text: Muddy River

text: Thatcher, Arizona

text: Leighton Buzzard

text: Bedfordshire

text: England

text: Utah Territory

text: Nephi

text: Wilford Woodruff

text: Kane County, Utah

text: Orderville, Utah

text: church mission

text: Thatcher, Arizona

text: bishop

text: Ward

text: patriarch

text: Stake

text: patriarchal blessing

text: Spencer W. Kimball

text: Elizabeth

text: Alfred William McCune, Sr.

text: S. George Ellsworth

text: Brigham Young, Jr.

text: David Claridge

text: Arizona House of Representatives

text: Utah State University bio on Claridge

text: BYU Studies

categories: People from Nephi, Utah,People from Thatcher, Arizona,Converts to Mormonism,English emigrants to the United States,19th-century Mormon missionaries,1919 deaths,Mormon missionaries in the United Kingdom,Mormon pioneers,1828 births,People from Leighton Buzzard,People from Kane County, Utah,English leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,English Latter Day Saints,People from Clark County, Nevada,Patriarchs (LDS Church)

paragraph: Samuel Claridge

paragraph: Samuel Claridge (December 5, 1828 – September 11, 1919) was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) who was a prominent early settler of the Muddy River Valley in Nevada and Thatcher, Arizona.

paragraph: Claridge was born in Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, England, to David Claridge and Elizabeth Pratt Hopkins. In 1849, he married Charlotte Joy and in 1851 they joined the LDS Church. In 1853, they emigrated to Utah Territory, settling in Nephi. In 1868, Wilford Woodruff appointed Claridge to preside over the Latter-day Saints living along the Muddy River in Nevada (then in Utah Territory). The eastern border of Nevada was later shifted east, and with the attempt to charge back taxes to those living there, the Latter-day Saints moved away. Claridge moved to Kane County, Utah.

paragraph: In 1875, Claridge was one of the founders of Orderville, Utah. He left his wife and children there in 1877 to serve a church mission in Britain. After his mission, Claridge lived in Orderville until he moved to Thatcher, Arizona, in 1883. He served as the bishop of the Thatcher Ward and later as the first patriarch of the St. Joseph Stake, which was headquartered at Thatcher. Among those who received patriarchal blessings from him was Spencer W. Kimball.

paragraph: Claridge's daughter, Elizabeth (1852–1924), was the wife of Alfred William McCune, Sr. (1849–1927) and a prominent benefactor of the operations of the LDS Church in the 1920s.

paragraph: S. George Ellsworth, a grandson of Claridge, wrote a biography of Claridge titled "Samuel Claridge: Pioneering the Outposts of Zion". Claridge's daughter, Charlotte "Lottie", married Brigham Young III, a son of Brigham Young, Jr. and his wife Catherine Curtis Spencer. One of Claridge's sons, David Claridge, was a member of the Arizona House of Representatives.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Utah State University bio on Claridge

paragraph: BULLET::::- review of Ellsworth's biography of Claridge, "BYU Studies"

description: Mormon leader

wikidata_label: Samuel Claridge

wikipedia_title: Samuel Claridge


text:
prelate
Scotland
Stewart kindred
Lorne
Dean of Moray
Bishop of Moray
see
papal curia
David Stewart
Dowden, John
Watt, D.E.R.

categories: 15th-century Scottish people,15th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Place of birth unknown,Medieval Gaels from Scotland,Treasurers of Scotland,Year of birth unknown,People from Lorne, Scotland,1466 deaths,Bishops of Moray,Burials at Elgin Cathedral

paragraph: James Stewart (bishop)

paragraph: James Stewart () (died 1466) was a prelate from 15th century Scotland. Stewart was a member of the Stewart kindred of Lorne. He was Dean of Moray from 1435 until 19 May 1460, when he was provided to the bishopric. He was consecrated as Bishop of Moray sometime towards the end of the year. He resigned the see two years later in the papal curia in favour of his brother, David Stewart. He died on 5 August 1466.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dowden, John, "The Bishops of Scotland", ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Keith, Robert, "An Historical Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops: Down to the Year 1688", (London, 1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Watt, D.E.R., "Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae Medii Aevi ad annum 1638", 2nd Draft, (St Andrews, 1969)

alias:
Seumas Stiùbhart
Seumas Stiubhart

description: bishop in 15th century Scotland

wikidata_label: James Stewart

wikipedia_title: James Stewart (bishop)


text: psychiatrist

text: neurologist

text: Austrian-Jewish

text: Nuremberg Trials

text: Nuremberg Code

text: scientific experiment on humans

text: Vienna

text: Austria-Hungary

text: University of Vienna

text: University of Frankfurt

text: Harvard University

text: Duke University

text: United States Secretary of War

text: Robert P. Patterson

text: Major

text: Telford Taylor

text: Nuremberg Trials

text: Nuremberg Code

text: SS

text: Dachau

text: sterilization

text: euthanasia

text: Tufts University

text: Boston Police Department

text: Boston Strangler

text: multiple sclerosis

text: neuropathology

text: German Nazi

text: Josef Mengele

text: gas gangrene

text: thanatology

text: electroconvulsive (shock) therapy

text: insulin shock therapy

text: Peter Breggin

text: Doctor trials

text: Weston, Massachusetts

text: Biography Resource Center

categories: Duke University faculty,Austrian psychiatrists,Austrian Jews,Harvard Medical School faculty,American neurologists,Austrian neurologists,1905 births,1985 deaths,American psychiatrists,Nuremberg trials,Tufts University faculty

paragraph: Leo Alexander

paragraph: Leo Alexander (October 11, 1905 – July 20, 1985) was an American psychiatrist, neurologist, educator, and author, of Austrian-Jewish origin. He was a key medical advisor during the Nuremberg Trials. Alexander wrote part of the Nuremberg Code, which provides legal and ethical principles for scientific experiment on humans.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary, Alexander was the son of a physician. He graduated from the University of Vienna Medical School in 1929, interned in psychiatry at the University of Frankfurt, then emigrated to the United States in 1933. He taught at the medical schools of Harvard University and Duke University. During the war, he worked in Europe under United States Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson as an army medical investigator with the rank of Major. After the war, he was appointed chief medical advisor to Telford Taylor, the U.S. Chief of Counsel for War Crimes, and participated in the Nuremberg Trials in November 1946. He conceived the principles of the Nuremberg Code after observing and documenting German SS medical experiments at Dachau, and instances of sterilization and euthanasia. Alexander later wrote that "science under dictatorship becomes subordinated to the guiding philosophy of the dictatorship."

paragraph: Later, he served as assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at Tufts University Medical School, where he stayed for almost 30 years. As a consultant for the Boston Police Department, Alexander was instrumental in solving the Boston Strangler case. He directed the Multiple Sclerosis Center at Boston State Hospital, where he researched multiple sclerosis and studied neuropathology. He arranged for the treatment of 40 German Nazi concentration camp victims who had been injected by Dr. Josef Mengele with a precursor to gas gangrene, and provided them with psychiatric therapy. Alexander wrote several books on psychiatry and neuropathology, and coined the terms "thanatology"—defined as the study of death—and "ktenology"—the science of killing.

paragraph: Alexander was a leading proponent of electroconvulsive (shock) therapy and insulin shock therapy. According to psychiatrist Peter Breggin, Alexander – who was German-trained and German-speaking – was also an early eugenicist, and the failure of the Doctor trials to bring psychiatrists to justice was due in part to Alexander being the chief investigator.

paragraph: Alexander died of cancer in 1985 in Weston, Massachusetts, survived by three children.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Contemporary Authors Online", Gale, 2007. Reproduced in "Biography Resource Center". Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2007. Retrieved on May 5, 2007.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (German) Hager, Maik, "Mit dem Verfahren der Euthanasie habe ich niemals das Geringste zu tun gehabt...". Major Leo Alexander, Prof. Dr. Julius Hallervorden und die Beteiligung des KWI für Hirnforschung an "Euthanasie"-Verbrechen im Nationalsozialismus (www.geschichte-erforschen.de).

description: Psychiatrist and neurologist

wikidata_label: Leo Alexander

wikipedia_title: Leo Alexander


text: linguist

text: Balkan

text: Romanian

text: Aromanian

text: Balkan sprachbund

text: Duisburg

text: Prussian

text: Rhine Province

text: Romance languages

text: Leipzig

text: Vlachs

text: Livadi

text: Mount Olympus

text: habilitation

text: Megleno-Romanian language

text: University of Leipzig

text: First World War

text: Macedonia

text: member of the Romanian Academy

text: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

text: Macedonian Scientific Institute

text: Belgershain

categories: Members of the Macedonian Scientific Institute,German philologists,Corresponding members of the Romanian Academy,Corresponding Members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,People from Duisburg,People from the Rhine Province,1930 deaths,1860 births

paragraph: Gustav Weigand

paragraph: Gustav Weigand (1 February 1860 – 8 July 1930), was a German linguist and specialist in Balkan languages, especially Romanian and Aromanian. He is known for his seminal contributions to the dialectology of the Romance languages of the Balkans and to the study of the relationships between the languages of the Balkan sprachbund.

paragraph: Weigand was born in Duisburg, in the Prussian Rhine Province. He studied Romance languages in Leipzig and wrote a doctoral thesis about the language of the Vlachs in Livadi in the region of Mount Olympus in 1888, followed by a habilitation thesis on the Megleno-Romanian language in 1892. In 1893 he founded the Romanian Institute at the University of Leipzig, the first such institution outside Romania. During the following years he continued to conduct extensive personal field studies in the Balkans. In 1908 he published a "Linguistic Atlas of the Daco-Romanian speech area", the first work of its kind in the field of Romance linguistics. During the First World War he was sent by the German authorities to conduct ethnographic studies in Macedonia, then under German occupation. The results were published in 1923.

paragraph: In recognition of his research on the Romanian language, Gustav Weigand was elected as a foreign member of the Romanian Academy in 1892. He was also a foreign member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and of the Macedonian Scientific Institute. He died in Belgershain.

