text:
American football
running back
Jacksonville Jaguars
National Football League
Seattle Seahawks
undrafted free agent
college football
Michigan
Central Michigan
Detroit Lions
Flint Northern High School
Flint, Michigan
Heisman Trophy
Mark Ingram
The Flint Journal
track & field
100-meter dash
40-yard dash
University of Michigan
Mike Hart
Michigan football team
Minnesota
2012
2013
Central Michigan University
Chippewas
Purdue
2015 NFL draft
2015 NFL Draft
Seattle Seahawks
Robert Turbin
Christine Michael
Dallas Cowboys
Fred Jackson
Marshawn Lynch
St. Louis Rams
Cincinnati Bengals
San Francisco 49ers
Shaun Alexander
NFL
Steelers
Vikings
Pepsi NFL Rookie of the Week
PFWA All-Rookie Team
(2015)
Miami Dolphins
fibula
Detroit Lions
New York Jets
Cincinnati Bengals
Seattle Seahawks biography
Michigan profile
Rawls
ESPN.com
Thomas Rawls

categories: 1993 births,Michigan Wolverines football players,African-American players of American football,Seattle Seahawks players,New York Jets players,Sportspeople from Flint, Michigan,Cincinnati Bengals players,Central Michigan Chippewas football players,American football running backs,Living people,Players of American football from Michigan

paragraph: Thomas Rawls

paragraph: Thomas Tyrell Rawls (born August 3, 1993) is an American football running back for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent in 2015. He played college football at Michigan and Central Michigan. Rawls currently holds the Seahawks' record for the most single game rushing yards by a rookie running back (209) and the most rushing yards by an undrafted rookie in his first 6 games (711). He also holds the Seahawks' record for most yards in a postseason game (161), accomplished on January 7, 2017 in the wildcard round versus the Detroit Lions.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.

paragraph: Rawls graduated from Flint Northern High School in Flint, Michigan, where his coaches nicknamed him "The Train". As a running back, he averaged more than 10 yards per carry, totaling 1,585 yards on 150 carries with 19 touchdowns in his senior season. He rushed for a record 458 yards and eight touchdowns against Bay City Western, breaking a Flint record set by Heisman Trophy winner, Mark Ingram. He was a unanimous All-State selection, was named Most Valuable Player in the Saginaw Valley League, Player of the Year on "The Flint Journal"'s All-Area Team, and was one of the most highly recruited players in Michigan, with offers from University of Michigan, Central Michigan, Toledo and Cincinnati

paragraph: Rawls also lettered in track & field at Flint Northern; at the 2010 Regional Meet, he placed second in the 100-meter dash with a time of 10.8 seconds. He posted a personal-best time of 10.7 seconds in the 100-meter dash and ran the 40-yard dash in 4.50 seconds as a senior.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Michigan.

paragraph: Rawls committed to the University of Michigan on February 1, 2011. In announcing his commitment, Rawls said he hoped to break Mike Hart's rushing records at Michigan: "Mike Hart, he was my favorite player. Honestly, I want to play early like he did. I want to play as a true freshman running back. I know I am going to make an impact. Also, Mike Hart holds a lot of records at Michigan, and with all due respect to Mike, I want to shatter those records."

paragraph: As a freshman, he appeared in 10 games for the Michigan football team and had a season-high 73 rushing yards against Minnesota on October 1, 2011. After a good showing in his freshman season, Rawls was picked by Michael Rothstein of ESPN.com as one of five Michigan players likely to surprise in 2012.

paragraph: However, Rawls's playing time was minimal in both the 2012 and 2013 seasons, having only three carries in the entire 2013 season.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Central Michigan.

paragraph: In January 2014, it was announced that Rawls was transferring to Central Michigan University to play his senior season for the Chippewas. On September 6, 2014, Rawls rushed for 155 yards and two touchdowns in Central Michigan's 38–17 victory over Purdue. After the game, Rawls told reporters, "I felt like the game was on me. I want that pressure. It excites me and boosts me to run even harder. The coaching staff put their trust in me."

paragraph: On September 13, 2014, Rawls was held out of a game against the Syracuse Orange for unknown reasons but Rawls had a career game upon his return. He ran the ball 40 times for 229 yards against Ohio, then another 40 times against Northern Illinois for a career-high 270 yards. The Chippewas' offense was centered around Rawls to set up the passing attack. Rawls finished the season with 1,103 rushing yards and 10 touchdowns, despite playing in 7 of the team's 13 games due to suspension and injury. Rawls was viewed as a late-round draft pick going into the 2015 NFL draft.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Seattle Seahawks.:2015 season.

paragraph: After going undrafted in the 2015 NFL Draft, Rawls signed with the Seattle Seahawks on May 2, 2015. He was behind Robert Turbin and Christine Michael on the depth chart, but after the Seahawks traded Michael to the Dallas Cowboys and Turbin suffered an injury and was subsequently waived from the team, Rawls made his way onto the roster. He began as a backup along with Fred Jackson to starter Marshawn Lynch and saw his first game action in the season opener for Seattle against the St. Louis Rams. Lynch underwent surgery later in the season, moving Rawls to a starting role.

paragraph: On September 27, 2015, Rawls saw his first meaningful playing time in a game, rushing for 104 yards in relief of an injured Lynch. It was the first time any Seattle running back beside Lynch had gained 100 yards since 2012.

paragraph: Continuing to fill-in for the injured Lynch, Rawls rushed for 169 yards on October 11, 2015, including a 69-yard touchdown run in a game against the undefeated Cincinnati Bengals. However, the Seahawks would give up a 17-point fourth quarter lead to lose the game, curiously not using Rawls once during overtime.

paragraph: With Lynch again sidelined with an abdomen injury, Rawls started his third career game, this time against the Seahawks' division rival San Francisco 49ers, on November 22, 2015. He ran for 209 yards on 30 carries and had 255 total yards and 2 touchdowns, the first time a Seahawk eclipsed 200 rushing yards since former NFL MVP Shaun Alexander in 2006. At this point in the season, Rawls had run for three 100-yard games, while incumbent starter Marshawn Lynch had run for over 75 yards only once.

paragraph: On November 22, 2015, Rawls broke the Seahawks franchise rookie-record for rushing yards (209). Rawls also made NFL history as the first player with 250-plus scrimmage yards, a rushing touchdown and a receiving touchdown in the same game. Rawls continued his breakout campaign with touchdowns against the Steelers and Vikings in Weeks 12 and 13, respectively. With the performance vs the Vikings earning Rawls the Pepsi NFL Rookie of the Week honors.

paragraph: On December 13, 2015, Rawls' successful rookie season was cut short after suffering a fractured ankle on the Seahawks opening drive against the Baltimore Ravens that forced Rawls to be out for the season. Rawls had 6 carries for 44 yards before he was injured. Rawls had 147 carries for 830 yards and 4 rushing touchdowns and 1 receiving touchdown in his successful rookie season. On December 15, 2015, Rawls was placed on Injured Reserve. He was voted to be in the PFWA All-Rookie Team (2015).

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Seattle Seahawks.:2016 season.

paragraph: On September 11, 2016, Rawls had 12 carries for 32 yards and 3 catches for 26-yards in the season opener against the Miami Dolphins. He left the following game after suffering a fractured fibula and finished the Week 2 loss with 7 rushing attempts for -7 yards. He helped win a game on Sunday, December 4 against the Carolina Panthers, as the Seahawks manhandled the Panthers with a final score of 40-7. He finished the 2016 regular season with 349 rushing yards and three rushing touchdowns. He holds the Seahawks' record for most yards in a postseason game (161), accomplished on January 7, 2017 versus the Detroit Lions in the Wild Card Round.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Seattle Seahawks.:2017 season.

paragraph: Rawls regressed for the second straight season in 2017. The Seahawks as a whole suffered through one of the least efficient offensive line units and an inconsistent backfield. He finished the season with 157 rushing yards on 58 carries to go along with nine receptions for 94 yards.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Jets.

paragraph: On March 30, 2018, Rawls signed with the New York Jets. He was released on September 1, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Cincinnati Bengals.

paragraph: On September 19, 2018, Rawls was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals. He was released on October 9, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.

paragraph: On January 9, 2019, Rawls signed a futures contract with the Jacksonville Jaguars.

paragraph: Section::::Controversies.

paragraph: Rawls was arrested in the spring of 2014 for an April 8 incident in which he and two companions were charged with stealing a 62-year-old woman's purse from a casino. His arrest led to his indefinite suspension from Central Michigan University's football team. He was reinstated a week later, after accepting a plea deal and missing two games. In October 2014, Rawls pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor charge of attempted larceny and was sentenced to a year's probation and 104 hours of community service. He later publicly denied his guilt, declining to further elaborate.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seattle Seahawks biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michigan profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rawls at ESPN.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Rawls

description: American football running back

wikidata_label: Thomas Rawls

wikipedia_title: Thomas Rawls


text:
Dano-Canadian
Animaland Park
Cow Bay, Nova Scotia
Saint John, New Brunswick
Penobsquis, New Brunswick
Maugerville, New Brunswick
Jumbo the Elephant
St. Thomas, Ontario
The World's Largest Lobster
Shediac, New Brunswick

categories: People from Victoria County, New Brunswick,Sculptures in Canada,1929 births,1991 deaths,Roadside attractions in Canada

paragraph: Winston Bronnum

paragraph: Winston Bronnum (1929-1991) was a self-taught Dano-Canadian nature artist, sculptor and entrepreneur known for his large concrete animal sculptures which adorn Canadian roadsides. He founded and operated the defunct Animaland Park which showcased a number of his works and served as his workshop. He worked on bridges and hydro dams early on which helped when designing and building the structures. His family name was originally spelled "Brønnum".

paragraph: Section::::Notable works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Cow Bay Moose, Cow Bay, Nova Scotia, 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gladstone Horse, Saint John, New Brunswick, 1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Broken Down Race Horse" ("Blowhard"), Penobsquis, New Brunswick, 1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maugerville Potato, Maugerville, New Brunswick, 1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jumbo the Elephant, St. Thomas, Ontario, 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- The World's Largest Lobster, Shediac, New Brunswick, 1990

description: Canadian sculptor

wikidata_label: Winston Bronnum

wikipedia_title: Winston Bronnum


text:
American football
defensive end
New York Jets
2006 NFL Draft
college football
Nebraska
New York Giants
San Diego Chargers
Cincinnati Bengals
New England Patriots
Omaha, Nebraska
Creighton Preparatory School
U.S. Army All-American Bowl
"Parade" magazine
Rivals.com
defensive tackle
University of Nebraska
2006 NFL Draft
New England Patriots
practice squad
Carolina Panthers
nose tackle
Cleveland Browns
Cleveland Browns bio

categories: Nebraska Cornhuskers football players,San Diego Chargers players,African-American players of American football,American football defensive ends,Sportspeople from Omaha, Nebraska,American football defensive tackles,New York Jets players,1983 births,Cincinnati Bengals players,New England Patriots players,New York Giants players,Players of American football from Nebraska,Living people

paragraph: Titus Adams

paragraph: Titus Adams (born January 28, 1983) is a former American football defensive end. He was drafted by the New York Jets in the seventh round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He played college football at Nebraska.

