text: Bohemian

text: Far East

text: Buddha

text: Sacramento, California

text: Edwin B. Crocker

text: Jennie Louise Crocker Fassett

text: Jacob Sloat Fassett

text: Central Pacific Railroad

text: Mark Hopkins

text: Collis Huntington

text: Leland Stanford

text: Charles Crocker

text: The Big Four

text: First Transcontinental Railroad

text: Crocker Art Museum

text: William Henry Crocker

text: Crocker Bank

text: University of California

text: California Academy of Sciences

text: 1906 earthquake

text: Impressionist

text: cryptozoologist

text: Percy Sladen

text: Mokèlé-mbèmbé

text: Ruth Harkness

text: Asheville, North Carolina

text: Civil War

text: David Farragut

text: The New York Times

text: John G. Downey

text: Lillie Langtry

text: Lotta Crabtree

text: King Kalākaua

text: Commodore

text: prestidigitator

text: opera

text: Jean de Reszke

text: Borneo

text: Hong Kong

text: Shanghai

text: Kaivalya

text: Poona

text: boa constrictor

text: Buddha

text: Edgar Saltus

text: Decadent movement

text: Honore de Balzac

text: Arthur Schopenhauer

text: theosophist

text: ragtime

text: George Edward Gouraud

text: Thomas Edison

text: Long Island

text: Anna Held

text: David Belasco

text: John Drew

text: Barrymore family

text: Enrico Caruso

text: Folies Bergère

text: vaudeville

text: Irving Berlin

text: Victor Mapes

text: George M. Cohan

text: Long Island Sound

text: Chinatown

text: Robinson Crusoe

text: Hippodrome

text: Wilson Mizner

text: Brown Derby

text: Madame de Pompadour

text: Louis XV

text: Argentine tango

text: The Philadelphia Inquirer

text: Edmund Russell

text: Delsartean

text: Helena Blavatsky

text: Paul Poiret

text: Hôtel Biron

text: Henri Matisse

text: Auguste Rodin

text: Jean Cocteau

text: Isadora Duncan

text: Eduardo García-Mansilla

text: Jacques Lebaudy

text: Edouard de Max

text: Aleister Crowley

text: Galitzine

text: Sacramento Historic City Cemetery

text: the-tls.co.uk

text: Crocker Art Museum

categories: American women non-fiction writers,20th-century American women writers,American Buddhists,Women art collectors,20th-century American poets,American women short story writers,American socialites,American expatriates in France,Writers from Sacramento, California,American women poets,20th-century American short story writers,American memoirists,American art collectors,1863 births,20th-century American non-fiction writers,Crocker family,1941 deaths,Burials in California

paragraph: Aimée Crocker

paragraph: Aimée Isabella Crocker (December 5, 1864 – February 7, 1941) was an American princess, mystic, Bohemian, and author. She was known for her cultural exploration of the Far East, for her extravagant parties in San Francisco, New York and Paris, and for her collections of husbands and lovers, adopted children, Buddhas, pearls, tattoos and snakes.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: Crocker was born Amy Isabella Crocker on December 5, 1864, in Sacramento, California, to Judge Edwin B. Crocker and his second wife Margaret (née Rhodes). Crocker was the sixth child in a family of four girls, two boys, and a half sister. Three of the children died young. She was the younger sister of Jennie Louise Crocker Fassett, who was the wife of NY Congressman Jacob Sloat Fassett. Crocker's father was the chief legal counsel for the Central Pacific Railroad and was one of its principal investors along with Mark Hopkins, Collis Huntington, Leland Stanford and brother Charles Crocker, also known as The Big Four. Together they built the western portion of the world's First Transcontinental Railroad. Edwin served briefly as a California Chief Justice. Crocker's mother Margaret is also known for founding Sacramento's Crocker Art Museum, the longest continuously operating art museum in the West with, for a time, the largest private collection in the country.

paragraph: She was the first cousin of William Henry Crocker, humanitarian and president of three West Coast institutions: the Crocker Bank (once the fourteenth largest bank in the nation), the University of California Board of Regents, and the California Academy of Sciences. When much of the city of San Francisco was destroyed by the fire from the 1906 earthquake, William Crocker and his bank were major forces in financing reconstruction. William's wife Ethel was one of the leading California patrons of French Impressionist art.

paragraph: Crocker's grandson Gerald Russell was a naturalist, an adventurer and a cryptozoologist who headed several very well publicized expeditions including the Percy Sladen Expedition to Africa, where in the high forests of the British Cameroons, he reportedly encountered a large unclassified animal Mokèlé-mbèmbé, and the Ruth Harkness Asiatic Expedition to Tibet, where he captured the first live giant panda. Russell also led two expansive expeditions in the Himilayas in search of a yeti—the Daily Mail Expedition of 1954 and the Slick Johnson Snowman Expedition of 1958.

paragraph: In 1875, the eleven-year-old Crocker inherited $10 million (approximately $ today) when her father "E.B" died. Two years later, her mother Margaret decided to send Crocker to a finishing school in Dresden, Germany. There she was presented at court and had her first love affair and engagement with Prince Alexander of Saxe Weimar. Crocker broke off the engagement and quickly had a brief entanglement with a Spanish bullfighter.

paragraph: In 1883, Crocker made headlines when she was traveling to Los Angeles on her honeymoon with first husband, Porter Ashe. The train carrying the eloping couple broke loose at the summit of a hill in Tehachapi, killing twenty one people and seriously injuring another twelve. Ashe, whose forefathers had given their name to Asheville, North Carolina and whose uncle was the great Civil War Admiral David Farragut, was credited with pulling people to safety. The New York Times reported that Ashe, “exhibited a great deal of cool heroism at the burning of the cars. After drawing his wife and her maid through the window of the sleeper, he rescued ex-California Governor John G. Downey from between broken timbers, and saved his life.”

paragraph: Not long after the birth of their daughter, Gladys, Crocker and Ashe's marriage collapsed. Ashe plunged into a score of speculations, none of which proved successful. He spent a small fortune on horse racing studs, and then sold off many of them to settle gambling debts. His friendships with actresses Lillie Langtry and Lotta Crabtree were the source of much gossip. The breakup of Crocker's first marriage became a national scandal after Porter and his brother, Sidney, kidnapped Gladys in Los Angeles, while Crocker and her mother attended a wedding. Charges and counter charges made daily news during the custody battle. Courthouse proceedings attracted a crowd of hundreds. In spite of Ashe's reputation as a notorious gambler, his kidnapping charge and a weapons charge, he was awarded sole custody of Gladys. Crocker was considered the more unsettled of the pair. The child was later adopted by Crocker's mother.

paragraph: Section::::Life in the Far East.

paragraph: After the public humiliation of losing her child to her ex-husband, Crocker decided to go on an extended tour of the Far East, stopping first in Hawaii. King Kalākaua was so enamored with Crocker that he gave her one of his islands and an official title: Princess Palaikalani—Bliss of Heaven. She found an occasional traveling companion in her second husband, Henry Mansfield Gilling, whom she married in 1889. Gillig was a Commodore, a prestidigitator, and a respected amateur opera singer who cultivated his voice under the Polish master Jean de Reszke.

paragraph: Crocker's 1936 autobiography, "And I'd Do It Again", chronicles many adventures while living in the Far East, sometimes with Gillig and sometimes traveling alone including: an escape from headhunters in Borneo, a poisoning in Hong Kong; a murder attempt by knife-throwing servants in Shanghai; three weeks in the harem of Bhurlana (She claimed to be the first English speaking woman who had ever seen the inside of a harem); a search for Kaivalya (Liberation) at the cave of the Great Yogin Bhojaveda in Poona; and two bizarre sensual experiences, one with an Indian boa constrictor, and another with a Chinese violin in "the House of the Ivory Panels." When she returned to New York after living off and on in “the Orient” for ten years sporting tattoos, wearing snakes around her neck at parties and declaring her love for the Buddha, she became a national eccentric whose every move made headlines.

paragraph: During her marriage to Gillig, Crocker had several affairs with powerful Asian men, which were chronicled in her memoirs. She had a three-year affair with literary genius and columnist Edgar Saltus, an internationally known figure of the Decadent movement. Saltus wrote books about Honore de Balzac and the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer. He wrote two well received historic novels about the debauchery of the Roman emperors and the Russian czars. Saltus also wrote a tome about the history of atheism. He later became a theosophist.

paragraph: Section::::Life in New York.

paragraph: Crocker met her third husband, songwriter Jackson Gouraud, at a Buddhist colony that she organized (said to be the first in Manhattan). Gouraud wrote the ragtime melodies “Keep Your Eye on Your Friend, Mr. Johnson,” “She's a 'Spectable Married Colored Lady,” “I'se Workin'—I'se Hustlin,” “He's My Soft Shell Crab on Toast,” and “My Jetney Queen.” He set the town singing with the broadly comic number-one hit of his song writing career, “Waldorf-Hyphen-Astoria.” Marrying a showman was controversial at the time to her family and peers as Jackson was considered an "upper servant" at best and beneath the dignity of New York high society. Jackson's father, George Edward Gouraud, was himself an internationally known figure who acted as an agent for Thomas Edison in Europe. He helped found the Edison Telephone Company of London, and a number of European companies using Edison's technology.

paragraph: Crocker and Gouraud adopted two children, Reginald and Yvonne (she would later adopt two more: Dolores and Yolanda), and acquired numerous bulldogs. The couple lived in Oriental-themed homes in Manhattan and on Long Island. They also had tattoos of each other's initials inscribed inside coiling snakes. Crocker then reunited with her daughter, Gladys, who went on to marry Gouraud's brother, Powers, making her daughter (who was already legally her sister) a sister-in-law.

paragraph: The couple became well known Broadway “First Nighters” attending all of the opening nights of the biggest plays at the grandest theaters. Crocker befriended all of the popular performers of the era including Anna Held, David Belasco, John Drew, and the Barrymore family. Her good friend, Italian tenor Enrico Caruso, often visited and sometimes performed at her New York homes. Crocker would eventually be invited to play herself on Broadway at the grand opening of the Folies Bergère Theater in Rennold Wolf's vaudeville “profane satire” piece "Hell", with music by Irving Berlin. Another Aimée Crocker inspired character would turn up in a modern society comedy "The Lassoo," by Victor Mapes, a few years later at the Lyceum. Broadway legend George M. Cohan wrote a comedy "Broadway Jones," and a musical "Billie," with an Aimée Crocker character.

paragraph: The Gourauds made headlines in the early 1900s when their lavish mansion on the Long Island Sound burned to the ground, and when, on another occasion, several of Crocker's prize winning French bulldogs were poisoned. The power couple was known to go on "slumming" tours through the dregs of lower New York City with good friend and self-proclaimed mayor of Chinatown, Chuck Connors, who Crocker claimed silently ruled the Underworld.

paragraph: Around this time, Crocker began hosting lavish parties that shocked and embarrassed New York's conservative upper crust. She threw a Robinson Crusoe-themed party in Parisian treetops in 1905. At a country circus party at the Hippodrome, then the largest theater in New York, she appeared as a dairy maid and arrived on the back of an elephant. Her co-host that evening was the legendary scallywag/carnival barker Wilson Mizner who would later become a co-owner of the Brown Derby. Another memorable appearance was as Madame de Pompadour, Louis XV's mistress, in a costume party in Paris, and yet another gala that she hosted had her pet boa constrictor, Kaa, as the guest of honor.

