text:
fl.
Hittite
queen
Hattusili III
Ancient Near East
Lawazantiya
Kizzuwatna
Cilicia
priest
divinity
Ishtar
priest
goddess
Battle of Kadesh
general
Hapissa
Mursili III
role
court
diplomacy
Ancient Egypt
Egypt
Ramesses II
to marry
Kadashman-Enlil II
Babylonia
princess
Babylon
royal family
daughter
Kudur-Enlil
Ramesses II
king of Babylon
Tudhaliya IV
goddess-queen
legal case
Hittite religion
Maathorneferure
Nefertari
gift
the king of Egypt
God
peace
necklace
gold
shekel
linen
Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree
Arnuwanda III
Queen Puduḫepa

categories: 13th-century BC clergy,Ancient priestesses,Hittite queens,13th-century BC women

paragraph: Puduḫepa

paragraph: Puduḫepa or Pudu-Kheba (fl. 13th century BCE) was a Hittite queen married to the King Hattusili III. She has been referred to as "one of the most influential women known from the Ancient Near East."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and marriage.

paragraph: Puduḫepa was born at the beginning of the 13th century BCE in the city of Lawazantiya in Kizzuwatna (i.e. Cilicia, a region south of the Hittite kingdom). Her father Bentepsharri was the head priest of the tutelary divinity of the city, Ishtar, and Puduḫepa grew up to exercise the function of priestess of this same goddess.

paragraph: On his return from the Battle of Kadesh, the Hittite general Hattusili met Puduḫepa and, it was said, Ishtar instructed him to take her as his wife, decreeing that they would enjoy the 'love of husband and wife.' She went with him then to the kingdom of Hapissa. For Puduḫepa it was an advantageous match. Although Hattusili was most likely much older than her and already had numerous wives and concubines, Puduḫepa became first among his wives. When her spouse successfully rose to the Hittite throne by defeating his nephew Mursili III in a civil war instigated by Hattusili around 1286 BCE, Puduḫepa ascended the throne with him, becoming "tawananna", or queen.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Reign.

paragraph: Puduḫepa had an important role in the Hittite court and international diplomacy of the period. She would appear constantly by the side of her husband as he made his rulings and decisions. It appears, however, that she was portrayed reigning hand in hand with her husband rather than subservient to the king. Puduḫepa had the use of her own seal, controlled the domestic arrangements of the royal palaces, and judged court cases. Blending religion and politics, she reorganized the vast pantheon of Hittite deities.

paragraph: From the royal palace in the newly rebuilt capital city of Hattusa, Puduḫepa used her sons and daughters to ensure Hittite ascendancy and to cement alliances. This was a role that had never been performed by a Hittite queen before.

paragraph: She played an important role in diplomacy with Ancient Egypt. Extensive correspondence bearing Puduḫepa's seal survives, communicating several times with the king of Egypt Ramesses II as he signed a peace treaty with Hattusili, in which Hattusili agrees that two of his daughters should go to Egypt to marry Ramesses.

paragraph: A diplomatic marriage between King Kadashman-Enlil II of Babylonia may have been in the offing with Puduḫepa matchmaking Kadashman-Enlil’s betrothal to one of her daughters.

paragraph: A princess of Babylon was married into the Hittite royal family. This would have been a daughter or sister of King Kudur-Enlil and the news elicited contempt from Ramesses II, who apparently no longer regarded Babylon as politically significant. Puduḫepa replied in a letter, ‘If you say "The king of Babylon is not a Great King," then you do not know the status of Babylon.’

paragraph: After the death of Hattusili, the role of Puduḫepa expanded under the reign of her son Tudhaliya IV, under the title of goddess-queen. She was involved in judicial matters to the point of intervening in legal cases. She was also a priestess who worked on organising and rationalising Hittite religion.

paragraph: Her daughters were Queen Maathorneferure of Egypt and Princess Kiluš-Ḫepa.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Nefertari and Puduḫepa.

paragraph: Queen Nefertari of Egypt sent gifts to Puduḫepa:

paragraph: The great Queen Naptera (Nefertari) of the land of Egypt speaks thus: ʻSpeak to my sister Puduḫepa, the Great Queen of the Hatti land. I, your sister, (also) be well!! May your country be well. Now, I have learned that you, my sister, have written to me asking after my health. You have written to me because of the good friendship and brotherly relationship between your brother, the king of Egypt, The Great and the Storm God will bring about peace, and he will make the brotherly relationship between the Egyptian king, the Great King, and his brother, the Hatti King, the Great King, last for ever... See, I have sent you a gift, in order to greet you, my sister... for your neck (a necklace) of pure gold, composed of 12 bands and weighing 88 shekels, coloured linen maklalu-material, for one royal dress for the king... A total of 12 linen garments.’

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arnuwanda III, grandson of Puduḫepa

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gold, C. (2015). "Women who ruled: History's 50 most remarkable women.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Queen Puduḫepa

description: Hittite queen

wikidata_label: Puduhepa

wikipedia_title: Puduḫepa


href: Paris Goxwiller French%20people Painting philosopher Simone%20de%20Beauvoir Goxwiller Strasbourg feminist http%3A//www.helenedebeauvoir.com/

text:
Paris
Goxwiller
French
painter
philosopher
Simone de Beauvoir
Goxwiller
Strasbourg
feminist
Hélène de Beauvoir site

categories: 20th-century French women artists,Artists from Paris,Simone de Beauvoir,French women's rights activists,French feminists,1910 births,2001 deaths,Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery,French women painters

paragraph: Hélène de Beauvoir

paragraph: Henriette-Hélène de Beauvoir (6 June 1910, Paris – 1 July 2001, Goxwiller) was a French painter. She was the younger sister of philosopher Simone de Beauvoir. Her art was exhibited in Europe, Japan, and the US. She married Lionel de Roulet.

paragraph: When Hélène de Beauvoir lived in Goxwiller, a village near Strasbourg, she became president of the center for battered women. She continued painting until she was 85. Her paintings were related to feminist philosophy and women's issues.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monteil Claudine, "Les Sœurs Beauvoir", Editions no 1, Paris, 2003.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hélène de Beauvoir site

alias:
Helene de Beauvoir
Hélène Bertrand de Beauvoir

description: French painter and the younger sister of philosopher Simone de Beauvoir

wikidata_label: Hélène de Beauvoir

wikipedia_title: Hélène de Beauvoir


text: profile Obituary

categories: Olympic bronze medalists for Bulgaria,Wrestlers at the 1968 Summer Olympics,2003 deaths,People from Burgas,Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics,Wrestlers at the 1964 Summer Olympics,Wrestlers at the 1960 Summer Olympics,Olympic gold medalists for Bulgaria,Bulgarian male sport wrestlers,1936 births,Olympic medalists in wrestling,Olympic wrestlers of Bulgaria,Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Prodan Gardzhev

paragraph: Prodan Stoyanov Gardzhev (, 8 April 1936 – 5 July 2003) was a Bulgarian middleweight freestyle wrestler. He competed at the 1960, 1964 and 1968 Olympics and won a gold medal in 1964 and a bronze in 1968. Gardzhev held the world title in 1963 and 1966 and placed third in 1965.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary

paragraph: br

description: Olympic wrestler

wikidata_label: Prodan Gardzhev

wikipedia_title: Prodan Gardzhev


text:
free jazz
music
Marburg
University of Marburg
double-bass
Free Jazz
Gunter Hampel
Manfred Schoof
Globe Unity Orchestra
Peter Brötzmann
Don Cherry
Alfred Harth
Evan Parker
Alexander von Schlippenbach
Irène Schweizer
John Tchicai
Albert Mangelsdorff
Frankfurt a.M.
Pierre Courbois
MPS
Jacki Liebezeit
Gerd Dudek
FMP
Fred Van Hove
Han Bennink
Sven-Åke Johansson
Evan Parker
Paul Rutherford
Derek Bailey
Irène Schweizer
Peter Kowald
Albert Mangelsdorff
Heinz Sauer
Gerd Dudek
Peter Giger
Michel Pilz
Manfred Niehaus
Bernd Konrad
Willem van Manen
Michael Sell
Theo Jörgensmann
Frank Köllges
Niebergall's FMP releases
Buschi Niebergall Complete Discography

categories: German jazz double-bassists,Globe Unity Orchestra members,20th-century double-bassists,20th-century German musicians,People from Marburg,1990 deaths,1938 births,Male double-bassists,Male jazz musicians,20th-century male musicians,Avant-garde jazz musicians

paragraph: Buschi Niebergall

paragraph: Buschi Niebergall (July 18, 1938 – January 9, 1990) was a German free jazz musician. His given name was Hans-Helmut, and late in life, his friends called him Johannes.

paragraph: Born in the city of Marburg into a family of academics (his father was a professor of theology and temporarily rector of the University of Marburg), Niebergall enrolled in medical school. Playing acoustic guitar, he got in contact with other musicians and quit his studies. As double-bass player Niebergall became co-founder of several of the first and most influential Free Jazz formations of Germany during the mid-1960s. Gunter Hampels quintet "Heartplants" and "Voices" by the Manfred Schoof quintet are two excellent examples of this independent European free jazz development.

paragraph: A founding member of the Globe Unity Orchestra since 1966, Niebergall collaborated with many musicians playing freely improvised music, including Peter Brötzmann, Don Cherry, Alfred Harth, Evan Parker, Alexander von Schlippenbach, Irène Schweizer, John Tchicai. During the early 1970s he played in Albert Mangelsdorff's various quartets and quintets. After 1980 he chose a life in isolation in Frankfurt a.M., with the exception of occasional stints within a "Jazz und Lyrik" project.

paragraph: Section::::Selected discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heartplants" (Gunter Hampel (saxes, b cl, fl, vibes), Manfred Schoof (tp, flh), Alexander von Schlippenbach (p), Niebergall (b), Pierre Courbois (dr) 1964. MPS 10526)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Voices" (Manfred Schoof (tp, cornet); Gerd Dudek (ts); Alexander von Schlippenbach (p); Niebergall (b); Jacki Liebezeit (d) 1966.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Early Quintet" (Manfred Schoof (tp); Gerd Dudek (ts); Alexander von Schlippenbach (p); Buschi Niebergall (b); Jacki Liebezeit (d) 1966. FMP 0540

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Machine Gun" (Peter Brötzmann (ts, bs); Willem Breuker (ts); Evan Parker (ts); Fred Van Hove (p); Peter Kowald (b); Buschi Niebergall (b); Han Bennink (d); Sven-Åke Johansson (d). 1968, FMP 0090

paragraph: BULLET::::- "European Echoes" (Enrico Rava (tp); Manfred Schoof (tp); Hugh Steinmetz (tp); Peter Brötzmann (ts); Gerd Dudek (ts); Evan Parker (ss); Paul Rutherford (tb); Derek Bailey: (g); Fred Van Hove (p); Alexander von Schlippenbach (p); Irène Schweizer (p); Arjen Gorter (b); Peter Kowald (b); Niebergall (b); Han Bennink (d); Pierre Favre (d)June 1969, Bremen. FMP 0010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Birds Of Underground" (Albert Mangelsdorff (tb); Heinz Sauer (as, ts); Gerd Dudek (ts, ss, fl); Buschi Niebergall (b); Peter Giger (d)), 1972, MPS.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Celeste" ( Michel Pilz (bcl), Niebergall (b), Uwe Schmitt (d)) 1978, Trion.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Innovationen für 10 Instrumente" Manfred Niehaus (viola); Bernd Konrad (bcl,cbcl,sax); Willem van Manen (tb); Michael Sell (tp); Hans Peter Jahn (cello); Theo Jörgensmann (cl); Niebergall (b); Georg Strüber (b); Hidegard Butscher (viol); Frank Köllges (dr), 1980 Köln, Misp records 506

