text:
ring name
Mexican
Luchador
enmascarado
professional wrestler
Lucha Libre AAA World Wide
Mini-Estrella
Spanish
Máscara Divina
dwarfism
Drago
enmascarado
Mini-Estrella
Máscara Divina
rúdo
Mini Charly Manson
Rey de Reyes
Mascarita Sagrada 2000
Octagoncito
Mini Abismo Negro
Mini Chessman
NOAH
TripleSEM
Los Mini Vipers
Mini Histeria
Antonio Peña Memorial show
La Parkita
Antonio Peña Memorial show
técnico
Mascarita de la Muerte
Guerra de Titanes
battle royal
AAA World Mini-Estrella Championship
tibia
fibula
Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match
Triplemanía XVIII
AAA profile

categories: 1983 births,Mexican male professional wrestlers,Living people,Masked wrestlers

paragraph: Mascarita Divina

paragraph: Mascarita Divina (born December 1, 1990) is the ring name of a Mexican "Luchador" "enmascarado", or masked professional wrestler. Divina works for Lucha Libre AAA World Wide in their "Mini-Estrella" division. Mascarita Divina's name is Spanish for "Little Divine Mask", taken after the name of the regular sized Máscara Divina who he's a "mascota" version off. Mascarita Divina's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans. Working in the Mini division does not automatically mean that he has dwarfism as several short wrestlers work in the "Mini" division. In 2014 he was given the name "Mini Drago", based on the AAA wrestler Drago

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.

paragraph: Since Mascarita Divina is an "enmascarado" (masked) it is not known if he has wrestled before he made his debut as Mascarita Divina in 2007. He was brought in as a "Mini-Estrella" version of Máscara Divina. Upon his debut Mascarita Divina began a feud with the "rúdo" (bad guy) Mini Charly Manson, a feud that resulted in Mascarita Divina making his first major show appearance for AAA at the 2007 "Rey de Reyes" where he teamed with Mascarita Sagrada 2000 and Octagoncito to defeat Mini Charly Manson, Mini Abismo Negro and Mini Chessman in the opening match of the show. It was later revealed that Mascarita Divina and Mini Charly Manson were actually cousins, although the relationship has not been acknowledged on television. On September 3, 2007 Mascarita Divina travelled to Japan along with a number of AAA wrestlers to wrestle on a AAA/NOAH co-promoted show called "TripleSEM" where he teamed with Octagoncito to defeat "Los Mini Vipers" (Mini Histeria and Mini Abismo Negro). Divina also wrestled in the opening match of the first Antonio Peña Memorial show, teaming with Octagoncito and La Parkita to defeat "Los Mini Vipers" (Mini Charly Manson, Mini Chessman and Mini Histeria). at the following year's Antonio Peña Memorial show he teamed up with his cousin Mini Charly Manson, (who had turned "técnico" (good guy) over the preceding year, and Octagoncito to defeat Mascarita de la Muerte, Mini Chessman and Mini Histeria.

paragraph: At the 2009 "Guerra de Titanes" show Divina was one of nine "Mini-Estrellas" who competed in a battle royal for the AAA World Mini-Estrella Championship. Divina was the first wrestler eliminated from the match after being accidentally injured by Mini Abismo Negro when a move was not executed properly and had to be removed from the ring on a stretcher. It was later revealed that he had broken his tibia and fibula during the match and unable to wrestle for six months. In May, 2010 AAA announced that they were planning to hold the first ever "Mini-Estrellas" Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match at Triplemanía XVIII where Mini Abismo Negro would defend the title against six challengers, including Mascarita Divina. In the weeks leading up to the event Mini Abismo Negro, Mini Histeria and Mini Psicosis defeated Mascarita Divina, Mini Charly Manson and Octagoncito in a match that featured the use of both tables, ladders and chairs to preview the Triplemanía XVIII match. During the match Mascarita Divina was seemingly injured as he had to be helped from the ring after the match. At Triplemanía XVIII Octagoncito outlasted eight other wrestlers (La Parkita and Mini Chessman were late additions to the match) in the TLC match to become the new AAA Mini-Estrellas Champion.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- AAA profile

description: Mexican professional wrestler

wikidata_label: Mascarita Divina

wikipedia_title: Mascarita Divina


text: Bath, Somerset

text: alpine skier

text: sit-ski

text: Royal Navy

text: Royal Naval Reserve

text: 2010 Winter Paralympics

text: men's slalom

text: giant slalom

text: Super-G

text: Talan Skeels-Piggins' website

text: Profile

text: Talan Skeels-Piggins (talansp)

text: The Bike Experience

categories: British male alpine skiers,Living people,Sportspeople from Bath, Somerset,1970 births,Paralympic alpine skiers of Great Britain

paragraph: Talan Skeels-Piggins

paragraph: Talan Skeels-Piggins (born 10 September 1970 in Bath, Somerset) is a World Champion 600cc (Paralysed category) and British alpine skier. Skeels-Piggins uses a sit-ski in competitions.

paragraph: Skeels-Piggins is a former Royal Navy fighter controller and PE teacher at St Laurence School, Bradford On Avon. He was paralysed from the chest down following a motorcycle accident in March 2003, which shattered his spine and broke his neck. After his injury he was retained in the Armed Forces and serves as a lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserves.

paragraph: He began skiing on a family holiday at the age of nine. Whilst in the navy he was captain of the Scotland, Northern England &

paragraph: Northern Ireland Command Team and was placed fourth overall in the Navy Ski Championships. After his accident he chose to start skiing using a sit-ski with the goal of competing at the Paralympics. He was selected to compete for the Great Britain team 14 months after sustaining his injuries and competes in the LW10/1 classification for athletes with paraplegia with no upper abdominal function and no functional sitting balance.

paragraph: By 2008 he had reached a world ranking of 5th in the downhill event. At the 2009 World Championships in Korea, he finished 31st in the Super-G and improved on that position with a 26th-placed finish at the 2009 World Cup in Whistler.

paragraph: In 2010 he won two bronze medals at the NorAm Cup in Kimberly, Canada to secure his qualification for the 2010 Winter Paralympics. He competed for Great Britain at the 2010 Winter Paralympics in the men's slalom, giant slalom and Super-G. His best finish was 15th in the giant slalom; he also finished 25th in the Super-G and 31st in the slalom.

paragraph: In 2011, together with Russell O'Neill and Halina Tomlinson, Talan founded 'The Bike Experience', a charity established to help motorcycle riders who are now paraplegic to ride again. Based at Castle Combe circuit in Wiltshire this is free experience for disabled bikers who would like to ride on a racing circuit:

paragraph: Level 1 teaches the riders how to use the adapted machine, with slow speed work on a closed-off section of the circuit. This is normally followed by Level 2 after a short break.

paragraph: Level 2 riders take part in track work and the session is spent working on learning the racing line around the circuit, ensuring correct gearing is selected and pressing on to a quick pace.

paragraph: Level 3 is also a track session focusing on one-on-one tuition with the riders, concentrating on any issues they may have and working towards full confidence in taking part in track days.

paragraph: 2011 Talan became the first paraplegic in the history of motor-racing to gain an ACU 'Hill-Climb and Sprint' Race Licence and compete against able bodied racers in solo motorcycles.

paragraph: 2011 Talan was Awarded Honorary Masters (Education) from University of Chichester for Outstanding Sporting Achievement and continued Education Development in Schools, Colleges and Universities.

paragraph: 2012 Talan became the first paraplegic in the history of motor-racing to gain an ACU Road Race licence and compete against able-bodies racers. Race held at Snetterton on 23/24 June 2012 with Club Thundersport, taking part in the Minitwin Class on a modified Suzuki SV650. Came 12th out of 38 in 2012 Minitwin Championship.

paragraph: 2013 Silver Medal in IPC NorAm Adaptive SBX Competition. Becomes first Monoskier to win IPC medals in both Alpine and Adaptive SBX races.

paragraph: 2015 World Champion 600cc (Paralysed category) at Bridgestone World Cup in Vallelunga, Italy. Also took 2nd place 600cc (all disabled categories).

paragraph: Skeels-Piggins is a qualified teacher and formerly taught physical education at St Laurence, Bradford on Avon.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Talan Skeels-Piggins' website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at the British Disabled Ski Team

paragraph: BULLET::::- Talan Skeels-Piggins (talansp) on Twitter

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Piggins Progress" – Talan Skeels-Piggins' blogspot

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Bike Experience

description: Paralympic alpine skier

wikidata_label: Talan Skeels-Piggins

wikipedia_title: Talan Skeels-Piggins


href: Turkish%20people Alaiye Alanya Antalya%20Province Turkey dervish Mecca Hajj Damascus Najaf Karbala Balkans Yambol Plovdiv Bulgaria Bitola Republic%20of%20Macedonia Edirne Egypt

text:
Turkish
Alaiye
Alanya
Antalya Province
Turkey
dervish
Mecca
Hajj
Damascus
Najaf
Karbala
Balkans
Yambol
Plovdiv
Bulgaria
Bitola
Republic of Macedonia
Edirne
Egypt

categories: 1341 births,Antalya Province,Anatolian beyliks,Turkish-language poets,Year of death unknown,Alanya District,Year of death missing

paragraph: Kaygusuz Abdal

paragraph: Kaygusuz Abdal (1341-1444) was a Turkish folk poet of the 14th century.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: In the 14th century Alaiye was the capital of the small Alaiye beylik (principality). Kaygusuz Abdal was born in or near to Alaiye (modern Alanya, Antalya Province of Turkey). His name was "Alaattin Gaybi" and Kaygusuz Abdal was his pseudonym. According to tradition he was bey's son (i.e., prince). But instead of politics he chose to be a dervish. His tutor was "Abdal Musa".

