::::Islamic conquest of Maghrib.

paragraph: Hasan ibn al-Nu'man was sent to continue the Islamic conquest in North Africa all the way to Morocco. However, his policies were quite strict and he did not tolerate Berber traditions. He was relieved of his command for allowing continuing Byzantine attacks. Musa bin Nusayr was then sent to renew the attacks against the Berbers. But he did not impose Islam by force, rather, he respected Berber traditions and used diplomacy in subjugating them. This proved highly successful, as many Berbers converted to Islam and even entered his army as soldiers and officers, possibly including Tariq bin Ziyad who would lead the later Islamic expedition in Iberia.

paragraph: Section::::Islamic conquest of Maghrib.:Governor.

paragraph: In 698 Musa was made the governor of Ifriqiya and was responsible for completing the conquest of North Africa and of the Balearic Islands and Sardinia. He was the first governor of Ifriqiya not to be subordinate to the governor of Egypt. He was the first Muslim general to take Tangiers and occupy it; his troops also conquered the Sous, effectively taking control of all of modern Morocco. He also had to deal with constant attacks from the Byzantine navy and he built a navy that would go on to conquer the islands of Ibiza, Majorca, and Menorca.

paragraph: Section::::Conquest of Al-Andalus.

paragraph: Section::::Conquest of Al-Andalus.:Background.

paragraph: Muslim and Christian sources quote that while Musa bin Nusayr was eager to cross the Straits of Gibraltar to Hispania, he determined to do so only when a Visigoth nobleman, Julian, Count of Ceuta, had encouraged him to invade Iberia, telling him of the people's sufferings and the injustice of their king, Roderic, while giving him cause for conquest by telling him of the riches that would be found, and of the many palaces, gardens and beauties of Hispania. Legend tells that Julian wished the fall of the Visigothic kingdom because his daughter had been raped by Roderic.

paragraph: Section::::Conquest of Al-Andalus.:Invasion.

paragraph: After a successful minor raid on the Spanish coast at Tarifa, and the raiding force returning with a booty they captured without any reported resistance, Musa decided to land a larger invasion force. Tariq bin Ziyad crossed the strait with approximately 7,000 Berbers and Arabs, and landed at Gibraltar (from Jebel Tariq, meaning Tariq's mountain in Arabic). The expedition's purpose must have been to conduct further raids and explore the territory. Tariq's army contained some guides supplied by Julian. Three weeks after his landing, the Muslims were faced with a superior Visigoth royal army of 100,000 troops under Roderick. led by King Roderic. The Muslims won the Battle of Guadalete, and the entire Visigoth nobility was all but exterminated at the battle. The Muslims then marched towards Córdoba, bypassing several strong fortifications. The well-defended city fell, and Tariq established a garrison there consisting mainly of the city's Jews who welcomed the invaders, having been subjected to conversion from the Visigoths for centuries. Tariq then continued on his way to Toledo.

paragraph: Musa, learning of Tariq's successes, landed in Iberia with an army of 18,000 Berbers and Arabs. He planned to rendezvous with Tariq at Toledo, but first proceeded to take Seville, which Tariq had bypassed, and where Musa met stiff resistance, and succeeded after three months of siege. He then campaigned in the province of Lusitania, eliminating the remaining Gothic resistance there. His last destination before meeting Tariq was to subdue Mérida, capital of Lusitania. After five months of siege and inconclusive fighting, a group of Ceutans pretended to be Christian reinforcements and managed to convince the guards into opening the gates. Once inside, the "reinforcements", nearly 700, overwhelmed the guards and managed to keep the gates open for the Muslims to enter the city and capture it.

paragraph: After Mérida, Musa divided his forces, taking the majority with him to meet Tariq at Toledo where he would remain for winter. The remainder of his forces were led by his son 'Abd al-Aziz, who would return to Seville to deal with an uprising. 'Abd al-Aziz made short work of the rebellion. He then conducted several campaigns on the return journey in the territories of Lusitania. Coimbra and Santarém were captured in the spring of 714. 'Abd al-Aziz then campaigned in Murcia. The Duke of Murcia, Theodemir, or Tudmir as he was called by the Muslims, surrendered to 'Abd al-Aziz after several hard-fought engagements in April 713. The terms imposed on Theodemir declared that the duke would keep the citadel of Orihuela and several other settlements, including Alicante and Lorca on the Mediterranean, that his followers will not be killed, taken prisoner, forced into Islam, and that their churches will not be burned. It also demanded that Theodemir not encourage or support others to resist the Muslims, and that he and every citizen of his dominion pay an annual tax in money and other goods.