paragraph: Her crowning achievement as “Entertainer of Entertainers” which received press all over the world would be “The Dance of all Nations.” The program that evening featured the very frank “Salome” dance, the curious Vienna Viggle, and the “cannibal” dancer Dogmeena, whose costume consisted of coconut oil and a red sash, and who enthusiastically danced in La Danse des Igorrotes. Crocker, appearing in pearls “that would clothe a baby and ransom a king,” delighted the company when she danced La Madrilena, an Argentine tango (then denounced and forbidden by the Catholic Church) with one of her most recent admirers. A little later, with a twelve-foot snake twined round her neck, she appeared in La Danse de Cobra. When her guests backed away from the snake's emerald eyes and darting tongue, she exclaimed, “It's as gentle as a powder puff."

paragraph: Because of her frenetic and lascivious lifestyle, Crocker was shunned by much of New York society including some members of her extended family. The public, however, was mesmerized by her. "The Philadelphia Inquirer" named her "The Most Fascinating Woman of Her Age" and "The Queen of Bohemia." The Bohemian set in New York worshiped her. They were spellbound by the adventurous stories of the well-traveled heiress. They were impressed by her bevy of young male admirers. They were inspired by the guest lists at her gatherings, which were brimming with both illustrious and infamous merrymakers. While many artists and Broadwayites of her time would rent a suite of rooms with a skylight and call it a studio, and while anyone with a little taste and money could furnish their studio with hangings and carvings and risqué paintings, few besides Aimée Crocker Gouraud could induce grand opera prima donnas, maharajas, and senators to mix with highly paid geniuses, men of letters, Broadway showgirls and Bowery scallywags for simple informal afternoon teas. Her homes became a United Nations of enlightenment and entertainment. She sometimes cohosted events with Bohemian artist friend Edmund Russell, who was a well known "Delsartean" lifestyle coach, an actor, an apostle of Madame Helena Blavatsky, and an Aimée Crocker's portrait painter.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: In 1910, Gouraud died of an acute attack of tonsillitis. The devastated heiress was hospitalized in Paris. She returned to her public later that year to promote a book of short stories, "arabesques" as her publisher called them, entitled "Moon Madness and Other Fantasies" which drew not from her imagination but from her ten years living in foreign lands as a native. She also changed the spelling of her name from “Amy” to “Aimée”, and moved her children to an estate in Paris dubbed “The House of Fantasy.” Crocker would live for the next 27 years in the City of Lights, throwing sensational and neurotic parties and housing young artists and exiled Russian nobles. She took Paris by storm after making a splash at a fantastic party thrown by Paul Poiret, a leading French fashion designer and a master couturier. She later lived in an artist colony at Hôtel Biron along with luminaries such as Henri Matisse, Auguste Rodin, Jean Cocteau and Isadora Duncan.

paragraph: After Gouraud's death, Crocker was romantically linked to many high-profile men including: Eduardo García-Mansilla, the great Argentinean musician, composer and diplomat, with whom she wrote a song "Mon Amour;"

paragraph: Genia D'Agarioff, opera baritone singer, who is credited with being the first person to sing in the Russian language in London and Paris; composer, performer, designer, director, and arranger Melville Ellis; Jacques Lebaudy, the self-proclaimed “Emperor of the Sahara;” and legendary French actor Edouard de Max, “The Most Beautiful Man in Paris.”

paragraph: Another notable suitor during this period was famous ceremonial magician, occultist, Tantra master and hedonist Aleister Crowley. Crowley wrote about their memorable decade long affair in graphic detail in his journals. He proposed marriage to Crocker nearly every time he saw her or wrote to her.

paragraph: Though she kept the name Gouraud for the rest of her life, Crocker went on to marry and divorce two more times, both to Russian princes decades younger than her. Her fourth husband, Alexander Miskinoff, caused a stir on two continents when he was accused of having an extramarital affair with Crocker's then 15-year-old adopted daughter, Yvonne. Aimée would marry her fifth and final husband, Prince Mstislav Galitzine, when she was 61 and he was 26. When asked by a friend who lost count of her marriages whether Mstislav was her fifth or sixth husband, she said, “The prince is my twelfth husband if I include in my matrimonial list seven Oriental husbands, not registered under the laws of the Occident.”

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: She died on February 7, 1941. She is interred in the Crocker family plot along with her third husband, Jackson, and two of her daughters in the Sacramento Historic City Cemetery.. The brass urns holding both her ashes and the ashes of her third husband, Jackson Gouraud, were stolen.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: Crocker, Aimée and Taylor, K. M. (2009). "Aimée Crocker's Refined Vaudeville: Around the World with America's Most Intriguing Heiress", Los Angeles: City of Angels Books.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Exhausting and Exhilarating Tale of Aimée Crocker by Libby Purves at the-tls.co.uk

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meet Aimée Crocker: Sacramento's Bohemian Princess & ArtMix Muse at the Crocker Art Museum

description: American socialite

wikidata_label: Aimée Crocker

wikipedia_title: Aimée Crocker


text:
MBE
Zululand
Royal Flying Corps
No. 45 Squadron RFC
Sopwith Camel
Richard Dawes
DFW
Salgarada
Albatros D.III
LVG
Josef Pürer
Flight Commander
No. 79 Squadron RAF
No. 48 Squadron RAF
Women's Indian Army
Egyptian Air Force
Group Captain
MBE
Silver Medal of Military Valor

categories: Members of the Order of the British Empire,Royal Air Force personnel of World War II,Royal Flying Corps officers,People from Plymouth,Recipients of the Silver Medal of Military Valor,1892 births,British World War I flying aces,Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom),1967 deaths

paragraph: Sidney Cottle

paragraph: Group Captain Sidney Joseph "Jack" Cottle MBE's military career began during World War I. He became a flying ace in the latter years of the war, credited with thirteen aerial victories. His service would span three decades and three continents before his final retirement in 1944.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and service.

paragraph: Although Cottle was English-born, while young he was moved to Zululand, where he grew up. He was dubbed "the man with the funny elbows" by the locals. In 1914, he enlisted in the South African Mounted Rifles. He served with them until he transferred into the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) in 1917.

paragraph: Section::::World War I flying service.

paragraph: He was commissioned in the RFC on 27 July 1917. He was forwarded to No. 45 Squadron RFC in Italy to fly a Sopwith Camel. On 10 March 1918, he and Richard Dawes destroyed an enemy DFW two-seater southeast of Salgarada. On 18 May, Cottle singlehandedly scored his second victory, setting an Albatros D.III afire. On 30 May 1918, Cottle was wounded in action. On 5 July 1918, Cottle set an LVG two-seater on fire; it was last seen still apparently under control. No score, though it was ruled "driven down". He did score twice more in July, though, becoming an ace on its last day. He scored three times in early August; then on the 31st he destroyed an Albatros D.III at 0935, killed Josef Pürer and driven his D.III down into captivity at 0940, driven a third D.III down into captivity at 0945, and drove an enemy reconnaissance two-seater down at 1035. The four wins pushed his total to eleven confirmed wins.

paragraph: At this point, 45 Squadron shifted theaters, from Italy back to France, thus removing Cottle from combat for a time. Cottle then scored on both 3 and 5 November 1918, ending the war with thirteen confirmed victories and that one flaming unconfirmed.

paragraph: Section::::Post World War I life and service.

paragraph: Cottle stayed in the Royal Air Force and became a Flight Commander in No. 79 Squadron RAF in 1919. He then transferred into No. 48 Squadron RAF in India. He married a major in the Women's Indian Army. Cottle was then transferred to Iraq in 1924. In 1932, he was assigned to duty with the Egyptian Air Force. He was promoted to Group Captain in 1940 which was his rank on retirement on 21 June 1941. However, he was re-employed until 1944, when he finally retired. A few years later, he moved to India. He died there on 15 August 1967.

paragraph: Section::::Honors and awards.

paragraph: Sidney Joseph Cottle was awarded the MBE by his king for his service.

paragraph: The text of the award citation for the Distinguished Flying Cross reads:

paragraph: Sidney Joseph Cottle also was awarded the Silver Medal of Military Valor by a grateful Italian government in 1918.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shores, Christopher F., Norman L. R. Franks & Russell Guest, "Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915–1920" . Grub Street, 1990. , .

description: British flying ace

wikidata_label: Sidney Cottle

wikipedia_title: Sidney Cottle


text:
Atri
Italian
condottiero
Kingdom of Naples
Queen Isabella
King Ferrante
Giovanni Pontano
Pope Pius II
Pope Pius III
Sternatia
Terra di Otranto
War of Ferrara
Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara
Pope Sixtus IV
Conspiracy of the Barons
French
Consalvo of Cordova
Spain
Naples
Naples Cathedral
Order of Saint Michael
encomia
Plutarch
Moralia
Accademia Pontaniana

categories: 16th-century Italian writers,16th-century Italian military personnel,Condottieri,1528 deaths,16th-century male writers,Italian male writers,People from Naples,15th-century Italian people,1456 births

paragraph: Andrea Matteo Acquaviva

paragraph: Andrea Matteo Acquaviva, 8th Duke of Atri (1456–1528) was an Italian nobleman and condottiero from the Kingdom of Naples. Born in Conversano, Puglia, he was the second son of Duke Giulio Antonio Acquaviva and his wife Caterina Orsini del Balzo. She was a first cousin of Queen Isabella, the wife of King Ferrante of Naples.

paragraph: He and his brothers were educated in Naples by the humanist scholar Giovanni Pontano. In 1464 he became Marquis of Bitonto. In September 1477, Andrea Matteo married Isabella Piccolomini of Aragon, the daughter of King Ferrante's natural daughter, Maria of Aragon. Maria's husband, Antonio Todeschini Piccolomini, Duke of Amalfi, was a nephew of Pope Pius II and brother of Pope Pius III. In 1478, he purchased from the royal state property the fief of Sternatia in Terra di Otranto.

paragraph: He was prepared by his father for the life of arms, fighting with him in Tuscany (1478) and then in Otranto against the Turks in 1481. His elder brother Giovanni Antonio died in Pisa in 1479. Upon the death of his father in Otranto, Andrea Matteo, as the elder surviving son, inherited the title of Duke of Atri and Count of S. Flaviano, which made him feudal lord of much of Abruzzo. He also received the maternal fiefdoms with the title of Count of Conversano. In 1482, during the War of Ferrara, he fought for Ferdinand I of Naples on behalf of the king's son-in-law, Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara against Pope Sixtus IV and his Venetian allies.

paragraph: In 1485, he joined the Conspiracy of the Barons, perhaps because the Aragonese did not want to return Teramo to Acquaviva. Eventually defeated, he was one of the few barons spared, due to the intervention of his father-in-law, Antonio Piccolomini, who happened to be the King's son-in-law.

paragraph: Andrea Matteo distinguished himself as a partisan of the French. He was made prisoner by Consalvo of Cordova and carried into Spain; but his confinement was not long; and on his return to Naples he became a patron of letters. He was kept away from political life, due to suspicious of his past as an advocate of the French cause. In 1510, Andrea Matteo and other barons assemble in Naples Cathedral to protest the introduction of the Spanish Inquisition into the territory. The following year, he returns the collar of the French Order of Saint Michael. He died in Puglia in 1529.