paragraph: Adams has also been a member of the New York Giants, San Diego Chargers, Cincinnati Bengals and New England Patriots.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Adams was born in Omaha, Nebraska, and was a standout defensive tackle for Creighton Preparatory School. There he was a two-time all-state selection and led his team to the state championship back to back years. They won the state title in 1999, and finished runner-up in 2000. Adams participated in the first ever U.S. Army All-American Bowl game on December 30, 2000, and was named to several All-American teams, including those of "Parade" magazine and Rivals.com.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Adams played defensive tackle in college for the University of Nebraska. In 49 games with the Huskers, Adams started 22 times. He recorded 135 tackles (60 solos) with 3.5 sacks, 16 tackles for losses and 26 quarterback pressures. He recovered two fumbles, deflected three passes and intercepted two others. He graduated with a degree in business administration.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Adams was drafted by the New York Jets in the seventh round of the 2006 NFL Draft but released by the team on September 2, 2006. He was re-signed to the Jets' practice squad on September 6, 2006. In December of that year, the New York Giants signed Adams from the Jets' practice squad to their 53-man roster. Adams spent the rest of the season with the team and was waived on August 17, 2007. Adams was claimed off waivers by the Chargers on August 20, 2007, but waived on August 31, 2007. The Cincinnati Bengals signed Adams to their practice squad on December 18, 2007. He was re-signed to a future contract on December 31, 2007, but released by the team on July 7, 2008. In July 2008, Adams was signed by the New England Patriots. He was waived on August 30 and re-signed to the team's practice squad on September 1.

paragraph: After spending the 2008 season on the practice squad, Adams was waived again on September 5, 2009, and re-signed to the team's practice squad the next day. On December 9 he was promoted to the active roster. He played in his first NFL game on December 13 against the Carolina Panthers, recording two tackles at nose tackle. He was waived on December 31.

paragraph: Adams was claimed off waivers by the Cleveland Browns on January 1, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cleveland Browns bio

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Titus Adams

wikipedia_title: Titus Adams


text: Serbia

text: Romani

text: King of Romani music

text: Niš

text: Romani family

text: busker

text: poliomyelitis

text: Goli Otok

text: jazz

text: Louis Armstrong

text: Frank Sinatra

text: John Coltrane

text: Spanish

text: Mexican pieces

text: Indira Gandhi

text: India

text: Yugoslav

text: Josip Broz Tito

text: Đelem, Đelem

text: Bosnia

text: Sevdah

text: Mostar Sevdah Reunion

text: Croatia

text: Cubismo

text: United States

text: Gru

text: Muharem Serbezovski

text: Serbian

text: Dragi Šestić

text: Dragi Šestić

text: Snail Records

text: hip-hop

text: Sky Wikluh

text: Vratice se rode

text: Niš

text: government of Serbia

text: heart attack

text: Time Magazine

text: Dragi Šestić

text: Mostar Sevdah Reunion

text: The Independent

text: UK

text: Record Label

text: Šaban Bajramović CDs

categories: Yugoslav musicians,2008 deaths,Serbian baritones,Yugoslav Romani people,Serbian male singers,Serbian multi-instrumentalists,Serbian Romani people,Serbian composers,Romani musicians,People from Niš,Serbian prisoners and detainees,20th-century male singers,1936 births,World Music Awards winners,Serbian songwriters,20th-century singers

paragraph: Šaban Bajramović

paragraph: Šaban Bajramović (, , ; 16 April 1936 – 8 June 2008), nicknamed Šabi (Шаби), was a Serbian vocalist and recording artist of Romani ethnicity. He was one of the most internationaly critically acclaimed Romani musicians. Due to his eminent impact on music in Eastern Europe, he was dubbed the "King of Romani music".

paragraph: In his career, which spanned over four decades, he recorded 50 singles and 20 albums, and he is believed to have composed 700 compositions.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Origin and early life.

paragraph: Bajramović was born in Niš into a Romani family, in the Gypsy quarters ("Ciganska mahala"). He spoke of himself "I am not Romani, I am a Serb, a Serbian Gypsy". He attended primary school in Niš for only the first four years. On quitting school, he picked up his musical education on the street. He was nicknamed "Šabi" (Шаби). His childhood was noted by extreme poverty, thus he worked as a busker to provide an income for his very bare family. In his free time, he enjoyed playing football, but was diagnosed with poliomyelitis as a child, which lead to a decadence in his amateur football career.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Imprisonment.

paragraph: At 19 years he ran away from the army, out of love. As a deserter, he was sentenced to three years prison on the island Goli Otok. He spent his time as a good goalkeeper in the prison football team. Because of his nimbleness and speed, they called him "Black Panther". Soon he forced his way into the prison orchestra that played, among other things, jazz (mostly Louis Armstrong, Frank Sinatra, and sometimes John Coltrane) with Spanish and Mexican pieces.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Music career.

paragraph: After Goli Otok, his intensive music career began. He made his first record in 1964, with the recording act "Crna mamba" (Black Mamba). He continued to produce music with "Crna mamba" for 20 years. The highlight of their career was their performance for Indira Gandhi in India, where he gained the title "King of Romani music". He also performed to Yugoslav politician Josip Broz Tito.

paragraph: In the early nineties, he recorded Đelem, Đelem, which is considered the Romani anthem. At the time, he decided to change his stage presence, starting to wear sunglasses while performing.

paragraph: Since 2000, he started collaborating with Bosnian-based Sevdah act Mostar Sevdah Reunion, which rose him to prominence yet again. In 2001, he recorded the album "A Gipsy Legend" with the group, released on behalf of "World Connection", which gained international attention.

paragraph: In 2002, he worked with Croatian band Cubismo. Their partnership resulted in the appearance of "Geljan dade", one of Bajramović's best known songs. Published on the album "Romano raj", the song was noted for its complex structre and lyrical content. The abstract motif of the song presents suffering people of Romani descent whose fathers went the United States to provide income for their children, ultimately leading to more problems due to their absence. "Geljan dade" was covered by a wide range of musicians from varying genres, including Gru, Muharem Serbezovski and Boban Zdravković. Zdravković performed the first known version of the song in Serbian, titled "Prokleta je Amerika".

paragraph: In 2005, Miloš Stojanović and Dragi Šestić directed his biopic film, titled "Šaban", which gained notoriety in Eastern Europe. For the purposes of that documentary Dragi Šestić produced the album for Snail Records with the title "Saban" -which has been on the top charts of the World Music

paragraph: In 2008, he produced "Lova" with Serbian hip-hop artist Sky Wikluh for the Serbian TV Series Vratice se rode.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Last years.

paragraph: In 2008, it was revealed that Bajramović was living impoverished in Niš with serious health complications and was no longer able to walk. The government of Serbia intervened to provide him with some funds. He died in Niš on 8 June 2008, from a heart attack.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Bajramović enjoyed reading, and claimed he read over 20 000 books. He was married to Milica Bajramović and had four children.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Influence.

paragraph: Bajramović was a prominent figure in Serbian music presenting Romani music in modern Serbian. Due to his enormous influence, on 12 August 2010, a statue to honour his impact was built. The statue had been vandalised multiple times.

paragraph: Time Magazine polled Bajramović in the top 10 best jazz musicians.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Quotes.

paragraph: Dragi Šestić – Mostar Sevdah Reunion

paragraph: Andy Gill – The Independent, UK, 15 February 2002

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Record Label

paragraph: BULLET::::- Šaban Bajramović Unofficial Presentation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Šaban Bajramović CDs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saban Bajramovic: Serbian esteemed as king of Gypsy singers, "The Times", June 23, 2008

description: singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Šaban Bajramović

wikipedia_title: Šaban Bajramović


text:
Béla Bartók
musical theatre
Ferenc Erkel
Dorian Gray
musical
Rock opera
Dorian Gray
Mata Hari

categories: Hungarian musical theatre composers,1950 births,Living people

paragraph: Mátyás Várkonyi

paragraph: Mátyás Várkonyi (born September 4, 1950) is one of the most renowned musical composers in Hungary. He finished his studies in the academy of Béla Bartók.

paragraph: He was a founding member of the band Generál in 1971. By 1975 General became renowned all over Europe and was voted "Band of the year" in Hungary. All their albums were distributed across Europe. It was the first East European band to top charts in Western Europe – e.g. in the Netherlands with the song "Everybody Join Us" single in 1975.

paragraph: In 1980 he was one of the founders of the Rock Theatre, Hungary's first musical theatre later became its musical director and director of the theatre. In 1986 he won the Ferenc Erkel prize.

paragraph: Awards: Wolves, won first prize for best music and best choreography in Helsinki International Music Festival in 1983.

paragraph: Other plays like the Starmakers, Stars of Eger (Egri Csillagok), Dorian Gray() and The puppet show man were huge successes both in the Hungarian and the foreign stages.

paragraph: Section::::Shows.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Örvényben, 1981, musical,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Starmakers, 1981, the first Hungarian Rock opera

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wolves, 1982, "rock fantasy"

paragraph: BULLET::::- The puppet show man, 1985, musical

paragraph: BULLET::::- Félőlény 1989, children's-musical,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dorian Gray 1990, musical,()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rock-Odüsszeia 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eclipse of the Crescent Moon (Egri Csillagok), 1996, musical

paragraph: BULLET::::- Will Shakespeare or who you will, 1997, musical

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mata Hari 2002, musical

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ifipark 2003, musical

description: Hungarian composer

wikidata_label: Mátyás Várkonyi

wikipedia_title: Mátyás Várkonyi


text: CBE

text: Hartfield

text: East Sussex

text: Northern Polytechnic

text: Regent Street Polytechnic

text: James Stirling

text: British Embassy in Berlin

text: Yale

text: Harvard

text: University of Cincinnati

text: University of Toronto

text: McGill University

text: University of Sheffield

text: Royal Institute of British Architects

text: Royal Society of Arts

text: National Life Stories

text: British Embassy in Berlin

text: Stuttgart

text: Germany

text: Stirling Prize

text: Stuttgart

text: Germany

text: Official website, UK

text: Official website, DE

categories: Rice University faculty,English architects,1938 births,People from Hartfield,Commanders of the Order of the British Empire,University of Cincinnati faculty,Harvard University faculty,Living people,Yale University faculty

paragraph: Michael Wilford

paragraph: Michael Wilford CBE (born 1938) is an English architect from Hartfield, East Sussex. Wilford studied at the Northern Polytechnic School of Architecture, London, from 1955 to 1962, and at the Regent Street Polytechnic Planning School, London, in 1967. In 1960, he joined the practice of James Stirling and in 1971 together established the Stirling/Wilford partnership. He designed the British Embassy in Berlin.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In 1960 Wilford joined the practice which James Stirling created in 1956. The Stirling/Wilford partnership was established in 1971 and continued until James Stirling's death in 1992. From 1993 to 2001 Michael Wilford worked in partnership under the name of Michael Wilford and Partners. In England Michael Wilford now practices under the name of Michael Wilford architects and in Germany has established Wilford Schupp, based in Stuttgart.

