text:
Moscow
Russian Empire
Locarno
Switzerland
Andrei Bely
anthroposophy
Rudolf Steiner
Catholicism
Society of Jesus
Friedrich Nietzsche
Wolfgang Kasack

categories: 20th-century translators,Russian male poets,1947 deaths,Catholic philosophers,Russian Jesuits,Russian translators,Russian Roman Catholics,Converts to Roman Catholicism from atheism or agnosticism,Writers from Moscow,1879 births,Russian emigrants to Switzerland,Russian literary historians,Pseudonymous writers

paragraph: Lev Kobylinsky

paragraph: Lev Lvovich Kobylinsky (; born on 2 August 1879, Moscow, Russian Empire - 17 November 1947, Locarno, Switzerland) was a poet, translator, theorist of symbolism, the Christian philosopher and historian of literature. His pseudonym was Ellis.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Lev Kobylinsky was born in Moscow. He was an illegitimate son of the director of private gymnasium Lev Polivanoff. In 1902 he graduated from the law faculty of Moscow University. Together with Andrei Bely organized poetic circle of " Argonauts ". In the years 1904–1909 an active member of the magazine "Libra". In the years 1910–1917, along with Andrew White and Emily Medtner founded the publishing house "Musaget". He emigrated to Switzerland in 1911. Like his friend Andrei Bely, became interested in anthroposophy of Rudolf Steiner, but later he accepted Catholicism and joined the Society of Jesus. Ellis wrote literary and philosophical works in German. He died in Locarno, Switzerland.

paragraph: Section::::Alignment.

paragraph: Christian worldview Ellis Kobylinsky was not orthodox.

paragraph: Ellis defended the idea of reincarnation in his view the multiplicity of personalities - the result of the sinfulness of human nature. He considered the highest form of art symbolism and was a supporter of the aristocratic individualism and fan of Friedrich Nietzsche. His intuition considered as the essence of the symbolic contemplation, contemplation logically distinguishing purely intellectual, artistic and mystical.

paragraph: Section::::Creativity.

paragraph: Ellis's poems "written under the influence of Soloviev, Bryusov, Bely and Balmont, according to the religious understanding of the world and the quest that come from the children's proximity to supermaterial world, that of religion permeated the life of the Middle Ages".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Criticism

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Immorteli." In 2 vols., 1904

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Russian Symbolists', 1910

paragraph: BULLET::::- «Vigilemus», 1914

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collections of poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- «Stigmata», 1911

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Argo: Two books of poetry and the poem", 1914

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philosophical writings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Platon und Solowjew, Mainz, 1926

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christliche Weisheit, Basel, 1929 ("Christian wisdom")

paragraph: BULLET::::- WA Joukowski, Paderborn, 1933

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander Puschkin, der religiose Genius Russlands, Ölten, 1948

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Kingdom of Saint Peter"

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ellis". Poems. Tomsk: Aquarius, 1996.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ellis". Russian Symbolists. Tomsk: Aquarius, 1996. - 288.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ellis". Unpublished and Uncollected. Tomsk: Aquarius, 2000. - 460.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baudelaire" "Flowers of Evil" and the prose poem in translation Ellis. Tomsk: Aquarius, 1993. - 400 s.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nefed'ev GV Russian symbolism, from spiritualism to anthroposophy. Two documents to the biography of Ellis / / New Literary Review. Number 39. 1999. - P.119-140.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kudryavtseva EL "I - XIII century man ...": the biography of Ellis / / HIDDEN Literature: Research and materials. Ivanovo, Vol. 2. S. 281-288.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renata von Maydell. "hasten quietly": the history of the occult interests Ellis / / New Literary Review. Number 51. 2001. - P.214-239.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wolfgang Kasack "Lexicon Russian Literature of the 20th Century" = Lexikon der russischen Literatur ab 1917. - M .: RIC "Culture", 1996. - 492. - 5000 copies. - - S. 482.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.poesis.ru/poeti-poezia/ellis/biograph.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20130920112423/http://www.silverage.ru/poets/ellis_bio.html

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://istina.rin.ru/philosofy/text/4376.html

description: Russian poet and translator

wikidata_label: Lev Kobylinsky

wikipedia_title: Lev Kobylinsky


text:
Liberal Party
Dukinfield
Lancashire
Ashton-under-Lyne
Hugh Mason
Member of Parliament
Stalybridge
Flintshire County Council
Member of Parliament
Flint Boroughs
Disestablishment
Church in Wales
Self-Government
Justice of the Peace
Denbighshire
Flintshire

categories: Liberal Party (UK) councillors,UK MPs 1910–1918,1849 births,People from Lancashire (before 1974),1913 deaths,Liberal Party (UK) MPs for Welsh constituencies

paragraph: James Woolley Summers

paragraph: James Woolley Summers (24 March 1849 – 1 January 1913) was a British Liberal Party politician.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: He was born in Dukinfield, Lancashire on 24 March 1849, the son of John Summers of Sunnyside, Ashton-under-Lyne. He married in 1883, Edith Mason, daughter of Hugh Mason, Member of Parliament for Ashton-under-Lyne. They had one son and one daughter, Lilias.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was an Iron Master and Chairman of John Summers and Co., Ltd. He was a member of the Stalybridge Town Council and School Board. He was a member of the Flintshire County Council and was its Chairman from 1904 to 1910. He was Member of Parliament for the Liberal seat of Flint Boroughs from 1910 until his death. He was first elected at the General Election of January 1910, holding the seat for the Liberals. He held the seat at the following General Election;

paragraph: He was in favour of the Disestablishment of the Church in Wales. He was in favour of Self-Government for Ireland in purely Irish affairs subject to the supreme authority of the Imperial Parliament. He served as a Justice of the Peace in Lancashire, Denbighshire and Flintshire.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Who Was Who

paragraph: BULLET::::- British parliamentary election results 1885–1918, Craig, F. W. S.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Who Was Who; http://www.ukwhoswho.com

description: British politician

wikidata_label: James Woolley Summers

wikipedia_title: James Woolley Summers


text:
Phillip Drummond
Diff'rent Strokes
Maude
Lethbridge
Banff School of Fine Arts
Canadian Army
World War II
American Academy of Dramatic Arts
Don Rickles
naturalized
Stratford Festival
Eugene O'Neill
The Iceman Cometh
The New York Times
Broadway theatre
Candide
Advise and Consent
An Enemy of the People
Uncle Vanya
On Borrowed Time
Off Broadway
Steambath
Dark Shadows
Don Briscoe
Actors Federal Credit Union
Lovers and Other Strangers
Woody Allen
Bananas
Bea Arthur
Maude
Phillip Drummond
Diff'rent Strokes
Harlem
The Facts of Life
Gary Coleman
The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
Bonar Bain
Maude
stroke
Livermore, California

categories: Canadian male film actors,People from Livermore, California,2013 deaths,People educated at Western Canada High School,Canadian military personnel of World War II,Canadian emigrants to the United States,Male actors from Alberta,Canadian Army personnel,People from Lethbridge,Twin people from the United States,Identical twin male actors,Twin people from Canada,20th-century American male actors,Canadian male television actors,20th-century Canadian male actors,1923 births

paragraph: Conrad Bain

paragraph: Conrad Stafford Bain (February 4, 1923 – January 14, 2013) was a Canadian/American actor and comedian and character actor. His television credits include a leading role as Phillip Drummond in the sitcom "Diff'rent Strokes" and as Dr. Arthur Harmon on "Maude".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Conrad Bain was born in Lethbridge, Alberta, the son of Jean Agnes (née Young) and Stafford Harrison Bain,

paragraph: who was a wholesaler. He studied at the Banff School of Fine Arts before serving in the Canadian Army during World War II. He later studied in New York at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, graduating in 1948; one of his classmates was comedian Don Rickles. Bain became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1946.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After a stint at the Stratford Festival in Canada, Bain had further success as a stage actor in the 1956 revival of Eugene O'Neill's "The Iceman Cometh". "The New York Times" reviewer noted that his role was "especially well acted." Bain's Broadway theatre credits include "Candide", "Advise and Consent", "An Enemy of the People", "Uncle Vanya", and "On Borrowed Time". Off Broadway, he appeared in the original run of "Steambath". While doing stage work in New York City, Bain also found work on television, appearing in the cult supernatural soap opera "Dark Shadows" as the town innkeeper, Mr. Wells, during seasons 1 and 2. His character was killed off by werewolf Chris Jennings (Don Briscoe).

paragraph: In the early 1960s, Bain was one of the principal organizers of the Actors Federal Credit Union. In an article in the Credit Union Times, he recalled that "the effort grew out of the fact that, at least in the world of financial services, actors and other performers got no respect and, more importantly, no access to credit."

paragraph: He wrote:

paragraph: Bain served as the credit union's first president.

paragraph: In the early 1970s, Bain appeared in New York–based films like "Lovers and Other Strangers" and Woody Allen's "Bananas" before achieving national recognition for his work in television. He is best known for his roles as Dr. Arthur Harmon, Bea Arthur's title character's conservative nemesis, who married her best friend, Vivian, in "Maude" (1972–78) and as Park Avenue millionaire Phillip Drummond in "Diff'rent Strokes" (1978–86), in which he adopted two African-American orphaned boys from Harlem, Willis and Arnold, to live with him and his daughter, Kimberly, and housekeeper, Mrs. Garrett. In 1979, he played Phillip Drummond in an episode of "The Facts of Life". In 1996, Bain reprised his role of Phillip Drummond along with Gary Coleman as Arnold Jackson on the series finale of "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Bain had two sons and a daughter with Monica Sloan (1923-2009), to whom he was married in 1945 until her death in 2009. His identical twin brother was actor Bonar Bain (1923-2005), who once played Arnold Harmon, the twin brother of Conrad's "Maude" character, Dr. Arthur Harmon.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Bain died from complications following a stroke on January 14, 2013, in Livermore, California, three weeks before his 90th birthday. His body was cremated.

description: Canadian-American actor, personality, entertainer, and activist.

