text: swimmer

text: backstroke

text: freestyle

text: American record

text: 2016 Summer Olympics

text: Rio de Janeiro

text: 4x100-meter medley relay

text: Poland

text: Glenbrook South High School

text: University of Georgia

text: Jack Bauerle

text: Georgia Bulldogs swimming and diving

text: 2012 United States Olympic Trials

text: Istanbul

text: 100-meter backstroke

text: American record

text: Georgia Bulldogs

text: mononucleosis

text: 2015 Pan American Games

text: 2016 United States Olympic Trials

text: Missy Franklin

text: Natalie Coughlin

text: Rio

text: 100m backstroke

text: Kathleen Baker

text: 4 × 100 m medley relay

text: Lilly King

text: Dana Vollmer

text: Simone Manuel

categories: Olympic gold medalists for the United States in swimming,Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m),Georgia Bulldogs women's swimmers,Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States,American female freestyle swimmers,Pan American Games medalists in swimming,Living people,Olympic swimmers of the United States,Swimmers at the 2015 Pan American Games,Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Swimmers at the 2016 Summer Olympics,1994 births,American people of Polish descent,American female backstroke swimmers,People from Glenview, Illinois

paragraph: Olivia Smoliga

paragraph: Olivia Smoliga (born October 12, 1994) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in backstroke and freestyle events. She currently holds the American record in the 50-meter backstroke (short course). At the 2016 Summer Olympics held in Rio de Janeiro, she won a gold medal for swimming in the preliminary heat of the 4x100-meter medley relay.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Her parents, Tomasz and Elżbieta Smoliga, emigrated from Poland in 1991. She has a younger brother, Matt, who plays hockey. After graduating from Glenbrook South High School in 2013, Smoliga attended the University of Georgia on athletic scholarship, where she swam for coach Jack Bauerle's Georgia Bulldogs swimming and diving team for four years.

paragraph: Section::::Swimming career.

paragraph: Section::::Swimming career.:2012: Breakthrough.

paragraph: At the 2012 United States Olympic Trials, the qualifying meet for the 2012 Olympics, Smoliga missed the Olympic team by finishing fourth in the 100-meter backstroke (1:00.46) and twenty-third in the 50-meter freestyle (25.66). During the semifinals, Smoliga swam a personal best of 59.82 breaking the long course one-minute barrier for the first time.

paragraph: At the Illinois State High School Championships in November 2012, Smoliga broke the national high school records in both the 100-yard backstroke (51.43) and 50-yard freestyle (21.99).

paragraph: At the 2012 FINA Short Course World Championships in Istanbul, her first major international competition, Smoliga won a total of four medals: two gold, one silver, and one bronze. In the 100-meter backstroke final, Smoliga surprised the field by winning gold in a time of 56.64 swimming from lane 1. In the last 50-meters, Smoliga had the fastest split in the field with a time of 29.74. Smoliga also earned gold in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay, silver in the 50-meter backstroke (in which she set the American record), and bronze in the 4×100-meter medley relay.

paragraph: Section::::Swimming career.:2013-2015: NCAA Championship, Pan American Games.

paragraph: Smoliga has won the 2013-14 NCAA Women's Division I Swimming and Diving Championships with the Georgia Bulldogs, with a gold at the 50yd freestyle, and bronze at the 400yd medley relay.

paragraph: She was struck with mononucleosis prior to the 2014 Phillips 66 National Championships, leading her to bad results in both that championship and the 2015 NCAA tournament. However, being the fifth best time at the 100m backstroke, she retained her spot at the national swimming team, and was qualified for the 2015 Pan American Games. She won the silver at the 100m backstroke with a 1:00.06, her third fastest time ever.

paragraph: Section::::Swimming career.:2016: Rio Summer Olympics.

paragraph: At the 2016 United States Olympic Trials, Smoliga qualified for the Olympics by winning the 100m backstroke with a time of 59.02. In doing so, she beat out the previous two Olympic gold medallists in the 100m backstroke, Missy Franklin and Natalie Coughlin.

paragraph: In Rio, Smoliga finished sixth in the individual 100m backstroke with a time of 58.95, a personal best. Her American teammate Kathleen Baker won a silver medal with a time of 58.75. Smoliga also swam on the prelims relay of the 4 × 100 m medley relay, and won a gold medal when the finals lineup of Baker, Lilly King, Dana Vollmer, and Simone Manuel touched first.

description: American swimmer

wikidata_label: Olivia Smoliga

wikipedia_title: Olivia Smoliga


text:
purser
Wilkes Expedition
Thomas Westbrook Waldron (consul)
Daniel Waldron
Richard Waldron
Dover, New Hampshire
Portsmouth
Richard Waldron's
Sebastien Rale
strongbox
Massachusetts Historical Society
Antarctica
Cape Waldron
Namotu
Washington state
San Juan Islands
Waldron Island
Joseph Drayton
Kilauea
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
Sultan of Sulu
Washington
Daniel Webster
Kingdom of Hawaii
Charles Wilkes
Hawaiian Islands
Haalilio
Richards
Webster
Tyler
Julia Gardiner
Julia
Wilkes
John Tyler
Thomas
Cape Waldron
Antarctica
Waldron Island
Fiji
Washington state
Waldron Ledge
Kilauea

categories: History of the United States Navy,Military expeditions of the United States,History of science and technology in the United States,Circumnavigators of the globe,Pacific Ocean,1838 in the United States,1839 in Antarctica,Exploration of North America,Battles involving the United States,Artifacts in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution,American oceanographers,People of the United States Exploring Expedition,1803 births

paragraph: Richard Russell Waldron

paragraph: Richard Russell Waldron was a purser "and special agent" in the Wilkes Expedition, together with younger brother Thomas Westbrook Waldron (consul). Several landmarks were named after him or his brother. After the expedition was completed Waldron enjoyed some popularity and influence in Washington, D.C.

paragraph: Section::::Youth.

paragraph: Born March 28, 1803, the oldest son of Daniel Waldron and Olive Huske Sheafe, he would have seen the 1819 bankruptcy of his father, the 1820 loss of the substantial landholdings that his family had possessed continuously since his ancestor Richard Waldron began to acquire Dover, New Hampshire holdings in 1635, and the 1821 death of his father.

paragraph: Section::::Family heirlooms.

paragraph: By February 1827 he was "of Portsmouth" and he had possession of his ancestor Richard Waldron's papers. In September 1845 he provided Father Sebastien Rale's strongbox, another family heirloom, for safekeeping to the Massachusetts Historical Society.

paragraph: Section::::Wilkes Expedition.

paragraph: Waldron was a member of the Wilkes Expedition which in 1840 visited Antarctica. Cape Waldron was named after him.

paragraph: In July 1840 the Wilkes Expedition named a small Fijian island after Waldron. This island may be more often referred to by its dual name of Namotu Island.

paragraph: This expedition also charted much of the west coast of the then-disputed Washington state coast, including the San Juan Islands of present-day Washington State. In May 1841 one of the islands was named Waldron Island. It is difficult to sort out which Waldron brother lent his name to this island.

paragraph: The expedition also visited Hawaii where "Purser R. R. Waldron and Joseph Drayton ventured inside the crater [ Kilauea Caldera in present day Hawaii Volcanoes National Park] and walked on the dome's hot surface until lava oozed through cracks that formed within fifteen feet of them." Waldron Ledge, which overlooks the caldera from the eastern rim, is a popular twenty-minute hike from the park visitor's center where rangers often take groups on short talks.

paragraph: Waldron also witnessed a treaty between the United States (signed by Wilkes) and the Sultan of Sulu in 1842.

paragraph: Section::::Washington, D.C..

paragraph: In the months after the conclusion of the Wilkes Expedition, several of the officers found themselves much in demand in Washington society. "Chief among the widely traveled sailors being adoringly feted was Richard R. Waldron ..." "...[T]he well-connected Richard Waldron ... was scheduled to dine with Secretary of State Daniel Webster at the secretary's home that evening [December 24, 1842]."

paragraph: In December 1842 he was among those credited with assisting the delegation from the Kingdom of Hawaii. They "received encouragement and support from knowledgeable and experienced naval officers, most notably Charles Wilkes and Richard Waldron, who had traversed the immense reaches of the Pacific Ocean and understood the strategic importance of the Hawaiian Islands... In all, these [and other] insider contacts paved the way for Haalilio and Richards to meet on seven occasions with the reluctant and evasive Secretary Webster. Eventually the Hawaiian delegates also succeeded in having an audience with President Tyler and other members of his cabinet.

paragraph: Waldron was even linked with Julia Gardiner, future wife of President Tyler. Before that romance flourished, "it seems Julia and sister Margaret often went dancing and that Julia's date sometimes was naval officer Richard R. Waldron, 23, who had been a member of the Pacific explorations of Wilkes. Julia considered him too "boyish". Having passed up Mr. Waldron, Julia Gardiner Tyler became the second wife of President John Tyler a couple of years later, at the age of 24.

paragraph: Historian Edward Crapol incorrectly characterizes the then 39-year-old Richard Russell Waldron as a young 23-year-old midshipman in 1842, and Lyle Emerson Nelson follows him in that. It is not known whether Waldron appeared very young for his age, or if his youngest brother Thomas (then 28) was misidentified as him.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Waldron died unmarried on October 30, 1846, four years after the Wilkes Expedition concluded.

paragraph: Section::::Landmarks.

paragraph: Cape Waldron in Antarctica, and perhaps two Waldron Islands, one in Fiji and a possible second island in Washington state, are named after him. Waldron Ledge overlooking the Kilauea Caldera in Hawaii is named after him.

description: American explorer

wikidata_label: Richard Russell Waldron

wikipedia_title: Richard Russell Waldron


text:
captain
Fortress of Louisbourg
Albany, New York
councillor
New Hampshire
John Wentworth (governor)
W--ntw--th
Wentworth
French
Fortress of Louisbourg
Cape Breton Island
Canada
New Hampshire
Samuel Waldo
Colonel Thomas Westbrook
Jeremy Belknap
American Revolution
Committee of Safety
"friends of America in England"
Hon. John Wentworth, Esq.
American Revolution
Britain
Meshech Weare
Richard Waldron
Durham, New Hampshire
consul
Canada
Historic New England
Wentworth-Coolidge Mansion

categories: 1721 births,People from Dover, New Hampshire,1785 deaths,People from Portsmouth, New Hampshire,Patriots in the American Revolution,People of wars of independence of the Americas

paragraph: Thomas Westbrook Waldron

paragraph: Thomas Westbrook Waldron, a captain in the 1745 expedition against the Fortress of Louisbourg, afterwards a commissioner at Albany, New York, a Royal councillor in 1782 and later described as a Colonel, abandoned a close friendship with the last royal governor of colonial New Hampshire, John Wentworth (governor), for the role of a cautious patriot of the new United States.