paragraph: To literary men he was indeed a benefactor—hence the encomia which have been lavished upon him, and which, more than any merit of his own, obtained him distinction. Yet he wrote one book at least, a commentary on the Latin translation of Plutarch's "Moralia". A member of the Accademia Pontaniana, he was one of the most important humanist princes in southern Italy.

alias: Andrea Matteo III, Duca d'Atri Acquaviva d'Aragona

description: Nobleman, condottiero

wikidata_label: Andrea Matteo Acquaviva

wikipedia_title: Andrea Matteo Acquaviva


text:
Italian
Kingdom of Naples
Giulio Antonio Acquaviva
Andrea Matteo Acquaviva
Andrea Matteo
Charles VIII of France
Ferdinand II of Naples
Nardò
Charles V
dissertation
Giovanni della Casa
Accademia Pontaniana
poet
Giacomo Antonio Acquaviva
Giovanni Battista Acquaviva
Bishop of Nardò

categories: Italian male writers,1460s births,People from Naples,1528 deaths

paragraph: Belisario Acquaviva

paragraph: Belisario Acquaviva, Duca di Nardò (c. 1464 – 24 July 1528) was an Italian nobleman and writer from the Kingdom of Naples.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: A younger son of Giulio Antonio Acquaviva and the younger brother of the literary figure Andrea Matteo Acquaviva, Belisario followed the military profession. Unlike his brother Andrea Matteo, 8th Duke of Atri, who supported the French, Belisario fought against Charles VIII of France, and was rewarded by King Ferdinand II of Naples with the fief of Nardò and the title Count. He was later made Duke of Nardò by Charles V. Belisario was hence enabled not only to preserve his own patrimony, but to procure the restitution of his brother's.

paragraph: Like that brother, he applied himself to letters, and left several dissertations, collected since into one volume. He was a friend of Giovanni della Casa, and like his older brother, was a member of the Accademia Pontaniana.

paragraph: Of this illustrious name were several other members attached to literature. Two dukes of Atri were poets. Both his sons, Giacomo Antonio Acquaviva and Giovanni Battista Acquaviva, served as Bishop of Nardò.

description: writer

wikidata_label: Belisario Acquaviva

wikipedia_title: Belisario Acquaviva


text:
jazz
Phil Woods
Rahsaan Roland Kirk
Don Cherry
Chet Baker
Art Farmer
Dexter Gordon
Johnny Griffin
Mel Lewis
Basel, Switzerland
JazzFest Berlin
Franco Ambrosetti
Close Encounter
List of experimental big bands
Homepage
George Gruntz page
George Gruntz Phonography

categories: 1932 births,2013 deaths,Enja Records artists,Swiss jazz pianists,Post-bop pianists,Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany,People from Basel-Stadt,Progressive big band musicians

paragraph: George Gruntz

paragraph: George Gruntz (24 June 1932 – 10 January 2013) was a Swiss jazz pianist, organist, harpsichordist, keyboardist, and composer known for the George Gruntz Concert Big Band and his work with Phil Woods, Rahsaan Roland Kirk, Don Cherry, Chet Baker, Art Farmer, Dexter Gordon, Johnny Griffin, and Mel Lewis.

paragraph: Gruntz, who was born in Basel, Switzerland, was also an accomplished arranger and composer, having been commissioned by many orchestras and symphonies. From 1972 to 1994 he served as artistic director of JazzFest Berlin.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As leader/co-leader.

paragraph: Main sources:

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Compilations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sins'n Wins'n Funs – Left-cores and Hard-core En-cores", 1981–1990 (Compilation, released 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The MPS Years", 1972–1981 (Compilation, released 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Renaissance Man" a.k.a. "30 + 70: The One Hundred Years of George Gruntz", 1961–2000 (Compilation, released 2002)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As sideman.

paragraph: With Franco Ambrosetti

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Close Encounter" (Enja, 1979)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of experimental big bands

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Homepage with biography and extensive discography. Retrieved November 12, 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Gruntz page at Enja Records site

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Gruntz Phonography at Swiss National Sound Archives

description: Swiss pianist

wikidata_label: George Gruntz

wikipedia_title: George Gruntz


text:
Ladies' Home Journal
Washington, D.C.
Philadelphia
New Orleans
Louisiana
Rahway, New Jersey
Burlington, New Jersey
Camden, New Jersey
West Philadelphia
Pennsylvania
Friends
London

categories: 20th-century American women writers,American women journalists,19th-century American writers,19th-century American women writers,1850 births,1921 deaths,People from Philadelphia,People from New Orleans,20th-century American non-fiction writers

paragraph: Emma Churchman Hewitt

paragraph: Emma Churchman Hewitt (February 1, 1850 – 1921) was an American author and journalist.

paragraph: She was associate editor of "Ladies' Home Journal" for four years; later of "Home Magazine", Washington, D.C. and "Leisure Hours", Philadelphia. She was also on staff at the Philadelphia (daily) "Call". Later, Hewitt was engaged in general literature. She served as president of the Philadelphia Women's Press Association; and chairman of the commission on sanitation, of the Philadelphia Civic Club. Hewitt was the author of "Ease In Conversation", 1887; "Hints to Ballad Singers", 18S9; "The Little Denvers", 1902; and joint author of "Queen of the Home", 1889. She made her residence at 4105 Chester Avenue, Philadelphia.

paragraph: Section::::Early years and education.

paragraph: Emma Churchman was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, February 1, 1850. Her parents were John and Lydia (Starr) Churchman. At three years of age, she moved north with her parents, who settled on a farm in Rahway, New Jersey, afterward moving to Burlington, New Jersey, and later to Camden, New Jersey, where she resided until she moved to West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was a direct descendant of John Churchman, who was a prominent member of Friends.

paragraph: Hewitt was a graduate of Miss Churchman's private school, in Philadelphia. She was a fluent French scholar, with a knowledge of several other modern languages. She began to write short stories at such an early age that it was said she was "born with a pen in her hand."

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1884, she became a journalist and engaged with the "Daily Evening Reporter" of Burlington, where she labored until its change of management. In 1885, at the solicitation of the publisher of the "Ladies' Home Journal", she began a series of articles with the unique title "Scribbler's Letters to Gustavus Adolphus". The next year, she received a call from the same publisher to the associate-editorship of the journal, which position she filled for four years. Notwithstanding her work while occupying the editor's chair, she contributed regularly sketches, short stories and articles on domestic topics to at least a dozen other periodicals. Her "Kase in Conversation" first appeared in the "Ladies' Home Journal" under the title of "Mildred's Conversation Class." These articles were published in book form (Philadelphia, 1887), and the volume, entitled "Ease in Conversation," went into a third edition, and her "Hints to Ballad Singers" (Philadelphia, 1889) had an extended sale. Her chief literary work was the "Queen of Home," (Philadelphia, 1889) treating in an exhaustive and masterly manner subjects of household interest from attic to cellar. She contributed from time to time to the Philadelphia "Press", the "Christian-at-Work", the "Sunday-School Times", the "Weekly Wisconsin", the "Housekeeper", the "Ladies' Home Journal", "Babyhood", the "Home Guard", "Golden Days", "Our Girls and Boys", "Our Young Men", "Wide Awake", "Munyoti's Illustrated World", "Lippincott's Magazine", and a number of others.

paragraph: She was a regular contributor to several English home magazines and completed a series of papers on household topics for a London periodical. After severing her connection with the "Ladies' Home Journal", she accepted a position on the editorial staff of the "Home Magazine", published in Washington, D.C., which she was obliged to resign on account of the death of her sister, which compelled her to live in Philadelphia. She then connected with "Leisure Hours", a monthly publication in that city.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Hewitt had a son and a daughter. She died in 1921, and was buried in Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hints to ballad singers ...", 1889

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Queen of home : her reign from infancy to age, from attic to cellar : twelve departments treating of home occupations, nursery, home training, home amusements, social relations, entertainments, library, dress, occupations for women : including papers by eminent authorities on home decorations, infancy, and the sick-room", 1889

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The three little Denvers", 1902

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ease in conversation; or, hints to the ungrammatical", 1907

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Duryeas' cook book : one hundred and eighty excellent recipes showing the value of Duryeas' cornstarch in the making of thing good to eat", 1909

paragraph: BULLET::::- "How to Train Children", 1909

paragraph: BULLET::::- "How to live on a small income", 1909

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Karo cook book : being one hundred and twenty practical recipes for the use of Karo syrup", 1910

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What a cook ought to know about cornstarch", 1910

description: American writer, journalist

wikidata_label: Emma Churchman Hewitt

wikipedia_title: Emma Churchman Hewitt


href: Sufi Khwajagan Naqshbandi Riwgar Shofirkon Bukhara Uzbekistan Shofirkon Bukhara Abdul%20Khaliq%20Ghajadwani Dera%20Ismail%20Khan Pakistan Shofirkon Bukhara%20Region Uzbekistan Naqshbandi

text:
Sufi
Khwajagan
Naqshbandi
Riwgar
Shofirkon
Bukhara
Uzbekistan
Safirkon
Bukhara
Abdul Khaliq Ghajadwani
Dera Ismail Khan
Pakistan
Shafirkon
Bukhara
Uzbekistan
Naqshbandi

categories: Sufi teachers,Naqshbandi order,1219 deaths

paragraph: Arif Riwgari

paragraph: Khwaja Muhammad Arif Riwgari is the first of the group of Central Asian Sufi teachers known simply as "Khwajagan" (the Masters) of the Naqshbandi order. His shrine is at Riwgar, or now is known as Shofirkon, about 45 km North of Bukhara, in today's Uzbekistan,

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Riwgar, today called Safirkon, forty five kilometers north of Bukhara. He studied the supervision of the master of his time, Abdul Khaliq Ghajadwani. He was the deputy of Abdul Khaliq Ghajadwani,

paragraph: Khwāja Abdul Khaliq Ghajadwani had four deputies. When he left this mortal world, his first deputy Khwāja Ahmad Siddīq succeeded him and took over the seat of spiritual directorship and trained the seekers in this noble path. When he was close to dying, he urged all his followers to seek the company of Khwaja Muhammad Arif Riwgari.

paragraph: Section::::Contribution.

paragraph: Arif Riwgari wrote a treatise on Tasawwuf, called “Ārif Nāma”, and one of its manuscripts is located in the library of Khāniqāh Mūsā Zaī , district Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.

paragraph: At the end of his times, Arif Riwgari appointed Mahmūd Anjīr-Faghnawī as his deputy and all his companions associated themselves with Mahmūd Faghnawī after his demise.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Arif Riwgari passed away on 1st Shawwāl 616 AH (December 1219 CE). He was buried in his hometown Riwgar (Shafirkon, Bukhara, Uzbekistan), where his noble tomb is a place of blessings and is visited by many.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: The Naqshbandi Order, Hamid Algar

paragraph: Wafayat al-A'yan, Ibn Khallikan

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hadhrāt al-Quds, by Shaykh Badr ad-Din Sirhindī

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://maktabah.org/blog/?p=1507

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rashahāt Ain al-Hayāt, by Mawlānā Alī ibn Husain Safī

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Naqshbandi

wikidata_label: Arif Riwgari

wikipedia_title: Arif Riwgari


text:
quaestor
praetor
civil war
optimates
Sulla
Marius
Pompey
Julius Caesar
Mark Antony
Syria
Cilicia
Publius Ventidius
Herod
Antigonus the Hasmonean
Jerusalem
consul
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
civil war
Octavian
Marcus Agrippa
Tarcondimotus I
Cilicia
battle of Actium
Lucius Arruntius
temple of Apollo Medicus
Q. Sosius Senecio
Saint Sossius
Ludi Saeculares
Ara Pacis
quindecimviri sacris faciundis
Siege of Jerusalem (37 BC)

categories: Ancient Roman generals,Sosii,Roman Republican consuls

paragraph: Gaius Sosius

paragraph: Gaius Sosius was a Roman general and politician.

