text: Columbia, South Carolina

text: United States Army

text: Francis Lieber

text: Lieber Code

text: University of South Carolina

text: Harvard Law School

text: Civil War

text: George B. McClellan

text: Battle of Gaines' Mill

text: Second Battle of Bull Run

text: judge advocate

text: Department of the Gulf

text: New Orleans

text: Judge Advocate General

text: U.S. Military Academy

text: Judge Advocate General

text: William McKinley

text: Spanish–American War

categories: United States Army generals,University of South Carolina alumni,1837 births,People of South Carolina in the American Civil War,American people of German descent,Union Army officers,People of New York (state) in the American Civil War,United States Military Academy faculty,1923 deaths,Harvard Law School alumni,American judges

paragraph: Guido Norman Lieber

paragraph: Guido Norman Lieber (21 May 1837, Columbia, South Carolina – April 25, 1923) was a United States Army lawyer and jurist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was the son of jurist Francis Lieber, who developed the Lieber Code governing conduct of soldiers in wartime. He graduated from the University of South Carolina in 1856, and at Harvard Law School in 1859, and in that year was admitted to the bar of New York.

paragraph: At the beginning of the Civil War he became 1st lieutenant in the 11th infantry, U.S. Army, and was appointed regimental adjutant, and served during the peninsular campaign under George B. McClellan, being brevetted captain for gallantry at the Battle of Gaines' Mill on 27 June 1862. He was with his regiment at the Second Battle of Bull Run, being then appointed aide-de-camp to the general-in-chief. In 1862 he was appointed major and judge advocate, and he served in this capacity in the Department of the Gulf, being present in the Teche and Red River campaigns. For gallantry during the latter he received another brevet, and he was brevetted a third time for services during the war. He also served as adjutant general of the department, and as judge of the provost court in New Orleans. He was then transferred to the Judge Advocate General's office in Washington.

paragraph: He was appointed assistant to his father in the Bureau of Confederate Archives. He afterward served as judge advocate of various military departments and divisions, being, when stationed in New York, one of the founders of the Military service institution. He was professor of law at the U.S. Military Academy from 1878 until 1882, when he was assigned to duty in Washington in the Bureau of Military Justice. In 1884 he was appointed Assistant Judge Advocate General, with the rank of colonel, and was on duty as Acting Judge Advocate General of the U.S. Army. In 1895, he was promoted to brigadier general and served as Judge Advocate General until 1901, in which capacity he was one of the most valuable advisers of President William McKinley during the Spanish–American War.

paragraph: Lieber was a member (Companion No. 05226) of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, the first post-Civil War veterans' organization, founded by and for men who had served as commissioned officers in the armed forces of the Union.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: His publications include several important treatises on the laws of war, such as "The Use of the Army in Aid of the Civil Power" (1898), and "Remarks on the Army Regulations" (1898).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Personal Library of Brigadier General Guido Norman Lieber via Library of Congress

description: United States general

wikidata_label: Guido Norman Lieber

wikipedia_title: Guido Norman Lieber


text: Irish

text: Sir James Butler

text: Lady Margaret FitzGerald

text: Sir James Butler

text: Henry VII

text: High Sheriff of County Kilkenny

text: knight

text: Kilkenny Castle

text: Margaret FitzGerald

text: pardon

text: Senechal

text: Liberty

text: James Butler, 9th Baron Dunboyne

text: Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormonde

text: Lord Treasurer

text: Thomas Boleyn

text: Anne

text: Henry VIII of England

text: Thomas Wolsey

text: Ossory

text: St Canice's Cathedral

text: Kilkenny city

text: Lady Margaret FitzGerald

text: penury

text: 7th Earl

text: James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond

text: Lady Joan FitzGerald

text: James FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Desmond

text: Theobald Butler

text: Dermoid Mac Shane

text: MacGillaPatrick

text: Upper Ossory

text: Earl of Desmond

text: Baron Dunboyne

text: Gerald Fitzgerald, 3rd Lord Decies

text: James FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Desmond

text: Thomas Butler, 1st Baron Cahir

text: Donough O'Brien, 2nd Earl of Thomond

text: Edmund Butler

text: Archbishop of Cashel

text: Theobald Butler

text: Butler dynasty

text: Ashfield Gales

categories: Earls of Ormond (Ireland),Butler dynasty,16th-century Irish people,15th-century Irish people,High Sheriffs of County Kilkenny,People of the Tudor period,1460s births,1539 deaths

paragraph: Piers Butler, 8th Earl of Ormond

paragraph: Piers Butler, 8th Earl of Ormond, 1st Earl of Ossory (146726 August 1539) also known as (Irish "Piers Ruadh") Red Piers, was from the Polestown branch of the Butler family of Ireland.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He was the son of Sir James Butler, Lord Deputy of Ireland, Lord of the Manor of Advowson of Callan (1438–1487) and Sabh Kavanagh, Princess of Leinster, daughter of Donal Reagh Kavanagh, MacMurrough, King of Leinster (1396–1476). He married Lady Margaret FitzGerald, daughter of Gerald FitzMaurice FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare and had 9 children by that marriage: 3 sons and 6 daughters.

paragraph: Section::::Claims to the title.

paragraph: During the prolonged absence from Ireland of the earls, his father Sir James Butler (d. 1487) had laid claim to the Ormond land and titles. This had precipitated a crisis in the Ormond succession when the seventh earl later died without a male heir. On 20 March 1489, King Henry VII appointed him High Sheriff of County Kilkenny. He was knighted prior to September 1497. The following year (1498) he seized Kilkenny Castle and with his wife, Margaret FitzGerald (d. 1542), the dynamic daughter of the earl of Kildare, probably improved the living accommodation there. On 28 February 1498 he received a pardon for crimes committed in Ireland, including the murder of James Ormonde, heir to the 7th Earl. He was also made Senechal of the Liberty of Tipperary on 21 June 1505, succeeding his distant relation, James Butler, 9th Baron Dunboyne. On the death of Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormonde on 3 August 1515, Piers Butler became the 8th Earl of Ormond. On 6 March 1522, the King appointed him Chief Governor of Ireland as Lord Deputy; he held this office until 13 May 1524 when he became Lord Treasurer.

paragraph: Section::::Claims to the title.:Loss of title.

paragraph: One of the heirs general to the Ormond inheritance was Thomas Boleyn, whose mother was a Butler. Boleyn was the father of Anne, whose star was rising at the court of King Henry VIII of England. As the king wanted the titles of Ormond and Wiltshire for Thomas Boleyn, he induced Butler and his coheirs to resign their claims on 18 February 1528. Aided by the king's Chancellor, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, Butler was granted the earldom of Ossory.

paragraph: Section::::Claims to the title.:Restoration of title.

paragraph: On 22 February 1538, the earldom of Ormond was restored to him. He died on 26 August 1539 and was buried in St Canice's Cathedral, Kilkenny city .

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and Children.

paragraph: In about 1485, he married Lady Margaret FitzGerald, daughter of Gerald FitzMaurice FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare and Alison FitzEustace. The marriage was political; arranged with the purpose of healing the breach between the two families. In the early years of their marriage, Margaret and her husband were reduced to penury by James "Dubh" Butler, a nephew, heir to the earldom and agent of the absentee 7th Earl, who resided in England. Piers Butler retaliated by murdering James "Dubh" in an ambush in 1497. He was pardoned for his crime on 22 February 1498.

paragraph: They had 3 sons and six daughters.

paragraph: Sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond (1496–1546), also called "the lame", who married Lady Joan FitzGerald, daughter and heiress of James FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Desmond, and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Butler, 1st Viscount Mountgarret (150020 May 1571), married his first cousin Eleanor Butler, daughter of his uncle Theobald Butler. They had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Butler, who was slain by Dermoid Mac Shane, MacGillaPatrick of Upper Ossory, and left an only daughter Margaret, who was first married to Rory O'Moore of Laois and secondly to Sir Maurice Fitzgerald of Lackagh.

paragraph: Daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret Butler (daughter of 8th Earl of Ormond)|Margaret Butler, married firstly to Thomas, second son of the Earl of Desmond, and secondly to Barnaby Fitzpatrick, 1st Baron Upper Ossory and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine Butler {1506–1552/53} married Richard Lord Le Poer; parents of Lord John Le Poer-husband of Ellen, daughter of James 14th Earl of Desmond.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joan Butler (born 1528), married James Butler, 10th Baron Dunboyne.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ellice Butler (1481–1530). Married firstly to MacMorrish; and secondly in 1503 to Gerald Fitzgerald, 3rd Lord Decies (1482–1533), grandson of James FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Desmond.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleanor Butler, who married Thomas Butler, 1st Baron Cahir.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Helen Butler (1523–1597), (or Ellen) married Donough O'Brien, 2nd Earl of Thomond, son of Conor O'Brien, Prince of Thomond and Annabell de Burgh.

paragraph: The Earl had an illegitimate son, Edmund Butler, who became the Archbishop of Cashel.

paragraph: The Earl also had an illegitimate elder brother, Theobald Butler.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Butler dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ashfield Gales

alias:
Red Piers
Piers Ruadh

description: Irish nobleman

wikidata_label: Piers Butler, 8th Earl of Ormond

wikipedia_title: Piers Butler, 8th Earl of Ormond


text:
Worksop
John Rathbone
Derby
Barbara Hofland
Royal Academy
Society of British Artists
Erwash (sic)
Isaac Walton
Dovedale
Ebenezer Rhodes
Whiteknights
Barbara Hofland
Marquess of Blandford
Duke of Marlborough
Derby
Letitia Elizabeth Landon

categories: People from Worksop,English male painters,1777 births,18th-century English painters,1843 deaths

paragraph: Thomas Christopher Hofland

paragraph: Thomas Christopher Hofland (1777–1843) was an English artist and teacher.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Hofland was born in Worksop and he became a student of John Rathbone. He started teaching at Kew and moved to Derby in 1805, where he worked until 1808. He became the second husband of the successful writer Barbara Hofland in 1810. Hofland exhibited 72 paintings at the Royal Academy but the main source of their income was his wife's writing. He was a founder member of the Society of British Artists where he exhibited over 100 paintings. It was said that he helped found the Society, because he had not been made a member of the " Royal Academy". In 1819 Hofland illustrated a book written by his wife about the Duke of Marlborough's house.

paragraph: Hofland was a keen angler which he would combine with his skill for landscape painting.

paragraph: Hofland's book describes various counties but Hampshire and Derbyshire are selected for special mention. He lists the rivers of Derbyshire, covering the Erwash (sic) in a few sentences. The River Dove (that inspired Isaac Walton's famous book) and then page after page of Dovedale where he had spent many days sketching and angling in the company of fellow artists like Ebenezer Rhodes from Sheffield.

paragraph: The gardens of the Whiteknights estate were described in a book by Barbara Hofland with engraved pictures of the gardens and its multitude of bridges, fountains, seats and grottoes by Thomas Christopher Hofland. The book was ordered by the then Marquess of Blandford, later the 5th. Duke of Marlborough, but like many other items that he ordered or purchased, it was never paid for.

paragraph: Three years before he died he finally visited Italy. Hofland died of cancer in Leamington Spa.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Hofland's paintings and resulting engravings are in the Governments Art Collection and in museums or galleries in Portsmouth, Derby and Sheffield.

paragraph: Hofland's painting "Moonlight" inspired a poem of Letitia Elizabeth Landon published in The Literary Gazette (1824).

