text:
Nubia
Kingdom of Kush
Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
stela
Sudan
Egypt
Alara of Nubia
Piye
Taharqa
Nubia
Kingdom of Kush
Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
stela
Kawa, Sudan
sistrum
Jebel Barkal
Taharqa
Tanis, Egypt
Amun
Sanam, Sudan
Taharqa
Piye
Alara of Nubia
Isis
Horus
Reisner
Nuri

categories: Queens consort of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt,8th-century BC women

paragraph: Abar (Queen)

paragraph: Abar was a Nubian queen of the Kingdom of Kush dated to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt. She is known from a series of stela found in Sudan and Egypt. Her appearances mark her as the niece of King Alara of Nubia, the wife of King Piye and the mother of King Taharqa.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Abar, a Nubian queen of the Kingdom of Kush dated to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt, is known from a stela (Stela V) found in Kawa, Sudan, recording that she was dedicated as a sistrum player at the temple by her father, as well in a similar scene at Jebel Barkal where she appears behind her son Taharqa and from a stela from Tanis, Egypt. Another appearance by Abar is at the Amun Temple at Sanam, Sudan.

paragraph: Abar was the mother of King Taharqa and wife of the King Piye. She was a niece of King Alara of Nubia (the daughter of his sister). She was separated from her son, Taharqa, for a long period of time and when they were reunited there was much rejoicing as he had become Pharoah in her absence. This may have been a deliberate reference to the separation of the Egyptian god Isis and her son Horus, who reunited under similar circumstances. An alternative theory is that the separation of mother and son was a tradition in the Kushite culture.

paragraph: She held several titles: King’s Mother ("mwt niswt"), King’s Sister ("snt niswt"), Mistress of the foreign lands ("nbt kh3swt"), Lady of Upper and Lower Egypt (""hnwt Sma'w mhw"), Great Lady of the Two Lands ("wrt nbt t3wy"), Noble Lady ("iryt p't"), Great of Praises ("wrt hzwt"), and Sweet of Love ("bnrt mrwt"). Records of Abar represent the earliest recording of the power of Queens in the Kingdom of Kush. Reisner proposed that Abar may be buried in Nuri in tomb 35.

description: ancient Egyptian queen consort

wikidata_label: Abar

wikipedia_title: Abar (Queen)


href: Nubia Twenty-fifth%20Dynasty%20of%20Egypt Piye Pharaoh Kashta Pebatjma Upper%20Egypt Lower%20Egypt Bastet el-Kurru

text:
Nubia
Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
Piye
Pharaoh
Kashta
Pebatjma
Upper
Lower Egypt
Bastet
el-Kurru

categories: 8th-century BC Egyptian people,Queens consort of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt,8th-century BC women

paragraph: Khensa

paragraph: Khensa (Khenensaiuw) was a Nubian queen dated to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt.

paragraph: Khensa is named as a King's Wife and King's Sister together with King Piye. This suggests she is the sister-wife of the Pharaoh and hence likely a daughter of Kashta and Pebatjma.

paragraph: Her full titles include: Noble Lady ("iryt p't"), Great of Praises ("wrt hzwt"), Sweet of Love ("bnrt mrwt"), Beloved one of Wadjet ("mryt w3Dt"), Mistress of Grace ("nbt im3t"), Lady of all Woman ("hnwt hmwt nbwt"), King's Wife ("hmt niswt"), Great King's Wife ("hmt niswt wrt"), Lady of Upper and Lower Egypt ("hnwt Sm'w mhw"), Lady of the Two Lands ("hnwt t3wy"), King's Daughter ("s3t niswt"), King's Sister ("snt niswt"), and the one who pacifies the King every day ("shtp niswt m hrt hrw").

paragraph: Khensa is attested on a statue - with Piye - dedicated to the goddess Bastet. She was buried in a pyramid at el-Kurru (Ku4). The tomb still contained parts of the funerary equipment such as an offering table, vases, canopic jars, etc.

description: Egyptian queen consort

wikidata_label: Khensa

wikipedia_title: Khensa


href: List%20of%20monarchs%20of%20Kush Kingdom%20of%20Kush Natakamani Amanitore Amun Naqa Arikakahtani Meroe

text: crown-prince Kush Natakamani Amanitore Amun Naqa Arikakahtani Meroe

categories: Kings of Kush,1st-century monarchs in Africa

paragraph: Arikhankharer

paragraph: Arikhankharer was a crown-prince of Kush ("circa" AD 15?).

paragraph: Arikhankharer was the eldest son of Natakamani and Amanitore. While he was crown-prince the temple of Amun at Naqa was decorated. Arikhankharer is depicted on a slab now displayed at the Worcester Art Museum in Worcester, Mass. He is given the title "pkrtr" which means crown-prince.

paragraph: Arikhankharer died fairly young and was succeeded as crown-prince by his brother Arikakahtani. According to Reisner, Shorkahor was likely buried in Pyramid 10 at Meroe (Bagrawiyah). In his tomb he was given the throne name Ankh-ke-re.

description: King of Kush

wikidata_label: Arikhankharer

wikipedia_title: Arikhankharer


text: baseball

text: pitcher

text: Sugar Land Skeeters

text: New York Yankees

text: Seattle Mariners

text: Major League Baseball

text: Bullard High School

text: Bullard, Texas

text: college baseball

text: Louisiana State University

text: LSU Tigers

text: win–loss record

text: earned run average

text: New York Yankees

text: 2013 Major League Baseball Draft

text: Staten Island Yankees

text: Class A-Short Season

text: New York-Penn League

text: Charleston RiverDogs

text: Class A

text: South Atlantic League

text: Tampa Yankees

text: Class A-Advanced

text: Florida State League

text: Trenton Thunder

text: Double-A

text: Eastern League

text: Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders

text: Triple-A

text: International League

text: optioned

text: Tommy John surgery

text: designated for assignment

text: Seattle Mariners

text: brachial plexus injury

text: Tacoma Rainiers

text: Pacific Coast League

text: Sugar Land Skeeters

text: LSU Tigers bio

categories: Charleston RiverDogs players,Tampa Yankees players,Living people,New York Yankees players,Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders players,Trenton Thunder players,Staten Island Yankees players,Baseball players from Texas,Major League Baseball pitchers,Seattle Mariners players,LSU Tigers baseball players,1991 births,Sugar Land Skeeters players

paragraph: Nick Rumbelow

paragraph: Nicholas Bruno Rumbelow (born September 6, 1991) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He made his MLB debut in 2015 with the New York Yankees and has also played for the Seattle Mariners in Major League Baseball. Listed at and , Rumbelow both throws and bats right-handed.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Rumbelow attended Bullard High School in Bullard, Texas, and played college baseball at the Louisiana State University (LSU) for the LSU Tigers from 2011 to 2013. In three years, he appeared in 70 games and had a 3–0 win–loss record and 3.68 earned run average (ERA). He was drafted by the New York Yankees in the seventh round of the 2013 Major League Baseball Draft.

paragraph: Rumbelow made his professional debut with the Staten Island Yankees of the Class A-Short Season New York-Penn League. He started 2014 with the Charleston RiverDogs of the Class A South Atlantic League and was promoted to the Tampa Yankees of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League, Trenton Thunder of the Double-A Eastern League, and Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders of the Triple-A International League during the season. In total for the season, he was 5–2 with a 2.62 ERA and eight saves in 42 games consisting of innings pitched.

paragraph: After starting the 2015 season with Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, Rumbelow was promoted to the major leagues on June 22. He made his major league debut the next day, and was optioned to Scranton/Wilkes-Barre on July 8. Rumbelow received several promotions to the major leagues and demotions to Scranton/Wilkes-Barre. He had a 1–1 record and a 4.02 ERA in innings pitched for the Yankees in 2015.

paragraph: Rumbelow began the 2016 season with Scranton/Wilkes Barre. On April 11, 2016, the team announced that Rumbelow would undergo Tommy John surgery, forcing him to hold out of baseball activities for the remainder of the 2016 season. Rumbelow was designated for assignment by the Yankees after the 2016 season. He returned to pitch for Scranton/Wilkes-Barre in July 2017 and he pitched to a 5–1 record with a 1.12 ERA in 17 games. The Yankees re-added Rumbelow to their 40-man roster after the end of the season.

paragraph: After the 2017 season, the Yankees traded Rumbelow to the Seattle Mariners. Rumbelow suffered a brachial plexus injury, and missed the beginning of the 2018 season. He was activated from the disabled list on June 5 and assigned to the Tacoma Rainiers of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League, where he pitched in three games before the Mariners promoted him to the major leagues on June 14.

paragraph: He was designated for assignment on May 17, 2019 and outrighted on May 22. He was released by the Mariners organization on June 12.

paragraph: On June 25, 2019, Rumbelow signed with the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- LSU Tigers bio

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Nick Rumbelow

wikipedia_title: Nick Rumbelow


text: American

text: prelate

text: Catholic Church

text: auxiliary bishop

text: Archdiocese of New York

text: Jersey City, New Jersey

text: Seton Hall University

text: St. Joseph's Seminary

text: Dunwoodie

text: John O'Connor

text: St. Charles parish

text: Staten Island

text: St. Teresa parish

text: parochial vicar

text: pastor

text: Titular Bishop

text: Pope Francis

text: Timothy Dolan

text: St. Patrick's Cathedral

text: Gerald Thomas Walsh

text: Dominick John Lagonegro

text: crosier

text: Terence Cooke

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

categories: Roman Catholic bishops in New York (state),Seton Hall University alumni,Saint Joseph's Seminary (Dunwoodie) alumni,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,1946 births,American titular bishops,People of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York,Living people,Clergy from Jersey City, New Jersey

paragraph: John Joseph O'Hara

paragraph: John Joseph O'Hara (born February 7, 1946) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church, who currently serves as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of New York.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: O'Hara was born in Jersey City, New Jersey and was educated in Catholic elementary and high schools there. He earned a bachelor’s degree in English from Seton Hall University. He worked in broadcast journalism for 13 years before entering St. Joseph's Seminary in Dunwoodie. O'Hara was ordained a priest by Cardinal John O'Connor on December 1, 1984. His pastoral assignments included St. Charles parish on Staten Island from 1984 to 1992, and St. Teresa parish, Staten Island, from 1992 to 2012 as both parochial vicar and pastor. O'Hara served as the director of strategic pastoral planning for the archdiocese from 2012 to 2014, where he led the "Making All Things New" parish planning process.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Auxiliary Bishop of New York.