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Details of his life and travels are ambiguous. Most of the stories attributed to him are not reliable. His works however convey that he travelled to many places. He travelled to Mecca for Hajj. He was also visited Damascus, Najaf and Karbala. There are unreliable accounts of his visits to cities in the Balkans like Yambol, Plovdiv (now both in Bulgaria), Bitola (now in the Republic of Macedonia) and Edirne (now in Turkey). In Egypt he gained the title "Abdullah Magaravi" ("God's servant living in a cave") after spending several years in seclusion.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: His poetic works include;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Divan,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gülistan,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mesnevi-i Baba Kaygusuz (3 Vol.),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gevher-nâme,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minber-nâme.

paragraph: His other works are

paragraph: BULLET::::- Budala-nâme,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kitab-ı Mfglate,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vücûd nâme.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saray-nâme

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dilgüşâ.

description: poet

wikidata_label: Kaygusuz Abdal

wikipedia_title: Kaygusuz Abdal


text:
Sasanian
Khorasan
Mihranid
Shahrbaraz
Ctesiphon
Khosrow II

categories: 629 deaths,7th-century Sasanian monarchs,Year of birth unknown,7th-century murdered monarchs,Murdered Persian monarchs

paragraph: Khosrow III

paragraph: Khosrow III (629) was Sasanian rival king who briefly ruled in Khorasan during the reign of the Mihranid general Shahrbaraz who took control of the Sasanian Empire after having besieged Ctesiphon. He was a nephew of Khosrow II. After a short reign, Khosrow, was assassinated by the governor of the province.

description: King of Persia

wikidata_label: Khosrau III

wikipedia_title: Khosrow III


text:
Stralsund
Berlin
dermatologist
Johannes Kromayer
Strasbourg
Würzburg
Bonn
Karl Koester
University of Halle
Berlin
mercury-vapor lamp
ultraviolet irradiation
dermabrasion
rotating burrs
dental drill
Halle an der Saale

categories: People from Stralsund,1862 births,University of Halle faculty,University of Bonn alumni,1923 deaths

paragraph: Ernst Kromayer

paragraph: Ernst Kromayer (26 September 1862 in Stralsund – 6 May 1933 in Berlin) was a German dermatologist. He was the younger brother of historian Johannes Kromayer (1859–1934).

paragraph: He studied medicine at the universities of Strasbourg, Würzburg, and Bonn, receiving his doctorate in 1885. From 1888 he worked as an assistant to Karl Koester at the pathology clinic in Bonn, and in 1890 qualified as a lecturer at the University of Halle. At Halle he established a clinic for skin and venereal diseases that eventually acquired the status of a university clinic. In 1901 he received the title of professor at the university, then in 1904 relocated to Berlin, where he opened a private practice.

paragraph: He is best remembered for inventing a water-cooled mercury-vapor lamp (Kromayer lamp) for ultraviolet irradiation of the skin. On 23 October 1906 he received a patent for the lamp. He also made pioneer contributions in regards to dermabrasion; around 1905 he introduced a device that consisted of rotating burrs attached to a dental drill, being designed for the removal of unwanted skin layers.

paragraph: In 1962 Grünstraße ("Green Street") in Halle an der Saale was renamed Ernst-Kromayer-Straße in his honor.

paragraph: Section::::Published works.

paragraph: His book "Die Behandlung der kosmetischen Hautleiden" (1923), was later translated into English and published as "The cosmetic treatment of skin complaints, with especial reference to physical therapy and scarless methods of operation" (1930). Other works by Kromayer are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Allgemeine Dermatologie; oder, Allgemeine Pathologie, Diagnose und Therapie der Hautkrankheiten, in zweiundzwanzig Vorlesungen", 1896 – General dermatology; or, general pathology, diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases, in twenty-two lectures.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zur Austilgung der Syphilis; abolitionistische Betrachtungen über Prostitution, Geschlechtskrankheiten und Volksgesundheit nebst Vorschlägen zu einem Syphilisgesetz", 1898 – Towards the eradication of syphilis; abolitionist reflections on prostitution, venereal diseases and public health, including proposals for a syphilis law.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Repetitorium der haut- und geschlechtskrankheiten für studierende und aerzte", 1902 – Refresher course on skin and venereal diseases for students and doctors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Röntgen-radium-licht in der dermatologie", 1913 – Röntgen-radium-light in dermatology.

description: German dermatologist

wikidata_label: Ernst Kromayer

wikipedia_title: Ernst Kromayer


text:
Italian
School of Resina
Academy of Fine Arts of Naples
Gonsalvo Carelli
Giacinto Gigante
Battle of Volturnus
Giuseppe De Nittis
Adriano Cecioni
Federigo Rossano
School of Resina
Raffaele Belliazzi
Alceste Campriani
Antonio Leto
Edoardo Dalbono
List of Orientalist artists
Orientalism

categories: Italian male painters,Neapolitan painters,1876 deaths,1829 births,Accademia di Belle Arti di Napoli alumni,19th-century Italian painters

paragraph: Marco de Gregorio

paragraph: Marco De Gregorio (12 March 1829 – 16 February 1876) was an Italian painter, who would form part of the School of Resina, painting works that spanned the spectrum from historical to genre topics.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Resina (present day Ercolano) near Naples. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts of Naples after 1850, where he was influenced by Gonsalvo Carelli and Giacinto Gigante. An ardent patriot, in 1860 he joined Garibaldi and even participated in the Battle of Volturnus.

paragraph: On his returning to Campania in 1860-1861, he moved to Resina, where Giuseppe De Nittis, Adriano Cecioni, and Federigo Rossano were also soon working. These would constitute the nucleus of the School of Resina (or in Italy known as the "Republica di Portici"), an artists' group founded by de Greggorio, Rossano and Nittis. Sometime later, the painters Raffaele Belliazzi, Alceste Campriani, Antonio Leto and Edoardo Dalbono also joined the group. De Greggorio was the most vibrant personality in the group. Working in the Neapolitan countryside, members of this group were isolated from other art groups or movements and tended to focus on Morellism and folklore painting. Although an active member of the group, de Greggorio always imparted an individual finesse to his work, an avant-garde style rich in the synthesis of various styles, yet revealing a profound sense of the artist's individual feelings and poetry.

paragraph: In around 1870, he travelled to Egypt, and some of his subsequent paintings have Orientalist themes. the "Arab Market" and "Egyptian Boys," now in the San Martino Art Museum, are examples of his later work. He died in Naples in 1875.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Critics have praised de Greggorio's painting, "Lo Zappatore" (pictured) as a fine example of portraits of the labouring poor. The digger's emaciated features under a straw hat and the tattered clothes is a tribute to the stoicism with which the subject faces daily hard work. It neither idealises nor protests the nature of the working poor, but simply presents it as an objective reality.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Orientalist artists

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orientalism

alias:
Marco de Gregorio
Marco Di Gregorio
Marco DeGregorio
Marco di Gregorio

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Marco De Gregorio

wikipedia_title: Marco de Gregorio


text:
Reza Shah
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
shah
Iran
Esmat Dowlatshahi
the Qajar dynasty
Abdul Reza Pahlavi
Ahmad Reza Pahlavi
Mahmoud Reza Pahlavi
Fatimeh Pahlavi
Marble palace
Tehran
United States
Tehran
UCLA
United Kingdom
Shah Mohammad Reza
Iranian Revolution
vagrant
Evin prison
drug charges

categories: 1992 deaths,1932 births,People of the Pahlavi dynasty,Prisoners who died in Iranian detention,Iranian royalty

paragraph: Hamid Reza Pahlavi

paragraph: Hamid Reza Pahlavi (; 4 July 1932 – 12 July 1992) was Reza Shah's eleventh and last born child, and a half-brother of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last shah of Iran.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Hamid Reza Pahlavi was born on 4 July 1932. He was the youngest son of Reza Shah and his fourth and favourite wife, Esmat Dowlatshahi. His parents married in 1923. His mother was a member of the Qajar dynasty. Of both his parents he had four siblings: Abdul Reza Pahlavi, Ahmad Reza Pahlavi, Mahmoud Reza Pahlavi and Fatimeh Pahlavi. They lived in the Marble palace in Tehran with their parents.

paragraph: He studied in the United States and in Tehran. While attending high school in Washington, D.C., (the Honeywell Foundation) in September 1947, he skipped school to take a train to Hollywood, California, to visit his brother "Makmud", who was studying at UCLA. He stated that he did so because his high school did not have girl students and he was homesick. He had acted similarly 3 months previously, leaving his high school in Newport, Rhode Island, to travel to Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Hamid Reza married three times and had four children. He first married to Minou Dowlatshahi in Tehran on March 1951. Of this marriage he got a daughter: Niloufar Pahlavi (born 1953). In 1959 he married Homa Khamnei, by whom he had two children: Behzad Pahlavi (1957–1983) and Nazak Pahlavi (12 February 1958 – 27 December 1987). In 1974 Hamid Reza married Houri Khamnei, by whom he had one child: Ja'afar Pahlavi (born 1975).

paragraph: One of his sons, Behzad, lived in the United Kingdom for a while, but he was brought by Shah Mohammad Reza to Iran and attended the military school in Tehran.

paragraph: Due to his scandalous life-style, Hamid Reza's title of prince was removed and the Shah banned him from the court.

paragraph: Section::::Later years and death.

