text:
Polish
Kniaże
Poland
Sniatyn Raion
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ukraine
Theatre Academy
Kraków
Gdańsk
Leon Schiller
Wybrzeże Theatre
Bogumił Kobiela
Warsaw
Kabaret Wagabunda
Ateneum Theatre
Kazimierz Kutz
Andrzej Wajda
Ashes and Diamonds
Aleksander Ford
Marek Hłasko
Polish Film School
Wojciech Has
The Saragossa Manuscript
Truman Capote
Anton Chekhov
Jerzy Andrzejewski
Wrocław Główny railway station
Katowice
James Dean
2 Plus 1
Aktor
Film
Zbigniew Cybulski Award
A Generation
Trzy starty
Koniec nocy
The Eighth Day of the Week
Ashes and Diamonds
Night Train
Do widzenia, do jutra
Innocent Sorcerers
Rozstanie
La poupée
Love at Twenty
How to Be Loved
Zbrodniarz i panna
Giuseppe w Warszawie
The Saragossa Manuscript
Pingwin
Salto
Sam pośród miasta
Przedświąteczny wieczór
The Codes
Mistrz
Szyfry
Morderca zostawia ślad
Jowita
List of Poles
Zbigniew Cybulski

categories: Polish male stage actors,20th-century Polish male actors,Railway accident deaths in Poland,People from Sniatyn Raion,Polish cabaret performers,1927 births,Polish male film actors,1967 deaths

paragraph: Zbigniew Cybulski

paragraph: Zbigniew Hubert Cybulski (November 3, 1927 – January 8, 1967) was a Polish actor, one of the best-known and most popular personalities of the post-World War II history of Poland.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Zbigniew Cybulski was born November 3, 1927 in a small village of Kniaże near Śniatyń, Poland (now a part of Sniatyn Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine). After World War II he joined the Theatre Academy in Kraków. He graduated in 1953 and moved to Gdańsk, where he made his stage debut in Leon Schiller's Wybrzeże Theatre. Also, with his friend Bogumił Kobiela, Cybulski founded a famous student theatre, the Bim-Bom. In the early 1960s, Cybulski moved to Warsaw, where he shortly joined the Kabaret Wagabunda. He also appeared on stage at the Ateneum Theatre, one of the most modern and least conservative Warsaw-based theatres of the epoch.

paragraph: However, Cybulski is best remembered as a screen actor. He first appeared in a 1954 film "Kariera" as an extra. His first major role came in 1958, when he played in Kazimierz Kutz's "Krzyż Walecznych". The same year he also appeared as one of the main characters in Andrzej Wajda's "Ashes and Diamonds" and Aleksander Ford's "The Eighth Day of the Week" based on a short story by Marek Hłasko. From then on Cybulski was seen as one of the most notable actors of the Polish Film School and one of the "young and wrathful", as his generation of actors were called at the time.

paragraph: His most famous films, apart from "Ashes and Diamonds", include Wojciech Has' "The Saragossa Manuscript". He also acted in numerous television plays, including some based on works by Truman Capote, Anton Chekhov and Jerzy Andrzejewski.

paragraph: Cybulski died in an accident at a Wrocław Główny railway station on January 8, 1967, on his way from the film set. As he jumped on the speeding train (as he often did), he slipped on the steps, fell under the train, and was run over. He was buried in Katowice.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Cybulski remains a legend of the Polish cinema. His style of acting was revolutionary at the time, as was his image (leather clothes and big sunglasses). He was often referred to as "the Polish James Dean". Like Dean, he played nonconformist rebels, and like him he died young.

paragraph: The Polish band 2 Plus 1 recorded a tribute album to Cybulski, called "Aktor" in 1977.

paragraph: In 1996, readers of "Film" magazine awarded him the title of Best Polish Actor of All Time.

paragraph: In 1969 the Zbigniew Cybulski Award (Polish: "Nagroda im. Zbyszka Cybulskiego") for young film actors with strong individuality was introduced.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 - "A Generation" (as Kostek)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 - "Kariera"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955 - "Trzy starty" (as Mietek Leśniak)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956 - "Tajemnica dzikiego szybu"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957 - "Wraki" (as Rafał Grabień)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957 - "Koniec nocy" (as Romek)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 - "The Eighth Day of the Week" (as Piotr Terlecki)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 - "Ashes and Diamonds" (as Maciek Chełmicki)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 - "Krzyż Walecznych" (as Więcek)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 - "Night Train" (as Staszek)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 - "Do widzenia, do jutra" (as Jacek)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 - "Innocent Sorcerers" (as Edmund)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 - "Rozstanie" (as renowned actor)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962 - "La poupée"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962 - "Love at Twenty" (as Zbyszek)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962 - "How to Be Loved" (as Wiktor Rawicz)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963 - "Ich dzień powszedni" ("Their Everyday Life")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963 - "Zbrodniarz i panna"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963 - "Milczenie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963 - "Rozwodów nie będzie" (as Gruszka)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964 - "To Love"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964 - "Giuseppe w Warszawie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964 - "The Saragossa Manuscript"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965 - "Pingwin" (as Łukasz)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965 - "Salto" (as Kowalski/Malinowski)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965 - "Sam pośród miasta"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965 - "Jutro Meksyk"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966 - "Przedświąteczny wieczór"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966 - "The Codes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966 - "Mistrz"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966 - "Iluzja"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966 - "Szyfry" (as Maciek)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967 - "Cała naprzód" (as Janek)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967 - "Morderca zostawia ślad"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967 - "Jowita"

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Poles

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zbigniew Cybulski at culture.pl

description: Polish actor

wikidata_label: Zbigniew Cybulski

wikipedia_title: Zbigniew Cybulski


text:
Italian
Pisa
Giovanni Pisani
Tino di Camaino
Cathedral of Pisa

categories: Year of birth unknown,Year of death unknown,Italian male sculptors,14th-century Italian architects,Italian sculptors

paragraph: Lupo di Francesco

paragraph: Lupo di Francesco (14th century) was an Italian sculptor and architect, active in Pisa.

paragraph: He collaborated with Giovanni Pisani in the sculpting of the pulpit of the Cathedral of Pisa, later was a pupil of Tino di Camaino. In 1315, he worked as architect of the Cathedral of Pisa. He was active in 1325.

description: Italian sculptor and architect

wikidata_label: Lupo di Francesco

wikipedia_title: Lupo di Francesco


text:
professional baseball
outfielder
Chicago White Sox
Major League Baseball
2013 Major League Baseball draft
Loveland High School
Loveland, Ohio
college baseball
University of Louisville
Chicago White Sox
2013 Major League Baseball draft
Great Falls Voyagers
Arizona League White Sox
Kannapolis Intimidators
Winston-Salem Dash
Australian Baseball League
Melbourne Aces
Carolina League
Arizona Fall League
40-man roster
Charlotte Knights
Detroit Tigers
Louisville Cardinals bio

categories: Chicago White Sox players,Winston-Salem Dash players,Great Falls Voyagers players,Baseball players from Ohio,Louisville Cardinals baseball players,Chatham Anglers players,Birmingham Barons players,Major League Baseball outfielders,1991 births,Arizona League White Sox players,Glendale Desert Dogs players,Melbourne Aces players,People from Loveland, Ohio,Living people,Kannapolis Intimidators players

paragraph: Adam Engel

paragraph: Adam Trevor Engel (born December 9, 1991) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the Chicago White Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). he was drafted by the White Sox in the 19th round of the 2013 Major League Baseball draft. He made his major league debut in 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Amateur career.

paragraph: Engel attended Loveland High School in Loveland, Ohio, and played college baseball at the University of Louisville. After his junior year, he was drafted by the Chicago White Sox in the 19th round of the 2013 Major League Baseball draft.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: He signed with the White Sox and made his professional debut in 2013 with the Great Falls Voyagers, batting .301/.379/.414 with 31 stolen bases. He spent 2014 with the Arizona League White Sox, Kannapolis Intimidators and Winston-Salem Dash. After the season, he played in the Australian Baseball League for the Melbourne Aces, batting a combined .264/.335/.400 with 39 stolen bases.

paragraph: Engel played for Winston-Salem in 2015, batting .251/.335/.369 with 65 stolen bases, for whom he as a Post-Season Carolina League All Star, and in the Arizona Fall League after the season. He was named the MVP of the Arizona Fall League after leading the league with a .403 batting average with 10 stolen bases.

paragraph: In 2016 he played for three minor league teams, hitting a combined .259/.344/.406 with 45 stolen bases in 510 at bats. The White Sox added him to their 40-man roster after the 2016 season.

paragraph: On May 27, 2017, Engel was recalled from Triple-A Charlotte Knights and made his Major League debut the same day recording his first MLB hit in his third at bat against the Detroit Tigers. In the majors, he batted .166/.235/.282 with 8 stolen bases in 301 at bats. He had the lowest batting average against right-handers among all MLB hitters (140 or more plate appearances), at .147.

