text: American

text: folklorist

text: historian

text: diplomat

text: conservationist

text: New York City

text: Pennsylvania

text: Philadelphia

text: Lock Haven, Pennsylvania

text: Columbia University

text: McElhattan, Pennsylvania

text: folklore

text: Roosevelt

text: Progressivism

text: Wall Street

text: Reading

text: Altoona

text: Jersey Shore, Pennsylvania

text: Pennsylvania Mountain Stories

text: Progressive movement

text: Gifford Pinchot

text: U.S. Senator

text: Governor

text: Herbert Hoover

text: US minister to Bulgaria

text: Nittany Mountain

text: Centre County

text: Pennsylvania State University

text: Pennsylvania Folklore Society

text: monograph

text: Altoona Tribune

text: World War II

text: State Archives of Pennsylvania

text: Juniata College

text: Bronner, Simon J.

text: Journal of American Folklore

text: Biographical sketch

categories: People from Clinton County, Pennsylvania,20th-century American historians,American folklorists,Ambassadors of the United States to Bulgaria,Folklore of the Southern United States,American folklore,1880 births,1958 deaths

paragraph: Henry W. Shoemaker

paragraph: Henry Wharton Shoemaker (February 24, 1880 – July 14, 1958) was a prominent American folklorist, historian, diplomat, writer, publisher, and conservationist.

paragraph: Section::::Early life, family, and career.

paragraph: Shoemaker was born in New York City, but was closely associated with Pennsylvania, where he spent summers in childhood and took up residence later in life. His father, Henry Francis Shoemaker (1845–1918), was a railroad magnate, investment banker, and close confidante of future Senator and Vice Presidential candidate Charles W. Fairbanks. His mother, Blanche Quiggle, was the sole daughter of railroad magnate and diplomat Col. James W. Quiggle of Philadelphia and Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. He attended the E. D. Lyons Classical School and Columbia University. He then served in the military and attained the rank of Colonel. Attracted to foreign service, he worked in European embassies before returning home to enter a brokerage venture with his brother William. His brother died in an elevator accident, and Henry closed the brokerage.

paragraph: Section::::Preservationist, Progressive, and pressman.

paragraph: Shoemaker summered in McElhattan, Pennsylvania, at an estate called Restless Oaks owned by his mother's family, and wrote that this experience deeply influenced his lifelong devotion to folklore and legend, hunting heritage, and historical and environmental preservation. Familiar with the Roosevelt family in New York, he was a supporter of Theodore Roosevelt's calls for the values of strenuosity, conservation, and Progressivism. Shoemaker, for example, founded the Alpine Club in Pennsylvania to encourage mountain climbing and hiking, and wrote one of the first tourist guides to the natural wonders of Pennsylvania in "Eldorado Found" (1917).

paragraph: After his brief stint on Wall Street, Shoemaker turned to publishing, running newspapers in Reading, Altoona, and Jersey Shore, Pennsylvania. He was also an active writer, which he had begun in student publications at Columbia. He gained notice as a journalist after 1898, when he reported legends from Pennsylvania mountain residents and workers in lumber and hunting camps and coalfields, which he first published in central Pennsylvania newspapers and then more widely in the book "Pennsylvania Mountain Stories" (1908). This was the first of twelve volumes in the Pennsylvania Folklore Series (1908–1924) that promoted the culture and landscape of central Pennsylvania.

paragraph: From his maternal home in McElhattan which he inherited, Shoemaker devoted much of his energy to environmental conservation and considered folklore associated with the endangered landscape deserving of preservation along with the state's forests and wildlife. In this campaign associated with the Progressive movement, he became involved as a campaign writer for Gifford Pinchot's runs for U.S. Senator (1914, 1926) and Governor (1923, 1931). Pinchot appointed Shoemaker as chair of the Pennsylvania Historical Commission (1923–1930) and various state boards for environmental and historical preservation. Serving as campaign manager for Herbert Hoover's presidential campaign in Pennsylvania in 1929, Shoemaker was later appointed by Hoover to be US minister to Bulgaria (1930–1933).

paragraph: Section::::Folklore and conservation work.

paragraph: Praised for drawing attention in his creative writing to the traditions of the Pennsylvania "mountaineers", Shoemaker nonetheless drew criticism for his alteration and occasional fabrication of legends. His goal, he announced, was to show the legacy of legends for landscape features such as trees, animals, caves and caverns, rivers, and mountains; by making people realizing the spiritual narratives associated with the environment he hoped to make them more respectful and conservation-minded. An example is his publication of the legend of Princess Nit-a-Nee, supposedly connected to the Nittany Mountains in Centre County; the legend has been perpetuated in many tourist brochures for sites to the present day such as Penn's Cavern and the Pennsylvania State University.

paragraph: Shoemaker's humanistic interests in his creative writing also showed in his campaign to have artists use local folklore as a resource for literature, poetry, art, and music. A prolific writer, he produced more than 100 books and pamphlets and hundreds of articles. In addition to his books of legends such as "Susquehanna Legends, In the Seven Mountains, Penn's Grandest Cavern, Tales of the Bald Eagle Mountains, Allegheny Episodes, Juniata Memories, North Mountain Mementos, South Mountain Sketches, Black Forest Souvenirs", for which he is best known, he published more ethnographic field collections of songs and ballads ("Mountain Minstrelsy of Pennsylvania", 1931), folk speech ("Scotch-Irish and English Proverbs and Sayings of the West Branch Valley of Central Pennsylvania", 1927), and crafts ("Early Potters of Clinton County", 1916). He also wrote some of the earliest accounts of hunting and animal lore, such as "Pennsylvania Deer and Their Horns" (1915), "Pennsylvania Lion or Panther" (1914), "Wolf Days in Pennsylvania" (1914), and "Stories of Great Pennsylvania Hunters" (1913).

paragraph: Section::::First state folklorist.

paragraph: In 1924, he cofounded the Pennsylvania Folklore Society with Bishop J.H. Darlington, and he was its president from 1930 until 1957. From 1924 to 1932, he published a series of monographs for the society. While he was minister to Bulgaria from 1930 to 1933, he took notice of Bulgaria's official efforts to preserve its folklore that he thought could be applied to the United States.

paragraph: Upon his return to the United States, he began a daily column for the Altoona Tribune, which he had purchased in 1912, in which he covered regional folklore and history and called for cultural conservation efforts. He had an opportunity to develop his plans when he was appointed state archivist of Pennsylvania from 1937 to 1948 and director of the State Museum in Harrisburg from 1939 to 1940. In the posts, he called for the state to sponsor collection and preservation of folklore in addition to keeping the state's documentary record.

paragraph: After the archives, museum, and historical commission merged to form the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission following World War II, he oversaw the creation of the Division of Folklore in the commission in 1948 and took the position of the nation's first state folklorist. Over forty states now have comparable positions. In the post, Shoemaker sponsored publications, meetings, festivals, and exhibits, although he entered into bitter disputes with academic folklorists in Pennsylvania over his popularized presentations of folklore.

paragraph: Shoemaker left the post in 1956, retiring to Restless Oaks. Shoemaker died shortly thereafter near his McElhattan home in 1958. Many of his papers are located in repositories at the Pennsylvania State University, State Archives of Pennsylvania, and Juniata College (where a Shoemaker Gallery is named after him).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bronner, Simon J. "Popularizing Pennsylvania: Henry W. Shoemaker and the Progressive Uses of Folklore and History". University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hoffmann, Frank A. "Henry W. Shoemaker, 1882-1958." "Journal of American Folklore" 72 (1959): 345-46.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scan of Shoemaker's "The Record of a Happy Outing"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographical sketch

description: American diplomat

wikidata_label: Henry W. Shoemaker

wikipedia_title: Henry W. Shoemaker


text:
Berlin
bass
Giovanni Gentiluomo
Vienna
opera
Opava
Austrian Silesia
Lübeck
Halle
Magdeburg
Cologne
opera
Bremen
Weimar
Breslau
Braunschweig
Dresden
professor
World War II
Carl Seffner
Nathan der Weise
Richard III
Shylock
Iago
Tartuffe
Mephistopheles

categories: German Jews,19th-century German male actors,People from the Province of Brandenburg,1823 births,German male stage actors,Male actors from Berlin,1898 deaths

paragraph: Theodor Julius Jaffé

paragraph: Theodor Julius Jaffé (August 17, 1823 – April 11, 1898) was a German actor.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Julius Jaffé was born in Berlin, the child of a Jewish merchant who wanted his son to become a lawyer. However, since he had a fine bass, he decided to become a singer and studied with Kugler and Joseph Elssler in Berlin, then with Giovanni Gentiluomo in Vienna. In 1844 he appeared as an opera-singer in Opava, Austrian Silesia, and then in Lübeck, Halle, Magdeburg, and Cologne. In 1847 he abandoned opera and became an actor. He filled engagements in Bremen (1847–49), Weimar (1849–53), Breslau (1853–56), and in Braunschweig. In 1864 he went to Dresden as successor to Dawison, and was the leading actor of the royal theater there for thirty years. In 1894 he retired with the honorary degree of professor. He took every opportunity to visit the leading German theaters of Europe. He died in Dresden.

paragraph: The image shown is from his grave, salvaged after damage from World War II bombing. This grave plaque was sculpted by Carl Seffner.

paragraph: Section::::Performances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nathan der Weise, Richard III, Shylock, Iago, Franz Moor, Philipp II., Carlos, Tartuffe, Mephistopheles, etc.

description: German stage opera singer and actor

wikidata_label: Theodor Julius Jaffé

wikipedia_title: Theodor Julius Jaffé


text: lawyer

text: jurist

text: Virginia

text: George Wythe

text: William Wirt

text: Edmund Randolph

text: Richmond Junto

text: Thomas Ritchie

categories: 1773 births,Virginia Attorneys General,1849 deaths,Politicians from Williamsburg, Virginia

paragraph: Philip N. Nicholas

paragraph: Philip N. Nicholas (1773 – August 18, 1849) was a nineteenth-century lawyer and American jurist from Virginia.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Educated in the law at the College of William and Mary, Nicholas was appointed by the General Assembly as Attorney General in 1794 before his twenty-first birthday.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1806, while Philip N. Nicholas served as Virginia’s Attorney General, he prosecuted George Wythe Sweeney on the charge of murdering by arsenic poisoning his great uncle George Wythe, the prominent Virginia lawyer and leader in the American Revolution, as well as Wythe's boy servant, Michael. William Wirt and Edmund Randolph defended Sweeney, obtaining an acquittal on the murder charge, but the jury found Sweeney guilty of forging George Wythe’s checks on the Bank of Virginia. The acquittal was based on Virginia law that the testimony of African-Americans that Nicholas had relied upon, could not be used against white men.

paragraph: Nicholas' career in Richmond included serving as the President of Farmer’s Bank.

paragraph: In 1823, Philip N. Nicholas was appointed judge to the Virginia General Court, where he served until his death.

