text:
major general
Continental Army
American Revolution
Farmington, Connecticut
New Britain, Connecticut
Colonel
French and Indian War
Siege of Havana
Yale College
studied law
justice of the peace
Lenox, Massachusetts
board of selectmen
assessor
Massachusetts House of Representatives
Stockbridge, Massachusetts
Boston Port Act
American Revolution
colonel
militia
Siege of Boston
1st Massachusetts Regiment
Battle of Bunker Hill
Invasion of Canada
Trenton
Princeton
New Jersey
brigadier general
Continental Army
Saratoga Campaign
brigade
Horatio Gates
10th
11th
12th
14th Massachusetts Regiment
1st Berkshire County Militia Regiment
George Washington
Battle of Monmouth
Hudson Valley
major general
Private
4th Massachusetts Regiment
Deborah Sampson
Continental Army
Society of the Cincinnati
moderator
fence viewer
Berkshire County
Pittsfield
Shays's Rebellion
Broome
Tioga
Lisle
New York State Assembly
1793
Triangle
Whitney Point
Democratic-Republican
United States House of Representatives
8th United States Congress
Thomas J. Paterson
John E. Paterson
Thomas Egleston
John Paterson

categories: Politicians from New Britain, Connecticut,Yale College alumni,Connecticut lawyers,Members of the New York State Assembly,People from Lisle, New York,Continental Army officers from Massachusetts,Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives,Members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state),Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives,New York (state) state court judges,American militia generals,1808 deaths,People from Lenox, Massachusetts,Massachusetts lawyers,New York (state) lawyers,1744 births,New York (state) Democratic-Republicans,Continental Army generals

paragraph: John Paterson (New York politician)

paragraph: John Paterson (often spelled Patterson) (1744 – July 19, 1808) was a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolution, and a U.S. Congressman from New York.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Paterson was born in 1744 in either Farmington, Connecticut or New Britain, Connecticut. His mother was Ruth (Bird) Paterson, and his father Colonel John Paterson (1708-1762), was a militia veteran of the French and Indian War, who died during the Siege of Havana. He graduated from Yale College in 1762, studied law, attained admission to the bar, and practiced in New Britain. He was a justice of the peace in New Britain until 1774, when he moved to Lenox, Massachusetts. Paterson was elected to the Lenox board of selectmen and as a town assessor. The town's proprietor's also chose him to serve as their clerk, which required him to maintain records of land transactions and ownership. He was elected to represent Lenox in the Massachusetts House of Representatives in both 1774 and 1775. He also represented Lenox at the 1774 Berkshire Convention, held in Stockbridge, Massachusetts to discuss how to respond to the Boston Port Act. When the governor dissolved the legislature as pre-revolution tensions continued to rise, the people of Massachusetts formed a provincial Congress. Paterson was elected as Lenox's representative in both 1774 and 1775.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolution.

paragraph: When the American Revolution began in April 1775 Paterson was commissioned as a colonel by the Massachusetts Committee of Safety, and he marched with his militia unit to take part in the Siege of Boston. Paterson's command, the 1st Massachusetts Regiment saw action at the Battle of Bunker Hill. After the British evacuation of Boston, Paterson's regiment took part in the Invasion of Canada and the battles of Trenton and Princeton in New Jersey. On February 21, 1777 Paterson was promoted to brigadier general in the Continental Army.

paragraph: During the Saratoga Campaign of 1777 Paterson commanded a brigade of Horatio Gates' army, consisting of the 10th, 11th, 12th, and 14th Massachusetts Regiments, and the 1st Berkshire County Militia Regiment.

paragraph: Paterson served under George Washington at the Battle of Monmouth in 1778. He served primarily in the Hudson Valley of New York until the end of the war. In September 1783, he received promotion to major general, and he was discharged in December 1783. Paterson was one of the last generals to leave active duty at the end of the war.

paragraph: While Paterson served in New York in 1782 and 1783, his personal staff included Private Robert Shirtliff of the 4th Massachusetts Regiment, who served as a waiter. Shirtliff (also spelled Shirtliffe or Shurtleff) was later revealed to be Deborah Sampson, a woman who had disguised herself as a man in order to join the Continental Army. Rather than reprimand her, as had often been the case with women discovered in the ranks, Paterson provided her with a certificate of honorable discharge, a note with words of encouragement, and money sufficient to pay for travel to her home in Massachusetts.

paragraph: In January 1783, Paterson took part in the organizational meeting that created the Society of the Cincinnati, and he was one the society's charter members.

paragraph: Section::::Return to Massachusetts.

paragraph: After the war Paterson returned to Massachusetts, where he resumed practicing law, and also served in local offices including town meeting moderator, selectman, fence viewer, tax assessor, and highway surveyor. In addition, he was the leader of the successful movement to locate the Berkshire County seat in Lenox. (It was moved to Pittsfield in 1860.) In 1785, he was again elected to represent Lenox in the state House of Representatives. In 1786, he was commissioned as a major general in the Massachusetts Militia, and assigned to command the militia's 9th Division. In 1786 and 1787, Paterson commanded militia units that took part in the quelling of Shays's Rebellion.

paragraph: Section::::Move to New York.

paragraph: In 1790, Paterson was one of the investors in the Boston Patent, a large land grant in Broome and Tioga Counties, New York. In 1791, he moved to Lisle, a newly-organized town in Tioga County. He was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1793. The area of Lisle where Paterson settled was later organized as the town of Triangle; the site of his home and farm was in what is now the village of Whitney Point.

paragraph: In 1798, Paterson was appointed judge of the Tioga County Court, and he served until 1806. When Broome County was organized separately from Tioga in 1806, Paterson was appointed judge of the new county's court.

paragraph: In the late 1700s and early 1800s, Deborah Sampson published a memoir and made a lecture tour in which she gave presentations about her military service. Her tour took her to New York, and from November to December 1802, she visited Paterson in Lisle. While she stayed with Paterson, Sampson was able to take part in reunions with other former Massachusetts soldiers who had settled in the area of the Boston Patent.

paragraph: In 1802, Paterson was a successful Democratic-Republican candidate for the United States House of Representatives. He served in the 8th United States Congress (March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1805), and was not a candidate for reelection in 1804.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: Paterson died in Lisle on July 19, 1808. He was originally interred at Riverside Cemetery in Whitney Point. In 1892 he was reburied at Church on the Hill Cemetery in Lenox, Massachusetts.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1766, Paterson married Elizabeth Lee. They were the parents of seven children, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Josiah Lee (1766–1846), who married Clarissa Hyde

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hannah (1769-1803), the wife of Azariah Egleston

paragraph: BULLET::::- Polly (1773-1790)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ruth (1774-1842), the wife of Ira Seymour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Betsey (1784-1784)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Pierce (1787-1842), who married Sally Osborn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mariah (1790-1865), the wife of Samuel Kilborn

paragraph: Congressman Thomas J. Paterson (1805–1885) and State Senator John E. Paterson (born 1800) were Paterson's grandsons. Scientist and academic Thomas Egleston was his great-grandson.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Paterson at Virtual American Biographies

description: American politician

wikidata_label: John Paterson

wikipedia_title: John Paterson (New York politician)


text: Arab

text: Muslim geographer

text: cartographer

text: Egyptologist

text: Palermo

text: Sicily

text: Roger II

text: Ceuta

text: Moroccan

text: Almoravids

text: Hammudid

text: North Africa

text: Al-Andalus

text: Idrisids

text: Morocco

text: prophet Muhammad

text: Ceuta

text: Hammudid

text: Málaga

text: Zirids

text: Granada

text: Anatolia

text: Córdoba

text: Portugal

text: Pyrenees

text: Hungary

text: Jórvík

text: York

text: Al-Andalus

text: Abu al-Salt

text: Norman

text: Fatimid

text: Islamic merchants

text: Tabula Rogeriana

text: Norman

text: Roger II of Sicily

text: Eurasia

text: northern part

text: Horn of Africa

text: S.P. Scott

text: Ibn Battuta

text: Ibn Khaldun

text: Piri Reis

text: Christopher Columbus

text: Vasco Da Gama

text: Tabula Rogeriana

text: Great Ireland

text: Iceland

text: Norse

text: Greenland

text: junk

text: Hangzhou

text: Quanzhou

text: Pluto

text: Al-Idrisi Montes

text: geographical coordinates

text: Claudius Ptolemy

text: Ishaq ibn al-Hasan al-Zayyat

text: Maronite's

text: Pierre Amédée Jaubert

text: Muhammad Hamidullah

text: Sargasso Sea

text: seaweed

text: Bermuda

text: Azores

text: Madeira

text: Canary Island

text: El Hierro

text: Tenerife

text: Gran Canaria

text: Guanche

text: Lisbon

text: Corvo, Cape Verde

text: Tariq Ali

text: King Roger

text: Pascal Mercier

text: Marino Sanuto the Elder

text: Antonio Malfante

text: Jaume Ferrer

text: Alonso Fernández de Lugo

text: IDRISI

text: Clark University

text: Mauritius

text: planisphere

text: semiologist

text: Khal Torabully

text: Port-Louis

text: Al-Bakri

text: Ibn Jubayr

text: Abu al-Salt

text: History of cartography

text: Islamic geography

text: List of Arab scientists

text: Volume 1

text: Volume 2

text: Britannica

text: Online exhibition

text: Bibliothèque nationale de France

text: Idrisi's world map

text: Library of Congress

text: IDRISI GIS home page

text: Original Nuzhatul Mushtaq text

categories: 1100 births,Medieval Islamic travel writers,Holy Land travellers,Kingdom of Sicily people,Medieval Arab geographers,1160s deaths,People from Ceuta,Banu Hammud,Geographers of medieval Islam

paragraph: Muhammad al-Idrisi

paragraph: Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Idrisi al-Qurtubi al-Hasani as-Sabti, or simply al-Idrisi (; ; 1100 – 1165), was an Arab Muslim geographer, cartographer and Egyptologist who lived in Palermo, Sicily at the court of King Roger II. Muhammed al-Idrisi was born in Ceuta then belonging to the Moroccan Almoravids.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Al-Idrisi was born into the large Hammudid family of North Africa and Al-Andalus, which claimed descent from the Idrisids of Morocco and ultimately the prophet Muhammad.