paragraph: Musa finally met up with Tariq where there was an argument over the latter's booty, which reportedly included a gold table covered with gems and other precious stones that had reputedly once belonged to Solomon. Meanwhile, Musa's messenger, Mughith al-Rumi (the Roman) who had been sent to Caliph al-Walid I to inform him of the situation in Hispania, had returned. The Caliph requested Musa to withdraw and to report in person to Damascus. Musa chose to ignore this order temporarily, knowing that if he did not continue his advance, Visigoth resistance may increase and turn the tables against the Muslims. Having done so, he continued with Tariq to the north; Musa heading for Zaragoza, to which he lay siege, while Tariq continued to the provinces of León and Castile, capturing the towns of León and Astorga. Musa continued after taking Zaragoza to the north, taking Oviedo and reaching as far as the Bay of Biscay. The Islamic conquest of Iberia now complete, Musa proceeded to place governors and prefects throughout the newly conquered Al-Andalus, before returning to Damascus with most of the booty captured from the Jihad.

paragraph: Section::::Return to Damascus.

paragraph: Both conquerors of Spain were therefore summoned by the caliph to Damascus. Tariq arrived first, according to some accounts. But then the caliph was taken ill. So the caliph's brother, Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik became temporarily in charge, and asked Musa, who was arriving with a cavalcade of soldiers and spoils, to delay his grand entry into the city. He most certainly intended to claim the glories brought from the conquest for himself. But Musa dismissed this request, triumphantly entered Damascus anyway, and brought the booty before the ailing Al-Walid I, which brought Musa and Tariq unprecedented popularity amongst the people of Damascus. Al-Walid I then died a few days later and was succeeded by his brother Sulayman, who demanded that Musa deliver up all his spoils. When Musa complained, Sulayman stripped him of his rank and confiscated all the booty, including the table which had reputedly once belonged to Solomon.

paragraph: One of Musa's sons, Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa, married an Iberian woman, who was either the daughter or wife of Roderic. She asked 'Abd al-Aziz why his guests did not bow to him as they used to do in the presence of his father. It was reported that he began to force guests to bow to him. It was rumoured that he had secretly become a Christian, and a group of Arabs assassinated him, cut off his head and sent it to the caliph. Sulayman had Musa in his audience when the head arrived, and seeing whose it was, callously asked Musa if he recognized it. Musa maintained his dignity, saying he recognized it as belonging to someone who had always practiced the faith fervently, and cursed the men who had killed him. Another son, Abd Allah, who had acted as governor of Ifriqiya after Musa, was executed on the orders of the caliph on suspicion of having had killed the man who had replaced him.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Musa died naturally while on the Hajj pilgrimage with Sulayman in about the year 715–716. Because of his disgrace, and the misfortunes of his sons, there was a tendency among medieval historians of the Maghreb to attribute his deeds (the conquest of Tangiers and the Sous) to Uqba ibn Nafi.

paragraph: The Moroccan peak Jebel Musa is named for Musa bin Nusayr according to the 14th-century Berber Muslim geographer Ibn Battuta.

paragraph: Al-Bakri in his "al-Maslik wa al-Mamalik", mentions that Musa Ibn Nusayr was buried in Zaragoza.

paragraph: Section::::In legend.

paragraph: Less than 200 years after his death, Musa ibn Nusayr became the subject of fantastic legends. These tales were first recorded in the late 9th or early 10th century by ibn al-Faqih, who wrote that Musa was ordered by the caliph to investigate reports of a strange city called al-Baht. Musa marched from Qayrawan to the deserts of Spain and came upon a city that was surrounded by walls with no entrance. Those who attempted to look over the wall became entranced and jumped, laughing deliriously. Musa then proceeded to a nearby lake, which contained copper jars. When opened, a genie emerged from each one.

