text:
Moguer
Spanish
navigator
explorer
Chile
Valdivia
Barbara Channel
Clarence Island
Santa Ines Island
Strait of Magellan
West Indies
Sebastian Cabot
Antonio de Mendoza
Mexico
Buenaventura
Colombia
Hernando Cortés
Tehuantepec
Panama
Quito
Lima
encomienda
Chuquiago
Don García Hurtado de Mendoza
Concepción, Chile
Francisco de Cortés Hojea
Nelson Strait
Desolación Island
Santa Inés Island
Cape Virgenes
Punta de San Gregorio
Bahia Posesión
South Atlantic
Valdivia
Ladrillero Channel

categories: 1490s births,Spanish explorers,1559 deaths,16th-century explorers

paragraph: Juan Ladrillero

paragraph: Juan Fernández Ladrillero (b. c. 1490 in Moguer – 1559) was a 16th-century Spanish navigator and explorer who from 1557 to 1559 explored the coast of Chile from Valdivia (39° 48’ S) to the Barbara Channel (54° S, between Clarence Island and Santa Ines Island). He was the first to navigate the Strait of Magellan from its western entrance to its eastern and back again.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Ladrillero went to sea at an early age. In 1535, after having made eleven round voyages from Spain to the West Indies, he received a pilot's license from Sebastian Cabot. He piloted the fleet that brought Don Antonio de Mendoza to Mexico as viceroy, and in 1539-40 commanded a fleet of five sail, with which he discovered the Bahia de la Cruz and helped to found Buenaventura in Colombia. In 1539 he had commanded Hernando Cortés's "San Lázaro", carrying various goods from Tehuantepec to Panama. In 1545 he left for Quito, then moved to Lima. He spent several years in retirement on his encomienda in Chuquiago.

paragraph: Section::::Exploration of southern Chile.

paragraph: At end of 1557 the governor general of Chile, Don García Hurtado de Mendoza, placed Ladrillero in command of an expedition "to discover, explore and take formal possession of all the country from Valdivia south, and through the Strait of Magellan." On 17 November, with the ships "San Luis" and "San Sebastián", and the "San Salvador", he sailed from Concepción, Chile. On 9 December, Ladrillero, in the "San Luis", was separated from the other two vessels under Francisco de Cortés Hojea—who would explore the Chilean fjords and sounds to the southward independently (by themselves).

paragraph: Ladrillero spent the month of January 1558 exploring the intricate coastline of southern Chile. After calling at the place he named "Bahia de San Lazáro" (now known as Nelson Strait, at 51° 30’ S) and passing the western entrance of the Strait of Magellan, he sailed along Desolación Island, past Santa Inés Island and entered the Barbara Channel (aka Canal Santa Barbara), which connects to the strait. From 22 March to 22 July he stayed in a harbor he named "Nuestra Señora de los Remedios" and which he locates at around latitude 53° 30’ S; probably the harbor now named Sea Shell.

paragraph: He probably entered the strait near the end of July; by 9 August he had reached Cape Virgenes. He ventured up several channels, only to find them dead ends. Landing at Punta de San Gregorio, he took formal possession of the region for Spain. Only one of his names from this voyage survives today: Bahia Posesión. He spent less than a day in the South Atlantic before turning back, probably not reaching the western entrance before early March 1559. After a stormy passage, he made Valdivia.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ladrillero Channel

description: Spanish explorer

wikidata_label: Juan Ladrillero

wikipedia_title: Juan Ladrillero


text: Lisieux

text: Calvados

text: Cergy-Pontoise

text: Val-d'Oise

text: experimental music

text: Academy Award

text: Golden Globe Award

text: Jackie Gleason

text: Gigot

text: Barbarella

text: OSS 117

text: Françoise Sagan

text: Juliette Gréco

text: accompaniment

text: Château d'Hérouville

text: Pontoise

text: recording studio

text: Elton John

text: Honky Château

text: Pink Floyd

text: David Bowie

text: Jethro Tull

text: Cat Stevens

text: Bee Gees

text: Hérouville

text: Le Pain vivant

text: Détournement de mineures

text: Les Sérum de bonté

text: Les Filles sèment le vent

text: Les Livreurs

text: Les Laches vivent d'espoir

text: Rodophe Bresdin

text: Gigot

text: Le Diable et les Dix Commandements

text: Le Repos du guerrier

text: Les filles de La Rochelle

text: Konga Yo

text: Un singe en hiver

text: Les Bricoleurs

text: Le Gorille a mordu l'archevêque

text: Les Tontons flingueurs

text: Germinal

text: Les Grands Chemins

text: Symphonie pour un massacre

text: Les Femmes d'abord

text: Le Vice et la vertu

text: Des frissons partout

text: Méfiez-vous, mesdames

text: OSS 117 se déchaîne

text: Tante Aurore viendra ce soir

text: Mélodie en sous-sol

text: Angélique, Marquise des Anges

text: Les Barbouzes

text: Fantômas

text: La Ronde

text: Cyrano et d'Artagnan

text: La chasse à l'homme

text: Le Monocle rit jaune

text: Banco à Bangkok pour OSS 117

text: Le Gentleman de Cocody

text: Les Gros bras

text: Fantômas se déchaîne

text: Les Bons Vivants

text: Coplan FX 18 casse tout

text: Mission spéciale à Caracas

text: Par un beau matin d'été

text: Furia à Bahia pour OSS 117

text: A Woman in White

text: Merveilleuse Angélique

text: La Bonne Occase

text: Compartiment tueurs

text: Atout cœur à Tokyo pour OSS 117

text: To Skin a Spy

text: Brigade antigangs

text: Angélique et le roy

text: Estouffade à la Caraïbe

text: Johnny Banco

text: À cœur joie

text: Un homme de trop

text: Fantômas contre Scotland Yard

text: Batouk

text: The Sergeant

text: Sous le signe de Monte-Cristo

text: Le Bâtard

text: Barbarella

text: Catherine - il suffit d'un amour

text: Les Étrangers

text: Cold Sweat

text: Cran d'arrêt

text: Le Complot

text: Roger Vadim

text: Moi y'en a vouloir des sous

text: Les Chinois à Paris

text: Néa

text: Viol

text: Les Misérables

text: T'es folle ou quoi?

text: S.A.S. à San Salvador

text: Surprise Party

text: L'indic

text: Réveillon chez Bob

text: Emmanuelle 4

text: Michel Magne

categories: 20th-century French composers,1984 deaths,French film score composers,People from Lisieux,Male film score composers,1930 births,Suicides in France

paragraph: Michel Magne

paragraph: Michel Magne (20 March 1930 in Lisieux, Calvados, France – 19 December 1984 in Cergy-Pontoise, Val-d'Oise) was a French film and experimental music composer. He was nominated in 1962 for an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for adapting the Jackie Gleason score to film "Gigot". He also scored "Barbarella" and a series of OSS 117 films.

paragraph: Magne wrote some songs with lyrics by Françoise Sagan for Juliette Gréco and provided orchestral accompaniment.

paragraph: In 1962, he purchased the Château d'Hérouville, near Pontoise, and converted it into a residential recording studio in 1969, known as "Studio d'enregistrement Michel Magne", which through the 1970s was used by a series of artists such as Elton John (at his Honky Château), Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Jethro Tull, Cat Stevens, and the Bee Gees among many others.

paragraph: In 1972, he married Marie-Claude, , having met her in 1970, near Hérouville while she was hitch-hiking as a schoolgirl. The couple moved to the south of France in 1974.

paragraph: Magne committed suicide in 1984, in a hotel room.

paragraph: Section::::Film scores.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Pain vivant"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Détournement de mineures"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Sérum de bonté" (TV series)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Filles sèment le vent"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Livreurs"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Laches vivent d'espoir"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rodophe Bresdin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gigot" (arranged and conducted only)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Diable et les Dix Commandements"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Repos du guerrier"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les filles de La Rochelle"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Konga Yo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Un singe en hiver"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Bricoleurs"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Gorille a mordu l'archevêque"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Tontons flingueurs"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Germinal"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Grands Chemins"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Symphonie pour un massacre"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Femmes d'abord"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Vice et la vertu"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Des frissons partout"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Méfiez-vous, mesdames"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "OSS 117 se déchaîne"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tante Aurore viendra ce soir"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mélodie en sous-sol"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Angélique, Marquise des Anges"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Barbouzes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fantômas"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Ronde"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cyrano et d'Artagnan"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La chasse à l'homme"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Monocle rit jaune"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Banco à Bangkok pour OSS 117"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Gentleman de Cocody"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Gros bras"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fantômas se déchaîne"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Bons Vivants"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coplan FX 18 casse tout"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mission spéciale à Caracas"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Par un beau matin d'été"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Furia à Bahia pour OSS 117"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Woman in White"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Merveilleuse Angélique"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Bonne Occase"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Compartiment tueurs"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Atout cœur à Tokyo pour OSS 117"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "To Skin a Spy"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brigade antigangs"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Angélique et le roy"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Estouffade à la Caraïbe"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Johnny Banco"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "À cœur joie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Un homme de trop"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fantômas contre Scotland Yard"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Batouk"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sergeant"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sous le signe de Monte-Cristo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Bâtard" (musical direction)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Barbarella" (musical direction)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catherine - il suffit d'un amour"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Étrangers"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cold Sweat"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cran d'arrêt"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tout le monde il est beau, tout le monde il est gentil"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Complot"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Don Juan ou Si Don Juan était une femme..." de Roger Vadim (orchestration)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Moi y'en a vouloir des sous"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Chinois à Paris"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Néa"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Viol"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Misérables"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "T'es folle ou quoi?"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983

paragraph: BULLET::::- "S.A.S. à San Salvador"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Surprise Party"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'indic"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Réveillon chez Bob"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Emmanuelle 4"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michel Magne, Space Age Pop

paragraph: BULLET::::- , Magne biography in English

description: French composer

wikidata_label: Michel Magne

wikipedia_title: Michel Magne


text:
United States Representative
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia
bar
Easton, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention
Federalist
Fourth
Fifth
impeachment
William Blount
Great Britain
Jay treaty
American Revolution
Fries's Rebellion
tax revolt
Pennsylvania Dutch
treason
President John Adams
burgess
Easton Area Public Library
Northampton County
Lafayette College
Easton Cemetery
Lewis Allaire Scott
Mayor of Philadelphia
John Morin Scott
The Political Graveyard

categories: Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania,Politicians from Philadelphia,1827 deaths,Politicians from Easton, Pennsylvania,Federalist Party members of the United States House of Representatives,1764 births,Pennsylvania Federalists

paragraph: Samuel Sitgreaves

paragraph: Samuel Sitgreaves (March 16, 1764 – April 4, 1827) was a United States Representative from Pennsylvania. Born in Philadelphia, he pursued classical studies, studied law, was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia on September 3, 1783 and began practice in Easton, Pennsylvania in 1786. He was a delegate to the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention in 1790, and was elected as a Federalist to the Fourth and Fifth Congresses, serving from March 4, 1795, until his resignation in 1798. Sitgreaves was one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1798 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against Senator William Blount. On August 11, 1798, Sitgreaves was appointed United States commissioner to Great Britain under the Jay treaty, regarding British debt claims arising from the American Revolution.