paragraph: Al-Idrisi was born in the city of Ceuta, where his great-grandfather had been forced to settle after the fall of Hammudid Málaga to the Zirids of Granada. He spent much of his early life travelling through North Africa and Al-Andalus (Muslim Spain of the times) and seems to have acquired detailed information on both regions. He visited Anatolia when he was barely 16. He studied in Córdoba.

paragraph: His travels took him to many parts of Europe including Portugal, the Pyrenees, the French Atlantic coast, Hungary, and Jórvík (now known as York).

paragraph: Section::::Tabula Rogeriana.

paragraph: Because of conflict and instability in Al-Andalus al-Idrisi joined contemporaries such as Abu al-Salt in Sicily, where the Normans had overthrown Arabs formerly loyal to the Fatimids.

paragraph: Al-Idrisi incorporated the knowledge of Africa, the Indian Ocean and the Far East gathered by Islamic merchants and explorers and recorded on Islamic maps with the information brought by the Norman voyagers to create the most accurate map of the world in pre-modern times, which served as a concrete illustration of his "Kitab nuzhat al-mushtaq", (Latin: "Opus Geographicum"), which may be translated "A Diversion for the Man Longing to Travel to Far-Off Places".

paragraph: The Tabula Rogeriana was drawn by al-Idrisi in 1154 for the Norman King Roger II of Sicily, after a stay of eighteen years at his court, where he worked on the commentaries and illustrations of the map. The map, with legends written in Arabic, while showing the Eurasian continent in its entirety, only shows the northern part of the African continent and lacks details of the Horn of Africa and Southeast Asia.

paragraph: For Roger it was inscribed on a massive disc of solid silver, two metres in diameter.

paragraph: On the geographical work of al-Idrisi, S.P. Scott wrote in 1904:

paragraph: Al-Idrisi inspired Islamic geographers such as Ibn Battuta, Ibn Khaldun and Piri Reis. His map also inspired Christopher Columbus and Vasco Da Gama.

paragraph: Section::::Tabula Rogeriana.:Description of islands in the North Sea.

paragraph: Al-Idrisi in his famous "Tabula Rogeriana" mentioned "Irlandah-al-Kabirah" (Great Ireland). According to him, "from the extremity of Iceland to that of Great Ireland," the sailing time was "one day." Although historians note that both al-Idrisi and the Norse tend to understate distances, the only location this reference is thought to have possibly pointed to, must likely have been in Greenland.

paragraph: Section::::Tabula Rogeriana.:Description of Chinese trade.

paragraph: Al-Idrisi mentioned that Chinese junks carried leather, swords, iron and silk. He mentions the glassware of the city of Hangzhou and labels Quanzhou's silk as the best.

paragraph: In his records of Chinese trade, al-Idrisi also wrote about the Silla Dynasty (one of Korea's historical Dynasties, and a major trade partner to China at the time), and was one of the first Arabs to do so. Al-Idrisi's references to Silla led other Arab merchants to seek Silla and its trade, and contributed to many Arabs' perception of Silla as the ideal East-Asian country.

paragraph: Section::::Nuzhat al-Mushtaq.

paragraph: As well as the maps, al-Idrisi produced a compendium of geographical information with the title "Kitab nuzhat al-mushtaq fi'khtiraq al-'afaq". The title has been translated as "The book of pleasant journeys into faraway lands" or "The pleasure of him who longs to cross the horizons". It has been preserved in nine manuscripts, seven of which contain maps.

paragraph: The translated title of this work (in the "pleasure of him ..." form) attracted favourable comment from the team selecting lists of names for features expected to be discovered by the New Horizons probe reconnoitring the Pluto system. The Al-Idrisi Montes is a geographical feature in that system named after him.

paragraph: In the introduction, al-Idrisi mentions two sources for geographical coordinates: Claudius Ptolemy and "an astronomer" that must be Ishaq ibn al-Hasan al-Zayyat; and states that he has cross-checked oral reports from different informers to see if geographical coordinates were consistent.

paragraph: Section::::Nuzhat al-Mushtaq.:Publication and translation.

paragraph: An abridged version of the Arabic text was published in Rome in 1592 with title: "De geographia universali or Kitāb Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī dhikr al-amṣār wa-al-aqṭār wa-al-buldān wa-al-juzur wa-al-madā’ in wa-al-āfāq" which in English would be "Recreation of the desirer in the account of cities, regions, countries, islands, towns, and distant lands". This was one of the first Arabic books ever printed. The first translation from the original Arabic was into Latin. The Maronite's Gabriel Sionita and Joannes Hesronita translated an abridged version of the text which was published in Paris in 1619 with the title of "Geographia nubiensis". Not until the middle of the 19th century was a complete translation of the Arabic text published. This was a translation into French by Pierre Amédée Jaubert. More recently sections of the text have been translated for particular regions. Beginning in 1970 a critical edition of the complete Arabic text was published.

paragraph: Section::::Nuzhat al-Mushtaq.:Andalusian-American contact.

paragraph: Al-Idrisi's geographical text, "Nuzhat al-Mushtaq", is often cited by proponents of pre-Columbian Andalusian-Americas contact theories. In this text, al-Idrisi wrote the following on the Atlantic Ocean:

paragraph: This translation by Professor Muhammad Hamidullah is however questionable, since it reports, after having reached an area of "sticky and stinking waters", the "Mugharrarin" (also translated as "the adventurers") moved back and first reached an uninhabited island where they found "a huge quantity of sheep the meat of which was bitter and uneatable" and, then, "continued southward" and reached the above reported island where they were soon surrounded by barques and brought to "a village whose inhabitants were often fair-haired with long and flaxen hair and the women of a rare beauty". Among the villagers, one spoke Arabic and asked them where they came from. Then the king of the village ordered them to bring them back to the continent where they were surprised to be welcomed by Berbers.

paragraph: Apart from the marvellous and fanciful reports of this history, the most probable interpretation is that the "Mugharrarin" reached the Sargasso Sea, a part of the ocean covered by seaweed, which is very close to Bermuda yet one thousand miles away from the American mainland. Then while coming back, they may have landed either on the Azores, or on Madeira or even on the westernmost Canary Island, El Hierro (because of the sheep). Last, the story with the inhabited island might have occurred either on Tenerife or on Gran Canaria, where the "Mugharrarin" presumably met members of the Guanche tribe. This would explain why some of them could speak Arabic (some sporadic contacts had been maintained between the Canary Islands and Morocco) and why they were quickly deported to Morocco where they were welcomed by Berbers. Yet, the story reported by Idrisi is an indisputable account of a certain knowledge of the Atlantic Ocean by Andalusians and Moroccans.

paragraph: Furthermore, al-Idrisi writes an account of eight "Mugharrarin" all from the same family who set sail from Lisbon ("Achbona") in the first half of that century and navigated in the seaweed rich seas beyond the Azores.

paragraph: Idrisi describes an island of cormorants with which has been tentatively identified as Corvo, Cape Verde but on weak grounds.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Idrisi was the main character in Tariq Ali's book entitled "A Sultan in Palermo".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Idrisi is a major character in Karol Szymanowksi's 1926 opera King Roger.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Idrisi's ideas on Mare Tenebrarum are alluded to in Pascal Mercier's book entitled "Night Train to Lisbon".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Idrisi's works had a profound influence on European writers such as: Marino Sanuto the Elder, Antonio Malfante, Jaume Ferrer and Alonso Fernández de Lugo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The popular IDRISI GIS system, developed by Clark University, is named after Muhammad al-Idrisi

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2010, the Government of Mauritius unveiled a planisphere of al-Idrisi at Travellers's Lane, initiated by semiologist Khal Torabully, at the Jardin de la Compagnie, Port-Louis, to pay hommage to the work of the geographer.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Bakri

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ibn Jubayr

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abu al-Salt

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of cartography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Islamic geography

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Arab scientists

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- . A critical edition of the Arabic text.

paragraph: BULLET::::- . ; Volume 2. Gallica: Volume 1; Volume 2. Complete translation of "Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī ikhtirāq al-āfāq" into French.

paragraph: BULLET::::- . First published in 1981. Section on the Maghrib and Sudan from "Nuzhat al-mushtaq fi ikhtiraq al-afaq".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ferrer-Gallardo, X. and Kramsch, O. T. (2016), Revisiting Al-Idrissi: The EU and the (Euro)Mediterranean Archipelago Frontier. "Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie", 107: 162–176. doi:10.1111/tesg.12177 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tesg.12177/abstract

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Britannica

paragraph: BULLET::::- Online exhibition, Bibliothèque nationale de France (French)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Idrisi's world map, Library of Congress. Konrad Miller's 1927 consolidation and transliteration, with high-resolution zoom browser.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries High resolution images of works by al-Idrisi in .jpg and .tiff format.