paragraph: A more extensive version of the same legend is recorded in "The City of Brass," a tale of the "One Thousand and One Nights", in which Musa encounters many other marvels, such as a palace filled with jewels, whose only human occupant was the embalmed corpse of a beautiful woman, guarded by two robot warriors.

paragraph: The 17th-century historian used Musa's decline in fortune as an object lesson in the vagaries of human existence, with some exaggerations: "Musa, who had conquered half the inhabited world, who had acquired so many riches, died in poverty, begging alms from passers-by, after having been abandoned by the last of his servants. Overcome by shame and misery, he wished for death, and God gave it to him. I only mention the details of Musa's death to give my contemporaries, who are poorly read, a striking example of the vicissitudes of human life."

paragraph: Probably the most extensive work to be inspired by the life of Musa is a section of the anonymous "Kitāb al-imāma w'as-siyāsa", which contains a lengthy description of his deeds accompanied by many supposed speeches and sayings. Unlike many other authors, such as Ibn Abd al-Hakam, the work is entirely favourable to Musa.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Umayyad conquest of North Africa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Umayyad conquest of Hispania

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of the Muslim Occupation of the Iberian peninsula

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Andalus

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Bakri, "Kitāb al-masālik w'al-mamālik". Spanish translation of extracts relating to Spain, E. Vidal Beltran, " Geografia de España", Textos Medievales vol. 53, Zaragoza, 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- al-Baladhuri, "Kitab Futuh al-Buldan", translated by Phillip Hitti in "The Origins of the Islamic State" (1916, 1924).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anon., "Akhbār majmūa fī fath al-andalūs wa dhikr ūmarā'ihā". Arabic text edited with Spanish translation: E. Lafuente y Alcantara, "Ajbar Machmua", Coleccion de Obras Arabigas de Historia y Geografia, vol. 1, Madrid, 1867.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ibn Abd al-Hakam, "Kitab Futuh Misr wa'l Maghrib wa'l Andalus". English translation by Torrey of portion of this 9th century work covering the period: "The Mohammedan conquest of Egypt and North Africa in the Years 643-705 A.D., translated from the Original Arabic of Ibn 'Abd-el Hakem'", "Biblical and Semitic Studies" vol. 1 (1901), 279-330 (covers North Africa only, not Spain). Critical Arabic edition of the whole work published by Torrey, Yale University Press, 1932. Spanish translation by Eliseo Vidal Beltran of the North African and Spanish parts of Torrey's Arabic text: "Conquista de Africa del Norte y de Espana", Textos Medievales #17, Valencia, 1966. An online copy of an older and less reliable (19th-century) English translation of the portion dealing only with Spain is at: Medieval Sourcebook: "The Islamic conquest of Spain"

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Benabbès: "Les premiers raids arabes en Numidie Byzantine: questions toponymiques." In "Identités et Cultures dans l'Algérie Antique", University of Rouen, 2005 ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- , "Al-Mu’nis fi Akhbar Ifriqiya wa Tunis" (1681). French translation by E. Pellisier & E. Rémusat, "Histoire de l'Afrique", Paris, 1845.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ibn al-Faqih al-Hamadānī, "Kitāb al-buldān". French translation by H. Massé: "Abrégé du Livre des Pays", Damascus, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pascual de Gayangos y Arce, "The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain." vol. 1. 1840. English translation of al-Maqqari and other authors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anon., "Kitāb al-imāma w'as-siyāsa" (9th-10th century?). English translation: Appendix E of Gayangos' "The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Brunschvig, "Ibn 'Abdalh'akam et la conquête de l'Afrique du Nord par les Arabes." "Annales de l'Institut d'Etudes Orientales", v. 6 (1942–44) 108-155. Reprinted in "Al-Andalus", 40 (1975), pp. 129–179.

paragraph: BULLET::::- M.J. Viguera Molina, "The Muslim settlement of Spania/al-Andalus", p. 13-38 in "The Foundation of al-Andalus. Part 1: History and Society" (ed. M. Martin), Ashgate, UK, 1998 (vol. 46 of "The Foundation of the Classical Islamic World" series). Reviews all Arabic sources.