paragraph: From 1809 to 1833, Nicholas served as a Republican Elector in the Electoral College over six presidential elections. He was a member of the ruling Richmond Junto orchestrated by Thomas Ritchie, editor of the "Richmond Enquirer".

paragraph: At the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829-1830, Nicholas served as a delegate representing Richmond city from a state senate district including Williamsburg, Charles City, Elizabeth City, James City, Henrico, New Kent, Warwick and York Counties, and the City of Richmond. He served on the Conventions Committee on the Executive Department.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Philip N. Nicholas died in Richmond, Virginia, on August 18, 1849.

wikidata_label: Philip N. Nicholas

wikipedia_title: Philip N. Nicholas


text:
Darmstädter Ferienkurse
Decree on Peace
Wolf Biermann
Heinrich Böll
Jena
Darmstädter Ferienkurse
Alexander Jemnitz
Luigi Nono
Hermann Scherchen
Karlheinz Stockhausen
Quedlinburg
Abitur
Humboldt University of Berlin
Ernst Hermann Meyer
Georg Knepler
Rudolf Wagner-Régeny
Deutsche Hochschule für Musik
répétiteur
Decree on Peace
Idiophone
GDR
Wolf Biermann
The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum
Theater Bielefeld
Duderstadt
Bertolt Brecht
Sonja Kehler
Paul Celan
Todesfuge
Radio DDR 1
Sarah Kirsch
State University of New York
Ernst Reuter Prize
Nova
Deutsche Grammophon
Deutscher Musikrat
Orgel
Cybele Records
children's choir
Deutscher Musikrat
Bertolt Brecht
Radio DDR 1
Agnieszka Osiecka
Berliner Rundfunk
Fred K. Prieberg

categories: 20th-century classical composers,20th-century German composers,1940 births,German classical composers,2006 deaths,German male classical composers,Humboldt University of Berlin alumni,21st-century German composers,21st-century classical composers,People from Duderstadt,German opera composers,Male opera composers,20th-century male musicians,Hochschule für Musik "Hanns Eisler" alumni

paragraph: Tilo Medek

paragraph: Tilo Medek, originally Müller-Medek (22 January 1940 – 3 February 2006), was a German classical composer, musicologist and music publisher. He grew up in East Germany, but was inspired by the Darmstädter Ferienkurse. He composed radio plays and incidental music. His setting of Lenin's "Decree on Peace" led to restrictions, and after he showed solidarity with the expatriated Wolf Biermann, he also had to move to the West, where he composed an opera "Katharina Blum" based on Heinrich Böll's novel, and worked in education. He received international awards from 1967 on.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Müller-Medek was born in Jena, the son of the composer and musician Willy Müller-Medek (1897–1965) and his wife Rosa (1902–1976). He received musical training at the Jenaer Musikschule in violin, piano, improvisation and music theory. In 1957 he attended the 12th Darmstädter Ferienkurse in the western part of Germany where he took classes with Alexander Jemnitz, Luigi Nono, Hermann Scherchen and Karlheinz Stockhausen.

paragraph: From 1959 to 1962, he studied piano with in Quedlinburg. He received his Abitur in 1959, and studied then at the Humboldt University of Berlin, musicology with Walther Vetter, Ernst Hermann Meyer and Georg Knepler. He also took courses in psychology with , in art history with Karl-Heinz Clasen, in theology with Lieselotte Richter and in garden architecture with Willy Kurth. He studied at the same time composition with Rudolf Wagner-Régeny at the Deutsche Hochschule für Musik in East Berlin.

paragraph: From 1962, Medek worked as a répétiteur for the ensemble of the Berliner Arbeiterjugend, and as a composer of radio plays and incidental music. In 1964 he wrote his thesis in musicology: "Die Vertonungen von Goethes Prometheus-Gedicht". In 1968, his work was first restricted, because of his compositions "Das Dekret über den Frieden" after Lenin's "Decree on Peace", and "Battaglia alla turca" (later No. 1 from "Lesarten an zwei Klavieren"). Lenin's text, slightly shortened, is set for speaker and percussion (Schlag-Idiophone, Schlagtrommeln), with the speaker in the middle of the audience, while the percussionists are positioned in the back of the audience in four corners, playing with growing intensity which in the end drowns the voice. In 1977, Medek criticized the Darmstadt school and its influence in the GDR. When Wolf Biermann had to leave the country on 15 July 1977, Medek protested and then also moved to the West. From 1982, he ran the music publishing house Musikverlag Edition Tilo Medek. In 1984 he composed the opera "Katharina Blum" to a libretto by his wife, Dorothea Medek, based on Heinrich Böll's novel "Die verlorene Ehre der Katharina Blum" ("The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum"). Revised in 1986, it premiered at the Theater Bielefeld on 20 April 1991. Medek died in Duderstadt in 2006.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Medek's works included chamber music and piano pieces, and settings of poetry by Bertolt Brecht which were performed by singers such as Sonja Kehler. He composed many works for choir and orchestra, receiving international recognition for "Die Todesfuge" after Paul Celan's poem "Todesfuge". Medek composed two radio plays broadcast by Radio DDR 1. He wrote extended stage works, such as the opera "Katharina Blum". He composed three symphonies: "Die Eisenblätter", "Die Rheinische", "Die Sorbische", and several concertos for solo instrument and orchestra. He wrote many works for organ. He received awards for his "Die betrunkene Sonne" (The drunk sun) for speaker and orchestra, a melodrama for children on a text by Sarah Kirsch, and for "Kindermesse" (Children's Mass), written in memory of the children murdered by the Nazis.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967: Internationaler Kompositionswettbewerb der Stiftung Gaudeamus, Niederlande (for "Todesfuge")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968: State University of New York (for "Das Dekret über den Frieden")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969: Opernwettbewerb DDR (for the opera "Einzug")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970: Friedrich-Kuhlau-Wettbewerb der Stadt Uelzen (for "Kühl, nicht lau", No. 2 of the "Lesarten an zwei Klavieren")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975: 22 Tribune internationale des Composits of the UNESCO Paris (for the "Kindermesse")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975: Prix Folklorique de Radio Bratislava (for "Der schwere Traum")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977: in Bratislava for the KRO-Niederlande recording of the "Kindermesse"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982: Ernst Reuter Prize, with Dorothea Medek for their feature "Westöstliche Wechsel, ausgestellt in der Ankunftszeit"

paragraph: Section::::Selected recordings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die betrunkene Sonne. Ein Melodram für Kinder für Sprecher und Orchester."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nova 8 85 019, 1971 (A-Seite)

paragraph: BULLET::::- LP: Deutsche Grammophon DG-Junior 2546054, 1981

paragraph: BULLET::::- MC: Deutsche Grammophon DG-Junior, 3346054, 1981

paragraph: BULLET::::- CD: 26–27 June 1996 Schwerte SonArte, P 1997 2987610002, 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- CD: Musik für Kinder (3-CD set) Deutsche Grammophon, 459 606, 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- CD: "El sol borracho", AgrupArte (Spain) (with illustrated booklet) 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- CD: "Musik in Deutschland 1950–2000" (Box 3: Angewandte Musik, Disk 9) Deutscher Musikrat RCA RedSeal, 74321 73527 2 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tilo Medek: Orgelwerke". ("Wandlungs-Passacaglia" (2001), "B-A-C-H, Vier Töne für Orgel" (1973), "Verschüttete Bauernflöte" (1969), "Quatemberfeste" (1989), "Gebrochene Flügel" (1975), "Rückläufige Passacaglia" (1979)). Cybele Records, SACD 060.801 (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Triops-Botschaft – Das Gitarrenwerk von Tilo Medek." (A: "Rosenlied – Pergola – Rautenkranz" (1967/69), "Albumblatt mit Randbemerkungen" (1967/68), "Venezianisches Naxos" (1981); B: "Erdrauch" (1979), "Triops - Botschaft" (1985)). Ricophon LP 01030 ETM

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tilo Medek: Cello Concerto". ("Cello Concerto No. 1" (1978/82), "Eine Stele für Bernd Alois Zimmermann" (1976), "Schattenspiele"(1973). classic production osnabrück, cpo 777 520-2, 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kindermesse" (Zum Gedenken der im Dritten Reich ermordeten Kinder) (1974) for children's choir

paragraph: BULLET::::- TV version: 4 May 1979, Niederländisches Fernsehen, II. Programm, KRO Hilversum

paragraph: BULLET::::- LP: "Kindermesse und Struwwelpeter" - Mannheimer Kinderchor, Edition Tilo Medek, 01012 1986

paragraph: BULLET::::- CD: "Musik in Deutschland 1950-2000" (Box 16: Musik für Chöre, Disk 1) Deutscher Musikrat, RCA RedSeal, 74321 73660 2 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- "So ein Struwwelpeter / Musikalischer Bilderbogen für Sopransolo, Kinderchor und Solostimmen, Flöte, Fagott, Marimbaphon und andere Schlaginstrumente" (1975), text:

paragraph: BULLET::::- CD: Landesmusikakademie NRW, audite!nova, LC 18939 2010

paragraph: Section::::Music for radio plays.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969: Bertolt Brecht "Der Ozeanflug" (radio play), also direction, with Kurt Veht, Radio DDR 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972: Agnieszka Osiecka: "Appetit auf Frühkirschen" (radio play) – direction: Albrecht Surkau, Radio DDR 1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973: Jiri Kafka: "Vom Wasser, das zu singen aufhörte" (radio play for children) – direction: Albrecht Surkau, Berliner Rundfunk

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fred K. Prieberg: "Musik im anderen Deutschland". Köln 1968 (Müller-Medek),

description: German composer and musicologist

wikidata_label: Tilo Medek

wikipedia_title: Tilo Medek


text: Geological Society of London

text: petrology

text: mineralogy

text: Sir Alexander MacRobert

text: Second World War

text: Royal Air Force

text: British India Corporation

text: Short Stirling

text: Hawker Hurricane

text: Worcester, Massachusetts

text: Fanny Bullock Workman

text: New England

text: Alexander

text: Dresden

text: The Cheltenham Ladies' College

text: Sir Alexander MacRobert

text: Aberdeen

text: Kanpur

text: Dresden

text: Cheltonham Ladies College

text: Royal Holloway College

text: Honours degree

text: geology

text: University of Edinburgh

text: Royal School of Mines

text: Quakers

text: York

text: Imperial College

text: petrology

text: mineralogy

text: Kolar Gold Fields

text: Tarland

text: Aberdeenshire

text: Delhi Durbar

text: Eildon Hill

text: British India Corporation

text: Friesian

text: RAF

text: Eildon Hill

text: Imperial College

text: Geological Society of London

text: Royal Society of Arts

text: MacRobert award

categories: 1884 births,American emigrants to Scotland,Scottish women geologists,Fellows of the Geological Society of London,1954 deaths,Alumni of Royal Holloway, University of London,People from Worcester, Massachusetts,American emigrants to England,Scottish philanthropists,People educated at Cheltenham Ladies' College

paragraph: Lady Rachel Workman MacRobert

paragraph: Rachel Workman MacRobert, Lady MacRobert (23 March 1884 – 1 September 1954), commonly known as Lady Rachel Workman MacRobert, was a geologist, cattle breeder and an active feminist. Born in Massachusetts to an influential family, she was educated in England and Scotland. She was elected to Fellowship of the Geological Society of London, one of the first three women admitted. Her scientific studies included petrology and mineralogy in Sweden and her first academic paper was published in 1911. She married Sir Alexander MacRobert, a wealthy self-made Scottish millionaire, and had three sons with him. He was endowed with a knighthood in 1910 and a baronetcy in 1922 but died later that year. Lady Rachel's sons all pre-deceased her – the eldest in a flying accident in 1938, and the other two died in action during the Second World War serving with the Royal Air Force. On the death of her husband she became a director of the British India Corporation, the conglomerate he had founded.