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Niebergall's FMP releases

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buschi Niebergall Complete Discography

description: German musician

wikidata_label: Buschi Niebergall

wikipedia_title: Buschi Niebergall


text: Añover de Tajo

text: Spain

text: Madrid, Spain

text: physician

text: botanist

text: Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid

text: Charles III of Spain

text: species

text: South America

text: Echeandia

text: Anthericaceae

text: Maurandya

text: Plantaginaceae

text: Pascalia

text: Asteraceae

text: Sesamoides

text: Resedaceae

text: Gomortega

text: endemic

text: Chile

text: Fellow of the Royal Society

categories: 1741 births,Fellows of the Royal Society,1818 deaths,Economic botanists,Spanish botanists

paragraph: Casimiro Gómez Ortega

paragraph: Casimiro Gómez de Ortega (4 March 1741, in Añover de Tajo, Spain – 30 August 1818, in Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish physician, and botanist who was the First Professor of the Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid. Under Charles III of Spain Gómez de Ortega directed the formation of the Royal Botanical Garden as a place, in particular, to collect and study the new species of plants being identified by European explorers. Gómez de Ortega published extensively on plant species, and on the economic botany of plants collected during Spanish sponsored explorations of South America.

paragraph: He described the genera "Echeandia" (Anthericaceae), "Maurandya" (Plantaginaceae), "Pascalia" (Asteraceae), and "Sesamoides" (Resedaceae).

paragraph: The genus "Gomortega", a tree endemic to Chile, is named after him.

paragraph: He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1777.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Casimiro Gómez Ortega. Polymath Virtual Library, Fundación Ignacio Larramendi

alias:
Casimir Gomez de Ortega
Ortega
Casimiro Gomez Ortega

description: Spanish botanist

wikidata_label: Casimiro Gómez Ortega

wikipedia_title: Casimiro Gómez Ortega


text: general of division

text: Napoleon

text: First French Empire

text: Bolbec

text: Seine-Inférieure

text: French Revolution

text: First French Empire

text: Battle of Austerlitz

text: Battle of Heilsberg

text: Battle of Friedland

text: Marshal Victor

text: I Corps

text: Peninsular War

text: Spain

text: Somosierra

text: Medellin

text: Talavera

text: Battle of Barrosa

text: Paris

categories: 1771 births,People from Bolbec,French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars,1811 deaths,French generals,French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars,French military personnel killed in the Napoleonic Wars,Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe

paragraph: François Amable Ruffin

paragraph: François Amable Ruffin (31 August 1771 – 15 May 1811) was a general of division in Napoleon's First French Empire. He was mortally wounded while leading his troops against the British.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Having been captain of a company of volunteers from Bolbec, he was named commander of the 7th Battalion of Seine-Inférieure on 20 September 1792. He fought in the French Revolution and subsequently in the battles of the First French Empire, seeing action at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805 and the Battle of Heilsberg in 1807. His conduct at the Battle of Friedland in 1807 saw him given the title of "comte de l'Empire" and promoted to general of division ("général de division"), and he took command of Marshal Victor's I Corps.

paragraph: Ruffin joined the Peninsular War, leading I Corps into Spain in September 1808. He served at Somosierra, Ucles, Medellin and Talavera, before commanding one of Victor's divisions at the Battle of Barrosa on 5 March 1811. During the battle for the Barrosa Ridge, Ruffin was shot through the neck, causing him to be paralysed. He was captured by the British army and shipped to England. Although he appeared to be recovering from his wound, he suffered a relapse on the voyage and died aboard the transport "Gorgon" on 15 May.

paragraph: He was buried with full military honours at Portsmouth, and RUFFIN is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.

description: French General

wikidata_label: François Amable Ruffin

wikipedia_title: François Amable Ruffin


text:
Troas
Peripatetic
Strato
Pergamon
Eumenes I
Attalus I
Antiochus
gout
Peripatetic
Hieronymus of Rhodes
Peripatetic
Aristo of Ceos
Theophrastus
Rutilius Lupus
Cicero
Clement of Alexandria
Apuleius

categories: Peripatetic philosophers,3rd-century BC Greek people,290s BC births,3rd-century BC philosophers,Hellenistic-era philosophers from Anatolia

paragraph: Lyco of Troas

paragraph: Lyco of Troas (; "Lykon", "gen".: Λύκωνος; c. 299 – c. 225 BC), son of Astyanax, was a Peripatetic philosopher and the disciple of Strato, whom he succeeded as the head of the Peripatetic school, c. 269 BC; he held that post for more than forty-four years.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He resided at Pergamon, under the patronage of Eumenes I and Attalus I, from whom Antiochus in vain sought to entice him. On several occasions his counsel was of great service to the Athenians. He was celebrated for his eloquence, and for his skill in educating boys. He paid great attention to the body as well as to the mind, and, constantly practising athletic exercises, was exceedingly healthy and robust. Nevertheless, he died of gout at the age of 74. He was a bitter rival of the Peripatetic philosopher Hieronymus of Rhodes. Lyco's most notable student in the Peripatetic school was Aristo of Ceos who may have succeeded him as head of the school.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: Among the writings of Lyco was probably a work "On Characters" (similar to the work of Theophrastus), a fragment of which is preserved by Rutilius Lupus, though the title of the book is not mentioned by any ancient writer. It appears from Cicero and Clement of Alexandria, that he wrote on the boundaries of good and evil (). Apuleius suggests that he wrote a work on the nature of animals.

description: ancient Greek philosopher

wikidata_label: Lyco of Troas

wikipedia_title: Lyco of Troas


text: geographer

text: cartographer

text: Frankfurt am Main

text: Lambeth

text: August Heinrich Petermann

text: naturalised

text: British Subject

text: War Office

text: Royal Statistical

text: Royal Geographical

text: Bedford College

text: Victoria gold medal

text: Equatorial Africa

text: Vasco da Gama

text: Amur

text: Full text

text: Martin Behaim

text: Globe

text: A Life's Work

text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica

text: sustained by Earth's resources

text: world population estimate

text: human migration

text: step migration

text: sporting association

text: London

text: gymnastics

text: German Gymnasium

text: St Pancras

text: The Crystal Palace

text: William Penny Brookes

text: John Hulley

text: National Olympian Association

text: Olympic Games of Much Wenlock

text: "Martin Behaim: his life and his globe"

text: Linda Hall Library

categories: English autobiographers,German autobiographers,Victoria Medal recipients,People from Frankfurt,English geographers,German male non-fiction writers,1834 births,English people of German descent,1913 deaths

paragraph: Ernst Georg Ravenstein

paragraph: Ernst Georg Ravenstein (Ernest George) (30 December 1834 – 13 March 1913) was a German-English geographer cartographer. As a geographer he was less of a traveller than a researcher; his studies led mainly in the direction of cartography and the history of geography.

paragraph: Ravenstein was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, to a family of cartographers. He spent most of his adult life in England in a house at Lorn Road, Lambeth, but he died in Germany, his country of birth, on 13 March 1913.

paragraph: Section::::Work on geography.

paragraph: When he was 18 years old he became a pupil of Dr. August Heinrich Petermann. After moving to England, Ravenstein became a naturalised British Subject and was in the service of the Topographical Department of the British War Office for 20 years, from 1855 to 1875. A long-serving member of the councils of the Royal Statistical and Royal Geographical Societies, he was also Professor of Geography at Bedford College in 1882–83. He was the first to receive the Victoria gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society (1902) for "his efforts during 40 years to introduce scientific methods into the cartography of the United Kingdom".

paragraph: His geographical statistics and projections were respected and used as a basis for official planning at the time.

paragraph: Section::::Work on geography.:Printed works.

paragraph: His "Systematic Atlas" (1884) put into practice many his ideas as to methods of teaching cartography. The Philips's "World Atlas" was published with Ravenstein's plates and statistics for several decades. His "Map of Equatorial Africa" (1884) was the most notable map of a large part of the continent on a large scale that had been made up to that time, and he immediately developed it as new discoveries were made in Central and Eastern Africa.

paragraph: Ravenstein also published:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vasco da Gama's First Voyage" (1898)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Russians on the Amur" (1861) (Full text can be found on Google Books).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Handy Volume Atlas" (1895; seventh edition, 1907)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Martin Behaim. His Life and his Globe" (1908)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Life's Work" (1908)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The New Census Physical, Pictorial, and Descriptive Atlas of the World" (1911)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Philips' Handy-Volume Atlas of the World containing seventy seven New and Specially Engraved Plates with Statistical Notes & Complete Index" (Fourteenth edition, revised to date)

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of cartography article for the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica's "Map" entry.

paragraph: Section::::Work on geography.:Estimation of world population.

paragraph: In the late 19th century, he estimates the current World Population at the time. He also moderately estimates a possible maximum World population that can be sustained by Earth's resources, in the year 2072.

paragraph: Commenting on Ravenstein's paper on overpopulation presented at the British Association, the "Times", stated that Ravenstein "estimates the population of the world for the present year at 1,468,000,000, and, after making careful allowance for various unfavourable circumstances, he comes to the comforting conclusion that the human race may increase to the number of 5,994,000,000 without outrunning the supply of food". Based on an 8 percent increase of population per decade, "the limit of expansion will be reached in 182 years". "He had estimated the world's population for the present year to be 1,468,000,000. He found that the population of the world every 10 years increased 8 percent. The Total population of the cultivable area would be 5,850,700,000, and the total number which the earth could feed was 5,994,000,000 people".

paragraph: The HYDE database's 1880 world population estimate was 1,397,685,022; for 1998 it was 5,930,407,103.

paragraph: Ravenstein though treated his estimation with indifference and a calm manner. "We fear that we have been seduced into something like levity by the fact that Mr Ravenstein himself does not appear to have been materially shocked and saddened by his own conclusions. Indeed, his closing words indicate a strange spirit of indifference, not to say callousness. So far as we ourselves were concerned, he did not think we need make such a tremendous fuss about it, knowing we would not live to see the day when there was no more room on this earth."

paragraph: Section::::Work on geography.:Theory of migration.

paragraph: He established a theory of human migration in the 1880s that still forms the basis for modern migration theory.

paragraph: The following was a standard list after Ravenstein's (1834–1913) proposal in the 1880s. The theories are as follows:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Every migration flow generates a return or counter-migration."

paragraph: BULLET::::2. The majority of migrants move a short distance."

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose major sources of economic activity."

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Urban residents are often less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas."

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Families are less likely to make international moves than young adults."

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Most migrants are adults."

