text:
painter
Gothic
Renaissance
Siena
Florence
Giotto
Spinello Aretino
Agnolo Gaddi
Camaldolese
Santa Maria degli Angeli
Biblioteca Laurenziana
International Gothic
Lorenzo Ghiberti
Gherardo Starnina
Gallerie dell'Accademia
"Coronation of the Virgin"
Uffizi
Masaccio
Brunelleschi
Adoration of the Magi
Bartolini Salimbeni Chapel
Santa Trinita
Giorgio Vasari
Lives
gangrene
tumour
predella
Coronation of the Virgin
Santa Maria degli Angeli
Annunciation Triptych
Gallerie dell'Accademia
Florence
Bartolini Salimbeni Chapel
Santa Trinita
Adoration of the Magi
Princeton University Art Museum
Chicago Art Institute
Walters Art Museum
National Gallery, Washington, D.C.
Madonna of Humility
Sienese School
National Gallery of Art
Biography and works
"Italian Paintings: Florentine School"

categories: 1420s deaths,Italian male painters,15th-century Italian painters,14th-century Italian painters,People from Siena,Tuscan painters,1370s births

paragraph: Lorenzo Monaco

paragraph: Lorenzo Monaco (born Piero di Giovanni; 1370 – c. 1425) was an Italian painter of the late Gothic-early Renaissance age. He was born Piero di Giovanni in Siena. Little is known about his youth, apart from the fact that he was apprenticed in Florence. He was influenced by Giotto and his followers Spinello Aretino and Agnolo Gaddi.

paragraph: In 1390 he joined the Camaldolese monastery of Santa Maria degli Angeli. He was thenceforth generally known as "Lorenzo Monaco" (English: "Lawrence the Monk"). In the 1390s he executed three panels of the Biblioteca Laurenziana for his convent.

paragraph: Starting from around 1404 his works show the influence of the International Gothic, of Lorenzo Ghiberti's earliest works and of Gherardo Starnina. From this period is the "Pietà" in the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Florence. His works, often over a gilded background, showed in general a spiritual value, and usually did not feature profane elements.

paragraph: In 1414 he painted the "Coronation of the Virgin" (now at the Uffizi), characterized by a great number of saints and brilliant colours. In the late part of his life, Lorenzo did not accept the early Renaissance innovations introduced by artists such as Masaccio and Brunelleschi. This is visible in the "Adoration of the Magi" of 1420–1422, where the now widespread geometrical perspective is totally absent. Lorenzo's works remained popular in the 1420s, as testified by the numerous commissions he received, such as the "Stories of the Virgin" in the Bartolini Salimbeni Chapel of Santa Trinita, one of his few frescoes.

paragraph: Giorgio Vasari includes a biography of Lorenzo Monaco in his "Lives". According to the Florentine historian, he died from an unidentified infection, perhaps gangrene or a tumour.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: His works include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Madonna and Child with Saints" (1395–1402)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Episodes in the Life of Saint Benedict" (c. 1407–1409)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nativity" (1409), a panel believed to form part of a predella

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coronation of the Virgin" (1414), also for Santa Maria degli Angeli

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Annunciation Triptych" (1410–1415), Gallerie dell'Accademia, Florence

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bartolini Salimbeni Chapel" (1410–1415), Santa Trinita, Florence

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adoration of the Magi" (1422)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beheading of St Paul", Princeton University Art Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Processional Cross", Chicago Art Institute

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Crucifixion of St Peter", Walters Art Museum, Baltimore

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Madonna and Child", National Gallery, Washington, D.C.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Madonna of Humility", Treasure Museum of the Basilica of Saint Francis, Assisi

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Virgin and Christ Child",{National Gallery of Scotland,Edinburgh}

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sienese School

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (see index; plates 71-72)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Gallery of Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography and works

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Italian Paintings: Florentine School", a collection catalog containing information about Monaco and his works (see pages: 62-68).

alias:
Piero Di Giovanni Lorenzo
di Giovanni Pietro
Pietro di Giovanni delle Tovaglie
Piero di Giovanni
Pietro Di Giovanni
Lorenzo degli Angeli
Pietro Di Giovanni Delle Tovaglie
Monaco Lorenzo
Il Monaco
di Giovanni Piero
Pietro di Giovanni dalle Tovaglie
Lorenzo, Don Monaco
don Lorenzo
Pietro di Giovanni
Don Lorenzo Monaco
lorenzo di monaco
don lorenzo monaco

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Lorenzo Monaco

wikipedia_title: Lorenzo Monaco


text:
Roman
consul
Marcus Livius Salinator
Demetrius of Pharos
Second Illyrian War
Philip V of Macedon
triumph
Second Punic War
Gaius Terentius Varro
Battle of Cannae
Viriathus
Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus
Aemilia Tertia
Scipio Africanus
Scipio-Paullus-Gracchus family tree

categories: Roman generals killed in action,Aemilii,Roman Republican consuls,3rd-century BC Romans,216 BC deaths,Year of birth unknown,Roman consuls dying in year of consulship,Roman commanders of the Second Punic War

paragraph: Lucius Aemilius Paullus (consul 219 BC)

paragraph: Lucius Aemilius Paullus (died August 2, 216 BC) was a Roman consul twice, in 219 and 216 BC.

paragraph: Paullus served his first consulship with Marcus Livius Salinator. During this year, he defeated Demetrius of Pharos in the Second Illyrian War and forced him to flee to the court of Philip V of Macedon. On his return to Rome, he was awarded a triumph. He was subsequently charged, along with his colleague, with unfairly dividing the spoils, although he was acquitted.

paragraph: During the Second Punic War, Paullus was made consul a second time and served with Gaius Terentius Varro. He shared the command of the army with Varro at the Battle of Cannae. Varro led out the troops against the advice of Paullus and the battle became a crushing defeat for the Romans. Paullus died in the battle, having managed to kill Carthaginian commander Viriathus, while Varro managed to escape.

paragraph: Paullus was the father of Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus and his daughter, Aemilia Tertia, married Scipio Africanus.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scipio-Paullus-Gracchus family tree

description: Roman consul

wikidata_label: Lucius Aemilius Paullus

wikipedia_title: Lucius Aemilius Paullus (consul 219 BC)


text: San Pedro de Atacama

text: Bolivia

text: War of the Pacific

text: Chile

text: Bolivia

text: Peru

text: Battle of Topáter

text: War of the Pacific

text: Battle of Topáter

text: Topáter River

text: Calama

text: La Paz

text: ellipsis

text: Eduardo Abaroa Province

categories: 1879 deaths,People from El Loa Province,1838 births,Bolivian engineers,Bolivian military personnel of the War of the Pacific,Bolivian people of Basque descent

paragraph: Eduardo Abaroa

paragraph: Colonel Eduardo Abaroa Hidalgo (October 13, 1838, San Pedro de Atacama – March 23, 1879) was Bolivia's foremost hero of the War of the Pacific (1879–1883), which pitted Chile against Bolivia and Peru. He was one of the leaders of the civilian resistance to the Chilean invasion at the Battle of Topáter.

paragraph: Abaroa was an engineer by trade, working in a silver mine located in the coastal region of Litoral, which Chile took from Bolivia during the War of the Pacific. During the Battle of Topáter (23 March 1879), the first armed clash of the war, Colonel Abaroa was part of a badly outnumbered Bolivian force defending a bridge that crossed the Topáter River and gave access to the city of Calama, an important desert oasis on the road to Bolivia. Refusing to surrender, after the outnumbered Bolivian military forces withdrew, he fought to his last breath, a feat that later transformed him into a revered national hero.

paragraph: When, injured and surrounded, he was asked to surrender by the Chilean forces, he provided an answer that has gone into Bolivian folklore: "¿Rendirme yo? ¡Que se rinda su abuela, carajo!" ("Surrender? Your grandmother [is who] should surrender, you bastard!", or "Surrender, me? Let your grandmother surrender, dammit!", or, more literally, "Surrender, me? That your grandmother surrender herself, fuck!"), equivalent to saying "Surrender? Surrender my ass!". According to Chilean folklore, he answered: "¿Quién, yo?" ("Who, me?")

paragraph: Section::::Legacy and critical discussion.

paragraph: In 1952, on the 73rd anniversary of his death, the Bolivian Government repatriated Abaroa's body, burying it with full honors and in the midst of an impressive crowd (numbering in the tens of thousands) in the popular La Paz square that bears the hero's name. Plaza Abaroa ("Abaroa Square") also contains a large bronze statue of the Bolivian martyr, presented in full pose and defiance, as he would have looked the moment before his death. His country honored him with a series of stamps (Scott#365-370 and C157-162). The stamps quoted his last words, eliding ""carajo"" with an ellipsis.

paragraph: Eduardo Abaroa Province is named in his honor, as is Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna National Reserve. The anniversary of Abaroa's heroic death (March 23) is the national holiday in Bolivia "Día del Mar", or the Day of the Sea.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jack Child, "The Politics and Semiotics of the Smallest Icons of Popular Culture: Latin American Postage Stamps", "Latin American Research Review", Vol. 40, no. 1, February 2005.

description: Bolivian hero

wikidata_label: Eduardo Avaroa

wikipedia_title: Eduardo Abaroa


text:
Siena
Andrea Palladio
Scamozzi
Vasari
Richard Newcourt
Great Fire
CBD
Adelaide

categories: 16th-century Italian architects,Year of birth uncertain

paragraph: Pietro di Giacomo Cataneo

paragraph: Pietro di Giacomo Cataneo (c. 1510 in Siena-c. 1574) was a 16th-century Italian architect.

paragraph: He is principally remembered for his "I Quattro Primi Libri di Architettura" (1554), a set of four books on architectural theory. In order, the books cover the design of fortified cities, materials, ecclesiastical architecture and domestic architecture. His work on the design of cities was influential, having been cited by Andrea Palladio and elaborated on by Scamozzi and Vasari. His plan for an 'ideal city' is said to have influenced Richard Newcourt's proposal for the rebuilding of London after the Great Fire, as well as the design of cities such as Philadelphia and Savannah. The plan also bears a strong resemblance to the CBD of Adelaide.