paragraph: Section::::Major works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1888): "Die Sprache der Olympo-Walachen". Johann Ambrosius Barth: Leipzig.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1892): "Vlacho-Meglen. Eine ethnographisch-philologische Untersuchung". Leipzig.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1908): "Linguistischer Atlas des dacorumänischen Sprachgebiets". Barth: Leipzig.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1923): "Ethnographie Makedoniens". Leipzig.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bochmann, Klaus (2005). "Gustav Weigand: Zum 75. Todestag am 8. Juli 2005". University of Leipzig. (pdf)

description: German philologist

wikidata_label: Gustav Weigand

wikipedia_title: Gustav Weigand


text:
Nineteenth Dynasty
Ancient Egypt
Ramesses II
Khaemwaset
Ra
Isetnofret I
Isetnofret II
Takhat
Seti II
Amenmesse
Twosret
military campaign
Libya
Sea Peoples
Perire
Delta
account of this campaign
Libu
Karnak
Nine Bows
Merneptah Stele
Israel
Canaan
Pi-Ramesses
Memphis
Ptah
University of Pennsylvania Museum
Clarence Stanley Fisher
Seti II
Isetnofret
Amenmesse
Upper Egypt
Kush
Thebes
Messuwy
arthritis
atherosclerosis
KV8
Valley of the Kings
mummy
Amenhotep II
KV35
Victor Loret
Dr. G. Elliott Smith
Internet Ancient History Sourcebook

categories: 13th-century BC births,Pharaohs of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt,1203 BC deaths,13th-century BC Pharaohs,Ancient Egyptian mummies,Year of birth unknown,Ramesses II

paragraph: Merneptah

paragraph: Merneptah or Merenptah (reigned July or August 1213 BC – May 2, 1203 BC) was the fourth pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. He ruled Egypt for almost ten years from late July or early August 1213 BC until his death on May 2, 1203 BC, according to contemporary historical records. He was the thirteenth son of Ramesses II and only came to power because all his older brothers, including his full brother Khaemwaset or Khaemwase, had died. By the time he ascended to the throne, he was probably around seventy years old. His throne name was "Ba-en-re Mery-netjeru", which means "The Soul of Ra, Beloved of the Gods".

paragraph: Merneptah was probably the fourth child of Isetnofret I, the second wife of Ramesses II, and he was married to Queen Isetnofret II, his royal wife, who was likely his full sister bearing the name of their mother. It is presumed that Merneptah was also married to Queen Takhat and one of their sons would succeed him as Seti II. They also were the parents of Prince Merenptah and possibly the usurper, Amenmesse, and Queen Twosret, wife of Seti II and later pharaoh in her own right.

paragraph: Section::::Pre-accession.

paragraph: Merneptah was probably the thirteenth son of Ramesses II. This is a result of the latter's advanced age and the fact that he outlived many of his heirs (In his 90s, Ramesses was one of the oldest pharaohs in Egyptian history, if not the oldest). By year 40 of Ramesses II, Merneptah had been promoted to Overseer of the Army, and in year 55 of Ramesses II, Merneptah was officially proclaimed heir and crown prince as Ramesses celebrated his eightieth birthday. After becoming heir, Merneptah took on new responsibilities in administration, mainly becoming prince regent for his elderly and perhaps senile father for the last twelve years of the king's life.

paragraph: Section::::Chronology.

paragraph: According to one reading of contemporary historical records, Merneptah ruled Egypt for almost ten years from late July or early August 1213 BC until his death on 2 May 1203 BC. Alternatively, astronomical calculations of a potentially reported annular eclipse () that precedes Merneptah's Canaanite campaign against the Israelites place the beginning of his reign in 1209 or 1210 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Campaigns.

paragraph: Merneptah had to carry out several military campaigns during his reign. In year 5 he fought against the Libyans, who— with the assistance of the Sea Peoples— were threatening Egypt from the West. Merneptah led a victorious six-hour battle against a combined Libyan and Sea People force at the city of Perire, probably located on the western edge of the Delta. His account of this campaign against the Sea Peoples and Libu is described in prose on a wall beside the sixth pylon at Karnak, which states:

paragraph: Later in the inscription, Merneptah receives news of the attack:

paragraph: In the Athribis Stele, in the garden of Cairo Museum, it states "His majesty was enraged at their report, like a lion", assembled his court and gave a rousing speech. Later he dreamed he saw Ptah handing him a sword and saying "Take thou (it) and banish thou the fearful heart from thee." When the bowmen went forth, says the inscription, "Amun was with them as a shield." After six hours the surviving Nine Bows threw down their weapons, abandoned their baggage and dependents, and ran for their lives. Merneptah states that he defeated the invasion, killing 6,000 soldiers and taking 9,000 prisoners. To be sure of the numbers, among other things, he took the penises of all uncircumcised enemy dead and the hands of all the circumcised, from which history learns that the Ekwesh were circumcised, a fact causing some to doubt they were Greek.

paragraph: There is also an account of the same events in the form of a poem from the Merneptah Stele, widely known as the "Israel Stele", which makes reference to the supposed utter destruction of "Israel" in a campaign prior to his 5th year in Canaan: "Israel has been wiped out...its seed is no more." This is the first recognised ancient Egyptian record of the existence of Israel--"not as a country or city, but as a tribe" or people.

paragraph: Section::::Succession.

paragraph: Merneptah was already an elderly man in his late 60s, if not early 70s, when he assumed the throne. Merneptah moved the administrative center of Egypt from Piramesse (Pi-Ramesses), his father's capital, back to Memphis, where he constructed a royal palace next to the temple of Ptah. This palace was excavated in 1915 by the University of Pennsylvania Museum, led by Clarence Stanley Fisher.

paragraph: Merneptah's successor, Seti II, was a son of Queen Isetnofret. However, Seti II's accession to the throne was not unchallenged: a rival king named Amenmesse, who was either another son of Merneptah by Takhat or, much less likely, of Ramesses II, seized control of Upper Egypt and Kush during the middle of Seti II's reign. Seti was able to reassert his authority over Thebes in his fifth year, only after he overcame Amenmesse. It is possible that before seizing Upper Egypt, Amenmesse had been known as Messuwy and had been viceroy of Kush.

paragraph: Section::::Mummy.

paragraph: Merneptah suffered from arthritis and atherosclerosis and died an old man after a reign which lasted for nearly a decade. Merneptah was originally buried within tomb KV8 in the Valley of the Kings, but his mummy was not found there. In 1898 it was located along with eighteen other mummies in the mummy cache found in the tomb of Amenhotep II (KV35) by Victor Loret. Merneptah's mummy was taken to Cairo and eventually unwrapped by Dr. G. Elliott Smith on July 8, 1907. Dr. Smith notes that:

paragraph: The body is that of an old man and is 1 meter 714 millimeters in height. Merneptah was almost completely bald, only a narrow fringe of white hair (now cut so close as to be seen only with difficulty) remaining on the temples and occiput. A few short (about 2 mill) black hairs were found on the upper lip and scattered, closely clipped hairs on the cheeks and chin. The general aspect of the face recalls that of Ramesses II, but the form of the cranium and the measurements of the face much more nearly agree with those of his [grand]father, Seti the Great.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eva March Tappan, ed., "The World's Story: A History of the World in Story, Song, and Art", (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1914), Vol. III: Egypt, Africa, and Arabia, trans. W. K. Flinders Petrie, pp. 47–55, scanned by J. S. Arkenberg, Department of History, California State Fullerton; Professor Arkenberg has modernized the text and it is available via Internet Ancient History Sourcebook

description: fourth pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty of Egypt

wikidata_label: Merneptah

wikipedia_title: Merneptah


text:
French
street artist
Berlin Wall
East Side Gallery
Berlin
Germany
Lyon
France
Berlin
David Bowie
Iggy Pop
squat
Berlin Wall
Christophe-Emmanuel Bouchet
Keith Haring
Wim Wenders
Wings of Desire
Buddy Bear
Wende Museum
Shepard Fairey
Stik
Shoreditch
Street Art London
Dulwich Picture Gallery
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
Dulwich Park
Art Basel
Ironside
East Side Gallery
Germany
Cold War
U2
East German
Trabant
Achtung Baby
Zoo Station
Europe

categories: Living people,Artists from Lyon,1958 births,French male painters,21st-century French painters,People from Berlin,20th-century French painters,Street artists

paragraph: Thierry Noir

paragraph: Thierry Noir is a French artist who is claimed to be the first street artist to paint the Berlin Wall. His brightly colored paintings, which often feature cartoon-like profiles, are now considered iconic and can still be seen on the East Side Gallery. He currently lives and works in Berlin, Germany.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Noir was born in 1958 in Lyon, France. He moved to Berlin in January 1982 with two small suitcases, attracted by the music of David Bowie and Iggy Pop, who lived in West Berlin at this time. He lived in a squat at Mariannenplatz, near the Berlin Wall.

paragraph: Section::::The Wall.

paragraph: In the 1980s, street art was considered vandalism, and German street artists avoided drawing on the wall - it was a kind of taboo for them, Berliners called it a “wall of shame”.

paragraph: In April 1984, Noir and Christophe-Emmanuel Bouchet started to paint the Berlin Wall, eventually painting 1 kilometre of it. Initially, the attitude of West Berliners to Noir’s work was wary, often even hostile. Some believed that he was working for budget money and were against such spending of money from his taxes. Others believed that Tieri’s task was to make a more “presentable” wall, which they could not agree with.

paragraph: He stated of painting the wall at this time: "I decided spontaneously to start to make something on the wall. I got thousands of questions - everyone wanted to know something about this - because it was new - there were no big paintings on the wall." Between 1984 and the fall of the Berlin Wall many other artists painted the wall, including Keith Haring, Kiddy Cidny, and Indiano. Noir can be briefly seen painting part of the Berlin Wall in Wim Wenders's 1987 film "Wings of Desire."

paragraph: In 1992 the Berlin Wall was declared a historic monument. In 2009, Noir was part of an initiative by the local government to restore 1300 meters of the wall to address issues caused over the years by vandalism, weather, and theft. As a part of this initiative Noir repainted several of his original works.

paragraph: Section::::Commissions, exhibitions and collaborations.

paragraph: In aid of a child relief organization, well known in Germany, Noir designed a Buddy Bear. The bear is called "Teddy Noir."

paragraph: In 2009, in celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, ten original sections of the Berlin Wall, including artworks by Noir, were exhibited in Los Angeles as a part of the Wende Museum's "The Wall Project". In addition, Noir and local artists, like Shepard Fairey and Kent Twitchell, were commissioned to create new pieces of artwork to display alongside the original pieces of the Berlin Wall.

paragraph: In early 2013 Noir painted a large mural with the London-based street artist Stik on the Village Underground Wall in Shoreditch, organized through Street Art London.

paragraph: Later in 2013 Noir participated in "Baroque the Streets," a collaborative exhibition organized by the Dulwich Picture Gallery and Street Art London. Noir painted a street art mural of Giovanni Battista Tiepolo's baroque masterpiece "Joseph Receiving Pharaoh's Ring" (1755) in Dulwich Park.