paragraph: Gaius Sosius was elected quaestor in 66 BC and praetor in 49 BC. Upon the start of the civil war, he joined the party of the Senate sometimes called optimates by modern scholars (even though the term belongs to the era of Sulla and Marius). Upon the flight of Pompey to Greece, Sosius returned to Rome and submitted to Julius Caesar.

paragraph: After the assassination of Caesar, Sosius joined the party of Mark Antony, by whom in 38 BC he was appointed governor of Syria and Cilicia in the place of Publius Ventidius. As governor, Sosius was commanded by Antony to support Herod against Antigonus the Hasmonean, when the latter was in possession of Jerusalem. In 37 BC, he advanced against Jerusalem and after he became master of the city, Sosius placed Herod upon the throne.

paragraph: In return for this service, he was awarded a triumph in 34 BC, and he became consul along with Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus as his colleague in 32 BC. When civil war broke out between Antony and Octavian, Sosius espoused the cause of Antony and violently attacked Octavian in the senate, for which he was forced to flee to the east. In 31 BC, Sosius commanded a squadron in Mark Antony's fleet with which he managed to defeat the squadron of Taurius Rufus – according to Dio 50.14 – and put it to flight, but, when the latter was reinforced by Marcus Agrippa, Sosius's ally Tarcondimotus I, the king of Cilicia, was killed and Sosius himself was forced to flee. Dio mistakenly suggests that Sosius died as well, but later affirms he was alive at the battle of Actium. At Actium, Sosius commanded the left wing of the fleet. After the battle, from which he managed to escape, his hiding place was detected and Sosius was captured and brought before Octavian but, at the intercession of Lucius Arruntius, Octavian pardoned him. He returned to Rome and completed his building project on the temple of Apollo Medicus (begun in 34 BC), dedicating it in Octavian's name.

paragraph: It is unknown if Sosius had sons, but two daughters are known: Sosia and Sosia Galla, possibly by an Asinia, a Nonia or an Aelia, based on the name of Sosia Galla. However, the name reappears with Q. Sosius Senecio (consul in 99 and 107) and Saint Sossius (275-305 AD).

paragraph: Sosius attended the Ludi Saeculares in 17 according to an inscription CIL 6.32323 = ILS 5050 as a quindecimvir. Sosius appears on the Ara Pacis within the College of the quindecimviri sacris faciundis.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Siege of Jerusalem (37 BC)

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Appian, 5. C. v. 73;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cic. "ad Ait." viii. 6, ix. 1;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dio Cass. xlix. 22, xlix. 41, I. 2, 14, li. 2, Ivi. 38;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph. "Ant." xiv. 15, 16, B. J. i. 17—18;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Plut. "Ant." 34;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Suet. "Aug." 17;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tac. "Hist." v. 9;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vell. Pat. ii. 85, 86.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martha Hoffman Lewis, "The Official Priests of Rome under the Julio-Claudians. A Study of the Nobility from 44 B.C. to 68 A.D.", Rome 1955.

description: politician and soldier

wikidata_label: Gaius Sosius

wikipedia_title: Gaius Sosius


text:
samurai
Sendai domain
Chinese classical literature
Ferris Girls' School
Yokohama
Meiji Girls' School
Kojimachi
Hoshino Tenchi
Kitamura Tokoku
Tōson Shimazaki
Azumino, Nagano
sericulture
Tokyo Imperial University
Shinjuku
Rokuzan Ogiwara
Rodin
Paris
literary salon
Naoe Kinoshita
Vasili Eroshenko
Sumako Matsui
Tsune Nakamura
Kōtarō Takamura
Toyama Mitsuru
Inukai Tsuyoshi
Rash Behari Bose
Indian independence movement
Viceroy of India
British Raj
Tokyo Broadcasting System
Miki Mizuno
Hiroyuki Hirayama

categories: Japanese Protestants,1955 deaths,Japanese philanthropists,Japanese businesspeople,1876 births,People from Miyagi Prefecture

paragraph: Kokkō Sōma

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sōma was born as , and was the samurai in the service of Sendai domain, and her mother was a scholar of Chinese classical literature. She came into contact with Christianity through missionaries at an early age, and was sent to the Ferris Girls' School in Yokohama, and later transferred to the Meiji Girls' School in Kojimachi, Tokyo, where she studied under Hoshino Tenchi, Kitamura Tokoku and Tōson Shimazaki. She was given the pen name of Kokko by one of her teachers, with the cautionary note that for women authors, only a moderately shining light would be considered acceptable by society. In 1898, she married Aizō Sōma, a follow Christian, and moved to what is now Azumino, Nagano, where her husband was combining social activism with sericulture.

paragraph: However, she had frequent problems with her health and with adjusting to rural life, and the couple relocated to Tokyo in 1901. In Tokyo, Sōma purchased the Nakamura-ya bakery near the main gate to Tokyo Imperial University. In 1909, the shop relocated to Shinjuku. The bakery often hired foreigners or consulted with foreign residents in Japan for ideas on new products or new condiments to use, and the shop flourished, later added a café and restaurant.

paragraph: From 1908, Rokuzan Ogiwara, a sculptor and acquaintance of her husband, returned from studying under Rodin in Paris, returned to Japan and the Sōmas built an atelier for him adjacent to their shop. This was the start of the Sōmas patronage of the arts and literature. The atelier grew to become a literary salon, whose members included Naoe Kinoshita, a socialist activist from Sōma's home town, Vasili Eroshenko, a blind Russian poet, as well as actress Sumako Matsui, painter Tsune Nakamura, poet and sculptor Kōtarō Takamura.

paragraph: In addition to providing financial support to struggling artists and writers, the Somas also provided support to the pan-Asian movement, and the salon provided a convenient and confidential meeting place for politicians, including Toyama Mitsuru, Inukai Tsuyoshi and others. The Sōmas provided shelter for Rash Behari Bose, the fugitive head of the Indian independence movement. Bose was the mastermind behind a number of bomb plots against the Viceroy of India and attempts to organize an uprising against the British Raj. Bose married Sōma's daughter Toshiko in 1918.

paragraph: Sōma died in 1955.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: In the TV movie, "Rokuzan no ai" ("Rokuzan’s Love") aired by Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS) in February 2007. Kokkō Sōma is played by Miki Mizuno, with the story line depicting a forbidden romance between Rokuzan Ogiwara (played by Hiroyuki Hirayama), with Kokkō becoming the model for Ogiwara’s famous sculpture, "Woman".

alias:
Kokkō Sōma
Kokko Soma
Soma Kokko
Sōma Ryō
Ryō Sōma
Ryo Soma
Soma Ryo
Souma Kokkou

description: Japanese businessperson, philanthropist

wikidata_label: Sōma Kokkō

wikipedia_title: Kokkō Sōma


text:
Albanian
Albanian National Awakening
Albanian women
Ismail Qemali
Albanian Declaration of Independence
Vlorë
Voskopojë
Hoçisht
Vilayet of Monastir
Ottoman Empire
Kristo Floqi
Kostaq Kota
US
Natick, MA
Salt Lake City
Spiro Ilo
Albanian colony of Romania
First Albanian School of Korçë
Labëria Patriotic Club
Albanian flag
Lef Nosi
satin
Ekrem Vlora
Aladro Castriota
Greece
Syrja Vlora
Delvina
tuberculosis
Kristo Floqi
Zvërnec Monastery

categories: 1932 deaths,Albanian women's rights activists,Members of the Albanian Orthodox Church,People from Korçë,Albanian journalists,19th-century Albanian educators,People from Manastir Vilayet,Albanian schoolteachers,20th-century Albanian educators,Albanian educators,Activists of the Albanian National Awakening,Eastern Orthodox Christians from Albania,Albanian publishers (people),1882 births,19th-century Albanian women

paragraph: Marigo Posio

paragraph: Marigo Posio (1882–1932) was one of the most distinguished Albanian women, an activist of the Albanian National Awakening and Independence Movement, and consolidating the social status of Albanian women. She is mostly remembered for sewing (or embroidering) the flag raised by Ismail Qemali during the Albanian Declaration of Independence in Vlorë on 28 November 1912.

paragraph: Marigo was the daughter of Papa Kosta Poçi and Lenka Ballauri (from Voskopojë). Some official Albanian sources define Hoçisht village near Korçë (back then Vilayet of Monastir in Ottoman Empire) to be her birthplace. Some other and later sources mention Korçë itself. Her sister Urani was married to Albanian politician and playwright Kristo Floqi, while the other sister Angjeliqi was married to Albanian politician and Prime Minister Kostaq Kota. Her two brothers Niko and Kristo were both emigrants to US, the first one settled in Natick, MA, and the other in Salt Lake City. She was a relative of Albanian patriot Spiro Ilo, activist of the Albanian colony of Romania and signatory of the Declaration of Independence Act. Marigo was educated in the First Albanian School of Korçë, being the 27th student enrolled in it.

paragraph: She married Jovan Posio from Hoçisht at a young age. The couple used the last name Posio, although it shows up also as Pozio, Pozjo, or Bozjo. The couple moved to Vlora around 1904, in "Muradie" neighborhood. Their house served as a center for meetings and activities of Albanian patriotic figures of that time. Marigo was a member of the Labëria Patriotic Club founded in Vlore in 1908. She was one of the initiators of the Albanian School of Vlore of 1909. The Albanian Declaration of Independence took place on 28 November 1912 in Vlora. Marigo is considered the "mother" of the Albanian flag which was raised during the Independence Act. The official sources mention her to have embroidered the flag. Lef Nosi, respected Albanian politician present at the event, states that the black eagle was cut from satin and was sewed upon the red base. Ekrem Vlora mentions that the flag was a gift from Aladro Castriota and Marigo was given it to make copies. In all cases, she is involved. She also produced many copies of the flag on her own expenses for various offices of the Vlora Government.

paragraph: Marigo is considered a leader of the first Albanian Women Organization, which aimed at helping wounded soldier which came from the border war with Greece. The organization was founded on 13 May 1914. Other members were wives of prominent Albanian figures of the time, i.e. wives of Syrja Vlora or Mehmet Pasha of Delvina.

paragraph: On 6 February 1921, she started publishing her own paper "Shpresa shqiptare" ("The Albanian hope") which continued with 6 issues.

paragraph: The family suffered from a series of misfortunes, first with their children, and later with Marigo's health due to tuberculosis. Kristo Floqi raised his voice on 9 December 1928 accusing the Albanian authorities of having forgotten Marigo's contribution. Marigo did not receive the "veteran's status" like many others did post 1912. She died neglected and forgotten in 1932, and was buried in the Zvërnec Monastery cemetery.

