text:
Alid
Abbasid Caliphate
Yemen
Fourth Fitna
Mecca
al-Ma'mun
Alid
imam
Musa al-Kazim
'Ali ibn Abi Talib
'Ali ibn Musa al-Rida
al-Ma'mun
civil war
al-Amin
Baghdad
Mecca
Abu al-Saraya al-Sari ibn Mansur
Iraq
al-Kufah
al-Basrah
Medina
Yemen
Ishaq ibn Musa ibn 'Isa al-Hashimi
Hijaz
Sana'a
pilgrimage
Hamdawayh ibn 'Ali ibn 'Isa ibn Mahan
al-Yaq'ubi
Sa'dah
mawla
Sayf ibn Dhi-Yazan
oath of allegiance
al-Mas'udi
Baghdad
'Isa ibn Yazid al-Juludi
'Ubaydallah ibn al-Hasan al-Talibi
al-Kazimiyyah

categories: History of Mecca,140s births,Rebellions against the Abbasid Caliphate,9th-century Arabs,Alids,Yemen under the Abbasid Caliphate,Fourth Fitna

paragraph: Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Kazim

paragraph: Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Kazim (), known as al-Jazzar (, "the Butcher"), died 825 or after 837, was a ninth century Alid leader who led a rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate in the Yemen in the aftermath of the Fourth Fitna. He later seized control of Mecca in ca. 817, and was subsequently recognized as legal governor of the city by the caliph al-Ma'mun.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: An Alid by birth, Ibrahim was one of the eighteen or nineteen sons of the seventh Shi'ite imam Musa al-Kazim (d. 799), and a great-great-great-great-grandson of 'Ali ibn Abi Talib. He was a brother of the eighth imam 'Ali ibn Musa al-Rida (d. 818), who was briefly the designated heir of the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun (r. 813–833).

paragraph: Section::::Revolt in the Yemen.

paragraph: Ibrahim became active as a rebel following the damaging civil war of 811–813 between the rival caliphs al-Amin and al-Ma'mun, which had greatly weakened the ability of the Abbasid government to maintain its authority in Baghdad and the provinces of the empire. While in Mecca in 815, he was appointed by Abu al-Saraya al-Sari ibn Mansur, who had launched a pro-Alid revolt in southern Iraq and seized the cities of al-Kufah, al-Basrah, Mecca, and Medina, to conquer the Yemen on his behalf, and he accordingly marched south toward the province with a large force. Upon learning of his advance, the governor of the Yemen, Ishaq ibn Musa ibn 'Isa al-Hashimi, decided against putting up any resistance and instead withdrew with his troops for the Hijaz, in effect surrendering the province to Ibrahim. The latter was consequently able to enter the Yemen without facing any significant resistance, and he proceeded to occupy Sana'a in September 815 and take control of the country.

paragraph: Ibrahim was able to maintain his hold over the Yemen for approximately a year, during which time he minted coins in his own name. His severe administration of the province, which was characterized by frequent killings, acts of enslavement, and confiscations of private property, soon caused him to develop a reputation for brutality, and he became known by the title of al-Jazzar ("the Butcher"). Especially harsh measures were taken on behalf of his tribal allies, who assisted him in his rule of the country, and at their request he arrested several chiefs of their rivals, killing several of them and forcing others into exile.

paragraph: After spending several months in the Yemen, Ibrahim attempted to assert his authority over Mecca as well, and dispatched an army to the city to lead the pilgrimage of 816 in the name of the Alids. Upon their arrival at Mecca, however, his forces were unable to enter the city due to the presence of Abbasid reinforcements, and instead took to conducting raiding activities in the neighboring area until they were defeated and dispersed. Soon afterwards, Ibrahim learned that another army under the command of Hamdawayh ibn 'Ali ibn 'Isa ibn Mahan was marching toward the Yemen in order to reassert government control over the province, and he set out with his own men to halt Hamdawayh's advance. In the resulting engagement, Ibrahim was defeated and put to flight, and Hamdawayh was able to enter Sana'a and establish himself as governor, putting an end to Alid rule of the province.

paragraph: Section::::Seizure of Mecca.

paragraph: Ibrahim's movements in the aftermath of his defeat against Hamdawayh are reported differently by various sources; al-Yaq'ubi states that he went straight to Mecca, while Yemeni writers claim that he remained in the province until 818, during which period he undertook punitive actions against a number of tribes that opposed him. It may have been around this time that he destroyed al-Khaniq, a sixth century dam near Sa'dah built by a "mawla" of Sayf ibn Dhi-Yazan, and devastated the old town of Sa'dah as well. At some point, however, he decided to depart from the Yemen and set out with his supporters, traveling north until he reached the outskirts of Mecca. In response to his approach, the officer in command of the city, Yazid ibn Muhammad al-Makhzumi, came out to face him, but the rebels defeated him in battle, killing him and routing his forces. With the defeat of Yazid, Ibrahim was free to enter Mecca and occupy it, and he established himself as master of the city and surrounding territory.

paragraph: Section::::Rapprochement with al-Ma'mun.

paragraph: A change in Ibrahim's relationship with the Abbasid government occurred in 817, when the caliph al-Ma'mun decided to show favoritism to the Alids and designated Ibrahim's brother 'Ali ibn Musa al-Rida as his heir to the caliphate, while at the same time pardoning several Alids who had rebelled against him. Toward this end, the central government reconciled with Ibrahim, who was still in Mecca, and formally gave him control of the city by recognizing him as its governor. With his rule over Mecca now legitimized, Ibrahim implemented the caliph's pro-Alid policy in the city and rendered the oath of allegiance to 'Ali. A short time later he headed the pilgrimage of 818 and invoked his brother in the prayers as heir to al-Ma'mun, making him, according to al-Mas'udi, the first descendant of Abu Talib to lead the pilgrimage since the coming of Islam.

paragraph: In addition to receiving legal control over Mecca, Ibrahim was granted the governorship of the Yemen, which was still in the hands of Hamdawayh ibn 'Ali. When Hamdawayh refused to yield the province, however, Ibrahim decided to dislodge him by force and organized an expedition against him. He soon reached the Yemen in mid-818 and made his way toward Sana'a, but he was met by Hamdawayh and his forces as he approached the town. The battle that followed went badly for Ibrahim, whose army was routed by Hamdawayh's, and he was forced to retreat back to the Hijaz, abandoning his hopes to recover the province.

paragraph: Following his defeat in the Yemen, Ibrahim returned to Mecca, where he remained until 820. In that year he was dispatched to Baghdad by the military commander 'Isa ibn Yazid al-Juludi, and 'Ubaydallah ibn al-Hasan al-Talibi was appointed as governor of the city in his place.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Ibrahim died in Baghdad, reportedly from poisoning, and was buried next to his father in the graveyard of Quraysh in al-Kazimiyyah. Various dates are given for his death, including in 825 and after 837.

wikidata_label: Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Kazim

wikipedia_title: Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Kazim


href: Italians jewellery jewellery%20designer government%20organisations Italy goldsmith manufacturer goldsmithing metalwork fashion Rome New%20York%20City jewellery%20designer education Rome Rome Spanish%20Steps company jewellery jewellery jewellery

text:
Italian
jewellery
jewellery designer
government organisations
Italian
goldsmith
manufacturer
goldsmithing
metalwork
fashion
Rome
New York City
jewellery designer
education
Rome
Rome
Spanish Steps
company
jewellery
jewellery
jewellery

categories: 1966 births,Italian jewellery designers,Living people

paragraph: Paola De Luca

paragraph: Paola De Luca (born 18 November 1966) is an Italian luxury trends forecaster, best known for developing a Trend Book predicting global jewellery design trends, and began her career as a jewellery designer. More recently, she has worked as Design Director of Rio Tinto Diamonds since 2010. De Luca is the founder of The Futurist Ltd, a research and creative intelligence company that carries out projects for clients in the global luxury sector. De Luca leads design projects and educational programmes for buyers and government organisations, and gives seminars forecasting global jewellery design trends at international trade fairs. She was a pioneer in the field of jewellery design trend forecasting reports, which she started as in-house research while working for UnoAErre, a leading Italian goldsmith and manufacturer. De Luca studied goldsmithing, metalwork, fashion and arts design in Rome before moving to New York City in her early 20s where she worked as a fashion and design director for UnoAErre and for brands such as Fendi.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: De Luca traces her roots as a jewellery designer to her upbringing and education in Rome. As a teenager, after school she would wander round the Via Condotti neighbourhood, fascinated by the latest fashions and accessories on display in the shop windows of Rome’s fashion district near the Spanish Steps.

paragraph: Section::::Recent career.

paragraph: De Luca established TJF Group Ltd, a research company mainly focused on global jewellery design trends, in partnership with CRU Group of London, in 2002. For a decade TJF Group focused on research into jewellery branding and design trends, and published TJF Magazine, a glossy print periodical distributed to the international jewellery trade. TJF Group launched the "TJF Trend Book", one of the world's first authoritative jewellery trends publications which forecast global design themes up to two seasons into the future, based on extensive industry research.

wikidata_label: Paola De Luca

wikipedia_title: Paola De Luca


text:
Constable of France
Bouchard V de Montmorency
Baldwin IV of Hainault
Matthieu I of Montmorency
Constable of France
Alice FitzRoy
Henry I of England
Philip Augustus
Château Gaillard
Battle of Bouvines
Albigensian Crusade
Louis VIII of France
conquered La Rochelle
Blanche of Castile
Ralph, Count of Soissons
Guy V de Laval
Frederick I, Duke of Lorraine
Bouchard VI de Montmorency
Battle of Al Mansurah
Marie, Countess of Ponthieu
Guy VII de Laval

categories: Constables of France,1174 births,12th-century French people,1230 deaths

paragraph: Matthew II of Montmorency

paragraph: Matthew II or Mathieu II (died 24 November 1230), called "the Great" or "the Great Constable", was lord of Montmorency from 1189 and Constable of France from 1218 to 1230.

paragraph: He was the son of Bouchard V de Montmorency, who died in Jerusalem in 1189 and Lauretta (Laurence) de Hainaut (died 1181), daughter of Baldwin IV of Hainault. His paternal grandparents were Matthieu I of Montmorency, Constable of France and Alice FitzRoy, illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England.

paragraph: He participated in the French conquest of Normandy by Philip Augustus, where he distinguished himself during the siege of Château Gaillard in 1204. He played a vital role in the Battle of Bouvines in 1214, where he captured twelve enemy banners (in memory of this feat, the shield of Montmorency includes an additional twelve eagles or sixteen altogether instead of four previously).

