text: journalist

text: Queen Mother

text: Margaret Thatcher

text: Rupert Murdoch

text: The Tote

text: Kingston upon Thames

text: Esher

text: Woodrow Wilson

text: Eastbourne College

text: Worcester College

text: Oxford

text: Second World War

text: Suffolk Regiment

text: Normandy

text: D-Day

text: mentioned in despatches

text: elected to Parliament in 1945

text: Labour

text: Birmingham Aston

text: 1955 general election

text: Cabinet Mission to India in 1946

text: Muslim League

text: Keep Left

text: Clement Attlee

text: Grantham constituency

text: Ed Murrow

text: CBS

text: Grace Wyndham Goldie

text: Richard Dimbleby

text: Panorama

text: Algeria

text: Amalgamated Engineering Union

text: Director-General of the BBC

text: Ian Jacob

text: Eric Louw

text: Jock Byrne

text: Electrical Trades Union

text: Les Cannon

text: Frank Haxell

text: Parliament in 1959

text: Bosworth

text: Bert Bowden

text: Transport and General Workers' Union

text: Frank Cousins

text: Lib–Lab pact

text: General Secretary of the Labour Party

text: Morgan Phillips

text: Bertrand Russell

text: Roy Jenkins

text: Horserace Totalisator Board

text: John McCririck

text: Margaret Thatcher

text: John Campbell

text: Geoffrey Howe

text: News of the World

text: Nelson Mandela

text: ANC

text: President Botha

text: knighted

text: life peer

text: Weeford

text: County of Staffordshire

text: News International

text: Wapping

text: Press Council

text: John Major

text: Norman Lamont

text: Petronella Wyatt

text: Andrew Neil

text: New Statesman

text: Daily Express

text: Robert Rhodes James

text: Lord Blake

text: Charles Moore

text: 16th Earl of Huntingdon

text: Luisa Casati

text: Petronella Wyatt

text: England Test cricket

text: Bob Wyatt

text: Wyatt family

text: Robert Wyatt

text: Communist Party of Great Britain

text: Camden

categories: Suffolk Regiment officers,People educated at Eastbourne College,Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1959–1964,UK MPs 1951–1955,Labour Party (UK) life peers,UK MPs 1945–1950,Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford,1997 deaths,1918 births,Knights Bachelor,UK MPs 1950–1951,BBC newsreaders and journalists,English male journalists,British Army personnel of World War II,UK MPs 1964–1966

paragraph: Woodrow Wyatt

paragraph: Woodrow Lyle Wyatt, Baron Wyatt of Weeford (4 July 1918 – 7 December 1997) was a British politician, author, journalist and broadcaster, close to the Queen Mother, Margaret Thatcher and Rupert Murdoch. For the last twenty years of his life, he was chairman of the state betting organisation The Tote.

paragraph: Section::::Early life: 1918−1945.

paragraph: Born in Kingston upon Thames, southwest London, Wyatt was the second son of Robert Harvey Lyle Wyatt, the founder and headmaster of Milbourne Lodge School, Esher, and his wife Ethel (née Morgan). Born on America's Independence Day, he was named after the American President Woodrow Wilson. Wyatt was educated at Eastbourne College and Worcester College, Oxford, where he read jurisprudence and graduated with a second-class degree in 1939. He volunteered for military service ten days before the outbreak of the Second World War with the Suffolk Regiment and rose to the rank of major. Wyatt was posted to Normandy on D-Day plus one and was mentioned in despatches.

paragraph: He was nearly court-martialled after an acrimonious exchange with one of his senior officers. Wyatt was afterwards posted to India.

paragraph: Wyatt edited ten volumes of "English Story" (1940–50).

paragraph: Section::::Member of Parliament: 1945–1955.

paragraph: Wyatt was elected to Parliament in 1945 as the Labour MP for Birmingham Aston, and served until the 1955 general election when the constituencies boundaries were redrawn.

paragraph: During the Cabinet Mission to India in 1946 he served as an informal liaison officer between the Mission and the Muslim League. Wyatt was a member of the 15-strong Keep Left group of Labour MPs. In the group's pamphlet, published in May 1947, Wyatt criticised the government's failure to demobilise the armed forces quickly enough.

paragraph: Clement Attlee appointed Wyatt Under-Secretary at the War Office in April 1951, an office he held for six months until Labour was defeated in the October 1951 election.

paragraph: He published "Into the Dangerous World" in 1952. Following the splitting of his Aston seat, Wyatt was unable to find a more promising option than the Conservative held Grantham constituency, which he nonetheless fought in 1955, being defeated by 2,375 votes.

paragraph: Section::::Journalism: 1955–1959.

paragraph: Ed Murrow of CBS chose Grantham as one of the seats that he would cover during the 1955 election. Grace Wyndham Goldie, who was the head of the BBC's Current Affairs department, happened to watch it and was impressed with Wyatt. She asked Wyatt to join Richard Dimbleby in presenting "Panorama" as the programme's foreign affairs reporter. He later wrote: "My TV appearances catapulted me into fame. ... We had an audience of between 9 and 14 million. When I walked in the street or went into any public place I was recognized and my autograph sort".

paragraph: In February 1956, during the filming of a "Panorama" programme in Algeria, Wyatt and his television crew were attacked by French settlers who had mistaken them for Americans.

paragraph: In April 1956 Bill Carron, a member of the executive of the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU), informed Wyatt that Communists were trying to take over the union by falsifying votes for union officials. There were upcoming elections for two posts on the Executive and as the Communists already held three out of the seven seats, there was a possibility of a Communist majority. Wyatt later wrote: "The threat to the economy and to the Labour Party of a huge AEU block vote supporting extremist policies at Labour conferences, was obvious". The Director-General of the BBC, Sir Ian Jacob, authorised Wyatt to produce a "Panorama" programme on it, which was broadcast on 14 May 1956. Wyatt later claimed that his programme "shook the union world. The voting went up by 40 per cent. ... it was enough to defeat the Communist candidates for all three posts. The AEU was saved".

paragraph: In September 1956 he wrote a series of articles in the "Illustrated" about the Communist threat to the trade unions and therefore, due to the influential trade union block vote, to the Labour Party. These were republished in pamphlet-form as "The Peril in Our Midst". In October 1956 he signed a statement urging British participation in the Common Market.

paragraph: In June 1957 Wyatt visited South Africa under apartheid for "Panorama". Although education for black South Africans was outlawed, Wyatt filmed the illegal schools in Soweto and he also interviewed black leaders. He later wrote that their treatment was "worse than that of slaves in Ancient Athens or Rome" and that his programme was "the first time that millions in Britain got a glimpse of what life was really like in South Africa: paradise under a live volcano". Eric Louw, the South African Minister of External Affairs, made an official complaint to the British government about Wyatt's programme.

paragraph: After Wyatt's programme on Communist vote-rigging in the AEU, Jock Byrne gave Wyatt documents containing evidence that since the war Communists had controlled the Electrical Trades Union (ETU) by falsifying votes. Wyatt received the permission of Ian Jacob to make a "Panorama" programme on union democracy in the ETU. This was broadcast on 9 December 1957 and Wyatt brought to light that Les Cannon had been defrauded of his election to the ETU's Executive by Communist vote-rigging. As union rules prohibited union members from discussing union affairs in public, ETU members on Wyatt's programme had their faces hidden. In January 1958 Wyatt wrote an article on the subject for the "New Statesman". In July 1961 Justice Win of the High Court declared that the 1959 election for the ETU's general secretary was fraudulently won by the Communist Frank Haxell and that Byrne was the general secretary.

paragraph: He also campaigned in favour of compulsory secret ballots for union elections, which was eventually embodied in the Employment Act 1988.

paragraph: In January 1958 the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party rejected a request from the Holborn and St Pancras constituency Labour Party that Wyatt should be removed from the list of prospective parliamentary candidates due to his "anti-working class activity".

paragraph: Section::::Member of Parliament: 1959–1970.

paragraph: He returned to Parliament in 1959 as member for Bosworth, Leicestershire. According to Wyatt, Gaitskell told him that the Opposition Chief Whip, Bert Bowden, vetoed his appointment to Gaitskell's Shadow Cabinet.

paragraph: In a speech to the Hinckley branch of the AEU in June 1960, Wyatt called the General Secretary of the Transport and General Workers' Union, Frank Cousins, "the bully with the block vote". In November 1961 Wyatt wrote an article for "The Guardian" and gave a speech in Leicester, both times advocating a Lib–Lab pact to keep the Conservatives out of power. According to Wyatt, a furious Gaitskell telephoned him, saying: "Why don't you get out of the Party and stop embarrassing me?". After Wyatt repeated this idea in an article for the "New Statesman", Gaitskell delivered a speech to the Bosworth Labour Party (in Wyatt's presence) in January 1962 rejecting it. The General Secretary of the Labour Party, Morgan Phillips, wrote to Wyatt, warning him that unless he dropped his advocacy for a Lib−Lab pact, he would be expelled from the party. Wyatt acquiesced.

paragraph: He was seen by some as a maverick and by others as a man of firm convictions which made him temperamentally unsuited to 'toeing the party line'. He rebelled in the 1964–1970 parliaments over steel nationalisation.

paragraph: His thirteen interviews with Bertrand Russell were published as "Bertrand Russell Speaks His Mind" (1960).

paragraph: Section::::Journalism and The Tote: 1970–1997.

paragraph: After ceasing to be an active politician, Wyatt was appointed by the Home Secretary, Roy Jenkins, as Chairman of the Horserace Totalisator Board from 1976–1997. At first he was an active chairman, rooting out corruption, but later grew complacent and the Tote stagnated. According to John McCririck: "The Tote had been bankrupt and he turned it round. He made is a force in betting. When he became chairman, the Tote was a total mess but he put it on the map by his sheer personality and flair along with the introduction of computerisation". However, a House of Commons Home Affairs Select Committee produced a report critical of Wyatt.