paragraph: O'Hara was named the Titular Bishop of "Ath Truim" and Auxiliary Bishop of New York by Pope Francis on June 14, 2014. He was consecrated a bishop by Cardinal Timothy Dolan in St. Patrick's Cathedral on August 4, 2014. New York auxiliary bishops Gerald Thomas Walsh and Dominick John Lagonegro were the co-consecratiors. Bishop O'Hara's crosier was used by the late Cardinal Terence Cooke who had served as New York's archbishop.

paragraph: In October 2017 O'Hara intervened to force out the International Human Rights Art Festival from performing at one of the churches in his diocese, because of its gay and transgender content. The church offered to host the event if these specific acts were rejected, but the director of the festival declined.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York Official Site

description: American bishop

wikidata_label: John Joseph O’Hara

wikipedia_title: John Joseph O'Hara


text:
Spoil Engine
Dour
Spoil Engine
Roadrunner Records
Nuclear Blast
Universal
Spoil Engine
Megadeth
Motörhead
Killswitch Engage
Papa Roach
Arch Enemy
Prong
Graspop
Pukkelpop
Spoil Engine
Electronic Engineering
Leeds Metropolitan University
IMEC
List of Roadrunner Records artists
Spoil Engine official website
Spoil Engine
Encyclopaedia Metallum
Deformity
Encyclopaedia Metallum
Spoil Engine
Last.fm
Leeds Metropolitan University
Quicksand micro-electronics

categories: American guitarists,1976 births,Living people

paragraph: Steven 'gaze' Sanders

paragraph: Steven 'gaze' Sanders (born August 19, 1976) is a Belgian guitarist noted for his work as founder, guitarist and manager for Spoil Engine.

paragraph: He also holds a Master of Science degree in micro-electronics and is the founder of Quicksand, a micro-electronics company.

paragraph: Section::::Guitarist.

paragraph: From 1996 to 2002, he was a founding member of the 5-piece deathcore metalband 'Deformity', which primarily toured in the European underground scene and played Dour festival.

paragraph: From 2004 to present, he is a founding member of the 5-piece groove metalband Spoil Engine, a Belgian metalband with Dutch singer and drummer, with albums on Roadrunner Records, Nuclear Blast and Universal.

paragraph: Spoil Engine directly supported bands such as Megadeth, Motörhead, Killswitch Engage, Papa Roach, Arch Enemy and Prong and primarily toured in Europe and Asia. Major festival appearances include Graspop (4x), Pukkelpop (2x),

paragraph: MIDI China, Wacken Open Air, Summer Breeze, Dour festival, Zwarte Cross, Alcatraz, Masters at Rock (2x) and Suikerrock (2x).

paragraph: He is the CEO of Daily Sin Entertainment, currently managing Spoil Engine and closed deals with Roadrunner Records, Nuclear Blast, Universal and Live Nation.

paragraph: He also convinced Belgian surrealist Panamerenko to deliver artwork for the latest 'Spoil Engine' record cover.

paragraph: Section::::Micro-electronics.

paragraph: In 2001, he graduated cum laude as Master of Science in Electronic Engineering at Leeds Metropolitan University. While contracted at IMEC, he

paragraph: co-invented 2 patents

paragraph: in ultra low power wireless sensor design. In 2005, he started the micro-electronics company Quicksand.

paragraph: Section::::Endorsements.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mayones Guitars (2005–2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- ENGL amplification (2013–present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- BlacKat guitars (2013–present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mooer (2017–present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kemper Amps (2017–present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- EVH 5150 (2019–present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charvel guitars (2019-present)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: With Deformity:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Live Beyond (1996 – demo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Misanthrope (1997 – EP on Goodlife)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murder within Sin (1999 – Blasphemour Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Superior (2002 – Displeased Records)

paragraph: With Spoil Engine:

paragraph: BULLET::::- The fragile light before ignition (2006 – demo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Skinnerbox v.07 (2007 – Apache Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antimatter (2009 – Roadrunner Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The art of imperfection (2012 – Universal)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stormsleeper EP (2015 - Daily Sin Entertainment)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stormsleeper (2017 - Arising Empire/Nuclear Blast)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Roadrunner Records artists

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spoil Engine official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spoil Engine at Encyclopaedia Metallum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deformity at Encyclopaedia Metallum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spoil Engine at Last.fm

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leeds Metropolitan University

paragraph: BULLET::::- Quicksand micro-electronics

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Steven 'gaze' Sanders

wikipedia_title: Steven 'gaze' Sanders


text: Azerbaijan

text: jazz

text: mugham

text: Old City

text: Baku

text: Samed Vurgun

text: Asaf Zeynally

text: Azerbaijan State Conservatoire

text: classical jazz

text: blues

text: USSR

text: BBC radio

text: Meykhana

text: Willis Conover

text: Tbilisi

text: Donetsk

text: Monaco

text: jazz mugham

text: Tashkent

text: Epinal

text: Aziza Mustafa Zadeh

text: Willis Conover

text: B.B. King

text: vagif.musigi-dunya.az

text: musiqi.az ("in Azeri")

text: Come closer to Vagif Mustafazadeh

text: Aziza Mustafa Zadeh website

text: Восточный Джаз Вагифа Мустафа-заде

categories: Jazz composers,Azerbaijani jazz musicians,1979 deaths,1940 births,People from Baku,20th-century jazz composers,Soviet pianists,Soviet musicians,Azerbaijani jazz pianists,Baku Academy of Music alumni,20th-century pianists

paragraph: Vagif Mustafazadeh

paragraph: Vagif Mustafazadeh (; March 16, 1940 – December 16, 1979), also known as Vaqif Mustafa-Zadeh, was an Azerbaijani jazz pianist and composer, acclaimed for fusing jazz and the traditional Azerbaijani folk music known as mugham. According to many world famous jazz musicians, Mustafazadeh is one of the pioneers and "the architect of jazz in Azerbaijan".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Mustafazadeh was born in Old City, the historic core of Baku, on March 16, 1940. His name was chosen by the renowned poet, Samed Vurgun, on the request of his mother, who was a piano teacher in local music school and played very influential and immeasurable role in his success.

paragraph: In 1963, he graduated from Baku State Musical School named after Asaf Zeynally and a year later accepted to Azerbaijan State Conservatoire. He first achieved fame at the Music School where he studied by giving concerts there, later on performing at the parties and evenings held at the universities and clubs, shortly after he became one of the most influential musical performers in Azerbaijan. While performing at the clubs, he mainly played classical jazz, as well as blues and dance music.

paragraph: Section::::Soviet prohibition.

paragraph: Musical prohibitions during the 1940s and 1950s meant that the playing of jazz was banned in the USSR, including Azerbaijan. Since there was no opportunity to get jazz records from anywhere, Mustafazade listened to jazz pieces, learning from movies where he heard jazz music and BBC radio and sang Meykhana, rhythmic poetry, which had also been banned. After listening on the radio, he and his friend Vagif Samadoglu attempted to recreate the music on the piano.

paragraph: Section::::Popularity and recognition.

paragraph: From the 1960s, prohibitions put on jazz music were gradually lifted and thus the late 1960s and 70s became a time when Baku was a real center of locally inspired jazz. By this time, Mustafazade was making his way to his audience and his popularity grew. His name was often mentioned among other jazz musicians and he participated in festivals held in his native land, as well as in and outside the Soviet countries. Since making a strong impression in his early years at college, his music progressed and popularity grew; he appeared in many festivals.

paragraph: In 1966, Willis Conover, conductor of the "Jazz Time" radio program, even went as far as to say, "Vagif Mustafazadeh is an extraordinary pianist. It is impossible to identify his equal. He is the most lyrical pianist I have ever known.

paragraph: In 1965, he quit the conservatoire and went to Tbilisi to lead the "Orero" musical ensemble. Later he created the "Qafqaz" jazz trio at Georgian State Philarmony. In 1970 the "Leyli" women's quartet and in 1971 "Sevil" vocal-instrumental ensemble were assembled by him. Until 1977 he guided the groups. Between 1977-1979 until his death he led the "Mugham" instrumental ensemble which was also organized by him.Vagif attended "Tallinn-66" All-Soviet Union Jazz Festival and "Caz-69" Azerbaijani jazz festivals and was awarded as laureate there. Mustafazadeh was also elected as laureate at Donetsk All-Soviet Union Jazz Festival held in 1977. He was elected as the best pianist in "Tbilisi-78". He won first prize at the 8th International Competition of Jazz Composers for his composition "Waiting for Aziza" in Monaco in 1978, and was awarded a white grand piano, but died the next year. Vagif Mustafazadeh was named Honored Artist of Azerbaijan SSR and after his death was honoured with an Azerbaijani State Prize.

paragraph: Section::::Jazz mugham.

paragraph: Mustafazadeh is the founder of Azerbaijani jazz mugham movement that emerged in the late 1960s and 1970s in Baku, as a result of the mixture of these two styles. He began searching for new ways to structure his improvisations by exploring modal music. More innovative approaches were taken by him and its influence stretched into later developments of this style.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Mustafazadeh died of a heart attack shortly after a concert in Tashkent and also shortly before the birthdays of his wife (December 17) and daughter (December 19).