paragraph: In 1215, he joined the Albigensian Crusade and became here, as Constable of France, head of the French Army in 1218.

paragraph: In the service of King Louis VIII of France, he conquered La Rochelle and several other cities from the English in 1224. When the King died in 1226, he protected the interests of the infant dauphin and the Queen-Regent Blanche of Castile.

paragraph: He died in 1230, returning from a campaign against Anjou.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and Children.

paragraph: Matthieu II married in 1193 with Gertrude of Soissons, daughter of Ralph, Count of Soissons.

paragraph: After this marriage was annulled, Matthieu II remarried with Emma of Laval (1200–1264), daughter and heiress of late Guy V de Laval.

paragraph: From the first marriage, he had 4 children :

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gertrude (died 1256), married Simon III de Parroye and Thierry le Diable, son of Frederick I, Duke of Lorraine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bouchard VI de Montmorency (died 1243), succeeded his father as Lord of Montmorency.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matthias (died February 1250 in the Battle of Al Mansurah, Egypt), married Marie, Countess of Ponthieu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean, Lord of Roissy (1226–36)

paragraph: From his second marriage, he had 4 children :

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guy VII de Laval (1219–1265), succeeded his mother as Lord of Laval

paragraph: BULLET::::- Avoise, married Jacques de Château-Gontier

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johanna

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alix ?, married to Roger lord of Rozoy (also killed at Al Mansurah)

wikidata_label: Mathieu II de Montmorency

wikipedia_title: Matthew II of Montmorency


text: stage name

text: rock music

text: Cop Shoot Cop

text: Firewater

text: singer-songwriter

text: bass guitar

text: Shithäus

text: The Blues Explosion

text: Bushwick, Brooklyn

text: Far East

text: Calcutta, India

text: Bangkok, Thailand

text: Firewater

categories: People from Middlesex County, New Jersey,Noise rock musicians,Firewater (band) members,Cop Shoot Cop members,American male singers,American male bass guitarists,Guitarists from New York (state),Singers from New Jersey,Guitarists from New Jersey,American industrial musicians,1965 births,20th-century American bass guitarists,People from Bushwick, Brooklyn,Songwriters from New Jersey,Living people,American rock bass guitarists

paragraph: Tod Ashley

paragraph: Tod Ashley is a musician better known by the stage name Tod A. He founded the rock music groups Cop Shoot Cop and Firewater, and is a singer-songwriter and bass guitarist.

paragraph: Ashley also spent time while in art school in a band called Shithäus with Jon Spencer, later of The Blues Explosion.

paragraph: Ashley was living in Bushwick, Brooklyn when he decided that he wanted to travel the world. In 2005, putting his musical career on hiatus, Tod spent most of the year traveling the Far East, including Calcutta, India and Bangkok, Thailand. He has published a written account of his travels in a blog, which he calls "Postcards From the Other Side of the World". He lived in Bali for three years until 2010.

paragraph: In 2019, Ashley published his first novel, "Banging the Monkey" based on his experiences abroad.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cop Shoot Cop

paragraph: BULLET::::- Firewater

paragraph: BULLET::::- Other appearances

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Tod Hole - A Firewater, Cop Shoot Cop, and related band depository

paragraph: BULLET::::- 90.3 WCPN Cleveland - Podcast interview with Tod A.

description: American musician

enwikiquote_title: Tod A

wikidata_label: Tod Ashley

wikipedia_title: Tod Ashley


text:
United Kingdom
London
Bank of England
East India Company
Portuguese
Brazil
emancipation
University College London
Jewish Disabilities
Parliament
Sir Robert Grant
House of Lords
University College Hospital
penal code
Lord Melbourne
Sir Francis Goldsmid, 2nd Baronet
Somerhill House
Tonbridge
Kent
Frederick
Goldsmid
History of the Jews in England
Jewish Encyclopedia

categories: Goldsmid family,1859 deaths,1778 births,Fellows of the Royal Society,People associated with University College London,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom,English people of Dutch-Jewish descent,English Jews,Businesspeople from London,English philanthropists

paragraph: Isaac Goldsmid

paragraph: Sir Isaac Lyon Goldsmid, 1st Baronet (13 January 1778 – 27 April 1859) was a financier and one of the leading figures in the Jewish emancipation in the United Kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Birth.

paragraph: Isaac Goldsmid was born in London on 13 January 1778.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.

paragraph: He began in business with a firm of bullion brokers to the Bank of England and the East India Company. He amassed a large fortune, and was made "Baron da Palmeira" by the Portuguese government in 1846 for services rendered in settling a monetary dispute between Portugal and Brazil.

paragraph: Moreover, he assisted by his capital and his enterprise to build some of the railways in southern England and also the London docks.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Philanthropy.

paragraph: He is chiefly known for his efforts to obtain the emancipation of the Jews in England and for his part in founding University College London. The Jewish Disabilities Bill, first introduced in Parliament by Sir Robert Grant in 1830, owed its final passage through the House of Lords in 1858 to Goldsmid's energetic work.

paragraph: He helped to establish the University College Hospital in 1834, serving as its treasurer for eighteen years, and also aided in the efforts to obtain reform in the English penal code.

paragraph: In 1841, he became the first (unconverted to Christianity) Jewish baronet, the honour being conferred upon him by Lord Melbourne.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Personal life and death.

paragraph: He married his cousin Isabel and their second son was Sir Francis Goldsmid, 2nd Baronet (1808–1878). In 1849, he bought Somerhill House near Tonbridge, Kent.

paragraph: He died on 27 April 1859. Upon his death, it passed to his son Frederick.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Goldsmid – article about the Goldsmid family

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of the Jews in England

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jewish Encyclopedia

description: British businessman

wikidata_label: Sir Isaac Goldsmid, 1st Baronet

wikipedia_title: Isaac Goldsmid


text:
Byzantine
catepan of Italy
John Skylitzes
Basil II
Arab
Nasr ibn Musharraf al-Rawadif
Jabal Rawadif
Antioch
doux
Michael Spondyles
Romanos III Argyros
Catepan of Italy
protospatharios
katepano
Lupus Protospatharius
Bari
Catepan of Italy
Uggiano
Emirate of Sicily
Cassano
metropolitan see
Reggio di Calabria
Zoe

categories: Argyros family,11th-century catepans of Italy,Byzantine people of the Arab–Byzantine wars,Byzantines killed in battle

paragraph: Pothos Argyros (11th century)

paragraph: Pothos Argyros or Argyrus (; ) was a Byzantine commander, who served as the catepan of Italy during the eventful years of 1029 to 1031.

paragraph: Pothos is first mentioned in the history of John Skylitzes in , or perhaps still under Basil II (), as a commander in the eastern frontier, when he captured the Arab chieftain Nasr ibn Musharraf al-Rawadif, ruler of the disputed border area of Jabal Rawadif near Antioch. Nasr succeeded in being set free after promising assistance to Pothos' superior, the "doux" of Antioch, Michael Spondyles.

paragraph: Following the rise to the throne of Romanos III Argyros (), Pothos was appointed Catepan of Italy in 1029. Pothos' relation to Romanos III is unknown, but according to the historians Jean-Claude Ceynet and Jean-François Vannier, he may have been his nephew. A surviving lead seal of office gives his titles as ""protospatharios" and "katepano" [catepan] of Italy".

paragraph: According to Lupus Protospatharius, he arrived at Bari as the new Catepan of Italy in July 1029, and immediately fought in its vicinity against the Muslim commander Rayca, who had previously forced the capitulation of the fortress of Obbianum (probably modern Uggiano). Lupus then reports that in 1031 (or 1032, according to some modern interpretations), he faced another invasion by the Emirate of Sicily. The Italian chroniclers report that the Muslims sacked Cassano in June, and that, hurrying to confront them, on 3 July, Pothos Argyros was defeated and killed.

paragraph: Pothos' death in battle is not entirely certain, however, since an inventory of the metropolitan see of Reggio di Calabria includes a set of panegyrics offered by "kyr" Pothos and his wife, both related to a possession of a "katepanissa" Theoktiste. An identification of Theoktiste with the wife of "kyr" Pothos, and of Pothos with the catepan is very likely, but the copyist of the works recorded that this was done in 1033/34, "during the times of catepan Pothos, under the reign of Romanos and Zoe", by which time Pothos is supposed to have been dead.

description: Byzantine catepan of Italy

wikidata_label: Pothos Argyros

wikipedia_title: Pothos Argyros (11th century)


text: lute

text: Renaissance

text: Pressburg

text: Bratislava

text: Slovakia

text: Nuremberg

text: Zotenberg

text: Nuremberg

text: Melchior Neusidler

text: Konrad Neusidler

text: Hans Judenkunig

text: Hans Gerle

text: intabulation

text: chanson

text: madrigals

text: improvisatory

text: performance practice

text: bitonality

text: Denkmäler der Tonkunst in Österreich

text: tablature

text: scordatura

text: Obrecht

text: Capilla Flamenca

text: Piffaro

categories: 16th-century classical composers,Composers for lute,German classical composers,People from Bratislava,Renaissance composers,German male classical composers,1563 deaths,Lutenists

paragraph: Hans Neusidler

paragraph: Hans Neusidler (also Neusiedler, Newsidler) (c.1508 – 2 February 1563), was a German composer and lutenist of the Renaissance.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Neusidler was born in Pressburg (today Bratislava, Slovakia) and first enters the historical record in 1530, when he settled in Nuremberg, Germany. He was issued a residence permit by the city council in February and married there in September. In April 1531, he became a citizen and soon after bought a house on the Zotenberg. He taught lute there in the 1530s, publishing eight books of lute music between 1536 and 1549, and also went into business as a lute maker by 1550. He fathered thirteen children with his first wife, which resulted in his having enormous financial troubles; he eventually sold his house to pay his debts. In January 1556, his wife died, and he remarried five months later; his second wife bore him four more children before her death in August 1562. Neusidler died in Nuremberg.

paragraph: Hans's sons, Melchior Neusidler (1531–1590) and Konrad Neusidler (1541-after 1604) were also well-known lutenists and composers.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Neusidler, along with Hans Judenkunig and Hans Gerle, was one of the most important early German lutenists. His eight publications feature intabulations of German songs, French chansons, Italian madrigals, dance pieces, and preludes of an improvisatory nature. Most of the works are in three parts, but there are two-part pieces for beginners and a few four-part arrangements in two of his publications. He republished popular works with newer arrangements in his later books. The initial 1536 publication, which was a beginner's collection, opens with a written introduction to lute playing which gives insight into contemporaneous performance practice.