paragraph: After the Iranian Revolution that overthrew Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Hamid Reza stayed in Iran and changed his name to Islami. However, he was arrested as a vagrant in 1986. He received a sentence of ten years in Evin prison on drug charges. In an interview held in prison in 1989, Pahlavi however stated that he was sentenced for his family connections. He also said that he was not treated badly in prison and "things could be worse". Inmates in his prison cell included a former general and senior officials of the shah's regime. On July 1992, while serving his sentence, he died of a heart attack.

wikidata_label: Hamid Reza Pahlavi

wikipedia_title: Hamid Reza Pahlavi


text: mononym

text: indie pop

text: Felt

text: Denim

text: Go-Kart Mozart

text: Train Above The City

text: lyricist

text: Maurice Deebank

text: Denim

text: Princess Diana

text: Shampoo

text: Go-Kart Mozart

text: Cherry Red

text: UNCUT

text: On the Hot Dog Streets

text: Paul Kelly

text: Welshman who led the Arab Revolt

text: district of Central London

text: London Film Festival

text: Barbican Centre

text: Birmingham

text: Water Orton, Warwickshire

text: Tom Verlaine

text: Television

text: Old Street Roundabout

text: Hackney, London

text: Q Awards

text: Crumbling the Antiseptic Beauty

text: The Splendour of Fear

text: Ignite the Seven Cannons

text: Forever Breathes the Lonely Word

text: Poem of the River

text: Gold Mine Trash

text: The Pictorial Jackson Review

text: Train Above the City

text: Me and a Monkey on the Moon

text: Bubblegum Perfume

text: Absolute Classic Masterpieces

text: Absolute Classic Masterpieces Volume II

text: Stains on a Decade

text: Back in Denim

text: Denim on Ice

text: Novelty Rock

text: Instant Wigwam and Igloo Mixture

text: Tearing Up the Album Chart

text: On the Hot Dog Streets

text: Mozart's Mini-Mart

text: Perfect Sound Forever interview

categories: English rock guitarists,Living people,English songwriters,1961 births,Outsider musicians,English male singers,Musicians from Birmingham, West Midlands

paragraph: Lawrence (musician)

paragraph: Lawrence Hayward (born 12 August 1961), known mononymously as Lawrence, is an English singer, songwriter and guitarist. He is known as the frontman in the British indie pop bands Felt, Denim and Go-Kart Mozart. He has never used his surname in credits or press for his work.

paragraph: Section::::Felt.

paragraph: Felt released ten albums in the 1980s, and Lawrence was the only constant member of the band from its inception in 1979 to its dissolution in 1989, though he doesn't appear at all on the band's penultimate album, "Train Above The City", despite being present at the recording sessions. During his time in the band, he served as lyricist and co-songwriter, together with then-lead guitarist Maurice Deebank, who left the band in 1985.

paragraph: Section::::Denim.

paragraph: After the dissolution of Felt, Lawrence formed Denim. Influenced lyrically by Lawrence's upbringing during the 1970s and stylistically by bubblegum and glam rock, Denim released two albums in the 1990s, plus a compilation of B-sides and extra tracks, but mainstream success continued to elude Lawrence. A third album (sometimes referred to as "Denim Take Over") was shelved indefinitely, and a standalone single "Summer Smash" was withdrawn from being released shortly after the death of Princess Diana. Lawrence co-wrote the first single by Shampoo, "Blisters and Bruises", released in 1993.

paragraph: Section::::Go-Kart Mozart.

paragraph: 1999 saw the full-length debut of Lawrence's current project, Go-Kart Mozart, released through his personal imprint, West Midlands Records and distributed by Cherry Red. The 2005 follow-up was titled "Tearing Up The Album Chart" – a wry comment on his failure to achieve commercial success, a habit the album itself did nothing to break. "UNCUT" awarded Lawrence the dubious honour of being "one of the stars fame forgot."

paragraph: In 2006, Lawrence began working on a new Go-Kart Mozart album entitled "On the Hot Dog Streets" that was eventually released in June 2012 to coincide with the nationwide premiere of "Lawrence of Belgravia", which documented the making of the record. Though once again a commercial failure, the album has received the most acclaim and attention of any Lawrence related project since "Back in Denim".

paragraph: Section::::Documentary.

paragraph: Filmmaker Paul Kelly directed a documentary about Lawrence, titled "Lawrence of Belgravia" (a reference both to the Welshman who led the Arab Revolt and the district of Central London in which Lawrence resided), which was set to premiere at the London Film Festival in 2006, but wasn't ready at the time. A 20-minute work-in-progress version of the documentary was screened at the Barbican Centre in London in November 2008. A final finished cut of the film had its debut screening at the 2011 London Film festival, followed by screenings in several film and music festivals. A DVD release of the film with a limited run of 2,000 copies surfaced in June 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Due to his reclusive public persona, Lawrence has given very little information away about his personal life, aside from the fact that he was born in Birmingham, though moved as a child to the nearby village of Water Orton, Warwickshire, where he met founding Felt members Maurice Deebank and Nick Gilbert. Early on he was heavily influenced by Tom Verlaine of Television in both his guitar-playing and his idiosyncratic vocals.

paragraph: He now lives in a tower block close to the Old Street Roundabout in Hackney, London.

paragraph: In 2018, Lawrence was awarded Maverick of the Year at the Q Awards.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:with Felt.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Crumbling the Antiseptic Beauty" (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Splendour of Fear" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Strange Idols Pattern and Other Short Stories" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ignite the Seven Cannons" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Let the Snakes Crinkle Their Heads to Death" (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Forever Breathes the Lonely Word" (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poem of the River" (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gold Mine Trash" (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Pictorial Jackson Review" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Train Above the City" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Me and a Monkey on the Moon" (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bubblegum Perfume" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Absolute Classic Masterpieces" (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Absolute Classic Masterpieces Volume II" (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stains on a Decade" (2003)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:with Denim.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Back in Denim" (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Denim on Ice" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Novelty Rock" (1997)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:with Go Kart Mozart.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Instant Wigwam and Igloo Mixture" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tearing Up the Album Chart" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On the Hot Dog Streets" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mozart's Mini-Mart" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Perfect Sound Forever interview (2003)

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Lawrence Hayward

wikipedia_title: Lawrence (musician)


text:
basketball
American Basketball Association
1968 NBA draft
Los Angeles Lakers
Marshall University
Los Angeles Stars
Utah Stars
Carolina Cougars
three point
field goal percentage

categories: American men's basketball players,Los Angeles Lakers draft picks,Los Angeles Stars draft picks,Basketball players from Kentucky,1993 deaths,1946 births,Carolina Cougars players,Marshall Thundering Herd men's basketball players,People from Murray, Kentucky,Los Angeles Stars players

paragraph: George Stone (basketball)

paragraph: George E. Stone (February 9, 1946 – December 30, 1993) was an American professional basketball player who spent several seasons in the American Basketball Association (ABA). He was drafted in the ninth round of the 1968 NBA draft (115th pick overall) by the Los Angeles Lakers, but never played for them or any other NBA team.

paragraph: A 6'7" forward from Marshall University, Stone played four seasons (1968–1972) in the ABA as a member of the Los Angeles Stars, Utah Stars, and Carolina Cougars. He averaged 13.6 points per game over the course of his career and ranked tenth in ABA history in three point field goal percentage (.323). He also won a league championship with the Utah Stars in 1971.

paragraph: Stone died of a heart attack on December 30, 1993.

description: American basketball player

wikidata_label: George Stone

wikipedia_title: George Stone (basketball)


text: Jerusalem

text: pianist

text: Jerusalem

text: Israel

text: George, Western Cape

text: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst

text: European Commission

text: British Library

text: Hänssler Classic

text: Jerusalem Music Centre

text: BIS Records

text: Vienna

text: Austria

text: Gramola

text: Mürzzuschlag

text: Austria

text: Solfa Records

text: Solfa Records

text: IAWS

text: Discogs Discography

text: Official Website

text: IMDb Profile

text: Website of Management Agency

text: Ammiel Bushakevitz on Spotify

text: List of classical pianists

text: List of classical pianists (recorded)

categories: University of Pretoria alumni,1986 births,Conservatoire de Paris alumni,People from Jerusalem,South African classical pianists,Israeli classical pianists,Israeli emigrants to South Africa,Living people

paragraph: Ammiel Bushakevitz

paragraph: Ammiel Issaschar Bushakevitz (*April 9, 1986 in Jerusalem) is an Israeli-South African pianist.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ammiel Bushakevitz moved at a young age with his family from Jerusalem, Israel to George, Western Cape.

paragraph: Bushakevitz studied at the Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Paris in Paris, France and the Hochschule für Musik und Theater "Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy" in Leipzig, Germany.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and fellowships.

paragraph: He has been awarded the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst's "International Scholarship for Artists", European Commission Award, French-German Forum for Young Artists Award, HMT Freundeskreis Scholarship, Ad-Infinitum-Stiftung Award, Oppenheimer Memorial Trust Scholarship, Bill Venter/FAK Bursary, Pretorium Trust Postgraduate Bursary, FAK Senior Music Award, PJ Lemmer Scholarship, Southern African Music Rights Organisation SAMRO Undergraduate Bursary, Isaac Greenberg Scholarship for Jewish Students, Du Toit/Van Tonder Award, Gladwell Scholarship, Gideon Roos/Esther Mentz Award, UP General Study Scholarship, Stellenbosch Vrouevereniging Award and Brenda Rein Scholarship. In 2014 Ammiel Bushakevitz was named Edison Fellow of the British Library, London.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 - "Franz Schubert: Impromptus & Klavierstücke" Solo Piano album (Hänssler Classic)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 - "Liszt: 15 Songs" Liszt: 15 Songs, Timothy Fallon, tenor, Ammiel Bushakevitz, piano. Recorded at the (Jerusalem Music Centre), Israel. (BIS Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 - "Fries: Sisi Poems - Lieder der Kaiserin Elisabeth" Nina Bernsteiner, mezzo-soprano, Ammiel Bushakevitz. Vienna, Austria. (Gramola)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 - "Lieder aus der Jugendstil. Thuille, Wolf, Pfitzner, Mahler, Marx, Zemlinsky" Hagar Sharvit, mezzo-soprano; Ammiel Bushakevitz, piano. Recorded in Mürzzuschlag, Austria.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 - "Mozart - Sonatas for piano and violin" Avigail Bushakevitz, piano; Ammiel Bushakevitz, violin. Recorded in Capellades, Spain (Solfa Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 - "Duo Aurelius live in Catalonia. Mozart, Szymanowski, Beethoven, Tahberer" Deniz Tahberer, violin; Ammiel Bushakevitz, piano. (Solfa Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 - "Ammiel Bushakevitz plays Schubert" Ammiel Bushakevitz, piano. Recorded in Paris, France. (IAWS)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Discogs Discography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- IMDb Profile

paragraph: BULLET::::-

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website of Management Agency