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Mustafazadeh was married twice; from his first marriage he had a daughter named Lala, a talented classical pianist. She won the Grand Prize in the Epinal Piano Competition, France, in 1991. His second marriage was to Eliza, and from that union was born Aziza Mustafa Zadeh, also a jazz musician.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: His works and performance were praised by internationally known leading world musicians, such as Willis Conover and B.B. King. Once when King shared the same stage with Mustafazade, he heard him playing the blues piano and said nobody could play the blues like him and afterwards said to Vagif that "people call me the king of the blues, but if I could play the piano like you do, I would call myself God."

paragraph: More than three decades since Mustafazade's death, a larger number of his recordings from all periods of his career are more widely available in stores than at any time during his lifetime.

paragraph: Section::::House museum.

paragraph: With the initiative of Former Minister of Culture, Polad Bulbuloglu, Vagif Mustafazadeh's House museum was established. First, the museum was run by Jazzman's mother, Zivar khanum. Afterwards, she behested the museum to her niece, Afag. Afag Aliyeva has been head of the museum since 1997. In 2004, the expositions as well as the building of the museum was restored with her initiative. Beginning from 2004, the museum operates as a state museum under the control of Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- vagif.musigi-dunya.az

paragraph: BULLET::::- musiqi.az ("in Azeri")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Come closer to Vagif Mustafazadeh, Vagif's page on jazz.az

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vagif Mustafazadeh: Mugham Jazz, Musical Roots in Baku's Old City. Azerbaijan International

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Emergence of Jazz in Azerbaijan, Vagif Mustafazadeh: Fusing Jazz with Mugam. Azerbaijan International

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aziza Mustafa Zadeh website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Восточный Джаз Вагифа Мустафа-заде

alias:
Vagif Mustafa Zadeh
Vagif Mustafa-Zade
Vagif Mustafa-Zadeh
Vagif Mustafazade

description: Azerbaijani musician

wikidata_label: Vagif Mustafazadeh

wikipedia_title: Vagif Mustafazadeh


text:
Turkish
Çal
Denizli
İzmir
Istanbul
Ottoman
Şeker Ahmet Paşa
Mimar Sinan University
Fernand Cormon
cubism
impressionism
Enver Pasha

categories: People from Çal,1960 deaths,1882 births,20th-century Turkish painters

paragraph: İbrahim Çallı

paragraph: İbrahim Çallı (13 July 1882 in Çal – 22 May 1960 in İstanbul) was a Turkish painter. He is popularly known as "Çallı İbrahim".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: İbrahim Çallı was born in Çal, Denizli. He showed early interest in painting during his primary and secondary education which he finished in his hometown and in İzmir.

paragraph: In 1899 he went to Istanbul where he worked in several jobs while he continued painting. Meanwhile, he took drawing lessons from an Armenian-origin Ottoman painter -Roben Efendi- at Grand Bazaar. With the support of Şeker Ahmet Paşa he entered the Fine Arts School (now Mimar Sinan University) in 1906.

paragraph: Graduating the school with the highest degree after four years, Çallı was sent to France with a fellowship from government where he studied under Fernand Cormon. During his years in France he didn't pay much attention to upcoming movements like cubism, he embraced a free style close to impressionism. With the outbreak of World War I he returned home and was appointed assistant to Salvatore Valeri at the Fine Arts School. During the war he produced war-themed paintings in the studio founded by the War Minister Enver Pasha with other artists among them Ali Sami Boyar,

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He retired in 1947 and he died of gastrointestinal bleeding on 22 May 1960.

alias:
Ibrahim Çalli
Ibrahim Çallı

description: Turkish painter

wikidata_label: İbrahim Çallı

wikipedia_title: İbrahim Çallı


text:
artistic gymnast
2016 Summer Olympics
2017 European
Cluj-Napoca
Adrienn Varga

categories: 2000 births,Gymnasts at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Living people,Hungarian female artistic gymnasts

paragraph: Zsófia Kovács (gymnast)

paragraph: Zsófia Kovács (born 6 April 2000) is a Hungarian artistic gymnast who competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics. She is the 2017 European all-around silver medalist.

paragraph: Section::::Gymnastics Career.

paragraph: Also in 2016, she performed in the German Gymnastics Bundesliga (premier league) for the team TZ DSHS Köln. On the second competition day, she showed the best all-around performance of all gymnasts. At the 2017 European Gymnastics Championships in Cluj-Napoca, she won a silver medal in the all-around, becoming the first Hungarian woman to land on the podium since Adrienn Varga did so in 1998 when she won vault. During these championships, Kovacs also qualified to three individual finals where she finished 6th on vault, uneven bars and balance beam.

description: Hungarian female artistic gymnast

wikidata_label: Zsófia Kovács

wikipedia_title: Zsófia Kovács (gymnast)


text: architectural painting

text: capricci

text: vedute

text: 'quadratura'

text: Viviano Codazzi

text: Rome

text: Masaniello

text: Vicente Giner

text: church of San Macuto

text: Palazzo Altieri

text: Aix-en-Provence

text: Louis XIV of France

text: Grand appartement de la reine

text: René-Antoine Houasse

text: Gregorio de Ferrari

text: Piola

text: Paolo Gerolamo Piola

text: Palazzo Rosso

text: 'quadratura'

text: chiaroscuro

text: Pietro Longhi

text: Pieter van Bloemen

text: Jacob de Heusch

text: Filippo Lauri

text: Adriaen van der Cabel

text: Paolo Gerolamo Piola

text: 'quadratura'

categories: Italian male painters,17th-century Italian painters,1693 deaths,Neapolitan painters,1624 births,Italian Baroque painters

paragraph: Niccolò Codazzi

paragraph: Niccolò Codazzi (Naples 1642 – Genoa 1693) was an Italian painter of architectural paintings, capricci and "vedute". He also created decorative elements in fresco's as a painter of 'quadratura'. A son of the prominent architectural painter Viviano Codazzi, he trained with his father and was active in Rome, Paris and Genoa.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Viviano Codazzi was born in Genoa as the first born son of Viviano Codazzi and Candida Miranda. His father had moved to Genoa in 1633 to work on major commissions. His family relocated to Rome following the anti-Spanish revolt of Masaniello in 1647.

paragraph: Niccolò Codazzi studied along with Vicente Giner under his father Viviano Codazzi. He later worked in his father's workshop. The works of father and son during his early period are difficult to distinguish. He was in Rome from 1675 and lived near the church of San Macuto. He was one of the artists who worked on the decoration of the "piano nobile" (grand salon) of the Palazzo Altieri.

paragraph: Niccolò Codazzi moved to France, a move which was probably related to the fierce competition amongst painters in Rome. He was first in Aix-en-Provence where he collaborated with Nicolas Pinson. He later moved to Paris where he lived around 1681 and 1682. He clearly gained some notoriety in Paris since in 1681 he applied to enter the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture. He was accepted thanks to Charles Lebrun's support of his candidacy.

paragraph: During his French sojourn, he received a commission by king Louis XIV of France to paint landscapes with architecture for the Grand appartement de la reine at Versailles. He was commissioned to paint four large architecture paintings together with the painter René-Antoine Houasse for the queen’s stairs in Versailles.

paragraph: At the end of his training in France, he returned to Italy, in all probability to Rome. He may also have spent time in Naples as some of his compositions are mentioned in the Naples collection of the prince of Galatro in 1688. In 1684 he rented a house in Zerbino near Genoa. In Genoa he worked alongside painters such as Gregorio de Ferrari and the Piola brothers. He is known to have worked with Paolo Gerolamo Piola on the decorations in the Palazzo Rosso.

paragraph: At the time of his death, he was living in Genoa. He was buried in the now destroyed San Vito alla Foce.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Just like his father he predominantly painted architectural scenes, capricci and ruins. He is also likely to have only painted the architecture, leaving the figures to be added by different artists. The majority of his works are medium-sized architecture paintings depicting ideal architectural structures, or capricci, in a landscape. He developed an affinity for the association of ruins and nature similar to that of his father. The subject matter and style of his painting show the growing popularity of Classical Rome with collectors in the 17th century. Niccolò was also a painter of 'quadratura' and further executed decorations for festivities.

paragraph: His works demonstrate an exceptional mastery of perspective and colour scale. Through the skillful use of shadows he was able to add rhythm and space to his compositions. Codazzi's work is representative of Counter Reformation painting in his use of strong chiaroscuro. It is believed that Codazzi was nicknamed the “little Caravaggio” by Pietro Longhi.

paragraph: The figures in his works are always painted by other artists, who were specialist staffage painters. His most frequent collaborator was Vicente Giner. He also collaborated with Theodor Helmbreker, Pieter van Bloemen, Jacob de Heusch, Filippo Lauri and Adriaen van der Cabel, and during his time in Genoa, with Paolo Gerolamo Piola.

paragraph: The type of decorative architectural paintings that Codazzi created represented a form that had become popular in mid-17th century Rome. The predecessor of this type of vedute can be found in 16th-century painting, and in particular in the architectural settings that were painted as the framework of large-scale frescoes and ceiling decorations known as 'quadratura'. These architectural elements gained prominence in 17th-century painting to become stand-alone subjects of easel paintings.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- David R. Marshall, Viviano and Niccolò Codazzi and the Baroque Architectural Fantasy, Rome, Jandi Sapi, 1993

alias:
Niccolo Codazzi
Niccolo Viviani Codazzi
Niccolò Viviani Codazzi
Nicola Codazzo
Niccolò Viviano Codazzi
Niccola Viviano
Codazzi
figlio dj Viviano
figlio di Riviano
figlio di Viviano
Viviano frate
Codazzi Niccolo Viviani
Nicolaus Viviani
Nic. Coda

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Niccolò Codazzi

wikipedia_title: Niccolò Codazzi


categories: Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame inductees,Japanese baseball players,2002 deaths,Nippon Professional Baseball second basemen,Yomiuri Giants players,Managers of baseball teams in Japan,1919 births,Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes managers,Nippon Professional Baseball third basemen

paragraph:
Shigeru Chiba (baseball)
Section::::External links.
BULLET::::- Baseball-Reference

description: Japanese baseball player

wikidata_label: Shigeru Chiba

wikipedia_title: Shigeru Chiba (baseball)


text:
Liberal Party
1832 general election
Member of Parliament
borough of Wakefield
West Riding of Yorkshire
1835
James Milnes Gaskell
1837 general election
Conservative Party
Wakefield

wikipedia_title:
Liberal Party (UK)
1832 United Kingdom general election
Member of parliament
Wakefield (UK Parliament constituency)
West Riding of Yorkshire
1835 United Kingdom general election
James Milnes Gaskell
1837 United Kingdom general election
Conservative Party (UK)
Wakefield

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,1782 births,UK MPs 1835–1837,Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,1875 deaths,Politics of Wakefield

paragraph: Daniel Gaskell

paragraph: Daniel Gaskell (11 September 1782 – 20 December 1875) was a British Liberal Party politician.

paragraph: He was elected at the 1832 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the newly enfranchised borough of Wakefield in the West Riding of Yorkshire. He was re-elected in 1835,

paragraph: at the same election that returned his nephew, James Milnes Gaskell as M.P. for Wenlock.

paragraph: He held the seat until his defeat at the 1837 general election by the Conservative Party candidate William Lascelles.

paragraph: Gaskell, whose home was at Lupsett Hall, Yorkshire, died in 1875 aged ninety-three.

