text: Paraguay

text: martyr

text: forced disappearance

text: Argentina

text: National Reorganization Process

text: Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo

text: February Revolutionary Party

text: Women's Movement of Paraguay

text: Higinio Morínigo

text: Pope Francis

text: Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo

text: Plaza de Mayo

text: Jorge Mario Bergoglio

text: Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo

text: La Nación

text: Alfredo Astiz

text: María Ponce de Bianco

text: Church of Santa Cruz

text: Santa Teresita

text: Mar del Tuyú

text: General Lavalle

text: Trial of the Juntas

text: San Bernardo

text: La Lucila del Mar

text: Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team

text: Azucena Villaflor

text: María Ponce de Bianco

text: Angela Auad

text: Léonie Duquet

text: Ley de Punto Final

text: Ley de Obediencia Debida

text: Alice Domon

text: Buenos Aires Province

text: Raúl Castro

text: United States Secretary of State

categories: 1977 deaths,Uruguayan emigrants to Argentina,1918 births,Assassinated activists,Argentine_feminists,Argentine human rights activists,People killed in the Dirty War

paragraph: Esther Ballestrino

paragraph: Esther Ballestrino (20 January 1918 – disappeared 17 or 18 December 1977) was a Paraguayan martyr. Her forced disappearance (abduction and murder) occurred in Argentina during the military dictatorship of the "National Reorganization Process" (1976–1983). She had helped found Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, which organised protests by the mothers of missing children taken by the authorities.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Ballestrino was born in Paraguay, where she obtained a doctorate in biochemistry. She became politically active as a member of the socialist February Revolutionary Party; she later founded and led the Women's Movement of Paraguay. Politics was dangerous under the military rule of Higinio Morínigo, and she had to leave the country in 1947. In Argentina she married and had three daughters. She worked in the foods section at Hickethier-Bachmann Laboratory in Buenos Aires, where one of her subordinates was Jorge Mario Bergoglio, who would later become Pope Francis. He remembers working for her and her attention to detail. He later commented that Marxists could be good people and he saw Ballestrino as a major influence on him. Ballestrino is said to be the first woman to be the boss of a future pope.

paragraph: In 1976 two of her sons, Manuel Carlos Cuevas and Ives Domergue, were kidnapped and they disappeared. Ballestrino was credited with helping found the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo which came out of other mothers of missing children who met at the Plaza de Mayo. The next year, her pregnant daughter Ana Maria Careaga was also abducted in December 1977 by the authorities and tortured. Ballestrino contacted her associate, Jorge Mario Bergoglio, and asked that he come to give the last rites to a relative. The Catholic Bergoglio was surprised, as he knew that Ballestrino was a Marxist. When he arrived, he learned that Ballestrino's real intention was to have him smuggle out the family's collection of communist books. Ballestrino was worried that these books would lead to her arrest in the case of a house search. Bergoglio did as he was requested and smuggled out the books.

paragraph: In December 1977, Ballestrino, Sisters Alice and Léonie, along with other Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, prepared a request for the names of those who disappeared and for the government to divulge their whereabouts. The reply was publicized in the newspaper "La Nación" on December 10, 1977. Navy captain Alfredo Astiz had infiltrated the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, and the authorities moved against the ringleaders. Ballestrino and María Ponce de Bianco were seized by the security forces in the Church of Santa Cruz in downtown Buenos Aires.

paragraph: The women were taken to a detention centre by the Argentine security services, where they were tortured and then dropped into the sea from an aircraft whilst presumably still living.

paragraph: Section::::Search for remains.

paragraph: On December 20, 1977, corpses were discovered near the bathing areas of Santa Teresita and Mar del Tuyú. Forensic investigations determined the cause of death to be "a crash against hard objects from great heights". This was concluded from the type of bone fractures that were sustained before death. Without further investigation, the bodies were placed in unmarked graves in the cemetery of the city of General Lavalle. They were to remain there for some time.

paragraph: The National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons and the Trial of the Juntas led in 1984 to the exhumation of bodies in the General Lavalle cemetery. The investigations revealed bones that had belonged to the bodies found on the San Bernardo and La Lucila del Mar beaches. This evidence was used in the trial against the Juntas by Judge Horacio Cattani. It was not until 2003 that further information led to more exhumations by the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team, which identified the eight bodies, including five women who had disappeared in 1977: Ballestrino, Azucena Villaflor, María Ponce de Bianco, Angela Auad, and Sister Léonie Duquet.

paragraph: The enactment of Argentine laws known as Ley de Punto Final and Ley de Obediencia Debida put an end to further investigation, as there was now an assumption that those involved were following orders. Cattani had evidence that was described as "40 square meters" in 1995.

paragraph: All the bodies were reburied in the garden of the Santa Cruz church. The remains of Sister Alice Domon were not found and remain missing.

paragraph: Section::::Knowledge by the United States government.

paragraph: Documents from the United States government, declassified in 2002, show that the American government knew in 1978 that the bodies of the French nuns Alice Domon and Léonie Duquet, and the Madres de Plaza de Mayo Azucena Villaflor, Esther Ballestrino, and María Ponce, had been found on the beaches of Buenos Aires Province. This secret was revealed in Document #1978-BUENOS-02346, prepared by the former U.S. Ambassador to Argentina, Raúl Castro, for the United States Secretary of State. It was dated March 30, 1978, and carried the subject line, "Report of nuns death". The document reads:

paragraph: 1. A.F.P. March 28 story filed from Paris reports that the bodies of the two French nuns (Alicia Doman and Renee Duguet) (sic) who were abducted in mid December with eleven other human rights activists were identified among corpses near Bahía Blanca.br

paragraph: 2. Buenos Aires was filled with such rumors over a month ago based on accounts of the discovery of a number of cadavers beached by unusually strong winds along Atlantic Sea, points closer to the mouth of La Plata River some 300-350 miles to the north of Bahía Blanca.br

paragraph: 3. (Name redacted), which has been trying to track down these rumors, has confidential information that the nuns were abducted by Argentine security agents and at some point were transferred to a prison located in the town of Juníi, which is 150 miles west of Buenos Aires.br

paragraph: 4. Embassy also has confidential information through an Argentine government source (protected) that seven bodies were discovered some weeks ago on the beach near Mar del Plata. According to this source, the bodies were those of the two nuns and five mothers who disappeared between December 8 and December 10, 1977. Our source confirmed that these individuals were originally sequestered by members of the security forces acting under a broad mandate against terrorists and subversives. Source further states that few individuals in GOA were aware of this information.br

paragraph: 5. The source has reported reliably in the past and we have reason to believe he is reliable concerning disappearance questions.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In 2014 Pope Francis met with Ballestrino's husband, who lives in exile in Sweden.

description: Activist killed

wikidata_label: Esther Ballestrino

wikipedia_title: Esther Ballestrino


text:
Italian
naturalist
economist
agronomist
chemist
Florence
Felice Fontana
natural history
museum
Tuscany
Accademia dei Georgofili
economic liberalism
agrarian reform
Leopold II
Napoleonic era
metric system
electrochemistry
Volta's pile
Pisa
Fabbroni
Moon
Museo Galileo
Felice Fontana
Archive of Museo Galileo
Museo Galileo

categories: People from Florence,1752 births,Italian scientists,1822 deaths

paragraph: Giovanni Fabbroni

paragraph: Giovanni Valentino Mattia Fabbroni (13 February 1752 – 17 December 1822) was an Italian naturalist, economist, agronomist and chemist.

paragraph: He was born in Florence, Italy, the son of Horace and Rosalinda Werner. His mother originated in Heidelberg.

paragraph: In 1775 he collaborated with Felice Fontana in setting up the natural history museum in Florence ("Museo di Fisica e Storia Naturale di Firenze"). From 1777 to 1778 he wrote "Reflexions sur l'état actuel de l'agricolture", a work which had a considerable impact on farming in Tuscany. He became a member of the Accademia dei Georgofili in 1783.

paragraph: Fabbroni took on an increasing role in Florentine society as a proponent of economic liberalism and agrarian reform, and was a supporter of Leopold II. He continued to write scholarly works such as "Dell'Antracite o carbone di cava detto volgarmente carbone fossile" (1790).

paragraph: During the Napoleonic era, Fabbroni was influential in the development of the metric system and in its introduction to Italy. He also carried out research into electrochemistry, particularly into Volta's pile. He died in Pisa, aged 70.

paragraph: The crater Fabbroni on the Moon is named after him.

