text: epithet

text: Greco-Bactrian

text: Indo-Greek

text: Demetrius

text: Paropamisade

text: Bactria

text: India

text: Euthydemus

text: Pantaleon

text: Eucratides

text: Greco-Bactrian

text: coin

text: Alexander the Great

text: Greek

text: Antiochus III

text: Greco-Bactrian

text: Diodotus

text: Diodotus II

text: Euthydemus

text: Demetrius

text: Pantaleon

text: Antiochus III

text: Greek

text: Alexander Balas

text: Diodotus Tryphon

text: Alexander the Great

text: Greek

text: Greek

text: Greek

text: Greek

text: Pantaleon

text: Euthydemus II

text: Warring States period

text: Greco-Bactrian kingdom

text: United States

text: Dionysos

text: thyrsus

text: Buddhist

text: Hindu

text: Brahmi

text: Greek

text: Kharoshthi

text: stupa

text: arched-hill symbol

text: Brahmi

text: Kharoshthi

text: Lakshmi

text: drachmas

text: Ai-Khanoum

text: Ai-Khanoum

text: Vaisnava

text: India

text: Vedic deities

text: Avatar

text: Vishnu

text: Balarama

text: Sankarshana

text: Gada

text: plow

text: Vasudeva

text: Krishna

text: Vishnu

text: Shankha

text: Sudarshana Chakra

text: chattra

text: Bodhisattva

text: Mathura

text: stupas

text: Bharhut

text: Sanci

text: Pantaleon

text: Lakshmi

text: Subhadra

text: Krishna

text: Balarama

text: Post-Mauryan coinage of Gandhara

text: Taxila

text: Demetrius I

text: Bhagavata

text: Vaishnavism

text: Gandhara

text: Antialcidas

text: Besnagar pillar

text: Kushan

text: Vima Kadphises

text: Shiva

text: Brahmi script

text: Edicts of Ashoka

text: Karla Caves

text: Gupta script

text: Samudragupta

text: Allahabad pillar

text: Christian Lassen

text: Indo-Greek

text: Pantaleon

text: James Prinsep

text: East India Company

text: Major Cunningham

text: Richard Salomon

text: Indo-Greek Kingdom

text: Greco-Buddhism

text: Indo-Scythians

text: W. W. Tarn

text: Internet Archive

text: Coins of Agatocles

text: More coins of Agathocles

text: Catalogue of the coins of Agathocles

text: Copper-Nickel coinage in Greco-Bactria

text: Ancient Chinese weapons

categories: 2nd-century BC rulers in Asia,Indo-Greek kings,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Agathocles of Bactria

paragraph: Agathocles Dikaios (; epithet meaning: "the Just") was a Greco-Bactrian/ Indo-Greek king, who reigned between around 190 and 180 BC. He might have been a son of Demetrius and one of his sub-kings in charge of the Paropamisade between Bactria and India. In that case, he was a grandson of Euthydemus whom he qualified on his coins as Βασιλεὺς Θεός, "Basileus Theos" (Greek for "God-King").

paragraph: Agathocles was contemporary with or a successor of king Pantaleon. He seems to have been attacked and killed by the usurper Eucratides, who took control of the Greco-Bactrian territory. Little is known about him, apart from his extensive coinage.

paragraph: Section::::Pedigree coinage.

paragraph: Agathocles issued a series of "pedigree" dynastic coins, probably with the intent to advertise his lineage and legitimize his rule, linking him to Alexander the Great, a king referred to as Antiochus Nikator (Greek: ""Νικάτωρ"" "Victorious", probably intended to be Antiochus III), the founder of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom Diodotus and his son Diodotus II, Euthydemus, Demetrius and Pantaleon. On these coins, Agathocles labels himself ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ, "The Just".

paragraph: Section::::Pedigree coinage.:Dynast or usurper?

paragraph: The pedigree coinage has been seen as a token of his ancestry, but a critical view might be considered. All the associations provide a contradictory image. The Euthydemid kings (Demetrius and Euthydemus) are not known to be related to Diodotus – in fact, Euthydemus I overthrew Diodotus II. The Seleucids were enemies of the Euthydemids as well – king Antiochus III had besieged Bactra for almost three years before claiming victory over Euthydemus I. However, Antiochus III did not take the territory and after Euthydemus I sent his son Demetrius in an envoy to him, he recognized them as the rightful kings in Bactria. Antiochus III is known to have used the epithet "Nikator" (""Νικάτωρ"" Greek for "Victorious").

paragraph: Finally, the association with Alexander was a standard move for usurpers in the Hellenistic world, such as the pseudo-Seleucids Alexander Balas and the Syrian general Diodotus Tryphon.

paragraph: All in all, the coins might well support the view of a usurper, or more probable a member of a minor branch of a dynasty, anxious to gather support from all quarters with his various memorial coins. However, the similarities between his coinage and that of Pantaleon make it probable that Agathocles was indeed a relative of the latter, who in that case might have been a usurper as well.

paragraph: BULLET::::- I) Pedigree coin of Agathocles with Alexander the Great.

paragraph: Obverse – Greek inscription reads: "ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ" i.e. "of Alexander son of Philip".br

paragraph: Reverse – Greek inscription reads: "ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΟΝΤΟΣ ΑΓΑΘΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ" i.e. "of Reign Agathocles the Just".

paragraph: BULLET::::- II) Pedigree coin of Agathocles with Diodotus the Saviour.

paragraph: Obverse – Greek inscription reads: "ΔΙΟΔΟΤΟΥ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ" i.e. "of Diodotus the Saviour".br

paragraph: Section::::Nickel coins.

paragraph: Also, Agathocles and Pantaleon, along with their contemporary Euthydemus II, are unique in the ancient world, in that they were the first in the world to issue copper-nickel (75/25 ratio) coins, an alloy technology only known by the Chinese at the time (some weapons from the Warring States period were in copper-nickel alloy). These coins are indicative of the existence of trade links with China around that time (see Greco-Bactrian kingdom). Copper-nickel would not be used again in coinage until the 19th century in the United States.

paragraph: These coins used the symbolism of Dionysos with a thyrsus over his left shoulder and his panther, which were his type for smaller coinage.

paragraph: Section::::Bilingual coinage.

paragraph: At the same time, Agathocles issued an intriguing range of bilingual coinage, displaying what seems to be Buddhist as well as Hindu symbolism. The coins, manufactured according to the Indian standard, using either Brahmi, Greek or Kharoshthi (a first in the Greek world), and displaying symbols of the various faiths in India, tend to indicate a considerable willingness to accommodate local languages and beliefs, to an extent unseen in subsequent Indo-Greek kings. They may be indicative of the considerable efforts of the first Indo-Greek kings to secure support from Indian populations and avoid being perceived as invaders, efforts which may have subsided once the Indo-Greek kingdoms were more securely in place.

paragraph: Section::::Bilingual coinage.:Buddhist coinage.

paragraph: The Buddhist coinage of Agathocles is in the Indian standard (square or round copper coins) and depicts Buddhist symbols such as the stupa (or arched-hill symbol), the "tree in railing" (another Buddhist symbol) or the lion. These coins sometimes use Brahmi, and sometimes Kharoshthi, whereas later Indo-Greek kings only used Kharoshthi. Lakshmi appears in several of these coins, a Goddess of abundance and fortune for Hindus and early Buddhists.

paragraph: Section::::Bilingual coinage.:Hinduist coinage.

paragraph: The Hinduist coins of Agathocles are few but spectacular. Six Indian-standard silver drachmas were discovered at Ai-Khanoum in 1970, which depict Hindu deities. These coins, discovered on 3 October 1970 hidden in a pilgrim’s water-vessel in a room of the administrative quarter of the Greco-Bactrian city of Ai-Khanoum, are key to the understanding of the evolution of Vaisnava imagery in India.

paragraph: These seem to be the first known representations of Vedic deities on coins, and they display early Avatars of Vishnu: Balarama-Sankarshana with attributes consisting of the Gada mace and the plow, and Vasudeva-Krishna with the Vishnu attributes of the Shankha (a pear-shaped case or conch) and the Sudarshana Chakra wheel. According to Bopearachchi, the headdress is actually a misrepresentation of a shaft with a half-moon parasol on top (chattra), as seen in later statues of Bodhisattvas in Mathura. It is therefore thought that sculptures or images, predating the coins but now lost, served as models to the engravers.

paragraph: The frontal pose of these deities is totally uncharacteristic of the general depiction of Gods on Greek coins, who are generally shown in three-quarter postures. The sideways disposition of the feet is also characteristic of early India sculptures, as seen in the stupas of Bharhut or Sanci. This leads specialists to think that these images are the work of Indian engravers, who were familiar with the style and conventions of archaic Indian art.

paragraph: The dancing girls on some of the coins of Agathocles and Pantaleon are also sometimes considered as representations of Lakshmi, the consort of Vishnu, but also a Goddess of abundance and fortune for Buddhists, or Subhadra, the sister of Krishna and Balarama. She is also seen in the Post-Mauryan coinage of Gandhara, on a Taxilan coin which is thought to have been minted by Demetrius I following his invasion.

paragraph: These coins from Ai-Khanoum are a precious indication of the forms taken by the Bhagavata cult and Vaishnavism in early India, and shows that this cult was already popular in the area of Gandhara around the 2nd century BCE. The first known inscription related to the Bhagavata cult was also made by an Indo-Greek, an ambassador of king Antialcidas, who wrote a dedication on the Besnagar pillar in the 2nd century CE.

paragraph: This popularity suffered a drastic decline when the Kushan Emperor Vima Kadphises proclaimed on his coins in the 1st century AD his worship of Shiva.

paragraph: Section::::Bilingual coinage.:Decipherment of the Brahmi script.

paragraph: From 1834, some attempts were made to decipher the Brahmi script, the main script used in old Indian inscriptions such as the Edicts of Ashoka, and which had become extinct since the 5th century CE. Some attempts by Rev. J. Stevenson were made to identify characters from the Karla Caves (circa 1st century CE) based on their similarities with the Gupta script of the Samudragupta inscription of the Allahabad pillar (4th century CE) which had just been deciphered, but this led to a mix of good (about 1/3) and bad guesses, which did not permit proper decipherment of the Brahmi.

paragraph: The first successful attempts at deciphering the ancient Brahmi script of the 3rd-2nd centuries BCE were made in 1836 by Norwegian scholar Christian Lassen, who used the bilingual Greek-Brahmi coins of Indo-Greek kings Agathocles and Pantaleon to correctly and securely identify several Brahmi letters. The task was then completed by James Prinsep, an archaeologist, philologist, and official of the East India Company, who was able to identify the rest of the Brahmi characters, with the help of Major Cunningham. In a series of results that he published in March 1838 Prinsep was able to translate the inscriptions on a large number of rock edicts found around India, and provide, according to Richard Salomon, a "virtually perfect" rendering of the full Brahmi alphabet.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indo-Greek Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- Greco-Buddhism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indo-Scythians

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Greeks in Bactria and India", W. W. Tarn, Cambridge University Press

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bactria – the history of a forgotten empire", H. G. Rawlinson, Probhstain & co, London (1912) (Internet Archive)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coins of Agatocles

paragraph: BULLET::::- More coins of Agathocles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catalogue of the coins of Agathocles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Copper-Nickel coinage in Greco-Bactria

