text:
Highland High School
Salt Lake City, Utah
football
wide receiver
touchdowns
sacks
interceptions
track & field
sprinter
100-meter dash
400-meter dash
Rivals.com
University of Utah
fumble
2015 NFL draft
injured reserve
Buffalo Bills
Kansas City Chiefs
Seattle Seahawks
Miami Dolphins
Utah Utes bio
Cleveland Browns bio

categories: Sportspeople from Salt Lake City,Kansas City Chiefs players,Seattle Seahawks players,Cleveland Browns players,Players of American football from California,Living people,Players of American football from Utah,American football defensive ends,Samoan players of American football,American people of Samoan descent,Utah Utes football players,Sportspeople from Los Angeles,1993 births,Buffalo Bills players

paragraph: Nate Orchard

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Orchard attended Highland High School in Salt Lake City, Utah. He played football, basketball and competed in track. In football, he played as a wide receiver and defensive end. As a senior, he had 58 receptions for 1,351 yards and 17 touchdowns on offense and 62 tackles, 17.5 sacks and two interceptions on defense. In track & field, Orchard competed as a sprinter and posted personal-bests of 11.9 seconds in the 100-meter dash and 54.3 seconds in the 400-meter dash at the 2009 Region VI T&F Championships.

paragraph: Considered a three-star recruit by Rivals.com, Orchard was ranked as the No. 60 wide receiver in his class.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: As a true freshman at the University of Utah in 2011, Orchard played in all 13 games, recording four tackles. As a sophomore in 2012, he started 11 of the 12 games, recording 48 tackles, three sacks and a touchdown on a fumble recovery. As a junior in 2013, he started all 12 games, recording 49 tackles and 3.5 sacks. Orchard entered his senior season in 2014 as a starter. In his senior season, Orchard recorded 84 tackles, 21 tackles for loss, and 18.5 sacks. His performance as a senior also won Orchard the Hendricks Award for best college defensive end.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Cleveland Browns.

paragraph: The Cleveland Browns picked Orchard in the second round of the 2015 NFL draft. On May 6, he signed a four-year contract worth $4.466 million, which included a $1.058 million signing bonus. At least $2.581 million of Orchard's contract is guaranteed. On October 1, 2016, Orchard was placed on injured reserve.

paragraph: On September 1, 2018, Orchard was released by the Browns.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Buffalo Bills.

paragraph: On September 10, 2018 he was signed by the Buffalo Bills. He was released by the Bills on October 2, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Kansas City Chiefs.

paragraph: On October 10, 2018, Orchard was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs. He was released on November 6, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Seattle Seahawks.

paragraph: On April 4, 2019, Orchard was signed by the Seattle Seahawks. He was released on May 10, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Miami Dolphins.

paragraph: On May 15, 2019, Orchard was signed by the Miami Dolphins.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Orchard legally changed his name from Napa'a Lilo Fakahafua to Nathaniel Fakahafua Orchard in honor of his adopted family. He is married to Maegan Webber Orchard and has a daughter named Katherine Mae Orchard, named after his mother Katherine Orchard.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Utah Utes bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cleveland Browns bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Nate Orchard

wikipedia_title: Nate Orchard


text:
Norwegian
Red Bull Racing
Våler
Norway
Karting
KF3
Junior Monaco Kart Cup
German Junior Karting Championship
KF2
KF1
single-seater
New Zealand
Toyota Racing Series
Manfeild
Formula Renault 2.0 NEC
German
British
Fortec Motorsport
Matt Parry
Pole position
Zandvoort
Formula Renault 2.0 Alps season
Spa-Francorchamps
AV Formula
Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0
Prema Powerteam
Nyck de Vries
Nürburgring
Jerez
Formula Renault 2.0 Alps
2015
Manor
MP Motorsport

categories: People from Våler, Østfold,Norwegian racing drivers,Formula Renault 2.0 Alps drivers,Formula Renault 2.0 NEC drivers,European Le Mans Series drivers,Living people,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,1996 births,Toyota Racing Series drivers,Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 drivers,Formula Masters China drivers,24 Hours of Daytona drivers

paragraph: Dennis Olsen (racing driver)

paragraph: Dennis Olsen (born 14 April 1996) is a Norwegian racing driver. He is currently a member of the Red Bull Racing Simulator Development Program.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Karting.

paragraph: Born in Våler, Norway, Olsen began Karting in his native Norway aged six. After winning numerous junior titles, he stepped up to the KF3 class in 2009, winning the Norwegian title. He retained his title in 2010, a year which also saw him finish second in the Junior Monaco Kart Cup and third in the German Junior Karting Championship. In 2011, Olsen won his third consecutive Norwegian KF3 title, the German KF3 championship and the WSK Cup Final KF2 titles. For his final year of karting in 2012, he successfully defended his WSK Cup Final KF2 title and also won the prestigious German KF1 karting championship.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Toyota Racing Series.

paragraph: Olsen began his single-seater career in early 2013, racing in the New Zealand-based Toyota Racing Series, becoming the first Norwegian driver to enter the series. He finished the championship in thirteenth place, scoring a best race result of fifth in the final round of the series at Manfeild.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Formula Renault 2.0.

paragraph: Olsen's main racing program for 2013 was in the Formula Renault 2.0 NEC championship, racing for German team Josef Kaufmann Racing. He finished third in the standings, behind the British Fortec Motorsports pairing of Jack Aitken and Matt Parry after taking three podium finishes. He also recorded a Pole position for the final race of the season at Zandvoort, but the race was cancelled due to heavy rain. He also contested a one-off round of the Formula Renault 2.0 Alps season at Spa-Francorchamps with the AV Formula team.

paragraph: For 2014, Olsen graduated to the Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 championship with Prema Powerteam. He finished second in the standings, behind champion Nyck de Vries, after taking three podium places including race wins at Spa-Francorchamps and the Nürburgring. At the final round of the season in Jerez, he finished second in the first race, a result that initially earned him the runner-up spot in the championship, but was later disqualified for a technical infringement. He did, however, secure second in the championship the following day after finishing seventh in the final race of the season.

paragraph: He also contested a partial campaign in the Formula Renault 2.0 Alps championship with Prema, taking six top ten finishes in the six races he took part in.

paragraph: Olsen will remain in Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 for a second season in 2015, switching to Manor MP Motorsport.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Career summary.

paragraph: As Olsen was a guest driver, he was ineligible for championship points.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete European Le Mans Series results.

paragraph: Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance was completed.

description: Norwegian racing driver

wikidata_label: Dennis Olsen

wikipedia_title: Dennis Olsen (racing driver)


text:
German
track and field
pole vault
Basel
FC Freiburg
German Athletics Championships
Julius Müller
Josef Haunzwickel
Anschluss
1938 European Athletics Championships
Gustav Wegner
Bo Ljungberg
championship record
World War II
athletics
Spandau
Berlin

categories: 2003 deaths,1914 births,People from Basel-Stadt,German male pole vaulters

paragraph: Karl Sutter

paragraph: Karl Sutter (10 May 1914 – 14 September 2003) was a German track and field athlete who competed in the pole vault.

paragraph: Born in Basel, Switzerland, he was a member of FC Freiburg sports club and chose to compete internationally for Germany. His first success at national level came in 1937, when he was runner-up at the German Athletics Championships to Julius Müller. He only reached the national podium on one more occasion, in 1939 when he was second to Austria's Josef Haunzwickel (who competed due to the Anschluss).

paragraph: In spite of his failure to claim a national title in his career, he was the winner at the 1938 European Athletics Championships. Following in the footsteps of his compatriot Gustav Wegner (the 1934 winner), he defeated Bo Ljungberg and won in a championship record mark of . Given the onset of World War II, he did not compete at any further international athletics competitions and the European gold medal remained the highlight of his short career.

paragraph: Sutter died in 2003 in Spandau, Berlin.

description: German pole vaulter

wikidata_label: Karl Sutter

wikipedia_title: Karl Sutter


text:
soldier
Spanish Crown
Río de la Plata
Paraguay
County of Flanders
Franco
Flemish
adelantado
Pedro de Mendoza
ship
Domingo Martinez de Irala
Blas Testanova
Dionis de Lys
Esteban Alegre
Corrientes
iaa.fadu.uba.ar

categories: Explorers of Argentina,Flemish diaspora,Flemish soldiers,Spanish colonial governors and administrators,16th-century explorers,People from Buenos Aires,1510s births

paragraph: Luis Alegre

paragraph: Luis Alegre (c. 1510-1570s) was a Flemish soldier, in the service of the Spanish Crown, who served as conquistador and expeditionary of the Río de la Plata and Paraguay.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Alegre was born in the County of Flanders, belonging to a family of Franco-Flemish roots. In 1534 he arrived at the Río de la Plata with the adelantado, Pedro de Mendoza. In 1538, Luis Alegre moved to Asunción, aboard the ship "La Marañona", and attended the election of Domingo Martinez de Irala as Lieutenant Governor.

paragraph: He was married to Magdalena Testanova, possible daughter of Blas Testanova, the first doctor of the Río de la Plata. He remarriage with Catalina Lys, daughter of flemish conquistador Dionis de Lys. They had a son named Esteban Alegre, a neighbor founder of Corrientes and Buenos Aires.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- iaa.fadu.uba.ar

description: politician

wikidata_label: Luis Alegre

wikipedia_title: Luis Alegre


text: bishops of Nice

text: Grenoble

text: Ralph de Chissé

text: archbishop of Tarentaise

text: cathedral

text: mausoleum

text: Gothic

text: steeple

text: Grenoble

text: Provost

text: diocese

text: Council of Florence

text: Pope Eugene IV

categories: Bishops of Nice,15th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Aymon de Chissé

paragraph: Aymon de Chissé was the name of two 15th-century bishops of Nice and Grenoble.

paragraph: Section::::Aymon I.

paragraph: Aymon I (died 1428) was the nephew of Ralph de Chissé, also bishop of Grenoble and later archbishop of Tarentaise. Aymon became bishop of Grenoble in 1388. As bishop and art lover he built the sanctuary of the cathedral mausoleum with its Gothic sculptures.

paragraph: During his episcopate, the first public clock in Grenoble was commissioned (23 June 1398) and set in the steeple of the Collegiate Church of Saint-André, Grenoble, In 1424, he had built the Notre-Dame Hospital in the Rue Chenoise, Grenoble.

paragraph: In 1427 he exchanged bishoprics with his nephew Aymon II, bishop of Nice, and died the following year.