paragraph: The library of the Museo Galileo detains most of the archival documents concerning Giovanni Fabbroni: the “Fondo Fabbroni”, and the “Carte Fabbroni”. This last consists of the many letters and notes concerning the Royal Museum of Physics and Natural History of Florence, which offer access to the various activities of study and research promoted by the institute, as well as its management. From many of these documents, which Fabbroni always kept in his private archive, one can clearly follow the conflict opposing him to Felice Fontana. Moreover, the archival fund offers a glimpse to the political and cultural life of Tuscany at a time of profound political and institutional changes, and a precious insight to the scientific context of the 18th and 19th century.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archive of Museo Galileo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museo Galileo

description: Italian scientist

wikidata_label: Giovanni Fabbroni

wikipedia_title: Giovanni Fabbroni


text:
German
Anklam
Pomerania
Viadrina University
Frankfurt an der Oder
University of Breslau
Breslau
University of Berlin
Charité
German Wikipedia
ADB:Berends, Karl August Wilhelm
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
Zeno.org

categories: 18th-century German physicians,People from Anklam,University of Breslau faculty,Viadrina European University faculty,1759 births,Charité,1826 deaths,People from the Province of Pomerania,Humboldt University of Berlin faculty

paragraph: Carl August Wilhelm Berends

paragraph: Carl August Wilhelm Berends (April 19, 1759 – December 1, 1826) was a German physician born in Anklam, Pomerania.

paragraph: He studied medicine at Viadrina University in Frankfurt an der Oder, where in 1788 he became a professor of medicine. In 1811 he moved to the University of Breslau, being due to closure of Viadrina University in Frankfurt, and resulting in the relocation of much of its faculty to Breslau. In 1815 he was appointed professor of medicine at the University of Berlin and hospital director at the Berlin Charité.

paragraph: In 1789 Berends published "Über den Unterricht junger Ärzte am Krankenbett" (Education of Young Physicians at the Bedside), in which he described his experiences at the Thielschen Krankenhaus in Frankfurt. Shortly after his death in 1826, his one-time student, Karl Sundelin, published Berends' lectures on practical medical science (""Vorlesungen über die praktische Arzneiwissenschaft"").

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Parts of this article are based on a translation of an article from the German Wikipedia", source listed as: ADB:Berends, Karl August Wilhelm In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie; Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875 S. 356.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zeno.org translated biography @ Pierers Universal-Lexikon

description: German physician

wikidata_label: Carl August Wilhelm Berends

wikipedia_title: Carl August Wilhelm Berends


text:
Brooklyn
vaudeville
stock
Thanhouser Company
A Dog's Love
"Percy's First Holiday"
Arrow Film Corporation
New Rochelle, New York
women's suffrage
Mutual Film
women's clubs
The Love Expert
"Lummox"
As Thousands Cheer
Norwalk, Connecticut

categories: Actresses from New York City,1959 deaths,1886 births,Vaudeville performers,People from Brooklyn,American silent film actresses

paragraph: Fannie Bourke

paragraph: Fannie Bourke, also known as Fan Bourke or Fannie Burke, (July 12, 1886 – March 9, 1959) was an American stage and film actress, suffragist, and motion picture exhibitor. She worked on Broadway and appeared in silent films from the 1910s until the early 30s.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Fannie Bourke was born on July 12, 1886, in Brooklyn, New York. She began her career as a vaudeville performer, pianist, and dancer, and was known for singing "dialect songs" and impersonating "every possible nationality." She appeared on Broadway in the play "Mere Man" in 1912.

paragraph: Bourke became a stock player for Thanhouser Company in late 1913. She appeared frequently in Thanhouser productions between 1914 and 1915, including "A Dog's Love" and "Percy's First Holiday". After leaving Thanhouser, Bourke worked as an actress for Arrow Film Corporation.

paragraph: In late 1915, Bourke took over a failing 500-seat movie theatre, The Princess, in New Rochelle, New York (where Thanhouser had its studio); she transformed it into a "votes for women" movie theatre, with a lobby decorated in women's suffrage banners. In addition to showing Mutual Film pictures, including Thanhouser films in which she appeared, Bourke performed every Wednesday. She hired another former Thanhouser actress, Julia Miller, to play the piano at the theatre. She also hosted events for the local women's clubs.

paragraph: In 1916, Bourke married Charles Mather.

paragraph: Bourke later appeared in "The Love Expert" (1920) and "Lummox" (1930), her only known sound film role. She continued appearing on Broadway through the 1920s and early 1930s.

paragraph: Bourke's last stage appearance was in the musical revue "As Thousands Cheer". She died on March 9, 1959, in Norwalk, Connecticut.

description: American stage and film actress

wikidata_label: Fannie Bourke

wikipedia_title: Fannie Bourke


text: Manhattan, New York City

text: Percy Rivington Pyne I

text: née

text: Moses Taylor

text: First National City Bank of New York

text: Moses Taylor Pyne

text: Princeton University

text: B.A.

text: M.A.

text: National City Bank

text: New York Zoological Society

text: Park Avenue

text: Americas Society

text: Bernardsville, New Jersey

text: Upton Pyne

text: Devon, England

text: Ogden Haggerty Hammond

text: Millicent Fenwick

text: C. Ledyard Blair

text: Oliver Filley

text: Dwight F. Davis

text: Percy Rivington Pyne Jr.

text: 103d Aero Squadron

text: World War I

text: Bernardsville, New Jersey

categories: 1857 births,People from Bernardsville, New Jersey,Princeton University alumni,Citigroup people,Businesspeople from New York City,1929 deaths,Wildlife Conservation Society people

paragraph: Percy Rivington Pyne II

paragraph: Percy Rivington Pyne II (May 5, 1857 – August 22, 1929) was a banker, financier, and philanthropist.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Pyne was born on May 5, 1857 in Manhattan, New York City, the son of Percy Rivington Pyne I (1820-1895) and Albertina Shelton (née Taylor) Pyne (1833–1900). His maternal grandfather was Moses Taylor, founder of the First National City Bank of New York and a stockholder in the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. His older brother, Moses Taylor Pyne, inherited much of the family fortune and was a major benefactor of Princeton University.

paragraph: Pyne received a B.A. degree from Princeton in 1878 and an M.A. degree in 1881.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He began his business career under the tutelage of his maternal grandfather, Moses Taylor, serving as a partner in the firm of Moses Taylor & Co. He would follow in his grandfather's footsteps, becoming director of the National City Bank as well as manager of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad.

paragraph: From 1903 to 1922, Pyne also served as treasurer of the New York Zoological Society.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Residences.

paragraph: In New York City, Pyne and his family lived at 680 Park Avenue at the corner of East 68th Street, now home to the Americas Society. In 1899, he built the mansion Upton Pyne in Bernardsville, New Jersey as a summer home. It was named after Upton Pyne in Devon, England, his family's ancestral manor. It was the largest mansion in the area until it was torn down by his daughter 1982.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: On June 20, 1889, he married Maud Howland (1866–1952), daughter of New York merchant Gardiner Greene Howland. Maud's brother Dulany Howland married Marguerite McClure, who later remarried Ogden Haggerty Hammond, the father of Millicent Fenwick. Together, Percy and Maud Pyne had five children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grafton Howland Pyne (1890–1935), who married Leta Constance Wright (1892–1957), a daughter of Eben Wright.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herbert Rivington Pyne (1892–1952), who married Florence Ledyard Blair (1893–1982), daughter of banker C. Ledyard Blair.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Percy Pyne (b. November 27, 1893), who married Oliver Dwight Filley (1883–1961), a grandson of Oliver Filley and cousin of Dwight F. Davis.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Percy Rivington Pyne Jr. (1896–1941), a flier with the 103d Aero Squadron during World War I.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meredith Howland Pyne (b. October 5, 1898), who did not marry.

paragraph: Pyne died at his Bernardsville, New Jersey home on August 22, 1929 at the age of 72.

description: American banker (born 1857)

wikidata_label: Percy Rivington Pyne II

wikipedia_title: Percy Rivington Pyne II


text:
Niels Henrik Abel
Mo, Telemark
Niels Henrik Abel
Hans Prydz
Lutheran
cand.theol.
chaplain
vicar
Gierestad
Wegaardsheien
Peder Hansen
bishop of Agder
Bygland
Findøe
Sigdal
Holle
Aas
Luther's Small Catechism
Norwegian Parliament
Nedenæs Amt

categories: Members of the Storting,Aust-Agder politicians,1820 deaths,Norwegian priest-politicians,1772 births,People from Tokke

paragraph: Søren Georg Abel

paragraph: Søren Georg Abel (3 January 1772 – 5 May 1820) was a Norwegian priest and politician, also known as the father of mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Søren Georg Abel was born on 3 January 1772 in Mo, Telemark as the son of Hans Mathias Abel (1738–1803) and Elisabeth Knuth Normann (1737–1817).

paragraph: In 25 March 1800, he married Anne Marie Simonsen. Their second oldest son was Niels Henrik Abel (1802-1829), the world-famous mathematician. Søren Georg Abel was also a great-grandfather of the politician Hans Prydz (1868–1957).