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A descriptive account of the mansion and gardens of White-Knights: a seat of His Grace the Duke of Marlborough. By Mrs. Hofland. Illustrated with twenty-three engravings, from pictures taken on the spot by T.C. Hofland 1819

alias:
Thomas Christopher Hoffland
Thomas Hofland
T.C. Hofland
Hofland
Hoffland
[Mr. Hofland]
Ofland

description: British painter

wikidata_label: Thomas Christopher Hofland

wikipedia_title: Thomas Christopher Hofland


text:
figures
portraits
still life
silversmith
Bradford
German Jewish
Frankfurt-am-Main
Slade School of Art
Alphonse Legros
Royal Academy
New English Art Club
New Gallery
Walker Art Gallery
Bradford
Bradford

categories: English silversmiths,1941 deaths,Artists from Bradford,English male painters,English male sculptors,19th-century English painters,English sculptors,1862 births,20th-century English painters,20th-century British sculptors,19th-century British sculptors

paragraph: Ernest Leopold Sichel

paragraph: Ernest Leopold Sichel (1862–1941), was a painter of figures, portraits and still life, a sculptor and silversmith, also a pastellist. Sichel was born in Bradford, Yorkshire, England on 27 June 1862 of German Jewish descent, son of a manufacturer from Frankfurt-am-Main.

paragraph: Sichel studied at Slade School of Art from 1877 to 1879, he studied under the tutelage of Alphonse Legros and later under J.M Swan.

paragraph: He exhibited his work at the Royal Academy from 1885 and at the New English Art Club from 1891. He also exhibited his work at the New Gallery and the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool.

paragraph: Sichel returned to Bradford around 1890 and worked for the rest of his life in the City.

paragraph: Ernest Leopold Sichel died on 21 March 1941, a memorial art exhibition of his work was held in Bradford in 1941.

description: painter

wikidata_label: Ernest Leopold Sichel

wikipedia_title: Ernest Leopold Sichel


text:
FRS
Wanlip Hall
High Sheriff of Leicestershire
Tunis
Wanlip Hall
River Soar
Surinam
South Sea Company
High Sheriff of Leicestershire
Wanlip
Sir John Richardson
Caroline Harriet Palmer
Charles Abraham
Law Lords
Master of the Rolls
his baronetcy
Charles Thomas

categories: Baronets in the Baronetage of Great Britain,People from Wanlip,1730 births,People from Tunis,1813 deaths,High Sheriffs of Leicestershire

paragraph: Sir Charles Hudson, 1st Baronet

paragraph: Charles Grave Hudson FRS (3 April 1730 – 24 October 1813) married well and became the owner of Wanlip Hall in Leicestershire. He was a director of the South Sea Company and became a High Sheriff of Leicestershire in 1783. He became a baronet on 21 June 1791.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Hudson was born in Tunis in 1730 to Joseph Hudson, a Dutch consul, and Sarah (born Plowman). Charles was the second and last child and only son.

paragraph: Hudson married Catherine Susanna Palmer and he and his wife inherited Wanlip Hall in Leicestershire as his wife was a co-heiress (and eldest of four daughters). Their new home had been built in about 1750. Because of the hall, Hudson had to make payments to his wife's sisters to balance the inheritance from his father-in-law, Henry Palmer. Hudson extended and improved this imposing building that stood beside the River Soar. Together they had eight children before Catherine died and Hudson married again.

paragraph: Hudson had interest in slave plantations in Surinam. He was also a director of the South Sea Company. He became a High Sheriff of Leicestershire in 1784 and a baronet in 1791.

paragraph: Hudson died in Wanlip in 1813.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: One of Hudson's daughters, Harriet, married Sir John Richardson who was a lawyer in August 1804 at Wanlip. Richardson became a judge. One of his granddaughters was Caroline Harriet Palmer. She feared that she would die a spinster after spending time nursing her mother. She went to New Zealand as the wife of Bishop Charles Abraham and she became a noted artist.

paragraph: After his death, his 1812 will was successfully challenged after it was considered by the Law Lords. The Master of the Rolls considered that his request that his executors pass on his wealth (2,500 pounds) to the children that were surviving 28 years after his death was too vague and remote.

paragraph: Wanlip Hall remained in the Palmer family and his baronetcy was passed down via the Palmer line. His son Charles Thomas took the name of Palmer. The hall was demolished in the twentieth century.

description: British Baronet

wikidata_label: Charles Grave Hudson, 1st Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir Charles Hudson, 1st Baronet


text:
American Civil War
Medal of Honor
assault on Fort Gregg
Buffalo, New York

categories: Year of birth unknown,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,Union Army officers,People of New York (state) in the American Civil War,Irish-born Medal of Honor recipients,Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923),Year of death unknown,American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor

paragraph: John Kane (Medal of Honor)

paragraph: John Kane was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Kane received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Kane's medal was won for gallantry during the assault on Fort Gregg on April 2, 1865. He was honored with the award on May 12, 1865.

paragraph: Kane was born in Ireland, and in August 1862 (at age 28) joined the US Army from Buffalo, New York. He mustered out with his regiment in June 1865.

description: Union Army soldier of the American Civil War, recipient of the Medal of Honor

wikidata_label: John Kane

wikipedia_title: John Kane (Medal of Honor)


text:
American
Broadway
Green Grow the Lilacs
The Farmer Takes a Wife
Twelfth Night
Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
Thomas Mitchell
Death of a Salesman
Life with Father
Geoffrey Kerr
John Kerr
NBC
Justice
Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery
Los Angeles

categories: 20th-century American actresses,American television actresses,American film actresses,1900 births,1966 deaths,Actresses from Chicago,American stage actresses,20th-century American singers,Disease-related deaths in California,Burials at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery

paragraph: June Walker

paragraph: June Walker (June 14, 1900 – February 3, 1966) was an American stage and film actress.

paragraph: Section::::Stage career.

paragraph: She appeared on Broadway in such plays as "Green Grow the Lilacs", "The Farmer Takes a Wife", and "Twelfth Night". She was the first actress to portray the character of Lorelei Lee, in the 1926 Broadway production of "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes". She played Linda Loman to Thomas Mitchell's Willy in the 1949 touring company of "Death of a Salesman". She toured as Vinnie in "Life with Father"

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1926, she married British actor Geoffrey Kerr (born January 26, 1895 — died July 1, 1971). The couple divorced in 1943; their son is actor John Kerr (born 1931 – died 2013). She appeared with her son in a 1954 episode of NBC's "Justice". It was his first acting engagement.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: After her death in 1966, aged 65, from undisclosed causes, Walker was interred in the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles.

description: American actress

wikidata_label: June Walker

wikipedia_title: June Walker


text:
Greek
armatolos
Morea
Peloponnese
Ottomans
Republic of Venice
Ottoman
Mehmed II
Morea
Upper Mani
stratioti
Venice
against the Turks
Venetian
Ottoman
peace settlement
Koroni
Nafplion
Theodore Bua
Passavas
Oitylo
Mohammed Bey
Porto Kagio
Morea
Bartolomeo Minio
Albania
Monemvasia
Frankish
Byzantines
Kefalonia

categories: 1425 births,1490 deaths,15th-century Greek people,People executed by flaying,Mani Peninsula,Venetian Greeks,Republic of Venice military personnel,Stratioti,Ottoman Peloponnese

paragraph: Krokodeilos Kladas

paragraph: Krokodeilos Kladas (, 1425–1490), also known as Korkodeilos, Krokondeilos, or Korkondelos, was a Greek military leader, specifically an armatolos, in the Morea (medieval Peloponnese) who fought against the Ottomans on behalf of the Republic of Venice during the latter 15th century.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Kladas was a member of the prominent Kladas clan. When the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II (r. 1444–1446 and 1451–1481) took the Morea in 1460, Kladas handed over his castle of Agios Giorgios and was given in exchange the castle of Vardounia in Upper Mani and the territory of Elos. By 1465, the Kladas brothers, Krokodeilos and Epifani, were leading bands of "stratioti" (warrior bands) on behalf of Venice against the Turks. They put Vardounia and their lands into Venetian possession, for which Epifani then acted as governor. The Kladas brothers were frequently complimented by Venetian officials, and received generous Venetian gifts. Krokodeilos Kladas and his followers stood as rebels against Mehmed, but the Venetian-Ottoman peace settlement, while giving them a full pardon, also returned territorial boundaries to what they had been in 1463, so this put the Venetian-Kladas land holdings back into Ottoman possession. Kladas moved to Venetian-held Koroni.

paragraph: On October 9, 1480, Kladas led "stratioti" from Koroni to attack Ottoman holdings in Mani. Both Ottomans and Venetians put a price on his head. This revolt was joined in December by "stratioti" from Nafplion led by Theodore Bua. An army sent by the Sultan was defeated between Passavas and Oitylo in February 1481. Later that month, a larger force under Mohammed Bey drove Kladas to Porto Kagio where he was taken on board a Neapolitan galley, leaving his revolt to wither in his absence. A peaceful settlement of the revolt was negotiated by the Ottoman governor of the Morea and Venetian official Bartolomeo Minio. Meanwhile, Kladas went with a Neapolitan army to Albania to aid an anti-Ottoman revolt there. It is not known when he returned to Mani. He was captured in battle near Monemvasia in 1490 and flayed alive.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: The Kladas family is known in records from the Morea since 1296 when a ""Corcondille"" managed to capture a Frankish-held castle for the Byzantines. Members of the family made donations to a monastery at Mistra in 1366 and 1375. A Krokodeilos is identified as one of the rebels against the Emperor Manuel II in 1415. The "Crocodile" pun made there is a single appearance and never appears in contemporary documents relating to this Krokodeilos Kladas. The carved inscription on a donation to a church in Karytaina with the name transliterated as "Krokontēlos" is probably not related to him, and the carving is dated to the mid-14th century. He and his brothers are strongly praised in Venetian sources. Kladas had been awarded a Venetian knighthood (and a gold robe) just before the 1480 revolt. Members of the family moved to Kefalonia, and continued to lead "stratioti" in Venetian service for at least another hundred years.