paragraph: Section::::Aymon II.

paragraph: Aymon II (d. 1450) was the nephew of Aymon I and was likewise bishop of Nice and Grenoble.

paragraph: He was Provost of the Collegiate Church of Saint-André, Grenoble until becoming bishop of Nice in 1422. He exchanged his diocese with his uncle in 1427 to become his successor as bishop of Grenoble.

paragraph: Aymon II attended the Council of Florence in 1431 where he was responsible for beginning the "formalities of absence" against Pope Eugene IV, who had refused the summons to address the council.

paragraph: Aymon II died in 1450.

wikidata_label: Aymon Ier de Chissé

wikipedia_title: Aymon de Chissé


text:
Roman Catholic
saint
martyr
bishop of Nice
Côte d'Azur
Decius
venerated
feast day
patron saint
Cupra Marittima
Italy
Nice
Decian persecution

categories: 3rd-century Christian martyrs,3rd-century bishops,3rd-century Christian saints,Year of birth unknown,250s deaths,Gallo-Roman saints,Bishops of Nice

paragraph: Bassus of Nice

paragraph: Saint Bassus of Nice (d. 250/251) is a 3rd-century Roman Catholic saint and martyr, traditionally the earliest named bishop of Nice.

paragraph: He was active on the Côte d'Azur, and was martyred for his faith under the Emperor Decius by being burned with red-hot blades and pierced from head to feet by two large ship-building nails, one through each foot.

paragraph: He is venerated as a saint. His feast day is 5 December. He is the patron saint of Cupra Marittima in Italy, where his body was taken after his death, and since 1922 or 1923 the second patron saint of Nice.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Decian persecution

wikidata_label: San Basso di Nizza

wikipedia_title: Bassus of Nice


text:
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
gothic metal
Lacuna Coil
"Delirium"
heavy metal music
W.A.S.P.
YouTube
Wacken
Adele
Alanis Morissette
Amy Lee
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
dance
classical music
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Swan Lake
W.A.S.P.
YouTube
W.A.S.P.
Randy Piper
Doug Blair
Musikfest
Bethlehem
Vans
Brooklyn, New York
Webster Hall
The Cutting Room
Hard Rock Cafe
Philadelphia
Germany
Trocadero Theatre
Spain
Wacken
Blaze Bayley
DORO
Hammerfall
Axxis
Musikfest
Martin Guitar
Scott Rockenfield
Queensrÿche
Nick Douglas
DORO
Milan
Italy
gothic metal
Lacuna Coil
"Delirium"
Marco Coti Zelati
Doug Blair
W.A.S.P.
symphonic death metal
Eclipse Records
alternative metal
gothic
Adele
Alanis Morissette
Amy Lee
Evanescence
Eclipse Records
Melissa VanFleet's Official Website
Melissa VanFleet's Facebook Page
Melissa VanFleet's YouTube Channel
Melissa VanFleet's Instagram

categories: Alternative rock singers,People from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania,Songwriters from Pennsylvania,21st-century American guitarists,21st-century American pianists,21st-century American women writers,American rock singers,1986 births,21st-century American singers,American rock songwriters,American multi-instrumentalists,American contraltos,People from the Lehigh Valley,Guitarists from Pennsylvania,American rock pianists,Living people,People from Northampton County, Pennsylvania,American mezzo-sopranos,American women pianists,American singer-songwriters,Female rock singers,Singers from Pennsylvania,American female singer-songwriters

paragraph: Melissa VanFleet

paragraph: Melissa Ann VanFleet (born February 8, 1986) is an American singer-songwriter and musician from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Her debut project "Ode To The Dark" was recorded with the team behind Italian gothic metal band Lacuna Coil's 2016 album "Delirium" and released to underground critical acclaim on October 13, 2018. She has garnered attention among the heavy metal music community for her piano cover version of American heavy metal band W.A.S.P.'s song "Sleeping (In The Fire)" on YouTube and acoustic 2015 LP "Metal Lullabies". She has toured internationally and appeared on the Full Metal Cruise II presented by Wacken. Her vocals have been compared to Adele, Alanis Morissette and Amy Lee.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Melissa VanFleet was born February 8, 1986 in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. She sang her first solo when she was in third grade and completed her first studio recording at the age of 12. As a child, she wrote poetry and lyrics as a form of therapy to help deal with complications of having a parent with a chronic illness. VanFleet is a self-taught vocalist and pianist. She is also a trained dancer in all styles. She has said that being a ballerina instilled in her an appreciation for classical music and cites Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's "Swan Lake" as a major influence.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: VanFleet recorded a piano cover version of American heavy metal band W.A.S.P.'s ballad "Sleeping (In The Fire)" in 2012. She originally recorded the cover as a birthday present for her dad and then posted the video on YouTube. VanFleet has received acclaim from present and past members of W.A.S.P., including co-founder and original guitarist Randy Piper and present lead guitarist Doug Blair.

paragraph: In 2013 and 2014, VanFleet performed at various venues including Musikfest in her hometown of Bethlehem, House of Vans in Brooklyn, New York, Webster Hall, The Cutting Room and had several long-term residencies at Hard Rock Cafe Philadelphia. She began working with booking and management company Noisegate Productions, based in Germany. She debuted as the vocalist of dark alternative duo COPPÉLIA at the Trocadero Theatre in September 2014.

paragraph: In April 2015, VanFleet went on tour in Spain. She also performed on the Full Metal Cruise II, presented by German music promoter Wacken, alongside Blaze Bayley, DORO, Hammerfall, Axxis and more. Her acoustic LP "Metal Lullabies" was released on August 19, 2015. She performed at Musikfest in August 2015 to promote the album release and was named #1 of "7 Stellar Acts at Martin Guitar Lyrikplatz."

paragraph: In 2016, VanFleet revealed to Ultimate Guitar that she was collaborating on a project with Scott Rockenfield of Queensrÿche and Nick Douglas of DORO.

paragraph: In February 2017, VanFleet recorded at BRX Studio in Milan, Italy with the team behind Italian gothic metal band Lacuna Coil's 2016 album "Delirium" – producer/bassist Marco Coti Zelati with engineers Marco Barusso, Dario Valentini and Marco D'Agostino – and her debut single "Raven," featuring Doug Blair of W.A.S.P. on lead guitar, was released on October 13, 2017. A visual teaser trailer was published to YouTube on October 6, 2017 to promote the single. VanFleet recorded a live piano version of "Raven" as part of an exclusive for "Rock Rebel Magazine" in March 2018.

paragraph: In February 2018, VanFleet revealed plans of a forthcoming EP during an interview on the "Emptyspiral" podcast. On October 6, 2018, three promotional visual teaser trailers were published to YouTube and VanFleet released the project "Ode To The Dark" to underground critical acclaim on October 13, 2018.

paragraph: In May 2019, VanFleet was featured as a guest vocalist on a song titled "Nemesis" by Italian symphonic death metal band Genus Ordinis Dei. The single was released via Eclipse Records on May 24, 2019 and the music video debuted on May 28, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.

paragraph: VanFleet's sound has been described as atmospheric alternative metal with orchestral and gothic elements. She has said that she naturally gravitates toward dark themes and topics when writing songs. VanFleet's emotionally intense vocal delivery has been compared to the likes of Adele, Alanis Morissette and Amy Lee of Evanescence.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Extended plays.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ode To The Dark" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Raven" (2017)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Acoustic albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Metal Lullabies" (2015)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As featured artist.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nemesis" - Genus Ordinis Dei (2019 via Eclipse Records)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Melissa VanFleet's Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Melissa VanFleet's Facebook Page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Melissa VanFleet's YouTube Channel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Melissa VanFleet's Instagram

wikidata_label: Melissa VanFleet

wikipedia_title: Melissa VanFleet


text:
French
major general
Battle of Eylau
Battle of Aspern-Essling
Battle of Wagram
brigadier general
French invasion of Russia
First French Empire
Napoleon Bonaparte
Legion of Honour
Order of Saint Louis

categories: 1771 births,Barons of the First French Empire,First French Empire brigadier generals of 1807,Knights of the Order of Saint Louis,1822 deaths,Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur

paragraph: Joseph Jean-Baptiste Albert

paragraph: Joseph Jean-Baptiste Albert (1771 – 1822) was a French "general de division" (major general). He fought at the Battle of Eylau, the Battle of Aspern-Essling and the Battle of Wagram. He was made a brigadier general in 1807. He was involved in the French invasion of Russia in 1812. He was made a baron of the First French Empire by Napoleon Bonaparte. He was a grand officer of the Legion of Honour and a knight of the Order of Saint Louis.

description: French soldier

wikidata_label: Joseph Jean-Baptiste Albert

wikipedia_title: Joseph Jean-Baptiste Albert


text: Perpignan

text: femme de lettres

text: Joseph Bodin de Boismortier

text: Jean Capeille

text: Suzanne Bodin de Boismortier

text: Data.bnf.fr

categories: 1722 births,18th-century French writers,People from Perpignan,18th-century French dramatists and playwrights,French women dramatists and playwrights,18th-century French women writers,18th-century French novelists,French women novelists

paragraph: Suzanne Bodin de Boismortier

paragraph: Suzanne Bodin de Boismortier (13 November 1722 in Perpignan – 25 June 1799 in Paris) was an 18th-century French femme de lettres.

paragraph: The daughter of composer Joseph Bodin de Boismortier and Marie Valette, daughter of a Catalan goldsmith, the details of her life are unknown except that she acquired a certain reputation by publishing several plays and two novels: "Mémoires historiques de la Comtesse de Mariemberg" (Amsterdam in 1751) and "Histoire de Jacques Feru et de la valeureuse demoiselle Agathe Mignard" (The Hague, 1766).

paragraph: Suzanne Bodin de Boismortier is also attributed "Histoires morales suivies d'une correspondance épistolaire entre deux dames" (Paris, 1768)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Capeille, « Bodin de Boismortier (Suzanne) », in "Dictionnaire de biographies roussillonnaises", Perpignan, 1914