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Søren Georg Abel enrolled as a student of Lutheran theology in 1788 and graduated as cand.theol. in 1792. In 1794 he was hired as chaplain under his father, who was vicar in "Gierestad og Wegaardsheien" parish. As Abel maintained ties with Peder Hansen, bishop of Agder, Hansen suggested that Abel be appointed vicar in Bygland in 1798. This never materialized, but Abel was appointed vicar in Findøe the next year. Regarding this position as a stepping stone, in 1801 Abel unsuccessfully applied for the vicarships in Sigdal, Holle and Aas. He remained in Findøe, and Niels Henrik Abel was born there in 1802.

paragraph: In 1803 his father, the vicar, died. Abel applied for the vacant vicarship in Gierestad. Following a testimonial from Bishop Hansen and County Governor Koren, he was appointed. He later applied for ten other vicarships, but was not appointed and remained in Gierestad. In 1806 he published "Religions-spørgsmaal med Svar, indrettede efter de unges Fatte-evne", a well-known explanation of Luther's Small Catechism.

paragraph: In 1814 he was elected to the first session of the Norwegian Parliament, representing the rural constituency Nedenæs Amt (today named Aust-Agder). He was not re-elected in 1815, but returned in 1818 to serve a final term.

paragraph: He died on 5 May 1820.

description: Norwegian priest and politician

wikidata_label: Søren Georg Abel

wikipedia_title: Søren Georg Abel


text: Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople

text: Patmos

text: deacon

text: Halki

text: Caesarea in Cappadocia

text: Metropolitan

text: Cyprianus

text: Russian Tsardom

text: Cyril IV

text: Grigore II Ghica

text: Mount Sinai

text: hemiplegia

text: Great Lavra Monastery

text: Mount Athos

text: Peter I of Russia

text: Baptism

text: Protestant

text: Catholic

text: Chrismation

text: Sultan

text: Fener

text: Princes' Islands

text: Patriarchate of Moscow

text: Most Holy Synod

text: Melkite

text: Damascus

text: Cyril VI Tanas

text: Patriarch of Antioch

text: Constantinople

text: Melkite Greek Catholic Church

text: Eastern Orthodox Church of Antioch

categories: People from Patmos,1735 deaths,Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople,1650s births

paragraph: Jeremias III of Constantinople

paragraph: Jeremias III (, (c. 1650/1660 – 1735) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople two times, in 1716–1726 and 1732–1733.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Jeremias was born between 1650 and 1660 in the island of Patmos, where he was ordained deacon. He served as a priest in Halki and then in the Diocese of Caesarea in Cappadocia. When his Metropolitan Cyprianus became Patriarch of Constantinople in 1707, he succeeded him as Metropolitan of Cesarea.

paragraph: Jeremiah was elected Patriarch for the first time on 23 March 1716. His first patriarchate was long compared to the usual length of his office in that centuries, and Jeremias succeeded to cope with two attempts of deposition, probably sprung from his support to the Russian Tsardom: on 1 January 1718 the Metropolitan of Pruoza, Cyril, was elected Patriarch in his place, but Jeremias returned on the throne next 17 January, and in 1720 he was arrested and his rival, the previous Patriarch Cyril IV, reigned from 10 to 22 January, when Jeremias was re-installed. Jeremiah was finally deposed on 19 November 1726 after his clashes with the ruler of Moldova Grigore II Ghica concerning his refusal to grant divorce to Ghica's brother, and he was exiled to Mount Sinai.

paragraph: In 1732 Jeremiah returned from exile and on 15 September 1732 he was appointed Patriarch for the second time, but after only a few months, in March 1733, he had to leave the throne because he suffered of hemiplegia, and he retired in Great Lavra Monastery on Mount Athos, where he died in 1735.

paragraph: Section::::Patriarchate.

paragraph: Asked by the Tsar Peter I of Russia about the validity of the Baptisms celebrated by Protestants, on 31 August 1718 Jeremias confirmed that, as his predecessor Cyprianus stated about the Catholic baptism, it is not necessary to re-baptize the Protestants who joined the Orthodox Church, the Chrismation being enough.

paragraph: In 1720 he got permission from the Sultan to rebuild a new, larger and brighter Orthodox Patriarchal Cathedral of St. George, destroyed by fire some years before, at the headquarters of the Patriarchate at the Fener. He also reorganized the Monastery of the Transfiguration on the Princes' Islands, which was enriched with a collection of valuable pictures that had been donated by Peter I of Russia.

paragraph: In December 1723 Jeremias approved the suppression, made in 1721 by Peter I of Russia, of Patriarchate of Moscow and its replacement with the Most Holy Synod.

paragraph: After that the Melkites of Damascus elected the pro-Westerner Cyril VI Tanas as the new Patriarch of Antioch, Jeremias declared Cyril's election to be invalid, excommunicated him, and appointed the young monk Sylvester as new Patriarch. Jeremias consecrated Sylvester as bishop in Constantinople on October 8, 1724. These events split the Melkite Church between the Melkite Greek Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church of Antioch.

paragraph: Jeremias imposed austerity at the expense of the Patriarchate, thus managing to reduce debt and improve its financial situation.

description: Patriarch of Constantinople

wikidata_label: Patriarch Jeremias III of Constantinople

wikipedia_title: Jeremias III of Constantinople


text:
Quebec
Commissioner of Crown Lands
De La Salle College (Toronto)
Broadway debut
Maude Fealy
Internet Broadway Database
Thanhouser Company
Variety
Famous Players Film Company
Lewis J. Selznick
Equitable Pictures
Los Angeles, California
James Durkin

categories: Male actors from Quebec,Canadian male film actors,Canadian theatre directors,1876 births,1934 deaths,Canadian film directors,Canadian emigrants to the United States,Canadian male stage actors

paragraph: James Durkin (actor)

paragraph: James Durkin (May 21, 1876 – March 12, 1934) was a Canadian-American actor of the stage and screen and director.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Quebec on May 21, 1876. Durkin's father was a Commissioner of Crown Lands for the province of Quebec. He was a graduate of De La Salle College (Toronto)

paragraph: In 1906, he made his Broadway debut in the play "Julie Bonbon". The following year, he played the male lead in the play "Margaret Fleming" at Chicago's New Theatre.

paragraph: While working on Broadway, he met actress Maude Fealy and became her second husband on November 28, 1909. They divorced in 1917. According to the Internet Broadway Database, he acted in six Broadway productions from 1906 to 1923 and directed "Chivalry" (1925-1926).

paragraph: After several years on the stage, Durkin moved into film. He worked for the Thanhouser Company from late spring 1913 to 1914, acting and directing his wife. When Fealy and Durkin left Thanhouser, the trade journal "Variety" speculated that the couple planned to start a film company of their own. In June 1915, he signed on with the Famous Players Film Company as a director. In December of the same year, Durkin left Famous, signing a two-year contract with Lewis J. Selznick's Equitable Pictures.

paragraph: He continued working in film into the 1930s. He died on March 12, 1934 in Los Angeles, California.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Durkin(Kinotv)

description: American stage and film actor and director

wikidata_label: James Durkin

wikipedia_title: James Durkin (actor)


text:
American football
running back
Cincinnati Bengals
National Football League
Texas A&M
SEC
All-America
school records
UCLA
Auburn
Arkansas
Tennessee
UCLA
Northwestern State
Doak Walker Award
SEC
Associated Press
All-America
Athlon Sports
Sporting News
2018 Gator Bowl
Gator Bowl
Cyrus Gray
Darren Lewis
Syracuse
Floyd Little
2019 NFL Draft
Cincinnati Bengals
2019 NFL Draft
Texas A&M Aggies bio

categories: Sportspeople from Houston,Texas A&M Aggies football players,Players of American football from Texas,1997 births,American football running backs,Living people

paragraph: Trayveon Williams

paragraph: Trayveon Thomas Williams (born October 18, 1997) is an American football running back for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). During his junior season at Texas A&M, Williams received first team all-SEC and second-team All-America honors; he also broke the school records for single-season all-purpose yards and rushing yards.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Freshman season.

paragraph: In his collegiate debut in the season opener against UCLA, Williams had 94 rushing yards. After gaining 127 yards against Auburn, including an 89-yard rushing touchdown, Williams was named the SEC Freshman of the Week. In the next game, against Arkansas, he had 153 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns. On October 8, against Tennessee, he had a season-high 217 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown in the 45-38 2OT victory. Williams became the first true freshman in school history to rush for 1,000 yards in a season.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Sophomore season.

paragraph: Williams rushed for 203 yards against UCLA in the season-opening loss. Overall, he compiled 798 total rushing yards as a sophomore.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Junior season.

paragraph: Prior to the season, Williams was selected to the second team All-SEC preseason team. He rushed for 240 yards in season opener against Northwestern State, second highest single-game in school history. He was named one of ten semifinalists for the Doak Walker Award. Following the regular season, Williams received first-team all-SEC honors from the league's coaches and the Associated Press, and second-team All-America honors from the Associated Press, Athlon Sports, and "Sporting News".