description: Albanian activist

wikidata_label: Marigo Posio

wikipedia_title: Marigo Posio


text: Swiss

text: historian

text: archaeologist

text: science writer

text: Zürich

text: medieval construction history of Zürich

text: Neuhausen am Rheinfall

text: SIG Sauer

text: University of Zurich

text: Predigerkloster

text: Münsterhof

text: Münsterhof

text: Zürcher Predigerkirche

categories: 1954 births,20th-century Swiss historians,People from the canton of Schaffhausen,Swiss male writers,21st-century Swiss historians,People from Zürich,20th-century archaeologists,Swiss archaeologists,Neuhausen am Rheinfall,Swiss science writers,Living people

paragraph: Dölf Wild

paragraph: Dölf Wild (born 1954) is a Swiss historian, archaeologist, science writer and works as the chief archaeologist of the city of Zürich. He is mainly known for his investigations in the medieval construction history of Zürich and built heritage conservation.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Dölf Wild grew up in Neuhausen am Rheinfall, and made an apprenticeship as a draftsman at the as of today SIG Sauer in Neuhausen. Later, he earned the baccalaureate at the cantonal school for adults KME in Zürich. He studied history, anthropology and art history at the University of Zurich, and promoted in 1999 on the subject of "Das Predigerkloster in Zürich. Ein Beitrag zur Architektur der Bettelorden im 13. Jahrhundert"

paragraph: Since 2001 Dölf Wild is the head respectively chief archaeologist (German: Leiter Stadtarchäologie Zürich) of the city of Zürich, and among others he supervised the 2014/15 excavations at the Münsterhof plaza.

paragraph: Section::::Publications (excerpt).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zürichs Münsterhof – ein städtischer Platz des 13. Jahrhunderts? Überlegungen zum Thema  »Stadtgestalt und Öffentlichkeit«  im  mittelalterlichen  Zürich". Published by the city of Zürich, Zürich 2011.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Urs Jäggin, Felix Wyss et al.: "Die Zürcher Predigerkirche – Wichtige Etappen der Baugeschichte. Auf dem Murerplan beschönigt? – Untersuchungen an der Westfassade der Predigerkirche". Amt für Städtebau der Stadt Zürich, Zürich 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Predigerkloster in Zürich. Ein Beitrag zur Architektur der Bettelorden im 13. Jahrhundert". Monographien der Kantonsarchäologie Zürich 32, Hochbaudepartement der Stadt Zürich, Amt für Städtebau, Archäologie, Zürich 1999, .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dölf Wild" on the website of Amt für Städtebau der Stadt Zürich, Archäologie und Denkmalpflege

wikidata_label: Dölf Wild

wikipedia_title: Dölf Wild


text:
castrato
soprano
Perugia
Giovanni Bononcini
Alessandro Scarlatti
Griselda
Vivaldi
Ercole su'l Termodonte
Leonardo Vinci
Artaserse

categories: 18th-century Italian opera singers,People from Perugia,1692 births,Castrati

paragraph: Giacinto Fontana

paragraph: Domenico Giacinto Fontana (1692–1739), also known as "Farfallino", was an Italian castrato singer active primarily in Rome from 1712 to 1736. He specialised in singing soprano female roles and earned the name "Farfallino" ("Little Butterfly") for his graceful stage appearance. He was born in Perugia and died there at the age of 47. At times he feared ridicule by performing certain roles, such as a pregnant primadonna.

paragraph: Section::::Roles created.

paragraph: Fontana is known to have created the following roles:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olimpia in Giovanni Bononcini's "Crispo" (1721)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Griselda in Alessandro Scarlatti's "Griselda" (1721)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hippolyte in Vivaldi's "Ercole su'l Termodonte" (1723)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marzia in Leonardo Vinci's "Catone in Utica" (1728)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Semiramide in Leonardo Vinci's "La Semiramide riconosciuta" (1729)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mandane in Leonardo Vinci's "Artaserse" (1730)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cleofide in Leonardo Vinci's "Alessandro nell'Indie" (1730)

description: Italian singer

wikidata_label: Giacinto Fontana

wikipedia_title: Giacinto Fontana


text:
Shujalpur
Madhya Pradesh
Chattrapati Shahu Maharaj's
Gwalior State
Scindia
Marathas
Patil
Satara District
Maharashtra
Satara
Sardar
Baji Rao
Malwa
Mughals
Gwalior
Maratha Empire
Ujjain
Shujalpur
Jayappaji Rao Shinde
Dattaji Rao Shinde
Jyotiba Rao Shinde
Tukoji Rao Shinde
Mahadaji Shinde
Maratha confederacy
Scindia

categories: Scindia dynasty of Gwalior,People from Shajapur,1745 deaths,Indian generals

paragraph: Ranoji Scindia

paragraph: Ranoji Shinde (died 19 July 1745, Shujalpur, Madhya Pradesh) also known as Ranoji Rao Shinde, was Shrimant Sardar in Chattrapati Shahu Maharaj's service during 1720 to 1745. He was the founder of princely Gwalior State ruled by the Scindia dynasty of the Marathas.

paragraph: Ranoji was Patil of Kanherkheda (Kannerkhera), a small place in Satara District, Maharashtra, east of Satara.

paragraph: He started his career as Sardar under the leadership of Peshwa Baji Rao and later on established himself in Malwa, as the Marathas took it over from the Mughals. In his part of the region, around Gwalior, he was outside the effective power of the Maratha Empire.

paragraph: During the invasion and conquest of Malwa in 1723, Ranoji served as one of the three most senior commanders under Peshwa Bajirao. He acquired a considerable territory and possessions as part of the Malwa settlement in 1731, and became Subedar of that province in 1736.

paragraph: He established his seat at Ujjain in 1731, which remained the capital of the Scindias until 1810.

paragraph: Ranoji died at Shujalpur, Malwa on 19 July 1745. He left three legitimate sons, Jayappaji Rao Shinde, Dattaji Rao Shinde and Jyotiba Rao Shinde, and two illegitimate, Tukoji Rao Shinde and Mahadaji Shinde. His sons played an important part in the subsequent history of the Maratha confederacy.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scindia

paragraph: BULLET::::- [[Note "Scindia" or " Shinde" or "Sindhe" or Sinde" Name as one But sum states call to hear in Maharastra, Andhra pradesh, Telagana, Karnataka...

paragraph: [[Category:1745 deaths]]

paragraph: [[Category:Indian generals]]

paragraph: [[Category:Scindia dynasty of Gwalior|Ranoji]]

paragraph: [[Category:People from Shajapur]]

paragraph: [[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

description: Indian general

wikidata_label: Ranoji Scindia

wikipedia_title: Ranoji Scindia


text:
Aragon
Alfonso V of Aragon
battle of Ponza
Aragon
Kingdom of Naples
Monteodorisio
Antonella d'Aquino
Pescara
Alfonso
Fernando
Francesco Ferdinando d'Avalos
Italian Wars

categories: Counts of Italy,1484 deaths,Knights of the Garter,Year of birth unknown,Spanish untitled nobility,D'Avalos family,Spanish generals

paragraph: Iñigo I d'Avalos

paragraph: Íñigo I d'Avalos ( or "Innico"; died 1484) was an Aragonese general.

paragraph: His grandfather, Ruy López d´Ávalos, had been constable of Castile. Iñigo came to Italy with Alfonso V of Aragon in 1442. He took part in the naval battle of Ponza in 1435. In 1452, after the Aragonese conquest of the Kingdom of Naples, he was made Count of Monteodorisio.

paragraph: In 1452 he married Antonella d'Aquino, heiress to the marquisate of Pescara, which was thenceforth part of the family's fiefs. Iñigo died in Naples in 1480: his lands were inherited by his son Alphonso. His grandsons Alfonso and Fernando and his great grandson Francesco Ferdinando d'Avalos were generals for Spain in the Italian Wars.

description: Spanish nobleman 1414-1484

wikidata_label: Enyego d'Àvalos

wikipedia_title: Iñigo I d'Avalos


text:
Prince of Piombino
Appiani
Piombino
Emanuele Appiani
Andrea Guardi
Iacopo

categories: 1474 deaths,Appiani family,People from the Province of Livorno,1422 births

paragraph: Iacopo III Appiani

paragraph: Iacopo III Appiani (1422 – 22 March 1474) was Prince of Piombino of the Appiani dynasty in the Renaissance.

paragraph: He was born in Piombino, the illegitimate son of Emanuele Appiani. Despite his reduced finances, he was a patron of the arts: people he housed in his court include the architect Andrea Guardi, which, in 1465–1470, executed a large urbanistic and architectonical renewal of Piombino.

paragraph: He died at Piombino in 1474, being succeeded by his son Iacopo.

paragraph: br

description: Prince of Piombino

wikidata_label: Iacopo III Appiani

wikipedia_title: Iacopo III Appiani


text:
Prince of Piombino
Appiani
Pisa
Iacopo I Appiani
Gherardo
Piombino
Tuscan
Iacopo II
Paola Colonna
condottiero
Rinaldo Orsini
Caterina Appiani
Alfonso V of Naples
Iacopo

categories: 1380s births,People from Pisa,Princes of Piombino,Appiani family,1457 deaths

paragraph: Emanuele Appiani

paragraph: Emanuele Appiani (c. 1380 – 15 February 1457) was Prince of Piombino during the Appiani dynasty in the Renaissance.

paragraph: He was born in Pisa, the son of Iacopo I Appiani, and followed his brother Gherardo to Piombino when he became lord of the Tuscan city. When Gherardo died, he remained in the court but the lordship was inherited by his son Iacopo II, under the tutorage his mother Paola Colonna.

paragraph: When Iacopo II died, despite Emanuele was the last living Appiani male, she kept the seigniory, thanks to the support of her son-in-law, the condottiero Rinaldo Orsini. When Paola died, the latter inherited the title under his daughter Caterina Appiani. In reply Emanuele married in 1445 to Colia de' Giudici, illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso V of Naples, who marched to Piombino with an army. Orsini died of plague, followed soon afterwards by Caterina, and Emanuele could enter Piombino in 1452 after being elected lord by the city's Elders.

paragraph: He died at Piombino in 1457, being succeeded by his son Iacopo.

paragraph: br

wikidata_label: Emanuele Appiani

wikipedia_title: Emanuele Appiani


text:
lady of Piombino
Genazzano
Salerno
Venosa
Pope Martin V
Gherardo Appiani
Piombino
Iacopo
Emanuele Appiani
Caterina
Rinaldo Orsini
Colonna family

categories: Colonna family,Lords of Piombino,1450 deaths,People from Genazzano,1370s births

paragraph: Paola Colonna

paragraph: Paola Colonna (c. 1378 – 3 November 1450) was the lady of Piombino from 1441 until 1445.

paragraph: She was born in Genazzano as the daughter of Agapito Colonna, lord of Genazzano. Her brother Giordano was shortly Prince of Salerno and Duke of Venosa, while her brother Oddo would become Pope Martin V. On 18 June 1396 she was married to Gherardo Appiani, lord of Piombino. At his death she held the regency for their son Iacopo. When the latter also died, she left the principate, against the legitimate heir Emanuele Appiani, to her daughter Caterina, married to the condottiero Rinaldo Orsini.

paragraph: She died in Piombino in 1450.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colonna family

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mauro Carrara, Signori e principi di Piombino, Bandecchi & Vivaldi, Pontedera 1996.

paragraph: br

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: Paola Colonna

wikipedia_title: Paola Colonna


text:
lord of Piombino
Appiani family
Pisa
Iacopo I Appiani
Piombino
Gian Galeazzo Visconti
florins
Paola Colonna
Colonna
Pope Martin V
Iacopo

categories: 1405 deaths,People from Pisa,1370s births,Appiani family

paragraph: Gherardo Appiani

paragraph: Gherardo Appiani (c. 1370 – May 1405) was the lord of Piombino from 1398 until his death. He was a member of the Appiani family.