paragraph: Section::::Service after Congress.

paragraph: After his involvement in the Blount affair of 1797, Sitgreaves was considered the Congressional expert on treason. As such, Sitgreaves was asked to lead the prosecution against John Fries and the others responsible for carrying out Fries's Rebellion, an armed tax revolt among Pennsylvania Dutch farmers between 1799 and 1800. Sitgreaves was successful in his prosecution and the jury in the case found the men guilty of treason, but a second trial and an eventual pardon from President John Adams saved the rebels from execution.

paragraph: Sitgreaves returned to Easton, where he served as a burgess from 1804 to 1807, helped to found the Easton Library (now Easton Area Public Library), served as treasurer of Northampton County from 1816 to 1819, and resumed the practice of law. He founded Trinity Episcopal Church in Easton on February 9, 1819 and donated land for the church building which was consecrated by Bishop William White in October 1820. He was president of the Easton Bank from 1815 to 1827, and trustee to Lafayette College from 1826 to 1827. He died in Easton; interment was initially in the churchyard at Trinity Church and he was later re-interred in Easton Cemetery after its founding in 1849.

paragraph: His sister Julianna married Lewis Allaire Scott, and was the mother of Mayor of Philadelphia John Morin Scott (1789–1858).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Political Graveyard

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Samuel Sitgreaves

wikipedia_title: Samuel Sitgreaves


text:
Spanish
Hernán Cortés
Mexico
fought there
castaway
Cuba
Seville
conquistador
Christopher Columbus
cabin boy
Gulf of Darién
Santo Domingo
Matanzas
local chiefs
acculturated
conquistador
Pedro Sánchez Farfán
Pánfilo de Narváez
Tenochtitlan
Bernal Díaz del Castillo
Spanish
bloody unrest
Noche Triste
Tlaxcallan
Diego Muñoz Camargo
rodelero
Battle of Otumba
Diego Durán
Popocatépetl
Nahua
Hueyapan
Santiago
encomienda
Tetela del Volcán
Puebla
Marina de la Caballería
Alonso de Estrada
Doña Marina
List of people from Morelos, Mexico

categories: People from Morelos,Spanish emigrants to Mexico,Year of birth uncertain,16th-century Spanish women,Colonial Mexico,Women in war in Spain,Year of death missing,Women in 16th-century warfare

paragraph: María Estrada

paragraph: María de Estrada (c. 1475 or 1486 – between 1537–48) was a Spanish woman who participated in the expedition of Hernán Cortés to Mexico in 1519–24. She traveled as a conquistador and fought there. There is also some evidence that she had previously spent several years as a castaway among the native inhabitants of pre-colonial Cuba.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: María Estrada (the surname is given as Destrada or Estrada in some sources) was born in Seville, although her father came originally from northern Spain. Her brother, the conquistador, Francisco de Estrada, had accompanied Christopher Columbus as a cabin boy, and when he returned to the New World to settle permanently in 1509, Maria probably travelled with him.

paragraph: Section::::Castaway in Cuba.

paragraph: According to a widely accepted identification, María joined an early expedition to the Gulf of Darién, perhaps accompanying her brother or an unrecorded husband. Their attempt to establish a settlement was a failure, and on the return journey to Santo Domingo, her vessel was shipwrecked on the island of Cuba.

paragraph: At first, the locals treated the marooned Spanish crew well, helping them to travel along the coast; but at the place later known as Matanzas, the castaways were betrayed and massacred. The woman identified as Maria de Estrada was one of a handful of survivors, taken captive by one of the local chiefs who had led the attack.

paragraph: For several years, she lived among the natives, one of the first Europeans to become acculturated to indigenous life in the Americas. In 1513, she was released thanks to the arrival of conquistadors on the island. Soon afterwards, she married one of these Spanish colonists, named Pedro Sánchez Farfán.

paragraph: Section::::Cortés expedition to Mexico.

paragraph: In 1519, Pedro Sánchez Farfán joined the expedition of Hernán Cortés, and fought in the initial Spanish conquest of Mexico, but it is not clear whether his wife went with him. Some modern sources indicate that María de Estrada only arrived on the mainland in April 1520, with the rival expedition of Pánfilo de Narváez, which included her brother Francisco, and which joined forces with Cortés at the end of May 1520.

paragraph: María was certainly with the combined army after it returned to the native capital at Tenochtitlan in June 1520: according to Bernal Díaz del Castillo, she was the only Spanish woman with them at this point. There had been the bloody unrest in Cortés' absence, and now the conquistadors were struck by a full-scale native revolt known as the "Noche Triste": after a week of street battles, the army was forced to fight its way back out of the city, suffering heavy casualties and losing most of its baggage and artillery.

paragraph: Most of the early sources refer to María de Estrada in general terms among the small number of women who accompanied the army at this time, but two writers of the later sixteenth century single her out as a soldier. The Tlaxcallan chronicler Diego Muñoz Camargo wrote that she fought her way out of the city as a rodelero during the battle, proving herself "as good a warrior as any man", and that she participated in the decisive charge of armored cavalry at the Battle of Otumba. The Dominican historian Diego Durán claims that she subsequently led a force of conquistadors into the area around Popocatépetl, where, she defeated the Nahua Indians of Hueyapan, charging head first and screaming "Santiago!"

paragraph: Cortés certainly gave María and her husband an extensive "encomienda" in this area, based at Tetela del Volcán, with subsidiary units at Nepopozalco and at Hueyapan itself, while Sanchéz Farfán also gained additional estates further to the west. When she was widowed in the 1530s, María de Estrada assumed direct control of the estate, and in this capacity, she filed a petition to the king of Spain to ask for lighter taxation of her lands. Eventually, María de Estrada remarried to Alonso Martín, a civilian settler in Puebla, but by 1561, his relatives were fighting over the inheritance: instead, the "encomienda" was annexed to the royal domains of the king of Spain - it seems that neither María nor her first husband had surviving descendants.

paragraph: Section::::Academic perspectives.

paragraph: The basic fact that María de Estrada accompanied Cortés' army to Mexico is vouched for by eyewitness memoirs, but historians do not agree about the reliability of the evidence on which her detailed biography is based.

paragraph: Luisa Campuzano, in the fullest discussion of the problem, concluded that the sources support each other, and provide a consistent factual and psychological portrait, but other historians have been more cautious, suggesting that María de Estrada's military prowess may be a literary fiction, and inferring that she arrived in the New World too late to be the castaway rescued in 1513. A later date for her arrival in the Americas would imply that María de Estrada was Sanchéz Farfán's second wife, a different woman from the castaway he had married in Cuba, although the sources providing these dates seem to be unaware of his earlier marriage.

paragraph: Adding to the problems, historians have sometimes muddled María de Estrada with other women associated with the conquistadors in Mexico: she has been confused with Marina de la Caballería, the wife of the prominent settler Alonso de Estrada., who in turn has been misidentified with the native princess Doña Marina,

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of people from Morelos, Mexico

description: Spanish explorer

wikidata_label: María Estrada

wikipedia_title: María Estrada


text:
Czech
ice hockey
HC Dynamo Pardubice
Czech Extraliga
Czech Extraliga
HC Plzeň
2014-15 Czech Extraliga season

categories: HC Plzeň players,HC Dynamo Pardubice players,1993 births,Czech ice hockey players,Living people

paragraph: Matěj Beran

paragraph: Matěj Beran (born November 11, 1993) is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing for HC Dynamo Pardubice of the Czech Extraliga.

paragraph: Beran made his Czech Extraliga debut playing with HC Plzeň during the 2014-15 Czech Extraliga season.

wikidata_label: Matěj Beran

wikipedia_title: Matěj Beran


text: Tokyo Kyojin

text: Japanese Baseball League

text: Hankyu Braves

text: Yomiuri Giants

text: Best Nine Award

text: Central League

text: 1951 Japan Series

text: Nankai Hawks

text: Taiyo-Shochiku Robins

text: Kazuhiro Yamauchi

text: Taiyo Whales

text: Yomiuri Giants

categories: Yokohama DeNA BayStars managers,Japanese baseball players,Taiyō Whales players,Nippon Professional Baseball outfielders,Hankyu Braves players,1997 deaths,Yomiuri Giants players,1924 births,Managers of baseball teams in Japan

paragraph: Noboru Aota

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Playing career.

paragraph: Aota made his professional debut at age 17 in 1942 with the Tokyo Kyojin of the Japanese Baseball League (JBL). After the 1942 season (also with Tokyo), Aota left professional baseball to serve in the Japanese military through 1945. He returned to the JBL in 1946 with the Hankyu Braves, for whom he played through the 1947 season.

paragraph: Upon joining the Yomiuri Giants (the renamed Tokyo Kyojin) in 1948, Aota became one of the league's top home run hitters. He was a Best Nine Award winner in 1948, winning the batting crown and the home run championship. He was again a Best Nine Award-winner in 1950, and in 1951 he led the Central League in home runs (32), RBI (105), and runs (101). He hit a home run in the 1951 Japan Series, when the Giants defeated the Nankai Hawks, 4 games to 2 for their first NPB championship.

paragraph: Aota joined the Taiyo-Shochiku Robins in 1953, and led the Central League in home runs in 1954 and 1956, and tied for the league lead in 1957.

paragraph: Aota retired in 1959 at age 34 as the Japanese professional baseball career leader with 265 career homers (he was surpassed in 1963 by Kazuhiro Yamauchi, the first Japanese professional baseball player to hit 300 home runs). Aoto is one of the few Japanese players to surpass 1,000 RBI in his career. He also had 155 career stolen bases.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Coaching career.

paragraph: Aota returned to NPB in 1972 as a manager, taking over the Taiyo Whales mid-season and only going 1-14-2. He stayed on with Taiyo in 1973, when the team went 60-64-6. Aota then became a coach, but was forced into retirement from the Yomiuri Giants in 1980 after being quoted saying something controversial in a Japanese tabloid.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Nippon Professional Baseball players with 1,000 runs batted in

description: Japanese baseball player

wikidata_label: Noboru Aota

wikipedia_title: Noboru Aota


text:
Belgian
Roman Catholic Bishop
Gent
Meerbeke
Ghent
Brussels
humanities
Ninove
Dendermonde
Ghent
Canon law
Catholic University of Louvain
Aalst
Moral Theology
chief chaplain
Pope John Paul II
coadjutor bishop
Ghent
Léonce-Albert Van Peteghem
Van Peteghem
André de Witte
Ruy Barbosa, Bahia
Brazil
Cardinal Joos
the pope
Belgian Bishops' Conference

categories: 1932 births,Roman Catholic bishops in Belgium,20th-century Roman Catholic bishops,People from East Flanders,Bishops of Ghent,Belgian Roman Catholic theologians,Living people

paragraph: Arthur Luysterman

paragraph: Arthur Luysterman (born 18 March 1932) is a Belgian Roman Catholic Bishop. He served as the twenty-ninth Bishop of Gent between 1991 and 2003.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Arthur Luysterman was born in Meerbeke, a village in the intensively developed countryside between Ghent and Brussels. He was the eldest of his parents' four children.