paragraph: During the 2018 Gator Bowl, Williams broke the school records for single-season all-purpose yards and single-season rushing yards, and the Gator Bowl record for single-game rushing yards. The school record for single-season all-purpose yards was previously set by Cyrus Gray in 2010, while the single-season rushing yards record was set by Darren Lewis in 1988. Former Syracuse running back Floyd Little set the Gator Bowl record in 1966. On January 3, 2019, Williams announced that he would forgo his final year of eligibility and declare for the 2019 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Williams was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the sixth round, 182nd overall, of the 2019 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Texas A&M Aggies bio

description: American-football player (1997-)

wikidata_label: Trayveon Williams

wikipedia_title: Trayveon Williams


text:
U.S. state
New York
coeducational
Masonville, New York
Oberlin, Ohio
Oberlin College
Nashville, Tennessee
Fisk University
W. E. B. Du Bois
Vassar College
African Americans

categories: 1845 births,Fisk University faculty,Educators from New York (state),People from Delaware County, New York,American women educators,19th-century American educators,Oberlin College alumni,1914 deaths

paragraph: Helen Clarissa Morgan

paragraph: Helen Clarissa Morgan (February 25, 1845 – May 23, 1914) was an American educator from the U.S. state of New York. She was the first woman to be appointed professor of Latin in a US coeducational college.

paragraph: Section::::Early years and education.

paragraph: Helen Clarissa Morgan was born in Masonville, New York in 1845. The family moved to Oberlin, Ohio when Morgan was 12 years old. She graduated from Oberlin College in 1866, receiving the degree of bachelor of arts, and in 1911 that college conferred upon her the honorary degree of master of arts.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Upon graduation she taught for three years in Michigan, and in 1869 was called to Nashville, Tennessee to teach Classical Studies in Fisk University, which was then located in the Federal Hospital Buildings. W. E. B. Du Bois was a student in her Latin classes. Although she received a call to teach at Vassar College, she chose to devote her life to work among African Americans, and remained at Fisk University for 38 years. Morgan was an advocate for greater teacher training, publishing an article on the subject, in relation to her experiences at Fisk, in 1911. She was the first woman to be appointed professor of Latin in a US coeducational college. On account of her long and faithful service the Carnegie Foundation, on June 7, 1907, voted to Professor Morgan a retiring allowance. She died on May 23, 1914.

description: American classicist and educator

wikidata_label: Helen Clarissa Morgan

wikipedia_title: Helen Clarissa Morgan


text: French

text: New France

text: Knights of Malta

text: St. Vincent de Paul

text: Sillery

text: Sillery

text: Quebec City

text: Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge

categories: 17th-century French diplomats,Ambassadors of France to Spain,Knights of Malta,1640 deaths,French Roman Catholic priests,1577 births

paragraph: Noël Brûlart de Sillery

paragraph: Noël Brûlart (or "Brulart") de Sillery (1577–1640) was a French diplomat who, upon renouncing the world and taking holy orders, provided from his fortune for the establishment of a mission in New France.

paragraph: The youngest child of Lord Pierre Brûlart de Berni and Dame Marie Cauchon de Sillery, Noel was named for the day of his birth, December 25, 1577. He joined the military-religious order of the Knights of Malta at a young age and distinguished himself by his service on that island.

paragraph: In 1607, while on leave, he was presented at court in Paris. In 1614 he was made Ambassador to the Spanish court and in 1622, to Rome. It was in Rome that he first conceived of the idea of renouncing worldly goods and joining the priesthood.

paragraph: He returned to Paris in 1624, where he lived a life of luxury that, for all the honours and riches he enjoyed, failed to satisfy him. In 1626, moved by the words of St. Vincent de Paul, he vowed to reform his life, dedicating his considerable energy, talents and fortune to the task of helping others. He began to give his money in support of a wide variety of charitable causes and foundations.

paragraph: In 1632, he began to prepare in earnest for holy orders and divested himself of his palatial property in Paris. He successfully petitioned the Pope for the special dispensation that was required for a Knight of Malta to leave the order and become a priest.

paragraph: In 1632, he gave twelve thousand pounds to fund the foundation of a mission in New France (Canada), which would eventually be named Sillery, in remembrance of his generosity. He became a priest in 1634. The mission, at that time called St. Joseph Mission, was built in 1638.

paragraph: The former city of Sillery, Québec, was named for him. Located just west of old Quebec City, Sillery was among the many outlying municipalities amalgamated into an expanded Quebec City on January 1, 2002. Its former territory now forms part of the borough of Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge. The name Sillery is still used locally for the picturesque neighbourhood.

paragraph: A monument to Noël Brulart de Sillery, consisting of a pedestal and bust, stands on Avenue Chanoine-Morel next to the Community Centre named after him. Erected in 1956, the monument was created by artist René Thibault, based on a concept by architect Édouard Fiset.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manuscript of Le Chevalier Noël Brûlart de Sillery, by L. E. Bois, on OurRoots.ca.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Jesuits in North America in the seventeenth century"; by Francis Parkman Little, Brown (1892); p. 183.

description: French diplomat

wikidata_label: Noël Brûlart de Sillery

wikipedia_title: Noël Brûlart de Sillery


text:
roots reggae
St. Croix
U.S. Virgin Islands
Midnite
I Grade Records
Bambu Station
Talking Roots volume 1
Dezarie website
Review for debut album Fya

categories: United States Virgin Islands musicians,People from Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Dezarie

paragraph: Dezarie is a female roots reggae singer born in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. She received Atlanta's "Best New Female Reggae Artist" award in 2001 before returning to St. Croix.

paragraph: She works closely with Midnite. She currently has five albums available. They are entitled "Fya" (I Grade Records), "Gracious Mama Africa", "Eaze The Pain", "The Fourth Book" and her most recent is entitled "Love in Your Meditation".

paragraph: In 2002 she collaborated with Bambu Station on Talking Roots volume 1 album on song "Woe".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Fya (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 01. Zion

paragraph: BULLET::::- 02. Omega

paragraph: BULLET::::- 03. Don't Cry

paragraph: BULLET::::- 04. Most High

paragraph: BULLET::::- 05. Love Yourself

paragraph: BULLET::::- 06. Flesh and Bone

paragraph: BULLET::::- 07. Fya

paragraph: BULLET::::- 08. All Ova

paragraph: BULLET::::- 09. Walk Wid Me

paragraph: BULLET::::- 10. Rebel

paragraph: BULLET::::- 11. Jah Throne

paragraph: BULLET::::- 12. Mind Yu Own

paragraph: BULLET::::- 13. Sing Out

paragraph: BULLET::::- 14. Iron Sharpen Iron

paragraph: BULLET::::- 15. Fya Dub

paragraph: Gracious Mama Africa (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 01. Gone Down

paragraph: BULLET::::- 02. Poverty

paragraph: BULLET::::- 03. Not one penny

paragraph: BULLET::::- 04. Strengthen your mind

paragraph: BULLET::::- 05. Law Fe de Outlaw

paragraph: BULLET::::- 06. Justice

paragraph: BULLET::::- 07. Gracious Mama Africa

paragraph: BULLET::::- 08. Exhalt

paragraph: BULLET::::- 09. Mother and Child

paragraph: BULLET::::- 10. Travelers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 11. Slew dem an done

paragraph: BULLET::::- 12. Judgment come

paragraph: Eaze The Pain (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 01. Hail Jah

paragraph: BULLET::::- 02. What A Mornin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 03. Always Remember You

paragraph: BULLET::::- 04. Eaze The Pain (Redemption)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 05. Real Luv

paragraph: BULLET::::- 06. Concern

paragraph: BULLET::::- 07. Angels

paragraph: BULLET::::- 08. Set Da Flame

paragraph: BULLET::::- 09. The Truth

paragraph: BULLET::::- 10. Anotha Revolution

paragraph: BULLET::::- 11. For The People By The People

paragraph: BULLET::::- 12. Ras Tafari

paragraph: The Fourth Book (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 01. Jah Know Better

paragraph: BULLET::::- 02. Tryin To Be God

paragraph: BULLET::::- 03. Ghettos Of Babylon

paragraph: BULLET::::- 04. Everyday

paragraph: BULLET::::- 05. Children Of The Most High

paragraph: BULLET::::- 06. Foolin Yourself

paragraph: BULLET::::- 07. Roots & Culture

paragraph: BULLET::::- 08. Not Yours

paragraph: BULLET::::- 09. Defend Right

paragraph: BULLET::::- 10. Holy Of Holies

paragraph: Love in Your Meditation (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 01. Love in Your Meditation

paragraph: BULLET::::- 02. Download De Criminal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 03. Worthy Was She