description: Greek military leader

wikidata_label: Krokodeilos Kladas

wikipedia_title: Krokodeilos Kladas


text: jazz

text: saxophonist

text: clarinetist

text: composer

text: baritone saxophone

text: World Saxophone Quartet

text: bass saxophone

text: alto clarinet

text: contra-alto clarinet

text: East St. Louis

text: Brooklyn

text: Illinois

text: African-American

text: Southern Illinois University Carbondale

text: Harry Carney

text: Duke Ellington

text: Black Artists' Group

text: St. Louis

text: Missouri

text: New York City

text: Charles Mingus

text: Sam Rivers

text: World Saxophone Quartet

text: Julius Hemphill

text: Oliver Lake

text: David Murray

text: contrabass

text: Sam Rivers

text: Babatunde Olatunji

text: Abdullah Ibrahim

text: Stevie Wonder

text: Marvin Gaye

text: New Haven

text: India Navigation

text: Musica

text: Resolution

text: Black Saint

text: Dangerously Suite

text: Ebu

text: The Clarinet Family

text: Mapleshade

text: Knitting Factory

text: Justin Time

text: D. D. Jackson

text: Mor Thiam

text: Kahil El'Zabar

text: World Saxophone Quartet

text: The 360 Degree Music Experience

text: Anthony Braxton

text: New York, Fall 1974

text: James Carter

text: Conversin' with the Elders

text: Out of Nowhere

text: Gil Evans

text: Bud and Bird

text: Farewell

text: Evidence

text: Craig Harris

text: F-Stops

text: Abdullah Ibrahim

text: The Journey

text: Music Revelation Ensemble

text: In the Name of...

text: DIW

text: Knights of Power

text: David Murray

text: Now Is Another Time

text: "A Fireside Chat With Hamiet Bluiett"

categories: People from Brooklyn, Illinois,1940 births,Jazz baritone saxophonists,India Navigation artists,The 360 Degree Music Experience members,Musicians from St. Louis,World Saxophone Quartet members,2018 deaths,Deaths from cerebrovascular disease,Avant-garde jazz musicians

paragraph: Hamiet Bluiett

paragraph: Hamiet Bluiett (; September 16, 1940 – October 4, 2018) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer. His primary instrument was the baritone saxophone, and he was considered one of the finest players of this instrument. A member of the World Saxophone Quartet, he also played (and recorded with) the bass saxophone, E-flat alto clarinet, E-flat contra-alto clarinet, and wooden flute.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bluiett was born just north of East St. Louis in Brooklyn, Illinois (also known as Lovejoy), a predominantly African-American village that had been founded as a free black refuge community in the 1830s, and which later became America's first majority-black town. As a child, he studied piano, trumpet, and clarinet, but was attracted most strongly to the baritone saxophone from the age of ten. He began his musical career by playing the clarinet for barrelhouse dances in Brooklyn, Illinois, before joining the Navy band in 1961. He attended Southern Illinois University Carbondale.

paragraph: In his mid-twenties, Bluiett heard Harry Carney (the baritone player in the Duke Ellington band) play in a live concert in Boston, which also made a strong impression on the young Bluiett, providing an example of a baritone saxophonist who played as soloist rather than accompanist.

paragraph: Following his time in the Navy, he returned to the St. Louis area in the mid-1960s. In the late 1960s Bluiett co-founded the Black Artists' Group (BAG) of St. Louis, Missouri, a collective dedicated to fostering creative work in theater, visual arts, dance, poetry, film, and music. He led the BAG big band during 1968 and 1969.

paragraph: Bluiett moved to New York City in the fall of 1969, where he joined the Charles Mingus Quintet and the Sam Rivers large ensemble. In 1976 he co-founded the World Saxophone Quartet along with two other Black Artists' Group members, Julius Hemphill and Oliver Lake, as well as multi-reedist David Murray. He has remained a champion of the somewhat unwieldy baritone saxophone, organizing large groups of baritone saxophones. Since the 1990s Bluiett has led a virtuosic quartet, the Bluiett Baritone Nation, made up entirely of baritone saxophones, with drum set accompaniment.

paragraph: In the 1980s, he also founded the Clarinet Family, a group of eight clarinetists playing clarinets of various sizes ranging from E-flat soprano to contrabass. Bluiett has also worked with Sam Rivers, Babatunde Olatunji, Abdullah Ibrahim, Stevie Wonder, and Marvin Gaye.

paragraph: He returned to his hometown of Brooklyn, Illinois, in 2002 but moved back to New York City in 2012. In his final years, he performed at gigs, including the New Haven Jazz Festival on August 22, 2009. He performed with students from Neighborhood Music School in New Haven, CT. The group were known as Hamiet Bluiett and the Improvisational Youth Orchestra. He died in St. Louis, Missouri on October 4, 2018 after a period of declining health.

paragraph: Section::::Mingus.

paragraph: In 1972, Bluiett joined Charles Mingus and toured to Europe with him. He would often play off and on with him, leaving at some points to play with another band, but would come back a year later. In 1974, Bluiett returned to Mingus and played in quintet alongside George Adams. He also performed in "Mingus at Carnegie Hall." He continued to play with Mingus until 1975, when he left to make his own recordings as a leader.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As leader.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976: "Endangered Species" (India Navigation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977: "Bars" (Musica)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977: "Resolution" (Black Saint)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978: "Birthright" (India Navigation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979: "Im/Possible to Keep" (India Navigation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981: "Dangerously Suite" (Soul Note)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984: "Ebu" (Soul Note)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987: "The Clarinet Family" (Black Saint)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991: "If You Have To Ask You Don't Need To Know" (Tutu)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: "Nali Kola" (Soul Note)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: "Sankofa / Rear Garde" (Soul Note)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994: "Bearer of the Holy Flame" (Black Fire)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: "Young Warrior, Old Warrior" (Mapleshade)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "Bluiett's Barbecue Band" (Mapleshade)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Ballads and Blues: Live at the Village Vanguard" (Soul Note)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Makin' Whoopee: Tribute to the King Cole Trio" (Mapleshade)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: "Bluiett Baritone Saxophone Group Live at the Knitting Factory" (Knitting Factory)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: "Bluiett Baritone Nation: Libation for the Baritone Saxophone Nation" (Justin Time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: "Join Us" (Justin Time) (with D. D. Jackson and Mor Thiam)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: "With Eyes Wide Open" (Justin Time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "The Calling" with D. D. Jackson and Kahil El'Zabar

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Blueblack"

paragraph: With the World Saxophone Quartet

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As sideman.

paragraph: With The 360 Degree Music Experience

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (Black Saint, 1976)

paragraph: With Lester Bowie

paragraph: The Great Pretender

paragraph: With Anthony Braxton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New York, Fall 1974" (Arista, 1974)

paragraph: With James Carter

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Conversin' with the Elders" (Atlantic, 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Out of Nowhere" (Half Note, 2005)

paragraph: With Gil Evans

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live at the Public Theater (New York 1980)" (Trio, 1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bud and Bird" (Electric Bird/King, 1986 [1987])

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Farewell" (Evidence, 1986 [1992])

paragraph: With Craig Harris

paragraph: BULLET::::- "F-Stops" (Soul Note, 1993)

paragraph: With Abdullah Ibrahim

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Journey" (Chiaroscuro, 1977)

paragraph: With the Music Revelation Ensemble

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Name of..." (DIW, 1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Knights of Power" (DIW, 1996)

paragraph: With David Murray

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Now Is Another Time" (Justin Time, 2003)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Fireside Chat With Hamiet Bluiett" by Fred Jung, from Jazz Weekly site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Audio Recordings of WCUW Jazz Festivals - Jazz History Database

wikidata_label: Hamiet Bluiett

wikipedia_title: Hamiet Bluiett


text: Constantine Phipps, 1st Baron Mulgrave

text: Hon. Charles Phipps

text: Henry Phipps, 1st Earl of Mulgrave

text: Eton College

text: St John’s College, Cambridge

text: 88th Foot

text: 93rd Foot

text: Governor of Gibraltar

text: 1st Foot Guards

text: Lord Lieutenant of Ireland

text: 60th (Royal American) Regiment of Foot

text: Clerk of the Deliveries of the Ordnance

text: Scarborough

text: Queenborough

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,UK MPs 1812–1818,Phipps family (English aristocracy),UK MPs 1826–1830,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,People educated at Eton College,British MPs 1790–1796,Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge,UK MPs 1807–1812,UK MPs 1820–1826,UK MPs 1802–1806,UK MPs 1818–1820,1760 births,British Army generals,UK MPs 1806–1807,UK MPs 1830–1831,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies,UK MPs 1801–1802,1837 deaths,British MPs 1796–1800

paragraph: Edmund Phipps (British Army officer)

paragraph: General the Honourable Edmund Phipps (7 April 1760 – 14 September 1837) was a senior British Army officer and Member of Parliament.

paragraph: He was born in London, the fourth son of Constantine Phipps, 1st Baron Mulgrave and was the younger brother of Constantine John Phipps, 2nd Baron Mulgrave, Hon. Charles Phipps and Henry Phipps, 1st Earl of Mulgrave. He was educated at Eton College (1771-73) and St John’s College, Cambridge (1778-80).

paragraph: He entered the Army in 1780 as an ensign in the 85th Regiment of Foot, became a lieutenant in the 88th Foot and then a captain in the 93rd Foot. In 1782 he was appointed aide-de-camp to the Governor of Gibraltar. He transferred as a captain to the 1st Foot Guards and was a.d.c. to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1784 to 1787. He was promoted brevet-colonel in 1796, major-general in 1801 and lieutenant-general in 1808. In 1807 he was appointed colonel-commandant of both the 2nd and 3rd battalions of the 60th (Royal American) Regiment of Foot (later the Kings Royal Rifle Corps), a position he held until his death. He was made full general on 12 August 1819.

paragraph: He also held the positions of Paymaster and Inspector-General of the Marines (1810-1812) and Clerk of the Deliveries of the Ordnance (1812-30).

paragraph: When his elder brother was elevated to the peerage he inherited his Parliamentary seat for Scarborough, holding the seat himself from 1794 to 1818. He was subsequently elected to represent Queenborough from 1818 to 1820 and Scarborough again from 1820 to 1832.

paragraph: He died unmarried in 1837 in Venice.