paragraph: In 2018, he batted .235/.279/.336 with 16 stolen bases in 429 at bats. He had the lowest fielding percentage among major league center fielders, at .981.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louisville Cardinals bio

wikidata_label: Adam Engel

wikipedia_title: Adam Engel


text: women's activist

text: University of Melbourne

text: Linnean Society

text: University of Queensland

text: The Women's College

text: Order of the British Empire

text: Brisbane

text: St Kilda

text: Oxford High School

text: Melbourne

text: King's College

text: Arthur Dendy

text: National Council of Women of Queensland

text: World War I

text: Queensland Recruiting Committee

text: Twelfth Night Theatre

text: Rhyl Hinwood

text: Great Court

categories: Australian biologists,University of Melbourne faculty,University of Melbourne alumni,1970 deaths,Place of birth missing,University of Queensland faculty,Women biologists,University of Melbourne women,1883 births,Australian Officers of the Order of the British Empire

paragraph: Freda Bage

paragraph: Anna Frederika (Freda) Bage (11 April 1883 – 23 October 1970) was an Australian biologist, university professor and principal and women's activist. Freda was born in 1883 and studied at Oxford High School for girls and Fairlight School. In 1907, Freda received her Masters of Science from the University of Melbourne and began an extensive career. Freda worked as a junior demonstrator in Biology and in 1908 won the King's College scholarship and in 1909 travelled to London working under Arthur Dendy which led Freda receiving a fellowship by the Linnean Society in 1910–11. Freda returned to the University of Melbourne where she worked as a senior demonstrator and in 1913 she was offered a job at the University of Queensland where she became a biology lecturer. On 8 February 1914 Freda became the first principal of The Women's College within the University of Queensland, which she held for 32 years. In 1928–29, Freda was president of the Australian Federation of University Women (A.F.U.W.), which names a scholarship in her honour, representing it at several conferences of the International Federation of University Women. In 1941, Freda was appointed Order of the British Empire (OBE) and in 1946 she retired. Freda Bage died in 1970 in Brisbane from cerebral arteriosclerosis.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Freda Bage was born on 11 April 1883 to Victoria, a wholesale chemist in Felton, Grimwade & Co., and his wife Mary Charlotte at St Kilda. Following her father's death in July 1891, Freda's mother took her and her two siblings to England where Freda was enrolled in the Oxford High School for girls. Upon returning to Melbourne in 1894, Freda went to Fairlight School. Inspired by her father's enthusiasm for science, in 1901 she began to study at the University of Melbourne. After failing first year, she graduated with a Bachelor of Science in 1905 and Masters of Science in 1907.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After she received her Masters of Science from the University of Melbourne in 1907, Freda worked as a junior demonstrator in Biology under the MacBain Research Scholarship and in 1908 she won a research scholarship from the Victorian Government in 1908. In 1909, she travelled to London on a King's College research scholarship where she worked under Arthur Dendy, a zoologist at the college, which led to a fellowship by the Linnean Society in 1910–11. Freda returned to the University of Melbourne where she worked as a senior demonstrator and in 1913 she was offered a job at the University of Queensland where she became a biology lecturer. She attended many of the early biology camps of the University of Queensland. On 8 February 1914 Freda became the first principal of The Women's College within the University of Queensland, which she held for 32 years. In 1915, her interest in biology and flora and fauna led her to become president of the Field Naturalists' Club and a founding member of the Barrier Reef committee. In 1923–1950, Freda became a member of the university senate.

paragraph: Freda was concerned with the organisation of women in university so she led the formation of the Queensland Women Graduates' Association (later the Queensland Association of University Women). In 1928–29, Freda was president of the Australian Federation of University Women (A.F.U.W), which names a scholarship in her honour, representing it at several conferences of the International Federation of University Women. In 1941, Freda was appointed Order of the British Empire (OBE) and in 1946 she retired. Bage was in 1951 awarded an Honorary LL.D. by the University of Queensland, the first woman so honoured.

paragraph: Section::::Women activist.

paragraph: Freda Bage advocated widely for women's rights, she travelled around Queensland encouraging women to gain support and join her university. Freda Bage took a wide interest in women's organisations, groups and activities; she was an honorary member of the National Council of Women of Queensland, in 1916 she was president of the Women's Club and in 1922–23 Fred was president of the Lyceum Club, Brisbane. Freda was concerned with the organisation of women in university so she led the formation of the Queensland Women Graduates' Association (later the Queensland Association of University Women). In 1928–29, Freda was president of the Australian Federation of University Women (A.F.U.W), which names a scholarship in her honour, representing it at several conferences of the International Federation of University Women.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In World War I Freda was a member of the Queensland Recruiting Committee and in both wars was president of university women's war work groups. Freda was an original member of the National Art Galleries' Association, the Twelfth Night Theatre and the Brisbane Repertory Society. Because of her passion for hockey, she managed the first hockey team in Australia to travel interstate, from Melbourne to Adelaide in 1908, and was president of the Queensland Women's Hockey Association in 1925–1931. Freda was a nature enthusiast, a sponsor of the arts, a motor lover and a member of many women's sport teams.

paragraph: Freda Bage died on 23 October 1970 in Brisbane from cerebral arteriosclerosis. Her will provided scholarships to schools in Melbourne, funds for the women's colleges in Melbourne and Queensland Universities and a memorial for her brother, who died at Gallipoli.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In addition to the Freda Bage fellowship, a stone grotesque was made of her by sculptor Rhyl Hinwood, and is featured within the University of Queensland Great Court. Bage is pictured behind a steering wheel, in acknowledgement of her passion for driving. Bage would act as driver to visiting Professors, transported ex-servicemen to and from hospitals after World War I, and in her retirement, travelled extensively within Australia.

description: (1883-1970) university teacher

wikidata_label: Anna Frederika Bage

wikipedia_title: Freda Bage


text:
Harbke
Braunschweig
Graf
Kloster Berge school
Magdeburg
Frederick the Great
University of Helmstedt
Duke of Braunschweig
Harz Mountains
Catherine the Great
Wernerian doctrine
Veltheimia
Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch
Wolfenbüttel
Zellerfeld

paragraph: August Ferdinand von Veltheim

paragraph: August Ferdinand von Veltheim (18 September 1741 Harbke – 2 October 1801. Braunschweig) was a German mineralogist and geologist, and came from the aristocratic family of . He was known as August Ferdinand Graf von Veltheim from 1798 after acquiring the title of 'Graf'.

paragraph: He attended the Kloster Berge school (Pädagogium) near Magdeburg between 1756 and 1758. He was introduced to the world of mining by Friedrich Anton von Heynitz, a mining official and later Minister of Industry under Frederick the Great. In 1760 he enrolled for a course on mineralogy at the University of Helmstedt. In 1763 he became financial advisor to the Duke of Braunschweig, and in this capacity made numerous trips to mines and saltworks of the region in the company of his father Friedrich August von Veltheim (1709-1775). In 1766 he was promoted to Inspector of Mines in the mineral-rich mining district of the Harz Mountains. After the death of his first son and first wife in 1779, Veltheim resigned his post and for some years withdrew from public life.

paragraph: He was appointed privy counicillor to the Duke of Braunschweig, and in 1790 was named general inspector of mines and saltworks in the western extremities of Russia by Catherine the Great. Veltheim still preferred the tranquil life of Harbke, a place to which he soon returned, where, in the grounds of , he carried on developing the widely acclaimed public gardens started by his father. His home became a gathering place for celebrities in the social, scientific and literary worlds. The Castle boasted a large library, cabinets displaying minerals and fossils, and collections of engravings.

paragraph: Veltheim planned to write a treatise on the formation of the earth, but only managed to complete the first part, 'Etwas über die Bildung des Basalts' and which was published in Leipzig in 1787; a second edition appeared in 1789. Historically this was an important work since it correctly attributed granite to arising from volcanic processes. Veltheim broke with the Wernerian doctrine, then popular in German geological science. Veltheim published very few works, and even those had a small circulation. He was awarded an honorary doctorate in science from the University of Helmstedt in 1793.

paragraph: The plant genus "Veltheimia" was named in his honour by the botanist Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch (1714-1786).

paragraph: Section::::Genealogy.

paragraph: August Ferdinand's parents were Friedrich August von Veltheim (21 October 1709 Harbke - 19 April 1775 Braunschweig) and Maria Anna Katharina Kameytsky von Elstibors (1709-1760), who had married on 19 November 1732 in Wolfenbüttel. They had produced 4 children

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sophie Charlotte von Veltheim (1735-1793),

paragraph: BULLET::::- August Ferdinand von Veltheim, Graf von Veltheim (1741-1801),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friedrich Wilhelm von Veltheim (1743-1803),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carl Christian Septimus von Veltheim auf Ostrau (1751-1796)

paragraph: August Ferdinand von Veltheim's 1st marriage was on 4 June 1771 at Harbke to Philippine Friederike von dem Bussche-Lohe (died 28 April 1778 at Zellerfeld). Their marriage produced 2 children

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friedrich Adolf Graf von Veltheim (who died young)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adelheid von Veltheim (2 January 1774 - 12 January 1821)

paragraph: A year after his wife's death August Ferdinand was married for a 2nd time on 21 May 1779 at to Ottonia Henriette von Arnim (25 January 1760 - 16 March 1803). This union produced 5 children

paragraph: BULLET::::- Röttger Graf von Veltheim (25.01.1781-27.03.1848)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner Graf von Veltheim (18.02.1785-05.06.1860)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Klara Gräfin von Veltheim(13.06.1790-?)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marianne Albertine Gräfin von Veltheim (26.02.1794-10.05.1844) x Franz Wilhelm Werner von Veltheim (10.11.1785-31.12.1839)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Armgard von Veltheim (?-?)

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grundriss einer Mineralogie. (Braunschweig, 1781)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Etwas uber die Bildung des Basalts und die vormalige Beschaffenheit der Gebirge in Deutschland. (Leipzig, 1787)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ueber der Herren Werner und Karsten - Reformen in der Mineralogie; nebst Anmerkungen über die ältere und neuere Benennung einiger Stein-Arten. (Helmstedt, 1793)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Etwas über Memnons Bildsaule, Neros Smaragd, Toreutik und die Kunst der Alten in Stein und Glas zu schneiden, als Zustse zur Abhandlung über die Reformen in der Mineralogie. (Helmstedt, 1793)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Etwas uber die Onyxgebirge des Ctesias, und den Handel der Admsten nach Ostindien. (Helmstedt, 1797)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sammlung einiger Aufsätze historischen, antiquarischen, mineralogischen und ähnlichen Inhalts. (Helmstedt, 1800)

description: German mineralogist

wikidata_label: August Ferdinand Graf von Veltheim

wikipedia_title: August Ferdinand von Veltheim


text: Norwegian

text: poet

text: Molde

text: Iceland

text: Bjørnson Festival

text: Nobel laureate

text: Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson

text: Reykjavík

text: Iceland

text: George Johnston

text: George Johnston

text: State Scholar

text: Norwegian Parliament

text: Consul General

text: Republic of Macedonia

text: Royal Norwegian Order of Merit

text: King of Norway

text: Cardinal Foley

text: Knight Commander

text: Order of the Falcon

text: President of Iceland

text: Bastian Prize

text: Norwegian Association of Literary Translators

text: Anders Jahre Cultural Prize

text: Jan Smrek Prize

text: Bratislava

text: Slovakia

text: Dobloug Prize

text: Swedish Academy

categories: 1945 births,Living people,Norwegian writers,Knights of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit

paragraph: Knut Ødegård

paragraph: Knut Ødegård (born 6 November 1945) is a Norwegian poet.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in 1945 in Molde, Norway, Ødegård made his poetic debut in 1967. Since then he has published more than fifty books, many volumes of poetry, two novels for young adults, two books about Iceland, a play, and several reinterpretations. His own works are recognized internationally as deeply original and high quality poetry and his poetry books are translated into 39 languages (2017), among these five separate collections in English.

