text:
cuneiform
aš
Kassite language
Kassite storm god
Boreas
Kassite
Babylon
Karduniaš
Short
Middle
Kadašman-Enlil I
Egypt
Akhenaten
Esarhaddon
Amarna letters
Canaan
Šutatna
Akka
Abdi-Heba
Jerusalem
EA 287
Nefertiti
Elam
Vorderasiatisches Museum
Untash-Napirisha
Louvre
Suppiluliuma I
Hittites
Mitanni
Shattiwaza
Mursili II
Dilmun
Ilī-ippašra
šandabakku
Šamaš
Larsa
socle
Nippur
Nabonidus
temenos
Sippar
extispicy
Assyria
Aššur-uballiṭ I
Tutankhamen
Pergamon Museum
Kurigalzu II

categories: Babylonian kings,Kassite kings,14th-century BC Babylonian kings,Amarna letters writers,Amarna Period,14th-century BC rulers

paragraph: Burna-Buriash II

paragraph: Burna-Buriaš II, rendered in cuneiform as "Bur-na-" or "Bur-ra-Bu-ri-ia-aš" in royal inscriptions and letters, and meaning "servant" or "protégé of the Lord of the lands" in the Kassite language, where Buriaš is a Kassite storm god possibly corresponding to the Greek Boreas, was a king in the Kassite dynasty of Babylon, in a kingdom contemporarily called Karduniaš, ruling ca. 1359–1333 BC, where the Short and Middle chronologies have converged. Recorded as the 19th King to ascend the Kassite throne, he succeeded Kadašman-Enlil I, who was likely his father, and ruled for 27 years. He was a contemporary of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten. The proverb "the time of checking the books is the shepherds' ordeal" was attributed to him in a letter to the later king Esarhaddon from his agent Mar-Issar.

paragraph: Section::::Correspondence with Egypt.

paragraph: The diplomatic correspondence between Burna-Buriaš and the pharaohs is preserved in nine of the Amarna letters, designated EA (for "El Amarna") 6 to 14. The relationship between Babylon and Egypt during his reign was friendly at the start, and a marriage alliance was in the making. "From the time my ancestors and your ancestors made a mutual declaration of friendship, they sent beautiful greeting-gifts to each other, and refused no request for anything beautiful." Burna-Buriaš was obsessed with being received as an equal and often refers to his counterpart as "brother". They exchanged presents, horses, lapis-lazuli and other precious stones from Burna-Buriaš and ivory, ebony and gold from Akhenaten.

paragraph: But then things began to sour. On EA 10, he complains that the gold sent was underweight. “You have detained my messenger for two years!” he declares in consternation. He reproached the Egyptian for not having sent his condolences when he was ill and, when his daughter's wedding was underway, he complained that only five carriages were sent to convey her to Egypt. The bridal gifts filled 4 columns and 307 lines of cuneiform inventory on tablet EA 13.

paragraph: Not only were matters of state of concern. "What you want from my land, write and it shall be brought, and what I want from your land, I will write, that it may be brought." But even in matters of trade, things went awry and, in EA 8, he complains that Egypt's Canaanite vassals had robbed and murdered his merchants. He demanded vengeance, naming Šum-Adda, the son of Balumme, affiliation unknown, and Šutatna, the son of Šaratum of Akka, as the villainous perpetrators.

paragraph: In his correspondence with the Pharaohs, he did not hesitate to remind them of their obligations, quoting ancient loyalties:

paragraph: Posterity has not preserved any Egyptian response, however, Abdi-Heba, the Canaanite Mayor of Jerusalem, then a small hillside town, wrote in EA 287 that Kassite agents had attempted to break into his home and assassinate him.

paragraph: One letter preserves the apologetic response from a "mārat šarri", or princess, to her "bé-lí-ia", or lord (Nefertiti to Burna-Buriaš?). The letters present a playful, forthright and at times petulant repartee, but perhaps conceal a cunning interplay between them, to confirm their relative status, cajole the provision of desirable commodities and measure their respective threat, best exemplified by Burna-Buriaš' feigned ignorance of the distance between their countries, a four-month journey by caravan. Here he seems to test Akhenaten to shame him into sending gold or perhaps just to gauge the extent of his potential military reach.

paragraph: Section::::International Relations.

paragraph: Diplomacy with Babylon's neighbor, Elam, was conducted through royal marriages. A Neo-Babylonian copy of a literary text which takes the form of a letter, now located in the Vorderasiatisches Museum in Berlin, is addressed to the Kassite court by an Elamite King. It details the genealogy of the Elamite royalty of this period, and from it we find that Pahir-Iššan married Kurigalzu I’s sister and Humban-Numena married his daughter and their son, Untash-Napirisha was betrothed to Burna-Buriaš’s daughter. This may have been Napir-asu, whose headless statue (pictured) now resides in the Louvre in Paris.

paragraph: It is likely that Suppiluliuma I, king of the Hittites, married yet another of Burna Buriaš’s daughters, his third and final wife, who thereafter was known under the traditional title Tawananna, and this may have been the cause of his neutrality in the face of the Mitanni succession crisis. He refused asylum to the fleeing Shattiwaza, who received a more favorable response in Hatti, where Suppiluliuma I supported his reinstatement in a diminished vassal state. According to her step son Mursili II, she became quite a troublemaker, scheming and murderous, as in the case of Mursili’s wife, foistering her strange foreign ways on the Hittite court and ultimately being exiled. His testimony is preserved in two prayers in which he condemned her.

paragraph: Kassite influence reached to Bahrain, ancient Dilmun, where two letters found in Nippur were sent by a Kassite official, Ilī-ippašra, in Dilmun to Ililiya, a hypocoristic form of Enlil-kidinni, who was the governor, or "šandabakku", of Nippur during Burna Buriaš’s reign and that of his immediate successors. In the first letter, the hapless Ili-ippašra complains that the anarchic local Aḫlamû tribesmen have stolen his dates and “there is nothing I can do” while in the second letter they “certainly speak words of hostility and plunder to me”.

paragraph: Section::::Domestic Affairs.

paragraph: Building activity increased markedly in the latter half of the fourteenth century with Burna-Buriaš and his successors undertaking restoration work of sacred structures. Inscriptions from three door sockets and bricks, some of which are still in situ, bear witness to his restoration of the Ebabbar of the sun god Šamaš in Larsa. A tablet provides an exhortation to Enlil and a brick refers to work on the great socle of the Ekiur of Ninlil in Nippur. A thirteen line bilingual inscription can now probably be assigned to him. Neo-Babylonian temple inventory from Ur mentions him along with successors as a benefactor. A cylinder inscription of Nabonidus recalls Burna-Buriaš’ earlier work on the temenos at Sippar:

paragraph: There are around 87 economic texts, most of which were found at successive excavations in Nippur, providing a date formula based on regnal years, which progress up to year 27. Many of them are personnel rosters dealing with servile laborers, who were evidently working under duress as the terms , "escapee", and "ka-mu", "fettered", are used to classify some of them. Apparently thousands of men were employed in construction and agriculture and women in the textile industry. An oppressive regime developed to constrain their movements and prevent their escape. Other texts include two extispicy reports provide divinations based on examination of animal entrails. Nippur seems to have enjoyed the status of a secondary capital. The presence of the royal retinue replete with scribes would have provided the means for the creation of business records for the local population.

paragraph: Section::::Kara-ḫardaš, Nazi-Bugaš and the events at end of his reign.

paragraph: Later in his reign the Assyrian king Aššur-uballiṭ I was received at the Egyptian court by Tutankhamen, who had by then ascended the throne. This caused a great deal of dismay from Burna-Buriaš who claimed the Assyrians were his vassals, "Why have they been received in your land? If I am dear to you, do not let them conclude any business. May they return here with empty hands!" on EA 9. Finally released from beneath the yoke of Mitanni hegemony, Assyria emerged as a great power during his reign, threatening the northern border of the kingdom.

paragraph: Perhaps to cement relations, Muballiṭat-Šērūa, daughter of Aššur-uballiṭ, had been married to either Burna-Buriaš or possibly his son, Kara-ḫardaš; the historical sources do not agree. The scenario proposed by Brinkman has come to be considered the orthodox interpretation of these events. A poorly preserved letter in the Pergamon Museum possibly mentions him and a princess or "mārat šarri". Kara-ḫardaš was murdered, shortly after succeeding his father to the throne, during a rebellion by the Kassite army in 1333 BC. This incited Aššur-uballiṭ to invade, depose the usurper installed by the army, one Nazi-Bugaš or Šuzigaš, described as "a Kassite, son of a nobody", and install Kurigalzu II, "the younger", variously rendered as son of Burnaburiaš and son of Kadašman-Ḫarbe, likely a scribal error for Kara-ḫardaš. Note, however, that there are more than a dozen royal inscriptions of Kurigalzu II identifying Burna-Buriaš as his father.