paragraph: A somewhat infamous piece is "Der Juden Tanz", often cited as an example of bitonality "not lacking a touch of satire". It was first transcribed in "Denkmäler der Tonkunst in Österreich" and appears in Davison & Apel's "Historical Anthology of Music" as a melody in a sort of diminished D accompanied by an E/B drone. Apel gives a facsimile of the tablature in "The Notation of Polyphonic Music" that includes Neusidler's scordatura instructions, but he interprets "die Obrer quint saitten muß man dem t gleich ziehen" (with the "fifth" string being the chanterelle and "t" the lowest drone) as requiring the tuning G-d-d-a-d-'f'. If instead the outer strings are tuned to the same pitch the piece sounds rather more typical of the rest of Neusidler's work.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: All publications are for lute and were published in Nuremberg.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ein newgeordent künstlich Lautenbuch in zwen Theyl getheylt: der erst für die anfahenden Schuler" (1536)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der ander Theil des Lautenbuchs: darin sind begriffen vil ausserlesner kunstreycher Stuck von Fantaseyen, Preambeln, Psalmen, und Muteten … auff die Lauten dargeben" (1536)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ein newes Lautenbüchlein mit vil schonen Liedern" (1540)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das erst Buch: ein newes Lautenbüchlein mit vil feiner lieblichen Liedern für die jungen Schuler" (1544)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das ander Buch: ein new künstlich Lautten Buch für die anfahenden Schuler" (1544)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das dritt Buch: ein new kunstlich Lauten Buch darin vil trefflicher … Kunst Stück von Psalmen und Muteten" (1544)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das erst Buch: ein newes Lautenbüchlein mit vil feiner lieblichen Liedern, für die jungen Schuler" (1547)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das ander Buch: ein new künstlich Lauten Buch erst yetzo von newem gemacht für junge und alte Schüler" (1549)

paragraph: Section::::Recording.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 – "Obrecht. Chansons, Songs, Motets." Capilla Flamenca and Piffaro. Eufoda 1361.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Radke/Boetticher/Meyer. "Hans Neusidler". "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" online.

description: German composer

wikidata_label: Hans Neusidler

wikipedia_title: Hans Neusidler


text: Nuremberg

text: lute

text: Renaissance

text: Conrad Gerle

text: Hieronymus Formschneider

text: viola da gamba

text: rebec

text: musical notation

text: performance practice

text: intabulation

text: Ludwig Senfl

text: Johann Walter

text: Heinrich Isaac

text: Thomas Stoltzer

text: Paul Hofhaimer

text: Hayne van Ghizeghem

text: Josquin des Prez

text: Jacob Obrecht

text: Claudin de Sermisy

text: Adrian Willaert

text: Jean Mouton

text: Giovanni Maria da Crema

text: Domenico Bianchini

text: Simon Gintzler

text: Francesco Canova da Milano

text: Pietro Paolo Borrono

text: Alberto da Ripa

text: Howard Mayer Brown

text: Lynda Sayce

categories: Composers for lute,German lutenists,German classical composers,Renaissance composers,1570 deaths,1500 births

paragraph: Hans Gerle

paragraph: Hans Gerle (c.1500, Nuremberg - 1570, Nuremberg) was a German lutenist and arranger of the Renaissance.

paragraph: Little concrete information is available regarding Gerle's life. His father was probably Conrad Gerle (died 1521), one of the city's better-known lute makers. Gerle likely spent his entire life in Nuremberg.

paragraph: Gerle published three volumes of lute music through Hieronymus Formschneider, a Nuremberg publisher. The first two were issued in 1532-33, and the last in 1552; this third volume refers to Gerle as "the elder" on the title page, so it is presumed that Gerle had either a son or another relative with the same name. The first publication contains an introduction to the performance of lute, viola da gamba ("Grossgeigen"), and rebec ("Kleingeigen"), as well as an explanation of musical notation, and is a significant source of information on performance practice. The book is primarily made up of intabulations of German composers such as Ludwig Senfl, Johann Walter, Heinrich Isaac, Thomas Stoltzer, and Paul Hofhaimer.

paragraph: His second volume, for solo lute, features works from many older composers, such as Hayne van Ghizeghem, Josquin des Prez, Isaac, and Jacob Obrecht, as well as popular contemporaries such as Claudin de Sermisy, Adrian Willaert, Jean Mouton, and Senfl. The third volume was a transcription into German tablature of pieces previously only available in Italian tablature, including works of Giovanni Maria da Crema, Domenico Bianchini, Simon Gintzler, Francesco Canova da Milano, Pietro Paolo Borrono, and Alberto da Ripa.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Musica teusch, auf die Instrument der grossen unnd kleinen Geygen, auch Lautten" (1532)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tabulatur auff die Laudten" (1533)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eyn newes sehr künstlichs Lautenbuch" (1552)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Howard Mayer Brown and Lynda Sayce, "Hans Gerle". "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" online.

description: German composer

wikidata_label: Hans Gerle

wikipedia_title: Hans Gerle


text:
contemporary
Persian
composer
pianist
New York City
Abrons Arts Center
Manhattan School of Music
New Complexity
James Dillon
Brian Ferneyhough
Richard Barret
Michael Finnissy
electroacoustic music
NODET
University of Tehran
Alireza Mashayekhi
Fajr International Music Festival
New York Foundation for the Arts
State University of New York
Daria Semegen
Bülent Arel

wikipedia_title: National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents

categories: 20th-century classical composers,People from Tehran,Iranian composers,Living people,1984 births,Male classical composers,21st-century classical composers,20th-century male musicians

paragraph: Saman Samadi

paragraph: Saman Samadi (born 1984) is a contemporary Persian composer and pianist residing in New York City.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Saman Samadi's work has been performed internationally—in the mid & far East, Europe, and on both coasts of the U.S. His prolific repertoire of orchestral, chamber, solo and electro-acoustic music has been performed and recorded by many musicians, including: "Miranda Cuckson, Austin Wulliman, Linda Wetherill, Anthony Izzo, Kristin Samadi, Ensemble ECHO, Stony Brook Symphony Orchestra, Jaram Kim, Erika Dohi, Dan Keene, and Jared Redmond".

paragraph: Samadi's works have been extensively performed at numerous venues, among them, "Lincoln Center, SpectrumNYC, The Firehouse Space, Abrons Arts Center, LeFrak Concert Hall at The Aaron Copland School of Music, LaGuardia Performing Arts Center, Scholes Street Studio, ShapeShifter Lab, Harvestworks, Drawing Room, Sky Gallery, The San Francisco Center for Music,  Staller Center for the Arts at Stony Brook, Hangyang University of Seoul, South Korea, The Museum of Modern Art André Malraux (MuMa) in Le Havre, Avini Hall at University of Tehran, and Roudaki Hall," Iran’s most prestigious music space.

paragraph: Samadi has been active in New York City’s downtown scene performing there since 2015. Most recently, Saman formed the "Saman Samadi Quintet", an improvisational collaboration with various alumni from the "Manhattan School of Music". In 2016, Samadi invited German "Buchla" player, Hans Tammen, and American clarinetist Blaise Siwula to collaborate in a structured, yet free, improvisational performance, which led to the formation of the "Āpām Napāt Trio". The trio performs around town.

paragraph: Saman Samadi’s music was inspired early by those composers who are known under the rubric "New Complexity" ("James Dillon, Brian Ferneyhough, Richard Barret, and Michael Finnissy"); however, in 2010, he developed his own unique compositional method, one which entails a new system of pitch organization, using microtonal scales derived from traditional Persian modal music, multilayered textures, complex polyrhythms, and polymeter; all traced within a detailed system of musical notation permitting replication. An interest in electroacoustic music led him to prepare 30 pieces from which four albums have so far resulted. Saman has recorded several albums of music, including "Microtonal Piano Solos, Shekasteh Mouyeh, U-Turn, Paj, Scheherazade, Tears’ Scratch, Āpām Napāt, Chamrosh, and Nostalgia."

paragraph: Samadi received his degree in mathematics from "NODET", an Iranian educational institution for mathematical prodigies. He then entered the "University of Tehran" as an undergraduate student in Music Performance, where he earned his Masters’ degree in Music Composition. While studying there, "Alireza Mashayekhi", an internationally regarded composer who also utilizes the Persian microtone system in his work, became his teacher. Mashayekhi has deeply influenced Saman’s musical sensibilities, and his mentorship lit the flame that kindled in Saman his abiding passion for modern music.

paragraph: From 2006-2009 Samadi was the director and conductor of "Concentus Chamber Orchestra", a mix of musicians from "Tehran Conservatory of Music" and the "University of Tehran". Their repertory incorporated Baroque and contemporary works, including Saman’s own compositions.

paragraph: In 2009, Samadi won an award for one of his chamber music compositions at the 24th "Fajr International Music Festival". His composition "Paj", won first prize at the 2012 "Counterpoint-Italy International Composition Competition". His work, "Magnapinna in Abdomen of a Newborn", was selected for a premiere at the "New York City Electroacoustic Music Festival" in June 2014. In 2015, the "New York Foundation for the Arts" (NYFA) awarded Samadi an Artist Diploma in Multimedia and Performing Arts.

paragraph: Upon completing his M.A. in Tehran, Samadi was offered a full scholarship for a Ph.D. in composition at the "State University of New York" in 2013. While at SUNY, he studied with "Daria Semegen", an award-winning American composer. Saman was also her assistant at the analog studio of electronic music which Semegn designed, there, in collaboration with "Bülent Arel", in the 1970s. During that same year up to 2017, Saman acted as an assistant to "Dr. Sandra Sprecher", director of the contemporary music venue, "The Firehouse Space" in Brooklyn, New York. Saman is the director and co-founder of the "Samadis’" organization, a contemporary music record label based in New York City. The "Samadis’" label also organizes an annual international composition competition and concert series. Samadi is currently on the faculty at the "City University of New York, the Music School of New York City, as well as the Piano School of NYC".

paragraph: Section::::List of works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mira, for Violin and Electronics — 2015-2019

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ahunavaiti Gāthā no.1, stanzas I & II, from The Gāthās for Piano — series in progress — 2018-2019

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scheherazade, Saxophone Quartet No.2 — 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nostalgia, An electroacoustic album including five pieces – Samadis’ Records Released: November 7, 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Ghorbat