paragraph: BULLET::::- IDRISI GIS home page

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Travels into the Inland Parts of Africa: Containing a Description of the Several Nations for the Space of Six Hundred Miles up the River Gambia" features English translations of work by al-Idrisi. The manuscript dates from 1738.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Original Nuzhatul Mushtaq text

alias: Abû abd ʻAllâh Mohammad ʻibn Mohammad ʻibn ʻIdris,

description: Medieval Arab geographer

wikidata_label: Muhammad al-Idrisi

wikipedia_title: Muhammad al-Idrisi


text:
Republican
Gallia County, Ohio
United States
Ohio State Senate
President of the Senate
Gallia County
Ohio
American Civil War
117th Ohio Infantry
Cincinnati, Ohio
Gallipolis
Ohio Governor
Foraker
Campbell
McKinley
Republicans
Ohio State Senate

categories: People from Gallia County, Ohio,People of Ohio in the American Civil War,1840 births,Ohio Republicans,Presidents of the Ohio State Senate

paragraph: John C. Hutsinpiller

paragraph: John C. Hutsinpiller (11 December, 1840 – 20 June, 1927) was a Republican politician from Gallia County, Ohio, United States who served in the Ohio State Senate 1894 to 1898, and was President of the Senate 1896 to 1898.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: John C. Hutsinpiller was born in Gallia County, Ohio on December 11, 1840. He lived on a farm until the American Civil War broke out. He enlisted in the 117th Ohio Infantry on August 12, 1862 or August 19, 1862. This regiment became the First Ohio Heavy Artillery. He mustered out July 25, 1865.

paragraph: Hutsinpiller took a course at Nelson's Business College, and started a furniture manufacturing business in Cincinnati, Ohio. He moved the business to Gallipolis, Gallia County in 1868, known as the "Fuller & Hutsinpiller Company".

paragraph: He was appointed a trustee of the Athens State Asylum by Ohio Governor Foraker, and was re-appointed by Governors Campbell and McKinley.

paragraph: In 1893, Hutsinpiller was nominated by the Republicans for the eighth district of the Ohio State Senate, and was elected by a majority of 11,720. He was re-elected in 1895, and was selected as president pro tem in the 72nd General Assembly, 1896-1898.

paragraph: Hutsinpiller was married to Mary S. Stewart in 1873. They had two children. He died June 20, 1927 at Gallipolis, and is buried at Mound Hill Cemetery. He was a Methodist and Mason.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: John C. Hutsinpiller

wikipedia_title: John C. Hutsinpiller


text: French

text: psychologist

text: Collège de France

text: Davos University Course

text: Davos

text: Albert Einstein

text: Hans Driesch

text: Inetop

text: Société zoologique de France

categories: French psychologists,1964 deaths,Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences,1881 births,Collège de France faculty,Place of birth missing

paragraph: Henri Piéron

paragraph: Louis Charles Henri Piéron (18 July 1881 – 6 November 1964) was a French psychologist. He was one of the founders of scientific psychology in France.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Henri Piéron was Professor of Physiology of Sensation at the Collège de France from 1923 to 1951. He took part in the first Davos University Course (a project to start an international university based in Davos) in 1928, along with many other prominent academics such as Albert Einstein and Hans Driesch. The same year, he created the "Institut national d'orientation professionnelle" (INOP), which became the "Institut national d'étude du travail et d'orientation professionnelle" (Inetop) in 1942, and is now supported by the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers. After founding the first institute for "careers", he took charge of training guidance counsellors and conducted research into the field of counselling psychology. He became president of the Société zoologique de France in 1946.

description: French psychologist

enwikiquote_title: Henri Piéron

wikidata_label: Henri Piéron

wikipedia_title: Henri Piéron


text: English

text: Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall

text: John of England

text: Robert the Bruce

text: Scotland

text: Pembroke Castle

text: William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke

text: Isabel de Clare

text: Earls of Pembroke

text: Norfolk

text: Surrey

text: Derby

text: Lord of Abergavenny

text: Swanscombe

text: Tewkesbury Abbey

text: Agnes de Clare

text: Amice de Clare

text: 6th Earl of Devon

text: Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford

text: Isabel de Clare

text: Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale

text: Robert the Bruce

text: William de Clare

text: Brittany

text: Plymouth

text: Cranborne

text: Tewkesbury

text: Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall

text: Fawley

text: King Henry

text: Marlow, Buckinghamshire

text: Reading Abbey

text: Henry of Almain

text: Guy

text: Hailes Abbey

text: Berkhamsted Castle

text: Beaulieu Abbey

text: liver failure

text: Berkhamsted Castle

text: Tewkesbury Abbey

text: Beaulieu Abbey

text: Tewkesbury

categories: 1240 deaths,English countesses,People from Pembrokeshire,1200 births,13th-century English women,Deaths in childbirth

paragraph: Isabel Marshal

paragraph: Isabel Marshal (9 October 1200 – 17 January 1240) was a medieval English countess. She was the wife of both Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford and 5th Earl of Gloucester and Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall (son of King John of England). With the former, she was a great grandmother of King Robert the Bruce of Scotland.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Born at Pembroke Castle, Isabel was the seventh child, and second daughter, of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Clare. She had 9 siblings: 4 sisters and 5 brothers, who included the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th Earls of Pembroke; each of her brothers dying without a legitimate male heir, thus passing the title on to the next brother in line. Her last brother to hold the title of Earl of Pembroke died without legitimate issue, and the title was passed down through the family of Isabel's younger sister Joan. Her sisters married, respectively, the Earls of Norfolk, Surrey, and Derby; the Lord of Abergavenny and the Lord of Swanscombe.

paragraph: Section::::First marriage.

paragraph: On her 17th birthday, Isabel was married to Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford and 5th Earl of Gloucester, who was 20 years her senior, at Tewkesbury Abbey. The marriage was an extremely happy one, despite the age difference, and the couple had six children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agnes de Clare (b. 1218)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amice de Clare (1220–1287), who married the 6th Earl of Devon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford (1222–1262)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabel de Clare (2 November 1226 – 10 July 1264), who married the Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale; through this daughter, Isabel would be the great grandmother of Robert the Bruce

paragraph: BULLET::::- William de Clare (1228–1258)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gilbert de Clare (b. 1229), a priest

paragraph: Isabel's husband Gilbert joined in an expedition to Brittany in 1229, but died 25 October 1230 on his way back to Penrose, in that duchy. His body was conveyed home by way of Plymouth and Cranborne, to Tewkesbury, where he was buried at the abbey.

paragraph: Section::::Second marriage.

paragraph: Isabel was a young widow, only 30 years old. She had proven childbearing ability and the ability to bear healthy sons; as evidenced by her six young children, three of whom were sons. These were most likely the reasons for both the proposal of marriage from Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall, and Isabel's acceptance of it, despite the fact that her husband had been dead for only five months. The two were married on 30 March 1231 at Fawley Church, much to the displeasure of Richard's brother King Henry, who had been arranging a more advantageous match for Richard. Isabel and Richard got along well enough, though Richard had a reputation as a womanizer and is known to have had mistresses during the marriage. They were the parents of four children, three of whom died in the cradle.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John of Cornwall (31 January 1232 – 22 September 1233), born and died at Marlow, Buckinghamshire, buried at Reading Abbey

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabella of Cornwall (9 September 1233 – 10 October 1234), born and died at Marlow, Buckinghamshire, buried at Reading Abbey

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry of Almain (2 November 1235 – 13 March 1271), murdered by his cousins Guy and Simon de Montfort, buried at Hailes Abbey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicholas of Cornwall (b. & d. 17 January 1240 Berkhamsted Castle), died shortly after birth, buried at Beaulieu Abbey with his mother

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: Isabel died of liver failure, contracted while in childbirth, on 17 January 1240, at Berkhamsted Castle. She was 39 years old.

paragraph: When Isabel was dying she asked to be buried next to her first husband at Tewkesbury Abbey, but Richard had her interred at Beaulieu Abbey, with her infant son, instead. As a pious gesture, however, he sent her heart, in a silver-gilt casket, to Tewkesbury.

paragraph: Section::::Media.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabel and her husband Richard appear as characters in Virginia Henley's historical novels, "The Marriage Prize" and "The Dragon and the Jewel".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- volume II, page 359 & volume III, page 244

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denholm-Young, Noel. "Richard of Cornwall", 1947

description: medieval English countess

wikidata_label: Isabel Marshal

wikipedia_title: Isabel Marshal


text: KBE

text: Labor Party

text: New South Wales

text: Nationalist

text: Progressive

text: Alexandria

text: Henry George

text: New South Wales Labor Party

text: Blayney

text: W. P. (Paddy) Crick

text: 1907 state election

text: William Holman

text: Charles Wade

text: James McGowen

text: 1913 state election

text: Waverley

text: called to the bar

text: barrister

text: New South Wales Legislative Council

text: Wagga Wagga

text: proportional representation

text: Murray

text: Waterside Workers' Federation

text: knighted

text: H. V. Evatt

categories: Australian non-fiction writers,20th-century Australian poets,Australian politicians awarded knighthoods,Australian male poets,Australian male dramatists and playwrights,Australian male novelists,1942 deaths,Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly,Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire,20th-century Australian novelists,1869 births,Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council,20th-century Australian judges,20th-century Australian dramatists and playwrights

paragraph: George Beeby

paragraph: Sir George Stephenson Beeby KBE (23 May 1869 – 18 July 1942) was an Australian politician, judge and author. He was one of the founders of the Labor Party in New South Wales, and represented the party in state parliament from 1907 to 1912. He fell out with the party and later served as an independent, a Nationalist, and a Progressive. He left parliament in 1920 to join the state arbitration court, and in 1926 was appointed to the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration. He was Chief Judge from 1939 until his retirement in 1941.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Beeby was born in Alexandria, Sydney, the second son of English-born Edward Augustus Beeby, a book-keeper, and his wife Isabel, née Thompson. Beeby was educated at Crown Street Public School and entered the education department of N.S.W. on 3 July 1884 where he became a pupil teacher at Macdonald Town (Erskineville) Public School. Subsequently he was an accountant, and in 1900 qualified as a solicitor. He had become interested in the land taxation proposals of Henry George in 1890 and was prominent in the beginnings of the New South Wales Labor Party.