paragraph: He was the founder and president of the Bjørnson Festival, the Norwegian International Literature Festival, held in homage to Nobel laureate Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, for a decade. He was the founder and president of Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson-Akademiet, The Norwegian Academy of Literature and Freedom of Expression, 2003-2015.

paragraph: He shares his time between a home in Molde and another in Reykjavík, Iceland.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982: "Wind over Romsdal", poems, translated by George Johnston.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989: *"Bee-Buzz, Salmon Leap" (1989), poems, translated by George Johnston.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Missa", poems, translated by Brian McNeil

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Judas Iscariot and Other Poems", translated by Brian McNeil

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Selected Poems", translated by Brian McNeil

paragraph: In Norwegian:

paragraph: Drøymaren, vandraren og kjelda. Lyrikk. Noregs Boklag, 1967

paragraph: Konsert i eit kvitt hus. Lyrikk. Noregs Boklag, 1968

paragraph: I pensjonatet. Lyrikk. Noregs Boklag, 1970

paragraph: Det mørke regnet. Lyrikk, Aschehoug, 1972

paragraph: Einar Bragi: Regn i mai. Gjendikting, Noregs Boklag, 1973

paragraph: Færøysk lyrikk. Gjendiktningar av færøysk notidslyrikk med essay. Aschehoug 1974

paragraph: Gyula Illyés: Dikt i utval. Gjendikting (s.m. Vince Sulyok). Aschehoug, 1974

paragraph: Fuglen og draumen. Barnebok. Noregs Boklag, 1974

paragraph: Ólafur Jóhann Sigurðsson: Ved brunnane. Gjendikting. Aschehoug, 1976

paragraph: Hoggormen. Skodespel. Dreyer, 1977

paragraph: Vind gjennom Romsdal. Lyrikk. Noregs Boklag, 1978

paragraph: Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, i utvalg av Knut Ødegård. Dikt. Den norske Bokklubben, 1979.

paragraph: Broder Eysteinn: Lilja. Gjendikting med essay. Tiden Norsk Forlag, 1980

paragraph: Einarr Skúlason: Geisli. Gjendikting med essay. Tiden Norsk Forlag, 1982

paragraph: Biesurr, laksesprang. Lyrikk. Cappelen, 1983

paragraph: Ørneblodet. Ungdomsbok. Tiden Norsk Forlag, 1983

paragraph: Gudehovet. Ungdomsbok. Cappelen, 1984

paragraph: Leid Henrik Ibsen ad Petri Gaut. Essay. 1989

paragraph: Moderne islandske dikt. Gjendiktingar med essay. Samlaget, 1990

paragraph: Kinomaskinist. Lyrikk. Cappelen, 1991

paragraph: Molde, mitt Molde. Dikt og prologar. Molde kommune, 1992.

paragraph: Island, øya mellom øst og vest. Sakprosa. Aschehoug, 1992

paragraph: Buktale. Lyrikk. Cappelen, 1994

paragraph: Matthias Johannessen: Om vindheim vide. Gjendikting. Cappelen forlag, 1994

paragraph: Dikt i utval (v/Kolbeinn Falkeid og Edvard Hoem). Lyrikk. Cappelen, 1995

paragraph: Milan Richter: Røter i lufta. Gjendikting med essay. Cappelen, 1996

paragraph: Missa. Lyrikk. Cappelen, 1998

paragraph: Island. Fra saga til samtid. Sakprosa. Aschehoug, 1998

paragraph: Matthías Johannessen: Salmer i atomalderen. Gjendikting. Cappelen, 2002

paragraph: Nysilt. CD s.m. Inger Johanne Brunvoll Band, 2002

paragraph: Stephensen-huset. Lyrikk. Cappelen, 2003

paragraph: Ödön von Horváth: Historier frå Wienerskogen. Drama. Samlaget, 2003

paragraph: Kringsjå. Dikt i utval (v/Thorvald Steen). Lyrikk. Cappelen, 2005

paragraph: Grøne dikt. 9 moderne irske lyrikarar. Antologi. Gjendikting med essay (s.m. Jostein Sæbøe). Cappelen, 2005

paragraph: Står om enn tårnene faller. Kyrkjespel i høve Molde domkyrkjes 50-års jubileum. 2007

paragraph: Jóhann Hjálmarsson: Storm er et vakkert ord. Gjendikting. Solum forlag, 2007

paragraph: Knut A. Ødegård sen.: Kornåker under himmelen. Dikt og essay. Fræna kommune, 2009

paragraph: Det blomstra så sinnssjukt. Lyrikk. Cappelen Damm, 2009

paragraph: Åsmund Sveen: Guten låg i graset. Dikt i utval ved Knut Ødegård og Knut Imerslund, 2009

paragraph: Glacovi od cever, covremena, norveska poesija, moderne norsk lyrikk på makedonsk, utval, redigering og innleiingsessay (s.m. Yasminka Markovska). Struga, 2009

paragraph: Friedrich Schiller: Don Carlos. Gjendikting. Samlaget, 2010

paragraph: Eksempelet Island: om hvordan nykapitalismen angriper et folk. Sakprosa, red. og artiklar. Arneberg forlag, 2010

paragraph: Olav den hellige. Spor etter helgenkongen. Essays og gjendiktingar (s.m. Lars Roar Langslet. Forlaget Press, 2011

paragraph: Mennesket i sorteringssamfunnet. Sakprosa, red. og bidrag. Arneberg forlag, 2011

paragraph: Fine spinn av draumar. Makedonske dikt. Antologi. Gjendiktingar og essay (s.m. Yasminka Markovska). Dreyers forlag, 2011

paragraph: Edda-dikt I, Voluspå og Håvåmål. Gjendikting, essay og kommentarar. Cappelen Damm, 2013

paragraph: Edda-dikt II, Gudedikt. Gjendikting, essay og kommentarar, Cappelen Damm, 2014

paragraph: Liabonden. Prosatekstar. Via Media 2014.

paragraph: Gerður Kristný: Blodhest. Gjendikting med essay. Nordsjøforlaget, 2014.

paragraph: Edda-dikt III, Heltedikt 1. Gjendikting, essay og kommentarar. Cappelen Damm, 2015

paragraph: Drankarar og galningar. Dikt i utval (v/Endre Ruset og Steinar Opstad). Cappelen Damm, 2015

paragraph: Edda-dikt IV, Heltedikt, del 2. Gjendikting, essay og kommentarar. Cappelen Damm, 2016

paragraph: UFO og englar over Holmarka. Prosatekstar. Via Media 2016

paragraph: Tida er inne. Lyrikk. Cappelen Damm, 2017

paragraph: Missa. Lydbok. ebok.no, 2017

paragraph: Section::::Distinctions.

paragraph: Ødegård is appointed a Norwegian State Scholar by the Norwegian Parliament as well as a Consul General for the Republic of Macedonia in Norway (1997) and an honorary professor of literature at the Mongolian State University of Arts and Culture, and he has received many prizes and awards for his literary work.

paragraph: Section::::Distinctions.:National orders.

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Knight of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit (1997) by the King of Norway

paragraph: Section::::Distinctions.:Foreign orders.

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem (2009), knighted by Cardinal Foley. Knight Commander (2016).

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Knight Commander of the Order of the Falcon by the President of Iceland (1995). Commander with Star (2017).

paragraph: Section::::Distinctions.:Other.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bastian Prize (1984) by the Norwegian Association of Literary Translators

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anders Jahre Cultural Prize (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jan Smrek Prize (2009) for his literary work in Bratislava, Slovakia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dobloug Prize (2011) by the Swedish Academy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Golden Medal, 1. Prize, World Congress of Poets, Taiwan (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Goden Key of Smederevo, Serbia (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- International poetry prize Le Prix Special and Mihai Eminescu medal, Academie Internationale "Mihai Eminescu", Romania (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- International poetry prize The Golden Grape, Kosovo (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ulaanbaatar international poetry prize, Mongolia (2017)

description: Norwegian writer

wikidata_label: Knut Ødegård

wikipedia_title: Knut Ødegård


text:
Voivode
principality
Wallachia
Vlad II Dracul
John Hunyadi
Battle of Kosovo (1448)
Făgăraș
Amlaș
Brasov
Hunyadi
Saxon villages
Vlad III
Drăculești
Vlad the Impaler
Vlad III Dracula
Snagov Monastery
Dealu Monastery
Snagov Monastery
Mount Athos
Koutloumousiou Monastery

categories: Rulers of Wallachia,Year of birth unknown,1456 deaths,15th-century Romanian people,House of Dănești,Burials at Dealu Monastery, Viforâta (Dâmboviţa County)

paragraph: Vladislav II of Wallachia

paragraph: Vladislav II (died c. August 20, 1456) was a Voivode or ruler of the principality of Wallachia, from 1447 to 1448, and again from 1448 to 1456. The way Vladislav II came to the throne is debatable. The most accepted view is that Vladislav assassinated Vlad II Dracul, ruler of Wallachia, and was subsequently placed on the throne by John Hunyadi, on the other, Vladislav II was helped by the Ottomans to replace Dan III which was assigned by the Hungarians.

paragraph: Section::::Conflict with John Hunyadi.