paragraph: To commemorate her sons, Rachel paid for a Short Stirling bomber named 'MacRobert's Reply', and four Hawker Hurricanes. In 1943 she created the MacRobert Trust, a charity that continues to support the RAF among other institutions.

paragraph: She was able to speak English, German, Italian, Spanish, French, Danish, and Norwegian, which she used in her expeditions and research.

paragraph: Section::::Background and early life.

paragraph: Born on 23 March 1884, in Worcester, Massachusetts, Rachel was the eldest child of Fanny Bullock Workman and her husband William Hunter Workman; the couple also had a son, Siegfried, born in 1889. Fanny and William were well educated and from prominent, wealthy New England families. Fanny received a large inheritance when her father, Alexander, died in 1882 and the family fortune was further boosted by a significant bequest from William's father in 1885. The family moved to Dresden when Rachel was five-years-old in 1889 claiming it would be beneficial to William's "debilitating" health issues. Following the move, he made a prompt return to good health and the couple escalated their interests in travelling and exploring the world. Rachel and her brother were left in Dresden to be cared for by nurses during their parents' frequent trips away. Siegfried died on 26 June 1893 after contracting pneumonia. Fanny's preference for travelling over the responsibilities of motherhood intensified a few months after the funeral and Rachel was dispatched to England to be educated at The Cheltenham Ladies' College.

paragraph: Rachel remained in contact with her parents and while returning to England from a trip to India with them in 1909 she met Sir Alexander MacRobert. Commonly referred to as Mac, he was born in Aberdeen to working class parents. He left school when he was twelve but continued his education by attending evening classes. Thirty years older than Rachel, he was born in 1854; when they met he was a widower who had already made a significant fortune building up woollen mills in Cawnpore, or Kanpur as it is now known, where he had worked since early 1884. MacRobert received a knighthood in the New Year's Honours list in 1910 by which time the pair had an established relationship; Rachel refused to attend the ceremony with him at Buckingham Palace declaring: "I will bow to no man."

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Lady Rachel Workman MacRobert attended a private school while in Dresden in her early years. After moving back to the United Kingdom, she was enrolled into Cheltonham Ladies College. After Cheltenham, Rachel attended Royal Holloway College, an institution founded to provide a university education for women. In 1911 she graduated with a second class Honours degree in geology having spent a year, 1907 until 1908, studying both Geology and Political Economy at the University of Edinburgh. Beginning in 1909, she studied at the Royal School of Mines until 1912, where she was the first woman to attend, to the dismay of the institution. She further enhanced her education by attending the Christiania Mineralogisk Institutet, undertaking a post-graduate research course.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and family.

paragraph: Rachel and MacRobert married on 7 July 1911 at a Quakers Meeting House in York. Neither of Rachel's parents attended the ceremony. Marriage did not prevent her continuing her studies as she attended the Imperial College in London. While there she undertook research into petrology and mineralogy in Scotland and Sweden, publishing papers on the subject in 1911. Her husband devoted most of his time continuing to build his conglomerate in India but eventually Rachel would not live there and referred to it as "that nasty land". While she was in India she continued her geological research at the Kolar Gold Fields. She soon predominantly divided her time between her studies, European travel and managing the estate at Tarland in Aberdeenshire, which Sir Alexander had acquired in 1905 to complement the small farm he bought nearby in 1888. Rachel did reluctantly travel to India to attend ceremonial events like the Delhi Durbar in mid-December 1911.

paragraph: The couple had three children, all boys: Alasdair, the eldest was born on 11 July 1912; Roderic on 8 May 1915; and the youngest, Iain, on 19 April 1917. The birth of the children did not curtail Sir Alexander's commitment and time spent in India resulting in Rachel being left to care for the children alone. Despite this, she managed to continue her scientific investigations undertaking research at the Eildon Hills in the Scottish borders which was published in 1914.

paragraph: Rachel's mother was a strong proponent of women's rights and the suffragette movement, an advocacy Rachel shared. Invitations to garden parties in support of the National Union of Women Workers, or the National Council of Women of Great Britain as it is now known, were readily accepted and Rachel hosted luncheon parties for suffragette coordinators. When suffragettes were involved in violent protests in Aberdeen during 1913 against the conditions imposed on women Rachel justified actions like explosives being thrown by stating: "Girls have no sort of life under present social conditions and the wickedness of men at large".

paragraph: Section::::Middle years.

paragraph: Sir Alexander was raised to a baronet at the beginning of 1922, choosing to be named Sir Alexander MacRobert of Cawnpore and Cromar of the County of Aberdeen. He returned to Scotland in April that year but was in poor health; he had a fatal heart attack on 22 June 1922 at Douneside. Rachel was left a widow, albeit a rich one, with three boys aged five, seven and ten. Legal difficulties arose over the settlement of Sir Alexander's will due to unrest in India combined with a lengthy acrimonious disagreement with tax inspectors in the UK. His British assets after the payment of death duties amounted to £264,000, the equivalent of over £13.7 million . By 1920 Sir Alexander had built up a portfolio of six companies; he had amalgamated these to form the British India Corporation. After his death Rachel assumed the role of director, a position she held until her eldest son, Alasdair, became chairman in 1937. The three boys did not enjoy robust health; this led to Rachel founding a herd of Friesian dairy cattle at Douneside to produce better quality milk for them. Her three sons all perished in aircraft related incidents while in the RAF. This inspired her to participate in the war efforts on her sons behalf as she had "no more sons to give". After the death of her third son during World War II, she donated £25000 to purchase a Stirling Bomber named "MacRobert's Reply" in 1941.

paragraph: Section::::Contributions to Geology.

paragraph: During her academic career Rachel took a particular interest in glacial geomorphology and petrology. She studied the occurrence of calcite in the igneous rocks on the Alno Island of southern Norway, and also studied the petrography of Eildon Hill, Scotland. Soon after her time at Imperial College, Rachel published her first paper in 1911, "Calcite as a Primary Constituent of Igneous Rock". Active within the geology research community, Rachel attended the International Geological Congress in 1910 and 1913. At her attendance in 1913 at the Annual General Meeting of the Royal Geological Society an attempt was made to eject her; it did not succeed. As one of the many women to make great academic and social strides in the field of geology, Rachel played a key role in the formal integration of women as Fellows of the Geological Society of London in 1919. In 1938 she was elected as a life fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. As a Geologic fellow at the Geological society of Stockholm, she had done ample research in the Kolar gold fields in India, Sweden in the iron bearing regions, and along the Scottish borders. She was one of five women to be a part of the congress field trips to Northern Sweden and Lapland, where she was the only woman to participate in outdoor expeditions.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: After the death of her third son Iain, she wrote an article titled "MacRobert's Reply" where she honored her sons and acknowledged all the mothers who had lost sons while serving. In 1969, The MacRobert trust "" was further established that was both land owner and a charity. The charity aspect of the trust served to help younger disadvantaged people, and the trust was also designed to honor the military. She was a very stanch supporter of the military which was demonstrated through her graciousness and giving nature which is the persona the trust wanted to embody. The MacRobert award was created for recognizing innovation in engineering and is one of the most prestigious awards available for the field. The 50th anniversary of the award was celebrated in 2019. ""

description: geologist, feminist

wikidata_label: Lady Rachel Workman MacRobert

wikipedia_title: Lady Rachel Workman MacRobert


text:
American football
strong safety
Oakland Raiders
National Football League
college football
West Virginia
2016 NFL Draft
Edgewater High School
Orlando, Florida
West Virginia University
interceptions
sack
Wendell Smallwood
K. J. Dillon
Nick Kwiatkoski
Daryl Worley
Pittsburgh Steelers'
Mike Tomlin
Sports Illustrated
Oakland Raiders
2016 NFL Draft
T. J. Carrie
Nate Allen
Larry Asante
Jack Del Rio
Oakland Raiders'
New Orleans Saints
Tennessee Titans
Philip Rivers
San Diego Chargers
Houston Texans
Buffalo Bills
PFWA All-Rookie Team
Oakland Raiders
AFC West
Houston Texans
Oakland Raiders'
Tennessee Titans
New York Jets'
Josh McCown
Washington Redskins
Kansas City Chiefs
Buffalo Bills
groin
Alex Smith
Kansas City Chiefs
AFC West
Pro Football Focus
Arizona Cardinals
Josh Rosen
Pro Football Focus
Haiti
Oakland Raiders profile
West Virginia Mountaineers bio

categories: 1993 births,American sportspeople of Haitian descent,Players of American football from Florida,West Virginia Mountaineers football players,American football safeties,Sportspeople from Orlando, Florida,Living people

paragraph: Karl Joseph

paragraph: Karl Myrthell Joseph (born September 8, 1993) is an American football strong safety for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at West Virginia. He was drafted by the Raiders in the first round of the 2016 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Joseph attended Edgewater High School in Orlando, Florida. He committed to West Virginia University to play college football.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Joseph started all 13 games as a true freshman at West Virginia in 2012, recording 104 tackles, two interceptions, and one sack. He started all 12 games his sophomore year and had 68 tackles and one interception. He again started all 13 games as a junior in 2014, recording 92 tackles and one interception. Joseph started the first four games his senior year in 2015, before suffering a season-ending knee injury. At the time of the injury, he was leading the nation with five interceptions.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Coming out of West Virginia, Joseph was projected by the majority of NFL draft experts and scouts to be a second or third round pick. He received an invitation to the NFL combine, but was unable to perform any physical drills due to a knee injury he suffered in October. On April 4, 2016, he was among 22 prospects who performed at West Virginia's pro day, that included Wendell Smallwood, K. J. Dillon, Nick Kwiatkoski, and Daryl Worley. He performed the bench press and met from coaches, team representatives, and scouts from all 32 NFL teams, that included Pittsburgh Steelers' head coach Mike Tomlin. Joseph was ranked the second best strong safety prospect in the draft by DraftScout.com and was ranked the seventh best defensive back prospect by "Sports Illustrated".