description: Kassite king

wikidata_label: Burna-Buriash II

wikipedia_title: Burna-Buriash II


text: African-American

text: scholar

text: author

text: social historian

text: Forced into Glory

text: Abraham Lincoln

text: Mississippi

text: Morehouse College

text: Korean War

text: Atlanta Daily World

text: Johnson Publishing

text: JET

text: Ebony

text: Northwestern University

text: Clarksdale, Mississippi

text: Jackson, Mississippi

text: Jackson, Mississippi

text: Lanier High School

text: Morehouse College

text: Atlanta

text: Martin Luther King Jr.

text: Kappa Alpha Psi

text: Korean War

text: JET

text: John H. Johnson

text: Ebony

text: Jefferson

text: Sally Hemings

text: DNA

text: Eston Hemings

text: Thomas Jefferson Foundation

text: Monticello

text: Northwestern University

text: Abraham Lincoln

text: James McPherson

text: Eric Foner

text: Kenwood, Chicago

text: Carter G. Woodson

text: American Academy of Arts and Letters

text: Capital Press Club

text: Candace Award

text: National Coalition of 100 Black Women

text: Morehouse College

text: Wilberforce University

text: Marquette University

text: Voorhees College

text: Morgan State University

text: University of Illinois

text: Lincoln College

text: Dillard University

text: Bennett's biography

categories: Morehouse College alumni,American Book Award winners,Johnson Publishing,African-American academics,1928 births,African-American writers,People from Clarksdale, Mississippi,Journalists from Georgia (U.S. state),Writers from Georgia (U.S. state),Writers from Mississippi,2018 deaths,African-American journalists

paragraph: Lerone Bennett Jr.

paragraph: Lerone Bennett Jr. (October 17, 1928 – February 14, 2018) was an African-American scholar, author and social historian, known for his analysis of race relations in the United States. His best-known works include "Before the Mayflower" (1962) and "Forced into Glory" (2000), a book about U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.

paragraph: Born and raised in Mississippi, he graduated from Morehouse College in 1949. He served in the Korean War and began in journalism briefly at the "Atlanta Daily World", when we was hired away by Johnson Publishing to work for "JET" magazine. Later, he was the long-time executive editor of "Ebony" magazine, and was associated with the publication for more than 50 years. Bennett also served as a visiting professor of history at Northwestern University.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Bennett was born in Clarksdale, Mississippi, on October 17, 1928, the son of Lerone Bennett Sr. and Alma Reed. When he was young, his family moved to Jackson, Mississippi, the capital. His father worked as a chauffeur and his mother a maid but they divorced when he was a child. At twelve he began writing for "The Mississippi Enterprise", a Jackson, Mississippi, black owned paper. He recalled once getting in trouble for being distracted from an errand when he happened upon a newspaper to read. He attended segregated schools as a child under the state system, and graduated from Lanier High School.

paragraph: Bennett attended Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, where he was classmates with Martin Luther King Jr. Graduating in 1949, Bennett recalled that this time was integral to his intellectual development. He also joined the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Bennett served as a soldier during the Korean War, he also pursued graduate studies. He became a journalist for the "Atlanta Daily World" in 1949, continuing until 1953. He also served as city editor for "JET" magazine from 1952 to 1953. The magazine had been founded in 1945 by John H. Johnson, who first founded its parent magazine, "Ebony", that year.

paragraph: In 1953, Bennett became associate editor of "Ebony" magazine, taking on the role of executive editor from 1958. The magazine served as his base for the publication of a steady stream of articles on African-American history, with some collected and published as books.

paragraph: He was noted for his 1954 article "Thomas Jefferson's Negro Grandchildren", about the 20th-century lives of individuals claiming descent from Jefferson and his slave Sally Hemings. It brought black oral history into the public world of journalism and published histories. This relationship was long denied by Jefferson's daughter and two of her children, and main line historians relied on their account. But new works published in the 1970s and 1990s challenged that position. Since a 1998 DNA study demonstrated a match between an Eston Hemings descendant and the Jefferson male line, the historic consensus has shifted (including the position of the Thomas Jefferson Foundation at Monticello) to acknowledging that Jefferson likely had a 38-year relationship with Hemings and was the father of all her six children of record, four of whom survived to adulthood.

paragraph: In addition Bennett wrote several books, including numerous histories of the African-American experience. These include his first work, "Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America, 1619–1962" (1962), which discusses the contributions of African Americans in the United States from its earliest years. Bennet served as visiting professor of history at Northwestern University.

paragraph: His 2000 book, "", questions Abraham Lincoln's role as the "Great Emancipator". This last work was described by one reviewer as a "flawed mirror." It was criticized by historians of the Civil War period, such as James McPherson and Eric Foner.

paragraph: Bennett is credited with the phrase: "Image Sees, Image Feels, Image Acts," meaning the images that people see influence how they feel, and ultimately how they act.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Bennett married Gloria Sylvester (1930–2009) on July 21, 1956. They met while working together at "JET". The couple had four children together: Alma Joy, Constance, Courtney, and Lerone III (1960–2013).

paragraph: A longtime resident of Kenwood, Chicago, he died at his home there on 14 February 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy and honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 – Carter G. Woodson Lifetime Achievement Award from Association for the Study of African American Life and History

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978 – Literature Award of the American Academy of Arts and Letters

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965 – Patron Saints Award from the Society of Midland Authors

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963 – Book of the Year Award from Capital Press Club

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 – Candace Award from the National Coalition of 100 Black Women

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary degrees from Morehouse College, Wilberforce University, Marquette University, Voorhees College, Morgan State University, University of Illinois, Lincoln College, and Dillard University.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America, 1619–1962" (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What Manner of Man: A Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr." (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Confrontation: Black and White" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Power U.S.A.: The Human Side of Reconstruction 1867–1877" (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pioneers In Protest: Black Power U.S.A." (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Challenge of Blackness" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Shaping of Black America" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wade in the Water: Great Moments in Black History" (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2000), Johnson. Publ. Co.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bennett's biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lerone Bennett Jr.'s oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Booknotes" interview with Bennett on "Forced Into Glory", September 10, 2000.

description: American academic

wikidata_label: Lerone Bennett, Jr.

wikipedia_title: Lerone Bennett Jr.


text: mycologist

text: Hypocreales

text: Ascomycota

text: Hypomyces

text: parasitize

text: Cornell University

text: Kansas State University

text: curator

text: New York Botanical Garden

text: academic journal

text: Mycological Society of America

text: Editor-in-chief

text: Mycologia

text: Ogden, Utah

text: Weber State University

text: Utah State University

text: Bassett Maguire

text: plant pathologist

text: bachelor of science

text: Pacific Theater

text: internee

text: slime mold

text: Smithsonian Institution

text: systematics

text: doctoral

text: Harry Morton Fitzpatrick

text: Cornell University

text: Richard Korf

text: Hypomyces

text: anamorph

text: Donald S. Welch

text: Kansas State University

text: associate professor

text: taxonomic

text: aeromycology

text: New York Botanical Garden

text: William Jacob Robbins

text: Cryptogam

text: fern

text: mosses

text: fungi

text: lichens

text: bryologist

text: pteridologist

text: Ascomycetes

text: genus

text: parasitize

text: New York

text: Flora Neotropica

text: adjunct professor

text: Columbia University

text: Lehman College

text: City University of New York

text: Mycological Society of America

text: Managing editor

text: Editor-in-chief

text: Mycologia

text: systematists

text: New Jersey

text: fungicolous

text: Hypocreales

text: order

text: keys

text: descriptions

text: type species

text: Cladobotryum arnoldii

text: Cladobotryum hughesii

text: Cladobotryum succineum

text: Cylindrosporium campicola

text: Hypocrea avellanea

text: Hypomyces amaurodermatis

text: Hypomyces badius

text: Hypomyces boletiphagus

text: Hypomyces cervinigenus

text: Hypomyces chlorinigenus

text: Hypomyces lanceolatus

text: Hypomyces leotiicola

text: Hypomyces melanocarpus

text: Hypomyces melanochlorus

text: Hypomyces microspermus

text: Hypomyces mycogones

text: Hypomyces mycophilus

text: Hypomyces papulasporae

text: Hypomyces pergamenus

text: Hypomyces porphyreus

text: Hypomyces pseudopolyporinus

text: Hypomyces stephanomatis

text: Hypomyces succineus

text: Hypomyces sympodiophorus

text: Merugia

text: Nectria albidopilosa

text: Nectria discicola

text: Nectria discophila

text: Nectria phialotrichi

text: Podostroma eperuae

text: Sympodiophora polyporicola

text: Anton De Bary

text: William Russell Dudley

text: Joseph Charles Arthur

text: George Francis Atkinson

text: Mason B. Thomas

text: Wabash College

text: Robert L. Shaffer

text: Gary J. Samuels

text: University of Maryland

text: North American Mycological Association

text: commemorative publication

text: American Association for the Advancement of Science

text: Bergen Swamp Preservation Society

text: Utah Academy of Sciences

text: Rogersonanthus

text: Rogersonia

text: Clonostachys rogersoniana

text: Golovinomyces rogersonii

text: Pseudocercospora rogersoniana

text: Pseudocosmospora rogersonii

text: Trichoderma rogersonii

text: Zelleromyces rogersonii

text: ""Underwoodia" in Kansas".