paragraph: He attended school locally, obtaining a grounding in Graeco-Latin humanities at the St Aloysius College in Ninove and Our Lady's College, Dendermonde before abandoning an earlier ambition to become a lawyer and entering the seminary of Ghent in 1950: he was ordained into the priesthood on 26 August 1956.

paragraph: He received a degrees and a doctorate in Canon law from the Catholic University of Louvain in 1959. After this he joined the military seminary in Aalst the produced military chaplains (""Centre d’Instruction de Base"" / CIBE), initially as Professor of Moral Theology and later with more general responsibilities. However, over the years the number of candidates coming forward for training reduced, and in the end the institution was closed. After this, on 1 February 1973 he became chief chaplain to the Belgian armed forces, a post he retained till 13 July 1990.

paragraph: On 13 July 1990 (a Friday) Pope John Paul II appointed Luysterman coadjutor bishop of Ghent. He was consecrated a bishop by Léonce-Albert Van Peteghem, the Bishop of Ghent, on 21 October of the same year. Just over a year later, when Van Peteghem retired on 27 December 1991, Luysterman succeeded him. He took as his episcopal motto "Et in terra pax" (""and Peace on Earth"").

paragraph: He was the founder of the Fund for Church Buildings in the Diocese of Ghent. During his time the number of seminarians declined and the episcopal seminary was closed, but he insisted that the quality of candidates for ordination was more important than their quantity. On 28 August 1994 he was a principal co-consecrator of the Bishop André de Witte as bishop of Ruy Barbosa, Bahia in Brazil. On 11 October 2003 he was principal consecrator for Cardinal Joos.

paragraph: After reaching the age of 70, Arthur Luysterman offered his resignation to the pope. This was accepted on 19 December 2003. Since then, as an emeritus bishop, he has nevertheless continued as a member of the Belgian Bishops' Conference.

description: Belgian theologian and priest

wikidata_label: Arthur Luysterman

wikipedia_title: Arthur Luysterman


text:
Rouen
French
Admiral
Brest
New Zealand
François Guizot
Vietnam
Charner
British
China
Théodore de Lagrené
Basilan
Hong Kong
Spain
Philippines
Dominique Lefèbvre
Danang
Singapore
Okinawa
Japan
Nagasaki
Korea
Andrew Kim Taegon
Tourane
Bombardment of Đà Nẵng
Rigault de Genouilly
Da Nang
Saigon
Seine-Inférieure
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
Senator
Ōsumi Islands
Crozet Islands
French cruiser
"Amiral Cécille"
France-Japan relations (19th century)

categories: 1787 births,Members of the 1848 Constituent Assembly,People from Rouen,Military history of Vietnam,Party of Order politicians,French Senators of the Second Empire,Politicians from Normandy,1873 deaths,Members of the National Legislative Assembly of the French Second Republic,French Navy admirals,Bonapartists

paragraph: Jean-Baptiste Cécille

paragraph: Jean-Baptiste Thomas Médée Cécille (16 October 1787, Rouen – 9 November 1873) was a French Admiral and politician who played an important role in the French intervention of Vietnam. He also circumnavigated the globe.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: In 1837–1839, Cécille circumnavigated the world as the commander of the corvette "Héroïne". He left Brest on 1 July 1837 with the objective of protecting French whaling ships. He contributed to the survey of New Zealand.

paragraph: In 1843, the French Foreign Minister François Guizot sent a fleet to Vietnam under Admiral Cécille and Captain Charner, which started the French intervention in Vietnam. The move responded to the successes of the British in China in 1842, and France hoped to counterbalance these successes by accessing China from the south. The pretext however was to support British efforts in China, and to fight the persecution of French missionaries in Vietnam. The fleet, accompanied by the diplomat Théodore de Lagrené, tried to seize the island of Basilan in order to create a base similar to Hong Kong, but projects had to be abandoned following the strong opposition of Spain claiming the island was part of the Philippines.

paragraph: In 1845 Guizot sent Cécille to Vietnam to obtain the release of a Catholic missionary, Bishop Dominique Lefèbvre.

paragraph: Two years later, in 1847, when Lefèbvre was recaptured, Cécille sent Captain Lapierre to Danang to obtain the release of the bishop yet again. It is not established if Captain Lapierre knew that Bishop Lefebvre had already been freed and was on his way to Singapore before he started his attack by first dismantling the masts of some Vietnamese ships. Subsequently, on 14 April 1847, the French continued their attack by sinking the remaining five bronze-plated ships in the bay of Danang.

paragraph: In June 1846, Cécille sailed to Okinawa to try to establish relations with Japan. He then sailed to Nagasaki but was denied landing.

paragraph: In September 1846, Cécille sailed to Korea in order to obtain the release of an imprisoned Korean priest named Andrew Kim Taegon, but Kim was soon executed.

paragraph: In 1847, Cécille sent two warships ("Gloire" and "Victorieuse") to Tourane in Vietnam to obtain the liberation of two imprisoned French missionaries, Bishop Dominique Lefèbvre (imprisoned for a second time as he had re-entered Vietnam secretly) and Duclos, and freedom of worship for Catholics in Vietnam. As negotiations drew on without results, on 15 April 1847 a fight erupted between the French fleet and Vietnamese ships, three of them being sunk as a result in the Bombardment of Đà Nẵng. The French fleet then sailed away. The French would come back under Admiral Rigault de Genouilly to capture Tourane (Da Nang) on 1 September 1858, and Saigon on 17 February 1859.

paragraph: After these events Cécille again sailed to Korea to try to infiltrate some missionaries, but his ship ran aground and he had to be rescued by a British ship.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Back in France, Cécille took on a career in politics. He became a representative for the department of Seine-Inférieure in the 1848 Assembly (Assemblée Constituante). He supported Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, and was nominated Ambassador to the British Court in London.

paragraph: In 1852, he became a Senator.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The Ōsumi Islands Group in southern Japan, which was explored by Cécille in 1846, was named "Cécille archipelago" ("Archipel Cécille") on French charts.

paragraph: A peak on the Île de la Possession in the Crozet Islands, where he once landed, was named "Mont Cécille" (46°23'00" S, 51°41'00" E) after him in the 1960s.

paragraph: The French cruiser "Amiral Cécille" (1888-scrapped 1919) was named in his honour.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- France-Japan relations (19th century)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spencer Tucker (1999), "Vietnam" University Press of Kentucky

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beillevaire, Patrick (2000) "Ryukyu Studies to 1854: Western Encounter" Taylor & Francis

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buttinger, Joseph (1958) "The Smaller Dragon: A Political History of Vietnam" University of Michigan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chapuis, Oscar (2000), "The Last Emperors of Vietnam: From Tu Duc to Bao Dai" Greenwood Publishing Group

description: French admiral and politician

wikidata_label: Jean-Baptiste Cécille

wikipedia_title: Jean-Baptiste Cécille


text:
socialite
pharmacist
avant-garde
De Stijl
Gerrit Rietveld
Rietveld Schröder House
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Deventer
Netherlands
boarding school
Amersfoort
Frits Schröder
Utrecht
Biltstraat
social status
independence
Biltstraat
Lenneke Buller
Frank Den Oudsten
modernist
Bertus Mulder
frugality
Han Schröder

categories: Dutch pharmacists,1889 births,People from Deventer,1985 deaths,People from Utrecht (city)

paragraph: Truus Schröder-Schräder

paragraph: Truus Schröder-Schräder (1889–1985) was a Dutch socialite and trained pharmacist who was closely involved with avant-garde artists and architects of the De Stijl movement. Gerrit Rietveld and she built a house for her and her three children — the Rietveld Schröder House — which is today a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Truus Schröder-Schräder was born in Deventer in the east of the Netherlands in 1889. Her father owned a textile factory and her mother died when she was four. Her father remarried two years later and Truus did not get along with her stepmother. Truus was sent to a convent boarding school in Amersfoort. After leaving school she was trained as a pharmacist. In 1911, she married Frits Schröder, a lawyer, who was eleven years her elder but came from a similar prosperous Catholic background. Truus had three children: a boy and two girls. They lived in a spacious apartment in Utrecht, on the first floor of a large building in the Biltstraat where Mr. Schröder had his offices.

paragraph: The marriage turned to be a confrontation of two worlds where both conflicted ideas about social status, independence, and the upbringing of children. Truus's husband let her change one room of their home to her liking and that is where her partnership with designed Gerrit Rietveld started. Truus’ room was designed by Rietveld and it was clear to her friends that it did not show the social status of Truus, but she was very content with it.

paragraph: Section::::Rietveld Schröder House.

paragraph: In her mid 30s, Truus became a widow and had to raise her children on her own. While she still lived in Biltstraat where she had lived with her husband, Truus found it necessary to leave her home in Biltstraat and look for a more convenient house She had very definite ideas in what she wanted.

paragraph: Truus had always been interested in the arts and in 1924, she commissioned the Rietveld Schröder House. The architect that would work for the building of this house was Gerrit Rietveld. While Truus had no experience or training as an architect or designer she had a clear vision in the way that she wanted to live her life and her surroundings Truus along with Gerrit Rietveld designed much of the equipment and built in furniture for the house together. Truus was credited as joint designer for the Rietveld Schröder House, but this fact has been long forgotten after he became well known as an architect. This partnership between Truus and Gerrit proved that both of them worked well together. Truus and Gerrit became lovers and he lived with Truus at the Rietveld Schröder House towards the end of his life.

paragraph: For Truus Schröder, the Rietveld Schröder House was a declaration of how an independent modern woman intended to live her life. She was a woman of an extremely determined character who took delight in provoking her more conventional contemporaries. Truus was a very content with her life at the Rietveld Schröder House, where she lived there for more than 60 years. In 1982, Lenneke Buller and Frank Den Oudsten recorded an interview with Truus Schröder. The interview was conducted on two separate days: May 12 and May 14, where she would talk about her life in the Rietveld Schröder House with Rietveld. In this interview Truus talked about the modernist ideas that interested her where she said, "I hardly met any people who had a feeling for what was modern. It was through my sister that ideas came from the outside" Truus had also been very much part of the restoration of the Rietveld Schröder House, where she would pick the architect, Bertus Mulder, who had worked with Gerrit Rietveld. Truus was an independent woman who had her own ideas on what should be done with her house. She loved her home in Utrecht and she remained living there until her death in 1985 at the age of 95. She enjoyed her home and the way she phrased it was, "the luxury of frugality"

paragraph: Truus' daughter, Han Schröder, became a notable architect and educator. She was one of the first registered female architects in the Netherlands and taught interior decoration in the United States.

paragraph: Section::::Other works.