wikidata_label: Conrad Bain

wikipedia_title: Conrad Bain


text: New Bedford, Massachusetts

text: landscape

text: painter

text: draughtsman

text: Tufts School of the Museum of Fine Arts

text: Académie Julian

text: Adolphe William Bouguereau

text: Tony Robert-Fleury

text: Léon Bonnat

text: William Brymner

text: Montreal

text: Ottawa

text: Ottawa School of Art

text: Pegi Nicol MacLeod

text: Robert Tait McKenzie

text: Royal Canadian Academy of Arts

text: Ontario Society of Artists

text: Antilles

text: Gaspé

text: Gatineau

text: Quebec

text: Algonquin Park

text: Ontario

text: Canadian Art Club

text: Toronto

text: portrait

text: marine

text: genre scenes

text: oil

text: watercolour

text: pastel

text: World's Columbian Exposition

text: Paris World's Fair exhibition

text: Louisiana Purchase Exhibition

text: retrospective

text: National Gallery of Canada

text: British Empire Exhibition

text: National Gallery of Canada

text: Winnipeg Art Gallery

text: Musée d’Orsay

text: Franklin Peleg Brownell on klinkhoff.ca

text: Valentin Gallery

categories: Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts,1857 births,1946 deaths,20th-century Canadian painters,Alumni of the Académie Julian

paragraph: Franklin Brownell

paragraph: Franklin Peleg Brownell (July 27, 1857 – March 13, 1946) born in New Bedford, Massachusetts was a landscape painter, draughtsman and teacher active in Canada.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Brownell studied at the Boston Tufts School of the Museum of Fine Arts in 1879 and at the Académie Julian in Paris from 1880 to 1883 under Adolphe William Bouguereau, Tony Robert-Fleury and Léon Bonnat. There he met fellow expatriate and Canadian painter William Brymner.

paragraph: After spending some time in Montreal, Brownell moved to Ottawa in 1886 to take up the position of Headmaster of the Ottawa School of Art until 1900. He accepted the same position as headmaster between 1900 and 1937 with the Women’s Art Association in Ottawa, later renamed the Art Association of Ottawa.

paragraph: Among his students Pegi Nicol MacLeod, Henri Masson and Robert Tait McKenzie.

paragraph: Brownell was elected a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts in 1895, and Ontario Society of Artists (1899–1907).

paragraph: Brownell had painted in the Antilles around 1913 and undertook a number of painting trips to the Gaspé and Gatineau regions of Quebec, to the Algonquin Park and other areas around Ottawa in Ontario. Brownell was a founding member of the Canadian Art Club in Toronto in 1907.

paragraph: Besides landscapes, he also produced portraits, flower studies, marine and genre scenes in oil, watercolour and pastel.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1893 Chicago World's Columbian Exposition

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1900 he won a bronze medal at the Paris World's Fair exhibition for "the photographer"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1904, Louisiana Purchase Exhibition, St Louis,

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1922, he was honored with a retrospective exhibition of his work at the National Gallery of Canada.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924–25, British Empire Exhibition, 1924–25

paragraph: Section::::Collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Gallery of Canada

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winnipeg Art Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Musée d’Orsay

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franklin Peleg Brownell on klinkhoff.ca

paragraph: BULLET::::- Valentin Gallery: Edmond Dyonnet "Franklin Brownell Biography"

alias:
Franklin Peleg Brownell
Franklin P. Brownell
Peleg Franklin Brownell
Franklin Pèleg Brownell

description: Canadian painter and teacher (1856 - 1946)

wikidata_label: Franklin Brownell

wikipedia_title: Franklin Brownell


text: American

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Diocese of Lubbock

text: Pope Francis

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

wikipedia_title: List of Catholic bishops in the United States

wikipedia_title: Lists of popes, patriarchs, primates, archbishops, and bishops

categories: Catholics from Texas,American Roman Catholic bishops,Clergy from Dallas,1954 births,Living people

paragraph: Robert Milner Coerver

paragraph: Robert Milner Coerver (born June 6, 1954) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church serving as the Bishop for the Diocese of Lubbock since 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: On June 27, 1980, Coerver was ordained to the priesthood. Pope Francis appointed Coerver bishop for the Diocese of Lubbock on September 27, 2016. On November 21, 2016, Coerver was consecrated as bishop.

paragraph: Prior to becoming the Bishop of Lubbock, Bishop Coerver was the pastor at St. Rita's Parish in Dallas, Texas.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Lubbock Official Site

wikidata_label: Robert Milner Coerver

wikipedia_title: Robert Milner Coerver


text:
American football
quarterback
Oakland Raiders
National Football League
college football
Tennessee
Pittsburgh
Buffalo Bills
2017 NFL Draft
Bartram Trail High School
St. Johns, Florida
football
touchdowns
University of Tennessee
Derek Dooley
2012
Vanderbilt
Butch Jones
Justin Worley
Neyland Stadium
Austin Peay
Oregon
Autzen Stadium
Florida
Ben Hill Griffin Stadium
Gainesville, Florida
Alabama
Ole Miss
Joshua Dobbs
South Carolina
Kentucky
University of Pittsburgh
2015
Pat Narduzzi
Chad Voytik
Iowa
Pittsburgh
National Champion
Clemson Tigers
2017 Senior Bowl
New Orleans Saints
Daniel Jeremiah
Charles Davis
Senior Bowl
Chicago Bears
John Fox's
NFL Scouting Combine
Indianapolis, Indiana
bench press
three-cone drill
40-yard dash
Buffalo Bills
2017 NFL Draft
T. J. Yates
Cardale Jones
Los Angeles Chargers
Baltimore Ravens
Tyrod Taylor
New York Jets
New Orleans Saints
Nick O'Leary
Los Angeles Chargers
Indianapolis Colts
played in a snowstorm
Jacksonville Jaguars
Jalen Ramsey
Cleveland Browns
Josh Allen
AJ McCarron
Oakland Raiders
Baltimore Ravens
0.0 passer rating
Los Angeles Chargers
Derek Anderson
Houston Texans
Zay Jones
pick-six
Johnathan Joseph
Sean McDermott
Indianapolis Colts
Monday Night Football
New England Patriots
Chicago Bears
Matt Barkley
New York Jets
bye week
Detroit Lions
Denver Broncos
Oakland Raiders
Christian

wikipedia_title: 2012 Vanderbilt Commodores football team

wikipedia_title: 2013 Austin Peay Governors football team

wikipedia_title: 2014 South Carolina Gamecocks football team

wikipedia_title: 2017 College Football Playoff National Championship

wikipedia_title: List of NFL quarterbacks who have posted a passer rating of zero

categories: Sportspeople from Jacksonville, Florida,Players of American football from Florida,American football quarterbacks,Buffalo Bills players,Oakland Raiders players,1994 births,Pittsburgh Panthers football players,Living people

paragraph: Nathan Peterman

paragraph: Nathan Michael Peterman (born May 4, 1994) is an American football quarterback for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Tennessee before transferring to Pittsburgh, and was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the fifth round of the 2017 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Despite a prolific college career at Pittsburgh, Peterman struggled with the Bills, drawing notoriety for his poor play; after throwing five interceptions in the first half of his first NFL start, he eventually set the league record for most interceptions thrown with less than 100 career passing attempts. He was released by the Bills less than two years after being drafted, throwing 12 interceptions to just three touchdowns. Peterman signed with the Raiders soon after his release.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Peterman attended Bartram Trail High School in St. Johns, Florida. While at Bartram Trail, he played for the Bears football team. As a senior, he passed for 2,392 yards and 36 touchdowns. Peterman was rated as a four-star recruit and committed to the University of Tennessee to play college football under head coach Derek Dooley.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:University of Tennessee.

paragraph: In 2012, Peterman redshirted in first year at Tennessee. After the Vanderbilt game, Dooley was fired as head coach.

paragraph: After his redshirt freshman year, Peterman's head coach was Butch Jones. Peterman was one of the three backup quarterbacks as Justin Worley won the starting job in the offseason. Peterman made his collegiate debut in a home game at Neyland Stadium against Austin Peay in relief of Worley in a 45–0 victory. He was 4-of-8 passing for 28 yards against the Governors. After the game against #2 Oregon at Autzen Stadium, where Tennessee was defeated by a score of 59–14, Worley was benched in favor of Peterman. Peterman made his first career start against #19 Florida at Ben Hill Griffin Stadium in Gainesville, Florida. He was injured in the game and was eventually benched for Worley during the game after completing 4-of-11 passes for only five yards and two interceptions. The injury ended up being a broken hand. Overall, Peterman appeared in four games that season, completing 10-of-23 passes for 45 yards and two interceptions.

paragraph: As a sophomore in 2014, he remained behind Worley on the depth chart. He played in seven games and made one start, which came against #4 Alabama at Neyland Stadium, after Worley was injured in the 34–3 loss to #3 Ole Miss. Despite getting the start, Joshua Dobbs relieved Peterman in the game. Dobbs started the next game against South Carolina and kept the job for the rest of the season. Peterman made one last appearance as a member of the Volunteers against Kentucky. In relief of Dobbs in the 50–16 victory, Peterman finished the game. He completed 10-of-20 passes for 49 yards on the 2014 season.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:University of Pittsburgh.

paragraph: Peterman transferred as a graduate transfer to the University of Pittsburgh in 2015. Under new head coach Pat Narduzzi, Peterman entered the season as the backup to Chad Voytik, but replaced him as the starter after two games. In his first start, he completed 20-of-29 passes for 219 yards with two touchdowns and two interceptions in a 27–24 loss to Iowa. He kept the starting job for the rest of the year, completing 193-of-314 passes for 2,287 yards, 20 touchdowns, and eight interceptions as the Panthers finished with an 8–5 record.

paragraph: Peterman returned as a starter his senior year in Pittsburgh. Peterman had a career day against the eventual National Champion Clemson Tigers on November 12. He threw for 308 yards and five touchdowns in the 43–42 victory. Pittsburgh's victory was Clemson's only loss of the season. He threw for 2,855 yards with 27 touchdowns, and seven interceptions as the Panthers once again finished with an 8–5 record.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: On November 16, 2016, it was announced that Peterman accepted an invitation to play in the 2017 Senior Bowl. During Senior Bowl practices, Peterman impressed scouts and media in attendance after he displayed his decent size, accuracy, mobility, and his powerful arm. He met with representatives from the New Orleans Saints during the week and was praised by NFL analysts Daniel Jeremiah and Charles Davis. On January 28, 2017, Peterman played in the Senior Bowl and completed 16 of 23 pass attempt for 153-yards and a touchdown during the North 16–15 loss to the South. Peterman played for Chicago Bears head coach John Fox's North team during the game. Peterman was one of 15 collegiate quarterbacks who received an invitation to participate at the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis, Indiana. He completed the majority of combine drills, but opted to skip the bench press. Peterman's performance was mediocre, as he finished fifth among quarterbacks in the three-cone drill, seventh in the 40-yard dash and tied for sixth in the vertical jump and short shuttle.

paragraph: The Buffalo Bills selected Peterman in the fifth round (171st overall pick) of the 2017 NFL Draft, as the eighth quarterback selected..