description: Umayyad general

wikidata_label: Musa ibn Nusayr

wikipedia_title: Musa ibn Nusayr


text:
Danish
Nobel
Lemvig
Haslev
Zealand
medicine
University of Copenhagen
Aarhus University
biophysics
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Paul D. Boyer
John E. Walker
Na,K-ATPase
Aarhus University
ATPase
ouabain
Nobelprize.org
Nobelprize.org

categories: Nobel laureates in Chemistry,Danish chemists,Danish Nobel laureates,1918 births,University of Copenhagen alumni,Aarhus University faculty,Danish physiologists,Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization,2018 deaths

paragraph: Jens Christian Skou

paragraph: Jens Christian Skou (; 8 October 1918 – 28 May 2018) was a Danish biochemist and Nobel laureate.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Skou was born in Lemvig, Denmark to a wealthy family. His father Magnus Martinus Skou was a timber and coal merchant. His mother Ane-Margrethe Skou took over the company after the death of his father. At the age of 15, Skou entered a boarding school in Haslev, Zealand. He graduated in medicine from the University of Copenhagen in 1944 and received his doctorate in 1954. He began working at the Aarhus University in 1947 and was appointed professor of biophysics in 1977. He retired from the Aarhus University in 1988, but kept offices at the Department of Physiology (today part of Department of Biomedicine).

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1997 he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (together with Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker) for his discovery of Na,K-ATPase , making him, at the time of his death, the last Danish Nobel laureate and the first at Aarhus University.

paragraph: Skou had taken a few years away from his clinical training in the early 1950s to study the action of local anaesthetics. He had discovered that a substance’s anaesthetic action was related to its ability to dissolve in a layer of the lipid part of the plasma membrane, the anaesthetic molecules affected the opening of sodium channels which he assumed to be protein. This, he argued, would affect the movement of sodium ions and make nerve cells inexcitable, thus causing anaesthesia.

paragraph: Skou thought that other types of membrane protein might also be affected by local anaesthetics dissolving in the lipid part of the membrane. He therefore had the idea of looking at an enzyme which was embedded in the membrane and finding out if its properties were affected by local anaesthetics. He looked at ATPase in crab nerves.

paragraph: The enzyme was there, but unfortunately its activity was very variable and he needed a highly active enzyme for his studies. Eventually he managed to discover that ATPase was most active when exposed to the right combination of sodium, potassium and magnesium ions. Only then did he realise that this enzyme might have something to do with the active movement of sodium and potassium across the plasma membrane. This idea had been postulated many years before, however, the mechanism was quite unknown.

paragraph: Skou published his findings. However, in his paper he was wary of identifying the enzyme with the active ion movement, so he left out the term “sodium-potassium pump” from the title of his paper. Indeed, he seems only gradually to have realised the importance of his discovery, and he continued his studies on local anaesthetics.

paragraph: In 1958 Skou went to a conference in Vienna to describe his work on cholinesterase. There he met Robert Post (born 1920), who had been studying the pumping of sodium and potassium in red blood cells. Post had recently discovered that three sodium ions were pumped out of the cell for every two potassium ions pumped in, and in his research he had made use of a substance called ouabain (or g-strophanthin) which had recently been shown to inhibit the pump).

paragraph: Post had not read Skou’s paper, but he was excited when Skou told him about his work with ATPase. Post asked whether the enzyme was inhibited by ouabain. At this stage Skou was unaware that ouabain inhibited the pump, but he immediately telephoned to his lab and arranged for the experiment to be done. Ouabain did indeed inhibit the enzyme, thus establishing a link between the enzyme and the sodium-potassium pump.

paragraph: Following the Nobel Prize, Skou gave several interviews recounting the story of his discoveries, and at age 94 was reported to still keep up with publications in his field. He died on 28 May 2018 in Aarhus, Denmark at the age of 99, less than five months shy of his 100th birthday.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nobelprize.org - Autobiography of Jens Christian Skou

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nobelprize.org - Jens C. Skou's Nobel Lecture on "The Identification of the Sodium-Potassium Pump"

description: Danish chemist

wikidata_label: Jens Christian Skou

wikipedia_title: Jens Christian Skou