description: British Member of Parliament (1760-1837)

wikidata_label: Edmund Phipps

wikipedia_title: Edmund Phipps (British Army officer)


text: Münster

text: St. Louis, Missouri

text: officer

text: Kingdom of Prussia

text: United States

text: journalist

text: politician

text: Marxist

text: revolutionary

text: socialism

text: Karl Marx

text: Friedrich Engels

text: League of Communists

text: Frankfurt

text: Brussels

text: 1848 Revolution

text: Neue Rheinische Zeitung

text: The German Ideology

text: American Civil War

text: lieutenant colonel

text: Union Army

text: Karl Marx

text: Prussia

text: Münster

text: Westphalia

text: Berlin

text: Leutnant

text: Minden

text: Rheinische Zeitung

text: Cologne

text: Rhineland

text: Fritz Anneke

text: August Willich

text: Hermann Korff

text: Friedrich von Beust

text: Forty-Eighters

text: Phalansteries

text: Charles Fourier

text: Karl Gruen

text: Paris

text: Otto Luening

text: Bielefeld

text: Paderborn

text: Brussels

text: Germany

text: Communist League

text: Communist Manifesto

text: Darmstadt

text: C. W. Leske

text: Otto Luening

text: Frankfurt

text: Frankfurt Parliament

text: Baden

text: Electorate of the Palatinate

text: Neue Rheinische Zeitung

text: Switzerland

text: United States

text: New York City

text: Le Havre

text: class struggle

text: Gottfried Kinkel

text: Lajos Kossuth

text: Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte

text: The Peasant War in Germany

text: Turn-Zeitung

text: Turn-Zeitung

text: proletarian dictatorship

text: free election

text: Europe

text: Marxism

text: liberalism

text: industrial development

text: Australia

text: American slavery

text: Whig

text: Democratic

text: internationalism

text: American Workers League

text: Founding Fathers

text: trade unions

text: Know-Nothing

text: civil war

text: Republican Party

text: antislavery

text: Wilhelm Weitling

text: William Sylvis

text: Die Welt

text: free-soil movement

text: Homestead Act

text: Congress

text: Hermann Kriege

text: American Workers League

text: Midwest

text: Milwaukee

text: Chicago

text: Illinois Staats-Zeitung

text: Republican convention

text: Central Park

text: Abraham Lincoln

text: John C. Frémont

text: St. Louis

text: Missouri

text: 41st Missouri Volunteer Infantry

text: International Workingmen's Association

text: First International

text: Westliche Post

text: who used the war to become rich

text: William S. Sylvis

text: National Labor Union

text: Baltimore

text: cholera

text: St. Louis

text: Missouri

text: Alexander Schimmelpfennig

text: August Willich

text: Joseph Weydemeyer Papers

categories: American communists,19th-century American journalists,1866 deaths,American Marxists,People from Münster,German communists,American people of German descent,Marxist journalists,1818 births,Members of the International Workingmen's Association,German revolutionaries,People of the Revolutions of 1848,Union Army colonels,American male journalists,German Marxists,German-American Forty-Eighters,American male writers

paragraph: Joseph Weydemeyer

paragraph: Joseph Arnold Weydemeyer (February 2, 1818, Münster – August 26, 1866, St. Louis, Missouri) was a military officer in the Kingdom of Prussia and the United States as well as a journalist, politician and Marxist revolutionary.

paragraph: At first a supporter of "true socialism", Weydemeyer became in 1845–1846 a follower of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. He became a member of the League of Communists and from 1849 to 1851 headed its Frankfurt chapter. He visited Marx in Brussels, staying there for a time to attend Marx's lectures. He participated in the 1848 Revolution. He was one of the "responsible editors" of the "Neue Rheinische Zeitung" from 1849 to 1850. He was involved in the writing of the manuscript of "The German Ideology".

paragraph: Weydemeyer worked on two socialist periodicals which were the "Westphälisches Dampfboot" ("Westphalian Steamboat") and the "Neue Rheinische Zeitung". In 1851, he emigrated from Germany to the United States and worked there as a journalist. "The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon", written by Marx, was published in 1852 in "Die Revolution", a German-language monthly magazine in New York established by Weydemeyer.

paragraph: Weydemeyer took part in the American Civil War as a lieutenant colonel in the Union Army.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in 1818, the same year as Karl Marx, Weydemeyer was the son of a Prussian civil servant residing in Münster in Westphalia. Sent to a gymnasium and the Berlin military Academy, he received his commission as a Leutnant in the Prussian artillery (1. Westfälisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 7) in 1838. At the beginning of his short career, he was stationed in the Westphalian town of Minden. He began to read the bourgeois radical and socialist newspaper "Rheinische Zeitung", the Cologne paper Marx became editor and which was suppressed by Prussian censorship in 1843. But it inspired many soldiers in the Rhineland and Westphalia. In the Minden garrison, the paper inspired revolutionaries like Fritz Anneke, August Willich, Hermann Korff and Friedrich von Beust, all of whom, like Weydemeyer, will become prominent Forty-Eighters and after that officers of the Union army in the Civil War.

paragraph: The leftist officers in Minden formed a circle in which Weydemeyer took part. He also went frequently to Cologne and took part to discussions of social problems with the journalists of the "Rheinische Zeitung". In 1844, Weydemeyer resigned from the Prussian army. He then became assistant editor of the "Trierische Zeitung", a paper which advocated the Phalansteries of Charles Fourier and the True Socialism of Karl Gruen. In 1845, he joined the "Westphaelische Dampfboot" after paying a visit to Marx, exiled in Paris. Marx, as well as Engels, were publishing in the "Dampfboot". The paper was edited by Otto Luening in Bielefeld and Paderborn. Luening's sister Luise became Weydemeyer's wife in 1845.

paragraph: After a second visit to Marx in Brussels in 1846, Weydemeyer went back to Germany to organize the Communist League in Cologne. This was the organization for which Marx and Engels wrote the "Communist Manifesto" in 1847. He continued to work on the "Dampfboot". At the same time, he made a career as a construction engineer for the Cologne-Minden Railroad, but he quit the job soon after the beginning in 1848 because the company ordered its employees to stay out of political demonstration.

paragraph: During the rest of the year, he was a full-time revolutionary journalist. In June 1848, he was invited to Darmstadt by the socialist publisher C. W. Leske to be co-editor with Otto Luening of the "Neue Deutsche Zeitung". Near to Frankfurt, where the German National Assembly was meeting at the time, the newspaper intended to be a link between the left-wing of the Assembly and the extra-parliamentary movement. But in 1849, the counter-revolution succeeded and the Prussian absolutism crushed the Frankfurt Parliament, the armed democracy in Baden and the Electorate of the Palatinate and all the democratic papers. Marx's "Neue Rheinische Zeitung" disappeared under the censorship and the "Neue Deutsche Zeitung" survived by moving from Darmstadt to Frankfurt in the spring of 1849. The paper would be finally banished in December 1850 by the senate of the city. Weydemeyer remained in the country for half a year, underground.

paragraph: In July 1851, with his wife and two children, he went to Switzerland, where he did not find a job. On July 27, he wrote to Marx that he had no alternative than migrating to the United States. In his answer to Weydemeyer, Marx recommend New York City for his settlement, a place where Weydemeyer could have the chance to create a German-speaking revolutionary paper. At the same time, it was, in the idea of Marx, the city where the migrants were less likely to be touched by the Far West adventures. Marx also remarked that the United States would be a difficult country for the development of socialism, the surplus of population, being drained off by the farms and the fast-growing prosperity of the country, the Germans being easily Americanized and forgetting of their homeland. Weydemeyer and his family sailed from Le Havre on September 29, 1851, and arrived in New York on November 7.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:New York.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:New York.:A Marxist journalist.

paragraph: In December 1851, Weydemeyer issues a paper, named "Die Revolution", a German-language revolutionary paper, which purpose was to make picture of the class struggle in the Old World. The paper first appeared on January 6 but was suspended on January 13. In a letter to Marx at the end of January, he attributed his failure because of the corrupting effect on the people of the American soil. He also pointed out the dominance of the liberal bourgeois-nationalist ideology on the people, among them Gottfried Kinkel and Lajos Kossuth. German immigrants were simply not sensitive to Marx ideas and analyses of the defeat of the 1848 revolutions and of the triumph of European reaction. In spring 1852, Weydemeyer brought out Marx's "Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte" as a final number of "Die Revolution", after arranging for serial publication of Engels "The Peasant War in Germany" in the New York "Turn-Zeitung" between January 1852 and February 1853.

paragraph: He began to write for the "Turn-Zeitung" about different political issues, as the American aversion of the proletarian dictatorship, the calling of liberal American groups for free election in Europe and their silence about the conditions of the workers, the political immaturity of forty-eighters who raised money in the United States to foment revolution in Europe. To sum up, he wrote many articles which counterposed Marxism to liberalism for the German immigrants. In the July number of "Turn-Zeitung", he began a discussion of American labor issues and the free trade versus protection debate, where he took a traditional Marxist stand for the industrial development.

paragraph: In the "Turn-Zeitung" of September 1, Weydemeyer analyzed the relationship between Australian cotton and American slavery. The development of American monopoly on the world market, in his point of view, promotes the rise of national economical development rather than regional and the rise of national parties in American politics rather than regional. He saw the shift from an agricultural dominance over the industrial to an industrial dominance over the former.

paragraph: In the "Turn-Zeitung" of November 15, Weydemeyer wrote a review of the election campaign of 1852, pointing the absence of labor issues in the platforms of the Whig and Democratic parties. In December, in a two-part "Political-Economic Survey", he attempted to project a platform for American labor. He stands for organizations of the workers on a large scale political as well as economical, and urged the workers to adopt internationalism.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:New York.:The foundation of the American Workers League.

paragraph: With four of his friends, Weydemeyer formed a tiny organization, the first Marxist organization in the United States, formed in the summer of 1852. The group, called "Proletarierbund", won the attention of German immigrants with the organization of a meeting on March 20, 1853, in New York, where eight hundred German Americans assembled in Mechanics Hall and founded the American Workers League.

paragraph: This was an organization of mixed union and party functions, and presented a program of immediate issues for the working class and the socialist goal at the same time. The program was for immediate naturalization of all immigrants who wished to gain American citizenship, it favored federal, rather than state, labor legislation, stood for guaranteed payment of wages to workers whose employers went bankrupt, assumption by government of all costs of litigation with free choice of counsel, reducing the working day to ten hours, banning labor for children under sixteen, compulsory education with government maintenance for children whose families were too poor, against all Sunday and temperance laws, for the formation of tuition-colleges and for state acquisition of existing private colleges, for keeping the national lands on the frontier inalienable, etc. Beside the immediate demands, the League's platform stated some revolutionary principles. The preamble charged the capitalists of the everyday worse situation of the workers, the need of an independent political party for the workers, "without respect to occupation, language, color or sex", and the task of overthrowing the capital leadership with it as a way to solve social and political problems. It also leaned on the American Constitution of the Founding Fathers.

paragraph: The American Workers League functioned for several years under a central committee made up of delegates from wards clubs and trade unions. Member of its committee, Weydemeyer tried to wide the influence of the League to non German Americans but the League served primarily as a German recreation and mutual aid society, in isolation from the English-speaking workers. When in the context of the Know-Nothing agitation, in 1855, the members began forming a secret military organization to defend themselves against nativist attacks, Weydemeyer withdrew from the League. He devoted himself to study the American Economy and to writing and lecturing of Marxists ideas.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:American Civil War.

paragraph: As the country was moving toward a civil war, German Americans played an important part in the emergence of the Republican Party, so did Weydemeyer, who was one of the men who drew the German community toward the Republicans and the antislavery cause. Weydemeyer's stand for the Republicans was consistent with the influence of the most prominent labor radicals at the time, as Wilhelm Weitling. William Sylvis, leading native-born trade unionist, didn't engage in Republican politics, but showed approval for their platform in several commentaries published by Die Welt.