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Berceuses

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Vāyu

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Retroception

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Hura

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chamrosh, Works for Saxophone – Samadis’ Records Released: April 1, 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Chamrosh, for Tenor Saxophone

paragraph: BULLET::::2. IVcomplex No.1, for Alto Saxophone and Piano

paragraph: BULLET::::3. IVcomplex No.2, for Saxophone Quartet

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Before Your Very Eyes, for Saxophone and Piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- Apām Napāt, An electroacoustic album including sixteen pieces – piano, reeds, buchla – Samadis’ Records Released: February 27, 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Ap

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Asha

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Daeva

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Yima

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Ariyāramna

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Vivanhant

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Haoma

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Verethragna

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Yasna

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Apām Napāt

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Anahita

paragraph: BULLET::::12. Hauruuatāt

paragraph: BULLET::::13. Ahura

paragraph: BULLET::::14. Manu

paragraph: BULLET::::15. Zahhak

paragraph: BULLET::::16. Mithra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shekasteh Mouyeh, An electroacoustic album including nine pieces, Samadis’ Records Released: February 23, 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Frenzied

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Shattered Mourning

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Injustice

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Desolation

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Ramkali

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Zenith

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Dissident

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Dashtestani

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Satori

paragraph: BULLET::::- U-Turn, An electroacoustic album including five pieces, Samadis’ Records Released: March 14, 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Palm Plate, for Dozaleh, Piano, Tape and Live Electronics (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Amiri, for Electronics (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Ghost Train, for Electronics (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Magnapinna in Abdomen of a Newborn, for Electronics and video (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::5. U-Turn, for Electronics and video (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Microtonal Piano Solos, An album including eleven pieces as a set, Samadis’ Records Released: January 7, 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Oracle

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Solitude

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Sisyphus

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Annica

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Perception

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Madman

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Satire

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Existence

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Deprivation

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Magnetic

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Subjectivity

paragraph: BULLET::::- Teryan, for Violin and Piano — 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- Persia 1909, for Chamber Ensemble — 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- Panj, for Orchestra — 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gulhannai, for Piano — 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tears' Scratch, for Violin duo — 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Nausée, for Piano — 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sound and Fury, for Chamber Orchestra — 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paj, for Flute and Piano — 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bazzad, for Violin and Symphony Orchestra — 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony in Three Movements, for Large Orchestra — 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Impromptu, for Piano — 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wine, for Piano — 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eastern Rhapsody, for Piano — 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonatina, for Piano — 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fog & Fugue, for Guitar — 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Foolish, for Chamber Orchestra — 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Camisado, for Chamber Orchestra — 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Is This the World We Created...?, for Alto, Baritone, Choir, and Orchestra — 2007 Duet for Horn and Piano, for Horn and Piano — 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nausea, for Orchestra — 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Piece for Violin and Orchestra — 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Two Nights, for Oboe, Horn, Violin, Cello, and Piano — 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Psycho, for String Orchestra — 2006

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saman Samadi's website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samadis' Records and ICC

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steinway Teachers

paragraph: BULLET::::- The New York City Electroacoustic Music Festival

paragraph: BULLET::::- New York Foundation for the Arts

paragraph: BULLET::::- Payvand News

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Journal of Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Complexity – Think:Listen

description: composer

wikidata_label: Saman Samadi

wikipedia_title: Saman Samadi


text: Governor of the Bank of England

text: Lord Chamberlain

text: Eton College

text: King's College, Cambridge

text: Bank of England

text: Governor

text: Montagu Norman

text: Deputy Governor

text: Privy Council

text: Knebworth

text: County of Hertford

text: Cobbold Commission

text: North Borneo

text: Sarawak

text: Malaysia

text: Royal Victorian Order

text: Lord Chamberlain

text: Elizabeth II

text: Order of the Garter

text: Deputy Lieutenant

text: County of Hertford

text: Hermione Millicent Bulwer-Lytton

text: Knebworth House

text: David

categories: People educated at Eton College,Cobbold family,Alumni of King's College, Cambridge,Permanent Lords-in-Waiting,Knights of the Garter,Deputy Governors of the Bank of England,1987 deaths,People from Knebworth,Recipients of the Grand Decoration with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,Governors of the Bank of England,Deputy Lieutenants of Hertfordshire,1904 births,High Sheriffs of the County of London,Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,Businesspeople from London,Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order

paragraph: Cameron Cobbold, 1st Baron Cobbold

paragraph: Cameron Fromanteel "Kim" Cobbold, 1st Baron Cobbold (14 September 1904 – 1 November 1987) was a British banker. He served as Governor of the Bank of England from 1949 to 1961 and as Lord Chamberlain from 1963 to 1971.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born in London in 1904 to Clement John Fromanteel Cobbold and his wife Stella Willoughby Savile Cameron, Cobbold was educated at Eton College. He also spent one year at King's College, Cambridge.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Bank of England.

paragraph: Cobbold joined the Bank of England at the invitation of bank Governor Montagu Norman in 1933. He was appointed Deputy Governor in 1945 and became governor in 1949. During his tenure he was sworn of the Privy Council (1959) and was created Baron Cobbold, of Knebworth in the County of Hertford (1960). He retired as governor in 1961.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Cobbold Commission.

paragraph: He subsequently led the Cobbold Commission in 1962 which studied the question of North Borneo and Sarawak's entry to formed Malaysia. In 1963, he was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order and Lord Chamberlain to Queen Elizabeth II. He served until 1971, and during his tenure the Lord Chamberlain's theatrical censorship role was abolished (1968) and he was appointed to the Order of the Garter (1970). Cobbold was appointed to be a Deputy Lieutenant of the County of Hertford (1972).

paragraph: In 1966, he received the Grand Decoration in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria.

paragraph: Section::::Styles of address.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19041959: Mr Cameron Cobbold

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19591960: The Rt Hon. Cameron Cobbold

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19601963: The Rt Hon. The Lord Cobbold

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19631970: The Rt Hon. The Lord Cobbold

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19701972: The Rt Hon. The Lord Cobbold

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19721987: The Rt Hon. The Lord Cobbold

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In April 1930, Cobbold married Hermione Millicent Bulwer-Lytton, daughter and heir to Victor Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of Lytton. Their seat was at Knebworth House in Hertfordshire. They had two daughters and two sons.

paragraph: He died in 1987 at Knebworth. His eldest son, David, succeeded to his barony.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: Clive Hodges: "Cobbold & Kin: Life Stories from an East Anglian Family" (Woodbridge, Boydell Press, 2014)

description: British banker

wikidata_label: Cameron Cobbold, 1st Baron Cobbold

wikipedia_title: Cameron Cobbold, 1st Baron Cobbold


text:
Husiatyn
Galicia
Austria-Hungary
Chortkiv Raion
Ternopil Oblast
Lviv University
Austrian parliament
Diet of Galicia
World War I
Kost Levitsky
West Ukrainian National Republic
Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance
Lviv

categories: Ukrainian nationalists,West Ukrainian People's Republic people,People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria,People from Chortkiv Raion,1873 births,Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance politicians,University of Lviv alumni,1938 deaths,Members of the Imperial Council (Austria)

paragraph: Sydir Holubovych

paragraph: Sydir Holubovych (1873–1938) was a Ukrainian politician.

paragraph: Born in Tovstenke (near Husiatyn, Galicia, Austria-Hungary, now Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast), he studied law at Lviv University. He became a member of Austrian parliament from 1911 to 1918, and the Diet of Galicia since 1913. After World War I, he was the second, after Kost Levitsky, Prime Minister of the West Ukrainian National Republic, from January 4 to June 9, 1919.

paragraph: Holubovych was one of the founders of the Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance (UNDO) in 1925. He died in Lviv on January 12, 1938.

description: Ukrainian politician

wikidata_label: Sydir Holubovych

wikipedia_title: Sydir Holubovych


text: DL

text: JP

text: Whig

text: Henry Brougham

text: Lord Chancellor

text: Edinburgh High School

text: Jesus College, Cambridge

text: called to the Bar

text: Lincoln's Inn

text: Master in Chancery

text: Southwark

text: Deputy Lieutenant

text: Justice of the Peace

text: Cumberland

text: letters patent

text: House of Lords

text: Charles William Taylor, 1st Baronet

text: Brougham Hall

text: gothic revival

text: Henry

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge,1795 births,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,Deputy Lieutenants of Cumberland,Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,Members of Lincoln's Inn,UK MPs 1831–1832

paragraph: William Brougham, 2nd Baron Brougham and Vaux DL, JP (26 September 1795 – 3 January 1886), known as William Brougham until 1868, was a British barrister and Whig politician.

paragraph: Section::::Background and education.

paragraph: Brougham was the youngest son of Henry Brougham and Eleanor Syme, daughter of the Reverend James Syme. Lord Chancellor Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux, was his elder brother. He was educated at Edinburgh High School and Jesus College, Cambridge, and was called to the Bar, Lincoln's Inn, in 1823.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Brougham was appointed a Master in Chancery in 1831, which he remained until the following year. In 1831 he was also returned to Parliament for Southwark, a seat he held until 1835. He was also lieutenant-colonel in the Cumberland Volunteers and served as a Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace for Cumberland. In 1868 he succeeded his elder brother as second Baron Brougham and Vaux according to a special remainder in the letters patent, and was able to take a seat in the House of Lords.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lord Brougham and Vaux married Emily Frances, daughter of Sir Charles William Taylor, 1st Baronet, in 1834. They had three sons and three daughters. She died in April 1884. Lord Brougham and Vaux survived her by two years and died in January, 1886, aged 90, at Brougham Hall, a gothic revival mansion, the building of which was largely overseen by William before he succeeded Henry as Baron Brougham. He was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son, Henry.

alias: William Brougham, Baron Brougham and Vaux

description: British barrister and Whig politician


text: British

text: barrister

text: politician

text: Conservative Party

text: European Parliament

text: European People's Party

text: Sevenoaks School

text: Manchester University

text: Queen's College, Oxford

text: Columbia University

text: New York

text: Washington D.C.