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ancient Chinese weapons

paragraph: BULLET::::- A halberd of copper-nickel alloy, from the Warring States Period

description: Indo-Greek King

wikidata_label: Agathocles of Bactria

wikipedia_title: Agathocles of Bactria


text:
Greek
Greco-Bactrian
Diodotus I
Parthia
Arsaces
Seleucid
Parthia
Bactria
Euthydemus I

categories: 3rd-century BC rulers,Greco-Bactrian kings,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Diodotus II

paragraph: Diodotus II (Greek: ; c. 252 BC – c. 223 BC) was a Greco-Bactrian king from c. 239 BC, son of Diodotus I. He is known for concluding a peace treaty with the Parthian king Arsaces, in order to forestall the Seleucid reconquest of both Parthia and Bactria:

paragraph: Around 230 or 223 BC, Diodotus was killed by a usurper, his brother-in-law Euthydemus I, founder of the Greco-Bactrian Euthydemid dynasty:

description: Greco-Bactrian king

wikidata_label: Diodotus II

wikipedia_title: Diodotus II


text: New South Wales

text: ball

text: hit her own wicket

text: pair

text: middle order

text: century

text: retiring out

text: Queensland

text: not out

text: Kent

text: Myrtle Maclagan

text: Don Bradman

categories: 1967 deaths,Australia women Test cricketers,1913 births,Australian women cricketers

paragraph: Hazel Pritchard

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Pritchard was born in Sydney on 23 December 1913. She made her debut in state cricket for New South Wales in 1931 at the age of 17. During England's 1934–35 tour of Australia and New Zealand, she faced the touring side in four matches. The first of these appearances was for New South Wales, for whom she top-scored in both innings, making 27 and 75 in a match that England won by seven wickets. In the following match, the first Women's Test match, Pritchard faced the first ball. She eventually hit her own wicket after scoring four runs. In the second innings, she improved, scoring 20 runs. She fared less well in the second Test, suffering a pair: being dismissed without scoring in both innings. In the third match, she batted in the middle order in the first innings, and returned to open the batting in the second, scoring five runs in each innings of the drawn match.

paragraph: During the 1936–37 season, she scored the first century in women's interstate cricket, retiring out after scoring 144 against Queensland. She was part of the Australian team which toured England in 1937. During that tour, she was Australia's most effective batsman, scoring 306 Test runs at an average of 51.00. She began the tour strongly, with scores of 74 not out against Kent, and 96 and 43 not out against the Midlands. She helped Australia to victory in the first Test match, hitting 87 runs in the first innings and 17 in the second. During her next match, against a team representing the "North of England", she scored the first century by an Australian woman in England, remaining 144 not out as Australia recorded a large victory. Pritchard top-scored for Australia in both innings of the second Test, making 67 and 41, but a century from Myrtle Maclagan helped England to win by 25 runs. She recorded a half-century and two low scores in tour matches before the third Test, in which she scored 28 runs in the first innings and 66 in the second in a drawn match.

paragraph: Her performances drew comparisons to Don Bradman, and she was nicknamed the "Girl Bradman". The outbreak of the Second World War ended her cricket career; in all she scored 340 Test runs at an average of 28.33, with a top-score of 87. Her contributions were recognised in 2011, when she was inducted into the Cricket New South Wales Hall of Fame. She died on 3 November 1967 in Sydney, aged 53.

description: cricketer

wikidata_label: Hazel Pritchard

wikipedia_title: Hazel Pritchard


text: Lakkoi

text: Athens

text: Greek

text: Major General

text: Greek Resistance

text: Lakkoi

text: Hellenic Army

text: Balkan Wars

text: Movement of National Defence

text: École Supérieure de Guerre

text: Asia Minor Campaign

text: 1938 uprising in Chania

text: Metaxas Regime

text: World War II

text: Cretan Resistance

text: National Liberation Front

text: Greek People's Liberation Army

text: Piraeus Prefecture

text: Makronisos

text: Greek Civil War

text: Piraeus Prefecture

text: Democratic Alignment

text: United Democratic Left

categories: People from Ottoman Crete,Greek military personnel of World War I,National Liberation Front (Greece) members,Greek MPs 1950–1951,People of the Greek Civil War,Democratic Alignment politicians,1891 births,Greek military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922),People from Platanias,1968 deaths,United Democratic Left politicians,Greek MPs 1951–1952,Greek prisoners and detainees,Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur,Hellenic Army generals

paragraph: Manolis Mantakas

paragraph: Emmanouil or Manolis Mantakas (, Lakkoi 1891 - Athens 1968) was a Greek Army officer who rose to the rank of Major General, and who became a leader in the Greek Resistance and a politician.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Lakkoi in 1891 and joined the Hellenic Army in 1910. He fought in the Balkan Wars and took part in the Movement of National Defence. He studied as a staff officer in the "École Supérieure de Guerre" and fought in the Asia Minor Campaign. A staunch republican, he was dismissed from the Army after the royalist coup of 1 October 1935, and took part in the abortive 1938 uprising in Chania against the dictatorial Metaxas Regime. During World War II he became a leader in the Cretan Resistance and joined the Communist-controlled National Liberation Front and the Greek People's Liberation Army resistance groups. He also served in the EAM-organized government of "Free Greece", the Political Committee of National Liberation, as Secretary for Military Affairs and later as its Vice-President, and was elected a deputy for Piraeus Prefecture in the PEEA's parliament, the "National Council".

paragraph: Due to his communist affiliation, he was exiled to Makronisos in 1947–1949, during the Greek Civil War, but after his release was elected as an MP for Piraeus Prefecture with the Democratic Alignment in the 1950 and with the United Democratic Left in 1951.

description: Greek general

wikidata_label: Manolis Mantakas

wikipedia_title: Manolis Mantakas


text:
professional baseball
pitcher
Cleveland Indians
Major League Baseball
Chicago Cubs
Milwaukee Brewers
Minnesota Twins
San Francisco Giants
New York Mets
Cleveland Indians
Kempsville High School
Virginia Beach, Virginia
Gatorade
Aflac
United States
World Junior Baseball Championship
Baseball America
college baseball
Georgia Tech
Texas Rangers
2007 Major League Baseball Draft
Spokane Indians
Hickory Crawdads
Triple-A
Round Rock
Eric Hurley
Frisco, Texas
MLB.com
40-man roster
Chicago Cubs
player to be named later
Matt Garza
walks plus hits per inning pitched
New York Mets
Milwaukee Brewers
Minnesota Twins
San Francisco Giants
Bryan Morris
Toronto Blue Jays
New York Mets
designated
Washington Nationals
Cleveland Indians
Columbus Clippers

categories: Cleveland Indians players,Arizona League Cubs players,New York Mets players,Rochester Red Wings players,San Francisco Giants players,Sportspeople from Virginia Beach, Virginia,Minnesota Twins players,Myrtle Beach Pelicans players,Tennessee Smokies players,Chicago Cubs players,Surprise Saguaros players,Spokane Indians players,Hickory Crawdads players,Milwaukee Brewers players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,Iowa Cubs players,Frisco RoughRiders players,Baseball players from Virginia,1989 births,Syracuse Chiefs players,Round Rock Express players

paragraph: Neil Ramírez

paragraph: Neil Andrew Ramírez (born May 25, 1989) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the Cleveland Indians organization. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB)for the Chicago Cubs, Milwaukee Brewers, Minnesota Twins, San Francisco Giants, New York Mets, and Cleveland Indians.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and amateur career.

paragraph: Ramírez attended and played baseball at Kempsville High School in Virginia Beach, Virginia. In high school, he was named the 2007 Gatorade Virginia Baseball Player of the Year, made the East team roster at the 2006 Aflac All-American Classic and won a silver medal with the United States at the 2006 World Junior Baseball Championship in Cuba. "Baseball America" ranked him the 71st best draft prospect in 2007.

paragraph: Ramírez originally committed to play college baseball at Georgia Tech but was selected by the Texas Rangers in the first round of the 2007 Major League Baseball Draft and decided instead to sign a professional contract.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Texas Rangers.

paragraph: Ramírez spent six years in the Rangers' farm system, playing for the Spokane Indians in 2008 and the Hickory Crawdads in 2009 and 2010.

paragraph: On August 17, he was promoted to Triple-A at Round Rock in place of Eric Hurley who was placed on the disabled list with viral infection. Prior to his promotion, on July 15, Ramírez was sent to rehab in Double-A Frisco, Texas due to a sore shoulder. He was quoted as saying to MLB.com that the absence had not bothered him.

paragraph: On November 18, 2011, Ramírez was added to the Rangers' 40-man roster.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago Cubs.

paragraph: On August 23, 2013, Ramírez was traded to the Chicago Cubs as the player to be named later in the July 2013 trade of Matt Garza. By June 9, 2014, through 14 innings pitched, he had struck out 23 players while having only .71 walks plus hits per inning pitched rating.

paragraph: On June 5, 2014, Ramírez earned his first career save in a victory over the New York Mets.

paragraph: Ramírez finished the year with a 1.44 ERA in 43.2 innings pitched

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Milwaukee Brewers.

paragraph: On May 31, 2016, Ramírez was claimed off waivers by the Milwaukee Brewers.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Minnesota Twins.

paragraph: On June 12, 2016, Ramírez was claimed off waivers by the Minnesota Twins.. He finished the year with a 6.00 ERA in 24 innings

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco Giants.

paragraph: During the 2016 offseason, Ramírez signed a minor league contract with the San Francisco Giants. He was designated for assignment on April 30, 2017, to create room for Bryan Morris who had his contract purchased from Triple-A.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Toronto Blue Jays.

paragraph: On May 4, 2017, Ramírez was claimed off waivers by the Toronto Blue Jays. He was designated for assignment on May 9 without having thrown a pitch for the Blue Jays. On May 14, Ramírez elected free agency after being outrighted to the minor leagues.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Mets.

paragraph: On May 16, 2017, the New York Mets signed Ramírez. On July 20, the Mets designated Ramírez for assignment.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Nationals.

paragraph: On July 27, 2017, Ramírez signed a minor league deal with the Washington Nationals. He elected free agency on November 6, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Cleveland Indians.

paragraph: Ramírez signed a minor league contract with the Cleveland Indians on November 30, 2017. The Indians purchased Ramírez's contract on May 15, 2018. He finished the season with an ERA of 4.54 in innings, his most output since his rookie season in 2014.

paragraph: He began the 2019 season in the bullpen. He was designated for assignment by the Indians on May 18, 2019 after registering an ERA of 5.40 in innings. After clearing waivers, Ramírez accepted a minor league assignment to the Columbus Clippers, the Indians' Triple-A affiliate, on May 23, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Scouting report.

paragraph: According to "Baseball America", Ramírez is tall, weighs , and can throw his fastball at .