paragraph: Wilford's work has gained international renown and includes significant public buildings such as performing art centres, art galleries, museums and libraries located around the world. These projects have won many architectural awards, the most recent including The Royal Fine Art Commission Building of the Year Award in 2001 for The Lowry performing and visual arts centre in Salford, England.

paragraph: He teaches extensively in schools of architecture including posts at Yale, Harvard, Rice, the University of Cincinnati in USA, the University of Toronto, McGill University Montreal in Canada, University of Newcastle, Australia, the Architectural Association in London, and the University of Sheffield, England.He is a visiting professor at the Liverpool School of Architecture. This is his favourite school of architecture. He has been an external examiner at many UK schools of architecture and sits on juries for numerous international architectural competitions and architectural awards.

paragraph: Wilford is a member of the Royal Institute of British Architects, the Singapore Institute of Architects, Royal Institute of Arbitrators, Fellow of Royal Society of Arts, and an Honorary Member of the Bund Deutscher Architekten. In 2001 he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

paragraph: National Life Stories conducted an oral history interview (C467/88) with Michael Wilford in 2009 for its Architects Lives' collection held by the British Library.

paragraph: Section::::Buildings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 The Lowry performing and visual arts centre in Salford, England

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 British Embassy in Berlin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst (University for Art and Music), Stuttgart, Germany

paragraph: Section::::Awards and prizes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 Stirling Prize - Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst, Stuttgart, Germany

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Wilford Official website, UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilford Schupp Architekten Official website, DE

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20061011081801/http://www.britischebotschaft.de/building/wilford.htm

description: English architect

wikidata_label: Michael Wilford

wikipedia_title: Michael Wilford


text: Astor

text: mural

text: France

text: École des Beaux-Arts

text: Robert D. Coe

text: Armory Show

text: John Winthrop Chanler

text: Astor family

text: Peter Stuyvesant

text: Wait Winthrop

text: Joseph Dudley

text: Julia Ward Howe

text: John Jacob Astor III

text: William Backhouse Astor, Jr.

text: Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler

text: William Astor Chanler

text: Margaret Livingston Chanler

text: American Red Cross

text: Spanish–American War

text: John Armstrong "Archie" Chanler

text: Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy

text: Winthrop Astor Chanler

text: Rough Riders

text: Battle of Tayacoba

text: Rokeby Estate

text: Barrytown, New York

text: Mai Rogers Coe

text: Everett Shinn

text: New York State Assembly

text: Sheriff

text: Dutchess County, New York

text: National Society of Mural Painters

text: Brookville, New York

text: Architectural League of New York

text: Colony Club

text: Salon d'Automne

text: Louis Vauxcelles

text: Fauvism

text: Armory Show

text: Metropolitan Museum of Art

text: Art Institute of Chicago

text: Walter Pach

text: Guy Pène du Bois

text: Mai Rogers Coe

text: Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney

text: stained glass

text: MacDougal Alley

text: Greenwich Village

text: Greenvale, New York

text: Hervey White

text: Woodstock

text: Lewis

text: Natalina "Lina" Cavalieri

text: St. Petersburg, Russia

text: Ukraine

text: art colony

text: Woodstock, New York

text: Luxembourg Museum

text: Villa Vizcaya

categories: 20th-century American painters,People from Barrytown, New York,1872 births,Astor Orphans,American male painters,Members of the New York State Assembly,American muralists,New York (state) Democrats,1930 deaths,19th-century American painters

paragraph: Robert Winthrop Chanler

paragraph: Robert Winthrop Chanler (February 22, 1872 – October 24, 1930) was an American artist and member of the Astor and Dudley–Winthrop families. A designer and muralist, Chanler received much of his art training in France at the École des Beaux-Arts, and there his most famous work, titled "Giraffes", was completed in 1905 and later purchased by the French Government. Robert D. Coe, who studied with him, described Chanler as being "eccentric and almost bizarre." Chanler rose to prominence as an acclaimed American artist when his work was exhibited in the 1913 Armory Show in New York City.

paragraph: Section::::Family and early life.

paragraph: Chanler was born on February 22, 1872 in New York City to John Winthrop Chanler of the Dudley–Winthrop family and Margaret Astor Ward of the Astor family. Through his father, he was a great-great-grandson of Peter Stuyvesant and a great-great-great-great-grandson of Wait Winthrop and Joseph Dudley. Through his mother, he was a grandnephew of Julia Ward Howe, John Jacob Astor III, and William Backhouse Astor, Jr.

paragraph: Robert had ten brothers and sisters, including politicians Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler and William Astor Chanler. His sister Margaret Livingston Chanler served as a nurse with the American Red Cross during the Spanish–American War. Robert's eldest brother John Armstrong "Archie" Chanler married novelist Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy. His older brother Winthrop Astor Chanler served in the Rough Riders in Cuba and was wounded at the Battle of Tayacoba.

paragraph: He and his siblings became orphans after the death of their mother in 1875 and their father in 1877, both to pneumonia. The children were raised at their parents' Rokeby Estate in Barrytown, New York. John Winthrop Chanler's will provided $20,000 a year for each child for life (equivalent to $470,563 in 2018 dollars), enough to live comfortably by the standards of the time. Several of Chanler's paintings still decorate the mansion at Rokeby.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Like Mai Rogers Coe and Everett Shinn, Chanler was staying in Paris in the 1890s and became involved with the art community. When he returned to the U.S. in the early 1900s, he purchased a townhouse on East 19th Street, decorated it with his own works, and called it his House of Fantasy. The townhouse became a social center for New York's art community. Like Everett Shinn, Chanler was a personality and a figure in his time.

paragraph: Chanler was a member of the New York State Assembly (Dutchess Co., 2nd D.) in 1904, but did not run for re-election. In 1907 he was elected Sheriff of Dutchess County, New York and remained in that office for three years.

paragraph: Chanler specialized in painted screens and was a member of the National Society of Mural Painters. A ceiling mural of buffaloes painted by Chanler is in the Coe House in Brookville, New York. He was also a member of the Architectural League of New York. He painted a ceiling inside the Colony Club, a private member's club located at Park Avenue and 62nd Street in New York City.

paragraph: In 1905 Chanler exhibited a work entitled "Au Pays des Girafes (or et argent)" at the Salon d'Automne in Paris (no. 328 of the catalogue). This was the exhibition that prompted the critic Louis Vauxcelles to label a group of painters "fauves" (wild beasts), thus marking the birth of Fauvism.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:The Armory Show.

paragraph: Chanler's work was featured in the 1913 Armory Show in New York, and he was one of the most acclaimed American artist in the exhibition. The elaborately painted screens he submitted were placed near the entrance of the show (Gallery A) where they captured the attention of the public and critics. Chanler's screen titled "Hopi Indian Snake Dance" was reproduced in the New York Herald, 15 February 1913. A work titled "Porcupines" was reproduced on postcard made for the Armory Show. Another screen by Chanler depicting porcupines is currently in the collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. According to the catalogues for the Armory Show, Chanler was represented by nine screens at the New York venue and eight screens at the Art Institute of Chicago. However, photographs and written sources—including Walter Pach's annotated New York catalogue and the Supplement to the New York catalogue located in the Armory Show records and the Walter Pach papers—indicate that around twenty–five screens were displayed during the three weeks in Manhattan, and at least nine at the Chicago exhibition.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Patrons and friends.

paragraph: Chanler's portrait, painted by his friend Guy Pène du Bois in 1915, came to epitomize the world of money, fashion and status with which he was well acquainted.

paragraph: Like many women of her class, Mai Rogers Coe was a patron of artists and had a taste for the elaborate decorative works of Robert Winthrop Chanler. He painted decorative murals in Mai Coe's Bedroom (1921) and in the family's breakfast room, the Buffalo Room (1920).

paragraph: In 1918 Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney commissioned Chanler to create a set of seven stained glass windows for her sculpture studio on MacDougal Alley in Greenwich Village. She asked Chanler to decorate the entire space and over a period of five years, he created an immense chimney-piece of three-dimensional flames, floor to ceiling, in plaster with additional inserts of bronze blazes. He covered the entire ceiling with plaster constellations and then created the windows. Chanler also designed murals for Gertrude's studio in Greenvale, New York, including a seaworld fantasy in the bathroom. The studio is extant and privately owned.

paragraph: Chanler was close friends with Hervey White and a member of White's Woodstock artist colony in the early 1920s. White wrote of Chanler, "He could correlate his subjects in any period, the politics, sociology and art. He could illustrate with the customs of the populace, he could give incidents for illustration of his points, then break off with a personal explanation of his conduct. He was a man of great emotion and great mind." Towards the end of his life Chanler owned a house in Woodstock where he exhibited his work in local exhibitions.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: On April 12, 1893, he married Julia Remington Chamberlain, a daughter of William Chamberlain and Mary Bradhurst Remington. Julia's elder sister Alice was the first wife of Robert's elder brother Lewis. They had two daughters: Julia on November 24, 1898, and Dorothy Chanler on March 25, 1905.

paragraph: The couple divorced on August 7, 1907. After his divorce from Julia, Chanler had a whirlwind romance with opera singer Natalina "Lina" Cavalieri. They married on June 18, 1910, but separated by the end of their honeymoon, and their divorce became final in June 1912. After the divorce, Lina returned to Europe where she became a much-loved star in pre-Revolutionary St. Petersburg, Russia and in Ukraine.

paragraph: Chanler died on October 24, 1930 at an art colony in Woodstock, New York after being in a coma for twelve hours.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Chanler's work has been compared to the fantastical works of some renaissance painters. His works involve the use of sculpted gesso, transparent glazes, and gilded finishes to produce ornate and decorative designs. His work still exists in his family's estate, Rokeby near Barrytown, New York, the Luxembourg Museum and in private collections across the country.

paragraph: In 2010, Chanler's decorative plaster ceiling at the Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney Studio was the focus of a conservation study by a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania. The ceiling, which had been painted over numerous times, was found to contain vivid colors amidst metallic overlays and glazes.

paragraph: Extensive restoration of Chanler's murals and the painted plaster ceiling at Villa Vizcaya was begun in 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Robert Winthrop Chanler: Discovering the Fantastic," Edited by Gina Wouters, Andrea Gollin, Foreword by Eve M. Kahn, Preface by Joel M. Hoffman, Photographer Whitney Cox; The Monacelli Press, May 2016

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Robert Winthrop Chanler exhibition (electronic resource). Catalog of an exhibition held 21 March – 21 April 1922