paragraph: It is not known if Vladislav II had been invited to take part in the Battle of Kosovo (1448) or not. It is certain however that he didn't send any troops in aid and as a result, John Hunyadi took back the Transylvanian possessions of Făgăraș and Amlaș on 23 April 1452. Vladislav retaliated by embargoing all Wallachian trade to Brasov county, then part of Hunyadi's Transylvania. However, on 15 November 1455, after Hunyadi informed the people of Brasov that the embargo would be lifted, Vladislav seized back Transylvanian possessions, and attacked the Făgăraș fortress and in the process burns a few Saxon villages. In response, Hunyadi gives Vlad III; a son of the rival Drăculești house of Basarab (the future Vlad the Impaler) military support and, with the help of the Saxons whose villages were burned down, disposed Vladislav II.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On August 20, 1456, Vlad II Dracul's son, Vlad III Dracula killed Vladislav in hand-to-hand combat. Although Vladislav's gravestone is marked August 22, 1456, that was the date of the engraving. He was not buried at the Snagov Monastery which he founded, instead, he was buried at the Dealu Monastery.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Vladislav founded the Snagov Monastery in 1453 where a wooden sculpted door was preserved to this day and it is exhibited at the Religious Art Museum of Bucharest. At Mount Athos in 1450, Vladislav gave Koutloumousiou Monastery a charter and gave a gift of 10000 Akçet to the St. Elijah Skit.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Information gathered from Radu R. Florescu and Raymond T. McNally "Dracula: Prince of Many Faces" Copyright: 1989

description: Prince of Wallachia

wikidata_label: Vladislav II of Wallachia

wikipedia_title: Vladislav II of Wallachia


text:
Tang Dynasty
China
the religious persecution
Huigu
Liu Zhen
chancellor
Li Deyu
Li Heng
Crown Prince
Emperor Xianzong
Emperor Jingzong
Emperor Wenzong
Li Rong
Li Yong
concubine
Consort Yang
chancellor
Li Jue
Li Chengmei
eunuch
Yang Sifu
Qiu Shiliang
Tendai
Ennin
Buddhism
Zoroastrianism
Nestorian Christianity
Manichaeism
Confucianism
Taoism
Temple for Viewing Immortals
empress dowager
Li Deyu
Cui Gong
Cui Dan
Chen Yixing
Huigu
Xiajiasi
Yaoluoge Hesa
Wamosi
Hohhot
Inner Mongolia
Yaoluoge Wuxi
Princess Taihe
Chongde Khan
Shi Xiong
Liu Congjian
Jiedushi
Changzhi
Shanxi
Liu Zhen
Yellow River
Handan
Hebei
He Hongjing
Shijiazhuang
Hebei
Wang Yuankui
Beijing
Zhang Zhongwu
Taihang Mountains
Wang Zai
Taiyuan
Shanxi
Niu-Li Factional Struggles
Niu Sengru
Li Zongmin
Consort Wang
alchemists
Wu Xing
Li Yi
Yang Sifu
Li Jue
Cui Dan
Cui Gong
Li Deyu
Chen Yixing
Li Shen
Li Rangyi
Cui Xuan
Du Cong
Li Hui
Zheng Su
Li Heng
"Xianfei"
Edwin Siu
TVB
Beyond the Realm of Conscience
Buddhism in China
Christianity in China
Islam in China
Persecution of Buddhists
Persecution of Christians
Persecution of Muslims
Old Book of Tang
New Book of Tang
Zizhi Tongjian
here

categories: 9th-century Chinese monarchs,Persecution of Buddhists,Tang dynasty Taoists,Tang dynasty emperors,846 deaths,814 births

paragraph: Emperor Wuzong of Tang

paragraph: Emperor Wuzong of Tang (July 2, 814 – April 22, 846), né Li Chan, later changed to Li Yan just before his death, was an emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China, reigning from 840 to 846. Emperor Wuzong is mainly known in modern times for the religious persecution that occurred during his reign. In addition, he was known for his successful reactions against incursions by remnants of the Huigu Khanate and the rebellion by Liu Zhen, as well as his deep trust in the chancellor Li Deyu.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Li Chan was born in 814, as the ninth son of Li Heng at least, who was then Crown Prince under Li Chan's grandfather Emperor Xianzong. He was born at the Eastern Palace (i.e., the Crown Prince's palace). His mother was Consort Wei, whose rank was lost to history. After Li Heng became Emperor Muzong in 820, he made many of his brothers and sons princes in 821, and Li Chan was made the Prince of Ying. Little is known about Li Chan's activities during the reigns of Emperor Muzong or Li Chan's older brothers Emperor Jingzong (Emperor Muzong's oldest son) and Emperor Wenzong (Emperor Muzong's second son), other than that during the middle of Emperor Wenzong's "Kaicheng" era (836–840), Emperor Wenzong bestowed the honorary title of "Kaifu Yitong Sansi" (開府儀同三司) on him, as well as the title of honorary minister of civil service affairs (吏部尚書, "Libu Shangshu"). It was said that Li Chan was silent, intelligent, and decisive, not showing his emotions easily. It was also said that Emperor Wenzong treated him and another brother, Li Rong the Prince of An, better than other princes.

paragraph: Emperor Wenzong originally created his son Li Yong crown prince, but after Li Yong died in 838, he was unsure whom to make his successor. Emperor Wenzong's favorite concubine Consort Yang recommended Li Rong, but when Emperor Wenzong consulted the chancellors, Li Jue opposed this proposal. Emperor Wenzong thus, in 839, created Emperor Jingzong's youngest son Li Chengmei the Prince of Chen crown prince. When Emperor Wenzong became seriously ill early in 840, he had his trusted eunuchs Liu Hongyi (劉弘逸) and Xue Jileng (薛季稜) summon the chancellors Yang Sifu and Li Jue to the palace, intending to entrust Li Chengmei to them. However, the powerful eunuchs Qiu Shiliang and Yu Hongzhi (魚弘志), who were not consulted in the decision, opposed Li Chengmei, and despite Li Jue's objection, forged an edict in Emperor Wenzong's name deposing Li Chengmei by claiming that Li Chengmei was too young, and creating Li Chan crown prince instead. Subsequently, Qiu and Yu had soldiers escort Li Chan from his mansion to the palace and, after Emperor Wenzong then died, persuaded Li Chan to order Consort Yang, Li Chengmei, and Li Rong all to commit suicide. After a short mourning period, Li Chan took the throne (as Emperor Wuzong).

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:Religious persecution.

paragraph: Buddhism had flourished into a major religious force in China during the Tang period, and its monasteries enjoyed tax-exempt status. Because they didn't contribute taxes, Emperor Wuzong believed Buddhism to be a drain on the state's economy. Coupled with his devotion to Taoism as well and his deep trust in the Taoist monk Zhao Guizhen (趙歸真), he set out to act against Buddhism, initiating an imperial edict in 842 weeding out sorcerers and convicts from the ranks of the Buddhist monks and nuns, and returning them to lay life. Monks and nuns were to turn their wealth over to the government unless they returned to lay life and paid taxes. During this first phase, Confucian arguments for the reform of Buddhist institutions and the protection of society from Buddhist influence and practices were predominant.

paragraph: The religious persecution reached its height in the year 845 CE, ultimately confiscating the Buddhist temple properties, destroying 4,600 Buddhist temples and 40,000 shrines, and removing 260,500 monks and nuns from the monasteries. Emperor Wuzong's reasons for doing so were not purely economic. A zealous Taoist, Wuzong considered Buddhism a foreign religion that was harmful to Chinese society. One notable victim of the persecution was the Japanese Tendai monk Ennin.

paragraph: Among its purposes were to raise war funds and to cleanse China of foreign influences. As such, the persecution was directed not only towards Buddhism but also towards other foreign religions, such as Zoroastrianism, Nestorian Christianity, and Manichaeism. Only the native Chinese ideologies of Confucianism and Taoism survived the upheaval relatively unaffected. He all but destroyed Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism in China, and his persecution of the growing Nestorian Christian churches sent Chinese Christianity into a decline from which it never recovered.

paragraph: At the same time, Wuzong went far to promote Taoist worship in China through religious regulations and the construction of the Temple for Viewing Immortals in the Imperial court. (Emperor Wuzong was one of the last Tang emperors and ruled China during a long period of decline; despite his reforms, he was unable to revive the empire through his religious persecutions. After his death, with the help of his uncle Emperor Xuānzong, Buddhism was able to recover from the persecution; but Christianity, Manichaeism, and Zoroastrianism never again played as significant a role in Chinese religious life.)

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:Dealing with the Huigu incursions.

paragraph: By the time that Emperor Wuzong took the throne, his mother Consort Wei had already died, and he posthumously honored her as an empress dowager. Also, knowing that Yang Sifu and Li Jue had not supported him as Emperor Wenzong's successor, he had them removed from their offices. He instead installed Li Deyu, former chancellor under Wenzong, as a chancellor and effectively put most of the responsibilities of governance in his hands. (In 841, Emperor Wuzong further ordered Liu Hongyi and Xue Jileng to commit suicide and planned to order Yang and Li Jue to do so as well, but Yang and Li Jue were spared (and only demoted) after the intercession by Li Deyu and the other chancellors, Cui Gong, Cui Dan, and Chen Yixing.)

paragraph: One of the first things that Emperor Wuzong had to deal with was the collapse of Tang's erstwhile vassal and ally Huigu—which had supported Tang in various campaigns through the decades. In 840, due to internal power struggles, Huigu was weakened, such that when the Xiajiasi (Kirghiz) khan Are (阿熱) attacked, the Huigu khan Yaoluoge Hesa (藥羅葛闔馺) was killed. The Huigu tribespeople scattered, fleeing in various directions. One major group, under the leadership of the prince Wamosi and the nobles Chixin (赤心), Pugu (僕固), and Najiachuo (那頡啜), headed for the Tang border city of Tiande (天德, in modern Hohhot, Inner Mongolia) and sought to submit to Tang. The leader of another major group, the noble Yaoluoge Wuxi, claimed the khan title for himself (as Wujie Khan). Wujie Khan subsequently seized Emperor Wuzong's aunt Princess Taihe, who had married a previous khan (Chongde Khan), and held her hostage. Various Huigu remnants pillaged the Tang border regions, causing much disturbance for the Tang people. At Li Deyu's suggestion, Emperor Wuzong supplied food to the Huigu remnants to try to calm them, while accepting Wamosi's submission. When Wujie Khan subsequently demanded that Tang turn Wamosi over to him as a traitor, Emperor Wuzong refused.

paragraph: Subsequently, Wujie Khan's forces and Tang's border defense forces came into open combat, even though both sides continued negotiations. In 843, the Tang general Liu Mian (劉沔) launched a surprise attack against Wujie Khan, led by his officer Shi Xiong. Shi crushed Wujie Khan's forces and rescued Princess Taihe. Wujie Khan fled, and subsequently, the Huigu remnants created only minor nuisances for Tang and no longer posed a major threat.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:The Zhaoyi campaign.

paragraph: Immediately after the dissipation of the Huigu threat, however, Emperor Wuzong faced a crisis of a different kind. In 843, Liu Congjian the military governor ("Jiedushi") of Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern Changzhi, Shanxi), who had governed Zhaoyi in "de facto" independence from the imperial government and who had a strident rivalry with Qiu Shiliang, was seriously ill, and Liu wanted his adoptive son (and biological nephew) Liu Zhen to succeed him, and set up the power structure at the circuit to facilitate the transition. He submitted petitions requesting that Liu Zhen be allowed to take over the circuit. When Liu Congjian thereafter died, Liu Zhen sought to inherit the circuit. Li Deyu, believing that this would be a prime opportunity for the imperial government to seize control of Zhaoyi Circuit, advocated a campaign against Liu Zhen, and Emperor Wuzong agreed.