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Ramírez married Tiffany in October 2014.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Neil Ramirez

wikipedia_title: Neil Ramírez


text:
Iredell, Texas
Fort Worth, Texas
Major League Baseball
St. Louis Cardinals
World War I
Texas League

categories: Beaumont Exporters players,Ranger Nitros players,Dallas Submarines players,Minor league baseball managers,Austin Senators players,Vernon Tigers players,Vicksburg Hill Billies players,Dallas Steers players,Baseball players from Texas,Denver Bears players,Shreveport Pirates (baseball) players,Indianapolis Indians players,San Antonio Bears players,St. Louis Cardinals players,Waco Cubs players,Los Angeles Angels (minor league) players,1950 deaths,1887 births

paragraph: Jim Galloway (baseball)

paragraph: James Cato "Bad News" Galloway (September 16, 1887 in Iredell, Texas – May 3, 1950 in Fort Worth, Texas) was an American Major League Baseball second baseman who played for the St. Louis Cardinals in 1912.

paragraph: Galloway began his professional career in 1910 and played until 1917. He served in World War I, then returned to professional baseball in 1920, playing until 1929, when he was 41 years old.

paragraph: He made his major league debut on August 24, 1912 and played his final game on October 1 of that year. In 21 games, the 24-year-old hit .185 with no home runs, four RBI, two doubles and two stolen bases in 54 at-bats.

paragraph: In the minor leagues, he played in 2,117 games and hit around .298 with at least 2,265 hits and 159 home runs. He hit over .300 nine times, with a career high of .347 (which he accomplished twice). He managed in the minor leagues for a decade and umpired in the Texas League for three years.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Jim Galloway

wikipedia_title: Jim Galloway (baseball)


text:
Yerevan
Yerevan
Armenian
poet
Hovhannes Shiraz
Writers Union of Armenia
meteor
Sipan Shiraz
Sipan Shiraz
In Memory of Sipan, Aravot daily

categories: 20th-century Armenian poets,Armenian painters,People from Yerevan,Armenian sculptors,1967 births,1997 deaths,20th-century male writers,Armenian male poets

paragraph: Sipan Shiraz

paragraph: Sipan Shiraz () (1967, Yerevan – June 25, 1997, Yerevan) was an Armenian poet, sculptor and painter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was the son of Armenian poet Hovhannes Shiraz and his second wife, Shushanik. He studied at Yerevan Art Institute. Shiraz was an author of poetry books and memoirs about his father. A member of the Writers Union of Armenia, he also worked at Yerevan radio. According to poet Artashes Ghazaryan, "Sipan lived as a meteor".

paragraph: During his short life he published 7 books of poems. He is buried at Yerevan Central Cemetery’s Pantheon.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mahamerdz tari", Yerevan, 1992, 149 p.,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hayrik", Yerevan, 1993, 103 p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Selected poems", 2008, 272 p.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sipan Shiraz

paragraph: BULLET::::-

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sipan Shiraz

paragraph: BULLET::::- In Memory of Sipan, Aravot daily

description: Armenian poet

wikidata_label: Sipan Shiraz

wikipedia_title: Sipan Shiraz


text:
Morning Glory
Leftöver Crack
Choking Victim
InDK
Grand Forks, North Dakota
Colombo, Sri Lanka
Overseas School of Colombo
Nelson, British Columbia
Choking Victim
No Gods, No Managers
September 11, 2001
Mediocre Generica
F-Minus
Fuck World Trade
Jello Biafra
Alternative Tentacles
Steve Albini
Skwert
World Inferno Friendship Society
Thulsa Doom
John John Jesse
Nausea
Jesse Cannon
Fat Wreck Chords
F-Minus
Citizen Fish
Citizen Fish
Off With Their Heads

categories: American singer-songwriters,Living people,1975 births

paragraph: Ezra Kire

paragraph: Ezra Kire (born Ezra Cannon, December 30, 1975) is an American musician with the punk band Morning Glory, and is an ex-member of punk bands Leftöver Crack, Choking Victim and InDK. He currently resides in New York City.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ezra Kire was born on December 30, 1975, in the town of Grand Forks, North Dakota, near the Canada–US border. In his youth his family frequently move across North America, then eventually to Colombo, Sri Lanka, where he attended high school at the Overseas School of Colombo. It was there that he started his first band with friend Derek Dees. In 1990 the two 8th graders played their first show at the school cafeteria, along with another two shows later that year, including the senior prom. After leaving Sri Lanka, Ezra moved to the small Canadian town of Nelson, British Columbia, where he played in the band Dead Faculty. After Ben Millard joined on guitar they played for a few years before Millard and Erza formed Celler Of The Sun, with Dale Butterfield on drums and Ferdy Belland on bass. They recorded two albums before Ezra suffered a mental breakdown and moved to the United States.

paragraph: Section::::Choking Victim & Leftöver Crack.

paragraph: In 1998 Kire joined the political ska-punk band Choking Victim on lead guitar. After the release of their debut album in 1999, "No Gods, No Managers", the members went their separate ways, having broken up during the recording session for the album. During this period Kire formed the band InDK, and began recording music by himself under the moniker Morning Glory. In 2001 he reunited with former Choking Victim bandmate Scott "Stza" Sturgeon, to join his fledgling political ska-punk band Leftöver Crack.

paragraph: From early on Leftöver Crack experienced a publicized dispute with their record label, Hellcat Records (a subsidiary of Epitaph Records) over censorship regarding their proposed album title "Shoot the Kids at School", and its accompanying artwork. On September 11, 2001 Leftöver Crack released their debut album "Mediocre Generica". In order to avoid further contractual disputes with the label, the band released their split EP with F-Minus "Baby Jesus, Sliced Up In The Manger" under the pseudonym "The Crack Rock Steady 7" in 2001 with Hell Bent Records. For their second album "Fuck World Trade" (2004) the bandmoved to Jello Biafra's label Alternative Tentacles, and recorded the album in Chicago with engineer/producer Steve Albini. In addition to this publicized dispute with their label, Leftöver Crack attracted considerable attention from the NYPD.

paragraph: In early 2012 Kire left Leftöver Crack in order to concentrate on Morning Glory, stating that he "wanted to move on and do other things".

paragraph: Section::::InDK & Morning Glory.

paragraph: Shortly after the break-up of Choking Victim, Kire started the short-lived skate-punk band InDK with other members of the New York punk scene, including ex-Choking Victim drummer Skwert. The band released one EP "In Decay" in 1999, and one album "Kill Whitey!", which was released in 2002 after the band had broken up during its recording sessions.

paragraph: In early 2001 Kire self-released the Morning Glory EP "Tha Suicide Singles" although it was recorded and played entirely by himself. The music was a more personal and polished version of Kire's melodic and anthemic song writing. Later that same year the project expanded into a full band and released its first album "This is No Time Ta Sleep". The new line-up was made up of JP Otto (Stockyard Stoics) on drums, guitarists Lucky Strano (World Inferno Friendship Society) and Mike Hause (Thulsa Doom), and bassist John John Jesse (Nausea). In 2003 they released the EP "The Whole World Is Watching" with recording engineer Jesse Cannon at Musformation Studios in Union City, New Jersey. In 2008 they did a brief tour of the West Coast in the United States.

paragraph: The band resurfaced again in 2010 with a new line-up, including Early Gates on drums, "Metal" Chris on bass, and guitarists Shawn Gardiner and Adam Schrager. In 2012 Morning Glory was signed to Fat Wreck Chords and released their second full-length album "Poets Were My Heroes" on August 28 of the same year. From late 2012 the band embarked on tours of the Mid West and West Coast of the U.S., and toured the UK and Europe from March to April 2013. They released the album's accompanying single "Born To December" in May 2013, featuring two unreleased songs "Sara Says" and "Jesus Christ Boogie (O Aneurysm!)", as a 7" EP on colored vinyl.

paragraph: In March 2014 the band released their third album "War Psalms" (Fat Wreck Chords).

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: "Solo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Speakers in the Sky (LP) Anxious and Angry, 2017

paragraph: "with Choking Victim"

paragraph: BULLET::::- No Gods, No Managers (LP) Hellcat Records, 1999.

paragraph: "with InDK"

paragraph: BULLET::::- In Decay (EP) Tent City Records, 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kill Whitey! (LP) Go-Kart Records, 2002.

paragraph: "with Leftöver Crack"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mediocre Generica (LP) Hellcat Records, 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- †Baby Jesus, Sliced Up in The Manger (Split EP with "F-Minus") Hell Bent Records, 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fuck World Trade (LP) Alternative Tentacles, 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baby Punchers / Meltdown (Split 7" with "Citizen Fish") Fat Wreck Chords, 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deadline (Split EP with "Citizen Fish") Alternative Tentacles, 2007.

paragraph: †Released under the name "Crack Rock Steady 7"

paragraph: "with Morning Glory "

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tha Suicide Singles (EP) Revolution Rock Records, 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- This Is No Time Ta Sleep (LP) Revolution Rock Records, 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Whole World Is Watching (EP) Blacknoise Recordings, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poets Were My Heroes (LP) Fat Wreck Chords, 2012.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Born to December (7") Fat Wreck Chords, 2013.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Always Alone (Split 7", with "Off With Their Heads") Fat Wreck Chords, 2013.

paragraph: BULLET::::- War Psalms (LP) Fat Wreck Chords, 2014.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Post War Psalms (EP) Anxious and Angry/Buyback Records, 2016.

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Ezra Kire

wikipedia_title: Ezra Kire


text: Japanese

text: poet

text: tandai

text: Kyūshū

text: Ashikaga bakufu

text: Imagawa Norikuni

text: Ashikaga

text: shōgun

text: Ashikaga Takauji

text: Suruga Province

text: Shizuoka Prefecture

text: Imagawa

text: Muromachi period

text: Edo period

text: Buddhism

text: Confucianism

text: Chinese

text: archery

text: strategy

text: horse-back riding

text: Tōkaidō

text: Tōtōmi

text: Reizei school

text: Emperor Go-Daigo

text: Bakufu

text: Kikuchi Takemitsu

text: Shimazu

text: Ōtomo

text: Shōni

text: Satsuma

text: Korea

text: Tōtōmi

text: imperial anthology

text: Fūga Wakashū

text: Nijo school

text: Shōtetsu

text: waka

text: renga

text: Nijō Yoshimoto

text: Fujiwara no Teika

text: yūgen

text: Columbia University Press

text: Carl Steenstrup

text: Shōtetsu

text: Earl Miner

text: Stanford University

text: Tokyo

text: Monumenta Nipponica

categories: Daimyo,1420 deaths,14th-century Japanese poets,1326 births,Bushido,Imagawa clan

paragraph: Imagawa Sadayo

paragraph: , also known as , was a renowned Japanese poet and military commander who served as tandai ("constable") of Kyūshū under the Ashikaga bakufu from 1371 to 1395. His father, Imagawa Norikuni, had been a supporter of the first Ashikaga "shōgun", Ashikaga Takauji, and for his services had been granted the position of constable of Suruga Province (modern-day Shizuoka Prefecture). This promotion increased the prestige of the Imagawa family (a warrior family dating from the Muromachi period, which was related by blood to the Ashikaga shoguns) considerably, and they remained an important family through to the Edo period.

paragraph: Section::::Sadayo's early life.

paragraph: During his early years Sadayo was taught Buddhism, Confucianism and Chinese, archery, and the military arts such as strategy and horse-back riding by his father (governor of the Tōkaidō provinces Tōtōmi and Suruga), along with poetry, which was to become one of his greatest passions. In his twenties he studied under Tamemoto of the Kyogoku school of poetry, and Reizei Tamehide of the Reizei school. At some point, he was appointed to head the boards of retainers and coadjudicators. He had taken religious vows when the Ashikaga bakufu called upon him to travel to Kyūshū and assume the post of constable of the region in 1370 after the failure of the previous constable to quell the rebel uprisings in the region, largely consisting of partisans of the Souther Court supporting one of the rebellious Emperor Go-Daigo's sons, Prince Kanenaga. By 1374–1375, Sadayo had crushed the rebellion, securing for the Bakufu northern Kyūshū, and ensuring the eventual failure of the rebellion and the consequent success of the Bakufu Shogunate.

