text:
Sarojini Naidu
Independence Day
Republic Day
Padma Shri
Government of India
Dosar Vaishya
Kanpur
Uttar Pradesh
Indian freedom struggle
Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi
Indian National Congress
Fatehpur
Indira Gandhi
Government of India
Padma Shri
Shankar Dayal Sharma
Indian National Congress
Jallianwala Bagh Martyrs' Day
Phool Bagh
Kanpur
Jawaharlal Nehru
Haripura
Mahatma Gandhi
Motilal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru
Dr Rajendra Prasad
Govind Vallabh Pant
Jamnalal Bajaj
Mahadev Desai
Purushottam Das Tandon
Prithviraj Kapoor
Sarojini Naidu
Independence Day
Republic Day
Flag of India
Indian independence movement

categories: Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh,Hindi poets,1896 births,Hindi-language lyricists,People from Kanpur,Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education,1977 deaths

paragraph: Shyamlal Gupta

paragraph: Shyamlal Gupta, popularly known by his pen name Parshad, (9 September 1896 – 10 August 1977) was an Indian poet and lyricist. A song written by him which featured in the 1948 Hindi film, "Azadi Ki Raah Par", (sung by Sarojini Naidu), has been accepted as the flag song of India and is sung every year during the flag hoisting ceremony at the Independence Day and Republic Day celebrations. The recipient of the fourth highest civilian award of Padma Shri in 1969, the Government of India issued a postage stamp in 1997 in his honour.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Shyamlal Gupta was born on 9 September 1896 in Dosar Vaishya community to Visheshwar Prasad and Kaushalya Devi as their youngest son at General Ganj area in Kanpur in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Refusing to join the family business, he took up teaching as a career and worked at various government schools in Kanpur, participating the Indian freedom struggle simultaneously. His chance meeting with Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi at one of the conventions of the Indian National Congress brought him the charge of the freedom campaigns of Fatehpur town. He was arrested by the British in 1921 and on release from jail, he started working underground. He was arrested again twice, in 1930 and 1944 and was sent to jail on both occasions. Gupta held the post of the president of the Fatehpur district congress committee for 19 years. He was known to have avoided using footwear and umbrellas till Indian independence, following a personal vow. He died on 10 August 1977, at the age of 81.

paragraph: As an honour, Gupta was selected to sing the flag song on 15 August 1952 during the Independence Day celebrations. During the Republic Day celebrations in 1972, Gupta was feliciated by the then prime minister, Indira Gandhi with a scroll of honour. The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1969. Two decades after his death, on 4 March 1997, Shankar Dayal Sharma, then president of India, released a postage stamp in his honour.

paragraph: Section::::Flag song.

paragraph: The song was originally written by Gupta in March 1924 as a patriotic poem and was released by Khanna Press in Kanpur, selling over 5000 copies. The Indian National Congress adopted the song as the official flag song in 1924 and it was first sung at the Jallianwala Bagh Martyrs' Day on 13 April 1924 at Phool Bagh in Kanpur, a function attended by Jawaharlal Nehru. In 1938, Sarojini Naidu presented the song at the Haripura Session of the Indian National Congress in the presence of freedom leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi, Motilal Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru, Dr Rajendra Prasad, Govind Vallabh Pant, Jamnalal Bajaj, Mahadev Desai and Purushottam Das Tandon. A decade later, the song was featured in the film, "Azadi ki Raah Par", released in 1948. The film was directed by Lalit Chandra Mehta and had Prithviraj Kapoor and Vanamala Pawar in the lead roles. The song, composed by Shekhar Kalyan and sung by Sarojini Naidu, is reported to have instilled a sense of patriotism among Indians during the pre-independence period. It is sung every year during the flag hoisting ceremony at the Independence Day and Republic Day celebrations.

paragraph: The song in Hindi:

paragraph: विजयी विश्व तिरंगा प्यारा, झण्डा ऊँचा रहे हमारा।

paragraph: सदा शक्ति बरसाने वाला, प्रेम सुधा सरसाने वाला।

paragraph: वीरों को हर्षाने वाला, मातृ भूमि का तन मन सारा।।

paragraph: झण्डा ऊँचा रहे हमारा ...

paragraph: स्वतंत्रता के भीषण रण में, रख कर जोश बढ़े क्षण-क्षण में।

paragraph: काँपे शत्रु देखकर मन में, मिट जाये भय संकट सारा।।

paragraph: झण्डा ऊँचा रहे हमारा ...

paragraph: इस झँडे के नीचे निर्भय, हो स्वराज जनता का निश्चय।

paragraph: बोलो भारत माता की जय, स्वतंत्रता ही ध्येय हमारा।।

paragraph: झण्डा ऊँचा रहे हमारा ...

paragraph: आओ प्यारे वीरों आओ, देश धर्म पर बलि-बलि जाओ।

paragraph: एक साथ सब मिल कर गाओ, प्यारा भारत देश हमारा।।

paragraph: झण्डा ऊँचा रहे हमारा ...

paragraph: शान न इसकी जाने पाये, चाहे जान भले ही जाये।

paragraph: विश्व विजयी कर के दिखलाएं, तब हो ये प्रण पूर्ण हमारा।।

paragraph: झण्डा ऊँचा रहे हमारा ...

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flag of India

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indian independence movement

description: Indian poet and lyricist

wikidata_label: Shyam Lal Gupta

wikipedia_title: Shyamlal Gupta


text:
Ambassador to Australia
Frankfurt am Main
Hesse-Nassau
Prussia
Gießen
Tübingen
Munich
Göttingen
doctor of law
German Foreign Office
Attaché
vice-consul
Toruń
Legation
Kovno
1929 to 1932 he was vice-consul
Jerusalem
British mandated territory of Palestine
Belgrade
Romania
Reemtsma
Occupied Greece
Federal Republic of Germany
German Ambassador to Australia
Victoria Dock
Melbourne
Sir William McKell
Sydney
Canberra
South Australia
German community there
Dean of the Diplomatic Corps
Mexico City
Bonn
Morocco
St Ives, New South Wales

categories: University of Giessen alumni,Ambassadors of Germany to Morocco,Ambassadors of Germany to Australia,Ambassadors of Germany to Mexico,People from Frankfurt,1900 births,University of Göttingen alumni,University of Tübingen alumni,Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni,German diplomats,1986 deaths

paragraph: Walther Hess

paragraph: Walther Hess (12 March 1900 – 26 August 1986) was a German diplomat who served as the first Ambassador to Australia.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Born in Frankfurt am Main, Hesse-Nassau, Prussia, on 12 March 1900, after school education Hess studied law and political science at the universities of Gießen, Tübingen, Munich and Göttingen and in 1923 was granted his doctor of law with a thesis entitled "Family Maintenance at convocation".

paragraph: Section::::Diplomatic career.

paragraph: In 1925 he joined the German Foreign Office as an Attaché and graduated from the state examinations for the consular and diplomatic service. In 1927 he was appointed vice-consul in Toruń, Poland, and in 1928 was Secretary of Legation in Kovno. From 1929 to 1932 he was vice-consul in Jerusalem in the British mandated territory of Palestine, and from 1932 to 1938 he was Secretary of the Legation in Belgrade, Romania. In 1938 he was transferred into inactive service for "political reasons", although the real reason was due to his wife being Jewish, and in 1944 took early retirement. From 1938 to 1945, Hess moved abroad into the private sector and was the representative of the Reemtsma tobacco company in Occupied Greece and neutral Turkey.

paragraph: In early 1950 the reconstituted Foreign Office of the Federal Republic of Germany reactivated his commission as a diplomat and on 30 January 1952 Hess was sent to Australia to become the first German Ambassador to Australia. Upon departing at Victoria Dock in Melbourne, Hess was greeted by a group holding placards calling him a Nazi, a charge echoed by Jewish representative groups in Australia, an allegation he vehemently denied: "I know that the German people under Hitler did great harm to the Jewish people. Many of them must always feel bitterness, but I, too, suffered under Hitler. My wife's people were killed by him, and I had to leave my country." Presenting his credentials to Governor-General Sir William McKell on 9 July 1952, Hess took the role of repairing Germany's relations with Australia: "May this event mark a break with a deplorable past which has inflicted so much suffering also upon the people of Australia. It is the sincere desire of my Government to participate most actively in the universal struggle against the distress which the last war left in its wake." Assisted by a small staff of nine, Hess initially based the embassy in various hotels in Sydney. However, in 1955, with the construction of new embassy premises, Hess moved the embassy to Canberra. In January 1953 Hess visited South Australia to inspect the growing German community there. In the last years of his service in Australia, Hess served as Dean of the Diplomatic Corps.

paragraph: From 1959 to 1960, Hess was appointed as ambassador in Mexico City, and, from 1960 to 1962, he returned to Germany as Deputy Director-General of the Foreign Office, with special responsibility for international trade policy, in Bonn. On 10 September 1962, Hess was given his final posting as Ambassador to Morocco, serving until 31 May 1965. In retirement Hess returned to Australia, living in St Ives, New South Wales, until his death in 1986.

description: German diplomat

wikidata_label: Walther Hess

wikipedia_title: Walther Hess


text:
Provençal
Domaine Mathieu
Armana prouvençau
Félibrige
Joseph Roumanille
Frédéric Mistral
Théodore Aubanel
Jean Brunet
Paul Giéra
Alphonse Tavan
Alphonse Daudet
Alexandre Dumas
Alphonse Lamartine
Avignon

categories: French poets,19th-century poets,People from Vaucluse,1828 births,1895 deaths

paragraph: Anselme Mathieu

paragraph: Anselme Mathieu (21 April 1828 – 8 February 1895) was a French Provençal poet.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Anselme Mathieu was born 21 April 1828 in Châteauneuf-du-Pape. His parents were the fourth-generation owners of the Domaine Mathieu, a vineyard still in operation today.

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.

paragraph: Mathieu was a Provençal poet. He published poems in "Armana prouvençau" under the pseudonym of Félibre di Poutoun.

paragraph: On 21 May 1854, he co-founded the Félibrige movement with Joseph Roumanille, Frédéric Mistral, Théodore Aubanel, Jean Brunet, Paul Giéra and Alphonse Tavan.

paragraph: He published "La Farandole", a collection of poems, in 1862. Mistral contributed the foreword.

paragraph: Section::::Wine.

paragraph: Mathieu introduced the co-founders of the Félibrige to the red wine produced by his family vineyard. Moreover, he introduced it to Alphonse Daudet, another writer from Provence, who called it, "royal, imperial, pontifical."

paragraph: Additionally, Mathieu introduced Alexandre Dumas and Alphonse Lamartine, two writers from Paris, to this wine.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died on 8 February 1895.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The "Collège Anselme Mathieu", a secondary school in Avignon, is named in his honour.

description: French Provençal poet

wikidata_label: Anselme Mathieu

wikipedia_title: Anselme Mathieu


text:
Paris
Louis XIV

categories: French Baroque composers,1694 deaths,1637 births

paragraph: Louis Chein

paragraph: Louis Chein (Paris, 1637-1694) was French priest and composer best known for his requiem mass for four voices published by Ballard in 1690. The "Ne recorderis"; and "Dirige Domine" of Chein's mass were selected by conductor Raphael Pichon for inclusion in the composite requiem mass "Les Funerailles Royales de Louis XIV" for the funeral of Louis XIV (1715) performed and videotaped in 2015.

description: French composer

wikidata_label: Louis Chein

wikipedia_title: Louis Chein


text:
Volda
Sunnmøre
lensmann
Hans Strøm
peripatetic teacher
Norsk Landboeblad
Berte Canutte Aarflot
Rasmus Aarflot
house mark
Ivar Aasen
Old West Norse
Sunnmøre Practical Agricultural Society
Trondheim
Nordenfjells
Berby
Runic Calendar

categories: Norwegian schoolteachers,19th-century Norwegian educators,1759 births,Norwegian editors,1817 deaths

paragraph: Sivert Aarflot

paragraph: Sivert Knudsen Aarflot (October 23, 1759 – April 14, 1817) was a Norwegian figure in popular education. He worked as a schoolteacher in Volda in the Sunnmøre district and then served as a "lensmann".