paragraph: Section::::Residence and property.

paragraph: "He was born and died in Dover" New Hampshire.

paragraph: "He inherited the homestead, mill privileges, etc., purchasing the rights of his brother George. ... He lived on the old property, and in the Waldron house ..." This house, which he had built in 1763, was for a time "by far the best in Dover; its joiner work was ornate and elaborate, in every apartment; the furnishings were the best that period afforded.". "... [S]tood in Revolutionary times the mansion of Thomas Westbrook Waldrone, the soldier of Louisberg.".

paragraph: Section::::Career summary.

paragraph: "Thomas Westbrook Waldron... was a man of large property and extensive influence, although not so much in public office as father, grandfather, or great-grandfather...

paragraph: "The town records show him to have been frequently moderator of Dover town meetings... a selectman... townclerk... representative... Described as "a representative at Exeter in 1768 and a councilor in 1773...". "Thomas Westbrook Waldron (1721-85) was a Recorder of Deeds, Strafford County, 1776. He was the Dover, New Hampshire, town clerk from 30 March 1772 until his death in 1785.

paragraph: In 1748 Waldron's father complained that though Thomas Westbrook Waldron had done much at the siege of Louisburg, he couldn't receive a significant militia commission: "and for which he has been very illy requited by Mr. W--ntw--th" However this situation improved when a different Wentworth became governor. In later life he was described as a colonel.

paragraph: Section::::Louisburg.

paragraph: He has been described as the first volunteer in the 1745 invasion of the French Fortress of Louisbourg in Cape Breton Island, now part of Canada.

paragraph: "I have engaged for 1,000 men," writes William Vaughan, a prominent early proponent for the invasion. "When I was in New Hampshire, in a ludicrous manner talking of these affairs, your son Thomas desired a Lieut'y and if it go and I shall have a great hand in the nomination of the officers and if it may be that he may go, and be thought equal to a higher part, he may have it, if he can get 50 men. 'Tis proposed that the government find vessels, provisions and ammunition, &c--the men only find themselves and arms, without pay from the province, all to be volunteers.

paragraph: ... Your Kinsman, friend and Humble Servant, W. Vaughan"

paragraph: Ultimately he became a Captain of militia in the 1745 invasion.

paragraph: Looking back, his father referred to "...his services at the siege of Louisbourg, he commanding one of the whale boats which first landed in Chepeau-rouga Bay, and being one of the Captains that commanded a Company in sustaining the advance Battery the first day it pla'd on the City, when the Trench was hardly knee deep, and not 200 yards from the City walls, upon which the Enemy kept a continual Fire all the day both with Cannon and Muskets, and the volleys of small shot were like showers of hale..."

paragraph: His letters to his father describe with some bitterness that the spoils of war did not go to New Englanders and rightly predicted that the men would be "Lul'd along" into occupying Louisbourg through the winter.

paragraph: Young Captain Waldron can perhaps be forgiven for his uncharitable view of Massachusetts Brigadier General Samuel Waldo, who was also part of the Louisbourg campaign and was probably the "Duke Trinkelo" he described unflatteringly to his father. Waldo, his grandfather Colonel Thomas Westbrook's former business associate, was believed responsible for all his grandfather's financial reverses just a couple of years earlier. Bower, perhaps not understanding the Brigadier's connection to Thomas' family, dismissed his comments as a love of "idle talk".

paragraph: Section::::Looked to for encouragement of the first history of New Hampshire.

paragraph: Waldron's high regard for the future historian of New Hampshire, Jeremy Belknap, led him to loan a horse to him and to not hold him responsible for the death of the horse thereafter. He asked Belknap give a sermon to mustered troops and to educate one of his sons at his home. In turn, Belknap asked Captain Waldron if Belknap should compile a history "because I have such a value for your judgement, and must depend so much on your favor and assistance in the prosecution of such a work..." Belknap states he would abandon the whole project at this point without Captain Waldron's approval.

paragraph: Section::::From friend of the last New Hampshire royal governor to revolutionary.

paragraph: To the last Royal Governor of New Hampshire he was a "friend who predicted the rebellion". "Ten days after [Governor Wentworth's] commission was read [13 June 1767], he nominated Peter Gilman, John Sherburne, and Thomas Westbrook Waldron for a vacant position on the council. These three men represented families long inveterate enemies of the Wentworths and their interests in New Hampshire. Out of personal inclination, and for obvious political reasons, Wentworth felt it was time to mend broken fences ...". "...Thomas Westbrook Waldron in the years to come became one of Wentworth's close friends and confidents.". He was also one of the Governor's councillors called from his Dover home to sit in council during what might be termed the Portsmouth Tea Party of Sep 1774.

paragraph: We don't know which of his sons Waldron offered to stay with the approximately seven-year-old Governor's nephew at Belknap's home to receive an education. Perhaps it was Richard, christened 11 Aug 1765. In January 1770 Belknap politely declined to take students from either family.

paragraph: Despite this friendship with the Governor he threw his lot in with the rebels as the American Revolution approached, and was "named in a list of inhabitants of Dover, New Hampshire who took the Oath of Allegiance to the United States and Continental Congress, 1776, published in the Dover Enquirer."

paragraph: Chosen as a counsellor for Strafford County by the NH House of Representatives on Sat 6 Jan 1776 (See Stan Klos website), Waldron declined in a letter to the New Hampshire Committee of Safety January 15 for health reasons, and at the same time suggested a revolutionary council was unnecessary as "friends of America in England" would assist the revolutionary cause. On Wednesday, January 17, 1776 an "Hon. John Wentworth, Esq., of Somersworth, [was chosen] one of the Counsellors for the County of Strafford, in the room of Thomas Westbrook Waldron, Esq., who was chosen, but did not accept."

paragraph: Governor Wentworth's biographer, Paul Wilderson, suggests Wentworth hoped the American Revolution was temporary and unnecessary and that eventually wiser and more level heads would work together with more flexible leaders in Britain to restore the colonial allegiance to the crown. Colonel Waldron's looking for "friends of America in England" shows he initially shared this view.

paragraph: Even as he came to accept the revolution as appropriate and necessary, he expressed reservations at how some were treated. By August 19, 1776, as chairman of a revolutionary committee charged with inventorying a Loyalist's property,

paragraph: he wrote to the chief political figure in post-colonial New Hampshire, Meshech Weare, deploring that those who disagreed with the revolution had their property confiscated and expressing the hope that "politeness, justice, and lenity [be] among the shining characteristicks of the American States..."

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Waldron's great grandfather was Richard Waldron. He married Constance Davis of Durham, New Hampshire, about 1755. Of their children, two sons and three daughters had descendants. His name was reused by ensuing generations, including two grandsons, one who as consul died in Macao, the other in Canada.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: "[He] died there [the TW Waldron house] April 3, 1785. He was buried in the burial ground west of the Methodist church. After his death, the children were carried to Portsmouth, where they remained for several years.

paragraph: Section::::Estate.

paragraph: "[He] made his will Aug 7, 1779. He owned large quantities of land. In addition to the Dover property he owned lands in Rochester, Barrington, Gilmanton, Grafton County, Lebanon, Chichester, Canaan, Kilkenny and the Globe Tavern, The Square and the Training field in Portsmouth, two mill privileges in Portsmouth, and part of the lower falls.

paragraph: "These quantities of real estate were divided among his children, Charles and Daniel inheriting the Dover property. Daniel was the last owner of the extensive Waldron real estate in Dover. It probably came into the family in 1642 when the mill privilege in the center of Dover was granted to Major Richard Waldron. Upon January 31, 1820, an uninterrupted family ownership of 178 years terminated."

paragraph: The youngest son Daniel, not yet four years old when his father's will was written, inherited the majority of the family's land in Dover.

paragraph: Section::::Portrait.

paragraph: His portrait is owned by Historic New England. A copy previously hung in the "council chamber" of the Wentworth-Coolidge Mansion That copy is also owned by Historic New England and is in somewhat less pristine condition than the original. This and other works at the Wentworth-Coolidge house suffered at the hands of the grandchildren of later residents, who admitted they "mischievously touched up the [portraits] with fence paint!".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- His portrait http://www.historicnewengland.org/collections-archives-exhibitions/collections-access/collection-object/capobject?gusn=GUSN-175713&searchterm=waldron

description: American militia colonel

wikidata_label: Thomas Westbrook Waldron

wikipedia_title: Thomas Westbrook Waldron


text: silhouette

text: Dunkerque

text: Edinburgh

text: Boston

text: Victor Hugo

text: Fanny Brawne

text: Henry Clay

text: Susan Edmonstone Ferrier

text: Samuel Griswold Goodrich

text: Sarah Josepha Hale

text: Francis Lieber

text: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

text: Theophilus Parsons

text: Walter Scott

text: Daniel Webster

text: National Portrait Gallery, London

text: National Galleries of Scotland

text: Crawford Art Gallery

text: American Jewish Historical Society

text: Crawford Art Gallery

text: Cork

text: Google books

text: Google books

text: Auguste Edouart Self-Portrait

text: Portrait

text: Silhouette

text: Work

text: Silhouette in clasp of velvet choker

text: American Jewish Historical Society

text: 22 silhouettes

categories: 1861 deaths,People from Dunkirk,American portrait painters,1840s in the United States,French portrait painters,1789 births

paragraph: Auguste Edouart

paragraph: Auguste Amant Constant Fidèle Edouart (1789–1861) was a French-born portrait artist who worked in England, Scotland and the United States in the 19th century. He specialized in silhouette portraits.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Dunkerque, he left France in 1814, and established himself in London, where he began his career making portraits from hair. In 1825, he began work as a silhouette portraitist, taking full-length likenesses in profile by cutting out black paper with scissors. Edouart spent fifteen years touring England and in 1829 arrived in Edinburgh. He remained there for three years, during which time he produced some 5,000 likenesses. Edouart travelled in the United States in about 1839–49, visiting New York, Boston, and other locales. He later returned to France. where he worked on smaller silhouettes. They included one of the most notable writer of this period, Victor Hugo.

paragraph: Section::::Portraits.

paragraph: Edouart created portraits of hundreds of subjects, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samuel Appleton and family