paragraph: Wyatt was a prolific journalist, with a diverse range of interests, and by the late 1970s he had crossed the political spectrum and became an admirer of Margaret Thatcher. After Thatcher's election as Conservative leader in 1975, she arranged a meeting with Wyatt. He later wrote: "She won me over. The strength of her determination and the simplicity of her rational ideas uncluttered by intellectual confusion convinced me that she was the first party leader I had met, apart from Gaitskell, who might check Britain's slide and possibly begin to reverse it. She did not seem much like a Tory but she had the Tory Party to work for her, which was a useful start".

paragraph: In July 1979 Roy Jenkins recorded in his diary after meeting Wyatt and Thatcher: "Woodrow is on very close terms with her, talks freely, easily, without self-consciousness, says anything he wants to". Wyatt would usually ring Thatcher after midnight or on Sunday mornings where he would give her advice. According to John Campbell, Thatcher did not always accept Wyatt's advice but "her ministers got sick of being told what 'Woodrow says' about this or that policy". He claims that when Geoffrey Howe complained in his memoirs that Thatcher preferred to listen to her private "voices" rather than to her colleagues and official advisers, "it was first and foremost of Wyatt that he was thinking".

paragraph: During this period his "News of the World" column, 'The Voice of Reason', was regularly attacked by Thatcher's political opponents. His column reached an audience of approximately seventeen million readers. During this time he was vocal in opposing sanctions against apartheid South Africa, writing that Nelson Mandela and the ANC were trying to establish "a communist-style black dictatorship". Wyatt visited South Africa in 1986 and during a visit to a game reserve he saw black and white children playing together, leading him to remark: "They are comrades. Oh, if the rest of South Africa could be like that". He also interviewed President Botha and put to him that he should unban the ANC.

paragraph: He was knighted in 1983 and was created a life peer on 3 February 1987 with the title Baron Wyatt of Weeford, "of Weeford in the County of Staffordshire". The Wyatt family had lived at Weeford in the seventeenth century.

paragraph: His autobiography, "Confessions of an Optimist", was published in 1985.

paragraph: In the mid-1980s he played a key role as Murdoch's fixer in brokering negotiations with the electricians' union, aiding News International to move to Wapping. He set up a newspaper and printing business with his third wife, which soon failed. On 31 August 1986 the Press Council censured Wyatt for an article he wrote in his "Voice of Reason" column. Wyatt had claimed that although Britain's Asian and black population were "generally well behaved", a substantial part of the latter were "lawless, drug-taking, violent and unemployable".

paragraph: After Thatcher's fall in 1990, Wyatt supported John Major. However, he temporarily dropped his support for Major after he sacked his Chancellor, Norman Lamont, in 1993. Wyatt helped Lamont write his resignation speech.

paragraph: In 2000, the journalist Petronella Wyatt, his daughter by his fourth marriage, published a book entitled "Father, Dear Father: Life with Woodrow Wyatt".

paragraph: Section::::"The Journals".

paragraph: Wyatt's caustic, candid and mischievously indiscreet diaries were published posthumously in three volumes as "The Journals of Woodrow Wyatt" by Macmillan and edited by Sarah Curtis. They are: volume 1 1985–88 (1998); volume 2 'Thatcher's Fall and Major's Rise', 1989–92, (1999); volume 3 'From Major to Blair', 1992 until three months before his death in December 1997, (2000).

paragraph: Andrew Neil in the "New Statesman" wrote of the diaries: "Wyatt has done the country a service in giving us the unalloyed truth about how this country's governing and social elite still operates", and the "Daily Express" called the journals "The most explosive political memoirs of modern times". However, the historian Robert Rhodes James "advised caution in believing them: 'Even if the diarist is not attempting to give a deliberately false version, a talented writer can easily over-dramatise...' There is plenty of internal evidence that Wyatt should be approached with a similar caution." Lord Blake, the Tory historian, called Wyatt a "notorious liar".

paragraph: Charles Moore, Thatcher's authorised biographer, claims Wyatt's journals "are a good source for the 'off duty' remarks and attitudes of many of the leading figures of the age, including Mrs Thatcher. They often reveal her private reactions to public events when she considered herself among friends".

paragraph: Section::::Marriages, children, and death.

paragraph: Wyatt was married four times, to:

paragraph: BULLET::::- First (div): Susan Cox, no issue. She was a fellow student at Oxford.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second (div): Nora Robbins, no issue. She was his secretary.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third (1957, dissolved 1966): Lady Moorea Hastings (1928–2011) daughter of the 16th Earl of Huntingdon and a granddaughter of Luisa Casati; one son: Hon. Pericles Plantagenet Wyatt.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fourth (1966): Veronica (Verushka) Banszky von Ambroz, née Racz, a Hungarian and widow of a surgeon; one daughter: journalist Petronella Wyatt (b. 1968).

paragraph: He arranged for cousins to take care of his first child when his wife made it clear she was not interested in doing so. When they divorced, he was awarded custody of his son.

paragraph: Wyatt was a first cousin of England Test cricketer Bob Wyatt. He was a descendent of the architectural Wyatt family.

paragraph: He was first cousin to Honor Wyatt, the mother of musician Robert Wyatt, whose alliance with the Communist Party of Great Britain, juxtaposed with Woodrow Wyatt's right-wing politics, led to Robert Wyatt referring to his relative as an "appalling man with a sadistic sense of superiority".

paragraph: He died in Camden, north London, aged 79.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Into the Dangerous World" (1952).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Southwards from China: A Survey of South East Asia since 1945" (1952).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Peril in Our Midst" (1956).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bertrand Russell speaks his Mind" (1960).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Turn Again, Westminster" (1973).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What's Left of the Labour Party?" (1977).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "To The Point" (1981).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Confessions of an Optimist" (1985).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Wyatt dies aged 79 – BBC News December 9, 1997

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Woodrow Wyatt

wikipedia_title: Woodrow Wyatt


text:
British
golf
major
Open Championship
1912
U.S. Open
1920
Ryder Cup
1927
Marais
Grouville
Jersey
Harry Vardon
Tom
billiards
lawn bowls
St Malo
1899 Open Championship
Churston
Devon
The Open Championship
Ganton Golf Club
Harry Vardon
South Herts Golf Club
Oxhey Golf Club
Watford
Hertfordshire
niblick
World War I
Great Triumvirate
James Braid
J.H. Taylor
Harry Vardon
George Duncan
Abe Mitchell
Open Championship
Muirfield
1912
Harry Vardon
James Braid
1925
Jim Barnes
1933
1937
U.S. Open
Harry Vardon
1913
Harry Vardon
Francis Ouimet
2005
Disney
The Greatest Game Ever Played
Mark Frost
North America
Lord Northcliffe
U.S. Open
Inverness
1920
Raymond Floyd
1986
1912 Open Championship
1920 U.S. Open
Daily Mail Tournament
Len Holland
Abe Mitchell
George Duncan
News of the World Match Play
James Braid
Harry Vardon
Oxhey
Jack Gaudin
Glasgow Herald Tournament
Abe Mitchell
Charles Whitcombe
News of the World Match Play
Glasgow Herald Tournament
Cruden Bay Professional Tournament
Roehampton Invitation Tournament
James Braid
J.H. Taylor
Harry Vardon
Arnaud Massy
Sandy Herd
Jack White
George Duncan
George Duncan
Rowland Jones
World War I
French Open
Arnaud Massy
Belgian Open
Tom Ball
George Duncan
Open Championship of Germany
Baden-Baden
Charles Mayo
J.H. Taylor
World War I
England–Scotland Professional Match
1911 Coronation Match
Harry Vardon
J. H. Taylor
Tom Vardon
Alfred Toogood
England–Scotland Professional Match
a match
George Duncan
Abe Mitchell
1926 international match
Wentworth Club
Surrey
Ryder Cup
Worcester Country Club
Massachusetts
Abe Mitchell
Peace Memorial Hospital
Oxhey Golf Club
Stephen Marcus
Bill Paxton
The Greatest Game Ever Played
Major championships
Leeds Cup
Leeds Cup
Leeds Cup
Bramshot Cup
Leeds Cup
Cruden Bay Professional Tournament
Cramond Brig Tournament
The Open Championship
Tooting Bec Cup
Leeds Cup
Tooting Bec Cup
U.S. Open
Daily Mail Tournament
Roehampton Invitation Tournament
West Kent Invitation Tournament
Frinton Invitation Tournament
England–Scotland Professional Match
1911
Great Britain vs USA
Ryder Cup
1927
Seniors vs Juniors

categories: Ryder Cup competitors for Europe,Jersey male golfers,1877 births,Winners of men's major golf championships

paragraph: Ted Ray (golfer)

paragraph: Edward Rivers John "Ted" Ray (6 April 1877 – 26 August 1943) was a British professional golfer, one of the leading players of the first quarter of the 20th century. He won two major championships, the Open Championship in 1912 and the U.S. Open in 1920, and contended in many others. He was captain of the British team in the inaugural Ryder Cup, in 1927.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ray was born at Marais, Grouville, Jersey on 6 April 1877, the son of Stephen Ray, the captain of an oyster trawler, and his wife, Mary Ann Arm. He learnt his golf on the Grouville Links, one of large number of local boys who later became professional golfers which included Harry Vardon, his brother Tom, the Gaudin brothers, the Boomer brothers and the Renouf brothers. Ray was a tall, well-built man who was known for his prodigious power, although his shots often landed in awful positions. In addition to his prowess on the golf course, he was also useful at billiards and lawn bowls.

paragraph: Section::::Golf career.

paragraph: Ray turned professional in 1894 at the age of 17, initially working as a club-maker before becoming a professional near St Malo. He played in the 1899 Open Championship finished in a tie for 16th place. Later in 1899 he took a position as a club professional at Churston Golf Club, Churston, Devon. During his time at Churston, he was encouraged by the club's committee to enter The Open Championships from 1900 to 1902, and was granted a week's leave of absence and five pounds for expenses each year. After leaving Churston, in early 1903, he became the head professional at Ganton Golf Club, replacing Harry Vardon who had left to join the South Herts Golf Club. In 1912 he took the position of golf professional at Oxhey Golf Club near Watford in Hertfordshire.