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Buffalo Bills.:2017: Rookie year.

paragraph: Peterman was brought in to compete for the Bills' backup quarterback position along with T. J. Yates and Cardale Jones. Peterman performed well enough to win the backup quarterback job after Jones was traded to the Los Angeles Chargers. Following the third preseason game against the Baltimore Ravens, Peterman became the only healthy quarterback for the Bills as starter Tyrod Taylor and Yates both sustained concussions in the game. This left open the possibility of Peterman starting for the team in Week 1, but Taylor recovered in time to start the season opener against the New York Jets. Had Peterman started the game, he would have been the second-lowest-drafted rookie quarterback to start a season opener since the NFL-AFL merger. During Week 10 against the New Orleans Saints, he made his NFL debut with less than five minutes left in the game. With the Bills trailing 47–3, Peterman led a scoring drive completing 7 of 10 passes for 79 yards and one touchdown as the Bills lost by a score of 47–10. His first career touchdown pass was a 7-yard pass to tight end Nick O'Leary.

paragraph: On November 15, 2017, Peterman was named the Bills' starting quarterback for the team's Week 11 game against the Los Angeles Chargers after struggles from Taylor. During the game, Peterman threw five interceptions in the first half and was relieved by Taylor. His five interceptions tied an NFL record for the most thrown in a player's first career start. Due to Taylor having suffered a knee injury in Week 13, Peterman started the Week 14 game against the Indianapolis Colts. During the game, which was played in a snowstorm, he completed 5 of 10 passes for 57 yards and a touchdown before leaving the game in the third quarter with a concussion. The Bills won in overtime by a score of 13–7.

paragraph: On January 7, 2018, Peterman entered the Bills' Wild Card Round game against the Jacksonville Jaguars with 1:43 remaining in the 4th quarter after Taylor suffered a concussion. He managed to convert two first downs for the Buffalo offense before throwing a critical interception to Jaguars cornerback Jalen Ramsey, thus sealing the 10–3 win for Jacksonville and ending the Bills' season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Buffalo Bills.:2018.

paragraph: In the 2018 offseason, the Bills traded Taylor to the Cleveland Browns. Peterman competed with rookie first-round draft pick Josh Allen and free-agent signing AJ McCarron for the starting quarterback position. On September 3, 2018, the Bills named Peterman their opening day starter over Allen after trading McCarron to the Oakland Raiders.

paragraph: Starting in Week 1 against the Baltimore Ravens, Peterman only threw for 24 yards, throwing two interceptions and not leading the team to a first down until the third quarter. He was benched in favor of Josh Allen after posting a 0.0 passer rating as the Bills lost 47–3.

paragraph: On September 12, 2018, the Bills named Allen the starter for Week 2 against the Los Angeles Chargers, relegating Peterman to the bench. Four weeks later, the Bills signed Derek Anderson to serve as Allen's backup.

paragraph: After Allen was injured against the Houston Texans and with Anderson inactive, Peterman entered the game and threw a touchdown to Zay Jones to put Buffalo in the lead. However, after the Texans tied the game at 13 late in the fourth quarter, Peterman threw two interceptions that cost the Bills the game, including a pick-six to cornerback Johnathan Joseph that proved to be Houston's winning score. On October 17, 2018, Bills head coach Sean McDermott confirmed that Anderson would start Week 7 against the Indianapolis Colts with Allen ruled out. However, when Anderson was hurt on "Monday Night Football" against the New England Patriots, Peterman played against the Chicago Bears on November 4. In what would become Peterman's final start as a Bill, he rushed for a touchdown, snapping the team's streak of 11 straight quarters and 39 straight possessions without a touchdown, and threw for a career-high 188 yards, but also tossed three interceptions, including a pick six, as the Bills lost to the Bears by a score of 41–9.

paragraph: Peterman was benched in favor of another mid–season signing, Matt Barkley, for the Week 10 matchup against the New York Jets. Barkley led the Bills to a 41–10 win over the Jets. With the Bills entering their bye week and Allen expected to be ready to play by the time of their next game, the Bills released Peterman on the evening of November 12. He finished his Buffalo career with four total touchdowns (three passing, one rushing), 12 interceptions and a passer rating of 32.5.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Oakland Raiders.

paragraph: After workouts with the Detroit Lions and Denver Broncos, Peterman was signed to the Oakland Raiders as part of their practice squad on December 19, 2018. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Raiders on January 1, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Career statistics.:Regular season.

paragraph: Peterman's 2017 and 2018 seasons both rank in the top 25 for interception percentage among all NFL quarterbacks since 1990 (minimum 30 attempts/season).

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: The younger son of a pastor, Peterman credits his Christian faith in helping him face adversity. He is married to Morgan Peterman (), his college girlfriend from Tennessee.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oakland Raiders bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buffalo Bills bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tennessee Volunteers bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pittsburgh Panthers bio

description: American football quarterback

wikidata_label: Nathan Peterman

wikipedia_title: Nathan Peterman


text:
Cuyo, Palawan
Manila Symphony Society
World War II
In 1949
Benito Legarda
Katrina Legarda

wikipedia_title:
Cuyo, Palawan
Manila Symphony Orchestra
World War II
1949 Philippine Senate election
Benito Legarda
Katrina Legarda

categories: 1998 deaths,1899 births,Filipino suffragists,Filipino editors,Ambassadors of the Philippines to Vietnam,Filipino women diplomats,Filipino beauty pageant winners,People from Palawan

paragraph: Trinidad Legarda

paragraph: Trinidad Fernandez Legarda (28 March 1899 – 1998) was a Filipina suffragist, clubwoman, philanthropist, and editor. She was the first woman ambassador from the Philippines, when she was appointed in 1958.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Trinidad Fernandez y Rodriguez was born in Cuyo, Palawan, the daughter of Clemente Fernandez and Vicenta Rodriguez. While she was still a teenager, Trinidad Fernandez trained to be a teacher, taught school in her hometown, and began working as secretary to an American clubwoman in Manila. She was a beauty queen as a young woman, holding the title Queen of the Manila Carnival in 1924.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Trinidad Fernandez Legarda was English-language editor of "The Woman's Outlook", a pro-suffrage publication in the Philippines. She was also president of the National Federation of Women's Clubs, and a leader in the Filipina suffrage movement. Her 1931 essay in "Philippine Magazine", "Philippine Women and the Vote", drew from American rhetoric, but also quoted a Hindu proverb, in making the case for suffrage. She was president of the Manila Symphony Society from 1933 to 1958.

paragraph: During World War II she set up a convalescent home for veterans and war widows. In 1946, she led the reorganization of the National Federation of Women's Clubs, which had lost most of its assets during the war. In 1949, she ran unsuccessfully for a senate seat.

paragraph: She represented the Philippines at international meetings after World War II. In 1953, Trinidad F. Legarda was named Civic Leader of the Year. She was appointed ambassador to South Vietnam in 1958, and served in that role until 1962. She was the first woman ambassador to represent the Philippines.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Trinidad Fernandez married lawyer Benito Legarda IV (grandson of Benito Legarda) in 1925. They had three children, Benito (b. 1926), Filomena (1928-1931), and Carmen (1932-1986). She was widowed in 1973, and died in 1998, aged 99 years. Attorney and advocate Katrina Legarda is her granddaughter.

wikidata_label: Trinidad Fernandez Legarda

wikipedia_title: Trinidad Legarda


text:
Presbyterian
political faction
Liliuokalani
Kingdom of Hawaii
Kamehameha III
Hawaii
Bible
Lahaina
Minister of the Interior
Keoni Ana
Hana
Lorrin A. Thurston
Liliuokalani
Lahainaluna High School
coolie
Lanai
Niihau
Ricter Scale
Kalākaua
Ministry of the Interior
Liliuokalani
Charles T. Gulick
Committee of Safety
The Washington Evening Star
Julius A. Palmer Jr.
James H. Blount
Blount Report
Neil Thomas Proto
Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen
hula
Bishop's Ring
Krakatoa
Charles Henry Hitchcock
William Henry Pickering
Robert Stawell Ball
Mauna Loa
Laysan
Haiku Sugar Company
Henri Berger
Royal Hawaiian Band
Forest Grove, Oregon
dementia
Kawaiahaʻo Church
leap year

wikipedia_title:
Presbyterian Church (USA)
Political faction
Liliʻuokalani
Hawaiian Kingdom
Kamehameha III
Hawaii (island)
Bible
Lahaina, Hawaii
Kuhina Nui
Keoni Ana
Hana, Hawaii
Lorrin A. Thurston
Liliʻuokalani
Lahainaluna High School
Coolie
Lanai
Niihau
Richter magnitude scale
Kalākaua
Ministry of the Interior (Hawaii)
Liliʻuokalani
Charles T. Gulick
Committee of Safety (Hawaii)
The Washington Star
Julius A. Palmer Jr.
James Henderson Blount
Blount Report
Neil Thomas Proto
Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen
Hula
Bishop's Ring
Krakatoa
Charles Henry Hitchcock
William Henry Pickering
Robert Stawell Ball
Mauna Loa
Laysan
Haiku Mill
Henri Berger
Royal Hawaiian Band
Forest Grove, Oregon
Dementia
Kawaiahaʻo Church
Leap year

categories: 1909 deaths,Presbyterian missionaries in Hawaii,Editors of Hawaii newspapers,1827 births,American expatriates in the Kingdom of Hawaii,Kingdom of Hawaii Protestants,American Presbyterian ministers

paragraph: Sereno Edwards Bishop

paragraph: Sereno Edwards Bishop (February 7, 1827 – March 23, 1909) was a scientist, Presbyterian minister and publisher. He was an avid proponent of the United States annexation of the Hawaiian Islands, and aligned himself with the political faction who overthrew the monarchy under Liliuokalani.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was born in the Kingdom of Hawaii during the reign of Kamehameha III, to missionaries Rev. Artemas Bishop and Elizabeth Edwards Bishop at Kaʻawaloa on the island of Hawaii. At the time of his birth, his father was in the process of translating the Bible into the Hawaiian language. His mother died three weeks after he was born, and his father remarried in December to Delia Stone Bishop.

paragraph: Section::::Ministry and teaching profession.

paragraph: At the age of twelve, he was sent back to the mainland for his education, graduating from Amherst College and Auburn Theological Seminary.

paragraph: He married Cornelia Ann Session on May 31, 1852, and was ordained into the ministry in June at the Third Presbyterian Church of New York City. The newlyweds departed immediately for Hawaii, arriving January 15, 1853. He accepted a position as Chaplain of the American Seaman's Friend Society in Lahaina, replacing Rev. Townsend E. Taylor. In 1854 he was elected as an officer for The Hawaiian Missionary Society. Minister of the Interior Keoni Ana licensed him in August to perform marriages in the Kingdom of Hawaii. Between 1862 and 1865, Bishop lived in Hana as a missionary with the American Missionary Association. His social ties to the family of Lorrin A. Thurston, who would be a key player in removing Liliuokalani from power, dated back to when Bishop became principal of Lahainaluna High School in 1865.

paragraph: The Salvadorian ship "Dolores Ugarte" docked in Honolulu in August 1870 with several hundred Chinese coolie laborers, either indentured or slave labor, locked in the cramped ship's hold. Forty-two of the most seriously ill were taken off and abandoned, apparently by the ship's captain who saw no profit in taking them further. News of the incident created a controversy in Hawaii, not the least of which was a letter Bishop wrote to the "Pacific Commercial Advertiser", taking his fellow Christians to task for their seemingly lack of reactions, "Where is your public sentiment, your indignation meetings? Your resistless popular wrath?" "The Hawaiian Gazette" rebutted the controversy, and Bishop in particular, while defending the captain.