alias:
Pietro di Giacomo Cattaneo
Pietro Cattaneo
Pietro Cataneo

description: Architect known for writing architectural theory books

wikidata_label: Pietro di Giacomo Cataneo

wikipedia_title: Pietro di Giacomo Cataneo


text:
pole vault
world record
National Track and Field Hall of Fame
Jonesboro, Arkansas
Arkansas State University
NCAA
AAU
David Roberts
Jeff Hartwig
Derek Miles
Kellie Suttle
Track and Field News

categories: 1955 births,Athletes (track and field) at the 1975 Pan American Games,American male pole vaulters,People from Panamá District,Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics,Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics,Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics,World record holders in masters athletics,Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in track and field,Athletes (track and field) at the 1991 Pan American Games,Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field),Former world record holders in athletics (track and field),Olympic track and field athletes of the United States,Living people,Arkansas State University alumni,Goodwill Games medalists in athletics,Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics,Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States,People from Jonesboro, Arkansas

paragraph: Earl Bell

paragraph: Earl Holmes Bell (born August 25, 1955) is a retired American pole vaulter. He competed at the 1976, 1984 and 1988 Olympics and won a bronze medal in 1984, placing fourth in 1988 and sixth in 1976. In 1976 he also briefly held the world record. In retirement he coached several America's leading vaulters. In 2002 he was inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bell was born in Panama to William K. Bell and Yola Zimmerman Bell. His father was a medical doctor and former pole vaulter who had attended the University of Arkansas. The family moved from Panama to Jonesboro, Arkansas in 1960, and in 1973 Bell entered the Arkansas State University. He graduated in 1988 with a BSc degree in accounting. While attending Arkansas University, Bell won the NCAA title in 1975–77. He also won the AAU championships in 1976 and 1984, placing third in 1981. Besides Olympics, Bell won a gold medal at the 1975 Pan American Games and finished fifth in 1991.

paragraph: Bell came to the 1976 U.S. Olympic Trials as the world record holder. At the Trials he lent his pole to David Roberts, who broke his pole. Roberts won the Trials with a new world record, and placed third at the Olympics, while Bell finished second and sixth, respectively.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: After retiring from competitions Bell established Bell Athletics outside of Jonesboro, where he coached Jeff Hartwig, Derek Miles, Kellie Suttle and Jillian Schwartz, among other top pole vaulters.

paragraph: Bell is married and has three children: Drew, Sam, and Henry.

paragraph: Section::::Rankings.

paragraph: Rare among vaulters, Bell managed to stay relatively healthy and productive for a long career, gaining US rankings among the best for 16 consecutive years in the "Track and Field News" annual rankings.

description: American pole vaulter

wikidata_label: Earl Bell

wikipedia_title: Earl Bell


text: land art

text: Andy Goldsworthy

text: Camberwell College of Arts

text: Euan Uglow

text: Hamish Fulton

text: Canadian Rockies

text: land art

text: Richard Long

text: Leeds City Art Gallery

text: pinhole camera

text: Morecambe Bay

text: artist in residence

text: British Antarctic Survey

text: Nevada Museum of Art

text: spore print

text: echocardiogram

text: climate change

text: Cape Farewell, UK

text: Brighton

text: University of Wyoming

text: environmental issues in Wyoming

text: pine beetle

text: Tom Lubnau

text: Matt Mead

text: Bea Maddock

text: Anne Noble

text: Sydney Nolan

text: Jan Senbergs

text: Jorg Schmeisser

text: Cape Farewell, UK

text: Pollock-Krasner Foundation

text: Herman de Vries

text: Richard Long

text: Giuseppe Penone

categories: 1948 births,Environmental artists,British male sculptors,Living people,British sculptors

paragraph: Chris Drury (artist)

paragraph: Chris Drury (born 1948 in Colombo, Sri Lanka) is a British environmental artist. His body of work includes ephemeral assemblies of natural materials, land art in the mode associated with Andy Goldsworthy, as well as more permanent landscape art, works on paper and indoor installations. He also works in 3D (three-dimensional) sculpture.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Drury was born in Columbo, Sri Lanka in 1948, his family moving to the UK when he was 6 years old. From 1966 he attended Camberwell College of Arts (at the time known as Camberwell School of Arts and Crafts), studying art and sculpture, where he was taught drawing by artists such as Euan Uglow. After being introduced to him by his dentist, in October 1975 he was invited to accompany walking artist Hamish Fulton on a journey through the Canadian Rockies which he describes as seminal in his transition from traditional sculpture and portraiture to environmental or land art. Initially frustrated by comparisons of his work to leading land artists such as Fulton and Richard Long, his work continued to develop and in 1982 he made what he describes as a "radical departure" and spent a year creating "Medicine Wheel" in which he explored seasonal change and displayed objects from nature over the course of a year in the form of a large circle. "Medicine Wheel" was displayed through Coracle, a small independent gallery with whom Drury continued to work intermittently for a number of years, and was eventually given to Leeds City Art Gallery. Drury has largely continued to eschew traditional larger galleries, preferring to distance himself from commercial expectation and production which has allowed him a freedom to work in remote areas and in natural surroundings and to make art in a wide range of unusual collaborations.

paragraph: Section::::Artworks.

paragraph: In addition to ephemeral works, some of Drury's lasting pieces include "cloud chambers", darkened caverns constructed of local rock, turf, or other materials. Each chamber has a hole in the roof which serves as a pinhole camera; viewers may enter the chamber and observe the image of the sky and clouds projected onto the walls and floor. He has made several around the world, with his latest, "Horizon Line Chamber", constructed with master craftsman Andrew Mason, opening in 2019 at Morecambe Bay as part of the Headspace to Headlands Heritage Lottery Commission.

paragraph: From December 2006 to February 2007 he was artist in residence with the British Antarctic Survey where his work included creating ephemeral pieces with the materials of nature, including Wind Vortices, ice prints and ice igloos which he also photographed.

paragraph: His works in 3D sculpture include mushroom clouds evoking nuclear testing made out of as many as 6000 pieces of fungi strung floor to ceiling. These were first exhibited at his first major solo exhibition in the USA, "Mushrooms | Clouds", at Nevada Museum of Art in 2008.

paragraph: On paper, he uses a variety of unusual media, notably mushroom spore prints, dung, and peat, as a source of colour and patterns, which he might overlay with text or fingerprints, or underlay with maps or other geographic images.

paragraph: Drury has also produced works associated with the body, working in residence with hospitals and incorporating echocardiogram data and blood into his art.

paragraph: Drury is an active participant in several organisations which aim to address the effects of and challenge thinking about climate change through art, including Cape Farewell, UK, ONCA (a Brighton based charity which "supports artists and audiences to engage with environmental and social challenges" and Art Works for Change, which creates exhibitions worldwide to advocate for human rights, social justice and to highlight environmental awareness.

paragraph: Section::::"Carbon Sink".

paragraph: In 2011 Drury's outdoor artwork titled "Carbon Sink" created controversy when it was installed at the University of Wyoming and was ultimately censored. The sculpture was constructed of coal and burned wood and was intended to highlight the link between climate change and environmental issues in Wyoming, and the specific issue of Wyoming forests extensive infestation with pine beetle. Complaints were received by the president of the university, Tom Buchanan, from members of the public, mining executives, Republican lobbyists and other representatives of energy industries who were aggrieved that the university displayed the sculpture whilst receiving considerable funds from state taxes. Tom Lubnau, Republican speaker of the Wyoming House of Representatives stated he would attempt to ensure "no fossil-fuel-derived tax dollars find their way in the University of Wyoming funding stream." The sculpture was removed on Buchanan's recommendation, with the initial reason given as water damage, which the later release of Buchanan's emails contradicted. Subsequently legislation was passed that means any proposed artwork at the university must "reflect Wyoming’s history of transportation, agriculture and minerals" and be approved by the Wyoming Energy Resources Council, made up of local energy executives, and by Republican governor of Wyoming, Matt Mead. The university was criticised for backing down in the face of commercial pressure, with one professor describing the artwork's removal as an "explicit and abhorrent act of censorship."

paragraph: Section::::Selected exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 "Mushroom Cloud – Installation and Videos" – Arte Sella, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 "Water, Land and Language", Taigh Chearsabhagh, Lochmaddy, Western Isles

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Land Water and Language", Dovecot, Edinburgh

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 Chris Drury, Lloyds Club Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 Chris Drury – Mini retrospective and installation – Oppland Art Centre, Lillhammer, Norway

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 "Exchange" – 15 – 31 August. A Cape Farewell project with writer Kay Syrad about 3 farms in West Dorset. The Exhibition, includes a large leather bound book and several works on the wall representing a years research. The Fine Foundation Gallery, Durleston Castle, Swanage.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 "Earth" – 10 March – 3 April – A one man show at Onca Gallery, Brighton

paragraph: Section::::Selected bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Also .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Land Art" (2007) – Ben Tufnell, Tate Publishing

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chris Drury Mushroom|Clouds" (2009) Anne M Wolfe Centre For American Places/University of Chicago Press ISBNB-13:978-1-935195-02—3

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Song of The Earth: European Artists and the Landscape", (2007) –Mel Gooding and William Furlong, Thames & Hudson Ltd.; Published in USA as Artists Land Nature, Harry N. Abrams

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ethics of Earth Art" (2010) University of Minnesota. Amanda Boetzkes

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Antarctica – Exhibition Catalogue" (2012) – Chris Drury, Philip Hughes, Bea Maddock, Anne Noble, Sydney Nolan, Jan Senbergs, Jorg Schmeisser – Drill Hall Gallery, Australian National University.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Art and Ecology Now" (2014) – Andrew Brown – Thames & Hudson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Exchange" (2015) – Chris Drury and Kay Syrad -Handmade, A2 Leather-bound book, in an edition of 3, published by Cape Farewell, UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Exchange" – Chris Drury and Kay Syrad - hardback small version of above published by Cape Farewell and Little Toller Books in a limited edition together with inserted artwork:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Exchange" – Chris Drury and Kay Syrad – Paperback version of above – published by Cape Farewell and Little Toller Books:

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: In 2018 Drury was awarded the Lee Krasner Lifetime Achievement Award by the Pollock-Krasner Foundation.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- More on the Wyoming University decision to remove Drury's sculpture, and a comparison to Indiana University's handling of pressure regarding historical murals on campus showing the Ku Klux Klan's ascendancy in the 1920s.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Covers Drury in context with Herman de Vries, Nikolaus Lang, Richard Long and Giuseppe Penone.

description: British artist

wikidata_label: Chris Drury

wikipedia_title: Chris Drury (artist)


text:
Montfaucon
Beuve
Sigebert I
Austrasia
Flodoard
Dagobert I
Austrasia
province of Lorraine
Reims
Dode
Wandregisel
feast day
Butler, Alban
Butler, Alban

paragraph: Balderic, Abbot of Montfaucon

paragraph: Saint Balderic (or Baudry) was the founding abbot of Montfaucon.

paragraph: Balderic and his sister Beuve (or Bove or Bova) lived in the 7th century in France. They were reputed to be children of Sigebert I, king of Austrasia, based on oral tradition recorded by Flodoard, Canon of Reims, three centuries later. They are also said to be related to King Dagobert, presumably Dagobert I of Austrasia.

paragraph: Balderic was ordained as a priest, and later founded the monastery of Montfaucon in the province of Lorraine. In 639 he established a convent "St-Pierre-les-Dames" in Reims for his sister Beuve. She was succeeded as abbess there by her and Balderic's niece Dode (or Doda). Balderic was a guide and tutor of Saint Wandregisel or Wandrille, who stayed at Montfaucon after separating from his wife in 628. Balderic died at Reims during a visit to his sister.