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Large towns grow by migration rather than natural population growth.

paragraph: BULLET::::8. More long distance migrants are male.

paragraph: BULLET::::9. More long distance migrants are adult individuals rather than families with children.

paragraph: In his book 'Laws of Migration', Ravenstein explained his theory of step migration which sees that migration could be gradual and often occurred step by step geographically.

paragraph: Section::::Work on gymnastics.

paragraph: In 1861 Ravenstein established the German Gymnastics Society, a sporting association, in London. It promoted gymnastics and held annual athletic competitions, at a purpose-built German Gymnasium in St Pancras, and at The Crystal Palace. By 1866, the society had 1,100 members, drawn from more than 30 nationalities, with 650 members being Britons, mostly tradesmen. With William Penny Brookes and John Hulley, he was a founder member of the National Olympian Association in 1866, which promoted an annual series of sporting events across the country, inspired by the Olympic Games of Much Wenlock. He published a handbook on gymnastics in 1867.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ernest George Ravenstein: The Laws of Migration, 1885" by John Corbett, Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernst G. Ravenstein (1909) "Martin Behaim: his life and his globe" - Linda Hall Library

description: English autobiographer of German descent

wikidata_label: Ernst Georg Ravenstein

wikipedia_title: Ernst Georg Ravenstein


text:
first-class
cricketer
opening batsman
Goa
Rajasthan Royals
Indian Premier League
2017–18 Ranji Trophy
Graeme Smith
Kolkata Knight Riders
Israel

categories: Indian cricketers,Rajasthan Royals cricketers,Goa cricketers,1984 births,South Zone cricketers,Cricketers from Goa,India Blue cricketers,Living people,People from Porvorim

paragraph: Swapnil Asnodkar

paragraph: Swapnil Asnodkar is an Indian first-class cricketer. He was Coached By Nitin Vernekar. He is a hard hitting right-handed opening batsman with a relatively short stature of around 5'5. He was one of the highly expected players to represent India in future during 2008. He played for Goa in first class cricket, and Rajasthan Royals in the Indian Premier League.

paragraph: Section::::Domestic career.

paragraph: He was the leading run-scorer for Goa in the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy, with 368 runs in six matches.

paragraph: Section::::Indian Premier League.

paragraph: He formed a strong opening partnership with South African captain Graeme Smith. By the end of the tournament they had scored 418 runs together at an average of 59.71 – the highest of the tournament. In the seven IPL matches he played, he scored 244 runs at 34.86 with a strike rate of 127.08. On his IPL debut against Kolkata Knight Riders, he scored 60 runs from 34 balls. His innings included 10 fours and one six with a strike rate 176.47. He bowls right-arm offbreaks. He was called up to an Indian emerging players tour to Israel in July 2008.

description: Indian cricketer

wikidata_label: Swapnil Asnodkar

wikipedia_title: Swapnil Asnodkar


text:
Spanish
motorcycle racer
2013 German Grand Prix
Pol Espargaró
Superbike World Championship
Profile on MotoGP.com
Profile on WorldSBK.com

categories: Moto2 World Championship riders,1987 births,Avintia Racing MotoGP riders,Supersport World Championship riders,Superbike World Championship riders,FIM Superstock 1000 Cup riders,Spanish motorcycle racers,Living people

paragraph: Jordi Torres

paragraph: Jordi Torres Fernández (born August 27, 1987) is a Spanish motorcycle racer. He is a two-time winner of the Spanish Moto2 championship, and has previously competed in his native Supersport and Stock Extreme championships. He is best known for winning the 2013 German Grand Prix, in the Moto2 class; having qualified in a career-best second place, Torres overtook long-time race leader Pol Espargaró with ten laps remaining, and held on to win the race, his first Grand Prix podium. Since 2015 he competes in the Superbike World Championship.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.:Grand Prix motorcycle racing.:By season.

paragraph: * Season still in progress.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.:Grand Prix motorcycle racing.:Races by year.

paragraph: * Season still in progress.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on MotoGP.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on WorldSBK.com

description: Spanish motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Jordi Torres

wikipedia_title: Jordi Torres


text: WS

text: Christian Sabbath

text: phrenologist

text: Gorgie Mills

text: George Combe

text: Andrew Combe

text: Edinburgh High School

text: University of Edinburgh

text: Robert Knox

text: writer to the signet

text: Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway Company

text: Right of Way Association

text: George Murray, 6th Duke of Atholl

text: Glen Tilt

text: United Industrial School

text: Dr John Brown

text: Dean Cemetery

text: George Combe

text: William Brodie

text: Phrenological Journal

text: Chambers's Encyclopædia

text: Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland

text: James Nicol

text: Charles Maclaren

text: The Scotsman

categories: 1810 births,19th-century Scottish writers,Scottish religious writers,1872 deaths,Scottish lawyers,Phrenologists

paragraph: Robert Cox (anti-Sabbatarian)

paragraph: Robert Cox WS (1810–1872) was a Scottish lawyer, known as a writer of several works on the question of the Christian Sabbath, and a phrenologist.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the son of Robert Cox, leather-dresser, of Gorgie Mills, near Edinburgh, and of Anne Combe, sister of George Combe and Andrew Combe. He was born at Gorgie on 25 Feb. 1810, and received his early education at a private school and at Edinburgh High School. Besides attending the classes of law and of general science at the University of Edinburgh, he also studied anatomy under Robert Knox.

paragraph: For some years Cox was in the legal office of his uncle, George Combe, who wished him to become a partner in the business; but Cox declined. He passed as a writer to the signet, but limited his practice, and occupied himself mainly with scientific and literary matters. At about the age of twenty-five he accepted the secretaryship of a literary institution in Liverpool, the Philosophical Literary and Commercial Institution or Literary, Scientitic, and Commercial Institution, but resigned it in 1839 from considerations of health, and returned to Edinburgh.

paragraph: The attention of Cox was first directed to the Sabbath question by the actions of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway Company, in withdrawing a limited passenger service in connection with their Sunday trains. Becoming a shareholder, he attended two half-yearly meetings of the company in 1850, at each of which he moved that to the Sunday trains which were being regularly run passenger carriages should be attached.

paragraph: Cox took an active part in the Right of Way Association, and was one of the parties to the action against George Murray, 6th Duke of Atholl, by which Glen Tilt was reopened to the public. A Liberal in politics, he interested himself in social and philanthropic movements of a non-sectarian kind in Edinburgh. He was in practice the manager of the Phrenological Museum, a director and strong supporter of the United Industrial School, a director of the School of Arts, and an active promoter of university endowment and of schemes connected with the higher education of the country. He was a patron of art, and a member of the Edinburgh Association for Promotion of the Fine Arts.

paragraph: Cox lived his final years at 25 Rutland Street, in Edinburgh's fashionable West End. His immediate neighbour (at 23) was the author Dr John Brown.

paragraph: Cox died, unmarried, on 3 February 1872. He is buried with his sister, Marion Cox (1803-1850) in Dean Cemetery in western Edinburgh. The grave lies on the north wall of the original cemetery, close to the grave of his maternal uncle, George Combe. The low-relief bronze head on the grave is sculpted by William Brodie.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Cox was the active editor of George Combe's "Phrenological Journal" from Nos. XXXIV to L. of the first series, to which he also contributed articles. After his return to Edinburgh he was induced by Messrs. Black to undertake the compilation of the index to the seventh edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. In 1841 he also resumed the editorship of the "Phrenological Journal"; it ceased in 1847, on the death of Andrew Combe, of whom he contributed a memoir to the last number.

paragraph: Cox's speeches on the sabbatarian question appeared as a pamphlet, "A Plea for Sunday Trains"; it was afterwards expanded to 560 pages, published in 1853 as "Sabbath Laws and Sabbath Duties; considered in relation to their Natural and Scriptural Grounds, and to the Principles of Religious Liberty". He went on to publish in 1865 the erudite and lucid "The Literature of the Sabbath Question", in two volumes. In 1860 he published "The Whole Doctrine of Calvin about the Sabbath and the Lord's Day, extracted from his Commentaries", and in 1863 "What is Sabbath Breaking? a Discussion occasioned by the Proposal to open the Botanical Gardens of Edinburgh on Sunday Afternoons". He also contributed most of the article "Sabbath" to "Chambers's Encyclopædia".

paragraph: Cox assisted his brothers Dr. Abram Cox of Kingston and Sir James Cox or Coxe, one of her majesty's Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland, in the revision of Andrew Combe's popular physiological works, and those of George Combe's books dealing with the brain and nervous system. In 1869 he edited, along with James Nicol of Aberdeen, the "Select Writings" of Charles Maclaren, editor of "The Scotsman".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: British lawyer

wikidata_label: Robert Cox

wikipedia_title: Robert Cox (anti-Sabbatarian)


text:
turntablist
Brooklyn
The Bronx
Harlem
Master of the Mix
Technics SL-1200
Tony Humphries
Little Louie Vega
DJ Hollywood
Kid Capri
DJ Chuck Chillout
Biz Markie
Q-Tip
Usher
Ludacris
Busta Rhymes
Jay-Z
Pharrell
Wale
Mario
N.E.R.D
Jadakiss
Rihanna
Kanye West
Jay-Z
The Blueprint 3
Tiger Woods
Barack Obama
Tobey Maguire
Spike Lee
Kid Rock
BET
Master of the Mix
Smirnoff
Kenny "Dope" Gonzalez
Masters at Work

categories: American hip hop DJs,American hip hop musicians,1975 births,American hip hop record producers,Living people

paragraph: DJ Mell Starr

paragraph: DJ Mell Starr (born Leugene Jamel Simpson, January 13, 1975) also known by his stage name "No Head Phones in Harlem" a.k.a. "The Most Dangerous", is an American DJ, turntablist, musician and producer born in Brooklyn, New York but raised in The Bronx, New York. He later moved to Harlem, New York where he now resides and is best known for his "No Head Phones in Harlem" appearance as a contestant on the second season of the DJ reality show "Master of the Mix".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Starr began practicing on a turntable at the age of nine, attempting a scratch technique on his family's old Technics SL-1200 turntable.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Starr first began in the DJ arena with family members and friends such as: Tony Humphries, Tedd Paterson, Dj Masia and Little Louie Vega. He switched venues to work with street DJs that included: Ron G, DJ Hollywood, DJ Chris Love, Kid Capri, DJ Chuck Chillout, Biz Markie and Q-Tip. Starr has also toured with artists such as: Usher, Ludacris, Busta Rhymes, Jay-Z, Pharrell, Wale, Mario, N.E.R.D, Jadakiss, Rihanna and Kanye West.

paragraph: In September 2010, Starr created TheCutCafé.com music channel (an internet based channel via "UStream") where he DJ's live. "The Cut Café" was created for DJs to perform and display talents and skills to be viewed locally and internationally.

paragraph: Starr flew to Iraq and Kuwait in the spring of 2009 in a C-130 aircraft and performed for 160,000 troops for two months. While visiting the country he had the opportunity to visit Saddam Hussein's home. After his return to the U.S., he traveled to 24 cities on Jay-Z's The Blueprint 3 concert tour to perform and DJ at after parties. He performed for Tiger Woods on the PGA tour and at a Barack Obama inauguration celebration organized by Tobey Maguire, Spike Lee and Kid Rock.