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Suzanne Bodin de Boismortier on Data.bnf.fr

description: French playwright (1722-1799)

wikidata_label: Suzanne Bodin de Boismortier

wikipedia_title: Suzanne Bodin de Boismortier


text: Filipino

text: Roman Catholic

text: Archbishop

text: Philippines

text: Iloilo City

text: Philippines

text: Ateneo de Manila

text: History

text: Government

text: magna cum laude

text: Philosophy

text: Theology

text: master's degree

text: Political Science

text: University of the Philippines

text: University of Wisconsin–Madison

text: United States

text: doctorate

text: Development

text: Society of Jesus

text: Siay, Zamboanga Sibugay

text: professor

text: Xavier University

text: Sociology

text: Economics

text: Religious studies

text: chairman

text: non-governmental organization

text: Pope John Paul II

text: Coadjutor Prelate

text: Ipil

text: Federico O. Escaler

text: Prelate

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Archbishop

text: Cagayan de Oro

text: Typhoon Sendong

text: 2016 Philippine Presidential Elections

text: Rodrigo Duterte

text: Davao City

text: Mindanao

text: Muslim

text: separatists

text: Bangsamoro Basic Law

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Society of Jesus

text: Roman Catholic Diocese of Ipil

categories: 1943 births,University of the Philippines alumni,21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Filipino religious leaders,Filipino Jesuits,Archbishops of Cagayan de Oro,Ateneo de Manila University alumni,Catholic Church in the Philippines,Visayans,People from Iloilo City,20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni,Living people,Filipino archbishops

paragraph: Antonio Ledesma

paragraph: Antonio J. Ledesma (born March 28, 1943) is a Filipino Roman Catholic clergyman who is currently the Archbishop of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Cagayan de Oro in the Philippines.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born Antonio Javellana Ledesma on March 28, 1943 in Iloilo City, Philippines. He spent his elementary years at St. Aloysius School and later at the Ateneo de Manila. Since then, he remained with the Ateneo until he finished his degree in History and Government, graduating "magna cum laude" in 1963.

paragraph: He studied Philosophy and Theology at the Loyola House of Studies from 1966 to 1968 and from 1970 to 1973, respectively. He attained his master's degree in Political Science from the University of the Philippines. He attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the United States, completing his doctorate in Development in 1980.

paragraph: Section::::Ministry.

paragraph: Section::::Ministry.:Priesthood.

paragraph: On May 30, 1963, Ledesma entered the Society of Jesus. He was ordained priest on April 16, 1973.

paragraph: He served as an assistant parish priest in Siay, Zamboanga Sibugay from 1980 to 1981. From 1982 to 1996, he worked as a professor and was assigned to various positions in Xavier University. He taught Sociology, Economics, and Religious studies.

paragraph: During the same period, he sat as chairman of different societies and non-governmental organizations.

paragraph: Section::::Ministry.:Episcopal.

paragraph: Pope John Paul II appointed Ledesma as Coadjutor Prelate of Ipil on June 13, 1996. He succeeded Federico O. Escaler as the Prelate of Ipil on June 28, 1997.

paragraph: On March 4, 2006, he was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI as Archbishop of Cagayan de Oro. During his reign, he has led the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines as Chairman of the Episcopal Commission on Inter-religious Dialogue since 2009. He has convened local religious leaders in inter-religious dialogues on different social issues. In the aftermath of Typhoon Sendong and in the absence of local government leadership, he led the multi-sectoral relief effort to address the needs of calamity victims.

paragraph: During the 2016 Philippine Presidential Elections, he wrote a pastoral letter calling out presidential candidate Rodrigo Duterte for his inaction on the rising number of extrajudicial killings in Davao City where the latter was mayor. One month into the presidency of eventual winner Duterte, Ledesma made a call to stop extrajudicial killings. He said:

paragraph: Ledesma has also supported efforts to resolve Mindanao's protracted struggle with Muslim separatists. He has spoken and advocated for the Bangsamoro Basic Law.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Church

paragraph: BULLET::::- Society of Jesus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cagayan de Oro

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Ipil

paragraph: BULLET::::- Southeast Asia Rural Social Leadership Institute

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Antonio Ledesma

wikipedia_title: Antonio Ledesma


text:
professional golfer
PGA Tour of Australasia
Big West Conference
NCAA
All-American
U.S. Amateur
Windsor Charity Classic
PGA Tour
Homer Kelley
physics
geometry
Bobby Clampett
Mac O'Grady
persimmon
Chess
USGA
Alister MacKenzie
San Francisco Bay Area
golf
persimmon

wikipedia_title: National Collegiate Athletic Association

wikipedia_title: United States Amateur Championship (golf)

categories: Golfers from California,1964 births,American male golfers,PGA Tour of Australasia golfers,Fresno State Bulldogs men's golfers

paragraph: John Erickson (golfer)

paragraph: John Erickson (born January 5, 1964) is an American professional golfer who played the Canadian Tour from 1987 to 1994 and the PGA Tour of Australasia Tour from 1987 to 1992.

paragraph: Section::::Competition.

paragraph: Erickson was a top national collegiate player at Fresno State - Sun Bowl All American, 1985 Big West Conference champion, NCAA All-American as well as a quarter finalist in the 1983 U.S. Amateur. As a pro he won several events worldwide including the 1991 Windsor Charity Classic shooting a 17 under par tournament record score of 271 (68-67-67-69) on the Canadian Tour. He was one of the last players to win an international event using a persimmon driver. In 1991, Erickson was a Sony World ranked professional player.

paragraph: In November 2008, Erickson made a return to professional competition and the winner's circle taking home a 7 stroke victory in the Las Vegas Classic Club Open played at Las Vegas National Golf Club which hosted the Las Vegas Invitational on the PGA Tour throughout the 1960s and 1970s. The event was unique in that it required players to use equipment no later than 1979. No metal woods, long putters, or wedges over 56 degrees were allowed. The event followed the rules and guidelines of the Traditional Rules of Golf (TRGA).

paragraph: Section::::The Golfing Machine.

paragraph: Erickson was an early protégé of the controversial teaching method "The Golfing Machine" that was based upon the book of the same name written by Homer Kelley. The Golfing Machine drew from physics and geometry, breaking the golf swing down into 24 components, 4 power accumulators, 16 variations, and 4 imperatives. The objective nature of the teaching methodology differs from the past in that the teacher must remain objective and not inject a subjective or mysterious nature into instruction. "Complexity is far more simple and workable than mystery" quoted from "The Golfing Machine" (preface). Bobby Clampett, and Mac O'Grady were also having success using the Golfing Machine model around this time period.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement.

paragraph: In 1994 Erickson retired from competition to pursue other non golf interests. As a golf purist, he believed woods should be made of wood or persimmon, strongly opposed perimeter weighted irons, and believed golf courses were sacred sites to celebrate and play the ancient game, not a vehicle to sell real estate home lots. Erickson believed golf should be a game of physical and mental skill, much like Chess where the rules for play are honored and respected. He believed the USGA sold out to equipment makers, prostituting the game for profit, forcing a new technology upon golf, which in the past had been a game of integrity and tradition. Erickson believed the world's classic old courses were not meant to be lengthened and in doing so, disgraced the design, shape, and intent of the holes these visionary architects so masterfully crafted. Erickson is outspoken about his support for famous golf architect Alister MacKenzie's ideals, who believed golf should be walked, and the game should be more about skill than the pursuit of technological advances in equipment.

paragraph: Erickson lives in the San Francisco Bay Area and still plays golf with persimmon and blade style irons, and rarely plays a round with anyone using metal woods or perimeter weighted irons.

paragraph: Section::::Author.

paragraph: Erickson has been a consultant for the Traditional Rules of Golf Association (TRGA) and has been a contributing author and part of the TRGA brain trust.

paragraph: Erickson is also working on a book about the golf swing.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 U.S. Amateur

paragraph: BULLET::::- Big West Conference Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 Sun Bowl All Americans

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notable 1964 Births

paragraph: BULLET::::- Las Vegas Classic Club Open

paragraph: BULLET::::- Personal Writings

description: professional golfer

wikidata_label: John Erickson

wikipedia_title: John Erickson (golfer)


text:
German
Berlin
World War II
Erwin Rommel
Sefton Delmer
Stern
Munich, Germany
landscape photography

wikipedia_title:
Germany
Berlin
World War II
Erwin Rommel
Sefton Delmer
Stern (magazine)
Munich
Landscape photography

paragraph: Peter Bock-Schroeder

paragraph: Peter Bock-Schroeder (1913-2001) was a German photographer and photo journalist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bock-Schroeder studied photojournalism at Photo-Atelier Binder in Berlin, and graduated in 1933. During World War II he served in Erwin Rommel's Afrika Corps as gunner and war correspondent. In 1946, Sefton Delmer hired him to work for the German news service. In the 1950s, he traveled extensively with contracts from leading German news magazines, "Stern", "Quick", and "Revue". In 1956, one year after the peace treaty between Russia and Germany, Peter Bock-Schroeder was the first West-German photographer to get permission to work in the USSR. In 1962, he settled in Munich, Germany, and died on February 19, 2001.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Peter Bock-Schroeder the illegitimate son of a dashing Russian expatriate and the daughter of conservative German burghers, was born in the booming port city of Hamburg on November 30, 1913. He never knew his father, who was killed after returning to his native St. Petersburg. His mother, Meta Bock, later married, gaining a husband named Schroeder as well as a measure of respectability for herself and for her son.

paragraph: In 1929, at the age of 16, Bock-Schroeder left home to find a future in Berlin, the vibrant Weimar capital then in the rapturous throes of a great cultural flowering. Along with the filmmakers, musicians, actors, architects, playwrights, composers, painters and novelists who filled Berlin’s cafes, photographers too were caught in the blooming. Encouraged by a friend of his stepfather’s family who “believed to have discovered a visual talent in me,” Bock-Schroeder wrote in a self-deprecating autobiographical sketch, the fledgling photographer borrowed 150 Reichmarks from his benefactor and enrolled in an apprentice program at the renowned Atelier Binder photo studios. The studio was famous for having nurtured the talents of such prominent German photographers as Erich Balg, Sonja Goergi, Hubs Floter, Friedrich Aschenbrauch and Joe Niczky. The apprenticeship taught him everything about the operation of a photo studio, but little about the art of taking pictures.

paragraph: After months spent “retouching negatives and positives, playing the peek-a-boo clown for children’s portraits and going to buy the bread rolls for the boss,” he left the studio and enrolled at the Bräuhaus school where Balg himself taught an inspirational class. “The little technical know-how I have, I owe to him,” Bock-Schroeder wrote. “One of his school exercises was to take a photo of the Brandenburg gate as no one had ever seen it before; using only a very rudimentary camera, he wanted us to find a new way of seeing something that had already been photographed millions of times. I took my shot of it looking between the legs of the policemen there and got a good grade.”