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ammiel Bushakevitz on Spotify

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ammiel Bushakevitz on Apple Music - iTunes

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of classical pianists

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of classical pianists (recorded)

description: Israeli-South African musician

wikidata_label: Ammiel Bushakevitz

wikipedia_title: Ammiel Bushakevitz


text: alderman

text: Lord Mayor of London

text: Bridewell Hospital

text: a school

text: William Wilberforce

text: William Huntington S.S.

text: York

text: hops

text: Southwark

text: alderman

text: Sheriff of London

text: Lord Mayor of the City of London

text: Members of Parliament

text: Bridewell Hospital

text: King Edward's School, Witley

text: William Wilberforce

text: Philanthropic Society

text: Magdelen Hospital

text: Hastings

text: Nicholas Vansittart

text: Chancellors of the Exchequer

text: William Pitt the Younger

text: Chelmsford

text: Sir John Burdon-Sanderson

text: arms

text: Bridewell Royal Hospital

text: King Edward's School, Witley

text: St Magnus-the-Martyr church

text: Nikolaus Pevsner

text: William Huntington S.S.

text: Thomas Skinner

categories: Baronets in the Baronetage of Great Britain,Sheriffs of the City of London,British MPs 1790–1796,1798 deaths,1741 births,British MPs 1796–1800,18th-century Lord Mayors of London,People from York

paragraph: Sir James Sanderson, 1st Baronet

paragraph: Sir James Sanderson, 1st Baronet (30 December 1741 – 21 June 1798) was a banker, a member of parliament, an alderman and Lord Mayor of London. He also served as president of Bridewell Hospital (now a school), and was a member of William Wilberforce's Proclamation Society for the "Discouragement of Vice".

paragraph: After he died his widow married William Huntington S.S., an eccentric and polemical preacher who regarded himself as a prophet. Huntington used his new riches to build a £10,000 chapel.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: James Sanderson was born in 1741. He was the only surviving son of James Sanderson of York. He started business buying and selling hops before becoming a banker at Mansion House Street in Southwark.

paragraph: In 1785, by which time he was an alderman, he was elected Sheriff of London and knighted whilst in office. In 1792 he was elected Lord Mayor of the City of London. It was reported that this was a time:

paragraph: In the same year he was one of the three men returned as Members of Parliament for the Parliamentary constituency of Malmesbury.

paragraph: In 1793, Sanderson became president of Bridewell Hospital where he is acknowledged to have transformed the way it was managed. The hospital took in poor people and was a cross between a prison and a school. Later the institution's two roles were split, and in time the school became King Edward's School, Witley. Sanderson was a member of William Wilberforce's Proclamation Society, which had been founded following a 1787 royal proclamation instituted by Wilberforce via the Archbishop of Canterbury. The "Proclamation for the Discouragement of Vice" was intended to be a remedy for a perceived rise in immorality. Sanderson was also a member of the Philanthropic Society and the vice-president of Magdelen Hospital.

paragraph: On 6 December 1794, Sanderson became Sir James Sanderson, Baronet of London.

paragraph: In the following parliamentary election he was returned as the member for Hastings together with Nicholas Vansittart. Vansittart went on to be one of the most successful Chancellors of the Exchequer, whilst Sanderson became a friend and admirer of William Pitt the Younger and was "a favourite" of him and the king.

paragraph: Sanderson was married twice, first to Elizabeth Judd of Chelmsford. By his second wife, Elizabeth (née Skinner), Sanderson gave his name via his daughter, Elizabeth Skinner Sanderson, to his grandson, the physician Sir John Burdon-Sanderson. (Sanderson had made it a condition of his will that his heirs should take his surname; and in 1815 his new family took his arms, from 1794, as well.) A painting of him, from which he was described as handsome, was placed in the court room of Bridewell Royal Hospital. (The painting was at King Edward's School, Witley in 2004.) Sanderson's memorial at St Magnus-the-Martyr church in the City of London was thought notable by the architectural historian, Nikolaus Pevsner.

paragraph: After he died in 1799, his widow married William Huntington S.S. Huntington preached at several chapels to rich and loyal congregations. His stepdaughter's father, Thomas Skinner was Lord Mayor from 1794 to 1795.

paragraph: Huntington had become involved with Lady Sanderson in about 1802, but his first wife did not die until 1806. After their marriage in 1808, Lady Sanderson continued to use Sanderson's surname whilst Huntington built a new chapel costing £10,000 (£ as of ).

paragraph: Lady Sanderson did not die until 1817, so she would have seen her husband's tombstone—on which his self-written epitaph identified him as a prophet.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Observations and examples to assist magistrates in setting the assize of bread made of wheat ... 1759

description: Lord Mayor of London

wikidata_label: Sir James Sanderson, 1st Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir James Sanderson, 1st Baronet


text:
track
road cyclist
Colombia
2007 Pan American Games
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
team pursuit
Carlos Alzate
Arles Castro
Jairo Pérez
2008 Summer Olympics
Beijing
PR China
Cota
Cundinamarca

categories: Colombian track cyclists,Pan American Games bronze medalists for Colombia,Pan American Games competitors for Colombia,People from Cundinamarca Department,Cyclists at the 2007 Pan American Games,Colombian male cyclists,Pan American Games silver medalists for Colombia,Pan American Games medalists in cycling,1983 births,Cyclists at the 2003 Pan American Games,Vuelta a Colombia stage winners,Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Olympics,Living people,Olympic cyclists of Colombia

paragraph: Juan Pablo Forero

paragraph: Juan Pablo Forero Carreño (born August 3, 1983) is a professional track and road cyclist from Colombia. He has represented Colombia at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil where he won a silver medal in team pursuit with team mates Carlos Alzate, Arles Castro and Jairo Pérez. He also competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, PR China. He was born in Cota, Cundinamarca.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012

description: Colombian racing cyclist

wikidata_label: Juan Pablo Forero

wikipedia_title: Juan Pablo Forero


text:
San Pedro de Macorís
Dominican Republic
Dominican
baseball
pitcher
Arizona Diamondbacks
shortstop
utility player
outfield
batting
Mendoza Line
fastball
International League

categories: Chattanooga Lookouts players,Missoula Osprey players,Sarasota Reds players,Carolina Mudcats players,Cincinnati Reds players,1982 births,Major League Baseball shortstops,Azucareros del Este players,People from San Pedro de Macorís,Louisville Bats players,Columbus Clippers players,Trois-Rivières Aigles players,Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic,Tennessee Smokies players,Gulf Coast Reds players,Leones del Escogido players,Estrellas Orientales players,Lancaster JetHawks players,Dominican Republic people of African descent,Caribbean Series players,Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Canada,Living people,Rojos del Águila de Veracruz players,Las Vegas 51s players,Leones del Caracas players,Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States,Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Mexico,Arizona Diamondbacks players,Yakima Bears players,South Bend Silver Hawks players,Mexican League baseball pitchers,Tucson Sidewinders players

paragraph: Jerry Gil

paragraph: Jerry Bienvenido Gil Manzanillo (born October 14, 1982 in San Pedro de Macorís, Dominican Republic) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher. Gil made his MLB debut in with the Arizona Diamondbacks.

paragraph: Gil played almost exclusively shortstop in the minor leagues until when he became a utility player mostly playing in the outfield. On October 13, 2006, Gil was traded from the Diamondbacks to the Cincinnati Reds for Abe Woody. He missed all of after having elbow ligament replacement surgery. In after batting below the Mendoza Line in both Triple-A and Double-A, Gil was converted to a pitcher. He has a strong throwing arm and can throw his fastball up to 95 MPH. .

paragraph: In November 2011, Gil signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays. According to the International League transactions page, Gil declared free agency on November 2, 2012.

paragraph: On January 13, 2013 Gil signed a Minor League contract with the Cleveland Indians.