text: "Some leafspot fungi on Kansas Gramineae".

text: "Homothallism in an undescribed "Cochliobolus" and in "Cochliobolus kusanoi"".

text: "Kansas aeromycology V: "Penicillium" and "Aspergillus"".

text: "Patterns of polyacetylene production I. The diatretynes".

text: "A new species of "Penicillium"".

text: "The Hypocrealean fungi (Ascomycetes-Hypocreales)".

text: "A new species of Hypomyces on "Helvella"".

text: "Fred Jay Seaver, 1877–1970".

text: "A new North American species: "Physalacria cryptomeriae"".

text: "Two new species of Loculoascomycetes".

text: "Illudoids from "Omphalotus olivascens" and "Clitocybe subilludens"".

text: "Disposition of "Stilbum rhizomorpharum" under "Pseudographiella"".

text: "Species of "Hypomyces" and "Nectria" occurring on discomycetes".

text: "Boleticolous species of "Hypomyces"".

text: "Polyporicolous species of "Hypomyces"".

text: "Myxomyceticolous fungi".

text: "Agaricolous species of Hypomyces".

text: "Phytoparasitic hyphomycetes from Utah (USA)—II".

text: "Phytoparasitic Hyphomycetes from Utah (USA)".

text: "Some loculoascomycete species from the Great Basin, USA".

text: Clark T. Rogerson, Expert on Fungi, Is Dead at 82 - The New York Times Obituaries

categories: American mycologists,Kansas State University faculty,Cornell University alumni,1918 births,2001 deaths

paragraph: Clark Thomas Rogerson

paragraph: Clark Thomas Rogerson, (2 October 1918 – 7 September 2001), was an American mycologist. He was known for his work in the Hypocreales (Ascomycota), particularly "Hypomyces", a genus of fungi that parasitize other fungi. After receiving his doctorate from Cornell University in 1950, he went on to join the faculty of Kansas State University. In 1958, he became a curator at The New York Botanical Garden, and served as editor for various academic journals published by the Garden. Rogerson was involved with the Mycological Society of America, serving in various positions, including President in 1969. He was Managing Editor (1958–89) and Editor-in-chief (1960–65) of the scientific journal "Mycologia".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: C.T. Rogerson was born on October 2, 1918, in Ogden, Utah, to parents Elijah Knapp Rogerson (1899–1956) and Mable Crissie Clarke Rogerson (1897–1987). Upon graduating from high school in 1936, he enrolled in Weber Junior College (since renamed to Weber State University) for the following two years. Rogerson then attended Utah State University, where he had hoped to work under the supervision of botanist Bassett Maguire, but settled instead for the only available studentship with plant pathologist B.L. Richards. Rogerson received his bachelor of science from Utah State University in 1940. Soon after, he was drafted into the army, and spent three years (1942–1945) in the Pacific Theater of World War II. He served as a technical sergeant in laboratory and pharmacy at an army evacuation hospital, and cared for internees released in the Philippines near the war's end. During his war years, Rogerson made collections of plants, fungi, slime molds, and butterflies that he sent to Cornell or to the Smithsonian Institution.

paragraph: After the war finished, Rogerson continued studying fungal systematics and started a doctoral program with Harry Morton Fitzpatrick at Cornell University; noted mycologist Richard Korf was another of Fitzpatrick's graduate students at the time. Under Fitzpatrick, Rogerson studied "Hypomyces" fungi and their anamorphs. Fitzpatrick committed suicide in 1950, and Donald S. Welch replaced him as Rogerson's advisor for the last few months of his doctoral program. Rogerson received his doctorate from Cornell in 1950. That year, he joined the faculty of Kansas State University as an assistant professor, but he would ultimately advance to associate professor. While at Kansas, he worked on the identification of fungi, and published nearly 20 papers on fungal taxonomic novelties, aeromycology (the fungal flora of air), and plant diseases caused by fungi.

paragraph: In 1958, the director of The New York Botanical Garden, William Jacob Robbins, recruited Rogerson for the position of Curator of Cryptogamic Botany. Rogerson became Senior Curator in 1967 and Senior Curator Emeritus at his retirement in 1990. As curator of cryptogamic botany, Rogerson "was directly responsible for all accessions and loans of ferns and mosses, as well as of fungi and lichens, until about 1965 when, first a bryologist and later a pteridologist were added to the cryptogamic staff." At the Garden, he also continued his study on the taxonomy of the Ascomycetes, especially of "Hypomyces", a genus of fungi that parasitize other fungi, and the fungal diversity of New York and Utah. Additionally, he served as editor of the Garden's publications: "Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" (1963–88), "North American Flora" (1963–88), and "Flora Neotropica" (1969–83). While at the Garden, Rogerson was also an adjunct professor of biology at Columbia University and at the Herbert H. Lehman College of the City University of New York.

paragraph: During his tenure at the Garden, Rogerson was also a deeply involved member of the Mycological Society of America (MSA). He served as Managing editor (1958–89) and Editor-in-chief (1960–65) of the scientific journal "Mycologia". He was Vice-President (1967), President Elect (1968), and President of the MSA (1969), and secretary-treasurer of the society from 1973 to 1974. He has served as historian of the Mycological Society of America from 1960 to 1990. Rogerson was a generous donor to MSA student travel awards. He died in Ogden on September 7, 2001.

paragraph: Section::::Mycological contributions.

paragraph: Rogerson added many thousands of records of fungi, mainly from Utah, to the Garden herbarium, where his specimens are available for study by systematists. Rogerson assisted in the formation of the three major amateur mushroom groups in the New York City area: the New York Mycological Association, the New Jersey Mycological Association, and the Connecticut-Westchester Mycological Association (COMA). He helped amateur mycologists correctly identify fungal specimens during his weekends. "In return, amateur mycologists provided him with many specimens of fungicolous "Hypomyces"."

paragraph: In 1970, Rogerson presented a detailed history of the Hypocreales and reviewed changes in the circumscription of the order up to that time. His publication included keys to the genera of both the Hypocreales and Clavicipitales, followed by a list of genera, each with the literature citation of the original descriptions and type species. He included 115 genera in the Hypocreales.

paragraph: Section::::Mycological contributions.:Taxa described.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cladobotryum arnoldii" Rogerson & Samuels 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cladobotryum hughesii" Rogerson & Samuels 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cladobotryum succineum" Rogerson & Samuels 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cylindrosporium campicola" Rogerson & R. Sprague 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypocrea avellanea" Rogerson & S.T. Carey 1976

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces amaurodermatis" Rogerson & Samuels 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces badius" Rogerson & Samuels 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces boletiphagus" Rogerson & Samuels 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces cervinigenus" Rogerson & Simms 1971

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces chlorinigenus" Rogerson & Samuels 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces lanceolatus" Rogerson & Samuels 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces leotiicola" Rogerson & Samuels 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces melanocarpus" Rogerson & Mazzer 1971

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces melanochlorus" Rogerson & Samuels 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces microspermus" Rogerson & Samuels 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces mycogones" Rogerson & Samuels 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces mycophilus" Rogerson & Samuels 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces papulasporae" Rogerson & Samuels 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces papulasporae" var. "americanus" Rogerson & Samuels 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces pergamenus" Rogerson & Samuels 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces porphyreus" Rogerson & Mazzer 1971

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces pseudopolyporinus" Rogerson & Samuels 1986

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces stephanomatis" Rogerson & Samuels 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces succineus" Rogerson & Samuels 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hypomyces sympodiophorus" Rogerson & Samuels 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Merugia" Rogerson & Samuels 1990

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Merugia palicoureae" Rogerson & Samuels 1990