paragraph: The Oakland Raiders selected Joseph in the first round (14th overall) of the 2016 NFL Draft. Joseph was the first safety drafted in 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Oakland Raiders.:2016.

paragraph: On May 10, 2016, the Oakland Raiders signed Joseph to a fully guaranteed four-year, $11.88 million contract with a signing bonus of $6.84 million.

paragraph: Joseph competed with veterans T. J. Carrie and Nate Allen throughout training camp for the vacant starting strong safety role after the departure of Larry Asante. Head coach Jack Del Rio named Joseph the backup strong safety to Nate Allen to begin the season.

paragraph: He made his professional regular season debut in the Oakland Raiders' season-opening 35–34 win at the New Orleans Saints. On September 25, 2016, Joseph made his first career start and recorded a season-high ten combined tackles in the Raiders' 17–10 victory at the Tennessee Titans. On October 9, 2016, he collected six combined tackles, defended a pass, and made his first career interception off of Philip Rivers during a 34–31 victory over the San Diego Chargers. During a Week 12 contest against the Houston Texans, Joseph recorded a season-high nine solo tackles in the Raiders' 27–20 victory. During a Week 13 matchup against the Buffalo Bills, Joseph collected four combined tackles, but left the game after suffering an apparent toe injury that would cause him to miss the last four games of the season (Weeks 14–17). He finished the season with 60 combined tackles (44 solo), six pass deflections, and intercepted one pass in 12 games and nine starts. He was named to the PFWA All-Rookie Team after a strong rookie season. Pro Football Focus gave him an overall grade of 75.5, ranking him 50th among all qualifying safeties in 2016. He also received a coverage grade of 79.6, which ranked 29th.

paragraph: The Oakland Raiders received a playoff berth after finishing second in the AFC West with a 12–4 record. On January 7, 2017, Joseph started in his first career playoff game and recorded four solo tackles as the Raiders lost 14–27 to the Houston Texans in the AFC Wildcard game.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Oakland Raiders.:2017.

paragraph: He started the Oakland Raiders' season-opener at the Tennessee Titans and recorded a season-high nine combined tackles and a pass deflection during their 26–16 victory. The following week, Joseph recorded five combined tackles, his first career sack, and forced a fumble by New York Jets' quarterback Josh McCown, that he would recover to set up the Raiders' offense on an eventual touchdown scoring drive. They went on to defeat the Jets 45–20. On September 24, 2017, he collected a season-high eight solo tackles and assisted on a tackle in a 10–27 loss to the Washington Redskins. On October 19, 2017, Joseph recorded four combined tackles and a pass deflection, but exited the Raiders' 31–30 victory at the Kansas City Chiefs in the fourth quarter after sustaining an injury. He was sidelined for the Raiders' Week 8 loss to the Buffalo Bills due to a groin injury. In Week 14, Joseph made three solo tackles, deflected a pass, and intercepted a pass by Alex Smith during a 26–15 loss at the Kansas City Chiefs. On December 31, 2017, the Oakland Raiders fired head coach Jack Del Rio finished third in the AFC West with a 6–10 record. He finished the season with 79 combined tackles (58 solo), four pass deflections, an interception, and a sack in 15 games and 15 starts. Pro Football Focus gave Joseph an overall grade of 80.8, ranking him 35th among all qualified safeties in 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Oakland Raiders.:2018.

paragraph: In Week 11 against the Arizona Cardinals, Joseph made his first interception of the season off quarterback Josh Rosen in a 23-21 Raiders win. He finished the season playing in 13 games with eight starts, recording 48 combined tackles, two sacks, two passes defensed, and one interception.

paragraph: In the first eight weeks of the season, Joseph played only eleven snaps. During the trade deadline, it was speculated that the Raiders would be moving on from Joseph. Starting from week 11, Joseph's play improved and he finished the season as the Raiders' highest graded defender according to Pro Football Focus.

paragraph: He received an overall grade of 74.5 from Pro Football Focus in 2018, which ranked as the 23rd highest grade among all safeties.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Oakland Raiders.:2019.

paragraph: On May 2, 2019, the Raiders declined the fifth-year option on Joseph's contract, making him a free agent in 2020.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Joseph is of Haitian descent.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oakland Raiders profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- West Virginia Mountaineers bio

description: American footballer

wikidata_label: Karl Joseph

wikipedia_title: Karl Joseph


text: Washington D.C.

text: University of Belgrade

text: University of Wales

text: nanotechnology

text: Bogdan Maglich

text: Venice Biennale

categories: 1959 births,American people of Serbian descent,American artists,University of Belgrade alumni,People from Washington, D.C.,Living people

paragraph: Victoria Vesna

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Victoria Vesna was born in Washington D.C. She received a Fine Arts Diploma from the University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia in 1984. In 2000, she completed her Ph.D. at the Centre for Advanced Studies in Interactive Arts, University of Wales.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Victoria Vesna was the chair of the Department of Design Media Arts at the UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture as well as director of UCLA's Art|Sci Center and the UC Digital Arts Research Network. She received the Oscar Signorini award for best net artwork in 1998 and the Cine Golden Eagle award for best scientific documentary in 1986.

paragraph: Through creative research, she examines perception and identity shifts in connection with scientific innovation as well as examining bio and nanotechnology through art.

paragraph: Exhibitions include Spaceship Earth at the Centre of Contemporary Art Znaki Czasu in Torun (2011) and MORPHONANO at the Beall Center for Art and Technology, Irvine, California (2012).

paragraph: In Christopher Hanson's review of her book "Database aesthetics: Art in the age of information overflow," he says that Vesna provides an engaging collection of essays about changing aesthetics in interactive art and its relationship to the database.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Formerly married to Bogdan Maglich, Vesna has two children by that marriage, which ended in divorce.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bodies Corp 2.0" (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Octopus Mandala Glow" (2013), in collaboration with Ray Zimmerman, Dawn Faelnar, Mike Datz, Peter Rand, Steven Amrhein, and others

paragraph: BULLET::::- "ACOUSTIC NETWORKS OF BIRDS" (2012), in collaboration with biologist Charles Taylor and physicist Takashi Ikegami

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quantum Tunneling" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Water Bowls" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mood Swings" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Datamining Bodies" (2004) in collaboration with Gerald de Jong and David Beaudry

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zero@wavefunction" (2002) in collaboration with nanoscientist James Gimzewski

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cell Ghosts" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Building a Community of People with No Time" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Datamining Bodies (1999)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bodies© InCorporated (1996)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Virtual Concrete" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Another Day in Paradise" (1992)

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Database aesthetics: Art in the age of information overflow" (2007), University Of Minnesota Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mel Chin-Provocative Eco-Art in Action" Academic journal article from Art Journal, Vol. 65, No. 1.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Toward a Third Culture: Being In Between" Art and Electronic Media. Phaidon Press. 2008.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.:Solo exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MORPHONANO: Beall Center for Art and Technology, Irvine, California (2012)*Spaceship Earth: Centre of Contemporary Art Znaki Czasu in Torun (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hox Zodiac: Microwave International New Media Arts Festival ALCHEMY, School of Creative Media, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.(2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Quantum Tunneling: Median Kunst Labor (Media Art Laboratory), Graz, Austria.(2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cell Ghosts: Apeejay Media Gallery, New Delhi.(2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zero@wavefunction: Biennale for Electronic Arts, Perth. John Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia. (2002)

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.:Group exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- TechNoBody"," Pelham Art Center, New York, NY(2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Red Angel," Installation. Art & Science, Aperto '86, Venice Biennale, Italy (1986)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artist website: http://victoriavesna.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artist talk: http://vimeo.com/52159955

description: new media artist

wikidata_label: Victoria Vesna

wikipedia_title: Victoria Vesna


text:
comedian
screenwriter
television host
Quebec
French
Mike Ward
one-man show
Montreal
Just For Laughs
Les Bougon
late-night talk show
V
actor
tabloid talk show
common man
curse words
anger
independent candidate
Canadian federal election
Chambly—Borduas
Mercier bridge
surname
Journal de Montréal
Liberal
Conservative
Bloc Québécois
MP
Yves Lessard
Liberal
Conservative
NDP
Matthew Dubé

categories: French Quebecers,Quebec comedians,Living people,1967 births

paragraph: Jean-François Mercier

paragraph: Jean-François Mercier (born 19 July 1967) is a comedian, screenwriter and television host from Quebec, Canada.

paragraph: Self-nicknamed "Le Gros Cave" (French for "fat dumbass") he gained recognition through TV shows appearances in "The Mike Ward Show" in the early 2000s, where he played a recurring character known as "The Frustrated Guy". Mercier later had his own one-man show, appeared several times at Montreal's French comedy festival "Just For Laughs" and was one of the screenwriters of TV show "Les Bougon". Since 2010, he host his late-night talk show "Un gars le soir" ("One guy at night") at V.

paragraph: In the late 1990s, he was hired as an actor in the short-lived tabloid talk show "Black out", where he appeared as a common man in the audience trying to spark controversy.

paragraph: Throughout his comedian career, Mercier has been known for his arguably scruffy appearance and part of his act is to mix social criticism with vulgarity, curse words and expressions of anger.

paragraph: In 2011, Mercier stood as an independent candidate in the Canadian federal election in the riding of Chambly—Borduas. One of his electoral promises was to add a second Mercier bridge, since he and the bridge shared the same surname. In a 24 April 2011 "Journal de Montréal" poll, 15% of the voters of the Chambly-Borduas riding had the intention to vote for Mercier, polling higher than the Liberal and Conservative candidates. The Bloc Québécois MP Yves Lessard denounced Mercier's campaign as "a sad use of democracy". Mercier finished third with 11% of the vote, beating both the Liberal and Conservative candidates, though losing to NDP's Matthew Dubé.