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New York Times", Art & Design, "A Painter’s Menagerie of Birds and Beasts Comes Back to Life"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Slideshow showing two of Robert Chanler's paintings at the Rokeby Estate in 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tad Richards, "Robert Chanler: Over the top wasn’t enough," "Hudson Valley One," June 2, 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cara Despain, "Robert Winthrop Chanler," "The Miami Rail"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cooper Hewitt Short Stories: The Fantastic Beasts of Robert Winthrop Chanler", Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wendy Moonan, "Robert W. Chanler's (Stained) Glass Menagerie," "Introspective Magazine"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Slideshow featuring Chanler's decorative works at Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney's Greenwich Village studio

alias:
Robert W. Chanler
R. W. Chanler

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Robert Winthrop Chanler

wikipedia_title: Robert Winthrop Chanler


text:
Madam X
Vixen
Jan Kuehnemund
trademark infringement
VH1
Bands Reunited
EMI
Janet Gardner
Share Pedersen
Gina Stile
Femme Fatale
Madam X
Vixen
We Reserve the Right
Vixen
Rev It Up
Tangerine
Titania
MTV Unplugged
Edge of a Broken Heart
Roxy Petrucci's official site

categories: Madam X (band) members,American heavy metal drummers,American heavy metal singers,American rock drummers,Living people,21st-century women musicians,American female drummers,20th-century American drummers,Italian American heavy metal musicians,Glam metal musicians,21st-century American drummers,20th-century women musicians,American female heavy metal singers,Singers from Michigan,1962 births,American people of Italian descent,Vixen (band) members,People from Rochester, Michigan

paragraph: Roxy Petrucci

paragraph: Roxanne Dora Petrucci (born March 17, 1962 in Rochester, Michigan) is the drummer for Madam X and Vixen.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Petrucci and her sister, Maxine Petrucci, first formed Madam X with vocalist Bret Kaiser and Chris Doliber. She left Madam X to join Vixen in 1986 and stayed until 1991. She returned when Vixen reunited in 1997, bringing in her sister Maxine into the fold, but was compelled to part ways with her bandmates next year following a lawsuit by Jan Kuehnemund for trademark infringement. Roxy later rejoined a Kuehnemund-led Vixen, but the reunion ended in 2001. In 2004, VH1 approached the four members of the "classic lineup" to appear on their show, "Bands Reunited". The show was recorded in August 2004, and broadcast in the U.S. in November 2004. Following the broadcast of the VH1 show, EMI re-released the first two Vixen albums, "Vixen" and "Rev It Up".

paragraph: In 2012, Janet Gardner, Share Pedersen, and Petrucci announced they and Gina Stile would form their own band. They originally named the band "VXN" but decided to change it to avoid a possible lawsuit. Thus, they became known as JanetShareRoxyGina (or JSRG for short). JSRG began playing shows at the end of 2012, followed by touring on the Monsters of Rock cruise in March 2013, and performing at the tenth anniversary of the melodic rock festival Firefest in the UK later in October. In December, JSRG evolved into Vixen to honor Kuehnemund's posthumous legacy. Petrucci also played for Roktopuss with former Femme Fatale vocalist and future Vixen bandmate Lorraine Lewis, who succeeded Gardner on vocals in January 2019 after the latter stepped down.

paragraph: Petrucci shares the same birthdate with Gardner, her former Vixen and JSRG bandmate.

paragraph: Section::::Bands.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Madam X (1984–1986, 1991, 2014–current)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vixen (1986–1991, 1997–1998, 2001, 2004, 2013–current)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roktopuss (2006–2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- JSRG (2012–2013)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Studio albums.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Studio albums.:Madam X.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We Reserve the Right" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monstrocity" (2017)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Studio albums.:Vixen.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vixen" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rev It Up" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tangerine" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Best of Vixen: Full Throttle" (1999)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Studio albums.:Maxine Petrucci.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Titania" (2006)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Studio albums.:Docker's Guild.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Heisenberg Diaries - Book A: Sounds of Future Past" (2016)

paragraph: Section::::Videos.

paragraph: Section::::Videos.:Vixen.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Revved Up" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "MTV Unplugged" (1990)*

paragraph: BULLET::::- played "Edge of a Broken Heart" and "Love Is a Killer"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roxy Petrucci's official site

description: drummer

wikidata_label: Roxy Petrucci

wikipedia_title: Roxy Petrucci


text:
Wehrmacht
World War II
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Nazi Germany
Hellmuth Reymann
Generalleutnant
Adolf Hitler
Battle of Berlin
Helmuth Weidling
Erich Bärenfänger
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Oberstleutnant

categories: 1999 deaths,German military personnel of World War II,1903 births,People from Aachen,People from North Rhine-Westphalia

paragraph: Ernst Kaether

paragraph: Ernst Kaether (25 September 1903 – 11 August 1999) was a general in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

paragraph: On 22 April 1945, Kaether briefly replaced General Hellmuth Reymann as commander of the Berlin Defense Area and for the defense of the city of Berlin. Kaether was personally promoted to Generalleutnant by Adolf Hitler for this command. However, Kaether never actually took command of Berlin's defenses for the Battle of Berlin. Before he could take command, Hitler cancelled his promotions and Kaether was replaced by General Helmuth Weidling. For a brief period between Kaether and Weidling, Hitler himself took personal command of the Berlin defenses. Another newly promoted "Generalmajor", Erich Bärenfänger, was Hitler's "deputy" commander of the Berlin Defense Area during this brief period.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 10 December 1942 as "Oberstleutnant" and commander of Infanterie-Regiment 14

description: German general

wikidata_label: Ernst Kaether

wikipedia_title: Ernst Kaether


text:
soul
hip hop
Cover My Song
Absolute Beginner
Ö3 Austria Top 40
Jan Delay
Brothers Keepers
Cover My Song
Juice
Torch
Juice
Denyo at laut.de

categories: Living people,1977 births,Hamburg hip hop,German rappers

paragraph: Denyo

paragraph: Dennis Lisk (born 1977 in Hamburg, Germany), also known as Denyo, Denyo 77, Dennis Deutschland and Dennis Dubplate, is a German soul singer and hip hop artist and a radio presenter. He was also host of the German television series "Cover My Song".

paragraph: Section::::Music career.

paragraph: Lisk started his music career in the 1990s in the band formation Absolute Beginner (later just Beginner) that released three albums, "Flashnizm" (1996), "Bambule" (1998) and "Blast Action Heroes" (2003). The latter, their most successful, peaked at #1 in German Albums Chart and reached #3 in the Ö3 Austria Top 40 Albums Chart. They were signed to Universal with main members with Dennis Link as Denyo, Jan Delay (Eißfeldt) and DJ Mad. Other members were DJ Burn, rappers Nabil Sheikh, Mirko and Platin Martin.

paragraph: While in the band, he released "Minidsico" in 2001 under the name Denyo77. It included self-produced tracks as well as collaborations from Eißfeldt 65, Glammerlicious, Milan and DJ Dynamite and featuring Eißfeldt 65 (also known as Hans Werner Votz), DJ Mad an den Cuts, Illo, Paolo 77, D-Flame and Das Bo. Also starting 2001, he worked in anti-racism project Brothers Keepers, in a collective of many artists from various genres (hip hop, reggae, soul), that included Xavier Naidoo, D-Flame, Ziggy Marley, Patrice, Gentleman, Torch. His single from the album "Irgendwie, Irgendwo, Irgendwann" was Top 5 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

paragraph: His second album, released in 2005 was titled "The Denyos" and was produced by Tropf, DJ Dynamited, Lars Mellow and Chris Tall and tracks featuring Eizi Eiz, Ms Marx and DJ Mad an den Cuts. One single was released titled "Ain't No Punchline When He's Gone".

paragraph: In July 2009, he released the solo album "Suchen & Finden" with contract signed with Four Music.

paragraph: Section::::Radio and television.

paragraph: Dennis Lisk has developed also a radio and television career. Once a week, he hosts "Top of the Blogs" on Hamburg radio station N-Joy. In 2011, he also hosted the inaugural season of "Cover My Song", a television series bringing together artists from pop music and from hip hop / rap to "remake" known hits of each other in a bid for generating crossover modern hit interpretations. The program has been won German Television Awards.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Lisk is married and has two children, a son and a daughter.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- with Absolute Beginner / Beginner

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "Flashnizm" [Buback]

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: "Bambule" [Universal]

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: "Boombule (Bambule Remixed)" [Universal]

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Blast Action Heroes" [Universal]

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "Advanced Chemistry" [Universal]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Solo albums

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Song releases

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 - "Ich und Ich" feat. Station 17 "(Me, myself & I)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 - "Kein Thema" feat. Andi (Urban (Universal)) "(No problem/No issue)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - "Styleliga No.2" (Eimsbush) "(Styleleague No.2)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - "Single Sells" (Universal)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - "Was Nun" (Universal) "(What now?)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - "Traumtrio" feat. Paolo 77 & Illo 77 "(Dreamtrio)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - "The Denyos" (Universal)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - "The Denyos" (Juice Exclusive - CD #55)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 200x - "Easy" feat. Nico Suave - released online

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - "Hart aber izzo" feat. Torch (Juice - CD #63) "(Hard but izzo)"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denyo at laut.de

description: German rapper

wikidata_label: Denyo

wikipedia_title: Denyo


text:
bishop of Durham
Thomas Bek
Eresby
Lincolnshire
John Beke, 1st Baron Beke
Walter de Gray
Archbishop of York
Oxford University
Edward
King Henry III of England
Archdeacon of Durham
precentor
prebend
Lichfield
Wells
Keeper of the wardrobe
constable of the Tower
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
Treaty of Aberconwy
Aragon
Eleanor
Alfonso
William of York
Durham Cathedral
Alexander III of Scotland
Margaret of Norway
John Balliol
Archbishop of York
Adolf of Nassau
Philip IV of France
John I of Scotland
Brechin
Battle of Falkirk
Dirleton Castle
Richard de Hoton
Prior of Durham
cathedral chapter
Pope Clement V
Patriarch of Jerusalem
Westminster Abbey
Edward II
Templars
Eltham
Auckland Castle
Somerton
Durham Castle
Bishop of St David's
Thomas Bek
Bishop of Lincoln
Antony Bek
Bishop of Norwich

categories: People temporarily excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church,People from East Lindsey District,Latin Patriarchs of Jerusalem,14th-century English clergy,Bishops of Durham,1311 deaths,Archdeacons of Durham,13th-century English people,13th-century Roman Catholic bishops,14th-century English people,14th-century Roman Catholic bishops,13th-century English clergy

paragraph: Antony Bek (bishop of Durham)

paragraph: Antony Bek (also spelled Beck and Beke; died 3 March 1311) was a bishop of Durham.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Bek and his elder brother Thomas Bek were members of a family of knights. Their father was Walter Bek, who held lands at Eresby in Lincolnshire. Another brother was John Beke, 1st Baron Beke of Eresby, who held the family lands in Eresby. Walter had married Eve, the niece of Walter de Gray, Archbishop of York. Bek was born about 1245 and was Walter's third son. Both Thomas and Antony were educated at Oxford University, where they studied from 1267 to 1270.