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nectria albidopilosa" Rogerson & Samuels 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nectria discicola" Rogerson & Samuels 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nectria discophila" Rogerson & Samuels 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nectria phialotrichi" Rogerson & Samuels 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Podostroma eperuae" Rogerson & Samuels 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sympodiophora polyporicola" Rogerson & S.T. Carey 1981

paragraph: Section::::Mycological lineage.

paragraph: Clark T. Rogerson belongs to the Dudley mycological lineage, which can be traced back to Anton De Bary, a famous German mycologist. William Russell Dudley was Assistant Professor of Cryptogamic Botany at Cornell University from 1883 to 1892, and received mycological training from De Bary in 1887. Joseph Charles Arthur, George Francis Atkinson, and Mason B. Thomas studied under Dudley. Thomas went to Wabash College, where he would influence Harry Morton Fitzpatrick to study mycology. Fitzpatrick received his Ph.D. in 1913 at Cornell under tutelage of Atkinson. Rogerson studied under Fitzpatrick at Cornell from 1946 to 1950. Contemporary to Rogerson was fellow student Richard P. Korf, another prominent mycologist. Students of Rogerson include Robert L. Shaffer (Kansas State; M.A.), Susan Carey Canham (Columbia University; Ph.D.), Anna F. Doyle (Columbia University; Ph.D.), Gary J. Samuels (Columbia University; Ph.D.), and Rosalind Lowen (Lehman College; Ph.D.). Katia F. Rodrigues and Priscila Chaverri (Penn State; Ph.D.) studied under Samuels. The Rogerson sublineage continues to expand under Chaverri at the University of Maryland.

paragraph: Section::::Honors and memberships.

paragraph: Rogerson received several awards and honors during his career:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969: President of the Mycological Society of America

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980: North American Mycological Association (NAMA) award for contributions to amateur mycology

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981: Award from the Mycological Society of America in appreciation for service to the Society as Historian, Secretary-Treasurer, Vice-President, and President and as Managing Editor and Editor-in-Chief of "Mycologia"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981: The Connecticut-Westchester Mycological Association (COMA) named their annual four-day mushroom foray after C.T. Rogerson in appreciation of his commitment to education and the development of amateur mycology.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984: New York Botanical Garden Distinguished Service Award for outstanding contribution to the advancement of Horticulture and Botany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: COMAndation for outstanding service to COMA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989: A commemorative publication celebrating the 70th birthday of C.T. Rogerson (Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 49: 1–375).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: The Mycological Society of America established the Clark T. Rogerson student research and travel award.

paragraph: Rogerson was a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Bergen Swamp Preservation Society, and the Utah Academy of Sciences.

paragraph: Section::::Honors and memberships.:Eponymous taxa.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rogersonanthus" B.Maguire & B.M.Boom (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rogersonia" Samuels & Lodge (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clonostachys rogersoniana" Schroers (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Golovinomyces rogersonii" U.Braun (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pseudocercospora rogersoniana" U.Braun & Crous

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pseudocosmospora rogersonii" C. Herrera & P. Chaverri

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trichoderma rogersonii" Samuels (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zelleromyces rogersonii" Fogel & States (2001)