description: Canadian comedian

wikidata_label: Jean-François Mercier

wikipedia_title: Jean-François Mercier


text: lawyer

text: Río de la Plata

text: accounting

text: officer

text: Tribunal de Cuentas de Buenos Aires

text: Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata

text: Open Cabildo

text: May 22, 1810

text: Francisco Maciel

text: Santiago del Estero

text: May Revolution

text: Pascual Ruiz Huidobro

text: Feliciano Chiclana

text: Cabildo de Buenos Aires

text: Principality of Piedmont

text: War of the Austrian Succession

text: Verzuolo

text: Bourbon Reforms

text: Spanish Empire

text: Genoa

text: Pedro Antonio de Cevallos

text: José de Gálvez

text: hierarchical

text: pesos

text: key

text: Diego de la Vega

text: Tirso Martínez

text: Ángel Castelli

text: Greek

text: Guillermo Ross

text: Scottish

text: Fuerte de Floridablanca

text: Capinota Province

text: Bolivia

text: windmills

text: Francisco Antonio Maciel

text: Diocesan of Buenos Aires

text: hospital

text: Montevideo

text: Council

text: Santiago del Estero

text: writ

text: Juan Joseph de Erquicia

text: Juan Joseph de Iramain

text: Antonio de Olaguer y Feliú

text: Miguel Gerónimo de Esparza

text: Fuerte de Buenos Aires

text: Mariano Tristán

text: Manuel Arredondo y Pelegrín

text: Juan de Dios Salas

text: Chile

text: Peru

text: Santa Fe, Bogotá

text: Córdoba

text: Martín Grandoli

text: Regimiento Fijo de Buenos Aires

text: Félix de Azara

text: Bernabé González Bueno

text: Hospital de Caridad

text: freedom

text: mulatta

text: English invasions

text: Beresford

text: Martín de Alzaga

text: José

text: Manuel

text: Joaquín

text: Quinteros and Labradores

text: Húsares of Pueyrredón

text: Cántabros Montañeses

text: Tercio de Vizcaínos

text: Friar

text: British troops

text: Convent of Santo Domingo

text: Rafael de Sobremonte

text: Escuadrón de Carabineros de Carlos IV

text: May Revolution

text: Spanish Crown

text: Feliciano Chiclana

text: Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros

text: Hilario Ramos

text: Saavedra

text: Justo Pastor Lynch

text: Antonio Beruti

text: Domingo French

text: Juan José Castelli

text: Joaquín Belgrano

text: Juan José Viamonte

text: Eugenio José Balbastro

text: Ildefonso Ramos Mexía y Ross

text: Martín Jacobo Thompson

text: farm

text: San Isidro

text: hacienda

text: Miguel de Azcuénaga

text: Quilmes

text: noble

text: Juan Miguel de Esparza

text: Cathedral of Buenos Aires

text: José Antonio Acosta

text: San Nicolás

text: Mariano Olier

text: Juan Joseph Canaveris

text: Manuel Canaveris

text: Joaquín Canaveris

text: Biscay

text: Fonda de los Tres Reyes

text: inn

text: Orden de la Merced

text: Saint Dominic

text: Amoedo

text: Bayá

text: Cuyar

text: Lezcano

text: Marull

text: Michelena

text: Pelliza

text: Vitón

text: Sinforoso Amoedo

text: Ángel Canaveris

text: Hospital Vilardebó

text: Domingo Matheu

text: Primera Junta

text: Vicente Anastasio Echevarría

text: Assembly of the Year XIII

text: Province of Cuneo

text: Republic of Genoa

text: Charles Emmanuel III

text: Provence

text: Louis XV

text: Charles III

text: Anglo

text: Irish

text: Brigades

text: Flanders

text: Savoy

text: toponymic surname

text: Île-de-France

text: Aquitaine

text: Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes

text: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

text: Northwest Europe

text: Iglesia de la Merced

text: Alvarado Périchon

text: Armstrong

text: Casablanca

text: Lynch

text: Halliburton-Wright

text: Kennedy

text: Lagleyze

text: Lamela

text: Medina

text: Peralta Ramos

text: Reynolds

text: Newton

text: Rogers

text: Saravi

text: Warnes

text: Terry

text: Thompson

text: Yateman's

text: Paris

text: London

text: Buenos Aires Stock Exchange

text: Lacroze Railroad

text: Ferrocarril Oeste de Buenos Aires

text: Enrique Mosconi Canavery

text: Central Argentine Railway

text: Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales

text: German Army

text: Pioners

text: Westphalian

text: Pedro Canaveri

text: Zoilo Canavery

text: Argentine soccer

text: Club Atlético y Tiro Federal

text: Puan

text: Canavery-Castillo

text: Amoedo-Canaveri

text: Recoleta Cemetery

categories: Italian people of English descent,French emigrants to Argentina,Spanish emigrants to Argentina,Italian people of French descent,Italian people of Swiss descent,People from Saluzzo,People from the Kingdom of Sardinia,Italian emigrants to Argentina,Italian people of Spanish descent,1748 births,Italian notaries,Italian people of Irish descent,Italian expatriates in Argentina,1822 deaths,People from Buenos Aires

paragraph: Juan de Canaveris

paragraph: Juan de Canaveris ("or Canaverys") (1748–1822) was an Italian lawyer and politician, who served during the viceroyalty of Río de la Plata as accounting officer in the Tribunal de Cuentas de Buenos Aires. He had achieved a high social status in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, where supported the revolutionary movements of May, being the only neighbor (founding fathers of Argentina) of Italian origin who attended in the Open Cabildo, of May 22, 1810.

paragraph: Juan Canaverys was the founder of the Canavery family in Argentina, and the direct ancestor of prominent military, revolutionaries, lawyers, notaries, politicians and priests of Buenos Aires. He had a long career in Buenos Aires, serving as attorney-in-fact of Francisco Maciel and . In 1798 he was appointed as representative of the City Council of Santiago del Estero. During the May Revolution he integrated the sector proposed by Pascual Ruiz Huidobro and Feliciano Chiclana, political group that proposed the destitution of the Viceroy and the assumption of the government by the Cabildo de Buenos Aires, in form of a provisional government.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Giovanni Antonio Domenico de Canaveris was born near the year 1748 in Saluzzo (Principality of Piedmont), during the end of the War of the Austrian Succession. His parents were Gabriel Antonio Canaveris and Margherita Jugluns, belonging to a noble family from Verzuolo. He arrived at Río de la Plata about 1770, in times of the Bourbon Reforms in the Spanish Empire. He probably had lived and studied in Genoa, in the census of 1807 and 1809 is indicated as of Genoese origin.

paragraph: Is probable that his first works in Buenos Aires were related to commercial activities. In 1776, he was appointed to exercise the position of "portero" of the Real Tribunal de Cuentas of Buenos Aires, an institution created by order of the Viceroy Pedro Antonio de Cevallos and José de Gálvez, Minister of the Indies.

paragraph: He was employee of the Tribunal de Cuentas until 1795, and returned to work in the court on an interim basis in the years of 1799.

paragraph: In 1785 Canaveris was employed interim of the , an institution established for assistance to widows and families of government employees. Although the work of "portero" (accounting officer) was not a hierarchical position, Canaveris earned 500 pesos a year. Same amount as a Senior Accountant. As an officer of the Court of Auditors he was in charge of protocol matters, clerk and responsible for the key of the Camara de Sesiones (Chamber of Sections) of the Court.

paragraph: Among his co-workers in the Tribunal were Diego de la Vega and Tirso Martínez, accountant and notary of the Court of Accounts.

paragraph: For his services rendered to the Court of Accounts Juan Canaveris received an increase in his salary by Real Order on June 8, 1799.

paragraph: In 1777 he sold a property located in the neighborhood of San Nicolas (Buenos Aires) to Ángel Castelli, a well-known doctor of Greek origin. He is also registered in a sales document with María Cristina Ross, daughter of Guillermo Ross, a military and politician of Scottish origin established around 1740 in Buenos Aires.

paragraph: Canaveris maintained an active participation in legal matters in Buenos Aires, where he served as legal representative of distinguished Spanish personalities. In 1792 he was appointed as attorney-in-fact of Joseph Medianero, a Spanish official who served in the Fuerte de Floridablanca. In 1795, he was appointed as representative of the Protector Guardian of Natural resources and Indians in the village of San Pablo, Capinota Province, Bolivia. In his name he had obtained permission from the viceroyal authorities to build four windmills in a site known as "Cucumí".

paragraph: In 1796, Canaveris was legal representative of Francisco Antonio Maciel to manage the approval, the Diocesan of Buenos Aires, for the construction of a public hospital in Montevideo. In 1798, Juan de Canaveris served as attorney in the Council of Santiago del Estero, on behalf of the elected aldermen of the City Council. Canaveris had presented a writ of grievances in defense of aldermen (Juan Joseph de Erquicia and Juan Joseph de Iramain) to the Viceroy Antonio de Olaguer y Feliú, to avoid annulment the elections, held in that province in July 20, 1796.

paragraph: Juan Canaveris was the representative of Sebastiana Esparza and María Eugenia Sánchez Gallanos (his mother-in-law) in matters related to the payment of services rendered to the Spanish monarchs by Miguel Gerónimo de Esparza and Juan Miguel de Esparza, who served as commanders of the Fuerte de Buenos Aires. He also served as executor of Mariano Tristán, a noble knight linked to the Spanish aristocracy. Canaveris maintained excellent relations with the viceroyal authorities including Manuel Arredondo y Pelegrín and Juan de Dios Salas, the General Commissioner of the provinces of Buenos Aires, Chile, Peru and Santa Fe, Bogotá.

paragraph: He also represented Lorenzo Caballero, a resident of the city of Córdoba, in the deeds of a property in favor of Martín Grandoli, a distinguished Spanish politician who served as mayor of Buenos Aires. In 1793, he was appointed legal representative of Joseph de la Cruz, a soldier of the Regimiento Fijo de Buenos Aires, who served on the orders of Félix de Azara. That same year, Canaveris also served as attorney-in-fact of Bernabé González Bueno, Minister of the Real Hacienda of Buenos Aires.

paragraph: Canaveris also became involved in charitable tasks, serving as benefactor of the Hospital de Caridad, the first public hospital in Montevideo, Uruguay. In 1797 he and his wife granted freedom to Maria Luisa, a mulatta slave of Sebastiana Esparza Cabral.

paragraph: He and his family had a prominent participation in the defense of Buenos Aires during the English invasions. He and his colleagues from the Court of Accounts refused to take oath to Beresford and participated in secret meetings organized by residents of the city.

paragraph: He also collaborated with the money donations organized by the Cabildo of Buenos Aires, chaired by Martín de Alzaga. His sons, José, Mariano, Manuel, and Joaquín participated in the defense of Buenos Aires in the regiments — Quinteros and Labradores, Húsares of Pueyrredón, Cántabros Montañeses and Tercio de Vizcaínos.

paragraph: The Friar Martin Esparza, a relative of Canaveris's wife, was killed by British troops during the second invasion in the interior of Convent of Santo Domingo.

paragraph: His granddaughter, Apolinaria Linera Canaveris was born during the English occupation of the city, and the sister of this, Mercedes Clara Linera Canaveris on August 12, 1807, anniversary of the reconquest.

paragraph: After the reconquest of Buenos Aires the members of the Court of Accounts took part in the dismissal of Rafael de Sobremonte as viceroy of the Río de la Plata. In 1808, his son Mariano Canaveris, hero of the reconquest and second lieutenant graduated from the 1st Battalion of Husares, requested permission to join the ranks of the Escuadrón de Carabineros de Carlos IV.

paragraph: Canaveris was one of neighbors who attending the open Cabildo of May 22 of 1810 (May Revolution), event that gave rise to the Argentine Republic. He belonged to the moderate group that wanted the cabildo to assume the government until it could be returned to the Spanish Crown. He reproduced the vote of Feliciano Chiclana in favor of dismissing the Viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros. After issuing his vote, followed the votes of Hilario Ramos, who adhered to the vote of Saavedra, and Justo Pastor Lynch, a supporter of the continuity of Cisneros.