paragraph: The Republican Party gained also influence through the free-soil movement. According to his Marxist opinion against the parceling out of government lands to small farmers, Weydemeyer denounced the Homestead Act agitation in 1854 as contrary to the interest of the workers and was in favor of large-scale agriculture. But in the 1860s, together with other German Republicans, he urged the party to campaign for "immediate passage by Congress of a Homestead law by which the public lands of the Union may be secured for homesteads of the people, and secured from the greed of speculators." Weydemeyer back of the free-soil movement and shift of position about that issue wasn't a stand for the free-soil movement as a social progress (as Hermann Kriege endorsement in this movement in 1845), but a question of tactic, backing the free-soil movement at that moment being a support for the antislavery cause, the main issue at the time in his point of view.

paragraph: Shortly after dropping the American Workers League, Weydemeyer left New York and settled down in the Midwest, where he lived for four years, first in Milwaukee and then in Chicago, where he worked a journalist and also as a surveyor. He tried to establish in Chicago, another independent German labor paper, and contributed to the "Illinois Staats-Zeitung", a famous German Republican daily of the Midwest. He took part in the "Deutsches Haus" conference of German-American societies in Chicago in May 1860 to influence the Republican convention's platform and candidates. Back in New York at the end of 1860, he found a job as a surveyor of Central Park and became active in the election campaign for Abraham Lincoln. Eight months later, he was in the army.

paragraph: Thanks to his background as a Prussian military officer and surveyor, he became a technical aide on the staff of General John C. Frémont, the commander of the department of the West. He superintended the erection of ten forts around St. Louis. After Frémont was removed from his command in November 1861, Weydemeyer was made a lieutenant colonel and given command of a Missouri volunteer artillery regiment which took the field against Confederate guerillas in southern Missouri in 1862. At the end of the year, he was hospitalized for a nervous disorder and transferred to garrison duty in St. Louis, which he left in September 1863.

paragraph: Politically active in Missouri, Weydemeyer was facing two main issues: the extension of emancipation to Missouri and the prevention of a split between the Lincoln and Frémont faction of the Republican Party. Despite his own sympathy for the Frémont straight position, he tried to conciliate the factions and keep safe the victory in the 1864 election and in the war. In September 1864, Weydemeyer joined the army as colonel of the 41st Missouri Volunteer Infantry charged with the defense of St. Louis. While doing his military duty, he distributed copies of the Inaugural Address of the International Workingmen's Association, exchanged letters with Engels on military and political issues, contributed to local papers, as the "Daily St Louis Press" where he wrote an editorial greeting the founding of the First International. In July 1865, he demobilized his regiment and left the Army.

paragraph: At the end of the war, he began to write regularly for the "Westliche Post" and the "Neue Zeit", two St. Louis papers. He won the election as county auditor, holding his office from January 1, 1866 until his death. He worked for harsher tax laws and collecting unpaid taxes of men who used the war to become rich. The same day William S. Sylvis inaugurated the National Labor Union in Baltimore, Weydemeyer died of cholera in St. Louis, Missouri at the age of 48.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Workingmen's Association in America

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander Schimmelpfennig

paragraph: BULLET::::- August Willich

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joseph Weydemeyer: Pioneer of American Socialism" by Karl Obermann, 1947.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MIA: Encyclopedia of Marxism: Glossary of People

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Socialism in German American Literature", Issue 24 William Frederic Kamman 1917

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archive of Joseph Weydemeyer Papers at the International Institute of Social History

description: Union Army officer

wikidata_label: Joseph Weydemeyer

wikipedia_title: Joseph Weydemeyer


text:
Jagatsinghpur district
Odisha
India
Basanta Kumari Patnaik
Padma Shri
Sahitya Akademi Award

categories: 2003 deaths,Odia dramatists and playwrights,Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Odia,20th-century dramatists and playwrights,People from Jagatsinghpur district,Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education,1916 births

paragraph: Gopal Chhotray

paragraph: Gopal Chhotray (1916–2003) was born in Puranagarh village of Jagatsinghpur district in Odisha, India.

paragraph: He is considered to be one of the chief architects of modern Oriya theatre. He brought in significant changes in the morphology of Oriya plays, both in theme and structure. He rescued them from the hold of opera and melodrama, and the overbearing influence of neighbouring Bengal.

paragraph: Gopal Chhotray dominated the Oriya professional theatre for more than three decades. Beginning with Pheria (Come Back) in 1946, he wrote more than 15 original stage plays and 8 adaptations of eminent Oriya novels, most of which were runaway success in professional stage. There were days, when both the professional theaters of Cuttack, holding daily shows, used to stage his plays concurrently.

paragraph: Apart from adapting works of eminent Odia novelists like Upendra Kishore Das (Mala Janha), Basanta Kumari Patnaik (Amadabata), Kanhu Charana Mohanty (Jhanja) and former Chief Minister of Odisha Dr. Harekrushna Mahtab (Pratibha), he also adapted Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's ‘Ramer Sumati’, Henrik Ibsen's 'Enemy of the People', A A Milne's 'Man in the Bowler Hat', Henry Fielding's 'Mock Doctor', and the English thriller 'The Evil That Men Do'.

paragraph: Gopal Chhotray was associated with All India Radio (AIR), Cuttack since its inception in 1948. After years of writing as a freelancer, he joined AIR, Cuttack as an in-house script writer in 1956 and worked till 1975.

paragraph: He wrote more than half a thousand radio plays, including musicals and features, and made listening to his works a household habit. His monthly serial 'Purapuri Paribarika'(Entirely A Family Matter), which ran uninterrupted for three years, was perhaps the earliest chain-play the AIR produced.

paragraph: While in Radio, Gopal Chhotray made a unique contribution to the Odia musical tradition by reviving rural opera, which had gone out of fashion, and was frowned by the city bred and puritans. He brought both popularity and respectability for this genre by adapting them for broadcast by the AIR in 1960. He restored Baisnab Pani, the doyen of Odia Jatra, to his legitimacy and started an upsurge in musical plays by building up a large repertoire, consisting of his own originals and adaptations.

paragraph: He has nearly twenty LP records and cassettes of his own work including the all-time best 'Srimati Samarjani' which he produced for the radio with Akshaya Mohanty, based on Fakir Mohan Senapati's short story 'Patent Medicine'. It continues to be a listening rage even after 40 years.

paragraph: He was also pivotal in designing the dramatic contents of the Odisha Doordarshan when TV came to the State. He nurtured its foundation at Cuttack and continued to sustain it after it shifted to Bhubaneswar. He scripted nearly a hundred plays and features for the State TV, including serials and a memorable mythological called 'Devi Durga'.

paragraph: He started his career as an amateur stage artist in Bharati Theatres in Cuttack, but soon became the foremost playwright and film script writer for the Odia stage and films respectively. After 'Pheria', his early plays in the 50s, such as 'Bharasa' and 'Para Kalam', were recognized as unique creations. His instant recognition for film script writing came with the production of the mega mythological 'Sri Jagannath' in 1950. In the next thirty five years, he wrote screenplays and dialogues for a number of 'middle of the road' cinemas, combining class and box office hits. 'Amadabata', 'Kie Kahara', 'Matira Manisha' and 'Badhu Nirupama' had received high critical acclaim for his dialogues and treatment.

paragraph: When professional theatre withered away in Odisha and the State radio lost out its monopoly to private broadcasting and TV channels of doubtful quality, Gopal Chhotray, devoted himself to writing of short stories to respond to his creative urge. He published two volumes of his work, comprising about thirty stories, which were actually embryonic of the plays and films he wanted to write but could not.

paragraph: Apart from several State awards like Sarala Samman, Bisuva Samman and Governor's Plaque of Honour (1991), he received the Kendriya Sahitya Akademi Award in 1982 and Kendriya Sangeet Natak Academi Award in 1987.

paragraph: Gopal Chhotray spent his entire life in Cuttack. 2016 would be the centenary year of his birth.

paragraph: A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HIS PUBLICATIONS

paragraph: PLAYS

paragraph: 1. Sahadharmini (1942)

paragraph: 2. Pheria (1946)

paragraph: 3. Bharasa (1954)

paragraph: 4. Parakalama (1955)

paragraph: 5. Nasta Urvashi (1955)

paragraph: 6. Shankha Sindura (1956)

paragraph: 7. Pathikabandhu (1958)

paragraph: 8. Jhanja (1958)

paragraph: 9. Janashatru (1958)

paragraph: 10. Ardhangini (1959)

paragraph: 11. Amadabata (1959)

paragraph: 12. Ghataka (1960)

paragraph: 13. Malajanha (1961)

paragraph: 14. Abhaginira Swarga (1961)

paragraph: 15. Pratibha (1962)

paragraph: 16. Sadhana (1962)

paragraph: 17. Purapuri Paribarika (1964)

paragraph: 18. Dalabehera (1966)

paragraph: 19. Padmalaya (1972)

paragraph: 20. Shriharinka Sangsara (1974)

paragraph: 21. Shakha Prashakha (1977)

paragraph: 22. Nua Bou (1980)

paragraph: 23. Hasyarasara Nataka (1981)

paragraph: 24. Shataranji (1983)

paragraph: 25. Babaji (1984)

paragraph: 26. Shobha (1987)

paragraph: 27. Emiti Hue Nahin (1990)

paragraph: 28. Natakhata Nataka (1991)

paragraph: 29. Srestha Ekankika (1991)

paragraph: 30. Pahacha O Anya Nataka (1991)

paragraph: 31. Gajapati Heera O Anyanya (1991)

paragraph: 32. Babu Chandramani (1992)

paragraph: 33. Patent Medicine (1992)

paragraph: 34. Panchanatika (1993)

paragraph: MUSICALS

paragraph: 1. Gansesha (1972)

paragraph: 2. Napahu Rati (1972)

paragraph: 3. Mahishamardini (1972)

paragraph: 4. Tinoti Apera Ekatra (1972)

paragraph: 5. Shrimati Samarjani (1974)

paragraph: 6. Gharabara Dekha (1977)

paragraph: 7. Bindu Sagara (1979)

paragraph: 8. Sampurna Ramayana (1980)

paragraph: 9. Sita, Laba-Kusha (1980)

paragraph: 10. Panchabati (1981)

paragraph: 11. Janmastami (1982)

paragraph: 12. Shree Jagannatha (1983)

paragraph: 13. Bole Hun Ti (1983)

paragraph: 14. Meera Bai (1988)

paragraph: 15. Ajodhya Kanda (1988)

paragraph: 16. Champuvinoda (1988)

paragraph: 17. Kapatapasha (1989)

paragraph: 18. Chhotray Geetinatya Sankalana (Anthology of Musicals)

paragraph: COLLECTION OF STORIES

paragraph: 1. Sei Phula (1989)

paragraph: 2. Chandramukhi (1993)

paragraph: FILMOGRAPHY (Story, Screenplay & Dialogues)

paragraph: 1. Shree Jagannatha (1950)

paragraph: 2. Maa (1958)

paragraph: 3. Nua Bou (1962)

paragraph: 4. Amada Bata (1964)

paragraph: 5. Abhinetri (1965)

paragraph: 6. Matira Manisha (1967)

paragraph: 7. Kie Kahara (1968)

paragraph: 8. Bandhan (1969)

paragraph: 9. Adina Megha (1970)

paragraph: 10. Dharitri (1973)

paragraph: 11. Ramayana (1980)

paragraph: 12. School Master (1985)

paragraph: 13. Badhu Nirupama (1985)