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Rogerson wrote 65 research publications and several bibliographic publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950. Rogerson CT, Muenscher WC. "The vegetation of Bergen Swamp VI. The fungi." "Proc Rochester Acad Sci" 9:277–314.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951. King C, Rogerson CT. "Tomato late blight in Kansas". "Plant Dis Rep" 35:120.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952. Rogerson CT, Shaffer RL. ""Underwoodia" in Kansas". "Mycologia" 44:582.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952. Shaffer RL, Rogerson CT. "Notes on the fleshy fungi of Kansas". "Trans Kansas Acad Sci" 55:282–286.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952. Walker EA, Rogerson CT, Jenkins AE. "Additional collections of plantain scab and violet scab from several North Central states". "Plant Dis Rep" 36: 331–332.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953. Elmer OM, Shields IJ, Rogerson CT. "Oak wilt in seven Kansas counties". "Plant Dis Rep" 37:44.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953. Rogerson CT. "Kansas mycological notes: 1951". "Trans Kansas Acad" 56:53–57.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954. Rogerson CT, King CL. "Stem rust of Merion bluegrass in Kansas". "Pl Dis Reporter" 38:57.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954. Rogerson CT. "Kansas mycological notes: 1952". "Trans Kansas Acad" 57:280–284.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954. Slagg CM, Rogerson CT. "A tuckahoe found in Kansas". "Trans Kansas Acad" 57:66–68.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956. Rogerson CT. "Kansas mycological notes: 1953–54". "Trans Kansas Acad" 59:39–48.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957. Pady SM, Johnston CO, Rogerson CT. "Stipe rust of wheat in Kansas in 1957". "Plant Dis Rep" 41: 959–961.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957. Rogerson CT. "Diseases of grasses in Kansas: 1953–55". "Plant Dis Rep" 40:388–397.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957. ———. "Verticillium-wilt in Kansas". "Plant Dis Rep" 41:1053–1054.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958. ———. "Diseases of grasses in Kansas: 1956–1957". "Plant Dis Rep" 42:346–353.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958. ———. "Kansas aeromycology I. Comparison of media". "Trans Kansas Acad" 61:155–162.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958. ———. "Kansas mycological notes: 1955–1956". "Trans Kansas Acad" 60:370–375.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958. ———. "Kansas mycological notes: 1957". "Trans Kansas Acad" 61:262–272.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958. Sprague R, Rogerson CT. "Some leafspot fungi on Kansas Gramineae". "Mycologia" 50:634–641.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959. CL, Pady SM, Rogerson CT, Ouye L. "Kansas aeromycology II. Materials, methods, and general results". "Trans Kansas Acad" 62:184–199.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959. Kramer CL, Pady SM, Rogerson CT. "Kansas aeromycology III. "Cladosporium"". "Trans Kansas Acad" 62:200–207.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959. Luttrell ES, Rogerson CT. "Homothallism in an undescribed "Cochliobolus" and in "Cochliobolus kusanoi"". "Mycologia" 51:195–202.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959. Willis WW, Rogerson CT, Carpenter WJ. "An evaluation of several fungicides for control of root rot of croft lilies". "Plant Dis Rep" 43:745–749.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960. Hall CV, Dutta SK, Kalia HR, Rogerson CT. "Inheritance of resistance to the fungus "Colletotrichum lagenarium" in watermelons". "Proc Am Soc Hort Sci" 15:638–643.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960. Kramer CL, Pady SM, Rogerson CT. "Kansas aeromycology IV. "Alternaria"". "Trans Kansas Acad" 62: 252–256.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960. ———, ———, ———. "Kansas aeromycology V: "Penicillium" and "Aspergillus"". "Mycologia" 52:545–555.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960. ———, ———, ———. "Kansas aeromycology VIII: "Phycomycetes"". "Trans Kansas Acad" 63:19–23.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962. Anchel M, Silverman WB, Valanju N, Rogerson CT. "Patterns of polyacetylene production I. The diatretynes". "Mycologia" 54:249–257.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962. Rogerson CT. "Coral mushrooms". "Gard Journal New York Botanical Garden" 12:52–54.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962. Swarup G, Hansing ED, Rogerson CT. "Fungi associated with sorghum seed in Kansas". "Trans Kansas Acad" 65:120–137.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965. Rogerson CT. "Bibliography". In: Munz PA, Onagraceae (ed.). "N Am Flora II" 5:232–265.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965. ———. "Bibliography". In: Yuncker TG, Cuscuta (ed.). "N Am Flora II" 4:41–48.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965. ———. "Stinkhorn fungi". "Gard Journal New York Botanical Garden" 15:214–215.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966. ———. "Dedication and preface" In: "Mycologia" index volumes 1–58, 1909–1966. The New York Botanical Garden: New York. Pp. vii–xv.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967. Kramer CL, Haard RT, Rogerson CT. "Kansas mycological notes, 1955–1964". "Trans Kansas Acad" 70:241–255.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968. Rogerson CT. Preface. In: "Mycologia" index, volumes 1–58, 1909–1966. ix–xv. New York: The New York Botanical Garden.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969. ———. "The cryptogamic herbarium. Algae and fungi". "Gard Journal New York Botanical Garden" 19:14–19.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970. Hodges CS Jr, Warner GM, Rogerson CT. "A new species of "Penicillium"". "Mycologia" 62:1106–1111.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970. Rogerson CT. "The Hypocrealean fungi (Ascomycetes-Hypocreales)". "Mycologia" 62:865–910.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971. ———, Mazzer SJ. "Two new species of "Hypomyces" from Michigan". "Michigan Bot" 10:107–113.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971. ———, Simms HR. "A new species of Hypomyces on "Helvella"". "Mycologia" 63:416–422.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973. ———. "Fred Jay Seaver, 1877–1970". "Mycologia" 65:721–724.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973. ———. "New names and new taxa of fungi proposed by Fred Jay Seaver (1877–1970). 1–42". Unpublished manuscript. The New York Botanical Garden.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973. ———. "Publications of Fred Jay Seaver, 1877–1970. 1–21". Unpublished manuscript, The New York Botanical Garden.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976 [5 Jan 1977]. Carey ST, Rogerson CT. "Taxonomy and morphology of a new species of "Hypocrea" on "Marasmius"". "Brittonia" 28:381–389.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976. Rogerson CT, ed. "Commemorating the 70th Birthday of Dr. Josiah L. Lowe". "Mem New York Bot Gard" 28:24.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977. Hervey A, Rogerson CT, Leong I. "Studies of fungi cultivated by ants". "Brittonia" 29:226–236.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977. Malloch D, Rogerson CT. ""Pulveria", a new genus of Xylariaceae (Ascomycetes)". "Can J Bot" 55:1505–1509.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978. ———, ———. "Fungi of the Canadian boreal forest region: "Catulus aquilonius" gen. et sp. nov., a hyperparasite on "Seuratia millardetii"". "Can J Bot" 56: 2344–2347.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978. Rogerson CT. "Bibliography and index (Compositae tribe Mutisiae, tribe Senecioneae, tribe Vernoniaea)". "N Am Flora II", 10:203–245.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981. Berthier J, Rogerson CT. "A new North American species: "Physalacria cryptomeriae"". "Mycologia" 73: 643–648.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981. Carey ST, Rogerson CT. "Morphology and cytology of "Hypomyces polyporinus" and its "Sympodiophora" anamorph". "Bull Torrey Bot Club" 108:12–24.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981. Rossman AY, Rogerson CT. "A new species of "Hypomyces" (Hypocreaceae) with phragmosporous ascospores". "Brittonia" "33":382–384.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983. Barr ME, Rogerson CT. "Two new species of Loculoascomycetes". "Mycotaxon" 17:247–252.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983. Carey ST, Rogerson CT. ""Arnoldiomyces clavisporus", the anamorph of "Hypomyces polyporinus"". "Bull Torrey Club" 110:224–225.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983. Nair MSR, Carey ST, Rogerson CT. "Illudoids from "Omphalotus olivascens" and "Clitocybe subilludens"". "Mycologia" 75:920–922.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 [May 1986]. Samuels GJ, Rogerson CT. "New ascomycetes from Amazonas". "Acta Amazonica" 14(1/2 Suppl.):81–93.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984. Buck WR, Rogerson CT. "Bibliography. "Sphagnopsida", "Sphagnaceae"". "N Am Flora II" 11:161–175.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984. Rogerson CT, Thiers BM. "Fungi from the A.O. Garrett Herbarium, University of Utah (UT)". "Brittonia" 36:293–296.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984. Samuels GJ, Rogerson CT, Rossman AY, Smith JD. ""Nectria tuberculariformis", "Nectriella muelleri", "Nectriella" sp., and "Hyponectria sceptri": low-temperature tolerant, alpine-boreal fungal antagonists". "Can J Bot" 62:1896–1903.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984. ———, ———. ""Nectria atrofusca" and its anamorph, "Fusarium staphyeae", a parasite of "Staphylea trifolia" in Eastern North America". "Brittonia" 36:81–895.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985. Illman WI, Rogerson CT, White GP. "Disposition of "Stilbum rhizomorpharum" under "Pseudographiella"". "Mycologia" 77:662–665.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985. Rogerson CT, Samuels GJ. "Species of "Hypomyces" and "Nectria" occurring on discomycetes". "Mycologia" 77:763–783.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986. Barr ME, Rogerson CT, Smith SJ, Haines JH. "An annotated catalog of the pyrenomycetes described by Charles H. Peck". "Bull New York State Mus Nat Hist" 459:1–74.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986. Rogerson CT. "[Review of] Microfungi on land plants. An identification handbook, by Martin B. Ellis and J. Pamela Ellis". "Bull Torrey Club" 113:61.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988. Samuels GJ, Barr ME, Rogerson CT. ""Xenomeris saccifolii" and "Gibbera sphyrospermi", new tropical species of the Venturiaceae (Fungi, Pleosporales)". "Brittonia" 40:392–397.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989. Rogerson CT, Samuels GJ. "Boleticolous species of "Hypomyces"". "Mycologia" 81:413–432.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989. ———, ———. "Polyporicolous species of "Hypomyces"". "Mycologia" 85:231–272.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989. Samuels GJ, Rogerson CT. ""Endocreas lasiacidis" and "Sinosphaeria lasiacidis", new tropical ascomycetes". "Stud Mycol" 31:145–149.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990. Rogerson CT, Harris RC, Samuels GJ. "Fungi collected by Bassett Maguire and Collaborators in the Guayana Highland, 1944–1983". "Mem New York Bot Gard" 64:130–164.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990. Samuels GJ, Doi Y, Rogerson CT. "Hypocreales". "Mem New York Bot Gard" 59:6–108.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990. ———, Rogerson CT. "Some Ascomycetes (Fungi) occurring on tropical ferns". "Brittonia" 42:105–115.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990. ———, Rogerson CT. "New Ascomycetes from the Guayana Highland". "Mem New York Bot Gard" 64:165–183.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991. ———, Rossman AY, Lowen R, Rogerson CT. "A synopsis of "Nectria" subgen. "Dialonectria"". "Mycol Pap" 164:1–48.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992. Rogerson CT, Samuels GJ. "New species of Hypocreales (Fungi, Ascomycetes)". "Brittonia" 44:256–263.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993. ———, Stephenson SL. "Myxomyceticolous fungi". "Mycologia" 85:456–469.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994. ———, Samuels GJ. "Agaricolous species of Hypomyces". "Mycologia" 86:839–866.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995. Braun U, Rogerson CT. "Phytoparasitic hyphomycetes from Utah (USA)—II". "Sydowia" 47:141–145.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995. ———, Rogerson CT. "Phytoparasitic Hyphomycetes from Utah (USA)". "Mycotaxon" 46:263–274.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996. Rogerson CT, Samuels GJ. "Mycology at The New York Botanical Garden (1895–1995)". "Brittonia" 48:389–398.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999. Barr ME, Rogerson CT. "Some loculoascomycete species from the Great Basin, USA". "Mycotaxon" 71:473–480.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999. Rossman, Samuels GJ, Rogerson CT, Lowen R. "Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes)". "Stud Mycol" 42:1–248.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clark T. Rogerson, Expert on Fungi, Is Dead at 82 - The New York Times Obituaries

description: American mycologist

wikidata_label: Clark Thomas Rogerson

wikipedia_title: Clark Thomas Rogerson


text:
Winston Churchill
David Lloyd George
Lord Beaverbrook
Sir Philip Sassoon
Lady Ottoline Morrell
Gordon Selfridge
William Augustus Tilden
synthetic rubber
Bedales
Rugby
Architectural Association
Thomas Edward Collcutt
Gordon Selfridge's
Selfridges
Moorish
Port Lympne
Lloyd George's
Philip Sassoon
Trent Park
Chartwell Manor
Winston Churchill
Bron-y-de
Churt
David Lloyd George
Antony House
Sydenham House
Listed Building
Port Lympne Mansion
Grade II* listed
Chartwell
Grade I listed
Grade I listed
Shute
The Times
Allington Castle
Sir Martin Conway
Antony House
Sir John Carew Pole
Bron-y-de
Churt
David Lloyd George
Chartwell
Winston Churchill
Cherkley Court
Leatherhead
Lord Beaverbrook
Garsington Manor
Lady Ottoline Morrell
Luscombe Castle
Luton Hoo
Port Lympne Mansion
Sir Philip Sassoon
Prussia Cove
Saltwood Castle
Sir Martin Conway
Shrigley Hall
Salesian Brothers

categories: 1956 deaths,English architects,20th-century British architects,People educated at Bedales School,1887 births

paragraph: Philip Tilden

paragraph: Philip Tilden (31 May 1887 – 25 February 1956) was an English architect, active in the early twentieth century, who worked for some of the most prominent members of English society, including Winston Churchill, David Lloyd George, Lord Beaverbrook, Sir Philip Sassoon, Lady Ottoline Morrell and Gordon Selfridge.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Tilden was born on 31 May 1887, the son of William Augustus Tilden, a prominent chemist who discovered synthetic rubber. Educated at Bedales and Rugby, Tilden joined the Architectural Association in 1905, leaving in 1908 to become an articled pupil to Thomas Edward Collcutt, with whom he later went into partnership. By 1917, he had established his own practice and for the next twenty years worked almost exclusively for a small circle of rich, interconnected, patrons for whom he designed, or re-constructed, country houses, gardens, chapels and churches, castles and a vast tower that was intended to sit on top of Gordon Selfridge's department store on Oxford Street, London.