paragraph: The wife of Canaveris, Bernarda de Esparza was a distant relative of Antonio Beruti and Domingo French, two of the leaders of the revolution.

paragraph: Canaveris was the only Italian who participated in the Open Cabildo of 1810. Among illustrious neighbors who attended the May 22 meeting were Juan José Castelli, Joaquín Belgrano, Juan José Viamonte, Eugenio José Balbastro, Ildefonso Ramos Mexía y Ross and Martín Jacobo Thompson.

paragraph: Juan Canaveris also devoted himself to agriculture, he was the owner of a farm in the town of San Isidro, their lands were in the vicinity of the hacienda of Miguel de Azcuénaga, personal friend of Canaveris and his family. He also owned lands in the town of Quilmes, being one of the few residents of that town, who had participated in the open cabildo of 1810.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Juan Canaveris was married to Catalina Bernarda de Esparza, a noble woman, daughter of Juan Miguel de Esparza and María Eugenia Sánchez. His wedding was celebrated on May 4, 1772 in the Cathedral of Buenos Aires by José Antonio Acosta, a distinguished parish priest of the city.

paragraph: He and his wife lived in the neighborhood of San Nicolás, had twelve children, six boys and six girls, born between 1773 and 1797, María Ramona Canaveris, María Antonia Canaveris, María Dominga Canaveris, Juan Miguel Canaveris (1778-1803), godson of Mariano Olier, Juan Joseph Canaveris, María Eugenia Canaveris, , Manuel Canaveris, Joaquín Canaveris, Juana Josefa Canaveris, José Mariano de la Cruz Canaveris and María de la Encarnación Canaveris, married to Alejo Menchaca, native of Biscay.

paragraph: The house of Juan Canaveris was located in the vicinity of the Fonda de los Tres Reyes, the main inn in the city in early 1800. He and his wife were fervent catholics, belonged to the Orden de la Merced, and were the founders of a chaplaincy in the city. His daughters, María Antonia and Dominga Canaveris, belonged to the religious order of Saint Dominic.

paragraph: His sons and daughters were related to families of Amoedo, Achinelly, Bayá, Cuyar, Lezcano, Linera, Marull, Michelena, Pelliza and Vitón.

paragraph: Juan Canaveris and Bernarda Catalina de Esparza were the grandparents of Sinforoso Amoedo, a medical doctor, who died during the yellow fever epidemic of 1871, and Ángel Canaveris, a prestigious doctor in psychiatry, head of the mental Hospital Vilardebó in 1879. His family also was related to Domingo Matheu, member of the Primera Junta, who was godfather of María del Carmen, María de la Candelaria, Mariano Domingo and María Antonia Bayá Canaveris.

paragraph: Cristina Francisca Axa Canaveris, a great-granddaughter of Juan Canaveris, was married to Pedro Vicente Acevedo Echevarria, grandson of Vicente Anastasio Echevarría, secretary of the Assembly of the Year XIII.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Giovanni Canaveri had emigrated from the Province of Cuneo, Piedmont to Republic of Genoa in times of Charles Emmanuel III, and settled in France, Provence region (reign of Louis XV), later in Spain and then in Buenos Aires during the reign of Charles III. Although his surname is not Irish or British, at least one of his four grandparents were of Anglo-Irish origin, probably related to the Brigades that served during the 16th to 18th centuries in Flanders, Savoy, France and Spain.

paragraph: Canaveris, Canaveriis o Canaveri is a toponymic surname, present in antiquity in North Italy and France, including the regions of the Île-de-France, Aquitaine, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. The variant

paragraph: "Canavery", is exclusively found in ancient records of Argentina and France.

paragraph: The surname "Jugluns", possible variant of Jungius or Juggins, belonged to families of the South West France and Northwest Europe.

paragraph: Juan de Canaveris used a large number of variants of his surname, signing documents such as Canavero, Canavé, Canaven, Canaberis, Canavery and others. He died on August 22, 1822, being buried in the Iglesia de la Merced. His wife, Bernarda Catalina de Esparza died several years later. Through his descendants his lineage was linked to distinguished families of Buenos Aires, like the Achinelly-Cunningham, Alvarado Périchon, Armstrong, Casablanca, Guevara-Lynch, Halliburton-Wright, Kennedy, Lagleyze, Lamela, Medina, Peralta Ramos, Reynolds-Newton, Rogers, Saravi, Warnes, Terry, Thompson and Yateman's.

paragraph: The Canaveris family took an active part in the birth of the economic institutions of Argentina, including the National bank and Casa de Moneda de la República Argentina. Juan Manuel Bayá Canaveris (1800-1860) was one of the first stock brokers in Buenos Aires. He traveled through several European countries including Paris and London, and he participated in the founding of Buenos Aires Stock Exchange in 1854.

paragraph: This family was also involved in the establishment of the railways in Buenos Aires (public deeds), including the Lacroze Railroad. In 1890 two great-grandchildren of Juan Canaveris adhered to the sale of the Ferrocarril Oeste de Buenos Aires to British companies.

paragraph: General Enrique Mosconi Canavery, a maternal great-grandson of Juan Canaveris and Bernarda Esparza, and whose father engineer took part in the construction of Central Argentine Railway, was president of Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales, and served between 1906 and 1908, in the German Army as Captain in the 1st Battalion of Pioners of Westphalian.

paragraph: Pedro Canaveri and Zoilo Canavery, great-great grandchildren of Juan Canaveris were precursors of the Argentine soccer. Another member of the family linked to the sport was Carlos M. Canaveris, who integrated the First Directive Commission of the Club Atlético y Tiro Federal of Puan in 1907.

paragraph: Some members of the Canaveris Esparza family, including the Canavery-Castillo and Amoedo-Canaveri are buried in the Recoleta Cemetery.

description: Italian notary and functionary, or official, for the viceroyalty of Río de la Plata

wikidata_label: Juan Canaverys

wikipedia_title: Juan de Canaveris


text:
piano
synthesizer
free improvisation
contemporary music
Marcus Schmickler
Keith Rowe
John Butcher
Phil Minton
Phil Durrant
Radu Malfatti
Axel Dörner
Cor Fuhler
Gerry Hemingway
Andy Moor
The Ex
M.I.M.E.O.
free improvisation
Konk Pack
John Butcher
Andy Moor
Official Site
A Profile
Konk Pack

categories: 1958 births,Cologne University of Music alumni,Electroacoustic improvisation,German experimental musicians,Free improvisation,Living people

paragraph: Thomas Lehn

paragraph: Thomas Lehn (born 1958) is a German piano and synthesizer player active in free improvisation and contemporary music.

paragraph: Lehn has recorded with Marcus Schmickler, Keith Rowe, John Butcher, Phil Minton, Phil Durrant, Radu Malfatti, Axel Dörner, Cor Fuhler, Gerry Hemingway, and Andy Moor of The Ex. He is a member of the electronic orchestra M.I.M.E.O..

paragraph: In 1997 Lehn formed a free improvisation band Konk Pack. They have released three CDs.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thermal" (with John Butcher /Andy Moor) (2001, CD, Unsounds)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Konk Pack.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Big Deep" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Warp Out" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Off Leash" (2005)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Konk Pack

description: German musician

wikidata_label: Thomas Lehn

wikipedia_title: Thomas Lehn


text:
Hittite Empire
Hattusili III
Puduhepa
Hattusa
Nerikkaili
Muwatalli II
Kurunta
Tarhuntassa
Alacahöyük
Tukulti-Ninurta I
Battle of Nihriya
Maathorneferure
fell
Sea People
History of the Hittites
Reign of Tudhaliya IV

paragraph: Tudḫaliya IV

paragraph: Tudhaliya IV was a king of the Hittite Empire (New kingdom), and the younger son of Hattusili III. He reigned c. 1237–1209 BCE. His mother was the great queen, Puduhepa.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Tudhaliya was likely born in his father's court in Hattusa, after his brother and crown prince Nerikkaili, but still while their father was governing on his brother Muwatalli II's behalf. He was a good friend of Muwatalli's son, Kurunta, and Hattusili ordered that they stay on good terms.

paragraph: After Hattusili as King wrote up a treaty with "Ulmi-Tessup" which confirmed Kurunta's rule over Tarhuntassa, Hattusili elevated Tudhaliya over his older brother to be his crown prince. Tudhaliya as king drew up a bronze tablet treaty confirming the links between him and Kurunta. During his reign, 13 dams were built after a severe drought, one of which still survives to this day at Alacahöyük.

paragraph: He suffered a severe defeat at the hands of Tukulti-Ninurta I of Assyria in the Battle of Nihriya, c. 1230 BCE.

paragraph: Tudhaliya had a sister, queen Maathorneferure of Egypt. He had two sons, who were the last two kings of the Hittites before their empire fell due to the Sea People.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of the Hittites

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reign of Tudhaliya IV

description: Hittite King

wikidata_label: Tudhaliya IV

wikipedia_title: Tudḫaliya IV


text: football

text: punter

text: Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders

text: National Football League

text: University of Southern Mississippi

text: NFL Draft

text: College Football Hall of Fame

text: Pro Football Hall of Fame

text: Jan Stenerud

text: Utah

text: Chicago College All-Star Game

text: safety

text: NFL Draft

text: Super Bowl XVIII

text: George Blanda

text: Pro Football Hall of Fame

text: College Football Hall of Fame

text: Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame

text: Ray Guy Award

text: Super Bowl ring

text: "Rayguypuntingcamps.com"

text: "ProKicker.com"

text: Ray Guy's Southern Miss career

categories: American Conference Pro Bowl players,1949 births,American football punters,Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees,National High School Hall of Fame inductees,Southern Miss Golden Eagles football players,Los Angeles Raiders players,Super Bowl champions,Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state),College Football Hall of Fame inductees,Oakland Raiders players,Living people,Sportspeople from Augusta, Georgia

paragraph: Ray Guy

paragraph: William Ray Guy (born December 22, 1949) is an American former football punter for the Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). Guy was a unanimous All-American selection in 1972 as a senior at the University of Southern Mississippi, and was the first pure punter ever to be drafted in the first round of the NFL Draft, when the Oakland Raiders selected him with the 23rd overall pick in 1973. Guy was elected to both the College Football Hall of Fame and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2014. A six-time NFL All-Pro, Guy is widely considered to be the greatest punter of all time.

paragraph: With his induction to the Hall of Fame on August 2, 2014, he became only the second pure kicker (after Jan Stenerud) and the first pure punter so honored.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: He was both a punter and a placekicker at Southern Mississippi, once kicking a then-record 61-yard field goal in a snowstorm during a game in Utah.