paragraph: Ray favoured an attacking style, and had to develop phenomenal recovery skills. Cartoonists usually depicted him with a niblick in hand, festooned with clumps of heather and saplings, with an inseparable pipe clamped between his teeth. Ray was admired by fans for his daring play, friendly, genial manner and optimistic spirit.

paragraph: Ray was also a fine clubmaker and advertised his business while the professional at Oxhey. He specialised in the production of drivers, mashies, and niblicks.

paragraph: Before World War I Ray was often overshadowed by the Great Triumvirate of James Braid, J.H. Taylor and Harry Vardon and then after the war by George Duncan and Abe Mitchell. Despite this he was one of the leading British golfers of the first quarter of the 20th century.

paragraph: Section::::Golf career.:Major championships.

paragraph: Ray had an excellent record in the Open Championship. He won the Open at Muirfield in 1912, leading after every round and finishing four strokes ahead of Harry Vardon and eight clear of James Braid in third place. He was runner-up twice, in 1913 and 1925, and had 9 other finishes in the top-10. His last top-10 finish was in 1925 when, at the age of 48, he finished joint runner-up, a stroke behind Jim Barnes. Ray had the best final round of 73, despite four-putting the ninth green.

paragraph: Ray played in 29 successive Open Championships from 1899 and 1932, his run ending when he failed to qualify in 1933. Ray's last appearance was in 1937, just after his 60th birthday. He had rounds of 76 and 81 to just make the qualifying score. In the championship itself he had rounds of 87 and 88 and missed the cut by 22 strokes.

paragraph: In addition to his appearances in the Open Championship, Ray also played three times in the U.S. Open, in 1913 and 1920, when he was touring America with Harry Vardon, and in 1927, when he was in America as part of the British Ryder Cup team.

paragraph: Ray is best known for being in a playoff for the U.S. Open in 1913 with Harry Vardon and Francis Ouimet, the winner. Ray had an opening round of 79 but he rebounded with a course record of 70 in round two which electrified the gallery and got him back into contention. He narrowly missed a 5-foot putt at the last that would have given him a 69. His four cards for the tournament were 79-70-76-79=304. Ray, Vardon and Ouimet played an 18-hole playoff the following day. All three took 38 for the first 9 holes but Ouimet came home in 34 to Vardon's 39 and Ray's 40 to win the title. Already two strokes behind Ouimet, Ray effectively dropped out of contention when he took 6 at the 15th. Vardon was only one behind Ouimet after 16 holes but finished 5–6 while Ouimet finished 3–4 to win by five shots.

paragraph: The 1913 U.S. Open was the subject of a 2005 Disney movie entitled, "The Greatest Game Ever Played", based on author Mark Frost's 2002 book of the same name. Ray had joined Vardon on an extensive tour of North America, promoted and financed by English media baron Lord Northcliffe. The two stars travelled the continent for two months, partnering in exhibition matches against the top players in each area they visited. The tour was very successful, attracting large crowds who came out to watch the top British players challenge emerging local golf talent at a time when golf was entering a boom period of popularity, which was further stimulated by the tour. Vardon and Ray ended their tour at the 1913 U.S. Open.

paragraph: Ray won the U.S. Open at Inverness in 1920, his second appearances in the championship. That victory, at , made Ray the oldest U.S. Open champion, a record he held until Raymond Floyd, a few months older, won in 1986.

paragraph: Section::::Golf career.:Tournament career.

paragraph: In addition to his wins in the 1912 Open Championship and the 1920 U.S. Open, Ray won a large number of other tournaments, although he had few wins in multi-day events. Most of his victories were in one-day 36-hole stroke-play events at which Ray excelled. Ray was also known for performing well in qualifying for the big tournaments; qualifying also generally being the one-day 36-hole stroke-play format.

paragraph: Apart from his Open Championship success, Ray only won one important stroke-play tournament, the 1923 Daily Mail Tournament. Ray scored 288 to win by a stroke from Len Holland and Abe Mitchell and two from George Duncan, taking the first prize of £300. Ray had been runner-up the previous year, finishing four shots behind Duncan.

paragraph: During Ray's playing career the most important British professional tournament was the News of the World Match Play, which had started in 1903. Ray reached the final in the first season, meeting James Braid in the 36-hole final. Braid led by 1 hole after the first round. In the afternoon Braid won 3 of the first 5 holes to go 4 up and, although Ray won the next two, Braid eventually won 4&3. Ray had another good run in 1907 until he met Braid in the semi-final and lost again by the same score. In 1911 Ray beat Harry Vardon in the semi-final to reach his second final, meeting Braid again. Braid was 1 up after the morning round and, winning five holes in a row from the 3rd, was 6 up with 9 holes to play. Ray then won five of the next eight holes to take the match to the final hole. They halved this in 4 to give Braid the win by 1 hole. Ray reached the final again the following year, 1912, meeting Harry Vardon. This was Vardon's only appearance in the News of the World final. Vardon was 3 up after the morning round but Ray had levelled the match with five holes to play. Vardon won the next two holes and, although Ray won the 17th, a half in 4 at the last left Vardon the winner by 1 hole. Ray reached his fifth semi-final in 1921, played at his home club, Oxhey, where he met his Jersey contemporary Jack Gaudin. Ray got off to a bad start and was 6 down after 10 hole and, although he made something of a recovery, he eventually lost 3&2.

paragraph: From 1920 to 1927 there was a second big match-play event, the Glasgow Herald Tournament. Ray reached two finals, 1922 and 1927. In 1922 he met Abe Mitchell in the final. Ray led by three after 11 holes of the morning round, but Mitchell finished well to level the match at lunch. Mitchell took a three-hole lead after the first nine holes of the afternoon round and eventually won 2&1, his second successive win in the tournament. In 1927 Ray met Charles Whitcombe in the final. The match was very one-sided with Whitcombe 5-up at lunch. After 8 holes of the afternoon round Whitcombe was dormie-10. Ray won the 9th but Whitcombe won the 10th to win 10&8.

paragraph: Although Ray failed to win either the News of the World Match Play or the Glasgow Herald Tournament, he did win two match-play tournaments, the Cruden Bay Professional Tournament in 1911 and the Roehampton Invitation Tournament in 1924. These both had the same format, with a 36-hole stroke-play qualification day after which the leading 16 played four rounds of match-play on the next two days. 1911 Cruden Bay Tournament attracted an exceptionally strong field of 44 which, as well as James Braid, J.H. Taylor and Harry Vardon, included ex-Open champions Arnaud Massy, Sandy Herd and Jack White, future Open champions George Duncan and Ray and most of the leading England-based professionals. Red led the qualifying by four strokes with rounds of 74 and 73, the 73 being a new course record. Ray met Braid in the final, Braid having beaten both Taylor and Vardon in the previous two rounds. Braid holed a 12-yard putt at the last to halve the match and they were still level after a further 9-hole playoff. The match then became sudden-death and, with Braid going out-of-bounds, Ray won the match at the 28th hole.

paragraph: The 1924 Roehampton Invitation Tournament was played in early April. Ray qualified comfortably in a tie for third place. The first day of the knock-out stage was abandoned because of snow and, although conditions were little better on the following day, the two rounds were completed. The final day was again cold and wet with the players drinking cups of hot coffee at the turn. Ray beat George Duncan 4&3 in the semi-final and then 53-year-old Rowland Jones by 1 hole in the final.

paragraph: Before World War I Ray, like many of the other leading British professionals, was a regular competitor in the main continental open championships of which the most important was the French Open. Ray's best finish in the French Open was in 1911 when he was runner-up, 7 strokes behind Arnaud Massy. In 1912 Ray twice came close to winning on the continent. In July, soon after his Open Championship success, he played in the Belgian Open, then a one-day 36-hole event. Ray tied with Tom Ball and George Duncan on 144. Despite having already played 36 holes, the three then played an 18-hole playoff in the evening. Duncan won with a 70 with Ray runner-up after a 71 and Ball taking 78. The following month he played in the self-styled Open Championship of Germany at Baden-Baden which offered prize money of £500, four times that of the Open Championship. The prize money attracted most of the leading British professionals. Ray lost two balls in his first round of 75, taking 7 on both holes, 10 behind the leader, Charles Mayo. Ray took 66 in the afternoon but trailed J.H. Taylor by 8 strokes at the end of the first day. Scoring was generally higher on the second day but Ray had rounds of 68 and 70 to finish level with Taylor. A nine-hole playoff was arranged in the evening. Taylor started 2–3–2 and won with an incredible score of 28 to Ray's 34, Ray taking the second prize of £80.

paragraph: Section::::Golf career.:International representation.

paragraph: Ray was an automatic choice for all the main internationals during his career. Before World War I, the England–Scotland Professional Match was the most important professional team competition. Ray was selected for the England team in all these matches, which started in 1903, as well as the 1911 Coronation Match. During this period the players were seeded, so that the best players played each other, while those regarded as the weakest players also played together. In most years from 1903 to 1909 Ray was seeded 4th in the England team, behind Harry Vardon, J. H. Taylor and Tom Vardon, although he played to 5th in 1905 behind Alfred Toogood and 3rd in 1906 ahead of Tom Vardon. Ray played 3rd in 1910 and 1912 and 2nd in 1913 ahead of J. H. Taylor.

paragraph: The England–Scotland Professional Match was not played immediately after the war, and in fact did not resume until 1932. Ted Ray was the non-playing Captain of the England team in 1933. The first important post-war international was a match between British and American teams in 1921 at Gleneagles. Ray played 3rd in the singles, behind George Duncan and Abe Mitchell. Ray was chosen as the British playing-captain for the 1926 international match on the East Course at the Wentworth Club in Surrey. The following year, despite having passed his 50th birthday, Ray was selected for the inaugural Ryder Cup match at Worcester Country Club in Massachusetts. Abe Mitchell was originally chosen as captain but was unable to travel because of illness, and was replaced by Ray.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Ray died on 26 August 1943 in the Peace Memorial Hospital, Watford, England. He had retired from his post as professional at Oxhey Golf Club on 1 May 1940 because of ill-health.