paragraph: On Sunday night, February 19, 1871, an earthquake occurred off the island of Lanai. According to the Environmental Center at the University of Hawaii, it was felt as far south as the island of Hawaii and as far north as Niihau. Bishop was living in a house provided for the principal of Lahainaluna High School, and reported that his house was destroyed in the shaking. He put the time at 10:15 p.m. Although the Ricter Scale did not exist in 1871, the UH Environmental Center estimated in 1985 that the quake was the equivalent of a 7.0 on that scale. His house was one of several that the government assessed as so badly damaged that it was easier to build a new one.

paragraph: Section::::Politics.

paragraph: The Bishops moved to Honolulu in 1877, and he became employed by the Government Survey Department during the reign of King Kalākaua; the department not only created geographical maps but also subdivided and auctioned property. As part of the Ministry of the Interior, he was presented to Liliuokalani, at that time Princess Regent, at Iolani Palace on the occasion of her September 2, 1881 birthday celebration. Bishop's political leanings came more to the forefront during this period. Being a religious conservative, he was strongly opposed to any passage of a lottery bill. At odds with Minister of the Interior Charles T. Gulick he resigned from his government job in late 1885 or early 1886. He began to politically align himself with his old friend Lorrin A. Thurston, who would eventually form the Committee of Safety that overthrew the monarchy in January 1893. At the time Bishop resigned from the Government Survey Department, Thurston was making a successful run for Representative in the legislature of the Kingdom. "The Pacific Commercial Advertiser" of January 21, 1886 commented, "We really did expect better things from the Rev. S. E. Bishop than to find him lending his name to the campaign lies which Mr. L. A. Thurston and his political partners put forward to influence votes."

paragraph: Bishop took over the editorial desk of "The Friend" in 1887 and ran it until 1902. While some believed he used it to pursue his political agenda, others called it a "crowning service to this community and to humanity". He was a leader of the push towards Hawaii's annexation by the United States; at the same time, he was also steadfast in his opinion of the white man's superiority to the Hawaiian race. Annexation and racial issues co-mingled in what he wrote, and he stirred controversy. One of Bishop's frequent outlets, writing under the pseudonym Kamehameha, was "The Washington Evening Star". Therein he pressed for annexation while stressing that English was the language of the islands and that the typical Hawaiian was "average weakness of intellect is incapable of mastering the use of English." In both Hawaii's newspapers and in "The Washington Evening Star" under his Kamehameha alias, he targeted Liliuokalani's friend and personal assistant Julius A. Palmer Jr.

paragraph: He testified for James H. Blount for the 1893 Blount Report, expressing superiority of the white race, citing Hawaiians in all levels of government as "notoriously incompetent" and was opposed to voting enfranchisement for the Hawaiian race. Legal historian Neil Thomas Proto has stated that "Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen" was a retort to the insults hurled at Liliuokalani by Bishop. He had attacked her morals and religious faith, the coarse texture of her hair, and her facial expressions. As evidence of her moral shortcomings he accused her of dancing the hula that had been banned by missionaries but revived by King Kalākaua. Bishop refused to review her published book for "The Friend".

paragraph: Section::::Scientific observations.

paragraph: Bishop's Ring is a solar halo that occurs after a volcanic eruption. The first recorded detailed observation of it was by Sereno Bishop after the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa.

paragraph: He was a regular contributor to "The Hawaiian Star" newspaper on scientific subjects, from debating specific points of a Charles Henry Hitchcock publication on the origin of volcanoes, to offering explanations of sun spots. Bishop was well-read on contemporary astronomers of his day such as William Henry Pickering and Robert Stawell Ball. Several of his written works can be found in scientific publications of his era. His continuous contributions on the subjects of earth sciences and the solar system were indicative of his primary fields of scientific interest.

paragraph: In February 1907 he reported on the eruptions of Mauna Loa to the Washington D. C. newspaper "The Evening Star", with a detailed scientific history of volcanic eruptions in Hawaii. Several months later when a debate arose over the anticipated decline of the Hawaiian atoll Laysan, when some believed it was in the process of sinking into the ocean, Bishop provided a geological history of the atoll to "The Hawaiian Star".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: While still living on Maui, Bishop was a member of the Hawaii Evangelical Association, and was elected as vice president of the Haiku Sugar Company.

paragraph: In Honolulu, the Bishops made Fort Street Church their home church, and continued with that body when it merged with Oahu Bethel to become Bethel Union Church . Rev. Bishop became a Trustee with Bethel.

paragraph: Sereno and Cornelia celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary in 1902 with a party that provided entertainment by Henri Berger conducting the Royal Hawaiian Band. They were the parents of five children, all born while the family resided in Lahaina, but only two (John and Delia) survived him.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Edward Fletcher Bishop (1853–1875), died young while studying at Amherst College.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Charles Artemas Bishop (1855–1858), died young.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. George Sessions Bishop (1857–1858), died young.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. John Sessions Bishop (1859–1951), married Alice Moore and resettled in Forest Grove, Oregon. They had two children: Helen Cornelia Bishop and John Egbert Bishop.

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Elizabeth Delia Bishop (1862–1937), married Jonathan Shaw. The couple lived in Honolulu and had three children: Ruth Cornelia Shaw, Jessie Cunningham Shaw, Margaret Fenton Shaw Humphrey.

paragraph: Bishop died at his home on March 23, 1909. He had been in declining health for a couple of years, due to multiple strokes and the onset of dementia. He was cremated, and his ashes buried in the missionary cemetery at Kawaiahaʻo Church.

paragraph: Cornelia Bishop had established a boarding school for girls when they lived on Maui. Throughout their marriage, she was active in the Strangers' Friend Society, the Ladies' Benevolent Society of Fort Street Church and the Woman's Board of Missions. She outlived her husband by more than a decade, dying in a leap year on February 29, 1920. Her remains were also cremated and buried with her husband in the missionary cemetery at Kawaiahaʻo Church. Of her 94 years, 67 had been spent in the Hawaiian Islands.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inventory of the Sereno Edwards Bishop Collection, 1795–1937, bulk 1852–1884, Huntington Library, San Marino, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titus Coan Memorial Library – Rev. Sereno Edwards Bishop, D.D

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hawaiian Mission Houses Historic Site and Archives

wikidata_label: Sereno Edwards Bishop

wikipedia_title: Sereno Edwards Bishop


text:
Aragonese
princess
Ramiro I
Ermesinda
Sancho Ramírez
García Ramírez
Urgell
Ermengol IV
Santa María
Santa Cruz de la Serós
apanage
Santa Cecilia de Aibar
Cinco Villas
Sancho III of Pamplona
monastery of Leire
abbey of San Pedro de Siresa
Pope Gregory VII
Peter I
Saint-Pons-de-Thomières
Huesca

wikipedia_title:
Kingdom of Aragon
Infante
Ramiro I of Aragon
Ermesinda of Bigorre
Sancho Ramírez
García Ramírez (bishop)
County of Urgell
Ermengol IV, Count of Urgell
Santa María de Santa Cruz de la Serós
Santa Cruz de la Serós
Appanage
Aibar
Cinco Villas, Aragon
Sancho III of Pamplona
Monastery of Leyre
Abbey of San Pedro de Siresa
Pope Gregory VII
Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona
Saint-Pons-de-Thomières
Huesca

categories: 1097 deaths,1040s births,11th-century Spanish women

paragraph: Sancha of Aragon (died 1097)

paragraph: Sancha Ramírez (born 1045, died 1097) was an Aragonese princess, the daughter of King Ramiro I and Queen Ermesinda. She was the Countess of Urgell from 1063 until 1065 as the wife of Count Ermengol III. Her brothers Sancho Ramírez and García Ramírez became king of Aragon and bishop of Pamplona, respectively. During her brother's reign she played an important role in consolidating the kingdom of Aragon, which had been founded by her father in 1035.

paragraph: Around 1063, when she was only about 18 years old, Sancha married the much older count of Urgell. She was his fourth wife and he had been count since 1038. He died after only a few years of marriage in 1065. As a twenty-year-old widow, Sancha remained for a while in Urgell, appearing in acts beside he stepson, Count Ermengol IV. On 12 April 1065, she made a donation for the sake of her late husband's soul.

paragraph: When Sancha finally returned to Aragon she entered the convent Santa María of Santa Cruz de la Serós, the oldest house of nuns in Aragon, founded in 922. Her sister Urraca was already a nun there, having entered at their father's request in 1061. Her other sister, Theresa, later also entered the monastery, probably on her brother Sancho's orders because no suitable husband could be found for her. Sancha does not appear to have become a nun, but to have instead acted as administrator of the convent. She was a beneficiary of her brother's donations, and her estates formed almost an apanage ("infantazgo") of the royal family. They would form the nucleus of the monastery's later territory.

paragraph: On 27 October 1070 in the atrium of the abbey of Santa Cruz, before the abbess and the nuns, Sancha de Aibar, the mother of King Ramiro, gave to her granddaughter and namesake, the countess Sancha, the monastery of Santa Cecilia de Aibar with its appurtenances and revenues, the Villa Miranda in the Cinco Villas and the estate of San Pelayo de Atés. The elder Sancha had received the estate at Aibar with the monastery from Queen Jimena Fernández, the mother of Sancho III of Pamplona and thus grandmother of Ramiro. From Ramiro her son she received Miranda and San Pelayo after he became king. After her gift to her granddaughter she entered the convent of Santa Cruz. The younger Sancha was to enjoy the profits of her acquisitions until her own death, when they would pass to Santa Cruz. This donation and its stipulations is evidence that Sancha, although quite young, had no intention of remarrying as of 1070.

paragraph: In 1078, Sancha, acting on behalf of Santa Cruz, exchanged some land with the monastery of Leire. In 1079, she made a similar exchange of properties with San Juan de la Peña, this time accompanied by the abbess of Santa Cruz, Mindonia. She also administered the abbey of San Pedro de Siresa. In 1080, she witnessed the will of Count Sancho Galíndez.

paragraph: Sancha had the confidence of her brother. She judged cases along with the king and queen, and confirmed royal diplomas. In 1082, during a dispute between her brothers, the king gave the administration of the diocese of Pamplona and its revenues to Sancha. She managed it until the election of a new bishop, Pedro de Roda, in 1083. In her administration of both the abbey of Santa Cruz and the diocese of Pamplona, Sancha worked to further the Gregorian reforms. She was possibly the most important ally Pope Gregory VII had in the Iberian peninsula at the time.

paragraph: Sancha was present on 4 December 1094 when the church of San Juan de la Peña was consecrated and the body of her brother Sancho was interred. On 17 December 1096, she and her nephew, King Peter I, confirmed the donation made by Pedro de Roda, newly-made bishop of Huesca, to the monastery of Saint-Pons-de-Thomières after the conquest of the city of Huesca. On 5 April 1097, she confirmed her nephew's donation of the cathedral of Huesca to the church..