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Aarflot is known for his work in community education and for introducing improvements in agriculture. As a young man, he was taught by the parish priest Hans Strøm in Volda. He became a peripatetic teacher in 1778 and then a "lensman" in Volda in 1798. In 1800 he moved to the Ekset farm, where he set up a print shop in 1808 and issued the weekly newspaper "Norsk Landboeblad". He also established a Sunday school here in 1802, where teaching in the natural sciences had a prominent place, and he made his book collection available to the general public. For these efforts, he was honored with the gold medal of the Danish Society of Agriculture. In 1811 he founded the Welfare Society for the Parish of Volda ("Selskabet for Voldens Præstegjælds Vel"). His children were the hymn writer and author Berte Canutte Aarflot (1795–1859) and the editor and politician Rasmus Aarflot (1792–1845).

paragraph: Sivert Aarflot was one of the first Norwegians to write about house marks, in his article "Om nogle af Hovedkaraktererne iblandt de saakaldte gamlævis Bumærkji, som ellers heder Runebogstaver" (Regarding Some of the Main Characteristics among the So-Called Old-Fashioned House Marks, Otherwise Called Runic Characters), published in "Norsk Landboeblad" in 1811.

paragraph: The philologist Ivar Aasen (1813–1896) gained much of his first knowledge from the bookshelves at Ekset. The Åsen farm lies only three kilometers from Ekset, and so they were almost neighbors. Aarflot himself had made observations about the relationship between the Sunnmøre dialect and Old West Norse, and this may have inspired the young Aasen.

paragraph: Aarflot was a member of the Sunnmøre Practical Agricultural Society ("Syndmøre practiske Landhuusholdningsselskab").

paragraph: Section::::Print shop owner and newspaper publisher.

paragraph: On December 22, 1807, Aarflot wrote a lengthy request to the king in Copenhagen asking permission to start his own print shop. In his request he listed the handwritten works that he held in his private library and wished to print in thirteen points. In addition, he made it clear that he planned to publish a weekly newspaper called "The Village Gazette for Norway" ("Et Ugeblad Kaldet: Landboebladet for Norge"). In May 1808, the postal service recommended a postage exemption for the newspaper in Norway and Denmark. On July 15, 1808, Aarflot received permission to engage in printing operations. With the help of a friend from Trondheim engaged in book printing, Aarflot started printing in 1809. This was the first print shop to operate outside of a town in Norway (Ålesund was not a town at that time).

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Naturlige Aarsager til Fiskeriernes Til-og Fragang ved de Nordenfjeldske Kyster: et Forsøg fremlagt til mer Kyndiges Betænkning" (Natural Causes of Fisheries' Increase and Decline on the Nordenfjells Coast: An Essay Submitted to a More Expert Report; in: "Handels- og Industritidende", 1804, pp. 195–213)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hampens Dyrkning og Tilberedning: en kort Anviisning for nordenfieldske Landboer" (Hemp Cultivation and Preparation: A Brief Introduction for Nordenfjells Farmers; Copenhagen,1805)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kort Udsigt over Søndmørs Torskefiskerie, og Tanker i samme Anledning i Foraaret 1805" (A Brief Overview of the Sunnmøre Cod Fisheries, and Thoughts on the Same Matter in the Spring of 1805; in: "Handels- og Industritidende", 1805, pp. 171–204)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Norsk Jorddyrkers Almanak" (Norwegian Farmers' Almanac; Copenhagen, 1805–1806)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Efterretning om det svenske Kongehuus, og noget om Tilstanden i Sverrig før og efter sidste Krige med Frankrig, Rusland og Norge" (Information about the Swedish Royal House and Something about the State of Sweden before and after the Last Wars with France, Russia, and Norway; Ekset, 1809)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hædrende Velkomst-Hilsing til den i Attaqven ved Berby den 12te September 1808 blæsserede, af sine Saar nogenledes restituerede, og i Oktober 1809 til sin Føde-Egn hiemkommen Grenadeer John Andersen Biørdal" (Honorable Welcome Greetings to the Grenadier John Andersen Biørdal, Wounded in the Attack at Berby on September 12th, 1808, Somewhat Recovered from His Injury, and Returned to His Homeland in October 1809; Ekset, 1809)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Om anvendte og anvendelige Fødemidler i Kornmangels Tid" (On Used and Useful Fodder during a Lack of Grain; Ekset, 1813)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Billed-ABC-Bog for gode Børn" (Illustrated ABC Book for Good Children; Ekset, 1815)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dyrerigets første Bog, eller Pattedyrenes Naturhistorie med 90 Afb. og 192 Beskrivelser" (First Book of Animals, or the Natural History of the Mammals with 90 Illustrations and 192 Descriptions; Ekset, 1815)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dyrerigets anden Bog, eller Fuglenes Naturhistorie med ca. 70 Afb., samt Beskrivelse over mer end 300 Fugle-Slags og Arter" (Second Book of Animals, or the Natural History of the Birds with about 70 Illustrations and Descriptions of over 300 Types and Species of Birds; Ekset, 1816)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aarflots Nye Regnebog for Bondebrug: ved Specie-Mynts-Beregninger blant flere Slags Penge-forhold. Første Hefte" (Aarflot's New Registry for Farm Usage: With Specie-Money Calculations in Several Types of Currency. Volume One; Ekset, 1817)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Runetrolldom og ringstav: frå etterleivde manuskript og prent" (Runic Magic and Runic Calendars: From Surviving Manuscripts and Printed Material; Volda, 1949)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Øystein Sande. 2009. "Sivert Aarflot: folkeopplysningsmannen på Ekset". Volda: Høgskolen i Volda.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jostein Fet. 2006. "Eksetiana: Aarflots prenteverk 1809–1935: bibliografi og kulturhistorie". Oslo: Samlaget.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arne Apelseth. 1998. "Sivert Aarflots lånebibliotek frå 1797." "Bok og Bibliotek" 65(1).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jorunn Aasen. 1997. "Et 200-årsminne: mannen bak det første biblioteket på landsbygda". Valle: Setesdalsforlaget.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maurits Aarflot. 1951. "Sivert Aarflot og hans samtid". Volda: Aarflots Prenteverks Forlag.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olav Riste & Sivert K. Aarflot. 1927. "Sivert Aarflot: ein bolk sunnmørsk åndsliv." "Syn og Segn".

description: Norwegian contributing editor and publisher

wikidata_label: Sivert Aarflot

wikipedia_title: Sivert Aarflot


text:
Dzhidzhimli
Lachin
Seljuq
Architecture of Azerbaijan

categories: Mausoleums in Azerbaijan,Palaces in Azerbaijan

paragraph: Melik Ajdar Mausoleum

paragraph: Melik Ajdar Mausoleum or Dzhidzhimli Mausoleum – is a mausoleum located in high mountainous terrain of Dzhidzhimli village of Lachin. It is believed that this monument was built in XII-XIII centuries.

paragraph: Section::::Architectural features.

paragraph: The general image of Melik Ajdar mausoleum is reminiscent of a parabola. The slopes between the surfaces of this parabola are designed with engraving. As a result, the general picture of the monument is reminiscent of migrant, Turkic-speaking peoples, which is widely spread among the nations and overall appearance of this object resembles the dwelling nomadic peoples.

paragraph: There is almost no transit between the mausoleum and the outer space, and its body and cover. There are stone carvings above the tomb entrance door and on the left and right sides of the entrance door. In each of these three stone carvings, the bull is described. According to the graphic description of Bulatov, this ""architect, who build the mausoleum benefited from the ellipse to draw the silhouette of the architectural monument.""

paragraph: Thus, in the architectural character of this monument, it seems that form of traditional octagonal mausoleums has disappeared.

paragraph: Since there is no inscription on Melik Ajdar mausoleum, it is difficult to determine when it was built. I.Sheblikin, who saü the mausoleum and published it for the first time, noted that this building belongs to Seljuq period. It takes its history to the XII century or early XIII century.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Architecture of Azerbaijan

wikidata_label: Melik Ajdar Mausoleum

wikipedia_title: Melik Ajdar Mausoleum


text: Amsterdam

text: Netherlands

text: Spasmodique

text: Raskolnikov

text: Nightporter

text: John Sinclair

text: Mecano

text: Amsterdam

text: Zwijndrecht

text: Maassluis

text: Rotterdam

text: punk

text: new wave

text: Capelle a/d IJssel

text: Nieuwerkerk a/d IJssel

text: Spasmodique

text: Willem Cramer

text: Jean-Marie Aerts

text: improvisations

text: Raskolnikov

text: classical

text: avant-garde

text: acoustic guitar

text: Rui Veloso

text: Nightporter

text: Crossing Border Festival

text: Craigie Horsfield

text: John Sinclair

text: Crossing Border Festival

text: Amsterdam

text: Dirk Polak

text: Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen

text: Lowlands Festival

text: Carla van der Marel

text: Spasmodique

text: Headpress

text: Arno van de Pol

text: Nightporter

text: literary magazine

text: AD.nl

text: RED SUN RECORDS online MUSIC store

text: Mark Ritsema Interview

text: On The Road in Amsterdam and Europe

text: Mark Ritsema

text: VPRO

text: Carrie Jansen & Mark Ritsema

text: Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen

text: CD Baby

text: Valley of Wolves

text: De Week van Mark Ritsema

text: Soundwork 4.0

text: Doe jij het op muziek, met Mark Ritsema

text: Festival Internacional de Spoken Word

text: Graigie Horsfield

text: Antiscene.nl

text: Mark Ritsema

text: Nightporter

text: Spasmodique

text: Unsound

text: Mark Risema

text: Discogs

text: Mark Ritsema

text: Mark Ritsema at ArtFacts

text: Mark Ritsema at musicfrom.nl

categories: Musicians from Amsterdam,Dutch journalists,Dutch male singers,Dutch guitarists,Male guitarists,1962 births,Dutch singer-songwriters,Living people

paragraph: Mark Ritsema

paragraph: Mark Ritsema (born 8 March 1962 in Amsterdam) is a singer, guitarist, songwriter, journalist and writer from the Netherlands. During the eighties and nineties he fronted cult bands Spasmodique and Cobraz and currently he plays with Raskolnikov. He also performs as the solo-artist Nightporter and plays guitar for John Sinclair, Vera and Mecano.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Ritsema, born in Amsterdam, grew up in Zwijndrecht and Maassluis, suburban towns near Rotterdam where he moved with his parents in 1974. After teaching himself to play guitar, Ritsema started writing songs in the late seventies, inspired by the punk and new wave movements. He formed a duo with drummer Reinier Rietveld called Evil a.k.a. Puberpunk. Around 1979 the pair (with Ritsema now on bass) joined singer/guitarist Arjo Hijmans, and guitarist Ed Versloot, to form their first serious, but short lived, band Torpedos.