paragraph: In December, 2013 during Art Basel Fair in Miami, Florida, Noir repainted four segments of the Berlin Wall. The segments of the wall together with several other works by Noir are now in the public art collection of Ironside district.

paragraph: Noir's first solo exhibition was at Howard Griffin Gallery in Shoreditch, London in April 2014.

paragraph: Howard Griffin showed "Thierry Noir: The Los Angeles Retrospective" in Los Angeles from October to November 2014. In conjunction with the LA "Retrospective," Noir painted a 100 metre long commemorative mural on South Spring Street as a gift to the City of Los Angeles in recognition of the near half-century Sister Cities relationship between Berlin and Los Angeles. The mural particularly commemorates the 25th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall on 9 November. On the same occasion Noir donated a painting to the German Consulate in the United States.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Traces of Noir's work is still visible at the East Side Gallery of the Wall. There is also an example of his work on the portion of the wall in New York City in a courtyard on 53rd street between Madison and 5th Avenue.

paragraph: Noir's paintings became a symbol of new-found freedom after the reunification of Germany and the end of the Cold War. The Irish rock band U2 featured Noir's artwork on East German Trabant cars and used photos of these to decorate their 1991 album "Achtung Baby." The album itself includes songs, such as "Zoo Station", which have themes inspired by the fall of the Wall and the changes taking place in Europe at the end of the Cold War.

paragraph: In 2000 Noir was featured in the German documentary "Nach Dem Fall" (after the fall), in which he discussed his art and the importance of the wall to Berlin only a decade after its fall.

description: French artist

wikidata_label: Thierry Noir

wikipedia_title: Thierry Noir


text:
American football
defensive tackle
New York Giants
2000 NFL Draft
college football
Pearl River Community College
Alabama
Washington Redskins
Troy, Alabama
Brundidge, Alabama
Pearl River Community College
University of Alabama
Alabama Crimson Tide
Southeastern Conference
2000 NFL Draft
New York Giants
Ernie Accorsi
seasons
NFC East
Washington Redskins
unrestricted free agent
offseason
tackles
sacks
left or right tackle

categories: Pearl River Wildcats football players,1976 births,African-American players of American football,Alabama Crimson Tide football players,People from Troy, Alabama,American football defensive tackles,Players of American football from Alabama,New York Giants players,Living people

paragraph: Cornelius Griffin

paragraph: Cornelius Griffin (; born December 3, 1976) is a former American football defensive tackle. He was drafted by the New York Giants in the second round of the 2000 NFL Draft. He played college football at Pearl River Community College and Alabama.

paragraph: Griffin also played for the Washington Redskins.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and college career.

paragraph: Griffin was born in Troy, Alabama. His father Willie Griffin was a pastor of the Lily White Pentecostal Church in Brundidge, Alabama, and Cornelius was one of Willie and Martha Griffin's seven children. Willie died in a car accident in 1998. Griffin graduated from Pike County High School in 1995 in Brundidge, Alabama. He first played college football as a defensive tackle for Pearl River Community College in Mississippi. Although he committed to Auburn, Griffin decided to sign with the University of Alabama after Auburn coaches wanted him to become a tight end. In the Alabama Crimson Tide, he started 23 of 25 games in its team (including bowls). As a senior in 1999, he was part of the Super Sleeper Team and All-Southeastern Conference first team.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2000 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Griffin was selected in the second round of the 2000 NFL Draft by the New York Giants. "His workouts were unbelievable. We saw him as a certain first-rounder", said Giants General Manager Ernie Accorsi.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Giants.

paragraph: Griffin played for four seasons with the Giants.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Redskins.

paragraph: Griffin was signed by the Giants' NFC East-rival Washington Redskins as an unrestricted free agent on March 3, 2004, during the 2004 offseason.

paragraph: Griffin had his best season in 2004, recording 96 tackles (66 solo) and six sacks. He has compiled 22.5 sacks with 352 tackles (249 solo) at either left or right tackle during his career.

paragraph: He was released on March 4, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:After the NFL.

paragraph: Griffin has purchased a share of Flower's Insurance in Troy, Alabama. The name has changed to Griffin-Wilkes Insurance.

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Cornelius Griffin

wikipedia_title: Cornelius Griffin


text:
Mahabodhivamsa
Nanda dynasty
Chanakya
Brahmin
Pataliputra
Chandragupta Maurya
Puranas
Mahapadma
Alexander
Mahavamsa
Brahmin
Chanakya
Pushpapura
signet ring
Chandragupta
Pataliputra
Pataliputra
Bindusara
Durdhara
Puranas
Mahapadma
Vishnu Purana
Alexander
Curtius
Chandragupta
Gangaridai
Ganges

paragraph: Dhana Nanda

paragraph: According to the Buddhist text "Mahabodhivamsa", Dhana Nanda (died c. 321 BCE) was the last ruler of the Nanda dynasty. He was the youngest of the eight brothers of the dynasty's founder Ugrasena. Chanakya, a Brahmin who was insulted by him, vowed to overthrow him, and raised an army that invaded the Nanda capital Pataliputra and killed him. Chanakya then installed his own protege Chandragupta Maurya on the throne.

paragraph: The Jain tradition presents a similar legend about the last Nanda king, although it simply calls the king "Nanda", and states that the king was allowed to leave his capital alive after being defeated. The Puranas give a different account, describing the last Nanda king as one of eight sons of the dynasty's founder, whom they call Mahapadma. The Greco-Roman accounts name Alexander's contemporary ruler in India as Agrammes or Xandrames, whom modern historians identify as the last Nanda king. According to these accounts, Alexander's soldiers mutinied when faced with the prospect of a war with this king's powerful army.

paragraph: Section::::In Buddhist tradition.

paragraph: The Buddhist text "Mahavamsa" names 9 Nanda kings, who were all brothers, and ruled in succession for a total of 22 years. The first of these kings was Ugrasena, and the last was Dhana Nanda:

paragraph: The Buddhist tradition states that Dhana Nanda insulted the Brahmin Chanakya for his ugly appearance during an alms-giving ceremony at Pupphapura (Pushpapura), ordering him to be thrown out of the assembly. Chanakya then cursed the king, who ordered his arrest. Chanakya escaped and befriended the king's son Pabbata, instigating the prince to seize the throne. With help of a signet ring given by the prince, Chanakya fled the Nanda palace. Determined to overthrow Dhana Nanda, he acquired wealth to raise an army by using a secret technique that allowed him to turn 1 coin into 8 coins.

paragraph: Chanakya narrowed down two candidates to replace Dhana Nanda: Pabbata, and Chandragupta, who belonged to a former royal family. To test them, he gave each of them an amulet to be worn around the neck with a woolen thread. One day, while Chandragupta was asleep, he asked Pabbata to remove Chandragupta's woolen thread without breaking it and without waking up Chandragupta. Pabbata failed to accomplish this task. Some time later, when Pabbata was sleeping, Chanakya challenged Chandragupta to complete the same task. Chandragupta retrieved the woolen thread by cutting off Pabbata's head. Over next seven years, Chanakya trained and mentored Chandragupta. When Chandragupta became an adult, Chanakya assembled an army using his wealth.

paragraph: The army invaded Dhana Nanda's capital, but was decisively defeated and disbanded. Subsequently, Chandragupta and Chanakya raised a new army, and started capturing the border villages. Gradually, they advanced to the Nanda capital Pataliputta (Pataliputra), and killed Dhana Nanda. Chanakya found the treasure of Dhana Nanda through a fisherman, and appointed Chandragupta as the new king.

paragraph: Section::::Other descriptions of the last Nanda king.:Jain tradition.

paragraph: The Jain tradition contains a legend that has several similarities with the Buddhist legend, but does not mention the name "Dhana Nanda": the Jain texts simply call Chanakya's rival king "Nanda". According to the Jain tradition, Chanakya visited the Nanda capital Pataliputra to seek donations from the king, but felt insulted by a servant of the king. He then vowed to overthrow the Nanda dynasty. He discovered and mentored Chandragupta, and raised an army that defeated the Nanda forces after an initial debacle. However, unlike the Buddhist tradition , the Jain tradition states that the Nanda king was allowed to leave his capital alive after being defeated. The king's daughter fell in love with Chandragupta and married him. This daughter is not named, although later, the mother of Chandragupta's son Bindusara is named Durdhara.

paragraph: Section::::Other descriptions of the last Nanda king.:Puranas.

paragraph: Like the Buddhist tradition, the Puranas also state that there were 9 Nanda kings. However, they name the first of these kings as Mahapadma, and state that the next 8 kings were his sons. The Puranas name only one of these sons: Sukalpa. Dhundiraja, a commentator on the "Vishnu Purana", claims that Chandragupta Maurya was the grandson of a Nanda king called Sarvatha-siddhi, although this claim does not occur in the Puranas themselves.

paragraph: Section::::Other descriptions of the last Nanda king.:Greco-Roman accounts.

paragraph: The Greek accounts name Alexander's contemporary ruler in India as Agrammes or Xandrames, whom modern historians identify as the last Nanda king. "Agrammes" may be a Greek transcription of the Sanskrit word "Augrasainya" (literally "son or descendant of Ugrasena", Ugrasena being the name of the dynasty's founder according to the Buddhist tradition). The Greco-Roman tradition suggests that this dynasty had only two kings: according to Roman historian Curtius (1st century CE), the dynasty's founder was a barber-turned-king; his son was overthrown by Chandragupta.

paragraph: The Greek accounts describe Agrammes as the ruler of the Gangaridai (the Ganges valley) and the Prasii (probably a transcription of the Sanskrit word "prachya"s, literally "easterners"). When faced with the prospect of facing the powerful army of this ruler, Alexander's soldiers mutinied, forcing him to retreat from India.

wikipedia_title: Dhana Nanda


text: Bridgeton, New Jersey

text: Whig Party

text: Governor of New Jersey

text: Samuel L. Southard

text: United States Senate

text: Cumberland County

text: New Jersey Legislative Council

text: Bridgeton, New Jersey

text: List of Governors of New Jersey

text: Biography of Elias P. Seeley (PDF)

text: New Jersey State Library

text: New Jersey Governor Elias Pettit Seeley

text: National Governors Association

text: Elias P. Seeley

text: The Political Graveyard

categories: Governors of New Jersey,1791 births,New Jersey Whigs,1846 deaths,Whig Party state governors of the United States,Burials in New Jersey,Members of the New Jersey Legislative Council,People from Bridgeton, New Jersey,New Jersey lawyers

paragraph: Elias P. Seeley

paragraph: Elias Petty Seeley (November 10, 1791 in Bridgeton, New JerseyAugust 23, 1846) was an American Whig Party politician who served as the 11th Governor of New Jersey in 1833. Seeley was named to serve as governor after Samuel L. Southard stepped down from office to take a seat in the United States Senate. Seeley represented Cumberland County in the New Jersey Legislative Council from 1829 through 1833.