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Padma Shri, 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarala Award, 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bisuba Award, 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sahitya Akademi Award, 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- Odisha Sahitya Akademi awards, 1976

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kendriya Sangeet Natak Akademi

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.loc.gov/acq/ovop/delhi/salrp/chhotray.html

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.odisha.in/news/151/ARTICLE/2026/2008-01-22.html

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080421/jsp/jharkhand/story_9164885.jsp

description: Indian playwright

wikidata_label: Gopal Chhotray

wikipedia_title: Gopal Chhotray


text:
local anesthetic
suramin
Ludwig Gattermann
Heidelberg
Hermann Emil Fischer
Berlin
Richard Willstätter
Munich
Poulenc Frères
Ivry-sur-Seine
Amylocaine
antipyretic
Pasteur Institute
Académie Nationale de Médecine

categories: Officers of the Order of Polonia Restituta,1872 births,Officiers of the Légion d'honneur,1949 deaths,French biochemists,People from Biarritz,French pharmacologists,Knights of the Order of Agricultural Merit,Academics of the Complutense University of Madrid,French chemist stubs

paragraph: Ernest Fourneau

paragraph: Ernest Fourneau (4 October 1872 – 5 August 1949) was a French medicinal chemist who played a major role in the discovery of synthetic local anesthetics, as well as in the synthesis of suramin. He authored more than two hundred scholarly works, and has been described as having "helped to establish the fundamental laws of chemotherapy that have saved so many human lives".

paragraph: Fourneau was a pupil of Friedel and Moureu, and studied in the German laboratories of Ludwig Gattermann in Heidelberg, Hermann Emil Fischer in Berlin and Richard Willstätter in Munich.

paragraph: He headed the research laboratory of Poulenc Frères in Ivry-sur-Seine from 1903 to 1911.

paragraph: One of the products was a synthetic local anesthetic that was named "Stovaine" (Amylocaine).

paragraph: This was a pun on the English translation of "fourneau" as "stove".

paragraph: Other important medicines were antipyretics.

paragraph: In 1910 Fourneau accepted the directorship of the Pasteur Institute's therapeutic chemistry section, with the condition that he maintained his ties with Poulenc Frères.

paragraph: He was a member of the Académie Nationale de Médecine.

description: French scientist

wikidata_label: Ernest Fourneau

wikipedia_title: Ernest Fourneau


text: O.S.B. Cam.

text: Italian

text: Cantiano

text: Umbria

text: Marche

text: S. Emiliano in Congiuntoli

text: Camaldolese

text: Fonte Avellana

text: Fonte Avellana

text: Peter Damian

text: self-mortification

text: Edward Gibbon

text: psalms

text: Lent

text: mortification

text: chain mail

text: Lorica hamata

text: hairshirt

text: San Severino Marche

text: prior

text: Camaldolese

text: Peter Damian

text: Jacques Paul Migne

text: Patrologia Latina

text: Edward Gibbon

text: William M. Cooper

text: Norman Cohn

text: The Pursuit of the Millennium

text: Giles Constable

categories: Italian Roman Catholic saints,Italian Benedictines,995 births,1060 deaths,11th-century Roman Catholic priests,Camaldolese saints,People from the Province of Pesaro e Urbino,Camaldolese Order,Burials in le Marche,Italian Roman Catholic priests,Italian hermits

paragraph: Dominic Loricatus

paragraph: Dominic Loricatus, O.S.B. Cam. (Italian: San Domenico Loricato; 995 - 1060), was an Italian monk, born in the village of Luceolis near Cantiano (then in Umbria, now in the Marche). His father, seeking social advancement, paid a bribe to have him ordained a priest when still a child. When he discovered the fact, he resolved on a life of penance and became a hermit in the woods near the abbey of S. Emiliano in Congiuntoli, then a Camaldolese monk at the monastery of Fonte Avellana in 1040.

paragraph: Fonte Avellana was at this time under the influence of St. Peter Damian, who promoted penitential self-mortification. It is through his vigorous embrace of this practice that Dominic Loricatus has become most well known, particularly through a mention by Edward Gibbon in "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" (Vol. V, C. LVIII):

paragraph: "By a fantastic arithmetic, a year of penance was taxed at three thousand lashes; and such was the skill and patience of a famous hermit, Saint Dominic of the iron Cuirass, that in six days he could discharge an entire century, by a whipping of three hundred thousand stripes. His example was followed by many penitents of both sexes; and, as a vicarious sacrifice was accepted, a sturdy disciplinarian might expiate on his own back the sins of his benefactors."

paragraph: Dominic is said to have performed these lashes while reciting the psalms, with 100 lashes for each psalm. 30 psalms (3000 strokes) made penance for one year of sin; the entire psalter redeemed 5 years, while 20 psalters (300,000 strokes) redeemed one hundred years - hence the 'One Hundred Years Penance' St. Dominic is said to have performed in six days, over Lent.

paragraph: In calculating these lashes one is left with these numbers: 50,000 lashes per day. Assuming Dominic was awake for 20 hours a day, that gives 2,500 lashes per hour, which would result in 41 lashes per minute.

paragraph: Dominic owes his nickname "Loricatus" to his further bodily mortification of wearing a coat of chain mail (Latin: "Lorica hamata") next to his skin as a hairshirt. He died at the Hermitage of San Vicino, near San Severino Marche in 1060, where he had been appointed prior by Peter Damian the previous year, where his remains are still venerated. His feast is celebrated by the Camaldolese Order on October 14.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Damian, "Vita Sancti Dominici Loricati" (Life of St. Dominic Loricatus), in Jacques Paul Migne, "Patrologia Latina", CXLIV

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Gibbon, "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" Vol. V, chapter LVIII

paragraph: BULLET::::- William M. Cooper, "Flagellation and the Flagellants: A History of the Rod"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norman Cohn, "The Pursuit of the Millennium"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giles Constable, "Culture and Spirituality in Medieval Europe"

alias:
Saint Dominic Loricatus
Dominique l'Encuirassé
Dominique l'Encuirasse

description: Umbrian monk

wikidata_label: Dominic Loricatus

wikipedia_title: Dominic Loricatus


text:
Whalley, Lancashire
Read Hall
Great Mitton
Whalley Abbey
Westminster School
Christ Church, Oxford
William Lambarde
William Cecil
Edward de Vere
Beowulf
Nowell Codex
Cotton
Exeter Book
Anglo-Saxon law
John Day
historical cartography
William Dugdale
Anthony Wood
Dictionary of National Biography
Retha Warnicke

categories: English philologists,Anglo-Saxon studies scholars,Year of birth unknown,1570s deaths,English cartographers,People of the Tudor period,1510s births

paragraph: Laurence Nowell

paragraph: Laurence (or Lawrence) Nowell (c. 1515 – c. 1571) was an English antiquarian, cartographer and pioneering scholar of Anglo-Saxon language and literature.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Laurence Nowell was born around 1530 in Whalley, Lancashire, the second son of Alexander Nowell of Read Hall and Grace Catterall of Great Mitton, Lancashire. He may have started school at Whalley Abbey and sometime later may have attended Westminster School, where his cousin Alexander Nowell was a master from 1543 on, until in 1549 he attended Christ Church, Oxford, where he received an M.A. in 1552. He travelled to Paris, in 1553, then to Rouen, Antwerp, Louvain, Geneva, Venice, Padua and Rome by 1557/58. Another round of extensive travelling ensued, this time around England, Ireland and perhaps Wales, in the company of William Lambarde, during and/or after which he gathered information on Anglo-Saxon manuscripts and English place-names.

paragraph: By 1563, he was living in the London house of his patron, Sir William Cecil. Nowell had been made the tutor of Cecil's ward, Edward de Vere, the seventeenth Earl of Oxford.

paragraph: Nowell devoted much effort in the 1560s to a large-scale atlas of Anglo-Saxon Britain, though he never completed the work. For Cecil, he made the first accurate cartographic survey of the east coast of Ireland, as well as presenting him, in 1563/64, with a small, accurate pocket-sized map of Britain, entitled "A general description of England and Ireland with the costes adioyning" which Cecil supposedly always carried with him.

paragraph: Nowell also collected and transcribed Anglo-Saxon documents and compiled the first Anglo-Saxon dictionary, the "Vocabularium Saxonicum". In 1563, he came into possession of the only extant manuscript of "Beowulf". The manuscript is bound in what is still known as the Nowell Codex (Cotton Vitellius A. xv). He also studied the Exeter Book, annotating folios 9r and 10r amongst others.

paragraph: In 1568 Lambarde, with Nowell's encouragement, published a collection of Anglo-Saxon laws, "Archaionomia", which was printed by John Day. In the introduction he acknowledges Nowell's contribution. This publication included a woodcut map depicting the seven kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England, which is thought to be the first map of any sort ("Lambardes map") to have been designed, printed and published in England, and which is very likely to have been the work of Laurence Nowell.

paragraph: Nowell, probably realising that he was not going to be given the preferment he sought from Cecil, decided to visit the Continent to study (and possibly to become a diplomat) in 1568, and died there between 1570 and 1572. His books and manuscripts passed into the possession of William Lambarde.

paragraph: Shannon makes the claim that Nowell had "a butterfly mind", and fell into the scholar's trap of rarely finishing a project or publishing anything. Despite this, he also makes the claim that " Nowell was a pioneer in the Anglo-Saxon language, in place-name studies, and in map-making, and that he can be claimed with justification to have single-handedly invented the idea of historical cartography."

paragraph: Section::::Identification.

paragraph: Two 16th-century English cousins, one an antiquarian and the other a churchman, were named Laurence Nowell. Their biographies were confused from the 17th century. Both William Dugdale and Anthony Wood made the mistake, and it persisted through the "Dictionary of National Biography" and into the twentieth century. In the 1970s, however, Retha Warnicke's analysis of a 1571 court case made it clear that there were two different Laurence Nowells, and their biographies have since been disentangled.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hill, David (2004). "Laurence Nowell, Cartographer, Linguist, Archivist and Spy, and his Anglo-Saxon Atlas of 1563." Paper read before the Society of Antiquaries of London, 12 February 2004.

description: antiquary

wikidata_label: Laurence Nowell

wikipedia_title: Laurence Nowell


text:
Gene Loves Jezebel
Immigrants
Edith Grove
with prejudice
ICANN
Official Site
Interview @ Legends

categories: Welsh expatriates in the United States,1957 births,Twin people from Wales,Gothic rock musicians,Living people

paragraph: Michael Aston

paragraph: Michael Aston, born May 4, 1961, is the founder and current leader of the U.S. version of Gene Loves Jezebel.