paragraph: He is remembered as one of the United Kingdoms's all-time greatest golfers.

paragraph: Section::::Media depiction.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ray was portrayed by English actor Stephen Marcus in director Bill Paxton's 2005 film "The Greatest Game Ever Played".

paragraph: BULLET::::- In March 2018 Bill Williams authored a book entitled "Ted Ray – The Forgotten Man of Golf" and is about Ted Ray's life, career, and his three trips to North America in 1913, 1920 as well as 1927 when he captained Great Britain's first Ryder Cup team.

paragraph: Section::::Tournament wins (46).

paragraph: Major championships are shown in bold.

paragraph: Section::::Tournament wins (46).:Singles professional wins (16).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1903 Leeds Cup

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1907 Leeds Cup

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1910 Leeds Cup, Bramshot Cup

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1911 Leeds Cup, Cruden Bay Professional Tournament

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1912 Cramond Brig Tournament, The Open Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1913 Tooting Bec Cup

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 Leeds Cup

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1920 Tooting Bec Cup, U.S. Open

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923 Daily Mail Tournament

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924 Roehampton Invitation Tournament

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925 West Kent Invitation Tournament

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927 Frinton Invitation Tournament

paragraph: Section::::Tournament wins (46).:Other singles professional wins (25).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1899 Hampshire, Isle of Weight & Channel Islands Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1903 News of the World Northern Section qualifying at Huddersfield

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1906 News of the World Northern Section qualifying at Ganton

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1907 Hyeres Professional Tournament (France)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1909 Open Championship Qualifying, News of the World Northern Section qualifying at Blackpool

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1910 News of the World Northern Section qualifying at Bradford

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1911 Le Touquet Tournament (France)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1912 News of the World Southern Section qualifying at Sundridge Park

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1914 Open Championship Qualifying

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 News of the World Southern Section qualifying at Sonning-on-Thames

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1921 Hertfordshire Open Championship, News of the World Southern Section qualifying at Porters Park

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1922 Hertfordshire Open Championship, Daily Mail Southern Section qualifying at Sudbury

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923 Hertfordshire Open Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924 Hertfordshire Open Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926 PGA Southern Section (18 holes)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1928 Hertfordshire Open Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1930 Short Course Championship (Torquay), Daily Dispatch Qualifying, Hertfordshire Open Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931 Hertfordshire Open Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933 Hertfordshire Open Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 Hertfordshire Open Championship

paragraph: Section::::Tournament wins (46).:Foursomes (5).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1908 Yorkshire Professional Foursomes Cup (with A. Hayles)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1909 Yorkshire Professional Foursomes Cup (with H. Mann)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1910 Yorkshire Professional Foursomes Cup (with T. Tate)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1911 Yorkshire Professional Foursomes Cup (with T. Tate)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925 Bystander Cup £500 Tournament (with Miss Stocker)

paragraph: Section::::Major championships.

paragraph: Section::::Major championships.:Results timeline.

paragraph: "Note: Ray only played in The Open Championship and the U.S. Open."br

paragraph: NT = No tournamentbr

paragraph: CUT = missed the half-way cutbr

paragraph: "T" indicates a tie for a place

paragraph: Section::::Team appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- England–Scotland Professional Match (representing England): 1903, 1904 (tie), 1905 (tie), 1906 (winners), 1907 (winners), 1909 (winners), 1910 (winners), 1912 (tie), 1913 (winners)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coronation Match (representing the Professionals): 1911 (winners)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Great Britain vs USA (representing Great Britain): 1921 (winners), 1926 (winners, captain)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ryder Cup (representing Great Britain): 1927 (captain)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seniors vs Juniors (representing the Seniors): 1928 (winners)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inland Golf (1913) (as Edward Ray)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Golf Clubs and How to Use Them (1922) (as Edward Ray)

description: professional golfer

wikidata_label: Ted Ray

wikipedia_title: Ted Ray (golfer)


text: rock

text: Seether

text: Merchiston Preparatory School

text: Maritzburg College

text: Pietermaritzburg

text: Seattle

text: grunge

text: Nirvana

text: Nevermind

text: Creed

text: Tom Petty

text: Dale Stewart

text: Wind-up Records

text: Veruca Salt

text: Disclaimer

text: Disclaimer II

text: Karma and Effect

text: Finding Beauty in Negative Spaces

text: Isolate and Medicate

text: Poison the Parish

text: One Cold Night

text: Lynyrd Skynyrd

text: John 5

text: Last of a Dyin' Breed

text: Nirvana

text: Portishead

text: Silverchair

text: The Beatles

text: Metallica

text: Stone Temple Pilots

text: Nine Inch Nails

text: Mad Season

text: Rage Against the Machine

text: Black Sabbath

text: Korn

text: Soundgarden

text: Led Zeppelin

text: Alice in Chains

text: Pearl Jam

text: Deftones

text: Schecter

text: PRS

text: Evanescence

text: Amy Lee

text: rehab

text: Call Me When You're Sober

text: killed himself

text: Rapid City, South Dakota

text: Rise Above This

text: Tennessee

text: Disclaimer

text: Disclaimer II

text: Karma and Effect

text: Finding Beauty in Negative Spaces

text: Isolate and Medicate

text: Poison the Parish

text: One Cold Night

text: iTunes Originals – Seether

text: Art of Dying

text: HURT

text: Goodbye to the Machine

text: Alice in Chains

text: Brent Smith

text: Shinedown

text: Tampa

text: Florida

categories: Place of birth missing (living people),1978 births,People from Pietermaritzburg,Afrikaner people,Nu metal singers,South African musicians,White South African people,South African male singers,Alumni of Maritzburg College,Living people,Seether members

paragraph: Shaun Morgan

paragraph: Shaun Morgan Welgemoed (, born 21 December 1978), known publicly as Shaun Morgan, is a South African musician. He is the singer, songwriter, and guitarist for South African rock band Seether.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Morgan spent all of his early life in Zimbabwe. His parents divorced when he was still a child. Morgan is one of three children; he had a brother, Eugene, who took his own life in 2007, and a sister, Lucy. He was a student at Merchiston Preparatory School and Maritzburg College in Pietermaritzburg, where he became a prolific front-row rugby player for his age-group's top teams in his first three years of high school. In his third year of playing rugby, Morgan injured his back and was unable to play anymore, which then led to him following his passion of playing guitar.

paragraph: At the age of 14, he discovered the Seattle grunge movement after listening to Nirvana’s "Nevermind" album, which inspired him to become a musician.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Prior to forming the band Saron Gas, Morgan was a member of a tribute band, covering songs by musicians such as Creed and Tom Petty. In May 1999, the band Saron Gas was created. They were originally a four-piece, but when the singer and guitarist did not turn up to the first practice, the band decided to stay as a three-piece, with Morgan on lead vocals and guitar. Saron Gas enjoyed moderate success before the bass player decided to quit in January 2000, causing Morgan to get in touch with the only other good bass player he knew, Dale Stewart. The band released an album later that year, entitled "Fragile".

paragraph: In January 2002, they relocated to the United States to sign with Wind-up Records. During this time, the band’s original drummer returned home to South Africa, whilst the two remaining members were left to think of a new band name, at the request of Wind-up. Eventually they settled on Seether, after the Veruca Salt song of the same name. Around this time, Morgan decided to use his middle name as his last name professionally while performing for Seether because some Americans have a hard time pronouncing "Welgemoed". Seether went on to release their debut major-label album, "Disclaimer", on 20 August 2002, which was remixed and rereleased as "Disclaimer II" with a few additional songs in 2004.

paragraph: Since then, Seether has released five more studio albums: "Karma and Effect" (2005), "Finding Beauty in Negative Spaces" (2007), "Holding Onto Strings Better Left to Fray" (2011), "Isolate and Medicate" (2014), and "Poison the Parish" (2017). In addition, they released the live CD/DVD "One Cold Night" in 2006.

paragraph: In 2013, Morgan collaborated with Hall of Fame band Lynyrd Skynyrd and guitarist John 5 on "Sad Song", a track that appeared on the special edition of Lynyrd Skynyrd's album "Last of a Dyin' Breed".

paragraph: Bands that have influenced Morgan include Nirvana, Portishead, Silverchair, The Beatles, Metallica, Stone Temple Pilots, Nine Inch Nails, Mad Season, Rage Against the Machine, Black Sabbath, Korn, Soundgarden, Led Zeppelin, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Deftones.