wikidata_label: Sancha d'Aragona

wikipedia_title: Sancha of Aragon (died 1097)


text: conservationist

text: Yukon

text: Alaska

text: Publishers Weekly

text: Curwood Castle

text: Owosso, Michigan

text: National Register of Historic Places

text: Owosso, Michigan

text: University of Michigan

text: Detroit

text: Canadian northwest

text: Yukon

text: Alaska

text: Curwood Castle

text: French chateau

text: Shiawassee River

text: Baraga County, Michigan

text: Huron Mountains

text: Roscommon, Michigan

text: Jack London

text: The River's End

text: Publishers Weekly

text: Back to God's Country

text: Nell Shipman

text: again by this title in 1953

text: John Wayne

text: Noah Beery Jr.

text: The Trail Beyond

text: film series

text: Kirby Grant

text: Corporal Rod Webb

text: Jean-Jacques Annaud

text: The Bear

text: National Register of Historic Places

text: Curwood Festival

text: L'Anse Township, Michigan

text: Mount Curwood

text: Back to God's Country

text: The Alaskan

text: The Ancient Highway

text: Back to God's Country (1927 film)

text: Back to God's Country (1953 film)

text: Rock Hudson

text: Hugh O'Brian

text: Baree, Son of Kazan

text: The Bear (1988 film)

text: 'Neath Canadian Skies

text: Dell Henderson

text: Call of the Klondike

text: Call of the Yukon

text: A Captain's Courage

text: Rayart Pictures

text: Caryl of the Mountains

text: Caryl of the Mountains

text: Code of the Mounted

text: The Country Beyond

text: The Country Beyond

text: Fangs of the Arctic

text: Phantom Patrol

text: Nikki, Wild Dog of the North

text: Jack Couffer

wikipedia_title:
Conservation movement
Yukon
Alaska
Publishers Weekly
Curwood Castle
Owosso, Michigan
National Register of Historic Places
Owosso, Michigan
University of Michigan
Detroit
Northwest Territories
Yukon
Alaska
Curwood Castle
Château
Shiawassee River
Baraga County, Michigan
Huron Mountains
Roscommon, Michigan
Jack London
The River's End (novel)
Publishers Weekly
Back to God's Country (1919 film)
Nell Shipman
Back to God's Country (1927 film)
Back to God's Country (1953 film)
John Wayne
Noah Beery Jr.
The Trail Beyond
Film series
Kirby Grant
Corporal Rod Webb
Jean-Jacques Annaud
The Bear (1988 film)
National Register of Historic Places
Curwood Festival
L'Anse Township, Michigan
Mount Curwood
Back to God's Country (1919 film)
The Alaskan
The Ancient Highway
Back to God's Country (1927 film)
Back to God's Country (1953 film)
Rock Hudson
Hugh O'Brian
Baree, Son of Kazan
The Bear (1988 film)
'Neath Canadian Skies
Dell Henderson
Call of the Klondike
Call of the Yukon
A Captain's Courage
Rayart Pictures
Caryl of the Mountains
Caryl of the Mountains
Code of the Mounted
The Country Beyond (1926 film)
The Country Beyond (1936 film)
Fangs of the Arctic
Phantom Patrol
Nikki, Wild Dog of the North
Jack Couffer

categories: People of the Klondike Gold Rush,People from Owosso, Michigan,Novelists from Michigan,1878 births,20th-century American male writers,Deaths from sepsis,20th-century American novelists,1927 deaths,Writers from Yukon,People of the Alaska Territory,American male journalists,University of Michigan alumni,American male novelists,American adventure novelists

paragraph: James Oliver Curwood

paragraph: James Oliver "Jim" Curwood (June 12, 1878 – August 13, 1927) was an American action-adventure writer and conservationist. His books were often based on adventures set in the Yukon or Alaska and ranked among the top-ten best sellers in the United States in the early 1920s, according to "Publishers Weekly." At least eighteen motion pictures have been based on or directly inspired by his novels and short stories; one was produced in three versions from 1919 to 1953. At the time of his death, Curwood was the highest paid (per word) author in the world.

paragraph: He built Curwood Castle as his residence in his hometown of Owosso, Michigan, and used one turret as his writing studio. The mansion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is now operated as a museum. The city commemorates him with an annual Curwood Festival.

paragraph: Section::::Biography and career.

paragraph: Curwood was born in Owosso, Michigan, the youngest of four children. Attending local schools, Curwood left high school before graduation. He passed the entrance exam to the University of Michigan and was allowed to enroll in the English department, where he studied journalism.

paragraph: After two years, Curwood quit college to become a reporter, moving to Detroit for work. In 1900, he sold his first story, while working for the "Detroit News-Tribune". By 1909 he had saved enough money to travel to the Canadian northwest, a trip that inspired his wilderness adventure stories. Because his novels sold well, Curwood could afford to return to Owosso and live there. He traveled to the Yukon and Alaska for several months each year for more inspiration. He wrote more than thirty adventure books.

paragraph: By 1922, Curwood had become very wealthy from the success of his writing. He fulfilled a childhood fantasy by building Curwood Castle in Owosso. Constructed in the style of an 18th-century French chateau, the estate overlooked the Shiawassee River. In one of the homes' two large turrets, Curwood set up his writing studio. He also owned a camp in a remote area in Baraga County, Michigan, near the Huron Mountains, as well as a cabin in Roscommon, Michigan.

paragraph: Curwood was an avid hunter in his youth; however, as he grew older, he became an advocate of environmentalism. He was appointed to the Michigan Conservation Commission in 1927. The change in his attitude toward wildlife is expressed in a quote from "The Grizzly King": "The greatest thrill is not to kill but to let live."

paragraph: In 1927, while on a fishing trip in Florida, Curwood was bitten on the thigh by what was believed to have been a spider, and he had an immediate allergic reaction. Health problems related to the bite escalated over the next few months as an infection developed. He died in Owosso at the age of 49, and was interred in Oak Hill Cemetery there in a family plot.

paragraph: Section::::Literary and film legacy.

paragraph: Curwood's adventure writing followed in the tradition of Jack London. Curwood set many of his works in the wilds of the Great Northwest and often used animals as lead characters ("Kazan"; "Baree, Son of Kazan", "The Grizzly King," and "Nomads of the North"). Many of Curwood's adventure novels also feature romance as primary or secondary plot consideration. This approach gave his work broad commercial appeal; his novels ranked on several best-seller lists in the early 1920s. His most successful work was his 1920 novel, "The River's End". The book sold more than 100,000 copies and was the fourth best-selling title of the year in the United States, according to "Publishers Weekly".

paragraph: Curwood's short stories and other pieces were published in various literary and popular magazines throughout his career. His bibliography includes more than 200 such articles, short stories, and serializations. His work was also published in Canada and the United Kingdom. Some of his books were translated into French, Italian, Russian, Spanish, Dutch, Swedish, Finnish and Polish, and published in those respective countries.

paragraph: Curwood's final novel, "Green Timber", was nearly finished at the time of his death. It was completed by Dorothea A. Bryant and published in 1930.

paragraph: Section::::Literary and film legacy.:Adaptations.

paragraph: At least eighteen movies have been based on or inspired by Curwood's novels and short stories. Curwood's story "Wapi the Walrus" was adapted for film three times. The first was as "Back to God's Country" (1919), starring Nell Shipman as a brave and adventurous woman in the wilds of the North. Another version by the same title was released in 1927, and again by this title in 1953.

paragraph: A young John Wayne and Noah Beery Jr. starred in the 1934 film "The Trail Beyond", based on Curwood's novel "The Wolf Hunters". Filmmakers produced a film series featuring Kirby Grant as Mountie Corporal Rod Webb, assisted by his dog Chinook; they made a total of ten films.

paragraph: In the late 20th century, French director Jean-Jacques Annaud adapted Curwood's 1916 novel "The Grizzly King" as the film "The Bear" (1988). The film's success prompted a revival of interest in Curwood's books.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy and honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- His residence, Curwood Castle, which he commissioned in a French chateau style, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is preserved and operated as a historic house museum.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The city of Owosso holds an annual Curwood Festival during the first full weekend in June, to commemorate him and celebrate the city's heritage.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A mountain in L'Anse Township, Michigan was named as Mount Curwood in his honor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The L'Anse Township Park was renamed as Curwood Park.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fighting Chance (1913 film)" (1913), a Vitagraph film directed by Ralph Ince and starring Anita Stewart, Rosemary Thelby, Ned Finley, Courtenay Foote

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1914), a Selig film produced and directed by F. J. Grandon. Starring Bessie Eyton, Charles Clary, Lafayette McKee, Roy Watson, and Charles Wheelock. Based upon a short story by Curwood.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Awakening (1915 film)" (1915), Vitagraph. Directed by Ralph Ince, screenplay by Ralph Ince from a script by Curwood.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Back to God's Country" (1919), starring Nell Shipman. Based on the short story “Wapi, the Walrus".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Alaskan" (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ancient Highway (1925), Paramount film

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Back to God's Country (1927 film)," directed by Irvin Willat and starring Renee Adoree.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Back to God's Country (1953 film), starring Rock Hudson and Hugh O'Brian

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baree, Son of Kazan" (1918), Vitagraph film starring Nell Shipman and Albert Whitman. Remade in 1925, with Anita Stewart starring.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Battle of Frenchman's Run" (1914), a Vitagraph film directed by Theodore Marsten and starring Dorothy Kelly, George Cooper, Harry Carey, Albert Roccardi, and Charles H. West, based on a screenplay by Theodore Marsten, from a script by Curwood.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bear (1988 film)" by RCA-Columbia, directed by based on the novel published as "The Grizzly King" (1916).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beautiful Belinda" (1915), Selig film directed by E. A. Martin and starring C. C. Holland, Lee Morris, and Lillian Hayward based on a scenario by Curwood.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "'Neath Canadian Skies" (1946), a Golden Gate Pictures, Inc. film, directed by B. Reeves Eason and produced by William B. David. Starred Russell Hayden, Inez Cooper, Douglas Fowley, and Kermit Maynard, based on a story by Curwood.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Betty in the Lion's Den" (1913), a Vitagraph film directed by Frederick A. Thomson and starring Clara Kimball Young, Darwin Karr, Josie Sadler, and Etienne Giradot, from a scenario by Curwood.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Broken Silence" (1922), a Pine Tree Pictures film, directed by Dell Henderson and starring Zena Keefe, Robert Elliott, and J. Barney Sherry.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Call of the Klondike" (1950), a Monogram Pictures film, starring Kirby Grant, Anne Gwynne, Lynne Roberts, Tom Neal, Russell Simpson, and Chinook the Wonder Dog. Directed by Frank McDonald from story by Curwood.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Call of the Yukon" (1938), a Republic Pictures film, directed by B. Reeves Eason, and starring Richard Arlen and Beverly Roberts, from the story "Swift Lightning".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Captain's Courage" (1926), a Rayart Pictures film directed by Louis Chaudet, produced by Ben Wilson Productions, and starring Richard Holt, Eddie Earl, Jack Henderson, Al Ferguson, Lafe McKee, and Dorothy Dwan. Likely based on Curwood's "The Courage of Captain Plum"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Caryl of the Mountains" (1914), a Hearst-Selig film directed by Thomas Santschi and starring Kathlyn Williams, Thomas Santschi, Harry Lonsdae, and Roy Watson from a scenario by Curwood