paragraph: His feast day is 16 October.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Butler, Alban. "Wandregisel", "Lives of the Saints", edited by Thurston and Attwater.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Butler, Alban. "Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints". J. Duffy, 1866.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913.

description: Abbot of Montfaucon

wikidata_label: Balderic, Abbot of Montfaucon

wikipedia_title: Balderic, Abbot of Montfaucon


text: mining

text: metallurgy

text: Hamelin

text: Electorate of Hanover

text: Schloss Buchwald

text: Prussian

text: Silesia

text: Claus Friedrich von Reden

text: Friedrich Anton von Heynitz

text: Friedrich Otto Burchard von Reden

text: Oberharz

text: Göttingen

text: Halle

text: mineralogy

text: geology

text: Abraham Gottlob Werner

text: Friedrich Anton von Heynitz

text: Silesia

text: Tarnowitz

text: John Baildon

text: coke

text: Gliwice

text: Chorzów

text: Friedrich Wilhelm II

text: Frederick William III

text: Hirschberger Tal

text: Friedrich Adolf Riedesel

text: Frederika Charlotte Riedesel

text: Wrocław University of Technology

text: digital

text: biography on geoberg.de

categories: People from the Electorate of Hanover,German untitled nobility,German engineers,1752 births,People from Hamelin,1815 deaths

paragraph: Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden

paragraph: Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden (23 March 1752 – 3 July 1815) was a German pioneer in mining and metallurgy. He was born in Hamelin in the Electorate of Hanover and died in Schloss Buchwald in Prussian Silesia.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Reden came from the noble family of , in which mining was a long-standing interest. He was the nephew of the Hanoverian "Berghauptmann" Claus Friedrich von Reden, as well as of Friedrich Anton von Heynitz, a reformer of Prussian mining and metallurgy. One of his cousins was the leading American mountain man Friedrich Otto Burchard von Reden.

paragraph: In 1768 Reden began an apprenticeship at various mines of the Oberharz. Between 1770 and 1773 he was a student at Göttingen and at Halle. After passing the civil service examination to become an administrative officer, he travelled through Holland, England, and France, visiting mines and metallurgical plants. At the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, he took a degree in mineralogy and geology under the supervision of Abraham Gottlob Werner. In 1777, he entered the Hanoverian civil service, and was soon appointed by Friedrich Anton von Heynitz to Berlin, in the Department of Mines.

paragraph: In the late 18th century, Reden played an important role in the development of industry in Silesia. For example, on Reden's initiative, in 1787 one of the first steam-powered pumps in continental Europe was installed in an ore mine at Tarnowitz. Together with John Baildon, Reden was responsible for the introduction of coke into modern steelmaking process in Europe (in Gleiwitz (Gliwice), 1796, and, on a large scale, in Königshütte (Chorzów), 1802).

paragraph: Reden was knighted by Friedrich Wilhelm II. Following the Napoleonic occupation of Prussia, he remained in office as the Minister of Mines to prevent the plundering of the mines by the French. Because of speeches on 9 November 1806, on the French occupying power, he was sacked from his ministry by Frederick William III, on 9 July 1807.

paragraph: In the evening of his life, Reden retired to the Hirschberger Tal ("Kotlina Jeleniogórska"), at the well situated Buchwald ("Bukowiec"), which he had acquired in 1785. In 1802, he married Friederike Riedesel, Freiin zu Eisenbach, () daughter of Friedrich Adolf Riedesel and Frederika Charlotte Riedesel, but the marriage remained childless.

paragraph: There is a recently rebuilt monument to Reden in Chorzów (). This monument has a turbulent history having been erected and demolished several times with the changing political winds in Silesia. On 4 June 1935, the Society of German metalworks and miners donated the Reden "medal", on the 25th Anniversary of the Wrocław University of Technology, as an award for excellent dissertations from mining and metallurgical engineers. This award is given since 1948, by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, Raw Material and Environmental Technology.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander Reden:"History of the Reden family"", Wagner, Innsbruck 1893 (digital)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zbigniew Kapała (eds):"Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden i jego czasy". Muzeum w Chorzowie, Chorzów 2002, (Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden and his time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Władysław Niemierowski:"Frederic Reden, 1752-1815". Muzeum Śląskie, Katowice 1988,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Slip-Olaf Schmidt (eds):"Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Reden, 1752-1815. Contributions to the early industrialization in Upper Silesia and the Ruhr". LWL Industrial Museum, Dortmund, Essen 2008,

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- biography on geoberg.de (German)

paragraph: BULLET::::- An oath took him to the case - Reden -biography by Frank Eberhardt (German)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Findings of Friedrich Wilhelm and Friederike von Reden in Echo Slonska (German)

description: German engineer

wikidata_label: Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden

wikipedia_title: Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden


text: fl.

text: pirate

text: Anne Dieu-le-Veut

text: female pirates

text: Saint-Domingue

text: Haiti

categories: Female pirates,French pirates,1600s births,Haitian pirates,17th-century pirates,Year of death unknown,Haitian people of French descent,People of Saint-Domingue,People who faked their own death

paragraph: Jacquotte Delahaye

paragraph: Jacquotte Delahaye (fl. 1656), was a pirate active in the Caribbean sea. Alongside Anne Dieu-le-Veut, she was one of very few 17th-century female pirates. There is no evidence from period sources that Delahaye was a real person. Stories of her exploits are attributed to , a French fiction writer of the 1940s.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Delahaye reportedly came from Saint-Domingue in modern Haiti, and was the daughter of a French father and a Haitian mother. Her mother is said to have died while giving birth to her brother, who suffered mild mental disability, and was left in her care after her father's death. According to legend and tradition, she became a pirate after the murder of her father.

paragraph: Jacquotte Delahaye is the subject of many legendary stories. To escape her pursuers, she faked her own death and took on a male alias, living as a man for many years. Upon her return, she became known as "back from the dead red" because of her striking red hair.

paragraph: She led a gang of hundreds of pirates, and with their help took over a small Caribbean island in the year of 1656, which was called a "freebooter republic". Several years later, she died in a shoot-out while defending it.

paragraph: Though no official documentation of any children exists, it was rumoured she had a daughter named Dinah Delahaye, who shared her mother's striking red hair, and who grew up to become a master swordswoman, and pirate commanding a small fleet of ships.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ulrike Klausmann, Marion Meinzerin, Gabriel Kuhn: Women pirates and the politics of the Jolly Roger Black Rose Books (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles H. Parker: Global Interactions in the Early Modern Age, 1400–1800 (2010)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.privateerdragons.com/pirate_list.html

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://kiba.vox.com/library/post/pirate-quotes.html

description: French pirate

wikidata_label: Jacquotte Delahaye

wikipedia_title: Jacquotte Delahaye


text: Bahá'í Faith

text: British Isles

text: Ireland

text: London

text: Arthur Blomfield

text: Charles James Blomfield

text: Bishop of London

text: Save the Children Fund

text: League of Nations

text: Bahá'í Faith

text: 'Abdu'l-Baha

text: Paris Talks

text: Shoghi Effendi

text: Baha'u'llah

text: 'Abdu'l-Baha in London

text: Shoghi Effendi

text: Paris Talks

categories: 20th-century Bahá'ís,Irish Bahá'ís,Converts to the Bahá'í Faith,1939 deaths,1859 births

paragraph: Sara Blomfield

paragraph: Sara Louisa Blomfield (née Ryan; 1859 – 1939) was a distinguished early member of the Bahá'í Faith in the British Isles, and a supporter of the rights of children and women. She became styled "Lady Blomfield" after her husband was knighted in 1889.

paragraph: Blomfield was born in Ireland and spent much of her adult life in London. She was married to the noted Victorian era architect Arthur Blomfield, son of Charles James Blomfield, Bishop of London. An accomplished writer and humanitarian, Blomfield assisted in founding the Save the Children Fund and was a supporter of the adoption of the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child by the League of Nations.

paragraph: Blomfield joined the Bahá'í Faith in 1907 and soon became one of its outstanding proponents and historians. During the visit of 'Abdu'l-Baha to Paris, she took copious notes of his public meetings which were used in preparing the volume called "Paris Talks". As a tribute to her, 'Abdu'l-Baha bestowed upon her the name "Sitárih Khanum" (in Persian, "sitárih" means "star", and "khanum" means "lady"). After the passing of 'Abdu'l-Baha in 1921, Blomfield accompanied Shoghi Effendi on his trip from Britain to Haifa. While in Haifa, she interviewed members of Baha'u'llah's family. Those recorded recollections, together with her account of the days when she hosted 'Abdu'l-Baha in London, make up the contents of her book, "The Chosen Highway."

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Passing of 'Abdu'l-Bahá", coauthored with Shoghi Effendi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blomfield's copious notes are the basis of much of Paris Talks.

description: Irish Baha'i

wikidata_label: Lady Blomfield

wikipedia_title: Sara Blomfield


text: Grenoble

text: French

text: cross country skier

text: Winter Olympics

text: Albertville

text: FIS Nordic World Ski Championships

text: Italy

categories: Cross-country skiers at the 1994 Winter Olympics,Olympic cross-country skiers of France,1969 births,Cross-country skiers at the 1992 Winter Olympics,French male cross-country skiers,Sportspeople from Grenoble,Living people

paragraph: Stéphane Azambre

paragraph: Stéphane Azambre (born 30 June 1969 in Grenoble) was a French cross country skier who competed from 1992 to 1996. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best overall and individual finishes at Albertville in 1992 by finishing eighth in the 4 x 10 km relay and 26th in the 50 km event, respectively.

paragraph: Azambre's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was 21st twice (1993: 10 km + 15 km combined pursuit, 1995: 50 km). His best World Cup finish was seventh in a 15 km event in Italy in 1992.

paragraph: Azambre's lone career victory was in a 10 km Continental Cup event in Italy in 1997.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympic 4 x 10 km relay results: 1936-2002

description: French cross-country skier and biathlete

wikidata_label: Stéphane Azambre

wikipedia_title: Stéphane Azambre


text:
Santiago del Estero
Argentine
football
midfielder
Independiente Santa Fe
Boca Juniors
Copa Libertadores
Copa Intercontinental
Argentine league championship
Banfield
Junior
Jaguares
Mexico
Real Cartagena
Independiente Medellín
Club Santa Fe
Copa Intercontinental
Copa Libertadores
2000
2001
2003
Primera División Argentina
Apertura 2000
Colombian Professional Football
Copa Sudamericana
Copa Colombia
Categoría Primera A
2016–II
Superliga Colombiana
Argentine Primera statistics

categories: People from Santiago del Estero Province,Argentine Primera División players,Liga MX players,Expatriate footballers in Mexico,Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Colombia,Patriotas Boyacá footballers,Categoría Primera A players,Expatriate footballers in Colombia,1981 births,Boca Juniors footballers,Independiente Medellín footballers,Argentine footballers,Banfield footballers,Chiapas F.C. footballers,Association football midfielders,Living people,Independiente Santa Fe footballers,Argentine expatriate footballers,Atlético Junior footballers,Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Mexico

paragraph: Omar Sebastián Pérez

paragraph: Omar Sebastián Pérez Marcos (born 29 March 1981 in Santiago del Estero) is an Argentine football who plays as a midfielder for Independiente Santa Fe.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Peréz began his playing career with Boca Juniors in 2000, during his time with the club he was part of several championship winning squads. Between 2000 and 2003 the club won three Copa Libertadores, 2 Copa Intercontinental and an Argentine league championship.

