text: Scottish

text: apologist

text: Mary, Queen of Scots

text: Dunfermline

text: Poitiers

text: Robert Reid

text: Bishop of Orkney

text: University of Paris

text: Toulouse

text: polemic

text: George Buchanan

text: John Knox

text: Elizabeth I of England

text: Samuel Jebb

text: accession

text: James VI of Scotland

text: Parlement of Paris

text: François de la Mothe le Vayer

text: Gabriel Naudé

categories: 16th-century Scottish people,16th-century male writers,1539 births,17th-century Roman Catholics,16th-century Scottish writers,17th-century Scottish writers,16th-century Roman Catholics,Scottish Roman Catholics,1613 deaths,People from Dunfermline,17th-century Scottish people,Scottish non-fiction writers

paragraph: Adam Blackwood

paragraph: Adam Blackwood (1539–1613) was a Scottish author and apologist for Mary, Queen of Scots.

paragraph: He was born in Dunfermline, Scotland and died in Poitiers, France.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Adam was orphaned at a young age and his education was sponsored by his great uncle, Robert Reid, Bishop of Orkney. Blackwood went to the University of Paris and then on to Toulouse to study civil law, with the direct patronage of Mary, Queen of Scots then in the French Court. In 1567-8 he was a rector of the University of Paris. Blackwood became a practicing lawyer in the "Parlement" at Poitiers, an appointment in the gift of Mary, awarded in 1579 after the publication of his first polemic, the "De Conjunctione Religionis et Imperii". According to his "Histoire" (1589), Blackwood visited Mary in England.

paragraph: Section::::Published works.

paragraph: Blackwood's major work was a critique of George Buchanan's dialogue "De Iure Regni apud Scotos", (1579), in which Buchanan had intended to justify to the forced abdication of Mary, Queen of Scots.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De Conjunctione religionis et imperii libro duo", Paris (1575), ("Two books on the union of Religion and temporal power")

paragraph: BULLET::::- The "Apology for Kings";

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adversus Georgii Buchanani dialogum, de iure regni apud Scotos pro regibus apologia", Poitiers (1581) & Paris (1588)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Histoire de la martyre de la royne de royne d'Escosse", Paris (1589)

paragraph: Section::::From DNB.

paragraph: After following the study of mathematics, philosophy, and oriental languages, he passed two years at Toulouse, reading civil law. On his return to Paris he begun to employ himself in teaching philosophy. In 1574 he published at Paris a eulogistic memorial poem on Charles IX of France, entitled "Caroli IX Pompa Funebris versiculis expressa per A. B. J.C" (Juris Consultum), and in 1575, also at Paris, a work on the relation between religion and government, entitled "De Vinculo ; seu Conjunctione Religionis et Imperii libri duo, quibus conjurationum traducuntur insidiæ nico religionis adumbratæ". A third book appeared in 1612. The work was dedicated to Queen Mary of Scotland, and, in keeping with his poem commemorating the author of the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was intended to demonstrate the necessity laid upon rulers to extirpate heresy as a phase of rebellion against a divinely constituted authority. The work was so highly esteemed by James Beaton, archbishop of Glasgow, that he recommended Queen Mary to bestow on him the office of counsellor or judge of the parliament of Poitiers, the province of Poitou having by letters patent from Henry III been assigned to her in payment of a dowry. Some misunderstanding regarding the nature of this office seems to have given rise to the statement of Mackenzie and others that Blackwood was professor of civil law at Poitiers.

paragraph: At Poitiers he collected an extensive library, and, encouraged by the success of his previous work, he set himself to the hard and ambitious task of grappling with George Buchanan, whose views he denounced with great bitterness and severity in "Apologia pro Regibus, adversus Georgii Buchanani Dialogum de Jure Regni apud Scotos", Pictavis, (1581) and Parisiis, (1588). During Queen Mary's captivity in England he paid her frequent visits, and was untiring in his efforts in her service.

paragraph: After her death he published a long exposure of her treatment in imprisonment, interspersed with passionate denunciations of her enemies, especially John Knox and Elizabeth I of England. The title of the work is "Martyre de la Royne d'Escosse, Douairiere de France; contenant le vray discours des traïsons à elle faictes à la suscitation d'Elizabet Angloise, par lequel les mensonges, calomnies, et faulses accusations dressées contre ceste tresvertueuse, trescatholique et tresillustre princesse son esclarcies et son innocence averse." The book bears to have been printed "à Edimbourg chez Jean Nafield, 1587", but the name is fictitious, and it was in reality printed at Paris. It was reprinted at Antwerp in 1588, and again in 1589, and is also included in Samuel Jebb's collection, "De Vita et Rebus gestis Mariae Scotorum Regime Autores sedecim," vol. ii., London, (1725).

paragraph: At the end of the "Martyre" there is a collection of verses in Latin, French, and Italian, on Mary and Elizabeth. A fragment of a translation of the work into English, the manuscript of which belongs to the end of the sixteenth or beginning of the seventeenth century, was published by the Maitland Club in 1834. The work contains no contribution of importance towards the settlement of the vexed question regarding the character of the unhappy queen, but is of special interest as a graphic presentment of the sentiments and feelings which her pitiable fate aroused in her devoted adherents.

paragraph: In 1606 Blackwood published a poem on the accession of James VI of Scotland to the English throne, entitled "Inauguratio Jacobi Magnæ Britauuitæ Regis", Paris, (1606). He was also the author of pious meditations in prose and verse, entitled "Sanctarum Precationum Procemia, seu mavis, Ejaciilationes Animae ad Uranduiu se pneparantis", Aug. Pict. 1598 and 1608; of a penitential study, "In Psalmum Davidis quinquagesimum, cujus initium est Miserere mei Deus, Adami Blacvodæi Meditatio", Aug. Pict. 1608; and of miscellaneous poems, "Varii generis Poemata, Pictavis", 1609. He died in 1613, and was buried in the St. Porcharius church at Poictiers, where a marble monument was erected to his memory. By his marriage to Catherine Courtinier, daughter of the "procureur de roi" of Poitiers, he left four sons and seven daughters. His daughter Helen Blackwood married then lawyer in the Parlement of Paris and future skeptic philosopher François de la Mothe le Vayer in 1622. His collected works in Latin and French appeared at Paris in 1644, with a life and eulogistic notice by Gabriel Naudé. The volume contains an engraved portrait of the author by Picart, in his official robes.

description: Scottish writer

wikidata_label: Adam Blackwood

wikipedia_title: Adam Blackwood


text:
Byzantine Greek
Thessalonica
Rome
Syntagma Canonum

categories: 14th-century Byzantine people,Byzantine clergy,14th-century deaths,14th-century jurists,Year of birth unknown,Greek Christian monks,Byzantine jurists,Byzantine Thessalonian writers,14th-century Byzantine writers,Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church

paragraph: Matthew Blastares

paragraph: Matthew Blastares was a 14th-century Byzantine Greek monk in Thessalonica and early scholarly opponent of reconciliation with Rome. He was also the writer of the "Syntagma Canonum".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

description: Byzantine-Greek monk

wikidata_label: Matthew Blastares

wikipedia_title: Matthew Blastares


text:
American football
outside linebacker
New England Patriots
National Football League
college football
University of Alabama
All-American
BCS National Championship
2012 NFL Draft
Super Bowl XLIX
Super Bowl LI
Super Bowl LIII
Lewisburg, Tennessee
Marshall County High School
high school football
tight end
defensive end
The Tennessean
San Antonio, Texas
Rivals.com
Auburn
Georgia Tech
Tennessee
Vanderbilt
University of Alabama
Nick Saban
Alabama Crimson Tide football
true freshmen
2008
3–4 defense
Rolando McClain
Tulane
LSU
2009 season
Arkansas
cut block
anterior cruciate ligament
True freshman
Nico Johnson
redshirt
2010 season
2011
Associated Press
AFCA
Walter Camp
Rivals.com
Pro Football Weekly
Lombardi Award
Chuck Bednarik Award
Butkus Award
Lott Trophy
2012 NFL Draft
2012 BCS National Championship Game
NFL Combine
New England Patriots
2012 NFL Draft
Boston College's
Luke Kuechly
South Carolina's
Melvin Ingram
$
Rob Ninkovich
Bill Belichick
Jerod Mayo
Brandon Spikes
New England Patriots'
Tennessee Titans
Ryan Fitzpatrick
Buffalo Bills
hamstring
Mark Sanchez
New York Jets
San Francisco 49ers
AFC East
Houston Texans
Super Bowl
Baltimore Ravens
Matt Patricia
New York Jets
Ryan Tannehill
Miami Dolphins
Cleveland Browns
Andrew Luck
Indianapolis Colts
Denver Broncos
Jamie Collins Sr.
Matt Cassel
Minnesota Vikings
New York Jets
Aaron Rodgers
Green Bay Packers
Buffalo Bills
Baltimore Ravens
Indianapolis Colts
Super Bowl XLIX
Seattle Seahawks
Marshawn Lynch
Malcolm Butler
Russell Wilson
Buffalo Bills
Denver Broncos
Miami Dolphins
Super Bowl
Jonathan Freeny
New England Patriots'
Arizona Cardinals
Andy Dalton
Cincinnati Bengals
2017 Pro Bowl
NFL Top 100 Players of 2017
Houston Texans
Pittsburgh Steelers
Super Bowl LI
Atlanta Falcons
Pittsburgh Steelers
New York Jets
David Harris
Kyle Van Noy
Jamie Collins
New England Patriots'
Kansas City Chiefs
New York Jets
Atlanta Falcons
pectoral muscle
Elandon Roberts
Tennessee Titans
Jacksonville Jaguars
Philadelphia Eagles
Super Bowl LII
Kyle Van Noy
Ja'Whaun Bentley
Super Bowl LIII
Los Angeles Rams
New England Patriots bio
Alabama Crimson Tide bio

categories: People from Lewisburg, Tennessee,Alabama Crimson Tide football players,Articles with inconsistent citation formats,All-American college football players,Players of American football from Tennessee,1990 births,American football linebackers,New England Patriots players,Living people,American Conference Pro Bowl players

paragraph: Dont'a Hightower

paragraph: Qualin Dont'a Hightower (born March 12, 1990) is an American football outside linebacker for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Alabama, was recognized as an All-American, and was a member of two BCS National Championship teams and was selected by the Patriots in the first round of the 2012 NFL Draft. Hightower, who is noted for his versatility, can play both middle and outside linebacker. He won Super Bowl XLIX, Super Bowl LI and Super Bowl LIII with the Patriots.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Hightower was born in Lewisburg, Tennessee. He attended Marshall County High School in Lewisburg, where he played for the Marshall County Tigers high school football team. He first drew recognition his sophomore year when the team's starting running back quit the team. In the last four games of the season, he rushed for over 1,000 yards and seven touchdowns. After growing to prior to his junior year, Hightower was moved to linebacker and tight end. He collected 98 tackles, two sacks, and seven forced fumbles, while at tight end, he caught 18 passes for 253 yards and four touchdowns.