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.

paragraph: Shaun uses Schecter guitars, and he has a signature model with the brand. He was originally offered an endorsement and a signature model with PRS, but declined. He also uses Mesa/Boogie amplifiers, specifically the Triple Rectifier.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: From 2003 to 2005, Morgan dated Evanescence singer Amy Lee. Morgan checked into rehab in July 2006. Lee wrote the song "Call Me When You're Sober" about her relationship with him.

paragraph: In August 2007, Morgan's brother Eugene Welgemoed killed himself, just a few weeks before "Finding Beauty in Negative Spaces" was released. As the album was finished, there was no delay to its issue, but the record was dedicated to Eugene and featured a memorial. Eugene jumped to his death shortly after midnight on Monday, 13 August 2007, from an eighth-floor window of the Radisson Hotel in Rapid City, South Dakota. According to police, no foul play was suspected in the death, and it was ruled a suicide after an investigation. Morgan has 1308 tattooed on his four right fingers, and 2007 on his four left fingers. These numbers mark the date Eugene died. Seether's song "Rise Above This" is a tribute to Eugene.

paragraph: Morgan has been awarded The National Council's 2016 Artistic Expression Impact Award of Excellence.

paragraph: He is currently engaged to Jordan Kirby. They have a daughter named Lily. The family lives in Tennessee.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Saron Gas.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fragile" (1999)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Seether.

paragraph: Studio albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Disclaimer" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Disclaimer II" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Karma and Effect" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Finding Beauty in Negative Spaces" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Holding Onto Strings Better Left to Fray" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Isolate and Medicate" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poison the Parish" (2017)

paragraph: Live albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- "One Cold Night" (2006)

paragraph: Digital albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- "iTunes Originals – Seether" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rhapsody Originals – Seether" (2008)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art of Dying featuring Shaun Morgan – "Die Trying" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- HURT featuring Shaun Morgan – "World Ain't Right" on the album "Goodbye to the Machine" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Acoustic cover of Alice in Chains' "Nutshell", with Brent Smith, lead singer of Shinedown. The song is featured on "", which is a radio station based in Tampa, Florida.

description: South African musician

wikidata_label: Shaun Morgan

wikipedia_title: Shaun Morgan


text:
Angoumois
Francis, Duke of Guise
Spain
Spanish
spy
Huguenot
Francis, Duke of Guise
Catholic
Orléans
drawn and quartered
Coligny
vendetta
Henry I, Duke of Guise
Louis II, Cardinal of Guise
Wars of Religion
Henri of Navarre
Margaret of Valois
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
Ken Follet
A Column of Fire
London
T. A. D'Aubigné
Société de l'histoire de France
A. de Ruble
Paris

categories: 16th-century executions by France,French nobility,French people of the French Wars of Religion,Failed assassins,Huguenots,1563 deaths,Executed French people,1530s births

paragraph: Jean de Poltrot

paragraph: Jean de Poltrot (c. 1537 – 1563), sieur de Méré or Mérey, was a nobleman of Angoumois, who murdered Francis, Duke of Guise.

paragraph: He had lived some time in Spain, and his knowledge of Spanish, together with his swarthy complexion, which earned him the nickname of the "Espagnolet", procured him employment as a spy in the wars against Spain.

paragraph: Having been converted to the Huguenot cause, he determined to kill Francis, Duke of Guise. Pretending to be a deserter, he gained admission to the camp of the Catholic army that was besieging Orléans. In the evening of 18 February 1563, he hid by the side of a road along which he knew the Duke would pass, fired a pistol at him, and fled.

paragraph: He was captured the next day, and following torture and a trial, he was sentenced to be drawn and quartered. The punishment, carried out on 18 March 1563, was botched; the horses having failed to rend his limbs, swords were used to finish the job.

paragraph: During his torture, he had made several contradictory statements, some of which implicated Admiral Coligny. Coligny protested emphatically against the accusation, but nevertheless the assassination led to a vendetta between Coligny and Francis's sons, Henry I, Duke of Guise and Louis II, Cardinal of Guise. This vendetta not only prolonged the Wars of Religion but contributed to the attempted assassination of Coligny during the celebrations of the marriage of Henri of Navarre with Margaret of Valois, and therefore to the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.

paragraph: Section::::In literature.

paragraph: De Poltrot's assassination of Duke Francis and his subsequent trial and execution are described in Ken Follet's historical novel "A Column of Fire".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- This work in turn cites:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mémoires du prince de Condé" (London, 1743)

paragraph: BULLET::::- T. A. D'Aubigné, "Histoire universelle" (ed. by de Ruble, Société de l'histoire de France, 1886)

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. de Ruble, "L'Assassinat du duc François de Lorraine" (Paris, 1897)

description: French assassin

wikidata_label: Jean de Poltrot

wikipedia_title: Jean de Poltrot


text: British

text: peer

text: John Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset

text: Knole Park

text: Kent

text: Lionel

categories: West family,1888 deaths,Younger sons of earls,Sackville family,1820 births,Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,Gentlemen Ushers

paragraph: Mortimer Sackville-West, 1st Baron Sackville (22 September 1820 – 1 October 1888), was a British peer and court official.

paragraph: Sackville-West was the fourth son of George Sackville-West, 5th Earl De La Warr, and Elizabeth Sackville, 1st Baroness Buckhurst, younger daughter and co-heir of John Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset. On the death of his kinsman Charles Sackville-Germain, 5th Duke of Dorset, in 1843, the dukedom and its subsidiary titles became extinct. Large parts of the Sackville estates passed to the West family through Elizabeth. The Sackville-Wests inherited parts of the estates by arrangement, notably the estate of Knole Park in Kent.

paragraph: During his career Sackville-West held several high appointments within the Royal household. In 1876 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Sackville, of Knole in the County of Kent. The peerage was created with special remainder, failing heirs male of his body, to his younger brothers Lionel and William Edward. He died in 1888, aged 68, and was succeeded in the barony according to the special remainder by his younger brother Lionel.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). "Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage" (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

description: British Baron


text: American football

text: wide receiver

text: National Football League

text: college football

text: Utah State

text: St. Louis Rams

text: 2003 NFL Draft

text: Philadelphia Eagles

text: Miami Dolphins

text: Kansas City Chiefs

text: Tennessee Titans

text: Bingham High School

text: South Jordan, Utah

text: letterman

text: NJCAA

text: Snow College

text: All-America

text: Utah State

text: All-America

text: Chris Cooley

text: 40-yard dash

text: NFL Combine

text: Wonderlic

text: Ryan Fitzpatrick

text: Benjamin Watson

text: Wonderlic

text: Pat McInally

text: Mike Mamula

text: St. Louis Rams

text: 2003 NFL Draft

text: 2004 playoffs

text: DeAngelo Hall

text: Philadelphia Eagles

text: Isaac Bruce

text: Torry Holt

text: Andy Reid

text: Detroit Lions

text: Lee Evans

text: Steve Largent

text: Reggie Brown's

text: Buffalo Bills

text: Irving Fryar

text: Fred Barnett

text: Terrell Owens

text: San Francisco 49ers

text: Miami Dolphins

text: Kansas City Chiefs

text: Tennessee Titans

text: Mormon

text: Mormon mission

text: London, England

text: orchiectomy

text: testicular cancer

text: Philadelphia Eagles bio

categories: 1978 births,People from Murray, Utah,Snow Badgers football players,Kansas City Chiefs players,St. Louis Rams players,20th-century Mormon missionaries,Philadelphia Eagles players,American football wide receivers,Players of American football from Utah,Utah State Aggies football players,Miami Dolphins players,Tennessee Titans players,American Mormon missionaries in England,Testicular cancer survivors,Living people

paragraph: Kevin Curtis

paragraph: Kevin DeeVon Curtis (born July 17, 1978) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Utah State and was drafted by the St. Louis Rams in the third round of the 2003 NFL Draft. He also played for the Philadelphia Eagles, Miami Dolphins, Kansas City Chiefs and Tennessee Titans.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Curtis attended Bingham High School in South Jordan, Utah and was a letterman in football and basketball. In football, he was an All-Region honoree as both a wide receiver and as a defensive back.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Curtis began his collegiate career at NJCAA junior college powerhouse Snow College where he earned Second-Team All-America Honors. He then transferred to Utah State.

paragraph: Curtis started his Utah State career as a walk-on. As a junior, he led the nation in receptions, earning him third-team All-America honors. Kevin also broke many Utah State single-season records along the way including pass receptions (100), receiving yards (1,531), most 10-reception games (6), most 100-yard receiving games (9), and most consecutive 100-yard receiving games (6). He was also named his team's Offensive MVP. His tremendous play as a junior earned him a scholarship for his senior year where he ranked seventh in the nation in receiving yards per game (114.36), and 12th in the country in receptions per game (6.73). He also led the Aggies with 74 receptions (fifth-best season total in school history) for 1,258 yards (fifth-best in a single season) and scored 60 points to lead the team with an average of 117.4 all-purpose yards a game. In only two years at Utah State he ended his career leading in many statistical categories including career receptions (174), career pass reception yards per game (126.8), career pass receptions per game (7.9), and finished second in career receiving yards (2,789). He was teammates with Washington Redskins tight end Chris Cooley.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Curtis ran a hand-timed 40-yard dash of 4.21 but a 4.35 at the NFL Combine; at the Combine, he scored a 48 out of a possible 50 points on the Wonderlic intelligence test. This is tied for the highest verified score among active players (Ryan Fitzpatrick and Benjamin Watson also scored 48). The only two players that scored higher on the Wonderlic Test were Pat McInally with a perfect 50 and Mike Mamula with a 49.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:St. Louis Rams (2003–2006).

paragraph: Curtis was drafted by the St. Louis Rams in the 3rd round (74th overall) of the 2003 NFL Draft. Curtis was inactive for the first five games of 2003 after suffering a broken fibula in the final preseason game at Buffalo. In 2004, Curtis played in all but one game, totaling 32 catches for 421 yards and 2 touchdowns. The Rams would finish just 8-8 that year, barely making the playoffs.

paragraph: In the 2004 playoffs, Curtis and the Rams made history. In their wildcard game against the Seahawks, Curtis had four catches for 107 yards. The Rams would win the game, becoming the first playoff team in NFL history to win a game without having a winning record. In their divisional playoff loss at Atlanta the following week, Curtis caught seven passes for 128 yards and a 57-yard touchdown catch where he beat Falcons' cornerback DeAngelo Hall. Curtis became the 2nd player in NFL history to have two back-to-back 100-yard receiving games in the playoffs before ever recording one in the regular season.

paragraph: His playoff performance proved to be no fluke, as Curtis had an impressive 2005. On the year, Curtis recorded 60 receptions, 801 yards and six touchdowns, all of which were second on the team. He also had a rushing touchdown in a win against the Saints that year. Curtis would again be the Rams slot receiver in 2006.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Philadelphia Eagles (2007–2010).

paragraph: On March 15, 2007, Curtis signed a 6-year, $32 million deal with the Philadelphia Eagles, including $9.5 million in guaranteed money. Curtis spent his whole career behind potential Hall of Famers Isaac Bruce and Torry Holt. Now, free from their shadow, he set career highs in his first year with the Eagles and finished the year with 1,110 yards, 77 receptions and 6 touchdowns. He was the eleventh receiver in Eagles history to reach over 1,000 receiving yards, and just the second to under Andy Reid.