paragraph: Schröder-Schräder collaborated with Gerrit Rietveld on the following projects:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rietveld-Schroder House (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Glass Radio Cabinet (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hanging Glass Cabinet (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Project for Standardized Housing and the interiors for the Birza House (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Van Urk House and the Desk (1930–31)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Houses on Erasmuslaan (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vreeburg Cinema and Movable Summer Houses (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ekano interiors in Haarlem (1938)

description: Dutch architect

wikidata_label: Truus Schröder-Schräder

wikipedia_title: Truus Schröder-Schräder


text: Russia

categories: Russian expatriate sportspeople in Latvia,Association football defenders,1985 births,FC Ufa players,Sportspeople from Moscow,Expatriate footballers in Latvia,FC Asmaral Moscow players,Russian footballers,Dinaburg FC players,Russian expatriate footballers,FC SKA-Khabarovsk players,FC Luch Vladivostok players,Living people,FC Ararat Moscow players,FC Baltika Kaliningrad players

paragraph: Mikhail Yuryevich Popov

paragraph: Mikhail Yuryevich Popov (; born 25 September 1985) is a Russian footballer.

description: Russian footballer

wikidata_label: Mikhail Yuryevich Popov

wikipedia_title: Mikhail Yuryevich Popov


text:
Mavrovo and Rostuša Municipality
Gostivar
Radoviš
Radoviš

categories: Yugoslav Partisans members,Macedonian communists,People from Mavrovo and Rostuša Municipality,1945 deaths,1923 births

paragraph: Čede Filipovski Dame

paragraph: Čede Filipovski - Dame () was born in 1923 in the village Nikiforovo (now in Mavrovo and Rostuša Municipality) near Gostivar. He participated in the National Liberation War of Macedonia from its beginning in 1941.

paragraph: He died near Radoviš in car accident, as the Commander of the 48th Macedonian Division, on 29 June 1945. There is a street in Radoviš named after him.

paragraph: Posthumously he was declared a People's Hero of Macedonia.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daily Info Package of the Macedonian Information Agency (Thursday/November 16/2006)

description: Yugoslav partisan

wikidata_label: Čede Filipovski Dame

wikipedia_title: Čede Filipovski Dame


text:
Edo
Edo period
joruri
Tenna Era
Suzugamori
death penalty
minor
burn at the stake
"Hinoe Uma"
Ihara Saikaku
kabuki
Herostratus

wikipedia_title:
Edo
Edo period
Bunraku
Tenna
Suzugamori execution grounds
Capital punishment
Minor (law)
Death by burning
Hinoe uma
Ihara Saikaku
Kabuki
Herostratus

categories: 1660s births,Executed Japanese women,Japanese arsonists,People executed by Japan by burning,Executed Japanese people,People from Chiba Prefecture,1683 deaths,Executed children,People from Tokyo,17th-century executions by Japan,Commoners of Edo-period Japan

paragraph: Yaoya Oshichi

paragraph: , literally "greengrocer Oshichi", was a daughter of the greengrocer Tarobei. who lived in the Hongō neighborhood of Edo at the beginning of the Edo period. She was burned at the stake for attempting to commit arson. The story (see below) became the subject of "joruri" plays. The year of her birth is sometimes given as 1666.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In December 1682, she fell in love with Ikuta Shōnosuke (or Saemon), a temple page, during the great fire in the Tenna Era, at Shōsen-in, the family temple (danna-dera). The next year she attempted arson, thinking she could meet him again if another fire occurred. She was caught by the police and burnt at the stake in Suzugamori for her crimes.

paragraph: The magistrate at her trial, though knowing she was sixteen years old, asked her, ”You must be fifteen years old, aren't you?” At the time, boys and girls under the age of sixteen were not subject to the death penalty, and since strict family registration systems were not yet widely implemented, confirmation of age by a bureaucrat was sufficient. Misunderstanding the magistrate's intentions to try her as a minor, she replied that she was sixteen. At a loss, the magistrate asked her firmly again, ”You must be fifteen years old, are you not?” Not taking the hint again, she honestly stated her age as sixteen, leaving the magistrate no alternative but to sentence her to burn at the stake.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: There is a memorial to Oshichi at Enjō-ji in Tokyo. Daien-ji in Tokyo has a "Hōroku Jizō" (ほうろく地蔵, hot pot Jizō) with a cooking pot on his head to symbolically take away the heat from the fire of the stake that Oshichi was sentenced upon. Cooking pots and origami cranes are still offered to this day.

paragraph: In the calendar then used in Japan, a year is known by five elements, and one of 12 animals. Oshichi was born in 1666, the year of the fire horse ("Hinoe Uma"), which recurs every 60 years. Since then, it has been thought inauspicious for a girl to be born in the year of the fire horse – and in Japan, fewer children are born in such years (the most recent being 1966).

paragraph: Section::::Novels.

paragraph: Three years later, Ihara Saikaku described this case in the book "Kōshoku Gonin Onna" (English translation, "Five Women Who Loved Love").

paragraph: Twenty years after Yaoya Oshichi's death, a playwright, Ki no Kaion, took great liberties with the story to create a play for the traditional puppet theater entitled "Yaoya Ohichi". In 1773, three playwrights (Suga Sensuke, Matsuda Wakichi, and Wakatake Fuemi further revised Ki no Kaion's play to produce "Date musume koi no higanoko". In these two versions, Oshichi does not commit arson, instead she climbs a fire tower on a snowy night to ring the alarm bell to open the city gates in order to save the life of her lover, whom she cannot otherwise reach because of the nightly curfew. The penalty, however, for sounding a false fire alarm is death, a fate Oshichi chooses to face. In the puppet plays, the character of Oshichi is presented not as the seemingly impetuous, foolish girl of the historical record, but instead as a noble figure whose selfless devotion saves the man she loves. Later playwrights developed Oshichi's story for the stage: Tamenaga Tarobei in "Junshoku Edo Murasaki", and Tsuruya Nanboku in "Katakiuchi Yagura daiko".

paragraph: Section::::Kabuki.

paragraph: A kabuki play about her uses the technique called "ningyo buri", where the actor moves around as if a puppet.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herostratus, another classical youth arsonist.

description: Japanese teenager executed by burning at the stake for arson

wikidata_label: Yaoya Oshichi

wikipedia_title: Yaoya Oshichi


text:
Schleitheim
Belém
Brazil
botanist
Amazon
Belém
Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi

wikipedia_title:
Schleitheim
Belém
Brazil
Botany
Amazon rainforest
Belém
Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi

categories: Swiss botanists,1867 births,Expatriate academics in Brazil,1914 deaths

paragraph: Jacques Huber

paragraph: Jacques Huber (13 October 1867 Schleitheim – 18 February 1914 Belém) was a Swiss-Brazilian botanist who did pioneering work on the flora of the Amazon from 1895 until his death. He created and organized the herbarium and arboretum in Belém, Brazil, and was director of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi from 1907 until he died.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Materiaes para a flora amazonica" (Vol. 1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Materiaes para a flora amazonica" (Vol.2)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Materiaes para a flora amazonica" (Vol.5)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Materiaes para a flora amazonica" (Vol.6)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Materiaes para a flora amazonica" (Vol.7)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacques Huber and the Amazonian Botany

description: Swiss-Brazilian botanist (1867–1914)

wikidata_label: Jacques Huber

wikipedia_title: Jacques Huber


text:
American
professional baseball
player
catcher
Major League Baseball
San Francisco Giants
Cincinnati Reds
Washington Senators
New York Yankees
St. Louis, Missouri
New York Giants
minor league
Double-A
Texas League
Triple-A
American Association
Wes Westrum
Ray Katt
Valmy Thomas
San Francisco
rookie
1958 San Francisco Giants
National League
1958 All-Star Game
home run
runs batted in
Baseball Hall of Fame
Sandy Koufax
Los Angeles Dodgers
inning
grand slam
Hobie Landrith
1961
Ed Bailey
Jerry Zimmerman
pennant
New York Yankees
World Series
1962
Dave Stenhouse
Marty Keough
Johnny Klippstein
1965
games
hits
at bats
home run
runs batted in
American League
fielding percentage
putout
extra inning
Retrosheet

categories: Major League Baseball catchers,Toledo Mud Hens players,2015 deaths,1933 births,Dallas Eagles players,Danville Leafs players,New York Yankees players,Baseball players from Missouri,Indianapolis Indians players,Richmond Virginians (minor league) players,Lenoir Red Sox players,San Francisco Giants players,Cincinnati Reds players,Sportspeople from St. Louis,Oshkosh Giants players

paragraph: Bob Schmidt (baseball)

paragraph: Robert Benjamin Schmidt (April 22, 1933 – May 2, 2015) was an American professional baseball player, a catcher in Major League Baseball for seven seasons (1958–63; 1965) for the San Francisco Giants, Cincinnati Reds, Washington Senators and New York Yankees. He threw and batted right-handed and was listed as tall and .

paragraph: Section::::Major League career.

paragraph: Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Schmidt signed with the New York Giants in 1951, and rose methodically through their minor league system. He missed the 1953 and 1954 seasons due to military service, but when he returned to baseball he was selected all-star catcher in successive years in the Double-A Texas League (1956) and the Triple-A American Association (1957). Concurrently the Giants' catchers of the 1950s, Wes Westrum, Ray Katt and Valmy Thomas, were aging or proving ineffective, and the franchise itself transferred to San Francisco.

paragraph: As a rookie with the 1958 San Francisco Giants, Schmidt was selected to be on the National League team in the 1958 All-Star Game. On August 31, 1958, Schmidt hit a home run and had six runs batted in against future Baseball Hall of Fame member, Sandy Koufax, of the Los Angeles Dodgers, including a first-inning grand slam. But by , Schmidt was sharing the Giants' catching job with left-handed-hitting Hobie Landrith.

paragraph: In 1961, he was traded to the Cincinnati Reds for catcher Ed Bailey. Schmidt played as a reserve to regular catcher Jerry Zimmerman during the Reds' pennant-winning season of 1961, although he didn't make the post-season roster when the Reds lost to the New York Yankees in the World Series. In 1962 he was traded along with Dave Stenhouse to the Washington Senators for Marty Keough and Johnny Klippstein. Schmidt ended his career with the New York Yankees in 1965.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: In a seven-year major league career, Schmidt played in 454 games, accumulating 317 hits in 1,305 at bats for a .243 career batting average along with 39 home runs and 150 runs batted in. Schmidt led the American League in fielding percentage in while playing for the Washington Senators. He had a career fielding percentage of .988. He holds the Major League record for most putouts in an extra inning game with 22, set on June 22, .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Retrosheet