paragraph: Having grown to six feet, three inches tall as a senior, Hightower again switched positions, playing defensive end. After recording 168 tackles (14 for loss), five forced fumbles, five interceptions and four fumble recoveries, he was named 3A Mr. Football Lineman of the Year and The Tennesseans Defensive Most Valuable Player in 2007. He also added 875 yards and 19 touchdowns on offense.

paragraph: Hightower was selected to play in the U.S. Army East West All-Star Game in San Antonio, Texas.

paragraph: Considered a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, Hightower was listed as the No. 15 inside linebacker in the nation in 2008. He chose Alabama over Auburn, Georgia Tech, Tennessee, and Vanderbilt.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Hightower attended the University of Alabama, where he played for coach Nick Saban's Alabama Crimson Tide football team from 2008 to 2011.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Freshman season.

paragraph: As one of only two true freshmen to be regular starter for the Crimson Tide in 2008, Hightower started 12 games while playing in all 14 at weakside inside linebacker ("Will") in the Alabama's 3–4 defense, next to Rolando McClain who occupied the other inside linebacker spot ("Mike"). Hightower recorded 64 tackles (4th on the team) and 2.5 tackles for loss, while also having one forced fumble and two fumble recoveries. He had at least one tackle in each game and had five or more stops in seven of 14 games, including 10 against Tulane and a career-high 11 at LSU. He was subsequently named to numerous Freshman All-American teams.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Sophomore season.

paragraph: For the 2009 season, during the Arkansas game, Hightower suffered a knee injury in the first quarter when he was cut blocked by an Arkansas lineman. He was diagnosed a torn anterior cruciate ligament in his left knee and missed the rest of the season with surgery. True freshman Nico Johnson replaced him at weak side linebacker. Hightower recorded 16 tackles including four tackles for loss. Having played only four games, he was granted a medical redshirt making him a redshirt sophomore in 2010.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Redshirt sophomore and junior season.

paragraph: Returning for the 2010 season, Hightower was expected to "be the nucleus of a young defense". He replaced McClain as Alabama’s middle linebacker, and in 2011, he captained a defense that ranked No. 1 nationally in all five major categories—scoring defense (8.8 ppg), total defense (191.3 ypg), rushing defense (74.9 ypg), pass efficiency defense (83.9 ypg) and pass defense (116.3 ypg). Hightower led the team with a career-best 81 tackles, including 37 solo stops, as well as three sacks (−16 yards) and 9.5 tackles for loss (−35 yards). He also registered eight quarterback hurries, one interception, one blocked field goal and three pass breakups.

paragraph: Hightower was a consensus first-team All-American by the Associated Press, AFCA and Walter Camp as well as Rivals.com and Pro Football Weekly. He was also a finalist for the Lombardi Award, Chuck Bednarik Award, the Butkus Award, and the Lott Trophy.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: As early as April 2011, Hightower was projected a potential first-round draft pick in the 2012 NFL Draft. Shortly after the 2012 BCS National Championship Game, he announced his decision to forgo his final year of eligibility. Right after the season ended, he was projected a late first-round selection. After solid performances at the NFL Combine and Alabama Pro Day, he was still regarded as a late first-rounder.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2012.

paragraph: The New England Patriots selected Hightower in the first round (25th overall) of the 2012 NFL Draft. He was the third linebacker selected in 2012, behind Boston College's Luke Kuechly (9th overall) and South Carolina's Melvin Ingram (18th overall).

paragraph: On July 19, 2012, the New England Patriots signed Hightower to a four-year, $7.72 million contract that includes $6.28 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $4.05 million.

paragraph: Throughout training camp, he competed for the job as the starting strongside linebacker against Rob Ninkovich. Head coach Bill Belichick named him the opening day starter, alongside Jerod Mayo and middle linebacker Brandon Spikes.

paragraph: He made his first career start and professional regular season debut in the New England Patriots' season-opener at the Tennessee Titans and recorded five combined tackles and returned a fumble recovery for a six-yard touchdown during their 34–13 victory. His touchdown in the second quarter marked the first of his career. On September 30, 2012, he recorded two solo tackles and made his first career sack on quarterback Ryan Fitzpatrick, before leaving in the first half of their 52–28 victory at the Buffalo Bills due to a hamstring injury. The injury sidelined him for the next two games (Weeks 5–6). In Week 7, Hightower collected a season-high seven solo tackles and sacked Mark Sanchez as the Patriots defeated the New York Jets 29-26 in overtime. On December 16, 2012, Hightower made a season-high eight combined tackles and broke up a pass during their 41-34 loss to the San Francisco 49ers. He finished the season with 60 combined tackles (43 solo), four sacks, three pass deflections, two fumble recoveries, and a touchdown in 14 games and 13 starts.

paragraph: The New England Patriots finished the 2012 season atop the AFC East with a 12–4 record, clinching home field advantage and a first round bye. On January 13, 2013, Hightower starter his first career playoff game and recorded three combined tackles in the Patriots' 41–28 victory against the Houston Texans in the AFC Divisional round. The following week, he made three combined tackles as the Patriots lost 28–13 to the eventual Super Bowl champions the Baltimore Ravens in the AFC Championship.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2013.

paragraph: Defensive coordinator Matt Patricia retained Hightower, Mayo, and Spikes as the starting linebackers to begin the 2013 regular season.

paragraph: On October 20, 2013, Hightower recorded 11 combined tackles (seven solo) during a 30–27 loss at the New York Jets. The following week, he collected ten combined tackles (five solo) and sacked quarterback Ryan Tannehill in the Patriots' 27–17 win against the Miami Dolphins. In Week 14, he tied his season-high of 11 combined tackles (seven solo) in a 27–26 win against the Cleveland Browns. He finished the season with 97 combined tackles (55 solo), three pass deflections, and a sack in 16 games and 14 starts.

paragraph: The New England Patriots clinched another AFC East title with a 12-4 record and received a first round bye. On January 11, 2014, Hightower collected eight combined tackles, broke up a pass, and intercepted a pass by Andrew Luck during a 43-22 win against the Indianapolis Colts in the AFC Divisional round. The following week, he made eight combined tackles as the Patriots lost 26–16 to the Denver Broncos in the AFC Championship.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2014.

paragraph: During training camp, Hightower was moved to weakside linebacker replacing Jerod Mayo who was named the starting middle linebacker after the departure of Brandon Spikes. Head coach Bill Belichick named Hightower and Jamie Collins Sr. the starting outside linebackers to start the regular season with Jerod Mayo starting at middle linebacker.

paragraph: On September 14, 2014, Hightower recorded eight combined tackles, broke up a pass, and had two sacks on Matt Cassel during the Patriots' 30–7 victory at the Minnesota Vikings. It marked his first career multi-sack game. Hightower missed two consecutive games (Weeks 5–6) due to a knee. In Week 7, he recorded a season-high 13 combined tackles (nine solo) and a sack in the Patriots' 27–25 win against the New York Jets. In Week 13, Hightower recorded ten combined tackles (four solo) and a sack on Aaron Rodgers during a 26–21 loss at the Green Bay Packers. He missed the following game (Week 14) due to a shoulder injury he sustained against the Packers. Hightower also missed their Week 17 loss against the Buffalo Bills after aggravating his shoulder injury. Hightower finished the season with 89 combined tackles (51 solo), six sacks, two pass deflections, and a forced fumble in 12 games and 12 starts.

paragraph: The New England Patriots finished atop the AFC East with a 12–4 record and clinched home field advantage and a first round bye. They defeated the Baltimore Ravens in the AFC Divisional round and the Indianapolis Colts in the AFC Championship and went on to Super Bowl XLIX. On February 1, 2015, Hightower started in Super Bowl XLIX and recorded five combined tackles during the Patriots' 28–24 victory against the Seattle Seahawks. He made a key play in the fourth quarter, tackling Marshawn Lynch at the one-yard line to prevent a touchdown. The Patriots secured their victory the next play after teammate Malcolm Butler intercepted a pass by Russell Wilson.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2015.

paragraph: On April 30, 2015, the New England Patriots exercised the fifth-year, $7.751 million option on Hightower's rookie contract.

paragraph: In Week 2, Hightower recorded a season-high 12 combined tackles (eight solo) and was credited with half a sack during a 40–32 win at the Buffalo Bills. On November 29, 2015, Hightower collected three combined tackles, but left the Patriots' 30–24 loss at the Denver Broncos after suffering a sprained MCL in his left knee. He went on to miss the next two games (Weeks 13-14) due to the injury to his MCL. Hightower was inactive for the Patriots' Week 17 loss at the Miami Dolphins due to a sprained MCL injury he aggravated the previous week. He finished the season with 61 combined tackles (51 solo), 3.5 sacks, two passes defended, and a fumble recovery in 12 games and 12 starts.

paragraph: The Patriots clinched another AFC East title with a 12–4 record and had a rematch with the Broncos in the AFC Championship, but lost to the eventual Super Bowl champions by a score of 20–18.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2016.

paragraph: Hightower entered training camp as the starting middle linebacker after Jerod Mayo announced his retirement. Head coach Bill Belichick officially named Hightower the starting middle linebacker to start the regular season, alongside outside linebackers Jamie Collins and Jonathan Freeny. The New England Patriots announced Hightower was selected to be one of four team captains to represent the Patriots for the season.

paragraph: He started the New England Patriots' season-opener at the Arizona Cardinals, but left in the second quarter of their 23-21 victory with an MCL injury. The following day, it was reported that Hightower had suffered a slight tear to his meniscus and was sidelined for the next two games (Weeks 2-3).

paragraph: On October 16, 2016, Hightower registered 13 combined tackles (ten solo), 1.5 sacks, and recorded his first career safety on a sack on Bengals' quarterback Andy Dalton during their 35–17 victory against the Cincinnati Bengals. He was voted as the AFC Defensive Player of the Week for his Week 6 performance against the Bengals. On December 20, 2016, it was announced that Hightower was named to the 2017 Pro Bowl, marking the first of his career Hightower finished the season with 65 combined tackles (31 solo), 2.5 sacks, two passes defensed, and a safety in 13 games and 13 starts. Hightower received enough votes from his peers to finish 94th on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017.

paragraph: The New England Patriots finished atop the AFC East and clinched a first round bye and a playoff berth with a 14–2 record. They went on to defeat the Houston Texans in the Divisional round and the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Championship. On February 5, 2017, Hightower appeared in Super Bowl LI and help the Patriots overcome a 25 point deficit and defeat the Atlanta Falcons 34–28 in overtime. Hightower recorded two solo tackles, one sack, and forced a fumble.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2017.

paragraph: On March 15, 2017, the New England Patriots signed Hightower to a four-year, $35.5 million contract that includes $17 million guaranteed and a $10 million signing bonus. It was later reported that Hightower met with the Pittsburgh Steelers and New York Jets, but failed a physical with the Jets due to a slight tear in his pectoral muscle.

paragraph: Head coach Bill Belichick named him the starting middle linebacker, along with outside linebackers David Harris and Kyle Van Noy. Hightower was the only returning starter after the Patriots traded Jamie Collins and Jonathan Freeny departed in free agency.