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fanny Brawne

paragraph: BULLET::::- Captain Edward Bolton

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Buckland, Frank Buckland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Burroughs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Clay

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Connell and family

paragraph: BULLET::::- Susan Edmonstone Ferrier

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samuel Freeman

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samuel Griswold Goodrich

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarah Josepha Hale

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thaddeus Mason Harris

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Knox

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francis Lieber

paragraph: BULLET::::- Liston, comedian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Loudoun McAdam

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Moss (see American Collector Magazine September 1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stephen Olin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theophilus Parsons

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walter Scott

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daniel Webster

paragraph: Section::::Collections.

paragraph: Works by Edouart reside in the collections of the National Portrait Gallery, London; National Galleries of Scotland; Crawford Art Gallery, Cork; New York Historical Society; Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery; the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; Historic New England; and the American Jewish Historical Society, New York.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: "The Art of the Silhouette in 19th-century Cork", which included works by Edouart, Stephen O’Driscoll (c.1825-1895), and miniature portraits of members of the Crawford Family, was held at Crawford Art Gallery, Cork in 2015.

paragraph: "Black Out: Silhouettes Then and Now", which included works by Edouart, Moses Williams, and others, held at the National Portrait Gallery, Washington D.C. May 31, 2018 to March 10, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edouart. A Treatise on Silhouette Likenesses by Monsieur Edouart, Silhouettist to the French Royal Family, and patronized by His Royal Highness, the late Duke of Gloucester and the principal Nobility of England, Scotland, and Ireland. 1835

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Man Who Saved His Life by Giving His Body for Dissection. Barre Gazette (Massachusetts); Date: 03-28-1845

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrew W. Tuer. Art of Silhouetting. English illustrated magazine. 1890. Google books

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alice Van Leer Carrick. Shades of our ancestors: American profiles and profilists. Little, Brown, and Company, 1928. Google books

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrew Oliver. Auguste Edouart's Silhouettes of Eminent Americans, 1839-1844. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1977

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- WorldCat. Edouart, Augustin-Amant-Constant-Fidèle 1789-1861

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smithsonian. Auguste Edouart Self-Portrait, 1843

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flickr. Portrait by Edouart of Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (1788–1879)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Library of Congress. Silhouette profile of artist Charles Fenderich, by Edouart

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flickr. Work by Edouart

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flickr. Silhouette in clasp of velvet choker

paragraph: BULLET::::- American Jewish Historical Society. 22 silhouettes by Edouart

alias: Augustin Amanat Constance Fidele Edouart

description: French artist

wikidata_label: Auguste Edouart

wikipedia_title: Auguste Edouart


text:
Nabeshima Narinao
Ikeda Harumichi
shōgun
Tokugawa Ienari
Tokugawa Narimasa
Edo period
Dejima
Edo
Saga Castle
samurai
Nagasaki
Armstrong cannon
Tokugawa shogunate
reverse engineered
reverberatory furnace
steam engine
Commodore Matthew Perry
national isolation policy
Sonnō jōi
Edo Bay
rangaku
western medicine
smallpox
vaccination
Imperial Court
Boshin War
Meiji Restoration
Satchō Alliance
Emperor Meiji
Battle of Toba–Fushimi
Battle of Ueno
Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei
Meiji government
abolition of the han system
Saga Prefecture
Shimazu Yoshitake
Ezo

categories: 1815 births,People of the Boshin War,Nabeshima clan,1871 deaths,Tozama daimyo

paragraph: Nabeshima Naomasa

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Naomasa was born the 17th son of Nabeshima Narinao, the 9th "daimyō" of Saga Domain. His mother was a daughter of Ikeda Harumichi. His wife was the 18th daughter of "shōgun" Tokugawa Ienari, and one of his concubines was the 19th daughter of Tokugawa Narimasa.

paragraph: On the retirement of his father in 1830, Naomasa was appointed 10th "daimyō" of Saga at the age of 17. In celebration of his new role and to reinforce the close relations between Saga domain and the shogunate, his father-in-law Shōgun Tokugawa Ienari allowed him the use of one character from his name. Thus, "Narimasa" was written (斉正) until the end of the Edo period.

paragraph: Naomasa inherited a domain on the verge or bankruptcy, due to high expenses associated with its role in guarding the foreign settlement at nearby Dejima and due to the profligate spending habits of Naomasa’s father. When Naomasa was appointed "daimyō" in Edo and prepared to make a journey back to his domain, a mob of creditors besieged his Edo residence demanding repayment on outstanding debts before he departed the city. However, Naomasa’s attempts to reform domain finances were continually blocked by his retired father, whose conservative politics and resistance to innovation were at odds with any new policies he attempted to implement. Naomasa was only able to take full control after the 1835 fire at Saga Castle.

paragraph: Using the need to raise funds to reconstruct the castle as a justification, he cut the number of samurai supported by Saga domain to one-fifth of its previous level, and established a number of industries, including production of weapons, charcoal and tea as domain monopolies. At the same time, he made a strong investment in the domain academy, the to train future leaders of Saga Domain in the latest technologies. Through his contacts at nearby Nagasaki, he imported Armstrong cannon, far more powerful than anything deployed by the Tokugawa shogunate to date, and had the weapons reverse engineered with copies made by Saga armories. He built the first reverberatory furnace in Japan and invited competent artisans, including swordsmiths and metal casters, from around Japan to migrate to Saga regardless of their social standing. He also sponsored the development of steam engines and steam-powered warships.

paragraph: In 1853, with the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry to end Japan’s national isolation policy, he was initially vocal in his support of the "Sonnō jōi" faction, and assisted the Tokugawa government in building coastal defense batteries around Edo Bay. However, he also secretly opened direct negotiations with Great Britain, and later emerged as a proponent of opening the country to foreign trade. He officially retired from the position of "daimyō" in 1861. Even after retirement, he kept an active hand in the development of Saga Domain, strongly supporting "rangaku" studies, especially in the fields of western medicine, weaponry and military tactics. He introduced smallpox vaccination into Japan, experimenting first on his own son. In the unsettled Bakumatsu period, Saga emerged as one of the militarily strongest of the Japanese domains, and Naomasa attempted to maintain a policy of neutrality between the moderate "Kōbu Gattai" faction which wished to reconcile the Tokugawa shogunate with the Imperial Court, and the more radical factions supporting either the Emperor or the Shōgun.

paragraph: During the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration, he joined his forces with the Satchō Alliance in support of Emperor Meiji. After the Battle of Toba–Fushimi he fought against the Tokugawa remnants at the Battle of Ueno and in the various campaigns in northern Japan against the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei.

paragraph: Naomasa was appointed a councilor to the new Meiji government. With the abolition of the han system, he surrendered his office and was appointed governor until Saga Domain was absorbed into the new Saga Prefecture in July 1871. Together with Shimazu Yoshitake, he was appointed Commissioner of Colonial Affairs, and tasked with the settlement of Ezo and other lands in northern Japan.

paragraph: He died in 1871 at the Saga domain residence in Tokyo.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The content of this article was derived from that of the corresponding article on Japanese Wikipedia."

description: daimyo

wikidata_label: Nabeshima Naomasa

wikipedia_title: Nabeshima Naomasa


text:
Henceforth
Viper
Andre Matos
Shaman
Angra

categories: Musicians from São Paulo,Living people,Brazilian heavy metal guitarists,1975 births,Male guitarists,Shaman (band) members,21st-century guitarists,21st-century male musicians,Brazilian people of Italian descent

paragraph: Hugo Mariutti

paragraph: Hugo Mariutti (born in São Paulo on 18 December 1975) is a Brazilian musician, best known as the guitarist of Henceforth, Viper and Andre Matos' solo band and as the former guitarist of Shaman, in which he played with his brother Luis Mariutti, who is also the former bassist of Angra.

description: Brazilian musician

wikidata_label: Hugo Mariutti

wikipedia_title: Hugo Mariutti


text:
Attorney General of California
Indiana
California
agriculturalists
equality
Livermore, California
Brief biography with picture

categories: California Attorneys General,1901 deaths,1849 births

paragraph: Augustus L. Hart

paragraph: Augustus L. Hart (October 15, 1849 – 1901) was the 13th Attorney General of California.

paragraph: Section::::Birth.

paragraph: Augustus L. Hart was born in Indiana on October 15, 1849.

paragraph: Section::::Politics.

paragraph: Hart believed that it is necessary to empower the rights of the people of California and it was derived from the equal protection of the law.

paragraph: Section::::Politics.:Quotes.

paragraph: "if she will ever maintain the rights of the poor as the rights of the rich; will ever look to the interest of the laboring classes, the men whose property, though small in degree to them, are equal to those of the richer classes. She will maintain their rights and will maintain the rights of the agriculturalists, maintain the rights of the mechanics, the farmers, the lawyers and all-extending equality to all her people the entire extent of her domain..."

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Augustus L. Hart died in Livermore, California in 1901.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brief biography with picture

description: politician

wikidata_label: Augustus L. Hart

wikipedia_title: Augustus L. Hart


text: patron saint

text: maid

text: domestic servants

text: keys

text: Tuscany

text: Monsagrati

text: Lucca

text: angel

text: canonized

text: incorrupt

text: Basilica di San Frediano

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: feast day

text: St Frigidian

text: Pope Leo X

text: Pope Benedict XIV

text: Roman Martyrology

text: medieval

text: England

text: St Benet Sherehog

text: London

text: Incorruptibility

text: Patron saints

text: List of Catholic saints

text: Eternal Word Television Network

text: Recipe for St. Zita's Bread

text: St. Zita

text: Life of St. Zita – Butler

categories: Italian Roman Catholic saints,1212 births,Incorrupt saints,Female saints of medieval Italy,1272 deaths,13th-century Italian people,13th-century Italian women,13th-century Christian saints,People from the Province of Lucca

paragraph: Zita

paragraph: Saint Zita (c. 1212 – 27 April 1272; also known as Sitha or Citha) is an Italian saint, the patron saint of maids and domestic servants. She is often appealed to in order to help find lost keys.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Saint Zita was born in Tuscany in the village of Monsagrati, not far from Lucca where, at the age of 12, she became a servant in the Fatinelli household. For a long time, she was unjustly despised, overburdened, reviled, and often beaten by her employers and fellow servants for her hard work and obvious goodness. The incessant ill-usage, however, was powerless to deprive her of her inward peace, her love of those who wronged her, and her respect for her employers. By this meek and humble self-restraint, Zita at last succeeded in overcoming the malice of her fellow-servants and her employers, so much so that she was placed in charge of all the affairs of the house. Her faith had enabled her to persevere against their abuse, and her constant piety gradually moved the family to a religious awakening.