paragraph: His best known works, apart from the unexecuted design for the Selfridges tower, were all for politicians: from 1918 to 1923 he designed the Moorish Courtyard, compared by Honor Channon to a "Spanish brothel", and the gardens and swimming pools at Port Lympne for Lloyd George's secretary, Philip Sassoon and may also have worked for Sassoon at Trent Park. Later in 1920s he completely reconstructed Chartwell Manor for Winston Churchill and during the same period built Bron-y-de, at Churt in Surrey, as a country house for David Lloyd George.

paragraph: By the late 1920s, Tilden's career had peaked: near bankruptcy, following some failed speculative developments; combined with a mental breakdown, which Bettley attributes to Tilden's attempting to reconcile his homosexuality with his marriage to Amalia Broden, a Swedish author; led to his leaving London entirely and moving to Devon. The latter part of his career was spent mainly in the West Country, where he undertook the restoration of a number of, mostly, less important country houses for a variety of less eminent clients. Examples include the reconstruction of Antony House in Cornwall and of Sydenham House in Devon.

paragraph: Many of Tilden's buildings now enjoy Listed Building status although this is sometimes due to the fame of their owners, or to work that pre-dated Tilden, rather than to his own efforts: examples include Port Lympne Mansion, Grade II* listed as at 29 December 1966; Chartwell, Grade I listed as at 16 January 1975 and Antony House, Grade I listed as at 21 July 1951.

paragraph: In 1954 Tilden published his autobiography, "True Remembrances: the memoirs of an architect". Bettley considered it highly unreliable. Philip Tilden died on 25 February 1956 at Shute, Devon. His obituary in "The Times", described him as "an architect with a talent for restoring old buildings, though of a somewhat lush and luxurious taste."

paragraph: Section::::List of major works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Allington Castle, Kent, 1917–33, reconstruction for Sir Martin Conway

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antony House, Cornwall, 1945–47, alterations for Sir John Carew Pole

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bron-y-de, Churt, Surrey, 1922–28, house for David Lloyd George, destroyed by fire in 1968

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chartwell, Kent, 1923–24, alterations for Winston Churchill

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cherkley Court, Leatherhead, Surrey, 1926, alterations for Lord Beaverbrook

paragraph: BULLET::::- Garsington Manor, Oxfordshire, 1925–26, terrace and loggia for Lady Ottoline Morrell

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luscombe Castle, Devon, alterations for Sir Peter Hoare

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luton Hoo, Hertfordshire, 1947, repairs after wartime use

paragraph: BULLET::::- Port Lympne Mansion, Kent, 1918–23, alterations for Sir Philip Sassoon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prussia Cove, Cornwall, 1911–14, house for T.T. and Brian Behrens

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saltwood Castle, Kent, 1930s, reconstruction for Sir Martin Conway

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shrigley Hall, Cheshire, 1935–38, chapel for the Salesian Brothers

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tilden, Philip (1954) "True Remembrances: the memoirs of an architect".

description: English architect

wikidata_label: Philip Tilden

wikipedia_title: Philip Tilden


text:
2012 Summer Olympics
Women's cross-country
Hadleigh Farm
Cape Epic
Barti Bucher
Sally Bigham
Annika Langvad

categories: Olympic cyclists of Switzerland,Living people,UCI Mountain Bike World Champions (women),Swiss mountain bikers,Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Place of birth missing (living people),Swiss female cyclists,1974 births

paragraph: Esther Süss

paragraph: Esther Süss (born 19 March 1974) is a Swiss cross-country mountain biker. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's cross-country at Hadleigh Farm, finishing in 5th place.

paragraph: Süss raced the Absa Cape Epic in 2011 alongside Barti Bucher placing 1st in the Mixed Category. She came 1st again in 2012 in the Women's Category, this time with team mate Sally Bigham. Süss raced again with Bigham in 2014 and finished second, behind new champions Ariane Kleinhans and world champion Annika Langvad.

paragraph: In March, 2017, Süss, riding with Sweden’s Jennie Stenerhag, picked up her second Absa Cape Epic women’s title.

description: Swiss cyclist

wikidata_label: Esther Süss

wikipedia_title: Esther Süss


text:
Kraków
2012 Summer Olympics
Women's cross-country
Hadleigh Farm

categories: Olympic cyclists of Poland,Cyclists at the 2015 European Games,Living people,European Games competitors for Poland,Cross-country mountain bikers,Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Olympics,1990 births,Sportspeople from Kraków,Polish female cyclists

paragraph: Paula Gorycka

paragraph: Paula Gorycka (born 5 November 1990 in Kraków) is a Polish cross-country mountain biker. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's cross-country at Hadleigh Farm, finishing in 22nd place. She was on the start list of 2018 Cross-Country European Championships and finished 21.

description: Polish cyclist

wikidata_label: Paula Gorycka

wikipedia_title: Paula Gorycka


text:
New York City
Billy Taylor
Kenny Barron
Stephane Grappelli
Frank Wess
Red Rodney
Laurindo Almeida
Art Farmer
Maxine Sullivan
Roy Haynes
Luciano Pavarotti
Joe Beck
Monterey Jazz Festival
Carnegie Hall
Red Baron
Concord Jazz
Capri
Official Site

categories: Red Baron Records artists,Jazz flautists,1952 births

paragraph: Ali Ryerson

paragraph: Ali Ryerson (born 21 October 1952 in New York City) is a flutist with a background in both classical and jazz, as well as being an instructor. She has performed and toured worldwide with a wide range of artists including Billy Taylor, Kenny Barron, Stephane Grappelli, Frank Wess, Red Rodney, Laurindo Almeida, Art Farmer, Maxine Sullivan, Roy Haynes, and (as principal flutist with the Monterey Bay Symphony) with Luciano Pavarotti. She has also released numerous albums under her own name, as well as duo recordings with noted guitarist Joe Beck.

paragraph: Ryerson has toured the U.S., Canada, Europe, Japan and Africa, and has performed in many major jazz festivals, including the Monterey Jazz Festival, the JVC Jazz Festival in New York, Guinness Festival in Scotland, Edinburgh Festival in Scotland, and Carnegie Hall.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991: "Blue Flute" (Red Baron)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: "I'll Be Back" (Red Baron)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994: "Portraits in Silver" (Concord Jazz)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: "In Her Own Sweet Way" (Concord Jazz)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Brasil: Quiet Devotion" (Concord Jazz)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Broadway – West Side Story" (Stanza)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Music from West Side Story" (Stanza)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Soul Quest" (Pa-Ct)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Jammin' at the Jazz Corner" (Sweet Jazz)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Con Brio" (ACR)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Game Changer" (Capri)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- [ Allmusic]

description: musician

wikidata_label: Ali Ryerson

wikipedia_title: Ali Ryerson


text:
Russia
Bolshevik
revolution
Volga German Soviet government
Communist International
Stalinist
purges

categories: Executive Committee of the Communist International,1876 births,Old Bolsheviks,1930s deaths,Communist Party of the Soviet Union members,Volga German people,Great Purge victims from Russia

paragraph: Gustav Klinger

paragraph: Gustav Klinger (1876 – 1937 ? or 1943) was a Russian Bolshevik politician. Klinger joined the Party in 1917 in time for the revolution and was leader of the Volga German Soviet government 1918. He became business manager for the newly founded Communist International in 1919, and was elected to the Comintern Executive Committee in 1920. Klinger held various governmental posts in the Soviet Union during the 1920s. He was eventually killed during the Stalinist purges, probably in 1937.