paragraph: There is a monument to him in the Unitarian Chapel on Westgate, in Wakefield.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Daniel Gaskell

wikipedia_title: Daniel Gaskell


text:
Sheffield
Alabama
cinematographer
World War I
Beau Geste
A Kiss for Cinderella
Flying Down to Rio
She
A Daughter of the Gods
The Lone Wolf
Victory and Peace
Pagan Love
The Branded Woman
Woman's Place
What Women Will Do
Love's Redemption
Polly of the Follies
Sherlock Holmes
Smilin' Through
Second Youth
The Rejected Woman
Dangerous Money
Argentine Love
The Crowded Hour
The Manicure Girl
Wild, Wild Susan
Lovers in Quarantine
A Kiss for Cinderella
The American Venus
Dancing Mothers
The Ace of Cads
She's a Sheik
Something Always Happens
The Fifty-Fifty Girl
Forgotten Faces
Take Me Home
Interference
The Virginian
The Cocoanuts
The Dance of Life
Why Bring That Up?
Dixiana
The Woman Between
Friends and Lovers
Consolation Marriage
Let's Try Again
The Last Days of Pompeii
Sea Devils
Thundering Hoofs
Crossfire
Gun Smugglers
Return of the Bad Men
Rustlers

categories: American cinematographers,People from Fayette County, West Virginia,1972 deaths,1884 births

paragraph: J. Roy Hunt

paragraph: J. Roy Hunt (July 7, 1884 Caperton, West Virginia – October 1972 Sheffield, Alabama) born John Roy Hunt was an American motion picture cameraman and cinematographer. His career began around the time of World War I and continued to the 1950s. Hunt served as director of cinematography on numerous films, such as "Beau Geste", "A Kiss for Cinderella", "Flying Down to Rio", and "She".

paragraph: Section::::Partial filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Daughter of the Gods" (1916)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lone Wolf" (1917)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Victory and Peace" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pagan Love" (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Branded Woman" (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Woman's Place" (1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What Women Will Do" (1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love's Redemption" (1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Polly of the Follies" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sherlock Holmes" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Smilin' Through" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Second Youth" (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rejected Woman" (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dangerous Money" (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Argentine Love" (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Crowded Hour" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Manicure Girl" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wild, Wild Susan" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lovers in Quarantine" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Kiss for Cinderella" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The American Venus" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dancing Mothers" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ace of Cads" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "She's a Sheik" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Something Always Happens" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fifty-Fifty Girl" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Forgotten Faces" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Take Me Home" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Interference" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Virginian" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cocoanuts (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Dance of Life" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Why Bring That Up?" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dixiana" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Woman Between" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Friends and Lovers" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Consolation Marriage" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Let's Try Again" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Last Days of Pompeii" (1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sea Devils" (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thundering Hoofs" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Crossfire" (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gun Smugglers" (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Return of the Bad Men" (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rustlers" (1949)

description: cinematographer from United States

wikidata_label: J. Roy Hunt

wikipedia_title: J. Roy Hunt


text:
Asukai clan
Fujiwara stock
Masaari
Asukai-shū
Shin Kokin Wakashū
Go-Toba
Tsuchimikado
Juntoku
Kamakura shogunate
Fujiwara no Shunzei
Shin Kokin Wakashū
Teika
private "waka" collection
Ogura Hyakunin Isshu

categories: People of Heian-period Japan,13th-century Japanese poets,Hyakunin Isshu poets,People of Kamakura-period Japan,12th-century Japanese poets,Asukai family

paragraph: Asukai no Masatsune

paragraph: He was a son of , and the ancestor of the Asukai clan, who were known for their skill at both poetic composition and "kemari". Being of Fujiwara stock, he was also known as . Among his grandchildren was the poet Masaari. He made a private collection, the "Asukai-shū", which was posthumously edited by his grandson in 1292. Twenty-two of his poems were included in the "Shin Kokin Wakashū", and a total of 134 in the imperial anthologies.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Masatsune served three emperors, Go-Toba, Tsuchimikado and Juntoku, in addition to working under the Kamakura shogunate.

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.

paragraph: Masatsune studied "waka" under Fujiwara no Shunzei and from 1201 served in the . He served as one of the compilers of the "Shin Kokin Wakashū", along with Shunzei's son Teika. Some twenty-two of his own poems were included in the imperial collection. A total of 134 of his poems were included in it and later imperial collections. He also compiled a private "waka" collection, the , which was edited by his grandson Masaari in 1292.

paragraph: The following poem by him was included as No. 94 in Teika's famous "Ogura Hyakunin Isshu":

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- McMillan, Peter. 2010 (1st ed. 2008). "One Hundred Poets, One Poem Each". New York: Columbia University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Suzuki Hideo, Yamaguchi Shin'ichi, Yoda Yasushi. 2009 (1st ed. 1997). "Genshoku: Ogura Hyakunin Isshu". Tokyo: Bun'eidō.

description: Japanese poet and writer

wikidata_label: Asukai Masatsune

wikipedia_title: Asukai no Masatsune


text:
professional golfer
U.S. Open
1902 U.S. Open
PGA of America
Troon
Scotland
Ireland
World War I
SS "Cameronia"
Glasgow
1902 U.S. Open
Walter Travis
Laurie Auchterlonie
1903 U.S. Open
1900 U.S. Open
1901 U.S. Open
Myopia Hunt Club
Garden City Golf Club
U.S. Open
Alex Smith
Western Open
Willie Anderson
Highland Park, Illinois
1902 U.S. Open

categories: Golf administrators,Scottish male golfers,Scottish emigrants to the United States,1878 births

paragraph: Stewart Gardner

paragraph: Stewart Orr Gardner (31 October 1878 – 12 April 1931) was a Scottish-American professional golfer who played in the late 19th and early 20th century. He had seven top-10 finishes in the U.S. Open. His best performance was a T2 finish in the 1902 U.S. Open. In 1924 he served as vice president at large of the PGA of America.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Gardner was born on 31 October 1878 in Troon, Scotland, the son of Robert Gardner and Agnes Gardner (née Snoddy) who were both born in Ireland. He grew to be a tall man, and had blue eyes and brown hair. He emigrated to the United States in 1899 and on 6 November 1919 he applied for, and was granted, U.S. citizenship. He registered for the draft during World War I on 12 September 1918 but it is unknown whether he saw any combat since the war would be over only two months later. He occasionally took trips back to Scotland, presumably to visit his mother and other family members, but would then return to the U.S. One such trip was aboard the SS "Cameronia" which left Glasgow on 28 February 1914 and arrived in New York on 9 March 1914.

paragraph: Section::::Golf career.

paragraph: Gardner was best known for a strong finish in the 1902 U.S. Open where he finished tied second with Walter Travis, but a distant six shots behind winner Laurie Auchterlonie. Gardner placed third in the 1903 U.S. Open and ninth in the 1900 U.S. Open. Gardner also finished fourth in the 1901 U.S. Open held at Myopia Hunt Club. In 1901 the Myopia Hunt Club course played extraordinarily difficult; no players in the event broke 80.

paragraph: Gardner was one of the first of a large group of Scottish golf professionals to come to America around the turn of the 19th century. He arrived in the United States in 1899 and took his first position at Lenox, Massachusetts. He served as head professional at Garden City Golf Club on Long Island, New York, but his longest stint was a 10-year posting at Exmoor Country Club. In his prime, he won many tournaments between 1901 and 1904.

paragraph: In 1905 he was tied for the lead after the first day in the U.S. Open with Alex Smith but he had a third round 85 and eventually finished fifth. In 1909 he was runner-up in the Western Open, nine shots behind winner Willie Anderson. The Western Open was considered to be a major tournament in the early 20th century.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: By 1930 Gardner was single and rooming with the Alfred Stupple family in Highland Park, Illinois. Gardner died at his home in Highland Park on 12 April 1931 after a lingering illness at the age of 52. He is best remembered for a T2 finish in the 1902 U.S. Open. He was buried at North Shore Cemetery in Chicago, Illinois.

paragraph: Section::::Results in major championships.

paragraph: "Note: Gardner played only in the U.S. Open."

paragraph: "T" indicates a tie for a placebr

paragraph: Yellow background for top-10

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: It is possible that Gardner's middle name might be "Owen" as shown on his draft registration card.

wikidata_label: Stewart Gardner

wikipedia_title: Stewart Gardner


text:
S.J
Roubaix
France
Batticaloa
Sri Lanka
French
Jesuit
priest
Society of Jesus
Gemert
Enghien
Reims
missionary
St. Michael's College in Batticaloa
St. Michael's College National School
Trincomalee

categories: Sri Lankan Jesuits,1945 deaths,1865 births,School principals and headteachers by school in Sri Lanka,Sri Lankan people of French descent,Sri Lankan educational theorists

paragraph: Ferdinand Bonnel

paragraph: Rev. Fr. Ferdinand Bonnel, S.J., born on 31 August 1865 in Roubaix, France, and died on 7 May 1945 in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka, was a French Jesuit priest.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bonnel was trained as novitiate of the Society of Jesus in Gemert, Netherlands, commencing 7 September 1888. His training continued with the study of philosophy (1891–1893) and theology (1897–1900) at the seminary of the Jesuits in Enghien, Belgium, with a break for a few years of apostolic experience in Reims between 1893 and 1897. He was ordained priest in Enghien in August 1899.

paragraph: In 1902 he joined his brother Fr Charles Bonnel (also a Jesuit priest) as a missionary in Ceylon (now known as Sri Lanka). Bonnel spent a year studying the Tamil language (1902–1903) before he was appointed director of St. Michael's College in Batticaloa. A position in which he remained for over forty years. He is one of the architects of St. Michael's College National School and founder of the school.

paragraph: Twice he combined his duties as director with the Regional Superior of the Jesuits in the region of Trincomalee (from 1917 to 1930 and again from 1932 to 1944), after the unexpected death of his successor, Maurice Boutry. Bonnel was also for a time the vicar general of the diocese of Trincomalee.

paragraph: Bonnel died in Batticaloa on 7 May 1945. Bonnel is considered as a renowned educator, who has been honored by issuing a Sri Lankan postage stamp with his image in 1988.

description: Sri Lankan catholic priest (1865-1945)

wikidata_label: Ferdinand Bonnel

wikipedia_title: Ferdinand Bonnel


text:
Parkhurst
Tom Taylor
Queens Theatre
Joan of Arc
Jose Mora portrait ca.1870s

categories: 1848 births,1879 deaths,People from the Isle of Wight

paragraph: Clara Rousby

paragraph: Clara Rousby (1848–1879) was an actress who made notable appearances on the London stage.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Clara Marion Jessie Dowse was born in 1848 at Parkhurst on the Isle of Wight. She was the daughter of Dr. Richard Dowse who was the inspector-general of hospitals. She moved to Plymouth when her father retired. She met Wymert Rousby, who was an actor and theatre manager from Jersey, at the theatre. Her husband was a noted Roman Catholic convert. They married in 1868. They were acting when they were talented-spotted in Jersey and recommended to the leading London playwright Tom Taylor.