paragraph: Zita often said to others that devotion is false if slothful. She considered her work as an employment assigned to her by God, and as part of her penance, and obeyed her master and mistress in all things as being placed over her by God. She always rose several hours before the rest of the family and employed in prayer a considerable part of the time which others gave to sleep. She took care to hear mass every morning with great devotion before she was called upon by the duties of her station, in which she was employed the whole day, with such diligence and fidelity that she seemed to be carried to them on wings, and studied when possible to anticipate them.

paragraph: One anecdote relates a story of Zita giving her own food or that of her master to the poor. On one morning, Zita left her chore of baking bread to tend to someone in need. Some of the other servants made sure the Fatinelli family was aware of what happened; when they went to investigate, they claimed to have found angels in the Fatinelli kitchen, baking the bread for her.

paragraph: Section::::Death and canonization.

paragraph: St. Benita Zita died peacefully in the Fatinelli house on April 27, 1272. It is said that a star appeared above the attic where she slept at the moment of her death. She was 60 years old, and had served and edified the family for 48 years. By the time of her death, she had become practically venerated by the family. After one hundred and fifty miracles wrought on behalf of such as had recourse to her intercession had been juridically proven, she was canonized in 1696.

paragraph: Her body was exhumed in 1580, discovered to be incorrupt, but has since become mummified. St. Zita's body is currently on display for public veneration in the Basilica di San Frediano in Lucca.

paragraph: Her feast day in the Roman Catholic Church is April 27. To this day, families bake a loaf of bread in celebration of St. Zita's feast day.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: Soon after Zita's death a popular cult grew up around her, centering on the church of St Frigidian in Lucca. This was also joined by prominent members of the city. Pope Leo X sanctioned a liturgical cult within the church in the early 16th century, which was confirmed upon her canonization. In 1748, Pope Benedict XIV added her name to the Roman Martyrology.

paragraph: During the late medieval era, her popular cult had grown throughout Europe. In England she was known under the name Sitha, and was popularly invoked by maidservants and housewives, particularly in event of having lost one's keys, or when crossing rivers or bridges. Images of St. Zita may be seen in churches across the south of England. The church of St Benet Sherehog in London had a chapel dedicated to her, and was locally known as St. Sithes. However, despite her popularity at this time, the cult was not an official one.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Incorruptibility

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patron saints

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic saints

paragraph: Section::::Footnotes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Online edition hosted by Eternal Word Television Network www.ewtn.com.) This is a straightforward piece of nineteenth-century popular hagiography. It cites its sources thus: “See her life, compiled by a contemporary writer, and published by Papebroke, the Bollandist, on the 27th of April, p. 497, and Benedict XIV De Canoniz. lib. ii. c. 24, p. 245.”

paragraph: BULLET::::- It states as sources: "The earliest biography of the saint is preserved in an anonymous manuscript belonging to the Fatinelli family which was published at Ferrara in 1688 by Monsignor Fatinelli, ‘Vita beatf[sic] Zitf[sic] virginis Lucensis ex vetustissimo codice manuscripto fideliter transumpta’. For his fuller ‘Vita e miracoli di S. Zita vergine lucchese’ (Lucca, 1752) Bartolomeo Fiorito has used this and other notices, especially those taken from the process drawn up to prove the immemorial cult."

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Recipe for St. Zita's Bread from "Cook's Blessings, The" by Demetria Taylor, Random House, New York, 1965. (Actually a perfectly modern recipe: it makes no claims to resemble loaves made in thirteenth-century Lucca.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Zita is a short account of Zita’s life published by St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church, Picayune, MS, USA. It gives no sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Life of St. Zita – Butler Life of St. Zita – Taken from Vol. IV of "The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints" by the Rev. Alban Butler, the 1864 edition published by D. & J. Sadlier, & Company)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Online edition hosted by The Order of the Magnificat of the Mother of God from the Monastery of the Apostles, Mont-Tremblant, Quebec, Canada.) This book for children is a “compilation based on Butler’s "Lives of the Saints" and other sources.”

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guerra, Almerico (1875) "Istoria della vita di Santa Zita, … narrata secondo i documenti contemporanei". Lucca

description: Italian saint

wikidata_label: St. Zita

wikipedia_title: Zita


text: Hindi

text: Khari Boli

text: Khari Boli

text: Braj Bhasha

text: Padma Bhushan

text: Mahatma Gandhi

text: Chirgaon

text: Jhansi

text: Uttar Pradesh

text: Gahoi

text: Sanskrit

text: English

text: Bengali

text: Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi

text: Saraswati

text: Ramayana

text: Mahabharata

text: Buddhist

text: Urmila

text: Lakshmana

text: Ramayana

text: Yashodhara

text: Gautama Buddha

text: Rajya Sabha

text: Ramdhari Singh Dinkar

text: Makhanlal Chaturvedi

text: alliterations

text: List of Hindi-language poets

text: Maithili Sharan Gupt at Kavita Kosh

categories: People from Jhansi district,20th-century Indian translators,Translators of Omar Khayyám,20th-century Indian poets,Hindi poets,1886 births,Poets from Uttar Pradesh,Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha,1965 deaths,Rashtrakavi,Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education,Hindi-language writers,Translators to Hindustani

paragraph: Maithili Sharan Gupt

paragraph: Maithili Sharan Gupt (3 August 1886 – 12 December 1964) was one of the most important modern Hindi poets. He is considered one among the pioneers of "Khari Boli" (plain dialect) poetry and wrote in Khari Boli dialect, at a time when most Hindi poets favoured the use of Braj Bhasha dialect. He was a recipient of the third highest (then second highest) Indian civilian honour of Padma Bhushan. For his book Bharat-Bharati (1912), widely quoted during India's freedom struggle, he was given the title of Rashtra Kavi by Mahatma Gandhi.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was born in Chirgaon, Jhansi in Uttar Pradesh in the Kankane clan of the Gahoi community in a family that was once a wealthy zamidar family, but the wealth was lost by the time he was born. His father was Seth Ramcharan Gupta and mother's name was Kashibai. He disliked school as a child, so his father arranged for his education at their home. As a child, Gupt studied Sanskrit, English and Bengali. Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi was his mentor. He married in 1895.

paragraph: He was the teacher of Dewan Shatrughan Singh(Bundelkhandi Royal), who is known as Bundelkhand Kesri & Bundelkhand Gandhi.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Literary works.

paragraph: Gupt entered the world of Hindi literature by writing poems in various magazines, including "Saraswati".In 1910, his first major work, "Rang mein Bhang" was published by Indian Press. With "Bharat Bharati", his nationalist poems became popular among Indians, who were struggling for independence. Most of his poems revolve around plots from Ramayana, Mahabharata, Buddhist stories and the lives of famous religious leaders. His famous work "Saket" revolves around Urmila, wife of Lakshmana, from Ramayana, while another of his works "Yashodhara" revolves around Yashodhara, the wife of Gautama Buddha.

paragraph: प्राण न पागल हो तुम यों, पृथ्वी पर वह प्रेम कहाँ..

paragraph: मोहमयी छलना भर है, भटको न अहो अब और यहाँ..

paragraph: ऊपर को निरखो अब तो बस मिलता है चिरमेल वहाँ..

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Public office.

paragraph: After India got independent in 1947, he was also made an honorary member of the Rajya Sabha, where he used poetry to put his opinions before the other members. He remained a member of the Rajya Sabha till his death in 1964. He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 1954.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Creative style.

paragraph: His works are based along patriotic themes, among others poets such as Ramdhari Singh Dinkar and Makhanlal Chaturvedi. His poetry is characterized by non-rhyming couplets in Khadi Boli. Although the couplet structure is non rhyming, the prominent use of alliterations lends a rhythmic backdrop due to the rhythmic alterations between vowels and consonants. He was a religious man, and this can be seen in his works.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Major works.

paragraph: Poetry:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saket"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rang mein Bhang"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Matrubhumi"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bharat-Bharati"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jayadrath Vadh"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vikat Bhat"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Plassey ka Yuddha"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gurukul"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kisan"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Panchavati"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nirjhar"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "yashodhara"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Manushyata"

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Hindi-language poets

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maithili Sharan Gupt at Kavita Kosh

paragraph: BULLET::::- Three poems of the poet from Bharat Bharati are available for readers at www.geeta-kavita.com

description: Indian politician

wikidata_label: Maithili Sharan Gupt

wikipedia_title: Maithili Sharan Gupt


text: Italian

text: composer

text: guitar

text: United States

text: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

text: Hollywood

text: Jascha Heifetz

text: Gregor Piatigorsky

text: Florence

text: Spain

text: piano

text: Ildebrando Pizzetti

text: Alfredo Casella

text: Corporazione delle Nuove Musiche

text: Europe

text: Salzburg

text: Austria

text: opera

text: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: literature

text: Aeschylus

text: Virgil

text: John Keats

text: William Wordsworth

text: Walt Whitman

text: Miguel de Cervantes

text: Federico García Lorca

text: William Shakespeare

text: Bible

text: Jascha Heifetz

text: anti-Semitism

text: Venice

text: guitarist

text: Andrés Segovia

text: Italian Racial Laws

text: radio

text: Arturo Toscanini

text: La Scala

text: Jascha Heifetz

text: United States

text: World War II

text: Gregor Piatigorsky

text: Arturo Toscanini

text: Hollywood

text: Jascha Heifetz

text: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

text: Rita Hayworth

text: The Loves of Carmen

text: Columbia Pictures

text: Henry Mancini

text: Nelson Riddle

text: Herman Stein

text: André Previn

text: Jerry Goldsmith

text: Marty Paich

text: John Williams

text: Scott Bradley

text: Robert Strassburg

text: Gianandrea Gavazzeni

text: Les Guitares bien tempérées

text: Alexandre Lagoya

text: Ida Presti

text: The Well-Tempered Clavier

text: Johann Sebastian Bach

text: American poetry

text: Beverly Hills, California

text: Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery

text: Library of Congress

text: Pietro Castelnuovo-Tedesco

text: "Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Mario"

text: "Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Mario"

text: Grove Music Online

text: Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco - website

text: Brief biography (in English)

text: Casa Ricordi

text: "Shakespeare Sonnets"