paragraph: Initially, the imperial government was concerned that three other "de facto" independent circuits north of the Yellow River (Weibo (魏博, headquartered in modern Handan, Hebei), then governed by He Hongjing; Chengde (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei), then governed by Wang Yuankui; and Lulong (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing, then governed by Zhang Zhongwu) would side with Zhaoyi. Emperor Wuzong secured their cooperation by effectively promising the three circuits that he would not interfere with their independence, and in fact secured the military cooperation of both Weibo and Chengde in the campaign against Zhaoyi by leaving the task of capturing Zhaoyi's three eastern prefectures, east of the Taihang Mountains, to Wang and He Hongjing. The other imperial generals, including Wang Zai, Shi Xiong, and Liu Mian, concentrated on Zhaoyi's two western prefectures, including its capital Lu Prefecture (潞州). Initially, the imperial forces could not advance well against Zhaoyi forces, and the campaign was complicated by a mutiny by the officer Yang Bian (楊弁) at Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi) early in 844. Yang's mutiny was quickly put down, however, and the imperial forces continued their assault on Zhaoyi. In fall 844, the three eastern prefectures surrendered to He Hongjing and Wang Yuankui, and soon thereafter, Liu Zhen was killed by his own officer Guo Yi (郭誼), who then surrendered.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:After the Zhaoyi campaign.

paragraph: After the Zhaoyi campaign, Li Deyu used the opportunity to carry reprisals against his political enemies in the Niu-Li Factional Struggles—those who were members of what would later be referred to as the Niu Faction (named after Niu Sengru) against Li Deyu's Li Faction—including the former chancellors Niu Sengru and Li Zongmin—by accusing them of complicity in Liu Zhen's rebellion. As a result, Niu and Li Zongmin were exiled to remote regions.

paragraph: In 845, Emperor Wuzong wanted to create his favorite concubine, Consort Wang, empress. Li Deyu, pointing out that Consort Wang was of low birth and that she was sonless, opposed. Emperor Wuzong therefore did not do so. (Emperor Wuzong had five known sons, but very little is known about them other than their names and their princely titles.)

paragraph: Late in Emperor Wuzong's life, he began taking pills made by Taoist alchemists, which were intended to lead to immortality, and it was said that his mood became harsh and unpredictable as a side effect. By late 845, he was seriously ill. In early 846, in an attempt to ward off the illness, he changed his name to Li Yan—under the theory that under the Wu Xing cosmology, his original name of Chan (瀍) contained two instances of earth (土) while only containing one instance of water (水), which meant that he was getting suppressed by the dynasty's own spirits (as Tang beliefs included that the dynasty was protected by earth), while Yan (炎) contained two instances of fire (火), which was more harmonious with earth. Despite this change, his conditions did not get better. The eunuchs, believing that Emperor Wuzong's uncle Li Yi the Prince of Guang to be simple-minded, decided to make him Emperor Wuzong's successor; they therefore had an edict issued in Emperor Wuzong's name creating Li Yi crown prince (and changing Li Yi's name to Li Chen). Soon thereafter, Emperor Wuzong died, and Li Chen took the throne as Emperor Xuānzong.

paragraph: Section::::Chancellors during reign.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yang Sifu (840)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Li Jue (840)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cui Dan (840–841)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cui Gong (840–843)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Li Deyu (840–846)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chen Yixing (841–842)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Li Shen (842–844)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Li Rangyi (842–846)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cui Xuan (843–845)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Du Cong (844–845)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Li Hui (845–846)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zheng Su (845–846)

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parents:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Li Heng, Muzong (; 795–824)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Empress Xuanyi, of the Wei clan ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consorts and Issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Xianfei", of the Wang clan (; d. 846)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Unknown

paragraph: BULLET::::- Li Jun, Prince Qi (), first son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Li Xian, Prince Yi (), second son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Li Qi, Prince Yan (), third son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Li Yi, Prince De (), fourth son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Li Cuo, Prince Chang (), fifth son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Changle (), first daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Shouchun (), second daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Yongning (), third daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Yanqing (), fourth daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Jingle (), fifth daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Lewen (), sixth daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Changning (), seventh daughter

paragraph: Section::::In fiction.

paragraph: Played by Edwin Siu, a fictionalized version of Wuzong was portrayed in 2009 Hong Kong's TVB television series, Beyond the Realm of Conscience.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buddhism in China

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christianity in China

paragraph: BULLET::::- Islam in China

paragraph: BULLET::::- Persecution of Buddhists

paragraph: BULLET::::- Persecution of Christians

paragraph: BULLET::::- Persecution of Muslims

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Old Book of Tang", .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New Book of Tang", .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zizhi Tongjian", vols. , , , .

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reischauer, Edwin O. "Ennin's Travels in Tang China". New York: Ronald Press, 1955.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip, T. V. "East of the Euphrates: Early Christianity in Asia". India: CSS & ISPCK, India, 1998 (See here)

alias:
Li Chan
Li Yan
Emperor Zedao Zhaosui Xiao
Li Yan(5)
Wu Zong

description: emperor of the Tang Dynasty

wikidata_label: Emperor Wuzong of Tang

wikipedia_title: Emperor Wuzong of Tang


text:
the French-speaking part of Switzerland
canton of Neuchâtel
Geneva
Chêne-Bougeries
Geneva
tonal
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Frank Martin
Arthur Honegger
Lutry
Vaud

wikipedia_title:
Romandy
Canton of Neuchâtel
Geneva
Chêne-Bougeries
Geneva
Tonality
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Frank Martin (composer)
Arthur Honegger
Lutry
Canton of Vaud

categories: 20th-century classical composers,1901 births,1992 deaths,Swiss male classical composers,Swiss organists,20th-century organists,Male organists,Swiss classical composers,People from Geneva,People from the canton of Neuchâtel,Classical composers of church music,20th-century male musicians

paragraph: Bernard Reichel

paragraph: Bernard Reichel (August 3, 1901 – December 10, 1992) was a 20th-century classical composer from the French-speaking part of Switzerland.

paragraph: Born in Montmirail (canton of Neuchâtel), he settled in Geneva in his twenties. He spent most of his life there, writing a great deal of music, mostly sacred, and working as a music educator. He taught harmony at the Geneva Conservatory for twenty years, and various classes at the Dalcroze institute for 53 years. He was also an organist, serving at the Protestant churches of Chêne-Bougeries and Eaux-Vives, two downtown parishes in Geneva.

paragraph: His musical language is militantly tonal considering the time in which he wrote and taught, and informed by folk music and medieval modes in a way reminiscent of Ralph Vaughan Williams. His work is little-known outside of Switzerland, overshadowed by that of his contemporaries, Frank Martin and Arthur Honegger.

paragraph: He died in 1992, in Lutry, in the canton of Vaud.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Association Bernard Reichel biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Association Bernard Reichel : biography, timeline, list of works, etc.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bernard Reichel at Musinfo

description: Swiss musician

wikidata_label: Bernard Reichel

wikipedia_title: Bernard Reichel


text:
Doge
Venice
Jacopo Tiepolo
Agnese Ghisi
Romania
Rascia
War of Saint Sabas
Genoa
Battle of Acre
podestà
Fano
Reniero Zeno
nepotism
peace treaty
Cremona
Adriatic Sea
Bologna
Treviso
Verona
Mantua
Ferrara
Recanati
Ancona
Marco Polo
China
Dominican
San Zanipolo

categories: 1275 deaths,Year of birth unknown,13th-century Italian people,People from Venice,13th-century Doges of Venice

paragraph: Lorenzo Tiepolo

paragraph: Lorenzo Tiepolo (died August 15, 1275) was Doge of Venice from 1268 until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Venice, Lorenzo Tiepolo was the son of Doge Jacopo Tiepolo. His first dogaressa was Agnese Ghisi. It is a matter of debate if his second wife, Marguerite, was either the daughter of the King of Romania or of Bohemund of Brienne, ruler of Rascia. Tiepolo also demonstrated skill as commander when, during the War of Saint Sabas with Genoa, he defeated the Genoese at the Battle of Acre in 1258. He served also as a podestà of Fano.

paragraph: In 1268, after the death of Reniero Zeno, Lorenzo was elected as Doge on July 23 of that year, with 25 votes out of 41. Although beloved by the population, he attracted the hostility of the Venetian nobility for his nepotism towards his sons. The position of "Cancellier Grande" ("Great Chancellor") was therefore created to thwart such a behaviour.

paragraph: In 1270, a peace treaty was signed with Genoa at Cremona, confirming the Venetian predominance in the Adriatic Sea; however, in that same year a war broke out between Venice and a league of Italian cities including Bologna, Treviso, Verona, Mantua, Ferrara, Cremona, Recanati, and Ancona due to commercial disputes. After an initial setback in 1271, the Venetians were able to regain the upper hand and the terms of peace were favourable to Venice.

paragraph: Under his "dogado", in 1273, Marco Polo began his journey to China. He was to return only in 1295.

paragraph: Tiepolo died in Venice in 1275 and was buried with his father in the Dominican church of San Zanipolo.

description: Doge of Venice

wikidata_label: Lorenzo Tiepolo

wikipedia_title: Lorenzo Tiepolo


text:
American football
cornerback
Miami Dolphins
2002 NFL Draft
college football
Washington
Tennessee Titans
New York Jets
Minnesota Vikings
Washington Redskins
New England Patriots
Seattle Seahawks
Atlanta Falcons
Tahoma High School
Maple Valley, Washington
lettered
basketball
track
football
quarterback
Redshirted
cornerback
Miami Dolphins
2002 NFL Draft
Tennessee Titans
practice squad
New York Jets
2004 season
Minnesota Vikings
Washington Redskins
New England Patriots
Seattle Seahawks
Atlanta Falcons
Carolina Panthers
Jim L. Mora
Jacksonville Jaguars
cornerback
Scott Starks
injured reserve
Jacksonville Jaguars bio
New England Patriots bio
New York Jets bio

categories: Atlanta Falcons players,1978 births,Sportspeople from Seattle,Minnesota Vikings players,Washington Redskins players,Seattle Seahawks players,Washington Huskies football players,Super Bowl champions,Miami Dolphins players,American football safeties,Tennessee Titans players,New York Jets players,Jacksonville Jaguars players,American football cornerbacks,New England Patriots players,Living people

paragraph: Omare Lowe

paragraph: Omare Gerald Lowe (born April 20, 1978) is a former American football cornerback. He was drafted by the Miami Dolphins in the fifth round of the 2002 NFL Draft. He played college football at Washington.