paragraph: They both appeared at the Queens Theatre in Long Acre with Mrs. Rousby as Fiordelisa, and Mr. Rousby as Bertuccio in Taylor's "The Fool's Revenge". Rousby was referred to as the "beautiful Mrs Rousby". She then went on to play Joan of Arc where the realisation of her being burnt raised objections. Her last appearance was in 1878, after which she went to Germany on the advice of her doctor where she died on 19 April 1879.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: Jose Mora portrait ca.1870s

alias:
Clara Marion Jessie Dowse
Clara Marion Jessie Rousby

description: English actress

wikidata_label: Clara Rousby

wikipedia_title: Clara Rousby


text:
Noordeloos
Bakel
World War II
Delft
Leiden

categories: 1884 births,People from Delft,1966 deaths,20th-century Dutch women writers,20th-century Dutch novelists

paragraph: Jo van Ammers-Küller

paragraph: Johanna van Ammers-Küller (13 August 1884, Noordeloos – 23 January 1966, Bakel) was a Dutch writer. She was one of the most successful European female writers in the interwar period, though her reputation suffered as a result of her collaboration during World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Johanna Küller grew up in Delft, the only child of middle-class parents. By the age of 18 she was engaged to Rudolf van Ammers, an engineer, and she married him when she was 21. He became head of the Municipal Lighting Works in Leiden.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maskerade", 1919

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The house of joy: a story of stage-life in Holland", 1924. Translated by H. van Wyhe.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The rebel generation", 1925. Translated by M. W. Hoper from the Dutch "De opstandigen : een familie-roman in drie boeken".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tantalus, a novel", 1930. Translated by G.J. Renier and Irene Clephane from the Dutch "Tantalus", 1928

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No surrender", 1930. Translated by W. D. Robson-Scott from the Dutch "De Opstandigen. 2. Vrouwenkruistocht".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jenny Heysten's career", 1930. Translated by H. van Wyhe.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The apple and Eve", 1933. Translated by Mrs C. B. Bodde from "Der Apfel und Eva".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The house of Tavelinck" 1938. Translated by A. v. A. van Duym and Edmund Gilligan from the Dutch "Heeren, knechten en vrouwen"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Elzelina : de geschiedenis van een Hollandsche vrouw in de jaren 1776-1845", 1940.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ma: een familieroman uit de jaren 1871-1901", 1942.

alias:
Johanna van Ammers-Küller
Johanna Küller
Johanna van Ammers-Kuller
Johanna Kuller

description: Dutch writer

wikidata_label: Jo van Ammers-Küller

wikipedia_title: Jo van Ammers-Küller


text:
King Liutprand of the Lombards
Duke of Benevento
Audelais
Gisulf II
Paul the Deacon
Paul the Deacon
"Historia Langobardorum"

categories: 740 deaths,8th-century Lombard people,Year of birth unknown,Dukes of Benevento,8th-century rulers in Europe

paragraph: Gregory of Benevento

paragraph: Gregory (died 739/740) was a nephew of King Liutprand of the Lombards, who appointed him Duke of Benevento in 733 or thereabouts after removing both the usurper Audelais and the minor Gisulf II. He governed the "people of the Samnites," as Paul the Deacon calls the Beneventans, for seven years.

paragraph: He was married to Giselperga.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul the Deacon. "Historia Langobardorum". Available at Northvegr.

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: br

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: Gregory of Benevento

wikipedia_title: Gregory of Benevento


text: prince du sang

text: Count of Vendôme

text: John VIII de Bourbon, Count of Vendôme

text: Provence

text: Capetian dynasty

text: prince du sang

text: Anne of France

text: Charles VIII of France

text: Marie of Luxembourg

text: Margaret of Savoy

text: Jacques of Savoy, Count of Romont

text: Saint-Pol

text: Soissons

text: Picardy

text: Château de Condé

text: Princes of Condé

text: Louis de Bourbon, 1st Prince of Condé

text: Charles de Bourbon

text: Henry IV

text: grandson

text: male line

text: Francis de Bourbon

text: Duke of Estouteville

text: Louis de Bourbon

text: Archbishop of Sens

text: Antoinette de Bourbon

text: Claude, Duke of Guise

text: Fontevraud

text: Vercelli

text: Patrilineal descent

text: House of Bourbon

text: Capetian dynasty

text: Robertians

text: Robert of Hesbaye

text: Robert III of Worms

text: Robert IV the Strong

text: Robert I of France

text: Hugh the Great

text: Hugh Capet

text: Robert II of France

text: Henry I of France

text: Philip I of France

text: Louis VI of France

text: Louis VII of France

text: Philip II of France

text: Louis VIII of France

text: Louis IX of France

text: Robert, Count of Clermont

text: Louis I, Duke of Bourbon

text: James I, Count of La Marche

text: John I, Count of La Marche

text: Louis, Count of Vendôme

text: John II, Count of Vendôme

text: François de Bourbon, Count of Vendôme

categories: Counts of Vendôme,1495 deaths,1470 births,House of Bourbon,People from Vendôme

paragraph: Francis, Count of Vendôme

paragraph: Francis de Bourbon or François de Bourbon (Francis I, Count of Vendôme) (1470 – 30 October 1495), was a French prince du sang. He was the Count of Vendôme.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Francis was the son of John VIII de Bourbon, Count of Vendôme and Isabelle de Beauveau, the daughter of Louis de Beauvau, Marshal of Provence. As a legitimate member of the Capetian dynasty, he ranked in France as a "prince du sang". At his father's death, when he was seven, he succeeded as Count of Vendôme. During his minority, his estates were administered by his uncle, Louis le Joyeuse.

paragraph: Francis was a faithful follower of Anne of France and her brother, King Charles VIII of France.

paragraph: In 1487, Francis married Marie of Luxembourg, the elder daughter and principal heiress of Peter II of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol and Soissons, and Margaret of Savoy, and the widow of Jacques of Savoy, Count of Romont. She brought great estates as her dowry, including the countships of Saint-Pol and Soissons in Picardy, as well as the Château de Condé, which was later passed down as a residence to the Princes of Condé who were the descendants of her grandson, Louis de Bourbon, 1st Prince of Condé.

paragraph: They had six children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles de Bourbon (1489–1537), who later became Duke of Vendôme. French King Henry IV was his grandson and all French Kings starting from Henry IV descend from him in the male line.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacques de Bourbon (1490–1491), died young.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francis de Bourbon (1491–1545), Count of Saint Pol and Chaumont, and Duke of Estouteville.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis de Bourbon (1493–1557), Archbishop of Sens.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antoinette de Bourbon (1493–1583), married Claude, Duke of Guise.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louise de Bourbon (1495–1575), Abbess of Fontevraud.

paragraph: Also by Isabeau de Grigny, Francis had an illegitimate son:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacques de Bourbon

paragraph: Francis de Bourbon died at the age of 25 in Vercelli, Italy, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Charles IV de Bourbon. His widow Marie administered the family's estates during Charles' minority.

paragraph: Section::::Ancestors.

paragraph: Section::::Ancestors.:Patrilineal descent.

paragraph: Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations - which means that if Count François were to choose an historically accurate house name it would be Robertian, as all his male-line ancestors have been of that house.

paragraph: François is a member of the House of Bourbon, a branch of the Capetian dynasty and of the Robertians.

paragraph: François' patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son. It follows the Kings of France and the Counts of Paris and Worms. This line can be traced back more than 1,200 years from Robert of Hesbaye to the present day, through Kings of France & Navarre, Spain and Two-Sicilies, Dukes of Parma and Grand-Dukes of Luxembourg, Princes of Orléans and Emperors of Brazil. It is one of the oldest in Europe.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Robert II of Worms and Rheingau (Robert of Hesbaye), 770 - 807

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Robert III of Worms and Rheingau, 808 - 834

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Robert IV the Strong, 820 - 866

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Robert I of France, 866 - 923

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Hugh the Great, 895 - 956

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Hugh Capet, 941 - 996

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Robert II of France, 972 - 1031

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Henry I of France, 1008–1060

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Philip I of France, 1053–1108

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Louis VI of France, 1081–1137

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Louis VII of France, 1120–1180

paragraph: BULLET::::12. Philip II of France, 1165–1223

paragraph: BULLET::::13. Louis VIII of France, 1187–1226

paragraph: BULLET::::14. Louis IX of France, 1215–1270

paragraph: BULLET::::15. Robert, Count of Clermont, 1256–1317

paragraph: BULLET::::16. Louis I, Duke of Bourbon, 1279–1342

paragraph: BULLET::::17. James I, Count of La Marche, 1319–1362

paragraph: BULLET::::18. John I, Count of La Marche, 1344–1393

paragraph: BULLET::::19. Louis, Count of Vendôme, 1376–1446

paragraph: BULLET::::20. John II, Count of Vendôme, 1428–1478

paragraph: BULLET::::21. François de Bourbon, Count of Vendôme, 1470–1495

description: Count of Vendôme

wikidata_label: Francis

wikipedia_title: Francis, Count of Vendôme


text: Margaret of Savoy

text: Louis I, Duke of Savoy

text: cadet branch

text: dynasty

text: Dukes of Luxembourg

text: Holy Roman Emperor

text: Anne of Cyprus

text: Jacques of Savoy, Count of Romont

text: Charles the Bold

text: appanage

text: Vaud

text: Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol

text: sequestration

text: Francis de Bourbon, Count of Vendôme

text: prince du sang

text: Philip of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein

text: House of Bourbon

text: Saint-Pol

text: Soissons

text: Picardy

text: Ligny

text: Marle

text: Château de Condé

text: Princes of Condé

text: Louis de Bourbon, 1st Prince of Condé

text: guardian

text: minor

text: Saint Martin

text: Mairie

text: Henry III of Nassau-Breda

text: Charles de Bourbon

text: Francis de Bourbon

text: Duke of Estouteville

text: Cardinal Louis de Bourbon

text: Archbishop of Sens

text: Antoinette de Bourbon

text: Claude, Duke of Guise

text: Fontevrault

text: Huguenot

text: Catholic

text: Valois

text: Mary, Queen of Scots

text: Picardy

text: Vendôme

categories: 1472 births,15th-century French women,16th-century French women,1547 deaths,Counts of Soissons,16th-century French people,House of Luxembourg,15th-century French people,French suo jure nobility

paragraph: Marie of Luxembourg, Countess of Vendôme

paragraph: Marie of Luxembourg (died 1 April 1547) was a French princess, the elder daughter and principal heiress of Peter II of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol and Soissons, and Margaret of Savoy, a daughter of Louis I, Duke of Savoy. She belonged to the French, cadet branch of a dynasty which had reigned as Dukes of Luxembourg, and whose senior line provided several Holy Roman Emperors, before becoming extinct in 1437.