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Jerry Gil

wikipedia_title: Jerry Gil


text: Peter Kerr, 12th Marquess of Lothian

text: Antonella Reuss Newland

text: heir apparent

text: Duke of Buccleuch

text: courtesy title

text: John Scott, 9th Duke of Buccleuch

text: page of honour

text: Queen Elizabeth II

text: Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester

text: East Woodhay

text: Buccleuch and Queensbury

paragraph: Walter Scott, Earl of Dalkeith

paragraph: Walter John Francis Montagu Douglas Scott, Earl of Dalkeith (born 2 August 1984) is a Scottish nobleman. He is the second child and elder son of Richard Montagu Douglas Scott, 10th Duke of Buccleuch & 12th Duke of Queensberry, and the former Lady Elizabeth Kerr, a daughter of Peter Kerr, 12th Marquess of Lothian, and Antonella Reuss Newland. He is heir apparent to the Dukedoms of Buccleuch and Queensberry.

paragraph: As the eldest son of the Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry, he uses the courtesy title Earl of Dalkeith, a title which he has used since the death of grandfather, John Scott, 9th Duke of Buccleuch, on 4 September 2007. Until his grandfather's death, he had used the courtesy title Lord Eskdaill.

paragraph: Lord Dalkeith served as a page of honour to Queen Elizabeth II from 1996 to 1999.

paragraph: His paternal great-grandaunt was Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester.

paragraph: On 12 December 2013, the engagement was announced of the Earl of Dalkeith to Elizabeth Cobbe of East Woodhay, Hampshire. They married on 22 November 2014.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buccleuch and Queensbury

description: Heir apparent to the dukedoms of Buccleuch and Queensberry

wikidata_label: Walter Scott, Earl of Dalkeith

wikipedia_title: Walter Scott, Earl of Dalkeith


text:
singer
Scissor Sisters
Jake Shears
Babydaddy
gig
Lower East Side
Manhattan
New Order
single
Jetstream
band
album
Waiting for the Sirens' Call
glass harmonica
New Museum
experimental community
Sri Aurobindo
Mark Ronson
All You Need Is Now
Duran Duran
The Voice UK
Jessie J
BBC Three
Eurovision Song Contest 2013
Malmö
United Kingdom
Sara Cox
Eurovision Song Contest 2014
Copenhagen
Jason Donovan
Jodie Prenger
BBC Radio 2
Jo Whiley
Scott Mills
Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park
Sara Cox
Chris Evans
BBC Radio 2
tattoo
bionic
circuitry
Celtic knot
New York City Hall
Mastermind
"Ana Matronic's Dance Devotion"

categories: American female rock singers,American people of Irish descent,Musicians from Portland, Oregon,Scissor Sisters members,BBC Radio 2 presenters,21st-century American singers,21st-century American women singers,American female pop singers,American expatriates in the United Kingdom,Living people,1974 births

paragraph: Ana Matronic

paragraph: Ana Lynch (born August 14, 1974), known by her stage name Ana Matronic, is an American singer, best known as the female co-lead vocalist for Scissor Sisters.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: She joined Scissor Sisters, founded by Jake Shears and Babydaddy, after they played their first live gig at club Knockoff on the Lower East Side of Manhattan.

paragraph: She has stated that, in her eyes, the objective of the band is "about people displaying their fantasies on the outside, trying to break out of the everyday, and look like their dreams." In The Scissorhood, the fan community for Scissor Sisters, those fans who hold a special affinity for Ana are known as "nuns". Fans who are attracted to Ana, even if they might not usually be attracted to women, term themselves "Anasexual".

paragraph: In 2005, she was featured on the New Order single "Jetstream", taken from the band's album "Waiting for the Sirens' Call". In 2009, Matronic performed on the glass harmonica at the New Museum in NYC in "Auroville", a multimedia ritual tribute to an experimental community dedicated to the guru Sri Aurobindo. Ana appears as a guest vocalist on the Mark Ronson-produced track 'Safe (In the Heat of the Moment)' from the December 21, 2010, release "All You Need Is Now" from the band Duran Duran.

paragraph: In 2012, Matronic appeared as an advisor on "The Voice UK", pairing up to assist Jessie J. The following year, she served as commentator of the BBC Three broadcast of the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 semi-finals in Malmö, Sweden for the United Kingdom, replacing Sara Cox. Matronic returned in 2014 as radio commentator on Radio 2 Eurovision, a pop-up DAB station, for the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 in Copenhagen, Denmark.

paragraph: Matronic appeared on "" on November 15, 2013, alongside Jason Donovan and Jodie Prenger.

paragraph: She currently presents a weekly show on BBC Radio 2 from 00:00 to 02:00 on Sunday mornings. The show was titled "Disco Devotion" from April 2017. The final edition thus titled was broadcast on June 10, 2018, before the show changed its name to "Dance Devotion".

paragraph: From July 24–27, 2017, she covered for Jo Whiley and presented a special programme alongside Scott Mills on July 29 celebrating the 50th anniversary of the decriminalisation of male homosexual activity in the UK.

paragraph: She performed a live DJ set at Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park on September 10, 2018 and will host a New Year's Eve 2018 show for the channel.

paragraph: As of May 2018 Matronic also frequently sits in for Sara Cox when Cox is unavailable or covering Chris Evans Monday-Thursday between 22:00 and 00:00 on BBC Radio 2.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Her stage name is said to be due to "a deep and abiding love of robots". She has a large tattoo on her right shoulder of bionic circuitry. She has a second tattoo on her ankle of a Celtic knot to signify her Irish roots.

paragraph: Ana married her long-time boyfriend Seth Kirby in April 2010, at New York City Hall after having been together for seven years.

paragraph: Ana is patron of UK charity Chrysalis which supports transgender people. In January 2019 she appeared on the BBC TV show "Mastermind" with Chrysalis as her chosen charity.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ana Matronic's Dance Devotion" (BBC Radio 2)

description: American singer

wikidata_label: Ana Matronic

wikipedia_title: Ana Matronic


text:
Swedish
king of Sweden
Magnus IV
Beatrix of Bavaria
Emperor Louis IV
Haakon
Sweden
Norway
union between Norway and Sweden
Finland
Blanche of Namur
Black Death

categories: 1339 births,14th-century monarchs in Europe,Rulers of Finland,1359 deaths,14th-century Swedish people,Swedish monarchs,14th-century Swedish monarchs

paragraph: Eric XII of Sweden

paragraph: Eric "XII" (Swedish: Erik Magnusson; 1339 – 21 June 1359) was a rival king of Sweden, competing against his father, Magnus IV, from 1356 to his death in 1359. He was married to Beatrix of Bavaria, daughter of Emperor Louis IV.

paragraph: In 1343 Eric and his brother, Haakon, were elected heirs of Sweden and Norway, respectively. That Haakon got the Norwegian throne in 1355 (causing the union between Norway and Sweden to split) while Eric didn't get any position in the Swedish council might have affected his choice to lead a rebellion against his father in 1355. In 1357 the rebellion had forced Magnus to share Sweden with his son Eric who got to rule most of Southern Sweden and Finland. Sweden was reunited again in 1359 when father and son became reconciled, and co-ruled Sweden until Eric's death a few months later. While dying Eric accused his mother, Blanche of Namur, of poisoning him. Quite soon after his death his wife, Beatrix, died too. It is generally believed that they died of the Black Death.

wikidata_label: Eric XII of Sweden

wikipedia_title: Eric XII of Sweden


text:
American
cartoonist
comic strip
underground comics
Air Pirates
University of San Francisco
San Francisco Foghorn
San Francisco Chronicle
counterculture
copyright
copyright infringement
Walt Disney
Mickey Mouse
Pluto
Original Sixteen to One Mine, Inc.
RiP! A Remix Manifesto (Chapter 8)

categories: American satirists,American comic strip cartoonists,People from San Francisco,1942 births,American people of Irish descent,Underground cartoonists,Living people

paragraph: Dan O'Neill

paragraph: Dan O'Neill (born April 21, 1942) is an American underground cartoonist, creator of the syndicated comic strip "Odd Bodkins" and founder of the underground comics collective the Air Pirates.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: O'Neill attended the University of San Francisco, making contributions to the "San Francisco Foghorn", the school newspaper.

paragraph: Section::::"Odd Bodkins".

paragraph: "Odd Bodkins" began its run in 1964 in the "San Francisco Chronicle" when O'Neill was 21 years old. The strip consisted of the adventures of Hugh and Fred Bird. During the course of the strip's run, it increasingly reflected O'Neill's life in and his critique of 1960s counterculture. Though he considered himself a strong writer, O'Neill said of his artwork, "I had a very weak line. Either that or palsy."

paragraph: As "Odd Bodkins" became increasingly political, O'Neill feared that the "Chronicle", which held the strip's copyright, would fire him and hire another artist. The "Chronicle" had axed "Odd Bodkins" a few times already, but it had been reinstated following reader protests. O'Neill decided on an odd tactic to regain control of his strip: he would engage in copyright infringement, which he reasoned would force the paper to surrender the strip's copyright back to him for fear of being sued. O'Neill worked 28 Walt Disney characters, including Mickey Mouse and Pluto, into the strip. In late November 1970, the "Chronicle" fired O'Neill for the final time but did not continue to run the strip.

paragraph: In 1972, during O'Neill's legal battles with Disney over "Air Pirates Funnies", the "Chronicle" finally transferred the copyright of "Odd Bodkins" back to O'Neill.

paragraph: Section::::"Odd Bodkins".:Air Pirates and Disney lawsuit.

paragraph: O'Neill decided to become an underground comic book mogul and gathered other young artists into a collective called the Air Pirates, whose members included [[Bobby London]], [[Gary Hallgren]], [[Shary Flenniken]] and [[Ted Richards (artist)|Ted Richards]]. Their two-issue series "Air Pirates Funnies" included parodies of Mickey Mouse and other copyrighted characters, which led to a famous lawsuit by [[The Walt Disney Company]]. O'Neill took the lead in fighting the suit, promoting it as a free-speech case in his "Mouse Liberation Front" campaign. He and Richards were the last Air Pirates to settle with Disney after a long, highly publicized and expensive legal battle.

paragraph: O'Neill sued Disney years later when it released their motion picture "[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]", claiming that Disney had stolen his character, a drug-dealing rabbit named Roger, who appeared in a few pages in the underground magazine "[[The Realist]]" and was reprinted in "The Tortoise and the Hare" (published by Last Gasp in 1971). The suit was eventually dropped.