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Bob Schmidt

wikipedia_title: Bob Schmidt (baseball)


text:
Tulunid dynasty
Ahmad ibn Tulun
Egypt
Syria
defeating
Abbasid Caliphate
al-Mu'tadid
Byzantine
Cilicia
Jazira
Nubia
Jaysh
Harun ibn Khumarawayh
Samarra
Ahmad ibn Tulun
Turkish
ghilmān
al-Mu'tamid
al-Muwaffaq
Syria
Byzantine Empire
Thughūr
Jazira
Raqqa
Abbas
Thierry Bianquis
wāli
Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Wasiti
Ishaq ibn Kundaj
Ibn Abi'l-Saj
Damascus
al-Mu'tadid
Palestine
Battle of Tawahin
Tarsus
Yazaman al-Khadim
Cilicia
dinars
Diyar Rabi'a
Diyar Mudar
tiraz
Alexandria
Fustat
Ottoman
period
Ulrich Haarmann
quicksilver
panegyric
Hugh N. Kennedy
al-Mu'tasim
Byzantine Greek
Rūm
Bedouins
Nile Delta
donative
Ali ibn Ahmad al-Madhara'i
al-Madhara'i
Jaysh ibn Khumarawayh
Harun ibn Khumarawayh
Homs
al-Muktafi

categories: 864 births,896 deaths,9th-century monarchs in the Middle East,9th-century monarchs in Africa,9th-century murdered monarchs,Tulunid emirs,People from Samarra

paragraph: Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun

paragraph: Abu 'l-Jaysh Khumārawayh ibn Aḥmad ibn Ṭūlūn (; 864 – 18 January 896) was a son of the founder of the Tulunid dynasty, Ahmad ibn Tulun. His father, the autonomous ruler of Egypt and Syria, designated him as his successor. When Ibn Tulun died in May 884, Khumarawayh succeeded him, and after defeating an attempt to depose him, in 886 he managed to gain recognition of his rule over Egypt and Syria as a hereditary governor from the Abbasid Caliphate. In 893 the agreement was renewed with the new Abbasid Caliph, al-Mu'tadid, and sealed with the marriage of his daughter Qatr al-Nada to the Caliph. At the height of his power, Khumarawayh's authority expanded from the Byzantine frontier in Cilicia and the Jazira to Nubia. Domestically, his reign is marked by a prodigal squandering of funds on extravagant displays of wealth, construction of palaces, and patronage of artists and poets. In combination with the need to maintain a sizeable professional army and guarantee its loyalty through rich gifts, by the end of his reign the treasury was left empty. Khumarawayh was murdered by a palace servant in 896, and was succeeded by his son Jaysh, who was deposed after a few months in favour of another son, Harun ibn Khumarawayh. The Tulunid state entered a period of turmoil and weakness, which culminated in its reconquest by the Abbasids in 904–905.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Khumarawayh was born at Samarra in 864. His father, Ahmad ibn Tulun, was the son of a Turkish slave who had been appointed governor of Egypt since 868. In 871 he expelled the caliphal fiscal agent and assumed direct control of Egypt's revenue, which he used to create an army of slave soldiers ("ghilmān") of his own. Relying on this powerful force, and exploiting the rift between the increasingly powerless Caliph al-Mu'tamid and his brother and "de facto" regent al-Muwaffaq—in 882 al-Mu'tamid even tried to flee Samarra and seek refuge with Ibn Tulun—he managed to gain control over Syria and the frontier zone with the Byzantine Empire (the "Thughūr"), as well as parts of the Jazira up to Raqqa.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Succession and relations with the Abbasids.

paragraph: In 882, following a failed rebellion of his elder brother Abbas, who was "regarded as cruel and untrustworthy" (M. Sobernheim), Khumarawayh was named as his father's deputy in Egypt and heir-apparent. This position was confirmed by Ibn Tulun at the request of his generals shortly before his death on 10 May 884. With the backing of the Tulunid regime's elites, Khumarawayh's succession was smooth; Abbas was forced to acknowledge Khumarawayh, but was assassinated shortly after. Khumarawayh's accession was an important step in the gradual dissolution of the Abbasid Caliphate: as Thierry Bianquis explains, "this was the first time in Abbasid history with regard to the government of so large and rich a territory, that a "wāli", whose legitimacy derived from the caliph who had designated him, was succeeded openly by an "amīr" who claimed his legitimacy by inheritance".

paragraph: In his last months, Ibn Tulun had sought to effect a reconciliation with al-Muwaffaq on the basis of the recognition of his authority over Egypt and Syria, but his death interrupted the negotiations. As Khumarawayh was young and untested, one of Ibn Tulun's senior generals, Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Wasiti, encouraged the Abbasids to attack and recover control of the Tulunid territories. The generals Ishaq ibn Kundaj and Ibn Abi'l-Saj attacked the Tulunid domains in Syria. Damascus fell when its governor defected, but their initial gains were rapidly reversed. In the spring of 885, al-Muwaffaq's son Abu'l-Abbas (the future al-Mu'tadid) was sent to take charge of the invasion. He soon succeeded in defeating the Tulunids and forcing them to retreat to Palestine, but after a quarrel with Ibn Kundaj and Ibn Abi'l-Saj, the latter abandoned the campaign and withdrew their forces. In the Battle of Tawahin on 6 April, Khumarawayh confronted Abu'l-Abbas in person. The Abbasid prince was initially victorious, forcing Khumarawayh to flee, but was in turn defeated and fled the battlefield by the Tulunid general Sa'd al-Aysar, while much of his army was taken prisoner. Al-Aysar then tried to rebel in Damascus, but Khumarawayh swiftly suppressed his revolt and is even said to have killed the rebel himself.

paragraph: Khumarawayh continued to pursue a rapprochement with the Abbasid court: he treated the prisoners of war from Tawahin with exceptional clemency, giving them the choice of either staying in Egypt under his own service or returning to Iraq without ransom. This policy eventually led in December 886 to the conclusion of an agreement, whereby Khumarawayh as governor over Egypt and Syria with the right to be succeeded by his offspring, for 30 years, in exchange for an unspecified annual tribute. Between 886 and 890, Khumarawayh went on to defeat Ibn Khundaj and receive the submission of the governor of the Jazira, Ibn Abi'l-Saj. At the same time, the emir of Tarsus, Yazaman al-Khadim, accepted Tulunid suzerainty, bringing the Cilician Thughur under Tulunid control as well.

paragraph: The accession of al-Mu'tadid in 892 brought a warming of relations with the Baghdad court; recognizing that he could not defeat the Tulunids, the new Caliph instead opted to conciliate them: in spring 893, al-Mu'tadid recognized and reconfirmed Khumarawayh in his office as autonomous governor over Egypt and Syria, in exchange for an annual tribute of 300,000 dinars and further 200,000 dinars in arrears, as well as the return to caliphal control of the two Jaziran provinces of Diyar Rabi'a and Diyar Mudar. In addition, the prestigious "tiraz" factories in Alexandria and Fustat, which produced government banners and robes, remained under caliphal control. In order to seal the pact, Khumarawayh offered his daughter, Qatr al-Nada ("Dew Drop") as bride to one of the Caliph's sons, but al-Mu'tadid chose to marry her himself. Her arrival in Baghdad was marked by the luxury and extravagance of her retinue, which contrasted starkly with the impoverished caliphal court. The Tulunid princess brought with her a million dinars as her dowry, a "wedding gift that was considered the most sumptuous in medieval Arab history" (Bianquis), and the lavish marriage ceremonies remained the stuff of folk legends in Egypt until well into the Ottoman period.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Domestic policies.

paragraph: The extravagant wedding shows Khumarawayh's famous frivolity with money—indeed it has been suggested that the whole affair was, in the words of Ulrich Haarmann, "a calculated device on the part of the caliph to wreck the finances of his dangerously wealthy and powerful vassal". Eager to display his wealth, the Tulunid ruler also built numerous palaces for himself and his favourites, and engaged in famous displays of royal extravagance, such as a quicksilver-filled basin in which he was rocked to sleep on top of air-filled cushions, or the blue-eyed lion he kept as a pet at his court. In addition, according to the sources, Khumarawayh never rode the same horse twice. He was nevertheless also a generous patron of the arts, of scholars and poets. One of his protégés was the grammarian Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Muslim, who was also tutor to his sons, while al-Qasim ibn Yahya al-Maryami wrote panegyrics in his honour. All of this came at a heavy price, however; by the time of his death, the Tulunid treasury (which reportedly had contained ten million gold dinars at the time of his accession) was empty, and the dinar had lost two-thirds of its value. His extravagance also brought in criticism from the religious scholars and contemporary and later historians alike.

paragraph: Domestically, his reign was one of "luxury and decay" (Hugh N. Kennedy), but also a time of relative tranquillity in Egypt as well as in Syria, a rather unusual occurrence for the period. Khumarawayh's main power base was the powerful army built by his father, much in the model of the Abbasids themselves after the establishment of a professional military under Caliph al-Mu'tasim. The Tulunid army was mostly composed of Turkish, Byzantine Greek ("Rūm"), and black African ("Sudān") "ghilmān", as well as a few Byzantine mercenaries. To them Khumarawayh added a special regiment, the "al-mukhtāra" ("the elect, picked"), mostly drawn from the Bedouins of the eastern Nile Delta, an area of great importance as it controlled the route connecting Syria and Egypt. A thousand-strong unit made of black Africans seems to have been a distinct sub-unit of the "al-mukhtāra". Despite the undoubted military talent and personal bravery he displayed after Tawahin, however, Khumarawayh never enjoyed Ibn Tulun's authority over the army. This led to a policy of buying their loyalty with sumptuous donatives, which further drained the treasury. As Hugh N. Kennedy comments, financial difficulties seem to have been inherent in the Abbasid model the Tulunids emulated, resulting from the "inability of the state to fund a large, mostly inactive army on a permanent basis". In an attempt to find the necessary funds, the fiscal administration was entrusted to Ali ibn Ahmad al-Madhara'i, marking the final rise of the al-Madhara'i family to a dominant position in the fiscal and government apparatus of Egypt for the next half-century.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death and succession.

paragraph: Khumarawayh was killed on 18 January 896 by one of his servants, who had been conducting an affair with Khumarawayh's favourite wife. When Khumarawayh learned of this, the servant feared for his life, and organized a conspiracy which claimed the Tulunid ruler's life. After Khumarawayh's death, the Tulunid state entered a period of instability under his under-age heirs, with his son Jaysh ibn Khumarawayh being deposed and killed in November, in favour of his younger brother Harun ibn Khumarawayh (r. 896–904). Al-Mu'tadid swiftly took advantage of this; in 897 he extended his control over the border emirates of the Thughur, and forced the Tulunids to hand back all of Syria north of Homs, and increase the annual tribute to 450,000 dinars in exchange for caliphal recognition of Harun. Over the next few years, the Tulunid domains continued to experience domestic turmoil coupled with an escalation of Qarmatian attacks, resulting in the defection of many Tulunid followers to the resurgent Caliphate. Finally, in 904–905 al-Mu'tadid's successor al-Muktafi invaded Egypt and reincorporated the country fully into the Abbasid state.

description: Ruler of Egypt

wikidata_label: Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun

wikipedia_title: Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun


text:
All-Star
second baseman
New York Giants
National League
Dallas, Texas
home run
runs
RBI
extrabases
batting average
1954 World Series
doubles
triples
stolen base
walks
strikeout
appearances at the plate
fielding percentage
errors
chances
Jackie Robinson
Brooklyn Dodgers
Sal Maglie
coached
Baseball Reference
Retrosheet
The Deadball Era

categories: National League All-Stars,Baseball players from Texas,New York Giants (NL) coaches,2009 deaths,New York Giants (NL) players,1927 births,Major League Baseball second basemen

paragraph: Davey Williams

paragraph: David Carlous Williams (November 2, 1927 – August 17, 2009) Williams graduated from Sunset High School in Dallas, Texas in 1945. He was an All-Star second baseman who played his entire career for the New York Giants of the National League. Listed at , 160 lb., Williams batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Dallas, Texas.