paragraph: Having entered the clergy, Bek received several benefices and soon attracted the attention of Prince Edward, the heir of King Henry III of England. He was Archdeacon of Durham by 1275, as well as precentor of York and held prebends at Lichfield, London, and Wells. Bek accompanied Prince Edward when the prince went on Crusade in 1270. When Edward returned from crusading, he appointed Bek to the office of Keeper of the wardrobe on 21 September 1274, but Bek held the office for only about a month, and was replaced in October with his brother Thomas Bek. Edward named Bek the constable of the Tower of London in 1275. In November 1277 Bek was one of the councillors sent by Edward to negotiate with Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales. The result was the Treaty of Aberconwy which required Llywelyn to give up hostages, pay a large fine, give up claims to some lands and pay homage to King Edward. Bek was also sent to Aragon to negotiate the marriage of Edward's daughter Eleanor to the heir of Aragon, Alfonso.

paragraph: Section::::Bishop of Durham.

paragraph: Edward I secured Bek's election as bishop of Durham in 1283. He was elected on 9 July 1283 and consecrated on 9 January 1284. During his consecration, Bek had the remains of Saint William of York moved to a new site in Durham Cathedral. Bek was enthroned at Durham Cathedral on 25 December 1285. Bek was sent to Scotland after the death of King Alexander III of Scotland in 1286, to act on Edward's behalf for Alexander's heir Margaret of Norway, who was bethrothed to Edward's son Prince Edward. However, Margaret died soon after this, and Edward was brought in to decide the succession of the Scottish throne. Bek was employed by King Edward in the negotiations and also served as a spokesman. In November 1292, Edward decided in favor of John Balliol, and Bek assisted in the enthronement of Balliol at Scone soon after.

paragraph: Section::::Service for Edward I.

paragraph: In 1293, Bek was excommunicated by the Archbishop of York because Bek had allowed the king's officers to arrest two clerks while Bek was in Scotland on a royal mission. In response, a legal case was brought against the archbishop in Parliament alleging that because Bek was acting as the king's officer at the time, he wasn't acting as bishop but as earl palatine, and thus the excommunication was actually an affront to the royal dignity. Before the case could be decided, the archbishop yielded and was fined. In 1294 the king sent Bek, along with others, on a diplomatic errand to the German king Adolf of Nassau and the archbishop of Cologne. The embassy was attempting to secure allies for Edward's war against King Philip IV of France.

paragraph: Taking part in Edward's campaigns in Scotland, the bishop received the surrender of King John I of Scotland at Brechin in 1296, and led one division of the English army at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298. During the Falkirk campaign, but before the battle itself, a section of the army under Bek captured Dirleton Castle.

paragraph: In 1300, soon after his return to England, Bek became involved in a quarrel with Richard de Hoton, Prior of Durham and the cathedral chapter. Both Hoton and the chapter were attempting to assert their independence from oversight by the bishop. Bek deposed and excommunicated the prior, and locked the cathedral and the priory up. Appeals from both sides were made to the king, but the prior had previously secured the support of several of the king's advisors. Attempts to secure a negotiated settlement failed, and other disputes over lands and rights escalated the dispute. At sometime after 1301 the king confiscated the lands of the bishop. A settlement in 1303 which restored the bishop's lands, did not settle the dispute between the prior and the bishop. In 1304, further charges were brought against the bishop by the prior and the cathedral chapter, including a serious one of imprisoning a royal messenger. The issue of the messenger led to the lands of the bishop once more being confiscated in 1305. The bishop secured the support of Pope Clement V who named Bek Patriarch of Jerusalem on 26 February 1306. Further actions against the bishop were stopped by the death of the king in 1307.

paragraph: Section::::Service under Edward II.

paragraph: Bek conducted the funeral service for King Edward I on 27 October 1307 at Westminster Abbey. In September, shortly after the death of Edward I, Edward II restored Bek's lands and rights. Bek's title of patriarch made him the senior ecclesiastic in England, and it was probably due to that status that he was named the main investigator of the Templars in 1308. In 1309, he finally managed to visit the priory at Durham, and the new prior announced that he and the chapter would not institute any more legal proceedings against the bishop stemming from the dispute.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: The bishop died at Eltham on 3 March 1311. He was buried on 3 May 1311 in Durham Cathedral. Bek served as an important advisor to King Edward I throughout most of his term as bishop, only losing that status at the end of Edward's reign due to the dispute with the Durham prior. His extravagance was legendary, and his retinue was large, and consisted of 140 knights. Bek was a wealthy man, and his personal estate at his death was valued at 6000 marks. He built at Auckland Castle, Somerton and elsewhere. He also built Durham Castle's Great Hall. Some efforts were made after the bishop's death to have him canonized, but nothing came of these efforts. Bek was known for his chastity and bravery also.

paragraph: Bek's elder brother, Thomas Bek was Bishop of St David's and a trusted servant of Edward I. Two other relations were Thomas Bek, who was Bishop of Lincoln, and Antony Bek, who was Bishop of Norwich.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hunter Blair, C.H., "Medieval Seals of the Bishops of Durham", published in "Archaeologia, or, Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity", published by the Society of Antiquaries of London, Vol. 72, 1922, pp. 5–6, re: seal of Bishop Bek; physical seal held at National Archives, Kew, "Anthony Bek, Bishop of Durham, counter seal", ref: SC 13/F36

description: Bishop of Durham, Titular Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem

wikidata_label: Antony Bek

wikipedia_title: Antony Bek (bishop of Durham)


text:
Anglo-Norman
bishop
Lincoln
archbishop
Rouen
Henry II
chancellor
canon
Rouen Cathedral
archdeacon
Oxford
translated
Richard I
Third Crusade
William Longchamp
justiciar
John
Andely
castle of Gaillard
Angevin pound
Philip II of France
Cornwall
Roger fitzReinfrid
Gerald of Wales
Trojan
Sack of Troy
schools of Paris
Beaumont family faction
Walter Map
Ralph Diceto
John of Oxford
Richard of Ilchester
Geoffrey Ridel
Henry the Young King
rebelled
Archdeacon of Oxford
Chancellor
Arnulf
Bishop of Lisieux
Wilton
Ramsey
regalian right
see of Lincoln
Angers
Richard of Dover
Archbishop of Canterbury
Lincoln Cathedral
Baldwin of Forde
John of Tynemouth
Simon of Southwell
translated
diocese of Rouen
William of Newburgh
constable
Geoffrey
duchy of Brittany
Whitsun
John of Anagni
Alice
cathedral chapter
Thomas Becket
Hugh de Puiset
Bishop of Durham
Godfrey de Lucy
Bishop of Winchester
Hubert Walter
Bishop of Salisbury
Peter de Leia
Bishop of St David's
Richard fitzNigel
Bishop-elect of London
Bishop-elect of Ely
Tancred
King of Sicily
John
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Geoffrey, Archbishop of York
Loddon Bridge
Richard of Devizes
Chief Justiciar
chancery
Exchequer
barons of the Exchequer
Bishop of Bath
Reginald fitzJocelin
Windsor Castle
marks
Treaty of Louviers
interdict
excommunicate
Andeli
Château Gaillard
Dieppe
suffragan bishop
Bishop of Sées
Archdeacon of Sées
Innocent III
Rouen Cathedral
Juvenal
Ovid
John of Coutances
Dean of Rouen
Bishop of Worcester
John Gillingham
John of Hauville
Architrenius

categories: Anglo-Normans,1207 deaths,13th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,12th-century births,Bishops of Lincoln,Justiciars of England,Archbishops of Rouen,12th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Archdeacons of Oxford

paragraph: Walter de Coutances

paragraph: Walter de Coutances (died 16 November 1207) was a medieval Anglo-Norman bishop of Lincoln and archbishop of Rouen. He began his royal service in the government of Henry II, serving as a vice-chancellor. He also accumulated a number of ecclesiastical offices, becoming successively canon of Rouen Cathedral, treasurer of Rouen, and archdeacon of Oxford. King Henry sent him on a number of diplomatic missions and finally rewarded him with the bishopric of Lincoln in 1183. He did not remain there long, for he was translated to Rouen in late 1184.

paragraph: When Richard I, King Henry's son, became king in 1189, Coutances absolved Richard for his rebellion against his father and invested him as Duke of Normandy. He then accompanied Richard to Sicily as the king began the Third Crusade, but events in England prompted Richard to send the archbishop back to England to mediate between William Longchamp, the justiciar whom Richard had left in charge of the kingdom, and Prince John, Richard's younger brother. Coutances succeeded in securing a peace between Longchamp and John, but further actions by Longchamp led to the justiciar's expulsion from England, replaced in his role by Coutances, even though he never formally used the title. He remained in the office until late 1193, when he was summoned to Germany by the king, who was being held in captivity there. Coutances became a hostage for the final payment of Richard's ransom on the king's release in February 1194.

paragraph: Coutances took no further part in English government after returning from Germany. Instead he became involved in Norman affairs, including a dispute with Richard over the ownership of Andely manor, an archiepiscopal property that Richard desired as a fortress. Eventually the archbishop surrendered it to the king in return for two other manors and the seaport of Dieppe. Richard went on to build the castle of Gaillard on the former archiepiscopal manor. After Richard's death, Coutances invested Prince John as Duke of Normandy, but was forced to pay 2,100 Angevin pounds to secure contested rights from the new king. After John lost control of Normandy in 1204, the archbishop did not resist the new government of King Philip II of France. Coutances died in November 1207 and was buried in his cathedral.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Coutances was born in Cornwall, to Reinfrid and Gonilla. His brother was Roger fitzReinfrid, a layman and royal justice during the reign of King Henry II of England. Although the medieval chronicler and churchman Gerald of Wales related that his friend was descended from Trojan heroes who escaped the Sack of Troy and ended up in Cornwall, that was a flattering invention on Gerald's part. Coutances' family was of the knightly class, and probably from Normandy originally.

paragraph: Coutances was usually given the title of "magister", which signified that he had received an education in a school; most likely he attended the schools of Paris. Gerald of Wales said that Coutances was dedicated to learning, and considered him to be a talented courtier.

paragraph: Section::::Service to King Henry.

paragraph: Coutances started his career as a clerk to King Henry II of England in the royal chamber. He probably owed the position to his brother, who was already in royal service. Coutances may have been associated with the Beaumont family faction at court before beginning work for the king, but this is not certain.

paragraph: By 1169 Coutances held a canonry in Rouen Cathedral. During the 1170s a group of royal clerks rose to prominence, among them Coutances, Walter Map, Ralph Diceto, John of Oxford, Richard of Ilchester, and Geoffrey Ridel. Coutances was the chaplain to Henry the Young King, eldest living son of King Henry, but when the younger Henry rebelled against his father in 1173, Coutances returned to King Henry's service. He became Archdeacon of Oxford, perhaps by 1173, certainly by 14 March 1176. He was named vice-chancellor when Ralph de Warneville became Chancellor of England, which occurred in 1173. In 1176 and 1177, King Henry sent Coutances on diplomatic missions to Flanders and the French royal court. Arnulf, the Bishop of Lisieux, alleged that Henry allowed Coutances to use all the administrative machinery of Normandy to drive Arnulf from his diocese, so that Coutances might become bishop there. This happened in early 1178, but the only real evidence for this effort on Coutances' part comes from Arnulf's correspondence, and as Coutances was back in England by July 1178, it does not appear that the attempt was a sustained one.