paragraph: Lowe was also a member of the Tennessee Titans, New York Jets, Minnesota Vikings, Washington Redskins, New England Patriots, Seattle Seahawks and Atlanta Falcons.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Lowe attended Tahoma High School in Maple Valley, Washington where he lettered in basketball, track, and football. Lowe was a state champion in both 110hh and 300 hurdles and was a member of the state champion 1,600-meter relay team at the 1997 state high school track championships as a senior. Lowe was an option quarterback in high school where he rushed for over 900 yards and 15 scores and played defense in one game.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Recruited by the University of Washington, Lowe was Redshirted the entire 1997 season. In 1998, he played in nine games recording ten tackles, three pass deflections, one forced fumble, and one interception. For the 1999 season Lowe was a backup cornerback and recorded 20 tackles, three pass deflections, and one interception. Lowe's best season would be in 2000 when he started in every game as the strong side cornerback and recorded 30 tackles, two interceptions, and nine pass deflections. Lowe's last season as a Husky was a great one when he recorded 40 tackles, two interceptions (one for a touchdown), and nine pass deflections.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Miami Dolphins.

paragraph: Lowe was originally drafted by the Miami Dolphins in the 5th round of the 2002 NFL Draft, but would only play in one game. On September 1, 2003, he was released by the Dolphins.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tennessee Titans.

paragraph: He was signed to the Tennessee Titans practice squad on September 3, 2003 and released September 22, 2003.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Jets.

paragraph: He signed to New York Jets practice squad in October and signed to their active roster in November and finished the season with them.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Minnesota Vikings.

paragraph: Lowe started the 2004 season on the Minnesota Vikings roster but was released after the first game.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Redskins.

paragraph: Lowe spent two days on the practice squad of the Washington Redskins before being released on November 11, 2004.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New England Patriots.

paragraph: The New England Patriots signed Lowe to their practice squad on November 17, 2004. He was released on November 30 but re-signed December 1.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:First stint with Seahawks.

paragraph: Lowe signed with the Seattle Seahawks in 2005 but was released prior to the regular season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.

paragraph: The Atlanta Falcons claimed Lowe off waivers on September 4, 2005 where he remained mainly as a special teams player and led the team with 16 special team tackles and had 4 tackles on defense. His first career start was against the Carolina Panthers in place of an injured player. Atlanta re-signed Lowe on March 13, 2006. He spent all of 2007 on injured reserve before being a free agent.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Second stint with Seahawks.

paragraph: On April 7, 2008, Lowe signed a one-year, $605,000 contract with the Seahawks, re-joining the team after three seasons with the Falcons. The move also re-united Lowe with Seahawks assistant head coach Jim L. Mora, who was the Falcons' head coach when the team signed Lowe in 2005.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.

paragraph: Lowe was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars on September 24, 2008 after cornerback Scott Starks was placed on injured reserve.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacksonville Jaguars bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- New England Patriots bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- New York Jets bio

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Omare Lowe

wikipedia_title: Omare Lowe


text:
lord of Oultrejordain
Kingdom of Jerusalem
butler
Baldwin II of Jerusalem
Kerak Castle
Baldwin II of Jerusalem
butler
Hans Eberhard Mayer
Roman of Le Puy
lord of Oultrejordain
Montréal
Jordan River
Wadi al-Karak
Dead Sea
Jerusalem
Kerak Castle
Maurice

categories: 1140s deaths,Lords of Oultrejordain,Christians of the Crusades

paragraph: Pagan the Butler

paragraph: Pagan the Butler (; died around 1149) was lord of Oultrejordain in the Kingdom of Jerusalem from around 1126. He was first mentioned as the butler of Baldwin II of Jerusalem in 1120. He ordered the erection of Kerak Castle which became his seat in 1142.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Pagan was an influential retainer of Baldwin II of Jerusalem who mounted the throne in 1118. Baldwin soon reorganized the royal court and appointed his faithful supporters to the highest offices. Pagan was first mentioned as the king's butler in 1120. Hans Eberhard Mayer argues that Pagan the Butler (who was mentioned in 1120) and Pagan of Montreal (mentioned in 1126) were not identical, but other historians have not accepted Mayer's view. Pagan replaced Roman of Le Puy as lord of Oultrejordain by 1126. According to a royal charter which was issued in 1161, Pagan was the first lord of Oultrejordain, which implies that Le Puy had not ruled the whole territory of the lordship.

paragraph: Initially, Pagan had his seat in the castle of Montréal. After he could not prevent a band of Syrian soldiers from making a raid across the Jordan River, he decided to build a new fortress at a triangular plateau at the Wadi al-Karak which was located closer to the Dead Sea and Jerusalem. He transferred his seat to the newly built Kerak Castle in 1142. Pagan died in the late 1140s. He was succeeded by his nephew Maurice.

description: French noble

wikidata_label: Pagan the Butler

wikipedia_title: Pagan the Butler


text: courtesy name

text: pseudonyms

text: Wuxing District

text: Zhejiang

text: Song dynasty

text: Yuan dynasty

text: Southern Song

text: Mongol

text: Yuan Dynasty

text: China

text: Zhao Mengfu

text: bird-and-flower painting

text: shan shui

text: Qian Xuan and his Painting Gallery

text: Early Autumn

text: Sung and Yuan paintings

categories: Song dynasty painters,1235 births,People from Huzhou,1305 deaths,Painters from Zhejiang,Yuan dynasty painters,13th-century Chinese painters

paragraph: Qian Xuan

paragraph: Qian Xuan (; 1235-1305) courtesy name Shun Ju (舜举), pseudonyms Yu Tan (玉潭, "Jade Pool"), Xi Lan Weng (习嬾翁), and Zha Chuan Weng (霅川翁) ) was a Chinese painter from Hu Zhou (湖州) (the present day Wuxing District in Zhejiang) during the late Song dynasty and early Yuan dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Qian Xuan started as an aspiring scholar-official during the rule of the Southern Song (960–1279). However, he had difficulty climbing the ranks of officialdom. When the Mongol-founded Yuan Dynasty took over the southern regions of China in 1276, he effectively gave up on the idea of a civil administration career. In 1286 his friend Zhao Mengfu found and accepted a position, and so for a time it seemed he could as well. However, he refused on patriotic grounds, while he citing old age in order to avoid difficulties. He nevertheless was considered a Song loyalist.

paragraph: Qian Xuan's life after 1276 was devoted to painting, and he became noted as a "fur and feathers" painter. He was also adept at bird-and-flower painting, character painting, and landscape painting ("shan shui"). He is known for landscapes that hinted at a longing for a return of native Chinese rule, such as in the work "Home Again." He mixed Song realism with an archaic Tang style.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Masterpieces of Chinese Art" (page 87), by Rhonda and Jeffrey Cooper, Todtri Productions, 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ci hai bian ji wei yuan hui (辞海编辑委员会）. Ci hai （辞海）. Shanghai: Shanghai ci shu chu ban she （上海辞书出版社）, 1979.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Qian Xuan and his Painting Gallery at China Online Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Fine Arts in Boston with three of his paintings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Early Autumn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sung and Yuan paintings, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Qian Xuan (see list of paintings)

alias:
hao Yutan
zi Shunju
Ch'ien Hsüan
Xuan Qian
Ch'ien Shun-chu

description: Chinese painter

wikidata_label: Qian Xuan

wikipedia_title: Qian Xuan


text:
Danish
anti-king
Scania
list of Danish monarchs
Den Store Danske Encyklopædi
Olaf II of Denmark
Harald Kesja
Eric II of Denmark
Eric III of Denmark
Bishop Rike
Roskilde
excommunicated
Pope
Harald Skrænk

categories: People excommunicated by the Catholic Church,Pretenders to the Danish throne,1140s deaths,Year of birth unknown,House of Estridsen

paragraph: Olaf (II) Haraldsen

paragraph: Olaf Haraldsen (died ) was a Danish anti-king who ruled Scania for a few years from 1139. He never won control over the rest of Denmark, and he is not included in the list of Danish monarchs used by the Danish monarchy or "Den Store Danske Encyklopædi". He is sometimes called "Olaf II" even though there was a later Olaf II of Denmark.

paragraph: He was the son of Harald Kesja and thus nephew of King Eric II of Denmark. He seems to have been the only who escaped Eric II's murder of Harald and his sons in 1135. After trying in vain to regain his heritage, Olaf proclaimed himself king in Scania in 1139, fighting his cousin King Eric III of Denmark. The civil war mostly consisted of alternating raids, during which Olaf killed Bishop Rike of Roskilde, an act that saw him excommunicated by the Pope. He was at last defeated by Eric III and was killed in a battle in Middle Scania around 1143.

paragraph: Harald Skrænk, the leader of a peasant rebellion in Scania about 1182, is said to have been Olaf's illegitimate son, but their connection is unsure.

description: Anti-king who ruled Scania

wikidata_label: Olaf (II) Haraldsen

wikipedia_title: Olaf (II) Haraldsen


text:
historian
medieval Irish history
Trinity College Dublin
Castle Otway
County Tipperary
County Wicklow
Roger Casement
Trinity College Dublin
elected a Scholar
Girton College
University of Cambridge
Constantia Maxwell
Lecky professor
James Lydon
F. S. L. Lyons
Provost
arrival of the Anglo-Normans
Domesday Book
Dowdall
Public Record Office of Ireland
Irish War of Independence
Irish Manuscripts Commission
FRHS
MRIA
botanist
Rathgar
needlework
stroke
Derek Hill
Castle Otway

categories: Irish medievalists,20th-century translators,Fellows of Trinity College Dublin,20th-century Irish people,1989 deaths,Alumni of Trinity College Dublin,Irish scholars and academics,1909 births,Historiographers,20th-century Irish women writers,Scholars of Trinity College Dublin,20th-century historians,Irish translators,Alumni of Girton College, Cambridge,Deaths from cerebrovascular disease,Irish women academics

paragraph: Annette Jocelyn Otway-Ruthven

paragraph: Annette Jocelyn Otway-Ruthven (7 November 1909 – 18 March 1989) was an Irish historian specialising in medieval Irish history, and was among the earliest female academics appointed in Trinity College Dublin.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Otway-Ruthven was the daughter of Captain Robert Mervyn Bermingham Otway-Ruthven (1867–1919), Royal Artillery, of Castle Otway, County Tipperary, and Margaret Casement (d. 1953), of Cronroe, County Wicklow. She had three sisters and a brother; two of her sisters died young. Through her mother Otway-Ruthven was related to Roger Casement.