paragraph: BULLET::::- 04. Not Who We Are To Be

paragraph: BULLET::::- 05. African Heart Lionheart

paragraph: BULLET::::- 06. Return To Sender

paragraph: BULLET::::- 07. Stronger

paragraph: BULLET::::- 08. Keep Praising Jah

paragraph: BULLET::::- 09. How Great Thou Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- 10. Constructing Destruction

paragraph: BULLET::::- 11. Things Won't Be The Same

paragraph: BULLET::::- 12. Living Ones

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dezarie website This is Dezarie's website.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Review for debut album Fya

description: United States Virgin Islands musician

wikidata_label: Dezarie

wikipedia_title: Dezarie


text: Roman Catholic

text: Hoffman-Henon

text: Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament

text: Altoona, Pennsylvania

text: Asbury Park, New Jersey

text: Bradley Beach, New Jersey

text: St. Joseph Church

text: Camden, New Jersey

text: Camden, New Jersey

text: Cape May, New Jersey

text: Chester, Pennsylvania

text: Collingswood, New Jersey

text: Cornwall, Pennsylvania

text: Cornwells Heights, Pennsylvania

text: Darby, Pennsylvania

text: Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania

text: Equality, Illinois

text: Hackettstown, New Jersey

text: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

text: Millville, New Jersey

text: Norristown, Pennsylvania

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

text: Phoenixville, Pennsylvania

text: Wildwood, New Jersey

text: Williamstown, Pennsylvania

text: Lansdowne, Pennsylvania

text: Wilmington, Delaware

text: Wilmington, Delaware

text: Wilmington, Delaware

text: Columbia, South Carolina

categories: 1872 births,Architects of Roman Catholic churches,Architects of cathedrals,1958 deaths,American ecclesiastical architects

paragraph: George I. Lovatt Sr.

paragraph: George I. Lovatt Sr. (1872–1958) was an American architect who designed numerous Roman Catholic churches in Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey and elsewhere during the late 19th and early 20th century.

paragraph: Section::::Childhood and architectural education.

paragraph: He studied at the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art during the academic terms 1890/91 and 1892/93. His first documented commission occurred as a result of the death of Adrian Worthington Smith, who had begun work on the Monastery of the Visitation in Wilmington, Delaware (now demolished). Following Smith's death in 1892, Lovatt completed the convent and continued his studies at the PMSI at the same time. In 1894 he established an architectural practice in Philadelphia, with offices at 424 Walnut Street.

paragraph: Section::::Practice.

paragraph: Lovatt proved to be a formidable competitor for the considerable Catholic church work which was initiated in the time. Although Edwin Forrest Durang and Henry Dagit designed a number of Catholic church and institutional buildings, Durang's firm moved to New York City in the 1930s, leaving Henry D. Dagit, Lovatt, and the Hoffman-Henon firm to divide major Catholic commissions.

paragraph: Lovatt's firm received both local and national honors, including a commendation for the Church of the Most Precious Blood, Philadelphia, in 1926 at the International Exhibition held in Barcelona, Spain. He followed this honor in 1930 by winning the Philadelphia Chapter of the AIA's gold medal for his Church of the Holy Child, Philadelphia. In 1927 he was joined in the firm by his son George I. Lovatt Jr., but did not retire until 1940.

paragraph: Section::::Works include.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, Altoona, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holy Spirit Church, Asbury Park, New Jersey

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ascension Church, Bradley Beach, New Jersey

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Joseph Church, Camden, New Jersey

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holy Name Church, Camden, New Jersey

paragraph: BULLET::::- Our Lady Star of the Sea Church, Cape May, New Jersey

paragraph: BULLET::::- Church of The Immaculate Heart of Mary, Chester, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. John Church, Collingswood, New Jersey

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sacred Heart of Jesus Church, Cornwall, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Elizabeth Church and Convent, Cornwells Heights, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blessed Virgin Mary Church, Darby, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Andrew Church, Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Joseph Church, Equality, Illinois

paragraph: BULLET::::- Assumption Church, Hackettstown, New Jersey

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cathedral of Saint Patrick in Harrisburg, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Mary Magdeline Church, Millville, New Jersey

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holy Saviour Church, Norristown, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- Immaculate Conception Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holy Angels Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holy Cross Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Anthony of Padua Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Bridgit Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Agnes Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Aloysius Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Ambrose Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- Our Lady of Hope (Holy Child) Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Leo Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- Acts of the Apostles (former) Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sacred Heart Church, Phoenixville, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Ann Church, Wildwood, New Jersey

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sacred Heart of Jesus Church, Williamstown, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Philomena Church, Lansdowne, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Ann Church, Wilmington, Delaware

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Elisabeth Church, Wilmington, Delaware

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Joseph Church, Wilmington, Delaware

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Peter Church, Columbia, South Carolina

description: American architect

wikidata_label: George I. Lovatt, Sr.

wikipedia_title: George I. Lovatt Sr.


text: Jacobite

text: Parliament of Great Britain

text: Sir Hugh Paterson, 1st Baronet

text: Baronet

text: Bannockburn

text: Member of Parliament

text: Stirlingshire

text: Charles Erskine, Earl of Mar

text: attainted

text: Jacobite Rising of 1715

text: Clementina Walkinshaw

text: Charles Edward Stuart

categories: Baronets in the Baronetage of Great Britain,British MPs 1710–1713,1680s births,1777 deaths,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies,Scottish Jacobites,British MPs 1713–1715

paragraph: Sir Hugh Paterson, 2nd Baronet

paragraph: Sir Hugh Paterson, 2nd Baronet (circa 1685 – 23 March 1777) was a Scottish Jacobite and Member of the Parliament of Great Britain.

paragraph: The son of Sir Hugh Paterson, 1st Baronet by his wife Barbara, daughter of Sir William Ruthven of Dunglass and Katherine, daughter of William Douglas, 1st Marquess of Douglas, he succeeded his father as second Baronet, of Bannockburn, on 21 December 1701. From 1710 to 1715 he was Member of Parliament for Stirlingshire.

paragraph: On 21 February 1712 he married Lady Jean Erskine, daughter of Charles Erskine, Earl of Mar. They had a son Henry, who predeceased his father, and a daughter, Katherine, who married John Walkinshaw.

paragraph: In 1716 Paterson was attainted and his baronetcy forfeit, because, as a Jacobite, he had participated in the Jacobite Rising of 1715. His niece Clementina Walkinshaw later became the mistress of Prince Charles Edward Stuart.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00267597&tree=LEO

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.leighrayment.com/baronetage/baronetsP1.htm

description: Scottish Jacobite

wikidata_label: Sir Hugh Paterson, 2nd Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir Hugh Paterson, 2nd Baronet


text:
neurologist
physiologist
Geneva
Zurich
Berlin
Vienna
Paris
Alfred Vulpian
Augustus Volney Waller
therapy
University of Geneva
Moritz Schiff
Joseph Jules Dejerine
Paul Charles Dubois
Jules Cotard
cerebral softening
Jacques-Louis Reverdin
Déviation conjuguée
brain
botanical artist
"Jean-Louis Prévost"
Who Named It

categories: Swiss physiologists,University of Geneva faculty,Swiss neuroscientists,Swiss neurologists,1927 deaths,1838 births

paragraph: Jean-Louis Prévost

paragraph: Jean-Louis Prévost (May 12, 1838 - September 12, 1927) was a Swiss neurologist and physiologist who was a native of Geneva.

paragraph: He studied at Zurich, Berlin and Vienna, and in 1864 became an interne in Paris under Alfred Vulpian (1826–1887). After earning his medical doctorate at Paris in 1868, he returned to his hometown of Geneva, where he maintained a laboratory with Augustus Volney Waller (1816–1870). In 1876 he became a professor of therapy at the University of Geneva, and in 1897 succeeded Moritz Schiff (1823–1896) as professor of physiology, a position he held until 1913. Two of his better known students at Geneva were Joseph Jules Dejerine (1849–1917) and Paul Charles Dubois (1848–1918).

paragraph: Prévost is credited with introducing modern medical physiological practices at Geneva, and was the author of over sixty books and articles. While still a student, he co-authored with Jules Cotard (1840–1887), a work on cerebral softening called "Etudes physiologiques et pathologiques sur le ramollissment cérébral". With Jacques-Louis Reverdin (1848–1929) and Constant-Edouard Picot (1844–1931), he founded the journal "Revue médicale de la Suisse".