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Caryl of the Mountains" (1936), a Reliable film directed by Bernard B. Ray and starring Rin-Tin-Tin, Jr. And Francis Bushman

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cats (1915 film) by Selig, directed by Norval MacGregor from a scenario by Curwood

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Children of Fate"(1914), a Nestor filmirected by Wallace Reid and starring Wallace Reid, Dorothy Davenport, Joe King, Phil Dunham, Frank Borzage, and Billy Wolbert. Reissued as "Love's Western Flight", from a script by Curwood.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Code of the Mounted" (1935), an Ambassador Pictures film directed by Sam Newfield and produced by Sam Newfield. Starred Kermit Maynard, Lillian Miles, Robert Warwick, Syd Saylor, Jim Thorpe, Wheeler Oakman, and Eddie Phillips. Adapted from silent the film "heels of Fate"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Country Beyond" (1926), a Fox Film Co. production directed by Irving Cummings. Starred Olive Borden, Ralph Graves, Gertrude Astor, J. Farrell MacDonald, Evelyn Selbie, Fred Kohler, Lawford Davidson, Alfred Fisher, and Lottie Williams. Based on the Curwood's book of the same title.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Country Beyond" (1936), a 20th Century Fox Film production directed by Eugene Forde with Paul Kelly and Rochelle Huson. Photoplay derived from Curwood's book with the same title

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Courage of Marge O'Doone" (1918), a Vitagraph film adapted from Curwood's book with the same title.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Coyote (1915 film)" by Selig. Directed by Guy Oliver based on Curwood's short story of the same title.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dawn of/on the Great Divide" (1942), Monogram Pictures film starring Buck Jones, Raymond Hatton, Rex Bell, Mona Barrie, Harry Woods, and Robert Frazer. Directed by Howard Bretherton from the silent film “Wheels of Fate” and a screenplay by Jess Bowers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Destroyers (1916 film)" by Vitagraph. Directed by Ralph Ince and starring Lucille Lee Stewart. Based on Curwood's short story “Peter God”

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Diamond Cut Diamond" (1913), a Lubin Mfg. Co. film directed by L. B. Carlton starring Isabelle Lamon. Scenario by Curwood

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Does Advertising Pay" (1913), a Vitagraph film directed by Larry Trimble, starring Wally Van, froma scenario by Curwood

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1914), a Selig film directed by Thomas Santschi starring Thomas Santschi, Bessie Eyton, Harry Lonsdale, Edith Johnson, Charles Wheelock, and Lex Wilmouth. Scenario by Curwood.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Duty and the Man" (1913), a Reliance film directed by Oscar Apfel starring James Ashley, Gertrude Robinson, Charles Elliott, Irving Cummings, and George Siegmann. Likely based Probably based on "Philip Steele".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Eugenic Girl" (1914), a Selig film directed and produced by Thomas Santschi. Starring Elsie Greeson, Franklyn Hall, Harry McCabe, and Thomas Santschi. Scenario by Curwood

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fangs of the Arctic" (1953), an Allied Artist Production film released by Monogram Pictures. Starring Kirby Grant and Warren Douglas, directed by Rex Bailey from a story by Curwood

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1914), a Selig film directed and produced by E. A. Martin. Starring Adele Lane and Edwin Wallock. Scenario by Curwood. Also used as basis for "Phantom Patrol" in 1936

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fathers of Men" (1916) starring Robert Edison. Scenario by Curwood

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Feudist" (1913), a Vitagraph film directed by Wilfred North and starring John Bunny, Sidney Drew, Flora Finch, Lillian Walker, Wallie Van, Kenneth Casey, Josie Sadler, and Paul Kelly. Scenario by Curwood

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fiddling Man (1917), starring Jane Grey. Based upon the short story “The Fiddling Man” in "Back to God's Country"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fighting Texan (1937 film), by Ambassador-Conn. Directed by Charles Abbott and starring Kermit Maynard, Elaine Shepard, Frank LaRue, Bud Buster, Ed Cassidy, Bruce Mitchell, and Murdock McQuarrie, from a story by Curwood.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nikki, Wild Dog of the North" (1961), directed by Jack Couffer and Don Haldane. Starring Jean Coutu, Emile Genest, Uriel Luft, Robert Rivard and Jacques Fautex.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eldridge, Judith A. "James Oliver Curwood: God's Country and the Man". Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1993.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "James Oliver Curwood". Shiawassee County, Michigan History. Retrieved on February 7, 2012.

description: Novelist, conservationist

wikidata_label: James Oliver Curwood

wikipedia_title: James Oliver Curwood


text: amateur

text: astronomer

text: comet

text: periodic comet

text: lost comet

text: George Alcock

text: meteor

text: nova

text: "Prix Valz"

text: French Academy of Sciences

text: Donohoe Comet Medal

text: British Astronomical Association

text: Nature

text: The Observatory

text: Astronomische Nachrichten

text: Craters

text: Mars

text: Moon

text: Denning (lunar crater)

text: Denning (Martian crater)

categories: 1931 deaths,Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society,1848 births,British astronomers

paragraph: William Frederick Denning

paragraph: William Frederick Denning (25 November 1848 – 9 June 1931) was a British amateur astronomer who achieved considerable success without formal scientific training.

paragraph: Denning devoted a great deal of time to searching for comets, and discovered several including the periodic comet 72P/Denning–Fujikawa and the lost comet D/1894 F1. The latter was the last comet discovered on British soil until the discoveries of George Alcock.

paragraph: Denning also studied meteors and novae, discovering Nova Cygni 1920 (V476 Cyg). He won the "Prix Valz" of the French Academy of Sciences for 1895. He won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1898. He won the Donohoe Comet Medal for his July 23, 1890 discovery of a comet. He also directed the British Astronomical Association’s Comet (1891-1893) and Meteor (1899-1900) Sections. From 1869 Denning held the combined post of secretary and treasurer of the short-lived Observing Astronomical Society.

paragraph: During his life, Denning published 1179 articles in prominent scientific journals including "Nature", "The Observatory", "Astronomische Nachrichten", "Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada", "Journal des Observateurs", and "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society".

paragraph: Craters on Mars and the Moon are named in his honor.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denning (lunar crater)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denning (Martian crater)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: 10. Phil Williams (July 2015) "William Frederick Denning F.R.A.S." Liverpool Astronomical Society Newsletter (July 2015, pp,4-6)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Telescopic work for starlight evenings Cornell University Library Historical Monographs Collection.

paragraph: BULLET::::- W. F. Denning – The Doyen of Amateur Astronomers Short biography by Martin Beech, Campion College, The University of Regina, Canada

description: British amateur astronomer

wikidata_label: William Frederick Denning

wikipedia_title: William Frederick Denning


text:
American
Elizabeth, New Jersey
New Jersey
Continental Congress
First Continental Congress
non-importation agreement
petition to the King
second Congress
Great Britain
New Jersey General Assembly
New Jersey State Constitution
New Jersey Supreme Court
Governor Livingston
Mayor of Elizabeth, New Jersey
St. John's Episcopal Churchyard
Winfield Scott
John De Hart
The Political Graveyard

categories: People of colonial New Jersey,Continental Congressmen from New Jersey,New Jersey Supreme Court justices,18th-century American politicians,1727 births,Burials in New Jersey,Mayors of Elizabeth, New Jersey,1795 deaths,New Jersey lawyers

paragraph: John De Hart

paragraph: John De Hart (July 25, 1727 – June 1, 1795) was an American lawyer, jurist, and statesman from Elizabeth, New Jersey. He represented New Jersey as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1774 and 1775.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: De Hart was born at Elizabethtown to Jacob De Hart (1699–1777) and Abigail (Crane) De Hart. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1770. He married Sarah Dagworthy, and they had eight children (John, Jacob, Matthias, Stephen, Sarah, Abigail, Jane, and Louisa).

paragraph: In 1774 he was named as a delegate to the First Continental Congress. While he supported the non-importation agreement and the first petition to the King, he was in favor of reconciliation. He was returned to the second Congress in 1775, but as differences with Great Britain became more pronounced, the Congress began to adopt a harder line. Finally, on November 13, 1775, he wrote his resignation to the New Jersey General Assembly, and they accepted it on November 22.

paragraph: In 1776, New Jersey began crafting an independent government. De Hart attended the convention and served on the committee that drafted the New Jersey State Constitution in June. He was appointed to serve on the New Jersey Supreme Court on September 4, 1776, but made a better living practicing law. Governor Livingston replaced him in February 1777 for failing to attend court sessions.

paragraph: De Hart's last act of public service was as Mayor of Elizabeth, New Jersey (then Elizabethtown). He was elected in November 1789 and served until his death. He died at home in 1795 and is buried in St. John's Episcopal Churchyard in Elizabeth. The home that he built in 1766, and lived in for twenty-nine years, was called the "De Hart House" and stood at the intersection of Rahway Avenue and Cherry Street in Elizabeth.