paragraph: He started the New England Patriots' season-opener against the Kansas City Chiefs, but left their 42–27 loss in the second quarter after sustaining a knee injury. The knee injury unfortunately sidelined Hightower for the next two games (Weeks 2-3). On October 15, 2017, Hightower recorded a season-high seven combined tackles and a sack as the Patriots defeated the New York Jets 24–17. In Week 7, he made one solo tackle in the Patriots' 23–7 win against the Atlanta Falcons before leaving in the third quarter with a shoulder injury. The following day, it was announced that it was discovered to be a torn pectoral muscle and would likely sideline Hightower for the remainder of the season.. On November 7, 2017, the New England Patriots placed Hightower on injured reserve for the remainder of the season. Hightower finished the season with 14 combined tackles (12 solo) and two sacks in five games and five starts.

paragraph: The Patriots replaced Hightower with Elandon Roberts and managed to finish the season atop the AFC East with a 13–3 record. They went on to defeat the Tennessee Titans in the AFC Divisional round and the Jacksonville Jaguars in the AFC Championship before losing 41–33 to the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl LII.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2018.

paragraph: Hightower returned as a starter in 2018, alongside Kyle Van Noy and rookie Ja'Whaun Bentley. In Week 7, He blocked a punt that was recovered by Van Noy and returned for a touchdown, earning him AFC Special Teams Player of the Week. The Patriots finished the season 11–5, again clinching the AFC East. During Super Bowl LIII against the Los Angeles Rams, Hightower finished with two sacks as the Patriots won 13–3.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New England Patriots bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alabama Crimson Tide bio

description: American Football Player

wikidata_label: Dont'a Hightower

wikipedia_title: Dont'a Hightower


text:
The Price of Betrayal
Ingmar's Inheritance
June Nights
Kristin Commands

categories: 1946 deaths,20th-century Swedish male actors,Swedish male film actors,1889 births,Swedish male silent film actors,People from Eskilstuna

paragraph: Gabriel Alw

paragraph: Gabriel Alw (25 December 1889 – 9 November 1946) was a Swedish film actor. He appeared in 37 films between 1915 and 1946.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Price of Betrayal" (1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ingmar's Inheritance" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "June Nights" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kristin Commands" (1946)

description: actor

wikidata_label: Gabriel Alw

wikipedia_title: Gabriel Alw


text:
John St Leger
Ulcombe
Kent
Anne of York
Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York
Cecily Neville
Edward IV
Richard III
Annery
Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond
Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire
Edward IV
Palace of Westminster
Battles of Barnet
Tewkesbury
Hundred Years' War
Treaty of Picquigny
Louis XI
crown
Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset
Sir John Howard (later Duke of Norfolk)
profligate
courtier
Order of the Bath
Anne of York
Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter
Lancastrian
Yorkist
Richard, 3rd Duke of York
Battle of Wakefield
Edmund, Earl of Rutland
Anne
Act of Parliament
Richard Grey
Edward V
Richard III
Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
Exeter Castle
Crowland Chronicle
George Manners, 11th Baron de Ros
Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland
John Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Bath
Windsor Castle

categories: 1440 births,People from Kent (before 1889),People executed under the Yorkists,1483 deaths,Year of birth uncertain,Executed English people,Knights of the Bath,Recipients of English royal pardons

paragraph: Thomas St. Leger

paragraph: Sir Thomas St Leger (c. 1440 – executed 8 November 1483) was the second son of Sir John St Leger (d.1441) of Ulcombe, Kent, and his wife, Margery Donnet. He was also the second husband of Anne of York (10 August 1439 – 14 January 1476), daughter of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York (by his wife Cecily Neville) and thus she was an elder sister of Kings Edward IV (1461-1483) and Richard III (1483-1485). His younger brother, Sir James St Leger of Annery in Devon, married Anne Butler, daughter of Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond, and was therefore an uncle to Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: St. Leger faithfully served Edward IV in both a military and administrative capacity for years. For his loyal service, Edward IV rewarded St. Leger with a substantial grant of eight manors in the early 1460s. He had a lucky escape from justice in 1465 when he was arrested for brawling in the Palace of Westminster and sentenced to have his hand cut off. Edward IV, however, granted him a pardon. Thomas fought for Edward at the Battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury. St Leger played a key role in ending the Hundred Years' War when he signed the Treaty of Picquigny with Louis XI on 29 August 1475. He was granted by Louis XI a pension of 12,000 crowns annually which was to be distributed between himself, Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset, Sir John Howard (later Duke of Norfolk), Sir Thomas Montgomery, and some other of the profligate courtiers. Thomas was also knighted as a member of the Order of the Bath.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: Thomas was most likely the lover of Anne of York, before their marriage in c. 1474. She had been married at the age of eight to Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter, in 1447. Anne and Exeter had had one daughter, named Anne, who had been born in c. 1455. The marriage was unhappy and Exeter and his wife mostly lived apart. Exeter was also a loyal Lancastrian while his wife was a Yorkist, and Exeter fought against Richard, 3rd Duke of York, at the Battle of Wakefield where Anne's father and her brother, Edmund, Earl of Rutland, died in battle. Anne and Exeter eventually separated. Thomas fought against Exeter at the Battle of Barnet, where Exeter was badly wounded and left for dead, but survived. Exeter was later imprisoned, and Anne divorced him in 1472. Exeter was also on Edward's expedition with Thomas St Leger to France in 1475. On the return voyage he fell overboard and drowned. Some say he was in fact thrown overboard at the King's command. St Leger's stepdaughter, Anne Holland, died some time around 1474, leaving her inherited Exeter estates behind.

paragraph: Anne of York died giving birth in 1476 to her and Thomas's only child, another girl named Anne. Following his wife’s death, St. Leger remained on good terms with his brother-in-law, Edward IV, and served as the King's Controller of the Mint. In 1481, he was granted a licence to found a perpetual chantry of two chaplains at the Chapel of St. George in memory of his wife. He never remarried. In 1483, by Act of Parliament, Anne St. Leger was declared heiress to the entire Exeter estate, except for a portion which was given to the queen's son Richard Grey. This act, by which the lands of the Exeter dukedom fell into the hands of the last duke's stepdaughter and his daughter's brother-in-law, along with a number of similar acts, is thought to be a cause of difficulty in maintaining noble support for the reign of Edward IV.

paragraph: Section::::Rebellion and death.

paragraph: Thomas's brother-in-law, Edward IV, whom he had served faithfully, died suddenly on 9 April 1483, leaving behind a twelve-year-old son, Edward V, who was by marriage Thomas's nephew. However, Richard III ascended the throne in July 1483. Thomas St. Leger attended the new king’s coronation and was given cloth of silver and velvet for the occasion, but he was soon deprived of his positions of Master of Harthounds and Controller of the Mint. His daughter Anne was ordered to be handed over to Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. It has been suggested that Buckingham had the heiress in mind as a bride for his own eldest son Edward. This never came to pass, for both St. Leger and Buckingham ended up in rebellion against the new king. St Leger had been unshakably faithful to Edward IV and, like many of the other rebels of the rebellion of 1483, was undoubtedly distressed at Edward V having disappeared from sight after having been deprived of his crown.

paragraph: When the rebellion floundered, St. Leger continued the fight in Exeter, but was captured. He was executed on 13 November 1483, at Exeter Castle, despite the offer of large sums of money on his behalf. He had been executed with Sir John Rame. St. Leger, described by the "Crowland Chronicler" as a “most noble knight,” received a private burial. They are not buried in Rutland Chapel as most believe.

paragraph: His daughter Anne St Leger (14 January 1476 – 21 April 1526) eventually married George Manners, 11th Baron de Ros. Their son was Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland, and their daughter, Lady Eleanor Manners (1505 – 16 September 1548) married John Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Bath, and had descendants. Lady Anne St. Leger and her husband George are both buried in the private Rutland Chapel in Windsor Castle.

description: British noble

wikidata_label: Thomas St. Leger

wikipedia_title: Thomas St. Leger


text:
footballer
central defender
Arsenal Tula
Burkina Faso national team
CFTPK Abidjan
Etoile Filante
Etoile Filante
En Avant Guingamp
En Avant Guingamp
Tours FC
Ligue 2
Guingamp
Ligue 2
2009 Coupe de France Final
Rennes
Lyon
€
La Liga
Málaga CF
Ligue 1
RC Strasbourg
MKE Ankaragücü
Russian Premier League
Arsenal Tula
Coupe de France
2008–09
Coupe de France
2011–12

categories: Olympique Lyonnais players,RC Strasbourg Alsace players,Ligue 1 players,MKE Ankaragücü footballers,Burkinabé expatriate sportspeople in France,Burkinabé footballers,En Avant de Guingamp players,Ligue 2 players,Association football central defenders,FC Arsenal Tula players,Burkinabé expatriate sportspeople in Spain,Burkinabé expatriates in Spain,Expatriate footballers in Ivory Coast,Burkinabé expatriates in Ivory Coast,2012 Africa Cup of Nations players,2017 Africa Cup of Nations players,Burkinabé expatriate sportspeople in Turkey,Sportspeople from Ouagadougou,La Liga players,Expatriate footballers in France,Expatriate footballers in Spain,Burkinabé expatriates in France,Burkinabé expatriate sportspeople in Russia,Living people,Expatriate footballers in Turkey,2015 Africa Cup of Nations players,Burkina Faso international footballers,2010 Africa Cup of Nations players,1988 births,Málaga CF players,Étoile Filante de Ouagadougou players,Expatriate footballers in Russia,Burkinabé expatriate sportspeople in Ivory Coast,2013 Africa Cup of Nations players

paragraph: Bakary Koné

paragraph: Bakary Koné (, born 27 April 1988) is a Burkinabé footballer who plays as a central defender for Russian club Arsenal Tula and the Burkina Faso national team.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Early career.

paragraph: Koné played on youth side for CFTPK Abidjan and joined in 2004 to Etoile Filante.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Senior career.

paragraph: He began his professional career in 2005 with Etoile Filante and signed in July 2006 with En Avant Guingamp. He played his first game for En Avant Guingamp on 11 May 2007 against Tours FC in the Ligue 2. Whilst at Guingamp, then in Ligue 2, Koné played in the 2009 Coupe de France Final in which they beat Rennes. He joined Lyon on 11 August 2011 and signed a five-year deal for €3.8 million transfer fee. He scored his first goal with Lyon in the champions league play-offs against Rubin Kazan on 24 August 2011. He scored his second goal, again in Champion's League in group stage against Dinamo Zagreb on 27 September of the same year.

paragraph: On 27 June 2016, Koné signed a three-year deal with La Liga side Málaga CF. On 26 August 2017, he moved to Ligue 1 side RC Strasbourg on a season-long loan.

paragraph: On 28 July 2018, Koné terminated his contract with Málaga. Koné joined Turkish club MKE Ankaragücü during the August transfer window.

paragraph: On 28 January 2019, he signed a 1.5-year contract with the Russian Premier League club Arsenal Tula.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Club.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guingamp