categories: 20th-century classical composers,Jewish classical composers,Italian male classical composers,Italian Jews,20th-century Italian composers,Composers for the classical guitar,Italian emigrants to the United States,1895 births,Italian film score composers,Italian ballet composers,Composers for harp,Male film score composers,Italian opera composers,People from Florence,1968 deaths,20th-century Sephardi Jews,Male opera composers,Burials at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery

paragraph: Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco

paragraph: Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (3 April 1895 – 16 March 1968) was an Italian composer, pianist and writer. He was known as one of the foremost guitar composers in the twentieth century with almost one hundred compositions for that instrument. In 1939 he immigrated to the United States and became a film composer for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for some 200 Hollywood movies for the next fifteen years. He also wrote concertos for Jascha Heifetz and Gregor Piatigorsky.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Florence, he was descended from a prominent banking family that had lived in Tuscany, specifically in Siena until the half of the 19th century, since the expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492. His father was Amedeo and his elder brothers Ugo (born in 1890, lawyer) and Guido (born in 1891, engineer). Castelnuovo-Tedesco was first introduced to the piano by his mother, Noemi Senigaglia, and he composed his first pieces when he was just nine years old. After completing a degree in piano in 1914 under Edgardo Del Valle de Paz (1861–1920), well-known composer and pianist pupil of Beniamino Cesi, he began studying composition under renowned Italian composer Ildebrando Pizzetti, and received a diploma in composition in 1918. He soon came to the attention of composer and pianist Alfredo Casella, who included the young Castelnuovo-Tedesco's work in his repertoire. Casella also ensured that Castelnuovo's works would be included in the repertoires of the "Societa Nazionale di Musica" (later the "Corporazione delle Nuove Musiche"), granting him exposure throughout Europe as one of Italy's up-and-coming young composers. Works by him were included in the first festival of the International Society of Contemporary Music, held in Salzburg, Austria, in 1922.

paragraph: In 1926, Castelnuovo-Tedesco premiered his first opera "La Mandragola", based on a play by Niccolò Machiavelli. It was the first of his many works inspired by great literature, and which included interpretations of works by Aeschylus, Virgil, John Keats, William Wordsworth, Walt Whitman, Miguel de Cervantes, Federico García Lorca, and especially William Shakespeare. Another major source of inspiration for him was his Jewish heritage, most notably the Bible and Jewish liturgy. His Violin Concerto No. 2 (1931), written at the request of Jascha Heifetz, was also an expression of his pride in his Jewish origins, or as he described it, the "splendor of past days", in the face of rising anti-Semitism that was sweeping across much of Europe.

paragraph: At the 1932 festival of the International Society of Contemporary Music, held in Venice, Castelnuovo-Tedesco first met the Spanish guitarist Andrés Segovia. The meeting inspired Castelnuovo-Tedesco to write for the guitar, beginning with his "Variazioni attraverso i secoli (Variations à travers les siècles)", Op. 71 (1932), and later his Guitar Concerto No. 1 (1939). All in all, he wrote almost one hundred compositions for this instrument, which earned him a reputation as one of the foremost composers for the guitar in the twentieth century. Some of them were written and dedicated to Segovia, who was an enthusiast of his style.

paragraph: Even before the Italian government promulgated the Italian Racial Laws in late 1938, Castelnuovo-Tedesco was banned from the radio and performances of his work were cancelled. The new racial laws, however, convinced him that he should leave Italy. He wrote to Arturo Toscanini, the former musical director of La Scala, and violinist Jascha Heifetz, explaining his plight, and both responded with support. As an American citizen, Heifetz began paperwork to sponsor Castelnuovo-Tedesco as an immigrant in the United States. Castelnuovo-Tedesco left Italy in 1939, shortly before the outbreak of World War II.

paragraph: He wrote his Cello Concerto in G minor, Op. 72, for Gregor Piatigorsky. It was premiered with the dedicatee under Arturo Toscanini in New York in 1935. For Piatigorsky he also wrote a Toccata (1935), and a piece called "Greeting Card", Op. 170/3, based on the spelling of Piatigorsky’s name.

paragraph: Like many artists who fled fascism, Castelnuovo-Tedesco ended up in Hollywood, where, with the help of Jascha Heifetz, he landed a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a film composer. Over the next fifteen years, he worked on scores for some 200 films there and at the other major film studios. Rita Hayworth hired him to write the music for "The Loves of Carmen" (1948), produced by Hayworth for her Beckworth Productions and released by Columbia Pictures.

paragraph: As a teacher, Castelnuovo-Tedesco had a significant influence on other major film composers, including Henry Mancini, Nelson Riddle, Herman Stein and André Previn. Jerry Goldsmith, Marty Paich and John Williams were all his pupils, as was Scott Bradley, who studied privately with him while both were on staff at MGM. He also maintained close contact with the film composer Robert Strassburg. His relationship to Hollywood was ambiguous: later in life he downplayed the influence that it had on his own work, but he also believed that it was an essentially American artform, much as opera was European.

paragraph: In 1946 he became a U.S. citizen, but he remained very close to Italy, which he frequently visited. In 1958 he won the "Concorso Campari" with the opera "The Merchant of Venice", which was first performed in 1961 at the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino under the baton of Gianandrea Gavazzeni.

paragraph: In 1962 he wrote "Les Guitares bien tempérées" for two guitars, a set of 24 preludes and fugues in all 24 major and minor keys, for the duo-guitarists Alexandre Lagoya and Ida Presti. This was inspired by "The Well-Tempered Clavier" by Johann Sebastian Bach, a composer Castelnuovo-Tedesco revered.

paragraph: In the United States, Castelnuovo-Tedesco also composed new operas and works based on American poetry, Jewish liturgy, and the Bible. He died in Beverly Hills, California, in 1968 at the age of 72. He is buried at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery.

paragraph: The Library of Congress in Washington, DC, hosts the "Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco Collection", a collection of the composer's manuscripts donated by his family in 2000. The catalogue is accessible online.

paragraph: His son was the psychiatrist Pietro Castelnuovo-Tedesco.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Castelnuovo-Tedesco's autobiography, "A life in music: a book of memories", written shortly before his death, was published decades later:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Una vita di musica: un libro di ricordi" (in Italian), James Westby (ed.), with an introduction by Mila De Sanctis, Fiesole: Cadmo, 2005.

paragraph: Other writings by the composer have been catalogued.

paragraph: Section::::Sources and further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bardi, Aloma (2012). "Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco amico dei musicisti napoletani". In Pier Paolo De Martino and Daniela Margoni Tortora (ed.). "Musica e musicisti a Napoli nel primo Novecento" (in Italian). Napoli: Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Champagne, John (2012). "A Glimpse through an Interstice Caught": fascism and Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco's "Calamus" Songs. "Aesthetic Modernism and Masculinity in Fascist Italy". New York: Routledge.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Compagno, Alberto (2000). "Gli anni fiorentini di Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco" (in Italian). Carrara.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gatti, Guido M. "Ricordo di Mario Castelnuovo Tedesco". In "Annuario Accademia Nazionale di S. Cecilia" (in Italian), 1969.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gilardino, Angelo. "Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco". Supplement of "Guitar" (in Italian) 2005, no. 10.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malorgio, Cosimo (2001). "Censure di un musicista: la vicenda artistica e umana di Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco". Torino: Paravia (vol. 6), 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orselli, Cesare (1978). "Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Mario". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Treccani. Retrieved 20 September 2013.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Otero, Corazon (1987) "Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco: su vida y su obra para guitarra"(in Spanish). Lomas de Bezares: Ediciones musicales Yolotl.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rossi, Nick (1977). "Catalogue of Works by Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco". New York: International Castelnuovo-Tedesco Society.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Westby, James. "CastelnuovoTedesco in America: The Film Music". Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California at Los Angeles, 1994.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Westby, James (2005). "Catalogo delle opere: composizioni, bibliografia, filmografia" (in Italian). Fiesole: Cadmo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Westby, James. "Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Mario". Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online, Oxford University Press. Retrieved 18 September 2013 (subscription required).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco - website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brief biography (in English) at Casa Ricordi

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Relevance of Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1895-1968)" by James Wade at EGTA – European Guitar Teachers Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- Songs by Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco on The Art Song Project

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Shakespeare Sonnets"" Ashley Riches (baritone) and Emma Abbate (piano) (Resonus Classics RES 10141). The world-première recording of Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco's "Shakespeare Sonnets".

description: Italian composer

wikidata_label: Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco

wikipedia_title: Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco


text: New York school of photography

text: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

text: Talmud

text: rabbi

text: New York City

text: Abstract Expressionist

text: Richard Pousette-Dart

text: W. Eugene Smith

text: Leica

text: Robert Frank

text: Diane Arbus

text: Jane Livingston

text: New York School of photographers

text: Elle

text: Vogue

text: Henry Wolf

text: Esquire

text: Harper’s Bazaar

text: Edward Steichen

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: Martin Harrison

text: Henri Cartier-Bresson

text: Tomas Leach

text: Martin Harrison

text: Steidl

text: Delpire

text: Thames & Hudson

text: Max Kozloff

text: Addison Gallery of American Art

text: The Albertina

text: Amon Carter Museum

text: Art Institute of Chicago

text: Baltimore Museum of Art

text: Milwaukee Art Museum

text: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

text: Museum of Fine Arts, Houston

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: National Gallery of Art

text: St. Louis Art Museum

text: Staatliche Museen

text: Victoria & Albert Museum

text: Whitney Museum

text: 18 photographs by Saul Leiter

text: In No Great Hurry

text: Tomas Leach

categories: Artists from Pittsburgh,1923 births,2013 deaths

paragraph: Saul Leiter

paragraph: Saul Leiter (December 3, 1923 – November 26, 2013) was an American photographer and painter whose early work in the 1940s and 1950s was an important contribution to what came to be recognized as the New York school of photography.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Leiter was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His father was a well known Talmud scholar and Saul studied to become a rabbi. His mother gave him his first camera at age 12. At age 23, he left theology school and moved to New York City to become an artist. He had developed an early interest in painting and was fortunate to meet the Abstract Expressionist painter Richard Pousette-Dart.

paragraph: Pousette-Dart and W. Eugene Smith encouraged Leiter to pursue photography and he was soon taking black and white pictures with a 35 mm Leica, which he acquired for a few Eugene Smith prints. In 1948, he started taking color photographs. He began associating with other contemporary photographers such as Robert Frank and Diane Arbus and helped form what Jane Livingston has termed the New York School of photographers during the 1940s and 1950s.

paragraph: Leiter worked as a fashion photographer for the next 20 years and was published in "Show, Elle", British "Vogue, Queen," and "Nova." In the late 1950s the art director Henry Wolf published Leiter’s color fashion work in "Esquire" and later in "Harper’s Bazaar".