paragraph: Her paternal grandparents were Louis of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol and Brienne and Jeanne de Bar, Countess of Marle and Soissons. Her maternal grandparents were Louis I, Duke of Savoy and Princess Anne of Cyprus.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: She was first married as a child to her maternal uncle, Jacques of Savoy, Count of Romont. A commander in the army of Charles the Bold, he was deprived of his appanage, the Vaud, by Swiss armies sent by Berne and Fribourg shortly before Marie's prospects as heiress were greatly diminished, following the execution for treason of her grandfather, the French constable Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol in 1475, which entailed the sequestration of his property.

paragraph: Her status and part of her inheritance in France were restored upon her remarriage to Francis de Bourbon, Count of Vendôme, a "prince du sang", in 1487. Although she had a younger sister, Francisca of Luxembourg, who wed Philip of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein, and her father had several younger brothers, she brought vast estates and revenues to the House of Bourbon, including the counties of Saint-Pol and Soissons in Picardy, Ligny, and Marle, as well as the Château de Condé, which was later passed down as a residence to the Princes of Condé who were the descendants of her grandson, Louis de Bourbon, 1st Prince of Condé.

paragraph: At Francis's death in 1495, she became guardian of their minor son and heir Charles, and managed the lands he inherited from his father as well as her own. She enlarged the Collégiale Saint Georges, rebuilt the Church of Saint Martin, and donated the Porte Saint Georges-aux-Bourgeois-de-Vendôme to become the "Mairie".

paragraph: Her daughter by her first marriage, Louise-Françoise of Savoy (d. 1511), died childless after her marriage to Count Henry III of Nassau-Breda. With her second husband Francis, Marie had:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles de Bourbon (1489–1537), Duke of Vendôme.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francis de Bourbon (1491–1545), Count of Saint Pol and Chaumont, and Duke of Estouteville.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cardinal Louis de Bourbon (1493-1557), Archbishop of Sens.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antoinette de Bourbon (1493-1583), married Claude, Duke of Guise.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louise de Bourbon (1495–1575), Abbess of Fontevrault.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: She lived to see her sons and son-in-law, and her Bourbon and Guise grandchildren become mortal enemies, leading the Huguenot and Catholic factions, respectively, vying for power in France as the Valois dynasty approached extinction. She was still living when her great-granddaughter was crowned Mary, Queen of Scots in 1542.She died in the in Picardy, but was buried with her second husband in Vendôme.

description: French noble


text:
condottiero
Niccolò Piccinino
Jacopo Piccinino
Duchy of Milan
Papal States
Aragonese
Kings of Naples
Cerreto Umbra
Francesco Sforza
Assisi
Pergola
Battle of Anghiari
Montolmo
Micheletto Attendolo
Cremona
Scaramuccia da Forlì
Venetian government
Luigi dal Verme
Filippo Maria Visconti
Casalmaggiore
Monte Brianza
Republic of Milan
edema
Braccio da Montone
Condottieri
Wars in Lombardy

categories: 1400s births,People from Perugia,1449 deaths,Condottieri

paragraph: Francesco Piccinino

paragraph: Francesco Piccinino (c. 1407 – 16 October 1449) was an Italian condottiero.

paragraph: He was the adoptive son of the condottiero Niccolò Piccinino and the brother of Jacopo Piccinino. At Niccolò's death (1444), he had been already established as a gallant warrior under the Duchy of Milan and the Papal States (1431). In 1436 he was serving the Aragonese Kings of Naples, taking part in the 1437 siege of Cerreto Umbra against Francesco Sforza but, after some successes, he left to besiege Assisi and then Pergola.

paragraph: In 1440 he was in the Battle of Anghiari, where Niccolò was badly defeated, and on 19 August 1444 he was again defeated by the Sforza's forces at Montolmo and taken prisoner, while Jacopo was able to escape.

paragraph: In 1446 Piccinino fought against Micheletto Attendolo near Cremona; Scaramuccia da Forlì, sent by the Venetian government, freeing Cremona by the troops of Piccinino and Luigi dal Verme, paid by Filippo Maria Visconti. On 28 September the same year Piccinino suffered first a defeat at Casalmaggiore and, in 1447, a more serious one at Monte Brianza.

paragraph: Despite this setbacks, he managed to gain a contract under the newly formed Republic of Milan, together with Jacopo, in order to thwart Sforza's aims to the city. He however fell ill of edema and died in 1449. Six years before he had married Camilla da Montone, daughter of the condottiero Braccio da Montone.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Condottieri

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wars in Lombardy

description: Italian condottiero

wikidata_label: Francesco Piccinino

wikipedia_title: Francesco Piccinino


text: lumber

text: railroad baron

text: Ontario

text: Canada Atlantic Railway

text: Georgian Bay

text: Ottawa

text: Vermont

text: lumber

text: grain

text: United States

text: Europe

text: Waterloo

text: Shefford County

text: Eastern Townships

text: Quebec

text: Irish

text: Taylor

text: Freeman of Dublin

text: carpenter

text: Central Vermont Railroad

text: Ottawa River

text: Andrew Leamy

text: Alonzo Wright

text: Parliament buildings

text: Ottawa

text: Queen Victoria

text: longshoremen

text: Montreal

text: driving

text: Amable du Fond River

text: Lake Nosbonsing

text: Depot Creek

text: Lake Nipissing

text: watershed

text: Nosbonsing & Nipissing Railway

text: Mattawa

text: Legislative Assembly of Ontario

text: John Egan

text: Madawaska River

text: Algonquin Park

text: Ontario

text: tugboat

text: log boom

text: band saw

text: board feet

text: price leader

text: William Cameron Edwards

text: White pine

text: Cunard Line

text: Lusitania

text: Mauretania

text: pulp and paper

text: softwood

text: Rouses Point, New York

text: planing mill

text: Burlington, Vermont

text: Boston

text: lumber yard

text: railyard

text: Bronson Avenue

text: Carling Avenue

text: The Glebe

text: token

text: feet

text: Wellington

text: Preston Street

text: generating station

text: penstock

text: turbine

text: water level

text: log rafting

text: Canada Atlantic Railway

text: Coteau Landing

text: St. Lawrence River

text: Valleyfield, Quebec

text: barge

text: Swanton, Vermont

text: Lake Champlain

text: Delaware and Hudson Railway

text: Rutland Railroad

text: Central Vermont Railway

text: Renfrew

text: Parry Sound Colonization Railway

text: Ottawa, Arnprior and Parry Sound Railway

text: Georgian Bay

text: Algonquin Park

text: Parry Sound

text: Parry Island

text: Depot Harbour

text: Great Lakes

text: Collingwood

text: Midland

text: Owen Sound

text: Atlantic

text: Grand Trunk Railway

text: Duluth

text: Milwaukee

text: Great Lakes

text: Grand Trunk Railway

text: Vermont

text: Central Vermont Railway

text: Canadian National Railways

text: Max Aitken

text: Lafarge

text: Cobalt silver rush

text: M.J. O'Brien

text: Murray Mine

text: International Nickel

text: Frederick Stark Pearson

text: William Mackenzie

text: Donald Mann

text: Judicial Committee of the Privy Council

text: British Commonwealth

text: George Weston Limited

text: E. B. Eddy Company

text: Algonquin Provincial Park

text: crown land

text: geographic township

text: Quebec

text: Kipawa

text: unorganized territory

text: Les Lacs-du-Témiscamingue

text: Ontario

text: Nipigon

text: Thunder Bay District

text: Saranac Lake, New York

text: cure

text: skiing

text: really old-school wealthy families

text: the booze business, which was illegal

text: Michael Grattan O'Leary

text: Ottawa Journal

text: William Lyon Mackenzie King

text: Mitchell Hepburn

text: Legislative Assembly of Ontario

text: Count Erik of Rosenborg

text: Count Erik of Rosenborg

text: Booth House

text: Fleck/Paterson House

categories: People from Montérégie,History of Gatineau,Pre-Confederation Quebec people,1827 births,Canadian railway executives,People from Saranac Lake, New York,Canadian people of Ulster-Scottish descent,Businesspeople in timber,Pre-Confederation Canadian businesspeople,Anglophone Quebec people,1925 deaths

paragraph: John Rudolphus Booth

paragraph: John Rudolphus Booth (April 5, 1827 – December 8, 1925) was a Canadian lumber tycoon and railroad baron. He controlled logging rights for large tracts of forest land in central Ontario, and built the Canada Atlantic Railway (from Georgian Bay via Ottawa to Vermont) to extract his logs and to export lumber and grain to the United States and Europe. In 1892, his lumber complex was the largest operation of its kind in the world.

paragraph: He was familiar with all aspects of his industry, and one observer noted:

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: J. R. Booth was born on a farm at Lowes near Waterloo (Shefford County) in the Eastern Townships of Quebec. His parents, John and Eleanor Booth ("née" Rowley) were Irish immigrants, had a number of children (variously reported as 5, 6 and 8); his paternal grandparents were John Booth and Elizabeth Hill; his patrilineal grandfather, Robert Booth who married Eleanor Taylor, was the son of Peter Booth, whose father, James Booth, a Freeman of Dublin, was 4th son of the Revd Humphrey Booth and Letitia Jones.

paragraph: John Booth left the family farm at the age of 21 and got a job as a carpenter with the Central Vermont Railroad.

paragraph: In 1852, he married Rosalinda Cooke and moved to the Ottawa River valley. He was involved in the construction of a paper mill in Sherbrooke, and a sawmill in Hull. Upon completion of the latter, its owner, Andrew Leamy hired him to manage the mill for a year. He then ventured out on his own, opening a shingle mill in Hull in a mill that he rented from Alonzo Wright, but within months it was destroyed by fire. He established his own lumber company and won the contract to supply wood for the Parliament buildings at the new Canadian capital of Ottawa, selected by Queen Victoria in 1858. In winning the contract, he underbid more established firms by hiring unemployed longshoremen from Montreal.