paragraph: He was born in Pisa, the son of Iacopo I Appiani. He was lord of that city from 1398 until 1399, obtaining the lordship of Piombino in 1398 in exchange of Pisa, sold to Gian Galeazzo Visconti for 200,000 florins. In 1396 he married Paola Colonna, daughter of Agapito Colonna, and sister of future Pope Martin V.

paragraph: He died in 1405, succeeded in Piombino by his son Iacopo.

paragraph: br

description: Lord of Pimobino

wikidata_label: Gherardo Appiani

wikipedia_title: Gherardo Appiani


text:
Rionegro
Antioquia
Bogotá
Colombia
linguist
Antioquia
England
La Nación
Buenos Aires
Argentina
Academia Colombiana de la Lengua
Biography

categories: Linguists from Colombia,1861 births,Colombian journalists,1957 deaths,Colombian essayists,People from Rionegro,Intellectual Cooperation,Male journalists,Colombian male writers,Stalin Peace Prize recipients,Male essayists

paragraph: Baldomero Sanín Cano

paragraph: Baldomero Sanín Cano (1861 in Rionegro, Antioquia – 1957 in Bogotá) was a Colombian essayist, journalist, linguist, humanist and university professor.

paragraph: He graduated as a teacher in the Normal de Rionegro, in the department of Antioquia, and became undersecretary of the Reyes administration and ambassador of Colombia in England. He was a collaborator of the "Hispania" magazine and an editor of the newspaper "La Nación" of Buenos Aires. He served as a minister in Argentina 1934. He was a member of the Academia Colombiana de la Lengua. He was also Rector of the University of El Cauca in Popayan and also collaborator of El Tiempo in Bogota.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- La administración Reyes 1904–1909 (1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colombia hace sesenta años (1888)

paragraph: BULLET::::- An elementary Spanish grammar (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- La civilización manual y otros ensayos (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indagaciones e imágenes (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manual de historia de la literatura española (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crítica y arte (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Divagaciones filológicas y apólogos literarios (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ensayos (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- De mi vida y otras vidas (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- El humanismo y el progreso del hombre (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pesadumbre de la belleza y otros cuentos y apólogos (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Letras colombianas (1984).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography

description: Colombian writer

wikidata_label: Baldomero Sanín Cano

wikipedia_title: Baldomero Sanín Cano


text:
Bulgaria
Bulgarian National Revival
theatre
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Ottoman Empire
Shumen
Sava Filaterov
Ivan Bogorov
Sava Dobropolodni
Galatasaray High School
Istanbul
Bulgarian Church struggle
Romanian Principalities
Brăila
Giurgiu
French
Ottoman
émigré
Bucharest
Preslav
Krum
The Misunderstood Civilization
Chorbadzhia
Vasil Drumev
Ivan Vazov
Russian citizenship
Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878
Tarnovo
typhus
"The Misunderstood Civilization"

categories: Bulgarian writers,Bulgarian dramatists and playwrights,Bulgarian educators,19th-century Bulgarian people,Deaths from typhus,Male dramatists and playwrights,Galatasaray High School alumni,Members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,Bulgarian male writers,People from Shumen,1833 births,19th-century dramatists and playwrights,1878 deaths

paragraph: Dobri Voynikov

paragraph: Dobri Popov Voynikov (; 10 November 1833 – 27 March 1878) was a Bulgarian teacher, playwright and journalist of the Bulgarian National Revival. He is regarded as the father of modern Bulgarian theatre and the first Bulgarian producer. Voynikov was among the founders of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

paragraph: Voynikov was born in the city of Şumnu, Ottoman Empire (now Shumen, Bulgaria) in 1833 and studied at Sava Filaterov, Ivan Bogorov and Sava Dobropolodni's schools. He graduated from the Galatasaray High School in Istanbul in 1858 and became a teacher in Shumen, where he remained until 1864. In Shumen, he was an active public figure and took an active part in the Bulgarian Church struggle and the establishment of secular Bulgarian education.

paragraph: In 1864, he was forced to emigrate to the autonomous Romanian Principalities, settling first in Brăila and then moving to Giurgiu in 1873. In 1866, he was for a while part of the Secret Central Bulgarian Committee. He authored brochures in French, revealing the atrocities committed by the Ottoman authorities in the Bulgarian lands and enlightened the goals of the Bulgarian revolutionary movement. As an émigré in Romania Voynikov came to be involved in theatre: he founded a Bulgarian amateur theatrical company in Brăila in 1865 and headed it until 1870. For the first time in the history of Bulgarian theatre, women took part as actresses. He continued his involvement in theatre in Giurgiu, Bucharest and Shumen.

paragraph: Voynikov authored several plays, both dramas and comedies: "Princess Rayna" (1866), "Baptism of the Preslav Court" (1868), "Velislava, Bulgarian Princess" (1870), "The Enthronement of Krum the Fearsome" (1871), the famous "The Misunderstood Civilization" (1873), "The Chorbadzhia" (1881), "A Physician in Spite of Himself" (1884) and the unpublished "Dimanka or True First Love". His plays constitute the main repertoire of Bulgarian National Revival theatre and set some trends that were continued by the next generations of playwrights, such as Vasil Drumev and Ivan Vazov.

paragraph: In the early 1870s Voynikov was close to the right-wing Band of Virtues group who assisted him in obtaining Russian citizenship; thus, Voynikov could return to Bulgaria in 1874. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, he was the director of an orphanage in Tarnovo, where he died of typhus.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Misunderstood Civilization" by Dobri Voynikov

description: former bulgarian writer

wikidata_label: Dobri Voynikov

wikipedia_title: Dobri Voynikov


text: British Conservative politician

text: Bournemouth West

text: Eton College

text: St Paul's School

text: Lieutenant

text: Rifle Brigade

text: 2nd Gurkha Rifles

text: Gilgit Scouts

text: Second World War

text: Sir Anthony Eden

text: baronetcies

text: 1953 Paddington North by-election

text: Conservative

text: Member of Parliament

text: Bournemouth West

text: by-election in February 1954

text: House of Commons

text: Privy Council

text: life peer

text: Rushyford

text: County of Durham

text: House of Lords Reform Act 2014

text: Lord Healey

text: Minister of State for Industry

text: Royal Armouries Association

text: The Honourable

text: The Honourable

text: The Honourable

text: baronetcies

text: The Honourable

text: Earl of Perth

categories: UK MPs 1974,People educated at Eton College,UK MPs 1959–1964,UK MPs 1951–1955,Rifle Brigade officers,UK MPs 1970–1974,1925 births,UK MPs 1964–1966,Baronets in the Baronetage of Great Britain,Conservative Party (UK) life peers,British Indian Army officers,Living people,UK MPs 1966–1970,UK MPs 1974–1979,UK MPs 1979–1983,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,Eden family,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,Baronets in the Baronetage of England,UK MPs 1955–1959

paragraph: John Eden, Baron Eden of Winton

paragraph: John Benedict Eden, Baron Eden of Winton, (born 15 September 1925) is a retired British Conservative politician who was the Member of Parliament for Bournemouth West from 1954 to 1983.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Eden was educated at Eton College and St Paul's School, New Hampshire, USA. He served as a Lieutenant with the Rifle Brigade, 2nd Gurkha Rifles and the Gilgit Scouts during the Second World War. He is a nephew of Sir Anthony Eden (1897–1977), who served as prime minister from 1955 to 1957, and he succeeded his father Sir Timothy Calvert Eden to his baronetcies in 1963. He is the 9th Baronet of West Auckland and the 7th Baronet of Maryland.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After an unsuccessful attempt to contest the 1953 Paddington North by-election, he was the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Bournemouth West from 1954 until 1983. When first elected at by-election in February 1954, he was the youngest member of the House of Commons. He was appointed to the Privy Council on 10 April 1972 and was created a life peer as Baron Eden of Winton, of Rushyford in the County of Durham on 3 October 1983, following his retirement from the House of Commons. He retired from the House of Lords on 11 June 2015 under the provisions of the House of Lords Reform Act 2014. Following the death of Lord Healey on 3 October 2015, Eden became the surviving former MP with the earliest date of first election.

paragraph: Appointments:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Member of the House of Commons Estimates committee (1960–1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Delegate to Council of Europe and West European Union (1960–1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Delegate to NATO Technology (June–October 1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minister of State for Industry (1970–1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minister of State for Posts and Telecommunications (1972–1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Member of the House of Commons Expenditure committee (1974–1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chairman of the Select Committee on EEC Legislation (1976–1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chairman of the Select Committee on Home Affairs (1980–1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chairman of the British Lebanese Association (1990–1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chairman of the Royal Armouries Association (1986–1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Member of Timken Company International Advisory Board

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chairman of Lady Eden's Schools Ltd

paragraph: Section::::Family life.

paragraph: He has been twice married:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1) Belinda Jane Pascoe (1954 – divorced 1974); four children

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Honourable Emily Rose Eden (born 1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Honourable Arabella Charlotte Eden (born 1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Honourable Robert Frederick Calvert Eden (born 30 April 1964). Heir apparent to the baronetcies.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Honourable John "Jack" Edward Morton Eden (born 1966). Heir presumptive to the baronetcies.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2) Margaret Ann Gordon (1977 to date). A former wife of the Earl of Perth.

paragraph: Section::::Titles and styles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Eden (1925–1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Eden MP (1954–1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir John Eden Bt MP (1963–1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Rt. Hon. Sir John Eden Bt MP (1972–1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Rt. Hon. Sir John Eden Bt (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Rt. Hon. The Lord Eden of Winton Bt PC (1983–)

alias: John Benedict Eden (Baron Eden Of Winton)

description: British politician

wikidata_label: John Eden, Baron Eden of Winton

wikipedia_title: John Eden, Baron Eden of Winton


text:
antiquary
neoclassical architecture
Paris
Giovanni Paolo Pannini
French Academy in Rome
Natoire
Robert Adam
Florence
Diocletian's Palace
Split
Rome
High Renaissance
Classical Antiquity
Prix de Rome
French Academy in Rome
Grand Tour
Robert Adam
James Adam
Grand Tour
François-Joseph Bélanger
Hôtel Grimod de La Reynière
grotesque
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia State Capitol
Maison Carrée
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia State Capitol
Maison Carrée
State Hermitage Museum
Fitzwilliam Museum
Cambridge

categories: 1721 births,Artists from Paris,Neoclassical architecture in France,Neoclassical architects,1820 deaths,18th-century French architects,French draughtsmen,French antiquarians,French neoclassical painters

paragraph: Charles-Louis Clérisseau

paragraph: Charles-Louis Clérisseau (28 August 1721 – 9 January 1820) was a French architectural draughtsman, antiquary and artist. He had a role in the genesis of neoclassical architecture during the second half of the 18th century.

paragraph: Born in Paris, he was a pupil of the painter of ruins Giovanni Paolo Pannini and a former student at the French Academy in Rome, which he left in 1754 after a dispute with its director, Natoire. In 1755 the Scottish architect Robert Adam arrived in Florence, where he met Clérisseau, who accompanied him to Rome; there Adam resolved, under the spell of Clérisseau, to produce a volume for publication upon his return that would establish him as a serious architect. The project he selected was a volume documenting the ruins of Diocletian's Palace at Split, easily accessible on the Dalmatian coast. Over a period of five weeks in 1757 Adam sketched and supervised the documentation of the ruins, while Clérisseau produced perspectives, and two German draftsmen undertook the measured drawings. Most of the published engravings in Adam's "Ruins of the palace of the Emperor Diocletian at Spalato" (1764) are believed to be the work of Clérisseau, though he received no credit.