paragraph: Section::::Academic career.

paragraph: Otway-Ruthven studied history in Trinity College Dublin, was elected a Scholar of the College in 1928, and graduated BA in 1931. She continued her studies at Girton College, University of Cambridge, writing "The king's secretary and the signet office in the XV century" for which she was awarded a PhD.

paragraph: She returned to Trinity College in 1938 as lecturer in medieval and modern history and in economic history; she succeeded Constantia Maxwell as Lecky professor in 1951. From 1965 she headed a new department of medieval history which, under her direction, became one of the finest departments in the College. In 1968 TCD made her one of its first female Fellows. The position of female academics in Trinity College when Otway-Ruthven was appointed in 1938, had barely improved since the first appointment of a woman, Constantia Maxwell, in 1909. Otway-Ruthven resented this discrimination: 'We were paid less than men doing the equivalent work, and I have been told that this was right since … we were less useful to the College.'

paragraph: A former student, James Lydon (1928-2013), who later became a colleague of Otway-Ruthven at Trinity, claimed of her that 'her contribution to Irish history ... will never be surpassed'. Lydon also noted her kindness to students who were in difficulties. One of her most distinguished students was F. S. L. Lyons, who later became Provost of Trinity College Dublin.

paragraph: Section::::Select publications.

paragraph: Otway-Ruthven's area of particular interest was Ireland in the twelfth century and the impact on the country of the arrival of the Anglo-Normans. She published extensively and her monograph "A history of medieval Ireland", was a landmark in Irish historiography. She translated the Cambridgeshire Domesday Book in 1941 and the "Liber Primus Kilkenniensis"., she published Dowdall deeds with Charles McNeill in 1960 and brought a calendar of the Talbot de Malahide papers close to completion.

paragraph: Otway-Ruthven also engaged in a project to reconstruct, from transcripts in London, Irish chancery rolls which had been lost in the destruction of the Public Record Office of Ireland in the Irish War of Independence in 1922. Her work in this regard was acknowledged when the project was brought to completion in the 21st century.

paragraph: She was appointed to the Irish Manuscripts Commission in 1943 and was elected FRHS in 1941 and MRIA in 1951. She was a member of the International Commission for the History of Representative and Parliamentary Institutions.

paragraph: Section::::Personal and later life.

paragraph: Otway-Ruthven was an amateur botanist, raising rare plants in her garden at Rathgar, and was also proficient in needlework.

paragraph: Shortly after her retirement in 1980 she was incapacitated by a severe stroke which left her paralysed and near-speechless. The rest of her life was spent in a nursing home, where she died on 18 March 1989. Her papers are deposited in Trinity College, and the College has a portrait of her by the artist Derek Hill. The College is also home to the Castle-Otway Harp, an eighteenth-century Irish musical instrument which, although it has no known association with the family, was in Castle Otway from the mid nineteenth century.

description: Irish historian

wikidata_label: Annette Jocelyn Otway-Ruthven

wikipedia_title: Annette Jocelyn Otway-Ruthven


text:
Sufi
Islam
Bengal
Sipah Salar
Sultan
Conquest of Sylhet
Shah Jalal
Syed
Baghdad
Arab
the Twelve Imams
Shia Islam
Khwaja
Muhammad al-Mahdi
Hasan al-Askari
Ali an-Naqi
Muhammad al-Taqi
Ali al-Ridha
Musa al-Kadhim
Ja'far al-Sadiq
Muhammad al-Baqir
Zayn al-Abidin
Hasan
Ali
destruction by the Mongols
Hulagu Khan
Delhi
Bengal
Suhrawardiyya Sufi Order
Shamsuddin Firoz Shah
Sipah Salar
Hindu
Sylhet
Shah Jalal
Qadi
Habiganj
mazar
Syed Ibrahim Danishmand

categories: Bangladeshi Sufi saints,14th-century Muslims,Islam in Bangladesh,History of Bangladesh,History of Islam in Bangladesh,Sylhet

paragraph: Syed Nasiruddin

paragraph: Shah Syed Nasiruddin () was a Sufi saint and military leader, associated with the spread of Islam in Bengal in the 14th century. As the commander of the armed forces or "Sipah Salar" of the Sultan of Bengal, Syed Nasiruddin is primarily known for his role in the Conquest of Sylhet in 1303, alongside the celebrated Sufi dervish Shah Jalal.

paragraph: Section::::Birth and lineage.

paragraph: Nasiruddin was born into a Syed family in Baghdad, the son of Hasan al-Arabi (Hasan the Arab). Some Bengali sources claim his descent from the Twelve Imams of Shia Islam, though there doesn't seem to be an indication that he himself was Shia. Historian Achyut Charan Choudhury states that Syed Nasiruddin's genealogy is as follows:

paragraph: "Syed Nasiruddin, Siphah Salar son of Hasan Arabi son of Khwaja Daud son of Khwaja Abul Fazal son of Khwaja Abul Farah son of Muhammad al-Mahdi son of Hasan al-Askari son of Ali an-Naqi son of Muhammad al-Taqi son of Ali al-Ridha son of Musa al-Kadhim son of Ja'far al-Sadiq son of Muhammad al-Baqir son of Zayn al-Abidin son of Hazrat Hasan son of Hazrat Ali".

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Conquest of Sylhet.

paragraph: After being forced to leave the city in 1258 following its destruction by the Mongols led by Hulagu Khan, Syed Nasiruddin first moved to Delhi before settling in Bengal. At some point he became a follower of the Suhrawardiyya Sufi Order and was attributed with a number of supernatural abilities. It is perhaps through these stories of spiritual powers that he gained the patronage of the Sultan of Bengal, Shamsuddin Firoz Shah.

paragraph: By 1303, Syed Nasiruddin had become the "Sipah Salar" of the Sultan's army. During this time, Firoz Shah was involved in a war with the Hindu king of Sylhet, Gour Govinda. Two unsuccessful attacks against Govinda had already been attempted by the Sultan's army, led by his nephew Sikander Khan.

paragraph: A third strike, now also under the leadership of Syed Nasiruddin was ordered. This army was later joined by the forces of Shah Jalal and his 360 followers. This attack ultimately proved successful and Gour Govinda was forced to retreat, thereby bringing Sylhet under Muslim control.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Conquest of Taraf.

paragraph: Soon after the capture of Sylhet, word was received of the execution of a local Qadi by Achak Narayan, the ruler of the neighbouring in present-day Habiganj. This was done in response to the Qadi, who was called Nuruddin, sacrificing a cow in celebration of his son's marriage, an action which offended the king.

paragraph: Syed Nasiruddin was dispatched with a contingent of soldiers as well as twelve of Shah Jalal's followers against Narayan, who fled with his family upon learning of the advance. Taraf was captured bloodlessly as a result, with Nasiruddin being subsequently appointed as its governor. He then attempted to console the family of the late Qadi by giving his own son, Syed Sirajuddin, in marriage to Nuruddin's daughter.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Legacy.

paragraph: Upon his death, Syed Nasiruddin was buried in Taraf, his grave later becoming a "mazar" or shrine. His family subsequently continued as hereditary rulers of the area.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Syed Ibrahim Danishmand

wikidata_label: Syed Nasiruddin

wikipedia_title: Syed Nasiruddin


text:
man of letters
anecdotes
Cripplegate
Harrow School
Charterhouse School
Oriel College, Oxford
Thrales
Streatham
Samuel Johnson
Essex Head Club
James Boswell
Edinburgh
Highlands
Fanny Burney
Claude Lorrain
Fellow of the Royal Society
Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries
Samuel Parr
Charles Burney
Richard Porson
Thomas Paine
Anna Seward
dropsy
Dean Street, Soho
Finchley
Whitehall Evening Post
Thomas Cadell
European Magazine
Gentleman's Magazine
Thomas James Mathias
Horace Walpole

categories: Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford,Fellows of the Royal Society,People educated at Charterhouse School,Writers from London,1747 births,1799 deaths,Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London

paragraph: William Seward (anecdotist)

paragraph: William Seward (January 1747 – 24 April 1799) was an English man of letters, known for his collections of anecdotes.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Seward was the only son of William Seward, a partner in the major London brewery Calvert & Seward. He was born in London in January 1747. Having started school near Cripplegate, he moved in 1757 to Harrow School, but also attended Charterhouse School for a while before matriculating at Oriel College, Oxford in 1764.

paragraph: After university, Seward travelled widely in Italy and elsewhere in Europe. He had considerable wealth, but no taste for business, and sold his interest in the brewery when his father died. However, his cultivation and conversational talents soon gained him a place in London literary circles, notably that of the Thrales in Streatham, also a brewing family.

paragraph: There he met Samuel Johnson. The two became intimate and Seward became a member of the Essex Head Club that Johnson had founded. Johnson also provided him with a recommendation to James Boswell when he visited Edinburgh and the Highlands in 1777. He made a western tour of England in August 1781, indulging his hypochondria liberally by consulting "a doctor, apothecary or chemist" in every town where he stopped, according to Fanny Burney. Two years later he was in Paris, and then in Flanders studying the pictures of Claude Lorrain. Meanwhile he had been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1779.

paragraph: When Johnson died in 1784, Seward helped the classical scholar Samuel Parr to compose his epitaph. In 1788, Seward was thought to be suffering from mental illness and was confined to a straitjacket for a time. Four years earlier, Mrs Thrale had recorded being "plagued… with a Visit from Seward, who I think is going out of his Senses by the oddity of his Behaviour." She also recorded a proposal of marriage from him after she was widowed in 1781.

paragraph: Section::::Conversation.