paragraph: Section::::Sadayo's early life.:Kyūshū Tandai (1371–1395).

paragraph: Sadayo's skill as a strategist was obvious, and he moved rapidly through northern Kyūshū with a great deal of success, bringing the region under his control by October 1372. This was an impressive achievement considering Prince Kanenaga had been fortifying his position in this region for more than a decade. Kanenaga was not defeated outright however, and went on the defensive, leading to a stalemate that lasted through to 1373, when Kanenaga's general, Kikuchi Takemitsu, died, leaving his military with no strong leader. Sadayo seized the opportunity and planned a final attack.

paragraph: Sadayo met with three of the most powerful families on Kyūshū to gain their support in the attack, those families being the Shimazu, the Ōtomo and the Shōni. Things seemed to be going well until Sadayo suspected the head of the Shoni family of treachery and had him killed at a drinking party. This outraged the Shimazu clan, who had originally been the ones to convince the Shōni to throw their lot in with Sadayo, and they returned to their province of Satsuma to raise a force against Sadayo. This gave Prince Kanenaga time to regroup, and he forced Sadayo back North, prompting Sadayo to request assistance from the Bakufu.

paragraph: Sadayo to take matters into his own hands, but was aided by his son Yoshinori and his younger brother Tadaaki. Sadayo continued to push the loyalists forces until their resistance ended with Prince Kanenaga's death in 1383. The death of Shimazu clan chieftain Ujihasa in 1385 also helped ease tensions between Sadayo and the Shimazu for a time.

paragraph: In 1395 both the Ōuchi and Ōtomo families conspired against Sadayo, informing the Bakufu that he was plotting against the "shōgun", in a move that was likely an attempt to restore the post of constable to the family that had held it prior to Sadayo, the Shibukawa family. Sadayo was relieved of his post and returned to the capital. Sadayo had, in addition, acted fairly independently in his negotiations with the Shimazu, the Ōtomo and the Shōni, and also in negotiations with Korea; this recall was prompted by all three causes being used against him by his enemies in the Shogun's court.

paragraph: Section::::Later years (1395–1420).

paragraph: In 1400 Sadayo was once again questioned by the Bakufu, this time in relation to the Imagawa's province of Tōtōmi's failure to respond to a levy issued by the Bakufu—a negligence interpretable as treason and rebellion. This charge saw Sadayo stripped of his post as constable of Suruga and Tōtōmi provinces, and gave him reason to believe he might be assassinated. With this in mind he fled the capital for a time, though was later pardoned and returned to the capital, spending the rest of his days pursuing religious devotions and poetry until his death in 1420.

paragraph: Section::::Sadayo's poetry.

paragraph: Sadayo began composing poetry from an early age: by the age 20, he had a poem included in an imperial anthology (the "Fūga Wakashū" or "Collection of Elegance"; Earl Miner gives the specific entry as XV: 1473). His teacher was Reizei no Tamehide (d. 1372). His poems were displayed to more effect in his fairly popular and influential travel diary, "Michiyukiburi" ("Travellings"). It was this travel diary that in large part won Sadayo a place as a respected critic of poetry: he felt that poetry should be a direct expression of personal experience, a fact that can be seen from his own poems.

paragraph: Even though Sadayo is better known for his criticism of the more conservative poetry styles, the Nijo school in particular, and his tutoring of Shōtetsu (1381–1459), who would become one of the finest waka poets of the fifteenth century, than he is for his own output, it nonetheless provides a glimpse into the mind of this medieval scholar and his travels.

paragraph: Sadayo was active in the poetic disputes of that day, scoring a signal victory over the Nijō adherents close to the Ashikaga Shogunate at the time with 6 polemical treatises on poetry he wrote between 1403 and 1412, defending the Reizei's poetic doctrine and their cause (despite Ryōshun's renga poetry's debt to Nijō Yoshimoto's (1320–1388) examples and rules of composition). Ryōshun used a number of quotations to bolster his case, including notably a quote of Fujiwara no Teika's, which was that all of the "ten styles" (Teika had defined ten orthodox poetic styles, such as "yoen", a style concerned with "ethereal beauty", "yūgen", the demon-quelling style, or the one the Nijo championed to the exclusion of the other 9, "ushin") were licit for poetic use and experimentation, and not merely the Nijō's "ushin". With the aid Ryōshun afforded him, Fujiwara no Tanemasa's politicking eventually succeeded in converting the Shogun, ending the matter- until the rival Asukai poetic clan revived the dispute, that is.

paragraph: Section::::Sadayo's poetry.:Select poems.

paragraph: br

paragraph: br

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Waiting for the Wind: Thirty-Six Poets of Japan's Late Medieval Age", translated by Steven D. Carter, Columbia University Press, 1989.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Imagawa Letter: A Muromachi Warrior's Code of Conduct Which Became a Tokugawa Schoolbook", translated by Carl Steenstrup in Monumenta Nipponica 28:3, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Unforgotten dreams: poems by the Zen monk Shōtetsu", 1997. Steven D. Carter, Columbia University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Introduction to Japanese Court Poetry", by Earl Miner. 1968, Stanford University Press, LC 68-17138

paragraph: BULLET::::- pg. 138; Miner references his translation's source as ""Michiyukiburi", GSRJ, XVIII, 560", where "Michiyukiburi" is Sadayo's travel diary, and GSRJ refers to the 30 volumes of the "Gunsho Ruijū" published in Tokyo between 1928 and 1934.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "From Feudal Chieftain to Secular Monarch. The Development of Shogunal Power in Early Muromachi Japan", by Kenneth A. Grossberg. "Monumenta Nipponica", Vol. 31, No. 1. (Spring, 1976), pp. 29–49

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Imagawa Letter: A Muromachi Warrior's Code of Conduct Which Became a Tokugawa Schoolbook", by Carl Steenstrup. "Monumenta Nipponica", Vol. 28, No. 3. (Autumn, 1973), pp. 295–316.

alias:
Imagawa Ryōshun
Imagawa Ryoshun

description: Japanese poet and military commander of the early Muromachi period

wikidata_label: Imagawa Sadayo

wikipedia_title: Imagawa Sadayo


text: Italian

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: Cassine

text: province of Alessandria

text: Ricaldone

text: Liguria

text: Nervi

text: Genoa

text: clarinet

text: Bruno Lauzi

text: banjo

text: Gino Paoli

text: Giampiero Reverberi

text: Enzo Jannacci

text: pseudonym

text: electronic engineering

text: Eugenio Giuseppe Togliatti

text: Palmiro Togliatti

text: political science

text: Luciano Salce

text: Fabrizio De André

text: Luigi Comencini

text: La ragazza di Bube

text: Carlo Cassola

text: George Chakiris

text: West Side Story

text: anarchist

text: Stefania Sandrelli

text: LP

text: Ho capito che ti amo

text: Ezio Leoni

text: Jolly

text: El amor tiene cara de mujer

text: RCA

text: Gianfranco Reverberi

text: Dalida

text: Italian Song Festival

text: Sanremo

text: suicide

text: Dalida

text: Paolo Dossena

text: singer-songwriter

text: Francesco De Gregori

text: Bufalo Bill

text: Domenica In

text: Paolo Bonolis

text: Alessandro Gassman

text: Sabrina Ferilli

text: autopsy

text: suicide note

text: autopsy

text: ballistics

text: trajectory

text: Walter PPK

text: Beretta 70

text: Lucio Dalla

text: Santa Margherita ligure

text: Dalida

text: Maurizio Valtieri

text: Rome

text: Ho capito che ti amo

text: Dalida

text: Christian de la Mazière

text: Luigi Tenco article on Cult Cargo

categories: Italian jazz musicians,20th-century Italian male actors,Singers who committed suicide,Italian jazz clarinetists,Italian male actors who committed suicide,20th-century Italian singers,Suicides by firearm in Italy,1938 births,People from the Province of Alessandria,Italian male actors,Italian singer-songwriters,Dalida,1967 deaths

paragraph: Luigi Tenco

paragraph: Luigi Tenco (21 March 1938 – 27 January 1967) was an Italian singer, songwriter. After his alleged suicide, he became an icon of love and despair. The true causes of his death have not yet been agreed upon.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Tenco was born in Cassine (province of Alessandria) in 1938, the son of Teresa Zoccola and Giuseppe Tenco. He never knew his father, who died in unclear circumstances. It has been rumored that Luigi Tenco was the fruit of an extramarital relationship of his mother.

paragraph: Tenco spent his childhood in Cassine and Ricaldone until 1948, when he moved to Liguria, first to Nervi and then to Genoa, where his mother had a wine shop called "Enos" in the quarter of La Foce. During high school, Tenco founded the Jelly Roll Morton Boys Jazz band, in which Tenco played the clarinet and another singer, later to become famous, Bruno Lauzi, the banjo. Gino Paoli, that soon will be one of Italy's most famous singer and songwriter as well, also played with Tenco in the band he was later involved in, "I Diavoli del Rock" (The Rock Devils).

paragraph: Tenco made his debut in the world of Italian professional music with the band I Cavalieri (The Knights), which included Giampiero Reverberi and Enzo Jannacci amongst others. During this period he used the pseudonym Gigi Mai. In 1961 Tenco released his first single under his real name, entitled "Quando" ("When").

paragraph: He started university studying electronic engineering, trying to comply with the wish of his mother and brother. He failed twice the Analytic and Projective Geometry exam (a course he took with professor Eugenio Giuseppe Togliatti, the elder brother of the leader of the communist party Palmiro Togliatti). Later he was enrolled in political science, where he only gave two exams.

paragraph: Tenco was interested in cinema and videomaking. In 1962 he began a short-lived cinematic experience, with Luciano Salce's movie "La Cuccagna". He also collaborated to the soundtrack of the film, also introducing his friend Fabrizio De André (unknown at the time) through the song "La ballata dell'eroe" ("Ballad for a hero"). In first instance, director Luigi Comencini considered the possibility of Tenco playing the role of Bube in his film La ragazza di Bube based on Carlo Cassola's novel. At last, he chose George Chakiris, the West Side Story star, instead. During this period he also formed a strong friendship with the Genoese anarchist poet Riccardo Mannerini. In 1963, however, his friendship with Gino Paoli broke up, due to a troubled relationship with the actress Stefania Sandrelli.

paragraph: Tenco's first LP was released in 1962, "Ballate E Canzoni". One of the songs, "Cara Maestra" ("Dear Teacher"), was censored by the then thriving Italian media censorship. The censors struck again in the following year, against his songs "Io Sì" ("I Would") considered too sexually explicit and "Una Brava Ragazza" ("A Good Girl") where Tenco express his admiration for a '60s "bad girl". In September 1964, he released "Ho capito che ti amo" a song written by him with musical arrangement Ezio Leoni. It was released on the Italian record label Jolly as Side A of a 45 rpm side B being "Io lo so già". In Argentina, "Ho capito che ti amo" was the soundtrack of popular soap opera El amor tiene cara de mujer.