paragraph: Section::::Bands.

paragraph: Section::::Bands.:Spasmodique.

paragraph: In 1981 Ritsema began to work at a psychogeriatric nursing home in Capelle a/d IJssel. Here he met bassplayer Martin Doctors van Leeuwen and drummer Bob Stoute, who had just disbanded their band Slum. They joined forces, with Ritsema on lead vocals and guitar. Soon after their first show in a car-park in Nieuwerkerk a/d IJssel in 1982, they were joined by Reinier Rietveld on drums and Arjo Hijmans on guitar. In 1983 Stoute left.

paragraph: In this (classic) line-up Spasmodique remained active until 1990, gaining a solid live-reputation in the Netherlands and releasing a few cassettes during the first half of the decade. They released their first mini-album in 1986, followed by four albums, a mini-album and two singles. The quartet toured intensively throughout the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Hungary and the former Czechoslovakia. After Hijmans left in 1990, they worked with guitar players Niek den Brave, Hans Brussee and Raymond Gerrits, and finally broke up in 1992.

paragraph: In 1998 the classic line-up of Spasmodique reunited. They recorded the soundtrack for the short movie "In Forced Perspective" by Favola Film (Rino Gouw and Hugo Goudswaard) and performed live in the Rotterdam club under the name Villa Delirium. Spasmodique started recording new material they had written around 2000. The album "Villa Delirium" was finally released in 2002 and the book "Cellar of Roses", about Spasmodique, edited by Jean-Paul van Mierlo, was launched at the same time. After a lengthy Dutch tour Ritsema decided to leave Spasmodique, which meant the end of the band.

paragraph: Section::::Bands.:Cobraz.

paragraph: In the early nineties Ritsema started playing and composing with multi-instrumentalist Willem Cramer. Cramer had just left the Rotterdam based multi-cultural band East Meets West. They soon recruited more (ex-)members of this band – percussionists Alex Eind, Daniël Bloem and John de Wit – to join a 1992 tour of the Netherlands with East Meets West and Hi Ho Silver, called Rotterdam Olay I (De Rotterdamse Daad). They were joined by Martin Doctors van Leeuwen on bass and changed their name to Cobraz. A CD was issued, featuring three tracks by each band on the tour. Most of the band members left after the tour, so Ritsema and Cramer were joined by percussionists Joke Hamminga (East Meets West) and Coen Aalberts (Willy Nilly), and drummer Ron de Bruijn. This line-up debuted in Rotterdam at the in 1993. Doctors van Leeuwen left to be replaced by Chris Grem. This sextet recorded Cobraz only studio album "Sato Bar" (produced by TC Matic guitarist and producer Jean-Marie Aerts) in 1995, and disbanded the following year.

paragraph: Section::::Bands.:(Mark Ritsema & Trio) Raskolnikov.

paragraph: In 1997 Ritsema formed Last Side Show with Jean-Marie Aerts, Chris Grem and Coen Aalberts (replaced by Ron de Bruijnduring the first Dutch tour ) but the band broke up before the end of the year due to logistic problems. Live and studio recordings were made but never released.

paragraph: In 1998 Ritsema was asked by the local radio station to play during their weekly talk show Studio Gloria. Initially Ritsema reunited with Grem (on piano) and Aalberts, calling themselves Trio Raskolnikov. After a few radio shows, double bassplayer Peter Jessen was recruited and the band name was changed to Mark Ritsema & Trio Raskolnikov. Combining Ritsema's new songs, written each week, with jazzy improvisations, they rapidly became an established band that began playing throughout the Netherlands. With the financial help of and they also released a collection of radio recordings on CD "Studio Gloria" (1999). In 2001 they were part of the music, dance and film performance "Dorst", with Regina Magnus (choreography, dance), Sanja Hasagic (dance) and Favola Film (visuals) for Rotterdam Cultural Capital. In 2001, together with members of the Q-Club from Hoorn, Ritsema founded UNSOUND, an organisation and record label that established the musical freedom of its members in a lengthy manifest (UNSOUND0001), which is partly an indictment of the commercial, tunnel visioned, music world. In 2003 UNSOUND released new albums by both Q-Club and Raskolnikov (with Aalberts again replaced by De Bruijn), and the two bands also shared the stage during the theatrical music show UNSOUND0007, with visuals and video footage by Favola Film. The recording of the on-line-only album "Portrait of Raskolnikov As A Young Man" was financed by a group of Raskolnikov fans. During 2007/2008 Raskolnikov was fairly inactive, due to Ritsema's solo-activities, Grem's work for and Jessens's growing activities in the classical/avant-garde music world. New live shows and recordings are being planned for 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Solo.

paragraph: From the early nineties on, Ritsema performed solo, accompanying himself on acoustic guitar. Between 2003 and 2007 this repertoire, and some new material, was recorded in Vale The Lobos Studios and Bed & BreakFast Studios in Portugal, in collaboration with producer Jules Otto, Portuguese singer/guitarist Rui Veloso and Belgian/Dutch guitarist . "In A Valley of Wolves" was released in late 2007 under the name Nightporter, followed by performances at Crossing Border Festival and NuMoon Fest in 2008.

paragraph: Section::::Collaborations.

paragraph: Between 1998 and 2000, Ritsema participated as guitarist in the making of several sound sculptures, with the British artist/photographer Craigie Horsfield. The works (mostly edited in length, to suit the opening hours of the gallery) were exhibited in galleries in Middelburg, Stuttgart, Brussels and London.

paragraph: In 2001 Ritsema played for the first time as guitarist for the American poet and writer John Sinclair. They debuted at the Crossing Border Festivall in Amsterdam and continued playing together in the Netherlands, Italy, Spain and England.

paragraph: At the same edition of Crossing Border, "Waltzing The Storm", the second short movie by Favola Film was shown, with a soundtrack that Ritsema composed, sang and performed at the recording studio Studio 2X2.

paragraph: In 2005 Ritsema joined the reformed, Amsterdam based, new wave band Mecano, playing mainly in Greece and France. He also performed as a duo with Mecano singer Dirk Polak in Athens. Currently Ritsema and Polak are writing songs together, calling themselves The Polar Twins.

paragraph: In 2005 Ritsema produced the first demo of the young singer/songwriter Vera Juhrend and continues to play guitar in her band (with Peter Jessen and Ron de Bruijn). They recorded Vera's first album "Leave A Line" in mid-2008 with Dirk Polak as producer.

paragraph: In 2008 Ritsema played guitar for Dutch writer and columnist in Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen (Rotterdam). Words and music were inspired by, and performed in front of, the painting Shooting Gallery by .

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: Ritsema is also a journalist who regularly contributes to the cultural monthly magazine "Uit Agenda Rotterdam", and the Lowlands Festival newspaper "Daily Paradise".

paragraph: In 2008 Ritsema wrote a brief history of the Rotterdam underground scene in the eighties/nineties for the book "Antiscene" by photographer Carla van der Marel. He has also written introductions to the Spasmodique book "From the Cellar of Roses" (2002) and The John Sinclair reader "IT'S ALL GOOD" (Headpress 2009).

paragraph: With visual-artist Arno van de Pol he created the graphic novel "In A Valley of Wolves" which accompanies the deluxe edition of the Nightporter album of the same name. They continue working on new chapters, the second being published in the literary magazine "", which has also published Ritsema's short stories and poems. He has appeared in the poetry magazine "Krakatau" and is currently working on a novel.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: 1. Mark Ritsema begrijpt en bezingt de nuttelozen van de nacht at AD.nl (in Dutch)

paragraph: 2. Mark Ritsema: ‘De woede uit mijn eerste songteksten is er nog, maar het is breder.’ at (in Dutch)

paragraph: 3. RED SUN RECORDS online MUSIC store

paragraph: 4. IT’S ALL GOOD: A John Sinclair Reader (with introduction by M.Ritsema)

paragraph: 5. Mark Ritsema Interview by Koen van Wijk (in Dutch)

paragraph: 6. On The Road in Amsterdam and Europe by John Sinclair

paragraph: 7. John Sinclair y Mark Ritsema abren hoy el ciclo Contante y Sonante en el Puertas de Castilla (in Spanish)

paragraph: 8. Mark Ritsema at VPRO (in Dutch)

paragraph: 9. Carrie Jansen & Mark Ritsema in Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen (in Dutch)

paragraph: 10. John Sinclair & Mark Ritsema : Criss Cross at CD Baby

paragraph: 11. Valley of Wolves at muziekweb.nl (in Dutch)

paragraph: 12. De Week van Mark Ritsema at musicfrom.nl (in Dutch)

paragraph: 13. Soundwork 4.0 at absolutearts.com

paragraph: 14. Doe jij het op muziek, met Mark Ritsema at 3VOOR12 (in Dutch)

paragraph: 15. Festival Internacional de Spoken Word (in Spanish)

paragraph: 16. Graigie Horsfield

paragraph: 17. Antiscene.nl (in Dutch)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Ritsema official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nightporter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spasmodique

paragraph: BULLET::::- Unsound

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Risema at Discogs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Ritsema at

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Ritsema at ArtFacts

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Ritsema at musicfrom.nl (in Dutch)

description: Dutch musician

wikidata_label: Mark Ritsema

wikipedia_title: Mark Ritsema


text:
Mayor of Toronto
Oswego, New York
Brockville
Ontario
nervous breakdown
syphilis
Orange Order in Canada

categories: Deaths from syphilis,Canadian people of American descent,Politicians from Oswego, New York,1902 deaths,1858 births,Mayors of Toronto

paragraph: Ernest A. Macdonald

paragraph: Ernest Albert Macdonald (1858 – December 18, 1902) was Mayor of Toronto in 1900.

paragraph: Born in Oswego, New York, Macdonald emigrated to Brockville, Ontario when he was young. He was a member of the Toronto City Council for St. Matthew's ward and ran three times unsuccessfully for mayor before being elected in 1900. He served for one year and lost when he ran for re-election. His defeat led to a nervous breakdown. He died in 1902 after a lengthy battle with syphilis.

paragraph: Prior to becoming mayor, Macdonald built up and lost a real estate fortune which would have been worth millions in 21st-century dollars. He was also a member of the Orange Order in Canada.