paragraph: In November 2011, Starr was cast in the second season of the BET show "Master of the Mix". In December 2011 Smirnoff, the brand and sponsor of "Master of the Mix" season 2 made Starr a spokesman for them as a result of his performance. Starr's scratching can be heard on Rasheed Chappell's single "Do Ur Thing" from the "Future Before Nostalgia" album, produced by Kenny "Dope" Gonzalez of Masters at Work.

paragraph: In January 2012, Starr's cutting, scratching and mixing technique were recognized by Rock and Souls DJ School in NYC where he landed a DJ Instructors position to teach beginner, Intermediate and advanced classes.

description: American DJ, turntablist, musician and record producer

wikidata_label: DJ Mell Starr

wikipedia_title: DJ Mell Starr


text:
Arabic
House of Saud
King Faisal
Azzam Pasha
secretary-general
Arab League
King Abdulaziz University
Sudan
Egypt

categories: Saudi Arabian architects,Saudi Arabian people of Libyan descent,Great-grandsons of Ibn Saud,King Abdulaziz University alumni,Saudi Arabian businesspeople,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Amr bin Mohammed Al Faisal Al Saud

paragraph: Amr Al Faisal (Arabic: عمرو الفيصل) is a Saudi businessman, columnist, architect and a member of House of Saud.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Prince Amr is the grandson of King Faisal who ruled the kingdom from 1964 to 1975. His mother is the daughter of Azzam Pasha, the first secretary-general of the Arab League between 1945 and 1952. He has two sisters.

paragraph: Amr Al Faisal holds a bachelor's degree in architecture from King Abdulaziz University. He works in the field of commercial and investment banking, executive management, architecture and engineering. He is a member of the board of Faisal Islamic Bank in Sudan and Egypt.

description: Saudi royal and businessman

wikidata_label: Amr bin Mohammed Al Faisal Al Saud

wikipedia_title: Amr bin Mohammed Al Faisal Al Saud


text:
Turkish
journalist
Turkish Journalists' Association
Hürriyet
Kanlıca Cemetery
Istanbul
Sedat Simavi Literature Award
Turkish Journalists' Association
Sedat Simavi Journalism Award
IMDB
Sedat Simavi (1896–1953)

categories: 1896 births,Galatasaray High School alumni,1953 deaths,Turkish film directors,People from Istanbul,Hürriyet people,Turkish journalists,Turkish writers

paragraph: Sedat Simavi

paragraph: Sedat Simavi (1896 – 11 December 1953) was a Turkish journalist, writer and film director. He co-founded the Turkish Journalists' Association in 1946, and the "Hürriyet" newspaper in 1948. He was also a political cartoonist, and as well as plays and screenplays he also wrote a novel, "Fuji-Yama" (1944), and non-fiction books. He published around 60 books in total.

paragraph: Sedat Simavi died on 11 December 1953, and was buried at Kanlıca Cemetery in Istanbul.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: The Sedat Simavi Literature Award, along with Sedat Simavi awards in other categories, is awarded annually by the Sedat Simavi Foundation since 1977. The Turkish Journalists' Association awards the Sedat Simavi Journalism Award.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Spy" (1917, writer and director)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Claw" (1917, writer and director)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alemdar Mustafa Pasa" (1918, writer and director)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hürriyet apartmani" (1944, writer)

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Muzaffer Gökman (1970), "Sedat Simavi: Hayati ve eserleri. Hazirliyan", APA Ofset Basımevi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sedat Simavi (1973), "Sedat Semavi / Eserleri" [collected works]

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- IMDB, Sedat Simavi (1896–1953)

wikidata_label: Sedat Simavi

wikipedia_title: Sedat Simavi


text:
Britpop
Menswear
synthpop
Royal Air Force
Salisbury
Wiltshire
Britpop
Pulp
Do You Remember the First Time?
Select
mod
Menswear
Messiah
Art Brut
Top of the Pops
pervasive developmental disorder
National Autistic Society
Nuis@nce Band
David Bowie
The Nuisance Band
The Saturdays
Frankie Sandford
Uri Geller
Ruby Wax
Doctor Who
Sherlock Holmes
menswearband.com
Johnny Dean's Official Blog

categories: People on the autism spectrum,Britpop musicians,1971 births,British singers,Living people

paragraph: Johnny Dean

paragraph: Johnny Dean (born John Hutchinson Dean; 12 December 1971) is a British musician, frontman and figure of the 1990s Britpop era. He was the frontman of Menswear (stylized Menswe@r) and is currently working on a solo, synthpop project called Fxxk Explosion.

paragraph: Section::::Early years, Menswear.

paragraph: Born to a Royal Air Force father in Salisbury, Wiltshire, Dean had a nomadic upbringing throughout the UK and Europe, followed by a brief period at art school, before becoming visible in the early 1990s Britpop scene. He was first featured in Pulp's "Do You Remember the First Time?" music video, and in an article in "Select" magazine about the mod-inspired club scene.

paragraph: He was a founder member of Menswear alongside Stuart Black in 1994; between then and 1998, when the band dissolved, they scored a number of UK Top 40 singles. He then formed Messiah with Black, a line-up which lasted until 2000. Dean was the subject of a track by Art Brut called "I Wanna Be Johnny Dean" and numerous comic strips in music publications. As frontman of Menswear he toured worldwide, had several appearances on "Top of the Pops", and was featured on magazine covers and centrefold pinups throughout the 1990s.

paragraph: Section::::After diagnosis (2009-present).

paragraph: Dean was diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder in 2009 and has started campaigning on behalf of the National Autistic Society. In recent interviews, Dean has expressed the torment he experienced before his diagnosis, and his desire to raise awareness of the autism spectrum.

paragraph: On Friday 7 June 2013, Dean made his first sold-out live appearance in 15 years with the Nuis@nce Band performing the songs of David Bowie to raise funds for The National Autistic Society in London.

paragraph: A new Menswear line-up played their first show in 15 years on 16 August 2013; original member Dean was joined by members of The Nuisance Band. The sold-out event was in aid of the mental health charity PMA Sport's Academy and #TimeToChange campaign which Johnny Dean was invited to promote alongside The Saturdays' Frankie Sandford, Uri Geller and Ruby Wax.

paragraph: He is also a keen Doctor Who and Sherlock Holmes fan.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- menswearband.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johnny Dean's Official Blog

description: musician

wikidata_label: Johnny Dean

wikipedia_title: Johnny Dean


text: poet

text: diplomat

text: bishop

text: Gallo-Roman

text: Ruricius

text: bishop of Limoges

text: Alcimus Ecdicius Avitus

text: bishop of Vienne

text: Magnus Felix Ennodius

text: Gallo-Roman

text: Lugdunum

text: Lyon

text: Prefect

text: Gaul

text: Valentinian III

text: Astyrius

text: consul

text: Praetorian Prefect

text: Gaul

text: Decimus Rusticus

text: Constantine II

text: Papianilla

text: Avitus

text: Apollinaris

text: Gregory of Tours

text: Theodor Mommsen

text: Faustus of Riez

text: Claudianus Mamertus

text: Majorian

text: Anthemius

text: Urban Prefect

text: Rome

text: Patrician

text: Senator

text: Eparchius

text: Auvergne

text: Clermont

text: Clermont-Ferrand

text: Euric

text: Franks

text: Ruricius

text: Limoges

text: Auvergne

text: Battle of Vouille

text: Theuderic I

text: Childebert I

text: Panegyric

text: Statius

text: Ausonius

text: Claudian

text: Majorian

text: Anthemius

text: occasional verse

text: Riothamus

text: King Arthur

text: Monumenta Germaniae Historica

text: Loeb Classical Library

text: Apollonius of Tyana

text: Gregory of Tours

text: Mass

text: sacramentary

text: O. M. Dalton

categories: 5th-century bishops,Urban prefects of Rome,5th-century Latin writers,Bishops in Gaul,People from Lugdunum,Bishops of Clermont,5th-century Christian saints,430 births,489 deaths,5th-century Roman poets,Latin letter writers

paragraph: Sidonius Apollinaris

paragraph: Gaius Sollius Modestus Apollinaris Sidonius, better known as Saint Sidonius Apollinaris (5 November of an unknown year, 430 – August 489 AD), was a poet, diplomat, and bishop. Sidonius is "the single most important surviving author from fifth-century Gaul" according to Eric Goldberg. He was one of four Gallo-Roman aristocrats of the fifth- to sixth-century whose letters survive in quantity; the others are Ruricius bishop of Limoges (died 507), Alcimus Ecdicius Avitus, bishop of Vienne (died 518) and Magnus Felix Ennodius of Arles, bishop of Ticinum (died 534). All of them were linked in the tightly bound aristocratic Gallo-Roman network that provided the bishops of Catholic Gaul. His feast day is 21 August.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Sidonius was born in Lugdunum (Lyon). His father Apollinaris was the Prefect of Gaul under Valentinian III; he recalls with pride being present with his father at the installation of Astyrius as consul for the year 449. Sidonius' grandfather was Praetorian Prefect of Gaul sometime prior to 409 and a friend of his successor Decimus Rusticus. Sidonius may be a descendant of another Apollinaris who was Prefect of Gaul under Constantine II between 337 and 340.

paragraph: Sidonius married Papianilla, the daughter of Emperor Avitus, around 452. This union produced one son, Apollinaris, and at least two daughters: Sidonius mentions in his letters Severina and Roscia, but a third, Alcima, is only mentioned much later by Gregory of Tours, and Theodor Mommsen has speculated that Alcima may be another name for one of his other daughters. His known acquaintances include bishop Faustus of Riez and his theological adversary Claudianus Mamertus; his life and friendships put him in the center of 5th-century Roman affairs.

paragraph: In 457 Majorian deprived Avitus of the empire and seized the city of Lyons; Sidonius fell into his hands. However, the reputation of Sidonius's learning led Majorian to treat him with the greatest respect. In return Sidonius composed a panegyric in his honour (as he had previously done for Avitus), which won for him a statue at Rome and the title of count. In 467 or 468 the emperor Anthemius rewarded him for the panegyric which he had written in honour of him by raising him to the post of Urban Prefect of Rome until 469, and afterwards to the dignity of Patrician and Senator. In 470 or 472, he was elected to succeed Eparchius in the bishopric of Auvergne (Clermont, now Clermont-Ferrand).

paragraph: When the Goths captured Clermont in 474 he was imprisoned, as he had taken an active part in its defense; but he was afterwards released from captivity by Euric, king of the Goths, and continued to shepherd his flock as he had done before; he did so until his death.