paragraph: In 2003 Peréz joined Banfield where he played until 2004.

paragraph: In 2004 Peréz moved to Colombian side Junior where he played until 2007, with a short loan spell with Jaguares of Mexico in 2005. He was part of the championship winning team of Apertura 2004.

paragraph: Since 2007 he has played for Real Cartagena, Independiente Medellín and Club Santa Fe of Colombia.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boca Juniors

paragraph: BULLET::::- Copa Intercontinental (1): 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- Copa Libertadores (3): 2000, 2001, 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Primera División Argentina (1): Apertura 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- Junior

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colombian Professional Football (1): 2004-II

paragraph: BULLET::::- Santa Fe

paragraph: BULLET::::- Copa Sudamericana (1) : 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Copa Colombia (1): 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Categoría Primera A (3): 2012-I, 2014-II, 2016–II

paragraph: BULLET::::- Superliga Colombiana (3): 2013, 2015, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Argentine Primera statistics at Fútbol XXI

description: Argentine footballer

wikidata_label: Omar Sebastián Pérez

wikipedia_title: Omar Sebastián Pérez


text:
Sydney
Milan
London
Covent Garden, London
Mozart
Don Giovanni
Florence Austral
Paris
South Africa
New York City
The Star-Spangled Banner
Statue of Liberty
Columbia Graphophone Company
Patea
New Zealand

wikipedia_title:
Sydney
Milan
London
Royal Opera House
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Don Giovanni
Florence Austral
Paris
South Africa
New York City
The Star-Spangled Banner
Statue of Liberty
Columbia Graphophone Company
Patea
New Zealand

categories: Australian operatic sopranos,20th-century opera singers,20th-century women singers,1881 births,Singers from Melbourne,People from Adelaide,1945 deaths

paragraph: Elsa Stralia

paragraph: Elsa Stralia (1 March 1881 – 31 August 1945) was an Australian soprano with an international reputation in Europe and America. She was born Elsie Mary Fischer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: After appearing in Sydney, she studied in Milan and London. She made her Covent Garden, London debut as Donna Elvira in Mozart's "Don Giovanni" in 1913, under the professional name of Elsa Stralia (after Australia, like Florence Austral). She appeared at Covent Garden, and in Milan, Paris, South Africa and New York City. She toured in South Africa, and in a number of American cities, once singing "The Star-Spangled Banner" while dressed as the Statue of Liberty. She recorded for the Columbia Graphophone Company, and toured Australasia in 1925 and 1934.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: She was born in Adelaide in 1881 to Hugo and Annie Fischer. The family moved to Melbourne in 1899, where she was convent-educated. She married William Mountford Moses in 1908 in Sydney. She divorced him and married Adolph Theodor Christensen in Sydney in 1935. They lived in Patea, New Zealand until he died in 1943.

paragraph: She then moved to Melbourne, where she died, childless, at Belgrave. Her estate was used to establish a scholarship for young Australian female singers.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 12, 1891-1931", edited by John Ritchie (1990, Melbourne University Press)

description: singer

wikidata_label: Elsa Stralia

wikipedia_title: Elsa Stralia


categories: Okinawan male karateka,1945 deaths,1869 births

paragraph: Chōmo Hanashiro

alias:
Chomo Hanashiro
Choumo Hanashiro

description: Okinawan karateka

wikidata_label: Chōmo Hanashiro

wikipedia_title: Chōmo Hanashiro


text:
fencing
imperial
Spain
Isabella II of Spain
Madrid
Somain, Nord
Montpellier
Jean-Louis Michel
duel
Napoleon III
Alfonso XII of Spain
the East Palace
Paris
C. Leon
Achille
San Sebastián
Les Maîtres d'Armes Broutin
Fencing, a Bibliography by Henk Pardoel

categories: 1883 deaths,French emigrants to Spain,French male fencers,1826 births

paragraph: Emmanuel Broutin

paragraph: Emmanuel Broutin (1826–1883) was a French fencing master, sergeant of the imperial army, emigrated to Spain where he proceeded his career for the queen Isabella II of Spain before managing his fencing hall in Madrid.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Somain, Nord in 1826, Emmanuel Broutin (named Manuel Jose in Spain)was son of a rope-maker. He joined the army in 1847. He met in Montpellier the famous Jean-Louis Michel, great exponent of the art of fencing in the nineteenth century.

paragraph: Because of a duel and his adversary belonging Napoleon III's court, he had to leave the French army, at the end of 1863.

paragraph: Owing to his good relationship in the Spanish community of Paris, he chose Spain as place of exile. In Madrid, he worked for the queen Isabella II during the end of her reign, between 1863 and 1868 and became the future king Alfonso XII of Spain's fencing master. Emmanuel Broutin also reorganized the Royal Cavalry of the East Palace before opening his fencing hall in Madrid.

paragraph: Married at 31, in Paris, to Marie-Louise Pasquier, dressmaker, he had eleven children. Two of his sons, C. Leon and Achille were fencing masters too.

paragraph: He died in 1883 in San Sebastián.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vigeant, Arsène : Un Maître d'Armes sous la Restauration - Paris - 1883

paragraph: BULLET::::- Broutin, C. Leon : El Arte de la Esgrima - Madrid - 1893

paragraph: BULLET::::- Szwiec, Nathalie : "Un Duel sous le Second Empire" in Bulletin n°18 de l'Académie du Second Empire - p 103-104 - 2010

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Les Maîtres d'Armes Broutin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fencing, a Bibliography by Henk Pardoel

description: French fencer

wikidata_label: Emmanuel Broutin

wikipedia_title: Emmanuel Broutin


text:
rabbi
Hebrew grammar
Bible commentator
Hebrew
Volochysk
Volhynia
Hebrew
Talmud
Warsaw
iluy
Wreschen
Kempen
chief rabbi
Bucharest
Iuliu Barasch
Orthodox Judaism
Jewish law and tradition
Siddur
Choral Temple
Great Synagogue of Leopoldstadt
Vienna
shochtim
dayan
Moses Montefiore
Constantinople
Turkish government
Lunshitz
Kherson
Mogilev
Dnieper
Königsberg
Reform Jews
Vilna
Vilna
Kremenchuk
Kiev
Megillat Esther
Tanakh
Shulchan Aruch
midrash halakha
philippic
"Malbin", Jewish Encyclopedia
Judaism 101

categories: 1809 births,1879 deaths,Chief rabbis of cities,19th-century Romanian people,German Orthodox rabbis,19th-century rabbis,Polish Orthodox rabbis,Romanian Orthodox rabbis,Russian Orthodox rabbis,Bible commentators,Later Acharonim

paragraph: Malbim

paragraph: Meir Leibush ben Yehiel Michel Wisser (March 7, 1809 – September 18, 1879), better known as the Malbim (), was a rabbi, master of Hebrew grammar, and Bible commentator. The name "Malbim" was derived from the Hebrew initials of his name. He used this acronym as his surname in all his published works, and became known by it in common usage.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Malbim was born in Volochysk, Volhynia to Yehiel Michel Wisser. His father educated him in Hebrew and the Talmud. After being orphaned as a child, Meïr was cared for and educated by his stepfather, Rabbi Leib of Volochysk.

paragraph: At the age of 13, he went to study in Warsaw. He was known there as "the iluy from Volhynia." He showed talent from his early childhood, and his works indicate that he had a considerable knowledge of secular sciences and history. From 1838 to 1845 he served as rabbi of Wreschen. In the latter year he was called to the rabbinate of Kempen, where he remained until 1859. He was thereafter also known as "der Kempener Magid".

paragraph: In 1859, Malbim became chief rabbi of Bucharest, Romania. He had disagreements with the upper class and educated Jews there, some of them Austrian citizens (called in Romanian "sudiţi"), led by the noted Dr. Iuliu Barasch. They wanted to introduce changes in the spirit of modern European life into the life of the local Jewry, as was done in some Reform congregations. Malbim defended the traditional style of Orthodox Judaism, which demanded strict adherence to Jewish law and tradition. He rejected almost all suggestions to edit the Siddur, give up beards or make other changes in exterior appearance, or to make other changes in observance.

paragraph: Malbim opposed construction of the big Choral Temple, to be equipped with a choir and organ, similar to the Great Synagogue of Leopoldstadt in Vienna. He thought this was too Christian in style. In 1864 the Choral Temple became the main neo-orthodox synagogue in Romania. He also condemned the founding (before he arrived) of the first two elementary schools in Bucharest for Jewish children to offer a general knowledge curriculum. In this period Romanian officials encouraged such efforts to integrate the Jews into mainstream Romanian life.

paragraph: Malbim's insistence on adhering to the halakha resulted in portions of the religious personnel (shochtim, dayanim) to become hostile to him. By their frequent complaints, his opponents almost succeeded in having him sent to prison. Malbim was freed through the intervention of Sir Moses Montefiore, but it was upon the condition that he leave Romania.

paragraph: Malbim went to Constantinople and complained to the Turkish government, but obtained no satisfaction. After staying six months in Paris, he went to Lunshitz, in Russian Poland, as successor to his deceased father-in-law, Hayyim Auerbach (1866). Shortly afterwards he became rabbi at Kherson, and thence was called to the rabbinate of Mogilev, on the Dnieper (1870). There, too, he was a staunch supporter of Judaism and was resented by the richer Jews; they denounced him as a political criminal, and the governor of Moghilev forced him to leave the town.

paragraph: Malbim went to Königsberg as chief rabbi of the Polish community, but he continued to have conflict with Reform Jews. Malbim visited Vilna in 1879, where the community would have appointed him rabbi, but the governor of Vilna opposed the election. He did not want to sanction the appointment of a rabbi who had been expelled from Moghilev as a political criminal. Malbim declined an offer to be chief rabbi of the Orthodox in New York City. In September 1879, Malbim was traveling to Kremenchuk, where he had been called as rabbi, when he fell sick. He died on Rosh HaShanah, 1 Tishrei 5640 at Kiev.

paragraph: Section::::Methodology and style.

paragraph: Malbim's fame and popularity rest upon his novel commentary to the Bible. His first published commentary was on Megillat Esther (1845), followed by his commentary on most of the Hebrew Tanakh from then until 1876. His commentary on the Bible is based most notably upon his proven principle that there are no true synonyms in the Tanakh; apparent stylistic repetitions are not that, but rather each introduces a distinct idea. His approach is described as follows:

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Artzoth haChayim"", commentary and novellae on the Shulchan Aruch (section Orah Hayim, Breslau, 1837);

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Artzoth haShalom"", collection of sermons (Krotoschin, 1839);

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""HaTorah vehaMitzva"", analytical and innovative commentary on the Pentateuch and the midrash halakha (Warsaw, 1874–80), including the linguistic guide Ayelet ha-Shachar on differences between similar terms in Hebrew;

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Mikra'ei Kodesh"", commentary on the Prophets and Hagiographa (ib. 1874; this commentary is in parallel, on the words and on the sense; Malbim always endeavored to explain the different meanings of synonyms);

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Mashal uMelitza"", dramatic philippic, in verse, against hypocrisy (Paris, 1867).