paragraph: Section::::Building a lumber and railway empire.:Lumber.

paragraph: Booth harvested timber from the upper Ottawa River and its tributaries, driving them down the river to his mills, and is known to have started logging in the Amable du Fond River and Lake Nosbonsing area in the late 1860s, arriving at Depot Creek in 1870. Booth expanded his timber limits into the Lake Nipissing watershed in 1881. In order to reach his Ottawa mills, Booth constructed the Nosbonsing & Nipissing Railway (length ) in 1884 to carry sawlogs over the portage from Lake Nipissing to the headwaters of the Mattawa. It was subsequently incorporated as a separate company by Act of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1886.

paragraph: Booth's vision and boldness were qualities that made him a success. In 1867, he purchased, for $40,000, the timber rights of John Egan's of pine on the Madawaska River in what is now Algonquin Park. Five years later, he refused an offer of more than $1 million to sell those rights.

paragraph: During the latter half of the 19th Century, he amassed timber rights approaching in Central and Northern Ontario which he would harvest for his mills. He often went to his Algonquin timber limits in his own private railway car, working beside his men during the day and on business affairs most of the night, seldom sleeping for more than a few hours. He was always on the lookout for opportunities to reduce costs, and in 1894 he began investing in tugboats in order to accelerate the delivery of log booms to the Chaudière mill.

paragraph: In 1891, Booth installed 13 band saws at his Ottawa mill, which was said to be more than anywhere else in the world. The next year, that mill produced 140 million board feet (about ) of lumber. It required the supply of 2 million logs annually in order to run at capacity, and some of his timber limits were so remote that it took up to two years for logs to reach the mill. Booth was so dominant in the industry that he assumed the role of price leader, where all competitors met the prices he set for his product. His leading status would continue until 1919, when William Cameron Edwards and others would achieve greater outputs.

paragraph: Half of the mills' output was shipped to England; the rest to the United States and throughout Canada. White pine from Booth's lumber yards was used to build the decks on the ocean liners of the Cunard Line, including the "Lusitania" and "Mauretania". In 1905, he constructed a new plant and entered the pulp and paper business, thus being able to use softwood that he had been previously forced to sell. He expanded into the United States through the establishment of docks and a distribution centre at Rouses Point, New York, a planing mill and box factory at Burlington, Vermont, and a sales office in Boston.

paragraph: The mills' output was so large that its Fraserfield lumber yard and railyard, acquired in 1870, extended along Bronson Avenue as far south as Carling Avenue, backing onto The Glebe.

paragraph: The Chaudière Island mills were so extensive that Booth issued tokens for use there, which were in circulation from 1893 until the 1940s.

paragraph: Fire was a constant threat to his mills, and they burnt down in 1893, 1886, 1900 and 1903. In 1900 alone, 100 million feet of lumber was lost to fire, and Booth also lost his home located at Wellington and Preston Street. The extent of the fire led to a controversial proposal to restrict the amount of lumber being held in the yards, but intensive lobbying by Booth and other lumbermen effectively killed that measure as well as a later one in 1903. Much of Booth's personal and business records were lost in these fires. It was also of concern within the timber limits as well, and Booth once said, "If fires are kept out of the forests, there will be more pine in this country 100 years from now than there was fifty years ago, and we shall have lots of timber for the generation to come."

paragraph: Booth established a hydroelectric generating station at Chaudière Falls in 1909 in order to power his sawmill and planing mill, after fifty years of using penstocks distributed around his property to directly feed the water turbines that powered his machinery. The construction of the station resulted in the water level of the Ottawa River being raised by , which meant the end of log rafting there.

paragraph: Section::::Building a lumber and railway empire.:Railways.:Formation of Canada Atlantic.

paragraph: Booth's sawmill operations could never run at full capacity because the output could not be carried out of the lumber yards fast enough. Because of these transportation problems in the Ottawa area, Booth became an important participant in the development of Canada's railway system when he purchased the Montreal and City of Ottawa Junction Railway (M&OJ) and the Coteau and Province Line Railway and Bridge Company (C&PL) in 1879, amalgamating them to form the Canada Atlantic Railway. The M&OJ had received a charter to build southeast from Ottawa to Coteau Landing on the north bank of the St. Lawrence River. The C&PL had received a charter to build a bridge across the St. Lawrence River to Valleyfield, Quebec and then operate a railway across southwestern Quebec to the United States border. Due to financial difficulties, neither line had been completed, and Booth worked to complete the entire route by 1882. The Coteau bridge was completed in 1890, thus eliminating the necessity of transshipping cargo by barge. The CAR formed a subsidiary, the Vermont and Province Line Railroad, which would build a line to Swanton, Vermont on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain in 1897, thus connecting Ottawa to the United States via the Delaware and Hudson Railway, the Rutland Railroad, and the Central Vermont Railway.

paragraph: Section::::Building a lumber and railway empire.:Railways.:Expansion to Georgian Bay.

paragraph: In 1888, Booth chartered the Ottawa, Arnprior and Renfrew Railway to build a line from Ottawa to Renfrew, as well as the Ottawa and Parry Sound Railway to do the same from Parry Sound to Renfrew. In 1891, the two lines (together with the Parry Sound Colonization Railway in 1893) were amalgamated into the Ottawa, Arnprior and Parry Sound Railway (OA&PS), which ran from Georgian Bay through southern Algonquin Park to Ottawa.

paragraph: When the PSCR was taken over by Booth, the original intention was to have its terminus at Parry Sound. However, the high prices demanded by local landowners prompted him to choose a location on nearby Parry Island, which would become Depot Harbour. When completed, Depot Harbour became one of the most prominent ports on the Great Lakes, rivalling Collingwood, Midland and Owen Sound. It was the shortest route for shipping grain to the Atlantic, with trains arriving and departing every twenty minutes.

paragraph: All three lines met "end to end". The M&OJ met the OA&PS on Booth's sawmill property in Ottawa while the C&PL met the M&OJ in Coteau, using several hundred feet of trackage rights of the Grand Trunk Railway (GTR). In 1899, the OA&PS amalgamated with the CAR. As a result, Booth ruled the largest railway empire built in North America by any one man.

paragraph: It was said that the first phase of the CAR's construction was undertaken without any government assistance, which was unusual at the time. Booth himself was concerned with building the railways as well as marketing the service to build and maintain tonnage on the new lines. He was open to cooperation with other railways in eastern and western Canada, as well as to sale or amalgamation with a larger railway system, and was contemplating such a sale by 1901. Whether it was because Booth at age 74 was tired, or because he realized that competition from other transcontinental lines would soon cause serious problems for the CAR, he did everything possible in the early years of the 20th century to make every aspect of the railway profitable, and therefore attractive to potential buyers.

paragraph: Booth also operated grain elevators at Depot Harbour, Coteau, Duluth and Milwaukee, and steamships on the Great Lakes, and formed the Canada Atlantic Transit Company, which operated five large lake freighters on the Upper Great Lakes.

paragraph: Section::::Building a lumber and railway empire.:Railways.:Sale to Grand Trunk.

paragraph: Prompted by the federal government, the Grand Trunk Railway began negotiating with Booth to acquire the Canada Atlantic as part of the Grand Trunk's efforts to expand into northern Ontario and eventually into Western Canada. In August 1904 the GTR agreed to purchase the Canada Atlantic system, including the Great Lakes steamship fleet and the line in Vermont which connected with its Central Vermont Railway subsidiary. The agreed-upon price for the entire system as well as the Depot Harbour and Ottawa terminals was $16,000,000. The Grand Trunk took over all operations of the CAR on 1 October 1905, but the actual purchase was ratified by Parliament only in 1914. Booth was subsequently one of the GTR's directors until its nationalization as part of the Canadian National Railways in 1923.

paragraph: Section::::Building a lumber and railway empire.:Other interests.

paragraph: Booth was a significant investor in the Canada Cement Company formed by Max Aitken, which is now part of Lafarge. He was also a director of Foster-Cobalt Mining which took part in the Cobalt silver rush, whose origin took place on one of Booth's timber limits.

paragraph: Together with M.J. O'Brien, he also invested in The Dominion Nickel-Copper Company (owner of the Murray Mine) in order to create a potential competitor to International Nickel. It was subsequently sold to Frederick Stark Pearson, William Mackenzie and Donald Mann and became the British America Nickel Corporation, in which Booth was a director. In 1921, Booth was induced to vote in favour of a bondholders' reorganization scheme through the promised issue of $2,000,000 of British American stock. The reorganization was later held by the Ontario courts as not binding on the minority bondholders, and the ruling was upheld by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in a decision that has influenced corporate jurisprudence throughout the British Commonwealth. After Inco drove British American into bankruptcy in 1924 by aggressively cutting the price of nickel, it later acquired British American's assets.

paragraph: Section::::Building a lumber and railway empire.:Later years.

paragraph: J. R. Booth continued to run his business empire well into his nineties. Only in 1921 did he convert it from a sole proprietorship into a corporation (known as J.R. Booth Limited). He died in 1925 at the age of 98 after being ill for several months and was survived by his sons Jackson, John Frederick, daughter Helen Gertrude Fleck and several grandchildren and great grandchildren.

paragraph: In 1943, J.R. Booth Limited, with the exception of its lumber division, was sold to George Weston Limited to become part of the E. B. Eddy Company. The lumber mill was later sold to E. B. Eddy in 1946.

paragraph: Section::::Other influences.

paragraph: Booth's impact was significant on Ottawa:

paragraph: In Algonquin Provincial Park, Booth Lake is named after him. However, most other traces of Booth's interests in the Park (including a summer retreat at the Barclay Estate on Rock Lake) were razed by the Province of Ontario as their leases on crown land ran out.

paragraph: Two geographic townships have been named after him. In Quebec, Booth Township was surveyed and established in 1908. It is located east of Kipawa, and is part of the unorganized territory of Les Lacs-du-Témiscamingue in the Témiscamingue Regional County Municipality. In Ontario, Booth Township was surveyed and established in 1962. It is located immediately north of Nipigon in Thunder Bay District.

paragraph: In 1892, Booth rented a cottage at Saranac Lake, New York, where his daughter would cure for several years. Booth brought a pair of skis with him, thus introducing the sport of skiing to the area.

paragraph: One of Booth's descendants noted in 2016 that the manner in which his predecessor had gathered his wealth was exceptional in comparison to "really old-school wealthy families" in Canada, "as most of them came from the booze business, which was illegal. So they didn’t pay taxes; it was all cash. So what J.R. did was that much more impressive."