paragraph: Edward Steichen included Leiter’s black and white photographs in the exhibition "Always the Young Stranger" at the Museum of Modern Art in 1953. Leiter’s work is featured prominently in Jane Livingston’s book "The New York School" (1992) and in Martin Harrison’s "Appearances: Fashion Photography since 1945" (1991). In 2008, The Foundation Henri Cartier-Bresson in Paris mounted Leiter’s first museum exhibition in Europe with an accompanying catalog.

paragraph: Leiter is the subject of a 2012 feature-length documentary "In No Great Hurry - 13 Lessons in Life with Saul Leiter," directed and produced by Tomas Leach . Leiter is a featured subject, among others, in the documentary film "Tracing Outlines" (2015) by 2nd State Productions.

paragraph: Martin Harrison, editor and author of "Saul Leiter Early Color" (2006), writes, "Leiter’s sensibility . . . placed him outside the visceral confrontations with urban anxiety associated with photographers such as Robert Frank or William Klein. Instead, for him the camera provided an alternate way of seeing, of framing events and interpreting reality. He sought out moments of quiet humanity in the Manhattan maelstrom, forging a unique urban pastoral from the most unlikely of circumstances."

paragraph: Leiter died on 26 November 2013 in New York City.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Early Color." Introduction by Martin Harrison.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Göttingen: Steidl, 2006. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Göttingen: Steidl, 2013. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saul Leiter."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paris: Delpire, 2007. Photo Poche series.

paragraph: BULLET::::- London: Thames & Hudson, 2008. . Photofile series.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Early Black and White."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Göttingen: Steidl, 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Göttingen: Steidl; Howard Greenberg Gallery, 2014. . Two volumes, boxed edition. By Max Kozloff, edited by Howard Greenberg and Bob Shamis with the assistance of Margit Erb, with an additional essay by Jane Livingston.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saul Leiter." Göttingen: Steidl, 2008. . Preface by Agnès Sire.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Photographs and Works on Paper." Antwerp: Fifty One Publication, 2011. . Exhibition Catalogue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Here's more, why not?." Antwerp: Fifty One Publication, 2013. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Painted Nudes." London: Sylph, 2015. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All About Saul Leiter." Seigensha, 2017. Catalogue published to accompany an exhibition at the Bunkamura Museum of Art, Tokyo, 2017. Captions in English and Japanese.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Women." Tokyo: Space Shower, 2018. . Mostly photographs, some paintings.

paragraph: Section::::Solo exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944: Ten Thirty Gallery, Cleveland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945: The Outlines Gallery, Pittsburgh.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947: Butler Institute of American Art, Youngstown, OH.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950s: Tanager Gallery, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954: "Emerging Talent." Curated by Clement Greenberg. Samuel Koontz Gallery, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972: Midtown Y, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984: Gallery Lafayette, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: Gallery Lafayette, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: Howard Greenberg Gallery, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994: Howard Greenberg Gallery, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Saul Leiter, In Color." Martha Schneider Gallery, Chicago.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Saul Leiter, In Color." Howard Greenberg Gallery, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Saul Leiter, In Color." Staton Greenberg Gallery, Santa Barbara.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Saul Leiter, Early Color." Howard Greenberg Gallery, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "The Fashion Photographs of Saul Leiter," Festival of Fashion Photography, Hyères, France.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Saul Leiter, Color," Fifty One Fine Art Photography, Antwerp.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "In Living Color, Photographs by Saul Leiter," Milwaukee Art Museum.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Saul Leiter, Early Color," University of Maine Museum of Art, Bangor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Saul Leiter," Galerie Camera Obscura, Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Saul Leiter," Faggionato Fine Arts, London.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Saul Leiter," Howard Greenberg Gallery, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Saul Leiter," Jackson Fine Art, Atlanta.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Saul Leiter," Galleria C arla Sozzani, Milan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Saul Leiter," Foundation Henri Cartier-Bresson, Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Saul Leiter," Fifty One Fine Art Photography, Antwerp.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Saul Leiter," Mois de la Foto, Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Saul Leiter, New York Reflections," Jewish Historical Museum, Amsterdam.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Saul Leiter, Early Color", Musée de l’Elysée, Lausanne

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Saul Leiter, Photographs and works on paper," Fifty One Fine Art Photography, Antwerp.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Saul Leiter, Retrospective," Deichtorhallen Hamburg.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Saul Leiter, Here's more, why not," Fifty One Fine Art Photography, Antwerp.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Saul Leiter, Black & white," Fifty One Fine Art Photography, Antwerp.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Saul Leiter," Kunst Haus Wien.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "Homage to Saul Leiter," Fifty One gallery, Antwerp.

paragraph: Section::::Collections.

paragraph: Leiter's work is held in the following public collections:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Addison Gallery of American Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Albertina Museum, Vienna

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art Institute of Chicago

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore

paragraph: BULLET::::- Milwaukee Art Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Fine Arts, Houston

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Modern Art, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Louis Art Museum, St. Louis

paragraph: BULLET::::- Staatliche Museen Zu Berlin,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victoria & Albert Museum, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- Whitney Museum of American Arts, New York

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saul Leiter "Early Black and White" Photo Book The Eye of Photography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saul Leiter interview at Photographers Speak

paragraph: BULLET::::- 18 photographs by Saul Leiter

paragraph: BULLET::::- In No Great Hurry, a feature documentary about Saul Leiter by Tomas Leach

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'Coffee and conversation with photographer Saul Leiter' in 2008 by Visual Productions NYC

description: American photographer

enwikiquote_title: Saul Leiter

wikidata_label: Saul Leiter

wikipedia_title: Saul Leiter


text:
FRS
variable-pitch propeller
Battle of Britain
Hele-Shaw flow
Victaulic
Billericay
Grays Thurrock
George Horne
Whitworth Scholar
University College, Bristol
Liverpool University College
Fellow of the Royal Society
Whitworth Society
The Whitworth Society
Sir Joseph Whitworth
Franklin Institute
Certificate of Merit
Ross-on-Wye
Royal Institution Christmas Lecture
Hele-Shaw clutch
Victaulic

categories: British engineers,1854 births,Fluid dynamicists,1941 deaths

paragraph: Henry Selby Hele-Shaw

paragraph: Henry Selby Hele-Shaw FRS (1854–1941) was an English mechanical and automobile engineer. He was the inventor of the variable-pitch propeller, which contributed to British success in the Battle of Britain in 1940, and he experimented with flows through thin cells. Flows through such configurations are named in his honour (Hele-Shaw flows). He was also a co-founder of Victaulic.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born on 29 July 1854 at Billericay, he was the eldest son of Henry Shaw (1825 – 1880), a lawyer who went bankrupt, and his wife Marion Selby Hele (1834 – 1891), daughter of the Reverend Henry Selby Hele, vicar of Grays Thurrock and grandson of the Reverend George Horne. He was first articled at the age of 17 to Messrs Rouch and Leaker, at the Mardyke Engineering Works, Bristol and served an engineering apprenticeship until 1876. Hele-Shaw was also elected a Whitworth Scholar.

paragraph: He was the first Professor of Engineering at University College, Bristol, and in 1885 became the first to hold the Harrison Chair of Engineering at Liverpool University College and was also a Fellow of the Royal Society.

paragraph: In 1923 Hele-Shaw founded the Whitworth Society and was the Society's first President. The Whitworth Society still exists and provides an informal contact between all ages of Whitworth Scholar and a means to promote engineering in the UK. The aim of the society is to bring closer those who have benefited from Sir Joseph Whitworth's generosity.

paragraph: He was awarded the Franklin Institute's Certificate of Merit in 1933.

paragraph: He died on 30 January 1941 at Ross-on-Wye.

paragraph: Section::::Lectures.

paragraph: In 1902 Hele-Shaw was invited to deliver the Royal Institution Christmas Lecture "Locomotion : On the Earth, Through the Water, in the Air".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hele-Shaw clutch

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victaulic

description: British engineer

wikidata_label: Henry Selby Hele-Shaw

wikipedia_title: Henry Selby Hele-Shaw


text:
funk
jazz
vibraphone
music producer
post-bop
Atlantic Records
Polydor Records
jazz-funk
acid jazz
mallet
Lionel Hampton
South Park
South Central
Southern California
Black music
Thomas Jefferson High School
Central Avenue
Harlem
Lenox Avenue
State Street
Thomas Jefferson High School
Dexter Gordon
City College
Herbie Mann
Jack Hill
blaxploitation
Coffy
Pam Grier
R&B
Everybody Loves the Sunshine
RAMP
Hot Disco/Dance chart
Jill Scott
Afrobeat
pioneer
Fela Kuti
Sylvia Striplin
Give Me Your Love
John "Jellybean" Benitez
Whitney Houston
Love Will Save The Day
Whitney
Arista Records
hip-hop
Ichiban Records
Rick James
Guru's Jazzmatazz Vol.1
Red Hot Organization
Time Magazine
house music
Masters at Work
Kerri Chandler
Erykah Badu
Fusion FM
Grand Theft Auto IV
Tyler, The Creator
Cherry Bomb
Pharrell Williams
Virgo Vibes
Stoned Soul Picnic
Daddy Bug
Coffy
Change Up the Groove
Mystic Voyage
Everybody Loves the Sunshine
Vibrations
Lifeline
Let's Do It
You Send Me
Fever
No Stranger to Love
Love Fantasy
Africa, Center of the World
Feeling Good
You Might Be Surprised
Curtis Amy
Way Down
Tippin' on Through
Herbie Mann
Impressions of the Middle East
A Mann & a Woman
The Beat Goes On
The Wailing Dervishes
Windows Opened
Concerto Grosso in D Blues
Stone Flute
Live at the Whisky a Go Go
Muscle Shoals Nitty Gritty
David Newman
Lonely Avenue
Newmanism
Leroy Vinnegar
Leroy Walks Again!!
Gerald Wilson
On Stage
The Golden Sword
Jack Wilson
Something Personal
Erykah Badu
Mama's Gun
Documentary Film
Discography at Discogs
Discography at Rate Your Music

categories: American dance musicians,American jazz vibraphonists,African-American singer-songwriters,1940 births,Living people,Muse Records artists,Ichiban Records artists,American singer-songwriters,African-American songwriters,Atlantic Records artists,Verve Records artists,American rhythm and blues singers,Musicians from Los Angeles,Soul-jazz musicians,Acid jazz vibraphonists,American funk singers,Songwriters from California,Polydor Records artists

paragraph: Roy Ayers

paragraph: Roy Ayers (born September 10, 1940) is an American funk, soul, and jazz composer, vibraphone player, and music producer. Ayers began his career as a post-bop jazz artist, releasing several albums with Atlantic Records, before his tenure at Polydor Records beginning in the 1970s, during which he helped pioneer jazz-funk. He is a key figure in the acid jazz movement, and has been dubbed "The Godfather of Neo Soul". He is best known for his compositions "Everybody Loves The Sunshine", "Searchin" and "Running Away". and at one time was said to have more sampled hits by rappers than any other artist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Ayers was born in Los Angeles, and grew up in a musical family, where his father played trombone and his mother played piano. At the age of five, he was given his first pair of vibraphone mallets by Lionel Hampton. The area of Los Angeles that Ayers grew up in, South Park (later known as South Central) was the epicenter of the Southern California Black music scene. The schools he attended (Wadsworth Elementary, Nevins Middle School, and Thomas Jefferson High School) were all close to the famed Central Avenue, Los Angeles' equivalent of Harlem's Lenox Avenue and Chicago's State Street. Roy would likely have been exposed to music as it not only emanated from the many nightclubs and bars in the area, but also poured out of many of the homes where the musicians who kept the scene alive lived in and around Central. During high school, Ayers sang in the church choir and fronted a band named The Latin Lyrics, in which he played steel guitar and piano. His high school, Thomas Jefferson High School, produced some of the most talented new musicians, such as Dexter Gordon.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.