description: Canadian politician

wikidata_label: Ernest A. Macdonald

wikipedia_title: Ernest A. Macdonald


text:
President
Royal Academy
Royal Navy
Arthur Gore, 2nd Earl of Arran
John Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough
Thomas de Grey, 5th Baron Walsingham
Barons Rendlesham
Viscounts Dillon
Chelsea Polytechnic
World War II
Royal Armoured Corps
Ceri Richards
Robert Medley
Harold Sandys Williamson
Raymond Coxon
landscape artist
Kent
Thomas Agnew & Sons
Gallery
Tate Gallery
Royal Academy
Newcastle upon Tyne
Royal College of Art
City and Guilds of London Art School
Paintings in Hospitals
National Portrait Gallery
Sir Hugh Casson
7th Baron Walsingham
knighted
Arts Council of Great Britain
Flavia Hatt
Spencer
House of Grey
Royal Victorian Order
Artnet website page
National Portrait Gallery website page

categories: 1995 deaths,People educated at Eton College,Grey family,English landscape painters,People from Meopham,1918 births,Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order,Royal Academicians

paragraph: Roger de Grey

paragraph: Sir Roger de Grey, (18 April 1918 –14 February 1995, in London) was a British landscape painter. From 1984 to 1993 he served as President of the Royal Academy.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: De Grey was the second son (and youngest of three children) of Royal Navy Lieutenant-Commander Nigel de Grey (1886-1951) and his wife Florence, daughter of Spencer William Gore and a descendant of Arthur Gore, 2nd Earl of Arran and John Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough. Nigel de Grey was a grandson of Thomas de Grey, 5th Baron Walsingham, like his wife, descended from the 4th Earl of Bessborough, and was also descended from the Barons Rendlesham and Viscounts Dillon. He studied art at Chelsea Polytechnic from 1936–1939. During World War II he was commissioned in the Royal Armoured Corps. After the War he returned to Chelsea to complete his studies from 1946–1947. His tutors included Ceri Richards, Robert Medley, Harold Sandys Williamson and Raymond Coxon. De Grey was a landscape artist, often working in Kent and in France, painting outdoors and then finishing his work in his studio. His first solo exhibition was at the Thomas Agnew & Sons Gallery in 1954. Later he exhibited at the Tate Gallery and Royal Academy, as well as internationally. His paintings are still sought after by collectors.

paragraph: Section::::Teaching and administration.

paragraph: De Grey had a long and distinguished career as an art educator: a Lecturer of King's College, Newcastle upon Tyne (1947–1951), then Master of Painting (1951–1953), at the Royal College of Art, he was Senior Tutor, and later Reader in Painting from 1953-1973. From 1973-1995 he was the Principal of the City and Guilds of London Art School. From 1971, he was a Trustee of Paintings in Hospitals and enabled the charity to acquire works by Royal Academicians. He was also a Trustee of the National Portrait Gallery from 1984 to 1995. In 1962, Roger de Grey was elected an Associate member of the Royal Academy, becoming a full Academician in 1969. From 1976 until 1984, he was the Treasurer of the RA under Sir Hugh Casson. De Grey succeeded Casson as President in 1984. Roger de Grey was elected Senior RA in October 1993, the year he stepped down from being President. He was elected an honorary member of the Royal West of England Academy of Art (RWA) in 1994.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: A great-nephew of the 7th Baron Walsingham, de Grey was knighted in 1991 for "services to British art". The Royal Academy provided an exhibition of his work "in memoriam" in 1996. The Tate Gallery and Arts Council of Great Britain hold several examples of his work.

paragraph: In 1942, he married Flavia Hatt , ("née" Irwin), also a notable artist, who died in London in 1995, aged 77. Sir Roger and Lady de Grey had three children: Spencer, Robert and Emilia.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Grey

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royal Victorian Order

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artnet website page

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Portrait Gallery website page

description: English landscape painter

wikidata_label: Roger de Grey

wikipedia_title: Roger de Grey


text:
footballer
defender
York
York City
youth system
capped
England schools
Youth Training Scheme
first team
substitute
Rochdale
Associate Members' Cup
Bristol City
manager
Bobby Saxton
Clubman of the Year
1990–91
Manchester United
League Cup
1995–96
Darlington
loan
Mansfield Town
captain
free transfer
Chesterfield

categories: Sportspeople from York,Chesterfield F.C. players,1969 births,England schools international footballers,Association football defenders,English footballers,Darlington F.C. players,York City F.C. players,Living people,Footballers from North Yorkshire

paragraph: Steve Tutill

paragraph: Stephen Alan "Steve" Tutill (born 1 October 1969) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born in York, Tutill joined the York City youth system on associate schoolboy forms and having been capped eight times by England schools in 1985 and 1986 he entered York's Youth Training Scheme in 1986. He made his first team debut for York as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Rochdale in the Associate Members' Cup on 6 January 1987. He suffered a broken ankle at Bristol City in December, but having impressed manager Bobby Saxton he signed a professional contract with York in January 1988. He was named the club's Clubman of the Year for the 1990–91 season, which he completed with 47 appearances for York. He played in both legs of York's 4–3 aggregate victory over Manchester United in the League Cup second round in the 1995–96 season.

paragraph: Tutill joined Darlington on a one-month loan in February 1998 and he made his debut against Mansfield Town on 21 February. He took over as captain during this period and on 19 March he agreed to sign for the club permanently on a free transfer. He signed for Chesterfield on a three-year contract in July 2000 after talks over a new deal with Darlington broke down.

paragraph: An Achilles tendon injury sustained in December forced Tutill to retire from football in May 2002 and he moved on to work in the prison service.

description: English association football player

wikidata_label: Steve Tutill

wikipedia_title: Steve Tutill


text: Italian

text: abbot

text: hermit

text: saint

text: Campagna

text: Monte Cassino

text: barbarian invasions

text: Lombards

text: Rome

text: Pope Pelagius II

text: Campania

text: Castellammare di Stabia

text: Saint Catellus

text: Monte Aureo

text: grotto

text: Saint Michael

text: witchcraft

text: miracle

text: whale

text: crypt

text: basilica

text: Moorish

text: Giovanni Grillo

text: demonic possession

text: bubonic plague

text: cholera

text: Sant' Antonino di Sorrento

categories: Italian Benedictines,Medieval Italian saints,830 deaths,9th-century Christian saints,Year of birth unknown,People from Campagna,Italian hermits

paragraph: Antoninus of Sorrento

paragraph: Antoninus of Sorrento (died 625) was an Italian abbot, hermit, and saint.

paragraph: Born at Campagna, he left his native town to become a monk at Monte Cassino. During that time, Italy was suffering from barbarian invasions and Antoninus was forced to leave this monastery. Monte Cassino had been plundered by the Lombards and the monks escaped to Rome to seek protection from Pope Pelagius II. Antoninus, however, headed for Campania where he ended up at Castellammare di Stabia. Here Saint Catellus (San Catello) was bishop. Catellus, wishing to become a hermit, gave up his office as bishop and entrusted Antoninus with the task of serving as the town's bishop. Catellus withdrew to Monte Aureo.

paragraph: The desire to remain a hermit himself led Antoninus to convince Catellus to return to his see. Antoninus retired to Monte Aureo himself and lived in a natural grotto. However, Catellus again decided to withdraw to this mountain and dedicate himself only sporadically to the cares of his diocese.

paragraph: An apparition of Saint Michael is said to have convinced the two to construct the stone church now known as Monte San Angelo or Punta San Michele.

paragraph: Subsequently, Catellus was accused of witchcraft by a priest named Tibeius (Tibeio) of Stabia and was held captive at Rome until a new pope released him. Catellus returned to Stabia and dedicated himself to expanding the church that he had helped found.

paragraph: Inhabitants of Sorrento, meanwhile, convinced Antoninus to settle at Sorrento. Antoninus became an abbot of the Benedictine monastery of San Agrippino, succeeding Boniface (Bonifacio) in this capacity.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: A miracle attributed to Saint Antoninus states that he saved a young child from a whale after it had been swallowed up by this sea creature. The "sorrentini" erected a crypt and basilica in honor of Antoninus. He was credited with saving the city from many dangers: a Moorish naval invasion; the revolt of the Sorrento leader Giovanni Grillo against Spanish domination; demonic possession; bubonic plague; and cholera.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saints of February 14: Antoninus of Sorrento

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sant' Antonino di Sorrento

description: Italian abbot and saint

wikidata_label: Antoninus of Sorrento

wikipedia_title: Antoninus of Sorrento


text: architect

text: preservationist

text: restoration

text: Dormition Cathedral

text: Moscow Kremlin

text: Novodevichy Convent

text: Art Nouveau

text: Kuznetsky Most

text: Moscow

text: eclectic

text: Russian Revival

text: Lipetsk

text: Alexander Kaminsky

text: Konstantin Bykovsky

text: Devichye Pole

text: August Weber

text: Polytechnical Museum

text: Art Nouveau

text: Vienna Secession

text: Illarion Ivanov-Schitz

text: Otto Wagner

text: Hotel Metropol

text: majolica

text: mosaic

text: Nikolay Sapunov

text: Mir Iskusstva

text: Maxim Gorky

text: Moscow Art Theater

text: eclectics

text: Russian Revival

text: Abramtsevo

text: Russian Revolution of 1905

text: Art Nouveau

text: Saint Petersburg

text: Ivan Fydorov

text: Sergei Volnukhin

text: Dmitrov

text: Borovsk

text: Sukharev Tower

text: St.Basil Cathedral

text: Tverskaya Street

text: Russian Revolution of 1917

text: Bolshevik

text: Nikolay Andreyev

text: Aleksandr Ostrovsky

text: Maly Theater

text: Pashkov House

text: Hero of Socialist Labor

text: Novodevichy Cemetery

text: UNESCO

text: almshouse

text: Klin

text: Kuznetsky Most

text: Novodevichy Cemetery

text: Polytechnical Museum

text: Ivan Fyodorov

text: Aleksandr Ostrovsky

text: Novodevichy Convent

text: Pafnutiev Monastery

text: Borovsk

text: Dmitrov

text: Zyuzino

text: Cathedral of the Dormition

text: Moscow Kremlin

text: illustrated bio

categories: Russian architects,People from Dobrovsky District,Neoclassical architects,1945 deaths,People from Tambov Governorate,1867 births,Art Nouveau architects

paragraph: Ivan Mashkov

paragraph: Ivan Pavlovich Mashkov (, January 13,1867 – 1945) was a Russian architect and preservationist, notable for surveying and restoration of Dormition Cathedral of Moscow Kremlin, Novodevichy Convent and other medieval buildings. His best known extant building is "Sokol" (Falcon) luxury Art Nouveau apartment building in Kuznetsky Most Street, Moscow. A prolific architect, Mashkov built mostly eclectic buildings with Russian Revival features.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Education and early career.

paragraph: Ivan Mikhailovich Sokolov (Иван Михайлович Евдокимов), son of a village blacksmith, lost both his parents in early childhood. He was adopted by Pavel Karpovich Mashkov, a Lipetsk businessman, and his wife, Natalya Yefimovna (née Andreyeva), thus acquiring the name of Mashkov. Natalya's brother, Alexey Yefimovich Andreev, was a town architect in Lipetsk.

paragraph: In 1881, Ivan was admitted to Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. He graduated Alexander Kaminsky class of architecture with an honorary medal and a construction license in 1886 at the age of 19 – an exceptionally quick education by any standard (normally, it would take 10 to 15 years from admissions to professional license).

paragraph: In 1885–1888, Mashkov assisted Konstantin Bykovsky on Devichye Pole campus planning and August Weber on the completion of Polytechnical Museum in Moscow. In 1889–1890 he visited Lipetsk and completed there two schools, a hospital and a prison chapel – at the age of 23. Back in Moscow, Mashkov completed over a dozen buildings still in his twenties, and his masterpiece – the "Sokol" – at the age of 36.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Sokol Building.

paragraph: Mashkov's "Sokol" (Falcon) building is unique not only for his career, but to Moscow Art Nouveau in general. It is the only building in the city designed in original Vienna Secession style (see Illarion Ivanov-Schitz for a modified version of Secession). Its gilded roof and abundant forged iron ornaments looked like a citation from Otto Wagner (these ornaments were eventually lost). At the same time, the building is definitely Muscovite; the shape of its frieze repeats the lines of nearby Hotel Metropol.