paragraph: Section::::Death, descendants and legacy.

paragraph: Booth died in December 1925. On his passing, Michael Grattan O'Leary of the "Ottawa Journal" noted that what people should remember about him was that he was:

paragraph: Also at that time, William Lyon Mackenzie King observed:

paragraph: Booth's fortune was a subject of much speculative commentary during the latter years of his life, with estimates ranging up to $100 million. At his death his estate was officially valued at almost $7.7 million; the property was later re-evaluated upwards to $23 million. Although succession duties of $4.28 million were paid in 1927, in 1937 Ontario Premier Mitchell Hepburn subsequently claimed more and had the Legislative Assembly of Ontario pass the necessary legislation to overcome the legal obstacles. J.R's heirs eventually paid another $3 million in 1939.

paragraph: His son John Frederick Booth, who lived in Canada, married and had a daughter Lois Frances Booth (born Ottawa, Ontario, 2 August 1897; died Copenhagen, 26 February 1941), who was married in Ottawa, Ontario, on 11 February 1924 to Count Erik of Rosenborg, whom she divorced in 1937; they had two children. At the time of the marriage, it was rumoured that Booth contributed half of her $4-million dowry. J.R. issued a formal denial. She later remarried Thorkild Juelsberg, without issue.

paragraph: Section::::Death, descendants and legacy.:Siblings and descendants.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Booth (18021877), m. (1st) Eleanor Rowley (18041834) (2nd) Lydia Bickford (18081861) (3rd) Suzannah Bickford (18141888)

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Rowley Booth (18251906)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Rudolphus Booth (18271925), m. Rosalinda Cooke (18291886)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frances Gertrude Booth (18541856)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Helen Gertrude Booth (~18551940), m. Andrew Walker Fleck (18481924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lila Booth (18581918), m. J. Arthur Seybold (18591928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Augusta Adella Booth (18601866)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Jackson Booth (18631947), m. Jessie Louise Gibson (18761939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Frederick Booth (d. in infancy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Rowley Booth (19151960), m. Marjorie Annette McKinnon(19202003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Rowley Booth (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Jackson Booth

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Frederick Booth (18651930), m. Frances Alberta Hunsiker (18661964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Rudolphus Booth (18951941), m. (1st) Ida Evelyn Woods (1900) (2nd) Elizabeth Jane Smith (1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pamela Evelyn Booth (1923-)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frederick Hunsiker Booth (18951941), m. (1st) Louise Taylor (1898) (2nd) Cornelia Ann Vanderhoef (19111995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Ann Booth (1934-)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lois Frances Booth (18971941), m. (1st) Count Erik of Rosenborg (18901950) (2nd) Gunnar Thorkil Juelsberg (19041966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexandra Dagmar Frances Marie Margrethe, Countess of Rosenborg (19271992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christian Edward Valdemar Jean Frederik Peter, Count of Rosenborg (19321997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frank Booth (18671869)

paragraph: BULLET::::- May Belle Booth (18761899)

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Booth (18291913)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eliza Booth (1831)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Rowley Booth (18321899)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Elijah Booth (18351915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleanor Booth (18391842)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charlotte Booth (18411912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lucinda Booth (18421933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samuel Armstrong Booth (18441920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isaiah (Isaac) Booth (18451928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward J. Booth (18461849)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Judson Booth (18521943)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Booth House

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fleck/Paterson House

description: Canadian businessman

wikidata_label: John Rudolphus Booth

wikipedia_title: John Rudolphus Booth


text:
samurai
daimyō
Sengoku
Edo period
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Four Heavenly Kings
Ii Naomasa
Sakakibara Yasumasa
Sakai Tadatsugu
Mikawa Province
Japan
Azuchi–Momoyama
Edo period
daimyō
Ōtaki
han
koku
Kuwana
Honda Tadatomo
Tadamasa
Komatsuhime
Sanada Nobuyuki
Sanada Nobumasa
Matsushiro Domain
Tadatoki
Senhime
Tokugawa shogunate
Oda Nobunaga
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Tachibana Muneshige
Takeda Shingen
Ii Naomasa
Battle of Anegawa
Azai
Asakura
Oda Nobunaga
Battle of Mikatagahara
Naitō Masatoyo
Battle of Nagashino
Takeda Katsuyori
Shōnai River
Battle of Kuisegawa
Nakamura Kazuhide
Arima Toyouji
Shima Sakon
Akashi Teruzumi
Battle of Sekigahara
Ishida Mitsunari
Tonbo-Giri
Three Great Spears of Japan
Masamune
national treasure
Sengoku Basara
Samurai Warriors
Warriors Orochi
Trident
Tonbokiri

categories: Daimyo,Honda clan,Samurai,Fudai daimyo,1610 deaths,People of Azuchi–Momoyama-period Japan,1548 births,Bushido,People of Edo-period Japan,People of Muromachi-period Japan

paragraph: Honda Tadakatsu

paragraph: , also called Honda Heihachirō (本多 平八郎) was a Japanese samurai, general (and later a "daimyō") of the late Sengoku through early Edo periods, who served Tokugawa Ieyasu. Honda Tadakatsu was one of the Tokugawa Four Heavenly Kings along with Ii Naomasa, Sakakibara Yasumasa and Sakai Tadatsugu.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: A native of Mikawa Province in Japan, he lived during the Azuchi–Momoyama and Edo periods. Ieyasu promoted him from "daimyō"/lord of the Ōtaki "han"/domain ( "koku") to the Kuwana han ( "koku") as a reward for his service. In addition, his son Honda Tadatomo became daimyo of Ōtaki. In 1609, he retired, and his other son Tadamasa took over Kuwana. Tadakatsu's daughter, Komatsuhime was Sanada Nobuyuki's lawful wife and mother of Sanada Nobumasa, daimyō of Matsushiro Domain. His grandson, Tadatoki, married the granddaughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu, Senhime. Despite his years of loyal service, Tadakatsu became increasingly estranged from the Tokugawa shogunate (bakufu) as it evolved from a military to a civilian political institution. This was a fate shared by many other warriors of the time, who were not able to make the conversion from the chaotic lifetime of warfare of the Sengoku period to the more stable peace of the Tokugawa shogunate.

paragraph: Such was Honda's reputation that he attracted notice from the most influential figures in Japan at the time. Oda Nobunaga, who was notoriously disinclined to praise his followers called him a "samurai among samurai". Moreover, Toyotomi Hideyoshi noted that the best samurai were "Honda Tadakatsu in the east and Tachibana Muneshige in the west". Even Takeda Shingen praised Honda, saying that "[h]e is a luxury of Tokugawa Ieyasu". It was widely acknowledged that he was a reputed samurai and a loyal retainer of Tokugawa Ieyasu.

paragraph: Tadakatsu is often referred to as "The Warrior who surpassed Death itself" because he never once suffered a significant wound, despite being the veteran of over 100 battles by the end of his life, and because he was never defeated by another samurai. In theater and other contemporary works, Tadakatsu is often characterized as polar opposite of Ieyasu's other great general, Ii Naomasa. While both were fierce warriors of the Tokugawa, Tadakatsu's ability to elude injury is often contrasted with the common depiction of Naomasa enduring many battle wounds, but fighting through them.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Honda Tadakatsu is generally regarded as one of Tokugawa Ieyasu's finest generals, and he fought in almost all of his master's major battles. He gained distinction at the Battle of Anegawa (1570), helping in the defeat of the armies under the Azai and Asakura clans along with Tokugawa's ally, Oda Nobunaga. Tadakatsu also served at Tokugawa's greatest defeat, the Battle of Mikatagahara (1572), where he commanded the left wing of his master's army, facing off against troops under one of the Takeda clan's more notable generals, Naitō Masatoyo. Although that battle ended in defeat, Honda Tadakatsu was one of those Tokugawa generals present to exact vengeance upon the Takeda at the Battle of Nagashino (1575). Honda commanded a rank of musketeers as the combined Oda-Tokugawa forces annihilated Takeda Katsuyori's army, partly thanks to the skillful use of ranked muskets, as they fired in cycling volleys. One would fire while another was reloading and another was cleaning the barrel of the musket. This enabled the muskets to fire without stopping, effectively destroying the Takeda army.

paragraph: His finest moment came in the Komaki Campaign (1584). Left at Komaki while Ieyasu departed to engage Toyotomi troops at Nagakute, Tadakatsu observed a huge host under Hideyoshi himself move out in pursuit. With a handful of men, Tadakatsu rode out and challenged the Toyotomi army from the opposite bank of the Shōnai River. Toyotomi Hideyoshi (who outnumbered Honda by up to 50 or 60 to 1) was said to have been struck by the bravery of this warrior, and ordered that no harm come to him, his men, or Ishikawa Yasumichi, who accompanied him on this bid to buy time for Ieyasu.

paragraph: Tadakatsu had a major role in the 1600 Battle of Kuisegawa, where he successfully rescued the Tokugawa officers Nakamura Kazuhide and Arima Toyouji, who were ambushed by the Western Army officers Shima Sakon and Akashi Teruzumi

paragraph: Honda Tadakatsu was present at the Battle of Sekigahara (1600), where Tokugawa Ieyasu's forces defeated the western alliance of daimyo under Ishida Mitsunari, allowing Tokugawa to assume control of the country, bringing the Sengoku era to a close.

paragraph: Tadakatsu seems to have been a colorful figure, around whom a few legends have sprung up - it is often said that of all the battles in which he served, he never once received a wound. His helmet, famously adorned with deer antlers, ensured that he was always a recognizable figure on the field of battle. His horse was known as "Mikuniguro". His spear was named "Tonbo-Giri", or Dragonfly Cutter, because legend held that the tip of the spear was so sharp that a dragonfly that landed on it was cut in two. His fighting prowess with it was so great that it became known as one of the "Three Great Spears of Japan". Aside from this incredible spear, Tadakatsu also used the katana Nakatsukasa Masamune (中務正宗), a 67 cm blade, another national treasure of Japan.

paragraph: Section::::Popular culture.

paragraph: In Sengoku Basara games and anime, he was described to be a robot, with no voice and armed with a drill spear.

paragraph: In Samurai Warriors and Warriors Orochi game series, he was one of the strongest playable characters; his main weapon is based on a Trident or Tonbokiri.

description: daimyo

wikidata_label: Honda Tadakatsu

wikipedia_title: Honda Tadakatsu