paragraph: On his return to England, Coutances was given custody of the abbeys of Wilton and Ramsey, which were being held by King Henry pending the election of new abbots. He thus acquired the right to collect the abbeys' revenues in the name of the king, who had the regalian rights to that income. In 1180 Henry sent Coutances to France on another diplomatic mission. In February 1182 Coutances witnessed King Henry II's will, made before the king travelled to Normandy.

paragraph: Section::::Bishop of Lincoln and Archbishop of Rouen.

paragraph: Coutances was elected to the see of Lincoln on 8 May 1183, selected by King Henry over three other candidates. He was ordained a priest on 11 June 1183 and consecrated bishop on 3 July 1183 at Angers by Richard of Dover, the Archbishop of Canterbury. He was enthroned at Lincoln Cathedral on 11 December 1183. While at Lincoln, Coutances took part in the election of Baldwin of Forde as the new Archbishop of Canterbury, which took place at a council held in Westminster in 1184. Writing about Coutances' time at Lincoln, Gerald of Wales accused the bishop of increasing the debt of the diocese of Lincoln and of squandering its resources. Coutances helped the schools in the city of Lincoln, acting as the patron for scholars such as John of Tynemouth and Simon of Southwell.

paragraph: On 17 November 1184 Coutances was translated to the diocese of Rouen, becoming Archbishop of Rouen. The original election to Rouen had taken place in the summer. King Henry had initially rejected the Rouen cathedral chapter's nominees and put forward three English bishops as the royal candidates. The king also indicated his preference that Coutances be elected, a choice that was confirmed by the pope in November. Coutances hesitated about the translation to Rouen, as the see there was poorer than Lincoln, but as an archbishopric rather than a bishopric it was of a higher status. The medieval chronicler William of Newburgh wrote that eventually Coutances' ambition overcame his greed, and he agreed to the translation. He was received at Rouen on 3 March 1185. Coutances remained in Henry's service however, and continued attend the royal court frequently. During the final 10 years of Henry's reign, only Ranulf de Glanville witnessed more royal charters, and only William de Humez, the constable, equalled the 16 charters that Coutances witnessed.

paragraph: In the later part of 1186, after the death of King Henry's son Geoffrey – who was Duke of Brittany – King Philip II of France demanded that Geoffrey's daughters be placed in the French king's custody, and that the duchy of Brittany, which Geoffrey had ruled in right of his wife, be surrendered into French royal custody. Coutances was one of the negotiators sent by King Henry to secure a settlement, but they had to settle for a temporary truce. In January 1188 Coutances took the cross when he pledged to go on Crusade along with King Henry and King Philip of France.

paragraph: At Whitsun in 1189, Coutances was a member of a commission appointed by the papal legate John of Anagni to arbitrate the dispute between King Henry II of England and his son, Richard, who was supported by King Philip II of France. Henry and Richard's conflict stemmed from Richard's desire to secure his inheritance to the throne of England, which he believed his father was trying to give to his youngest brother, John. The commission met near Le Mans. Richard and Philip insisted that Richard should be married to Philip's sister Alice, that Henry name Richard as Henry's heir, and that Richard's youngest brother John should go on crusade with Richard. Henry rejected those terms, and neither Philip nor Richard would negotiate, even under the legate's threat of an interdict on France.

paragraph: Section::::Service to King Richard.

paragraph: Shortly after Richard took the throne he sought absolution for his sins in rebelling against his father, from Baldwin of Forde and Coutances. The two archbishops absolved Richard in a ceremony in Sees. Coutances also invested Richard as Duke of Normandy in a ceremony held in Rouen, before accompanying Richard to England, where he participated in the new king's coronation, on 3 September 1189.

paragraph: In 1189 Coutances held an ecclesiastical synod which legislated, among other things, that the clergy should not hold secular offices, even though Coutances himself had held and continued to hold such offices. On 9 November 1189 Richard appointed Coutances to a commission tasked with deciding the dispute between Baldwin of Forde and the monks of his cathedral chapter over Baldwin's plan to create a church dedicated to Thomas Becket, the murdered Archbishop of Canterbury, and to staff this church not with monks, but with canons. The monks of Canterbury Cathedral objected to Baldwin's plan, fearing that it was part of a plot to transfer the right of election from the monastic cathedral chapter to the new church's canons. Sitting on the commission with Coutances were Hugh de Puiset, the Bishop of Durham, Godfrey de Lucy, the Bishop of Winchester, Hubert Walter, the Bishop of Salisbury, Peter de Leia, the Bishop of St David's, Richard fitzNigel, the Bishop-elect of London, William Longchamp, the Bishop-elect of Ely, and some abbots. The commission travelled to Canterbury, and on 29 November 1189, managed to secure a compromise between the parties, which lasted until Hubert Walter, by then Archbishop of Canterbury, revived the plan. In the compromise, Baldwin agreed to give up the idea of a new monastic foundation around Canterbury and the monks agreed to submit to the archbishop's authority.

paragraph: When Richard left England in late 1189, the archbishop accompanied him to Normandy and then to Sicily, where Richard began the Third Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army.

paragraph: While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to England. The archbishop landed in England on 27 June, after a short detour to Rome. Coutances received a release from his crusading vow, and returned to England in the company of Richard's mother, Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine. He had a number of royal documents authorising him to settle the disputes, and on 28 July a settlement was reached that left Longchamp in control, although John still retained sufficient power to make Longchamp's grip on the government somewhat insecure. In September, however, Longchamp imprisoned Richard's bastard half-brother, Geoffrey, Archbishop of York, who was attempting to return to England after having been banished by the king. The imprisonment renewed memories of the murder of Thomas Becket almost 20 years earlier, and Geoffrey was quickly released. Longchamp was brought to a council, headed by Coutances and a number of the clerical and lay lords of England, which took place on 5 October 1191 at Loddon Bridge on the River Thames. Longchamp was deposed and exiled, largely because Coutances had a royal document ordering the magnates to obey Coutances' if the archbishop's advice was resisted by Longchamp, which it had been. Although the medieval chronicler Richard of Devizes accused Coutances of duplicity, and of trying to play both sides against the other, the evidence suggests that Coutances was genuinely trying to solve the dispute in the king's interest. Longchamp fled to Normandy, and he was excommunicated by Coutances.

paragraph: Section::::Acting Justiciar.

paragraph: After Longchamp's exile Coutances was named head of a council of regency, which is sometimes equated to the post of Chief Justiciar, although he never referred to himself as such nor is he titled that in any official document. Most modern historians, however, name him as justiciar. He held that power until about 25 December 1193, when Hubert Walter was appointed Justiciar.

paragraph: Coutances had long experience in the chancery, but little experience with judicial matters. Most of his efforts while in the justiciarship were centred on raising Richard's ransom. As evidence of this emphasis on raising money, Coutances sent out few itinerant justices during his time in power. Six groups of justices were sent out in 1192, but in 1193 none were sent out, and even the justices based in Westminster held few sessions. Of those justices appointed, like his predecessor in the justiciarship, Coutances used justices from a wide range of backgrounds, and many of those sent out on itinerent rounds were local to the area, rather than the increasingly professional justices used under Coutances' successor Hubert Walter. The justiciarship during this period was less connected to justice and was more closely tied to the Exchequer, or treasury of England, and most of the power in the office derived from its control of the Exchequer.

paragraph: A new note in Coutances' administration was his custom of issuing writs not in his own name, as had previously been the practice, but in the king's name. The archbishop also stressed that his decisions were made with the advice and consent of many of the leading nobles of the realm, as well as the barons of the Exchequer. This was a reaction against Longchamp's authoritarian method of government.

paragraph: The archbishop supervised the election of a new Archbishop of Canterbury, as Baldwin of Forde had died while on Crusade in 1190. Although both Longchamp and Coutances were considered as possible candidates and rivals for the see, the cathedral chapter of Canterbury elected the Bishop of Bath, Reginald fitzJocelin, in November 1191. Reginald died a month later and the see remained vacant until March 1193, when the king's candidate, Hubert Walter, was elected.

paragraph: During 1191 the citizens of the city of London managed to acquire from Coutances and Prince John the recognition that the city was self-governing, something they had been attempting to secure for a number of years. This however, was not the grant of a complete charter of liberties, which did not occur until 1199. In February 1193 Coutances summoned a council to Oxford, to address problems of administration and defence after the recently received news of Richard's captivity in Germany. The council also took oaths of fealty to Richard. Prince John, however, hearing that Richard was in captivity, immediately went to France and swore homage to King Philip for Richard's lands, and then returned to England and raised a rebellion. Coutances proceeded to besiege Windsor Castle, which was held by Prince John's men. When John heard that Richard was going to be freed, he left England and went to France.

paragraph: In February 1194 Coutances was in Germany, at the court of the German emperor, along with Longchamp, who brought letters to Richard, still in captivity. On 4 February, Coutances became a hostage to the German emperor as surety for the payment of the outstanding portion of Richard's ransom, and the king was released. The king never paid the final instalment of his ransom, and the archbishop had to pay 10,000 marks for his own release. From that point onwards Coutances was no longer involved with English politics or government, and spent the rest of his career on Norman affairs. His record of charter witnessing bears this out; between 1189 and 1194 Coutances was among the most prolific of the witnesses to the king's English charters, but not after 1194.

paragraph: Section::::Return to Normandy.

paragraph: Coutances returned to Normandy, and in December 1195 attempted to secure compensation for the losses his archdiocese had sustained in the warfare between King Richard and King Phillip. He sought compensation from both kings but obtained no satisfaction, and felt so ill-treated by the kings that he abandoned his see. The English and the French kings had required clergymen to guarantee the January 1196 Treaty of Louviers that the two kings arranged for themselves, with Richard nominating Coutances as his surety, or guarantor that the conditions of the treaty would be fulfilled. Part of the treaty laid out that if the archbishop laid an interdict or excommunicated anyone in the lands of King Philip or any subject of King Richard in the archdiocese of Rouen, then the archiepiscopal manor of Andeli should be forfeit to either king until after a special tribunal had determined if the archbishop's punishment was valid.

paragraph: When Coutances returned to his diocese in July 1196, he found that the king had seized the manor of Andely independently of the treaty provisions, and when the archbishop refused to relinquish it to the king, Richard began to fortify the manor. He also built a castle there, now Château Gaillard. On 7 November 1196, Coutances set off for Rome, to protest the seizure to the pope. Richard sent a royal embassy, and eventually a settlement was reached. The archbishop was ordered to remove the interdict he had placed on the duchy, and in return for the manor received two others and the seaport of Dieppe. The various lands that Coutances' received in exchange for Andely were worth £1,405 a year. This episode marked the end of Coutances' service to the Angevin kings; for the rest of his life the archbishop focused on protecting and guarding the archiepiscopal properties and rights.