paragraph: Sidonius's relations have been traced over several generations as a narrative of a family's fortunes, from the prominence of his paternal grandfather's time into later decline in the 6th century under the Franks. Sidonius's son Apollinaris, who was a correspondent of Ruricius of Limoges, commanded a unit raised in Auvergne on the losing side of the decisive Battle of Vouille, and also was bishop of Clermont for four months until he died. Sidonius's grandson Arcadius, on hearing a rumor that the Frankish king Theuderic I had died, betrayed Clermont to Childebert I, only to abandon his wife and mother when Theuderic appeared; his other appearance in the history of Gregory of Tours is as a servant of king Childebert.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: His extant works are his "Panegyrics" on different emperors (in which he draws largely upon Statius, Ausonius and Claudian), which document several important political events. Carmen 7 is a panegyric to his father-in-law Avitus on his inauguration as emperor. Carmen 5 is a panegyric to Majorian, which offers evidence that Sidonius was able to overcome the natural suspicion and hostility towards the man who was responsible for the death of his father-in-law. Carmen 2 is a panegyric to the emperor Anthemius, part of Sidonius' efforts to be appointed Urban Prefect of Rome; several samples of occasional verse; and nine books of "Letters", about which W.B. Anderson notes, "Whatever one may think about their style and diction, the letters of Sidonius are an invaluable source of information on many aspects of the life of his time." While very stilted in diction, these "Letters" reveal Sidonius as a man of genial temper, fond of good living and of pleasure. A letter of Sidonius's addressed to Riothamus, "King of the Brittones" (c. 470) is of particular interest, since it provides evidence that a king or military leader with ties to Britain lived around the time frame of King Arthur. The best edition is that in the "Monumenta Germaniae Historica" (Berlin, 1887), which gives a survey of the manuscripts. An English translation of his poetry and letters by W.B. Anderson, with accompanying Latin text, have been published by the Loeb Classical Library (volume 1, containing his poems and books 1-2 of his letters, 1939 ; remainder of letters, 1965). Among his lost works, is the one on Apollonius of Tyana.

paragraph: Gregory of Tours speaks of Sidonius as a man who could celebrate Mass from memory (without a sacramentary) and give unprepared speeches without any hesitation.

paragraph: Section::::Sources and further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- C.E. Stevens, "Sidonius Apollinaris and his Age". Oxford: University Press, 1933.

paragraph: BULLET::::- K.F. Strohecker. "Der senatorische Adel im spätantiken Gallien." Tübingen, 1948.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nora Chadwick, "Poetry and Letters in Early Christian Gaul" London: Bowes and Bowes, 1955.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sigrid Mratschek, "Identitätsstiftung aus der Vergangenheit: Zum Diskurs über die trajanische Bildungskultur im Kreis des Sidonius Apollinaris", in Therese Fuhrer (hg), "Die christlich-philosophischen Diskurse der Spätantike: Texte, Personen, Institutionen: Akten der Tagung vom 22.-25. Februar 2006 am Zentrum für Antike und Moderne der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freibur"g (Stuttgart, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2008) (Philosophie der Antike, 28),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johannes A. van Waarden and Gavin Kelly (eds): "New Approaches to Sidonius Apollinaris, with Indices on Helga Köhler, C. Sollius Apollinaris Sidonius: Briefe Buch I". Leuven, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Apollinaris Sidonius (5 November c.430 - 21 August c.483) – Medieval Lectures. Lynn Harry Nelson.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographical introduction to the "Letters", O. M. Dalton (1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Complete English translation of the Letters of Sidonius Apollinaris, O. M. Dalton (1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sidonius Apollinaris, dedicated site, with bibliography and complete Latin text of the correspondence and the poetry, maintained by Joop van Waarden since 2003, frequently updated

paragraph: BULLET::::- Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes

description: Gaulish poet, aristocrat and bishop

enwikiquote_title: Sidonius Apollinaris

wikidata_label: Sidonius Apollinaris

wikipedia_title: Sidonius Apollinaris


text:
House of Bourbon
Queen of Bohemia
Countess of Luxembourg
Louis I, Duke of Bourbon
Mary of Avesnes
Elisabeth of Bohemia
John of Bohemia
Philip VI
House of Capet
Philip I, Prince of Taranto
Château de Vincennes
Henry V, Count of Luxembourg
Margaret of Bar
Pope Benedict XII
Avignon
County of Luxembourg
Charles
John Henry
Blanche of Valois
Prague
Wenceslaus
Přemyslid dynasty
St. Vitus Cathedral
Luxembourg
Battle of Crécy
County of Hainaut
Arlon
Marville
Damvillers
Kutná Hora
Creil
Joanna, Duchess of Brabant
John III, Duke of Brabant
Couvent des Jacobins
Paris
Basilica of St Denis

categories: 1320 births,Countesses of Luxembourg,Bohemian queens consort,14th-century French people,House of Bourbon (France),1383 deaths

paragraph: Beatrice of Bourbon, Queen of Bohemia

paragraph: Beatrice of Bourbon (1320 – 23 December 1383) was a French noblewoman. A member of the House of Bourbon, she was by marriage Queen of Bohemia and Countess of Luxembourg.

paragraph: She was the youngest daughter of Louis I, Duke of Bourbon, and Mary of Avesnes.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Marriage.

paragraph: On 28 September 1330, Queen Elisabeth of Bohemia, wife of King John of Bohemia, died:

paragraph: Despite the fact that John and Elisabeth became estranged during the last years of their marriage, the king remained a widower for the next four years. The French King Philip VI wanted to tie John more closely with France, and he suggested to the Bohemian king a second marriage. The proposed bride was Beatrice, youngest daughter of the Duke of Bourbon and member of a cadet branch of the House of Capet. Beatrice was already betrothed, however, to Philip, the second son of Philip I, Prince of Taranto, as of 29 May 1321. The engagement was broken soon after the marriage negotiations with Bohemia started.

paragraph: The marriage of King John of Bohemia and Beatrice of Bourbon was solemnized in the Château de Vincennes in December 1334, at which time she was fourteen years old. But because the two were related in a prohibited degree (they were second cousins through their common descent from Henry V, Count of Luxembourg, and his wife Margaret of Bar), Pope Benedict XII had to give dispensation for the marriage, which was granted in Avignon on 9 January 1335 at the request of Philip VI.

paragraph: The marriage contract stipulated that if a son was born from the marriage, the County of Luxembourg (King John's paternal heritage), as well as lands belonging to it, would go to him. King John's sons from his first marriage, Charles and John Henry, were not informed of the contents of the marriage contract, but both princes were compelled to accept it along with the knights and citizens of Luxembourg in August 1335.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Life in Bohemia.

paragraph: Beatrice arrived in Bohemia on 2 January 1336:

paragraph: In the Bohemian court, Beatrice took care of the wife of her oldest stepson Charles, Blanche of Valois. Both women could easily communicate in French. The Queen soon felt ill-at-ease in Prague, where she was always compared unfavorably with the Margravine of Moravia (Blanche's title as wife of the Bohemian heir). Also, the Czech people were offended by her coldness, insolence and aversion to learning their language.

paragraph: The new Queen of Bohemia and Countess of Luxembourg brought with her an annual income of 4,000 livres extracted from her father's County of Clermont. On 25 February 1337, Beatrice gave birth in Prague to her only child, a son named Wenceslaus after the holy patron of the Přemyslid dynasty; probably calling her son with this name either the queen or her husband tried to gain the favor of the Bohemians. However, the relationship between Beatrice and her new subjects remained estranged: her coronation as Queen of Bohemia in St. Vitus Cathedral three months later, on 18 May, was an event of spectacular indifference from the citizens of Prague.

paragraph: Shortly after her coronation, in June 1337, Beatrice left Bohemia leaving her son behind, and went to live in Luxembourg. After this, she rarely visited the Bohemian Kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Later Years.

paragraph: On 26 August 1346 King John was killed in the Battle of Crécy and Beatrice ceased to be queen consort. Her stepson, now King Charles of Bohemia, confirmed the provisions of her marriage contract. Beatrice, now Dowager Queen of Bohemia, received in perpetuity lands in the County of Hainaut, the rent of 4,000 livres and the towns of Arlon, Marville and Damvillers (where she settled her residence) as her widow's estate. These revenues were used not only for their own needs, but also for the education of her son. King Charles also left her all the movable property and income from the mines in Kutná Hora. In addition, when her father Duke Louis I of Bourbon died in 1342, she received the sum of 1,000 livres, which was secured from the town of Creil.

paragraph: Around 1347, Beatrice married for a second time to Eudes II, Lord of Grancey, (then a widower) at her state of Damvillers. Despite her new marriage, she retained the title of Queen of Bohemia. The couple had no children. Soon after her second marriage, she arranged the betrothal of her son Wenceslaus with the widowed Joanna, Duchess of Brabant, daughter and heiress of John III, Duke of Brabant, who was fifteen years older than he was. The marriage took place in Damvillers four years later, on 17 May 1351.

paragraph: Despite all the grants of land and money given to Beatrice, the Bohemian king delayed the investiture of his young half-brother Wenceslaus as Count of Luxembourg. In fact, he held on to the title until 1353, when Wenceslaus finally obtained sovereignty over the County. One year later (13 March 1354) the County was elevated to the rank of a Duchy.

paragraph: Beatrice died on 27 December 1383, having outlived her son (for only sixteen days) and all her stepchildren. She was buried in the now-demolished church of the Couvent des Jacobins in Paris - her effigy is now in the Basilica of St Denis. Her second husband survived her by six years.

description: Czech queen

wikidata_label: Beatrice of Bourbon, Queen of Bohemia

wikipedia_title: Beatrice of Bourbon, Queen of Bohemia


text:
Bishop of Marlborough
Henry Earle
Eton College
Hertford College, Oxford
ordained
Curate
Salisbury
Rector
Monkton Farleigh
vicar
West Alvington
South Huish
South Milton
Totnes
Archdeacon of Totnes
rural dean
Canon Residentiary
Exeter Cathedral
bishop
Edward Benson
Archbishop of Canterbury
St Paul's Cathedral
St Matthias
Bishop of Marlborough
suffragan
Frederick Temple
Mandell Creighton
Diocese of London
St Michael, Cornhill
St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate
Prebendary
Dean of Exeter
Torquay
Devon

categories: People educated at Eton College,Archdeacons of Totnes,Anglican deans,Alumni of Hertford College, Oxford,1827 births,1918 deaths,Bishops of Marlborough

paragraph: Alfred Earle (bishop)

paragraph: Alfred Earle (22 December 182728 December 1918) was the Bishop of Marlborough from 1888 to his death.

paragraph: He was born the son of surgeon Henry Earle and was educated at Eton College and Hertford College, Oxford. He was ordained in 1858 and was a Curate of St Edmund's Salisbury and then Rector of Monkton Farleigh (1863–1865) before becoming vicar of West Alvington, South Huish, and South Milton. He then spent fifteen years in Totnes, as, from approximately October 1872 until his consecration in 1888, the Archdeacon of Totnes, and where he also became a rural dean and a Canon Residentiary of Exeter Cathedral (1886–1888).

paragraph: He was consecrated a bishop by Edward Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury, at St Paul's Cathedral on St Matthias' day (24 February) 1888. As Bishop of Marlborough, he was suffragan to Frederick Temple and Mandell Creighton as successive Bishops of London, and was given charge of the western part of the Diocese of London. Alongside his bishopric, he also held two successive livings: Rector of St Michael, Cornhill (1888–1895), and Rector of St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate and a Prebendary of St Paul's (1896–1900).

paragraph: Installed as Dean of Exeter on 28 August 1900, Earle left London but nominally retained his See until his death. He resigned the Deanery during 1918, and died at the end of the year, at Torquay, Devon, in the week following his 91st birthday.

description: British bishop

wikidata_label: Alfred Earle

wikipedia_title: Alfred Earle (bishop)


text:
Countess and Duchess of Burgundy
Renaud of Roucy
Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine
Mâcon
Otto-William, Count of Burgundy
Guy I of Mâcon
Landri of Nevers
William II of Provence
Reginald I, Count of Burgundy
Agnes of Burgundy, Duchess of Aquitaine

categories: Countesses of Burgundy,Duchesses of Burgundy,958 births

paragraph: Ermentrude de Roucy

paragraph: Ermentrude de Roucy (born 958 - died 5 May 1005) (Irmtrude) was a Countess and Duchess of Burgundy.