paragraph: Ayers started recording as a bebop sideman in 1962 and rose to prominence when he dropped out of City College and joined jazz flutist Herbie Mann in 1966.

paragraph: In the early-1970s, Roy Ayers started his own band called Roy Ayers Ubiquity, a name he chose because ubiquity means a state of being everywhere at the same time.

paragraph: Ayers was responsible for the highly regarded soundtrack to Jack Hill's 1973 blaxploitation film "Coffy", which starred Pam Grier. He later moved from a jazz-funk sound to R&B, as seen on "Mystic Voyage", which featured the songs "Evolution" and the underground disco hit "Brother Green (The Disco King)", as well as the title track from his 1976 album "Everybody Loves the Sunshine".

paragraph: In 1977, Ayers produced an album by the group RAMP, "Come into Knowledge". That fall, he had his biggest hit with "Running Away".

paragraph: In late 1979, Ayers scored his only top ten single on "Billboard's" Hot Disco/Dance chart with "Don't Stop The Feeling", which was also the leadoff single from his 1980 album "No Stranger to Love", whose title track was sampled in Jill Scott's 2001 song "Watching Me" from her debut album "Who Is Jill Scott?"

paragraph: In the late-1970s, Ayers toured in Nigeria for six weeks with Afrobeat pioneer Fela Kuti, one of the Africa's most recognizable musicians. In 1980, Phonodisk released "Music of Many Colors" in Nigeria, featuring one side led by Ayers' group and the other led by Africa '70.

paragraph: In 1981, Ayers produced an album with the singer Sylvia Striplin, "Give Me Your Love" (Uno Melodic Records, 1981). In the same year, 1981, he also produced a second album called "Africa, Center of the World" on Polydor records along with James Bedford and Ayers's bass player William Henry Allen. Allen can be heard talking to his daughter on the track "Intro/The River Niger". The album was recorded at the Sigma Sound Studios, New York.

paragraph: Ayers performed a solo on John "Jellybean" Benitez's production of Whitney Houston's "Love Will Save The Day" from her second multi-Platinum studio album "Whitney". The single was released in July 1988 by Arista Records.

paragraph: Ayers has played his live act for millions of people across the globe, including Japan, Australia, England and other parts of Europe.

paragraph: Ayers is known for helping to popularize feel good music in the 1970s, stating that "I like that happy feeling all of the time, so that ingredient is still there. I try to generate that because it's the natural way I am". The types of music that he used to do this consisted of funk, salsa, jazz, rock, soul and rap.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1990s to present.

paragraph: In 1992, Ayers released two albums, "Drive" and "Wake Up", for the hip-hop label Ichiban Records. and also collaborated with Rick James for an album and is quoted to have been a very close friend of his.

paragraph: In 1993, he appeared on the record Guru's Jazzmatazz Vol.1 featuring on the vibraphone in the song "Take a Look (At Yourself)" and the following year appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation album "". The album, meant to raise awareness and funds in support of the AIDS epidemic in relation to the African-American community, was heralded as "Album of the Year" by "Time Magazine".

paragraph: During the 2000s and 2010s, Ayers ventured into house music, collaborating with such stalwarts of the genre as Masters at Work and Kerri Chandler.

paragraph: Ayers started two record labels, Uno Melodic and Gold Mink Records. The first released several LPs, including Sylvia Striplin's, while the second folded after a few singles.

paragraph: In 2004, Ayers put out a collection of unreleased recordings called "Virgin Ubiquity: Unreleased recordings 1976–1981" which allowed fans to hear cuts that didn't make it onto the classic Polydor albums from his more popular years.

paragraph: He has also worked in collaborations with soul songstress Erykah Badu and other artists on his 2004 album "Mahogany Vibes".

paragraph: Roy Ayers hosts the fictitious radio station "Fusion FM" in "Grand Theft Auto IV" (2008).

paragraph: In 2015, he appeared on Tyler, The Creator's new album "Cherry Bomb" on the track "Find Your Wings".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Awards and influence.

paragraph: A documentary the "Roy Ayers Project" featuring Ayers and a number hip hop producers who have sampled his music and other people who have been influenced by him and his music has been in development for a number of years.

paragraph: Pharrell Williams cites Roy Ayers as one of his key musical heroes.

paragraph: Ayers is a recipient of the Congress of Racial Equality Lifetime Achievement Award.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "West Coast Vibes" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Virgo Vibes" (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stoned Soul Picnic" (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daddy Bug" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ubiquity" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "He's Coming" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live at the Montreaux Jazz Festival" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Red Black and Green" (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coffy" (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Virgo Red" (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Change Up the Groove" (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Tear to a Smile" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mystic Voyage" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Everybody Loves the Sunshine" (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vibrations" (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lifeline" (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Let's Do It" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Step into Our Life" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You Send Me" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fever" (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No Stranger to Love" (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love Fantasy" (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prime Time" (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music of Many Colors" (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Africa, Center of the World" (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Feeling Good" (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Silver Vibrations" (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drivin' On Up" (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Dark" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You Might Be Surprised" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I'm the One (For Your Love Tonight)" (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wake Up" (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nasté" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Perfection" (2000)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As sideman.

paragraph: With Curtis Amy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Way Down" (Pacific Jazz, 1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tippin' on Through" (Pacific Jazz, 1962)

paragraph: With Herbie Mann

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Impressions of the Middle East" (Atlantic, 1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Mann & a Woman" (Atlantic, 1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Beat Goes On" (Atlantic, 1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Wailing Dervishes" (Atlantic, 1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Windows Opened" (Atlantic, 1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Concerto Grosso in D Blues" (Atlantic, 1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stone Flute" (Embryo, 1969 [1970])

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live at the Whisky a Go Go" (Atlantic, 1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Muscle Shoals Nitty Gritty" (Atlantic, 1970)

paragraph: With David Newman

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lonely Avenue" (Atlantic, 1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Newmanism" (Atlantic, 1974)

paragraph: With Leroy Vinnegar

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Leroy Walks Again!!" (Contemporary, 1963)

paragraph: With Gerald Wilson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On Stage" (Pacific Jazz, 1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Golden Sword" (Pacific Jazz, 1966)

paragraph: With Jack Wilson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Something Personal" (Blue Note, 1966)

paragraph: With Erykah Badu

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mama's Gun" (Motown, 2000)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Documentary Film of Roy Ayers

paragraph: BULLET::::- [ Allmusic Guide to Roy Ayers]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Discography at Discogs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Discography at Rate Your Music

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Roy Ayers

wikipedia_title: Roy Ayers


text: Loyalist

text: Butler's Rangers

text: American Revolutionary War

text: Seneca

text: Cayuga

text: Saratoga campaign

text: Cherry Valley Massacre

text: Upper Canada

text: New London, Connecticut

text: Fort Hunter

text: Mohawk Valley

text: Fonda, New York

text: fur trade

text: Indian Department

text: British colonial government

text: French and Indian War

text: Sir William Johnson

text: James Abercromby

text: Fort Ticonderoga

text: John Bradstreet

text: Battle of Fort Frontenac

text: Battle of Fort Niagara

text: Jeffery Amherst

text: Montreal

text: Caughnawaga

text: Sir William Johnson

text: Tryon County

text: Guy Johnson

text: Tryon County militia

text: New York

text: American Revolution

text: Daniel Claus

text: Walter Butler

text: Hon Yost Schuyler

text: Joseph Brant

text: Fort Oswego

text: Ethan Allen

text: Fort Niagara

text: Six Nations

text: Fort Stanwix

text: Daniel Claus

text: ambush

text: Oneida

text: Battle of Oriskany

text: lieutenant colonel

text: regiment

text: companies

text: Battle of Wyoming

text: Zebulon Butler

text: Forty Fort

text: Tioga

text: Cherry Valley massacre

text: Illinois County, Virginia

text: Sullivan Expedition

text: Battle of Newtown

text: Upper Canada

text: Niagara

text: Upper Canada

text: British Canada

text: Ontario

text: Butler's Barracks

text: National Historic Site

text: Valiants Memorial

text: Joseph Brant

text: Joseph Altsheler

text: The Butler papers

categories: People of colonial New York,Loyalist military personnel of the American Revolutionary War,Colonial American Indian agents,American pioneers,American emigrants to Canada,Politicians from New London, Connecticut,1728 births,Canadian Anglicans,1796 deaths

paragraph: John Butler (pioneer)

paragraph: John Butler (1728–1796) was a Loyalist who led an irregular militia unit known as Butler's Rangers on the northern frontier in New York during the American Revolutionary War. Born in Connecticut, he moved to New York with his family, where he learned several Iroquoian languages and worked as an interpreter in the fur trade. He was well-equipped to work with Mohawk and other Iroquois Confederacy warriors who became allies of the British during the rebellion.

paragraph: During the War, Butler led Seneca and Cayuga forces in the Saratoga campaign in New York. He later raised and commanded a regiment of rangers, which included affiliated Mohawk and other Iroquois nations' warriors. They conducted raids in central New York west of Albany, including what became known among the rebels as the Cherry Valley Massacre.