paragraph: Section::::Service to King John.

paragraph: When Richard died on 6 April 1199, the archbishop invested Richard's youngest brother John as duke of Normandy on 25 April 1199. At the ceremony, John pledged to protect the Norman church, and soon afterwards confirmed the grant of Dieppe and the other manors to the archdiocese. John contested the right of the archbishop to some jurisdictional rights however, as well as forest rights, forcing Coutances to pay 2,100 Angevin pounds to secure most of the contested rights. In May 1200, Coutances was involved in the peace treaty of Le Goulet between King John and King Philip of France, but took no active part in the Angevin defence of Normandy.

paragraph: In September 1201 one of Coutances' suffragan bishops, Lisiard, the Bishop of Sées died. King John objected when the cathedral chapter attempted to elect one of their own members as his successor. Coutances refused to recognise the result of the election, and the chapter divided into two parties, one favouring the elected chapter member, the other party another choice. Both parties appealed to the papacy, who eventually approved of the election of the Archdeacon of Sées, Silvester. Coutances had the right to consecrate the bishop however, and he refused to do so, arguing that the king's choice had been disregarded. Pope Innocent III then ordered another Norman archbishop to consecrate Silvester, but the king refused to allow Silvester to take possession of his see. This led Innocent to order Normandy laid under an interdict, but eventually Silvester was allowed to take possession of Sees.

paragraph: In May 1202 Pope Innocent III wrote to Coutances, urging him to impose religious punishments on any rebels against King John's rule in the duchy of Normandy. When John lost the duchy in 1204, Coutances did not resist the government of King Philip II, although he did not make his complete peace with Philip until March 1207. In 1206–1207, Coutances, along with his suffragan bishops, petitioned Philip for special legal procedures relating to patronage, which Philip granted.

paragraph: Section::::As archbishop.

paragraph: Although Coutances was absent from Rouen for most of the period between 1190 and 1194, he remained an active archbishop. He secured the continued immunity of clergy from secular jurisdiction, and supervised the administration of the archdiocese. He began the custom of keeping records in registers of episcopal judgements from about 1200, and he appointed the first officials of Rouen. He also oversaw the rebuilding of Rouen Cathedral, which had begun in 1155, and restarted the work after a fire in 1200. His relations with his cathedral chapter were evidently excellent, as they remembered him as "a magnificent benefactor of the church of Rouen".

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Coutances died on 16 November 1207 and was buried at Rouen Cathedral, in the chapel of Saints Peter and Paul. The inventory of his personal possessions made after his death included a large number of jewels and vestments. He also owned a large library, which contained not only religious works but also legal texts on canon law and works of classical authors such as Juvenal and Ovid.

paragraph: Coutances' nephew, John of Coutances, became Archdeacon of Oxford and Dean of Rouen under Walter's influence, and later Bishop of Worcester. Other nephews were William, successively a canon at Lincoln Cathedral and an archdeacon at Rouen, and Richard, also an archdeacon at Rouen.

paragraph: The historian John Gillingham called Coutances "one of the great fixers" of his time. Two other historians have argued that it was probably Coutances' judgement and stability that persuaded the king to trust him. The medieval poet John of Hauville dedicated a satirical poem in 1184 to Coutances called Architrenius. It was on the tribulations of a poor scholar.

description: Bishop of Lincoln; Archbishop of Rouen; Chief Justiciar of England

wikidata_label: Walter de Coutances

wikipedia_title: Walter de Coutances


text: Halakhist

text: Talmud

text: Arba'ah Turim

text: Shulkhan Arukh

text: acronym

text: Moses Isserles

text: Solomon Luria

text: yeshiva

text: Lemberg

text: Joshua Höschel ben Joseph

text: Kraków

text: Council of Four Lands

text: Kremenetz

text: Enoch Hendel ben Shemariah

text: Vienna

text: Meir Lublin

text: Mordecai Yoffe

text: Rosh Yeshiva

text: Lemberg

text: Council of Four Lands

text: codes

text: Jacob ben Asher

text: "Tur"

text: Joseph Karo

text: Shulkhan Arukh

text: Talmud

text: Lemberg

text: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

text: Central Europe

text: Jew

text: Hebrew

text: German

text: HaCohen

text: HaLevy

text: given name

text: falcon

text: Joshua

text: Holy Land

text: Leviticus

text: family name

text: ancestor

text: Encyclopedia

text: commentary

text: Tur

text: rulings

text: Talmud

text: Rishonim

text: decisions

text: Choshen Mishpat

text: Shulkhan Arukh

text: Rishonim

text: Moses Isserles

text: Choshen Mishpat

text: Dyhernfurth

text: usury

text: Sulzbach

text: Azulai

text: Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi

text: Solomon Buber

text: Beit Israel ("Perishah" and "Derishah")

text: Joshua Ben Alexander Ha-Kohen

text: History of Jewish family Names

text: Yehoshu‘a ben Aleksander ha-Kohen

categories: Early Acharonim,1555 births,16th-century rabbis,17th-century rabbis,Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe),Polish rabbis,1614 deaths,16th-century Polish people,17th-century Polish people

paragraph: Joshua Falk

paragraph: Joshua ben Alexander HaCohen Falk (1555 – 29 March 1614) was a Polish Halakhist and Talmudist, best known as the author of the "Beit Yisrael" commentary on the "Arba'ah Turim" as well as "Sefer Me'irat Enayim" (סמ"ע) on "Shulkhan Arukh". His name also occurs as the Hebrew acronym רפ"כ ("RaFaC") (""Rabbi Falk Cohen"") and מהרו"כ ("Ma-HaRWaC") (""Morenu ha-Rab Walk Cohen"").

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was a pupil of his relative Moses Isserles and of Solomon Luria, and became the head of the yeshiva of Lemberg. Many celebrated rabbis were his pupils, among them being Joshua Höschel ben Joseph of Kraków, the author of ""Maginne Shelomoh"".

paragraph: Falk was a great authority on rabbinical matters. At the meeting of the Council of Four Lands in 1607, during the Kremenetz fair, many of his proposals were approved.

paragraph: In 1611 Falk and Enoch Hendel ben Shemariah issued a bill of divorce at Vienna which occasioned lengthy discussions among the celebrated rabbis of the time, including Meir Lublin and Mordecai Yoffe (see ""She'elot u-Teshubot MaHaRaM"", Nos. 123 et seq.).

paragraph: He was Rosh Yeshiva in Lemberg and served on the Council of Four Lands.

paragraph: Falk was opposed to the reliance on law codes to the exclusion of study of the original sources. Towards this end he composed a series of commentaries on the most influential codes, Rabbi Jacob ben Asher's "Tur" and Rabbi Joseph Karo's "Shulkhan Arukh". He spent his early life composing extensive analytical commentaries on the Talmud, which were later lost in a fire.

paragraph: Falk died at Lemberg, in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on 29 March 1614.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Note on the name "Joshua Falk".

paragraph: Until the early 19th century, the names of most Central European Jews consisted of a Hebrew first name, a German second name, the patronymic "ben ... " (son of ...) and, if an upper one, the class - HaCohen (or "Katz") or HaLevy. The German name was chosen to fit the Hebrew one: thus "Zvi" or "Naftali" went with "Hirsch", and "Zev" or "Binjamin" with "Wolf". Those whose given name was Yehoshua, Josua, or Joshua had the second name of Falk, Valk, Walk, Wallik or Wallich. (One theory is that "Falk", here, derives from the German for falcon: just as a falcon circles its prey, so Joshua circled and explored the Holy Land before swooping down on it. Some derive "Valk" from an acronym of Leviticus 19:18: ""ve'ahavta lere'akha kamokha"" - "Love thy neighbor as thyself"). The name Falk was thus not a family name until the 19th century, when it was adopted by those whose immediate ancestors had "Falk" as a second name. Encyclopedias will therefore have several entries under "Falk", where "Falk", strictly, is not a surname. References to Rabbi Falk are therefore often via "Yehoshua Falk ben Alexander HaCohen" or "Joshua Falk ben Alexander Katz" or "Joshua Falk Katz".

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: "Beit Yisrael" is a twin commentary on the "Tur", composed of the Perishah, a straightforward explanation, and the Derishah, deeper discussions on specific problems. The "Perishah" clarifies the rulings of the "Tur", by tracing them to their sources in the Talmud and "Rishonim". The "Derishah "is devoted to extensive analysis and comparison of the various interpretations and decisions proposed by various Talmudic authorities.

paragraph: Rabbi Falk also wrote:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sefer Me'irat Einayim", a commentary to the "Choshen Mishpat" section of the "Shulkhan Arukh", containing all the decisions of the "Rishonim", with an index of their sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sefer ha-Hosafah", a supplement to the "Darhkei Mosheh" of Moses Isserles, printed with the "Choshen Mishpat", Dyhernfurth, 1796;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kontres 'al Diney Ribbit", a discourse on the laws relating to the prohibition of usury, followed by some "takkanot" (ordinances by the Rabbis), Sulzbach, 1692;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Novellae on Talmudic treatises.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Azulai, "Shem ha-Gedolim," i.50, 70;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi, "Dizionario," i.116;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Solomon Buber, "Toledot Anshe Shem," No. 197.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beit Israel ("Perishah" and "Derishah"), Prof. Eliezer Segal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joshua Ben Alexander Ha-Kohen, jewishencyclopedia.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Jewish family Names, jewishgen.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meir Wunder, "Yehoshu‘a ben Aleksander ha-Kohen", in The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe.

alias:
Jehoschua Falk
Jehoschua Falk ben Alexander ha-Kohen

description: Polish rabbi

wikidata_label: Joshua Falk

wikipedia_title: Joshua Falk


text:
engraver
naturalist
Aquileia
anatomist
Johann Samuel Eduard d'Alton
Vienna
horsemanship
Würzburg
embryologist
Christian Heinrich Pander
art history
architectural
University of Bonn
Prussian Academy of Arts
Karl Marx
"Vergleichende Osteologie"
monograph
osteology
megatherium
embryo

categories: German anatomists,1772 births,People from Aquileia,University of Bonn faculty,German engravers,1840 deaths

paragraph: Eduard Joseph d'Alton

paragraph: Joseph Wilhelm Eduard d’Alton (August 11, 1772 – May 11, 1840) was a German engraver and naturalist who was a native of Aquileia (today part of Italy). He was the father of anatomist Johann Samuel Eduard d'Alton (1803–1854).

paragraph: Originally trained for military service, he learned in Vienna, a thorough knowledge of horses and horsemanship. He later traveled throughout Italy, the Rhineland and France, and during this time period, gained an insight in the areas of natural and art history. At Würzburg he worked closely with embryologist Christian Heinrich Pander, and later on, he taught art history and architectural theory at the University of Bonn, where in 1827 he became a "full professor" of art history. From 1831 to 1840, d'Alton was a member of the Prussian Academy of Arts. One of his famous students in Bonn was Karl Marx.