paragraph: She was a daughter of Renaud of Roucy and his wife, Alberade of Lorraine, daughter of Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine.

paragraph: Ermentrude married Alberic II of Mâcon and thus became a countess of Mâcon.

paragraph: She also married Otto-William, Count of Burgundy. They had children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guy I of Mâcon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matilda, married Landri of Nevers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gerberga, married William II of Provence

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reginald I, Count of Burgundy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agnes of Burgundy, Duchess of Aquitaine

description: Noble lady and countess

wikidata_label: Ermentrude of Roucy

wikipedia_title: Ermentrude de Roucy


text: photographer

text: Manhattan, New York City

text: Philadelphia

text: Boston

text: photographers

text: South America

text: Venus

text: Ohio

text: California

text: Premium Point

text: New Rochelle

text: New York City

text: Napoleon Sarony

text: United States Congress

text: newspapers

text: Manhattan

text: Rotary Motor Company

text: New York Athletic Club

text: Larchmont Yacht Club

text: Wykagyl Country Club

text: Premium Point, New Rochelle

text: Corbis Images - Theodore C. Marceau

categories: 1922 deaths,Artists from New Rochelle, New York,1859 births,People from Boston,Photographers from New York City

paragraph: Theodore C. Marceau

paragraph: Theodore Christopher Marceau (May 28, 1859 - June 22, 1922) was an American photographer. He pioneered the creation of a national chain of photographic studios in the United States in the 1880s. He founded the "Marceau Studios" in Manhattan, New York City, Philadelphia and Boston and was one of the most widely known photographers in the country.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Marceau's career as a photographer began when he was 22, serving as the official photographer of the United States government astronomical expedition to South America to observe the transit of Venus. He then served on the staff of the Governor of Ohio, and the Governor of California.

paragraph: In time Marceau had diversified photographic studios that did portraiture, scientific photography, and occasional photojournalism. Upon his marriage to Amanda Fiske in 1891, Marceau became greatly interested in theatrical portraiture. He made extensive use of props, drapes, and painted backdrops in his portraits. Well connected to the political establishment, Marceau also specialized in official portraiture, travel images, and advertising photography. His various branches were run as local service photography shops, doing home photography, Society shots, and official function images.

paragraph: In 1897 Marceau purchased his Premium Point estate in New Rochelle, where he had since lived. In 1900, he decided to transfer his base of operations to New York City. He established "Marceau Studios" and installed Edgar A. Caffey as his photographer and operator. The death of Napoleon Sarony in 1896 had left a vacuum in the city. Jonathan Burrow had already purchased the Sarony studio, but Marceau reasoned that if he could purchase the name rights of Napoleon's son, Otto Sarony, he could co-opt the biggest name in celebrity photography. He succeeded and for much of the first decade of the 20th century Marceau ran the major New York studio "Otto Sarony" as well.

paragraph: Marceau quickly became a fixture in the associational world of the photography profession in New York. In 1905 he organized the "Professional Photographers Society of New York State" and served as its first Vice-President. He also organized the "Copyright League" that lobbied the United States Congress for stronger rights protections for photographers against the appropriation of their images by newspapers. It is Marceau that recommended that a "c" with a circle around it and the photographer's name on the front of an image serve as the public claim that an image was copyright protected.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Investments and societies.

paragraph: Marceau was an acquisitive genius who took the proceeds from his studio at 285 Fifth Avenue and sunk them into real estate and collecting. He owned substantial chunks of Manhattan real estate, a fleet of automobiles, and was the financial sponsor of the Rotary Motor Company. He was listed in the New York "Blue Book" and was worth millions at the time of his death.

paragraph: He was a member of the Masonic Fraternity, the Democratic Club of New York, the New York Athletic Club, and the New Rochelle and Larchmont Yacht Clubs and the Wykagyl Country Club, of New Rochelle.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died due to heart failure at his home in Premium Point, New Rochelle on June 22, 1922. He was survived by one son, Theodore Marceau, Jr. who briefly took over operation of the studio before selling the brand.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New York Public Library - Theodore C. Marceau Image Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Corbis Images - Theodore C. Marceau

description: American photographer

wikidata_label: Theodore Christopher Marceau

wikipedia_title: Theodore C. Marceau


text:
Lassithi Plateau
Crete
University of Athens
Crete
Ottoman rule
Greek War of Independence
Alexandria
Ismail Selim Pasha
Constantinople
Odessa
Alexandru Sturdza
Sturdza family
Roxandra Sturdza
Bessarabia
Athens
National Bank of Greece
University of Athens
King Otto
First Cemetery of Athens

categories: 1810 births,Ottoman emigrants to Greece,19th-century Greek businesspeople,Greek slaves of the Ottoman Empire,People from Lasithi,Burials at the First Cemetery of Athens,1878 deaths

paragraph: Antonios Papadakis

paragraph: Antonios Papadakis (1810–1878) was a Greek merchant from Lassithi Plateau on the island of Crete. He left his entire huge fortune to the University of Athens which proclaimed him its greatest benefactor. Every year “Antonios Papadakis Scholarships” enable outstanding university students to pursue their studies.

paragraph: Section::::Childhood.

paragraph: Antonios Papadakis - was born when Crete was under Ottoman rule. He was a son of priest Fragios Papadakis priest of Psichro. As a child Antonios experienced many struggles and tragic events. These included Also the wars to stifle the Greek War of Independence on Crete in 1823, arrests, abductions and the slaughter of his custodian father.

paragraph: In 1823, Antonios together with his two brothers, Emmanouil and Andreas were abducted by the Ottomans. The three orphaned boys were sold as slaves: Antonios, aged thirteen, to Constantinople; Emmanouil, fourteen, and the younger Andreas, to Alexandria, Egypt, where both converted to Islam. Later, in Alexandria, the two brothers pursued military careers where they reached very high-ranking positions. Emmanouil became a major general and then Minister of Military Affairs of Egypt, where he was known as Ismail Selim Pasha. The younger brother, Andreas, became the chief of Constabulary in Alexandria.

paragraph: Section::::Education and career.

paragraph: Antonios remained in Constantinople for six years as a slave. In 1829 he escaped to Odessa where, with the help of Alexandru Sturdza, he found employment in a Greek printing shop for some time. He also learned and improved his skills in the Greek language and was soon enrolled at the College of Agriculture and Agronomics in Odessa.

paragraph: After graduating in 1833, Antonios worked in Sturdza family estates where he cultivated land and also learned how to organize, maintain and trade livestock. He acquired skills that made him an excellent merchant. Later he was appointed director of Roxandra Sturdza’s vast estates in Bessarabia. In this position he expanded his knowledge in cattle-raising, animal husbandry and trade. He became a visionary businessman of discernment and wisdom. Living a simple life, he acquired large tracts of land and real estate to become a very wealthy man.

paragraph: Section::::Return to Athens.

paragraph: In 1848, settled permanently in Athens, Antonios acquired Greek citizenship and continued his profitable import-export and trade activities, where his assets increased enormously. He was actively involved in many social issues and numerous committees: the Educational Society, the Board of the National Bank of Greece, Charities, supporting orphanages and schools by allocating large sums of money to education and other national purposes. He also supported the Cretan war for independence from the Ottomans and aided Cretans in their fight for a free homeland.

paragraph: Section::::Death, bequest and endowments.

paragraph: He died on December 27, 1878. His will bequeathed to the University of Athens all of his tangible and intangible assets: real estate properties, including his homes and buildings, bonds, bank shares and accounts along with very large sums of money, all of which was invested to produce revenues which are still used for scholarships given to outstanding students every year and for the entire period of their studies in the University of Athens.

paragraph: Until the present day, more than three thousand “Antonios Papadakis Scholarships” have been administered from revenues that come from this bequest. The University of Athens, in honor of its greatest benefactor, erected a marble bust and a plaque in two of its historic buildings and the name of Antonios Papadakis has been engraved under that of its founder, King Otto. A marble mausoleum has also been erected in the First Cemetery of Athens.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encyclopedia PAPYRUS-LAROUSSE-BRITANNICA, 61 volumes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encyclopedia CHARI PATSI

paragraph: BULLET::::- The benefactors of the University of Athens by Dimitrios A. Dimitriadis

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.patris.gr/articles/92418?PHPSESSID=#.VcYLn6Qw_mS

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.krassanakis.gr/Venizelos.htm

wikidata_label: Antonios Papadakis

wikipedia_title: Antonios Papadakis


text:
Mexican Army
Antonio López de Santa Anna
San Bernandino Contla
Tlaxcala
lieutenant colonel
Mexican-American War
San Blas Battalion
battle of Chapultepec
Soy Nahuatl
Biografias

categories: History of Mexico,People from Tlaxcala,Mexican generals,Mexican–American War,Nahua people,1804 births

paragraph: Felipe Santiago Xicoténcatl

paragraph: Felipe Santiago Xicoténcatl (May 1, 1804 – September 13, 1847) was a general in the Mexican Army under president Antonio López de Santa Anna.

paragraph: Xicoténcatl was born in the town of San Bernandino Contla in the state of Tlaxcala. He joined the army in 1829 as a lieutenant. In 1843 he became lieutenant colonel. During the Mexican-American War Lt. Colonel Xicoténcatl led the San Blas Battalion. It is said that Lt. Col. Xicoténcatl in the battle of Chapultepec, refusing the idea of letting the American forces capture the Mexican flag identifying his battalion and severely wounded, wrapped himself with the flag and died beside his men.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soy Nahuatl

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biografias

description: mexican general

wikidata_label: Felipe Santiago Xicoténcatl

wikipedia_title: Felipe Santiago Xicoténcatl


text:
Prague
Jewish
Christian
baptized
merchant
mayor
Jesuits
Jesuit
Clementinum
Old Town of Prague
Catholic
beatification
appellate court
Kingdom of Bohemia
Church of Our Lady before Týn
broken on a wheel

categories: 1694 deaths,Czech children,Catholic martyrs,Czech Jews,Converts to Christianity,1681 births

paragraph: Simon Abeles

paragraph: Simon Abeles (1681 – 21 February 1694) was a Prague Jewish boy who died under unclear circumstances in the age of twelve. His Christian contemporaries put Simon's death in context of his desire to be baptized and was considered a religiously motivated murder.

paragraph: Section::::Life and death.

paragraph: Simon Abeles was born in a prominent Prague Jewish family. His father Lazar Abeles was a merchant. Simon's grandfather Moyses ben David Bunzel Abeles was the mayor of the Jewish Community in Prague.

paragraph: In the 1690s the Prague Jesuits led an aggressive missionary campaign focused on Jewish children and adolescents, encouraging them to become Christian. In the summer of 1693, 12-year-old Simon Abeles decided to resolve his problematic relations with his father by running away from home to the Jesuits in Clementinum (St. Clement's Jesuit College in the Old Town of Prague) where he learned the basics of the Catholic faith. Later his father took him back home.