paragraph: Clérisseau passed most of the next decades in Rome. As it had done since the High Renaissance, ancient Rome and modern Rome functioned as a cultural hub, the ruins of Classical Antiquity providing a school in themselves, if one had a knowledgeable guide. Clérisseau served as a mentor to a generation of young architectural students who had won the prestigious Prix de Rome for study at the French Academy in Rome and guided the developing taste for the Antique in young French and British artists and gentlemen amateurs on the Grand Tour. In particular, his skillful drawings of ancient architectural details, of real Roman ruins and imaginary ones, helped form the taste of young architects like Robert Adam in the 1750s and his brother James Adam, in 1760-63. Clérisseau supported himself by providing architectural views, sometimes in series, for young men on the Grand Tour.

paragraph: Returning to Paris, Clérisseau was a magnet for young neoclassical architects, like François-Joseph Bélanger, who never went to Rome. In 1774, Clérisseau provided the designs for Jean-François Peyron's decors in the salon of the Hôtel Grimod de La Reynière, Paris, the earliest revival of grotesques in France. From 1785-89, he assisted Thomas Jefferson in producing designs for the Virginia State Capitol. At the time, Jefferson was residing in Paris, while serving as American Minister to France. In 1788, the first (and only) volume in Clérisseau's intended series, "Antiquités de la France," was published in Paris. Subtitled, "Monumens de Nismes", the folio included detailed engravings of the Maison Carrée, the building that inspired Clérisseau's collaboration with Thomas Jefferson on the design for the Virginia State Capitol. Mistakenly believing it to be a Republican period building, Jefferson admired the Maison Carrée (19-16 BCE) as "one of the most beautiful, if not the most beautiful and precious morsel of architecture left us by antiquity..." (quoted in McCormick, 1990).

paragraph: The largest cache of Clérisseau drawings by far is in the collection at the State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg. Another large group is conserved at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge.

alias:
Charles Clerisseau
C. Clérisseau
Jacques Louis Clerisseau
Charles Louis Clerisseau
Charles Louis Clérisseau
Jacques Louis Clérisseau
Charles-Louis Clerisseau
C. Clerisseau
Clarles Louis Clerisseau
Clarissau
Clerisau
Cleriseau
M. Clerisseau
Clerisseau
Clerissau
M. Clérifau

wikidata_label: Charles-Louis Clérisseau

wikipedia_title: Charles-Louis Clérisseau


text:
Die Kandidaat
Jannie totsiens
South Africa
Fleur du Cap Theatre Lifetime Award

categories: 1915 births,2010 deaths,South African television actresses,South African film actresses

paragraph: Hermien Dommisse

paragraph: Hermien Dommisse (27 October 1915 – 24 March 2010) was a South African actress.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Dommise was born in 1915. She made several films in South Africa including Die Kandidaat and Jannie totsiens. She was known for appearing in the long running bi-ligual South African TV soap "".

paragraph: Dommisse died in South Africa at a nursing home. She received a Fleur du Cap Theatre Lifetime Award in 1999.

description: South African actress

wikidata_label: Hermien Dommisse

wikipedia_title: Hermien Dommisse


text:
prelate
Kingdom of Hungary
Archbishop of Esztergom
Bishop of Veszprém
Diocese of Cumania
Jews
Muslims
Andrew II of Hungary
Diocese of Liège
Béla
Bernard of Perugia
Archbishop of Split
Sorbonne
Pope Alexander III
Archdiocese of Kalocsa
Esztergom
Fehérvár
Novellae Constitutiones
Roman law
Kalanda
Pope Innocent III
Peter of Győr
Roman Curia
right of coronation
coinage
John of Esztergom
Óbuda
Yolanda de Courtenay
Székesfehérvár
Pelagio Galvani
Pope Honorius III
Bartholomew le Gros
Bishop of Pécs
Thomas of Eger
Fourth Council of the Lateran
Fifth Crusade
Gisela
tithe
Almád
Hahót
St. James
Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit
Gertrude of Merania
Knight Hospitaller
Göncöl
Archbishop of Split
Desiderius of Csanád
Frederick II
crusade
Holy Land
Alberic of Trois-Fontaines
Bartholomew of Veszprém
Raynald of Belleville
Bishop of Transylvania
Boricius
Frisian
Pope Gregory IX
Diocese of Cumania
Dominican
coinage
Palatine
Denis, son of Ampud
Master of the treasury
Nicholas
interdict
Giacomo Pecoraria
Bereg
Beatrice D'Este
Coloman
John, Bishop of Bosnia
Lucas
Bulcsú Lád
Mongol invasion of 1241
tithe
Svätuše
provost of Arad
Stephen Báncsa
Garamszentbenedek
Kispest
Újbuda
Budaörs
Cistercian
Petrovaradin
Serbia
Víziváros
Esztergom
St. Adalbert Basilica
Matthias Rátót
Stephen
heir apparent
cilice
sacristy

categories: 12th-century French people,13th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Bishops of Veszprém,Archbishops of Esztergom,1239 deaths,Year of birth unknown,Hungarian people of French descent

paragraph: Robert, Archbishop of Esztergom

paragraph: Robert (; died 1 November 1239) was a French-born prelate in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first decades of the 13th century. He was Archbishop of Esztergom between 1226 and 1239 and Bishop of Veszprém from 1209 till 1226. He played a decisive role in the establishment of the short-lived Diocese of Cumania. He was sharply opposed to the employment of Jews and Muslims in the administration of the royal revenues. He even put Hungary under interdict to force Andrew II of Hungary to dismiss his non-Christian officials.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Robert was of French noble origin, who was born in the territory of the Diocese of Liège. It is presumable that he came to Hungary, when became a royal tutor of King Andrew's eldest son Béla (born 1206), replacing Bernard of Perugia, Archbishop of Split. In contemporary records, his name is referred to with the honorary title of ""magister"", demonstrating his university degree (possibly he studied in Liège or Sorbonne). Some historians consider he is identical with that Robertus Anglicus, who, alongside Peter, provost of Esztergom, has stolen documents from the papal register of Pope Alexander III in order to disarm the jurisdictional claims of the Archdiocese of Kalocsa against Esztergom. Historian Dániel Bácsatyai argues a namesake member of the collegiate chapter of Esztergom, mentioned in 1183, is the same person as Robert.

paragraph: He simultaneously functioned as chancellor and provost of Fehérvár from 1207 to 1209. In this capacity, he was a supporter of the so-called "new institutions", a new policy for royal grants introduced by Andrew. While recording the preliminaries of the royal charters throughout in 1208 and 1209, Robert characterized this reform as "the best measure of a royal grant is its being immeasurable." That sentence reflects Robert's knowledge of "Novellae Constitutiones" (one of the four parts of the Roman law), where the same phrase appears regarding the donations of the churches.

paragraph: Section::::Bishop of Veszprém.

paragraph: After the death of his predecessor Kalanda, Robert was elected as Bishop of Veszprém in 1209. His election was confirmed by Pope Innocent III in the next year. Robert and his fellow bishop Peter of Győr were entrusted in 1211 to prepare a convention draft and submit to the Roman Curia in the subject of conflicts of jurisdiction between the archdioceses of Esztergom and Kalocsa. The proposal contained that the right of coronation should belong to the role of archbishop Esztergom, except in case of deliberate rejection, obstacle, deteriorated health condition or "sede vacante", when the process must be performed by the archbishop of Kalocsa. The so-called "second coronations" (during festive events) must be celebrated jointly. In addition, the document attached the collection of tithe after the coinage to Esztergom, but John of Esztergom had to waive his all right (i.e. superintendence over the royal churches, abbeys and provostries, ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the royal officials) in the territory of the church province of Kalocsa, in accordance with the proposal. The theses of the document was promoted by Andrew II himself too. However Pope Innocent refused to countersign the document on 12 February 1212, referring to its "harmful consequences" for the Kingdom of Hungary.

paragraph: Robert had a tense relationship with his metropolitan archbishop John, since Robert was the main preparer and submitter to the draft, which sought to reduce the privileges of Esztergom. They had conflicts in the subject of superintendence over the provostry of Óbuda, and the jurisdiction over the clerical staff in the royal court (mostly resided in Óbuda), in addition to the right of coronation of the queen consorts. The debate has been intensified during the marriage of Andrew II and his second spouse Yolanda de Courtenay in February 1215. Their wedding was celebrated in Székesfehérvár and John crowned Yolanda queen consort. In response, Robert sent a complaint to Pope Innocent III, because the coronation of the queens consort in Hungary had been traditionally the privilege of his see, according to his narration. After Robert's personal visit in Rome, the pope sent two legates, cardinals Pelagio Galvani and Stefano di Ceccano to Hungary in order to investigate the complaint and confirmed the privilege of the See of Veszprém in April 1216. The decision was confirmed by Pope Honorius III in 1220 too. When John was prohibited from the free use of the archdiocese's income by the pope for his involvement in the consecration of the allegedly juvenile Bartholomew le Gros, Bishop of Pécs, John had to ask for permission to cover the necessary expenses from the pope's two appointed trustees, Thomas of Eger and his old antipode Robert of Veszprém. The two bishops were entrusted to become the guardians of Bartholomew until reach adulthood. However an official inquiry ordered by the Holy See ascertained that the new bishop had already attained 30 years, the age required by canon law. After that John was acquitted of the charges and regained the right to financial supervision, while Thomas and Robert's mandate has ceased by January 1221.

paragraph: Robert participated in the Fourth Council of the Lateran in 1215, along with the two archbishops, and additionally five Hungarian and three Dalmatian bishops. Following that Robert became the most influential proponent of the Hungarian participation in the Fifth Crusade. In February 1217, Pope Honorius authorized him to absolve those noblemen from their vow, who were entrusted with protection of the realm, while Andrew II prepared for crusade. Robert even allowed Andrew to mortgage the gold crown of the first queen consort Gisela.

paragraph: Robert supported the foundation of monasteries in the territory of his diocese. For instance, he granted the collection right of tithe to the nuns of Veszprém Valley in 1210, upon the request of abbess Stella. During his episcopate, the abbeys of Almád and Hahót were (re-)established, while the hermits of St. James commenced their activities (they elevated into the formation of the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit decades later). Robert donated annually 100 silver denari to the chapter of Veszprém. He also donated the chapel of Bereg to the canons for the spiritual sake of the murdered Queen Gertrude of Merania in the first the anniversary of her burial. Upon Pope Honorius' order, Knight Hospitaller Göncöl was ordained priest then consecrated Archbishop of Split by Robert in 1221. Later he was criticized for this step by the local chapter.

paragraph: In 1225, Pope Honorius urged Andrew and Queen Yolanda to prohibit Muslims from employing Christians. Historian Nora Berend considers Robert, still as Bishop of Veszprém, was behind the charges, anticipating his future leading role on the issue. His appointment as archbishop in the next year showed his influence at the Roman Curia through his regular correspondence with the pope.

paragraph: Section::::Archbishop of Esztergom.

paragraph: Section::::Archbishop of Esztergom.:Appointment by the Holy See.