paragraph: In 1972, he kicked a 93-yard punt in a game against the University of Mississippi. After his senior season at Southern Miss, Guy was named Most Valuable Player of the 1973 Chicago College All-Star Game, in which an all-star team of college seniors played the current Super Bowl champion. He was also a starting safety at Southern Miss; during his senior season, he intercepted a USM record eight passes, and was named an All-American defensive back.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Guy was the first punter ever to be selected in the first round in the NFL Draft, in 1973.

paragraph: Ray Guy was selected to seven Pro Bowl teams, and in 1994, he was named the punter on the National Football League's 75th Anniversary Team. His trademark was kicking punts that stayed in the air for so long that by the time the punt returner was able to field it, the Raiders' coverage unit had the field covered so well that a return was not possible. Guy's punts often left opposing offenses pinned in their own end of the field. The statistic for hang time was instituted in the NFL during his career, reportedly because of him. Joe Horrigan, the historian of the Pro Football Hall of Fame once said: "He's the first punter you could look at and say: 'He won games.'"

paragraph: In Super Bowl XVIII, Guy punted seven times for 299 yards (42.7 average), with 244 net yards (34.8 average) and planted five of his seven punts inside the 20. Due in part to his effective punting, the Los Angeles Raiders easily won the game, 38-9.

paragraph: Guy also played quarterback in his early years; for much of his career he was the Raiders' emergency quarterback, replacing kicker-quarterback George Blanda in this position. During the early part of Guy's career, he would occasionally do kickoffs for the Raiders because the aging Blanda no longer had great range.

paragraph: At the 1976 Pro Bowl, Guy became the first punter to hit the Louisiana Superdome video screen. Officials raised the screen from 90 feet to 200 feet. The NFC team pulled the ball and had it tested for helium; it was filled with regular air.

paragraph: In his 13-year career, Guy:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Played in 207 consecutive games

paragraph: BULLET::::- Punted 1,049 times for 44,493 yards, averaging 42.4 yards per punt, with a 33.8 net yards average

paragraph: BULLET::::- Had 210 punts inside the 20-yard line (not counting his first 3 seasons, when the NFL did not keep track of this stat), with just 128 touchbacks

paragraph: BULLET::::- Led the NFL in punting three times

paragraph: BULLET::::- Had a streak of 619 consecutive punts before having one blocked

paragraph: BULLET::::- Has a record of 111 career punts in post season games

paragraph: BULLET::::- Had five punts of over 60 yards during the 1981 season

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Guy was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame as part of the class of 2014 on August 2, 2014. For many years before his induction in 2014, he was considered one of the most worthy players who had not yet been selected for the Pro Football Hall of Fame. In 1994, he was the first pure punter to be nominated for enshrinement. In his enshrinement speech, he proudly proclaimed, "Now the Hall of Fame has a complete team."

paragraph: Guy has been inducted into both the Mississippi and Georgia Sports Halls of Fame, the National High School Sports Hall of Fame, and the College Football Hall of Fame. On April 21, 2008, Guy was inducted into the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Career statistics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Regular season

paragraph: Section::::Ray Guy Award.

paragraph: In 2000, the Greater Augusta Sports Council instituted the Ray Guy Award, to be awarded to the nation's best collegiate punter. Since many collegiate punters nominated for the Ray Guy Award are either former students or work at his kicking camps, Guy himself does not participate in the voting process to avoid accusations of favoritism.

paragraph: Section::::Pro kicking camps.

paragraph: In 2005, Guy helped organize and participated in two-day kicking camps, held throughout the United States, for high-school punters, placekickers, and longsnappers. In 2007, the camp was once again held on the campus of Colorado College. He has help from son Ryan Guy.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Guy was married to Beverly Guy. The couple has two children, Ryan and Amber.

paragraph: On August 14, 2011, Guy filed for bankruptcy and was forced to put up his Super Bowl rings for auction. The auction of the rings brought in $96,216, slightly higher than the upper estimate of 90K.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rayguypuntingcamps.com"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "ProKicker.com"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ray Guy's Southern Miss career

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""The Guy Behind Guy"" - Article about the Ray Guy Award statue

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Closer Look at Ray Guy’s Hall of Fame Candidacy" at NY Times blog

description: American football player, punter

wikidata_label: Ray Guy

wikipedia_title: Ray Guy


text:
ancient Egypt
pharaoh
Third Dynasty
Old Kingdom
Hellenized
Manetho
Nebka
Wadi Maghareh
Sinai Peninsula
mastaba
Beit Khallaf
graffito
Manetho
Turin Canon
Abydos
Djoser
Nimaethap
Khasekhemwy
Toby Wilkinson
Kenneth Kitchen
Rainer Stadelmann
cartouche
Wolfgang Helck
Khaba
Mesochris
Hellenized
Jürgen von Beckerath
Peter Kaplony
Horus Sa
Weneg
Ernest Wallis Budge
Ramesses II
Wadi Maghareh
Sekhemkhet
turquoise
mastaba
Beit Khallaf
Charles S. Myers
cranial index
brachycephalic
pyramid of Djoser
pituitary disease
acromegaly
gigantism
palaeopathologist
List of Pharaohs
List of Egyptian pyramids
List of megalithic sites
Egyptian kings: Sanakht

categories: 27th-century BC Pharaohs,Pharaohs of the Third Dynasty of Egypt

paragraph: Sanakht

paragraph: Sanakht (also read as Hor-Sanakht) was an ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) of the Third Dynasty during the Old Kingdom. His chronological position is highly uncertain, and it is also unclear under which Hellenized name the ancient historian Manetho could have listed him. Many Egyptologists connect Sanakht with the Ramesside cartouche name "Nebka". However, this remains disputed because no further royal title of that king has ever been found; either in contemporary source or later ones. There are two relief fragments depicting Sanakht originally from the Wadi Maghareh on the Sinai Peninsula.

paragraph: Section::::Identity.

paragraph: Sanakht's identity and position in the Third Dynasty is not entirely clear and remains the subject of debate. While Sanakht's existence is attested by seal fragments from mastaba K2 at Beit Khallaf and a graffito, his position as the founder of the Third Dynasty, as recorded by Manetho and the Turin Canon, has been seriously undermined by recent archaeological discoveries at Abydos. These discoveries establish that it was likely Djoser who helped bury—and thus succeed—Khasekhemwy, rather than Sanakht. This is determined from seals bearing Djoser's name found at the entrance to the latter's tomb.

paragraph: Proponents of the theory that Sanakht was nonetheless the founder of the dynasty object that the presence of Djoser's seals in Khasekhemwy's tomb only shows that Djoser conducted cultural rituals in honor of this king, and does not necessarily imply that Djoser was Khasekhemwy's immediate successor. Sanakht could then have married Queen Nimaethap, with Nimaethap being the daughter of Khasekhemwy rather than his wife. Together with Sanakht, they could be the parents of Djoser. Alternatively, some have considered Sanakht to be Djoser's elder brother.

paragraph: Presently, the dominant theory is that Sanakht's reign dates to the later Third Dynasty, after Djoser. Egyptologists Toby Wilkinson, Stephan Seidlmayer, Kenneth Kitchen and Rainer Stadelmann equate Sanakht with "Nebka", a name appearing in Ramesside king lists. In support of this theory is a clay seal fragment on which the lower part of a cartouche appears. In this cartouche Wilkinson, Seidlmayer and Stadelmann see traces of a "Ka"-sign, the end of the name "Nebka". Likewise, Dietrich Wildung favors equating Nebka with Sanakht, although he questions the validity of the seal as evidence given that it is too badly damaged to read the inscription within the cartouche as "Nebka" with any certainty.

paragraph: John D. Degreef, Nabil Swelim and Wolfgang Helck are against equating Nebka with Sanakht. They refer to the fact that the name "Nebka" is not attested on any monument nor in any document dating to before Djoser. Instead, Nabil Swelim identifies Nebka with the Horus name Khaba. He further identifies Sanakht with a king "Mesochris" mentioned by Manetho, regarding this as a Hellenized form of the throne name of Sanakht. He dated Sanakht's reign to between the seventh and eighth king of the Third Dynasty.

paragraph: Jürgen von Beckerath, Wolfgang Helck, Dietrich Wildung and Peter Kaplony proposed that Sanakht's Horus name is that of the shadowy "Horus Sa", seeing the name "Sa" as a short form of "Sanakht". From this, Wolfgang Helck holds that Sanakht's Nisut-Biti name was Weneg. King Weneg however, is widely held to have ruled during the Second Dynasty and Helck's theory has been greeted with skepticism.

paragraph: Sanakht's name was once read "Hen Nekht" by Egyptologists such as Ernest Wallis Budge. Today, this reading is not in use anymore; the up-to-date reading is "Sanakht" or (seldomly) "Nakht-Sa".

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: The exact duration of Sanakht's time on the throne is unknown. Unlike Djoser, few relics survive from his reign, which casts serious doubts on the traditional figure of 18 years of reign for this king, as given by both Manetho and the Turin Canon. It must be stressed that the Turin Canon and Manetho were more than one and two thousand years removed from the time of Egypt's Third Dynasty, and would be expected to contain some inaccurate or unreliable data. The Turin Canon, for instance, was transcribed on papyri that dates to the reign of the New Kingdom king, Ramesses II, who ruled Egypt from 1279-1213 BC.

paragraph: Very little is known of Sanakht's activities during his reign. The presence of reliefs depicting him in the Sinai at Wadi Maghareh together with those of Djoser and Sekhemkhet suggest an important Egyptian presence there at the time of the Third Dynasty. Expeditions were launched to that location for the procurement of mineral resources, in particular turquoise.

paragraph: Section::::Tomb.

paragraph: The location of Sanakht's tomb is not known with certainty. It was long thought that Sanakht's tomb was the large mastaba K2 at Beit Khallaf, as excavations there yielded relief fragments bearing his name. However, some Egyptologists now regard this mastaba as the burial of a high official, prince or queen rather than that of a pharaoh, while others continue to support the first hypothesis.

paragraph: In the mastaba were found the skeletal remains of a man over tall. According to Charles S. Myers, this stature was considerably taller than the average of prehistoric and later Egyptians. The specimen's skull was very large and capacious. Although his cranial index was unusually broad and almost brachycephalic, the proportions of his long bones were tropically adapted like those of most other ancient Egyptians; especially those from the predynastic period. His overall cranial features, however, were closer to those of dynastic period Egyptian skulls.

paragraph: Consequently, the mastaba has been associated with an anecdote related by Manetho in which he tells of a late Second Dynasty king, called "Sesochris", who he describes as being particularly tall. The Egyptologist Wolfgang Helck proposed another hypothesis; namely, that Sanakht's tomb is an unfinished structure west of the pyramid of Djoser.

paragraph: While the case of Sanakht has often appeared in the medical literature as a potential case of pituitary disease, no definitive consensus has existed for many years on whether it was acromegaly or gigantism. In 2017 palaeopathologist Francesco M. Galassi and Egyptologist Michael E. Habicht from Zurich University's Institute of Evolutionary Medicine coordinated an international team of researchers to reassess this case. Their conclusion was that the alleged remains of Sanakht are clearly the oldest known case of gigantism in the world.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Pharaohs