paragraph: Curtis had his best game on September 23, 2007 in the first half of a 56-21 Eagles win over the Detroit Lions. His nine catches for 205 yards and three touchdowns tied Lee Evans for the most receiving yards during the first half of a game since 1987, when Steve Largent had 224 yards during a replacement game. Curtis finished the day with 11 catches for 221 yards and three touchdowns. He became the first player in NFL history to recover his own team's fumble for a touchdown in back-to-back games when he fell on Reggie Brown's fumble in the 3rd quarter against the Buffalo Bills on December 30, 2007. He recovered a McNabb fumble for a score a week earlier at the New Orleans Saints on December 23, 2007. With his 77 receptions in 2007, became just the 4th wide receiver in Eagles history to record 75-or-more catches in a single season, joining Irving Fryar (88 in 1996, 86 in 1997), Fred Barnett (78 in 1994), and Terrell Owens (77 in 2004).

paragraph: In 2008, Curtis only played 9 games in the season due to injury. He had surgery on August 21, 2008 to repair a sports hernia and was inactive for the first six games of the season. He was also inactive at Washington on December 21, 2008, with a calf strain. However, he had highlights against Cleveland, Curtis caught 4 receptions for 45 yards and a touchdown. In the season Curtis caught 33 balls for 390 yards, and two touchdowns. His return helped engineer an improbable run to the playoffs for Philadelphia, where the 5-5-1 Eagles would go 9-6-1 (6-3-1 in games Curtis played), and make it to the NFC Championship game. He led the team with 122 receiving yards on four catches in the NFC Championship game at Arizona on January 18, 2009, which tied a franchise postseason record among wide receivers.

paragraph: In 2009, Curtis played in the Eagles first two games of the season, before requiring arthroscopic surgery on his left knee. He missed twelve games because of it, and did not return until week 15 against the San Francisco 49ers. He was released by the Eagles on March 18, 2010. He later attended workouts for the Giants and Lions but was not offered a contract.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Later career (2010–2011).

paragraph: During the 2010 offseason, Curtis underwent treatment for testicular cancer. After a successful surgery in September, Curtis announced he would be returning to the NFL.

paragraph: Curtis was signed by the Miami Dolphins on December 13, 2010. He managed just one catch for six yards in the two games he played. On December 28, 2010, he was released by the Dolphins. On January 5, 2011, Curtis signed with the Kansas City Chiefs prior to their playoff game against the Ravens. Curtis played 30 snaps in the Chiefs' playoff loss, catching one pass for three yards.

paragraph: On August 26, 2011, he signed with the Tennessee Titans. He signed in time to play in the preseason finale, where he caught two passes for 20 yards. However, Curtis broke his left hand in the game, and was placed on injured reserve before the season officially started.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Curtis is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints also known as the Mormon faith; after high school, he served a two-year Mormon mission in London, England.

paragraph: On September 23, 2010, Curtis received an orchiectomy due to testicular cancer, at the Huntsman Cancer Institute.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philadelphia Eagles bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Kevin Curtis

wikipedia_title: Kevin Curtis


text: aviator

text: United States Navy

text: World War II

text: rear admiral

text: Paducah, Kentucky

text: University of Kentucky

text: United States Naval Academy

text: F4U Corsair

text: F6F Hellcat

text: A6M2 Zero

text: Green Cove Springs, Florida

text: seaplane tender

text: Formosa

text: Korean War

text: Naval Air Station Memphis

text: Barrier Atlantic

text: Argentia

text: Seventh Fleet

text: Litton Industries

text: Beverly Hills

text: diabetes

text: Christmas Eve

text: Distinguished Flying Cross

text: gold star

text: Legion of Merit

text: Air Medal

text: Distinguished Service Order

text: University of Kentucky

text: Naval Aviation Hall of Honor

text: "AIR: From the Snare of the Fowler"

text: TIME

text: Special Collection & Archives

text: Nimitz Library

text: United States Naval Academy

categories: American naval personnel of World War II,Recipients of the Legion of Merit,Recipients of the Air Medal,United States Navy pilots of World War II,1905 births,United States Navy admirals,Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States),1967 deaths,United States Naval Aviators,American naval personnel of the Korean War

paragraph: Joseph C. Clifton

paragraph: Joseph C. Clifton (October 31, 1908 – December 24, 1967) was a naval officer and aviator of the United States Navy in World War II, ultimately advancing to the rank of rear admiral before his retirement in 1963.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Clifton was born in Paducah, Kentucky. He attended the University of Kentucky in 1926 and graduated from the United States Naval Academy, where he was an All-Eastern fullback, in 1930. Clifton was assigned to the battleship and was designated a Naval Aviator in 1932.

paragraph: He served with a number of ships and flying squadrons, including the VF-2 "Flying Chiefs". From 1942 until 1944, he commanded the VF-12 "Peg Legs" flying F4U Corsairs and later F6F Hellcats from . During this period, he flew a captured A6M2 Zero, obtaining valuable technical data that was used to refine fighter tactics against the Japanese.

paragraph: In 1944, Clifton was named Commander of Air Group 12, which combined air groups from and "Saratoga".

paragraph: In 1945, he was officer-in-charge of fighter indoctrination in Advanced Training, at Naval Air Station, Green Cove Springs, Florida. In 1945-46, he was executive officer and then commanding officer of .

paragraph: Clifton was assigned to the Air Warfare Division Office from 1946–49, and the Fleet Logistics Support Wing, Pacific Area, 1949. He was the commander of Transport Squadron 8, 1948–51, also serving as commanding officer of the seaplane tender off Formosa during the Korean War.

paragraph: Clifton was deputy chief of staff training and Staff Commander, Air Forces, Pacific Fleet, 1952–53; commander of Naval Air Station Memphis, 1954–56; and commander of Barrier Atlantic, and also Airborne Early Warning Wing Atlantic and Fleet Air Detachment, Argentia, 1956–58. From 1958 to 1960, he headed the Naval Air Advanced Training Command, and in 1960 commanded Carrier Division 7, the Seventh Fleet. He was chief of naval air technical training at Memphis before finally retiring in July 1963.

paragraph: After retirement, he became associated with Litton Industries in Beverly Hills, California.

paragraph: Clifton died following complications from diabetes on Christmas Eve, 1967, in Santa Monica, California.

paragraph: Clifton's life is commemorated with a street bearing his name in his hometown of Paducah, Kentucky.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: For his service in World War II, Clifton was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, with gold star, the Legion of Merit twice, the Air Medal, and the British Distinguished Service Order.

paragraph: He was named to the University of Kentucky Hall of Distinguished Alumni in February 1965, and to the Naval Aviation Hall of Honor in 1996.

paragraph: Section::::Joseph C. Clifton Award.

paragraph: The "Joseph C. Clifton Trophy" was awarded for the first time in 1968, to VF-51. The award recognizes meritorious achievement by a fighter squadron while deployed aboard a carrier.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "AIR: From the Snare of the Fowler", "TIME", July 10, 1944

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph Clinton Clifton Papers, 1926-1971 MS 204 held by Special Collection & Archives, Nimitz Library at the United States Naval Academy

description: Rear Admiral, United States Navy

wikidata_label: Joseph C. Clifton

wikipedia_title: Joseph C. Clifton


text: Old Norse

text: Berestove

text: prince of Novgorod

text: grand Prince of Kiev

text: Kievan Rus'

text: Sviatoslav

text: Rurik dynasty

text: Novgorod

text: Scandinavia

text: Yaropolk

text: Oleg

text: Rus'

text: Sweden

text: Ladejarl

text: Håkon Sigurdsson

text: Norway

text: Varangian

text: Novgorod

text: Yaropolk

text: Kievan realm

text: Belarus

text: Russia

text: Ukraine

text: Baltic Sea

text: Bulgarian

text: Baltic tribes

text: Slavic paganism

text: Christianity

text: Christianized the Kievan Rus'

text: natural son

text: Sviatoslav I of Kiev

text: Malusha

text: Norse saga

text: Dobrynya

text: Olga of Kiev

text: Budyatychi

text: Volyn Oblast

text: Ukraine

text: Pskov Oblast

text: Russia

text: Pereyaslavets

text: Novgorod the Great

text: Yaropolk

text: Pechenegs

text: Oleg

text: Drevlians

text: Haakon Sigurdsson

text: Norway

text: Norse

text: warriors

text: Rogvolod

text: Polotsk

text: Rogneda

text: Smolensk

text: knyaz

text: Kievan Rus

text: Cherven towns

text: Poles

text: Vyatichi

text: Yatvingians

text: Radimichs

text: Volga Bulgars

text: Christianity

text: paganism

text: Primary Chronicle

text: boyar

text: chronicler Nestor

text: Muslim

text: Bulgarians of the Volga

text: taboo

text: alcoholic beverage

text: pork

text: Jewish

text: loss of Jerusalem

text: God

text: Latin Rite Christian

text: Eastern Rite Christian

text: Eastern Orthodox Christianity

text: Constantinople

text: Divine Liturgy

text: Hagia Sophia

text: Chersonesos

text: Crimea

text: Basil II

text: Anna

text: Byzantine

text: "born in the purple"

text: destroyed pagan monuments

text: St. Basil

text: Church of the Tithes

text: Arab

text: Yahya of Antioch

text: al-Rudhrawari

text: al-Makin

text: Al-Dimashqi

text: ibn al-Athir

text: Bardas Sclerus

text: Bardas Phocas

text: Pecheneg

text: Metiga

text: Kuchug

text: twelve sons

text: Primary Chronicle

text: Belgorod

text: White Croats

text: Ukraine

text: Pechenegs

text: Kiev

text: Boleslav I of Poland

text: Stephen I of Hungary

text: A Tale of the Bygone Years

text: Otto the Great

text: Yaroslav the Wise

text: relic

text: (Church, or Cathedral, of the Tithes)