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Eretz Hemdah"", Commentary on the Bible according to the Midrash. (Vilna 1929)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Malbin", Jewish Encyclopedia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Judaism 101

description: Polish rabbi

wikidata_label: Malbim

wikipedia_title: Malbim


text:
Major League Baseball
pitcher
Pittsburgh Pirates
inning
Boston Braves
Forbes Field
strikeout
ERA
manager
Hall of Famer
Bill McKechnie
Baseball Hall of Fame
Max Carey
Kiki Cuyler
Rabbit Maranville
Pie Traynor
Bakersfield, California
Baseball Reference
Retrosheet

categories: 1984 deaths,1899 births,Baseball players from California,Pittsburgh Pirates players,Pueblo Braves players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Sportspeople from Bakersfield, California

paragraph: Buckshot May

paragraph: William Herbert "Buckshot" May (December 13, 1899 – March 15, 1984) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who appeared in one game for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1924. The 24-year-old right-hander stood 6'2" and weighed 169 lbs.

paragraph: On May 9, 1924, May came in to pitch the top of the 9th inning in a home game against the Boston Braves at Forbes Field. He pitched a scoreless inning, with one strikeout, but the Pirates lost 10-7. His lifetime ERA stands at 0.00.

paragraph: His manager was future Hall of Famer Bill McKechnie. Other notable teammates who would one day be members of the Baseball Hall of Fame were Max Carey, Kiki Cuyler, Rabbit Maranville, and Pie Traynor.

paragraph: May died in his hometown of Bakersfield, California at the age of 84.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baseball Reference

paragraph: BULLET::::- Retrosheet

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Buckshot May

wikipedia_title: Buckshot May


text:
Norwegian
Vamp
Torbjørn Økland
Kolbein Falkeid
The Color of Milk
carpenter

categories: 1960 births,Living people,21st-century violinists,Norwegian violinists,Male violinists,21st-century male musicians

paragraph: Øyvind Staveland

paragraph: Øyvind Staveland (born May 20, 1960) was the founder of the Norwegian band Vamp together with Torbjørn Økland in 1991.

paragraph: Staveland has composed the music for the majority of Vamps hits throughout the years including "Tir n'a noir", "Harry", "Sitte å tenke", "Ba", "Månemannen" and "Kim du nå va" (also lyrics for the latter). He has closely worked with his neighbor, the poet Kolbein Falkeid for the lyrics to Vamp song.

paragraph: His son Odin Aarvik Staveland has written the music amongst others to "The Color of Milk" (original title "Ikke naken" also known as "Neither Naked nor Dressed").

paragraph: As a musician, He is a versatile musician playing the violin, viola, accordion and flute in addition to vocals.

paragraph: Before being involved in music, he was working as a carpenter.

description: Norwegian musician

wikidata_label: Øyvind Staveland

wikipedia_title: Øyvind Staveland


text:
FRS
Cambridge Apostle
Calcutta
George Cotton
isostasy
cholera
Ghazipur
Josiah Pratt
St Mary Woolnoth
Oakham School
Caius College, Cambridge
William Hopkins
wrangler
Mathematical Tripos
Harvey Goodwin
Bishop of Carlisle
East India Company
Daniel Wilson
Bishop Cotton
George Francis Brown
Bhagalpur
Colesworthey Grant
cholera
Ghazipur
Robert Milman
St. Paul's Cathedral, Calcutta
Isaac Todhunter
Andrew Scott Waugh
Great Trigonometrical Survey
Schiehallion
George Airy
William Hopkins
Samuel Haughton
cantilever bridge
Siddhānta Shiromani
Edward Byles Cowell
H.T. Colebrooke
Baden Powell
Eclectic Society

categories: 19th-century English mathematicians,1809 births,People educated at Oakham School,19th-century English Anglican priests,Fellows of the Royal Society,Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge,19th-century English writers,British East India Company people,1871 deaths

paragraph: John Pratt (Archdeacon of Calcutta)

paragraph: John Henry Pratt FRS (4 June 1809 – 28 December 1871) was a British clergyman, astronomer and mathematician. A Cambridge Apostle, he joined the British East India Company in 1838 as a chaplain and later became Archdeacon of Calcutta. Although nominated as Bishop of Calcutta, the decision was rescinded at the last moment with George Cotton being appointed to the position. A gifted mathematician who worked on problems of geodesy and earth science, he was approached by the Surveyor General of India to examine the errors in surveys resulting from the attraction of the plumb-line to the mass of the Himalayan mountains. This led him to develop a theory based on a fluid earth of crustal balance which became the basis for the isostasy principle. He died in India of cholera while on a visit to Ghazipur.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Pratt was the second son of Josiah Pratt and Elizabeth née Jowett. His exact date of birth is debated and it is thought that he was born in London as he was baptised on 30 June 1809 at St Mary Woolnoth. His early schooling was at Oakham School under the tutelage of Dr Doncaster. He then went to Caius College, Cambridge and was a student of William Hopkins. He graduated B.A., third wrangler (after Alexander Ellice and Joseph Bowstead) in the Mathematical Tripos 1833, was elected to a fellowship, and proceeded M.A. in 1836. For a while he stayed at Cambridge and gave private tuitions. One of his students was Harvey Goodwin, later Bishop of Carlisle. While at Cambridge he wrote a book called "Mathematical Principles of Mechanical Philosophy" (1836, second edition 1845) which described mathematical applications in gravitational physics.

paragraph: Pratt was appointed a chaplain of the East India Company through his father's influence on Bishop Daniel Wilson in 1838. He became Wilson's domestic chaplain, and in 1850 was appointed Archdeacon of Calcutta. The leisure allowed during his position in India allowed him to pursue mathematics although he noted that it was difficult to work alone and led to long exchanges in the journals of learned societies in Britain. When Bishop Wilson died in 1858, he was nominated for the position of Bishop. He was approved with the influence of Lord Shaftesbury on Lord Palmerston but it was shortly after decided in the wake of the 1857 uprising that no appointee known for missionary work should be appointed. The chosen appointee was instead Bishop Cotton. They held each other in high esteem. In 1864 an order was passed by the Secretary of State in India to retire chaplains after twenty-five years (earlier unlimited). An exception was made for Pratt and he was extended from October 1867 to March 1869 based on pleas from Bishop Cotton. When Pratt wished to resign in 1869, the Secretary of State extended his service to October 1872. After the death of Bishop Cotton in 1866, Pratt started a Hill Schools' Nomination Endowment Fund to help support Bishop Cotton's scheme of starting schools in the pleasant climate of the hills for the benefit of the children of poorer English residents in India who could not afford an education in England. Pratt married Hannah Maria Brown, daughter of George Francis Brown, a Bengal Civil Servant, at Bhagalpur on 6 March 1854. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1866. Pratt served as president of the Calcutta Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals founded by Colesworthey Grant in 1861. He died from cholera when he was on a visit to Ghazipur, India, on 28 December 1871. At the instigation of Bishop Robert Milman, a memorial to Pratt was erected in St. Paul's Cathedral, Calcutta.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Pratt was the author of "Mathematical Principles of Mechanical Philosophy" (1836), subsequently expanded and renamed "On Attractions, Laplace's Functions and the Figure of the Earth" (1860, 1861, and 1865). This work, known as "Pratt's Mechanical Philosophy", had the full title: "The Mathematical Principles of Mechanical Philosophy and their application to Elementary Mechanics and Architecture, but chiefly to The Theory of Universal Gravitation", a textbook of some 600 pages. It included the computations of the shape of the earth. The oblate spheroid and its deformation according to the assumption of a fluid being rotated. Part of his work was extensively used verbatim by Isaac Todhunter in his "Treatise on Analytical Statics" (1853).

paragraph: Even as he travelled to India in 1838 aboard the "Duke of Buccleugh" he conducted experiments to examine currents in the ocean and measured temperatures at various depths. While in India, Pratt was approached by Andrew Scott Waugh, Surveyor General of India who succeeded George Everest, to examine the gravitational anomaly caused by the Himalayas on the plumbline which resulted in errors in the Great Trigonometrical Survey. Pratt estimated the deviation of the plumbline that would be expected by the mass of the mountains (based on density estimated in 1772 at Mount Schiehallion in Scotland) but the observed deviations were much less. He propounded a theory that the density of the mountains was less than that of the underlying substrate. It was also noticed that the deviations of the plumbline were greater at the foot of the mountain and reduced as one moved away from the mountain. George Airy came up with the explanation that the roots of the mountain go deep into the earth. He compared it with a heap of logs in water and suggested that when a log juts higher above the water, a greater amount of it must be submerged. Pratt on the other hand suggested that there was a lower density under mountains below sea-level (actually refined later and termed the depth of compensation) and that this is offset by the mass above sea-level. Pratt's explanation assumes a variation in density whereas Airy assumes a constant crustal density. Pratt found fault with Airy's idea as it assumed a thinner crust (10 miles) than that estimated by William Hopkins (800 to 1000 miles) and also that the crust is lighter. Pratt said that the crust cools from the solid interior and should therefore be denser. Airy did not defend his view but Samuel Haughton used the debate to claim that mathematics was a useless tool for speculation. Pratt suggested that the crust would be depressed in the cooler parts of the world and suggested that the plumb deflection was caused by anomalous high density in the oceans south of the Himalayas. Pratt also applied his knowledge of physics and mathematics to a number of applications in India on which he was consulted by engineers. He examined arches, the physics involved in the sudden movement of a mass of water such as in the Indus floods of 1858 and in the bore of the Hooghly river, and computed the iron required for cantilever bridges.

paragraph: Pratt took a great interest in Hindu Astronomy and supported the translation of the "Siddhānta Shiromani" aiding its publication by the authors Lancelot Wilkinson and Pandit Bapu Deva Sastri in 1863. In response to a question from Professor Edward Byles Cowell on how H.T. Colebrooke had come up with an age for the Vedas. He worked out the calculations based on astronomical references, finding some errors in Colebrooke and came up with the suggestion that it could be either around 1181 or 1229 BC. Pratt however felt that both Indian and Arab astronomy had failed to build a mathematical of physical framework and that their only major achievement was the ability to predict eclipses and even these he considered as being imprecise.