paragraph: Section::::Other work.

paragraph: In the midst of the Disney lawsuit, O'Neill traveled to [[Ireland]] and later to [[Wounded Knee, South Dakota]], where he pioneered the genre of [[Comics journalism|comic strip journalism]] with "The Penny-Ante Republican", a four-page, single-sheet comic which sold for one cent, and which told stories of O'Neill's experiences with the [[Irish Republican Army]] and the [[American Indian Movement]]. For this work, the 11th [[Lucca Comics & Games|international Congress of Cartoonists and Animators]] would present him with the in 1975.

paragraph: O'Neill later drew a short-lived, full color strip for the "[[National Lampoon (magazine)|National Lampoon]]" about the adventures of the Bat-winged Hamburger Snatcher, and returned to the "Chronicle" with a weekly strip, titled simply "O'Neill", which ran from 1980 to 1985. The final year of "O'Neill" was reprinted in "[[Comics Revue]]".

paragraph: Dan O'Neill was one of twenty-two artists and writers featured in the documentary "Comic Book Confidential". He was interviewed while playing pool next to two scantily clad women. He describes his career as "if you're going down in flames you might as well hit something big."

paragraph: In 2008, he appeared in the documentary film "[[RiP!: A Remix Manifesto]]", which discussed the negative effects of [[copyright law]]s. O'Neill stated that he made fun of Disney in large part because they were the worst at using lawsuits to stifle parodies, spoofs, and other [[fair use]] commentaries.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975 Yellow Kid Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975 Grand Guinigi: Best Foreign Artist

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: O'Neill currently lives in [[Nevada City, California]], where he continues to draw "Odd Bodkins" and is a director in the Original Sixteen to One gold mine.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Comic books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dan O'Neill's Comics and Stories" Vol. 1, #1–3 ([[Company & Sons]], 1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dan O'Neill's Comics and Stories" Vol. 2, #1–2 ([[Comics and Comix]], 1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Air Pirates Funnies" Vol. 1, #1–2 (Last Gasp, July–August 1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tortoise and the Hare" #1 (Last Gasp, October 1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Three Little Pigs" (1971) — one-shot, part of the Air Pirates campaign

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Air Pirates Funnies" tabloid (Air Pirates Collective, July 1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Penny-Ante Republican" (self-published, 1972–1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hoksila and his Friends" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "COG" (1998) — smaller than "[[digest size]]" comic with single story

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Buy This Odd Bodkins Book" (Decorative Design Pub., 1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hear the Sound of My Feet Walking... Drown the Sound of My Voice Talking: An Odd Bodkins Book" (Glide Urban Center Publications, 1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "[[The Collective Unconscience of Odd Bodkins]]" (Glide, 1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Log of the Irish Navy" (Hugh O'Neill and Associates, 1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Farewell to the Gipper" ([[Eclipse Books]], 1988)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Original Sixteen to One Mine, Inc.

paragraph: BULLET::::- RiP! A Remix Manifesto (Chapter 8) O'Neill talks about Air Pirates in the Brett Gaylor's documentary

paragraph: [[Category:American comic strip cartoonists]]

paragraph: [[Category:Underground cartoonists]]

paragraph: [[Category:American people of Irish descent]]

paragraph: [[Category:American satirists]]

paragraph: [[Category:Living people]]

paragraph: [[Category:1942 births]]

paragraph: [[Category:People from San Francisco]]

paragraph: [[Category:Comedians from California]]

description: cartoonist

wikidata_label: Dan O'Neill

wikipedia_title: Dan O'Neill


text:
composer
Tulle
Ecole Normale de Musique de Paris
Gérard Condé
Max Deutsch
Conservatoire de Paris
Michel Philippot
Claude Ballif
computer assisted composition
IRCAM
University of California, San Diego
Strasbourg, France
Pierre Boulez
Karlheinz Stockhausen
Iannis Xenakis
punctualism
Jackson Pollock
Miller Puckette
IRCAM
UCSD
Max
commissioned
Danielle Cohen-Levinas
sixxen
Emmanuel Hocquart
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Ensemble Intercontemporain
Quatuor Arditti
Profile at UCSD

categories: 20th-century classical composers,20th-century French composers,French male classical composers,École Normale de Musique de Paris alumni,Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres,University of California, San Diego faculty,People from Tulle,1952 births,Conservatoire de Paris alumni,French classical composers,French opera composers,Male opera composers,Living people

paragraph: Philippe Manoury

paragraph: Philippe Manoury (born 19 June 1952) is a French composer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Manoury was born in Tulle and began composition studies at the Ecole Normale de Musique de Paris with Gérard Condé and Max Deutsch. He continued his studies from 1974 to 1978 at the Conservatoire de Paris with Michel Philippot, Ivo Malec, and Claude Ballif. In 1975, he undertook studies in computer assisted composition with , and joined IRCAM as a composer and electronic music researcher in 1980. From 2004 until 2012, Manoury served on the composition faculty at the University of California, San Diego, where he taught composition, electronic music, and analysis in the graduate program. After retiring from teaching at UCSD, he currently lives in Strasbourg, France.

paragraph: Section::::Music.

paragraph: Manoury's work is strongly influenced by Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Iannis Xenakis, and his early work from 1972–76 combines serial punctualism with the densely massed elements characteristic of the music of Stockhausen and Xenakis, and the paintings of Jackson Pollock. Works such as "Sound and Fury" are of interest because of the use of computer-assisted composition. "Sound and Fury" also uses a very large orchestra, which is symmetrically disposed, and makes quite extensive use of left-right spatial effects.

paragraph: Since the 1980s, Manoury has been closely associated with the American computer researcher Miller Puckette, first at IRCAM and subsequently at UCSD. The "Sonus ex machina" series of works, which were developed in collaboration with Puckette, are among the first pieces to utilize real-time audio signal processing, and his 1988 piece "Pluton" was the first ever composition using Puckette's groundbreaking software Max.

paragraph: His "Abgrund—pour grand orchestre" was commissioned by the Bavarian State Opera together with the Orchestre symphonique de Montréal and premiered by the Bavarian State Orchestra on November 26, 2007. It has been described as "a work that will neither disturb nor annoy [...] a pleasant and perhaps harmless string of dissonant semi-climaxes, little jolts, and resting phases. It has an invigorating effect, is easy to concentrate on . . .". In it "Manoury [...] mercifully knows how to use [the abundance of percussion instruments] in ways far more discriminately than his contemporaries beholden to one bongo-frenzy after another". "Philippe Manoury hit[s] the right mix between shallow and deep, melodic and dissonant, placating and strident, stasis and progress, simplicity and complexity. The steady run-up—stop—tighten—burst—relax scheme may not be novel at all, but it paid dividends [in 'Abgrund']".

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manoury, Philippe. 1998. "La note et le son: Écrits et entretiens, 1981-1998", with a foreword by Danielle Cohen-Levinas. Musique et musicologie: Les dialogues. Paris: L'Harmattan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manoury, Philippe. 2001. "Entretiens avec Daniela Langer". Paris : Musica falsa.

paragraph: Section::::Selected compositions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Operas

paragraph: BULLET::::- "60e parallèle" for 9 singers, large orchestra and electronics (1995–96)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "K…" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La frontière", chamber opera for 6 singers, 9 instruments and electronics (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La nuit de Gutenberg", opera in a prologue and 12 scenes. Premiered at the Opéra national du Rhin, Strasbourg, 24 September 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orchestral works

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Numéro huit", op. 8 (1980, revised 1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pentaphone", 5 Pieces for large orchestra, op. 24 (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prelude and Wait" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sound and Fury" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concertos

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Echo-Daimónon", for piano, electronics and large orchestra (2011–12)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bref Aperçu sur l'Infini" for cello and orchestra (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chamber music

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Numéro cinq" for piano and 13 instruments, op. 5 (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Instantanés" (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Version La Rochelle", op. 10a (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Version étude", op. 10b (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Version Baden-Baden", op. 10c (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Partition du ciel and de l’enfer", op. 19 (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Passacaille pour Tokyo" for piano and 17 instruments (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fragments pour un portrait", 7 Pieces for ensemble of 30 instruments (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Épitaphe" for 7 instruments, op. 29 (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" for 10 instruments (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Identités remarquables" for 23 instruments (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Strange Ritual" for 21 instruments (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Focus" (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le tempérament variable" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- String Quartet, op. 6 (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Musique I" for 2 harps, guitar, mandolin and 2 percussionists (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Musique II" for 7 brass (2.2.2.1) and 2 marimbas, op. 14 (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Petit aleph" (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Solo de vibraphone" (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le livre des claviers", Six pieces for 6 percussionists (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deux mélodies" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Michigan Trio" for clarinet, violin and piano (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gestes" for string trio (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Métal" for sixxens sextett (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ultima" for clarinet, cello and piano (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Last" for bass-clarinet and bass-marimba (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stringendo" for string quartet (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tensio" for string quartet (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chaconne for solo cello and 6 cellos (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Live electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zeitlauf" for choir, 14 instruments and electronics, op. 9 (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jupiter" for flute and live electronics, op. 15a (1987, revised 1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pluton" for piano and live electronics (1988, revised 1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Neptune" for 3 percussionists and live electronics, op. 21 (1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "En écho" for soprano and live electronics (1993–1994); words by Emmanuel Hocquart

paragraph: BULLET::::- Partita I for viola and live electronics (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonata for 2 pianos (1972, revised 1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cryptophonos" (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Puzzle" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Toccata (1998) from de « Passacaille pour Tokyo »

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La ville" (…Première sonate) (2001–2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Veränderungen" (…Deuxième sonate…) (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vocal