paragraph: Beeby worked as a journalist for a while and then began practising as a solicitor. The 1901 arbitration act brought him much business; it was stated in 1906 that his firm had been concerned in two hundred disputes. In January 1907 Beeby stood as a Labor candidate for Blayney at a by-election due to the resignation of W. P. (Paddy) Crick, but Beeby was defeated by 23 votes.

paragraph: Section::::Parliamentary career.

paragraph: Beeby won the seat of Blayney for the Labor Party at the 1907 state election, and with William Holman was successful in considerably modifying the amending industrial disputes bill brought in by Charles Wade. When James McGowen formed the first New South Wales Labor ministry in October 1910, Beeby was his minister of public instruction and of labour and industry until 11 September 1911 when he became minister for public works until December 1912. He had, however, come to the conclusion that the time had arrived for the formation of a party which would include the moderates of all parties. He resigned from the Labor Party and parliament in December 1912, and was re-elected for Blayney as an independent on 23 January 1913. Prior to the 1913 state election, he created the National Progressive Party and ran a slate of 10 candidates. Only he polled over 10 percent of the vote, winning 19.5 percent in the seat of Waverley. His voters helped elected a Labor candidate in the second round. He subsequently announced that his party had failed and there was no room for a third party in New South Wales.

paragraph: Beeby had been called to the bar in 1911 and now worked up a successful practice as a barrister. When Holman formed his national ministry in November 1916 Beeby became minister for labour and industry with a seat in the New South Wales Legislative Council. In 1918 Beeby, who had in the meanwhile been elected to the assembly for Wagga Wagga, succeeded in passing an industrial arbitration amendment act though it was strongly opposed by the Labour party. Towards the end of 1918 he visited Britain and the United States and, shortly after his return in June 1919, resigned from the government as a protest against administrative acts in connexion with the sale of wheat and the allotting of coal contracts. In March 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, he was elected as the member for Murray.

paragraph: Section::::Judge.

paragraph: In August 1920, Beeby resigned from parliament to be appointed a judge of the New South Wales arbitration court. In 1928 he became a member of the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration bench. In the same year Beeby imposed an award favourable to the Federal Government's industrial policy which the Waterside Workers' Federation rejected. This resulted in strike action and later violence. Beeby was appointed chief judge in March 1939 and was knighted in the same year.

paragraph: Section::::Late life and family.

paragraph: Beeby retired in 1941 and died on 18 July 1942. He married in 1892 and was survived by his wife, a son and three daughters. One daughter, Doris Isobel Beeby (1894–1948), was a communist party member and sought higher women's wages. His son, Edward Augustus (1892–1984), was (among other things) a musician and playwright. Edward opened the Patch Theatre Company in Perth WA in 1939.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Beeby was the author of "Three Years of Industrial Arbitration in New South Wales" (1906), a pamphlet; "Concerning Ordinary People" (1923), a volume of readable plays; "In Quest of Pan" (1924), a satire in verse on some of the Australian poets of the period; and "A Loaded Legacy", a light novel which appeared in 1930.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.:Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dregs

paragraph: BULLET::::- In Quest of Pan

paragraph: BULLET::::- One Touch O' Nature

paragraph: BULLET::::- Potter and Clay

paragraph: BULLET::::- Still Waters

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Banner

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Creative Urge

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Point of View

paragraph: BULLET::::- Merely Margaret

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Additional sources listed by the "Dictionary of Australian Biography":

paragraph: H. V. Evatt, "Australian Labour Leader" ; "Burke's War Gazette", 1940.

paragraph: Additional sources listed by the "Australian Dictionary of Biography":

paragraph: BULLET::::- H. V. Evatt, "Australian Labour Leader" (Sydney, 1942); U. Ellis, "The Country Party" (Melbourne, 1958); B. Nairn, "Civilising Capitalism" (Canberra, 1973); G. S. Harman, 'G. S. Beeby and the first Labor electoral battle in Armidale', "Labour History Bulletin" (Canberra), 1 (1962), no 3; A. Landa, 'The State industrial system', "New South Wales Industrial Gazette", 109 (1953), no 3, supplement; 'George S. Beeby and the new party', "Lone Hand", 1 April 1913; "Town and Country Journal", 16 January 1907; "Punch" (Melbourne), 19 December 1912, 6 September 1917; "Sydney Morning Herald", 24 January 1913, 20 July 1942; "Table Talk" (Melbourne), 26 January 1928; "Smith's Weekly" (Sydney), 10 August 1940; Kate Baker papers (National Library of Australia); G. S. Beeby letters (State Library of Victoria); H. E. Boote papers (National Library of Australia); Carruthers correspondence (State Library of New South Wales); J. C. Watson papers (National Library of Australia).

alias:
George Stephenson Beeby
Sir George Stephenson Beeby

description: Australian politician

wikidata_label: George Beeby

wikipedia_title: George Beeby


text:
Cape Colony
South Africa
Cape Town
Cape Colony
J.H. Hofmeyr
Jan Christiaan Smuts
John Molteno
Prime Minister
Hercules Crosse Jarvis
William Porter

categories: Members of the Legislative Council of the Cape Colony,1787 births,19th century in Africa,South African businesspeople,1873 deaths,Cape Colony politicians

paragraph: John Bardwell Ebden

paragraph: John Bardwell Ebden M.L.C. (9 April 1787 - 22 September 1873) was a businessman and politician of the Cape Colony, South Africa. He dominated Cape Town commerce for over sixty years in the 19th century, and was an unofficial member of the Cape Legislative Council.

paragraph: An ambitious and combative personality, he was known by the nickname "the storm petrel", due to his reputation of frequently being in fights.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: JB Ebden was born in 1787 in Suffolk, England, the son of John Ebden, an army surgeon, and Sarah Norman. He received little education, went to sea aged 16 in 1803, and traveled around the Torres Straits and China.

paragraph: On a second voyage, this time destined for India, he was shipwrecked off Cape Town. The 18 year old JB swam ashore in Table Bay (supposedly with a bag of gold in his fist). He received permission to stay at the Cape Colony in October 1806, and began work as a clerk in the Royal Naval Victualling Office.

paragraph: In 1808 he married Antoinetta Adriana Kirchmann, the daughter of an influential German immigrant businessman, and the couple had 12 children. He soon left his job and set up a wine merchant business, "Ebden & Eaton". Richard Webber Eaton, his partner, was married to Ebden's sister Sarah Ebden in 1814.

paragraph: He built Belmont (Now St Josephs College), Rondebosch, in 1836. This estate became his home and he lived there for the rest of his life.

paragraph: Section::::Business interests.

paragraph: A man of unusual proactivity, ambition and business acumen, he fought his way to the top of the Cape commercial scene and went on to establish a variety of important enterprises. He founded the Cape of Good Hope Bank and Trade Society, he established the Cape's Commercial Exchange in 1817, he helped to set up the Cape's first insurance company, and he was an early pioneer in the Copperfields. He built up an export trading network with Europe, East Asia and St Helena.

paragraph: In all of these enterprises, and others, he came to hold an increasingly dominant position, positions he held until his death. He was President of the CoGH Bank (1838-1873), Chair of the Commercial Exchange and President of the Chamber of Commerce (1861-1873).

paragraph: Following emancipation of slaves in 1834, Ebden was compensated in 1836 to the value of £231 for four enslaved people in Cape of Good Hope.

paragraph: The "JB Ebden Prize" and "JB Ebden Scholarships" became institutions in the Cape; the former won by J.H. Hofmeyr in 1916, and the latter enabled Jan Christiaan Smuts to graduate from Cambridge.

paragraph: Section::::Political involvement (1834-1858).

paragraph: He soon became involved in Cape politics. In 1834 he became an unofficial member of the Cape's Legislative Council - a relatively powerless body that was nonetheless the closest that the Cape had to a legislature at the time. (However one of the junior clerks in his merchant house was a boy named John Molteno, an Anglo-Italian immigrant who went on to wrest self-government for the Cape and become its first Prime Minister.)

paragraph: Ebden was one of the leaders of the renowned anti-convict movement, together with Cape Town Mayor Hercules Crosse Jarvis and Attorney General William Porter, even chairing it in 1849, when he abdicated his Legislative Council seat in protest.

paragraph: When the Cape received an elected parliament in 1854, Ebden was elected to the Legislative Council (upper house) representing the Western Province. He held the seat until 1858.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: JB Ebden acquired the nickname "the Storm Petrel" due to his combative and independent nature, as well as his tendency to be found in the centre of agitations. He had famously acute business acumen, and entirely dominated the Cape's public sphere for several decades.

paragraph: He died in 1873 and is buried in Cape Town at the Somerset Road Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. George: "John Bardwell Ebden: His Business and Political Career at the Cape (1806-1849)". The Government Printer: Pretoria. 1986.

description: South African businessman and politician

wikidata_label: John Bardwell Ebden

wikipedia_title: John Bardwell Ebden


text:
Mohammed Racim
Turkish
Casbah
Algiers
Egypt
Syria
Quran
Arabic
World War I
Tunisia
Morocco
Egypt
Mohammed Racim
Pavillon
miniature
Victor Barrucand

categories: Algerian people of Turkish descent,1884 births,1959 deaths,Algerian painters,People from Algiers,Algerian writers,20th-century Algerian painters,Algerian artists,Turkish artists,Algerian calligraphers

paragraph: Omar Racim

paragraph: Omar Racim (1884–1959) was an Algerian artist who founded the Algerian school of miniature painting in 1939, alongside his brother Mohammed Racim. Racim also founded the nationalist journals "Al Djazair" in 1908, "Al Farouq" in 1913, and "Dhou El Fikar" in 1913.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Racim was born in 1884 into a distinguished family of artists of Turkish descent whose pre-colonial prosperity had been undermined by the French regime's confiscation of property. After his studies, Racim worked in the family workshop which his father had re-established as a wood-carving and copper-working workshop in the Casbah of Algiers where he engraved decorated tombstones. The Racim family won commissions for decorating public buildings and the pavilions of French colonial exhibitions.

paragraph: A renowned calligrapher, Racim also devoted himself to a life of religion and politics. In 1912 he made a trip to Egypt and Syria, bringing back with him various Quran's and specimens of Arabic illumination. By 1913 he was publishing papers on politics, and during World War I was arrested by the French security for his political activities; initially banished, and then condemned to prison.

paragraph: Released from prison on 21 September 1921, he began to focus his activities in the field of applied arts and traveled to Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt and France. Alongside his brother, Mohammed Racim, they were included in the Algerian hall of the Pavillon de l'Afrique du nord as exponents of the art of miniature. Victor Barrucand mentioned that: "The beautiful ornamented inscriptions of Omar Racim leave those of the other sections far behind. In them the artist is able to enclose the mystery of thought in the elegance of the arabesque".