text: Sussex University

text: Queen's Counsel

text: Territorial Army

text: 16/5 The Queen's Royal Lancers

text: Territorial Decoration

text: yacht

text: Daily Telegraph Cup

text: Conservative Party

text: Shropshire and Stafford

text: 1979 elections

text: European Parliament

text: conservative

text: European Democrats

text: whip

text: Henry Plumb

text: President of the European Parliament

text: Baroness Elles

text: Sir Fred Catherwood

text: Claus Toksvig

text: President of the European Commission

text: Jacques Delors

text: European Union

text: single market

text: Margaret Thatcher

text: euroscepticism

text: 1989 European Parliament election

text: Spanish

text: Popular Alliance

text: European People's Party

text: Christian democratic

text: knighthood

text: 1990 New Year Honours

text: Chairman of the Conservative Party

text: Kenneth Baker

text: 1922 Committee

text: John Major

text: Maastricht Treaty

text: Prime Minister

text: European political party

text: Black Wednesday

text: Norman Tebbit

text: federalists

text: 1994 European Parliament election

text: safe seat

text: Herefordshire and Shropshire

text: life peerage

text: Shrewsbury

text: Shropshire

text: Privy Councillor

text: EU fraud

text: circuit

text: High Court

text: judge

text: William Hague

text: Shadow Lord Chancellor

text: Lord Irvine of Lairg

text: Tony Blair

text: Human Rights Act 1998

text: Labour Party

text: September 11, 2001 attacks

text: United States

text: trial by jury

text: separation of powers

text: Jack Straw

text: House of Commons

text: JUSTICE

text: Halsbury's Laws of England

text: Deputy Lieutenant

text: Shropshire

text: pulmonary embolism

text: Hansard

text: The Daily Telegraph

text: The Independent

text: The Guardian

categories: Academics of the University of Sussex,Members of the European Parliament for English constituencies,Alumni of the University of Manchester,MEPs for the United Kingdom 1979–1984,Place of death missing,Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford,Knights Bachelor,Queen's Counsel 1901–2000,2009 deaths,MEPs for the United Kingdom 1989–1994,1942 births,MEPs for the United Kingdom 1984–1989,Conservative Party (UK) life peers,British Queen's Counsel,Fellows of King's College London,People educated at Sevenoaks School,Conservative Party (UK) MEPs,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,Deaths from pulmonary embolism

paragraph: Christopher Prout, Baron Kingsland

paragraph: Christopher James Prout, Baron Kingsland (1 January 1942 – 12 July 2009) was a British barrister and politician in the Conservative Party. He is perhaps most well known for serving as the leader of the Conservatives in the European Parliament and his role in initiating their association with the European People's Party. He later became a noted expert on constitutional issues.

paragraph: Section::::Life outside politics.

paragraph: Prout was born in 1942, the son of Lucy and Frank Prout. He was educated at Sevenoaks School and Manchester University before gaining a postgraduate scholarship at Queen's College, Oxford where he studied economics. He also spent one year at Columbia University, New York. In 1966 he joined the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development in Washington D.C. for three years before taking up a research fellowship at Sussex University and then becoming a lecturer in Law. He was called to the Bar in 1972 and became a Bencher of the Middle Temple in 1996. He was made a Queen's Counsel in 1988 and continued practising at the Bar throughout his career in politics.

paragraph: He was also a member of the Territorial Army serving with 16/5 The Queen's Royal Lancers and on headquarters staff of the 3rd Armoured Division. He retired from the Territorial Army in 1987 and was rewarded with the Territorial Decoration. Prout also enjoyed sailing and gardening; he owned a Daring class yacht which won the Daily Telegraph Cup in 1987. He was Master of the Garden at the Middle Temple and was also the 2009 President of the Shropshire Horticultural Society.

paragraph: Section::::European Parliament.

paragraph: Prout was selected as the Conservative Party candidate for the Shropshire and Stafford constituency for the 1979 elections to the European Parliament, and won the seat with a 45,000 majority. Sitting as a member of the conservative European Democrats Group (ED), he was elected as the Conservative deputy whip and then four years later as the chief whip. In 1987, the ED chairman Henry Plumb was elected as President of the European Parliament. Prout won the election to succeed him, defeating Baroness Elles, Sir Fred Catherwood and Claus Toksvig.

paragraph: Though he criticised the President of the European Commission Jacques Delors—describing his blueprint for the future European Union as trying to "graft superfluous social engineering" to the single market—Prout proved to be somewhat pro-European and was visibly uncomfortable with Margaret Thatcher's euroscepticism during the 1989 European Parliament election. The ED, before the election the third largest group, suffered heavy losses and fell to become the fifth largest group. After the election, the Spanish Popular Alliance left the ED to join the European People's Party Group (EPP), a more pro-European and Christian democratic group than the ED. Prout applied for the Conservative Party to join the EPP but suffered rejection, leaving the Conservatives in the now largely isolated ED group.

paragraph: Prout received a knighthood in the 1990 New Year Honours.

paragraph: By now, Prout was accused by some Conservatives in the UK of having "gone native". The Chairman of the Conservative Party Kenneth Baker attempted to improve relations in 1990 by arranging a series of meetings between the group and Thatcher. Despite this, by November 1990 when Thatcher's position was under serious threat, Prout informed the 1922 Committee that 20 of his group wanted her to leave, whilst just five wanted her to remain as Conservative leader. She was later replaced by John Major.

paragraph: Major's election prompted a thaw in Britain's relations with Europe. Prout supported Major's negotiation of the Maastricht Treaty while the Prime Minister supported Prout's efforts to gain entry into the EPP group. Finally, in April 1992, the EPP voted to accept the Conservatives as "allied members" of their grouping, though not the corresponding European political party, with Prout becoming a vice-chairman of the EPP group. However, following the events of Black Wednesday the Conservative Party became increasing split over the issue of Europe with Norman Tebbit describing Prout's supports as "mad keen federalists" and some MEPs attempted to remove Prout as their delegation leader. He survived to the 1994 European Parliament election but lost the supposedly safe seat Herefordshire and Shropshire by nearly 2,000 votes.

paragraph: Section::::House of Lords.

paragraph: Following his election defeat, Prout received a life peerage as Baron Kingsland, of Shrewsbury in the County of Shropshire on 7 October 1994. He reputedly took this title to avoid being nicknamed "Lord Brussels Prout". He was also made a Privy Councillor. He made his maiden speech on the subject of EU fraud and was a chairman of one of the Lords subcommittees on EU affairs. He also received several court appointments: became an assistant recorder for the Wales and Chester circuit, a recorder in 2000 and deputy High Court judge in 2005.

paragraph: In 1997, the new Conservative Party leader William Hague appointed Prout as the Shadow Lord Chancellor to Lord Irvine of Lairg, one of Tony Blair's closest intimates. Prout generally acquitted himself well against Irvine, warning of the risks from adopting the Human Rights Act 1998 and calling for Irvine's resignation in 2001 after it emerged Irvine had invited solicitors and barristers to a Labour Party fundraiser. Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, Prout was a key opponent to government legislation to make it easier to extradite Britons to the United States, though he ultimately gave up after the government introduced it for a third time. He successfully defeated Labour moves to end the right to trial by jury in certain cases, considered to be his greatest achievement by his colleagues.

paragraph: Prout was also involved in debates surrounding constitutional reform, particularly around the office he was shadowing, the Lord Chancellor. After Irvine's retirement in 2003 the Lord Chancellor's traditional duties were split three ways as part of the concept of separation of powers. The government had intended to abolish the post of Lord Chancellor completely but, partly due to pressure from Prout, the title survived. Nevertheless, the post became diminished and from 2007 the holder (Jack Straw) sat in the House of Commons. In 2008, Prout was moved to the more limited role of Shadow Legal Affairs Minister though, as of 2009, he still led for the Opposition on some debates despite suffering from illness.

paragraph: Described as being "amiable but dry" and a "skinny, bald brainbox", in the Lords Prout became highly rated for his views and opinions on constitutional and planning issues. A vice-president of JUSTICE, a legal and human rights organisation, he contributed to three volumes of "Halsbury's Laws of England". From 2004 until his death he was chairman of the Jersey Competition Regulatory Authority. He was also Deputy Lieutenant for Shropshire from 1997 until his death.

paragraph: He died on 12 July 2009, aged 67, from a pulmonary embolism. He was survived by his wife Carolyn and three stepchildren.

paragraph: Section::::Titles, styles, honours and arms.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942-1979: Christopher Prout

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979-1987: Christopher Prout MEP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987-1988: Christopher Prout TD MEP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988-1990: Christopher Prout TD QC MEP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990-1994: Sir Christopher Prout TD QC MEP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994-1994: "The Right Honourable" Sir Christopher Prout TD QC

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994-2009: "The Right Honourable" The Lord Kingsland TD PC QC

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hansard

paragraph: Obituaries

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Daily Telegraph

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Independent

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Guardian

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Christopher Prout, Baron Kingsland

wikipedia_title: Christopher Prout, Baron Kingsland


text:
FRS
George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield
Newcastle-under-Lyme
Oxfordshire
Rochester
House of Lords
Shirburn Castle
Fellow of the Royal Society
Sir William Heathcote, 1st Baronet
George

categories: British MPs 1761–1768,British MPs 1754–1761,1723 births,Fellows of the Royal Society,British MPs 1747–1754,Earls in the Peerage of Great Britain,1795 deaths,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies

paragraph: Thomas Parker, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield

paragraph: Thomas Parker, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield FRS (12 October 1723 – 9 February 1795), styled Viscount Parker between 1732 and 1764, was a British peer and politician.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Macclesfield was the son of George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, and Mary, daughter of Ralph Lane.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Macclesfield was returned to Parliament for Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1747, a seat he held until 1754, and then represented Oxfordshire between 1754 and 1761 and Rochester between 1761 and 1764. The latter year he succeeded his father in the earldom and entered the House of Lords. The family seat was Shirburn Castle in Oxfordshire.

paragraph: He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in November 1747.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lord Macclesfield married his first cousin, Mary, daughter of Sir William Heathcote, 1st Baronet, and Elizabeth Parker, in 1749. He died in February 1795, aged 71, and was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, George. Lady Macclesfield died in May 1812.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Thomas Parker, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield

wikipedia_title: Thomas Parker, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield


text:
Hawick
British
motorcycle racer
British Superbike Championship
Tommy Hill
Broc Parkes
Ducati 1199 Panigale
British Supersport Championship
Paul Bird Motorsport
Ducati
British Superbike Championship
Kawasaki
Hydrex Honda
Croft
Superbike World Championship
Supersport World Championship
Macau Grand Prix
Scott Smart
Michael Laverty
Karl Harris
Leon Camier
Craig Jones
Alastair Seeley
2008
Snetterton
Hydrex Honda
2009 British Superbike season
Brands Hatch
Donington Park
Croft Circuit
Oulton Park
Yamaha
James Ellison
Broc Parkes
Guy Martin
North West 200
Oulton Park
Cadwell Park
ZX-10R
Sepang
Rapid Solicitors Kawasaki
Steve Hislop
2006
North West 200
2010
Macau Grand Prix
WSBK
Kawasaki ZX-10R
Isle of Man TT
Michael Rutter
Rotary Norton
North West 200
Gary Mason
Cal Crutchlow
coccyx

categories: Scottish motorcycle racers,British motorcycle racers,Living people,Superbike World Championship riders,British Supersport Championship riders,1983 births,British Superbike Championship riders

paragraph: Stuart Easton

paragraph: Stuart Easton (born 21 July 1983 in Hawick) is a British former professional motorcycle racer. He announced his retirement from racing in December 2016.