paragraph: Section::::Associated eponym.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prévost's law: Medical sign (Déviation conjuguée) involving unilateral brain lesions, where the head is rotated toward the diseased hemisphere.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Note: He is not to be confused with Jean-Louis Prévost (1790–1850), a botanical artist and a distant relative.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jean-Louis Prévost" @ Who Named It

description: Swiss physician

wikidata_label: Jean-Louis Prévost

wikipedia_title: Jean-Louis Prévost


text: John II, Count of Vendôme

text: Clara Gonzaga

text: Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier

text: Jacqueline de Longwy

text: Charlotte de Bourbon

text: Catherine de Lorraine

categories: French princes,House of Bourbon,House of Bourbon (France),1473 births,Dukes of Montpensier

paragraph: Louis, Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon

paragraph: Louis de Bourbon (1473 – 1520) styled as the "Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon" was born in 1473. He was the son of John II, Count of Vendôme and Isabel de Beauveau. He married his cousin, Louise de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier, eldest daughter of Gilbert of Bourbon, Count of Montpensier and Clara Gonzaga, on 21 March 1504, by whom he had three children. He died in 1520.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Suzanne de Bourbon (1508–1570), married Claude de Rieux, Count of Harcoute and Aumale, by whom she had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier (10 June 1513- 23 September 1582), married firstly in 1538, Jacqueline de Longwy, Countess of Bar-sur-Seine (died 28 August 1561), by whom he had a son and five daughters, including Charlotte de Bourbon. His second wife was Catherine de Lorraine.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles de Bourbon, Prince of La Roche sur Yon (1515-1565), married Philippe de Montespédon, Dame de Beaupreau (died 1575), by whom he had two short-lived children: a son, Henri, and a daughter, Jeanne.

description: French nobleman

wikidata_label: Louis, Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon

wikipedia_title: Louis, Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon


text:
Christian
saint
monk
abbot
Lycia
Asia Minor
Thebaid
Egypt
Palestine
Jordan River
monastery
asceticism
prayer
Fourth Ecumenical Council
Chalcedon
feast day
Eastern Orthodox Church
Roman Catholic Church
Deir Hajla
Jericho
lavra
Holy Family
St. Gerasimus of the Jordan
Venerable Gerasimus of the Jordan
icon
synaxarion

categories: Wonderworkers,Christian abbots,Saints from the Holy Land,Palestinian hermits,5th-century Christian saints,475 deaths

image: 512px-Икона_Герасима_Иораднского.jpg

paragraph: Gerasimus of the Jordan

paragraph: Gerasimus of the Jordan (, Abba Gerasimus, Holy Righteous Father Gerasimus of Jordan—also spelled Gerasimos or Gerasim) was a Christian saint, monk and abbot of the 5th century AD.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Gerasimus was born into a wealthy family in the province of Lycia, the southern part of Asia Minor, but he left his family wealth and worldly affairs to become a monk. He departed for the region Thebaid in the Egyptian desert, later again returning to his native Lycia. About the middle of 5th century Saint Gerasimus went to Palestine and settled in the wilderness near the Jordan River. There he established a monastery and became known for his righteous life of asceticism and prayer.

paragraph: The story of Gerasimus and the lion, when the saint tamed the animal by removing a thorn from its paw and taught it obedience, became widely known in the Christian world. He is reputed to have attended to the Fourth Ecumenical Council at Chalcedon in 451.

paragraph: Saint Gerasimus of the Jordan died in 475 (or, by other accounts, 451). His feast day is celebrated on 4 March by the Eastern Orthodox Church and on 5 March by the Roman Catholic Church.

paragraph: Section::::Monastery of St. Gerasimus.

paragraph: The Greek Orthodox monastery of Deir Hajla near Jericho commemorates St. Gerasimus, whose lavra was nearby. The history of the monastery is also linked to another Christian narrative. The Holy Family were said to have found refuge in a cave here

paragraph: during their flight from Herod the Great. An underground chapel was built on the spot where the Holy Family is believed to have spent the night.

paragraph: Section::::Hymns.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Troparion - Tone 1

paragraph: "Dweller of the desert and angel in the body, / you were shown to be a wonderworker, our God-bearing Father Gerasimus. / You received heavenly gifts through fasting, vigil, and prayer: / healing the sick and the souls of those drawn to you by faith. / Glory to Him who gave you strength! / Glory to Him who granted you a crown! / Glory to Him who through you grants healing to all!"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kontakion - Tone 4

paragraph: "Father, you burned with heavenly love, / preferring the harshness of the Jordan desert to all the delights of the world. / Therefore, a wild beast served you until your death; he died in obedience / in grief on your grave. / Thus God has glorified you, / and when you pray to Him / remember us, Father Gerasimus".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Gerasimus of the Jordan in St. Pachomius Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Venerable Gerasimus of the Jordan Orthodox icon and synaxarion

description: Christian monk and abbot

wikidata_label: Gerasimus of the Jordan

wikipedia_title: Gerasimus of the Jordan


text:
King Saud
King Abdulaziz
Saudi Arabia
Abdulrahman bin Saud
Al-Nasr
Faisal bin Abdulrahman Al Saud
Al-Nasr
Al-Nasr
Saudi Arabia

categories: Grandsons of Ibn Saud,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Sultan bin Saud

paragraph: Sultan bin Saud bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud is the son of King Saud and the grandson of King Abdulaziz the first monarch of Saudi Arabia. His mother was Munirah Al Haboot Al Mutairi. He is the brother of Prince Abdulrahman bin Saud, the godfather of Al-Nasr, and the uncle of Prince Faisal bin Abdulrahman Al Saud and Mamdoh bin Abdulrahman bin Saud, two of Al-Nasr presidents.

paragraph: Prince Sultan had six children. They are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Saud, who has two children: Prince Sultan and Princess Sarah.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Khalid

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Mansour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Turkie, who has two children: Prince Abdullah and Princess Yara.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Mohammed

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Talal, who has three children: Prince Saud, Prince Salman, and Princess Fadwa.

paragraph: He was the 6th President of the Al-Nasr Club in Saudi Arabia and held that office for 6 years (1969–1975).

description: Son of King Saud

wikidata_label: Sultan bin Saud

wikipedia_title: Sultan bin Saud


text:
Sassetta, Tuscany
Italian painter
Sienese Renaissance painting
Masaccio
Siena
Cortona
Cortona
Gregorio di Cecco
Gentile da Fabriano
altarpiece
Siena Cathedral
polyptych
St. Anthony the Abbot
Vecchietta
Porta Romana
Sano di Pietro
Renaissance
Carmelite
Miracle of Bolsena
Vatican
San Francesco
Berenson
Sienese
Siena
Bernard Berenson
Harvard University
Florence
St. Anthony
tempera
National Gallery of Art
Museum of Fine Arts
Galleria degli Uffizi
predella
Detroit Institute of Arts
Diocesan Museum
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Pinacoteca Nazionale, Siena
Louvre Museum
National Gallery of Victoria
Settignano
Bowes Museum
Musée Condé
Chantilly
Andrew Graham-Dixon
B. Berenson
Burlington Magazine
J. Pope-Hennessy
Federico Zeri

wikipedia_title:
Sassetta, Tuscany
List of Italian painters
Sienese School
Masaccio
Siena
Cortona
Cortona
Gregorio di Cecco
Gentile da Fabriano
Altarpiece
Siena Cathedral
Polyptych
Anthony the Great
Vecchietta
Porta Romana, Siena
Sano di Pietro
Renaissance
Carmelites
Corporal of Bolsena
Holy See
San Francesco, Sansepolcro
Berenson
Siena
Siena
Bernard Berenson
Harvard University
Florence
Anthony the Great
Tempera
National Gallery of Art
Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest)
Uffizi
Predella
Detroit Institute of Arts
Diocesan Museum (Cortona)
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Pinacoteca Nazionale (Siena)
Louvre
National Gallery of Victoria
Settignano
Bowes Museum
Musée Condé
Chantilly, Oise
Andrew Graham-Dixon
Bernard Berenson
The Burlington Magazine
John Pope-Hennessy
Federico Zeri

categories: Italian male painters,Italian Renaissance painters,1392 births,15th-century Italian painters,14th-century Italian painters,People from Siena,1450s deaths

paragraph: Stefano di Giovanni

paragraph: "For the village near Livorno, see Sassetta, Tuscany"

paragraph: Stefano di Giovanni di Consolo, known as "il Sassetta" (ca.1392–1450 or 1451) was an Italian painter who is considered one of the most important representatives of Sienese Renaissance painting. While working within the Sienese tradition, he innovated the style by introducing elements derived from the decorative Gothic style and the realism of contemporary Florentine innovators as Masaccio.

paragraph: Section::::Life and Works.

paragraph: The name Sassetta has been associated with him, mistakenly, only since the 18th century but is now generally used for this artist. The date and birthplace of Sassetta are not known. Some say he was born in Siena although there is also a hypothesis that he was born in Cortona. His father, Giovanni, is called da Cartona which possibly means that Cortona was the artist's birthplace. The meaning of his nickname Sassetta is obscure and is not cited in documents of his time but appears in sources from the eighteenth century.

paragraph: Sassetta was probably trained alongside artists like Benedetto di Bindo and Gregorio di Cecco but he had a style all of his own. He achieved a high level of technical refinement and was aware of artistic innovations of talented painters in Florence such as Gentile da Fabriano and Masolino. His work differs from the late Gothic style of many of his Sienese contemporaries.