paragraph: Seeley died on August 23, 1846, and was interred in Old Broad Street Presbyterian Church Cemetery in Bridgeton, New Jersey.

paragraph: Named after Elias Petty, the brother of his grandmother, Naomi (Petty) Seeley. She was the daughter of Israel and Naomi Petty of Fairfield, Cumberland, NJ.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Governors of New Jersey

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Elias P. Seeley (PDF), New Jersey State Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Jersey Governor Elias Pettit Seeley, National Governors Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elias P. Seeley, The Political Graveyard

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Elias P. Seeley

wikipedia_title: Elias P. Seeley


text:
Bayreuth
Ödenburg
Margravine
Brandenburg-Bayreuth
Fürst
Eggenberg
Margrave
Christian von Brandenburg-Bayreuth
Marie of Prussia
Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia
Styrian
Eggenberg
Regensburg
Johann Anton I. von Eggenberg
Krumau
Gorizia and Gradisca
Adriatic
Ferdinand III
Christian Wilhelm von Brandenburg
Imperial Diet
Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg
Ferdinand II
Counter-Reformation
Habsburg hereditary lands
Thirty Years' War
Stubenberg
Český Krumlov Castle
Krumau
Bohemia
testament
dowry
Ödenburg
Duchy of Styria
Krumau
Palais Herberstein
Graz
Jesuit
Brandenburg-Bayreuth
Hohenzollern
Bayreuth
Fürst
Fürst
Fürst
Universalmuseum Joanneum

categories: Margravines of Brandenburg-Bayreuth,Austrian nobility,1609 births,17th-century Austrian women,German expatriates in Hungary,17th-century Austrian people,1680 deaths,People from Bayreuth,17th-century German people

paragraph: Anna Maria von Eggenberg, née Brandenburg-Bayreuth

paragraph: Anna Maria Princess of Eggenberg, née Brandenburg-Bayreuth (born 30 December 1609 in Bayreuth; died 8 May 1680 in Ödenburg) was a Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth and, by marriage Johann Anton I von Eggenberg, a "Fürstin" (princess) of Eggenberg.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Anna Maria was a daughter of the Margrave Christian von Brandenburg-Bayreuth from his marriage with Marie of Prussia, daughter of Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia.

paragraph: She was married according to the Roman Catholic rite into the Styrian noble family of Eggenberg on 23 October 1639 in Regensburg to Prince Johann Anton I. von Eggenberg, Duke of Krumau, who subsequently received the opportunity to acquire the shire of Gorizia and Gradisca along the Adriatic coast two years later from his boyhood friend, Emperor Ferdinand III. The marriage ceremony had been negotiated by Christian Wilhelm von Brandenburg and prince Johann Anton I thereby secured for himself Brandenburg support for his claim to a seat in the Imperial Diet. She demonstrated a strong character and conviction by holding on firmly to her family's Protestant faith in spite of her marriage to the son of Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg, chief minister of Emperor Ferdinand II, who had prosecuted the Counter-Reformation in the Habsburg hereditary lands as well as the Thirty Years' War.

paragraph: Upon the early death of her husband in 1649 Anna Maria, together with her father and Wolf von Stubenberg held the guardianship of both under age sons, agreeing to remain in Habsburg hereditary lands and to raise them in the Catholic tradition, as well as administration of the Eggenberg possessions. This, as well as her extensive correspondence with her two sons, showed her to be a wise, circumspect and loving mother. During her guardianship, coins were minted featuring portraits of both sons at the mint in Český Krumlov Castle. The princess was also a significant patron supporting the construction of the pilgrimage church of Mary of the Snows (, ) near Krumau () in Bohemia.

paragraph: Having died unexpectedly at the young age of 39, Johann Anton I left his family with only a draft of a testament that was both unsigned and not notarized but left the bulk of the possessions to the eldest son. The princess Anna Maria refused to recognize the draft as legitimate and administered the Eggenberg possessions until 1664 when the two brothers took over control, though it wasn't until 1672 that they actually settled on a division of the possessions amongst themselves. Anna Maria further demonstrated her mothering instincts by going personally to the emperor himself to request that her daughter be compensated with an equivalent sum as a dowry.

paragraph: Upon a visit to the town of Ödenburg () in Hungary in 1670, she found the religious tolerance more open than in the staunchly Catholic Duchy of Styria and relocated her court in 1674 there to a small city palace, compared with the castle in Krumau or the Palais Herberstein, a city palace in Graz. In Sopron she was allowed to hold Protestant services in her courtyard across the street from the former Protestant Church of St. George, which had previously been turned over to the Jesuits. That city palace in Sopron still bears her name as the Eggenberg House () and is still adorned with the coat of arms of the princes of Brandenburg-Bayreuth above the main gate and the Hohenzollern coat of arms beneath what was the pulpit above the courtyard. She died in this house on 8 May 1680 and is interred with her parents in the City Church () of Bayreuth.

paragraph: Section::::Offspring.

paragraph: From her marriage she had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria Elisabeth von Eggenberg (1640–1715), Fürstin of Eggenberg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Christian I von Eggenberg (1641–1710), Fürst of Eggenberg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria Franziska (*/† 1643)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Seyfried von Eggenberg (1644–1713), Fürst of Eggenberg

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barbara Kaiser. "Schloss Eggenberg". Graz: Christian Brandstätter Verlag, 2006, p. 60. (available in German or English editions through the Universalmuseum Joanneum)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walther Ernest Heydendorff. "Die Fürsten und Freiherren zu Eggenberg und ihre Vorfahren". Graz: Verlag Styria, 1965, pp. 161–163, 175–184.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christian von Stramberg, Anton Joseph Weidenbach. "Denkwürdiger und nützlicher rheinischer Antiquarius: Welcher die wichtisten und angenehmsten geographischen, historischen und politischen Merkwürdigkeiten des ganzen Rheinstroms, von seinem Ausflusse in das Meer bis zu seinem Ursprunge darstellt", Band 1, Teil 4, R. F. Hergt, 1863, p. 413 ff.

description: Austrian noble


text:
2012 Summer Olympics
Men's skeet

categories: Shooters at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Olympic shooters of Italy,Italian male sport shooters,Shooters at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Luigi Lodde

paragraph: Luigi Lodde is an Italian sport shooter. At the 2012 Summer Olympics he competed in the Men's skeet, finishing in 5th place.

description: Italian sport shooter

wikidata_label: Luigi Lodde

wikipedia_title: Luigi Lodde


text: REME

text: Sri Lanka

text: Sivathondan Nilayam

text: Chenkalady

text: Batticaloa

text: Veddas

text: Kaithadi

text: Yoga Swami: The Sage of Lanka

categories: Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,People of British Ceylon,1915 births,2004 deaths,British Army personnel of World War II

paragraph: James Ramsbotham, 2nd Viscount Soulbury

paragraph: James Herwald Ramsbotham, 2nd Viscount Soulbury (21 March 1915 – 12 December 2004) was the elder son of the Rt Hon Herwald Ramsbotham, 1st Viscount Soulbury, British Conservative politician.

paragraph: Section::::Army and marriage.

paragraph: At the outbreak of World War II he signed up with the REME, rapidly mastering the professional techniques, meanwhile continuing his work with groups in England. He married Anthea Margaret Wilton on 5 April 1949 (she died 26 June 1950).

paragraph: Section::::Life in Sri Lanka.

paragraph: From the late 1950s he lived in Ceylon (Sri Lanka), where his father had been Governor-General, as a Hindu yogi under the name Santhaswami. Although he ran the Sivathondan Nilayam at Chenkalady in Batticaloa, he also spent much time amongst the Veddas, aboriginal tribal peoples. He used to go off for long periods to their strongholds deep in the jungles and forests. Inevitably one newspaper or another would "scoop" the story of his death. He would subsequently emerge again from one of these forays, wondering what all the fuss was about. He then moved to Kaithadi Ashram at Jaffna, where he lived until 1986.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yoga Swami: The Sage of Lanka

description: 2nd Viscount Soulbury

wikidata_label: James Ramsbotham, 2nd Viscount Soulbury

wikipedia_title: James Ramsbotham, 2nd Viscount Soulbury


text:
Castile
Reconquista
battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
Meneses
Cea
Grajal
Montalbán
Tello Pérez de Meneses
Tierra de Campos
Cea
Cuenca
Villamartín
Monastery of Santa María de Trianos
Pope Honorius II
Papal bull
Gontrodo García
"arras"
tenente
Cea
Baeza
Almería
Cistercian
Santa María la Real
Gradefes
Montalbán
Navahermosa
Dos Hermanas
castle
Knights Templar
Portillo
Ermengol VIII, Count of Urgell
Gonzalo
Álvaro Núñez de Lara
Lope Díaz de Haro
Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón
Álvaro Díaz de Cameros
Berengaria
Henry I
Autillo de Campos
Fernando
King Alfonso IX
Crónica latina de los reyes de Castilla
Trigueros
Cisneros
Frechilla
Tariego
Toro
infantas
Sancha
Dulce
House of Lara
Castrejón de Trabancos
Caliph Yusuf II
Rodrigo Gutiérrez Girón
Martos
Córdoba
Alfonso Téllez de Meneses ""el Mozo""
Maria Pais Ribeira
Mayor Alfonso de Meneses
Alfonso de Molina
María de Molina
Alfonso Téllez de Molina
alférez
Rodrigo Gómez de Traba
Gómez González de Traba
Alfonso IX of León
Sancho I of Portugal
Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón

paragraph: Alfonso Téllez de Meneses el Viejo

paragraph: Alfonso Téllez de Meneses ( 1161–1230), known as el Viejo ("the Old"), was a nobleman of Castile and a participant in the key "Reconquista" battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. He was the second Lord of Meneses, Lord of Cea, Grajal, Montalbán, and, through his second wife, first Lord of Alburquerque.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: His father was Tello Pérez de Meneses, a powerful noble in Tierra de Campos and Cea, founder, with his wife Gontrodo, of the Monastery of Santa María de Matallana, and three hospitals for lepers and pilgrims in Cuenca, Villamartín, and in San Nicolás del Real Camino. Although mistakenly considered the founders of the Monastery of Santa María de Trianos because of the donation that the couple made in 1185 with the consent of their five children, the monastery had been founded before 1125 the year in which Pope Honorius II issued a Papal bull appointing the abbot and the prior of this religious establishment.