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aleph" for 4 singers and orchestra (1985–87)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Xanadu" for soprano and clarinet (1989); words by Samuel Taylor Coleridge

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chronophonies I and II" for mezzo-soprano, baritone-bass and large orchestra (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Douze moments" for mezzo-soprano and large orchestra (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Slova" for choir (2001–2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fragments d'Héraclite" for choir (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Noon" for soprano, choir, large orchestra, and electronics (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blackout", Melodrama for alto and 13 instruments (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On-iron" for choir, electronics and video (2005)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fragments pour un portrait" – Ensemble Intercontemporain, Kairos, 0012922KAI, 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quatuor à cordes" – Quatuor Arditti MFA, Harmonia Mundi, C 5139, 1984

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cryptophonos" – Claude Helffer (pno) MFA Harmonia Mundi, C 5172, 1986

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Petit Aleph" – Pierre-André Valade (Flute), ADDA, 581 075, 1988

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zeitlauf" – Groupe Vocal de France, Ensemble Intercontemporain, conducted by Peter Eotvös, Erato, ECD, 75552, 1990

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le livre des claviers" – Les percussions de Strasbourg, Philips Classics, 444 218-2, 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Epitaphe" – Ensemble FA, conducted by Dominique My, MFA 216007, 1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jupiter" and "La Partition du Ciel et de l'Enfer" – Sophie Cherrier (flute) and Ensemble Intercontemporain. Conducted by Pierre Boulez. In Compositeurs d'aujourd'hui, Adès, 206 062, 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pluton" – Ilmo Ranta, piano, Technique Ircam Ondine Records, ODE 888-2, 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- "60ème parallèle" – Orchestre de Paris, conducted by David Robertson, Naxos 8.554249/50, 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- "En écho and Neptune" – Donatienne Michel-Dansac (soprano); Roland Auzet, Florent Jodelet, and Eve Payeur (percussion), Technique Ircam ACCORD, 465 526-2, 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Complete Chamber Music" – Ensemble Accroche Note, Assai 222052, 2002

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boulez, Pierre, and Patrick Greussay. 1988. "Entretien avec Philippe Manoury". "Traverses", nos. 44–45:128–37

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poirier, Alain. 2001. "Manoury, Philippe". "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians", ed. S. Sadie and J. Tyrrell. London: Macmillan.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.philippemanoury.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20110717054355/http://www.durand-salabert-eschig.com/formcat/catalogues/manoury_philippe.pdf (in French)

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Brindeau97a/ (in French)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at UCSD (in English)

description: French composer

wikidata_label: Philippe Manoury

wikipedia_title: Philippe Manoury


text:
kenjutsu
Kanemaki Jisai
Toda Seigen
kodachi
nodachi
katana
tessen
Hosokawa Tadaoki
Hosokawa
fief
Kyūshū
Miyamoto Musashi
Kanemaki Jisai
Hosokawa Tadaoki
Honshū
Kyūshū
chonmage
bokken
bokken
suburitō
oar
wakizashi
swallow cut
Harada Mukashi
nodachi
katana
feudal Japan
swallow
Kintaibashi Bridge
Iwakuni
Ittō-ryū
Vagabond
Samurai Warriors
Warriors Orochi
Samurai Shodown
Ukyo Tachibana
Brave Fencer Musashi
Fate/Stay Night
Fate/Grand Order
Hajime no Ippo
Dark Souls
Pokémon
Way of the Samurai 4
Onigiri
Kenji Tokitsu
Eiji Yoshikawa
Musashi

categories: Samurai,1612 deaths,Japanese swordsmen,Japanese warriors killed in battle,People from Fukui Prefecture,1580s births

paragraph: Sasaki Kojirō

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Sasaki went by the fighting name of , which was also the name of the "kenjutsu" school he had founded. It is said that Sasaki studied the Chūjō-ryu of sword fighting from either Kanemaki Jisai or Toda Seigen. Toda Seigen was a master of the "kodachi". If Sasaki had indeed learned Chūjō-ryu from Seigen, he would have been his master's sparring partner. Due to his master's use of the kodachi, Sasaki used a "nodachi", or a long "katana", against him, therefore eventually excelling in its use. It was after defeating his master's younger brother that he left and founded the Ganryū. The first reliable account of his life states that in 1610, because of the fame of his school and his many successful duels, including once when he fended off three opponents with a "tessen", Sasaki was honored by Lord Hosokawa Tadaoki as the chief weapons master of the Hosokawa fief north of Kyūshū. Sasaki later became skilled in wielding a "nodachi", and used one he called "monohoshizao" ("The Laundry-Drying Pole") as his main weapon.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Duel with Miyamoto Musashi.

paragraph: Sasaki Kojirō was a long-time rival of Miyamoto Musashi, and is considered the most challenging opponent Miyamoto ever faced. There are a number of accounts of the duel, varying in most details except the essentials, such as Sasaki's defeat. The age of Sasaki is especially uncertain – the "Nitenki" says that during his childhood, he

paragraph: The "Nitenki"s account initially seems trustworthy, until it goes on to give the age of Sasaki at the time of the duel as 18 years old; it is known that two years earlier he had been a head weapons master for a fief – but then that would imply he had reached such a position at the age of 16, which is extremely improbable. A further complication is that Toda Seigen died in the 1590s. This unreliability of the sources means Sasaki's age could have varied anywhere from his 20s to as late as his 50s. Even worse, a number of scholars contend that identifying Seigen as Sasaki's teacher is a mistake, and that he was actually trained by a student of Seigen's, Kanemaki Jisai.

paragraph: Apparently, the young Miyamoto, at the time, around 29 years old, heard of Sasaki's fame and asked Lord Hosokawa Tadaoki, through the intermediary of Nagaoka Sado Okinaga, a principal vassal of Hosokawa, to arrange a duel. Hosokawa assented, and set the time and place as 13 April 1612, on the comparatively remote island of Ganryujima of Funashima, the strait between Honshū and Kyūshū. The match was probably set in such a remote place because by this time Sasaki had acquired many students and disciples, and were Sasaki to have lost, they would probably have attempted to kill Miyamoto.

paragraph: According to the legend, Miyamoto arrived more than three hours late, and goaded Sasaki by taunting him. When Sasaki attacked, his blow came so close as to sever Miyamoto's "chonmage". He came close to victory several times until, supposedly, he was blinded by the sunset behind Miyamoto, who struck him on the skull with his oversized "bokken", or wooden sword, which was 110 centimeters long. Miyamoto had supposedly fashioned the long "bokken", a type called a "suburitō" due to its above-average length, by shaving down the spare oar of the boat in which he arrived at the duel with his "wakizashi". Miyamoto had been late for the duel on purpose in order to psychologically unnerve his opponent, a tactic he used on previous occasions, such as during his series of duels with the Yoshioka swordsmen.

paragraph: Another version of the legend recounts that when Miyamoto finally arrived, Sasaki shouted insults at him, but Miyamoto just smiled. Angered even further, Sasaki leapt into combat, blinded by rage. Sasaki attempted his famous "swallow's blade" or "swallow cut", but Miyamoto's oversized "bokken" hit Sasaki first, causing him to fall down; before Sasaki could finish his swallow cut, Miyamoto smashed Sasaki's left rib, puncturing his lungs and killing him. Miyamoto then hastily retreated to his boat and sailed away. This was Miyamoto's last fatal duel.

paragraph: Among other things, this conventional account, drawn from the "Nitenki", "Kensetsu", and Yoshida Seiken's account, has some problems. Kenji Tokitsu discusses a number of obscurities and counterintuitive claims that have been identified in the account by him and previous scholars. Would Miyamoto only prepare his "bokuto" "while" going to the duel site? Could he even have prepared it in time, working the hard wood with his "wakizashi"? Would that work not have tired him as well? Further, why was the island then renamed after Sasaki, and not Miyamoto? Other texts completely omit the "late arrival" portion of the story, or change the sequence of actions altogether. Harada Mukashi and a few other scholars believe that Sasaki was actually assassinated by Miyamoto and his students – the Sasaki clan apparently was a political obstacle to Lord Hosokawa, and defeating Sasaki would be a political setback to his religious and political foes.

paragraph: The debate still rages today as to whether or not Miyamoto cheated in order to win that fateful duel or merely used the environment to his advantage. Another theory is that Miyamoto timed the hour of his arrival to match the turning of the tide. He expected to be pursued by Sasaki's supporters in the event of a victory. The tide carried him to the island then it turned by the time the fight ended. Miyamoto immediately jumped back in his boat and his flight was thus helped by the tide.

paragraph: Section::::Weapon.

paragraph: Sasaki's favored weapon during combat was a straight-edged "nodachi" with a blade-length of over 90 cm (2 feet, 11.5 inches). As a comparison, the average blade-length of the regular "katana" are usually 70 cm (2 feet, 3 inches) but rarely longer. It was called "monohoshizao" (Clothes/Laundry-Drying Pole, 物干し竿, often translated into English as "The Drying Pole"). Despite the sword's length and weight, Sasaki's strikes with the weapon were unusually quick and precise.

paragraph: Section::::Swallow cut.

paragraph: His favorite technique was both respected and feared throughout feudal Japan. It was called the "Turning Swallow Cut" or "Tsubame Gaeshi" (燕返し, "Swallow Reversal / Return"), and was so named because it mimicked the motion of a swallow's tail during flight as observed at Kintaibashi Bridge in Iwakuni. This cut was reputedly so quick and precise that it could strike down a bird in mid-flight. There are no direct descriptions of the technique, but it "was" compared to two other techniques current at the time: the Ittō-ryū's "Kinshi Cho Ohken" and the Ganryū "Kosetsu To"; respectively the two involved fierce and swift cuts downward and then immediately upwards. Hence, the "Turning Swallow Cut" has been reconstructed as a technique involving striking downward from above and then instantly striking again in an upward motion from below. The strike's second phase could be from below toward the rear and then upward at an angle, like an eagle climbing again after swooping down on its prey. Sasaki created this technique around 1605.