paragraph: His daughter Abigail married John Mayo, a prominent Virginia planter, and had a daughter, Maria D. Mayo, who was married to Winfield Scott.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John De Hart at The Political Graveyard

description: American politician

wikidata_label: John De Hart

wikipedia_title: John De Hart


text:
Breton
soldier
Vannes
English
Charles de Blois
Breton War of Succession
Vannes
King Edward III.
gallows at Montfaucon
Nantes
Jeanne de Clisson
Morlaix
John IV de Montfort
Jeanne
King Edward III
Poitou
John II
Treaty of Brétigny
Chateaubriant
Duke Arthur II
Nantes
Bécherel
Charles V
John Chandos
battle of Poitiers
Auray
Charles de Blois
Bertrand du Guesclin
Breton War of Succession
Joan, Duchess of Brittany
John Chandos
Gâvre
Châteauceaux
Robert Knolles
Black Prince
battle of Nájera
Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte
Normandy
Josselin
Count of Alençon
Josselin
Josselin Castle
Bertrand du Guesclin
constable of France
Brest
Pontorson
Battle of Pontvallain
Valois
Robert Knolles
Guyenne
Auvergne
Rouergue
Poitou
Saintonge
Anjou
Moncontour
Loudun
Saint Jean d'Angely
Saintes
La Rochelle
Benon Saintonge
hearth tax
Guillac
Derval
Rouge
Brest
Saint-Mathieu
Duke of Anjou
Charles Penthievre Blois
Rohan
Derval
Robert Knolles
Duke of Lancaster
John of Gaunt
Saint-Pol-de-Léon
St. Brieuc
Quimperlé
Brest
Guesnou
Laval
Nantes
Marguerite de Rohan
du Guesclin
Guérande
Louis de Male
Battle of Roosebeke
Revolt of Maillotins
John I, Count of Penthièvre
Vannes
Jehan Bazvalan
marmousets
Jeanne de Navarre
Pierre de Craon
chainmail
Charles VI
Louis de Sancerre
Philippe of Artois
Louis d'Orleans
Duke of Bourgogne
Porhoët
Pontchâteau
Josselin de Rohan
Morbihan
Yvonig Gicquel

categories: French Army soldiers,1336 births,1407 deaths,Constables of France,People from Loire-Atlantique

paragraph: Olivier de Clisson

paragraph: Olivier V de Clisson (23 April 1336 – 23 April 1407), nicknamed "The Butcher", was a Breton soldier, the son of Olivier IV de Clisson. His father had been put to death by the French in 1343 on the suspicion of having willingly given up the city of Vannes to the English.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Olivier de Clisson was born on 23 April 1336 at the Château de Clisson in Brittany.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Clisson family context.

paragraph: Olivier's father chose the camp of Charles de Blois and the King of France in the Breton War of Succession and was the military commander defending the city of Vannes when the English besieged it in 1342. His father was captured by the English and imprisoned, but was released after a relatively low ransom was paid. Because of the amount, the King of France, Philip VI and his advisers suspected Clisson of conspiring with King Edward III.

paragraph: After a peace treaty was signed, his father was invited to Paris for a tournament, but was arrested, tried and executed by beheading on 2 August 1343. This expeditious execution shocked the nobility as the evidence of guilt was never made public. Moreover, the notion of betrayal does not refer in the same way for nobles of that time: they claimed the right to choose whom to honor. Olivier IV's body received additional posthumous humiliation: his body was hanged by the armpits at the gallows at Montfaucon in Paris, and his head was piked at the Sauvetout gate of Nantes.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Formative years on the seas and in England.

paragraph: Olivier's mother, Jeanne de Clisson née de Belleville, swore Olivier and his brother Guillaume to avenge their father. She raised funds for an army to attack troops loyal to France, stationed in Brittany. Eventually she armed ships and started a piratical war against French ships. These ships were eventually lost and Jeanne with her two sons set adrift for five days. Guillaume died of thirst, cold and exhaustion. Olivier and his mother were finally rescued and taken to Morlaix by Montfort supporters.

paragraph: It was after these events that Olivier was taken by his mother to England when he was twelve years old. He was raised in the court of King Edward III with John IV de Montfort, a future claimant of the Ducal throne of Brittany. Olivier's mother Jeanne, eventually married her fourth husband, an English military commander of King Edward III.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Breton War of Succession.

paragraph: After ten years in England, Olivier, then twenty-three, in 1359 accompanied King Edward III and John IV at the head of a Breton-English force to Brittany as part of a guerilla campaign near Poitou.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Breton War of Succession.:Treaty of Brétigny.

paragraph: Olivier was reconciled to the new King of France, John II the Good in 1360 as part of the Treaty of Brétigny on 8 May, which sought to defuse sources of conflict between France and England. This treaty opened a nine-year truce between the two Kingdoms. This process allowed for the posthumous rehabilitation of Olivier's father's honour and regaining his family's rights and privileges.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Breton War of Succession.:First marriage.

paragraph: In the same year, Olivier also married and Chateaubriant, heiress of the family Laval, and granddaughter of the Duke Arthur II. He therefore became first cousin of both Ducal claimants:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John IV de Montfort and

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joan, Duchess of Brittany, wife of Charles de Blois,

paragraph: This also made Olivier a relative of the King of France. This alliance opened up new political possibilities.

paragraph: The marriage produced two daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrice of Laval, lady Villemomble

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Breton War of Succession.:War continues.

paragraph: In 1363 Olivier was still on the side of the Breton-English Montfortists and one of the commanders of the Montfort troops who failed to take Nantes, but managed to hold Bécherel.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Breton War of Succession.:Capture of the French king.

paragraph: In 1364 several months after the accession of another French king, Charles V, John IV took advantage of the troubled situation in France since the capture of King John II the Good and was assisted by the English under John Chandos, the commander who had decided the battle of Poitiers.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Breton War of Succession.:Death of Charles de Blois.

paragraph: In 1365 John IV besieged the city of Auray. The two opposing Breton armies clashed under the walls of the city on 29 September. Monfortistes were entrenched there and John IV attempted to overcome the numerical inferiority of his army by attacking the Breton-French camp by surprise. The Breton-English commander, however, adopted a proposal from Olivier and waited for the Breton-French army to climb a slope leading to Auray. They managed to divide the troops of Charles de Blois and were fought separately. Isolated from the bulk of his army, Charles de Blois was surrounded and killed in the melee, while Bertrand du Guesclin, the French Commander, was captured but released later with a ransom in 1365. The Breton War of Succession ended with this battle and Olivier had played an important role. Olivier was however injured and lost the use of one eye, earning him the nickname "the one-eyed man of Auray".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Breton War of Succession.:First Treaty of Guérande.

paragraph: The widow of Charles de Blois, Joan, Duchess of Brittany, acceded to these events, and peace talks between the houses of Blois and Montfort started. John IV was nicknamed the Conqueror and was recognized as the only Duke of Brittany. Olivier, while nursing his injury learnt that John IV had given the English commander, John Chandos, the Gâvre castle and forest, a reward Olivier coveted for his loyal service. Olivier expressed his displeasure at the new Duke, but this did not change the matter. Olivier evidently raged "I would rather give myself to the devil than have an English neighbor" A fortnight later, the Gâvre castle was surprisingly burnt down. In response to this, Duke John IV confiscated the lordship of Châteauceaux from Olivier.

paragraph: In 1366 Olivier was sent to Paris as the Breton ambassador to ensure that Charles V, King of France, complied to the guarantees of the status of an independent Brittany. On 22 May Olivier was received with great fanfare in Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Battle of Castile.

paragraph: In 1367 Olivier participated, with the English General Robert Knolles under command of the Black Prince, at the battle of Nájera (Castile) and faced troops commanded by the French Constable du Guesclin. The French lost this battle and du Guesclin was captured for the second time.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Change of allegiances.

paragraph: In the spring of 1369, Olivier advised the French King in planning a possible invasion of England, to avoid the winter storms of the Channel given the weakness of the French fleet.

paragraph: In August of the same year, Olivier failed to take Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte for the English, since he was forced to decamp and to negotiate on behalf of Duke John IV with King Charles V.

paragraph: King Charles V apparently secured the full services of Olivier at this stage by paying him with properties in Normandy. It is with these lands that Olivier exchanged for the lordship of Josselin with the Count of Alençon, his cousin in 1370. A few months later, Olivier formalised his change of allegiance, by signing a charter establishing the suzerainty of the King of France over Josselin, even though it was located in the heart of Brittany. For his part, Duke John IV expressed his displeasure with Olivier in this regard.

paragraph: Having acquired the lordship of Josselin, Olivier began to build Josselin Castle in 1370, an imposing new fortress with eight towers. In the same year, he joined Bertrand du Guesclin, the constable of France, and followed him in campaigns against the English, including the Siege of Brest in 1373.

paragraph: In 1370 King Charles V requested Olivier to plunder English-controlled southwest France. On 23 October, Olivier allied now with du Guesclin, by the oath of Pontorson, defeated the English at the Battle of Pontvallain, The oath between the new allies stated that the benefits of any gains would be shared. This alliance was indicative of the general state of vassalage links of the era, leading to situations where these links were intertwined and inextricable, each becoming free to choose sides in the interests of the moment. The brotherhood of arms had become greater than the vassal relationship, Olivier respected the oath with Du Guesclin. From this pact, Olivier formally became a Valois, the murderers of his father.

paragraph: In the same year, during a raid by the English General Robert Knolles outside Paris, Olivier advised the King in a cautious tactic, a defensive strategy to avoid a pitched battle as the French were not sufficiently prepared; Knowles was eventually turned away from capital.

paragraph: In 1371 the King of France decided to attack the English in their possessions of Guyenne. The Constable and Olivier shared the military command, the former leading the fight in Auvergne and Rouergue, while the second attacked the English positions of Poitou, Saintonge and Anjou during the summer. The English retaliated by leading an expedition against the stronghold of Moncontour, which fell after ten days of siege.

paragraph: The English controlled cities of Loudun, Saint Jean d'Angely and Saintes were captured in 1372. The people of La Rochelle themselves opened the gates to the French troops. On several occasions, as with Moncontour, the English did not spare prisoners who could pay ransom. The squire of Olivier who was captured in Benon Saintonge, was tortured and killed. In revenge, Olivier executed fifteen prisoners and developed a reputation for not hesitating to mutilate captive enemies, cutting off arms or legs. du Guesclin evidently remarked "God! The body of St. Benedict, the English are not wrong when they call you the Butcher! "

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Breton war debt.

paragraph: Brittany was at this stage indebted to the English King Edward III. Thomas Melbourne, Treasurer and Receiver General of the Duchy, and other advisors to the Breton Duke were English. Breton Nobles such as Olivier resented this as well as an increasingly popular discontent over the implementation of a permanent ducal tax, the hearth tax. Duke John IV chose to sign a new treaty of alliance with England explaining to France that he was forced to host English troops in order to counter Olivier's militant presence in Brittany.

paragraph: In 1373 in response to this, King Charles V ordered the Constable on 1 March to seize the Duchy and ensure the support of Olivier, by giving him the lordship of Guillac. Du Guesclin and Olivier started a propaganda war to discredit the Breton nobility of Duke John IV. English troops were stationed in Derval, Rouge, Brest and Saint-Mathieu. Abandoned by most of the Breton nobility, Duke John IV was forced into exile and crossed the English Channel on 28 April 1373.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Olivier as co-regent of Brittany.

paragraph: Olivier could have claimed the title of Duke, but King Charles V chose to hand over Brittany to his brother, the Duke of Anjou, who was married to a daughter of Charles Penthievre Blois, to head the Duchy, with the title of "lieutenant of the King" This appointment was however honorific, as the Duke of Anjou never entered Brittany. Olivier was subsequently appointed co-regent with a Vicount, John I of Rohan.

paragraph: 1373, the summer began with the siege of Derval, symbolic as this castle was the property of the English General, Robert Knolles.