paragraph: The mother of Alfonso Téllez de Meneses was Gontrodo García of the Fláinez family who married Tello Pérez de Meneses around 1161, the year in which he granted her "arras". Gontrodo was the daughter of García Pérez, tenente in Cea who distinguished himself in the conquest of Baeza and Almería, and of Teresa Pérez. Gontrodo's parents founded the Cistercian convent of Santa María la Real in Gradefes, which she joined after she was widowed and where she eventually became the abbess.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: In 1209 King Alfonso VIII ceded to Alfonso Téllez de Meneses the village of Montalbán. The following year he received as a gift of the king the village of Navahermosa, its castle Dos Hermanas, and the village of Malamoneda and its eponymous castle, splitting them off from the jurisdiction of the Knights Templar. Around this time Alfonso Téllez de Meneses also governed Portillo on behalf of his relative Ermengol VIII, Count of Urgell.

paragraph: He fought at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, which took place on 16 July 1212, along with his brothers-in-law Gonzalo, Rodrigo, Pedro, Nuño, and Álvaro Rodríguez Girón, and his three brothers.

paragraph: In February 1216, during the uprising of Álvaro Núñez de Lara, he took part in an extraordinary parliament along with other Castilian nobles including Lope Díaz de Haro, Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón, Álvaro Díaz de Cameros, and others, where they agreed, with the support of Berengaria (sister of the young king Henry I), to form a common front against Álvaro Núñez. By the end of May the situation in Castile had become dangerous for Berengaria, so she decided to take refuge in the castle of Autillo de Campos, a property of Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón, and sent her son Fernando to the court of León and his father, King Alfonso IX. On 15 August 1216 a meeting was held among all the nobility of the Kingdom of Castile to try to reach an accord and avoid civil war, but their disagreements led the families of Girón, Téllez de Meneses, and Haro distance themselves definitively from Álvaro Núñez de Lara.

paragraph: According to the "Crónica latina de los reyes de Castilla", the year 1217 was one of great tension, such as never had occurred in Castile before. Álvaro Núñez de Lara refused to renounce the power he had gained thereto and harassed the forces that remained loyal to Berengaria, laying waste to the valley of Trigueros and besieging Autillo de Campos, where Berengaria and her partisans were located, as well as Cisneros and Frechilla.

paragraph: Circumstances changed suddenly when King Henry died on 6 June 1217 after receiving a head wound from a roof tile that came loose accidentally while he was playing with other children in the palace of the Bishop of Palencia, Tello Téllez de Meneses. Álvaro Núñez de Lara, as the young king's guardian, tried to keep the matter quiet, bringing the king's body to the castle of Tariego, but he could not prevent the news from reaching Queen Berengaria.

paragraph: Immediately, Berengaria charged Lope Díaz de Haro, Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón, and Alfonso Téllez de Meneses with the task of discreetly fetching her son Ferdinand, who at the time was in Toro with his father King Alfonso, using as pretext the possibility of an attack on Autillo and without revealing the news of her brother's death. Despite the hesitation of the "infantas" Sancha and Dulce, the nobles were able to convince the King that King Henry was alive and well, thereupon leaving Toro with Ferdinand. Berengaria, the legitimate heiress to the throne of Castile, renounced it in favor of her son Ferdinand, who shortly thereafter was proclaimed king in Autillo de Campos on 14 June 1217.

paragraph: On 20 September of that year, Alfonso Téllez de Meneses took Álvaro Núñez de Lara prisoner, and Álvaro was obliged to hand over some fortresses. On 11 November a generous truce was signed, allowing members of the House of Lara to recover their liberty and privileges. As soon as he was released from prison, however, Álvaro once again defied his enemies Alfonso Téllez de Meneses, Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón, and Lope Díaz de Haro, but he died while laying siege to them in the fortress of Castrejón de Trabancos, where they had taken refuge after an initial defeat. His brother Fernando Núñez de Lara made his way to Morocco, where he placed himself in the service of Caliph Yusuf II. The Pact of Toro of 26 August 1218 ratified the truce and put an end to the conflict.

paragraph: Alfonso Téllez de Meneses died in 1230 while accompanying King Ferdinand on his way to his coronation as King of León, the occasion of the union of the two crowns upon the death of Alfonso IX of León. He was buried, according to tradition, in the Monastery of Santa María de Palazuelos which he had founded.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: Alfonso married twice. His first wife was Elvira Rodríguez Girón (? – after 22 February 1211), daughter of Rodrigo Gutiérrez Girón. They had four children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tello Alfonso de Meneses, subject of chivalric romances on account of his defense of Martos and Córdoba. He died without issue, leaving his brother Alfonso to succeed him as Governor of Cordoba and Lord of Meneses.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alfonso Téllez de Meneses ""el Mozo"", ("the Young"; ? – 1257), who married María Anes de Limia, daughter of Juan Fernández, tenant-in-chief in Limia y Monterroso, and Maria Pais Ribeira ""a Ribeirinha"". Alfonso and María had three children, including, Mayor Alfonso de Meneses, the wife of "infante" Alfonso de Molina, and mother of Queen María de Molina and her brother Alfonso Téllez de Molina, Lord of Meneses and "alférez" to the king.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mayor Alfonso, married to Rodrigo Gómez de Traba, son of Count Gómez González de Traba and Elvira Pérez.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Teresa Alfonso, married to Menendo González de Sousa, and by him the mother of María Méndez de Sousa who married Martín Alfonso, illegitimate son of Alfonso IX of León and Teresa Gil de Soverosa.

paragraph: Between February 1211, the year in which his first wife died, and before July 1213 when he first appears with his second wife, he married the young Portuguese Teresa Sanches, the illegitimate daughter of Sancho I of Portugal and Maria Pais Ribeira, who later married Juan Fernández, tenant-in-chief in Limia and Monterroso. Alfonso probably succeeded to the Lordship of Alburquerque thanks to his second marriage to Teresa, since it was inherited by the children of this marriage, while the Lordship of Meneses passed to his firstborn, Tello, the son of his first wife. The children of this second marriage were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martín Alfonso (died after 15 June 1285), who married Mencia Rodríguez. Martín left a will dated 15 June 1285, leaving instructions for his wife Mencia, his sister María Alfonso, and his five children, Teresa, María, Alfonso, Velasco, and Gil Martínez. He also mentions his brother-in-law Gómez Rodríguez who must be Mencía's brother.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alfonso Alfonso de Meneses ""Tizón"", (died after 1252), who according to some authors married Mayor González Girón, daughter of Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón.

paragraph: BULLET::::- María Alfonso (died before 15 June 1285).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Juan Alfonso (?–1268), married to Elvira or Berenguela González Girón, daughter of Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón.

description: Castilian noble

wikidata_label: Alfonso Téllez I de Meneses

wikipedia_title: Alfonso Téllez de Meneses el Viejo


text:
Andorra
1952
1956 Winter Olympics
downhill
slalom
giant slalom
1960 Winter Olympics

categories: Alpine skiers at the 1956 Winter Olympics,Olympic alpine skiers of Spain,Alpine skiers at the 1952 Winter Olympics,Living people,1926 births

paragraph: Luis Molné

paragraph: Luis Molné Armengol (born 26 June 1926) is a retired Andorran alpine skier. He competed for Spain at the 1952 and 1956 Winter Olympics in the downhill, slalom and giant slalom events with the best result of 37th finish in the downhill in 1956. He broke his leg on a preliminary run at the 1960 Winter Olympics and had to withdraw.

wikidata_label: Luis Molné

wikipedia_title: Luis Molné


text:
Sayyid dynasty
Delhi Sultanate
Mubarak Shah
Timur
Shah Rukh
Alam Shah
Lodi Gardens
New Delhi

paragraph: Muhammad Shah (Sayyid dynasty)

paragraph: Muhammad Shah () was the third monarch of the Sayyid dynasty which ruled the Delhi Sultanate. He succeeded his uncle, Mubarak Shah to the throne. The Sayyids were subservient to Timur's successor, Shah Rukh. According to the chronicler, Muhammad Bihamadkhani, who was a contemporary, this obedience continued in Muhammad Shah's reign. Both Muhammad Shah and his son, Alam Shah who succeeded him, were supplanted by the Lodi dynasty.

paragraph: Muhammad Shah's tomb is a notable monument within the Lodi Gardens of New Delhi.

description: 27th Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate and 3rd from the Sayyid dynasty

wikidata_label: Muhammad Shah

wikipedia_title: Muhammad Shah (Sayyid dynasty)


text:
Jingi-kan
Emperor Shōmu
Owari Province
Empress Kōken
Daijō-kan
Fujiwara no Nakamaro
sangi
kugyō
Settsu Province
Emperor Kōnin
chūnagon
Ason
Emperor Kanmu
dainagon
sadaijin
Fujiwara no Nagate
udaijin
Kibi no Makibi
Daijō-kan
Man'yōshū

paragraph: Ōnakatomi no Kiyomaro

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: After passing through a variety of inspector-level positions, Kiyomaro was in 743 promoted to assistant director of the "Jingi-kan" and granted the rank of . In 747, in the last days of the court of Emperor Shōmu, he was moved to a regional position as governor of Owari Province. In 751, though, the new Empress Kōken promoted Kiyomaro to , and in 754 he was restored to his position in the "Jingi-kan" and subsequently given the position of in the "Daijō-kan".

paragraph: Under the administration of Fujiwara no Nakamaro, Kiyomaro advanced steadily. He was promoted to in 757, in 759. In 762 he rose to , and at the end of the year Kiyomaro was promoted to "sangi", joining the ranks of the "kugyō" along with Nakamaro's sons Kusumaro and Asakari. In this same year he also served with Kusumaro and in the empresses' palace, transmitting imperial decrees. In 763 he was promoted to and director of Settsu Province. Early in 764, he was promoted to .

paragraph: Later that year, though, Nakamaro rebelled, and Kiyomaro supported the Empress Kōken's side against him. The ex-Empress was victorious and retook the throne, and Kiyomaro was promoted to . In the next year, 765, he was further awarded honors, second class, for his service. At the banquet after Kōken's re-enthronement ceremony as Empress Shōtoku, Kiyomaro was in attendance as director of the "Jingi-kan". The Empress praised him for his integrity and industry in his long service in that organization, and he was promoted to .

paragraph: Kiyomaro continued his rise in the courts of both Empress Shōtoku and Emperor Kōnin. In 768 he was promoted to "chūnagon", and in 769 he changed his family name from Nakatomi no Ason to Ōnakatomi no Ason. In 771, Kiyomaro was appointed as a tutor to , but was dismissed from this role when the Crown Prince was disinherited the next year. In 773, he was re-appointed as tutor to the new Crown Prince Yamabe, the future Emperor Kanmu.