paragraph: For the first part of 2016, Easton rode in the British Superbike Championship for Tommy Hill's Yamaha team, but was replaced by Broc Parkes from August. For the second part of the 2016 season Easton intended to race aboard a Ducati 1199 Panigale, but having competed in three events, announced in September that he would miss the last two rounds.

paragraph: Affectionately known as 'Rat Boy', he won the 2002 British Supersport Championship riding for Paul Bird Motorsport Ducati team. He subsequently rode in the British Superbike Championship on Kawasaki and Hydrex Honda motorcycles, gaining his first Superbike win in 2009 at Croft. He also contested one Superbike World Championship and six Supersport World Championship events.

paragraph: For 2015 Easton was contracted to ride with the Paul Bird Motorsport Kawasaki squad until November's Macau Grand Prix but, unexpectedly switched to a Yamaha provided by SMT Racing for the race in which he failed to finish.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:British Supersport 2002–07, 2013.

paragraph: In 2002 Easton took 7 wins en route to the Supersport title, finishing ahead of Scott Smart and Michael Laverty. He attempted to defend his title in 2003, taking 3 wins and eventually finishing runner up to future teammate Karl Harris.

paragraph: In 2004 Easton stepped up to Superbikes in the early part of the season, before returning to Supersport in the later rounds. 2005 saw a return to full-time supersport action, with another pair of wins on the way to third in the championship behind Leon Camier and Craig Jones.

paragraph: For 2006 it was a mix of British and World Supersport races, again for Ducati, with some strong early results in the domestic series including a win in the first race, and a best finish of sixth at world level. 2007 saw a mix of British Supersport and Superbike rounds, although results were not as strong as in previous seasons.

paragraph: Easton returned to BSS in 2013 with the Mar-Train Yamaha team, as he had not fully recovered from his road racing injuries and so found it easier to ride a 600 than a Superbike. Easton and Alastair Seeley were the men to beat all year, with Easton taking 10 wins to Seeley's 7 and winning the championship by 13 points.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:British Superbikes 2008–2016.

paragraph: Easton progressed full-time to the British Superbike Championship in 2008 joining the MSS Discovery Kawasaki team. He finished that season in 13th place, mainly due to a crash in practice for the 5th round at Snetterton, breaking his wrist and forcing him to sit out the next 4 rounds.

paragraph: 2009 saw Shaun Muir signing him to his Hydrex Honda team for the 2009 British Superbike season alongside Karl Harris. At the first race of the season at Brands Hatch, Easton gained his first ever British Superbike podium finishing 3rd in the first race. Easton continued his good start to the season with a 3rd and a 2nd in the two races of the third round at Donington Park. Round 10 at Croft Circuit saw Easton finally take his and Hydrex Honda's maiden BSB win with a lights to flag victory. Easton took his maiden BSB pole position in the final round of the 2009 season at Oulton Park, and took his second win of the season in Race 1, impressively beating champion Camier on the last lap. He ended the season third in the championship behind the dominant Airwaves Yamahas of Camier and James Ellison.

paragraph: Maintaining a relationship with Paul Bird Motorsport, who are one of Easton's personal sponsors and who he won the British Supersport title with, he is also a test and development rider for Kawasaki SRT in World Superbikes, and filled in for the injured Broc Parkes at the Assen Round, finishing 18th in Race 1 and retiring in Race 2.

paragraph: Early speculation for 2010 suggested that Easton will ride for PBM Kawasaki in the World Supersport series, although it was later confirmed he had re-signed with Hydrex Honda for 2010. Team owner Shaun Muir later confirmed that Hydrex had withdrawn their backing for 2010 and that Swan would be taking over title sponsorship, and James Ellison was announced as Easton's teammate. With the departure of Guy Martin, Hydrex Honda's roads race rider, Easton is also expected to return to the North West 200 this year having raced several times in 2006 on a Ducati and 2007 on a Kawasaki.

paragraph: Easton suffered tissue damage to his leg in a heavy pre-season crash, and was not fully fit for the first two meetings. He took four top-six finishes in those four races however Victory in race one at Oulton Park left him second in the standings, but a poor Cadwell Park meeting dropped him to fifth after four rounds He would ultimately finish the season eighth, with a win and four podiums negated by poor reliability leading to eight DNFs. He will return to the MSS Kawasaki team for 2011, having ridden for them in 2008. He will participate in the official Kawasaki Superbike Racing Team test on the new factory ZX-10R at Sepang in January 2011, partly as a reward for winning the Macau GP.

paragraph: After his NW200 crash ended the 2011 season prematurely Paul Bird offered Easton a job for 2012, ultimately meaning he will partner Shane Byrne on the Rapid Solicitors Kawasaki as PBM returns to BSB after several years in World Superbikes.

paragraph: Easton finished 10th in the standing in 2012, clearly not fully recovered from his injuries and returned to Supersport for 2013, winning the title, before rejoining PBM in BSB for 2014. A solid if unspectacular season saw Easton finish 7th, winning the BSB Rider's Cup for the top rider who didn't make the showdown.

paragraph: Staying with PBM for 2015, Easton took his first BSB win in 5 years in Race 2 at Oulton Park.

paragraph: Easton retired from road racing after the 2016 season.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Road Racing 2006–2016.

paragraph: Like his mentor Steve Hislop Easton has combined riding on short circuits with some road racing, beginning in 2006 when he rode for Lloyds British Ducati at the North West 200. He took two top 10 finishes with fourth in the first supersport race and seventh in the second. Returning in 2007 riding for MSS Kawasaki, he competed in the superbike and supersport races, taking a best finish of seventh in the second supersport race. He returned in 2010 riding this time for his Swan Honda BSB team, setting a new fastest speed of 204 mph through the speed trap during practice. Race results were his best to date, taking fifth and second in the two superbike races respectively.

paragraph: Easton's greatest success on the roads has come at the Macau Grand Prix. Making his debut in 2008 for Doosan Honda he won the race after starting sixth. He successfully defended the title in 2009, riding for Hydrex IGT Honda, having also taken pole position and broken the lap record. After an inconsistent season in BSB in 2010 he rode the WSBK spec Kawasaki ZX-10R for Paul Bird's team and took a third successive victory ahead of pole sitter and six-time winner Rutter.

paragraph: As yet Easton has not competed at the Isle of Man TT but acted as a member of the pit crew for his close friend Michael Rutter in 2009. He was set to ride Hislop's classic 1992 Rotary Norton in the 2011 Parade Lap on the day of the Senior TT.

paragraph: However, on 19 May 2011, while in free practice for the North West 200, Easton crashed with teammate Gary Mason at Station Corner. Mason was fine but Easton sustained heavy injuries including a shattered pelvis, broken femur, broken bones in his hands and a dislocated hip, this was confirmed via Cal Crutchlow's Twitter page. There is also a suspected bowel injury. However, later it was confirmed that Easton had broken both femurs, shattered his pelvis in five places, broke his coccyx, ruptured his bowel, broke some fingers and had a deep cut on his arm. It was said that Easton's recovery time would be approximately one year.

paragraph: Easton returned to the roads at the Macau Grand Prix in 2014, and once again dominated the race to take his fourth win at the Guia Circuit, in four successive appearances having won in 2008, 2009 and 2010 and missing 2011, 12 and 13.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Easton's first child, a boy christened Finley Stuart, was born in September 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: Stats correct as of 9 July 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- * Season still in progress

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.:By championship.:British Superbike Championship.:Notes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- † Easton's two sixth places were discounted from the points tally as the rules stated that a rider's two worst results would be dropped.

description: British motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Stuart Easton

wikipedia_title: Stuart Easton


text:
road racer
British Supersport Championship
British Superstock
British Superbike Championship
Adelaide
Hinckley
Leicestershire
Kawasaki
Honda
Hudson Kennaugh
Honda
femur
Suzuki
Knockhill
Personal Website

categories: British Superbike Championship riders,Sportspeople from Adelaide,Australian motorcycle racers,People from Hinckley,Supersport World Championship riders,Superbike World Championship riders,British Supersport Championship riders,Living people,1973 births

paragraph: Glen Richards

paragraph: Glen Richards (born 30 September 1983), is an Australian former professional motorcycle road racer and racing team manager. He raced primarily in the United Kingdom, winning the British Supersport Championship and the British Superstock championships and was a regular participant in the British Superbike Championship.

paragraph: Section::::Motorcycle racing career.

paragraph: Richards was born in Adelaide, Australia but, who now lives in Hinckley, Leicestershire. He first came to national prominence when competing in the 1998 British Supersport championship finishing 5th overall. Richards moved up to the British Superbike Championship where he rode with the Hawk Kawasaki team from 2002–2005, finishing in the top 10 in the championship every year, with a best 4th-place finish is 2003 despite a lack of a full testing programme. He also contested the World Superbike round at Brands Hatch in 2002, but retired from both races. Richards switched to the Hydrex Honda team for the 2006 season, finishing in 10th place in the championship.

paragraph: After that Richards dropped down to the Superstock level on an Embassy Phase One Yamaha for 2007, winning the title, leading the standings all season. He then moved up a class back to the Supersport championship for 2008 on a MAP Embassy Triumph. His first win came after a titanic scrap with Hudson Kennaugh at Oulton Park which was decided at the final corner, and he ultimately beat Kennaugh to the title. At the final round his team produced T-shirts stating that "A Triumph can even blow away a Hurricane", referring to Richards' make of bike and Kennaugh's nickname.