paragraph: In 1989 Michael left Gene Loves Jezebel due to his unhappiness with the direction of the band and strained relations with his twin brother, Jay. Moving to California, Michael started The Immigrants which eventually became Edith Grove. Edith Grove released its debut album to rave reviews and Michael eventually decided to tone things down a bit. He wrote and released his first solo album, "Why Me Why This Why Now?". Michael rejoined Gene Loves Jezebel instead of writing and recording a new Edith Grove album; the band's debut album was its only album.

paragraph: Section::::The Gene Loves Jezebel Name.

paragraph: After the Jay solo led version of Gene Loves Jezebel disbanded in 1993, Between 1993 and 1997 Michael and Jay reformed Gene Loves Jezebel in its purest and most identifiable form, the duo Gene and Jezebel, including an album that would eventually become "VII". Gene Loves Jezebel toured with a new line up from February 1997 to October 1997 as Gene Loves Jezebel, however that ended with the recording and subsequent tour for "VII". Another bitter falling out ensued. According to Michael, he refused to be pushed out of the band after all of the work he had put into the reunion and reformed GLJ with the band used on the first '97 Pre-Raphaelite Brothers tour. This caused much confusion amongst the fans as to who had the rights to the band name. Jay sued Michael to stop him from using Gene Loves Jezebel.

paragraph: Judge O'Brien in LA Superior Court denied twice the injunctions intended to stop Michael from using the Gene Loves Jezebel name. Jay withdrew the case with prejudice meaning that he could never sue Michael again. Jay released "VII" in 1998. Jay erased all of Michael's vocals and credits off the album, however a copy of this album with Michael's vocals was released as "The Doghouse Sessions".

paragraph: Michael filed for the Gene Loves Jezebel trademark which he was granted in September 2002, ICANN awarded Michael the www.genelovesjezebel.com domain name.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview @ Legends

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Michael Aston

wikipedia_title: Michael Aston


text:
Daiei
Ashikaga Yoshitane
Hosokawa Takakuni
Awaji Island
Kyoto
Miyoshi Nagayoshi
Hosokawa Harumoto
Ashikaga Yoshiteru
Tenbun
Oda Nobunaga
Ashikaga Yoshiaki
Europe
Portuguese
China
Ashikaga Yoshizumi
Ashikaga Yoshiaki
Ashikaga Yoshiteru
Hosokawa Takakuni
era name
nengō
Daiei
Kyōroku
Tenbun
University of Queensland Press
OCLC 7574544
Titsingh, Isaac.
Nihon Ōdai Ichiran
"Annales des empereurs du Japon".
OCLC 585069

categories: Ashikaga shōguns,16th-century shōguns,1550 deaths,1511 births

paragraph: Ashikaga Yoshiharu

paragraph: BULLET::::- May 1, 1521 ("Daiei 1, 25th day of the 3rd month"): After the tenth shogun Ashikaga Yoshitane and Hosokawa Takakuni struggled for power over the shogunate and Yoshitane withdrew to Awaji Island, the way was clear for Minamoto-no Yoshiharu to be installed as shogun.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1521 ("Daiei 1, 6th month"): Yoshiharu enters Kyoto.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1526 ("Daiei 6, 12th month"): "Shōgun" Yoshiharu invited archers from neighboring provinces to come to the capital for an archery contest.

paragraph: Not having any political power and repeatedly being forced out of the capital of Kyoto, Yoshiharu retired in 1546 over a political struggle between Miyoshi Nagayoshi and Hosokawa Harumoto making his son Ashikaga Yoshiteru the thirteenth shogun.

paragraph: BULLET::::- May 20, 1550 ("Tenbun 19, 4th day of the 5th month"): Yoshiharu died.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1568 ("Eiroku 11"): Supported by Oda Nobunaga, his son Ashikaga Yoshiaki became the fifteenth shogun.

paragraph: From a western perspective, Yoshiharu is significant, as he was shogun in 1543, when the first contact of Japan with the European West took place. A Portuguese ship, blown off its course to China, landed in Japan.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Ashikaga Yoshizumi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: Hino Akiko

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife: Keijuin (1514–1565),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concubines:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oodate Tsuneoki's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ashikaga Yoshiaki by Keijuin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ashikaga Yoshiteru by Keijuin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ashikaga Shuko (d. 1565)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shiratori Yoshihisa (d. 1547)

paragraph: BULLET::::- daughter married Takeda Yoshimune

paragraph: BULLET::::- daughter married Miyoshi Yoshitsugu

paragraph: BULLET::::- daughter married Karasume Kosen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nun in Hyokoji temple

paragraph: Section::::Events of Yoshiharu's "bakufu".

paragraph: Significant events shape the period during which Yoshiharu was "shōgun":

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1521 – Hosokawa Takakuni has Yoshiharu appointed "shōgun".

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1526 – Kasai rebels, Miyoshi rebels: Go-Nara succeeds.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1528 – Yoshiharu driven out by Miyoshi Nagamoto.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1533 – Ikkō rebellion.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1536 – Go-Nara enthroned.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1538 – Dissension in Koga Kubō's family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1546 – Yoshiharu flees to Ōmi; his son, Yoshiteru, appointed "shōgun" in exile.

paragraph: Section::::Eras of Yoshiharu's "bakufu".

paragraph: The years in which Yoshiharu was "shōgun" are more specifically identified by more than one era name or "nengō".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daiei" (1521–1528)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kyōroku" (1528–1532)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tenbun" (1532–1555)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) "Lessons from History: The Tokushi Yoron". Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. ; OCLC 7574544

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). "Nihon Ōdai Ichiran"; ou, "Annales des empereurs du Japon". Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 585069

description: 12th shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate

wikidata_label: Ashikaga Yoshiharu

wikipedia_title: Ashikaga Yoshiharu


text:
Spanish
architect of the Renaissance
Rascafría
Salamanca
Palace of Guzmanes
Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso
University of Alcalá de Henares
Trasmeran mason
Juan Gil de Hontañón
Segovia
Segovia
Antonio Palacios

categories: 16th-century Spanish architects,Renaissance architects,Madrilenian people,Spanish architects,1577 deaths,1500 births

paragraph: Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón

paragraph: Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón (1500–1577) was a Spanish architect of the Renaissance.

paragraph: He was born at Rascafría. His work alternated the late gothic with the renaissance style. His workings include the Palace of Monterrey in Salamanca, the Palace of Guzmanes in León, and the facade of the Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso at the University of Alcalá de Henares. He also worked in Arzobispo Fonseca College and in the Convent of San Esteban, both in Salamanca and in the Cathedral of Ciudad Rodrigo.

paragraph: He was the son of the Trasmeran mason named Juan Gil de Hontañón, Rodrigo continued the works in the cathedrals of Salamanca and Segovia, both begun by his father in Gothic style.

paragraph: Gil de Hontañón died at Segovia in 1577. His personal style has influenced the work of modern architects such as Antonio Palacios.

alias:
Rodrigo Gil de Ontañón
Rodrigo Gil De Hontañón
Rodrigo Xil
Rodrigo Gil
Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón Sanz

description: Spanish architect

wikidata_label: Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón

wikipedia_title: Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón


text:
Winter Olympics
Holmenkollen ski festival
Asia
1998 Winter Olympics
Holmenkollen winners since 1892

categories: Holmenkollen Ski Festival winners,Nordic combined skiers at the 1994 Winter Olympics,Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics,Medalists at the 1992 Winter Olympics,1969 births,Olympic gold medalists for Japan,Japanese male Nordic combined skiers,Competitors at the 1991 Winter Universiade,Universiade medalists in nordic combined,Universiade silver medalists for Japan,Olympic medalists in Nordic combined,Olympic silver medalists for Japan,Nordic combined skiers at the 1992 Winter Olympics,FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in Nordic combined,Competitors at the 1989 Winter Universiade,Living people,Olympic Nordic combined skiers of Japan

paragraph: Takanori Kono

paragraph: Kono won three medals at the Winter Olympics, including two golds (3 x 10 km team: 1992, 1994) and a silver (15 km individual: 1994). He also won two gold medals in the team event at the world championships (3 x 10 km: 1993, 4 x 5 km: 1995).

paragraph: Kono also won the Nordic combined event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1993, becoming the first Asian to win at the prestigious event.

paragraph: Kono was "Deputy Vice Mayor" of the Athletes Village at the 1998 Winter Olympics.

paragraph: He is now coach for the Japanese Nordic combined team, a role he has had since 2006.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holmenkollen winners since 1892 - click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file

description: Japanese Nordic combined skier

wikidata_label: Takanori Kono

wikipedia_title: Takanori Kono


text: Philip III of France

text: Isabella of Aragon

text: House of Capet

text: House of Valois

text: France

text: Margaret of Anjou

text: Catherine I

text: Latin Empire

text: Crusader States

text: House of Valois

text: Philip VI of France

text: appanage

text: Valois

text: Alençon

text: Perche

text: count of Anjou

text: Maine

text: Margaret

text: Charles II

text: Baldwin II de Courtenay

text: Latin emperor

text: Constantinople

text: Navarre

text: Naples

text: Philip VI

text: pope

text: King of Aragon

text: Holy See

text: Peter III

text: conquest of the island of Sicily

text: Aragonese Crusade

text: Philip III

text: Philip the Fair

text: Flanders

text: Frederick II of Sicily

text: peace of Caltabellotta

text: Catherine de Courtenay

text: Pope

text: Florence

text: Albert of Habsburg

text: Henry VII

text: Tournai

text: Enguerrand de Marigny

text: Jacques de Molay

text: Templars

text: Louis X

text: Philip

text: John I of France

text: Joan

text: Charles IV

text: Guyenne

text: Flanders

text: Edward II of England

text: Isabella

text: Nogent-le-Roi

text: Philip VI

text: Couvent des Jacobins

text: Paris

text: Basilica of St Denis

text: Margaret, Countess of Anjou

text: Charles II of Naples

text: Philip VI

text: Valois Dynasty

text: Joan of Valois

text: William I, Count of Hainaut

text: Margaret of Valois

text: Guy I of Blois-Châtillon

text: Count of Blois

text: Charles II of Valois

text: Battle of Crécy

text: Catherine I of Courtenay

text: Empress of Constantinople

text: Catherine II of Valois

text: Philip I d'Anjou, Prince of Taranto

text: Joan of Valois

text: Robert III of Artois

text: Fontevrault

text: Mahaut of Châtillon

text: Guy III of Châtillon

text: Count of Saint Pol

text: Marie of Valois

text: Charles, Duke of Calabria

text: Isabella of Valois

text: Peter I, Duke of Bourbon

text: Blanche of Valois

text: Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Chartres

text: Avignon

text: Les Rois maudits

text: historical novel

text: Maurice Druon

text: miniseries

text: Jacques Spiesser

text: Britannica entry on Charles of Valois

categories: Counts of Chartres,14th-century French people,13th-century peers of France,Counts of Anjou,Counts of Valois,1325 deaths,Counts of Maine,Counts of Alençon,People of the War of the Sicilian Vespers,13th-century French people,House of Capet,House of Valois,Heirs presumptive to the French throne,Latin Emperors of Constantinople,14th-century Latin Emperors of Constantinople,1270 births

paragraph: Charles, Count of Valois

paragraph: Charles of Valois (12 March 1270 – 16 December 1325), the third son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon, was a member of the House of Capet and founder of the House of Valois, whose rule over France would start in 1328.