paragraph: Eduard d'Alton is largely remembered for his anatomical and zoological engravings and etchings. He collaborated with Christian Pander on "Vergleichende Osteologie", which was a series of monographs in the field of comparative osteology. In these works, d'Alton created engraved plates that portrayed the skeletal framework of numerous species, including the extinct megatherium. In Pander's 1817 treatise "Beiträge zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Hühnchens im Eye", d'Alton produced artistic images involving the embryonic development of a chicken.

description: German engraver and naturalist

wikidata_label: Eduard Joseph d'Alton

wikipedia_title: Eduard Joseph d'Alton


text:
Norway
Sigurd Haakonsson
Jarl of Lade
Trøndelag
Hålogaland
Jarl of Møre
Adam of Bremen
Ivar the Boneless
Sæming
Odin
Hakon Jarl Runestones
Harald Greycloak
Denmark
Harald Bluetooth
vassal
Götaland
Ottar Jarl
Otto II
Norse gods
Christianity
Vladimir I of Kiev
Novgorod
Yaropolk I of Kiev
Jomsvikings
Battle of Hjörungavágr
Trønder
Olaf Tryggvason
Harald Fairhair
Tormod Kark
Rimul
Melhus
Jarlshola
Eirik Håkonson
Sveinn Hákonarson
Olof Skötkonung
Eric Haakonsson
Battle of Svolder
Sweyn Haakonsson
Aud Haakonsdottir
Eric the Victorious
Yngvars saga víðförla
Bergljót Haakonsdottir
Einar Tambarskjelvar
Oppland
Skáldatal
Eyvindr Finnsson
Einarr skálaglamm
Tindr Hallkelsson
Skafti Þóroddsson
Eilífr Guðrúnarson
Vigfúss Víga-Glúmsson
Þorleifr jarlsskáld
Korsvika
Trondheim
Sagas
Snorri Sturluson
Lade Church
Snorri Sturluson
Heimskringla
Ágrip af Nóregskonungasögum
Hallfreðar saga
Hallfreðr
drápa
Skáldskaparmál
Adam Oehlenschläger
Halle
Smetana
Hakon Jarl
Korsvikaspillet: Håkon og Kark

categories: 10th-century murdered monarchs,Ladejarl dynasty,Norwegian military leaders,Year of birth unknown,Norwegian earls,Viking warriors,10th-century rulers in Europe,Viking Age monarchs,930s births

paragraph: Haakon Sigurdsson

paragraph: Haakon Sigurdarson (Haakon Jarl) (, ) (c. 937 – 995) was the de facto ruler of Norway from about 975 to 995. Sometimes he is styled Hakon the Powerful ().

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Haakon was the son of Sigurd Haakonsson, Jarl of Lade and ruler of Trøndelag and Hålogaland. His mother was Bergljot Toresdatter, daughter of , Jarl of Møre. Adam of Bremen wrote that he was "of the stock of Ivar (possibly Ivar the Boneless) and descended from a race of giants". In the sagas, Haakon claimed descent from the divine lineage of Sæming, son of Odin. The Hakon Jarl Runestones in Sweden may refer to him.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Haakon became earl after his father was killed by King Harald Greycloak's men in 961. Haakon Jarl warred with King Harald for some time, until he was forced to flee to Denmark, where he conspired with Harald Bluetooth against Harald Greycloak.

paragraph: The two arranged the death of Harald Greycloak around 971, after which Harald Bluetooth invited his foster-son to be invested with new Danish fiefs. Civil war broke out between Haakon Jarl and the surviving brothers of Harald Greycloak, but Haakon proved victorious. After this, Haakon Jarl ruled Norway as a vassal of Harald Bluetooth, but he was in reality an independent ruler. For Harald, he attacked Götaland and killed its ruler Ottar Jarl.

paragraph: Around 973-974, he went to Denmark to help Harald Bluetooth of Denmark in his defense against the Holy Roman Emperor Otto II. Otto's forces successfully opposed an attempt by Harald to throw off the German yoke. After that Haakon paid no taxes to Denmark.

paragraph: Haakon was a strong believer in the old Norse gods, even after Harald Bluetooth forced him to accept baptism around 975 and assigned him clergymen to take to Norway to spread Christianity. When a favourable wind came for Haakon to leave, he commanded the clergymen to return ashore, and broke his allegiance to Denmark. In 977 Vladimir I of Kiev fled to him, collecting as many of the Viking warriors as he could to assist him to recover Novgorod, and on his return the next year marched against Yaropolk I of Kiev. In 986, a Danish invasion fleet led by the fabled Jomsvikings was defeated at the Battle of Hjörungavágr.

paragraph: In 995, a quarrel broke out between Haakon and the Trønders just as Olaf Tryggvason, a descendant of Harald Fairhair arrived. Haakon quickly lost all support, and was killed by his own slave and friend, Tormod Kark, while hiding in the pig sty in the farm Rimul in Melhus. Jarlshola is the location in Melhus thought to have been the hiding place of Haakon Jarl and Tormod Kark on their last night before the infamous murder at Rimul. After his death, Haakon Jarl's two sons Eirik Håkonson and Sveinn Hákonarson, fled for protection to the king of Sweden, Olof Skötkonung.

paragraph: A number of (textually related) sources also recount Earl Haakon's predilection for raping women, whether the daughters of nobles or of commoners.

paragraph: Section::::Children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eric Haakonsson (960s – 1020s), would avenge his father at the Battle of Svolder and then govern Norway with his half-brother, Sveinn Hákonarson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sweyn Haakonsson (died c. 1016), co-ruler of Norway

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aud Haakonsdottir, married the Swedish king Eric the Victorious, according to "Yngvars saga víðförla"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bergljót Haakonsdottir, married Einar Tambarskjelvar

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sigrid Haakonsdottir, mother of Ivar Hvide, Jarl of Oppland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sigurd Haakonsson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ragnhild Haakonsdatter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erling Haakonsson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erland Haakonsson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hemming Haakonsson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ramvieg Haakonsdatter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Source: Foundation for Medieval genealogy

paragraph: Section::::Poets.

paragraph: According to "Skáldatal", Haakon had the following poets at his court:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eyvindr Finnsson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Einarr skálaglamm

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tindr Hallkelsson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Skafti Þóroddsson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Þórólfr munnr

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eilífr Guðrúnarson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vigfúss Víga-Glúmsson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Þorleifr jarlsskáld

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hvannár-Kálfr

paragraph: Section::::Korsvikaspillet.

paragraph: Haakon Jarl is a central figure in "Håkon og Kark" which is performed annually at the Korsvikaspillet festival in Korsvika in Trondheim. The play is based on the story of Haakon Jarl and Tormod Kark as portrayed in the Sagas by Snorri Sturluson. The first play was a poetic tableau that was made in connection with the 800-year anniversary of the Lade Church ("Lade kirke") in 1989 and repeated two years later. In 1995, wrote a new script. The music is composed by .

paragraph: Section::::Primary sources.

paragraph: Source basis for Haakon Jarl are considerable. He was given coverage in several sagas, including by Snorri Sturluson in "Heimskringla", "Ágrip af Nóregskonungasögum" and more. According to "Hallfreðar saga" the poet Hallfreðr composed a "drápa" on the earl. Several disjoint stanzas by Hallfreðr in "Skáldskaparmál" are often thought to belong to this otherwise lost poem.

paragraph: Section::::Oehlenschläger tragedy.

paragraph: Haakon Jarl's life also received literary treatment by Danish poet Adam Oehlenschläger, in his tragedy "Hakon Jarl", written in six weeks in 1805 during a stay in Halle, after reading Snorri's "Heimskringla". The theme is the conflict between paganism and Christianity. There is an English translation by J. C. Lindberg. Oehlenschläger's play later formed the basis for Smetana's symphonic poem "Hakon Jarl".

paragraph: Section::::Other sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Foote, P. G., and D. M. Wilson (1970) "The Viking Achievement" (Macmillan Company)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gjerset, Knut (1915) "History of The Norwegian People" (Macmillan Company)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jones, Gwyn (1973) "A History of the Vikings" (Oxford University Press)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Krag, Claus (2000) "Norges historie fram til 1319" (Universitetsforlaget)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Larsen, Karen (1948) "A History of Norway" (Princeton University Press)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stylegar, F.A. (2013) "Håkon jarl" (Spartacus forlag)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Korsvikaspillet: Håkon og Kark

alias:
Haakon Sigurdarson
Haakon Jarl

wikidata_label: Haakon Sigurdsson

wikipedia_title: Haakon Sigurdsson


text:
American
NCAA Division I
college baseball
head coach
University of Houston
Houston Cougars baseball
Houstonian
Spring Woods High School
Minor League Baseball
Houston Astros
Christian
UHCougars.com profile
TheBaseballCube.com player stats

categories: Houston Cougars baseball players,Houston Cougars baseball coaches,People from Houston,People from Foard County, Texas,1961 births,Rice Owls baseball coaches,Living people,All-American college baseball players

paragraph: Rayner Noble

paragraph: James Rayner Noble (born August 7, 1961) is an American former baseball coach and player.

paragraph: He last served as NCAA Division I college baseball head coach at the University of Houston. In 13 years of coaching Houston Cougars baseball, he is the winningest coach in Cougars history. Noble's coaching career record is 491–354 (.581).

paragraph: A native Houstonian, Noble attended Spring Woods High School and holds both a bachelor's and master's degree from the University of Houston.

paragraph: From to , Noble played Minor League Baseball in the Houston Astros organization.

paragraph: Noble wore one of the highest numbers in college baseball (#85, as opposed to his playing #9), which he said he wore to remind himself of becoming a Christian in 1985.

paragraph: After suffering the first consecutive losing seasons of his career, Noble was fired on June 4, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- UHCougars.com profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- TheBaseballCube.com player stats

description: Baseball player and coach

wikidata_label: Rayner Noble

wikipedia_title: Rayner Noble


href: Floruit Italy Renaissance Giovanni%20Bellini Gallerie%20dell%27Accademia Vicenza

text:
fl
Italian
Renaissance
Giovanni Bellini
Gallerie dell'Accademia
Vicenza

categories: Venetian painters,Italian male painters,Italian Renaissance painters,Albanian male painters,Year of birth unknown,16th-century Italian painters,Year of death unknown

paragraph: Andrea Busati

paragraph: Andrea Busati di Stefano (fl. 1503-1528) was an Italian painter of Albanian origin during the Renaissance period. Andrea was the son of Stefano Busati who had fled to Venice from Albania. He was a follower of the Giovanni Bellini, is the author of a signed "St. Mark enthroned between SS. Francis and Andrew", painted about 1510, and now in the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice. A figure of a Saint in the Vicenza Gallery is also ascribed to him.

alias:
Andrea Bussati
Busati

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Andrea Busati

wikipedia_title: Andrea Busati