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Pre-War Years.

paragraph: His knack for framing the familiar in interesting ways served him well during a visit to the Netherlands, where he made some life-changing discoveries. “I was fascinated by the vastness of the country,” he wrote. He returned to Berlin having not only discovered a love for landscape photography that would sustain him throughout his life. He also learned that he could earn a living by taking pictures when he sold his Netherlands photos for publication. After two years at Brauhaus, Bock-Schroeder, at the age of 18, began his professional career as a journeyman photographer, chronicling his travels through Sweden, England and Belgium. “Travel is the best education for a photographer,” he wrote. “In those wander years I was able to experiment and shoot however I felt like. I had time, there were no `musts’ and earning a living wasn’t an issue. I was married to my camera.”

paragraph: Of all the activities that flourished in Berlin before the lights went out on Jan. 30, 1933, when Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany and the 12 years Nazi nightmare began, none was more exciting – nor more dangerous – than politics. While Nazis and Communists battled in the streets, 20-year-old Bock-Schroeder joined the Social Democratic Party (SPD). With the triumph of the right, the leftist SPD was banned, its leadership imprisoned and in many cases murdered. Detained and questioned by the Gestapo in 1933 when his name appeared on membership roles of the banned Social Democratic Party, Bock-Schroeder was ordered to work as part of the "Arbeits Dienst".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:World War II.

paragraph: When, in 1938, as the Nazi war machine geared up for the coming invasion of Poland and the state-run Kristallnacht pogrom signaled the beginning of all-out war against Germany's Jewish population, Bock- Schroeder attempted to flee to the Netherlands. He was arrested and sent back to Germany. When the war broke out on September 1, 1939, Bock-Schroeder enlisted in the Luftwaffe. During the war he served as aerial gunner and war correspondent in Erwin Rommel’s Afrika Corps. By the spring of 1945, Bock-Schroeder and fellow veterans of Rommel’s vanquished Afrika Corps were ordered to take part in a final campaign. Bock-Schroeder managed to escape the airbase near Nürnberg, and bicycled 600 kilometers to Hamburg where he surrendered to British forces in his birthplace.

paragraph: Peter Bock-Schroeder was imprisoned in a British POW camp.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Post War.

paragraph: Released in the summer of 1945, he applied for employment at the fledgling German News Service (today dpa). He was hired on the spot by Sefton Delmer. Delmer was commissioned to set up the first news agency in the British zone, called the German News Service. He recruited 63 employees. Among the recruited radio operators and telex operators, interpreters, mathematicians, physicists, photographers and news assistants was Peter Bock-Schroeder. As news agency photo-journalist, Bock-Schroeder traveled throughout Allied occupied Germany and the neighboring nations of Europe. In 1949, Bock-Schroeder, then 36, was hired by “Stern Magazine” as photo journalist, and sent on assignments around the world. He also worked for “Quick Magazine” and “Revue” “Constanze” and “Jasmin”. On a Reportage in Cypress in 1949, he met his first wife. She was American, working for the Foreign Office. They moved to the U.S., but the marriage only lasted for two years. Peter Bock-Schroeder was not ready to settle down, yet. Instead he became a wanderer, photographing in North and South America, as well as Europe and the Middle East. Money had no relevance to him, but the quality of his photos guaranteed him work with all the major German magazines and newspapers.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:The Sovjets.

paragraph: In 1956, one year after the peace treaty between Russia and Germany, Peter Bock-Schroeder was the first West-German photographer to get permission to work in the USSR. The task was to travel with an international film crew on the production of the documentary: Russia today, We saw with our eyes. The film was approved by the Soviet authorities. His journey took him through the huge space of the former Soviet republics - from the oriental south to the far north, from western Russia to the Siberian east. On the eve of his departure to West Berlin, Bock-Schroeder sewed most of the exposed rolls of film into his trench coat and brought his work out of Russia into West-Berlin.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later career.

paragraph: During a Reportage in the South of Germany he met his second wife. They got married in 1960 in Munich and had four children. Peter Bock-Schroeder continued to work for magazines and publishing houses. In 1972 he worked with Otl Aicher during the Munich Olympics, as photographer and coordinator of the international press team. At the age of 60 he signed a contract with the “Munich International Airport - Press Department”. His architectural and portrait works of that time have been published in books and magazines.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death and legacy.

paragraph: On February 19, 2001 Peter Bock-Schroeder died age 87 in Munich. He was surrounded by his wife, his four children and three grandchildren. Peter Bock-Schroeder’s Photographic Archive is administered and represented by the Peter Bock-Schroeder Foundation in Paris, France. The Bock-Schroeder Foundation is committed to promote the awareness and appreciation of the works of

paragraph: German Photo Journalist Peter Bock-Schroeder

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Peter Bock-Schroeder Foundation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Bock-Schroeder - Disturbed Landscapes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Bock-Schroeder - The Sovjets

description: German photographer

wikidata_label: Peter Bock-Schroeder

wikipedia_title: Peter Bock-Schroeder


text: baseball

text: outfielder

text: Major League Baseball

text: Cleveland Indians

text: Houston Astros

text: University of Arizona

text: college baseball

text: Arizona Wildcats

text: Westview High School

text: Oakland Athletics

text: 2002 Major League Baseball Draft

text: University of Arizona

text: college baseball

text: Arizona Wildcats baseball

text: Pac-10 Conference

text: Jacoby Ellsbury

text: racquetball

text: Cleveland Indians

text: 2005 Major League Baseball Draft

text: Carolina League

text: Akron Aeros

text: center fielder

text: second base

text: outfield

text: David Dellucci

text: Texas Rangers

text: Rangers Ballpark in Arlington

text: Columbus Clippers

text: Houston Astros

text: Official Website of Trevor Crowe

categories: American racquetball players,Cleveland Indians players,Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players,Houston Astros players,Major League Baseball outfielders,Mahoning Valley Scrappers players,Arizona Wildcats baseball players,Oklahoma City RedHawks players,Columbus Clippers players,Lake County Captains players,Sportspeople from Portland, Oregon,Akron Aeros players,Gulf Coast Astros players,Living people,Arizona League Indians players,Kinston Indians players,Peoria Javelinas players,Baseball players from Oregon,Surprise Rafters players,Salt Lake Bees players,1983 births

paragraph: Trevor Crowe

paragraph: Trevor Thornton Crowe (born November 17, 1983) is a former American professional baseball outfielder. He has played in Major League Baseball for the Cleveland Indians and Houston Astros. Prior to playing professionally, Crowe attended the University of Arizona, where he played college baseball for the Arizona Wildcats.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Amateur career.

paragraph: Crowe attended Westview High School, and was selected by the Oakland Athletics in the 20th round of the 2002 Major League Baseball Draft. Crowe did not sign with the Athletics, instead enrolled at the University of Arizona, where he played college baseball for the Arizona Wildcats baseball team. Crowe was named the 2005 Pac-10 Conference Co-Player of the Year, with Jacoby Ellsbury.

paragraph: An all-around athlete, Crowe was a competitive racquetball player in his teenage years and was one of the top players in the nation.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Cleveland Indians.

paragraph: The Cleveland Indians selected Crowe in the first round, with the 14th overall selection, in the 2005 Major League Baseball Draft. Crowe was named to the 2006 Carolina League All-Star game, but was unable to participate due to injury. He started the 2007 season as the Akron Aeros starting center fielder. After an unsuccessful experiment at second base beginning in late August 2006, Crowe was moved permanently back to the outfield, rotating between all three outfield positions.

paragraph: After initially being optioned to the minors on March 28, 2009, Crowe was recalled at the end of Spring Training due to an injury to David Dellucci and was part of the Indians Opening Day roster.

paragraph: Crowe started as the right fielder for the Indians in his MLB debut on April 9, 2009 against the Texas Rangers at Rangers Ballpark in Arlington. Crowe went 0-for-5 including one strikeout.

paragraph: Crowe was outrighted to the Triple-A Columbus Clippers on November 2, 2011. He was invited to the Indians 2012 spring training camp as a non-roster invitee on February 15, 2012. He was released by Cleveland on July 16. He is currently represented by Scott Leventhal and All Bases Covered Sports Management.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.

paragraph: Crowe was signed by the Los Angeles Angels on July 17, 2012, and was assigned to Salt Lake Bees.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Houston Astros.

paragraph: Crowe joined the Houston Astros before the 2013 season. He was outrighted off the roster on October 17, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Detroit Tigers.

paragraph: He signed a minor league deal with the Detroit Tigers in January 2014. On July 20, 2014, Crowe was released by the Detroit Tigers.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minor League Splits and Sitautional Stats

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website of Trevor Crowe

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Trevor Crowe

wikipedia_title: Trevor Crowe


text: tsar

text: Bulgaria

text: Serbian court

text: Ivan Sratsimir

text: Nicolae Alexandru

text: Wallachia

text: Tărnovo

text: Bayezid I

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Battle of Nicopolis

text: Vidin

text: Bayezid I

text: Tsardom of Vidin

text: Fruzhin

text: Ivan Shishman

text: Ottoman Interregnum

text: Serbian despot

text: Stefan Lazarević

text: Wallachian voivode

text: Mircea I

text: Ottoman Sultan

text: Musa

text: Mehmed I

text: Hungary

text: Serbia

text: Serbian court

text: Second Bulgarian Empire

text: Ottoman conquest

text: until 1878

text: Konstantin Buttress

text: Nordenskjöld Coast

text: Graham Land

text: Antarctica

text: Detailed list of Bulgarian rulers

categories: Sratsimir dynasty,15th-century Bulgarian emperors,14th-century Bulgarian emperors,People from Vidin,1422 deaths,Eastern Orthodox monarchs,1370s births

paragraph: Constantine II of Bulgaria

paragraph: Constantine II (, "Konstantin II Asen"), allegedly ruled as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 1397 to 1422. He was born in the early 1370s, and died in exile at the Serbian court on 17 September 1422. Constantine II claimed the title Emperor of Bulgaria and was accepted as such by foreign governments, but he is often omitted from listings of rulers of Bulgaria.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Constantine II Asen was the son of Ivan Sratsimir (Ivan Sracimir) of Bulgaria by Anna, daughter of prince Nicolae Alexandru of Wallachia. He was crowned co-emperor by his father in or before 1395, when he was sent on a mission to the old Bulgarian capital Tărnovo.

paragraph: We know almost nothing about Constantine II's circumstances after his father's arrest and imprisonment by Sultan Bayezid I in 1396. At that time, Ivan Stratsimir was contributing with soldiers to assist the Christian nations' bid to resist the advance of the Ottoman Empire. Following the Battle of Nicopolis, Vidin finally fell under the sphere of the Ottomans led by Bayezid I.