description: Russian politician

wikidata_label: Gustav Klinger

wikipedia_title: Gustav Klinger


text: German

text: nonconformist

text: theologian

text: millenarian

text: mathematician

text: astronomer

text: Vaihingen

text: Württemberg

text: Germany

text: Nürtingen

text: theology

text: University of Tübingen

text: astrologer

text: Equidistant Conic Projection

text: Lutheran

text: Bietigheim (Baden)

text: Jakob Böhme

text: Nicolaus Copernicus

text: Rotterdam

text: Johannes Kelpius

text: Wissahickon Creek

text: Pennsylvania

text: Isaac Newton

text: Great Comet of 1680

text: Rotterdam

text: Josh Groban

text: Johannes Kelpius

text: German mysticism

text: Astrology and numerology

text: Rosicrucianism

text: Hevelianischen

text: Gerhard Dünnhaupt

categories: 1644 births,German mathematicians,German non-fiction writers,German Lutheran clergy,German astronomers,17th-century Christian mystics,German male non-fiction writers,1693 deaths,17th-century apocalypticists,People from Ludwigsburg (district)

paragraph: Johann Jacob Zimmermann

paragraph: Johann Jacob Zimmermann (November 25, 1642 – 1693) was a German nonconformist theologian, millenarian, mathematician, and astronomer.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Zimmermann was born in Vaihingen, Württemberg (now Germany) on November 25, 1642. He lived in Nürtingen, and studied theology at the University of Tübingen, where he was awarded the title "Magister" in 1664. An astronomer and astrologer, Zimmermann produced one of the first Equidistant Conic Projection star charts of the northern hemisphere in 1692. While at University, he also was a singing instructor.

paragraph: He took his first post as a Lutheran minister at Bietigheim (Baden) in 1671. In the early 1680s, he wrote treatises on two comets that caused widespread fears among the population; he charted their course astronomically and interpreted their meanings astrologically. Subsequently, he combined his astrological insights with the expectation of a millenarian realm of Christ on earth. Published under the pseudonym Ambrosius Sehmann von Caminiez (an anagram of his real name), his "Muthmassliche Zeit-Bestimmung" set out Zimmermann's belief that the dramatic upheavals ushering in Christ's kingdom on earth would occur in or around 1693. As his superiors in the Lutheran church viewed millenarianism as a dangerous heresy, Zimmermann was removed from his ministry in 1685. Another charge raised against him was that he adhered to the theosopher Jakob Böhme, whose complete works had been published in 1682.

paragraph: Since Zimmermann did not renounce his millenarian views, he and his family were exiled from Wurttemberg in February 1686. After spending time in Nuremberg, Frankfurt on Main, Amsterdam, and Heidelberg, the Zimmermanns settled in Hamburg, where Johann Jacob made a living as a writer and teacher. In this setting, he wrote his "Scriptura Sacra Copernizans", which defended the astrological theories of Nicolaus Copernicus. As a testimony to his importance as a scientific writer, the work was reprinted in Hamburg in 1706 and 1736. While in Hamburg, Zimmermann also gradually attracted like-minded religious dissenters who were dissatisfied with the intolerance of the religious establishment. In 1693 a group of around 40 people left Hamburg to emigrate to the New World.

paragraph: Zimmermann died as the group of eleven families were preparing to travel from Rotterdam. His disciple Johannes Kelpius was elected to take Zimmermann's title of "magister", leading "the Hamburg Group" (including Zimmermann's widow) to an area near Wissahickon Creek, Pennsylvania. Here they established a religious community which, while still famed in local legend, dissolved shortly after Kelpius' death in the early eighteenth century.

paragraph: Zimmermann is mentioned (as "Mr. Zimmerman") in Book 3 of Isaac Newton's "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" in 1687 (on p. 505) as having observed the Great Comet of 1680.

paragraph: Johann Jacob Zimmermann believed a person's close relationship with God was more important than having a close relationship with the church, believing most, if not all, of the churches in Europe were corrupt. He believed the wonders in the sky were signs of the end times, and felt a change would occur in 1693. Instead, Zimmermann died in 1693 at the age of 50. An old German letter stated that Zimmermann died en route to America and was buried in Rotterdam. It also stated that the writer of the letter had begged Zimmermann not to go.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Josh Groban, singer, is the 8 times great grandson of Johan Zimmerman.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johannes Kelpius

paragraph: BULLET::::- German mysticism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Astrology and numerology

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rosicrucianism

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Auf alle und jede Hypotheses applicable Fundamental-Aufgaben von den Sonn- und Mond-Finsternisssen." Hamburg 1691

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coniglobium...Eine vortheilhafftige und nach dem...Hevelianischen Gestirn-Register eingerichtete...Himmelskugel." Hamburg 1704

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Muthmassliche Zeit-Bestimmung...Göttlicher Gerichten über das Europeische Babel". o.O. 1684

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scriptura S. Copernizans...Astronomischer Beweissthum des Copernicanischen Welt-Gebäudes". Hamburg 1690

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collection: Aktuelles Verzeichnis der Werke Zimmermanns im VD17

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- German Wikipedia: "Johann Jacob Zimmermann"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encyclopedia Universalis: http://www.universalis.fr/corpus-universalis/1//T232294/universalis/article.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- "German-American Yesteryears: Johannes Kelpius, The Maddest of Good Men" By Robert A. Selig, June/July 1999 : https://web.archive.org/web/20061020235550/http://www.germanlife.com/Archives/1999/9906_01.html

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Horologium Achez" by Julius Sachse, in Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. XXXIV, January, 1895.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gerhard Dünnhaupt: "Johann Jacob Zimmermann (1644-1693)", in: "Personalbibliographien zu den Drucken des Barock", Bd. 6. Stuttgart: Hiersemann 1993, S. 4344-55.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mike A. Zuber, 'Copernican Cosmotheism: Johann Jacob Zimmermann and the Mystical Light', "Aries" 14.2 (2014)

description: German theologian

wikidata_label: Johann Jacob Zimmermann

wikipedia_title: Johann Jacob Zimmermann


text: Union Army

text: American Civil War

text: Confederate

text: Siege of Port Hudson

text: Louisiana

text: African Americans

text: mixed-race

text: New Orleans

text: manumission

text: police jury

text: free people of color

text: plaçage

text: free Creole of color

text: mulatto

text: planter

text: partus sequitur ventrem

text: free people of color

text: Institute Catholique

text: American Civil War

text: American Civil War

text: Confederate States Army

text: lieutenant

text: Native Guard

text: regiment

text: David Farragut

text: American Civil War

text: Union Army

text: Benjamin F. Butler

text: 1st Louisiana Native Guard

text: free men of color

text: Spencer Stafford

text: Nathaniel P. Banks

text: Vicksburg, Mississippi

text: P. B. S. Pinchback

text: Port Hudson, Louisiana

text: Mississippi River

text: Baton Rouge

text: Vicksburg, Mississippi

text: Ulysses Grant

text: siege to Vicksburg

text: siege of Port Hudson

text: American Civil War

text: sharpshooting

text: Minié ball

text: Rodolphe Desdunes

text: Spartacus

text: Franklin Gardner

text: Port Hudson National Cemetery

text: National Historic Landmark

text: American Civil War

text: Claude Paschal Maistre

text: Saint Louis Cemetery

text: "The Siege of Port Hudson"

categories: Confederate States Army officers,1825 births,People of Louisiana in the American Civil War,American slaves,Union Army officers,African Americans in the Civil War,1863 deaths,People from New Orleans

paragraph: Andre Cailloux

paragraph: Andre Cailloux (1825 – May 27, 1863) was one of the first black officers in the Union Army to be killed in combat during the American Civil War. He died heroically during the unsuccessful first attack on the Confederate fortifications during the Siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana. Accounts of his heroism were widely reported in the press, and became a rallying cry for the recruitment of African Americans into the Union Army.

paragraph: His reputation as a patriot and martyr long outlived him. In an 1890 collection of interviews, Civil War veteran Colonel Douglass Wilson said, "If ever patriotic heroism deserved to be honored in stately marble or in brass that of Captain Caillioux deserves to be, and the American people will have never redeemed their gratitude to genuine patriotism until that debt is paid."