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coupe de France: 2008–09

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lyon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coupe de France: 2011–12

description: Burkinabé footballer

wikidata_label: Bakary Koné

wikipedia_title: Bakary Koné


text:
American
Yellow House Canyon
Ransom Canyon
Lubbock, Texas
Los Angeles, California
Dominican College
Racine, Wisconsin
University of Notre Dame
Vista, California
Lubbock, Texas
Texas Tech University
Llano Estacado
center pivot irrigation
furrow irrigation
surge irrigation
Yellow House Canyon
stained glass
Lake Ransom Canyon

wikipedia_title:
United States
Yellow House Canyon
Ransom Canyon, Texas
Lubbock, Texas
Los Angeles
Dominican College of Racine
Racine, Wisconsin
University of Notre Dame
Vista, California
Lubbock, Texas
Texas Tech University
Llano Estacado
Center pivot irrigation
Surface irrigation
Surface irrigation
Yellow House Canyon
Stained glass
Ransom Canyon, Texas

categories: Artists from Los Angeles,2008 deaths,Texas Tech University faculty,Dominican College of Racine alumni,Sculptors from Texas,Sculptors from California,1945 births,Llano Estacado,University of Notre Dame alumni,People from Lubbock, Texas

paragraph: Robert R. Bruno Jr.

paragraph: Robert R. Bruno Jr. (January 30, 1945 – December 9, 2008) was an American artist, inventor, and businessman. In 1982, he designed and created one of the first solar-powered surge irrigation systems for row crops and founded P&R Surge Systems with his wife Patricia Mills. As an artist, he designed jewelry, furniture, and numerous sculptures both large and small. He is perhaps most widely recognized for the artistic steel house that sits on the edge of the jagged caprock escarpment that overlooks Yellow House Canyon in the residential community of Ransom Canyon a few miles east of Lubbock, Texas.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Robert R. Bruno was born January 30, 1945, in Los Angeles, California. He was the son of Robert R. Bruno Sr. and Delores Puig and he had two sisters, Kathleen and Diane. He spent his early years shuttling between divorced parents in the United States and Mexico.

paragraph: He attended Dominican College in Racine, Wisconsin, a now-defunct Catholic college, and continued to graduate school at the University of Notre Dame. At Dominican College, he began working with steel and completed numerous steel sculptures, some of which were installed in the backyard of his grandparents’ home in Vista, California.

paragraph: At Dominican College he met Patricia Mills, a Catholic student on track to become a nun. They were married and soon moved to Lubbock, Texas, so that he could teach art and design at the School of Architecture at Texas Tech University. They had one child, a daughter named Christina.

paragraph: Section::::Business career.

paragraph: During the 1970s, Bruno taught at Texas Tech while his wife worked at the High Plains Underground Water District, an organization charged with protecting and conserving precious groundwater resources across a large portion of the Llano Estacado.

paragraph: Prior to the development of center pivot irrigation, cropland was typically watered by furrow irrigation, a rather inefficient method that resulted in considerable water losses due to evaporation and uneven infiltration. In 1979, an improved method of “surge irrigation” was developed by Stringham and Keller (1979). Learning of this new technology, Robert Bruno developed a surge valve system and the couple formed an irrigation company called P&R Surge Systems (the name being derived from their first initials). The company was successful and provided additional financial support for his art.

paragraph: Section::::Art.

paragraph: While teaching at Texas Tech University, Bruno completed a large steel sculpture that later became the inspiration for the Steel House at Ransom Canyon. It is in front of the Architecture Building.

paragraph: Bruno began construction of the Steel House in 1973. This three-level house was constructed of numerous pieces of scrap steel carefully welded together forming an enormous curving form. It is estimated to weigh 110 tons and rests on four hollow legs anchored to the eastern rim of Yellow House Canyon. The steel house has many large smoothly curving windows, some composed of stained glass while others provide a panoramic view of Lake Ransom Canyon, below. It remained unfinished at his death; there were to have been a library and an aquarium inside the steel legs.

paragraph: In 1991, Mark Lawson asked him to design another house to occupy a nearby vacant lot in Ransom Canyon. This house would be constructed of stone and tile instead of steel. Bruno, Rick Denser (general contractor), Manfred Kaiter (master stone mason), and Lawson started work on the rock house in 1991. It was inspired by the work of Antoni Gaudi.

wikidata_label: Robert R. Bruno Jr.

wikipedia_title: Robert R. Bruno Jr.


text:
William Cullen Bryant
Francis Cooke
Weybridge, Vermont

categories: LGBT writers from the United States,1851 deaths,Women diarists,1777 births,19th-century American women writers,People from Brockton, Massachusetts,American women poets,LGBT people from Vermont,American diarists,People from Weybridge, Vermont,LGBT people from Massachusetts,Lesbian writers,Tailors,19th-century American poets,Poets from Vermont

paragraph: Charity Bryant

paragraph: Charity Bryant (May 22, 1777 – October 6, 1851) was an American business owner and writer. She was a diarist and wrote acrostic poetry. Because there is extensive documentation for the shared lives of Bryant and her partner, Sylvia Drake (October 31, 1784 – February 13, 1868), their diaries, letters and business papers have become an important part of the archive in documenting the history of same-sex couples.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Charity Bryant was born on May 22, 1777, in North Bridgewater, Massachusetts to Silence (née Howard) and Phillip Bryant. Her mother died of consumption shortly after her birth. She was the sister of Peter Bryant (August 12, 1767 – March 20, 1820), a doctor and later a state legislator, and the aunt of famed romantic poet William Cullen Bryant. She was a descendant of Francis Cooke through her father's line. As the youngest of at least ten surviving children (including an oldest brother, Oliver, who had enlisted in the Massachusetts militia and died sometime in August of 1776). Bryant was often treated with "affectionate indulgence" by her older siblings, who also instilled in her a love for poetry that would stay with her throughout her life.

paragraph: Bryant began working as a teacher in 1797 in Dartmouth, Massachusetts, which allowed her the opportunity to live independently from her father and stepmother, earn her own living, and still protect her repuation. During this time, she formed intimate relationships with several of her fellow teachers, including most notably Lydia Richards, with whom Bryant exchanged a number of poems containing somewhat erotic imagery.

paragraph: In 1807, she went to visit a friend, Polly Hayward in Weybridge, Vermont and it was there that she was introduced to Polly's sister, Sylvia Drake. The two quickly became partners and worked together in a tailoring business that they ran out of their shared house. Their community, including their relatives, accepted them as a married couple.

paragraph: Drake discussed their relationship in her diaries: Tuesday- 3 [July]—31 years since I left my mother’s house and commenced serving in company with Dear Miss B. Sin mars all earthly bliss, and no common sinner have I been, but God has spared my life, given me every thing I would enjoy and now I have a space, if I improve it, to exercise true penitence. Bryant’s nephew, William Cullen Bryant, also described their relationship usuing language that emphasized the depth of the women's relationship: If I were permitted to draw the veil of private life, I would briefly give you the singular, and to me interesting, story of two maiden ladies who dwell in this valley. I would tell you how, in their youthful days, they took each other as companions for life, and how this union, no less sacred to them than the tie of marriage, has subsisted, in uninterrupted harmony, for more than forty years.

paragraph: The two women were prominent members of their community, and their relationship was treated the same way as any standard marriage between a man and a woman: according to William Cullen Bryant, Bryant was like the "husband," and Drake was her "fond wife." On tax documents and census records, Bryant was always noted as the head of the household.

paragraph: Bryant had suffered from poor health since infancy, and her adult years were also plagued with illness. In the summer of 1839, she developed heart disease that would ultimately kill her on October 6, 1851. In her will, Bryant left their shared home entirely to Drake who lived there until 1859.

paragraph: Bryant and Drake are buried together under a shared headstone at Weybridge Hill Cemetery, Addison County, Vermont.

description: American tailor

wikidata_label: Charity Bryant

wikipedia_title: Charity Bryant


text: Senator of the College of Justice

text: Pitmilly

text: Fife

text: Solicitor General

text: David Boyle

text: Poor Laws

text: Kirkcaldy

text: Poor Laws

categories: 19th-century British judges,People from Fife,1850 deaths,Senators of the College of Justice,Scottish sheriffs,1769 births

paragraph: David Monypenny, Lord Pitmilly

paragraph: The Hon. David Monypenny, Lord Pitmilly (1769–1850) was a Scottish lawyer who rose to be a Senator of the College of Justice.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born in May 1769 the son of Lt Col Alexander Monypenny of Pitmilly in Fife, and his wife Margaret Chamberlain.

paragraph: After training in law he rose to be Sheriff of Fife from 1807 to 1811. From 1811 to 1813 he was Solicitor General of Scotland, succeeding David Boyle.

paragraph: In February 1813 he took the place of the recently deceased Alexander Fraser Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee as a Senator of the College of Justice.

paragraph: He retired in 1830 and began writing, especially on the then new Poor Laws.

paragraph: He died in 1850.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1810 he married Maria-Sophia (d. 1846), daughter of Sir George Abercrombie, 4th Baronet of Birkenbog.

paragraph: They had no children. His estates were inherited by his nephew, William Tankerville Monypenny.

paragraph: His brothers included Alexander Monypenny, an Edinburgh lawyer, and William Monypenny, collector of customs in Kirkcaldy.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Remarks on the Poor Laws" (1834)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Proposed Alterations to the Scottish Poor Laws" (1840)

wikidata_label: David Monypenny, Lord Pitmilly

wikipedia_title: David Monypenny, Lord Pitmilly


text:
French
violinist
curved bow
Henri Berthelier
Albert Schweitzer
Rolph Schroeder
Bach
curved bow

categories: People from Mulhouse,French classical violinists,1975 deaths,French classical violists,1890 births

paragraph: Georges Frey

paragraph: Georges Frey (2 August 1890 – 7 October 1975) was a French violinist, viola player and specialist of the curved bow. He is the father of the pianist and organist Jean-Claude Frey.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The early years of Georges Frey are known through his typescript entitled "Réminiscences". Born in Mulhouse on 2 August 1890, he received his first violin lessons from a former student of Joseph Joachim. After earning his Baccalaureate in Latin and Greek he went to Paris to further his violin studies with Daniel Herrmann. He also had private lessons with Henri Berthelier, a disciple of Joseph Lambert Massart and professor at the Conservatoire de Paris. In early 1914 Georges Frey went to Berlin with a letter of recommandation from the Swiss composer Hans Huber to study with Henri Marteau at the Hochschule für Musik. Owing to political turmoil he had to return to Paris prematurely, where he arranged to have a few last lessons with Berthelier who was already showing physical as well as mental symptoms of his brain tumour.

paragraph: In 1915 Georges Frey joined the ranks of the 30th Battalion, 3rd Company and was sent to the trenches. On 13 August 1916 he was shot and wounded by the German artillery. He survived thanks to the exceptional ability and care of Dr André, General Foch’s personal surgeon, and after several months of convalescence was able to rejoin his battalion. At the end of the war Georges Frey became director of the Mulhouse Conservatoire (1919–39), establishing the famous 'Jeudis du Conservatoire', inviting leading musicians such as the mezzo-soprano Claire Croiza and the composer Albert Roussel (with whom he played the Violin Sonata No. 2 in A major, Op. 28).