paragraph: The majolica mosaic of a falcon flying over a stormy sea was made by Nikolay Sapunov (of Mir Iskusstva art group). The subject of this picture itself is a double citation – from Maxim Gorky's "Song of a falcon" (1899) and from nearby Moscow Art Theater's "Seagull" symbol (1903). However, the building has nothing to do with these symbols or with Mashkov's natural name – it was named after "M.V. Sokol", the owner.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Neoclassical revival.

paragraph: Mashkov's work prior to "Sokol" belongs to traditional muscovite eclectics and moderate Russian Revival of 1880s-1890s, and does not stand out among hundreds of similar buildings of this period. An unusually large share of his work was built for public charities, which ruled out expensive decorations and interiors. The only decoration he allowed was Abramtsevo majolica.

paragraph: After the Russian Revolution of 1905, the public lost the interest in Art Nouveau; architects responded with a revival of Neoclassicism. Mashkov completed two private buildings (Tverskoy Pawn Shop and Eggert Apartments) in a stern, Saint Petersburg version of this style. In 1912-1913, he built his last major project - psychiatric hospital in Poteshnaya Street (now, Gannushkin Hospital). These buildings didn't make architectural landmarks; Mashkov, however, did make a lasting statement with his iconic monument to Ivan Fydorov (sculpture by Sergei Volnukhin).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Preservation and public activities.

paragraph: Like many contemporary architects, Mashkov was keen on studying and preserving historical national architecture, and in 1898 joined the Moscow Archaeological Society. He surveyed many historical churches and monasteries in Moscow, Dmitrov, Borovsk etc., published his own studies and edited the journal of Society. Mashkov supervised restoration of Kremlin cathedrals, Sukharev Tower, St.Basil Cathedral and other memorial buildings. In 1908-1918, he also co-chaired Moscow Architectural Society and contributed to the construction of House of Architects (17, Yermolayevsky Lane, currently Museum of Modern Art). In 1908-1933, he managed the Architectural Department of Polytechnical Museum, the forerunner of present-day Museum of Architecture. He is credited with editing the best guide to architecture of Moscow (1913).

paragraph: Despite his reputation as preservationist and archaeologist, Mashkov joined the emerging skyscraper movement in 1913, and proposed a 13-story highrise on Tverskaya Street. The City Hall blocked this proposal and banned further highrise construction in the center of Moscow.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Soviet period.

paragraph: At the time of Russian Revolution of 1917, Mashkov was employed by the City of Moscow as deputy to City Architect. Bolshevik administration retained him in his office, and for some time Mashkov acted as the City Architect, engaged mostly in maintenance of the city in the middle of a civil war.

paragraph: In 1929, Mashkov and sculptor Nikolay Andreyev erected the neoclassical monument to Aleksandr Ostrovsky near Maly Theater. Mashkov continued surveying memorial buildings (some of them already scheduled for demolition) and headed the restoration of Pashkov House (then known as Rumyantsev Museum, later Lenin Library and Russian State Library). He took no part in architectural disputes of 1920s, but was present in professional journals and wrote college textbooks (1935).

paragraph: In 1934, Mashkov became a professor in Moscow Architectural Institute; since 1935 he chaired the department of architecture of Moscow Construction Institute. In 1937, he was awarded the title of "Hero of Labor" (1927 statute, predecessor of 1938 Hero of Socialist Labor title). Mashkov remained well established in Soviet academic circles until his death and was buried with honors at Novodevichy Cemetery; his book on Novodevichy Convent was reissued posthumously in 1949.

paragraph: Section::::Buildings.

paragraph: Section::::Buildings.:Own design (extant buildings and monuments).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1890-1891 Rebuilding of Suchkova Estate, 15/28 Bolshoy Levshinsky Lane (now, UNESCO mission)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1899-1902 Public housing and almshouses, 6 and 10, Gospitalnaya Square

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1899-1903 Public housing and almshouse, 19 Protopopovsky Lane

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1900-1902 Mental asylum and almshouse, 16 Leningradsky Prospect

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1902 - 3, Lopukhinsky Lane

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1903 - 13, Mansurovsky Lane

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1902-1904 - Cathedral of Trinity and St. Alexander Nevsky Convent in Akatovo, Klin district (demolished in part)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1903-1904 - Sokol Apartment Building, 3 Kuznetsky Most Street

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1904 - Novodevichy Cemetery wall

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1904 - 8, Second Boyevskaya Street

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1904 - 60/2, Bolshaya Polyanka Street

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1904-1907 - Polytechnical Museum expansion (Left Wing, Auditorium)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1905-1906 - 21, Leontyevsky Lane

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1909 - monument to Ivan Fyodorov

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1910 - School, 28 Vyatskaya Street

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1912 - Tverskoy Pawn Shop, 23 Bolshaya Bronnaya Street

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1912-1913 Gannushkin Psychiatric Hospital

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1914 - Eggert Apartments, 4, Rossolimo Street

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929 - monument to Aleksandr Ostrovsky

paragraph: Section::::Buildings.:Restoration.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1899 - Church of St. George "v Pushkariakh", Moscow (demolished 1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1905-1945 - Smolensky Cathedral of Novodevichy Convent

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1890s - Pafnutiev Monastery in Borovsk

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1890s - Cathedral in Borisoglebsky Monastery, Dmitrov

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1908 - Zyuzino church in Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1911-1915 - Cathedral of the Dormition in Moscow Kremlin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925-1927 - of Russian State Library

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russian: Нащокина М. В. Архитекторы московского модерна М., Жираф, 2005, ("Maria Naschokina". All dates are referenced to pp. 330–338 of this edition)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russian: Нащокина М. В. Московский модерн. М., изд. Жираф, 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russian: Brandenburg and Tatarzhinskaya, "Serving the Russian Art" illustrated bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russian: Sokol Building, phorographs, floorplan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russian: History of UNESCO headquarters in Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russian: Genealogy of Mashkovs by Tatiana Shakhbazova

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russian: Zyuzino Estate, official site of South-Western Okrug

description: Russian architect

wikidata_label: Ivan Mashkov

wikipedia_title: Ivan Mashkov


text:
Minsk
Donetsk
Ukrainian
footballer
forward
Shakhtar Donetsk
Player of the year award
Ukraine
Oleg Blohin
Igor Belanov
Soviet Top League
Soviet Cup

categories: Sportspeople from Minsk,1949 births,Soviet footballers,Deaths from pneumonia,FC Vorskla Poltava players,Ukrainian footballers,Association football forwards,FC Shakhtar Donetsk players,2000 deaths,Soviet Top League players

image: 512px-Зірка_Віталія_Старухіна_на_Алеї_Слави_Шахтаря.jpeg

paragraph: Vitaliy Starukhin

paragraph: Vitaliy Vladimirovich Starukhin (; born 6 June 1949 in Minsk; died 9 August 2000 in Donetsk of pneumonia) was a Ukrainian professional footballer who played as a forward. He is considered by many fans to one be the greatest players to ever play for Shakhtar Donetsk.

paragraph: In 1979, he was awarded Player of the year award. In 1979 Starukhin played couple of games for Ukraine at the Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR.

paragraph: In 2011 Vitaly Starukhin, together with Oleg Blohin and Igor Belanov was named as "the legends of Ukrainian football" at the Victory of Football awards.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soviet Top League top scorer: 1979 (26 goals).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soviet Top League runner-up: 1975, 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soviet Top League bronze: 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soviet Cup winner: 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soviet Footballer of the Year: 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Best rookie player: 1973.

description: Soviet footballer

wikidata_label: Vitaliy Starukhin

wikipedia_title: Vitaliy Starukhin


text: medium

text: paranormal

text: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

text: Harry Houdini

text: Boston

text: Princeton, Ontario

text: Canada

text: Dorchester, Massachusetts

text: appendicitis

text: First World War

text: séance

text: Scientific American

text: telekinetic

text: scientific control

text: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

text: William McDougall

text: Harry Houdini

text: Walter Franklin Prince

text: Daniel Frost Comstock

text: Technicolor

text: Hereward Carrington

text: Eusapia Palladino

text: J. Malcolm Bird

text: bell

text: Harry Houdini

text: ruler

text: William Lindsay Gresham

text: Milbourne Christopher

text: Fred Keating

text: Massimo Polidoro

text: American Society for Psychical Research

text: Walter Franklin Prince

text: paranormal

text: nude

text: J. Malcolm Bird

text: sexual relationship

text: Hereward Carrington

text: mediumship

text: alcoholic

text: Eric Dingwall

text: luminous powder

text: William McDougall

text: Ruth Brandon

text: Fred Keating

text: Joseph Banks Rhine

text: Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology

text: Arthur Conan Doyle

text: Walter Franklin Prince

text: ASPR

text: American Society for Psychical Research

text: Knight Dunlap

text: Henry C. McComas

text: Robert Williams Wood

text: ectoplasm

text: depression

text: trachea

text: spirit

text: John Booth

text: Boston Society for Psychical Research

text: Walter Franklin Prince

text: Massimo Polidoro

text: Walter Franklin Prince

text: Scientific American

text: J. Malcolm Bird

text: ASPR

text: Joseph Banks Rhine

text: Hereward Carrington

text: Ruth Brandon

text: Simeon Edmunds

text: Harry Houdini

text: Larry Sloman

text: Henry C. McComas

text: "Ghosts I Have Talked With"

text: Massimo Polidoro

text: Massimo Polidoro

text: Joseph Rinn

text: Walter Franklin Prince

text: Walter Franklin Prince

text: Joseph Banks Rhine

text: Louisa Rhine

text: J. Malcolm Bird

text: Houdini

categories: American spiritual mediums,Harry Houdini,1888 births,Arthur Conan Doyle,1941 deaths

paragraph: Mina Crandon

paragraph: Mina "Margery" Crandon (1888–November 1, 1941) was a well known psychical medium who claimed that she channeled her dead brother, Walter Stinson. Investigators who studied Crandon concluded that she had no genuine paranormal ability, and others detected in her outright deception. She became well-known as her alleged paranormal skills were touted by Sherlock Holmes author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and were disproved by legendary magician Harry Houdini.

paragraph: She was the wife of a wealthy Boston surgeon and socialite, Dr. Le Roi Goddard Crandon.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born Mina Marguerite Stinson, Crandon grew up on a farm in Princeton, Ontario, Canada, but moved to Boston as a young woman. While working as a secretary of a local church in Boston, she met and married Earl Rand, a grocer. They had one son. She later met Dr. Crandon when she entered a Dorchester, Massachusetts, hospital for an unspecified operation, possibly appendicitis. Dr. Crandon was her surgeon. She and Dr. Crandon crossed paths again later that year when Dr. Crandon served as a lieutenant commander and head of surgical staff in a New England Naval hospital during the First World War and she served as a civilian volunteer ambulance driver who transported casualties to the hospital. Mina sued for divorce from Earl P. Rand in January 1918 and became Dr. Crandon's 3rd wife a few months later. She moved to Dr. Crandon's house at 10 Lime Street, with her son. Dr. Crandon later adopted her son and changed his name to John Crandon.

paragraph: Section::::"Scientific American".