paragraph: The tension continued between the fierce-tempered father and the defiant son, who was often beaten. On 21 February 1694, the boy's severe punishment ended in tragedy. Simon was hit so hard (probably by his relative Löbl Kurtzhandel in presence of Simon's father Lazar) that he fell and broke his neck. The two men tried to cover up the incident by hastily burying the body, but the affair soon came to light as a result of denunciation. The authorities ordered the body exhumed and arrested the boy's father, his third wife Leah and their cook. Lazar hanged himself, from fear of being tortured. Kurtzhandel was arrested and later was the only one to stand trial.

paragraph: The Jesuits sought the boy's beatification. The appellate court of the Kingdom of Bohemia allegedly fabricated a charge of premeditated murder out of hatred for the faith. On 31 March 1694 the boy was buried as a martyr with great pomp in the Church of Our Lady before Týn in Prague. Löbl Kurtzhandel was sentenced to be broken on a wheel. In order to reduce his suffering, however, he agreed to be baptized and before his beheading publicly admitted to the killing (although not to murder).

wikidata_label: Simon Abeles

wikipedia_title: Simon Abeles


text: Verona

text: engraving

text: Michelangelo

text: Sistine Chapel

text: Gavin Hamilton

text: Guido Reni

text: Antonio Balestra

text: Francesco Solimena

text: Felice Boscaratti

text: Grand Tour

text: Iliad

text: David Allan

text: Dionigi Valesi

text: Internet Archive

text: Antonio Balestra

text: Robert Adam

categories: Italian printmakers,1803 deaths,1724 births,People from Verona

paragraph: Domenico Cunego

paragraph: Domenico Cunego (1724/25 – 8 January 1803) was an Italian printmaker.

paragraph: Cunego was born at Verona. Having studied under the otherwise-unknown painter Francesco Ferrari, he began his artistic career as a painter, producing several works, all of which are now lost or untraceable. At age 18, however, he switched to engraving (a field in which he was possibly self-taught). He died in Rome.

paragraph: The engravings he made depicting Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling, published in Gavin Hamilton's "Schola Italica Picturae" (1773), were an important source for the artists of his time.

paragraph: He is notable not only for reproducing paintings by his famous fellow-countrymen like Guido Reni and Italian contemporaries such as Antonio Balestra, Francesco Solimena, and Felice Boscaratti, but also works by British artists in Italy catering to Grand Tourists. The latter included Gavin Hamilton's cycle of 6 works on the "Iliad" and David Allan's "Origin of Portraiture".

paragraph: His sons Luigi (b. 1750) and Giuseppe (b. 1760) were also engravers.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Illustrations for the 3-volume catalogue of Giacomo Muselli's coin collection, in collaboration with Dionigi Valesi (1752, 1756, 1760). Internet Archive

paragraph: BULLET::::- Views of Verona after drawings by T. Majeroni (1750s)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "St Thomas of Villanova" (1757), after a painting by Antonio Balestra (a frequent source for Cunego)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Some of the engravings for "Ruins of the palace of the Emperor Diocletian at Spalatro in Dalmatia." by Robert Adam, 1764

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Art Encyclopedia. The Concise Grove Dictionary of Art."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bryan, Michael (1903). "Bryan's dictionary of painters and engravers, Volume 1". G. Bell and sons

description: Italian engraver

wikidata_label: Domenico Cunego

wikipedia_title: Domenico Cunego


text:
figure skater
Richmond Trophy
Prague Skate
1976 Winter Olympics
1977 European Championships

categories: 1959 births,German female single skaters,Figure skaters at the 1976 Winter Olympics,Sportspeople from Chemnitz,Olympic figure skaters of East Germany,Living people

paragraph: Marion Weber

paragraph: Marion Weber (born 19 May 1959) is a former figure skater who competed for East Germany. She is the 1974 Richmond Trophy champion and 1977 Prague Skate silver medalist. Weber was selected to represent East Germany at the 1976 Winter Olympics and finished 11th. Her best ISU Championship result was fourth at the 1977 European Championships.

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: German figure skater

wikidata_label: Marion Weber

wikipedia_title: Marion Weber


text: patron saint

text: Isle of Man

text: Irish

text: Christianity

text: Saint Patrick

text: Brigit of Kildare

text: Maughold Head

text: Manx people

text: Maughold parish

text: St. Maughold’s Well

text: The Legend of St. Maughold

text: Folk-lore of the Isle of Man

categories: 488 deaths,5th-century Christian saints,Manx religious leaders,Manx saints

paragraph: Maughold

paragraph: Maughold (also known as Macaille, Maccaldus, Machalus, Machaoi, Machella, Maghor, Mawgan, Maccul, Macc Cuill); died c. 488 AD) is venerated as the patron saint of the Isle of Man. Tradition states that he was an Irish prince and captain of a band of freebooters who was converted to Christianity by Saint Patrick. His feast day is April 25. He is not St MacCaille of Croghan, County Offaly, who received Brigit of Kildare into religious life.

paragraph: Section::::Legend.

paragraph: One local legend relates that Maughold tried to make a fool out of Patrick. Maughold had, according to this story, placed a living man in a shroud. He then called for Patrick to try to revive the allegedly dead man. Patrick came, placed a hand on the shroud, and left. When Maughold and his friends opened the shroud, they found the man had died in the interim. One of Maughold's friends, a fellow named Connor, went over to Patrick's camp and apologized to him. Patrick returned and baptized all of the men assembled. He then blessed the man who had died, who immediately returned to life, and was also baptized. Patrick then criticized Maughold, saying he should have been helping his men into leading good lives, and told him he must make up for his evil.

paragraph: One story says that Maughold retired to the Isle of Man to avoid worldly temptation. Another account relates that as penance for his previous crimes, Patrick ordered him to abandon himself to God in a wicker boat without oars. Maughold drifted to this isle, where two of Patrick's disciples, Romulus and Conindrus (Romuil and Conindri), were already established. Tradition says he landed on the north-east corner of the Isle near Ramsey, at the foot of a headland since called Maughold Head, where he established himself in a cave on the mountain side. He is said to have been chosen by the Manx people to succeed Romuil and Conindri as bishop.

paragraph: Maughold is today best remembered on the Isle of Man for his kind disposition toward the Manx natives. Several places on the island, including, Maughold parish, St. Maughold's Well, and St. Maughold's Chair are named after him.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Maughold’s Well

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Legend of St. Maughold

paragraph: BULLET::::- Folk-lore of the Isle of Man

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maughold Kids Stories Irish culture and customs

description: Patron of the Isle of Man

wikidata_label: Maughold

wikipedia_title: Maughold


text: patron saint

text: Mequinenza

text: Aragón

text: Spain

text: feast day

text: virgin

text: Christian

text: slave

text: Mequinenza

text: List of slaves

text: Mequinensa page

text: Brotherhood of Saint Agatoclia page

text: Catholic Forum page

text: The Roman Martyrology for September 17

text: September 17 page of grousrv.com

categories: 3rd-century Romans,Saints from Hispania,3rd-century deaths,3rd-century births,Christian slaves and freedmen,3rd-century Christian saints

paragraph: Agathoclia

paragraph: Saint Agathoclia (Agathocleia; ) (d. ~230 AD) is venerated as a patron saint of Mequinenza, Aragón, Spain. Her feast day is September 17.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Tradition states that she was a virgin Christian slave owned by two people who had converted to paganism from Christianity, named Nicolas and Paulina. They subjected Agathoclia to regular physical abuse, including whipping and other violence, in an effort to get Agathoclia to renounce her faith. She repeatedly refused to do so.

paragraph: Her owners then subjected her to a public trial by a local magistrate. There too, she refused to renounce Christianity, which subjected her to savage mangling from the authorities. When she was found guilty, her sentence included having her tongue cut out, a nonfatal injury.

paragraph: There is some disagreement about how Agathoclia met her death. Some sources say that her mistress Paulina poured burning coals on her neck. Other sources say that she herself was cast into fire.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: The town of Mequinenza celebrates festivals in honor of Santa Agatoclia (called simply “La Santa”) from September 16 to 20. There is also a confraternity in the town dedicated to the saint.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of slaves

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mequinensa page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brotherhood of Saint Agatoclia page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Forum page

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Nicholas Russian Orthodox Church Dallas Texas page on Agathocleia

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Roman Martyrology for September 17

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dominican Martyrology page on September feasts

paragraph: BULLET::::- September 17 page of grousrv.com

description: Patron saint

wikidata_label: Agathoclia

wikipedia_title: Agathoclia


text: heavier-than-air

text: Covington

text: Georgia

text: Switzerland

text: Germany

text: Stevens Institute of Technology

text: Otto Lilienthal

text: Otto Lilienthal

text: Octave Chanute

text: Samuel Pierpont Langley

text: Silver Beach Amusement Park

text: St. Joseph, Michigan

text: Glenn Curtiss

text: Herring-Curtiss Company

text: Starling Burgess

text: Marblehead, Massachusetts

text: United States Army

text: World War I

text: Wright Brothers

text: History Flies in Michigan.

text: Chanute Exhibit.

text: Langley and Herring 1895.

text: Chanute and Herring 1896–8.

text: Herring and the Wright Brothers.

text: Chanute Papers at LOC.

text: Augustus Moore Herring Papers

categories: Aviation pioneers,Stevens Institute of Technology alumni,People from Covington, Georgia,1926 deaths,Aviation inventors,1867 births

paragraph: Augustus Moore Herring

paragraph: Augustus Moore Herring (August 3, 1867 – July 17, 1926) was an American aviation pioneer, who sometimes is claimed by Michigan promoters to be the first true aviator of a motorized heavier-than-air aircraft.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Herring was born in Covington, Georgia, to William F. Herring, a wealthy cotton broker, and his wife Cloe Perry Conyers. He studied in both Switzerland and Germany, before his family settled in New York in 1884. In 1885-6, as a student at the Stevens Institute of Technology, Herring was already building models of flying machines. By 1893, he had built a full sized glider – which he crashed when trying to leave the ground. He began studying glider expert Otto Lilienthal's work. In 1894, Herring built a Type 11-monoplane glider based on Otto Lilienthal‘s 1893 German patent.

paragraph: Herring was then hired by Octave Chanute to build and test aircraft models from plans drawn up by either Herring and Chanute. Later in 1895, Samuel Pierpont Langley hired Herring to assist in his experiments. Herring was rehired by Chanute in January 1896, but continued experimenting on his own. In December 1896, he applied for a patent of a man-supporting, heavier-than-air "flying machine" that was motor powered and controllable, but the patent application was rejected.

paragraph: On October 10, 1898, Herring telegraphed Chanute to come and watch him fly a powered aeroplane of his own design, based on the Chanute-type biplane structure, using a compressed air engine at Silver Beach Amusement Park in St. Joseph, Michigan. He could not get airborne. Herring was reported to have made a longer flight on October 22, witnessed by two locals.

paragraph: In 1909 Herring joined Glenn Curtiss to create the Herring-Curtiss Company. The next year, he left Curtiss and joined Starling Burgess in Marblehead, Massachusetts to design and build aeroplanes. He left Burgess after a year, following disagreements with another Burgess partner, Greely S. Curtis. Herring brought suit against Glenn Curtiss, claiming he had been cheated out of his property and ideas, but we have to remember that the patent Herring claimed to have did not exist.