paragraph: Meanwhile, in 770, Kiyomaro was promoted to and "dainagon", and in 771, following the deaths of "sadaijin" Fujiwara no Nagate and "udaijin" Kibi no Makibi, he was promoted to and "udaijin". In 772, he was promoted again to . In his role as "udaijin", Kiyomaro headed the "Daijō-kan" until 780.

paragraph: In 781, immediately following the ascension of Emperor Kanmu, Kiyomaro was allowed to retire at the age of 70. He died in 788, at the age of 87.

paragraph: Section::::Personality.

paragraph: As an old retainer familiar with the past days of the court, Kiyomaro memorized and was proficient in many court ceremonies. Even as he aged, he was diligent and never shirked his official duties.

paragraph: Five of his poems are recorded in the Man'yōshū.

paragraph: Section::::Genealogy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: , daughter of

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife: , and

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fourth son:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Other children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- First son:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second son:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third son:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Son:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Son:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughter: wife of

description: Japanese noble

wikidata_label: Ōnakatomi no Kiyomaro

wikipedia_title: Ōnakatomi no Kiyomaro


text:
Matelica
Italian
metalworker
Party of Italian Communists
Communist Refoundation Party
Fausto Bertinotti
Party of Italian Communists
Oliviero Diliberto

categories: Italian politicians,1953 births,Italian communists,Living people,People from the Province of Macerata

paragraph: Cesare Procaccini

paragraph: Cesare Procaccini (born 17 January 1953, in Matelica) is an Italian politician and metalworker; he is also the General Secretary of the Party of Italian Communists.

paragraph: Procaccini was a member of the Communist Refoundation Party of Fausto Bertinotti since 1998, but in 2010 he passed to the Party of Italian Communists and after only three years he was appointed General Secretary of the party, taking the place of PdCI's historical leader Oliviero Diliberto.

description: Italian politician

wikidata_label: Cesare Procaccini

wikipedia_title: Cesare Procaccini


text:
1928 Summer Olympics
Royal Air Force

categories: British male high jumpers,Olympic athletes of Great Britain,1944 deaths,English male high jumpers,1911 births,Athletes (track and field) at the 1928 Summer Olympics,Sportspeople from Southampton

paragraph: Harry Simmons (high jumper)

paragraph: Henry Augustus "Harry" Simmons (21 February 1911 – 23 March 1944) was an English high jumper. He competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics and finished in 11th place. The same year he set a British junior record at 1.86 m. Simmons was a Royal Air Force officer and won the RAF high jump title in 1930, 1932 and 1935. He died in a flying accident during World War II.

description: British high jumper

wikidata_label: Harry Simmons

wikipedia_title: Harry Simmons (high jumper)


text: Saint-Simonian movement

text: Orléans

text: Suzanne Voilquin

text: Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin

text: Suzanne Voilquin

text: Ghenia Avril de Sainte-Croix

text: Laure Adler

categories: 1833 deaths,People from Loiret,French feminist writers,French socialists,French journalists,Saint-Simonists,1790s births

paragraph: Claire Démar

paragraph: Claire Démar (1799–1833), was a feminist, journalist and writer, member of the Saint-Simonian movement. The avant-garde nature of her writings has led to her current recognition.

paragraph: Her biography remains obscure. Her name according to some sources is Émilie d'Eymard: she signed her first letters as Émilie d'Eymard but her first publications as Claire Démar. Her birth date of 1799 is also uncertain, She died in 1833. Her father may have been the pianist and composer of German origins Sebastian Demar, with her mother being Elisabeth Riesam, also of German origin . They had settled in Orléans in 1791, but apparently no birth was recorded in that city's vital statistics for the year 1799 (Year VII-Year VIII, nor in the corresponding decennial table. The couple's daughter named Demar Theresia (Thérèse), harpist and composer (who was her elder sister) was born in Gernsbach, (Germany) in 1786.

paragraph: Démar was one of the most combative women of Saint-Simonian movement. She used the Saint-Simonian movement to go further and express findings and claims that were rejected by a majority of her contemporaries, but became accepted by feminists during following years. Shortly before her death, she published a "Appel d'une femme au peuple sur l'affranchissement de la femme " ("Appeal of a woman to the people on the enfranchisement of women") which calls for the application to women of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. She also describes marriage as legalized prostitution.

paragraph: During the last years of her short life, Claire Demar participated in feminist journals created during the opportunity offered by the revolution of 1830, She became associated with the feminist journalist Suzanne Voilquin in her publications "La femme nouvelle", "L'Apostolat des femmes," et "La Tribune des femmes."

paragraph: Démar was preparing to publish a second book, when, abandoned by all, reduced to the greatest misery, and despairing to see the emancipation of women, she chose suicide together with her lover Perret Desessarts. They were found on the same bed with two letters and a roll of paper, which she had asked to be read in the Saint-Simonian society of Paris and then given to Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin, who sent the papers to Suzanne Voilquin who published them in "La Tribune des femmes."

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Claire Demar "Appel d'une femme au peuple sur l'affranchissement de la femme",1833, Valentin Pelosse, 2001. ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Claire Demar, " Ma Loi d'avenir" posthumously in " La Tribune des femmes", Suzanne Voilquin, Paris, 1834.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Claire Demar (and Perret Desessarts), letters to Charles Lambert (3 August 1833), autographs stored at the Arsenal, Mss 7714, farewell letters written some hours before the suicide of the two lovers.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Revue de Paris" 1834, p. 6 et 7

paragraph: BULLET::::- Suzanne Voilquin, "Souvenirs d'une fille du peuple, ou La Saint-simonienne en égypte," 1866, Maspero, Paris, 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ghenia Avril de Sainte-Croix, "Le Féminisme," Paris, Giard & Brière, 1907.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laure Adler, "À l'aube du féminisme, les premières journalistes : 1830-1850," Paris, Payot, 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carole Bitoun, "La Révolte au féminin. De 1789 à nos jours," Hugo & Cie, 2007.

description: French journalist

wikidata_label: Claire Démar

wikipedia_title: Claire Démar


text:
Edward I of England
Margaret of France
Philip III of France
King Edward II
Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent
Earl Marshal
Brotherton
Yorkshire
Cawood
Pontefract Castle
William Rishanger
Thomas Becket
Mary of Woodstock
heir presumptive
King Edward III
Earldom of Cornwall
favourite
Piers Gaveston
Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk
Earl of Norfolk
Earl Marshal
Scotland
Hugh Despenser the Younger
Hugh Despenser the Elder
Queen Isabella
Roger Mortimer
Edward III
Battle of Halidon Hill
Abbey of Bury St Edmunds
Edward I of England
coat of arms
Kingdom of England
Roughton, Norfolk
Edward of Norfolk
Roger de Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk
John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave
Wauthier de Masny
Alice of Norfolk
Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu
chantry
Bosham
Sussex
Sir Ralph de Cobham
Tetbury
Gloucestershire

categories: Earls Marshal,1300 births,13th-century English people,Earls of Norfolk (1312),1338 deaths,Heirs to the English throne,House of Plantagenet,People of the Wars of Scottish Independence

paragraph: Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1 June 13004 August 1338), was the fifth son of King Edward I of England (1272–1307), and the eldest child by his second wife, Margaret of France, the daughter of King Philip III of France. He was, therefore, a younger half-brother of King Edward II (1307–1327) and a full brother of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent. He occupied the office of Earl Marshal of England.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Thomas of Brotherton was born 1 June 1300 at the manor house at Brotherton, Yorkshire, while his mother was on her way to Cawood, where her confinement was scheduled to take place. According to Hilton, Margaret was staying at Pontefract Castle and was following a hunt when she went into labour. The chronicler William Rishanger records that during the difficult delivery his mother prayed, as was the custom at the time, to Thomas Becket, and Thomas of Brotherton was thus named after the saint and his place of birth.

paragraph: King Edward I hastened to the queen and the newborn baby and had Thomas presented with two cradles. His brother Edmund of Woodstock was born in the year after that. They were overseen by wet nurses until they were six years old. Like their parents, they learned to play chess and to ride horses. They were visited by nobles and their half-sister Mary of Woodstock, who was a nun. Their mother often accompanied their father on his campaigns to Scotland, but kept herself well-informed on their well-being.

paragraph: Thomas's father died when he was 7 years old. Thomas's half-brother Edward, became king of England, as "King Edward II", and Thomas was heir presumptive until his nephew, the future King Edward III, was born in 1312. The Earldom of Cornwall had been intended for Thomas, but his brother the King instead bestowed it upon his favourite, Piers Gaveston, in 1306. When Thomas was 10 years old, King Edward II assigned to him and his brother Edmund, the estates of Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk, who had died without heirs in 1306.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1312, Thomas was titled "Earl of Norfolk" by Edward II, and on 10 February 1316 he was created Earl Marshal. While his brother was away fighting in Scotland, he was left Keeper of England. He was known for his hot and violent temper. He was one of the many victims of the unchecked greed of the king's new favourite, Hugh Despenser the Younger and his father Hugh Despenser the Elder, who stole some of the young earl's lands.

paragraph: He allied himself with Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer when they invaded England in 1326, and stood as one of the judges in the trials against both Despensers. When his nephew Edward III reached his majority and took the government into his own hands Thomas, who had helped with the deposition, became one of his principal advisors. It was in the capacity of Lord Marshal that he commanded the right wing of the English army at the Battle of Halidon Hill on 19 July 1333.

paragraph: Thomas died about 20 September 1338, and was buried in the choir of the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds. As he had no surviving sons, Thomas was succeeded by his daughter, Margaret, as Countess of Norfolk. She was later created Duchess of Norfolk for life in 1397.

paragraph: As a son of Edward I of England, Thomas was entitled to bear the coat of arms of the Kingdom of England, differenced by a "label argent of three points".