paragraph: Thomas of Esztergom died around November 1224, after less than a year of episcopate. The chapter could not agree unanimously about the new archbishop. Two rival factions emerged in the following months: a part of the canons nominated Desiderius of Csanád, while other members of the college supported James of Nyitra (or Nitra). Pope Honorius refused to recognize both elections. He referred those contradicted the canonical rules of procedure, thus he called for holding new elections, unless himself will appoint an archbishop to administer the province. In the second round, some canons continued to support Desiderius, while other emerging faction nominated archdeacon Thomas. Honorius again annulled the results and ordered four canons as envoys to Rome to represent their chapter by 6 January 1226. Three of them were guardian Nicholas and canons Andrew and John. However, there they failed to agree on a candidate acceptable to everyone, thus Honorius appointed Robert, who was "worthy of both body and soul", as Archbishop of Esztergom on 13 March 1226.

paragraph: Section::::Archbishop of Esztergom.:Persecution of non-Christians.

paragraph: Robert pledged to participate in Emperor Frederick II's crusade in 1227. But, instead, he had to postpone his intention of travel to the Holy Land; the nearly contemporaneous Alberic of Trois-Fontaines recorded that a Cuman chieftain's son visited Robert in 1227, asking the archbishop to baptize him together with his 12 retainers. The Cuman nobleman also announced that his father was also willing to come to Transylvania to be baptized along with his 2,000 subjects. Archbishop Robert accepted the offer and went to Transylvania, together with three Hungarian prelates, Bartholomew of Pécs, Bartholomew of Veszprém and Raynald of Belleville, Bishop of Transylvania. They met the Cuman chieftain, who was one "Boricius, fourth in rank among the major Cuman leaders", according to the chronicle of the Frisian Emo. At the meeting, the Hungarian prelates baptized Boricius and his retainers in the presence of Duke Béla. Pope Gregory IX expressed his joy over the missionaries' success in "Cumania" and in the neighboring "land of the Brodniks" in a letter to Robert on 31 July 1227. The conversion of thousands of Cumans was followed by the creation of the Diocese of Cumania. According to Alberic of Trois-Fontaines, Archbishop Robert consecrated a Dominican friar Theodoric bishop of the new diocese in 1228. Pope Gregory confirmed the consecration and urged the head of the Hungarian Dominicans to send new missionaries to the Cumans and praised Duke Béla who had decided to visit Cumania in the company of Archbishop Robert. Initially the diocese was subordinated to the archbishopric of Esztergom, however, on 13 September 1229, the pope exempted the Diocese of Cumania of the authority of the Archbishops of Esztergom, subjecting its bishop directly to the Holy See, as the relationship between the Cumans and their priests was often tense during Robert's supervision.

paragraph: The employment of Jews and Muslims to administer the royal revenues led Robert and the other subordinated prelates into conflict with King Andrew II. According to Pope Gregory's letter ("the news reached us from the report made by you [...]"), Robert made a complaint about Andrew to the Roman Curia, because the king continued to employ Jews and Muslims despite his former conflict with the Holy See over the issue. On 3 March 1231, Gregory authorized the archbishop to perform acts of religious censure to persuade Andrew to dismiss his non-Christian officials. Under duress, Andrew issued a Golden Bull in 1231, which confirmed that Muslims were banned from employment, and empowered the Archbishop of Esztergom to excommunicate the king if he failed to honor the provisions of the new Golden Bull. The document emphasizes specifically coinage among the public offices forbidden to non-Christians (Jews and Muslims), as royal mint was located in Esztergom and was part of the privileges of its archbishop.

paragraph: Although Andrew pledged to respect the privileges of the clergymen and to dismiss his non-Christian officials in his Golden Bull, he never fulfilled the latter promise. Robert excommunicated Palatine Denis, son of Ampud and other royal advisors (e.g. Master of the treasury Nicholas and a certain chamberlain Samuel of "Saracen" origin) and put Hungary under an interdict on 25 February 1232, because the employment of Jews and Muslims continued despite the Golden Bull of 1231. He was the first prelate, who used this ecclesiastical censure against the kingdom. Since the archbishop accused the Muslims of persuading Andrew to seize church property, Andrew restored properties to the archbishop, who soon suspended the interdict. Berend says Robert bemoaned the situation of the Catholic Church in the realm, as several clergymen lost their offices due to the presence of non-Christian financial experts. Pope Gregory sought an agreement and persuaded Robert to suspend the interdict. Upon Andrew's demand, he sent Cardinal Giacomo Pecoraria as his legate to Hungary and promised that nobody would be excommunicated without the pope's special authorization. Thus Robert was overshadowed in the conflict by that time. On 20 August 1233, in the forests of Bereg, he vowed in the presence of Giacomo Pecoraria and Bartholomew of Veszprém that he would not employ Jews and Muslims to administrate royal revenues, and would pay 10,000 marks as compensation for usurped Church revenues. Andrew repeated his oath in Esztergom in September before Robert, who absolved the king "from his sins". For the remaining time, their relationship improved; when the elderly Andrew, who had been widowed, married the 23-year-old Beatrice D'Este on 14 May 1234, Robert crowned the new queen (as archbishop, despite his former protests as Bishop of Veszprém against John of Esztergom), even though the king's sons – his protege Béla and Coloman – were sharply opposed to the marriage. John, Bishop of Bosnia, put Hungary under a new interdict in the first half of 1234, because Andrew had not dismissed his non-Christian officials despite his oath of Bereg. Andrew and, this time, Archbishop Robert protested against the bishop's act at the Holy See.

paragraph: Section::::Archbishop of Esztergom.:Ecclesiastical affairs and last years.

paragraph: Robert initiated the process of canonization for one of the 12th-century predecessors, Archbishop Lucas in 1231. He entrusted Bulcsú Lád, Bishop of Csanád to conduct an investigation and send his report to Rome. When papal legate Giacomo Pecoraria arrived to Hungary in 1233, he also dealt with the issue, but the protocol was lost and the canonization process postponed and the initiative failed in silence due to the Mongol invasion of 1241.

paragraph: The archbishop judged over the collection of tithe from the Szentes church (today Svätuše, Slovakia) in 1228. Following a grant of privilege by Andrew II in 1232, Robert had the right to judge over subjects who lived in the territory of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. However royal churches did not recognize his jurisdiction; for instance, Pope Gregory excommunicated Albert, provost of Arad in 1235, because he refused to acknowledge the authority of the archbishop. Albert only yielded to Archbishop Stephen Báncsa in 1246, promising that he would attend at the synods convoked by the archbishop. The abbey of Garamszentbenedek (today Hronský Beňadik, Slovakia) also protected against the archdiocese's suzerainty, as a result Robert seized one of their villages.

paragraph: Andrew II died on 21 September 1235. His son Béla IV was crowned king by Robert on 14 October 1235 in Székesfehérvár. On 29 August 1236, Robert issued two charters; first, he approved that Béla donated the St. Gerard church of Kispest together with its accessories, the St. Andrew chapel of Sasad (today a borough in Újbuda) and the St. Martin chapel of Budaörs to the Cistercian monastery founded by him in Bélakút (i.e., Pétervárad, present-day Petrovaradin, Serbia), which belonged to the church province of Kalocsa. In his second charter, Robert made it clear that the priest of the St. Gerard church had to be confirmed by the chapter of Esztergom with prior approval. Historian Géza Érszegi considers both documents as forgery, as a royal charter issued in 1243 confirms Béla granted the church to the Bélakút Abbey in that year. Béla founded the monastery itself in 1237, a year after Robert's two alleged documents.

paragraph: On 29 September 1239, a month before Robert's death, Béla gave permission to the archdiocese to build Víziváros (, a neighborhood of Esztergom), under the royal castle and the St. Adalbert Basilica. The borough was started to build during the brief episcopate of Robert's successor Matthias Rátót. Béla called Esztergom as ""locus primatis"" in his royal charter. On 18 October 1239, Robert baptized the new-born prince Stephen, heir apparent and oldest son of Béla IV. Robert died on 1 November 1239. Ascetic devices and cilices were found in his sacristy after his death.

description: prelate in the Kingdom of Hungary

wikidata_label: Robert

wikipedia_title: Robert, Archbishop of Esztergom


text:
James Howard
Bedford
John and Elizabeth Howard
Bedford
Bedford Modern School
Bedford School
James Howard
Deputy Lieutenant
Bedfordshire
JP
Bedford
Bedford
Bedford
Cardington, Bedfordshire

wikipedia_title:
James Howard (agriculturalist)
Bedford
John Howard (industrialist)
Bedford
Bedford Modern School
Bedford School
James Howard (agriculturalist)
Deputy lieutenant
Bedfordshire
Justice of the peace
Bedford
Bedford
Bedford
Cardington, Bedfordshire

categories: People from Bedford,1827 births,People educated at Bedford Modern School,English justices of the peace,Knights Bachelor,1915 deaths,English businesspeople

paragraph: Frederick Howard (industrialist)

paragraph: Sir Frederick Howard (28 September 1827 – 6 January 1915) was a British industrialist who, with his brother James Howard, founded J & F Howard Ironfounders in Bedford.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Frederick Howard was born on 28 September 1827, the youngest son of John and Elizabeth Howard of Caldwell House, Bedford. His parents were nonconformists and he was baptized at the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Bedford on 25 October 1827. He was educated at Bedford Modern School and Bedford School (1839–41).

paragraph: Howard succeeded his father in his agricultural machinery business in 1851. In partnership with his brother, James Howard, MP, he built the Britannia Iron Works at Bedford in 1857 and established J & F Howard Ironfounders. Howard was knighted in 1895. He was made Deputy Lieutenant of Bedfordshire and a JP for Bedford.

paragraph: In 1851, Frederick Howard married Elizabeth Street; they had at least four daughters and one son, living at 17 Cardington Road in Bedford. Elizabeth Howard predeceased her husband and Howard died in Bedford on 6 January 1915. He is buried at Cardington, Bedfordshire.

wikidata_label: Frederick Howard

wikipedia_title: Frederick Howard (industrialist)


text: Roman Catholic

text: Latin

text: Christophe de Villeneuve-Bargemon

text: willow

text: reed

text: paganism

text: heresy

text: Saint-Cannat

text: Église Saint-Cannat

categories: French Roman Catholic saints,5th-century Christian saints,People from Marseille,490 deaths

paragraph: Canus Natus

paragraph: Canus Natus was a French Roman Catholic Saint in the fifth century.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Canus Natus was born in the fifth century. He was white-haired upon his birth, a sign of wisdom at the time. The phrase "canus natus" in Latin means "he was born old."

paragraph: Section::::Religious vocation.

paragraph: He became a Roman Catholic hermit in a place called "Sauzet", described by Christophe de Villeneuve-Bargemon (1771–1829) as a "desert" with "willow trees."

paragraph: According to Henri François Xavier de Belsunce de Castelmoron (1671–1755), one of his miracles occurred when a dead reed he used as a cane was brought back to life, looking green again. This miracle led him to accept a tenure as the Bishop of Marseille in the second half of the fifth century. During his tenure, he strongly opposed paganism and heresy.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Upon retirement, he settled in Sauzet again, and died there on October 15, 490. After he was buried there, it became a hamlet and took his name. It is now known as the village of Saint-Cannat. Additionally, the Église Saint-Cannat in Marseille, built from 1526 to 1619, is named in his honour.

description: French Roman Catholic saint

wikidata_label: Canus Natus

wikipedia_title: Canus Natus