paragraph: Some Bulgarian historians suppose that Tsardom of Vidin's most western territories may have remained under Constantine II's rule almost until his death in 1422. Together with his cousin Fruzhin (Fružin), a son of Ivan Shishman (Ivan Šišman), Constantine II took advantage of the Ottoman Interregnum to raise an anti-Ottoman revolt in northwestern Bulgaria. Constantine II was also allied to the Serbian despot Stefan Lazarević and the Wallachian voivode Mircea I. The anti-Ottoman rebellion lasted for half a decade (1408–1413) and spread to much of Bulgaria until the rebels were defeated by the Ottoman Sultan Musa.

paragraph: The Bulgarians attempted to make up for their losses by siding with Musa's brother and rival Sultan Mehmed I, but the latter's victory did little to improve their situation. After Mehmed I's victory in 1413, Constantine II spent much of his life in Hungary and Serbia. His last possessions in Bulgaria were annexed in 1422, and shortly afterwards Constantine II died at the Serbian court on September 17, 1422.

paragraph: Constantine II was the last emperor of Bulgaria, and his dispossession and death in 1422 marks the end of the Second Bulgarian Empire. The Ottoman conquest had begun in earnest half a century earlier, in 1369, and their rule lasted until 1878.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Konstantin Buttress on Nordenskjöld Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica is named after Constantine II of Bulgaria.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John V.A. Fine, Jr., "The Late Medieval Balkans", Ann Arbor, 1987.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ivan Tjutjundžiev and Plamen Pavlov, "Bălgarskata dăržava i osmanskata ekspanzija 1369–1422", Veliko Tărnovo, 1992.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Detailed list of Bulgarian rulers

description: Bulgarian emperor

wikidata_label: Constantine II of Bulgaria

wikipedia_title: Constantine II of Bulgaria


text: Hilversum

text: conductor

text: composer

text: Johnny Lion

text: Eurovision Song Contest

text: Trea Dobbs

categories: 1943 births,Eurovision Song Contest conductors,21st-century conductors (music),Living people,People from Hilversum,Dutch conductors (music),Male conductors (music),21st-century male musicians

paragraph: Harry van Hoof

paragraph: Harry van Hoof (born 16 March 1943 in Hilversum) is a Dutch conductor, composer and music arranger.

paragraph: Hoof has written many successful productions to his name already, he has his own production company and he had his first success as an arranger with "Sofie" by Johnny Lion.

paragraph: Van Hoof conducted Dutch entries on 15 occasions for the Eurovision Song Contest: 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993 and 1994.

paragraph: Van Hoof is divorced from singer Trea Dobbs.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A fully-fledged English biography: http://www.andtheconductoris.eu/index.htm?http://www.eurovisionartists.nl/conductor/dir020.asp?ID=131

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.discogs.com/artist/Harry+van+Hoof+Orchestra,+The

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.vanhoofprodukties.nl/

alias:
Henricus M. van Hoof
00014362809 IPI

wikidata_label: Harry van Hoof

wikipedia_title: Harry van Hoof


text:
Dresden
Friedrich Wieck
Julius Otto
Moritz Hauptmann
Leipzig
Cologne Conservatory
Engelbert Humperdinck
Elly Ney
Leschetizky
Sauer
Willem Mengelberg
Carl Lachmund
Frederick Corder
Volkmar Andreae
Maurits Leefson
Henri Weil
Karl Krill
Edvard Grieg
Lyric Pieces
Josef Rheinberger
August Winding
Beethoven
Weber
Mendelssohn
Cologne

categories: Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln faculty,Classical musicians who committed suicide,1905 deaths,German music educators,Cologne University of Music alumni,German philanthropists,Suicides in Germany,German classical pianists,Piano pedagogues,German musicians who committed suicide,People from Cologne,People from Dresden,Male suicides,19th-century German musicians,1840 births,19th-century classical pianists,German male conductors (music),German composers,Composers who committed suicide,Pupils of Friedrich Wieck,Conductors (music) who committed suicide,German conductors (music)

paragraph: Isidor Seiss

paragraph: Isidor Seiss (23 December 184025 September 1905) was a German composer, conductor, pianist, piano pedagogue and philanthropist. His surname also appears as Seiß, and his first name also appears as Isidore.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Isidor Wilhelm Seiss was born in Dresden in 1840. His first musical studies were under Friedrich Wieck (piano) and Julius Otto (theory), before going to Moritz Hauptmann in Leipzig from 1858 to 1860. He did some performing in Germany and Belgium, then became a piano teacher at the Cologne Conservatory in 1871, where he had a long career. He conducted the Cologne Musical Society.

paragraph: His notable students included Engelbert Humperdinck, Elly Ney (for nine years before she moved on to Leschetizky and Sauer), Willem Mengelberg, Carl Lachmund, Frederick Corder, Volkmar Andreae, Maurits Leefson, Henri Weil, Karl Krill and others.

paragraph: Dedications to Isidor Seiss included:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edvard Grieg: Book III (Op. 43) of the "Lyric Pieces"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Josef Rheinberger: Toccata in C minor, Op. 115

paragraph: BULLET::::- August Winding: Preludes in All the Keys, Op. 26.

paragraph: He wrote some educational pieces for piano and other minor works. He also arranged some of Beethoven's Contredanses and German Dances for piano. He also revised Weber's Piano Concerto No. 2 in E-flat, and published editions of Mendelssohn's "Capriccio brillante" in B minor, and other works.

paragraph: Isidor Seiss died by his own hand in Cologne in 1905, having suffered increasing blindness that had forced him to retire from his teaching position. Although aged only 64, he had outlived his entire family, and in his will he endowed the Conservatory with a pension and cash grants for the four oldest teachers. He also bequeathed over half a million marks to the city of Cologne.

description: German musician

wikidata_label: Isidor Seiss

wikipedia_title: Isidor Seiss


text:
Valand School of Fine Arts
Gothenburg
Naturalism
Mythology
Danish National Gallery
Eckersberg Medal
Thorvaldsen Medal

categories: 1920 births,Recipients of the Eckersberg Medal,Danish sculptors,Recipients of the Thorvaldsen Medal,1990 deaths,People from Aarhus

paragraph: Willy Ørskov

paragraph: Willy Ørskov (21 December 1920 in Aarhus – 12 June 1990 in Helsingør) was a Danish sculptor who is remembered for works created from plastics and inflatable materials.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ørskov's studies at the Valand School of Fine Arts in Gothenburg, Sweden (1954–1960) were completed by stays in Paris, Greece and Italy at the end of the 1950s. During his years in Gothenburg, he taught and worked with ceramics. His early works such as "Bymiljø" and "Gående" are Abstract works depicting man in the city. He later began to use plastics including finished products such as pipes and funnels. His pneumatic sculptures consist of inflated pillow shapes and air-filled tubes as can be seen in "Sommerskulptur" (Summer Sculpture) from the mid-1960s.

paragraph: Ørskov's works are not designed to be interpreted in terms of recognizable features but rather as an expression of contemporary art, free of any relationship with romantic notions of Naturalism or Mythology. One of his well-known dictums was "The sculpture's content is sculpture." He explained his approach in books such as "Aflæsninger af objekter og andre essays" (Readings of objects and other essays, 1972) and "Den åbne skulptur og udvendighedens æstetik" (Open Sculpture and the Aesthetics of the Exterior, 1987). Later in life, he became preoccupied with "Terrains Vagues", the largely unorganized, underdeveloped areas on the outskirts of built-up areas, typically with casual, temporary living quarters where he found traces of a primitive sculptural language.

paragraph: Section::::Restoration of works.

paragraph: The Danish National Gallery is currently undertaking the restoration of 13 of Ørskov's inflated works which are considered to be of outstanding national importance. Made of materials such as plastics and rubber, the sculptures have deteriorated to a point where they are no longer inflatable. After restoration and re-establishment of their pneumatic properties, the works will once again be suitable for display.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: Ørskov was awarded the Eckersberg Medal in 1969 and the Thorvaldsen Medal in 1973.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edwards, Folke: "Willy Ørskov", 1976, Copenhagen, Gyldendal, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grathwol, Grethe; Bojesen, Benedicte: "Willy Ørskov retrospektiv", 1994, Copenhagen, Sophienholm.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ørskov, Willy: "Aflæsning af objekter og andre essays", 1966, Copenhagen, Borgen.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ørskov, Willy: "Den öppna skulpturen = avion veistotaide = den åbne skulptur", 1987, Helsinki, Nordiskt konstcentrum.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ørskov, Willy:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ørskov, Willy: "Lighed og identitet", 1978, Copenhagen, Borgen. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ørskov, Willy: "Objekterne - proces og tilstand", 1972, Copenhagen, Borgen.

alias:
Willy Örskov
Willy Orskov

description: sculptor

wikidata_label: Willy Ørskov

wikipedia_title: Willy Ørskov


text: Spanish

text: Neoclassical

text: Salamanca

text: Alejandro Carnicero

text: Teatro de la Cruz

text: Royal Spanish Academy

text: Don Quixote

text: bullfighting

text: hot air balloon

text: Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier

text: Marquis d'Arlandes

text: Aranjuez

text: Charles IV of Spain

text: Manuel Godoy

text: Pedro Rodríguez de Campomanes

text: Ferdinand VII

text: El Escorial Conspiracy

text: Francisco Goya

text: Joseph Bonaparte

categories: 19th-century Spanish painters,18th-century Spanish painters,Neoclassical painters,1748 births,People from Salamanca,1814 deaths,Spanish male painters

paragraph: Antonio Carnicero

paragraph: Antonio Carnicero (1748–1814) was a Spanish painter of the Neoclassical style. In addition to his paintings, over the course of his career he also produced prints and engravings as well as creating theatrical decorations.

paragraph: Section::::Family and training.

paragraph: Carnicero was born in Salamanca on 10 January 1748. His father, the sculptor Alejandro Carnicero, went to the court of Madrid in 1749 to fulfill a commission for a series of sculptures in the royal palace. Antonio's brothers Gregorio and Isidro were also artists.