paragraph: Williams entered the majors with the Giants in 1949, playing for them in part of that season and from 1951 through 1955. His most productive season came in 1952, when he posted career-numbers in home runs (13), runs (70), RBI (48) and extrabases (42), while hitting a .254 batting average in 138 games. In 1953, he hit a career-high .297, earned a selection on the NL All-Star team, and was a member of the 1954 World Series champions.

paragraph: In a six-season career, Williams was a .252 hitter (450-for-1785) with 32 home runs and 163 RBI in 517 games, including 235 runs, 163 RBI, 61 doubles, 10 triples and six stolen bases. A good contact, free swinger hitter, he collected 164 walks and 144 strikeouts in 1993 appearances at the plate. At second base, he recorded a .978 fielding percentage (52 errors in 2323 chances).

paragraph: Williams's playing career was cut short when he was never able to fully recover after injuring his back in a collision with Jackie Robinson of the Brooklyn Dodgers, as Williams covered first base on Robinson bunt. Robinson later said that his intended target on the play had actually been Giant pitcher Sal Maglie. Maglie had angered the Dodgers by throwing several pitches high and inside on Dodger hitters, so Robinson had bunted specifically looking for the opportunity to crash into Maglie on the play. However, Maglie didn't cover first base as Robinson had expected, so instead, it was Williams who took the brunt of Robinson's charge.

paragraph: Following his playing career, Williams coached for the Giants in the 1956 and 1957 seasons.

paragraph: Williams died in his home town of Dallas, Texas, at the age of 81.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baseball Reference

paragraph: BULLET::::- Retrosheet

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Deadball Era

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Davey Williams

wikipedia_title: Davey Williams


text: Austria

text: ice hockey

text: Klagenfurt AC

text: Erste Bank Hockey League

text: Dieter Kalt Sr.

text: Red Bull Salzburg EC

text: Vienna Capitals

text: EBHL

text: Färjestads BK

text: Swedish Elite League

text: Kölner Haie

text: DEL

text: Long Beach Ice Dogs

text: IHL

text: Klagenfurt AC

text: EBHL

text: Adler Mannheim

text: DEL

text: Luleå HF

text: Elitserien

text: Olympic Games

text: IIHF Hall of Fame

categories: Ice hockey players at the 1994 Winter Olympics,Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics,Austrian ice hockey players,Kölner Haie players,Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics,Sportspeople from Klagenfurt,EC Red Bull Salzburg players,Färjestad BK players,EC KAC players,Luleå HF players,Long Beach Ice Dogs (IHL) players,Adler Mannheim players,Olympic ice hockey players of Austria,Living people,1974 births

paragraph: Dieter Kalt

paragraph: Dieter Kalt, Jr. (born 26 June 1974) is an Austrian former professional ice hockey player. Kalt was the director of player development with EC KAC before leaving in 2018. He most notably played for Klagenfurt AC in the Erste Bank Hockey League, his hometown club, following the footsteps of club legend and father Dieter Kalt Sr..

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Before joining Red Bull Salzburg EC has he played for Vienna Capitals (EBHL), Färjestads BK (Swedish Elite League), Kölner Haie (DEL), Long Beach Ice Dogs (IHL), Klagenfurt AC (EBHL), Adler Mannheim (DEL) and Luleå HF of the Elitserien.

paragraph: He has represented Austria in fourteen World Championships, including 2007 and three Olympic Games, 1994, 1998 and 2002.

paragraph: In 2013, Kalt was named the head coach of the Austria men's national junior ice hockey team. He was the director of player development with EC KAC before leaving in 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Kalt father, Dieter Kalt Senior, served as president for the Austrian Ice Hockey Federation and was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame as builder in 2017.

description: Austrian league ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Dieter Kalt

wikipedia_title: Dieter Kalt


text:
Ikhshidid dynasty
Egypt
Syria
Hejaz
Abbasid Caliphate
Abu'l-Misk Kafur

categories: 10th-century rulers in Africa,Ikhshidids,10th-century rulers in Asia,Ikhshidid emirs,961 deaths

paragraph: Abu'l-Qasim Unujur ibn al-Ikhshid

paragraph: Abu'l-Qasim Unujur ibn al-Ikhshid () was the second ruler of the Ikhshidid dynasty, which ruled Egypt, Syria and the Hejaz under the suzerainty of the Abbasid Caliphate but "de facto" autonomous. Unujur ruled from 946 to 961, but actual power was held by the black eunuch Abu'l-Misk Kafur.

wikidata_label: Abul Qasim Ungur Bin Ikhshid

wikipedia_title: Abu'l-Qasim Unujur ibn al-Ikhshid


text:
Bourg-Saint-Maurice
freestyle skier
ski cross
alpine skier
2014 Winter Olympics
ski cross
Freestyle World Cup
Åre
2012–13

categories: Sportspeople from Savoie,French female freestyle skiers,People from Bourg-Saint-Maurice,Olympic freestyle skiers of France,Freestyle skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics,1990 births,French female alpine skiers,Living people,Freestyle skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Marielle Berger Sabbatel

paragraph: Marielle Berger Sabbatel (born in Bourg-Saint-Maurice) is a French freestyle skier, specializing in ski cross and alpine skier.

paragraph: Berger Sabbatel competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for France. She finished 17th in the seeding run for the ski cross event. In the first round, she finished third in her heat, failing to advance.

paragraph: Berger Sabbatel made her Freestyle World Cup debut in December 2011. As of September 2015, she has two World Cup podium finishes, with her best a silver medal at Åre in 2012–13. Her best Freestyle World Cup overall finish in ski cross is 3rd, in 2012–13.

description: French alpine skier

wikidata_label: Marielle Berger Sabbatel

wikipedia_title: Marielle Berger Sabbatel


text:
Hammer
Költschen
Lieutenant General
Governor
Breslau
Knight of the Black Eagle
Stolzenfelde
Neumark
Brandenburg
Christian Sigismund von Waldow
von Sydow
Friedrich Siegmund von Waldow
Prussia
Frankfurt an der Oder
Höchstädt
Mecklenburg
Battle of Malplaquet
siege of Stralsund
Rügen
colonel
cavalry
regiment
battle of Walsmühlen
Major General
Drost
Orsoy
William I
Knight of the Black Eagle
Battle of Chotusitz
Friedrich von der Trenck

categories: 1672 births,1734 deaths,Franconian nobility,Bavarian nobility,People from the Province of Brandenburg,People from Choszczno County

paragraph: Arnold Christopher von Waldow

paragraph: Arnold Christoph von Waldow (1672–1734) was Lord of the Manor on Hammer and Költschen, Lieutenant General, Governor of Breslau and Knight of the Black Eagle.

paragraph: Born on 15 April 1672 in Stolzenfelde, Neumark, he was the son of the Brandenburg Captain Christian Sigismund von Waldow (1650–1707) and Katharina von Sydow (1651–1702). His brother Friedrich Siegmund von Waldow (1682–1743) was a Prussian general.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He first studied 1690 in Frankfurt an der Oder and then went in 1694 into the Prussian Army in the "Cuirassiers" and was promoted to lieutenant on 5 December 1702. Severely wounded at Höchstädt he had to resign. He then moved in 1704 to join Mecklenburg forces. In 1709 he fought in the Battle of Malplaquet and in 1715 he was involved in the siege of Stralsund, as well as the landing on Rügen.

paragraph: By 1719 he was a colonel in a cavalry regiment in the battle of Walsmühlen where he was slightly injured. Between 1723 he went to 1728 to his estates, but then again served in the Prussian Army as head of the "cuirassiers No. 12" (Winterfeld). On 26 July 1731 he became Major General and Drost (bailiff) of Orsoy. He enjoyed the special confidence of King William I, whom he accompanied in 1738 on the royal trip to Holland. In 1740, he was lieutenant general and on 19 July 1741 was made Knight of the Black Eagle.

paragraph: On 17 May 1742 he commanded the left wing in the Battle of Chotusitz, where he received a severe injury to the head. He died at Breslau, where he was governor, as a result of the injuries obtained at Chotusitz. He was buried there in the Church of the Eleven Thousand Virgins.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He was married to Elisabeth of Parsenow (died 31 August 1744). His son Karl Ludwig (1721–1754 in Meichen) was married to Henriette Albertine of Trenck (1728–1760), the sister of the famous Friedrich von der Trenck. His daughter Katharina Charlotte (1710 – 21 February 1769) married in 1738 Ludwig Ewald von Rohr (1711?).

wikidata_label: Arnold Christoph von Waldow

wikipedia_title: Arnold Christopher von Waldow


text: rector

text: Shōhei-kō

text: Yushima Seidō

text: Tokugawa shogunate

text: Daigaku-no-kami

text: Hayashi clan (Confucian scholars)

text: De Bary

text: Carol Gluck

text: OCLC 255020415

text: Harvard University Press

text: OCLC 48943301

text: 林榴岡

categories: 1758 deaths,Neo-Confucianism,Japanese Confucianists,Japanese philosophers,Advisors to Tokugawa shoguns,1681 births

paragraph: Hayashi Ryūkō

paragraph: Section::::Academician.

paragraph: Hōkō was the fourth Hayashi clan "Daigaku-no-kami" of the Edo period.

paragraph: Hōkō is known as the second official rector of the Shōhei-kō. This academy would come to be known as the Yushima Seidō) . This institution stood at the apex of the country-wide educational and training system which was created and maintained by the Tokugawa shogunate. Ryūkō's hereditary title was "Daigaku-no-kami," which, in the context of the Tokugawa shogunate hierarchy, effectively translates as "head of the state university."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hayashi clan (Confucian scholars)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- De Bary, William Theodore, Carol Gluck, Arthur E. Tiedemann. (2005). "Sources of Japanese Tradition," Vol. 2. New York: Columbia University Press. ; OCLC 255020415

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 48943301

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tokyo's "Shōhei-kō" (Yushima Sedō) today

paragraph: BULLET::::- Waseda: 林榴岡

alias:
Hayashi Ryuko
Hayashi Ryuukou

description: Japanese philosopher

wikidata_label: Hayashi Ryūkō

wikipedia_title: Hayashi Ryūkō


text:
Prince Thomas, Duke of Genoa
Princess Isabella of Bavaria
Prince Thomas, Duke of Genoa
Princess Isabella of Bavaria
King Charles Albert of Sardinia
Ferdinando, 3rd Duke of Genoa
Filiberto, 4th Duke of Genoa
Eugenio, 5th Duke of Genoa
Ludwig I of Bavaria
Margherita of Savoy
Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
Agliè
Piedmont
Prince Konrad of Bavaria
Prince Leopold of Bavaria
Archduchess Gisela of Austria
Ludwig I of Bavaria
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Piedmont
Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
Crown Prince Umberto
Duke of Aosta
World War I
Habsburg
Savoy
Wittelsbach
Princess Amalie Isabella of Bavaria
Munich
Milan
Lugano
Prince Eugen of Bavaria
Grasse
Khevenhüller
Vienna
Bad Hindelang
Second World War
Lindau
Bayerischer Hof
German Crown Prince Wilhelm
NSU
Rome
Andechs Abbey
Order of the Starry Cross
Order of Theresa
Order of Saint Elizabeth

categories: 1896 births,House of Wittelsbach,Italian princesses,Dames of the Order of the Starry Cross,House of Savoy,Italian Roman Catholics,Bavarian princesses,1971 deaths

paragraph: Princess Maria Bona of Savoy-Genoa

paragraph: Princess Bona of Savoy-Genoa, later Princess Bona of Bavaria (Maria Bona Margherita Albertina Vittoria; 1 August 1896 – 2 February 1971), was a daughter of Prince Thomas, Duke of Genoa and Princess Isabella of Bavaria.