paragraph: During the years 1373 to 1377 Duke John IV re-entered Brittany after attaining the services of the English Duke of Lancaster, John of Gaunt to intervene with about ten thousand troops. Duke John IV retook Saint-Pol-de-Léon and besieged St. Brieuc. In southern Brittany, Olivier built up military forces, while Duke John IV tried to capture Quimperlé. A truce between the Kings of France and England, however, prevented Olivier from using it this force. The siege of Brest lasted from 1373 to 1377; Olivier then built the fortress of Guesnou to prohibit access to the city by the sea. At this stage, Brest was the last city under English occupation in Brittany.

paragraph: In 1378 King Charles V made the political choice to fully annex Brittany to the Kingdom of France in 18 December, causing a reversal of the independence of the Breton nobility, including Joan, Duchess of Brittany, as the Treaty of Guérande had not been respected. King Charles V petitioned four Breton lords to give their opinion on the subject:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guy XII de Laval refused to fight against Duke John IV,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vicount Rohan timidly promised his help,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clisson and du Guesclin affirmed their loyalty to the Valois cause.

paragraph: Duke John IV on his return from exile found support in Brittany and a Breton provisional government was created to meet with the King of France. Olivier saw an opportunity to take the title of Duke but failed again to convince the King of France as Duke John IV again had a secret arrangements with the then King of England, Richard II. Duke John IV therefore reclaimed his seat of Brittany except the land held by Olivier, including Nantes.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Second marriage.

paragraph: Widowed, Olivier married in 1378 his second wife Marguerite de Rohan (1330-1406), a daughter of Alain VII Rohan. Marguerite was the widow of Jean de Beaumanoir, a hero of the Breton nobility, who faced the English at the battle of Trent, she had three daughters. A sister of Clisson, Isabeau, is also united in 1338 to Jean Rieux. With these unions, Olivier V is linked to the largest noble families of Brittany.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Constable of France.

paragraph: In 1380 after the death of du Guesclin, King Charles VI, was crowned at the age of twelve and gave Olivier the rank of Constable of France on 28 November, with the support of the Duke of Anjou, but despite the opposition of the Dukes of Berry and Burgundy, all three uncles of the King. Two other two candidates declined the offer considering that Olivier's experienced fighting skills. The role of Constable gave the holder the right to keep loot of war apart from gold, silver, and prisoners. Olivier received the Constable's sword, and held the office from 1380 to 1392.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Second Treaty of Guerande.

paragraph: In 1381 the second Treaty of Guérande of 4 April normalised relations between the Duchy of Brittany and the Kingdom of France, Duke John IV and Olivier signed a treaty of "good allies" on 30 May 1381, which was reaffirmed on 27 February 1382.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Flanders campaign.

paragraph: In 1382, following a revolt in Flanders challenging feudal power, King Charles VI of France decided to intervene and assist his ally, the Count of Flanders, Louis de Male. Olivier led the French Royal army on 27 November to victory in the Battle of Roosebeke during which twenty-five thousand men were massacred. The Constable was able to apply a tactical advantage against the inexperienced bourgeois militias, artisans, and merchants who were crushed by the seasoned French troops, who then engaged in massive looting.

paragraph: The Flemish uprising caused secondary emancipatory desires in Paris itself. A decision to reinstate a tax which had been abolished by the previous King, started a revolt from the citizens of Paris Revolt of Maillotins in March 1382. King Charles VI's absence from Paris while supporting his troops in Flanders, gave hope to the revolters that royal power had weakened. King Charles VI's, victory in Flanders and return to Paris, however, changed the situation as the Parisians chose not to confront the King. In February 1383, Olivier stated to them that they appear to be rich and bourgeois, and stated: "Corps and property, you are in case of forfeiture. See what you choose: justice or mercy." They chose mercy, that is to say, the payment of a large sum depending on the fortunes of each person. The King's entourage was magnanimous and eventually abandons a portion of these "fines".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Marriage of daughter.

paragraph: In 1384 the treaty Olivier had with Duke John IV did not prevent him to pay the ransom of John I, Count of Penthièvre, son of Charles de Blois, who was held hostage in England. Moreover, Olivier betrothed his daughter Margaret, to him.

paragraph: It appears that Olivier was positioning his family as under the terms of the Treaty of Guérande, if Duke John IV had no male child, Jean de Blois, son of Joan, Duchess of Brittany, would then be the Ducal heir apparent.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:England invasion project.

paragraph: In 1384 Olivier conceived a project to invade England using a huge fortified raft. One thousand three hundred ships were gathered and protected by ninety-seven warships. This very expensive operation was not successful: at the time of its completion, in December 1386. The Duke of Berry, one of the King’s uncles, delayed and prevented the smooth running of the operation, especially as the main supporter, the Duke of Burgundy had fallen ill. Bad weather also prevented the project, which was finally abandoned in 1387.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:First assassination attempt.

paragraph: In 1387 Olivier was invited by Duke John IV to attend a session of the Parliament of Brittany in Vannes, to inaugurate the castle of Hermine which Duke John IV had built. On 27 June 1387, the Constable was seized and imprisoned, and the Duke ordered that Olivier be sealed in a bag and thrown into the water, but this order is not followed through by Jehan Bazvalan, the weapons master of Duke John IV, who was content to keep him locked up. In the morning, Duke John IV asked about the fate of Olivier, and John Bazvalan admitted the non-execution of the order. Olivier eventually had to pay a large sum and gave to Duke John IV the forts of Blain, Josselin and Jugon Le Guildo.

paragraph: In 1388 the King of France traded with the Duke for Olivier and restored the Constable his confiscated land, but not the ransom. This was to spare the Duke from humiliation and again becoming a fulcrum for the English.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Government marmousets.

paragraph: Since the King was only twelve years old, Olivier played a special role, as the historian Françoise Autrand qualified, as an "uncle". By 1388 at the age of fifteen, King Charles VI decided to govern without his real uncle. The Constable was now part of a group which headed the government, included with Olivier were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- the chamberlain of Charles V Bureau de La Rivière

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Le Mercier promoted to grand master of Hotel King

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Montaigu

paragraph: This political episode is known as the "government of the marmousets'.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Heir to Brittany.

paragraph: In 1389 the King encouraged leader of noble Breton families such as Olivier, to apply for the title of Duke of Brittany, if Duke John IV had no male heir. The Duke of Brittany, however did produce a son with Jeanne de Navarre, who was also named Jean and was born on 24 December.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Second assassination attempt.

paragraph: In 1392 on Olivier's return to Paris, an attempt was made to assassinate him by Pierre de Craon, allegedly at the instigation of Duke John IV. Craon waylaid Olivier in a narrow street. Olivier's unarmed servants fled, but Olivier was saved from death by his chainmail coat, and was able to draw his sword and fend off his attackers. In the struggle, he fell from his horse and was knocked out against the door of a baker's shop. Believing him dead, Craon fled Paris for Brittany.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Refuge in Brittany.

paragraph: In order to punish Duke John IV and Craon, King Charles VI, accompanied by the Constable, marched on Brittany, but it was on this expedition that the King was seized with a bout of madness. The uncles of King Charles VI blamed Olivier for his breakdown. During King Charles VI's dementia phase, the King's uncle was returned to power. The Parliament condemned Olivier and on 10 December 1392 for having illegally enriched himself and banished Olivier from the Kingdom and fined him two hundred thousand pounds, as well as the return of the sword of Constable. Olivier refused to return the sword, and seeks refuge in the castle of Montlhéry, and in Brittany in his castle of Josselin.

paragraph: Duke John IV wanted to ingratiate the favor of France, besieged Josselin. By 1394, King Charles VI however restored confidence in Olivier and although Philip of Artois succeeded him in 1392, the King confirmed his function as the Constable. In 1397, Louis de Sancerre was also appointed Constable, replacing Philippe of Artois who had died, but Olivier retained the privilege of being the holder of 'sword. By 1397 Olivier had also formed a secondary Royal alliance with Louis d'Orleans, brother of King Charles VI.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Reconciliation with Duke John IV and Protector of Brittany.

paragraph: After thirty years of conflict, Olivier, through the Duke of Bourgogne, was reconciled in 1396 with his overlord Duke John IV. The latter sent his son as a guarantee of his sincerity. They promised peace and good friendship until death. The promise was kept, the two men were at peace when Duke John IV died in 1399. The Dukes son was only ten years old when the regent Joan of Navarre married King Henry IV of England. Louis of Orleans offered to his brother King Charles VI that the government of Brittany be therefore entrusted to Olivier, to prevent it passing under English domination, however Philip the Bold became regent of Duchy.

paragraph: Marguerite de Clisson, daughter of Olivier, nicknamed Margot, however sided with her husband John, Count of Penthièvre, claimed the Duchy, and attracted the wrath of her father, who predicted: "Perverse, you'll ruin your children.” This prediction will come true, since two of her sons will be executed for treason after removing the Duke and the third will be imprisoned for twenty five years. The clash of Olivier and his daughter in 1399 and gave rise to a legend. In her flight, Marguerite broke her leg and became lame earning her the nickname "Lame Margot." This legend was probably invented by an opposing faction of the family after 1420.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: After mentioning in his will a wish to return the sword of the Constable, Olivier de Clisson died in Josselin on 23 April 1407 at the age of 71. He was buried in the chapel of the castle of Josselin.

paragraph: His grave was however desecrated in 1793.

paragraph: Section::::Genealogy.

paragraph: Clisson carried the noble titles of:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Earl of Porhoët

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baron Pontchâteau

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord of Clisson, Porhoet of Belleville and Garnache, Clisson and Belleville, the respective lordships of his father (who was a Knight banneret) and her mother.

paragraph: Section::::Descent.

paragraph: Clisson had two daughters, born of his union with Catherine de Laval.

paragraph: The eldest, Beatrice (born before 1366 - died in 1448), married in 1407 Alain VIII de Rohan. Their son, Alain IX of Rohan, married Margaret, a sister of John V. This branch of the Rohan family had a flourishing destiny and inherited Castle Josselin. The twenty-first (Josselin de Rohan, Senator for Morbihan from 1983 to 2011) Duke of Rohan is a 19th generation of grandson of Olivier.

paragraph: Marguerite (1366 - 1441) married 20 January 1387 John, son of Joan, Duchess of Brittany, Duchess of Brittany, and Charles de Blois. Taking up the claims of Penthièvre family in terms of the ducal throne, she kidnapped John V, son of Duke John IV. She was defeated and her property was confiscated by John V.

paragraph: Section::::Fortune.

paragraph: Depending on the items specified in his will, Yvonig Gicquel estimated that the annual revenues of Olivier in 1400 were around five hundred million Francs, representing about one hundred and eighty million euros in 2013 terms. When estimating his property, his heritage and his fortune was estimated at six tons of gold and sixty tons of silver.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Turnbull, Stephen, "The Book of the Medieval Knight" (London: Arms and Armour Press, 1985).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henneman, John Bell, "Olivier de Clisson and Political Society in France under Charles V and Charles VI" (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996).

description: French general

wikidata_label: Olivier de Clisson

wikipedia_title: Olivier de Clisson