paragraph: After initial training from his father, Carnicero entered the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando in 1758. At age 12, he was awarded a scholarship to accompany his brother Isidro to Rome so they could further their study of painting. In 1766 he returned to Madrid, where he began to paint for civil and religious institutions as well as private clients.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: In 1775, Carnicero collaborated with Joseph del Castillo in the execution of tapestry cartoons for the royal household. He also worked as a theatrical decorator for performances at the Teatro de la Cruz and the Teatro del Principe. Between 1780 and 1782, he provided illustrations for a project of the Royal Spanish Academy to prepare a deluxe printing of Don Quixote, edited by Joaquín Ibarra, that became a milestone edition of the Spanish literary classic.

paragraph: His ability as an artist and painter gained a growing reputation with a colorful series "Costumes of Spain and the Indies" (1777), portraits of illustrious Spanish personages (1788), and a series of etchings on bullfighting (1790). He scored a major success with his work "The Coronation of King Alfonso XI and Queen Mary, His Wife" for a competition to decorate the Royal Basilica of San Francisco el Grande. Two other well-known works depict the contemporary sensation of early hot air balloon flights. These paintings might depict one of two events: the first manned flight on 21 November 1783, by Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and the Marquis d'Arlandes in Paris, or more likely a later demonstration from 5 June 1784, which took place in the gardens of Aranjuez in the presence of the Spanish court.

paragraph: Section::::Royal appointment.

paragraph: In 1796, Carnicero was named "chamber painter" for King Charles IV of Spain. This came after several previous failed attempts to secure a court appointment (in 1788, 1792 and 1793). From that point on, he worked mainly as a

paragraph: portraitist of the royal family and leading ministers at court, such as painting a young Manuel Godoy or Pedro Rodríguez de Campomanes.

paragraph: He taught drawing to the children of the royal family, especially the future Ferdinand VII, then Prince of Asturias. On account of his relationship with the Prince, Carnicero drew suspicion of being involved

paragraph: in the El Escorial Conspiracy of 1807 to dethrone Charles IV. As a result, Carnicero was arrested on 7 November and detained for over ten days before being released.

paragraph: As Spain came under Napoleonic rule, beginning in 1809 Carnicero, like Francisco Goya, was required to work for Joseph Bonaparte to maintain his position as court painter. After the restoration of the Bourbons, Carnicero was put on trial for removal from his office on the grounds that he had served the foreign king. An appeal to reinstate him came too late when Carnicero died in Madrid on 21 August 1814, just days before an amnesty was proclaimed by Ferdinand VII.

alias:
Antonio Carnicero Mancio
Antonio Nicanor Carnicero Mancio

description: spanish painter and engraver

wikidata_label: Antonio Carnicero

wikipedia_title: Antonio Carnicero


text: Amsterdam

text: Holland Land Company

text: John Adams

text: Joan van der Capellen tot den Pol

text: Simon Schama

text: Dutch patriots

text: Generality Lands

text: regents

text: Wilhelm Willink

text: Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck

text: Holland Land Company

text: New York

text: Pennsylvania

text: Patowmack Canal

text: James River and Kanawha Canal

text: Santee Canal

text: Gerrit Boon

text: maple syrup

text: ahorn

text: Johan Valckenaer

text: Wiselius

text: Krayenhoff

text: Charles-François Dumouriez

text: liberty tree

text: Alexander Gogel

text: Schama, S.

categories: Dutch bankers,Members of the Dutch Patriots faction,1801 deaths,1742 births,Businesspeople from Amsterdam,People of the American Revolution

paragraph: Nicolaas van Staphorst

paragraph: Nicolaas van Staphorst (bapt. 14 January 1742, Amsterdam – bur. 14 June 1801, Amsterdam) was a Dutch banker and a conservative republican. Up till 1794 he was involved in a total of eleven loans that were granted in Amsterdam to the United States with a value of 29 million guilders, and in the Holland Land Company.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: In 1782, the brothers led discussions with John Adams over a loan to the United States of five million guilder, at that time a considerable sum. A syndicate was formed to organize the USA's first foreign loan between the Staphorsten, the Willinks and De la Lande & Fijnje. Joan van der Capellen tot den Pol was marked down for 12.000 guilders. Three others loans followed: in 1784, 1787 and 1788. (In 1786 the merchant Daniel Parker took over the shares of De la Lande & Fijnje). Simon Schama noted: ""Part of the attraction of this stock was, doubtless, the possibility of buying cheap and selling at a quick profit to investors less well informed than the brokers as to the state of American credit.""

paragraph: In September 1787 Nicolaas van Staphorst did not flee to northern France like his brother Jacobus, a prominent leader of the Dutch patriots and of the Revolutionary Committee of the Batavian Republic. In the beginning of 1788 Nicolaas proclaimed that "experts" must draw up a new constitution for the moment at which the patriotic revolutions would take place. After the American example, he advised that the seven regions of the Netherlands and the Generality Lands be forced to give up their sovereignty and administrations, to be replaced by a whole new constitution in which the people's influence on the election of the regents would be hugely increased.

paragraph: The Van Staphorst brothers, along with Wilhelm Willink and Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck, were in 1789 shareholders in the Holland Land Company, a society that invested in the north of the state of New York, not far from Ontario, Pennsylvania and some canals: the Patowmack Canal, James River and Kanawha Canal and Santee Canal. He supported Gerrit Boon, his brother-in-law, winning maple syrup from the ahorn.

paragraph: Nicolaas and the secret political societies which were formed were of the opinion that this issue had to be resolved at all costs, and that Johan Valckenaer and his friends were the most appropriate people to draw up a Dutch-language constitution. The leading Dutch patriots, like Wiselius, Krayenhoff, and Nicolaas van Staphorst requested general Charles-François Dumouriez to plant the liberty tree in The Hague or on the Dam square and to bring about liberty, equality and fraternity by force. They also spoke about a new calendar, to make every month of an equal length. At the end of November 1794 he and Alexander Gogel fled to Bremen or Hamburg, because of the discovery of a weapons cache. He was banned from city of Amsterdam. Two months later the French Army had occupied the whole of Holland.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.parlement.com/9291000/biof/08852

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://history.rays-place.com/ny/alma-ny.htm

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rosendaal, J. (2003) Bataven! Nederlandse vluchtelingen in Frankrijk 1787-1795.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schama, S. (1977) Patriots and Liberators: Revolution in the Netherlands, 1780-1813, p. 59, 156, 170,

description: Dutch banker

wikidata_label: Nicolaas van Staphorst

wikipedia_title: Nicolaas van Staphorst


text: Leipzig

text: Saxony

text: East German

text: bobsled

text: 1978 FIBT World Championships

text: Lake Placid

categories: Bobsledders at the 1976 Winter Olympics,1951 births,Olympic bobsledders of East Germany,German male bobsledders,Sportspeople from Leipzig,Living people

paragraph: Horst Bernhardt

paragraph: Horst Bernhardt (born 26 January 1951 in Leipzig, Saxony) is an East German bobsledder who competed in the late 1970s. He won a gold medal in the four-man event at the 1978 FIBT World Championships in Lake Placid.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bobsleigh four-man world championship medalists since 1930

description: bobsledder

wikidata_label: Horst Bernhardt

wikipedia_title: Horst Bernhardt


text: East German

text: bobsled

text: 1978 FIBT World Championships

text: Lake Placid

text: 1976 Winter Olympics

text: Innsbruck

text: Bobsleigh four-man world championship medalists since 1930

categories: Bobsledders at the 1976 Winter Olympics,Olympic bobsledders of East Germany,German male bobsledders,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Harald Seifert

paragraph: Harald Seifert is an East German bobsledder who competed in the late 1970s. He won a gold medal in the four-man event at the 1978 FIBT World Championships in Lake Placid.

paragraph: Seifert also finished fourth in the four-man event at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wallenchinsky, David (1984). "Bobsled: Four-man". In "The Complete Book of the Olympics: 1896 - 1980". New York: Penguin Books. p. 561.

description: bobsledder

wikidata_label: Harald Seifert

wikipedia_title: Harald Seifert


text: Kiyohara

text: native Japanese reading

text: Sino-Japanese reading

text: Bun'ei Tsunoda

text: Fujiwara no Nobuyoshi

text: Kiyohara no Motosuke

text: waka

text: Kiyohara no Fukayabu

text: Empress Teishi

text: Emperor Ichijō

text: Settsu province

text: Hiroaki Sato

text: Murasaki Shikibu

text: The Tale of Genji

text: Empress Shoshi

text: The Murasaki Shikibu Diary

text: The Pillow Book

text: zuihitsu

text: Imperial Court in Kyoto

text: Fujiwara no Michinaga

text: Heian Palace

text: Ogura Hyakunin Isshu

text: Britannica | Sei Shonagon

categories: Women memoirists,11th-century women writers,10th-century Japanese poets,Women of medieval Japan,People of Heian-period Japan,11th-century deaths,Japanese diarists,Japanese essayists,Hyakunin Isshu poets,11th-century writers,Japanese women poets,Ladies-in-waiting of Heian-period Japan,Japanese women essayists,966 births

paragraph: Sei Shōnagon

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: Sei Shōnagon's actual given name is not known. It was the custom among aristocrats in those days to call a court lady by a nickname taken from a court office belonging to her father or husband. derives from her father's family name "Kiyohara" (the native Japanese reading of the first character is "kiyo", while the Sino-Japanese reading is "sei"), while refers to a government post. Her relationship to this post is unknown, though—neither her father nor either of her two husbands held such a post. Bun'ei Tsunoda has suggested that it may have belonged to a third husband, perhaps Fujiwara no Nobuyoshi.

paragraph: Her actual name has been a topic of debate among scholars, and the name is a possibility.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Little is known about her life except what can be found in her writing. She was the daughter of Kiyohara no Motosuke, a scholar and well-known "waka" poet, who worked as a provincial official. Her grandfather Kiyohara no Fukayabu was also a "waka" poet. The family were middle-ranking courtiers and had financial difficulties, possibly because they were not granted a revenue-producing office.

paragraph: She married Tachibana no Norimitsu, a government official at 16, and gave birth to a son, Norinaga. In 993, at 27, when she began to serve the Empress Teishi, consort of Emperor Ichijō, she may have been divorced. When her court service ended she may have married Fujiwara no Muneyo, governor of Settsu province, and had a daughter, Koma no Myobu, although some evidence suggests she became a Buddhist nun.

paragraph: Hiroaki Sato questions whether Lady Sei and Norimitsu were actually married or just close friends, "the ladies and gentlemen of the court teased them by calling him her big brother and her his little sister."

paragraph: Section::::Rival.