paragraph: In January 1933 Georges Frey received an invitation from Albert Schweitzer to go to Strasbourg to hear the violinist Rolph Schroeder play the Bach Sonatas and Partitas with a curved bow. Georges Frey went to the concert as «a great sceptic» but only eight days later he had his first curved bow in his hand, which was built after Schroeder’s model. From that moment, Frey never ceased to actively promote the curved bow, giving numerous recitals in France and Switzerland. The bond of friendship which now united him to Schweitzer stimulated his reflection on the interpretation of the polyphonic works for violin as well as his inventiveness in creating new models of the curved bow. The outbreak of World War II put an end to this particularly fertile period of teaching and giving concerts: on 13 December 1940 the Frey family was expelled from Alsace, finding refuge in Aix-en Provence. The unemployment office of Vichy nevertheless procured Frey a job as a violinist for about thirty performances of Arthur Honegger’s "Jeanne au bûcher".

paragraph: On his return to Mulhouse after the war, Frey was named co-director of the new School of Music, a post which he occupied until his retirement in 1955. He continued his career as a solo violinist and viola player until about 1962, giving recitals and concert conferences. His programmes included more and more of the Sonatas and Partitas of Bach which he always played with the curved bow, in line with the interpretative philosophy of Albert Schweitzer.

paragraph: Section::::Curved bows.

paragraph: According to Schweitzer, the first curved bow used by Frey was built in collaboration with a Swiss bow maker and was similar to Rolph Schroeder’s. Other models followed and according to Alfred Koenig Frey improved Schroeder's bow, finding a mechanism that obviated the stiffening of the right hand and wrist while putting the bow hair in tension with the thumb. Georges Frey also possessed a Vega Bach Bow built by the Danish violin maker Knud Vestergaard.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alberto Bachmann , "An Encyclopedia of the Violin", tr. by F. H. Martens, New York, Appleton, 1925.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gustave Doret, "Lettre à Georges Frey", 16.07.1942, archives of Jean-Claude Frey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georges Frey, "De l'archet courbe à l'archet droit", Royaumont, 1962, typescript, archives of Jean-Claude Frey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georges Frey, "Réminiscences", typescript, 1974 [76 pp.], archives of Jean-Claude Frey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rudolf Gähler, "Der Rundbogen für die Violine - ein Phantom?", Regensburg, ConBrio, 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vincent d'Indy, "Lettre à Georges Frey", 10.12.1924, archives of Jean-Claude Frey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alfred Koenig, "Lettre à Georges Frey", 18.02.1953, archives of Jean-Claude Frey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alfred Koenig, "Lettre à Georges Frey", 21.02.1953, archives of Jean-Claude Frey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert Schweitzer, "Der runde Violinbogen", in: «Schweizerische Musikzeitung», Zürich, 15 mars 1933, 73. Jahrgang, Nr. 6, pp. 197–203.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert Schweitzer, "Lettre à Georges Frey", 10.01.1949, archives of Jean-Claude Frey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert Schweitzer, "Les œuvres pour violon seul de Bach; de l'archet à utiliser pour leur exécution, in: «Saisons d'Alsace», n. 2, 1950, pp. 139–145.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knud Vestergaard, "Facture à Georges Frey pour un Vega Bach Bow", June 1957, archives of Jean-Claude Frey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knud Vestergaard, "Lettre à Georges Frey", 01.08.1957, archives of Jean-Claude Frey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raoul Vidas, "How Berthelier, of the Paris Conservatoire, taught the violin", in: Frederick H. Martens, "String Mastery. Talks With Master Violinists, Viola Players and Violoncellists", vol. II, New York, F. A. Stokes, 1923, pp. 184–191.

wikidata_label: Georges Frey

wikipedia_title: Georges Frey


text:
Sassanid
Persia
Shahanshah
Khosrow Parviz
Hormizd IV
Bahram Chobin
Syria
Byzantine emperor
Maurice
Christian
Iran
Church of the East
miaphysite
Antioch
Syriac Orthodox Church
Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
Persia
True Cross
Jesus
Ctesiphon
Persian literature
Shahnameh
Khosrow and Shirin
Nizami Ganjavi
Syriac
Beth Aramaie
Armenian
Evagrius Scholasticus
Saint Sergius
Resafa
Christian
heathen
cross
stater
vision
custom of women
Theophylact Simocatta
Roman
Sebeos
Xuzhastan
Assyrian
Armenia
Sebeos
Isho Yahb II
Church of the East
Maurice
Addai Scher
Qasr-e Shirin
Khosrau Parviz
Sassanid Empire
Chosroes and Shirin
Nizami Ganjavi
Sarkash
Behistun palace
Qasr-e Shirin
Dalal Khario

categories: Shahnameh characters,7th-century women,Christians in the Sasanian Empire,6th-century women,Year of birth missing,Ancient Persian women,7th-century Christians,6th-century births,6th-century Iranian people,Wives of Khosrow Parviz,7th-century Iranian people,628 deaths,Queens,Former Church of the East Christians,Women of the Sasanian Empire,One Thousand and One Nights characters,People of Aramean descent,Converts to Oriental Orthodoxy

paragraph: Shirin

paragraph: Shirin (? – 628 AD) () was a wife of the Sassanid Persian Shahanshah (king of kings), Khosrow Parviz. In the revolution after the death of Khosrow's father Hormizd IV, the General Bahram Chobin took power over the Persian empire. Shirin fled with Khosrow to Syria, where they lived under the protection of Byzantine emperor Maurice. In 591, Khosrow returned to Persia to take control of the empire and Shirin was made queen. She used her new influence to support the Christian minority in Iran, but the political situation demanded that she do so discreetly. Initially she belonged to the Church of the East, the so-called Nestorians, but later she joined the miaphysite church of Antioch, now known as the Syriac Orthodox Church. After conquering Jerusalem in 614, amidst the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, the Persians captured the True Cross of Jesus and brought it to their capital Ctesiphon, where Shirin took the cross in her palace.

paragraph: Long after her death Shirin became an important heroine of Persian literature, as a model of a faithful lover and wife. She appears in the "Shahnameh" and the romance "Khosrow and Shirin" by Nizami Ganjavi (1141−1209), and is referred to in very many other works. Her elaborated story in literature bears little or no resemblance to the fairly few known historical facts of her life, although her Christianity and difficulties after the assassination of her husband remain part of the story, as well as Khosrow's exile before he regained his throne. After their first accidental meeting, when Khosrow was initially unaware of her identity, their courtship takes a number of twists and turns, with the pair often apart, that occupy most of the story. After Khosrow's son kills him, the son demands that Shirin marry him, which she avoids by committing suicide.

paragraph: Section::::Origin.

paragraph: Two early Syriac chronicles refer to Shirin as "Aramean", which would identify her homeland as the region known under the name "Beth Aramaie" in Syriac sources. The tradition identifying her as Armenian appears to be of later origin.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: The earliest source mentioning Shirin is the Ecclesiastical history of Evagrius Scholasticus, where she is mentioned as "Sira". It preserves a letter sent by Khosrau II to the shrine of Saint Sergius in Resafa. One dated to 592/593 includes the following passage: "At the time when I [Khosrau II] was at Beramais, I begged of thee, O holy one, that thou wouldest come to my aid, and that Sira might conceive: and inasmuch as Sira was a Christian and I a heathen, and our law forbids us to have a Christian wife, nevertheless, on account of my favourable feelings towards thee, I disregarded the law as respects her, and among my wives I have constantly esteemed, and do still esteem her as peculiarly mine."

paragraph: "Thus I resolved to request of thy goodness, O Saint, that she might conceive: and I made the request with a vow, that, if Sira should conceive, I would send the cross she wears to thy venerable sanctuary. On this account both I and Sira purposed to retain this cross in memory of thy name, O Saint, and in place of it to send five thousand staters, as its value, which does not really exceed four thousand four hundred staters. From the time that I conceived this request and these intentions, until I reached Rhosochosron, not more than ten days elapsed, when thou, O Saint, not on account of my worthiness but thy kindness, appearedst to me in a vision of the night and didst thrice tell me that Sira should conceive, while, in the same vision, thrice I replied, It is well."

paragraph: "From that day forward Sira has not experienced the custom of women, because thou art the granter of requests; though I, had I not believed thy words, and that thou art holy and the granter of requests, should have doubted that she would not thenceforward experience the custom of women. From this circumstance I was convinced of the power of the vision and the truth of thy words, and accordingly forthwith sent the same cross and its value to thy venerable sanctuary, with directions that out of that sum should be made a disc, and a cup for the purposes of the divine mysteries, as also a cross to be fixed upon the holy table, and a censer, all of gold: also a Hunnish veil adorned with gold. Let the surplus of the sum belong to thy sanctuary, in order that by virtue of thy fortune, O saint, thou mayest come to the aid of me and Sira in all matters, and especially with respect to this petition; and that what has been already procured for us by thy intercession, may be consummated according to the compassion of thy goodness, and the desire of me and Sira; so that both of us, and all persons in the world, may trust in thy power and continue to believe in thee."

paragraph: Theophylact Simocatta gives a similar account with additional information. "In the following year the Persian king [Khosrau II] proclaimed as queen Seirem [Shirin] who was of Roman birth and Christian religion, and of an age blossoming for marriage, slept with her. ... "In the third year he entreated Sergius, the most efficacious in Persia, that a child by Seirem be granted to him. Shortly afterwards this came to pass for him. The Roman (Byzantine) ancestry of Shirin is contradicted by Sebeos: "[Xosrov], in accordance with their Magian religion, had numerous wives. He also took Christian wives, and had an extremely beautiful Christian wife from the land of Xuzhastan named Shirin, the Bambish, queen of queens [tiknats' tikin]. She constructed a monastery and a church close to the royal abode, and settled priests and deacons there allotting from the court stipends and money for clothing. She lavished gold and silver [on the monastery]. Bravely, with her head held high she preached the gospel of the Kingdom, at court, and none of the grandee mages dared open his mouth to say anything—large or small—about Christians. When, however, days passed and her end approached, many of the mages who had converted to Christianity, were martyred in various places."

paragraph: The "Khuzistan Chronicle", written by an Assyrian Christian from Khuzestan [Iran] probably in 680 is described as the Syriac counterpart of the Armenian work of Sebeos. We read about the relationship between the Catholicos Isho Yahb II and the persian king Khosrau II. Parvez (590-628) : "Isho Yahb was treated respectfully throughout his life, by the king himself and his two christian wives Shirin the Aramean and Mary the Roman". (Theodor. Nöldeke: "Die von Guidi herausgegebene syrische Chronik", Wien 1893, p. 10)

paragraph: The "Chronicle of Séert" (Siirt) is an anonymously authored historiographical text written by the Church of the East in Persia and the Middle East, possibly as early as the 9th century AD. The text deals with ecclesiastical, social, and political issues of the Christian church giving a history of its leaders and notable members.

paragraph: LVIII. - History of Khosrau Parvez, son of Hormizd "Khosrau, by gratitude for Maurice, ordered to rebuild churches and to honor the Christians. He built himself two churches for Marie (Maryam) and a large church and a castle in the country of Beth Lashpar for his wife Shirin, the Aramean." (Patrologia Orientalis, Tome VII. - Fascicule 2, "Histoire Nestorienne" ("Chronique de Séert"), Seconde Partie (1), publiée et traduite par Mgr Addai Scher, Paris 1911, Published Paris : Firmin-Didot 1950 p. 467.)