paragraph: In 1966, suffering through a period of compulsory military service, he released "Un Giorno Dopo L'Altro" ("One Day after Another") for RCA. The military service didn't stop him from traveling to Argentina together with Gianfranco Reverberi to meet the fans of "El amor tiene cara de mujer". How he actually managed to arrive to Argentina while his passport was still in possession of the Italian Army is still unclear. Moreover under the military service one wasn't allowed to leave Italy and the punishment was detention, which he didn't experiment according to what's written on his service record book.

paragraph: In Rome during the same year, he met and befriended the Egypt-Italo-French singer Dalida. The two were eventually to become lovers.

paragraph: In 1967 he took part in the Italian Song Festival in Sanremo. It was rumored, that he participated against his will. The song he presented was "Ciao Amore Ciao" ("Bye, Bye my Love"), which he sang together with Dalida. The video of the performance is lost, however it's possible to listen to the audio track, taken from the radio. Tenco allegedly committed suicide on 27 January 1967, he was only 28 years old, after learning that his song had been eliminated from the final competition. Tenco was officially found by Dalida in his hotel room with a bullet wound in his left temple and a note: "I cared for the Italian public and I dedicated in vain five years of my life to them. I'm doing this not because I'm tired of life (I'm not) but as a gesture of dissent against the public who chose "Io tu e le rose" for the final night and against the commission that selected "La rivoluzione". I hope this will clear somebody's head". On that morning Tenco and Dalida had privately announced their wedding to music producer Paolo Dossena.

paragraph: Tenco was buried in Ricaldone. In 1974 the Tenco Award was instituted, and has been held every year since in Sanremo. Many of the most renowned Italian singer-songwriters from the 1970s declared explicitly the influence of Tenco on their work. Francesco De Gregori's album "Bufalo Bill" of 1976 contained a song, "Festival", about Tenco's suicide; it points out the hypocrisy with which the music establishment tried to minimize the dramatic event, in order to let the show go on.

paragraph: Section::::The inquiry.

paragraph: In 2004 on TV program "Domenica In", the detective who followed the inquiry, commissario Arrigo Molinari, when asked by host Paolo Bonolis, stated that he was sure that Tenco didn't commit suicide and he defined his death: "a collective murder". He also justified his own faults concerning the Tenco inquiry by declaring that he has been prevented to investigate properly. Shortly after the quoted interview, Molinari died, killed by a thief.

paragraph: In 2005 The French television channel TV5 carried a full-length dramatization of the love affair of Tenco and Dalida. Tenco was played by Alessandro Gassman, while Dalida was played by Sabrina Ferilli. Notwithstanding the account of Tenco and Dalida love story on which the dramatization is based, at the beginning of the '90s Tenco's older brother Valentino met a woman, Valeria, who had in her possession several letters written by Tenco himself that would testify their love relationship started in 1964 and lasted until his death. In one of this letter, Tenco writes that his relationship with Dalida was nothing but a clumsy attempt to forget Valeria that, months before, had left him. He describes Dalida as a woman :"spoiled, neurotic, ignorant, who rejects the idea of being defeated in her profession as in private life". Valentino Tenco identified those letters as written by his brother.

paragraph: The Italian judicial system later began re-examining Luigi Tenco's suicide. It was pointed out, that the bullet hole was on the left temple, while the singer was right-handed. It had also been revealed that no autopsy had been done on the singer's corpse, no paraffine test, and no calligraphic analysis on the suicide note with which he explained his final gesture.

paragraph: On 15 February 2006, Italian police exhumed Tenco's body for further investigation. The next day, results from the new autopsy and ballistics analysis were reported. According to Italian experts, what had been thought to be the entry hole on the left temple was actually the exit site. The bullet trajectory

paragraph: was said to be compatible with suicide.

paragraph: Nevertheless, criminologists Pasquale Ragone and Nicola Guarneri, in their book "Le ombre del silenzio" ("The shadows of silence", 2013) pointed out the several incongruences between the shell case of the bullet found in Tenco's room and the bullet Tenco's Walter PPK gun would eject. Professor of ballistic forensics Martino Farneti proved that they don't match. As there's no proof nor official statement that declares that Tenco's Walter PPK was actually present in his room the night he died (from the police registers it results that the gun was actually found in his car) Guarneri and Ragone assume that Tenco might have been killed. The actual weapon might have been a Beretta 70, as on this type of gun (similar to Walter PPK) it's possible to put a silencer. In fact, the night Tenco died (allegedly in his hotel room) no one heard the sound of the gun shooting, not even singer Lucio Dalla, whose room was next to Tenco's, nor did journalist Sandro Ciotti, whose room was in front of Tenco's.

paragraph: Music producer and friend Paolo Dossena stated that he drove Tenco's car from Rome (where the songwriter lived) to Sanremo and on the way, passing through a roadblock on the Aurelia, he discovered that Tenco had his Walter PPK in the dashboard of his car. He later confronted the songwriter who confessed that he took a gun because someone in the past few weeks had tried to drop him down a steep road near Santa Margherita ligure while he was driving.

paragraph: The first witnesses who entered the room didn't even see the suicide note. It was journalist Piero Vivarelli that delivered the note to the police after having spent a few minutes in Dalida's room. Guarneri and Ragone assume that the alleged suicide note might have been in fact the last page of a document written by Tenco for a different aim.

paragraph: French journalist and novelist Philippe Brunel wrote a fiction book, La nuit de San Remo, in which he dramatizes the arduous search for truth about Tenco's death.

paragraph: Section::::Tributes.

paragraph: Shortly after his death, his friend and songwriter Fabrizio De André wrote for him the song "Preghiera in gennaio" (A prayer in January) where he describes a benevolent God welcoming those who committed suicide in Heaven, in spite of the moral condemnation of the bigots.

paragraph: In 1999, the play "Solitudini – Luigi Tenco e Dalida", written and directed by Maurizio Valtieri, was performed in Rome.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962: "Luigi Tenco"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965: "Luigi Tenco"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966: "Tenco"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Compilations / Unreleased materials

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972: "Luigi Tenco"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972: "Luigi Tenco canta Tenco, De André, Jannacci, Bob Dylan"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977: "Agli amici cantautori"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984: "Luigi Tenco"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Extended plays.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967: "Ti ricorderai di me..."

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967: "Se stasera sono qui"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969: "Pensaci un po"'

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959: "Mai"/"Giurami tu"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959: "Mi chiedi solo amore"/"Senza parole"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959: "Amore"/"Non so ancora" (as Gigi Mai)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959: "Vorrei sapere perché"/"Ieri" (as Gigi Mai)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960: "Tell Me That You Love Me"/"Love Is Here to Stay" (as Gordon Cliff)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960: "Quando"/"Sempre la stessa storia" (as Dick Ventuno)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: "Il mio regno"/"I miei giorni perduti"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: "Quando"/"Triste sera"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: "Una vita inutile"/"Ti ricorderai"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: "Ti ricorderai"/"Quando"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: "Ti ricorderai"/"Se qualcuno ti dirà"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: "Quando"/"Se qualcuno ti dirà"/"Ti ricorderai"/"I miei giorni perduti"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: "Senza parole"/"In qualche parte del mondo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962: "Come le altre"/"La mia geisha"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962: "In qualche parte del mondo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962: "Quello che conta"/"Tra tanta gente"/"La ballata dell'eroe"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962: "Angela"/"Mi sono innamorato di te"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962: "Quando"/"Il mio regno"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963: "Io sì"/"Una brava ragazza"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964: "Ragazzo mio"/"No, non è vero"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964: "Ho capito che ti amo"/"Io lo so già"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965: "Tu non hai capito niente"/"Non sono io"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966: "Se sapessi come fai"/"Un giorno dopo l'altro"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966: "Lontano lontano"/"Ognuno è libero"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967: "Ciao amore, ciao"/"E se ci diranno"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967: "Quando"/"Mi sono innamorato di te"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967: "Ti ricorderai"/"Angela"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967: "Guarda se io"/"Vedrai vedrai"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967: "Io vorrei essere là"/"Io sono uno"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967: "Se stasera sono qui"/"Cara maestra"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968: "Pensaci un po'"/"Il tempo dei limoni"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970: "Vedrai vedrai"/"Ah... l'amore l'amore"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984: "Serenella"

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dalida

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christian de la Mazière

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luigi Tenco 60's – La verde isola fatta di soli amici

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luigi Tenco article on Cult Cargo

description: Italian singer

wikidata_label: Luigi Tenco

wikipedia_title: Luigi Tenco


text: Hungarian

text: Ferencvárosi TC

text: FC Sète

text: Hungary

text: Građanski Zagreb

text: MTK Hungária FC

text: Olympiacos F.C.

text: Hungary

text: Béla Guttmann

text: Gusztáv Sebes

text: 4–2–4 formation

text: Građanski Zagreb

text: Yugoslav

text: Croatian league

text: Second World War

text: Dinamo Zagreb

text: MTK Hungária FC

text: communist state

text: ÁVH

text: Péter Palotás

text: Nándor Hidegkuti

text: Mihály Lantos

text: József Zakariás

text: Hungarian League

text: Hungarian Cup

text: Olympiacos F.C.

text: Greek

text: 1967-68 season

text: military regime

text: Mihály Lantos

text: Hungary

text: "Mighty Magyars"

text: Péter Palotás

text: Nándor Hidegkuti

text: Gusztáv Sebes

text: Brazil

text: Béla Guttmann

text: hat-trick

text: England

text: Wembley Stadium

text: Hungary

text: Gyula Grosics

text: József Bozsik

text: Sándor Kocsis

text: Nándor Hidegkuti

text: Ferenc Puskás

text: Zoltán Czibor

text: USSR

text: "Lenin Stadium"

text: Ligue 1

text: French Cup

text: Hungarian Champions

text: Hungarian Cup

text: Mitropa Cup

text: Yugoslav Champions

text: Croatian Champions

text: Hungarian Champions

text: Hungarian Cup

text: Greek Champions

text: List of Hungarian Internationals

text: Hungary national football team managers

text: Hungary V USSR, 1956

categories: Hungarian expatriate footballers,Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in France,Újpest FC managers,Ligue 1 players,Sportspeople from Budapest,Olympiacos F.C. managers,Hungary national football team managers,1985 deaths,A.S. Roma players,Expatriate football managers in Croatia,MTK Budapest FC managers,Hungarian football managers,Hungarian footballers,Diósgyőri VTK managers,Ferencvárosi TC footballers,Expatriate football managers in Yugoslavia,GNK Dinamo Zagreb managers,Hungarian expatriate football managers,Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Greece,Expatriate footballers in France,S.S. Alba-Audace Roma players,Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Italy,Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Croatia,Hungary international footballers,FC Sète 34 players,1903 births,HŠK Građanski Zagreb managers,Expatriate footballers in Italy,Expatriate football managers in Greece

paragraph: Márton Bukovi

paragraph: Márton Bukovi (10 December 1903 – 2 February 1985) was a Hungarian association football player and manager. After playing for Ferencvárosi TC, FC Sète and Hungary he became a coach, most notably with Građanski Zagreb, MTK Hungária FC, Olympiacos F.C. and Hungary. Together with Béla Guttmann and Gusztáv Sebes, he formed a trio of innovative Hungarian coaches who pioneered the 4–2–4 formation.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Bukovi began his coaching career with Građanski Zagreb in 1935 and subsequently guided the club to two Yugoslav and two Croatian league titles. After the Second World War, Građanski merged with two other clubs to become Dinamo Zagreb and Bukovi remained on as manager of the new club. In 1947 Bukovi was appointed manager of MTK Hungária FC. In 1949 when Hungary became a communist state, MTK were taken over by the secret police, the ÁVH, and subsequently the club became known as "Textiles SE". They then became "Bástya SE", then "Vörös Lobogó SE" and then finally back to MTK. Despite this turmoil, the 1950s proved a successful era for the club and with a team that included Péter Palotás, Nándor Hidegkuti, Mihály Lantos and József Zakariás, Bukovi guided them to three Hungarian League titles and a Hungarian Cup.