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

description: Algerian artist

wikidata_label: Omar Racim

wikipedia_title: Omar Racim


text:
SS
Untersturmführer
Gestapo
Einsatzkommando
Lwów
Poland
Lviv
Ukraine
Drohobycz
Polish Jews
Dresden
Hitler Youth
Luftwaffe
law
Condor Legion
Francisco Franco
Spanish Civil War
Consulate
Cádiz
Nazi Party
SS
Second World War
Leipzig
SiPo
Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
Untersturmführer
Einsatzgruppe
Drohobycz
Poland
massacre of Lwów professors
Brzeziny
Podhajce
venereal disease
Coco Chanel
Vigo
Spain
Carmelite monk
ODESSA
Catholic monk
Argentina
Osram
veterinarian
Miramar,
Buenos Aires Province
Simon Wiesenthal
Vienna
Interpol
Vicente López
Greater Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
heart attack
animal abuse
euthanizing

categories: People from Buenos Aires Province,SS-Untersturmführer,Nazis in South America,Condor Legion personnel,Luftwaffe personnel,Gestapo personnel,Einsatzgruppen personnel,People from Dresden,1986 deaths,Holocaust perpetrators in Poland,1914 births,Nazis who died in prison custody

paragraph: Walter Kutschmann

paragraph: Walter Kutschmann (24 July 1914 – 30 August 1986) was a German SS-"Untersturmführer" and Gestapo officer, a member of an "Einsatzkommando", based first in Lwów, Poland (today Lviv, Ukraine), and later in Drohobycz. He was responsible for the massacre of 1,500 Polish Jews in Lwów, Poland in the years 1941–42.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Walter Kutschmann was born in Dresden in 1914, the son of a dentist. In 1928, he joined the Hitler Youth. In 1932, he enlisted in the Luftwaffe, in which he served until 1936. He began to study law, but left this career path to join the Condor Legion, loyal to the forces of Francisco Franco in Spain, participating in the Spanish Civil War. There he was later the third secretary of the German Consulate in Cádiz. Kutschmann was a relative latecomer to the Nazi Party (membership number 7,475,729) and the SS (membership number 404,651).

paragraph: At the start of the Second World War, he moved to Leipzig, where he joined the SiPo (Security Police) forces commanded by Karl Eberhard Schöngarth. Kutschmann was promoted to SS-"Untersturmführer" and was the commanding officer of an "Einsatzgruppe" that operated in Drohobycz, Poland. Under his leadership, Kutschmann participated in the massacre of Lwów professors in 1941. In 1942, he ordered the murder of 1,500 Polish intellectuals in the Lwów region, in Brzeziny and Podhajce in what is now part of Ukraine. Witnesses said that the Ukrainians who were ordered to dig the graves for the killings were themselves later slain on Kutschmann's orders. Witnesses also claim that Kutschmann shot a 17 or 18-year-old Jewish housemaid in Drohobycz in 1941, after he accused her of having transmitted a venereal disease to him. In 1944, on the orders of intelligence officer Hans Günther von Dincklage, he was transferred to Paris, where he was briefly associated with Coco Chanel during Operation Modellhut. While in France at the end of 1944, Kutschmann defected to seek refuge in Vigo, Spain under the guise of a Carmelite monk named Pedro Ricardo Olmo Andrés, residing in Vigo.

paragraph: Section::::Post-war.

paragraph: When the French government began to investigate Nazi fugitives in 1947, he sought protection in the ODESSA network and traveled by sea on the MV "Monte Amboto", under the guise of a Catholic monk, arriving in Argentina on 16 January 1948. He was hired by Osram, a lighting manufacturer, where he served as purchasing manager. There in August 1973, he married Geralda Baeumler, an Argentinian citizen of German origin, a businesswoman and a veterinarian. They settled in the resort town of Miramar, in the southern region of Buenos Aires Province.

paragraph: Kutschmann lived there until January 1975, when he was found and exposed by journalist Alfredo Serra. Renowned Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal in Vienna arranged the extradition of Kutschmann. In 1975, after checking Kutschmann's citizenship and marriage, which proved false, Interpol requested his arrest. The Argentine government attempted to arrest him, but he escaped, thus losing his trail. In 1975, his Argentine citizenship was revoked. A second extradition request was made in 1985, and he was again arrested by Interpol agents in the town of Vicente López, in the Greater Buenos Aires. Given his precarious health, he was kept in a hospital prison in Buenos Aires, where he died of a heart attack before he could be extradited. His supposed wife was reported to the authorities for animal abuse, specifically for euthanizing homeless dogs in gas chambers.

paragraph: Had he been extradited, Walter Kutschmann would have been the first Nazi war criminal handed over by Argentina.

description: German SS officer

wikidata_label: Walter Kutschmann

wikipedia_title: Walter Kutschmann


text:
English
engineer
vacuum cleaner
Ferris wheel
suspension bridge
factories
Gloucester
England
Central Technical College
London
civil engineering
mechanical engineering
William Cawthorne Unwin
Institution of Civil Engineers
Maudslay Sons & Field
Lambeth
Blackpool
Paris
Vienna
Royal Navy
internal combustion engine
electric-powered model
Westminster Abbey
Edward VII
Royal Navy
Royal Mint
Goblin
Hoover
pneumatic tube
Priday, Metford and Company Limited
Hugh Pembroke Vowles
transatlantic telephone lines
Croydon

categories: English civil engineers,1871 births,1955 deaths

paragraph: Hubert Cecil Booth

paragraph: Hubert Cecil Booth (4 July 1871 – 14 January 1955) was an English engineer best known today for having invented one of the first powered vacuum cleaners.

paragraph: He also designed Ferris wheels, suspension bridges and factories. Later he became Chairman and Managing Director of the British Vacuum Cleaner and Engineering Co.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Booth was born in Gloucester, England in 1871. He was educated at Gloucester College and Gloucester County School under headmaster the Reverend H. Lloyd Brereton. In 1889 he entered the Central Technical College, City and Guild, London after passing the entrance examination. He completed a three-year course in civil engineering and mechanical engineering under Professor William Cawthorne Unwin FRS. He completed the Diploma of Associateship (ACGI), coming second in the engineering department. He became a student of the Institution of Civil Engineers.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In December 1892 he entered the drawing office of Messrs Maudslay Sons & Field, Lambeth, London under Mr Charles Sells, as a civil engineer. In this capacity he designed bridges and large ferris wheels for amusement parks in London, Blackpool, Paris, and Vienna. He also worked on the design of engines for Royal Navy battleships.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Vacuum cleaner.

paragraph: Booth is known for introducing one of the first powered vacuum cleaners. Before Booth introduced his version of the vacuum cleaner, cleaning machines blew or brushed dirt away, instead of sucking it up. As Booth recalled decades later, in 1901 he attended "a demonstration of an American machine by its inventor" at the Empire Music Hall in London. The inventor is not named, but Booth's description of the machine conforms fairly closely to American inventor John S. Thurman’s blown air design. Booth watched a demonstration of the device, which blew dust off the chairs, and thought that "...if the system could be reversed, and a filter inserted between the suction apparatus and the outside air, whereby the dust would be retained in a receptacle, the real solution of the hygienic removal of dust would be obtained." He tested the idea by laying a handkerchief on the seat of a restaurant chair, putting his mouth to the handkerchief, and then trying to suck up as much dust as he could onto the handkerchief. Upon seeing the dust and dirt collected on the underside of the handkerchief, he realized the idea could work.

paragraph: Booth created a large device, driven by an internal combustion engine. Nicknamed the "Puffing Billy", Booth's first petrol-powered, horse-drawn vacuum cleaner relied upon air drawn by a piston pump through a cloth filter. It did not contain any brushes; all the cleaning was done by suction through long tubes with nozzles on the ends. Although the machine was too bulky to be brought into the building, its principles of operation were essentially the same as the vacuum cleaners of today. He followed this up with an electric-powered model, but both designs were extremely bulky, and had to be transported by horse and carriage. The term "vacuum cleaner" was first used by the company set up to market Booth's invention, in its first issued prospectus of 1901.

paragraph: Booth initially did not attempt to sell his machine, but rather sold cleaning services. The vans of the British Vacuum Cleaner Company (BVCC) were bright red; uniformed operators would haul hose off the van and route it through the windows of a building to reach all the rooms inside. Booth was harassed by complaints about the noise of his vacuum machines and was even fined for frightening horses. Gaining the royal seal of approval, Booth's motorized vacuum cleaner was used to clean the carpets of Westminster Abbey prior to Edward VII's coronation in 1901. The device was used by the Royal Navy to improve the level of sanitation in the naval barracks. It was also used in businesses such as theatres and shops, although the device was too large to be feasibly used as a domestic appliance. When cleaning the Royal Mint, upon leaving he was arrested as his machine had collected a massive amount of silver dust from the coins and he had forgotten to empty it. He was however quickly released.