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and issue.

paragraph: Thomas married firstly, before 8 January 1326, Alice de Hales (d. before 12 October 1330), daughter of Sir Roger de Hales of Hales Hall in Loddon in Roughton, Norfolk, a coroner, by his wife, Alice, by whom he had a son and two daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward of Norfolk, who married Beatrice de Mortimer, daughter of Roger de Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, but died without issue before 9 August 1334.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk, who married firstly John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, and secondly Wauthier de Masny.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alice of Norfolk, who married Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu.

paragraph: Thomas's wife Alice died by October 1330, when a chantry was founded for her soul in Bosham, Sussex.

paragraph: Thomas married secondly, before 4 April 1336, Mary de Brewes (died 11 June 1362), widow of Sir Ralph de Cobham, (died 5 February 1326), and daughter of Sir Peter de Brewes (died before 7 February 1312) of Tetbury, Gloucestershire, by Agnes de Clifford (died before 1332), by whom he had no surviving issue.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mortimer, Ian. "The Greatest Traitor", 2003.

description: English Earl


text: Senigallia

text: Bologna

text: street art

text: Ericailcane

text: Ericailcane

text: Costa Rica

text: Nicaragua

text: Guatemala

text: Honduras

text: Managua

text: mural

text: Victor Canifrù

text: Mexico City

text: Guatemala City

text: San José

text: Buenos Aires

text: São Paulo

text: Christ of Corcovado

text: Rio de Janeiro

text: Christ

text: Clermont-Ferrand

text: Bogotá

text: Montevideo

text: Uruguay

text: Lima

text: Peru

text: conquistadores

text: Long Island

text: Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles

text: Jeffrey Deitch

text: West Bank

text: Banksy

text: Mark Jenkins

text: Ron English

text: Swoon

text: Faile

text: Bethlehem

text: Israel

text: Vienna

text: Danube

text: harbour near Albern

text: Simmering

text: Reich Ministry of Transport

text: Anschluss

text: Austria

text: Nazi Germany

text: geo

text: biopolitical

text: eastern

text: south-eastern Europe

text: forced labour

text: mural

text: Belgrade

text: Serbia

text: Wrocław

text: Gdańsk

text: Nazis

text: Red Army

text: Solidarność

text: capitalism

text: Prague

text: Czech Republic

text: Möbius strip

text: Camden Town

text: Ericailcane

text: Tate Modern

text: JR

text: Faile

text: Sixeart

text: Os Gêmeos

text: Nunca

text: Kreuzberg

text: JR

text: PAC

text: Milan

text: Comacchio

text: Grottaglie

text: David Ellis.

text: Modena

text: Ancona

text: Ericailcane

text: Prato

text: Florence

text: Grosseto

text: Turin

text: Rovereto

text: Verona

text: Pesaro

text: Centri Sociali

text: Forte Prenestino

text: Pisa

text: Zaragoza

text: Eltono

text: minotaur

text: Valencia

text: Linares

text: Madrid

text: Barcelona

text: The Influencers

text: pop

text: surrealist

text: rhetorical

text: silkscreen prints

text: Los Angeles

text: Art in the Streets

text: OK NO on Youtube

text: Child on Vimeo

text: Fino on Vimeo

text: FFWD on Vimeo

text: Fantoche on Vimeo

text: La quiete on Vimeo

text: Letter A on Vimeo

text: Walking on Vimeo

text: Muto on Vimeo

text: Combo on Vimeo

text: Morphing on Youtube

text: BIG BANG BIG BOOM on Vimeo

text: BLU painting in Köln on Youtube

text: BLU and ERICAILCANE at Lazzaretto on Youtube

text: BLU in Valencia on Youtube

text: buenosairesstreetart.com: Blu

text: Blu

categories: Italian graffiti artists,Unidentified people,People from Senigallia,Living people,Pseudonymous artists

paragraph: Blu (artist)

paragraph: Blu is the pseudonym of an Italian artist who conceals his real identity. He was born in Senigallia. He lives in Bologna and has been active in street art since 1999.

paragraph: His early career involved the practice of shared artistic actions. Artists such as Dem, Sweza, Run and, above all, Ericailcane, were his companions during nocturnal raids where an anonymous creative participation overcame the need of signing their pieces. Also, during those years, Blu started experimenting with digital animation, and he created short interactive video clips that were used as a visual contribution to the live musical performances of the collective OK NO.

paragraph: The collaboration with Ericailcane had its best results from 2003 to 2006. The two personalities complemented each other; while Blu was painting his characteristic human figures Ericailcane made his typical animals. The two artists, friends in real life, continue to work together, although less often.

paragraph: Starting in 2004, some art galleries noticed Blu's artistic value and invited him to take part in both one-man and collective shows. Yet Blu, throughout his entire youthful career, attempted to limit his presence within the official art world, preferring other kinds of territories.

paragraph: Since his major pieces outside of his videos have been immovable murals, the survey below of Blu's work is geographical rather than chronological.

paragraph: Section::::Places.

paragraph: Section::::Places.:Central and South America.

paragraph: His nomadic spirit reached its peak in 2005. From the end of that year Blu spent most of his time jumping around in self-guided travels, linking his itineraries to the festivals to which he was invited. At that time he collaborated with Ericailcane and several artists from Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, and Honduras in a festival in Managua called "Murales de Octubre." On that occasion he painted a wall, significant in the history of South American murals, on the Avenida Bolivar where, in 1979, Victor Canifrù celebrated the Sandinista revolution. With this he achieved one of his most imposing murals which was immediately dubbed Hombre Banano (Banana Man) by the locals, referring to the protest of the workers on banana plantations.

paragraph: The following year, from October 2006 to December 2006, he returned to Central and South America for a long circuit of murals that included Mexico City, Guatemala City, Managua, San José (Costa Rica), and finally, Buenos Aires (Argentina). A year later he was again in South America, in São Paulo, Brazil, participating in the festival "A Conquista do Espaço" (Conquering Space). On that occasion he came up with a new interpretation of the "Christ of Corcovado" of Rio de Janeiro. In Blu's version Christ is literally submerged by tons of guns and rifles.

paragraph: From the Fall of 2007 to the Spring of 2008, he lived in Buenos Aires, devoting all his efforts to the creation of a video called "Muto" (Silent). In addition to receiving many international awards, such as the Grand Prix 2009 from the Festival of Clermont-Ferrand, "Muto" has been seen by 10 million-plus viewers on YouTube. It is also available in high definition on Blu's website under the Creative Commons license. This video is composed of hundreds of paintings on walls, made throughout many streets of Buenos Aires and, frame by frame, creates more than seven minutes of an animated mural.

paragraph: In 2009 Blu started his umpteenth tour around South America visiting Bogotá for the festival "Memoria Canalla", then to Montevideo, Uruguay, back to Buenos Aires and, for the first time, to Lima, Peru, where he painted the entire façade of an historical building in the central Avenida Arenales. In this huge mural Blu seems to reinterpret the history of South America, a continent that has been violated by both ancient and modern conquistadores.

paragraph: Section::::Places.:North America.

paragraph: In 2008 Blu accepted an invitation from the Deitch Gallery in New York to paint the exterior of their Long Island location.

paragraph: After being invited by the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles to paint an exterior wall of the museum for its "Art in the Street" exhibition, its director Jeffrey Deitch ordered the resulting mural to be whitewashed the day after it was finished, probably due to its political content. The mural represented two rows of coffins each draped with a one dollar bill in place of the American flag.

paragraph: Section::::Places.:West Bank.

paragraph: In 2007, Santa's Ghetto, a London-based art collective which organizes annual happenings of painting performances and print trade fairs, invited Blu to a festival that took place in the West Bank. Blu was part of a group of artists, including Banksy, Mark Jenkins, Ron English, Swoon, and Faile who painted on the wall around Bethlehem that separates the West Bank from Israel. On a watchtower border Blu painted a figure of a person trying to tear down the walls with his finger.

paragraph: Section::::Places.:Europe.

paragraph: Section::::Places.:Europe.:Austria.

paragraph: In 2010 Blu was invited to Vienna to paint a mural at the Danube River harbour near Albern in the city district of Simmering.

paragraph: First suggested in 1923 as one possibility for the expansion of Vienna's harbour facilities, Albern was selected for realisation by the German Reich Ministry of Transport "(Reichsverkehrsministerium)" in 1939, a year after the "Anschluss" of Austria to Nazi Germany. The project was to serve as a logistic node of a future geo- and biopolitical order, designated for the transshipment of grain from the annexed or economically colonized regions of eastern and south-eastern Europe to the heartlands of the German Reich. For the construction of the harbour basin and its five granaries between 1939 and 1942 the Nazi regime employed forced labour. Realized on one of the granaries, Blu's mural called upon the overdue historical and social commemoration of the place's charged history and the unknown fates of the forced labourers who built it. The commissioned piece was destroyed in autumn 2013 in the course of renovation works.

paragraph: Section::::Places.:Europe.:Eastern Europe.

paragraph: In Eastern Europe Blu has painted in Belgrade, Serbia in 2009, in Wrocław and Gdańsk, Poland, in 2008. In Gdańsk, located on the industrial harbor where the destinies of twentieth-century Europe intersected, he used an abandoned hangar as the background for his short movie, "Morphing," where the symbols of this place, loaded with history, are mixed together. Gdańsk Harbor was indeed invaded first by the Nazis, then by the Red Army and subsequently saw the birth of the trade union movement, Solidarność (Solidarity), and finally, the victory of capitalism.

paragraph: Also, in 2008, Blu was in Prague in the Czech Republic for the "Names Festival" to paint a mural called Gaza Strip, where tanks and bulldozers are seen chasing each other along a Möbius strip.

paragraph: Section::::Places.:Europe.:England.

paragraph: In 2007, Blu went to London for the first time where he made many pieces around Camden Town and Willow Street, and at the former headquarters of art-gallery website Pictures on Walls. That same summer he took part in a two-man exhibit with Ericailcane at the Lazarides Gallery. The following year, the Tate Modern presented an exhibition on the phenomenon of street art and invited Blu, along with JR, Faile, Sixeart, and Os Gêmeos e Nunca, to paint its entire main façade.

paragraph: Section::::Places.:Europe.:Germany.

paragraph: Blu worked in Germany on many occasions between 2006 and 2009, mostly in Berlin, and always around Cuvrystraße in a multi-ethnic neighborhood called Kreuzberg. Thanks to his participation in several of the festivals "Backjump" and "Planetprozess," he had the opportunity to create some of his works, one of which was painted in combination with gigantic photos by the French artist JR.

paragraph: In 2006, during one of these trips, Blu made his first digital animation from images painted directly on a wall, a technique that would be a recurrent theme of many of his future videos such as "Muto."

paragraph: In consultation with Blu the two murals at Cuvrystraße were covered with black paint in 2014 by a group of people as a sign of discontent with the city's urban development policies in the area.

paragraph: Section::::Places.:Europe.:Italy.