paragraph: Crandon began experimenting with séances as a hobby, possibly to distract her older husband from a morbid obsession with mortality. On July 23, 1924, her name was submitted as a candidate for a prize offered by "Scientific American" magazine to any medium who could demonstrate telekinetic ability under scientific controls. With a doctor as husband, Crandon was well prepared for the challenge, and her charm and lack of interest in personal monetary reward made her seem honest to the public eye. Her séance circles included members of the middle class as well as luminary members of the Boston upper class and Ivy League elite. Famous supporters such as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle gave her significant credibility. She became so popular that her prayers were read by the U.S. Army. The "Scientific American" prize committee consisted of William McDougall, professor of psychology at Harvard; Harry Houdini, the famous professional magician and escape artist; Walter Franklin Prince, American psychical researcher; Dr. Daniel Frost Comstock, who introduced Technicolor to film; and Hereward Carrington, amateur magician, psychical researcher, author, and manager for the Italian medium Eusapia Palladino.

paragraph: Mr. J. Malcolm Bird, an employee of "Scientific American" (not on the Prize Committee) notified Houdini of the possibility that "Margery" might win the prize. Houdini and other prize committee members attended two séances in Boston at Margery (and her husband's) home on July 23 and 24, 1924, and claimed to have observed Crandon's tricks. According to Houdini, Crandon had escaped control and stretched her foot to ring a bell in the séance room. Houdini told the committee about the fraud and gave a practical demonstration; however, Bird in an article for "Scientific American" praised Margery's abilities and newspapers supported Bird's declarations.

paragraph: They visited again on August 23, 1924, for a few days. On the August visit, Houdini exposed the mechanics used during the séance, along with other people involved in creating the noises during the séance. Houdini asked her to wear an apparatus which prevented her from using her legs. The apparatus was a large cabinet-box leaving only her head and hands sticking out. On August 25 with Dr. Comstock and Houdini in a séance Crandon was placed in the cabinet. A box with a bell was placed on a table in front of the cabinet. During the séance the bell made a noise but when the lights were turned on it was revealed the lid of the cabinet-box had been forced open. Houdini claimed Crandon had cheated and had rung the bell herself.

paragraph: There was much disagreement among the committee, and in the end, only Carrington voted in favor of Crandon. However, committee Secretary Malcolm Bird leaked to the press that the committee was leaning toward a positive vote. Incensed, committee member Harry Houdini returned from abroad to submit his dissenting vote. His efforts to discredit Crandon became a part of his stage act, and he reproduced her effects for audiences as well as published a pamphlet that described how she achieved some of her more basic effects.

paragraph: On August 27, the investigator Dr. Comstock asked her to wear a similar device called, a "median control". The device consisted of a box into which Crandon and an investigator would put their feet. Connecting to the box was a board which was locked on top of the knees, preventing withdrawal of the feet. Crandon's hands were held by the investigator and the box with the bell was placed outside the control-box. Crandon agreed to be tested and, because of the strict control, no paranormal phenomena in the séance were observed. Margery did not win the prize money.

paragraph: Section::::"Scientific American".:Ruler incident.

paragraph: During a séance with the cabinet-box, Crandon requested that the sides be closed so she could move her hands freely inside the cabinet. A collapsible ruler was later found in the cabinet, Houdini suggested that Crandon had used the ruler with her neck to ring the bell. In response, Crandon accused Houdini and his assistant Jim Collins of placing the ruler inside the cabinet to discredit her. Houdini and Collins were both questioned about the incident and denied placing the ruler in the cabinet.

paragraph: In 1959, author William Lindsay Gresham accused Collins of placing the ruler and quoted him as saying "I chucked it in the box meself. The Boss told me to do it. He wanted to fix her good". However, doubts have been raised about this statement. Magic historian Milbourne Christopher dismissed the alleged statement as "sheer fiction". According to Christopher the source of the quotation was a rival magician to Houdini, Fred Keating, and is unreliable. In 2003, Massimo Polidoro noted that "the incident remains doubtful to this day."

paragraph: Section::::Investigations.

paragraph: By 1925 due to the investigation of Crandon the American Society for Psychical Research (ASPR) had been taken over by a spiritualist faction. The ASPR championed Crandon and suppressed any reports unfavorable to her. In response, Walter Franklin Prince who was the Society's research officer resigned to establish the Boston Society for Psychical Research. Prince was accused by supporters of Crandon of being biased against paranormal phenomena.

paragraph: Crandon's husband was known for displaying nude photographs of her in her mediumship sessions. Mina Crandon was described as a very beautiful lady whom men found "too attractive for her own good." It was suggested that the psychical investigator J. Malcolm Bird actively conspired with the Crandons in stage-managing the séances in an attempt to have a sexual relationship with Mina. Reports, however, suggest that Mina found Bird repulsive. Instead she had amorous feelings for the psychical researcher Hereward Carrington, with whom she had an affair. Carrington also borrowed money he was unable to repay from Crandon. Critics have written that it is easy to imagine these factors could have biased his judgement regarding her mediumship.

paragraph: Crandon performed many of her séances in the nude, and was reported to throw herself onto the laps of her male sitters. She was also described as an alcoholic. During séances, Eric Dingwall told Crandon to take off her clothes and sit in the nude. Crandon would also sometimes sprinkle luminous powder on her breasts and because of such activities William McDougall and other psychical researchers criticized Dingwall for having improper relations with Crandon.

paragraph: Historian Ruth Brandon has noted that as Bird, Carrington and Dingwall were all personally involved with Crandon, they were biased and unreliable witnesses. Magician Fred Keating who had observed Crandon at her house suggested Carrington pretended some of her phenomena baffled him in an attempt to get financial backing for his own psychical laboratory.

paragraph: A review by the father of modern parapsychology, Dr. Joseph Banks Rhine, lent further insight into Crandon's performances. Dr. Rhine was able to observe some of her trickery in the dark when she used luminous objects. Rhine claimed to have observed Crandon committing fraud in a séance in 1926. According to Rhine, during the séance she was free from control and kicked a megaphone to give the impression it was levitating.

paragraph: Rhine's report documenting the fraud was refused by the ASPR, so he published it in the "Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology". In response, defenders of Crandon attacked Rhine. Arthur Conan Doyle published an article in a Boston newspaper claiming "J. B. Rhine is an Ass."

paragraph: Crandon continued to conduct séances and the English teacher, Grant Code, became a frequent visitor to the Crandon home and was enthralled by Crandon's later performances. Ultimately, he too was able to duplicate them. Code's exchange of letters with psychic investigator Walter Franklin Prince regarding Margery is currently held in the archives of the ASPR.

paragraph: An elaborate investigation was held by a committee of Harvard scholars. Finally, the Harvard committee also pronounced Crandon as fraudulent. On 30 June 1925, one of the Harvard investigators saw Crandon draw three objects from her lap. One object was shaped like a glove or flat hand, one resembled a baby's hand, and the third was described but not identified.

paragraph: The American Society for Psychical Research wanted further investigation. In 1926, a committee of three professors (Knight Dunlap, Henry C. McComas and Robert Williams Wood) was sent to Boston. Crandon had a luminous star attached to her forehead, identifying the location of her face in the dark. After a few minutes, a narrow dark rod appeared over a luminous checkerboard which had been placed on the table opposite Crandon. It moved from side to side and picked up an object. As it passed in front of Wood he lightly touched it with the tip of his finger and followed it back to a point very near Crandon's mouth. Wood thought it probable she was holding the rod by her teeth. He took hold of the tip and very quietly pinched it. It felt like a knitting needle covered with one or two layers of soft leather. Though the committee had been warned that touching the ectoplasm could result in the illness or death of the medium, neither Crandon nor the "ectoplasm" rod showed any reaction to Wood's actions. At the end of the sitting, Wood dictated his actions to the stenographer. Upon hearing this, Crandon gave a shriek and fainted. She was carried out of the room and the committee was asked to depart. Wood was never invited again.

paragraph: The committee that consisted of Dunlap, McComas and Wood considered the phenomena to be fraudulent. They concluded that the rod was an animal intestine that had been "stuffed with cotton and stiffened with wire". In 1939, Crandon's husband died and Crandon, an alcoholic, went into a deep depression. At one of her last séances she attempted to jump off the roof of the house.

paragraph: Section::::Fraud.

paragraph: Crandon's "teleplasmic hand" that allegedly appeared in photographs was said to resemble animal tissue and trachea, cut and sewn together. Allegations were made by some conjuring historians of Houdini and mediumship that her surgeon husband had altered her genitalia and this was where she concealed her teleplasmic hand. The "hand" did not move after its appearance on the table before her. It lay still as if it were dead and then supposedly vanished. She refused to wear tights, or to be internally searched, but no proof that Crandon had been surgically altered has ever been published. The "hand" appeared only when Crandon sat next to her husband, who held or controlled her right hand.

paragraph: There are photos of the alleged teleplasmic hand and its position. It appeared to be coming from Crandon's groin. Various members of the audience in the séances touched the hand and described it as dead. It was also suggested that Crandon's husband may have sneaked it into the séance room. The "teleplasmic hand" was later exposed as a trick when biologists examined the hand and found it to be made of a piece of carved animal liver.

paragraph: Crandon used a trick in an attempt to fool psychical researchers that the "spirit" voices in her séances did not come from her own mouth. According to magician John Booth this was performed by Crandon filling her mouth with water before the séance had started and when the lights were turned off, swallowing the water. Before the end of the séance she would refill her mouth with water from a corked test tube. Crandon's reputation was also damaged when a fingerprint left on wax ostensibly by her channeled spirit, her deceased brother, Walter, was discovered to belong to her dentist Frederick Caldwell by a member of the Boston Society for Psychical Research. Her dentist divulged that he had taught her how to make these prints.

paragraph: In 1934, Walter Franklin Prince described the Crandon case as "the most ingenious, persistent, and fantastic complex of fraud in the history of psychic research." Crandon continued to perform until her early death in 1941, at about the age of 53.

paragraph: Italian skeptic investigator Massimo Polidoro has written an entire history of Crandon's mediumship and documented her tricks.

paragraph: Section::::Secret accomplice.

paragraph: In 1933, Walter Franklin Prince wrote an article for the "Scientific American" that claimed J. Malcolm Bird intended to publish a confession in the ASPR in 1930 admitting that an act of fraud had taken place to trick Houdini in 1924. According to Prince the report "has not been printed and very few of the believers in Europe or America know of its existence." Part of Bird's (rejected) report to the ASPR read:

paragraph: Houdini had suspected Bird as an accomplice for Crandon in the "Scientific American" investigation in 1924. Bird resigned from the investigation after Houdini announced on a radio program: "I publicly denounce here Malcolm Bird as being an accomplice of Margery!".

paragraph: Joseph Banks Rhine, who caught Crandon free from control and kicking a megaphone during a séance, wondered why Bird, with three years of experience, did not expose any of her tricks. Rhine suspected that Bird was a confederate of the medium. The psychical researcher William Henry Salter speculated that Crandon's husband may have been an accomplice and that blackmail may have been involved, he also noted that Hereward Carrington admitted to having a several months long affair with Crandon and, although she found Malcolm Bird "disgusting looking", he also claimed to have had a romance with her.

paragraph: Ruth Brandon also suspected Crandon's husband and wrote that he was "colluding with his wife in her frauds."