paragraph: Booth received his first patents on 18 February and 30 August 1901. Booth founded Goblin, his company to sell vacuum cleaning services and refined his invention over the next several decades. Though Goblin lost out to competition from Hoover in the household vacuum market, his company successfully turned its focus to the industrial market, building ever-larger models for factories and warehouses. Booth's company, now BVC, lives on today as a unit of pneumatic tube system maker Quirepace Ltd.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1903, Booth married Charlotte Mary Pearce, one of the daughters of Francis Tring Pearce, director of the Priday, Metford and Company Limited. He was a friend of Hugh Pembroke Vowles. He was offered a Knighthood, however he turned it down. His father, Abraham Booth, was involved in the development of the transatlantic telephone lines. Booth died on 14 January 1955 in Croydon, England.

description: British engineer

wikidata_label: Hubert Cecil Booth

wikipedia_title: Hubert Cecil Booth


text:
Giudice of Arborea
Marianus II
Tosorat Uberti
Pisa
Nino Visconti
Gallura
Sardinia
Pope Boniface VIII
"Regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae"
James II of Aragon
Cagliari
bannus consensus
Ugolino della Gherardesca
Andrew
Marianus

categories: Judges (judikes) of Arborea,1304 deaths,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: John of Arborea

paragraph: John (died 23 March 1304), nicknamed Chiano, was the Giudice of Arborea from 1297 to his death.

paragraph: He was the son and successor of Marianus II and reigned initially under the tutelage of Tosorat Uberti, a Pisan nobleman. Nino Visconti of Gallura having been deposed in 1288, John was the only judge and Arborea the only "giudicato" left on the island of Sardinia. Shortly after his succession, Pope Boniface VIII proclaimed a "Regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae": Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica. He named James II of Aragon King and paved the way for the invasion of the two islands.

paragraph: John prepared to resist. In 1300, he ceded (or sold) to Pisa the third of Cagliari which he ruled, the silver mines, and, perhaps, part of the judicial demesne. This last — the alienation of public land — released the people to revolt ("bannus consensus") and they did so, executing John and cutting out his tongue.

paragraph: He married Giacomina (died 12 February 1329), daughter of Ugolino della Gherardesca, in 1287, on the advice of his father, though he already had sons through a liaison with Vera Cappai, of Villasalto. He was succeeded by his sons Andrew and Marianus. He left a legitimate daughter, Joanna, who died in 1308.

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: John of Arborea

wikipedia_title: John of Arborea


text:
Giudice of Arborea
John
Marianus III
autocrator
basileus
Bas-Serra family
Cappai de Bas
Serravalle di Bosa
Planargia
Costaville
Malaspina
demesne

categories: Judges (judikes) of Arborea,1308 deaths,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Andrew of Arborea

paragraph: Andrew (or Andreotto) (died 3 April 1308) was the Giudice of Arborea from 1304.

paragraph: He was the elder of two illegitimate sons of John and Vera Cappai. He co-ruled with his brother Marianus III, but he had the supremacy and the title "autocrator basileus". From their mother, the Bas-Serra family which ruled in Arborea became known as the Cappai de Bas.

paragraph: In 1308, Andrew acquired the castles of Serravalle di Bosa, Planargia, and Costaville from the Malaspina. These acquisitions were retained as the private holdings of the family ("peculio"), but were the proceeds from them were used to finance the administration of the demesne ("fisc").

wikidata_label: Andrew of Arborea

wikipedia_title: Andrew of Arborea


text:
Giudice of Arborea
Andrew
John of Arborea
Republic of Pisa
Emperor Henry VII
Crown of Aragon
Oristano
Hugh II

categories: Judges (judikes) of Arborea,1321 deaths,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Marianus III of Arborea

paragraph: Marianus III (died 1321) was the sole Giudice of Arborea from 1308 to his death. He co-ruled with his elder brother Andrew from the death of their father, John of Arborea, in 1304. Their mother was Vera Cappai. They were illegitimate.

paragraph: In 1312, he was constrained by the Republic of Pisa to buy his own right of succession from the Emperor Henry VII and to marry Constance of Montalcino by proxy. In 1314, he requested aid from the Crown of Aragon against the Pisans.

paragraph: He restored roads and bridges, complete the walls of Oristano and her defensive towers, and constructed a new archiepiscopal palace.

paragraph: He never did marry Constance, but he did cohabitate with Padulesa de Serra, who gave him six children, among whom was his successor, Hugh II.

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: Marianus III of Arborea

wikipedia_title: Marianus III of Arborea


text:
Bagrationi
Georgia
Mongol dominance of Georgia
Demetrius II of Georgia
Trapezuntine wife
Ilkhan
Ghazan
David VIII
Tbilisi
guerrillas
Armenia
Mongol
Damascus
Gilan
Ripsime
Georgian Chronicle
Shabur
Ivane Javakhishvili

categories: 1308 deaths,Kings of Georgia,Bagrationi dynasty of the Kingdom of Georgia,14th-century people from Georgia (country),13th-century people from Georgia (country),1276 births

paragraph: Vakhtang III of Georgia

paragraph: Vakhtang III (; 1276–1308), of the dynasty of Bagrationi, was the king of Georgia from 1302 to 1308. He ruled during the Mongol dominance of Georgia.

paragraph: A son of Demetrius II of Georgia by his Trapezuntine wife, Vakhtang was appointed, in 1302, by the Ilkhan Ghazan as a rival king to his brother David VIII, who had revolted against the Mongol rule. Vakhtang, however, controlled only the Georgian capital of Tbilisi and parts of the southern and eastern provinces of the kingdom. After an unsuccessful offensive against David's guerrillas, the brothers agreed to rule the kingdom jointly. However, Vakhtang was destined to spend most of his reign as a commander of the Georgian and Armenian auxiliaries in endless Mongol campaigns, particularly against Damascus (1303) and Gilan (1304).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Vakhtang III married Ripsime. The 18th-century "Georgian Chronicle" mentions her as a niece of Shabur. They had two known sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Demetre, ruler of Dmanisi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giorgi, ruler of Samshvilde.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ivane Javakhishvili. "History of the Georgian nation". v. 3; Tbilisi, 1982: 147-150 (in Georgian)

description: King of Georgia

wikidata_label: Vakhtang III of Georgia

wikipedia_title: Vakhtang III of Georgia


text:
Greek
Emperor
Trebizond
Black Sea
Michael Panaretos
Trebizond
Sinope
Sultanate of Rum
Seljuk Turks
Nicaean Empire
Mongols
Persia
Battle of Köse Dağ
Güyük
yarligh
Sinope
archon
Black Sea
Seljuk Turks
Golden Horde
Batu Khan
na'ib
Kaykaus II
Baiju
Nicaean Empire
Louis IX of France
Sidon
Battle of Fariskur
Latin Empire of Constantinople
Emperor of Nicaea
Jean de Joinville
Anna Xylaloe
Irene Syrikaina
scyphate
aspers
Georgia
Silk Road
destruction of Baghdad
Hulagu Khan
Armenia
Euphrates
Erzerum
Zigana Pass
Gümüşhane
Hagia Sophia
Michael VIII Palaiologos
Byzantine Emperor
Alexios I
John I Axouchos
Siege of Sinope
Rusudan of Georgia
Anna Xylaloe
Andronikos II
Rusudan of Georgia
Theodora
Irene Syrikaina
George
Demetre II of Georgia
John II
Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium

categories: Grand Komnenos dynasty,Eastern Orthodox monarchs,1263 deaths,13th-century emperors of Trebizond

paragraph: Manuel I of Trebizond

paragraph: Manuel I Megas Komnenos (Greek: Μανουήλ Α΄ Μέγας Κομνηνός, "Manouēl I Megas Komnēnos") (died March 1263) was an Emperor of Trebizond, from 1238 until his death. At the time Manuel reigned, the Empire of Trebizond comprised a band of territory stretching along the southern coast of the Black Sea. Although Michael Panaretos, a 14th-century Greek chronicler, calls Manuel "the greatest general and the most fortunate" and states he ruled "virtuously in the eyes of God", the only event he documents for Manuel's reign is a catastrophic fire striking the city of Trebizond in January 1253. The major events of his reign are known from external sources, most important of which is the recovery of Sinope in 1254, which had been lost to the Sultanate of Rum forty years before.

paragraph: Section::::Manuel and the Mongols.

paragraph: In 1243, a Trapezuntine army is recorded as assisting the Seljuk Turks, along with a detachment from the Nicaean Empire, against the Mongols of Persia at the Battle of Köse Dağ. Despite this, the Seljuk forces were shattered, and both the Seljuks and their allies had to settle their own submission to the victorious Mongols. Manuel visited in person the court of the Great Khan Güyük as early as 1246; this was an important act, as Rustam Shukurov notes, for the personal visit of a vassal ruler to the Khan’s camp was regarded as an indispensable ceremony; it brought these persons into the "family" of the Great Khan. "Seljuk Anatolia was under tight Mongol control," Shukurov writes. "Any serious change in social and political life (including appointments to key offices) required Mongol approval and sanction, which was embodied, in particular, in "yarlighs"."

paragraph: On 24 June 1254, Manuel recaptured Sinope, and made Ghadras "archon" of the Black Sea port. Kurškanskis suggests that Manuel had obtained a "yarligh" prior to this attack, although he admits doing so would have been inconsistent with the practices of the Grand Komnenes. For the years Manuel held this port, the Seljuk Turks were landlocked, making Trebizond once again the major naval power in the Black Sea.