paragraph: In Olympiacos F.C. Bukovi became a legend for the fans, and wrote history in Greek football by gaining 12 consecutive victories. He transformed Olympiacos and produced many young Greek players. Eventually he was forced to leave the club after a string of poor results in the 1967-68 season but mainly because of the military regime, labeled as a communist. He was forced to resign on 12 December 1967 and left Greece along with his assistant coach Mihály Lantos on 21 December 1967.

paragraph: Bukovi also played a major role in the success of the legendary Hungary team known as the "Mighty Magyars". It was Bukovi, working at MTK with Péter Palotás and Nándor Hidegkuti, who developed the vital 4-2-4 formation, later adopted by national coach Gusztáv Sebes and exported to Brazil by Béla Guttmann. This formation involved the use of either Palotás or Hidegkuti as a "deep lying centre-forward". In 1953 Hidegkuti would exploit this position to great effect as he scored a hat-trick for Hungary when they beat England 6-3 at Wembley Stadium. During the "Mighty Magyar" era, Bukovi also worked as an assistant to Sebes and in March 1956, when the latter was sacked as national coach, he succeeded him. On 23 September 1956 he coached a Hungary team that included Gyula Grosics, József Bozsik, Sándor Kocsis, Nándor Hidegkuti, Ferenc Puskás and Zoltán Czibor to a 1-0 victory over the USSR at the "Lenin Stadium". This was the first time the USSR had lost at home.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Player.

paragraph: FC Sète 34

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ligue 1: 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934

paragraph: BULLET::::- French Cup: 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934

paragraph: Ferencvárosi TC

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hungarian Champions: 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926, 1927, 1928, 1932

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hungarian Cup: 3

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927, 1928, 1933

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mitropa Cup: 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1928

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Manager.

paragraph: Građanski Zagreb

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yugoslav Champions: 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937, 1940

paragraph: BULLET::::- Croatian Champions: 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1943

paragraph: MTK/Textiles/Bástya/Vörös Lobogó

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hungarian Champions: 3

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951, 1953, 1958

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hungarian Cup: 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952

paragraph: Olympiacos F.C.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Greek Champions: 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966, 1967

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Behind The Curtain - Travels in Eastern European Football": Jonathan Wilson (2006)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Hungarian Internationals

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Puskás on Puskás" Rogan Taylor and Klara Jamrich (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hungary national football team managers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hungary V USSR, 1956

description: Hungarian association football player and coach

wikidata_label: Márton Bukovi

wikipedia_title: Márton Bukovi


text:
several other names
Chinese
noble
kings
Wen
Wu
Zhou
overthrow
Shang
ancient China
their victory
Muye
Duke of Zhou
Rebellion of the Three Guards
Eastern Barbarians
enfeoffed
marchland
Qi
Yingqiu
Linzi
given name
surname
ancestral name
clan name
Jiang
Lü
courtesy name
Ming-era
novel
Fengshen Bang
duchy
posthumous name
Sima Qian
Records of the Grand Historian
King Zhou of Shang
Daji
King Zhou of Shang
Wei River
Xi'an
Six Secret Teachings
Six Secret Teachings
King Wu
Battle of Muye
Yin
King Zhou
treatise
Six Secret Strategic Teachings
Seven Military Classics
Tang Dynasty
Confucius
Shen
Duke Ding of Qi
King Wu of Zhou
King Cheng of Zhou
Shu Yu of Tang
Chinese
Taoist
legend
Kunlun
Qianliyan
Shunfeng'er
Romance of the Investiture of the Gods
xiehouyu
State of Qi
Hoshin Engi
Mystic Heroes
Koei
Warriors Orochi 2
Fu Xi
Nüwa
Daji
Final Fantasy XI
War of Legends
Boyi and Shuqi
Zhou Wang
Shang Dynasty
King Wu of Zhou
Zhou Dynasty
Chinese mythology
Six Secret Teachings
Jiang Taigong: The Supreme Strategist
Welcome to Taoistsecret.com

categories: Deified Chinese people,11th-century BC Chinese monarchs,Zhou dynasty generals,Monarchs of Qi (state),Investiture of the Gods characters,Military strategists

paragraph: Jiang Ziya

paragraph: Jiang Ziya ( century ), also known by several other names, was a Chinese noble who helped kings Wen and Wu of Zhou overthrow the Shang in ancient China. Following their victory at Muye, he continued to serve as a Zhou minister. He remained loyal to the regent Duke of Zhou during the Rebellion of the Three Guards; following the Duke's punitive raids against the restive Eastern Barbarians or "Dongyi", Jiang was enfeoffed with their territory as the marchland of Qi. He established his seat at Yingqiu (in modern Linzi).

paragraph: Section::::Names.

paragraph: The first marquis of Qi bore the given name Shang. The nobility of ancient China bore two surnames, an ancestral name and a clan name. His were Jiang and Lü, respectively. He had two courtesy names, Shangfu and Ziya, which were used for respectful address by his peers. The names Jiang Shang and Jiang Ziya became the most common after their use in the popular Ming-era novel "Fengshen Bang", written over 2,500 years after his death.

paragraph: Following the elevation of Qi to a duchy, his posthumous name became the , often mistakenly translated as if it were a name ("Duke Tai"). It is under this name that he appears in Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian". He is also less often known as "Grand Duke Jiang", the "Hopeful Great Duke", and the "Hopeful Lü".

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: The last ruler of the Shang dynasty, King Zhou of Shang, was a tyrannical and debauched slave owner who spent his days carousing with his favourite concubine Daji and mercilessly executing or punishing upright officials and all others who objected to his ways. After faithfully serving the Shang court for approximately twenty years, Jiang came to find King Zhou of Shang insufferable, and feigned madness in order to escape court life and the ruler's power. Jiang was an expert in military affairs and hoped that someday someone would call on him to help overthrow the king. Jiang disappeared, only to resurface in the Zhou countryside at the apocryphal age of seventy-two, when he was recruited by King Wen of Zhou and became instrumental in Zhou affairs. It is said that, while in exile, he continued to wait placidly, fishing in a tributary of the Wei River (near today’s Xi'an) using a barbless hook or even no hook at all, on the theory that the fish would come to him of their own volition when they were ready.

paragraph: Section::::Hired by King Wen of the Zhou.

paragraph: King Wen of Zhou, (central Shaanxi), found Jiang Ziya fishing. King Wen, following the advice of his father and grandfather before him, was in search of talented people. In fact, he had been told by his grandfather, the Grand Duke of Zhou, that one day a sage would appear to help rule the Zhou state.

paragraph: The first meeting between King Wen and Jiang Ziya is recorded in the book that records Jiang's teachings to King Wen and King Wu, the "Six Secret Teachings" (太公六韜 / 太公六韬). The meeting was recorded as being characterized by a mythic aura common to meetings between great historical figures in ancient China. Before going hunting, King Wen consulted his chief scribe to perform divination in order to discover if the king would be successful. The divinations revealed that, "'While hunting on the north bank of the Wei river you will get a great catch. It will not be any form of dragon, nor a tiger or great bear. According to the signs, you will find a duke or marquis there whom Heaven has sent to be your teacher. If employed as your assistant, you will flourish and the benefits will extend to three generations of Zhou Kings.'" Recognizing that the result of this divination was similar to the result of divinations given to his eldest ancestor, King Wen observed a vegetarian diet for three days in order to spiritually purify himself for the meeting. While on the hunt, King Wen encountered Jiang fishing on a grass mat, and courteously began a conversation with him concerning military tactics and statecraft. The subsequent conversation between Jiang Ziya and King Wen forms the basis of the text in the "Six Secret Teachings".

paragraph: When King Wen met Jiang Ziya, at first sight he felt that this was an unusual old man, and began to converse with him. He discovered that this white-haired fisherman was actually an astute political thinker and military strategist. This, he felt, must be the man his grandfather was waiting for. He took Jiang Ziya in his coach to the court and appointed him prime minister and gave him the title Jiang Taigong Wang ("The Great Duke's Hope", or "The expected of the Great Duke") in reference to a prophetic dream Danfu, grandfather of Wenwang, had had many years before. This was later shortened to Jiang Taigong. King Wu married Jiang Ziya's daughter Yi Jiang, who bore him several sons.

paragraph: Section::::Attack of the Shang.

paragraph: After King Wen died, his son King Wu, who inherited the throne, decided to send troops to overthrow the King of Shang. But Jiang Taigong stopped him, saying: "While I was fishing at Panxi, I realised one truth – if you want to succeed you need to be patient. We must wait for the appropriate opportunity to eliminate the King of Shang". Soon it was reported that the people of Shang were so oppressed that no one dared speak. King Wu and Jiang Taigong decided this was the time to attack, for the people had lost faith in the ruler. The bloody Battle of Muye then ensued some 35 kilometres from the Shang capital Yin (modern day Anyang, Henan Province).

paragraph: Jiang Taigong charged at the head of the troops, beat the battle drums and then with 100 of his men drew the Shang troops to the southwest. King Wu's troops moved quickly and surrounded the capital. The Shang King had sent relatively untrained slaves to fight. This, plus the fact that many surrendered or revolted, enabled Zhou to take the capital.

paragraph: King Zhou set fire to his palace and perished in it, and King Wu and his successors as the Zhou dynasty established rule over all of China. As for Daji, one version has it that she was captured and executed by the order of Jiang Taigong himself, another that she took her own life, another that she was killed by King Zhou. Jiang Taigong was made duke of the State of Qi (today’s Shandong province), which thrived with better communications and exploitation of its fish and salt resources under him.

paragraph: As the most notable Prime Minister employed by King Wen and King Wu, he was declared "the master of strategy"—resulting in the Zhou government growing far stronger than that of the Shang Dynasty as the years elapsed.

paragraph: Section::::Personal views and historical influence.

paragraph: An account of Jiang Ziya's life written long after his time says he held that a country could become powerful only when the people prospered. If the officials enriched themselves while the people remained poor, the ruler would not last long. The major principle in ruling a country should be to love the people; and to love the people meant to reduce taxes and corvée labour. By following these ideas, King Wen is said to have made the Zhou state prosper very rapidly.

paragraph: His treatise on military strategy, Six Secret Strategic Teachings, is considered one of the Seven Military Classics of Ancient China.

paragraph: In the Tang Dynasty he was accorded his own state temple as the martial patron and thereby attained officially sanctioned status approaching that of Confucius.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wives:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady, of the Ma lineage ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shen Jiang, of the Jiang clan of Shen ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- First son, Prince Ji (; 1050–975 BC), ruled as Duke Ding of Qi from 1025–975 BC

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Ding ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Ren ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Nian ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Qi ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Fang ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Shao ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Luo ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Ming ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Qing ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Yi ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Shang ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Qi ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Zuo ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- First daughter, Yi Jiang ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Married King Wu of Zhou (d. 1043 BC), and had issue (King Cheng of Zhou, Shu Yu of Tang)