paragraph: Richards was then signed by the HM Plant Honda team for the 2009 BSB season. His only podium finish was a second place in the opening round, however he was a regular points scorer in the first half of the season. He then suffered a broken left femur after brake failure caused a crash with Suzuki's Iain Lowry during qualifying at Knockhill.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stats correct as of 14 October 2012

paragraph: () (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in "italics" indicate fastest lap)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Personal Website

description: Australian motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Glen Richards

wikipedia_title: Glen Richards


text: National Constituent Assembly

text: Béziers

text: Hérault

text: France

text: autocracy

text: divine right of kings

text: Louis XVIII

text: Estates-General

text: King Louis XVI

text: National Constituent Assembly

text: Bastille

text: Avignon

text: papal vice-legate

text: Old Regime

text: émigrés

text: Republic

text: Reign of Terror

text: Conciergerie

text: typhus

text: guillotine

text: French Revolution

text: Old Regime and the Revolution

text: Ancien Régime in France

categories: 1755 births,People who died in prison custody during the French Revolution,1794 deaths,People from Béziers,Barons of France,People of the French Revolution

paragraph: Joseph-Henri baron de Jessé

paragraph: Joseph-Henri baron de Jessé (1755–1794) was a French nobleman and government official, who served as President of the French National Constituent Assembly from 30 August 1790 to 10 September 1790.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: Joseph-Henri de Jessé was born in Béziers, in the Hérault department of France, on 21 August 1755.

paragraph: Some sources give his year of birth as 1746, but most record it as 1755. His father was Antoine-Joseph Jessé baron de Levas (c1715-1794), Aide-Major of the Coastal Guard, and his mother was Marie-Charlotte de Nizeaux (died 1762). He had one sister, Victoire de Jessé.

paragraph: He was a captain in the cavalry regiment Royal Picardie, the regiment having been reinstated under the military reforms of December 1762.

paragraph: France at that time was still an autocracy based on the divine right of kings.

paragraph: This meant the whole country belonged to the monarch, whose government was one of rights rather than obligations. The French nobility had certain privileges, with the rank of officer in the army and navy being restricted to those with at least two generations of nobility on either side.

paragraph: He married Madeleine Rousset de Saint-Eloi, on 22 February 1788.

paragraph: They had two children, Pauline de Jessé and Antoine de Jessé. Antoine served in the Garde du Corps of Louis XVIII, before giving up his military career in 1817 to devote himself to journalism, literature and good works; he died in December 1854.

paragraph: Section::::French Revolution.

paragraph: By the late 1780s France was in a dire financial situation, the royal coffers having been declared insolvent in 1786.

paragraph: In the year 1788, 49% of the national income was spent on paying the interest on outstanding loans.

paragraph: On 24 January 1789, the Estates-General was reluctantly convoked by King Louis XVI for the first time since 1614.

paragraph: On 26 March 1789 Jessé was elected to the Estates-General by the sénéchaussée Béziers, to serve as a deputy of the nobility.

paragraph: The Estates-General soon reached a deadlock. The Third Estate, or Commoners, broke away during June and formed its own assembly. Jessé was amongst those who helped persuade the three orders of Clergy, Nobility and Commoners to eventually reunite and form the National Constituent Assembly, which was declared on 9 July 1789.

paragraph: The Bastille was stormed, and fell on 14 July 1789.

paragraph: The people of Paris believed that weapons and gunpowder were being stored in the Bastille, and fearing the city was about to be placed under military occupation by soldiers loyal to the King, the people decided to storm and occupy the fortress.

paragraph: Jessé was admitted to sit in the National Constituent Assembly on 7 August 1789, as a replacement for the Marquis de Gayon, who had resigned.

paragraph: He sided with the moderates and conservatives. When debating the newly drafted Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which was adopted by the National Assembly on 27 August 1789, Jessé had tried to convince the Assembly to abandon the principle of resistance to oppression. He also proposed that large quantities of silverware owned by the French Church should be melted down to provide funds for the relief of the poor.

paragraph: In 1790 Jessé objected to the proposed annexation of Avignon with France. Avignon had risen up and imposed the election of a new municipality: it expelled its papal vice-legate on 17 June 1790, and demanded its integration with France. The National Assembly twice refused to ratify the annexation: on 22 August and 20 November 1790.

paragraph: Jessé continued to vote with the supporters of the Old Regime.

paragraph: In March 1791, Jessé proposed that only the King should have the power to appoint government ministers. A new constitution was accepted by King Louis XVI in September 1791, and he was renamed 'King of the French'. Under the new constitution, Louis could appoint ministers but the legislature could remove them; he was not able to propose laws and had a veto which only blocked legislation for a maximum of three years.

paragraph: From late 1791 onwards, Jessé campaigned for the rights of émigrés, and the protection of their property.

paragraph: Émigrés were French royalists who fled the country to escape the Revolution of 1789. From the safety of their self-imposed exile abroad, many émigrés conspired against the Revolutionary government. The Revolutionary leaders decreed that émigrés who failed to return to France by January 1792 would be declared to be traitors and would be sentenced to death in their absence. In October 1792 the state imposed perpetual banishment on all émigrés, and formally confiscated their property.

paragraph: As the Revolution progressed, Jessé argued that France should become a constitutional monarchy, rather than a Republic. However, the monarchy was formally abolished on 21 September 1792, and King Louis XVI was executed in January 1793.

paragraph: The Reign of Terror began on 5 September 1793, with aristocrats and conservatives being deemed enemies of the state. Jessé was eventually arrested and incarcerated at Moulins. He was then transferred to the Conciergerie in Paris, where he died of typhus on 6 February 1794, the day before he was due to be guillotined.

paragraph: His father also died in 1794, having been imprisoned with his family during the Terror. His father was arrested despite both his advanced age and the popularity he enjoyed among his countrymen.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- French Revolution

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Presidents of the French National Assembly

paragraph: BULLET::::- Old Regime and the Revolution

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ancien Régime in France

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Presidents of the French National Constituent Assembly 1789-1791

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Assembly of France 1789-1791 (see page 13)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Avignon during the French Revolution

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pamphlet published by Jessé regarding the Conjuration of 14 July

paragraph: BULLET::::- French National Assembly official website

alias:
Joseph-Henri de Jessé
Joseph-Henri baron de Jesse
Joseph-Henri de Jesse

description: Nobleman, government official

wikidata_label: Joseph-Henri baron de Jessé

wikipedia_title: Joseph-Henri baron de Jessé


text:
French
mathematician
astronomer
Amiens
École Normale Supérieure
Toulouse University
Académie des Sciences
rings
satellites of Saturn
comets
double stars
François
surface mechanics
elasticity
micropolar elasticity

categories: 1931 deaths,19th-century French mathematicians,1866 births,Members of the French Academy of Sciences,French astronomers,20th-century French mathematicians

paragraph: Eugène Cosserat

paragraph: Eugène-Maurice-Pierre Cosserat (4 March 1866 – 31 May 1931) was a French mathematician and astronomer.

paragraph: Born in Amiens, he studied at the École Normale Supérieure from 1883 to 1888.

paragraph: He was on Science faculty of Toulouse University from 1889 and director of its observatory from 1908, a position he held for the rest of his life.

paragraph: He was elected to the Académie des Sciences in 1919.

paragraph: His studies included the rings and satellites of Saturn, comets and double stars, but is best remembered for work with his engineer brother François on surface mechanics, particularly problems of elasticity.

paragraph: Their work on elasticity described an extension of the classical theory to include a description of micro-rotation of material points in addition to the classical description of deformation. Their work lacked key elements and lay dormant until the 1960s at which time it was reopened by several authors. It has become known as the theory of micropolar elasticity and has remained an active research area ever since.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Who's Who in Science, pub. Marquis Who's Who, Chicago Ill. 1968

paragraph: BULLET::::- J R Levy, Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- L Montangerand, Eloge de Cosserat, Ann. de l'Observatoire de Toulouse 10 (1933), 20-30.

description: French astronomer and mathematician

wikidata_label: Eugène Cosserat

wikipedia_title: Eugène Cosserat


text:
Mongolia
judo
bronze medal
2006 Asian Games

categories: Judoka at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Place of birth missing (living people),Judoka at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Sportspeople from Ulaanbaatar,Asian Games bronze medalists for Mongolia,Judoka at the 2008 Summer Olympics,1986 births,Asian Games medalists in judo,Olympic judoka of Mongolia,Judoka at the 2010 Asian Games,Universiade silver medalists for Mongolia,Mongolian female judoka,Judoka at the 2006 Asian Games,Universiade medalists in judo,Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games,Living people

paragraph: Pürevjargalyn Lkhamdegd

paragraph: Pürevjargalyn Lkhamdegd (, born 18 September 1986) is a retired Mongolian judoka who competed in the 78 kg category. She won a bronze medal at the 2006 Asian Games and participated in the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Olympics, reaching the quarter-finals in 2008.

description: judoka

wikidata_label: Pürevjargalyn Lkhamdegd

wikipedia_title: Pürevjargalyn Lkhamdegd


text:
Cumberland
Province of Maryland
Fort Cumberland
Miami River
John
Cumberland, Maryland
Winchester, Virginia
Fort Bedford
Edward C. Papenfuse

categories: People from Cumberland, Maryland,1735 births,1815 deaths,Cumberland, Maryland

paragraph: Jane Frazier

paragraph: Jane Frazier or Fraser was a woman captured by Native Americans in the 18th century. She lived in a log house built in 1754 just beyond the Cumberland, Province of Maryland city limits. On October 1, 1755, while returning to her home from the Fort Cumberland Trading Post several miles away, Jane was captured by Native Americans and taken to the Miami River in Ohio. She escaped and returned 18 months later to learn that her husband John had remarried because he thought that she was dead. Jane’s husband took her back and sent his second wife home to her father.

paragraph: Ruby Frazier Frey, a descendant, wrote a book called "Red Morning" telling of Jane’s experiences. The Frazier house was destroyed in the 1960s, but a marker designates its location. The former Jane Frazier house was on Route 51, Cumberland, Maryland.

paragraph: Jane Frazier (formerly Jane Bell and Jane McClain) was born January 1, 1735 in Winchester, Virginia and died April 14, 1815 in Schellsburg, (Bedford Co.) Pennsylvania. In 1754 she married John Fraser (born in 1721 in the Highlands of Scotland, died April 16, 1773 in Bedford, Pennsylvania) and moved to Tibbitts Creek in Maryland. In 1759, John and Jane Fraser moved near Fort Bedford. They had eight children: Benjamin, Margaret, William, James, Jane, Catherine, Mary, and Amelia. After the death of John Fraser, Jane married Richard DeKapt (which became Dunlap) and had one daughter: Agnes.