paragraph: Section::::Sasaki Kojirō in fiction.

paragraph: Sasaki Kojiro has appeared in many forms in pop culture in Japan. He features in a lot of the films about the life of Miyamoto Musashi, most prominently in "".

paragraph: In the manga "Vagabond", Sasaki Kojiro is portrayed as a deaf man raised by a retired samurai after he is found in the ocean clinging to a long sword.

paragraph: He appears as a cultured and soft speaking psychopath with a white painted face in "Samurai Warriors" and it's crossover "Warriors Orochi".

paragraph: In the video game series "Samurai Shodown", the character Ukyo Tachibana is based on him, with his sword longer than a usual katana, resembling "monohoshizao", and including a move called "Tsubame Gaeshi".

paragraph: In the PlayStation video game "Brave Fencer Musashi", Sasaki appears as a result of a second "hero summoning" to save the princess of the Allucaneet Kingdom.

paragraph: Sasaki Kojiro appeared in the anime Ken'yū Densetsu Yaiba.

paragraph: Sasaki Kojiro also appeared as the Heroic Spirit 'Assassin' in the visual novel "Fate/Stay Night". It's noted however, that he's more a nameless person summoned to fill the Role of Sasaki as it's mentioned it's highly unlikely Sasaki ever actually existed as a single person. However, in the mobile app game "Fate/Grand Order", in the third part of its sequel, 'Epic of Remnant', he is featured as a Saber-class that fought Miyamoto Musashi as the final battle. In this same universe, his famed "Tsubame Gaeshi" appears as his Noble Phantasm, a technique that consists of three simultaneous strikes to prevent any escape, achieving through pure skill what other Heroic Spirits must rely on magic to accomplish.

paragraph: His technique, "Tsubame Gaeshi", resurfaced as a boxing move in the "Hajime no Ippo" TV special, "Champion Road".

paragraph: In the video game series "Dark Souls", a possible reference to Sasaki's sword is the "Washing Pole", which is a very long "katana".

paragraph: In Japanese releases of the video game series "Pokémon", the move つばめがえし ("Tsubame Gaeshi") is named after the technique. 'Swallow Return' is translated as 'Aerial Ace' in English versions.

paragraph: In the Japanese version of the "Pokémon" anime, Kojirō of Team Rocket (James in the international versions) is named as such as a reference to Sasaki Kojirō.

paragraph: In the video game "Way of the Samurai 4", one of the swords is an extra long one called "Laundry Pole," probably based on Kojiro's famous long sword.

paragraph: In the video game "Onigiri", Sasaki Kojiro is obtainable as a vanguard partner; however, his gender has been switched to female, along with many other historical Japanese figures who appear in the game. His technique "Tsubame Gaeshi" is also a skill on the Oodachi weapon type.

paragraph: Sasaki Kojiro also appears in the manga "Shuumatsu no Valkyrie" although much of his past is greatly altered.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Miyamoto Musashi: His Life and Writings", Kenji Tokitsu (trans. Sherab Chodzin Kohn), Shambhala Press, 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Miyamoto Musashi", Eiji Yoshikawa (translated as "Musashi" by Charles S. Terry )

alias:
Sasaki Kojiro
Sasaki Kojirou

description: Japanese swordsman

wikidata_label: Sasaki Kojirō

wikipedia_title: Sasaki Kojirō


text: Akita

text: coin

text: drainage

text: Tenmei

text: wakadoshiyori

text: Edo Castle

text: "norimono"

text: hatamoto

text: bakufu

text: Edo

text: Tokugawa Ieharu

text: sakoku

text: Hall, John Whitney

text: Harvard University Press

text: OCLC 445621

text: Screech, Timon

text: RoutledgeCurzon

text: OCLC 65177072

text: Titsingh, Isaac

text: Tenmei

text: Kuze Hirotami

text: Matsudaira Sadanobu

categories: Daimyo,Japanese pages,1719 births,1788 deaths,Rōjū

paragraph: Tanuma Okitsugu

paragraph: The reforms aimed to rectify the systemic problems in the economy, particularly the trade imbalance between the provinces and the shogunal areas of Japan. He took steps to increase the foreign trade and set export quotas for Akita copper mines (the copper being the primary coinage metal during that period), despite higher domestic prices. Tanuma's administration granted monopoly patents for numerous products, including iron, brass, sulfur, ginseng and lamp oil. Large investments were into the massive drainage program to increase the agricultural land. The program failed. Several years of crop failures, resulting from drought followed by floods, led to famine.

paragraph: In "Tenmei" 4 (1784), Okitsugu's son, the "wakadoshiyori" (junior counselor) Tanuma Okitomo, was assassinated inside Edo Castle. Okitomo was killed in front of his father as both were returning to their "norimono" after a meeting of the Counselors of State had broken up. Okitomo was killed by Sano Masakoto, a "hatamoto". The involvement of senior figures in the "bakufu" was suspected, but only the assassin himself was punished.

paragraph: The famine let to a spike in a number of protests and peasants rebellions, culminating in the Edo riots of 1787. Traditionalist opponents of the reform interpreted it as the "voice of Heaven" being followed by the "voice of the people". With the assassination of his son and the death of his patron Tokugawa Ieharu, Tanuma fell from power. The result was that the reforms and the relaxation of the strictures of "sakoku" were blocked.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hall, John Whitney. (1955). "Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719–1788: Forerunner of Modern Japan". Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 445621

paragraph: BULLET::::- Screech, Timon. (2006). "Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822". London: RoutledgeCurzon. ; OCLC 65177072

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac. (1820). "Mémoires et anecdotes sur la dynastie régnante des djogouns, souverains du Japon". Paris: Nepveu. .

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tenmei

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kuze Hirotami

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matsudaira Sadanobu

description: daimyo

wikidata_label: Tanuma Okitsugu

wikipedia_title: Tanuma Okitsugu


text: Hitachi Province

text: Honshu

text: Karō

text: Imperial House of Japan

text: Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū

text: musha shugyō

text: Kashima area

text: deity

text: Kashima Shrine

text: Kashima Shintō-ryū

text: Kōyō Gunkan

text: Lake Biwa

text: Miyamoto Musashi

text: Kashima

text: Ibaraki

text: pilgrimage

text: Kashima Shrine

text: kenjutsu

categories: Japanese swordsmen,1489 births,1571 deaths,Samurai

paragraph: Tsukahara Bokuden

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Bokuden was born into the Yoshikawa family within the Hitachi Province of Honshu. The family was one of four Karō families serving the Kashima clan; one of the cadet branches of the Imperial House of Japan (descendants of the ).

paragraph: Bokuden was adopted by the Tsukahara family, an offshoot of the Kashima clan; he was styled as Tsukahara Bokuden Takamoto. Earlier in his life, his name was "Tsukahara Shin'emon Takamoto".

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Bokuden learned the Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū from his adopted father and later honed his skills by engaging in "musha shugyō" (warrior's ascetic training), traveling throughout Japan and training with most of the skillful and knowledgeable swordsmen of the day. Tsukahara Bokuden was the classic knight-errant; a rich nobleman, he travelled the Japanese countryside, often with a full entourage. He later systematized the teaching of the Kashima area's local martial arts, including such approaches to combat as "Kashima no tachi" and "Ichi no tachi". After allegedly receiving a divine inspiration from "Takemikazuchi no kami", the deity of Kashima Shrine, he named his martial system as Kashima Shintō-ryū. He also, for a brief period, called his system "Mutekatsu-ryū" ("winning without hands").

paragraph: In one anecdote recorded in the "Kōyō Gunkan", Bokuden was challenged by a mannerless ruffian. When asked about his style, Bokuden replied that he studied the "Style of No Sword". The ruffian laughed and insultingly challenged Bokuden to fight him without a sword. Bokuden then agreed to fight the man without his sword but suggested they row out to a nearby island on Lake Biwa to avoid disturbing others. The ruffian agreed, but when he jumped from the boat to the shore of the island, drawing his blade, Bokuden pushed the boat back out, leaving the ruffian stranded on the island. Bokuden explained: "This is my no-sword school".

paragraph: A famous Japanese folk tale tells of the young Miyamoto Musashi challenging Bokuden to a duel during a meal. When Musashi struck first, Bokuden parried the sword with the lid of the iron pot he was eating from. In reality the story has no basis in fact—Bokuden had died 13 years before Musashi was born.

paragraph: According to Tokitsu Kenji, Tsukahara fought his first duel to the death at the age of 17 and won. Then, he duelled again 19 times and fought in 37 battles. He was wounded 6 times in total, but only by arrows. In total, his death toll seems to have reached 212.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Bokuden died of natural causes in 1571. His grave at is in Kashima, Ibaraki. Those devoted to the art of Japanese sword-fighting, would make pilgrimages to the Kashima Shrine because it is considered the spiritual home of kenjutsu.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steven Turnbull: "The Samurai Swordsman". Tuttle Publishing 2008, (restricted online version (google books))

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jinichi Tokeshi: "Kendo: Elements, Rules and Philosophy". University of Hawaii Press 2003,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tsukahara Bokuden: "The Hundred Rules of War". Createspace Independent Publishing Platform 2017,

description: Japanese samurai

wikidata_label: Tsukahara Bokuden

wikipedia_title: Tsukahara Bokuden