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: In Chinese and Taoist belief, Jiang Ziya is sometimes considered to have been a Taoist adept. In one legend, he used the knowledge he gained at Kunlun to defeat the Shang's supernatural protectors Qianliyan and Shunfeng'er using the blood of a black dog. He is also a prominent character in Ming-era "Romance of the Investiture of the Gods", in which he is Daji's archrival and is personally responsible for her execution.

paragraph: There are two "xiehouyu" about him:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Duke Jiang fishes – those who are willing jump at the bait (), which means "put one's own head in the noose".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Duke Jiang investiture of the gods – omitting himself (姜太公封神──漏咗自己), which means "leave out oneself".

paragraph: In the scenario "Chinese Unification" of the "" expansion pack, Jiang Ziya is the leader of the State of Qi.

paragraph: The protagonist of "Hoshin Engi", Taikoubou (Tai Gong Wang), is based on Jiang Ziya. However, his personality is quite comical.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He is also playable in video games "Aizouban Houshin Engi", "Hoshin Engi 2" and "Mystic Heroes". He is kind, humble and just.

paragraph: Jiang Ziya is Daji's arch-rival (Jiang Ziya never thought of Daji as his rival while Daji herself actually thought that Jiang Ziya was her rival) as Jiang Ziya can easily see through Daji's plans.

paragraph: Jiang Ziya is a playable character in Koei's "Warriors Orochi 2". In the game, he is alternatively referred to as Taigong Wang. A stark contrast to the historical accounts however, would be that he is portrayed as a handsome young man, who is quite arrogant, although he is still a divinely gifted strategist and a good man at heart. He is often referred to by others, namely Fu Xi, Nüwa and Daji as "boy". The reason for his radically improvised design may be to emphasize his rivalry with Daji, whose character design depicts her as being young and beautiful as well. Their clashes are loosely inspired by the "Fengshen Yanyi".

paragraph: In "Final Fantasy XI", the item "Lu Shang's Fishing Rod" is awarded to players for catching 10,000 carp. It is noteworthy for its ability to catch both small and large fish, and is notoriously hard to break.

paragraph: In the online game "War of Legends", Jiang Ziya is a playable monk, with 45 "ability."

paragraph: In the popular game Eiyuu Senki, Tai Gong Wan is one of the ancient heroes player will encounter in the game.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boyi and Shuqi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zhou Wang (Shang Dynasty)

paragraph: BULLET::::- King Wu of Zhou (Zhou Dynasty)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chinese mythology

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Six Secret Teachings"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jiang Taigong: The Supreme Strategist

paragraph: BULLET::::- Welcome to Taoistsecret.com

description: ancient Chinese military strategist

wikidata_label: Jiang Ziya

wikipedia_title: Jiang Ziya


text:
Alpine skiing
kayak
cross-country skiing
biathlon
Gold Medals
Lillehammer
Kinesiologist

categories: 1960 births,Sportspeople from Ottawa,French Quebecers,Canadian female biathletes,Biathletes at the 1994 Winter Olympics,Canadian female sport shooters,Biathletes at the 1992 Winter Olympics,Olympic biathletes of Canada,Living people,Sportspeople from Quebec

paragraph: Lise Meloche

paragraph: Lise Meloche was born in Ottawa in 1960 and began her athletic career in Alpine skiing and Sprint kayaking. She won the junior national championships K2 in 1979. Soon after she became more active in cross-country skiing and competed for Canada in 1983.

paragraph: In 1984 Lise transferred to biathlon and rapidly dominated women's biathlon, not only in North America but on the world scene for nearly 8 years. Meloche was the first Canadian to win a world cup gold medal in biathlon.

paragraph: Meloche was one of the pioneers of women's biathlon. In a career on the national team that spanned from 1983 to 1995, Lise competed in over 200 World Cups and two Olympics (1992 and 1994). She won four World Cup Gold Medals, and medaled in seven. She was overall third in the world in 1986. Her best placing at an Olympics was 17th in Lillehammer.

paragraph: Lise Meloche is a Kinesiologist and educator, and co-wrote the national xc ski manual and coaching certification, she has published multiple books and videos on physical, mental conditioning and skills training. Meloche continues to complete in skiing, trail running, snowshoeing and coaches the largest multi-sport program in Canada (Natural Fitness Lab) with her husband, himself a National Champion.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Who's Who in Canadian Sport, Volume 3 1999 by Bob Ferguson .

description: Canadian biathlete

wikidata_label: Lise Meloche

wikipedia_title: Lise Meloche


text: Royal Danish Academy of Music

text: Giancarlo Andretta

text: Frans Rasmussen

text: Tamás Vetö

text: Dan-Oluf Stenlund

text: Janos Fürst

text: Royal Danish Opera

text: Der Ring des Nibelungen

text: Richard Wagner

text: The Copenhagen Ring

text: Die Frau Ohne Schatten

text: Strauss

text: Wozzeck

text: Berg

text: Eugen Onegin

text: Tschaikovky

text: Don Carlo

text: Verdi

text: Tosca

text: Puccini

text: The Rake's Progress

text: Stravinsky

text: Tristan & Isolde

text: Parsifal

text: Poul Ruders

text: Don Giovanni

text: Die Zauberflöte

text: Le Nozze di Figaro

text: Studienleiter

text: Head of music

text: Royal Danish Opera

text: Edina Hadžiselimović

text: Royal Danish Ballet

text: Balanchine

text: Copenhagen Philharmonic Orchestra

text: Athelas

text: Professional website

text: List of Danish Conductors on Wikipedia

categories: Danish musicians,21st-century conductors (music),21st-century Danish musicians,Danish composers,1975 births,21st-century composers,Male composers,Male conductors (music),Danish conductors (music),Living people

paragraph: Jesper Nordin (Danish conductor)

paragraph: Jesper Nordin (full name Jesper Loeser Severinsen Nordin; born 1975) is a Danish conductor and composer.

paragraph: Section::::Education and work.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Debut from the Royal Danish Academy of Music in December 2006. Teachers were Giancarlo Andretta, Frans Rasmussen, Tamás Vetö, Dan-Oluf Stenlund. Private studies with Janos Fürst.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Since 2004 assistant conductor at the Royal Danish Opera on over 25 productions, including the complete "Der Ring des Nibelungen" (Richard Wagner) cycle 'The Copenhagen Ring', Die Frau Ohne Schatten, Elektra (Strauss), Wozzeck (Berg), Eugen Onegin (Tschaikovky), Don Carlo (Verdi), Tosca (Puccini), The Rake's Progress (Stravinsky), Tristan & Isolde, Parsifal (Wagner), Selma Jezkova (Poul Ruders), Don Giovanni, Die Zauberflöte, Le Nozze di Figaro (Mozart) a.o.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Studienleiter/Head of music at the Royal Danish Opera 2008-2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Conducted the world premiere of Edina Hadžiselimović's opera "Waiting in nowhere" at the Royal Danish Opera in 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- First appearance with the Royal Danish Ballet in March 2010 (in Balanchine's "Serenade")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Appears often with the Copenhagen Philharmonic Orchestra, the contemporary music ensemble Athelas and several other of Denmark's professional orchestras and ensembles.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Professional website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Writes a blog about life as a young conductor, entitled "Maestro In Spe"

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Danish Conductors on Wikipedia

description: Danish Conductor and Composer

wikidata_label: Jesper Nordin

wikipedia_title: Jesper Nordin (Danish conductor)


text:
Dillingen an der Donau
Vienna
Dillingen an der Donau
Augsburg
Heinrich Vogtherr the Younger
Hans Burgkmair
Erfurt
Leipzig
Martin Luther
Bad Wimpfen
Wendel Hipler
Götz von Berlichingen
German Peasants' War
Hegau
Radolfzell
Lake Constance
Strasbourg
Hans Baldung
Dürer
Basel
Speyer
Zurich
Christoph Froschauer
Johannes Stumpf
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V

categories: 1490 births,Austrian artists,16th-century Austrian poets,1556 deaths

paragraph: Heinrich Vogtherr

paragraph: Heinrich Vogtherr (the Elder) (1490 in Dillingen an der Donau – 1556 in Vienna) was an artist, printer, poet and medical author of the Reformation period.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Vogtherr was born in Dillingen an der Donau, his father Conrad was an eye doctor and surgeon. His brother Georg (1487-1539) preached as a priest and reformer, and his brother Bartholomew (149?-1536) was the Bishop of Augsburg and author of medical books. His son was the painter Heinrich Vogtherr the Younger (1513-1568). Vogtherr's art training seems to have taken place in Augsburg. It is believed that in 1506-1509 he studied under Hans Burgkmair. His years of travel led him to Erfurt and Leipzig. In 1518 he returned to Augsburg and assisted in painting and writing a large part of his work, the doctrine of Martin Luther ("The sale of indulgences in a church", the "dead eaters"). Between 1522 and 1525 he lived in Bad Wimpfen to paint frescoes for the parish church on behalf of the Reformation-minded Hans Dietrich von Gemmingen. He also published in the spirit of the Reformation numerous writings and pamphlets like "The deified man", or "The Bom (tree) of faith". His most beautiful spiritual song poem "Out of the depths I cry to you", he handed out there in 1524 as a broadsheet.

paragraph: Section::::War.

paragraph: In Wimpfen Vogtherr was with the peasant leader Wendel Hipler and also had contact with Götz von Berlichingen, which is how he got involved in the German Peasants' War. As colonel of Hegauer farmers, he was involved in mid 1524 until the end (in July 1525) where they failed siege of cell (Radolfzell) on Lake Constance there. He managed to escape and was several months later safely found in the reformation friendly Strasbourg, where he in 1526 settled with his family. Due to the local religious situation, however, the his booking orders for his works had greatly reduced.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: From the Strasbourg artists of that time actually only Hans Baldung, one of the most important painters of the time of Dürer, was considered for any painting jobs (mainly portraits), which is why Vogtherr now found his living mainly in the production of book illustrations. He has worked for almost all of the Strasbourg printers. In 1536 he founded his own printer business in which he printed only his own works, such as "Christian Losbuch", two "Anatomies", and the immensely popular, several times reprinted "Art Booklet", a type specimen book for artisans. Starting in 1538, he began lived for a while in Basel. His family in Strasbourg he would only sporadically see (as of 1542), as if he was forced, for financial reasons, to travel around all the time. So he went to Speyer, Basel, back to Strasbourg, several times to Augsburg and finally to Zurich, where he lived from 1544 to 1546 at Christoph Froschauer's premier printing workshop. For whose workshop he created in this relatively short period, a surprisingly comprehensive and quality- full work, including more than 400 woodcuts for the "Swiss chronicle" (1547/48) by Johannes Stumpf. Vogtherr's finally had to leave Strasbourg due to the lack of jobs for book illustrations. In 1550, he was summoned to Vienna by Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (Emperor at that time was still his brother Charles V who abdicated in 1556, the year of Vogtherr's death).