paragraph: In 1849, Pratt and his brother wrote a memoir on their father. In 1856, Pratt published a book entitled "Scripture and Science not at Variance", which went through numerous editions; It was first written to counter a statement by Baden Powell that "all geology is contrary to Scripture" and then went on to counter other scientific theories including that of evolution that were thoughtconflict with the Bible. and, in 1865, edited from his father's manuscript 'Eclectic Notes, or Notes of Discussion on Religious Topics at the Meetings of the Eclectic Society, London, during the years 1798–1814. He also published a "Paraphrase of the revelation of Saint John" (1862).

paragraph: A Pratt School for girls was founded in his memory in Calcutta in 1876 by Bishop Milman. This school is located on A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, and is now known as the Pratt Memorial School.

description: British mathematician

wikidata_label: John Henry Pratt

wikipedia_title: John Pratt (Archdeacon of Calcutta)


text: Admiral

text: Royal Navy

text: Royal Navy

text: Anglo-Egyptian War

text: Captain

text: Home Fleet

text: Torpedo

text: World War I

text: Alverstoke

text: Hampshire

categories: 1865 births,Royal Navy admirals of World War I,Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath,1937 deaths

paragraph: Edward Charlton (Royal Navy officer)

paragraph: Admiral Sir Edward Francis Benedict Charlton (21 March 1865 – 23 October 1937) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander-in-Chief, Cape of Good Hope Station.

paragraph: Section::::Naval career.

paragraph: Charlton joined the Royal Navy in 1878 and served in the Anglo-Egyptian War in 1882. Promoted to Captain in 1903, he was made Captain (Destroyers) in the Home Fleet in 1904. He went on to be Assistant Director of Torpedoes from 1911. He served in World War I as Admiral Commanding East Coast Minesweepers from 1914 and then as Commander-in-Chief, Cape of Good Hope Station from 1916. After the War he became Flag Officer commanding the East Coast of England. He retired in 1924.

paragraph: He lived at Eastern House in Alverstoke in Hampshire.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1903 he married Laura Mary Strutt; they had three daughters. In 1910 he married Winifred Mary Stapleton-Bretherton; they had two sons and three daughters.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Dreadnought Project - Edward Charlton (Royal Navy officer)

description: Royal Navy admiral

wikidata_label: Edward Charlton

wikipedia_title: Edward Charlton (Royal Navy officer)


text:
Shin
primate
Pagan Kingdom
Thaton Kingdom
Anawrahta
Alaungsithu
Theravada Buddhism
Mahavihara school
Ceylon
mainland Southeast Asia
Maha Yazawin
Hmannan Yazawin
Thaton Kingdom
Mon
Pagan
Hinduism
Mon
Manuha
Ari Buddhism
ius primae noctis
scriptures
nat (spirit)
Ceylon
sangha
Saw Lu
Kyansittha
Alaungsithu
Alaungsithu
Shin Panthagu
Tantric
Saivite
Vaishnava
Mahayana Buddhist
Vishnu
Than Tun
Mahavihara school
Ceylon
Kanchipuram
Tamil nadu
Dhammapala
Shin Uttarajiva
schism
Chola
Khmer Empire

categories: 1030s births,1115 deaths,Pagan dynasty,Burmese Buddhist monks,Theravada Buddhist monks

paragraph: Shin Arahan

paragraph: The Venerable Shin Arahan ( ; formally, Dhammadassī Mahāthera, ; 1034 – 1115) was primate of the Pagan Kingdom from 1056 to 1115. The monk, a native of Thaton Kingdom, was the religious adviser to four Pagan kings from Anawrahta to Alaungsithu. He is credited with converting Anawrahta to Theravada Buddhism, and overseeing the subsequent reformation of the Buddhist school throughout the kingdom. However, evidence strongly suggests that the Theravada Buddhism of Shin Arahan and early Pagan was one strongly influenced by Hinduism as compared to later more orthodox standards. Within 75 years of Shin Arahan's death, the Buddhism of Pagan would be realigned with the Mahavihara school of Ceylon although his Conjeveram-Thaton school lasted 200 more years before finally dying out.

paragraph: Nonetheless, his conversion of Anawrahta is viewed as a key turning point in the history of Theravada Buddhism. The powerful king's embrace greatly helped stabilize the Buddhist school, which had hitherto been in retreat elsewhere in South and Southeast Asia. The success of Pagan Empire made the Buddhist school's later spread in mainland Southeast Asia in the 13th and 14th centuries possible.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: "The story of Shin Arahan first appeared in the chronicle Maha Yazawin of 1724, and was repeated in the chronicle Hmannan Yazawin of 1832. Although some modern historians have vigorously questioned the accuracy of the story, most historians continue to accept the story as a genuine artifact of Burmese tradition."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Visit to Pagan.

paragraph: According to the tradition, Shin Arahan was a Theravada Buddhist monk from Thaton Kingdom. "(His origins are unclear. The Burmese chronicles report that Shin Arahan was born of a Brahmin’s virgin wife. He is generally believed to be of Mon descent though when asked, he did not say that he was Mon; instead he replied that he was of the race of Buddha and that he followed Buddha’s dhamma.)"

paragraph: At 22, he left for the northern kingdom of Pagan because was dissatisfied with the decaying state of Theravada Buddhism, and an increasing influence of Hinduism at Thaton. The Mon chronicles corroborate the story, hinting that King Manuha of Thaton was reprehensible for making a compromise with Hinduism. At Pagan, the young monk met the king of Pagan, Anawrahta, and converted him to Theravada Buddhism from his native Ari Buddhism. The king had been dissatisfied with the state of Buddhism at Pagan. He considered the Ari monks, who ate evening meals, drank liquor, presided over animal sacrifices, and enjoyed a form of "ius primae noctis", depraved.

paragraph: It turned out to be a perfect partnership. Shin Arahan found in Anawrahta a powerful monarch that could help implement his dream of purifying the religion. Anawrahta found in Theravada Buddhism, a substitute to break the power of the clergy, and in Shin Arahan, a guide who could help him accomplish it.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Reforms.

paragraph: From 1056 onwards, Anawrahta, under Arahan's guidance, implemented a series of religious reforms throughout his kingdom. The reforms gained steam after Pagan's conquest of Thaton, which brought much needed scriptures and clergy from the vanquished kingdom. Shin Arahan housed the scriptures in the Tripitikataik library, which is still to be seen at Pagan.

paragraph: Anawrahta broke the power of the Ari monks first by declaring that his court would no longer heed if people ceased to yield their children to the priests. Those who were in bondage of the priests gained freedom. Some of the monks simply disrobed or followed the new way. But the majority of the monks who had wielded power for so long would not go down easily. Anawrahta banished them in numbers; many of them fled to Popa Hill and the Shan Hills. (However, the Aris did not die out. Their descendants, known as forest dwelling monks, remained a powerful force patronized by the royalty down to the Ava period in the 16th century. Likewise, the nat (spirit) worship continued down to the present day.)

paragraph: Next, Shin Arahan, who deemed the Thaton Buddhism itself was impure, helped revitalize a more orthodox form of Theravada Buddhism by inviting Buddhist scholars from neighboring states to Pagan. Under his guidance, Anawrahta invited scholars from the Mon lands and Ceylon, as well as India where Buddhist monks were fleeing the Muslim conquerors. The scholarship helped revitalize a more orthodox form of Theravada Buddhism.

paragraph: He also oversaw the training of the sangha and founding of over a thousand monasteries across the kingdom in order to spread the religion. He traveled extensively across the kingdom, as far down as Tenasserim.

paragraph: When his royal patron Anawrahta died in 1077, the reforms Shin Arahan helped initiate had been in place for some two decades. He stayed on as the religious adviser for the next three kings--Saw Lu, Kyansittha and Alaungsithu, and assisted in their coronation ceremonies.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: Shin Arahan died at age 80 (81st year) in 1115, during the reign Alaungsithu at Pagan. He was succeeded as primate by his student Shin Panthagu.

paragraph: Section::::Buddhism of Shin Arahan.

paragraph: Historians contend that even the reformed religion of Shin Arahan, Anawrahta and other Pagan kings was one still strongly influenced by Hinduism when compared to later more orthodox (18th and 19th century) standards. Tantric, Saivite, and Vaishnava elements enjoyed greater elite influence than they would later do, reflecting both the relative immaturity of early Burmese literacy culture and its indiscriminate receptivity to non-Burman traditions. Indeed, even today's Burmese Buddhism contains many animist, Mahayana Buddhist and Hindu elements. They also question Shin Arahan's contribution to the reformation (purification) of the religion, raising doubt that the Buddhism of Thaton was more rigid than that in Pagan.

paragraph: Indeed, evidence for the reform attested to him cannot be found at Pagan. The evidence, if anything, points in the opposite direction. The monk advocated for a stronger link between Burmese Buddhism and the Hindu god Vishnu. The frescoes in of Nandaminnya Temple, which Shin Arahan dedicated, in Pagan are "patently Ari". The full range of stories in Burmese cultural memory demonstrates that his reform was not so neat and tidy as the post-medieval narrative suggests. Burmese historian Than Tun writes: “Buddhism during the Buddha’s lifetime was in a sense pure, but as time went by it was modified to suit the time and place. Burma is no exception.”

paragraph: Indeed, within the century of Shin Arahan's death, the Buddhism of Pagan would be realigned with the Mahavihara school of Ceylon, away from his Conjeveram-Thaton school. (The Conjeveram school originated in Kanchipuram, Tamil nadu in 5th century AD, based on the writings of monk Dhammapala.) By 1192, the Mahavihara school became the predominant school of Burmese Buddhism by the efforts of Shin Uttarajiva. But Shin Arahan's order did not yield easily. The schism lasted two centuries before Shin Arahan's Conjeveram Buddhism finally died out.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The Theravada Buddhism of Shin Arahan might not be as pure as the Burmese cultural memory recalls but his legacy looms large in Burmese history nonetheless. His conversion of Anawrahta is seen as a key turning point. The powerful king's embrace of Theravada Buddhism greatly helped stabilize the Buddhist school, which had been retreat elsewhere in South and Southeast Asia until then. In 1071, Ceylon, the birthplace of Theravada Buddhism, had to ask Pagan, which became Theravada only some 15 years earlier, for the religious texts because their war with the Hindu Cholas had wiped out the entire clergy base. In Southeast Asia, only Pagan was Theravadin. The other mainland power, Khmer Empire, was Hindu. The patronage of Pagan Empire provided the Buddhist school with a safe shelter, and made its spread to Siam, Laos and Cambodia in the 13th and 14th centuries possible.

description: primate of the Pagan Kingdom

wikidata_label: Shin Arahan

wikipedia_title: Shin Arahan


text:
William Young
East Indiamen
Lloyd's
Member of Parliament
Tynemouth and North Shields
1832 general election
Charles Edward Grey
1837 general election
Scarborough
1852
Sir Frederick Young