paragraph: Khosrow created several cities named after his lover Shirin, including the modern city Qasr-e Shirin, which means palace of Shirin.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Khosrau Parviz

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sassanid Empire

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chosroes and Shirin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nizami Ganjavi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarkash

paragraph: BULLET::::- Behistun palace

paragraph: BULLET::::- Qasr-e Shirin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dalal Khario, author who published a memoir under the pseudonym "Shirin"

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gianroberto Scarcia: "Scirin. La Regina dei Magi", Ed. Jaca Book, Milano, 2004.

description: wife of Khosrau II

wikidata_label: Shirin

wikipedia_title: Shirin


text:
baroness
salon holder
Sweden
Hämeenlinna
Senate of Finland
Finnish War
Sveaborg
Helsinki
Siege of Sveaborg
play
poems
almanac
newspaper
Häme Castle
Birger Jarl
Gustafva Sofia Hjärne

categories: Finnish nobility,19th-century Finnish women writers,1860 deaths,19th-century Finnish people,19th-century Finnish poets,1780 births,19th-century Finnish writers,Finnish women poets,Finnish salon-holders,Finnish women novelists,People of the Finnish War

paragraph: Sofia Hjärne

paragraph: Gustafva Sofia Hjärne (4 July 1780 – 6 December 1860), was a Finnish baroness, writer and salon holder.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Gustafva Sofia Rosenborg was born in Sweden, the daughter of Anders Rosenborg and Christina Charlotta Funck. In 1801 Sofia Rosenborg married Captain Gustaf Hjärne. Her husband was later the governor in Hämeenlinna and was elected a member of the Senate of Finland. They were the parents of four children: Beata Sofia Johanna (b. 1802), Gustaf Adolf (b. 1805), Alexandra (b. 1821) and Hedvig (b. 1821).

paragraph: Sofia Hjärne was the central figure in one of Finland's earliest literary salons. According to certain sources, during the Finnish War, Sofia Hjärne was instrumental in averting a battle by achieving the peaceful handover of the stronghold of Sveaborg near Helsinki to Russians forces during the Siege of Sveaborg in early 1808.

paragraph: She translated two plays and wrote poems for almanacs and newspapers anonymously.

paragraph: In 1831, she published the Swedish language novel "Tavastehus slott, en romans från Birger Jarls af Bjelbo tidehvarf" (Helsinki 1837).

paragraph: The romantic novel centered on the medieval Häme Castle (Finnish: "Hämeen linna"; Swedish: "Tavastehus slott"). Based on local legend, it featured the sister of Swedish statesman Birger Jarl and her unhappy love for a Finnish chieftain.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gustafva Sofia Hjärne The History of Nordic Women's Literature

wikidata_label: Sofia Hjärne

wikipedia_title: Sofia Hjärne


text:
Qitaihe
Heilongjiang
Chinese
short track speed skater
Overall World Champion
2006 Winter Olympics
2010 Vancouver Olympics
Harbin Institute of Physical Education
2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic records
Shanghai
2014 Winter Olympics

categories: Chinese female speed skaters,1985 births,Asian Games silver medalists for China,Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics,Olympic medalists in short track speed skating,Olympic gold medalists for China,Asian Games bronze medalists for China,Short track speed skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics,Olympic short track speed skaters of China,Short track speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics,Olympic bronze medalists for China,Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics,Living people,Short track speed skaters at the 2007 Asian Winter Games,Short track speed skaters at the 2003 Asian Winter Games,Asian Games medalists in short track speed skating,Female short track speed skaters,People from Qitaihe,Chinese short track speed skaters,Medalists at the 2003 Asian Winter Games,Olympic silver medalists for China,Medalists at the 2007 Asian Winter Games,Asian Games gold medalists for China

paragraph: Wang Meng (speed skater)

paragraph: Wang Meng (; born April 10, 1985 in Qitaihe, Heilongjiang) is a Chinese short track speed skater. She is a four-time Olympic Champion and 2008 and 2009 Overall World Champion. She is the most decorated Chinese Winter Olympic athlete ever with four Olympic gold medals, a silver and a bronze. Wang won gold in the 500 m event, silver in the 1000 m and bronze in the 1500 m event at the 2006 Winter Olympics. She won 500 m and 1000 m gold medals at the 2010 Vancouver Olympics and added a third gold medal in the 3000 m relay with the China team. Wang has also won 18 gold medals at the World Championships. She is one of the most decorated short track speed skaters of all time.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Wang Meng started short track speed skating in 1994, when she was nine. In 1998 she entered Heilongjiang Provincial Sports School, which is affiliated of Harbin Institute of Physical Education. She graduated from Harbin Institute of Physical Education.

paragraph: Section::::2010 Winter Olympics.

paragraph: Wang was considered a strong contender for all short track speed skating events at the 2010 Winter Olympics. She won the gold medal in the 500 m event in which she had previously been dominant and was considered to be the favorite to win. She set three Olympic records in the 500 m heats, while in the finals she led from start to finish accumulating a huge lead ahead of all other competitors. In the 1,500 m race, she failed to finish after having lost her footing and crashing into the barricades. However, she came back to win the 3,000 m relay with the Chinese team and the 1,000 m solo race. She ended up snatching three gold medals, which makes her the most successful Winter Olympian ever for China.

paragraph: Section::::Conflict with the team manager.

paragraph: On 24 July 2011, Wang Meng had a physical conflict with the team manager Wang Chunlu at the hotel in the Qingdao training camp. In the scuffle her arm was injured and she had to be taken to a hospital. There was a lot of speculation in the media as to what had really happened, but both sides involved provided very different stories, which makes the truth unclear to this day.

paragraph: Ten days after the incident, on 4 August 2011, Wang Meng was expelled from the national short track speed skating team and the same applied to her teammate Liu Xianwei, who actively supported Wang during those ten days. The team manager, Wang Chunlu, was moved to another position, and Liu Hao became the new team manager.

paragraph: Section::::2014 Winter Olympics.

paragraph: On 16 January 2014, Wang collided with a teammate while training in Shanghai for the 2014 Winter Olympics. She broke her ankle, which required surgery and a recovery period of at least six months. She missed the Olympics as a result.

description: short track speed skater

wikidata_label: Wang Meng

wikipedia_title: Wang Meng (speed skater)


text:
companion
Muhammad
Hala bint Khuwaylid
Abdshams
Quraysh
Mecca
Khadija
daughter
Zaynab
Umama
Caliph
Ali
emigrated
Medina
Battle of Badr
polytheists

image: 512px-أبو_العاص_لقيط_بن_الربيع_بن_عبد_العزي_بن_عبد_شمس_العبشمي_القرشي.png

paragraph: Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi'

paragraph: Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi (, , died in February, 634 AD) was a son-in-law and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. His original name was said to have been Hushaym or Yasser.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He was the son of Hala bint Khuwaylid. His legal father was Al-Rabi ibn Abduluzza of the Abdshams clan of the Quraysh tribe; but he was known as a "bastard". He became a successful merchant and was considered an important person in Mecca.

paragraph: His aunt Khadija regarded him as her son, and he frequently visited her home. In due course Khadija asked her husband Muhammad to find him a wife. Muhammad gave Abu al-As their eldest daughter, Zaynab, apparently with some reluctance. Later, however, he spoke "warmly" of Abu al-As, "who told the truth and kept his promises" and in whom he "found no fault as an in-law." Abu al-As and Zaynab had two children: Ali, who died in childhood, and Umama, who was later married to the fourth Caliph Ali.

paragraph: Section::::Opposition to Islam.

paragraph: When Muhammad, after declaring himself to be a prophet, lost popularity in Mecca, the Quraysh pressured Abu al-As to divorce Zaynab, saying they would give him any woman he liked in exchange. But Abu Al-As replied that he did not want any other woman and he remained with Zaynab. However, he refused to become a Muslim. Since Muhammad had no power of jurisdiction over Mecca, he too was unable to force his daughter to separate from her unbelieving husband. When the Muslims emigrated to Medina, Zaynab, although a convert, remained in Mecca with Abu al-As.

paragraph: In 624 Abu al-As fought in the Battle of Badr on the side of the polytheists and was captured by Abdullah ibn Jubayr al-Ansari. Zaynab sent a ransom for him via his brother Amr, including an onyx necklace that had been a wedding present from Khadija. At the sight of the necklace, Muhammad remembered Khadija and was moved. He sent Abu al-As back to Mecca without taking any of the ransom, on condition that Zaynab be sent to Medina. Hence Abu al-As was separated from Zaynab for the next four years. In her absence, he wrote poetry for her:

paragraph: poem"I remember Zaynab when she leaned on the waymark."

paragraph: "I said to a person who lived in the Haram, "Water!"

paragraph: "For the daughter of the Trustworthy." May Allah reward her!"

paragraph: "Virtuous she is, and every husband praises what he knows."/poem

paragraph: Section::::Conversion to Islam.

paragraph: In October 627 Abu al-As was returning from Syria with a caravan of merchandise when he was attacked by Muslim raiders. He escaped capture, but the raiders took the merchandise, much of which belonged to other people in Mecca. Abu al-As crept into Medina by night and asked Zaynab to grant him protection, which she immediately provided.

paragraph: The next morning he asked about the stolen property. Muhammad gave the raiders a choice: he asked them as a favour to restore his relative’s property. The raiders agreed to return everything, including "old skins and little leather bottles and even a little piece of wood." Abu al-As was then asked if he would like to become a Muslim and keep the Meccans' property. He replied, "It would be a bad beginning to my Islam if I were to betray my trust."

paragraph: Abu al-As continued his journey to Mecca and returned all his neighbours' investments to them. He then announced that he was a Muslim, "and I would have become a Muslim when I was with [Muhammad], but that I feared that you would think that I only wanted to rob you of your property." He emigrated to Medina in May or June 628.

paragraph: Muhammad allowed Abu al-As to live with Zaynab again without requiring a new contract or dower. Alternative traditions, however, assert that Abu Al-As did make a new contract and pay a new dower. Their reconciliation only lasted about a year, for Zaynab died in mid-629.

paragraph: Section::::After Zaynab.

paragraph: As a widower, Abu al-As returned to Mecca. He married again to Fakhita bint Sa'id ibn Al-As ibn Abi Umayya, and they had a daughter, Maryam. He never fought in any of the Islamic wars. He died in Mecca in February 634.

url: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/أبو_العاص_لقيط_بن_الربيع_بن_عبد_العزي_بن_عبد_شمس_العبشمي_القرشي.png

description: Sahaba of Muhammad

wikidata_label: Abu al-Aas ibn al-Rabee

wikipedia_title: Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi'


text:
NBC
CBS
KRMA-TV
University of Denver
Bachelor of Arts
New York City
NBC Page
Howdy Doody
Your Show of Shows
CBS Television City
Emily Griffith Opportunity School
Max Morath
Cripple Creek, Colorado
National Educational Television (NET)
KCET
KPBS
Santa Maria
James Salter
John Burroughs
John Muir
Theodore Roosevelt
Henry David Thoreau

categories: 2012 deaths,American television producers,University of Denver alumni,1927 births,American film producers

paragraph: Jim Case

paragraph: James W. Case (June 18, 1927 – March 19, 2012) was a director and producer for American television and film. He worked for NBC, CBS and various other media organizations throughout his career. He is most notable for his involvement in "The Ragtime Era", a 1959 television series which he directed during his time with KRMA-TV. Other educational works directed by Case include the "Redman's America" series, "Our Neighbor: The Moon", "The Naturalists", "Artists in America: James Salter" and many others.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career beginnings.