paragraph: Charles ruled several principalities. He held in appanage the counties of Valois, Alençon and Perche. Through his marriage to Margaret of Anjou, he became Count of Anjou and Maine. Through his marriage to Catherine I, titular empress of the Latin Empire, he was titular Latin Emperor of Constantinople from 1301–1307, although he ruled from exile and only had authority over Crusader States in Greece.

paragraph: Grandson of Saint Louis, Charles of Valois is a son, brother, brother-in-law and son-in-law of kings or queens (of France, Navarre, England and Naples). His descendants, the House of Valois, would become the royal house of France three years after his death, beginning with his son Philip VI of France.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Charles had as appanage the counties of Valois, Alençon and Perche (1285). He became in 1290 count of Anjou and of Maine by his marriage with Margaret, eldest daughter of Charles II, titular king of Sicily; by a second marriage, contracted with the heiress of Baldwin II de Courtenay, last Latin emperor of Constantinople, he also had pretensions on this throne. But he was son, brother, brother-in-law, son-in-law, and uncle of kings or of queens (of France, of Navarre, of England, and of Naples), becoming, moreover, after his death, father of a king (Philip VI).

paragraph: Charles thus dreamed of more and sought all his life for a crown he never obtained. In 1284, the pope recognized him as King of Aragon (under the vassalage of the Holy See), as son of his mother, in opposition to King Peter III, who after the conquest of the island of Sicily was an enemy of the papacy. Charles then married Marguerite of Sicily, daughter of the Neapolitan king, in order to re-enforce his position in Sicily, supported by the Pope. Thanks to this Aragonese Crusade undertaken by his father Philip III against the advice of his brother, the future Philip the Fair, he believed he would win a kingdom and won nothing but the ridicule of having been crowned with a cardinal's hat in 1285, which gave him the sobriquet of the "King of the Cap." He would never dare to use the royal seal which was made on this occasion and would have to renounce the title.

paragraph: His principal quality was to be a good military leader. He commanded effectively in Flanders in 1297. The king quickly deduced that his brother could conduct an expedition in Italy against Frederick II of Sicily. The affair was ended by the peace of Caltabellotta.

paragraph: Charles dreamed at the same time of the imperial crown and married in 1301 Catherine de Courtenay, who was a titular empress. But it needed the connivance of the Pope, which he obtained by his expedition to Italy, where he supported Charles II of Anjou against Frederick II of Sicily, his cousin. Named papal vicar, he lost himself in the imbroglio of Italian politics, was compromised in a massacre at Florence and in sordid financial exigencies, reached Sicily where he consolidated his reputation as a looter and finally returned to France discredited in 1301–1302.

paragraph: Charles was back in shape to seek a new crown when the German king Albert of Habsburg was murdered in 1308. Charles's brother, who did not wish to take the risk himself of a check and probably thought that a French puppet on the imperial throne would be a good thing for France, encouraged him. The candidacy was defeated with the election of Henry VII as German king, for the electors did not want France to become even more powerful. Charles continued to dream of the eastern crown of the Courtenays.

paragraph: He did benefit from the affection which Philip the Fair, who had suffered from the remarriage of their father, brought to his only full brother, and he found himself given responsibilities which largely exceeded his talent. Thus it was he who directed in 1311 the royal embassy to the conferences of Tournai with the Flemish; he quarreled there with his brother's chamberlain Enguerrand de Marigny, who openly flouted him. Charles did not pardon the affront and would continue the vendetta against Marigny after the king's death.

paragraph: He was doggedly opposed to the torture of Jacques de Molay, grand master of the Templars, in 1314.

paragraph: The premature death of Louis X in 1316 gave Charles hopes for a political role, but he could not prevent his nephew Philip, from taking the regency while awaiting the birth of Louis X's posthumous son. When that son (John I of France) died after a few days, Philip took the throne as Philip V. Charles was initially opposed to Philip's succession, for Louis X had left behind a daughter, Joan. However, he later switched sides and backed Philip V, probably realizing that Philip's precedent would bring him and his line closer to the throne.

paragraph: In 1324, he commanded with success the army of his nephew Charles IV (who succeeded Philip V in 1322) to take Guyenne and Flanders from King Edward II of England. He contributed, by the capture of several cities, to accelerate the peace, which was concluded between the king of France and his niece, Isabella, queen-consort of England.

paragraph: The Count of Valois died 16 December 1325 at Nogent-le-Roi, leaving a son who would take the throne of France under the name of Philip VI and commence the branch of the Valois: a posthumous revenge for the man of whom it was said, "Son of a king, brother of a king, uncle of three kings, father of a king, but never king himself." Had he survived for three more years and outlived his nephew, Charles would have become King of France in his own right. Charles was buried in the now-demolished church of the Couvent des Jacobins in Paris – his effigy is now in the Basilica of St Denis.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and children.

paragraph: Charles was married three times.

paragraph: His first marriage, in 1290, was to his double second cousin Margaret, Countess of Anjou, (1272–1299), daughter of King Charles II of Naples. They had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabelle of Valois (1292 – 1309). Married John, Prince of Brittany (later Duke John III).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip VI (1293 – 22 August 1350), first King of the Valois Dynasty.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joan of Valois (1294 – 7 March 1342). Married William I, Count of Hainaut, and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret of Valois (1295 – July 1342). Married Guy I of Blois-Châtillon, Count of Blois, and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles II of Valois (1297 – 26 August 1346 at the Battle of Crécy), Count of Alençon. Married first Jeanne de Joigny and second Marie de la Cerda and had issue from the second marriage.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine of Valois (1299 – died young).

paragraph: In 1302 he remarried Catherine I of Courtenay (1274–1307), titular Empress of Constantinople. They had four children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John of Valois (1302 – 1308), Count of Chartres.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine II of Valois (1303 – October 1346), titular Empress of Constantinople and Princess of Achaea. She married Philip I d'Anjou, Prince of Taranto, and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joan of Valois (1304 – 9 July 1363). Married Count Robert III of Artois and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabelle of Valois (1305 – 11 November 1349), Abbess of Fontevrault.

paragraph: Finally, in 1308, he married Mahaut of Châtillon (1293–1358), daughter of Guy III of Châtillon, Count of Saint Pol. They had also four children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marie of Valois (1309 – 28 October 1332). Married Charles, Duke of Calabria, and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabella of Valois (1313 – 26 July 1383). She married Peter I, Duke of Bourbon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blanche of Valois (1317 – 1348). She married Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Sometimes called "Marguerite".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis of Valois (1318 – 2 November 1328), Count of Chartres and Lord of Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais.

paragraph: Charles de Valois was also known to have one natural child by an unknown mother. This child was placed in a nunnery, and yet was also treated as a legitimate heir to estates, being granted title to lands in Avignon upon her majority:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theresa of Avignon, Countess of Avignon (1335–1387)

paragraph: Section::::In fiction.

paragraph: Charles is a major character in "Les Rois maudits" ("The Accursed Kings"), a series of French historical novels by Maurice Druon. He was portrayed by in the 1972 French miniseries adaptation of the series, and by Jacques Spiesser in the 2005 adaptation.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Debating the Hundred Years War", Vol.29, Ed. Craig Taylor, University of Cambridge, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Housley, Norman, "The later Crusades, 1274–1580: from Lyons to Alcazar", Oxford University Press, 1992.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 214

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown University History Page on Charles of Valois

paragraph: BULLET::::- Britannica entry on Charles of Valois

paragraph: BULLET::::- (fr)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historia Nostra page on Charles de Valois (fr)

description: Emperor of Constantinople

wikidata_label: Charles of Valois

wikipedia_title: Charles, Count of Valois


text:
graphic designer
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Quincy, Massachusetts
Bachelor of Fine Arts
Massachusetts College of Art
Muriel Cooper
Ralph Coburn
International Typographic Style
Karl Gerstner
Armin Hofmann
Josef Müller-Brockmann
visual pun
Chelsea School of Art
London College of Printing
MIT Media Laboratory
Library of Congress
Museum of Modern Art
Cooper-Hewitt Museum
MIT Museum
Rochester Institute of Technology

categories: Women graphic designers,1992 deaths,American graphic designers,1927 births,Massachusetts College of Art and Design alumni

paragraph: Jacqueline Casey

paragraph: Jacqueline Casey (20 April 1927 – 18 May 1992) was a graphic designer best known for the posters she created for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Casey was born in 1927 in Quincy, Massachusetts. She studied for a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in fashion design and illustration at the Massachusetts College of Art (MassArt), graduating in 1949. After graduating, she had a number of jobs, including work in interior design and advertising.

paragraph: Section::::MIT.

paragraph: In 1955, she was recruited by fellow MassArt alumna Muriel Cooper to work at the Office of Publications at MIT. In 1972, Casey became Director, taking over this position as her colleague joined the MIT faculty. The two women were among the few working at this professional level at MIT of the time.

paragraph: During her tenure as Director, Casey became known for designing distinctive publicity posters for MIT events, working alongside Ralph Coburn and Dietmar Winkler. Casey's designs were influenced by the International Typographic Style recently developed in Switzerland, particularly designers such as Karl Gerstner, Armin Hofmann and Josef Müller-Brockmann.

paragraph: Casey's posters generally consisted of a striking image or bold typography, accompanied by informational details in smaller text. She often used typographic wordplay and visual puns in her work. Speaking of her designs in 1988, she said: "My job is to stop anyone I can with an arresting or puzzling image, and entice the viewer to read the message in small type and above all to attend the exhibition."

paragraph: As well as being used for promotion of on-campus events and in MIT publications, Casey's work was exhibited at MIT, the Chelsea School of Art in London, and the London College of Printing.

paragraph: Casey retired from her role as director in 1989, but continued to work as a visiting scholar at the MIT Media Laboratory.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Casey's work is held in the permanent collections of the Library of Congress, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and the Cooper-Hewitt Museum.

paragraph: The MIT Museum mounted an exhibition of Casey's graphic work in 1992, and again in 2012. In addition to the MIT holdings, the Rochester Institute of Technology has a collection of 99 posters, donated posthumously at the designer's request.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: Casey has received numerous awards and honors for her work, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- William J. Gunn Award, Creative Club of Boston. 1988.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary doctorate of fine arts, Massachusetts College of Art. 1990.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Appointed by the late President Bartlett A. Giamatti of Yale University to the Visiting Committee of the Yale School of Graphic Design.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Member of the Alliance Graphique Internationale and of the American Institute of Graphic Arts.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Posters: Jacqueline S. Casey, Thirty Years of Design at MIT". Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Museum, 1992.

description: American graphic designer

wikidata_label: Jacqueline Casey

wikipedia_title: Jacqueline Casey