paragraph: Italy, above any other country, can boast of having the majority of Blu's graffiti, both illegal and legal. Among the public projects worth noting are the façade of PAC (the Contemporary Art Pavilion) in Milan, finished in 2008; the murals in that city's Bicocca and Lambrate train stations, done in 2008 and in 2009; three editions of "Spinafestival" in Comacchio (2005, 2006 and 2007); two editions of "Fame Festival a Grottaglie" (2008 and 2009). In this last one, Blu completed a video-animation with the New York-based artist, David Ellis. Blu has also taken part in many editions of the festival "Icone" in Modena and in Ancona's "Festival Pop Up" in 2008 where he painted along with Ericailcane a gigantic silos next to the harbor waterfront. Other Italian cities where Blu has left his mark are varied, among which are Prato, Florence, Grosseto, Turin, Ancona, Rovereto, Verona and Pesaro.

paragraph: In Bologna there were most of his first works because of his studies in the city's University. In 2016 he deleted all murals painted in Bologna due to the decision taken by the municipality who made an exhibition trying to profit from Blu's graffiti without his permission.

paragraph: Blu has also painted in several "Centri Sociali", places that are between squats and self-managed cultural centers. In Bologna his work is visible at XM24, TPO, Livello 57, Crash; in Rome at Forte Prenestino and Collatino; in Milan at Cox 18 and Leoncavallo and in Pisa at Cantiere San Bernardo.

paragraph: Section::::Places.:Europe.:Spain.

paragraph: Blu has frequently visited Spain. At the festival "Segundo Asalto" in Zaragoza, he, along with the artists San, Eltono, Nuria, and Nano, painted a mural of a colossal minotaur picking up an astonished man. Blu's murals can also be found in Valencia, Linares, Madrid and Barcelona. In Barcelona's Barrio Carmelo neighborhood, Blu took part in the 2008 edition of the festival "The Influencers". With the global economic crisis looming, Blu painted a threatening shark whose skin is completely covered in euro bills.

paragraph: Section::::Techniques, themes and ethic.

paragraph: The list of the places where Blu has left his trace is as long as his collection of sketchbooks which contain sketches, thoughts or simply visual notes. Often these drawings function as a script for his improvisations on walls.

paragraph: His graphic mania is directly proportional to the epic scale of his murals. His paintings seem to interpret the architectural language of public spaces and reinvent them into new shapes. Thus, his murals are never detached from the places where they were conceived because Blu is a painter in the landscape, urban or industrial. He always tries to communicate with the society which inhabits those spaces, searching for the uniqueness of each place.

paragraph: Besides drawing and painting, the technical universe of Blu is completed by a skillful use of the digital medium. Proof of that can be seen in his website where his manual craftsmanship is combined with computer programming language.

paragraph: The recurring themes of his imagery play on the distortion of the human figure. He speaks a pop vocabulary which resembles the automatic writing process of the surrealist tradition with purely rhetorical processes.

paragraph: In short, Blu's artistic practice has contributed to a radical change in the art market. His murals and his videos are given for free to the public space of the cities and on the World Wide Web. His income comes from the sale of multiples, like silkscreen prints, in those few galleries which represent him, or through the sale of self-made editions.

paragraph: The works of Blu appear abrupt because they are derived from the free creativity of an artist who has decided to occupy a position outside the sheltered field of art. As magically as they appear they can disappear, sometimes covered by other paintings by Blu himself, sometimes ruined by time and weather, but mostly erased by the authorities in the name of tidiness.

paragraph: Blu's aesthetic search is motivated by a belief in an open source philosophy, persistent in its anarchical revolt against contemporary art conventions and unique in beauty.

paragraph: Section::::Censored in US.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was invited in Los Angeles for the exhibition "Art in the Streets" but his work on the side of the Geffen Contemporary Wing of MOCA was censored.

paragraph: Section::::Principal exhibits.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - "Memoria Canalla", Bogotá.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008, 2009 - "Fame Festival", Grottaglie, Taranto, Italy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - "Street Art", Tate Modern, London.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - "Influencers", Barcellona.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - "Santa's ghetto", Bethlehem, Palestine.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - "Super Fluo", Lazarides Gallery, London.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - "BackJump Live Issue#3", Kunstraum Kreuzberg/Bethanien, Berlin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - "Street Art Sweet Art", Padiglione Arte Contemporanea, Milan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - "A Conquista do Espaço", São Paulo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - "Murales de Octubre", Managua.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005, 2006, 2007 - "Spinafestival", Comacchio, Italy.

paragraph: Section::::Videography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 "OK NO", 3'44", music: Foia and Maledetto. OK NO on Youtube

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 "Child", animation, 3'27", music: Maledetto. Child on Vimeo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 "Fino", animation, music of Andrea Martignoni. Fino on Vimeo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 "Ffwd", animation, music: irr.app.(ext.). FFWD on Vimeo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Fantoche"; wall-painted animation, location: Baden, subsequently included in "Muto". Fantoche on Vimeo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "1, 2, 3, etc", ; Connections, animation, 10".

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "La quiete", animation, music: LaQuiete "Sulla differenza fra un sorriso e una risata". La quiete on Vimeo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Letter A", wall-painted animation. Letter A on Vimeo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Walking", wall-painted animation. Walking on Vimeo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Muto", wall-painted animation, music: Andrea Martignoni Muto on Vimeo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 "Combo", (with David Ellis) wall-painted animation, Studio Cromie production, Fame festival, Grottaglie, 2009. Combo on Vimeo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 "Morphing", wall-painted animation, location: Gdańsk. Morphing on Youtube

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 "Big Bang Big Boom", wall painted animation, location Argentina, Uruquay BIG BANG BIG BOOM on Vimeo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 "BLU painting in Köln", wall painted animation, location Köln, Germany BLU painting in Köln on Youtube

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 "BLU and ERICAILCANE at Lazzaretto", wall painted animation, location Bologna, Italy BLU and ERICAILCANE at Lazzaretto on Youtube

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 "BLU in Valencia", wall painted animation, location Valencia, Spain BLU in Valencia on Youtube

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Back Jumps (2007). "The Live Issue #3: Urban Communication and Aesthetics", William Stratmann.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dietrich, Lucas (2009). "60: Innovators Shaping Our Creative Future", Thames & Hudson.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hundertmark, Christian (2006). "The Art of Rebellion 2: World of Urban Art Activism (No. 2)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iosifidis, Kiriakos (2009). "Mural Art, Volume 2: Murals on Huge Public Surfaces Around the World from Graffiti to Trompe L'Oeil", Gingko Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lazarides, Steve (2009). "Outsiders: Art by People"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lewisohn, Cedar, editor (2008). "Street Art: The Graffiti Revolution", HNA Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manco, Tristan (2007). "Street Sketchbook: Inside the Journals of International Street and Graffiti Artists", Chronicle Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tschiedl, Roman (2014). "BLU - Untitled/it is obvious", In: Taig, Maria [Ed.]: "Kör vie 07-10: Public art Vienna 2007 - 2010", Verlag für moderne Kunst

paragraph: Section::::Editions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blu (2018). "Minima muralia", Zooo Print and Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blu (2008). "Blu 2004-2007", Studio Cromie.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blu (2006). "Nulla", Zooo Print and Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blu (2005). "25 disegni (with Ericailcane)", Zooo Print and Press.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- buenosairesstreetart.com: Blu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blu

description: artist

wikidata_label: Blu

wikipedia_title: Blu (artist)


text: Mono Lake Paiute - Kucadikadi

text: basketmaker

text: Yosemite National Park

text: Lee Vining

text: Mono Lake Paiute - Kucadikadi

text: Lucy Telles

text: Carrie Bethel

text: Bishop

text: beadwork

text: Czechoslovakia

text: seed beads

text: Yosemite Museum

text: sedge

text: Autry National Center

text: Oakland Museum of California

text: Nevada Museum of Art

text: List of Native American artists

categories: Native American women artists,Artists from California,Paiute people,1965 deaths,Native American basket weavers,20th-century American women artists,People from Mono County, California,1867 births

paragraph: Nellie Charlie

paragraph: Nellie Charlie (1867–1965) was a Mono Lake Paiute - Kucadikadi basketmaker associated with Yosemite National Park. She was born in Lee Vining, California, the daughter of tribal headman Pete Jim, and his wife Patsy, also a basket maker. She married Young Charlie, a Mono Lake Paiute - Kucadikadi man from Yosemite, and they had six children. Her Paiute name was Besa-Yoona.

paragraph: She worked in both traditional and modern basket styles, and participated in the annual Indian Field Days competition in Yosemite in the 1920s. Her daughter, Daisy Mallory, became a prominent weaver.

paragraph: She was among a group of Paiute women who "became known for their exceedingly fine, visually stunning and complex polychrome baskets." Others in this group included Lucy Telles and Carrie Bethel.

paragraph: She died in Bishop, California.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: One of her baskets covered with beadwork using Czechoslovakian seed beads is in the collection of the Yosemite Museum. This and a more traditional basket she made of sedge root were part of an exhibition on the art of Yosemite which appeared at the Autry National Center, the Oakland Museum of California, the Nevada Museum of Art and the Eiteljorg Museum of American Indians and Western Art from 2006 to 2008.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Native American artists

paragraph: BULLET::::- Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas

description: Kucadikadi basket weaver from California

wikidata_label: Nellie Charlie

wikipedia_title: Nellie Charlie


text:
jazz
New Orleans, Louisiana
violin
cornet
New York City
Bix Beiderbecke
King Oliver
George Finola
Pete Fountain
Photo

categories: American jazz bandleaders,1899 births,20th-century American musicians,20th-century American conductors (music),1977 deaths,American jazz cornetists,Jazz musicians from New Orleans

paragraph: Johnny Wiggs

paragraph: Johnny Wiggs (born John Wigginton Hyman, July 25, 1899 - October 10, 1977) was a jazz musician and band leader.

paragraph: Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, Wiggs started his music career on the violin. He soon adopted the cornet and moved to New York City before returning to New Orleans. His main stylistic influences were Bix Beiderbecke and King Oliver, who Wiggs insisted did his best work in New Orleans in the years before he moved up North and was recorded.

paragraph: In the late 1920s he took a job as a teacher in Louisiana and at night played in New Orleans jazz clubs. He made his first recordings as "John Hyman's Bayou Stompers" in the late 1920s.

paragraph: In the 1940s he again became a full-time musician, leading several bands and recording many songs. He used the pseudonym "Johnny Wiggs", as jazz was still looked down on in some circles. He became an important figure in the local traditional jazz revival. In the 1960s he performed part-time, though he remained active until the 1970s. He was a mentor to George Finola. Pete Fountain was one of his more famous pupils. He helped found the New Orleans Jazz Club and was a force behind the jazz revival in the 1940s.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photo

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Johnny Wiggs

wikipedia_title: Johnny Wiggs