paragraph: After the war Butler resettled in Upper Canada, where he was given a grant of land by the Crown for his services. Butler continued his leadership in the developing province, helping to found the Anglican Church and Masonic Order, and serving in public office.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: John Butler was born to Walter Butler and Deborah Dennison, née Ely, in New London, Connecticut in 1728. In 1742, his father moved the family to Fort Hunter on the frontier in the Mohawk Valley near the modern village of Fonda, New York. In 1752, John Butler married Catharine (Catalyntje) Bradt, of Dutch ancestry. The couple raised five children (two others died in infancy). Having learned several Iroquois and other Indian languages, Butler was employed as an interpreter, especially in the lucrative fur trade.

paragraph: Section::::French and Indian War.

paragraph: In 1755, John Butler was appointed to the rank of Captain in the Indian Department of the British colonial government. He served in the French and Indian War under Sir William Johnson. In 1758, he saw action with James Abercromby at Fort Ticonderoga and John Bradstreet at the Battle of Fort Frontenac. In 1759, he was made second in command of the Indians with Johnson at the Battle of Fort Niagara. In 1760, he continued as a second in command of the Indians in Jeffery Amherst's force at Montreal.

paragraph: Section::::Pre-American Revolution years.

paragraph: After the war Butler returned to the Mohawk Valley in New York. He acquired more land, building an estate of 26,000 acres (105 km²) at Butlersbury near the major Mohawk village of Caughnawaga. He was second only to Sir William Johnson, British Superintendent of Indian Affairs, as a wealthy frontier land owner, and worked under Johnson for the British.

paragraph: Butler was also appointed a judge in the Tryon County court and was commissioned Lt.-Colonel of Guy Johnson's regiment of Tryon County militia. Butler was elected as one of the two members representing Tryon County in the New York assembly.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolutionary War.

paragraph: John Butler returned to service, as a Loyalist, when the American Revolution turned to war in 1775. In May 1775, he left for Canada in the company of Daniel Claus, Walter Butler, Hon Yost Schuyler and Joseph Brant, a Mohawk leader. On July 7, they reached Fort Oswego and in August, Montreal. Butler participated in the defense of Montreal against an attack led by Ethan Allen. In November, Carleton sent him to Fort Niagara with instructions to keep the Indians neutral.

paragraph: His oldest son, Walter Butler served with him, but his wife and other children were detained by the American rebels.

paragraph: In March 1777, John Butler sent a party of about 100 allied Indians to Montreal to force the Americans out of Quebec. In May, Butler received instructions to use a warrior party of the Six Nations in an attack on New York. On June 5 he received instructions to send as many Indians as he could to Fort Oswego for an attack on Fort Stanwix as a part of the Saratoga campaign. He was put second in command of the Indians, primarily warriors of bands of four nations of the Iroquois, under Daniel Claus.

paragraph: John Butler led the Indians and a small number of Loyalists, in a successful ambush, of rebel militia and Oneida warriors in the Battle of Oriskany. As a result, after this expedition he was commissioned a lieutenant colonel and given authority to raise his own regiment, which became known as Butler's Rangers, initially with a strength of eight companies. He traveled back to Fort Niagara, and completed recruiting the first company in December.

paragraph: In July 1778, John Butler led his rangers and Iroquois allies at the Battle of Wyoming, in which he defeated Zebulon Butler and took Forty Fort. The Patriots suffered heavy losses, and after the battle Butler's Rangers burned many of the colonists' homes in the area. Later, the battle was referred to as the Wyoming Valley massacre because some of the victorious Loyalists and Iroquois were said to have executed and scalped prisoners and fleeing enemy soldiers.

paragraph: Later that year, after the burning of Tioga, his son Captain Walter Butler led two companies of rangers and 300 Iroquois warriors in a raid which was later referred to as the Cherry Valley massacre. The name of Butler was thereafter anathema to the rebels.

paragraph: John Butler's unit of rangers was spread, through frontier outposts, from Niagara to Illinois County, Virginia. Butler commanded his rangers from his headquarters of Fort Niagara. In 1779, he was defeated, by the Sullivan Expedition, at the Battle of Newtown, and withdrew to Fort Niagara.

paragraph: Section::::Post-war years and death.

paragraph: At the end of the Revolution, John Butler was given a land grant in the Niagara region by the Crown for his services during the war and as compensation for his property in New York having been confiscated. He developed it for agriculture. He became one of the political leaders of Upper Canada, later called Ontario. He was appointed as a Deputy Superintendent for the Indian Department, a Justice of the Peace, and the local militia commander. He was also prominent in establishing the Anglican Church and Masonic Order in Ontario.

paragraph: Butler died, at his home, at age 68 in Niagara, Upper Canada, British Canada, now Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, on May 12, 1796. His wife had died three years before. Butler was survived by their three sons and daughter. John Butler is interred in the family burial ground in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Col. John Butler School in Niagara-On-The-Lake was named after him, as are numerous other public and private establishments, including a Best Western Hotel, a sports bar, a street leading to the family burial ground on land that was his former property, and the Butler's Barracks established after the War of 1812. The latter has been designated as a National Historic Site.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2006, a life-sized bronze bust of Butler was installed at the Valiants Memorial in Ottawa. Alongside Mohawk leader Joseph Brant, he is considered a key player in the founding of British North America and late eighteenth-century Canada.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2010, a bust was installed on top of a memorial cairn at the site of his homestead on Balmoral Drive in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cruikshank, Ernest, "The Story of Butler's Rangers and the Settlement of Niagara", 1893

paragraph: BULLET::::- American novelist Joseph Altsheler referred to John Butler as "Indian Butler" in his 1911 novel about the Wyoming Massacre, "The Scouts of the Valley, a Story of Wyoming and the Chemung." He referred to Butler as a turncoat and villain, who sided with the Iroquois against the white settlers. It is available online at the Gutenberg Project."The Scouts of the Valley, a story of Wyoming and the Chemung".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Butler papers Brock University Library Digital Repository

description: Loyalist who led an irregular militia unit known as Butler's Rangers on the northern frontier in the American Revolutionary War

wikidata_label: John Butler

wikipedia_title: John Butler (pioneer)


text: John II of Aragon

text: Blanche I of Navarre

text: Charles III, King of Navarre

text: Agnes of Cleves

text: Adolph I, Duke of Cleves

text: Philip III "the Good", Duke of Burgundy

text: Isabella of Scotland

text: Francis I, Duke of Brittany

text: Charles VII of France

text: Infanta Catherine of Portugal

text: King

text: Edward I

text: Philip, Archbishop of Palermo

text: John, Bishop of Huesca

text: Juana Enriquez

text: Castilian

text: cadet line

text: Ferdinand II of Aragon

text: a civil war

text: John II of Castile

text: Naples

text: Alfonso V of Aragon

text: Isabella of Castile

text: Catalonia

text: Barcelona

text: Joanna Enriquez

text: Zaragoza

text: "El príncipe don Carlos de Viana"

text: José Moreno Carbonero

categories: Counts of Cervera,Princes of Girona,Princes of Viana,1461 deaths,Dukes of Montblanc,1421 births,Heirs apparent who never acceded,Dukes of Gandía,Aragonese infantes,Navarrese infantes,House of Trastámara,Navarrese monarchs

paragraph: Charles, Prince of Viana

paragraph: Charles, Prince of Viana () (29 May 1421 – 23 September 1461), sometimes called Charles IV of Navarre, was the son of King John II of Aragon and Queen Blanche I of Navarre.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: His mother was the daughter and heiress of Charles III, King of Navarre. Both his grandfather Charles and his mother, who ruled over Navarre from 1425 to 1441, had bequeathed this kingdom to Charles, whose right had also been recognized by the Cortes; but when Blanche died in 1441 her husband John seized the kingdom to the exclusion of his son.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: The Prince of Viana was married in Olite (Navarre) on 30 September 1439, taking as his wife Agnes of Cleves (1422–1446), the daughter of Adolph I, Duke of Cleves and Mary of Burgundy; sister of Philip III "the Good", Duke of Burgundy. Agnes died, childless, on 6 April 1448, eight years after her marriage to Charles, aged only about twenty-six. After her death, the prince took a mistress, Brianda de Vaca, and by her had an illegitimate son, born about 1449. He wished to remarry, and a possibility which was canvassed was a match with Isabella of Scotland (1426–1494), the widow of Francis I, Duke of Brittany, after he died on 18 July 1450, but this was opposed by Charles VII of France. A match was then agreed between Charles and the Infanta Catherine of Portugal (1436–1463), daughter of King Edward I, but the marriage was delayed and had not taken place when Charles died in 1461. Charles left three illegitimate children by three different mistresses:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Anna, Countess of Medinaceli

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Philip, Archbishop of Palermo

paragraph: BULLET::::3. John, Bishop of Huesca

paragraph: Section::::Clashes with his father.

paragraph: The ill feeling between father and son was increased when in 1447 John took for his second wife Juana Enriquez, a Castilian noblewoman (of a bastard cadet line from Castilian kings), who soon bore him a son, afterwards Ferdinand II of Aragon, and who regarded her stepson as an interloper. When Joanna began to interfere in the internal affairs of Navarre, a civil war broke out, and in 1452 Charles, although aided by King John II of Castile, was defeated and taken prisoner. Released upon promising not to take the kingly title until after his father's death, the prince, again unsuccessful in an appeal to arms, took refuge in Naples with King Alfonso V of Aragon. In 1458 Alfonso died and John became king of Aragon, while Charles was offered the crowns of Naples and Sicily. He declined these proposals, and having been reconciled with his father returned to Navarre in 1459. Aspiring to marry Isabella of Castile, he was then thrown into prison by his father, and the Catalans rose in his favor. This insurrection soon became general and John was obliged to yield. He released his son, and recognized him as perpetual governor of Catalonia, and heir to the kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Soon afterwards, however, on 23 September 1461, the prince died at Barcelona, not without a suspicion that he had been poisoned by his stepmother, Joanna Enriquez.

paragraph: Charles was a cultured and amiable prince, fond of music and literature. He translated Aristotle's "Ethics" into Aragonese, a work first published at Zaragoza in 1509, and wrote a chronicle of the kings of Navarre, "Cronica de los reyes de Navarra."

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El príncipe don Carlos de Viana" by José Moreno Carbonero at ArteHistoria

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Prince Carlos of Viana in Medieval History of Navarre

description: King of Navarre

wikidata_label: Charles, Prince of Viana

wikipedia_title: Charles, Prince of Viana