paragraph: There are descendants of Jane Frazier in Bedford County such as Margaret Darl Frazier Lohr http://findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi/http%2522//fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=142697771.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward C. Papenfuse et al., "Maryland: A New Guide to the Old Line State", Johns Hopkins University 1999, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ruby Frazier Frey, "Red Morning", G.P. Putnam's Sons 1946, ASIN B0007DQ41Y, LC Control Number 46006088.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Old Pike Post"," Genealogical Society of Allegany County, Maryland", Vol. 16, No. 3 September 1999.

paragraph: Richard Delapt is the correct reading of DeKapt. See Orphan's Court Records, Bedford County, Pennsylvania, Docket 2, p. 23.

description: Captive of Native Americans

wikidata_label: Jane Frazier

wikipedia_title: Jane Frazier


text:
multi-instrumentalist
musician
singer
songwriter
Aaron Neville
The Neville Brothers
solo
album
Top 30
Billboard
hit
Not Just Another Girl
If My Ancestors Could See Me Now
Bonnie Raitt
Skin Deep
John Ritter
Allan Moyle
Pump Up the Volume
Dumpstaphunk
Bonnie Raitt
James Hutchison
Nine Lives
keyboards
Rolling Stones
Dirty Work
Voodoo Lounge
Keith Richards
recording
Talk is Cheap
Main Offender
artists’
records
Don Henley
Bonnie Raitt
Robbie Robertson
Rufus
Paula Abdul
Delbert McClinton
Spin Doctors
Here Comes the Bride
voice
Dumpstaphunk
Late Show with David Letterman
John Fogerty
Fortunate Son
B.B. King
tribute album
Fats Domino
Vanguard Records
Tipitina's Foundation
Hurricane Katrina
If My Ancestors Could See Me Now
Dumpstaphunk official site

categories: Singers from Louisiana,1959 births,American male singers,Living people,Spin Doctors members,Neville family (show business),Rhythm and blues musicians from New Orleans,African-American singers,American pop singers,Songwriters from Louisiana

paragraph: Ivan Neville

paragraph: Ivan Neville (born August 19, 1959) is an American multi-instrumentalist musician, singer, and songwriter. He is the son of Aaron Neville and nephew to members of The Neville Brothers.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He has released four solo albums and had a Top 30 "Billboard" hit with the first single "Not Just Another Girl" from his debut solo album "If My Ancestors Could See Me Now". "Not Just Another Girl" reached 26 on the "Billboard" charts. His second single "Falling Out of Love" was a duet with singer Bonnie Raitt that reached 91 on the "Billboard" charts. The song was also featured in the 1989 comedy "Skin Deep", starring John Ritter.

paragraph: Neville's recording of "Why Can't I Fall in Love" was featured on the 1990 soundtrack to the Allan Moyle film, "Pump Up the Volume".

paragraph: Neville and his band, Dumpstaphunk, self-released a full-length studio debut, "Everybody Want Sum", during the summer of 2010.

paragraph: Neville has played with and appeared on several Neville Brother records, as well as his father’s solo records. He performed in Bonnie Raitt's band from 1985 to 1987 and contributed the song "All Day, All Night", co-written with bassist James Hutchison to her "Nine Lives" album. He also contributed keyboards to two Rolling Stones albums, 1986’s "Dirty Work" and 1994’s "Voodoo Lounge" as well as being a member of Keith Richards’ solo band the X-Pensive Winos. In 1988, 1992 and 1993 he toured with Richards after recording "Talk is Cheap" and "Main Offender", and was the opening act for the shows, since "If My Ancestors Could See Me Now" was released.

paragraph: Neville released his second solo album entitled "Thanks" in 1994.

paragraph: Apart from appearing on several other artists’ records, including Don Henley, Bonnie Raitt, Robbie Robertson, Rufus, Paula Abdul, and Delbert McClinton, he was a member of the Spin Doctors, touring and recording on the group's album "Here Comes the Bride" in 1999–2000, including assuming lead vocal duties when Chris Barron lost his voice.

paragraph: In 2003, he formed his own band Dumpstaphunk and appeared, among other places, on the "Late Show with David Letterman".

paragraph: When the levees failed in New Orleans in 2005, Neville joined The New Orleans Social Club and recorded the benefit album "Sing Me Back Home" with producers Leo Sacks and Ray Bardani at Wire Studios in Austin, Texas. Neville's searing version of John Fogerty's "Fortunate Son" was critically acclaimed. "Catharsis never sounded cooler," raved "Entertainment Weekly". In 2007, with Dumpstaphunk and B.B. King, he participated in a tribute album to fellow New Orleans musician Fats Domino, contributing his version of the title song to "" (Vanguard Records).

paragraph: Through the Tipitina's Foundation, along with other New Orleans musicians, Neville has been active in performing benefit shows in support of Hurricane Katrina charities. Ivan Neville's band includes Nick Daniels and Tony Hall, both on bass (with Hall sometimes on guitar); Ian Neville (Ivan's cousin) playing guitar; Raymond Weber on drums.

paragraph: Section::::Solo discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "If My Ancestors Could See Me Now" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thanks" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saturday Morning Music" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scrape" (2004)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dumpstaphunk official site

description: musician

wikidata_label: Ivan Neville

wikipedia_title: Ivan Neville


text:
Norwich
Wallington
Victorian
Ipswich
Henry Cole
South Kensington Museum
Victoria and Albert Museum
Royal Photographic Society
Robert Howlett
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
George Downes (1812–1877)
Philip Henry Delamotte
The Crystal Palace
SS Great Eastern
Crimean
Bayeux
Bayeux Tapestry
Private Libraries Association

categories: People from Norwich,1818 births,Businesspeople from London,1895 deaths,English writers,English publishers (people)

paragraph: Joseph Cundall

paragraph: Joseph Cundall (22 September 1818 Norwich – 10 January 1895 Wallington, London), was a Victorian English writer under the pseudonym of "Stephen Percy", a pioneer photographer and London publisher of children's books. He provided employment for many of the best artists of the day by using them as illustrators.

paragraph: Joseph was the son of Eliza and Benjamin Cundall, a draper. He trained as a printer in Ipswich, and aged 16 found work in London with Charles Tilt, a bookseller and publisher. He wrote two books for Tilt and succeeded N Hailes in 1841 at the Juvenile Library, 12 Old Bond Street. In 1848 he started a lending library for children called St. George's Reading Library. In 1843 Cundall became publisher of the "Home Treasury" children's books, a series conceived and edited by Henry Cole under the pseudonym "Felix Summerly". Cole, who was later knighted, became the first director of South Kensington Museum which later changed its name to the Victoria and Albert Museum.

paragraph: Because of his association with Henry Cole, his early business ventures were successful, but by 1849 he had gone bankrupt. During the same year he started a partnership with H M Addey and moved his business premises to 21 Old Bond Street. This partnership dissolved in 1852 and Cundall moved to 168 New Bond Street, where his interest in photography started and where he founded "The Photographic Institution" and was a founder member of the Royal Photographic Society of London. His partners included Robert Howlett (1831–1858) (famed for his iconic portrait of Isambard Kingdom Brunel), George Downes (1812–1877) and Philip Henry Delamotte (1821–1889) who, in 1853, held what was the second photographic exhibition in Britain and photographed the reconstruction of The Crystal Palace at Sydenham in 1854. Cundall is noted for his photographs detailing the construction of the SS Great Eastern between 1854 and 1856, and his portraits of "Crimean Heroes" in 1856.

paragraph: In 1871 the British Government sent Cundall to Bayeux to manage the first photographic record of the Bayeux Tapestry. Cundall's photographic business traded at first as "Cundall, Howlett & Co", then "Cundall, Howlett & Downes" and between 1866 and 1872 as "Cundall & Fleming".

paragraph: He married Sarah Ranson in 1845 (she died in 1868) and then Emily Anne Thompson (who died in 1911).

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ruari McLean, "Joseph Cundall, A Victorian Publisher". Pinner, Middlesex: Private Libraries Association, 1976 SBN SBN 900002-13-1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph Cundall, "A Brief History of Wood-engraving from its Invention". 1895.

description: British publisher and photographer

wikidata_label: Joseph Cundall

wikipedia_title: Joseph Cundall


text:
Grevenbroich
Christian Democratic Union (Germany)
North Rhine-Westphalia
Konrad Adenauer Foundation
German Bundestag
Chancellor
Helmut Kohl
Bad Honnef

categories: Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians,1929 births,Members of the Bundestag for North Rhine-Westphalia,University of Cologne alumni,Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany,Female members of the Bundestag,Living people

paragraph: Dorothee Wilms

paragraph: Dorothee Wilms (October 11, 1929 in Grevenbroich) is a German politician.

paragraph: From 1982 to 1987 she was the Federal Minister for Education and Science and from 1987 to 1991 the Federal Minister for Inner-German relations.

paragraph: Section::::Education and career.

paragraph: After finishing school in 1950, Wilms began studying economics, social policy and sociology in Cologne, graduating in 1954. In 1956 she received a PhD completing a study on the macro and micro-economic processes in the German economy. From 1953 to 1973 she worked as a research assistant for youth and vocational training at the Institute of German Economy in Cologne. From 1977 to 1982 she was the head of the Center for Research in educational and socio-political development.

paragraph: Section::::Politics.

paragraph: In 1961 Dorothee Wilms joined the Christian Democratic Union (Germany) (CDU). From 1974 to 1976 she was deputy chairwoman of the CDU. In 1986 she was elected to the CDU Regional Executive, North Rhine-Westphalia. She was a member of the Board of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation for 25 years until 2005.

paragraph: Section::::Politics.:Bundestag.

paragraph: From 1976 to 1994 Wilms was a member of the German Bundestag. There she was parliamentary business manager of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group from 1980 to 1982.

paragraph: Section::::Politics.:Public office.

paragraph: Wilms was appointed on 4 October 1982 as the Federal Minister for Education and Science in the Cabinet of Chancellor Helmut Kohl. After the 1987 Bundestag elections, she was the Federal Minister for Intra-German relations. After German reunification, this ministry was dissolved. Since 1992 she was the chairperson of the Board of Trustees of the Public Service Foundation Chancellor Adenauer-Haus in Bad Honnef. She worked from 2000 to 2004 as chairperson of the Association of Former Members of the Bundestag and the European Parliament.

description: German politician

wikidata_label: Dorothee Wilms

wikipedia_title: Dorothee Wilms