paragraph: Section::::Family and early life.

paragraph: Bona was the third of six children born to Prince Thomas, Duke of Genoa and his wife Princess Isabella of Bavaria. Her father was a grandson of King Charles Albert of Sardinia. Among her siblings were Ferdinando, 3rd Duke of Genoa; Filiberto, 4th Duke of Genoa; and Eugenio, 5th Duke of Genoa. Her mother Isabella was a granddaughter of Ludwig I of Bavaria.

paragraph: Through her aunt Margherita of Savoy, she was a cousin of Victor Emmanuel III of Italy.

paragraph: Bona was born at Castle d'Agliè, Piedmont. Her father had bought the eleventh-century castle shortly before his marriage with Isabella. They passed their honeymoon there.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: On 8 January 1921, Bona married her second cousin, Prince Konrad of Bavaria. He was the youngest son of Prince Leopold of Bavaria and Archduchess Gisela of Austria. Through his father, he was a great-grandson of Ludwig I of Bavaria, and through his mother was a grandson of Franz Joseph I of Austria. The wedding took place at Castle Agliè in Piedmont, Italy (where she was born). It was attended by King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, Crown Prince Umberto, and the Duke of Aosta, among others. The wedding is notable for being the first royal marriage between two enemy houses since World War I began and ended. It was also remarkable as a gathering of royalty representing the Houses of Habsburg, Savoy, and Wittelsbach.

paragraph: The couple had two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Amalie Isabella of Bavaria (15 December 1921 in Munich – 28 March 1985 in Milan), married on 25 August 1949 in Lugano, Count Umberto Poletti-Galimberta, Count of Assandri (21 June 1921 in Milan – 18 February 1995 in Milan), son of Luciano Poletti and Adriana Galimberti. They have issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Eugen of Bavaria (16 July 1925 in Munich – 1 January 1997 in Grasse), married Countess Helene of Khevenhüller-Metsch (4 April 1921 in Vienna – 25 December 2017 in Bad Hindelang), daughter of Count Franz of Khevenhüller-Metsch and Princess Anna of Fürstenberg. They have no issue.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: At the end of the Second World War, Prince Konrad was arrested by the French military at Hinterstein. He was brought to Lindau and temporarily interned in the hotel Bayerischer Hof, together with among others the German Crown Prince Wilhelm and the former Nazi diplomat Hans Georg von Mackensen. Princess Bona, who worked during the war as a nurse, stayed afterwards with her relatives in Savoy. She was prohibited from entering Germany and was not reunited with her family until 1947. In later years Prince Konrad worked on the Board of German automaker NSU.

paragraph: Bona died on 2 February 1971 in Rome. Her tomb can be found in the church of the Andechs Abbey, in Germany. Her husband Prince Konrad died on 6 September 1969.

paragraph: Section::::Titles, styles, and honours.

paragraph: Section::::Titles, styles, and honours.:Titles and styles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1 August 1896 – 8 January 1921: "Her Royal Highness" Princess Bona of Savoy-Genoa

paragraph: BULLET::::- 8 January 1921 - 2 February 1971: "Her Royal Highness" Princess Bona of Bavaria

paragraph: Section::::Titles, styles, and honours.:Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dame of the Order of the Starry Cross

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady of Honour of the Order of Theresa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dame of the Order of Saint Elizabeth

description: Princess of Savoy-Genoa

wikidata_label: Princess Bona Margherita of Savoy-Genoa

wikipedia_title: Princess Maria Bona of Savoy-Genoa


text:
Charlottenburg
Cologne
Alfred Döblin
plagiarised
Robert Neumann
Kurt Tucholsky
Belgium
Netherlands
Joseph Roth
Norfolk
Daily Telegraph
Alfred Döblin
Kurt Tucholsky
Egon Erwin Kisch
Hermann Kesten
Stefan Zweig
Ernst Toller
Ernst Weiss
Heinrich Mann
Joseph Roth
Paris
Wilna
Lemberg
Warsaw
Vienna
Salzburg
Brussels
Amsterdam
Netherlands
Stern
Volker Weidermann
Article from the Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger
Article from the Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger

categories: Writers from Berlin,1982 deaths,1905 births

paragraph: Irmgard Keun

paragraph: Irmgard Keun (6 February 1905 – 5 May 1982) was a German novelist. She is noted for her portrayals of the life of women and is “...often reduced to the bold sexuality of her writing, Keun was a significant author of the late Weimar period and "die Neue Sachlichkeit."" She was born into an affluent family and was given the autonomy to explore her passions. After her attempts at acting ended at the age of 16, Keun began working as a writer after years of working in Hamburg and Greifswald. Her books were banned by Nazi authorities but gained recognition during the final years of her life.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Irmgard Keun was born on 6 February 1905 in Charlottenburg (at the time an independent town, now part of Berlin) to Eduard and Elsa Keun. Her father was an agent for a company that imported petrol, her mother a housewife. Keun later recalled her mother as "stark hausfraulich eingestellt, auf eine sehr schauerliche Weise" (quite domestically inclined, in a very horrible way).[1] She and her family, including her brother Gerd, born in 1910, lived in the city until 1913, when they moved to Cologne. There Keun attended a Lutheran girls' school, from which she graduated in 1921. She worked as a stenotypist, but also attended acting school in Cologne from 1925-1927. Although she had stage roles in Greifswald and Hamburg, these were only somewhat successful, and she decided to abandon her acting career in 1929. Encouraged by Alfred Döblin, she turned to writing.

paragraph: In 1931 Keun's first novel " Gilgi, eine von uns" was published and became a success. In 1932 a second novel "Das Kunstseidene Mädchen" (The Artificial Silk Girl) came out. Although there were allegations that she had plagiarised a novel by Robert Neumann (a claim endorsed by her erstwhile promoter Kurt Tucholsky - and disproven only much later), this novel also became a success.

paragraph: In 1932, Keun married the writer and director . They divorced in 1937, as she claimed after 1945, because he was a Nazi sympathizer. However, there is evidence that she stayed in close touch with him well after 1933, and that the reasons may have been much more personal in nature.

paragraph: In 1933/34, her books were confiscated and banned by the Nazis. In the spring of 1933 she met and fell in love with the Arnold Strauss, a Jewish doctor who wanted to treat her for her alcoholism. Strauss, as a Jew, lost his position at the Berlin hospital that employed him and went to the USA in 1935; however they stayed in touch (and many of their letters survive). Keun continued to publish in Germany after 1935, occasionally using pseudonyms, but after she was finally banned from publishing by the authorities - and after she had tried to sue the government for loss of income, and her final appeal to be admitted to the "Reichsschrifttumskammer" (the official author's association of Nazi Germany) was refused - she went into exile to Belgium and later the Netherlands in 1936. Between sometime in 1936 and 1938 she lived with writer Joseph Roth, while, at the same time pursuing her relationship with Strauss in the US. Invited by Strauss, she even visited him in Norfolk in 1938, yet returned to Europe that same year. In 1940 she returned to Cologne from the Netherlands, where she lived through the war years using an alias. How she managed to do this remains unclear. Keun claimed she seduced a Nazi official in the Netherlands and, however that may be, her cover back in Germany may have been helped by the fact that the British "Daily Telegraph" (among others) reported her suicide in Amsterdam on 16 August 1940. There is not a lot known of the late Weimar author Irmgard Keun but what we do know is from bits and pieces of history scattered about. In an interview, Keun's daughter, Martina Keun-Geburtig, answers the question if her mother was a happy woman, “Well, she always said that the Nazis took her best years. Starting in 1933 her success was abruptly ended through the book-burning up until ‘45, ‘46. It’s a pretty long time…”.

paragraph: Keun received great acclaim for her sharp-witted books, most notably from such well-known authors as Alfred Döblin and Kurt Tucholsky, who said about her, "A woman writer with humor, check this out!". Keun utilizes her characters from her novels to highlight and critique the social problems of the early 1930s. Keun's biggest criticisms of consumerism and the complexity of a feminine identity are displayed through the female protagonists' relationships with men. Breaking the archetypal mold, Keun's characters offer depth to the feminine identity and challenge the idea that a woman must be placed into a category. For example, "Keun’s representative novels of the New Woman’s experience during the Weimar Republic, Gilgi—eine von uns (1931) and Das kunstseidene Ma¨dchen (1932), feature two such young stylized New Women, Gilgi and Doris, who try to shape their lives in the aforementioned image by taking their cues from the popular media". In the case of "Das Kunstseidene Mädchen" (The Artificial Silk Girl), Keun tells the story from Doris' perspective, which she does to give the reader "insights into the social injustice of Weimar Berlin's class and gender hierarchy". Keun's novel reflects critically on these discourses by casting its heroine's sentimental journey  in terms of an education in vision.

paragraph: She counted among her friends such literary notables as Egon Erwin Kisch, Hermann Kesten, Stefan Zweig, Ernst Toller, Ernst Weiss, and Heinrich Mann. From 1936 to 1938, she had a romantic relationship with Joseph Roth, a relationship that at first had a positive effect on her literary output. She worked together with Roth, traveling with him to various cities such as Paris, Wilna, Lemberg, Warsaw, Vienna, Salzburg, Brussels and Amsterdam. After the German invasion of the Netherlands, she returned in 1940 to Nazi Germany. Protected by false reports of her own suicide, she lived there undercover until 1945.

paragraph: In the 1960s, her life was overshadowed by alcoholism and homelessness in spite of help from the literary community. In 1966, she was put under tutelage and committed to the psychiatric ward at the Bonn State Hospital, where she remained until 1972. In 1977, she was re-discovered after an article in Stern magazine. From 1979 onwards, her financial situation recovered thanks to new editions of her work. She died in Cologne in 1982 of lung cancer.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gilgi, eine von uns" (1931), novel, translated into English as "Gilgi, One of Us"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das kunstseidene Mädchen" (1932), novel, translated into English as "The Artificial Silk Girl"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Mädchen, mit dem die Kinder nicht verkehren durften" (1936), teenage novel, translated into English as "Grown-ups Don't Understand" (UK) and "The Bad Example" (US)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nach Mitternacht" (1937), novel, translated into English as "After Midnight"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "D-Zug dritter Klasse" (1938), novel ("Third Class Express")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kind aller Länder" (1938), novel, translated into English as "Child of All Nations"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bilder und Gedichte aus der Emigration" (1947) ("Pictures and poems of emigration")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nur noch Frauen..." (1949) ("Only women left")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ich lebe in einem wilden Wirbel". Letters to Arnold Strauss, 1933-1947 (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ferdinand, der Mann mit dem freundlichen Herzen" (1950), Novel ("Ferdinand the kind-hearted man")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scherzartikel" (1951) ("Joke object")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wenn wir alle gut wären" (1954), Short stories, translated into English as "If we were all good"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blühende Neurosen" (1962) ("Neuroses in full flower")