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simeon Edmunds. (1966). "Spiritualism: A Critical Survey". Aquarian Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carolyn Gray. (2007). "The Elmwood Visitation". Scirocco Drama.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harry Houdini. (1924). "Houdini Exposes the Tricks Used by the Boston Medium "Margery"". Adams Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Jaher (2015). "The Witch of Lime Street: Seance, Seduction, and Houdini in the Spirit World". Crown Publishers

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Kalush, Larry Sloman. (2006). "The Secret Life of Houdini: The Making of America's First Super Hero". Atria Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry C. McComas. (1937). "Ghosts I Have Talked With". Williams and Wilkins Company.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Massimo Polidoro. (2001). "Final Séance: The Strange Friendship Between Houdini and Conan Doyle". Prometheus Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Massimo Polidoro. (2003). "Secrets of the Psychics: Investigating Paranormal Claims". Prometheus Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph Rinn. (1950). "Sixty Years Of Psychical Research: Houdini And I Among The Spiritualists". Truth Seeker.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Tietze. (1973). "Margery". Harper & Row Publishers.

paragraph: Papers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walter Franklin Prince. (1926). "A Review of the Margery Case". American Journal of Psychology 37: 431–441.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walter Franklin Prince. (1933). "The Case Against Margery". Scientific American. Vol. 148, issue 5, pp. 261-263.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph Banks Rhine, Louisa Rhine. (1927). "One Evening's Observations on the Margery Mediumship". Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology 21: 401-421.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Wyman Richardson, J. Malcolm Bird, E. E. Dudley, Josephine L. Richardson. "The Thumbprint and Cross-Correspondence Experiments Made With the Medium Margery During 1927 and 1928". American Society for Psychical Research.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Houdini v. The Blond Witch of Lime Street: A Historical Lesson in Skepticism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mina Crandon & Harry Houdini: The Medium and The Magician

paragraph: BULLET::::- Library of Congress Archives of newspaper articles regarding Houdini and Mina Crandon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Anna Thurlow, great granddaughter of "Margery" - Wild About Harry (Houdini) blog

description: American spiritualist

wikidata_label: Mina Crandon

wikipedia_title: Mina Crandon


text:
Grammy Award
California State University
Death Row Records
Interscope Records
Sony Records
Capitol Records
Universal Music Group
Eminem
Eminem Show
Best Rap Album
http://www.stevebproductions.com
the MixCraft website
https://www.riaa.com/

categories: American audio engineers,American record producers,Living people

paragraph: Steve Baughman

paragraph: Steve Baughman "Steve B" is a Grammy Award Winning music producer / engineer / mixer.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He graduated from California State University, Chico in 1995 with a BA in Music and Recording Arts.

paragraph: As an independent recording engineer working for Death Row Records, Interscope Records, Sony Records, Capitol Records, Universal Music Group and many others. Michael Jackson, The Pussycat Dolls, Usher, 50 Cent, Destiny's Child, Pink, Dr. Dre, Eminem, Jimmy Iovine and Snoop Dogg are just a handful of the top-selling artists that Steve B has worked with.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Platinum records.

paragraph: Steve has worked on platinum records like Eminem's 2002 Eminem Show, which was nominated for multiple Grammy’s and won in the category of Best Rap Album.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Recording studio.

paragraph: In 2004, Steve opened his own personal recording studio, servicing multi-platinum artists and up-and-coming talent. In 2007, Steve was hired by multi-billionaire Dr. Henry Nicholas to help form a new record label Level 7. As a staff A&R/producer/mixer, he was responsible for handling existing talent and bringing new talent into the system. Currently Steve is developing MyAppDeck and providing Aderra with his extensive contacts in the Music Industry. In addition Steve was recently named Head of US Operations for RTG Ventures, a music-centric internet company based out of the UK.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Lecturer.

paragraph: Steve also lectures at eminent Music Institutes around the world under the http://www.stevebproductions.com brand on music production, music engineering, mixing and the music business. 50 Cent is quoted on the MixCraft website as saying: "Check out my man Steve B's MixCraft. If you wanna be the best you got to learn from the best."

paragraph: Section::::Collaborators.

paragraph: Steve continues to work with Dr. Dre, Cee-Lo, Cool&Dre, Timbaland, Scott Storch, J.R. Rotem, Prince, Dave Matthews, Cold Play, Mary J. Blige, Jimmy Jam And Terry Lewis and many more. Steve's credits are documented on http://www.discogs.com/artist/Steve+Baughman#p=1&t=Credits_All.

paragraph: Section::::Albums.

paragraph: Steve B's Platinum Albums are documented on the https://www.riaa.com/ website and include albums such as:

description: American record producer

wikidata_label: Steve Baughman

wikipedia_title: Steve Baughman


text: French

text: Roman Catholic cardinal

text: house of Amboise

text: Charles VII

text: Louis XI

text: Rome

text: Charles

text: Île-de-France

text: Champagne

text: Burgundy

text: family castle

text: Chaumont-sur-Loire

text: bishopric of Montauban

text: almoner

text: Louis, duc d'Orléans

text: Corbeil

text: archbishopric of Narbonne

text: Rouen

text: Normandy

text: Louis XII

text: Anne de Bretagne

text: Italy

text: Étienne de Vesc

text: Pope Alexander VI

text: Ludovico Sforza

text: duchy of Milan

text: plague

text: famine

text: Rouen Cathedral

text: butter

text: Pope Alexander VI

text: papal conclave, September 1503

text: Pius III

text: Julius II

text: Comtat Venaissin

text: Treaty of Blois

text: League of Cambrai

text: Venice

text: Lyon

text: gout

text: Château de Gaillon

text: Amboise

text: château

text: Louis d'Amboise

text: Georges II d'Amboise

categories: 1460 births,Burials at Rouen Cathedral,16th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Bishops of Montauban,15th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Archbishops of Rouen,People from Loir-et-Cher,French cardinals,1510 deaths

paragraph: Georges d'Amboise

paragraph: Georges d'Amboise (1460 – May 25, 1510) was a French Roman Catholic cardinal and minister of state. He belonged to the house of Amboise, a noble family possessed of considerable influence: of his nine brothers, four were bishops. His father, Pierre d'Amboise, seigneur de Chaumont, was chamberlain to Charles VII and Louis XI and ambassador at Rome. Georges' eldest brother, Charles, was governor of the Île-de-France, Champagne and Burgundy, and councillor of Louis XI.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early years.

paragraph: Georges d'Amboise was born at the family castle in Chaumont-sur-Loire.

paragraph: He was only fourteen when his father procured for him the bishopric of Montauban, and Louis XI appointed him one of his almoners. On arriving at manhood d'Amboise attached himself to the party of Louis, duc d'Orléans, in whose cause he suffered imprisonment at Corbeil, and on whose return to the royal favor he was elevated to the archbishopric of Narbonne, (June 18, 1482) in which the pope refused to confirm him; after some time he changed his see for that of Rouen (1493). On the appointment of Orléans as governor of Normandy, d'Amboise became his lieutenant-general.

paragraph: In 1498 the duc d'Orléans mounted the throne as Louis XII, and d'Amboise was suddenly raised to the high position of cardinal (September 17, 1498) and prime minister. In December 1498, he obtained, for reasons of state, the annulment of the marriage of the king to Jeanne de Valois; the king married Anne de Bretagne, widow of the king, in January 1499.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Italian Wars.

paragraph: His foreign policy was animated by the aim of increasing French power in Italy by the conquest of the Milanese territories, in which he can be seen as the continuator of the policies of Étienne de Vesc. On 9 February 1499, he signed a treaty with Venice to which Pope Alexander VI adhered. He accompanied Louis and entered with him into Milan 6 October 1499; he was charged with organizing that province under French control, then returned to France in November. After the revolt of March 1500 in favor of Ludovico Sforza, the cardinal was appointed lieutenant general; he retook the duchy of Milan and sent Sforza to France as a prisoner. He made a triumphal entrance into Lyon on 23 June and received from Louis XII the countship of Lomello. The Cardinal returned to Italy at the beginning of 1501 for the attempted conquest of Naples; he went to Trent as ambassador in October 1501.

paragraph: His administration in France was, in many respects, well-intentioned and useful. Having the good fortune to serve a king who was both economical and just, he was able to diminish the imposts, to introduce order among the soldiery, and above all, by the ordinances of 1499, to improve the organization of justice. He was also zealous for the reform of the church, and particularly for the reform of the monasteries; and it is greatly to his credit that he did not avail himself of the extremely favorable opportunities he possessed of becoming a pluralist.

paragraph: He regularly spent a large income in charity, and he labored strenuously to stay the progress of the plague and famine which broke out in 1504.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Construction of the Butter Tower.

paragraph: The "Butter Tower" of Rouen Cathedral was erected in the early 16th century. d'Amboise had authorised the burning of butter instead of oil, which was scarce, in lamps during Lent, collecting monies of "six deniers Tournois" from each diocesan for this permission.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Aspirations for the Papacy.

paragraph: On the death of Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503) he aspired to the papacy during the papal conclave, September 1503. He had French troops at the gates of Rome, by means of which he could easily have frightened the conclave and induced them to elect him; but he was persuaded to trust to his influence; the troops were dismissed, and an Italian was appointed as Pius III (1503); and again, on the death of Pius within the month, another Italian, Julius II (1503–13), was chosen.

paragraph: Cardinal d'Amboise received as compensation the title of papal legate for life in France and in the Comtat Venaissin.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:League of Cambrai.

paragraph: He was one of the negotiators of the disastrous Treaty of Blois (1504), and in 1508 of the League of Cambrai against Venice. In 1509 he again accompanied Louis XII into Italy, but on his return he was seized at the city of Lyon with a fatal attack of gout in the stomach. He died there on the 25th of May 1510. His body was removed to Rouen; and a magnificent tomb, on which he is represented kneeling in the attitude of prayer, was erected to his memory in the cathedral of that town. Throughout his life he was an enlightened patron of letters and art, and it was at his orders that the Château de Gaillon near Rouen was built.

paragraph: The town of Amboise owes much of its importance to the renown of Georges d'Amboise, whose forebears, however, forfeited the château whence they derived their name.

paragraph: His nephews Louis d'Amboise, Georges II d'Amboise and François Guillaume de Castelanu de Clermont-Ludéve were also made cardinals.

paragraph: Section::::Popular culture.