paragraph: Shukurov argues with Kurškanskis that Manuel had been given a "yarligh" by the Ilkhanite Mongols to recover Sinope, and argues further that it was done to embarrass the Golden Horde, who were the masters of the Seljuk Turks; the governor of Sinope at the time Manuel captured the port was "ra’is al-bahr" Shuja al-Din 'Abd al-Rahman, the Seljuk naval commander-in-chief, who had taken part in the Seljuk embassy to Batu Khan, ruler of the Golden Horde in 1253, where he received Batu's "yarligh" investing him with the office of "na'ib". A few years later, in October 1256, one of the three brothers who inherited the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, Kaykaus II, was defeated by Baiju and fled to sanctuary in the Nicaean Empire, moving Anatolia from the sphere the Golden Horde controlled firmly into the Ilkhanite.

paragraph: Manuel Megas Komnenos died in March 1263, having "recommended and chosen"—to use Panaretos' words—his oldest son Andronikos as his successor.

paragraph: Section::::Embassy to Louis IX of France.

paragraph: In 1253, Manuel sent envoys to King Louis IX of France, who was then at Sidon after his defeat at the Battle of Fariskur, seeking to marry a daughter of his house. "The King had no French princesses with him on the crusade," writes William Miller, "but recommended Manuel to make a matrimonial alliance with the Latin Empire of Constantinople, to which the aid of 'so great and rich a man' would be useful against Vatatzes, the Greek Emperor of Nicaea." Jean de Joinville testifies to Manuel's wealth, stating he sent Louis "a present of various jewels, and also, among other things, some bows made of cornel-wood. The notches for the shafts were screwed into the bows, and when these shafts were loosed, you could see they were very sharp and well-made."

paragraph: Although Miller fails to offer a reason for Manuel's overtures to King Louis, two more recent writers have, and these are not exclusive. Kuršanskis has pointed out that the timing of the embassy would make sense if his first wife, a Trapezuntine noblewoman Anna Xylaloe, had died before that year and thought a matrimonial alliance with the French king was desirable; and after Louis sent his regrets, Manuel wed Irene Syrikaina. If this is correct, it provides a badly-needed anchor point in the chronology of Manuel's Life. The other possible reason was suggested by Rustam Shukurov: it is well known that Manuel's Mongol overlords were favorable towards Christianity, and perhaps Manuel was encouraged by this favor to seek a connection with the "undisputed head of the crusader movement and indefatigable warrior against Islam."

paragraph: Section::::Manuel's coinage.

paragraph: Manuel's reign is notable for being the first Emperor of Trebizond to issue large numbers of coins. This is important for two reasons: the first is that issuing coins in a precious metal, such as silver or gold, is commonly considered a demonstration of sovereignty by a ruler; the second is that the volume of coins issued by a ruler is frequently used as an indicator of economic activity. Although some copper scyphates have been identified as coming from Andronikos I Gidos' mint, according to Otto Retowski over 200 types of silver aspers—the characteristic coin of the Empire—were struck then, more than any other ruler of Trebizond, in addition to other silver and bronze currency. (John II is a distant second, having struck around 138 types of aspers during his reign.) Trapezuntine coins circulated widely outside the empire, especially in Georgia. His coins became so common there that his name became the generic word in Georgian for money; "kirmaneoul" is derived from "kuros' Manuel" or "Caesar Manuel".

paragraph: The cause of this sudden explosion in the volume of currency is not clearly known. Certainly not all of them came from Manuel's silversmiths. Both Wroth and Retowski identified a number of coins minted as imitations in Georgia to meet demand there. Michel Kuršanskis has suggested some of these types were struck during the reigns of Manuel's successors—Andronikos and George—because their Mongol overlords forbade them from minting silver coins in their own names. Nevertheless, this leaves the vast majority of the coins with his name on them as being struck during his reign.

paragraph: Some writers attribute this large number of aspers to a change in the route of the Silk Road during Manuel's reign. The destruction of Baghdad by Hulagu Khan in 1258 revived the trade route running north from Armenia and the upper Euphrates valley to Erzerum and then through the Zigana Pass to Trebizond, instead of to the Mediterranean. However, Anthony Bryer has pointed out the volume of trade carried on this route was minuscule, and taxes and duties extracted from the goods passing through Trebizond (known as the "kommerkion") would at most have been 30% of the Empire's total revenues in a busy year, and more often 6%. Another author has pointed out that the silver mines in the region of Gümüşhane were within the borders of the Empire of Trebizond during the 13th century, and could provide the raw material for these coins; but further investigation has shown that these silver mines were not heavily exploited before the 18th century. Kuršanskis has suggested that these coins represent the tribute extracted by the dominant Mongols of Persia, although this does not explain the care taken in minting all of these coins: most of this tribute would, following its delivery to the Mongol overlords, have been melted down and either used to produce other coins or jewelry.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Manuel rebuilt the Hagia Sophia monastery in Trebizond between 1250 and 1260. Eastmond describes Manuel's church as "the finest surviving Byzantine imperial monument of its period." When Michael VIII Palaiologos recaptured Constantinople from the Latin Empire in 1261 he unsuccessfully demanded that Manuel abandon his claim to the title of "Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans", the one commonly used by the Byzantine Emperors.

paragraph: Section::::Family and succession.

paragraph: Manuel was the second son of Alexios I, the first emperor of Trebizond; his older brother, John I Axouchos, was his predecessor as Emperor. During the Siege of Sinope, one of the sources states that Alexios has "grown sons in Trebizond who are capable of governing", so it is likely that Manuel was born before 1214.

paragraph: Manuel had children by three different women; four of his children reigned after him. Older scholars, like Miller and Finlay, assumed all three women were his wives, but more recently Michel Kuršanskis has argued that only two were his wives, and that Rusudan of Georgia was simply his mistress.

paragraph: By his first wife, Anna Xylaloe, a Trapezuntine noblewoman he had:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andronikos II, who succeeded as emperor.

paragraph: By Rusudan of Georgia, he had:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodora

paragraph: By his Irene Syrikaina, his last wife and another Trapezuntine noblewoman, he had four known children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- George, later Emperor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anonymous daughter, who married King Demetre II of Georgia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anonymous daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- John II, later Emperor

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium", Oxford University Press, 1991.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Latin and French Documents on the Empire of Trebizond available at https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234941/http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Post/971835

description: Emperor of Trebizond

wikidata_label: Manuel I of Trebizond

wikipedia_title: Manuel I of Trebizond


text: Baltic German

text: World War II

text: Bundeswehr

text: Generalleutnant

text: ancient

text: Baltic German noble

text: Westphalian

text: Münster

text: Arensburg

text: Governorate of Livonia

text: Estonia

text: University of Königsberg

text: Reichswehr

text: Leutnant

text: Soviet

text: Battle of Stalingrad

text: German Cross

text: captain

text: major

text: Heinz Guderian

text: Hans Krebs

text: Reuters

text: BBC

text: Führerbunker

text: Gerhard Boldt

text: Rudolf Weiss

text: British Army

text: war crimes

text: Munich

text: Bundeswehr

text: NATO

text: Rochus Misch

text: Hitler Youth

text: Armin Lehmann

text: "Der Untergang"

text: Arndt Freytag von Loringhoven

text: Bundesnachrichtendienst

text: Obituary

text: The Times

text: Obituary from The Scotsman

categories: People from Kuressaare,Baltic-German people,2007 deaths,People from the Governorate of Livonia,University of Königsberg alumni,German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United Kingdom,Deputy Chief of Staff of the Federal Armed Forces,1914 births,Lieutenant generals of the German Army

paragraph: Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven

paragraph: Alexander Otto Hermann Wolfgang Bernd(t) Freiherr Freytag von Loringhoven (6 February 1914 – 27 February 2007), was an Baltic German officer in the German Army during World War II. In 1956, he joined the German Federal Armed Forces, the "Bundeswehr" and rose to the rank of Generalleutnant.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: The Freytag von Loringhovens was an ancient Baltic German noble family of Westphalian origin, originating in Münster, they were first mentioned in the 12th century (Baron: Livonia, Courland 1198; Master of the Teutonic Order 1485, Gotha Register 1896, 1934 1942), or. He was born in Arensburg, Governorate of Livonia (now Kuressaare, Estonia) to Baron Burchard Haro Charles Napoleon Freytag von Loringhoven and Leonide Klara Oda von Möller. The family left their ancestorial home after Estonia proclaimed independence in 1918 and the German land titles and assets were confiscated. After one year of law studies at the University of Königsberg, he joined the "Reichswehr" in 1933. He was promoted to "Leutnant" in 1937.

paragraph: Section::::World War II.

paragraph: In late 1942, the tank battalion under Loringhoven's command was encircled during the Soviet counter-offensive at the Battle of Stalingrad. On 23 January 1943, he was awarded the German Cross in Gold () as "Hauptmann" (captain) in the 2./Panzer-Regiment 2. That same month, he was flown out of the pocket and later transferred to the staff of 111th Infantry Division on 2 March 1943. In November 1943, Loringhoven was promoted to major. From July 1944 to April 1945, he served as an adjutant to the Chief of Army General Staff (first, General Heinz Guderian and then General Hans Krebs).

paragraph: Section::::Berlin 1945.

paragraph: Loringhoven's last assignment was as a staff officer responsible for the preparation of reports for Adolf Hitler. This work required a constant presence in Hitler's entourage. After 23 April 1945, when Hitler's communications staff began to desert, he had to improvise and he based his intelligence reports on information he was able to gather from the Allied news agencies Reuters and the BBC. Fortunately, Hitler was not aware of this.

paragraph: In the evening of 29 April, he left the "Führerbunker" with Gerhard Boldt and Lieutenant-Colonel Rudolf Weiss. That morning, Loringhoven had approached Krebs and asked if he and Boldt could leave Berlin and "return to the fighting troops". Krebs talked to Burgdorf to get his advice. Burgdorf approved but indicated that they should take his assistant, Weiss. Hitler was approached for his approval at midday. Surprisingly, he asked many questions and offered his advice. Hitler asked, "How are you going to get out of Berlin?" When Loringhoven mentioned finding a boat, Hitler became enthusiastic and advised, "You must get an electric boat, because that does not make any noise and you can get through the Russian lines." When he agreed that an electric boat would be best but added that, if necessary, they might have to use a different craft, Hitler was suddenly exhausted. He shook hands limply with each of them and quickly dismissed the group.