text: Varangian

text: Czech

text: Helena Lekapene

text: Yaropolk I

text: Sviatopolk the Accursed

text: Rogneda

text: Rogvolod

text: Izyaslav of Polotsk

text: Yaroslav the Wise

text: Rostov

text: Boris

text: Tale of Bygone Years

text: Volyn

text: Estrid Svendsdatter

text: Mstislav of Chernigov

text: Tmutarakan

text: Chernigov

text: Malfrida

text: concubine

text: Bolesław I Chrobry

text: Gesta principum Polonorum

text: Arpadians

text: Bolesław I Chrobry

text: Boris

text: Murom

text: Volga Bolgars

text: Gleb

text: Anna Porphyrogenita

text: Sudislav

text: Pskov

text: Nikon

text: Malfrida

text: Anna Porphyrogenita

text: posadnik

text: Ostromir

text: Dobrynya

text: Otto the Great

text: Maria Dobroniega of Kiev

text: Casimir I the Restorer

text: Bernard, Margrave of the Nordmark

text: Niketas Choniates

text: Eastern Orthodox

text: Byzantine Rite Lutheran

text: Roman Catholic

text: Volodymyr-Volynskyi

text: Vladimir

text: Vladimir Monomakh

text: St Volodymyr's Cathedral

text: University of Kiev

text: Imperial Russian

text: Order of St. Vladimir

text: Varangian

text: Ukrainophile

text: Russophile

text: Soviet era

text: List of Russian rulers

text: List of Ukrainian rulers

text: Family life and children of Vladimir I

text: List of people known as The Great

text: Saint Vladimir Monument

text: Prince Vladimir

text: Viking (film)

text: Encyclopaedia of Islam

categories: Converts to Christianity from pagan religions,1015 deaths,Grand Princes of Kiev,Princes of Novgorod,Russian saints,Christianity in Kievan Rus',Ukrainian saints,History of Christianity in Russia,11th-century Christian saints,Vladimir the Great,Christian monarchs,Rurik dynasty,10th-century princes in Kievan Rus',958 births

paragraph: Vladimir the Great

paragraph: Vladimir the Great (, "Volodiměrъ Svętoslavičь", Old Norse "Valdamarr gamli"; c. 95815 July 1015, Berestove) was a prince of Novgorod, grand Prince of Kiev, and ruler of Kievan Rus' from 980 to 1015.

paragraph: Vladimir's father was prince Sviatoslav of the Rurik dynasty. After the death of his father in 972, Vladimir, who was then prince of Novgorod, was forced to flee to Scandinavia in 976 after his brother Yaropolk had murdered his other brother Oleg and conquered Rus'. In Sweden, with the help of his relative Ladejarl Håkon Sigurdsson, ruler of Norway, he assembled a Varangian army and reconquered Novgorod from Yaropolk. By 980, Vladimir had consolidated the Kievan realm from modern-day Belarus, Russia and Ukraine to the Baltic Sea and had solidified the frontiers against incursions of Bulgarian, Baltic tribes and Eastern nomads. Originally a follower of Slavic paganism, Vladimir converted to Christianity in 988 and Christianized the Kievan Rus'. He is thus also known as Saint Vladimir.

paragraph: Section::::Rise to power.

paragraph: Born in 958, Vladimir was the natural son and youngest son of Sviatoslav I of Kiev by his housekeeper Malusha. Malusha is described in the Norse sagas as a prophetess who lived to the age of 100 and was brought from her cave to the palace to predict the future. Malusha's brother Dobrynya was Vladimir's tutor and most trusted advisor. Hagiographic tradition of dubious authenticity also connects his childhood with the name of his grandmother, Olga of Kiev, who was Christian and governed the capital during Sviatoslav's frequent military campaigns. His place of birth is identified by different authors either as Budyatychi (modern Volyn Oblast, Ukraine) or Budnik (; modern Pskov Oblast, Russia).

paragraph: Transferring his capital to Pereyaslavets in 969, Sviatoslav designated Vladimir ruler of Novgorod the Great but gave Kiev to his legitimate son Yaropolk. After Sviatoslav's death at the hands of the Pechenegs in 972, a fratricidal war erupted in 976 between Yaropolk and his younger brother Oleg, ruler of the Drevlians. In 977, Vladimir fled to his kinsman Haakon Sigurdsson, ruler of Norway, collecting as many Norse warriors as he could to assist him to recover Novgorod. On his return the next year, he marched against Yaropolk. On his way to Kiev he sent ambassadors to Rogvolod (Norse: Ragnvald), prince of Polotsk, to sue for the hand of his daughter Rogneda (Norse: Ragnhild). The high-born princess refused to affiance herself to the son of a bondswoman, so Vladimir attacked Polotsk, slew Rogvolod, and took Ragnhild by force. Polotsk was a key fortress on the way to Kiev, and capturing Polotsk and Smolensk facilitated the taking of Kiev in 978, where he slew Yaropolk by treachery and was proclaimed knyaz of all Kievan Rus.

paragraph: Section::::Years of pagan rule.

paragraph: Vladimir continued to expand his territories beyond his father's extensive domain. In 981, he seized the Cherven towns from the Poles; in 981–982, he suppressed a Vyatichi rebellion; in 983, he subdued the Yatvingians; in 984, he conquered the Radimichs; and in 985, he conducted a military campaign against the Volga Bulgars, planting numerous fortresses and colonies on his way.

paragraph: Although Christianity spread in the region under Oleg's rule, Vladimir had remained a thoroughgoing pagan, taking eight hundred concubines (along with numerous wives) and erecting pagan statues and shrines to gods.

paragraph: He may have attempted to reform Slavic paganism in an attempt to identify himself with the various gods worshipped by his subjects. He built a pagan temple on the a hill in Kiev dedicated to six gods: Perun - the god of thunder and war "a Norse god favored by members of the prince’s druzhina (military retinue)". Slav gods Stribog and Dazhd'bog; Mokosh - a goddess representing Mother Nature "worshipped by Finnish tribes"; Khors and Simargl, "both of which had Iranian origins, were included, probably to appeal to the Poliane."

paragraph: Open abuse of the deities that most people in Rus' revered triggered widespread indignation. A mob killed the Christian Fyodor and his son Ioann (later, after the overall christening of Kievan Rus', people came to regard these two as the first Christian martyrs in Rus', and the Orthodox Church set a day to commemorate them, 25 July). Immediately after the murder of Fyodor and Ioann, early medieval Rus' saw persecutions against Christians, many of whom escaped or concealed their belief.

paragraph: However, Prince Vladimir mused over the incident long after, and not least for political considerations. According to the early Slavic chronicle called Tale of Bygone Years, which describes life in Kievan Rus' up to the year 1110, he sent his envoys throughout the civilized world to judge first hand the major religions of the time, Islam, Roman Catholicism, Judaism, and Byzantine Orthodoxy. They were most impressed with their visit to Constantinople, saying, "We knew not whether we were in Heaven or on Earth… We only know that God dwells there among the people, and their service is fairer than the ceremonies of other nations."

paragraph: Section::::Christianization of the Kievan Rus'.

paragraph: The Primary Chronicle reports that in the year 987, after consultation with his boyars, Vladimir the Great sent envoys to study the religions of the various neighboring nations whose representatives had been urging him to embrace their respective faiths. The result is described by the chronicler Nestor. Of the Muslim Bulgarians of the Volga the envoys reported there is no gladness among them, only sorrow and a great stench. He also reported that Islam was undesirable due to its taboo against alcoholic beverages and pork. Vladimir remarked on the occasion: "Drinking is the joy of all Rus'. We cannot exist without that pleasure." Ukrainian and Russian sources also describe Vladimir consulting with Jewish envoys and questioning them about their religion, but ultimately rejecting it as well, saying that their loss of Jerusalem was evidence that they had been abandoned by God.

paragraph: His emissaries also visited pre-schism Latin Rite Christian and Eastern Rite Christian missionaries. Ultimately Vladimir settled on Eastern Orthodox Christianity. In the churches of the Germans his emissaries saw no beauty; but at Constantinople, where the full festival ritual of the Byzantine Church was set in motion to impress them, they found their ideal: "We no longer knew whether we were in heaven or on earth", they reported, describing a majestic Divine Liturgy in Hagia Sophia, "nor such beauty, and we know not how to tell of it." Vladimir was impressed by this account of his envoys.

paragraph: In 988, having taken the town of Chersonesos in Crimea, he boldly negotiated for the hand of emperor Basil II's sister, Anna. Never before had a Byzantine imperial princess, and one "born in the purple" at that, married a barbarian, as matrimonial offers of French kings and German emperors had been peremptorily rejected. In short, to marry the 27-year-old princess to a pagan Slav seemed impossible. Vladimir was baptized at Chersonesos, however, taking the Christian name of Basil out of compliment to his imperial brother-in-law; the sacrament was followed by his wedding to Anna. Returning to Kiev in triumph, he destroyed pagan monuments and established many churches, starting with a church dedicated to St. Basil, and the Church of the Tithes (989).

paragraph: Arab sources, both Muslim and Christian, present a different story of Vladimir's conversion. Yahya of Antioch, al-Rudhrawari, al-Makin, Al-Dimashqi, and ibn al-Athir all give essentially the same account. In 987, Bardas Sclerus and Bardas Phocas revolted against the Byzantine emperor Basil II. Both rebels briefly joined forces, but then Bardas Phocas proclaimed himself emperor on 14 September 987. Basil II turned to the Kievan Rus' for assistance, even though they were considered enemies at that time. Vladimir agreed, in exchange for a marital tie; he also agreed to accept Christianity as his religion and to Christianize his people. When the wedding arrangements were settled, Vladimir dispatched 6,000 troops to the Byzantine Empire, and they helped to put down the revolt.

paragraph: In 988 and 991, he baptized Pecheneg princes Metiga and Kuchug, respectively.

paragraph: Section::::Christian reign.

paragraph: Vladimir then formed a great council out of his boyars and set his twelve sons over his subject principalities. According to the Primary Chronicle, he founded the city of Belgorod in 991. In 992, he went on a campaign against the Croats, most likely the White Croats that lived on the border of modern Ukraine. This campaign was cut short by the attacks of the Pechenegs on and around Kiev.