paragraph: His capacity as an administrator was such that he is believed to be the original "George" of the catchphrase "Let George do it". The proverb apparently first appears in French in the mid-17th century.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Georges d'Amboise

description: Cardinal and minister of state

wikidata_label: Georges d'Amboise

wikipedia_title: Georges d'Amboise


text:
American football
cornerback
college football
Central Michigan University
Catholic Central High School
Grand Rapids, Michigan
Miami Dolphins
Winnipeg Blue Bombers
Dallas Cowboys
Kansas City Chiefs
Toronto Argonauts
high school football
Catholic Central High School
letterman
wide receiver
running back
varsity
Central Michigan Chippewas
MAC
redshirted
2011 NFL Draft
Miami Dolphins
Winnipeg Blue Bombers
Dallas Cowboys
2012 season
Kansas City Chiefs
Toronto Argonauts
2014 season
Just Sports Stats
College stats

categories: Winnipeg Blue Bombers players,Kansas City Chiefs players,American football cornerbacks,African-American players of American football,1987 births,Dallas Cowboys players,Toronto Argonauts players,Canadian football defensive backs,Miami Dolphins players,African-American players of Canadian football,Central Michigan Chippewas football players,Living people,Players of American football from Michigan

paragraph: Vince Agnew

paragraph: Vincent Shonte Agnew (born December 28, 1987) is an American football cornerback who is a free agent. He played college football at Central Michigan University and attended Catholic Central High School in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He has been a member of the Miami Dolphins, Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Dallas Cowboys, Kansas City Chiefs and Toronto Argonauts.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Agnew played high school football at Catholic Central High School. He was a three-year starter and letterman as a cornerback and wide receiver. He also spent time at running back. He earned first team all-state first team honors his senior year after totaling 1,425 all-purpose yards, thirteen touchdowns and eleven interceptions. Catholic Central had a 12-2 record his senior season in 2005 and finished as the runner-up in the state. Agnew was also a four-year letterman in varsity track and field, setting the school record in the 100 and in long jump. He also lettered twice in basketball.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Agnew played in 47 games for the Central Michigan Chippewas from 2007 to 2010, recording 161 tackles, five tackles for loss, one interception, 14 passes defensed, one forced fumble, one fumble recovery and three blocked kicks. He garnered Third Team All-MAC accolades his senior year. He redshirted in 2006. Agnew majored in journalism at Central Michigan.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Agnew was rated the 35th best cornerback in the 2011 NFL Draft by NFLDraftScout.com.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Miami Dolphins.

paragraph: Agnew signed with the Miami Dolphins on July 28, 2011, after going undrafted in the 2011 NFL Draft. He was released by the Dolphins on September 3 and signed to the team's practice squad on September 4, 2011. He was released by the Dolphins on September 14 and re-signed to the team's practice squad on October 5, 2011. Agnew was released by the Dolphins on October 25 and signed to the team's practice squad on November 8, 2011. He signed a future contract with the Dolphins on January 30, 2012. He was released by the team on August 31, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Winnipeg Blue Bombers.

paragraph: Agnew was signed to the Winnipeg Blue Bombers' practice roster on October 10, 2012. He was released by the Blue Bombers on October 14, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Dallas Cowboys.

paragraph: Agnew was signed to the Dallas Cowboys' practice squad on October 16, 2012. He was promoted to the active roster on November 10, 2012. He played in four games for the Cowboys during the 2012 season. Agnew was released by the Cowboys on December 11, 2012 and signed to the team's practice squad on December 13, 2012. He signed a future contract with the Cowboys on December 31, 2012. He was released by the team on March 4, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Kansas City Chiefs.

paragraph: Agnew signed with the Kansas City Chiefs on June 6, 2013. He was released by the Chiefs on August 25, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Toronto Argonauts.

paragraph: Agnew was signed by the Toronto Argonauts on March 11, 2014. He played in sixteen games, starting ten, for the team in 2014. He recorded 31 defensive tackles, 14 special teams tackles and four sacks during the 2014 season. Agnew played in fourteen games for the Argonauts in 2015, accumulating 21 defensive tackles and eight special teams tackles.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Agnew held his first Swagnew Game Breakers Football Camp in July 2013.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Just Sports Stats

paragraph: BULLET::::- College stats

description: American-football player (1987-)

wikidata_label: Vince Agnew

wikipedia_title: Vince Agnew


text: Tsarist Russia

text: trombone

text: Russian Imperial Opera Orchestra

text: Vassily Andreev

text: mandolin

text: Luigi Embergher

text: Avi Avital

text: Joseph Brent

text: Luigi Embergher

text: Liuto cantabile

text: mandola

text: Mariinsky Theatre Orchestra

text: Vasily Andreyev

text: Carlo Graziani-Walter

text: Gounod

text: Pietro Bozzolo

text: Michel Fokine

text: Anna Pavlova

text: domra

text: Ernesto Köhler

text: J.H. Zimmermann

text: Riccardo Drigo

text: Familysearch.org

text: The Russian Emberghers

text: Luigi Embergher

text: Pietro Bozzolo on amati.com

categories: Italian expatriates in Russia,People from Saint Petersburg,19th-century Italian musicians,Imperial Russian musicians,Italian musicians,Italian trombonists,Italian mandolinists,20th-century Italian people,People from Naples,1852 births,19th-century Italian people,20th-century Italian musicians,Imperial Russian inventors,Year of death missing

paragraph: Ginislao Paris

paragraph: Ginislao Paris (1852-after 1917) was an Italian composer and musician in Tsarist Russia who played trombone with the Russian Imperial Opera Orchestra in St. Petersburg. He also played mandolin, founding the first mandolin orchestra in Russia, "The society of amateur Mandolinists and Guitarists" in the 1880s. That orchestra was important because it inspired Vassily Andreev, to form the first orchestra based on Russian instruments.

paragraph: Paris invented a specialized mandolin which was named for him ("Sistema Ginislao Paris") and built by the workshops of Luigi Embergher. The Paris Ginislao mandolins feature a double top (a second hollow space within the instrument, created by a false back between the soundboard and the instrument's back). The double top is a feature that mandolin makers are now experimenting with in the 21st century, to get better sound. Mandolinists such as Avi Avital and Joseph Brent use them, and they are custom instruments, today.

paragraph: In 1905, Roman luthier Luigi Embergher made several mandolin family instruments based on Ginislao Paris' own design, featuring double top and special bracing system. Only four instruments of “Sistema Ginislao Paris” forming the mandolin family quartet are known presently. One is an Embergher Artistico mandolin model No. 8, held in the Theatre Museum of St Petersburg. Another is a Liuto cantabile (known as the Russian Embergher) of model 5 bis, another mandolin No.5 bis and a mandola model 5 bis, held in private collections.

paragraph: Section::::Ginislao Paris' history.

paragraph: Ginislao Paris was born Ginislao Cesare Antonio Paris in Naples, 15 March 1852. In Russian he was known as Джинислао Францевич Парис (Djenislav Frantzevich).

paragraph: From 1868 to 1872 Paris served as a volunteer in Italian military forces. He began his career as a trombonist in the orchestra of the Russian Imperial Opera in St. Petersburg at the Mariinsky Theatre Orchestra on 1 January 1876. He married Maria Alexandrovna Strasser in St. Petersburg in 1879. They had daughters: Violetta-Tamara (b.1882) and Margherita (b.1893). In the 1880's Ginislao Paris led the Society of Amateur Mandolinists and Guitarists of St. Petersburg (Circolo), which eventually became the first mandolin orchestra in Russia. According to Flaviy Sokolov's book, Vasily Andreyev was inspired by the Ginislao Paris orchestra to turn from his solo balalaika performances to creation of a full orchestra of Russian folk instruments.

paragraph: Carlo Graziani-Walter, noted Italian mandolinist and composer of his time dedicated his rendition of Rimembranze from Gounod’s Faust for mandolin to Ginislao Paris. The dedication says "All’ Egregio Signor Ginislao Paris, Professore nei Teatri Imperiali, Maestro Direttore del Circolo Mandolinisti di Benificenza a Pietroburgo" ("To Mr. Ginislao Paris, Professor at the Imperial Theaters, Master Director of the Benedictine Mandolinist Circle in Petersburg"). Along with violin maker Pietro Bozzolo (1840-1907), Paris was a member of the Revisionary Commission of the Italian Charitable Society of St. Petersburg. Proceeds from the concerts were given to that charity. Russian (and later American) ballet dancer Michel Fokine, Anna Pavlova's friend and colleague, in his memoirs recalls playing mandolin in Ginislao Paris' ensemble and later joining Andreyev's Russian orchestra on domra before giving up playing on stage in favour of his ballet career.

paragraph: Ginislao Paris played in the same orchestra with another Italian, flautist Ernesto Köhler, who also played mandolin and wrote the first mandolin method book in Russia, (First edition published by J.H. Zimmermannin 1887). He was probably also involved in Ginislao Paris circolo. According to the Imperial Theatres director Telyakovski's diaries, together with Riccardo Drigo, Ginislao Paris wrote music to "Son Uslady" (The Dream of Uslada) performed in January 1903.

paragraph: Ginislao Paris became a Russian citizen in 1899. He retired from the Orchestra in 1900 for health reasons and was granted special merits pension by imperial decree. All Petersburg reference book continued to list Ginislao Paris details until 1917. His further whereabouts and death details are unknown.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russian Genealogical Forum, Ginislao Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- Familysearch.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Russian Emberghers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luigi Embergher

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ginislao Paris and the Mandolin History in Russia Blog

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pietro Bozzolo on amati.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernesto Kohler's Mandolin Method, 5th Russian Edition (Electronic document from the Russian State Library)

paragraph: BULLET::::- St.Petersburg State Museum of Theatre and Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- Итальянское благотворительное общество в С-Петербурге.

wikidata_label: Ginislao Paris

wikipedia_title: Ginislao Paris


text:
stage name
actress
singer
Hutchinson, Kansas
Kansas City, Missouri
Cecil Lean
Chicago
The Military Girl
Ziegfeld Theatre
civil ceremony
romantic relationship
heart attack
Manhattan
Broadway
London
musicals
The Man with Three Wives
The Blue Paradise
Miss 1917
Look Who's Here
The Blushing Bride
Innocent Eyes
No, No, Nanette
Detroit
comedy
Right Next to Broadway
cancer
New York City
Ansonia Hotel

categories: 1898 births,20th-century American actresses,Vaudeville performers,Burials at Kensico Cemetery,Musicians from Kansas City, Kansas,American musical theatre actresses,1954 deaths,American stage actresses,20th-century American singers,People from Hutchinson, Kansas,Actresses from Kansas City, Kansas,Singers from Kansas,20th-century American women singers

paragraph: Cleo Mayfield

paragraph: Cleo Empey (August 6, 1898 – November 8, 1954), better known by the stage name Cleo Mayfield, was an American actress and singer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mayfield was born on August 6, 1898, as Cleo Empey, the youngest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Clarence B. Empey in Hutchinson, Kansas. As a child, she attended the North Side school in Hutchinson, before moving with her family to Kansas City, Missouri at the age of twelve.

paragraph: Mayfield first met Cecil Lean in Chicago in 1912, during the production of "The Military Girl" at the Ziegfeld Theatre. By 1913, she had assumed the stage name Cleo Mayfield. For the remainder of Lean's career, the two would frequently appear together in theatrical productions. In February 1914, Mayfield married Cecil Lean in a civil ceremony in Chicago. Prior to their marriage, Mayfield and Lean had been in a romantic relationship for over two years that only a few of their closest friends knew about. In July 1935, in the presence of Mayfield, Lean collapsed and died of an apparent heart attack in Manhattan.

paragraph: Over the course of her career, Mayfield made numerous appearances on Broadway stages and toured widely—as far afield as London—in a variety of musicals. Her Broadway appearances include productions of: "The Man with Three Wives", "The Blue Paradise", "Miss 1917", "Look Who's Here", "The Blushing Bride", and "Innocent Eyes". Her notable theatrical appearances away from Broadway include the touring production of No, No, Nanette that debuted in Detroit in January 1925.

paragraph: Mayfield made her final Broadway appearance in 1944, in a comedy play called "Right Next to Broadway". After a lengthy struggle with cancer, Mayfield died on November 8, 1954, at her residence in New York City at the Ansonia Hotel.

description: American actress

wikidata_label: Cleo Mayfield

wikipedia_title: Cleo Mayfield