paragraph: Section::::Post-war.

paragraph: Captured by the British Army on 3 May 1945, Loringhoven spent two and a half years as a prisoner of war. He was not charged with war crimes. After being repatriated in January 1948, he lived in Munich, where he became a publisher. He joined the German Federal Armed Forces ("Bundeswehr") in 1956 after West Germany joined NATO. He served in various army and NATO positions; his highest rank was lieutenant-general. He was later appointed Deputy Inspector General of the Armed Forces and retired from the army in 1973, with full honours.

paragraph: Late in life, Loringhoven, long a knight of the Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg), actively served the Order as its chancellor and governor. At the time of his death at the age of 93, he was one of the last three known living witnesses (along with bunker telephone operator Rochus Misch and Hitler Youth courier Armin Lehmann) to the events in the "Führerbunker" at the end of World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: "Freiherr" is a title, translated as Baron, not a first or middle name. The female forms are "Freifrau" (the wife of a "Freiherr") and "Freiin" (the daughter of a "Freiherr").

paragraph: Although he had left the bunker complex before the time of Hitler's suicide, Loringhoven was often called to testify and to co-operate in script writing. For example, he participated in this way in the film "Downfall" ("Der Untergang"). In his memoirs, published as "In the Bunker with Hitler: The Last Witness Speaks", Loringhoven focussed chiefly on the final months of the Nazi regime. Loringhoven was the father of Arndt Freytag von Loringhoven, formerly vice president of the "Bundesnachrichtendienst".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- von Loringhoven, Bernd Freytag and d' Alançon, François (2005). "Dans le bunker de Hitler: 23 juillet 1944 - 29 avril 1945 ", Paris,

paragraph: BULLET::::- von Loringhoven, Bernd Freytag and d' Alançon, François (2006). "In the Bunker with Hitler: The Last Witness Speaks", London,

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- BBC News - Eyewitness: Hitler's last days (Tuesday 26 April 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary from The Times

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary from The Scotsman

description: German general

wikidata_label: Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven

wikipedia_title: Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven


text:
Ishikawa, Japan
Suzuki Method
Roy Acuff
Grand Ole Opry
Osaka, Japan
Branson, Missouri
RedLetterMedia
Oak Grove, Louisiana
Shoji's site
"Tabuchi, Shoji."

categories: American country fiddlers,Japanese country fiddlers,20th-century Japanese musicians,21st-century American musicians,21st-century Japanese musicians,1944 births,20th-century American musicians,Japanese emigrants to the United States,People from Branson, Missouri,American musicians of Japanese descent,Living people,Musicians from Ishikawa Prefecture

paragraph: Shoji Tabuchi

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Shoji Tabuchi was born April 16, 1944 in Daishoji, Ishikawa, Japan. When Tabuchi turned 7, his mother encouraged him to learn how to play the violin under the Suzuki Method. Tabuchi always loved American country music and vowed that one day he would make it to America.

paragraph: Section::::Early Career.

paragraph: In the mid-1960s, Tabuchi was a sophomore in college and had heard that Roy Acuff, of the Grand Ole Opry, was coming to Osaka, Japan. Tabuchi went to his concert and got to meet Acuff backstage. Acuff told Tabuchi that if he was ever in Nashville, to look him up. Acuff's music inspired Tabuchi to pursue country/bluegrass music.

paragraph: When Tabuchi was in college, he formed a band called "The Bluegrass Ramblers", which led them to win a national contest in Japan. He decided to travel to the United States with his violin and only $500. Tabuchi had lived in San Francisco, Kansas City, and Louisiana. Then he eventually moved to Nashville, to meet Acuff. Acuff was true to his word and arranged an appearance for the young Japanese fiddler on the Grand Ole Opry. Tabuchi later made numerous appearances on the Grand Ole Opry.

paragraph: Section::::"The Shoji Tabuchi Show".

paragraph: Tabuchi arrived in Branson, Missouri around 1980, after performing successfully for a few years. He took a gamble and built one of Branson's most elaborate theaters, which was finished in 1990, and began his show, now going on 28 years. Besides country music, the "Shoji Tabuchi Show" also has incorporated polka, gospel, Cajun, Hawaiian, rap, rock, and patriotic music.

paragraph: Tabuchi has developed a loyal fan base through his Branson show. He employs about 200 personnel at his elaborate 2,000-seat theater, where he performs two shows daily during most of the year, often selling out the shows.

paragraph: The theater was closed due to a backstage fire in May 2017. It reopened on October 22, 2018.

paragraph: The "Shoji Tabuchi Show" garnered considerable attention on the RedLetterMedia web series "Best of the Worst." The Volume IV VHS of the show first appeared on the inaugural "Wheel of the Worst" episode on April 30, 2013, and instantly became the subject of much curiosity and speculation among RedLetterMedia fans. The tape was finally viewed on the fourth Wheel of the Worst episode which premiered on RedLetterMedia's website on February 28, 2014. It was voted "best of the worst."

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Mary Jo, a patron at a financial-district restaurant where Tabuchi played for tips, became his first wife in 1968, after which he became an American citizen. They moved to Kansas City, and Tabuchi began performing at the Starlite Club in nearby Riverside. In 1974 the couple had a son, Shoji John Tabuchi. Tabuchi began performing at venues in Louisiana, Texas, and Oklahoma, but his marriage broke up under the pressure of his constant touring.

paragraph: After moving to Branson, Missouri in 1980, he met his second wife, Dorothy Lingo, after she attended several of his shows at the Starlite Theater; and he became the stepfather to her two children from a previous marriage. Currently Lingo helps with numerous aspects of The Shoji Tabuchi Show such as choreography, costumes, and the theater's interior design. Tabuchi is sometimes accompanied by his step-daughter, Christina. One step-son, Thomas Jason Lingo-Tabuchi, died at the age of 19. There is a scholarship in his name at a Branson school music department and a community center in Oak Grove, Louisiana, named in his honor.

paragraph: Section::::Selected discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Country Music My Way [ABC/Dot, 1975]

paragraph: BULLET::::- After Dark, Shoji Entertainments

paragraph: BULLET::::- Songs for Mark Koeper, Shoji Entertainments

paragraph: BULLET::::- Different Moods: Collection One, Shoji Entertainments

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fiddlin' Around, Shoji Entertainments

paragraph: BULLET::::- Live from Branson, Shoji Entertainments

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes from Shoji, Shoji Entertainments

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Shoji Tabuchi Show! Vols. 1–4, Shoji Entertainments

paragraph: BULLET::::- Songs for the Lord, Shoji Entertainments

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shoji's site

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tabuchi, Shoji." Contemporary Musicians. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Jun. 2014.

description: Japanese American musician

wikidata_label: Shoji Tabuchi

wikipedia_title: Shoji Tabuchi


text: Cambodia

text: Cambodia National Rescue Party

text: Phnom Penh

text: National Assembly of Cambodia

text: Nhiek Tioulong

text: France

text: Moscow

text: Tokyo

text: dual citizenship

text: Nicolas Sarkozy

text: 2007 election

text: Cambodian Civil War

text: Sam Rainsy

categories: 21st-century women politicians,People from Paris,Children of Prime Ministers of Cambodia,French financial analysts,Cambodian women in politics,Sciences Po alumni,Members of the National Assembly (Cambodia),People from Phnom Penh,21st-century Cambodian politicians,INSEAD alumni,21st-century Cambodian women,Cambodian politicians of Chinese descent,French people of Chinese descent,20th-century women politicians,Cambodian people of Chinese descent,Sam Rainsy Party politicians,20th-century Cambodian politicians,French feminists,Cambodian emigrants to France,French people of Cambodian descent,20th-century Cambodian women,Cambodia National Rescue Party politicians,Living people,Naturalized citizens of France,1950 births

paragraph: Tioulong Saumura

paragraph: Tioulong Saumura (; born 9 July 1950, ) is a Cambodian politician and financial analyst. She was a member of the Cambodia National Rescue Party and was elected to represent Phnom Penh in the National Assembly of Cambodia in 2003. She was also the Deputy Governor of Cambodia's Central Bank from 1993 to 1995.

paragraph: Saumura was born in 1950, as one of the seven daughters of former Prime Minister Nhiek Tioulong and Lok Chumteav Measketh Samphotre. She and her six sisters passed much of their childhood outside of Cambodia, primarily in France, but also in Moscow, and Tokyo. While in France, she received a postgraduate degree in economics from the University of Paris in 1974. She subsequently attended the European Institute of Administration and earned a further degree in financial analysis. She holds French dual citizenship. She voted for Nicolas Sarkozy in the 2007 election.

paragraph: After the Cambodian Civil War, as the Vietnamese withdrew from Cambodia and the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia began implementing the UN Settlement Plan, Saumura and her husband, opposition leader Sam Rainsy returned to Cambodia in 1992.

paragraph: Her mother, Measketh Samphotre, died on 24 November 2016 at the age of 96.

paragraph: On 16 November 2017, she was one of 118 senior CNRP party members banned from politics for five years.

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: Cambodian politician

wikidata_label: Choulong Somora

wikipedia_title: Tioulong Saumura


text:
racing cyclist
women's road race
2015 UCI Road World Championships

categories: Costa Rican female cyclists,Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Olympic cyclists of Costa Rica,1993 births,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people

paragraph: Milagro Mena

paragraph: Milagro Mena (born 30 April 1993) is a Costa Rican professional racing cyclist. She rode in the women's road race at the 2015 UCI Road World Championships.

description: Costa Rican bicycle racer

wikidata_label: Milagro Mena

wikipedia_title: Milagro Mena