paragraph: Shōnagon is also known for her rivalry with her contemporary, writer and court lady Murasaki Shikibu, author of "The Tale of Genji" who served the Empress Shoshi, second consort of the Emperor Ichijō. Murasaki Shikibu wrote about Shōnagon - somewhat scathingly, though conceding Shōnagon's literary gifts - in her diary, "The Murasaki Shikibu Diary".

paragraph: Section::::Writing.

paragraph: Shōnagon became popular through her work "The Pillow Book", a collection of lists, gossip, poetry, observations and complaints written during her years in the court, a miscellaneous genre of writing known as "zuihitsu". Shōnagon's essays describe the various daily experiences and customs of the time, and the affairs of the Imperial Court in Kyoto where she lived, from a unique point of view. "The Pillow Book" was circulated at court, and for several hundred years existed in handwritten manuscripts. First printed in the 17th century, it exists in different versions: the order of entries may have been changed by scribes with comments and passages added, edited, or deleted. Four main variants of the text are known to modern scholars. The two considered to be the most complete and accurate are the Sankanbon and Nōinbon texts. Later editors introduced section numbers and divisions; the Sankanbon text is divided into 297 sections, with an additional 29 "supplemental" sections which may represent later additions by the author or copyists.

paragraph: In "The Pillow Book", Shōnagon writes about Empress Teishi, and her disappointment after her father's death when Fujiwara no Michinaga made his daughter Shōshi consort to Ichijō, and then empress, making Teishi one of two empresses at court. Because of the risk of fire, the Imperial family did not live in the Heian Palace. Empress Teishi resided in a part of "Chūgushiki", the "Bureau of Serving the (Middle) Empress", and moved to other residences as circumstances changed. Shōnagon writes with apparent lightheartedness about events at court, de-emphasizing or omitting harsh realities such as Teishi's death from childbirth in 1000. According to the prevalent fashion, to have written more passionately would have been considered unstylish. Her writing is considered witty, depicting Teishi's elegant court from a detailed, gossipy perspective.

paragraph: Shōnagon was regarded by contemporary courtiers as having an excellent memory. Her writing includes many reminiscences of events at court, often including precise details such as the clothes people wore, despite being written down several years after the events took place. She was also known to be especially adept at recalling and quoting a classic poem to suit the occasion, even by the standards of a court in which knowledge of the poetry canon was considered an essential skill.

paragraph: The entries in "The Pillow Book" on rhetoric include advice and opinions on conversation, preaching, and letter writing. Shōnagon advocates pure language and rigorous use of formalities in the sections of advice on conversation, but also offers vignettes showing witty repartee and sociable give-and-take among the empress's ladies and between ladies and gentlemen. Shōnagon also touches upon the topic of preaching; priests who preach should be handsome and well trained in elocution, with excellent memories, and their audiences should be attentive and polite individuals who do not come to services to flirt and show off. She says that one can become distracted and inattentive when the priest is unattractive, but when he is good-looking one remains focused on his face, and as such better experiences the holiness of his sermons. Later, she offers detailed information on letter writing, offering prescriptions for paper, calligraphy, accompanying gift and bearer, and appreciation for the value of letters as gifts of love. In particular, Shōnagon paid special attention to "morning-after letters". In Japanese court society, heterosexual sex between courtiers was illicit but happened very often. A social requirement was that the male send a poem on beautiful paper with a decorative flower or branch to the lady, and that she reply. Shōnagon goes in depth about this subject matter in her section called, "Things That Make One Nervous."

paragraph: One of her "waka" is included in the famous anthology Ogura Hyakunin Isshu as No.62.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: There are no details about Shōnagon's life after the year 1017, and very few records of her after the death of the Empress Teishi/Empress Sadako in 1000. According to one tradition, she lived out her twilight years in poverty as a Buddhist nun. Another tradition has her marrying Fujiwara no Muneyo, the governor of Settsu province, after her court service ended, and having a daughter, Koma no Myobu. "The Pillow Book" is thought to have been finished sometime between 1001 and 1010, while Shōnagon was in retirement.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tsunoda Bun'ei 1975. "Sei Shōnagon no Shōgai" in "Makura Sōshi Kōza", Vol. 1. Tokyo: Yūseidō.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Britannica | Sei Shonagon

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Lists of a Lady-in-Waiting. A Portrait of the Author of The Pillow Book.

alias:
Sei Shonagon
Sei Shounagon

description: Japanese author and a court lady

enwikiquote_title: Sei Shōnagon

wikidata_label: Sei Shōnagon

wikipedia_title: Sei Shōnagon


text: American

text: botanist

text: horticulturist

text: explorer

text: Carl Linnaeus

text: Quaker

text: Lake Ontario

text: Florida

text: Ohio River

text: Europe

text: Dillenius

text: Gronovius

text: Pehr Kalm

text: East Florida

text: Bartram's Garden

text: Kingsessing

text: Schuylkill

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

text: Benjamin Franklin

text: American Philosophical Society

text: Peter Collinson

text: Philip Miller

text: Chelsea Physic Garden

text: Mark Catesby

text: Robert James Petre, 8th Baron Petre

text: Loddiges

text: George III

text: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

text: Venus flytrap

text: Franklinia alatamaha

text: Amelanchier bartramiana

text: Commersonia

text: Cape York

text: Vanuatu

text: Malaysia

text: William Bartram

text: botanist

text: ornithologist

text: Darby, Pennsylvania

text: John Bartram High School

text: Darby Meeting

text: Darby Free Library

text: Franklinia

text: Humphry Marshall

text: Thomas Say

text: The Memorable Bartrams.

text: John Bartram's house and garden.

text: John Bartram biographical information

text: Small biography of Bartram

text: Bartram Family Papers

text: Historical Society of Pennsylvania

categories: Botanists active in North America,American botanists,1777 deaths,People of colonial Pennsylvania,17th-century Quakers,Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,1699 births,18th-century Quakers,American Quakers,People from Darby, Pennsylvania,American horticulturists,Members of the American Philosophical Society

paragraph: John Bartram

paragraph: John Bartram (March 23, 1699 – September 22, 1777) was an early American botanist, horticulturist and explorer. Carl Linnaeus said he was the "greatest natural botanist in the world."

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Bartram was born into a Quaker farm family in colonial Pennsylvania. He considered himself a plain farmer, with no formal education beyond the local school. He had a lifelong interest in medicine and medicinal plants, and read widely. His botanical career started with a small area of his farm devoted to growing plants he found interesting; later he made contact with European botanists and gardeners interested in North American plants, and developed his hobby into a thriving business.

paragraph: Section::::Plant collecting activities.

paragraph: He came to travel extensively in the eastern American colonies collecting plants. In 1743 he visited the shores of Lake Ontario in the north, and wrote "Observations on the Inhabitants, Climate, Soil, Rivers, Productions, Animals, and other Matters Worthy of Notice, made by Mr. John Bartram in his Travels from Pennsylvania to Onondaga, Oswego, and the Lake Ontario, in Canada" (London, 1751). During the winter of 1765/66 he visited East Florida in the south, and an account of this trip was published with his journal (London, 1766). He also visited the Ohio River in the west. Many of his acquisitions were transported to collectors in Europe. In return, they supplied him with books and apparatus.

paragraph: Bartram, sometimes called the "father of American Botany", was one of the first practicing Linnaean botanists in North America. His plant specimens were forwarded to Linnaeus, Dillenius and Gronovius, and he assisted Linnaeus' student Pehr Kalm during his extended collecting trip to North America in 1748–1750.

paragraph: Bartram was aided in his collecting efforts by colonists. In Bartram's "Diary of a Journey through the Carolinas, Georgia and Florida", a trip taken from July 1, 1765, to April 10, 1766, Bartram wrote of specimens he had collected. In the colony of British East Florida he was helped by Dr. David Yeats, secretary of the colony.

paragraph: His botanic garden, Bartram's Garden in Kingsessing on the west bank of the Schuylkill, about 3 miles (5 km) from the center of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is frequently cited as the first true botanic collection in North America. He was one of the co-founders, with Benjamin Franklin, of the American Philosophical Society in 1743.

paragraph: Section::::Contact with other botanists.

paragraph: Bartram was particularly instrumental in sending seeds from the New World to European gardeners: many North American trees and flowers were first introduced into cultivation in Europe by this route. Beginning ca. 1733, Bartram's work was assisted by his association with the English merchant Peter Collinson. Collinson, himself a lover of plants, was a fellow Quaker and a member of the Royal Society, with a familiar relationship with its president, Sir Hans Sloane. Collinson shared Bartram's new plants with friends and fellow gardeners. Early Bartram collections went to Lord Petre, Philip Miller at the Chelsea Physic Garden, Mark Catesby, the Duke of Richmond, and the Duke of Norfolk. In the 1730s, Robert James Petre, 8th Baron Petre of Thorndon Hall, Essex, was the foremost collector of North American trees and shrubs in Europe. Earl Petre's untimely death in 1743 led to his American tree collection being auctioned off to Woburn, Goodwood and other large English country estates; thereafter Collinson became Bartram's chief London agent.

paragraph: Bartram's Boxes, as they then became known, were regularly sent to Peter Collinson every fall for distribution in England to a wide list of clients, including the Duke of Argyll, James Gordon, James Lee and John Busch, progenitor of the exotic Loddiges nursery in London. The boxes generally contained 100 or more varieties of seeds, and sometimes included dried plant specimens and natural history curiosities as well. Live plants were more difficult and expensive to send and were reserved for Collinson and a few special correspondents.

paragraph: In 1765 after lobbying by Collinson and Benjamin Franklin in London, George III rewarded Bartram a pension of £50 per year as King's Botanist for North America, a post he held until his death. With this position, Bartram's seeds and plants also went to the royal collection at Kew Gardens. Bartram also contributed seeds to the Oxford and Edinburgh botanic gardens. He was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm in 1769.

paragraph: Most of Bartram's many plant discoveries were named by botanists in Europe. He is best known today for the discovery and introduction of a wide range of North American flowering trees and shrubs, including kalmia, rhododendron and magnolia species; for introducing the "Dionaea muscipulia" or Venus flytrap to cultivation; and the discovery of the Franklin Tree, "Franklinia alatamaha" in southeastern Georgia in 1765, later named by his son William Bartram. Bartram's name is remembered in the genera of mosses, "Bartramia", and in plants such the North American serviceberry, "Amelanchier bartramiana", and the subtropical tree "Commersonia" "bartramia" (Christmas Kurrajong) growing from the Bellinger River in coastal eastern Australia to Cape York, Vanuatu and Malaysia.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Bartram was married twice, first in 1723 to Mary Maris (d. 1727), who bore him two sons, Richard and Isaac. After her death, he married Ann Mendenhall (1703–1789) in 1729, who gave birth to five boys and four girls. His third son, William Bartram (1739–1823) was to become a famous botanist, natural history artist and ornithologist in his own right, and was the author of "Travels Through North & South Carolina, Georgia, East & West Florida,…." Philadelphia, James & Johnson, 1791.