paragraph: His first certain work, which originally had his signature, is the Arte della Lana altarpiece, (1423–1426) fragments of which are now divided among various private and public collections.

paragraph: The "Madonna of the Snow" altarpiece for the Siena Cathedral was a prestigious commission for Sassetta, and is considered his second major work. Not only does he excel at infusing his figures with a natural light that convincingly molds their shape, he also has an amazing handle on spatial relationships, creating cohesive and impressive work. From this point on, under Gothic influence, Sassetta’s style increases its decorative nature. The polyptych done by Sassetta in San Domenico at Cortona (around 1437) depicts scenes from the legend of St. Anthony the Abbot. He shows great skill in narration through his painting as well as combining a sophisticated color palette and rhythmic compositions.

paragraph: Francesco di Giorgio e di Lorenzo, better known as Vecchietta, is said to have been his apprentice.

paragraph: He died from pneumonia contracted while decorating the "Assumption" fresco on the Porta Romana of Siena. The work was finished by his pupil Sano di Pietro.

paragraph: Many consider Sassetta's fusing of traditional and contemporary elements as integral to the move from the Gothic to the Renaissance style of painting in Siena.

paragraph: Section::::"A Miracle of the Eucharist".

paragraph: Sassetta was a fiercely pious man. The painting is about the "marriage of righteousness and violence" and the "consequences of sinfulness, the perils of feigning faith and the power of God."

paragraph: The figure in black in the painting is an unbeliever, who has been found out in the process of receiving Communion. The officiating priest offers him the host on a plate, which is pictured miraculously spurting blood. The unbeliever has been struck dead instantly, and the creature above his face is a tiny black devil which has swooped down to snatch away his soul to the depths of Hell. The other men pictured are Carmelite monks, caught in expressions of shock, amazement and disgust. The painting is a "carefully staged, meticulously created illusion" which commemorates the Miracle of Bolsena which is said to have taken place in 1263.

paragraph: Sassetta's "Altarpiece of the Eucharist" was later divided between three museums (British, Hungarian and Italian), the Vatican, and a private collection.

paragraph: Section::::The "Borgo San Sepolcro" Altarpiece.

paragraph: The altarpiece was originally painted in Siena, and transported to Sansepolcro for placement in the church of San Francesco. In October 1900 the Berenson family purchased three panels created by Stefano di Giovanni. The Berensons' collection consisted of "St. Francis in Glory", flanked by the standing "Blessed Ranieri" and "St. John the Baptist", which scholars determined are only a part of a complex altar which had now become scattered among twelve collections throughout Europe and North America. It is generally accepted by the art historical community that Sassetta’s San Francesco altarpiece was one of the largest and most expensive of the Quattrocento. The fact that it was produced by a Sienese artist in Siena, and shipped to the Tiber valley town in late spring 1444 also speaks to Sassetta's fame in his time period.

paragraph: Bernard Berenson bequeathed many of Sassetta's painting from his Florence Villa to Harvard University, in what became the Center for Italian Renaissance Studies in Florence. A 3D computer-assisted reconstruction of the altarpiece's surviving parts is featured in "Sassetta: The Borgo San Sepolcro Altarpiece", edited by Machtelt Israels and released in 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Controversy.

paragraph: There is some contention in the historical art community over which Sienese masters were directly responsible for which paintings. Scenes from the life of St. Anthony of Egypt have been questioned as Sassetta's own work, and critics such as Donald Bruce believe that near-equals, such as the Griselda master also deserve attention for their achievements in art of this time period.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meeting of Saint Antonio and Saint Paul" (c. 1440), tempera on wood, National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C., USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vision of Saint Thomas of Aquino before the Cross", (1423), Pinacoteca Vaticana

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saint Thomas inspired by the dove of the Holy Spirit", tempera on wood, Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest

paragraph: BULLET::::- Madonna of the Snows Altarpiece (c. 1430–1432), Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence

paragraph: BULLET::::- A predella of three works at the Detroit Institute of Arts

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Domenico da Cortona Polyptych (c. 1434), Diocesan Museum, Cortona, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Journey of the Magi" (1435) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saint Anthony the Hermit Tortured by Devils", Pinacoteca Nazionale, Siena

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Virgin and Child Adored by Six Angels" (1437–44), Louvre Museum, Paris, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Burning of a Heretic" (1423), National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Last Supper" (1423), Pinacoteca Nazionale, Siena

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ecstasy of Saint Francis" (1437–44), Villa I Tatti, Settignano, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Miracle of the Eucharist", Bowes Museum, Barnard Castle, United Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saint Francis receiving stigmata" (1437–44), National Gallery, London, United Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mystic Marriage of St. Francis" (c. 1450), Musée Condé, Chantilly, France

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Italian Paintings of the Fifteenth Century. 2003 Judy Metro, National Gallery of Art, Oxford University Press: Oxford, New York p. 621.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrew Graham-Dixon, Paper Museum: Writings about Paintings, mostly (New York : Knopf, 1997), 33–36.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miklós Boskovits; National Gallery of Art (U.S.); et al., Italian paintings of the fifteenth century (Washington : National Gallery of Art ; New York, 2003), 621–625.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Machtelt Israels, ed. Sassetta: The Borgo San Sepolcro Altarpiece. 2 vols. Florence: Villa I Tatti, 2009.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fabrizio Nevola. “Reviews” Renaissance Quarterly (University of Chicago Press 2010). Vol. 63, No. 2, p. 589–591.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Donald Bruce, Sienese Painting at the London National Gallery. Contemporary Review; Winter2007, Vol. 289 Issue 1687, p. 481.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luciano Bellosi, "Sassetta e i pittori toscani tra XIII e XV secolo", a cura di Luciano Bellosi e Alessandro Angelini, Studio per edizioni scelte, Firenze 1986

paragraph: BULLET::::- B. Berenson, "Sassetta", Firenze 1946

paragraph: BULLET::::- Enzo Carli, "Sassetta's Borgo San Sepolcro Altarpiece", in: Burlington Magazine 43, 1951, ss. 145

paragraph: BULLET::::- Enzo Carli, "Sassetta e il «Maestro dell'Osservanza»", Milano 1957

paragraph: BULLET::::- Enzo Carli, "I Pittori senesi", Milano 1971

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. Pope-Hennessy, "Sassetta", Londra 1939

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. Pope-Hennessy, "Rethinking Sassetta", in: Burlington Magazine 98, 1956, ss. 364

paragraph: BULLET::::- Federico Zeri, "Towards a Reconstruction of Sassetta's Arte della Lana Triptych", in Burlington Magazine 98, 1956, ss. 36

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NGA

alias: Stefano di Giovanni di Consolo da Cortona

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Stefano di Giovanni

wikipedia_title: Stefano di Giovanni


text:
German
botanist
entomologist
Etzelwang
Upper Palatinate
Hersbruck
Nuremberg
bibliographer
physician
herbarium
Jacob Sturm
Digital Faunae insectorum germanicae
WUR

categories: 1755 births,Arachnologists,German entomologists,1829 deaths,People from Amberg-Sulzbach,German botanists

paragraph: Georg Wolfgang Franz Panzer

paragraph: Georg Wolfgang Franz Panzer (31 May 1755 – 28 June 1829) was a German botanist and entomologist.

paragraph: He was born at Etzelwang in the Upper Palatinate and died at Hersbruck, near Nuremberg. He was the son of (the elder, 1729-1805), one of the most distinguished and productive of German bibliographers, whose "Annales Typographici" were published between 1793 and 1803.

paragraph: A physician, he practised at Hersbruck. A celebrated botanist, he had a very species-rich herbarium.

paragraph: He also assembled a very important insect collection which was the basis of a vast work "Faunae insectorum germanicae initia" (Elements of the insect fauna of Germany), published at Nuremberg between 1796 and 1813. Illustrated by Jacob Sturm (1771–1848), with more than 2,600 hand-colored plates of individual, lifesize insects, this work was issued in 109 parts over the 17-year period of its serial publication, a common pattern for illustrated natural history works in the 18th and 19th centuries.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1781: Observationum Botanicarum specimen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1783: Beytrag zur Geschichte des ostindischen Brodbaums, mit einer systematischen Beschreibung desselben … Nebst einer Kupfertafel

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1785: De dolore (Altorfi)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1787: Versuch einer natürlichen Geschichte der Laub- und Lebermoosse nach Schmidelschen-Schreberschen und Hedwigschen Beobachtungen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1793–1813: Faunae Insectorum Germanicae Initia, oder Deutschlands Insecten, 109 Teile, 2640 Kupfertafeln von Jacob Sturm, herausgegeben von Dr G. W. F. Panzer. Zweyte Auflage. [Fortgesetzt bis 1844 von] Dr G. A. W. Herrich-Schaffer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1794: Faunae Insectorum Americes Borealis prodomus, etc.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1795: Deutschlands Insectenfaune oder entomologisches Taschenbuch für das Jahr 1795