paragraph: Herring did some aviation design work for the United States Army during World War I, he later was partially paralyzed by a series of strokes.

paragraph: He died in 1926 at the age of 59, survived by his wife, the former Lillian Mellen. Ironically, four years later Herring won his suit against Curtiss with a sizeable financial award.

paragraph: Section::::Claims as first to fly.

paragraph: Aviation historian Phil Scott in "The Shoulders of Giants: A History of Human Flight to 1919" (1995, ) wrote that he does not consider Herring a candidate for the first flight claim. Scott says Herring's glider was difficult to steer and his two-cylinder, three-horsepower compressed air engine could operate for only 30 seconds at a time. Scott considers Herring as having simply expanded the traditional hang-gliding by adding an engine.

paragraph: Herring's defenders point out that hang-glider fliers today steer their aircraft by shifting their body, as Herring did. This method was superseded by the Wright Brothers system of dynamic three axis control used by most aircraft flying today.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume one: ; volume two:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simine Short. 2011. "Locomotive to Aeromotive: Octave Chanute and the Transportation Revolution". University of Illinois Press.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History Flies in Michigan. . includes Michigan House Resolution No. 553 (2002) which honors and thanks Herring. Says Herring born in 1867.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chanute Exhibit. which mentions Herring work.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michigan History -Silver Beach St. Joseph, Michigan. with story of Herring 1898 flight.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photo of Augustus Herring's powered biplane

paragraph: BULLET::::- Langley and Herring 1895.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chanute and Herring 1896–8.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herring and the Wright Brothers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chanute Papers at LOC. with Herring letters.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Augustus Moore Herring Papers at Cornell University.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, 2009.

description: aircraft experimenter

wikidata_label: Augustus Moore Herring

wikipedia_title: Augustus Moore Herring


text:
saint
Catholic Church
Bridge-Building Brotherhood
Christian
shepherd
eclipse
Rhône River
Avignon
angel
Pont Saint-Bénézet
Saint Nicholas
patron saint
relics
incorrupt
translated
Celestine
pilgrimage
List of Catholic saints
Incorruptibles
Saints of April 14: Bénézet
Bénézet
L'histoire du Pont St Bénezet

categories: Medieval French saints,1184 deaths,12th-century Christian saints,1163

paragraph: Bénézet

paragraph: Saint Bénézet ("Benedict, Benezet, Benet, Benoît, the Bridge-Builder"), (ca. 1163–1184) is a saint of the Catholic Church, considered the founder of the Bridge-Building Brotherhood. Christian tradition states that he was a shepherd boy who saw a vision during an eclipse in 1177. This told him to build a bridge over the Rhône River at Avignon.

paragraph: He was told that angels would watch over his flocks in his absence. He built the bridge single-handedly; ecclesiastical and civil authorities refused to help him. Bénézet, it is said, lifted a huge stone into place, and announced it would be the start of the foundation.

paragraph: This would become the Pont Saint-Bénézet.

paragraph: According to the legend, there were shouts of "Miracle! Miracle!" when Bénézet had laid the first stone. Eighteen miracles occurred in total: the blind had their vision restored, the deaf could hear again, cripples could walk; and hunchbacks had their backs straightened.

paragraph: Bénézet thus won support for his project from wealthy sponsors who formed themselves into a Bridge Brotherhood to fund its construction.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: After his death, Bénézet was interred on the bridge itself, in a small chapel dedicated to Saint Nicholas, patron saint of mariners, standing on one of the bridge's surviving piers on the Avignon side. His relics were enshrined there until 1669, when a flood washed away part of the bridge. His coffin, recovered, was opened and the body of Bénézet was found to be incorrupt. The relics were translated to Avignon cathedral and thence to the Celestine church of Saint Didier. The remains of the bridge still remain a pilgrimage site.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic saints

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Incorruptibles, a list of Catholic saints and beati whose bodies are reported to be incorrupt; that is, the bodies did not undergo any major decay after their burial and hence are considered to be under some form of divine protection.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saints of April 14: Bénézet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bénézet

paragraph: BULLET::::- L'histoire du Pont St Bénezet

description: French saint

wikidata_label: Bénézet of Avignon

wikipedia_title: Bénézet


text:
American
boxer
Lineal championship
bantamweight
Laredo
Webb County
Texas
Jeff Chandler
World Boxing Association
Richie Sandoval
Raúl Pérez
World Boxing Council
World Boxing Organization
Duke McKenzie
Orlando Canizales
List of lineal boxing world champions
List of bantamweight boxing champions
List of WBA world champions
List of WBO world champions

wikipedia_title:
United States
Boxing
Lineal championship
Bantamweight
Laredo, Texas
Webb County, Texas
Texas
Jeff Chandler (boxer)
World Boxing Association
Richie Sandoval
Raúl Pérez (boxer)
World Boxing Council
World Boxing Organization
Duke McKenzie
Orlando Canizales
List of lineal boxing world champions
List of bantamweight boxing champions
List of WBA world champions
List of WBO world champions

categories: 1960 births,World Boxing Organization champions,Boxers from Texas,American male boxers,World boxing champions,Bantamweight boxers,World Boxing Association champions,People from Laredo, Texas,Living people,World bantamweight boxing champions,American boxers of Mexican descent

paragraph: Gaby Canizales

paragraph: Jose 'Gaby' Canizales (born May 1, 1960) is a retired American boxer who won the Lineal championship in the bantamweight division.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Canizales was born in Laredo in Webb County, Texas.

paragraph: Section::::Pro career.

paragraph: Canizales turned pro in 1979 and in 1983 challenged Jeff Chandler for the World Boxing Association (WBA) bantamweight title but lost a decision. In 1986 he landed a shot at Richie Sandoval for the Lineal and WBA bantamweight title. Canizales dominated, and knocked Sandoval down once in the 1st, once in the 5º, and three times in the 7th round, winning via a 7th-round knockout. He lost the belt in his first defense to Bernardo Pinango via decision. In 1990, he challenged Raúl Pérez for the World Boxing Council bantamweight title but lost a decision. In 1991, he challenged Miguel Lora for the vacant World Boxing Organization bantamweight title and won via 2nd-round knockout. He lost the belt in his first defense to Duke McKenzie via decision, and retired after the loss.

paragraph: He is the brother of former bantamweight champion Orlando Canizales. Both brothers obtained the title of world boxing champion at the same age and weight.

paragraph: The Orlando & Gaby Canizales Boxing Gym and Community Center on Guadalupe Street in Laredo is named in honor of the brothers. The facility was expanded in 2014.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of lineal boxing world champions

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of bantamweight boxing champions

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of WBA world champions

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of WBO world champions

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gaby Canizales - CBZ Profile

description: American boxer

wikidata_label: Gaby Canizales

wikipedia_title: Gaby Canizales


text:
Paris
French
Revolution
physiologist
Jean Pierre Flourens
Collège de France
Emile Flourens
Third Republic
Collège de France
history of mankind
manifold origin
Brussels
Constantinople
Athens
Cretan insurrection
Cretan Revolutionary Assembly
Victor Hugo
Italy
duel
Paul de Cassagnac
republicanism
La Marseillaise
Belleville
Napoleon III
tirailleur
Vincennes
Mazas
Commune
20th arrondissement
Chatou
Rueil
Gendarmerie
Jules Verne
Captain Nemo
Sarah Bernhardt
Paris Commune
France in the nineteenth century

categories: Politicians from Paris,1838 births,People of the Paris Commune,1871 deaths

paragraph: Gustave Flourens

paragraph: Gustave Flourens (4 August 1838 in Paris – 3 April 1871) was a French Revolutionary leader and writer, son of the physiologist Jean Pierre Flourens (who was Professor at the "Collège de France" and deputy in 1838-1839). He was also the elder brother of Emile Flourens, who became minister of foreign affairs under the Third Republic.

paragraph: At 25 years of age Flourens undertook in 1863, on behalf of his father, a course of lectures at the Collège de France, on the subject of the history of mankind. His theories as to the manifold origin of the human race gave offence to the clergy, and he was prevented from delivering further lectures. He then went to Brussels, where he published his lectures under the title of "Histoire de l’homme" (1863). Gustave Flourens then visited Constantinople and Athens and took part in the Cretan insurrection of 1866-1868; he was one of those chosen for a difficult mission to Athens on behalf of the Cretan Revolutionary Assembly. He attempted to convince influential people, such as Victor Hugo, to support the Cretan insurrection. Gustave Flourens then spent some time in Italy, where an article of his in the "Fe polo d'Italia" caused his arrest and imprisonment, and finally, having returned to France, nearly lost his life in a duel with Paul de Cassagnac, editor of the "Pays".

paragraph: In Paris he devoted his time to the cause of "red republicanism", and begin writing articles in the "La Marseillaise" weekly newspaper. At length, having failed in an attempt to organize a revolution at Belleville on 7 February 1870, was compelled to flee from France. Returning to Paris on the downfall of Napoleon III, placed himself at the head of a body of 500 "tirailleurs" (sharpshooters). Because of his insurrectionary proceedings (he was one of the organizers of the 31 October 1870 riot against the provisional government's moderate policy) he was taken prisoner at Créteil, near Vincennes, by the provisional government, and confined at Mazas on 7 December 1870, but was released by his men on the night of 21–22 January. On 18 March he joined the population's uprising, was elected a member of the revolutionary Commune by the 20th arrondissement, and was named general. Gustave Flourens was one of the most active leaders of the insurrection, and after a sortie against the Versailles troops in the morning of 3 April, he fled into an inn near the bridge that separates Chatou and Rueil. There, after he was captured and disarmed by the Gendarmerie, he was murdered by Captain Jean-Marc Démaret. Besides his "Science de l'homme" (Paris, 1869), Flourens was also the author of numerous fugitive pamphlets.

paragraph: Section::::Possible influence on Jules Verne.

paragraph: In his notes to modern editions of some of Jules Verne's works William Butcher has suggested that one of Verne's most famous characters, Captain Nemo, is based on Gustave Flourens. This view has been challenged by Leonidas Kallivretakis.(accurate citation needed)

paragraph: Section::::Friendship with Sarah Bernhardt.

paragraph: In her autobiography, My Double Life (p. 220), the actress Sarah Bernhardt described him as follows:

paragraph: "I also knew and frequently saw a mad sort of fellow, full of dreams and Utopian follies. His name was Flourens, and he was tall and nice-looking. He wanted every one to be happy and every one to have money, and he shot down the soldiers without reflecting that he was commencing by making one or more of them unhappy. Reasoning with him was impossible, but he was charming and brave. I saw him two days before his death. He came to see me with a very young girl who wanted to devote herself to dramatic art. I promised him to help her. Two days later the poor child came to tell me of the heroic death of Flourens. He had refused to surrender, and, stretching out his arms, had shouted to the hesitating soldiers, 'Shoot, shoot! I should not have spared you!' And their bullets killed him."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paris Commune

paragraph: BULLET::::- France in the nineteenth century

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- This work in turn cites:

paragraph: BULLET::::- C. Prolès, "Les Hommes de la revolution de 1871" (Paris, 1898).

description: French Revolutionary leader and writer

wikidata_label: Gustave Flourens

wikipedia_title: Gustave Flourens