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,UK MPs 1835–1837,1791 births,1870 deaths,UK MPs 1847–1852,UK MPs 1837–1841,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies

paragraph: George Frederick Young

paragraph: George Frederick Young (1791 - 23 February 1870) was an English shipbuilder and politician.

paragraph: He was born the second son of Vice-Admiral William Young and his wife Ann Curling, the daughter of a shipbuilder. He became a leading partner in Curling, Young & Co. of London, constructors of East Indiamen and passenger steamships, and later developed interests in Lloyd's and the colonization of New Zealand.

paragraph: George was Member of Parliament (MP) for Tynemouth and North Shields 1832-1838. He was the first member elected for the newly created constituency in the 1832 general election, and lost his seat to Charles Edward Grey on 23 February 1838 as a result of a petition following the 1837 general election. He was later MP for Scarborough 1851-1852.

paragraph: His son Sir Frederick Young was a traveller and writer.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: George Frederick Young

wikipedia_title: George Frederick Young


text:
French
Belgium
German
Fougères
Brittany
Université Libre de Bruxelles
Brussels
Série noire
crime fiction

categories: Women crime fiction writers,1963 births,Belgian women writers,Belgian writers in French,French women novelists,Living people,Belgian crime fiction writers

paragraph: Pascale Fonteneau

paragraph: Pascale Fonteneau (born April 29, 1963) is a French-born journalist and novelist in Belgium.

paragraph: The daughter of a French father and a German mother, she was born in Fougères in Brittany, was educated at the Université Libre de Bruxelles and lives in Brussels.

paragraph: She was one of the founding members of Passa Porta, the international house of literature in Brussels. Fonteneau has been employed in the organization of various festivals and in the management of cultural projects.

paragraph: Fonteneau was one of the first female authors to be included in the Série noire crime fiction series.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.:Novels.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Confidences sur l’escalier" Série noire (1992), also translated into Swedish and Japanese

paragraph: BULLET::::- "États de lame" Série noire (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Fils perdus de Sylvie Derjike" Série noire (1995), also translated into German

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Otto" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Puissance du désordre" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Vanité des pions" Série noire (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "TGV, Le Grand Miroir" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Crois-moi" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jour de gloire" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Contretemps" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1275 ares" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Propriétés privées" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Propriétés privées" (2010)

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.:Short story collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Curieux sentiments" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Du debut à la fin" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De long en large" (2006)

description: French journalist and writer

wikidata_label: Pascale Fonteneau

wikipedia_title: Pascale Fonteneau


text:
Australian rules football
Melbourne Football Club
Victorian Football League
Victorian Football Association
Alf Healing

categories: Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia),Melbourne Football Club players,1945 deaths,1868 births,Melbourne Football Club (VFA) players

paragraph: Alf Healing

paragraph: Alfred George Healing (23 August 1868 – 18 February 1945) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and Victorian Football Association (VFA). Healing was the founder of A. G. Healing Ltd. one of the largest manufacturing companies in Australia at the time of his death in 1945.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alf Healing on Demonwiki

description: Australian rules footballer

wikidata_label: Alf Healing

wikipedia_title: Alf Healing


text: Royal Copenhagen

text: Næstved

text: Frederiksberg

text: Vilhelm Hammershøi

text: Copenhagen Technical College

text: Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts

text: Kunstnernes Frie Studieskoler

text: Kristian Zahrtmann

text: Valby

text: Thorvald Bindesbøll

text: Herman A. Kähler

text: Bing & Grøndahl

text: Berlin

text: Dresden

text: Oxford

text: Wells

text: Oxford

text: First World War

text: Kronborg

text: Vordingborg

text: Royal Institute of British Architects

text: London

text: Copenhagen

text: Solbjerg Park Cemetery

text: Frederiksberg

text: Order of the Dannebrog

text: Thorvaldsen Medal

text: Øregaard Museum

text: Hellerup

text: Næstved Museum

text: Skovgaard Museum

categories: Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog,Designers from Copenhagen,Danish male painters,People from Frederiksberg,19th-century Danish painters,Danish silversmiths,Artists from Copenhagen,1948 deaths,20th-century Danish painters,1873 births,Danish ceramists,Artisans from Copenhagen,Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni

paragraph: Svend Hammershøi

paragraph: Svend Hammershøi (10 August 1873 – 27 February 1948) was a Danish painter and ceramist. He is remembered principally for the classical pottery designs he contributed to the Royal Copenhagen ("Kongelige Porcelainsfabrik") and to Kähler's Ceramics Factory ("Kählers Keramiske Værksted") in Næstved.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, he was the younger brother of the painter Vilhelm Hammershøi (1864–1916) who was a strong source of influence and inspiration. After a preparatory period at the Copenhagen Technical College, he studied painting at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts from 1890 to 1892, after which he spent a further five years at Kunstnernes Frie Studieskoler, the artists school operated by Kristian Zahrtmann.

paragraph: From the age of 14, Hammershøi had been interested in ceramics. In 1888, he began to decorate porcelain at Kjøbenhavns Lervarefabrik in Valby where from 1890 to 1905 he worked together with Thorvald Bindesbøll. He also spent two lengthy periods with Herman A. Kähler in Næstved, in addition to assignments at the Kongelige Porcelainsfabrik and Bing & Grøndahl. When Bindesbøll died in 1908, Hammershøi lost interest in ceramics and turned back to painting, concentrating on landscapes, initially sketches and watercolours, later oils. Hammershøi traveled to Berlin in 1894, to Dresden in 1896-97. On a study grant, he moved to England in 1910 where he spent the next four years creating architectural paintings of Oxford and Wells. From 1910 until 1933 he was almost annually in Oxford. He returned to Denmark during the First World War painting Kronborg, Gåsetårnet in Vordingborg and scenes of Copenhagen's old town.

paragraph: He exhibited at the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts in Paris during 1925 and at Royal Institute of British Architects in London in 1927. Hammershøi also published a biography: "Thorvald Bindesbøll in Memoriam, 1846-1946". He died during 1948 in  Copenhagen and was buried at Solbjerg Park Cemetery in Frederiksberg.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: In 1925, Hammershøi (together with Holger Kyster) was awarded a gold medal at the International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts in Paris for his silverware.

paragraph: Hammershøi became a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1925 and in 1944 he received the Thorvaldsen Medal.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: While Hammershøi's ceramics have long been appreciated, his paintings have been overshadowed by those of his brother Vilhelm. Recently, however, international interest has grown in his scenes of nature and architecture, generally painted in the open air. His paintings often carry a sombre golden tone, creating a rather mystical impression of trees and buildings.

paragraph: In 2008, Øregaard Museum in Hellerup (in conjunction with Næstved Museum and Skovgaard Museum) presented an extensive exhibition of Svend Hammershøi's work. Consisting of over a hundred artefacts, it included drawings, paintings, ceramics and silverware.

description: Danish painter and ceramist

wikidata_label: Svend Hammershøi

wikipedia_title: Svend Hammershøi


text:
Abbot
Buckfast Abbey
Dissolution of the Monasteries
City of London
belvedere
Stow
Grocer
Rousdon
Axminster
Pole
St Bernard's College, Oxford
Stratford Langthorne
Leuven
Antwerp
Henry Phillips
William Tyndale
Thomas Cromwell
Buckfastleigh
Thomas Dennis
Holcombe Burnell
Bishop of London
St. Paul's Cathedral
advowson
Grantham Church
Henry Harvey
Trinity Hall, Cambridge
Trinity Hall, Cambridge
Sir John Donne
Hans Memling
National Gallery

categories: English Cistercians,1558 deaths,Year of birth missing,People from Devon,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: Gabriel Donne

paragraph: Gabriel Donne or Dunne (died 1558) was an English Cistercian monk and was the last Abbot of Buckfast Abbey in Devon, before the Dissolution of the Monasteries.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was a son of Sir Angel Donne (d.1505/6), an Alderman of the City of London, resident in 1506 in Bassishaw ward. His London house was notable for a belvedere tower of brick, which was mentioned by Stow in his "Survey of London" (1598). His will was dated 21 October 1505, in which he describes himself as a Citizen of London, a Grocer and a merchant of the Staple of Calais. He desired to be buried in "Our Lady Chapel, St. Margaret Patens, London" and left 200 marks to found a chapel for St. John in the churchyard, whence his body was to be removed. He bequeathed his wife "Anne Dune" one-third of his estate, as was usual for widows, and an additional £100 and household stuff. He gave another third to his minor children Edward, Francis and Elizabeth. The two sons were given an additional £100. Later on in his will he left his son Gabriell £10 to be used to school him at Cambridge or Oxford." Probate was granted on 9 December 1506.

paragraph: Donne is said by some sources to be descended from the family anciently called "Downe", seated at the manor of "Doune Raph" or "Downe-Ralph", etc. later called "Rowsedown", today called Rousdon near Axminster in Devon. However the arms used by the family of "Doune of Doune Raph" given by the Devon historian Pole (d.1635) are: "Paly of six argent and azure on a fesse gules three mullets or", not the same as the Wolf arms of Gabriel Donne visible on the roof of Trinity Hall, Cambridge.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was admitted a member of St Bernard's College, Oxford, a house for student monks of his order, and proceeded M.A. He afterwards entered the Cistercian house of Stratford Langthorne, Essex. On 26 October 1521 he presented himself before his university as a supplicant for the degree of B.D., but was apparently not admitted.

paragraph: He was a student, pretended or real, at Leuven in 1535, went to Antwerp in the disguise of a servant to Henry Phillips, and there planned with the latter the arrest of William Tyndale, which took place in the city on 23 or 24 May in the same year. He assisted in preparing the case against Tyndale. On his return to England he obtained by the influence of Thomas Cromwell, then secretary of state, the abbacy of the house of his order at Buckfastleigh in his native Devon, at that time in the patronage of Vesey, bishop of Exeter, a bitter persecutor of the reformers. He appeared as abbot of that house in the convocation of June 1536, and subscribed the articles then agreed upon. Within two years of his election he alienated much of the monastic property, and on 25 Feb 1538-9, despite the solemn oaths he had taken, he, with nine others of his religious, surrendered his abbey into the hands of Henry VIII. On the following 26 April he was rewarded with the large pension of £120, which he enjoyed till his death. The site of the abbey was granted by the king to Sir Thomas Dennis, knight, of Holcombe Burnell in the same county, who had married Donne's sister Elizabeth. Donne became prebendary of Mapesbury in St. Paul's Cathedral on 16 March 1540-1 and was instituted to the sinecure rectory of Stepney, Middlesex, 25 October 1544. On the deprivation of Bonner, Bishop of London, in September 1549, Donne, then one of the canons residentiary of St. Paul's Cathedral, was appointed by Archbishop Cranmer to be his official and keeper of the spiritualities, to exercise all manner of episcopal jurisdiction in the City and Diocese of London, which office he continued to fill until Ridley became bishop in April 1550. In making such an appointment Cranmer was probably acting to his own advantage, for he had all along been kept well informed of the part Donne had taken in the betrayal of Tyndale (see letter of Thomas Tebolde to the archbishop, dated 31 July 1535, in 'Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII,' Cal. State Papers, viii. 1151).