paragraph: Jim Case was born in Kansas City, Missouri on June 18, 1927. He served in the United States Army as a medic in Germany at the end of World War II. Afterwards, he attended the University of Kansas City (later University of Kansas City-Missouri), and graduated from the University of Denver in 1950 earning his Bachelor of Arts from what was then the Radio and Television Department of the university. During his time at the university, he met Noel Jordan who was a professor in his department and was a former NBC Executive. Upon graduation, Case was recommended by Jordan to NBC in New York City where he got an interview for a position as a NBC Page. Case obtained the position and learned the ropes of NBC in New York for 11 months and after this time was offered a staff job. Case worked in various capacities on several NBC shows including film producer for "Howdy Doody" and as a production assistant on Sid Caesar’s "Your Show of Shows", "All Star Review" and "Colgate Comedy Hour."

paragraph: Section::::Media career.

paragraph: After working in New York for four years, Case relocated to the west coast in 1954 and accepted a position as a budget control officer at CBS Television City located in Los Angeles, California. After six months he realized that budget control wasn't his calling, so he returned to Denver and pursued other opportunities. In 1955, Case returned to the University of Denver and taught a Television Production course in the Radio and Television Department. Through a mutual connection, he was made aware of a new production opportunity on the horizon in Denver and eventually became the director of the city's first educational television station, KRMA-TV (now known as Rocky Mountain PBS).

paragraph: When KRMA-TV went on-air on January 30, 1956, few knew that the television station, which initially aired broadcasts from a one-room studio in an old auto body shop at Denver’s Emily Griffith Opportunity School, would become a pioneer in educational programming. During his career at KRMA-TV, Case directed numerous educational programs including "Redman’s America" but struck gold with his 12-part television series, "The Ragtime Era," in 1959. The show featured the pianist Max Morath from Cripple Creek, Colorado, who, through his music and narratives, provided a social history about the United States. The show was different for its time because it strayed from conventional educational shows that simply presented information and instead, combined entertainment with education, which was appealing to new audiences. By the fall of 1960, the show was being aired on the National Educational Television (NET) network, which consisted of more than 50 stations, and was the first show to come from KRMA-TV that gained national exposure. In the winter of 1960, the Sunday Denver Post quoted John F. White, the president of National Education Television and Radio Center as saying of Case: "In Case, one observes a rare bird who combines executive ability, creative talent, an educational philosophy and exceptional professional broadcasting experience and quality standards." By 1964, educational stations that had rerun the series numerous times made the show the most watched noncommercial series of the time. Many credit Case as being “largely responsible for KRMA’s initial thrust which has kept the Denver station in the forefront of public television,” through the direction of this popular series and its follow-up titled "Turn of the Century".

paragraph: In 1964, Case left KRMA-TV and returned to Los Angeles after he was appointed the first program director of the NET station, KCET. Among the programs he produced were 30-minute films on Piatigorsky, Jean Renoir and King Vidor. “Later he became associated with KPBS, San Diego, and produced dozens of documentaries for public TV.” In 1966, Case returned to Colorado and went to work for the commercial advertising agency, Sam Lusky Associates, as a staff producer. During his time with Lusky's firm, Case directed a short 30-minute film for First National Bank, "Robbie and the White Bike", which was a dialogue free story about a boy who borrows his brother's bike to explore the city of Denver on a warm summer day. The film, set to an original score, was a source of much local and national recognition, including a Nike Award from the Art Directors Club of Denver.

paragraph: On the heels of the success from "Robbie and the White Bike", Jim Case formed his own production firm, Circle Films, in 1969. Case was poised to have great success with his next project; a documentary detailing the discovery and resurrection of Christopher Columbus' ship, the Santa Maria which Columbus sailed in his first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492. Eventually, the crew determined that the ship wasn't buried under a reef where it was initially thought to be resting and production came to a halt. Case went on to produce a film portrait of James Salter, an internationally known screen writer, director, and novelist for the "Artists in America" television series which aired on KRMA-TV in 1971. After this project, Case created a four-part series, "The Naturalists", about popular American naturalists John Burroughs, John Muir, Theodore Roosevelt and Henry David Thoreau. Directed by Case and aired on KRMA-TV in the spring of 1973, the films, which consist of a "blend of the four men's letters, prose and poetry," took Case and crew across the country to film in the habitats that inspired the four. "The Naturalists" became a popular series at the time and eventually was rerun as often as his popular 1959 series, "The Ragtime Era".

paragraph: Section::::Later life and death.

paragraph: In his later life, Case resided in Colorado with his wife. Despite being over 80 years old, Case, an avid golfer, continued to write. He wrote a series of golf-related essays, and “children’s books with more enthusiasm than skill.” He died on March 19, 2012 of prostate cancer. His papers, films and other materials from his long career will be archived at the University of Denver.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harbaugh, Daniel Warvelle. "Remembrance ... James W. 'Jim' Case - Creative TV Pioneer." Houston, TX: Danzmark Productions, 2015. .

description: American television and film director and producer

wikidata_label: Jim Case

wikipedia_title: Jim Case


text: Cesena

text: Rimini

text: Carlo I Malatesta

text: House of Malatesta

text: Giovanni Maria Visconti

text: Duke of Milan

text: Brescia

text: Filippo Maria Visconti

text: "Bellarion"

text: Raphael Sabatini

categories: Women of medieval Italy,15th-century women rulers,Duchesses of Milan,House of Malatesta

paragraph: Antonia Malatesta of Cesena

paragraph: Antonia Malatesta of Cesena, also known as Antonia Malatesta of Rimini, was the daughter (or possibly the niece) of Carlo I Malatesta, Lord of Cesena, Fano, Pesaro, and Rimini. To help ally himself with the House of Malatesta, Giovanni Maria Visconti, the Duke of Milan married Antonia in the city of Brescia in 1408. They had no issue. After Giovanni Maria’s assassination in 1412, the succeeding Duke of Milan, Filippo Maria Visconti, permitted Antonia to continue sharing the governance of the duchy for a few months. Although she soon retired to Cesena, she retained her title, Duchess of Milan.

paragraph: Section::::In art.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antonia Malatesta with her husband, Giovanni Maria Visconti, depicted as Mary and the child Jesus

paragraph: BULLET::::- A portrait of Antonia at the Certosa (a Carthusian monastery, probably in Pavia) and a portrait of her husband

paragraph: Section::::In literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bellarion", by Raphael Sabatini

description: Duchess of Milan

wikidata_label: Antonia Malatesta of Cesena

wikipedia_title: Antonia Malatesta of Cesena


text:
Count of the Mark
Arenberg
Eberhard II
Berg
Arenberg
Jülich
Adolf II
Count of Mark
Engelbert
Archbishop of Cologne
Eberhard
Count of Arenberg
Otto, Lord of Lippe
Adolf II of the Mark
Eberhard I of the Mark-Arenberg
Münster
Virneburg
Duchy of Westphalia
Hamm
Frederick the Fair
Ludwig IV
Bochum
Blankenstein Castle

categories: 1270s births,Counts of the Mark,Counts of Arenberg,1328 deaths

paragraph: Engelbert II of the Mark

paragraph: Engelbert II of the Mark (1275 – July 18, 1328) was Count of the Mark and through marriage, Count of Arenberg.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He was the son and heir of Count Eberhard II and his wife, Irmgard of Berg. On January 25, 1299, he married Mechtilde of Arenberg (died March 18, 1328), daughter of Johann of Arenberg and Katharina of Jülich. He and his wife had eight children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adolf II (died 1347), Count of Mark

paragraph: BULLET::::- Engelbert (died 1368), Archbishop of Cologne

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eberhard (died 1387), Count of Arenberg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mathilde

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irmgard (died 1360), married Otto, Lord of Lippe

paragraph: BULLET::::- Katharina (died 1360)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margareta

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richardis.

paragraph: The County of Mark then fell heir to his son, Adolf II of the Mark; ownership of Arenberg went to his son, Eberhard I of the Mark-Arenberg.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Engelbert II succeeded his father in 1308 and continued his father's efforts to maintain authority over the County of Mark. This necessitated conflict with Bishop Ludwig II of Münster, as well as the Archbishop of Cologne, Henry II of Virneburg, who also dominated the neighboring Duchy of Westphalia. When Bishop Ludwig II marched into Hamm in 1323, he fell into Engelbert's hands and was released only after paying 5,000 silvermarks, a very high ransom.

paragraph: During the dispute over the throne between Frederick the Fair and Ludwig IV, Engelbert II later allied himself temporarily with the Archbishop of Cologne, who supported Frederick. A short time later, Engelbert II switched his support to Ludwig IV, putting the Archbishop under such pressure, he was obliged to request a truce.

paragraph: Count Engelbert II granted the city of Bochum its town charter at Blankenstein Castle in 1321.

description: Count of the Mark, Count of Aremberg

wikidata_label: Engelbert II of the Mark

wikipedia_title: Engelbert II of the Mark


text:
Torhout
Horta
captain-major
Faial
Azores
Pico
Flemish
Wijnendale
West Flanders
bailiff
Adolph of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein
Martin Behaim
noble
Captain-Donee
Isabella of Portugal
Philip the Good
Charles the Bold
Praia do Almoxarife
Burgundy
Hundred Years War
Flamengos
Infante Ferdinand
Duke of Viseu
Infanta Beatrice
Willem De Kersemakere
Flores
Martin Behaim
Flemish
Azorean
Jácome de Bruges
Willem van der Haegen

categories: 1430 births,1495 deaths,Flemish diaspora,Donatary-Captains of the Azores

paragraph: Josse van Huerter

paragraph: Joost De Hurtere (1430 in Torhout – 1495 in Horta), also known by several transliterations (such as "Josse van Huerter, Josse van Hurtere", "Josse De Hurtere" or "Joss van Hürter", and later in Portuguese, "Joss de Utra" or just "Dutra") was the first settler, and captain-major of the island of Faial in the Portuguese Azores. After 1482, the island of Pico was also incorporated into his captaincy. His son, Joss de Utra would later inherit the captaincy from him after his death.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: De Hurtere, a name of Flemish origin, appears frequently in Portuguese writings, frequently with many variations. What is known, is that the family name De Hurtere evolved through Portuguese transliteration to Utra and later Dutra (a contraction of De Utra, "Of Utra"). Similarly, the city of Horta (settled by De Hurtere and his Flemish compatriots) would owe its name to an adulterated variation on the De Hurtere name. Joost, has also appeared with some variations; Joost De Hurtere himself used Josse and the shorter Joss in communications, although Joz, Job, Jobst and Jost have also been identified.