paragraph: The family business in North American plants was continued by Bartram's sons John Bartram, Jr. and William Bartram after the American Revolution, and the botanic garden grew through three generations of the Bartram family. Bartram's Garden remained the major botanic garden in Philadelphia until the last Bartram heirs sold out in 1850. The Darby Friends Cemetery in Darby, Pennsylvania contains his grave.

paragraph: John Bartram High School in Philadelphia is named after him.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of gardener-botanist explorers of the Enlightenment

paragraph: BULLET::::- Darby Meeting

paragraph: BULLET::::- Darby Free Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franklinia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Humphry Marshall

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Say

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bell, Whitfield J. Bell, Jr., "Patriot Improvers: Biographical Sketches of Members of the American Philosophical Society", vol. 1, 1743–1768. (Philadelphia: APS, 1997), "John Bartram (1699–1777), p. 48–62.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Berkeley, Edmund and Dorothy Smith Berkeley, "The Life and Travels of John Bartram: From Lake Ontario to the River St. John." (Tallahassee: University Presses of Florida, 1982).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Berkeley, Edmund and Dorothy Smith Berkeley, eds., "The Correspondence of John Bartram 1734–1777." (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1992).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Darlington, William, ed., "Memorials of John Bartram and Humphry Marshall." (Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston, 1849).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isely, Duane, "One hundred and one botanists" (Iowa State University Press, 1994), pp. 80–81.

paragraph: BULLET::::- O’Neill, Jean and Elizabeth P. McLean, "Peter Collinson and the Eighteenth-Century Natural History Exchange." Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 264. (Philadelphia: APS, 2008).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wulf, Andrea, "The Brother Gardeners: Botany, Empire and the Birth of an Obsession." (London: William Heinemann, 2008).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Memorable Bartrams.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Bartram's house and garden.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Bartram biographical information

paragraph: BULLET::::- Small biography of Bartram

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Bartram Family Papers, including correspondence, journey observations, illustrations and his pharmacopoeia, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

description: American botanist

wikidata_label: John Bartram

wikipedia_title: John Bartram


text: Polish

text: nobleman

text: Bishop of Poznań

text: De optimo senatore

text: Płock

text: Kraków

text: Jagiellonian University

text: Padua

text: Bologna

text: royal chancery

text: Sigismund II Augustus

text: Stefan Batory

text: Kamieniec Podolski

text: Chełm

text: Przemyśl

text: Poznań

text: religious tolerance

text: Jesuits

text: Kraków

text: prelate

text: Warsaw Confederation

text: De optimo senatore

text: Tudor

text: British Civil Wars

text: Nobles' Democracy

text: Stanisław of Skarbimierz

text: Golden Freedom

text: Elizabeth I of England

text: Shakespeare

text: Polonius

text: Hamlet

text: Glorious Revolution

text: Robert Bellarmine

text: Algernon Sydney

text: Thomas Jefferson

text: Declaration of Independence

text: Polish Constitution of 3 May 1791

text: Norman Davies

text: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

text: Szlachta

text: Sarmatism

text: Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski

text: Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro

text: Wenceslas J. Wagner

text: W. J. Stankiewicz

text: Teresa Bałuk-Ulewiczowa

text: Teresa Bałuk-Ulewiczowa

text: Aleksander Stępkowski (ed.)

categories: 16th-century Latin-language writers,Bishops of Przemyśl,Polish philosophers,Bishops of Poznań,16th-century Roman Catholic bishops,University of Bologna alumni,17th-century Roman Catholic bishops,16th-century births,University of Padua alumni,Burials at Archcathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul, Poznań,Jagiellonian University alumni,Ecclesiastical senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth,1607 deaths

paragraph: Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki

paragraph: Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki (; between 1530 and 1540 – 31 October 1607) was a Polish nobleman, Bishop of Poznań (1601–1607), political thinker and philosopher best known for his book "De optimo senatore" (1568).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born near Płock, after studying at Kraków's Jagiellonian University and at Padua and Bologna, he entered the Roman Catholic Church. In 1569 he also joined the Polish royal chancery and as a secretary served two kings, Sigismund II Augustus and Stefan Batory, and was successively appointed bishop of Kamieniec Podolski (1586), Chełm (1590), Przemyśl (1591), and Poznań (1601). Goślicki was a man of affairs, highly esteemed by contemporaries, and frequently engaged in active politics. He was also a staunch advocate of religious tolerance in Poland. It was due to his influence and to a letter that he wrote to the Pope against the Jesuits that they were prevented from establishing schools at Kraków during his reign. He was the only prelate who, in 1587, acceded to the Warsaw Confederation.

paragraph: Goślicki's Latin book "De optimo senatore" (published during his stay in Italy in Venice, 1568) and dedicated to King Zygmunt August, subsequently appeared in four English translations: as "The Counsellor" ( considered inaccurate) in 1598, "A commonwealth of good counsaile" in 1607, "The Accomplished Senator... Done into English... By Mr. Oldisworth" in 1733, and most recently as "The Accomplished Senator" in K. Thompson's translation in 1992. The book proved immensely important in Britain among forces opposed to the Tudor monarchy; it was widely quoted and cited in opposition pamphlets and leaflets during the period leading up to the British Civil Wars of the 1640s.

paragraph: In this book Goślicki shows the ideal statesman who is well versed in the humanities as well as in economy, politics, and law. He argued that law is above the ruler, who must respect it, and that it is illegitimate to rule over a people against its will. He equated godliness with reason, and reason with law. Many of the book's ideas comprised the foundations of Polish Nobles' Democracy (1505–1795) and were based on 14th-century writings by Stanisław of Skarbimierz. The book was not translated into Polish for 400 years.

paragraph: The book was influential abroad, exporting the ideas of Poland's Golden Freedom and democratic system. It was a political and social classic, widely read and long popular in England after its 1598 translation; read by Elizabeth I of England, it was also known by Shakespeare, who used his depiction of an incompetent senator as a model for Polonius in Hamlet. Its ideas might be seen in the turmoil that gripped England around the times of Glorious Revolution. Goślicki's ideas were perhaps suggestive for future national constitutions. Goślicki never wrote that "all men are created equal," but did say, "Sometimes a people, justly provoked and irritated, by the Tyranny and Usurpations of their Kings, take upon themselves the undoubted Right of vindicating their own liberties." The book was allegedly read by Robert Bellarmine, Algernon Sydney and Thomas Jefferson (who had it in his library), but there is no evidence of a direct link with Jefferson's Declaration of Independence.

paragraph: Goślicki argued that distinguished senators were more useful to a state than the king or the common people:

paragraph: He was an influence in the framing the Polish Constitution of 3 May 1791, which historian Norman Davies calls "the first constitution of its kind in Europe".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

paragraph: BULLET::::- Szlachta

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarmatism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wenceslas J. Wagner et al., "Laurentius Grimaldius Gosliscius at His Age – Modern Constitutional Law Ideas in the Sixteenth Century", in 'Polish Law Throughout the Ages'

paragraph: BULLET::::- W. J. Stankiewicz, "The accomplished senator of Laurentius Gosliscius"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Teresa Bałuk-Ulewiczowa, "The Senator of Laurentius Goslicius and the Elizabethan Counsellor", in 'The Polish Renaissance'

paragraph: BULLET::::- Teresa Bałuk-Ulewiczowa, "Goslicius' Ideal Senator and His Cultural Impact over the Centuries: Shakespearean Reflections." Kraków: Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and Jagiellonian University, 2009.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aleksander Stępkowski (ed.), "O senatorze doskonałym studia." Warszawa: Kancelaria Senatu, 2009 (collective volume in Polish with essays by A. Stępkowski, J. Mańkowski, M.A. Janicki, R. Lollo, and T. Bałuk-Ulewiczowa).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Szczucki, Lech (ed.). "Filozofia i myśl społeczna XVI wieku." Warszawa: PWN, 1978, 314–315.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: Laurentius Grimalius Goslicius (Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki) and His Treatise of the Ideal Senator by Teresa Bałuk-Ulewiczowa - this essay was compiled on the basis of monographic book Teresa Bałuk-Ulewiczowa, "Goslicius' Ideal Senator and His Cultural Impact over the Centuries: Shakespearean Reflections." Kraków: Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and Jagiellonian University, 2009.

description: Polish bishop

wikidata_label: Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki

wikipedia_title: Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki


text:
Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes
Paris Salon
Louis XVIII of France
Palace of Fontainebleau
Accademia di San Luca
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
Legion of Honor
Palazzo Te
Mantua
Italy

categories: 1774 births,19th-century French painters,French male painters,1832 deaths,Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur,18th-century French painters

paragraph: Pierre-Athanase Chauvin

paragraph: Pierre Athanase Chauvin was a French painter active in Italy.

paragraph: Chauvin was a student of the landscape painter Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes. He began his career at the Paris Salon in 1793 and won the First Class Medal in 1819 with his painting "Charles VIII’s entry into Acquapendente". The painting was commissioned by Louis XVIII of France for the Galerie de Diane at the Palace of Fontainebleau.

paragraph: In 1813, Chauvin settled in Rome and became a member of the Accademia di San Luca. Chauvin’s views of Italy show the influence of Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres in their both classical and realist style. Chauvin knew Ingres and the latter painted portraits of Chauvin and his wife in 1814.

paragraph: Chauvin was elected Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1828.

paragraph: His work was represented in the exhibition "An Enchanted Country. Italy depicted by Artists from Thomas Jones to Corot" at the Centro Internazionale d’Arte e di Cultura di Palazzo Te in Mantua, Italy in 2001.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Enchanted Country. Italy depicted by Artists from Thomas Jones to Corot Exhibition Catalogue", Ottarri Cavina, Anna, Electa, Milan, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De David a Delacroix: La Peinture francaise de 1774 à 1830" Exhibition Catalogue, Paris Grand Palais, 1974, pp 349–351

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grove Dictionary of Art", Lorraine Peake, vol. 6, p. 519

alias:
Pierre Athanase Chauvin
Chauvin

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Pierre-Athanase Chauvin

wikipedia_title: Pierre-Athanase Chauvin