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: Donne died on 5 December 1558 and was buried on the 9th of that month in St. Paul's Cathedral, near the high altar.

paragraph: Section::::Bequests.

paragraph: His will, dated 5 February 1557-8, with a codicil dated 5 December 1558, was proved on 14 December 1558. He owned the advowson of Grantham Church, Lincolnshire. He gave 'to the late Barnard Colledge in Oxforde soche nomber of my bookes as myne executors shall thinke god.' 'The residue of my goodds and chattells (yf any shalbe) I require myne executors to bestowe at theire discretions to the advauncemente of poore maidens marriages, releef of scolleres and students, specially to soche as myne executors shall thinke metest as shal be towarde lerninge disposed to be preestes and ministers of Christis Churche.' One of his executors was Henry Harvey, LL.D., precentor of St. Paul's (1554), and afterwards master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge (1559).

paragraph: Section::::Bequests.:Donne Scholarship, Trinity Hall.

paragraph: At his instance £120 was received under this bequest by Trinity Hall, Cambridge, which was applied to the foundation of a scholarship and feast. The "Gabriel Downe Scholarship" still exists, and his arms, "Azure, a wolf rampant argent a chief of the last", are visible as one of 15 oval escutcheons of various benefactors of the college on the coffered ceiling of Trinity Hall Chapel. The arms of Sir John Donne (died 1503), a Welsh courtier, diplomat and soldier, a notable figure of the Yorkist party, were "Azure, a wolf rampant argent", as visible on the "Donne Triptych" (c.1470) by Hans Memling in the National Gallery, London.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Goodwin, Gordon, biography of "Donne, Gabriel", Dictionary of National Biography, Vol.15, London, 1885–1900

description: English Cistercian monk

wikidata_label: Gabriel Donne

wikipedia_title: Gabriel Donne


text:
Byzantine
porphyrogenita
Zoe
Romanos III Argyros
Battle of Azaz
Michael IV the Paphlagonian
Constantine IX Monomachos
magistros
Damian Dalassenos
doux
Antioch
death in battle
Fatimids
Apamea
Theophylact
Arab
Yahya of Antioch
Cairo
patrikios
Constantine VIII
Zoe
Armeniac Theme
Constantinople
Battle of Azaz
Matthew of Edessa
Michael IV the Paphlagonian
Michael V
Anatolia
Doukai
Constantine X Doukas
Michael Psellos
John the Orphanotrophos
Sea of Marmara
Walls of Constantinople
Abasgia
monk
Michael Attaleiates
Theodora
Constantine Monomachos

categories: Generals of Basil II,Byzantine prisoners of war,11th-century deaths,Prisoners and detainees of the Byzantine Empire,Dalassenos family,10th-century births,11th-century Byzantine people,Patricii,Byzantine people of the Arab–Byzantine wars,Byzantine prisoners and detainees,Byzantine governors of Antioch,Byzantine generals

paragraph: Constantine Dalassenos (duke of Antioch)

paragraph: Constantine Dalassenos () was a prominent Byzantine aristocrat of the first half of the 11th century. An experienced and popular general, he came close to ascending the imperial throne by marriage to the "porphyrogenita" Empress Zoe () in 1028. He accompanied the man Zoe did marry, Emperor Romanos III Argyros (), on campaign and was blamed by some chroniclers for Romanos' humiliating defeat at the Battle of Azaz.

paragraph: He suffered a long period of imprisonment under Michael IV the Paphlagonian (), who feared that Dalassenos plotted against him. When Michael's successor was deposed in 1042, Zoe invited Dalassenos to an audience with a view to marrying him and making him emperor; displeased by his haughty manner she chose a more pliant man, Constantine IX Monomachos.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Constantine may have been born at some point between 965 and 970. He was the eldest son of the "magistros" Damian Dalassenos, who held the important post of "doux" of Antioch from 995 or 996 until his death in battle against the Fatimids at Apamea in 998. Constantine, with his brothers Romanos and Theophylact, was also present at the battle. He was probably one of the two sons of the "magistros" who, according to the Christian Arab historian Yahya of Antioch, were captured by the Fatimids, taken to Cairo, and ransomed only in 1008.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:High rank.

paragraph: Constantine's career between 1008 and 1024 is unknown, but historians speculate he probably held a succession of military commands. He reappears in spring 1024, when he held his father's old post as "doux" of Antioch, with the rank of "patrikios", the Empire's senior honorific title, which was limited to a small number of holders. He enjoyed the favour of Emperor Constantine VIII (). The Dalassenoi were one of the few powerful patrician families who had been unswervingly loyal to the Macedonian dynasty. On his deathbed, Constantine summoned Dalassenos to marry his oldest daughter Zoe. Constantine Dalassenos set out from his estates in the Armeniac Theme, but before reaching Constantinople the situation changed: the Emperor's advisors, who preferred a weak ruler whom they could control, had persuaded the dying Emperor to choose Romanos III Argyros instead. Dalassenos was ordered to return home.

paragraph: Under Romanos III, Dalassenos served as a commander in the 1030 campaign against the Emir of Aleppo which concluded in the Battle of Azaz. After the Byzantine scouts were ambushed, Dalassenos led an attack against the Arabs, but was defeated, and fled back to the camp. That night Dalassenos took part in an imperial council at which the demoralised Byzantines resolved to abandon the campaign and return to Byzantine territory. Romanos also ordered his siege engines to be burned. On 10August 1030 the army abandoned its camp and marched for Antioch. Discipline broke down in the Byzantine army, with Armenian mercenaries using the withdrawal as an opportunity to pillage the camp's stores. The Emir launched an attack and the imperial army broke and fled. Both Dalassenos and Romanos had close escapes during the rout; according to the chronicler Yahya, two senior commanders were killed and another captured. Arab sources and the chronicle of Matthew of Edessa blame Dalassenos and his conspiring against Romanos for the expedition's failure.

paragraph: During the reign of Argyros's successors, Michael IV the Paphlagonian () and Michael V (), Dalassenos emerged as the leader of the aristocratic opposition. Several prominent Anatolian families, notably the powerful Doukai, supported him; the later emperor Constantine X Doukas () was married to Dalassenos's daughter. According to historian Michael Psellos, Dalassenos also enjoyed strong support from the populace in Constantinople and especially in his old command, Antioch.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Fall.

paragraph: The accession of the low-born Michael IV reportedly enraged Dalassenos, who derided the new emperor as a vulgar and base-born. Consequently, Michael's eunuch brother and chief minister, John the Orphanotrophos, attempted to neutralise him. With the promise of titles and honours, he tried to lure Dalassenos from his estates in the Armeniac Theme to Constantinople. Dalassenos at first refused, but after receiving assurances for his safety, guaranteed by an oath on some of the Empire's holiest relics, he left for the imperial capital. Initially he was treated well, receiving a promotion and gifts, but in summer 1034 a revolt broke out in Antioch against the local governor, Michael IV's brother Niketas. The uprising was triggered by heavy taxation, but John the Orphanotrophos chose to blame it on the Dalassenoi: Constantine, his brothers and relatives and other nobles associated with them, including his son-in-law Constantine Doukas, were imprisoned or exiled.

paragraph: Constantine himself was first exiled to an island in the Sea of Marmara, but later, to prevent his escape, he was transferred to a tower in the Walls of Constantinople, along with Constantine Doukas, the future emperor. His military expertise, however, continued to be so highly valued that John the Orphanotrophos considered sending him to his brother Constantine as a military advisor in a campaign against Abasgia. However, the emperor saw him as an arch-enemy and he remained imprisoned. A later tradition has it that during Dalassenos's detention in the capital, Zoe, who had yet to conceive a child, carried out a secret relationship with him in hopes of getting pregnant. At some point in 1041 Constantine was also forced to become a monk. The accounts here are contradictory: Psellos writes that Michael V did this upon his accession in December, but Michael Attaleiates, in contrast, records that Michael V had Dalassenos liberated from confinement.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Marriage proposal.

paragraph: After Michael V was deposed in a popular uprising in April 1042, Constantine VIII's daughters Zoe and Theodora were left as "de facto" rulers of the Byzantine Empire. Following both custom and her own inclination, Zoe decided to choose another husband (her third), who would also become the new emperor. The elderly but still handsome Constantine Dalassenos, who had almost become her first husband in 1028, was her first choice. He was brought for an audience before the Empress, but during their conversation his independent and forceful manner displeased Zoe, and he was passed over in favour of the more pliant and amenable Constantine Artoklines, with whom Zoe was rumoured to have dallied a decade earlier. Artoklines' wife poisoned him before he could divorce her; Zoe married a third good-looking Constantine, Constantine Monomachos, who reigned as Constantine IX (). Constantine Dalassenos disappears thereafter from the sources.

description: Byzantine aristocrat and general

wikidata_label: Constantine Dalassenos


text: sentenced to death

text: Switzerland

text: Zurich

text: Obwalden

text: clemency

text: Sarnen

text: guillotine

text: Lucerne

text: last words

text: last meal

categories: People executed by guillotine,1908 births,People from Zürich,Executed Swiss people,People executed for murder,1940 deaths,People convicted of murder by Switzerland,People executed by Switzerland by decapitation

paragraph: Hans Vollenweider

paragraph: Hans Vollenweider (11 February 1908 – 18 October 1940) was a Swiss criminal. He was the last person to be sentenced to death by a civilian court in Switzerland and executed shortly after.

paragraph: Vollenweider was born in Zurich. In 1936, he committed a bank robbery and was sentenced to 2.5 years in prison. He remained incarcerated after his sentence was over, because he was considered dangerous. One day he was able to escape and after nine days he was captured on 23 June 1939. In these nine days, he had shot the driver "Hermann Zwyssig", the postman "Emil Stoll" and the policeman "Alois von Moos". After being held in several prisons in different cantons, the cantonal court of Obwalden sentenced him to death on 19 September 1940. Appeal and a request for clemency were rejected. In view of the fact that the death penalty in Switzerland was already scheduled to be abolished on 1 January 1942, the judgment was controversial.

paragraph: One month later, on the morning of 18 October 1940, Hans Vollenweider was executed in Sarnen in the workshop of the prison with a guillotine borrowed from Lucerne. The offender refused last words and last meal as well as spiritual support.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Die Geschichte der Todesstrafe in der Schweiz (History of the death penalty in Switzerland)

description: Swiss murderer

wikidata_label: Hans Vollenweider

wikipedia_title: Hans Vollenweider