paragraph: He was the second son of Leon De Hurtere, , of a governing family with feudal holdings in Wijnendale, West Flanders: his father was a bailiff and chairman of the municipal council of Wijnendale appointed by Adolph of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein. Marcelino Lima was among the first who stated that the De Hurtere holdings were specifically in Hagebroek, refuting the claims of the German navigator and geographer Martin Behaim, in his Globo de Nuremberga (who believed that the noble family lived in Moerkirchen). The De Hurtere family was of noble lineage, and established heraldry, whom dedicated themselves in the homeland, which was confirmed by a 1527 document, by Jacques De Hurtere, of Flanders, the cousin of Joss de Utra (second Captain-Donee of Faial), and chronicled by Manuel Luís Maldonado.

paragraph: Little is known of his life prior to his participation in the great exploration and colonization of the 15th Century. What is known is that he frequented the circles of Flemish nobility, and made friendships in the court of Isabella of Portugal, the Duchess of Burgundy and Countess of Flanders (who established a parallel court to her husband). Although his family belonged to lower nobility, he was always under threat of a life in financial misery. Yet, he had pretensions to life as a courtesan and regularly overspent, but had the sensibility to accept the protection of the Duchess. It was at this time that the new Captain-Donee of the Azores, the Infante D. Fernando, established contacts with his aunt Isabella, wife of Duke Philip the Good and mother of Charles the Bold.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Captain-Donee.

paragraph: About 1460, Joost made an acquaintance of Friar Pedro, the Queen's confessor, who traveled with the Infanta Isabella. He developed a friendship with the young nobleman, and quickly promoted the advantages of exploration in the "new" islands of the Azores. D. Pedro talked to De Hurtere of the islands and what he believed were large deposits of silver and tin (referring to the islands as the fabled Ilhas Cassitérides or "Islands of Tin"). De Hurtere later convinced 15 impoverished Flemings of the profitability of a venture in the archipelago. Around 1465, De Hurtere first disembarked along the eastern coast in the channel between Pico and Faial, in an area that would later be known as Praia de Almofariz (now Praia do Almoxarife). The expedition remained in the area around Lomba dos Frades for about a year, until about the time their supplies ran out. It was at this time that many of his compatriots became disenchanted with De Hurtere and angered by the lack of return on their investments: finding none of the promised precious metals. Things escalated and De Hurtere nearly escaped to Flanders, abandoning some on the island, and returning hastily to the court of the Duchess of Burgundy.

paragraph: He returned, in 1466-67, with the aid of the Duchess of Burgundy, who assisted her vassal in his protection under the Crown of Portugal. The Duchess would send a two-year supply of the equipment, foodstuffs, animals and materials to support the fledgling colony made up of Flemish nationals looking for a new life following the Hundred Years War. But, quickly, He discovered the limitations of the area owing to the lack of sufficient potable water. He abandoned the main settlement in Almofariz, in favor of the adjacent valley (later known as the Valley of Flamengos). De Hurtere would later extend his community farther south along the shore of Horta Bay, where he would construct a small chapel to Santa Cruz, that would become the nucleus of the small village.

paragraph: The Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, had bestowed on De Hurtere the first captaincy of the island on 2 February 1468, which would later extend to the neighboring island of Pico (29 December 1482) by Infanta Beatrice.

paragraph: De Hurtere cultivated new relationships in Flanders, hoping to construct a "New Flanders" by attracting a second wave of settlers to Faial. One of them, Willem De Kersemakere, brought administrators, tradesmen, settlers and other compatriots to settle on the island. This was a short-term colony, owing to a falling out between De Hurtere and De Kersemakere, the latter abandoned the island, eventually settling on Flores. On 15 October 1484, De Hurtere was honored with a knighthood in the House of the Duke of Viseu.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Family and Later life.

paragraph: He was married to D. Beatriz de Macedo, daughter of Jerónimo Fernandes, the governess of the Infanta Beatrice, who bore him two children. De Hurtere's son, Joss de Utra (who would become the second Captain-General of Faial), and daughter, Dona Joana de Macedo were born on Faial. Joss de Utra would later marry Dona Isabel Corte Real, and Dona Joana would marry Martin Behaim, a German navigator/cartographer at the Chapel of Santa Cruz.

paragraph: Joost De Hurtere's cousin Josina De Hurtere and his illegitimate half brother Boudewijn De Hurtere (Balduino de Utra/Dutra) also settled on Faial around 1468. Boudewijn's daughter, Christina De Hurtere married the Flemish Antonius Cornelis and had one daughter, Isabella De Hurtere, who became the wife of Tomás de Pórras, the Elder.

paragraph: De Hurtere died in 1495 in Horta, and along with his wife (in 1531) would be buried in the Chapel of Santa Cruz, where today the Church of Nossa Senhora das Angústias is located.

paragraph: The descendants of the Azorean De Hurtere family exist to this day, the surname having changed to Dutra, Silveira and Morais (aka: Dutra de Morais).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jácome de Bruges

paragraph: BULLET::::- Willem van der Haegen

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- L. Fr. Claeys, André (2011). Vlaamse Adel op de Azoren sinds de 15de eeuw, Volume IV. Bruges. pp. 206-207.

description: Potrtuguese noble

wikidata_label: Josse van Huerter

wikipedia_title: Josse van Huerter


text:
German
Social Democratic Party (SPD)
Hamburg Parliament
first Mayor
Hamburg
First World War
Hamburg Parliament
Senate of Hamburg
First Mayor of Hamburg
Machtergreifung
Nazi
Weimar Germany

categories: 1872 births,1951 deaths,Members of the Hamburg Parliament,Mayors of Hamburg

paragraph: Rudolf Ross

paragraph: Rudolf Adolf Wilhelm Ross (Also styled Roß, 22 March 1872 – 16 February 1951) was a German teacher, politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), member of the Hamburg Parliament and first Mayor of Hamburg.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ross was born on 22 March 1872 in Hamburg and became a teacher in 1892. He served in the First World War from 1914 until 1918. In 1923 he married his wife Frieda, née Hinsch (1899–1975).

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: In 1919, Ross was elected as a member of the Hamburg Parliament, and served until 1933. He was President of the diet from 1920 until 1928. In 1928 the parliament elected Ross into the Senate of Hamburg and became Second Mayor, 1930 – 1931 he was First Mayor of Hamburg. On 3 March 1933 he resigned from the Hamburg Parliament under protest to the Machtergreifung—the Nazi takeover of power in Weimar Germany on 30 January 1933.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On 16 February 1951, Ross died after a long and severe illness in Hamburg.

description: German politician

wikidata_label: Rudolf Ross

wikipedia_title: Rudolf Ross


text:
bishop of Tournai
Catholic Encyclopedia
St. Medardus
St. Remigius
Gaul
Trinity
Nativity
Annunciation
martyr
canon priest
vita
diocese of Noyon
Arians
Childeric I
Irenaeus of Lyons
Blandain
Clovis
Pope Hormisdas
Arianism
Hedilo
translated
reliquary shrine
crozier
cathedral of Bruges
St. Eleutherius
Catholic Encyclopedia

categories: Frankish bishops,532 deaths,6th-century bishops,Year of birth unknown,Bishops of Tournai,Bishops in Gaul,6th-century Frankish saints

paragraph: Eleutherius of Tournai

paragraph: Saint Eleutherius of Tournai () (died c. 532) is venerated as a saint and considered the first bishop of Tournai. The "Catholic Encyclopedia" writes that "historically there is very little known about St. Eleutherius, but he was without doubt the first Bishop of Tournai."

paragraph: Tradition makes him a lifelong friend of St. Medardus, and the two saints had been courtiers before becoming bishops.

paragraph: Eleutherius was probably named bishop of Tournai after St. Remigius organized the church hierarchy of northern Gaul at the end of the fifth century.

paragraph: Some sermons on the Trinity, Nativity, and the feast of the Annunciation ("Bibliotheca Patrum, vol. XV") are falsely attributed to him.

paragraph: Section::::Martyrdom.

paragraph: Eleutherius is venerated as a martyr although this legend is considered an invention of the canon priest Henri of Tournai, who wrote a "vita" of Eleutherius in 1141. At the end of the 11th century the Church of Tournai had been trying to become independent from the diocese of Noyon, and Henri had been motivated by the need to prove the antiquity of the Church of Tournai. "Catholic Online" repeats the legend that a "group of Arians enraged by his preaching beat him severely He died some weeks later [sic]."

paragraph: Henri's account states that Eleutherius was a native of Tournai who was born during the reign of Childeric I. Eleutherius' parents were Christians and were named Terenus and Blanda; Terenus was a descendant in the family of Irenaeus of Lyons. Persecutions of Christians forced the family to flee to a village named "Blandinium" (Blandain), but after the conversion of Clovis to Christianity, the family built a church at Blandinium (Blandain). Eleutherius eventually became bishop of Tournai, and was consulted by Pope Hormisdas on the matter of eradicating Arianism. Eleutherius convened a church council, and argued effectively against the Arians, who were angered by this. One day, as he was going to church, he was beaten up by a group of Arians and left for dead. He subsequently died from the wounds he received, on his death-bed confiding his flock to Medardus.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: There exists a testimony recording the recovery of his relics during the episcopate of Bishop Hedilo of Tournai, in 897 or 898. Bishop Baudoin translated Eleutherius' relics in 1064 or 1065. Eleutherius’ relics were translated again in 1247, when the great reliquary shrine was commissioned by Bishop Walter de Marvis. In its gable end St Eleutherius appears, holding his crozier in one hand and in the other a model of the cathedral with its five spires.

paragraph: The monastery of St. Martin at Tournai and the cathedral of Bruges also claimed some of the saint's relics.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Eleutherius at the Catholic Encyclopedia

description: Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Eleutherius of Tournai

wikipedia_title: Eleutherius of Tournai


text:
Italian
marine pilot
compass
fleur-de-lis
Charles of Anjou
French
Naples
Amalfi
Positano
Naples
Gioia
Apulia
lunar crater
Gioja

categories: 14th-century deaths,Italian sailors,Italian inventors,People from Campania,13th-century births

paragraph: Flavio Gioja

paragraph: Flavio Gioia or Gioja (; 1300 – ?) is reputed to have been an Italian mariner and inventor, supposedly a marine pilot, and has traditionally been credited with perfecting the sailor's compass by suspending its needle over a fleur-de-lis design, and enclosing it in a little box with a glass cover. He was also said to have introduced such design, which pointed North, in deference to Charles of Anjou, the French king of Naples.

paragraph: Flavio Gioia's birthplace is alternately given as Amalfi, Positano, Naples, or Gioia, a town in Apulia, hence the derivation of the reputed surname.

paragraph: The lunar crater Gioja is named after him.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- [https://web.archive.org/web/20071128001608/http://www.sapere.it/tca/MainApp?srvc=dcmnt&url=/tc/storia/articoli/DP/M/Bussola/Bussola.jsp Si trattò soltanto di un errore dovuto ad una virgola] (It was just a mistake caused by a comma) (found at sapere.it, stored at archive.org)

description: imaginary Italian mariner and inventor

wikidata_label: Flavio Gioja

wikipedia_title: Flavio Gioja