paragraph: Seward had been responsible in 1776 for introducing the music scholar Charles Burney and his family to the Thrales, which led to an intimacy between Hester Thrale and Fanny Burney that lasted until the former's remarriage in 1784. Fanny Burney's copious letters and diaries contain many affectionate references to Seward. In March 1777, for instance, she describes him in a letter to another Burney family friend, Samuel Crisp, as "a very polite, agreeable young man." On 15 January 1782, her 17-year-old sister Charlotte Ann Burney noted that on her arrival at Mrs Thrale's, "Mr Seward came up to me immediately as he commonly does when I meet him to "do the honours" to me in his odd way;- lugging a chair into the middle of the room for me, and upon my saying I could not sit there by myself, "oh," he cried, "I'll "stand by you," and amuse you." In May 1792 he was amusing Fanny: "When I came in... I was accosted by Mr. Seward, & he entered into a gay conversation, upon all sorts of subjects, which detained me, agreeably enough, in a pleasant station by one of the windows."

paragraph: Other well-known people whom he knew and helped included the classical scholar Richard Porson, the radical Thomas Paine and the poet Anna Seward (no relation).

paragraph: Fanny Burney also provided in a letter of 2 May 1799 a vivid account of Seward just before he died: "Poor Mr Seward! – I am indeed exceedingly concerned – nay, grieved for his loss to us – to "us" I trust I may say, for I believe he was so substantially good a Creature, that he has left no fear or regret merely for himself. He fully expected his end was quickly approaching... he spent almost a whole morning with me in chatting of "other times", as he called it – for we travelled back to Streatham, Dr Johnson and the Thrales." Seward had become very fat, and died of dropsy at his lodgings in Dean Street, Soho on 24 April 1799. He was buried in the family vault at Finchley on 1 May.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Many articles, including a series of "Reminiscentia", were supplied by Seward to the "Whitehall Evening Post", and he contributed anecdotes and literary discoveries to Thomas Cadell's "Repository" and the "European Magazine". (The latter published Seward's portrait and lengthy obituary as its lead article in October 1799.) His papers of "Drossiana" in the "European Magazine" from October 1789 formed the basis of his anonymous "Anecdotes of some Distinguished Persons" (1795–1797), 5 vols (a fifth edition in four volumes in 1804). This was followed in 1799 by two volumes of "Biographiana", for which the "Gentleman's Magazine" praised him for "felicity... in hitting off the leading features of his subject." Thomas James Mathias in his long poem "The Pursuits of Literature" speaks of Seward as a "publick bagman for scraps", but describes the volumes as entertaining and their author as the best compiler of anecdotes after Horace Walpole.

description: English collector of anecdotes

wikidata_label: William Seward

wikipedia_title: William Seward (anecdotist)


text:
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
American football
offensive tackle
Carolina Panthers
2000 NFL Draft
college football
Indiana University of Pennsylvania
Jacksonville Jaguars bio

categories: IUP Crimson Hawks football players,San Diego Chargers players,Sportspeople from Pennsylvania,1977 births,Jacksonville Jaguars players,Carolina Panthers players,Players of American football from Pennsylvania,Living people,American football offensive guards,American football offensive tackles

paragraph: Leander Jordan

paragraph: Leander Jordan (born September 15, 1977 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is a former American football offensive tackle. He was drafted by the Carolina Panthers in the third round of the 2000 NFL Draft. He played college football at Indiana University of Pennsylvania.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacksonville Jaguars bio

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Leander Jordan

wikipedia_title: Leander Jordan


text:
Tallinn
Estonia
Estonian
pair skater
Diana Rennik
2006 Winter Olympics

categories: Estonian male pair skaters,Figure skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics,Sportspeople from Tallinn,Olympic figure skaters of Estonia,Living people,1982 births

paragraph: Aleksei Saks

paragraph: Aleksei Saks (born 20 May 1982 in Tallinn, Estonia) is an Estonian pair skater. With Diana Rennik, he is the four times Estonian national champion. The two were placed 17th at the 2006 Winter Olympics. Saks previously competed internationally as a single skater on the junior level.

description: figure skater

wikidata_label: Aleksei Saks

wikipedia_title: Aleksei Saks


text: Australian rules football

text: South Melbourne

text: St Kilda

text: Victorian Football League

text: Victoria

text: Tasmania

text: interstate football

text: mark

text: a popular song of the same name

text: Australian folklore

text: Legends

text: Australian Football Hall of Fame

text: Albert Park

text: Melbourne

text: Carlton Football Club

text: St Kilda

text: South Melbourne

text: Fred "Skeeter" Fleiter

text: The Australian

text: Brownlow Medal

text: Launceston, Tasmania

text: Preston

text: Victorian Football Association

text: Camberwell

text: Hawthorn

text: New Town

text: Tasmanian Football League

text: Hobart

text: name of a song

text: Mike Brady

text: Two-Man Band

text: Australian Football Hall of Fame

text: Cazaly's Stadium

text: Cairns

text: Queensland

text: St Kilda Honor Board

text: Roy Cazaly snr

categories: North Hobart Football Club coaches,Hawthorn Football Club coaches,Camberwell Football Club coaches,Sydney Swans players,Northern Blues coaches,City-South Football Club coaches,City-South Football Club players,Sydney Swans coaches,Trevor Barker Award winners,Glenorchy Football Club coaches,1963 deaths,Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees,St Kilda Football Club players,1893 births,Camberwell Football Club players,Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)

paragraph: Roy Cazaly

paragraph: Roy Cazaly (13 January 1893 – 10 October 1963) was an Australian rules footballer who played for South Melbourne and St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He also represented Victoria and Tasmania in interstate football, and after his retirement as a player, turned to coaching. Known for his ruck work and high-flying marks, he inspired the common catchphrase "Up there, Cazaly!", which became a popular song of the same name, securing his place in Australian folklore.

paragraph: Cazaly was one of 12 inaugural "Legends" inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::Early life/career.

paragraph: Cazaly was born in Albert Park, a suburb of Melbourne, on 13 January 1893. He was the tenth child of English-born James Cazaly and his wife Elizabeth Jemima (née McNee), a midwife and herbalist from Scotland.

paragraph: Cazaly learnt his football at the local state school, quickly becoming its first-choice ruckman. He tried out for VFL side Carlton Football Club in 1910, but quit the club when he injured a shoulder in a reserves match and could not get the Carlton medical staff to treat it. Cazaly crossed to fellow VFL side St Kilda and made his senior debut in 1911 during a players' strike, when many of St Kilda's regular senior players refused to play as a result of a dispute with the club's committee over dressing rooms. He played 99 matches with St Kilda.

paragraph: Section::::VFL fame.

paragraph: In 1920 he left St Kilda, signing with South Melbourne. He coached that club in 1922, and won South's most consistent player award in 1926.

paragraph: Cazaly was famous for his ability to take spectacular marks despite his small stature, and at South Melbourne a teammate, Fred "Skeeter" Fleiter, would often yell "Up there, Cazaly", a phrase that would become synonymous with Australian rules football. He initially developed his marking ability by jumping at a ball strung up in a shed at his home, and held his breath as he jumped, an action that he believed lifted him higher. He also possessed the capacity to kick a football over 65 metres. In 2009 "The Australian" nominated Cazaly as one of the 25 greatest footballers never to win a Brownlow Medal.

paragraph: Section::::VFL fame.:Coaching career.

paragraph: In 1928 he departed Victoria and headed for Launceston, Tasmania, before returning in 1931 to coach Preston in the Victorian Football Association. His subsequent return to Tasmania was punctuated by short stints as non-playing coach of South Melbourne (in 1937–1938), coach of Camberwell (in 1941—at age 48, he was nominally a non-playing coach, but he did strip for a few games late in the season) and non-playing coach of Hawthorn (in 1942–1943), and as non-playing assistant coach of South in 1947. While coaching Hawthorn, he was reported to have given the club its nickname the "Hawks" as he saw it as tougher than their original nickname the "Mayblooms".

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: He is known to have played 378 senior matches (including 13 interstate matches for Victoria and 5 for Tasmania). Throughout his career he stood at just and was incredibly fit. He retired from competitive football in 1941 at the age of 48. Later, he coached (non-playing) New Town to a number of Tasmanian Football League premierships. After his retirement from football, he was involved in many business ventures before his death in Hobart on 10 October 1963. His son, Roy junior, played for New Town after World War II.

paragraph: The famous line of "Up there, Cazaly" was used a battle cry by Australian forces during World War II.

paragraph: It is also the name of a song, released in 1979 by Mike Brady and the Two-Man Band.

paragraph: Cazaly was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame in 1996 as one of the inaugural twelve "Legends".

paragraph: Cazaly's Stadium in Cairns, Queensland is named after Roy Cazaly.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Atkinson, G. (1982) "Everything you ever wanted to know about Australian rules football but couldn't be bothered asking", The Five Mile Press: Melbourne. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Counihan, N.,"Cazaly, Roy (1893–1963)", "Australian Dictionary of Biography", National Centre of Biography, Australian National University,1977.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Australian Dictionary of Biography: Cazaly, Roy (1893–1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- St Kilda Honor Board

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roy Cazaly snr

description: Australian rules footballer and coach

wikidata_label: Roy Cazaly

wikipedia_title: Roy Cazaly


text:
Dope
Primer 55
Society 1
KNZR
Bakersfield, California
Tina Guo
Indianapolis
Sam Ash Music
Pro-Mark
Evans Drumheads
PureSound
Samick

paragraph: Preston Nash

paragraph: Preston Nash is an American musician, drummer, music educator, composer/songwriter, music producer, and former radio personality and producer. He is best known as the drummer for Dope, Primer 55, Society 1, and The Color Red. He is also known as the former producer for "The Ralph Bailey Show" on 1560 KNZR out of Bakersfield, California. As a songwriter and composer, he's written music used in independent films, jingles heard on radio stations around the United States, and has collaborated and recorded with artists including Virus, Billie Stevens, and cellist Tina Guo.

paragraph: Nash is a music educator and drum instructor for over 20 years, and holds 3 degrees in music, including a Master's Degree in Music Theory/Composition. In 2011 he moved to Indianapolis, where he's been a free-lance drummer, the lesson coordinator and a drum instructor at the Sam Ash Music Indianapolis Learning Center, and the director of Sam Ash Music's rock-group program called ASH ROCK. Preston Nash is endorsed by Pearl Drums, Sabian Cymbals, Pro-Mark Drumsticks, Evans Drumheads, PureSound Percussion, and Samick Guitars.

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Preston Nash

wikipedia_title: Preston Nash