paragraph: In his later years he lived in a relative peace with his other neighbors: Boleslav I of Poland, Stephen I of Hungary, and Andrikh the Czech (questionable character mentioned in A Tale of the Bygone Years). After Anna's death, he married again, likely to a granddaughter of Otto the Great.

paragraph: In 1014, his son Yaroslav the Wise stopped paying tribute. Vladimir decided to chastise the insolence of his son and began gathering troops against him. Vladimir fell ill, however, most likely of old age, and died at Berestove, near Kiev. The various parts of his dismembered body were distributed among his numerous sacred foundations and were venerated as relics.

paragraph: During his Christian reign, Vladimir lived the teachings of the Bible through acts of charity. He would hand out food and drink to the less fortunate, and made an effort to go out to the people who could not reach him. His work was based on the impulse to help one’s neighbors by sharing the burden of carrying their cross. He founded numerous churches, including the (Church, or Cathedral, of the Tithes) (989), established schools, protected the poor and introduced ecclesiastical courts. He lived mostly at peace with his neighbours, the incursions of the Pechenegs alone disturbing his tranquillity.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: The fate of all Vladimir's daughters, whose number is around nine, is uncertain.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olava or Allogia (Varangian or Czech), speculative she might have been mother of Vysheslav while others claim that it is a confusion with Helena Lekapene

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vysheslav (c. 977c. 1010), Prince of Novgorod (988–1010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- a widow of Yaropolk I, a Greek nun

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sviatopolk the Accursed (born c. 979), possibly the surviving son of Yaropolk

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rogneda (the daughter of Rogvolod); later upon divorce she entered a convent taking the Christian name of Anastasia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Izyaslav of Polotsk (born c. 979, Kiev), Prince of Polotsk (989–1001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yaroslav the Wise (no earlier than 983), Prince of Rostov (987–1010), Prince of Novgorod (1010–1034), Grand Prince of Kiev (1016–1018, 1019–1054). Possibly he was a son of Anna rather than Rogneda. Another interesting fact that he was younger than Sviatopolk according to the words of Boris in the "Tale of Bygone Years" and not as it was officially known. That he was Prince of Rostov is very dubious but not disproven.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vsevolod (c. 9841013), possibly the Swedish Prince Wissawald of Volyn (c. 1000), was perhaps the first husband of Estrid Svendsdatter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mstislav, other Mstislav that possibly died as an infant if he was ever born

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mstislav of Chernigov (born c. 983), Prince of Tmutarakan (990–1036), Prince of Chernigov (1024–1036), other sources claim him to be son of other mothers (Adela, Malfrida, or some other Bulgarian wife)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Predslava, a concubine of Bolesław I Chrobry according to Gesta principum Polonorum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Premislava, (died 1015), some source state that she was a wife of the Duke Laszlo (Vladislav) "the Bald" of Arpadians

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mstislava, in 1018 was taken by Bolesław I Chrobry among the other daughters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bulgarian Adela, some sources claim that Adela is not necessarily Bulgarian as Boris and Gleb were born from some other wife

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boris (born c. 986), Prince of Rostov (c. 10101015), remarkable is the fact that Rostov Principality as well as the Principality of Murom used to border the territory of Volga Bolgars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gleb (born c. 987), Prince of Murom (1013–1015), as Boris, Gleb is being also claimed the son of Anna Porphyrogenita

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanislav (born c. 9851015), Prince of Smolensk (988–1015), possible of another wife and a fate of whom is not certain

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sudislav (died 1063), Prince of Pskov (1014–1036), possible of another wife, but he is mentioned in Nikon's Chronicles. He spent 35 years in prison and later before dying turned into a monk.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malfrida

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sviatoslav (c. 9821015), Prince of Drevlians (990–1015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna Porphyrogenita

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theofana, a wife of Novgorod posadnik Ostromir, a grandson of semi-legendary Dobrynya (highly doubtful is the fact of her being Anna's offspring)

paragraph: BULLET::::- a granddaughter of Otto the Great (possibly Rechlinda Otona [Regelindis])

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria Dobroniega of Kiev (born c. 1012), the Duchess of Poland (1040–1087), married around 1040 to Casimir I the Restorer, Duke of Poland, her maternity as daughter of this wife is deduced from her apparent age

paragraph: BULLET::::- other possible family

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vladimirovna, an out-of-marriage daughter (died 1044), married to Bernard, Margrave of the Nordmark.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pozvizd (born prior to 988), a son of Vladimir according to Hustyn Chronicles. He, possibly, was the Prince Khrisokhir mentioned by Niketas Choniates.

paragraph: Section::::Significance and legacy.

paragraph: The Eastern Orthodox, Byzantine Rite Lutheran and Roman Catholic churches celebrate the feast day of St. Vladimir on 15/28 July.

paragraph: The town Volodymyr-Volynskyi in north-western Ukraine was founded by Vladimir and is named after him. The foundation of another town, Vladimir in Russia, is usually attributed to Vladimir Monomakh. However some researchers argue that it was also founded by Vladimir the Great.

paragraph: St Volodymyr's Cathedral, one of the largest cathedrals in Kiev, is dedicated to Vladimir the Great, as was originally the University of Kiev. The Imperial Russian Order of St. Vladimir and Saint Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary in the United States are also named after him.

paragraph: The memory of Vladimir was also kept alive by innumerable Russian folk ballads and legends, which refer to him as "Krasno Solnyshko" (the "Fair (or Red) Sun"). The Varangian period of Eastern Slavic history ceases with Vladimir, and the Christian period begins.

paragraph: The appropriation of Kievan Rus' as part of national history has also been a topic of contention in Ukrainophile vs. Russophile schools of historiography since the Soviet era.

paragraph: All branches of the economy prospered under him. He minted coins and regulated foreign affairs with other countries, such as trade. Through trade he brought in Greek wines, Baghdad spices, and Arab horses to trade at the markets of Kiev.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Russian rulers

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Ukrainian rulers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Family life and children of Vladimir I

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of people known as The Great

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Vladimir Monument

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prince Vladimir", Russian animated feature film (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Viking (film)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Golden, P. B. (2006) "Rus." "Encyclopaedia of Islam" (Brill Online). Eds.: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Some historical analysis and political insights on the state affairs of Vladimir the Great

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Velychenko, Stephen, How Valdamarr Sveinaldsson got to Moscow (krytyka.com), 9 November 2015.

description: grand prince of Kiev

wikidata_label: Vladimir the Great

wikipedia_title: Vladimir the Great


text:
King of Judah
biblical account
Manasseh of Judah
idolatrous
king
King Manasseh of Judah
Meshullemeth
Hebrew Bible
Bozkath
William F. Albright
E. R. Thiele
Josiah
Necho II
Egyptian history
Hebrew Bible
idolatry
II Kings
II Chronicles
Talmudic tradition
Flavius Josephus
Bible
Assyria
destruction
Kingdom of Israel
Levant
Mesopotamia
Judah
Assyrian Empire
Babylonian Empire
Egypt
Psamtik I
vassal state
Manasseh of Judah
Josiah
Kings of Judah
Kingdom of Judah

categories: 7th-century BC biblical rulers,People murdered in Israel,Biblical murder victims,660s BC births,640s BC deaths,Kings of ancient Judah,7th-century BC murdered monarchs,7th-century BC Kings of Judah

paragraph: Amon of Judah

paragraph: Amon of Judah was a 7th-century BC King of Judah who, according to the biblical account, succeeded his father Manasseh of Judah. Amon is most remembered for his idolatrous practices while king, which led to a revolt against him and eventually his assassination in c. 641 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Amon was the son of King Manasseh of Judah and Meshullemeth, a daughter of Haruz of Jotbah. Although the date is unknown, the Hebrew Bible records that he married Jedidah, the daughter of Adaiah of Bozkath. Amon began his reign of Judah at the age of 22, and reigned for two years. Biblical scholar and archeologist William F. Albright has dated his reign to 642–640, while professor E. R. Thiele offers the dates 643/642 – 641/640. Thiele's dates are tied to the reign of Amon's son Josiah, whose death at the hands of Pharaoh Necho II occurred in the summer of 609. The battle in which Josiah is said to have died, which is independently confirmed in Egyptian history, places the end of Amon's reign, 31 years earlier, in 641 or 640 and the beginning of his rule in 643 or 642.

paragraph: The Hebrew Bible records that Amon continued his father Manasseh's practice of idolatry and set up pagan images as his father had done. II Kings states that Amon "did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, as did Manasseh his father. And he walked in all the way that his father walked in, and served the idols that his father served, and worshipped them." Similarly, II Chronicles records that "…he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, as did Manasseh his father; and Amon sacrificed unto all the graven images which Manasseh his father had made, and served them." The Talmudic tradition recounts that "Amon burnt the Torah, and allowed spider webs to cover the altar [through complete disuse] ... Amon sinned very much." Like other textual sources, Flavius Josephus too criticizes the reign of Amon, describing his reign similarly to the Bible.

paragraph: After reigning two years, Amon was assassinated by his servants, who conspired against him, and was succeeded by his son Josiah, who at the time was eight years old. After Amon's assassination his murderers became unpopular with the people, and were ultimately killed. Some scholars, such as Abraham Malamat, assert that Amon was assassinated because people disliked the heavy influence that Assyria, an age-old enemy of Judah responsible for the destruction of the Kingdom of Israel, had upon him.

paragraph: Section::::Era.

paragraph: Amon's reign was in the midst of a transitional time for the Levant and the entire Mesopotamian region. To the east of Judah, the Assyrian Empire was beginning to disintegrate while the Babylonian Empire had not yet risen to replace it. To the west, Egypt was still recovering under Psamtik I from its Assyrian occupation, transforming from a vassal state to an autonomous ally. In this power vacuum, many smaller states such as Judah were able to govern themselves without foreign intervention from larger empires.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manasseh of Judah

paragraph: BULLET::::- Josiah

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kings of Judah

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kingdom of Judah

description: King of Judah

wikidata_label: Amon of Judah

wikipedia_title: Amon of Judah