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stefanie Arend, Ariane Martin (Hrsgg.): "Irmgard Keun 1905/2005. Deutungen und Dokumente". Aisthesis Verlag, Bielefeld 2005, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carmen Bescansa: "Gender- und Machttransgression im Romanwerk Irmgard Keuns". (Mannheimer Studien zur Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft; Bd. 42). Röhrig Verlag, St. Ingbert 2007, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heike Beutel, Anna Barbara Hagin (Hrsg.): "Irmgard Keun. Zeitzeugen, Bilder und Dokumente erzählen". Emons, Köln 1995, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hiltrud Häntzschel: "Irmgard Keun". Rowohlt, Reinbek 2001, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ingrid Marchlewitz: "Irmgard Keun. Leben und Werk". Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1999, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Liane Schüller: "Vom Ernst der Zerstreuung. Schreibende Frauen am Ende der Weimarer Republik: Marieluise Fleißer, Irmgard Keun und Gabriele Tergit". Aisthesis Verlag, Bielefeld 2005, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volker Weidermann: "Das Buch der verbrannten Bücher". Köln: Verlag Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 2008; . (Zu Keun Seite 188-191)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- regarding her mother Irmgard

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article from the Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger by Petra Pluwatsch, 08.11.03 Part 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article from the Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger by Petra Pluwatsch, 08.11.03 Part 2

description: German writer

wikidata_label: Irmgard Keun

wikipedia_title: Irmgard Keun


text:
indigenous woman from Mexico
Sinaloa
hypertrichosis
Gingival hyperplasia
freak show
Mexico
Sinaloa
Mazatlán
hybrid
Moscow
Orang hutan
Francis Buckland
Samuel Kneeland, Jr
Boston Society of Natural History
Charles Darwin
Dr. Purland
embalmed
Oslo Forensic Institute
Aftenposten
Mario López Valdez
Laura Anderson Barbata
Sinaloa de Leyva
Pastrana
Green Room Awards
Shaun Prendergast
Marco Ferreri
The Ape Woman
Ass Ponys
Alice Elizabeth Doherty
Annie Jones
Joseph Merrick
Krao Farini
Julia Pastrana Online

categories: People with hypertrichosis,1860 deaths,Mummies,Disease-related deaths in Russia,Indigenous Mexicans,1834 births,People from Sinaloa,Sideshow performers,Deaths in childbirth

paragraph: Julia Pastrana

paragraph: Julia Pastrana (1834 – 25 March 1860) was a performer and singer during the 19th century. Pastrana, an indigenous woman from Mexico, was born in 1834, somewhere in the state of Sinaloa. She was born with a genetic condition, hypertrichosis terminalis (or generalized hypertrichosis lanuginosa); her face and body were covered with straight black hair. Her ears and nose were unusually large, and her teeth were irregular. The latter condition was caused by a rare disease, undiagnosed in her lifetime, Gingival hyperplasia, which thickened her lips and gums.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Multiple versions of Pastrana's early life exist. Literature produced by those who managed the freak shows she appeared in described her as belonging to a Native American tribe called "Root Diggers" whose members were similar to apes and lived in caves. In this version, it is said that a woman identified only as Mrs. Espinosa was kidnapped by the tribe and held in a cave and took Pastrana with her when she was able to escape. In another version, which is based on the words of indigenous villagers in Ocoroni, Mexico, Pastrana was a local girl whom they referred to as "wolf woman." In this version, Pastrana lived with her mother until her mother passed, after which, her uncle sold her to the circus. Both accounts claim that, at some point, she lived in the home of Pedro Sanchez, the then-governor of Sinaloa, and left the home in 1854.

paragraph: According to Ireneo Paz, Francisco Sepúlveda, a customs official in Mazatlán, purchased Pastrana and brought her to the United States. At first, Pastrana performed under the management of J.W. Beach, but in 1854, she eloped with Theodore Lent, marrying him in Baltimore, Maryland. Lent took over her management, and they toured throughout the US and Europe. Pastrana was advertised as a hybrid between an ape and a human, and as the "Bear Woman", the "Apewoman", and the "Nondescript", among other titles. However, during her performances, she illustrated her intelligence and talent: singing, dancing, and interacting with the audience.

paragraph: During a tour in Moscow, Pastrana gave birth to a son, with features similar to her own. The child survived only three days, and Pastrana died of postpartum complications five days later.

paragraph: Section::::Medical examinations.

paragraph: During her life, Pastrana's management arranged to have her examined by doctors and scientists, using their evaluations in advertisements to attract a larger audience. These examinations were intrusive and inhumane. One doctor, Alexander B. Mott, M.D., certified that she was specifically the result of the mating of a human and an "Orang hutan". Another, Dr. S. Brainerd of Cleveland, declared that she was of a "distinct species". Francis Buckland stated that she was "only a deformed Mexican Indian woman". Samuel Kneeland, Jr., a comparative anatomist of the Boston Society of Natural History, declared that she was human and of Indian descent.

paragraph: Charles Darwin discussed her case after her death, describing her as follows: "Julia Pastrana, a Spanish dancer, was a remarkably fine woman, but she had a thick masculine beard and a hairy forehead; she was photographed, and her stuffed skin was exhibited as a show; but what concerns us is, that she had in both the upper and lower jaw an irregular double set of teeth, one row being placed within the other, of which Dr. Purland took a cast. From the redundancy of the teeth her mouth projected, and her face had a gorilla-like appearance".

paragraph: Section::::After death.

paragraph: After Pastrana's death, Lent sold the bodies of his wife and son to Professor Sukolov of Moscow University, who embalmed them. Lent then re-purchased the bodies from Sukolov and began exhibiting them throughout Europe. He later found another woman with similar features, married her and changed her name from Marie Bartel to Zenora Pastrana, becoming wealthy from her exhibition. Some sources claim that he was eventually committed to a Russian mental institution in 1884 where he died.

paragraph: For over a hundred years, the bodies of Pastrana and her son were displayed around the world in museums, circuses and amusement parks. They appeared in Norway in 1921 and toured the US as late as 1972. Later that year, a tour of Sweden drew considerable public opposition, leading to the bodies being withdrawn from public view. Vandals broke into the storage facility in August 1976 and damaged the baby's mummy. The remains were consumed by mice. Julia's mummy was stolen in 1979, but stored at the Oslo Forensic Institute after the body was reported to police but not identified. It was identified in 1990 and for many years rested in a sealed coffin at the Department of Anatomy, Oslo University. In 1994, the Norway Senate recommended burying her remains, but the Minister of Sciences decided to keep them, so scientists could perform research. A special permit was required to gain access to her remains.

paragraph: On 2 August 2012, it was reported in "Aftenposten" that Pastrana would finally be buried in Mexico at an unspecified date. In February 2013, with the help of Sinaloa state governor Mario López Valdez, New York-based visual artist Laura Anderson Barbata, Norwegian authorities, and others, the body was turned over to the government of Sinaloa and her burial was planned. Hundreds of people attended her Catholic funeral, and her remains were buried in a cemetery in Sinaloa de Leyva, a town near her birthplace.

paragraph: Section::::Theatre.

paragraph: A musical "Pastrana" by Australian writers Allan McFadden and Peter Northwood was performed by Melbourne's Church Theatre in 1989. The production was nominated for five Melbourne Green Room Awards.

paragraph: A play based on Pastrana's life, "The True History of the Tragic Life and Triumphant Death of Julia Pastrana, the Ugliest Woman in the World" (1998) was written by Shaun Prendergast. A 2003 Texas production of the play staged by Kathleen Anderson Culebro, sister of Laura Anderson Barbata, led to the campaign by Anderson Barbata to repatriate Pastrana's remains from Norway to Mexico.

paragraph: Section::::Film.

paragraph: Marco Ferreri's film "The Ape Woman" (1964) is based on Pastrana's life story.

paragraph: On 14 October 2013 the in-development movie "Velvet" was announced, based on the life and experiences of Julia Pastrana, and from an original screenplay by Celso García and Francisco Payó González. "Velvet" is directed by Celso García and is an international production with the support of various personalities behind and in front of the camera. The announcement appeared in an article published in Mexican newspaper "Mural", member of the editorial group Reforma.

paragraph: Section::::Music.

paragraph: The Ass Ponys wrote and recorded the song "Julia Pastrana" about her life on their 1993 album "Grim".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alice Elizabeth Doherty, "The Minnesota Woolly Girl"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Annie Jones, "The Bearded Woman"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph Merrick, “The Elephant Man”

paragraph: BULLET::::- Krao Farini, "The Missing Link"

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bartra, Roger. "El trágico viaje de una mujer salvaje mexicana al mundo civilizado". "Istor" 64 (2016): 179-198. México.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julia Pastrana Online

description: Mexican side show performer

wikidata_label: Julia Pastrana

wikipedia_title: Julia Pastrana


text:
Aix-en-Provence
French
diplomat
statesman
jurist
Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis
Louis XVIII
Minister of Justice
minister for foreign affairs
senate

categories: 1858 deaths,1778 births,People from Aix-en-Provence,Counts of France

paragraph: Joseph-Marie, comte Portalis

paragraph: Joseph-Marie, comte Portalis (19 February 1778, Aix-en-Provence – 5 August 1858) was a French diplomat and statesman.

paragraph: He was the son of the jurist Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis. He entered the diplomatic service, and obtaining the favour of Louis XVIII filled many important offices. He was Minister of Justice from 1821 to 1828, first president of the court of cassation, minister for foreign affairs (1829), and in 1851 a member of the senate.

description: French MEP

wikidata_label: Joseph-Marie, comte Portalis

wikipedia_title: Joseph-Marie, comte Portalis


text:
VC
Fiji
posthumous
Victoria Cross
Commonwealth
Yacata
Fiji Infantry Regiment
World War II
Corporal
Bougainville campaign
Rabaul
War Cemetery
New Britain
Papua New Guinea
Monuments to Courage
The Register of the Victoria Cross

categories: Fijian soldiers,1944 deaths,People from Yacata,1918 births,Fijian World War II recipients of the Victoria Cross,Fijian military personnel killed in World War II

paragraph: Sefanaia Sukanaivalu

paragraph: Sefanaia Sukanaivalu VC (1918–1944) was a Fijian soldier and a posthumous recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to Commonwealth forces. He is the only Fijian to be awarded the VC.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sukanaivalu was born on Yacata, Fiji, on 1 January 1918 and joined the Fiji Infantry Regiment during World War II. By mid-1944 he was a Corporal in the 3rd Battalion, which was taking part in the Bougainville campaign. He died under Japanese fire on 23 June 1944, at Mawaraka, during an attempt to rescue comrades, in circumstances which led to his being awarded the Victoria Cross.

paragraph: The citation reads:

paragraph: Sukanaivalu is buried at Rabaul (Bita Paka) War Cemetery, New Britain, Papua New Guinea.

paragraph: Section::::The Medal.

paragraph: His medal is in private hands and is not exhibited.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Sefanaia Sukanaivalu

wikipedia_title: Sefanaia Sukanaivalu