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Egyptian pyramids

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of megalithic sites

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Egyptian kings: Sanakht

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Sanakht

wikipedia_title: Sanakht


text:
Maidstone
Kent
mogul skiing
French
France
moguls
Winter Olympics 2014
Official website

categories: Universiade bronze medalists for France,University of Savoy alumni,Competitors at the 2019 Winter Universiade,Living people,Universiade gold medalists for France,Olympic freestyle skiers of France,People from Maidstone,Freestyle skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics,1994 births,French male freestyle skiers,Universiade medalists in freestyle skiing,Freestyle skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Benjamin Cavet

paragraph: Benjamin Cavet (born 1 January 1994 in Maidstone, Kent) is a freestyle skier specialising in mogul skiing. At the age of 10 he moved to France with his parents and joined the Chatel ski club. He became a French citizen in 2012, after not having been offered funding from the UK. He competed for France in the moguls at the Winter Olympics 2014.

paragraph: In 2014, he was placed eighth in the Sochi Winter Olympics, had his first podium in World Cup in La Plagne, France and also became Junior World Champion in dual moguls.

paragraph: In 2016, Ben was on the podium three times and finished third overall in the FIS World Cup series.

paragraph: The season 2016-17 has been the most successful yet for Ben Cavet; he was on the podium six times in World Cup Moguls and finished 2nd overall. At the World Championships in Sierra Nevada, Spain, he was crowned vice-world champion.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website archived 16 March 2016

description: French freestyle skier

wikidata_label: Benjamin Cavet

wikipedia_title: Benjamin Cavet


text:
Sacré-Cœur, Paris
Georges Rohault de Fleury
Charles Rohault de Fleury
Hubert Rohault de Fleury
Réunion
Calcutta
Jakarta
Martinique
Haiti
École Polytechnique
French Revolution of 1848
Panama
Notre Dame de Lorette
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
Salon
Franco-Prussian War
Sacré-Coeur Basilica
Joseph-Hippolyte Guibert
Paul Abadie
National Library of France
Georges Rohault de Fleury

categories: 1828 births,1910 deaths,19th-century French painters,French male painters

paragraph: Hubert Rohault de Fleury (painter)

paragraph: Hubert-Jean-Baptiste Rohault de Fleury (26 December 1828 – 11 October 1910) was a French painter and philanthropist. He was one of the initiators of the Basilica of Sacré-Cœur, Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Hubert Rohault de Fleury was born in the 8th arrondissement of Paris on 26 December 1828.

paragraph: His brother was Georges Rohault de Fleury (1835–1904), who shared his deep religious beliefs.

paragraph: Their father was Charles Rohault de Fleury (1801–1875) and their grandfather Hubert Rohault de Fleury (1777–1846), both architects.

paragraph: His mother died in 1840, and his adolescence was difficult. At the age of 16 he gained permission from his father to join the merchant marine as an apprentice officer.

paragraph: He traveled from Le Havre to Réunion, Calcutta, and Jakarta. After returning, he signed up for a voyage to Martinique and Haiti. On returning he resumed his studies of mathematics, planning to study at the École Polytechnique, but was unable to do so due to the French Revolution of 1848. In November 1848 he became an apprentice officer in the navy, and was sent to Panama where he came under the wing of the commandant Belvèze, an old family friend. He helped with the transport of troops to Italy in 1849.

paragraph: Rohault de Fleury was not satisfied with the seagoing life. He tried to go into business but failed. He became absorbed in painting and drawing, which became a lifetime occupation. He met Louise Marcotte, and they were married at Notre Dame de Lorette in 1857.

paragraph: Louise Marie Chantal Marcotte (1833–1873) was the second daughter of Charles Marcotte d'Argenteuil, the friend and benefactor of Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres.

paragraph: Ingres drew a portrait of Louise Marie in 1868, and ten years later drew a portrait of Hubert Rohault de Fleury.

paragraph: A first child, Jacques, was born in 1858. Louise had a miscarriage in 1862, then gave birth to Charlotte in 1864.

paragraph: After this they decided to have no more children.

paragraph: Rohault de Fleury became increasingly involved in the religious life. He exhibited once at the Salon in 1863 and was well-received, but although he continued to paint he did not attempt to sell his work.

paragraph: At the start of the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) Hubert Rohault de Fleury and Alexandre Legentil vowed to finance construction of the Sacré-Coeur Basilica if France was spared from assault. Despite the defeat of France, the country was not invaded and occupied.

paragraph: After the situation had calmed down, Legentil and Rohault de Fleury, who were brothers-in-law, soon obtained approval for the project from the Catholic Church. It was taken up with enthusiasm by Cardinal Joseph-Hippolyte Guibert, the new archbishop of Paris.

paragraph: Work on the basilica started in 1875 to a design by Paul Abadie.

paragraph: Rohault de Fleury's wife died in 1873 and his father died in 1875.

paragraph: He dedicated the remainder of his life to the construction of Sacré Coeur.

paragraph: Falling ill in 1905 he retired to his daughter's home in Sceaux, where he died in 1910.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: Hubert Rohault de Fleury was the author of the following publications:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Souvenirs de 1870–1871", par H. Rohault de Fleury National Library of France

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Historique de la basilique du Sacré-Coeur, pièces et documents" réunis par H. Rohault de Fleury, ... Tome IV. 1891–1895 National Library of France

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Basilique du Sacré-Coeur de Jésus à Montmartre" National Library of France

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Un nouvel exploit de Mlle Jacqueline". [Par H. Rohaut de Fleury.] National Library of France

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Commandant de Belvèze. Lettres choisies dans sa correspondance. 1824–1875". (Publiées par Hubert et Georges Rohault de Fleury.) National Library of France

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quelques histoires", par H. Rohault de Fleury (1) National Library of France

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Citations

paragraph: Sources

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Hubert Rohault de Fleury

wikipedia_title: Hubert Rohault de Fleury (painter)


text: uilleann piper

text: low whistle

text: Irish flute

text: The London Philharmonic Orchestra

text: The London Symphony Orchestra

text: Nitin Sawhney

text: Irish Flute

text: Uilleann pipes

text: Tin whistle

text: Low Whistle

text: Official Website for Calum Stewart

text: Calum Stewart

text: MusicBrainz

paragraph: Calum Stewart

paragraph: Calum Stewart (born 1982) is an uilleann piper, low whistle, Irish flute player and composer, from Garmouth in Scotland, who performs primarily traditional Scottish, Irish and Celtic music.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Brought up in a musical household, Calum Stewart's powerful and lyrical playing style is rooted in the traditional music of his native northern Scotland. His distinct musical voice has been developed through collaborations within the English, Scottish, Irish, Breton and Scandinavian traditions.

paragraph: In demand as a concert and recording artist, Calum has recorded and performed with The London Philharmonic Orchestra, The London Symphony Orchestra and Nitin Sawhney.

paragraph: Calum Stewart regularly performs with Breton guitarist Heikki Bourgault.

paragraph: Since 2014 he is also a member of the Band of Angelo Kelly (Kelly Family) and performs with him on his tours Irish Christmas & Irish Summer. He also worked with Angelo Kelly on his studio Albums Irish Christmas (2016) and Irish Heart (2018).

paragraph: Section::::Instruments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wooden Flute (aka Irish Flute)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Uilleann pipes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Whistle (aka Tin whistle)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Low Whistle

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Calum Stewart albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Earlywood (2008, Earlywood Music)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tales from the North (2017)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Calum Stewart & Heikki Bourgault albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calum Stewart & Heikki Bourgault (2010, Legba Prod)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hunter's Moon (2014, Full Spate Music)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Other recording collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wooden Flute and Fiddle (Calum Stewart & Lauren MacColl) 2012 Make Believe Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- North by East (Calum Stewart & Gareth Davies-Jones) 2012 Heading West Music

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Other recordings.

paragraph: Calum Stewart has also appeared on:

paragraph: BULLET::::- OK Pewter (Mabon), 2007 Easy on the Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bridges (Katie Doherty), 2007 Park Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Live at the Grand Pavilion (Mabon), 2010 Easy on the Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mànran (Mànran), 2011 Mànran records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Windblown (Jamie Smith's Mabon), 2012 Easy on the Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manannan's Cloak (Barrule), 2015 Easy on the Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irish Christmas (Angelo Kelly), 2016 Flowfish records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irish Heart (Angelo Kelly), 2018 Electrola

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website for Calum Stewart & Heikki Bourgault

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calum Stewart on MusicBrainz

description: composer of traditional Scottish, Irish & Celtic music

wikidata_label: Calum Stewart

wikipedia_title: Calum Stewart


text: Queensland

text: Hobart

text: Van Diemen's Land

text: Tasmania

text: Launceston Grammar School

text: St John's Anglican Cathedral

text: Brisbane

text: Queensland

text: Benjamin Glennie

text: George Harris

text: George Thorn (senior)

text: Newstead House

text: Sandgate

text: Richard Gavin Gardner Casey

text: Governor-General of Australia

text: 1888 colonial election

text: Queensland Legislative Assembly

text: electoral district of Warrego

text: 1893 election

text: Honolulu

text: Hawaii

categories: 1846 births,Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly

paragraph: Richard Casey (Queensland politician)

paragraph: Richard Gardiner Casey (17 December 1846 – 25 April 1919) was a politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Richard Gardiner Casey was born on 17 December 1846 in Hobart, Van Diemen's Land (present day Tasmania), the son of Dr Cornelius Gavin Casey and his wife Letitia (née Gardiner).

paragraph: Casey was educated at Hobart High School and Launceston Grammar School.

paragraph: On 23 May 1888, Richard Gardiner Casey married Evelyn Jane Harris at St John's Anglican Cathedral, Brisbane, Queensland; the service was conducted by the Rev. Benjamin Glennie. Evelyn was the daughter of George Harris (a Member of the Queensland Legislative Council) and granddaughter of George Thorn (senior) of the Normanby pastoral station (a Member of the Queensland Legislative Council). The reception was held at the bride's parents' residence, Newstead House (then one of Brisbane's finest homes), after which the couple left for a honeymoon at Sandgate, then a popular beachside holiday resort.

paragraph: The couple had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Gavin Gardner Casey (1890–1976), a Governor-General of Australia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eileen Ruth Evelyn Casey (1893–1894)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dermot Armstrong Casey (1897–1977)

paragraph: Section::::Politics.

paragraph: On 19 May 1888 (the 1888 colonial election) Casey was elected to the Queensland Legislative Assembly in the electoral district of Warrego. He held the seat until the 1893 election.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: On returning from England to Australia in 1919 on the , Casey was taken ill and taken ashore in Honolulu, Hawaii where he died on 25 April 1919.

description: Australian politician

wikidata_label: Richard Casey

wikipedia_title: Richard Casey (Queensland politician)