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Vogtherr was married three times and father of seven sons and three daughters. He also periodically used the pseudonym "Henricus (or Heinrich) Satrapitanus", signing works "H.P.".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karl Schorbach: Mr. Vogt, Heinrich. In: General German Biography (ADB). Volume 40, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1896, pp. 192–194.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friedrich Vogtherr: History of Vogtherr family in the light of cultural life ", Ansbach 1908.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frank Muller: Heinrich Vogtherr, aka Satrapitanus, also known as the Master with the Cross. In: Print Quarterly IV, 3 ", London, 1987, pp. 274–282.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frank Muller: Heinrich Vogtherr the Elder (1490-1556). Aspects of his life and work, Reprint from the Yearbook of the Historical Society Dillingen an der Donau, XCII. Born 1990, pp. 173–274.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frank Muller: Heinrich Vogtherr l'Ancien - Un artiste entre Renaissance et Réforme, Wiesbaden 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christoph Reske: The printer of the 16th and 17th Century in the German language area. Wiesbaden 2007, pp. 887 f

alias:
Heinrich Vocter
Heinrich, le vieux Vogtherr
Heinrich Satrapitanus
Monogrammist H. V. E. Vogtherr
Heinrich Voghter
Heinrich Vogth
Heinrich Vocktherr
Henricus Satrapitanus Dilinganus
Monogrammist H. V. E.
Heinrich, I Vogtherr
Satrapitanus
Heinrich, the elder Vogtherr
Heinrich Vocktheer
Heinrich Vocher
Heinrich Vogtherr the Elder
Heinrich I Vogtherr
Henrich Vogtherz

description: artist

wikidata_label: Heinrich Vogtherr

wikipedia_title: Heinrich Vogtherr


href: fiefdom Fallais Flanders nobleman John%20Calvin

text: seigneur Fallais Flemish nobleman Calvin

categories: Flemish writers (before 1830),Flemish nobility,1510s births

paragraph: Jacques de Bourgogne

paragraph: Jacques de Bourgogne, seigneur de Fallais (b. c.1515), was a Flemish nobleman and initially supporter of Calvin. He is known for his letter "L'Excuse de Noble Seigneur Jacques de Bourgogne, Seigneur de Falais Et de Bredam".

wikidata_label: Jacques de Bourgogne

wikipedia_title: Jacques de Bourgogne


text:
ajaw
Piedras Negras
ancient Maya
Guatemala
Late Classic Period
Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk II
Yoʼnal Ahk III
Haʼ Kʼin Xook
Kʼinich Yat Ahk II
stelae
Kʼatun
Long Count
Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk II
Simon Martin
Nikolai Grube
Teotihuacan
Itzam Kʼan Ahk I
Kʼatun
Kʼinich Yat Ahk II
Yaxchilan
Yopaat Bahlam II
macaw
cacao bean
pyrite
Hix Witz
Itzam Kʼan Ahk I
hegemony
Yoʼnal Ahk III
Haʼ Kʼin Xook
human sacrifice
Teoberto Maler
looters
Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
Switzerland
in situ
University of Pennsylvania
University Museum
Stephen D. Houston
Temple of the Inscriptions
Palenque

categories: 8th century in the Maya civilization,8th-century monarchs in North America,Kings of Piedras Negras

paragraph: Itzam Kʼan Ahk II

paragraph: Itzam Kʼan Ahk II (), also known as Ruler 4, was an "ajaw" of Piedras Negras, an ancient Maya settlement in Guatemala. He ruled during the Late Classic Period, from 729–757 AD. Itzam Kʼan Ahk II ascended to the throne following the death of Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk II. Itzam Kʼan Ahk II may have fathered the following three kings of Piedras Negras: Yoʼnal Ahk III, Haʼ Kʼin Xook, and Kʼinich Yat Ahk II. Following Itzam Kʼan Ahk II's demise, he was succeeded by Yoʼnal Ahk III in 757 AD. Itzam Kʼan Ahk II left behind several monuments, including stelae at Piedras Negras and a large mortuary temple now known as Pyramid O-13. In addition, the details of his life and his Kʼatun-jubilee were commemorated on Panel 3, raised by Kʼinich Yat Ahk II several years following Itzam Kʼan Ahk II's death.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Lineage.

paragraph: Itzam Kʼan Ahk II, also known as Ruler 4, was born on November 18, 701 AD (9.13.9.14.15 7 Men 18 Kʼankʼin in the Long Count). Of the three extant references to Itzam Kʼan Ahk's birth, not a single one mentions his line of descent, suggesting that Itzam Kʼan Ahk was not Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk II's son. With this said, Simon Martin and Nikolai Grube note that in one carving, the "ajaw" is shown with a turtle ornament on his belt, suggesting that one of his ancestors had the word "auk" ("turtle") in their name and was thus of royal blood. Additionally, Stela 40 shows what could be Itzam Kʼan Ahk's mother in Teotihuacano garb, suggesting that Itzam Kʼan Ahk was emphasizing maternal connections to Teotihuacan. Martin and Grube also note that this stela was erected exactly 83 Tzolkʼin, or about 59 years, following the death of Itzam Kʼan Ahk I (a former "ajaw" of Piedras Negras whose Itzam Kʼan Ahk II appropriated), which could suggest the existence of some "special link" between the two.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Reign.

paragraph: Itzam Kʼan Ahk II ascended to power on November 9, 729 AD (9.14.18.3.13 7 Ben 16 Kʼankʼin). In 749 AD, the "ajaw" celebrated his one Kʼatun, an event that was attended by many dignitaries, including a "bʼaah sajal" ("first ruler") named Kʼan Moʼ Teʼ who had served Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk II. The events of this banquet were later recorded by the final "ajaw" of Piedras Negras, Kʼinich Yat Ahk II on Panel 3; this artifact shows Itzam Kʼan Ahk II lecturing the interim ruler of Yaxchilan, Yopaat Bahlam II, about Piedras Negras's local dominance. (This panel has lent support to the argument that during Itzam Kʼan Ahk II's rule, Piedras Negras had eclipsed Yaxchilan in power.) The Kʼatun celebration was followed by another event a few days later, at which Itzam Kʼan Ahk II "performed a 'descending macaw' dance" and then had a drink made from fermented cacao beans passed around to his guests.

paragraph: Itzam Kʼan Ahk II likely engaged in war, as a pyrite disc found in his tomb depicts the severed head of a leader from Hix Witz. Houston et al. argue that Hix Witz was under Piedras Negras's control, largely based on the disk and because the Maya center is identified on Panel 7, erected earlier by Itzam Kʼan Ahk I, as a "tributary bearing plumes and textiles" to Piedras Negras.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: Itzam Kʼan Ahk II's reign was one marked by "hegemony over neighboring kingdoms". The ruler died on November 26, 757 AD (9.16.6.11.17 7 Kaban 0 Pax) and was buried three days later. According to Panel 3, the burial took place at the mythical "'mountain' of "ho janaab witz"", which in this context referred to Pyramid O-13. Itzam Kʼan Ahk II was succeeded by Yoʼnal Ahk III on March 10, 758 AD. Itzam Kʼan Ahk II's burial site was venerated by the succeeding kings of Piedras Negras, which has led some to hypothesize that Itzam Kʼan Ahk II produced a new ruling dynasty, and that the following three kings—Yoʼnal Ahk III, Haʼ Kʼin Xook, and Kʼinich Yat Ahk II—were his sons.

paragraph: Section::::Monuments.

paragraph: Section::::Monuments.:Stelae.

paragraph: Itzam Kʼan Ahk II erected at least five stelae: 9, 10, 11, 22, and 40, of which Stelae 9, 10, and 11 were raised in front of or near Structure J-3. Stela 11, constructed in August of 731 AD, is of the niche variety (meaning it depicts the ruler seated in a small hollow, or niche) and commemorates Itzam Kʼan Ahk II's ascension to power. This monument depicts the "ajaw" flanked by witnesses to the ceremonies explored on the stela itself. The expanse in front of the stone slab "designates the space ... as one of offering and supplication", given the depiction of human sacrifice near the monument's bottom. The monument was discovered by Teoberto Maler in two pieces on the ground; the front was well-preserved (even retaining some of its pigment), although the glyphs on the upper right were weathered. Sometime in the 1960s, looters broke up the fallen monument so they would have an easier time smuggling it out of the site. The top portion is currently housed in the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH), whereas the bottom half is in a private collection in Switzerland.

paragraph: Stela 9 had long been broken into thirds when it was discovered in 1899 by Maler. While these fragments had eroded slightly, the base was later found "in situ" by the University of Pennsylvania's University Museum. In the 1960s, looters carted off parts of the monument, namely a portion depicting a captive. Stela 10 is highly eroded, resulting in a loss of detail. In addition to this decay, the head ornament has presumably been lost. Stela 22 was dedicated on the East Group Plaza, located in front of Structure O-12, thereby "initiat[ing]" the East Group Plaza as a locus for sculpture and stelae. While previous stelae had faced other directions, Stela 22 faced northwest towards the site's acropolis, creating "a new axis of dialogue across the site."

paragraph: Stela 40 contains the depiction of the aforementioned woman dressed in Teotihuacano garb; it shows Itzam Kʼan Ahk II dispersing somethinghypothesized to be either blood or incenseinto a "psychoduct" (that is, "a vent leading into a subplaza tomb"). Simon and Grube argue that "the connection between the living and the dead is manifested [on this stela] as a 'knotted cord' or breath which travels down to enter the nose of the deceased". The female on the stela, denoted only by an "upside down vase" glyph, is likely Itzam Kʼan Ahk II's mother; Pitts argues that the monument "offers an interesting vignette of Itzam Kʼan Ahk II and his loyalty to a female ancestor, probably his mother."

paragraph: Section::::Monuments.:Pyramid O-13.

paragraph: Pyramid O-13 is the name given to the hypothesized mortuary temple of Kʼinich Yat Ahk II. According to Stephen Houston et al., it was nearly "twice as large" as any of Piedras Negras's previous structures. The pyramid was modified substantially following Itzam Kʼan Ahk II's demise: Kʼinich Yat Ahk II, for instance, reset the older Panel 2 and installed Panel 1 and the now-famous Panel 3. Megan O'Neil argues that these changes were made in order for the ruling "ajaw" to "engag[e] with the past". Given that the last known rulers of Piedras Negras erected their stelae on or near this pyramid and all three of these leaders also revered the site as some sort of dynastic shrine, it is possible that they were Kʼinich Yat Ahk II's sons.

paragraph: In 1997, Héctor Escobedo discovered a tomb (Burial 13) containing the bodies of an adult and two adolescents underneath the plaza floor at the front of the pyramid's frontal stairs. While some believe this to have been the resting place for Itzam Kʼan Ahk II, Stephen D. Houston cautions that this has not been conclusively proven. Among the artifacts found within (including pieces of jade and ornaments), archaeologists uncovered evidence that the tomb had been reentered after it was sealed: many bones were missing from the three bodies, and it appeared that the skeletons had been charred by fire sometime after their initial entombment. Scholars eventually concluded that this apparent desecration was actually part of a ritual described on Panel 3 called "el naah umukil" (the "house-burning at the burial"), and that it was carried out by Kʼinich Yat Ahk II.

paragraph: In terms of architecture, the O-13 Pyramid and the Late Classic Temple of the Inscriptions at Palenque are very similar: both have the same number of substructure terraces, both pyramids' substructures have exactly five doors, and both were built into the sides of hills. Damien Marken and Kirk Straight, use this similarity—as well as inscriptions on stelae at Palenque—to argue that there existed some sort of relationship between Piedras Negras and Palenque.

wikidata_label: Piedras Negras Ruler 4

wikipedia_title: Itzam Kʼan Ahk II