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1802: Symbolae Entomologicae … Cum tabulis XII. aeneis

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1802: Viro … venerabili G. W. Panzero parenti suo … gratulatur, simulque quaedam de D. J. G. Volcamero, … additis duabus ad illum epistolis H. Boerhaave et I. Pitt[on] Tournefort, … exponit D. G. W. F. Panzer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1804: Systematische Nomenclatur uber weiland … J. C. Schaeffers naturlich ausgemahlte Abbildungen regensburgischer Insekten, etc. (D. J. C. Schaefferi iconum insectorum circa Ratisbonam indigenorum enumeratio systematica opera et studio G. W. F. P.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1805: Kritische Revision der Insektenfaune Deutschlands (2 Bändchen)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1813: Index entomologicus sistens omnes insectorum species in G. W. F. Panzeri Fauna Insectorum Germanica descriptas atque delineatas … adjectis … observationibus. Pars 1. Eleutherata

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1813: Ideen zu einer künftigen Revision der Gattungen der Gräser. L.P.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Stub Translated from French Wikipedia

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Digital Faunae insectorum germanicae

paragraph: BULLET::::- WUR Panzer and Sturm "Faunae insectorum germanicae initia" slideshow with sound

description: German botanist and entomologist

wikidata_label: Georg Wolfgang Franz Panzer

wikipedia_title: Georg Wolfgang Franz Panzer


text:
English
Victoria Cross
British
Commonwealth
1st Madras European Fusiliers
Victoria Cross
Siege of Lucknow
Tanjore
India

categories: British recipients of the Victoria Cross,People from London,British East India Company Army soldiers,1866 deaths,19th-century English people,English soldiers,Indian Rebellion of 1857 recipients of the Victoria Cross,1822 births

paragraph: John Smith (private)

paragraph: Private John Smith VC was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: He was born in London 1822 and enlisted in the 1st Madras European Fusiliers in 1841. He was awarded the Victoria Cross for action on 16 November 1857 at the Siege of Lucknow. His citation read:

paragraph: Smith was discharged on pension in 1861 and died on 6 May 1866 at Tanjore, India.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chris Kempton "Valour and Gallantry: H.E.I.C.& Indian Army Victoria Crosses & George Crosses 1856- 1946"

description: English recipient of Victoria Cross for Siege of Lucknow

wikidata_label: John Smith

wikipedia_title: John Smith (private)


text:
Le Nouvion-en-Thiérache
Aisne
Sorrento
House of Orléans
Duchess of Aosta
Prince Jean, Duke of Guise
Princess Isabelle of Orléans
Naples
Italy
Prince Amedeo of Savoy, Duke of Aosta
Margherita
Capodimonte Palace
Robert
Archduke of Austria-Este
Karl I
Maria Cristina
Miramare Castle
Prince Casimir of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
house of Bourbon
Her Royal Highness

categories: People from Aisne,House of Orléans,French Roman Catholics,Italian princesses,Princesses of Savoy,Duchesses of Aosta,1906 births,Princesses of France (Orléans),1986 deaths

paragraph: Princess Anne of Orléans

paragraph: Princess Anne of Orléans ("Anne Hélène Marie"; 5 August 1906, Le Nouvion-en-Thiérache, Aisne – 19 March 1986, Sorrento) was a member of the House of Orléans and the Duchess of Aosta by marriage.

paragraph: She was the daughter of Prince Jean, Duke of Guise and Princess Isabelle of Orléans.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: She married at Naples, Italy, on 5 November 1927, her cousin, Prince Amedeo of Savoy, Duke of Aosta (1898–1942) and had two daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margherita Isabella Maria Vittoria Emanuela Elena Gennara (born April 7, 1930 at Capodimonte Palace). She married on 28–29 December 1953 Archduke Robert, styled Archduke of Austria-Este (1915–1996), second son of the last Austrian emperor Karl I, and has issue three sons and two daughters.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria Cristina Giusta Elena Giovanna (born 12 September 1933 at Miramare Castle), who married on January 29, 1967 Prince Casimir of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, descended from Spanish princes (of the house of Bourbon or Borbon) ruling in Sicily, and has issue two sons and two daughters.

paragraph: Section::::Titles and styles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5 August 1906 – 5 November 1927 "Her Royal Highness" Princess Anne of Orléans

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5 November 1927 – 4 July 1931 "Her Royal Highness" The Duchess of Apulia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4 July 1931 – 3 March 1942 "Her Royal Highness" The Duchess of Aosta

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3 March 1942 – 21 January 1951 "Her Royal Highness" Princess Anne, Duchess of Aosta

paragraph: BULLET::::- 21 January 1951 – 19 March 1986 "Her Royal Highness" The Dowager Duchess of Aosta

description: Member of the House of Orléans and the Duchess of Aosta

wikidata_label: Princess Anne of Orléans

wikipedia_title: Princess Anne of Orléans


text:
Ferrara
Leoniceno
University of Ferrara
University of Ferrara
Pico della Mirandola
Jagiellonian
Vladislaus II
Louis II
Alfonso d'Este
Ludovico Ariosto
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
syphilis
Leipzig
Nuremberg
Galen
Basel
Arabic medicine
anthers
angiosperms
François Rabelais
Lyon
Antonio Musa Brassavola
Giorgio Valla
Ludovico Ariosto
centenario
Ferrara
University of Ferrara
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MANARDI (Manardo), Giovanni
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
Mirandola
Florence

categories: 1536 deaths,1462 births,University of Ferrara faculty,People from Ferrara,16th-century Italian physicians

paragraph: Giovanni Manardo

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born into an old family of Ferrara, Manardo was a follower of Leoniceno, whom he succeeded in 1525 as the chair of medicine at the University of Ferrara. Having begun to teach in the University of Ferrara, he worked as the personal physician to Pico della Mirandola from 1493 to 1504. From 1513 to 1518, he was the court physician to the Jagiellonian kings of Hungary, Vladislaus II and his son, Louis II. He then returned to the Este household in Ferrara, to provide for the health of Alfonso d'Este. In 1533, he was with another student of Leoniceno, , one of the doctors who attempted to cure Ludovico Ariosto.

paragraph: In 1494, on the death of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Manardo oversaw the publication of his "Disputationes adversum Astrologiam divinatricem", in which the philosopher criticized astrological beliefs and practices, marking a clear distinction between astronomy (mathematical or speculative astrology), which studied the harmonic reality of the universe, and astrology (judicial or divining astrology), which supposedly revealed the future of men according to astral conjunctures. Manardo also participated in debates on syphilis, particularly in Ferrara and Leipzig, where he wrote a pamphlet entitled "De erroribus Symonis Pistoris de Lypczk circa morbum gallicum", published in 1500 in Nuremberg.

paragraph: While Manardo had already shown his ability to apply philological principles to medical science in his commentary on Galen's "Ars Parva", his humanist erudition was evidenced especially in his "Epistolae Medicinales" which started to be released in bits and pieces starting in 1528, but which was not fully published until after his death in Basel in 1540, after which it went through numerous posthumous editions.

paragraph: The "Epistolae" combined the traditions of councils, forums and philological discussions about medicine and botany to the field of pharmacological terminology. The "Epistolae", besides criticizing the botanical knowledge informed by Arabic medicine, described the anthers of flowers (belonging to the angiosperms) for the first time, and had a particular influence on François Rabelais who republished it in Lyon, because he saw in Manardo's work both a useful contribution to restoring medicine to the prestige it had once enjoyed in antiquity, as well as being an authoritative voice underlying the renewal of culture.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antonio Musa Brassavola (1500-1555)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giorgio Valla (1447-1500)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ludovico Ariosto (1474-1533)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1475-1536)

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Atti del convegno internazionale per la celebrazione del V centenario della nascita di Giovanni Manardo, 1462-1536" (Ferrara, 8–9 December 1962), University of Ferrara, 1963.

paragraph: BULLET::::- D. Mugnai-Carrara, "Epistemological problems in Giovanni Mainardi's Commentary on Galen's" Ars Parva, in A. Grafton & N.G. Siraisi (ed.), "Natural Particulars. Nature and the disciplines in Renaissance Europe", Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 1999, pp. 251–274.

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. Palumbo, "MANARDI (Manardo), Giovanni", in "Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani", Volume 68, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- P. Zambelli, "Giovanni Mainardi e la polemica sull'astrologia", in "L'opera e il pensiero di Giovanni Pico della Mirandola nella storia dell'umanesimo", Atti del convegno internazionale (Mirandola, 15–18 September 1963), vol. II, Florence, 1965, pp. 205–279.

description: Italian physician

wikidata_label: Johannes Manardus

wikipedia_title: Giovanni Manardo