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born a mixed-race slave in Louisiana in 1825, Cailloux lived his entire life in and around New Orleans. As a young man, Cailloux had been apprenticed in the cigar-making trade. He was owned by members of the Duvernay family until 1846. His petition at age 21 for manumission was supported by his master and was granted by an all-white police jury in the city of New Orleans.

paragraph: There was an established community of free people of color in New Orleans, who were descended from both European and African Creoles (born in North America). This group became established during the French colonial years and enjoyed some rights as a third class between the white colonists and the majority of enslaved Africans. In New Orleans culture under the plaçage system, white men took women of color as common-law wives. Sometimes they acknowledged their mixed-race children and paid for their education, especially of sons, or arranged apprenticeships for adult skills. Sometimes they settled property on them.

paragraph: In 1847, Cailloux married Félicie Coulon, a free Creole of color. Although born into slavery, she had been freed by her mother paying her purchase price to her master. Cailloux and Coulon had four children born free, three of whom survived to adulthood.

paragraph: Félicie's mother Feliciana had been an enslaved mulatto woman. for several years, after she had already borne Félicie, she was held by and served as the common-law wife of her master Valentin Encalada, a white planter. Félicie was Encalada's "property" as the child of her mother. (This was according to the principle of "partus sequitur ventrem" in slave law.) Feliciana bought her daughter's freedom from Encalada in 1842.

paragraph: Section::::Life in freedom.

paragraph: Upon gaining his freedom, Cailloux earned his living as a cigar maker. Prior to the beginning of the Civil War, he established his own cigar-making business. Though his financial circumstances were modest, Cailloux became recognized as a leader within the community of free people of color in New Orleans.

paragraph: An avid sportsman, Cailloux was admired as one of the best boxers in the city. He was also an active supporter of the Institute Catholique, a school for orphaned black children. It also taught the children of free people of color. After his manumission, Cailloux learned to read, probably with the assistance of the teachers at the Institute Catholique. He became fluent in both English and French.

paragraph: By 1860, Cailloux was a well-respected member of the 10,000 "free men of color" community in New Orleans. At the time, New Orleans was the largest city in the South, and the sixth-largest city in the United States, with a population of about 100,000.

paragraph: Section::::American Civil War.

paragraph: Section::::American Civil War.:Confederate States Army.

paragraph: At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, Cailloux was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Native Guard, a Confederate regiment organized to defend the city of New Orleans. Free men of color had participated in the local militia since the time of French colonial rule. He was one of the first black officers of any North American unit.

paragraph: The Native Guard was made up entirely of free men of color who resided in and around New Orleans. Though the regiment was organized primarily as a public relations move by the Confederate government of the state of Louisiana, which provided no allowances for uniforms or equipment, Cailloux took his responsibilities seriously. His unit was observed to be well drilled and well trained.

paragraph: The Confederate Native Guard were never called to active duty. Needing more soldiers, the Confederate Congress passed a law to establish conscription and reassigned its white officers to newly formed white units, disbanding the Guard in February 1862. Two months later, Union Admiral David Farragut captured the city of New Orleans in April 1862.

paragraph: Section::::American Civil War.:Union Army.

paragraph: Union General Benjamin F. Butler, military commander of the Department of the Gulf, made his headquarters in New Orleans. In September 1862 he ordered the organizing of an all-black Union Army 1st Louisiana Native Guard regiment. Unlike the Confederate unit, this regiment had a minority of free men of color; the great majority were African Americans who had escaped from slavery and joined Union forces.

paragraph: Andre Cailloux joined this regiment and was commissioned as captain of Company E. His company was considered one of the best drilled in the Native Guard. Cailloux gradually earned the respect of Colonel Spencer Stafford, the white officer who commanded the regiment. When General Nathaniel P. Banks replaced Butler as Commander of the Department of the Gulf in December 1862, he brought with him an additional 30,000 troops, bringing the total troop strength under his command to 42,000. They were being fortified for the regional assault against Vicksburg, Mississippi.

paragraph: By this time, the all-black Native Guard had grown to three regiments, as slaves continued to escape to Union lines to join the cause of fighting their former masters. Although the line officers (lieutenants and captains) were black, including future Governor P. B. S. Pinchback, a Company Commander of the 2nd Regiment, the commanding officers (colonels, lieutenant colonels, and majors) were white. Banks set out to replace all black officers with white ones, and generally accomplished this with the 2nd and 3rd Regiments, but not with the 1st Regiment, in which Andre Cailloux served.

paragraph: The 1st Regiment of the Native Guard was assigned primarily to fatigue duty (chopping wood, digging trenches) until May 1863, when Banks moved most of his army (35,000 men) into a position to surround the Confederate fortifications at Port Hudson, Louisiana. Port Hudson was a strategically located fort on a bend in the Mississippi River just north of Baton Rouge. At the time, the Confederacy still controlled the 200-mile stretch of the Mississippi River between Vicksburg, Mississippi, in the north and Port Hudson in the south. The Union wanted to gain control of Vicksburg, which had a strategic position on a bluff, in order to control the Mississippi.

paragraph: While General Ulysses Grant laid siege to Vicksburg, Banks conducted the siege of Port Hudson.

paragraph: Section::::American Civil War.:Siege of Port Hudson.

paragraph: On May 27, 1863, Banks launched a poorly coordinated attack on the well-defended, well-fortified Confederate positions at Port Hudson. As part of the attack the first day, Cailloux was ordered to lead his company of 100 men in an almost suicidal assault against sharpshooting Confederate troops. Despite his company suffering heavy casualties, Cailloux, shouting encouragement to his men in French and English, led several charges. On his last charge, a Minié ball tore through his arm, leaving it hanging useless at his side. Severely wounded, Cailloux continued to lead the charge until a Confederate artillery shell killed him.

paragraph: His actions were described by Rodolphe Desdunes, whose brother, Aristide, served under Cailloux:

paragraph: The eyes of the world were indeed on this American Spartacus [Cailloux]. The hero of ancient Rome displayed no braver heroism than did this officer who ran forward to his death with a smile on his lips and crying, "Let us go forward, O comrades!" Six times he threw himself against the murderous batteries of Port Hudson, and in each assault he repeated his urgent call, "Let us go forward, for one more time!" Finally, falling under the mortal blow, he gave his last order to his attending officer, "Bacchus, take charge!" If anyone should say the knightly Bayard did better or more, according to history, he lies.

paragraph: Banks asked for a truce the next day, which was granted by the Confederate commander Franklin Gardner, so that Union troops could recover their dead from the field of battle. But rebel sharpshooters kept the Union soldiers from collecting black casualties. Cailloux's decomposing body lay on the ground for 47 days until Port Hudson finally surrendered to Banks on July 9, 1863.

paragraph: Most of the Union dead were buried in the area. This was later established as Port Hudson National Cemetery. In 1974 the cemetery was designated as a National Historic Landmark.

paragraph: Section::::American Civil War.:Funeral.

paragraph: Cailloux's remains were recovered and returned to New Orleans. The story of the captain's heroism had preceded this. When his funeral was held in the city on July 29, 1863, Cailloux was honored by a long procession and thousands of attendees. His widow Felicie had asked Father Claude Paschal Maistre to officiate. Born in France, he was the only Catholic priest in the diocese to support the abolition of slavery. Cailloux was buried in Saint Louis Cemetery. His heroism achieved mythic proportions during the Civil War and was frequently recounted. He was often referred to as example by recruiters of black soldiers and proponents for using them in battle.

paragraph: After Cailloux's death, his widow, Félicie, struggled to receive the financial benefits promised to veterans by the United States Government. After several years of effort, she received a small pension, but she died in poverty in 1874. She was working at the time as a domestic servant for the Catholic priest who had preached the eulogy at her husband's funeral.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holden, Randall G., "Futile Valor", Baton Rouge, Louisiana: MCG Publishing, 1998.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ochs, Stephen J., "A Black Patriot and a White Priest: André Cailloux and Claude Paschal Maistre in Civil War New Orleans," Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Siege of Port Hudson", Hardy Family Genealogical Site

description: Union United States Army officer

wikidata_label: Andre Cailloux

wikipedia_title: Andre Cailloux


text: Nishio

text: Mikawa Province

text: Sakai Tadatoshi

text: Tokugawa Ieyasu

text: Kawagoe Domain

text: koku

text: Shimōsa Province

text: Tokugawa Hidetada

text: Battle of Sekigahara

text: Sanada clan

text: Siege of Ueda

text: courtesy title

text: Shōgun

text: Tokugawa Iemitsu

text: kokudaka

text: Musashi Province

text: Fukaya Domain

text: Kazusa

text: Doi Toshikatsu

text: rōjū

text: Kawagoe Domain

text: Obama Domain

text: Wakasa Province

text: Echizen

text: Ōmi

text: Awa

text: tairō

text: Honshu

text: national isolation policy

text: Matsudaira Nobutsuna

text: Inoue Masashige

text: Edo

text: Nihon Ōdai Ichiran

text: Isaac Titsingh

text: Julius Klaproth

text: Lion dance

text: Japanese flutes

text: Sansom, George Bailey

text: OCLC 36820228

text: Papinot, Edmond

text: University of Hawaii Press

text: Obama Domain on "Edo 300 HTML"

text: – interior view

text: – crisp quality images

text: – municipal web site, Kawagoe City

categories: 1587 births,Sakai clan,Fudai daimyo,Rōjū,1662 deaths,Tairō

paragraph: Sakai Tadakatsu

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Tadakatsu was born in Nishio, Mikawa Province as the son of Sakai Tadatoshi, a hereditary retainer of Tokugawa Ieyasu and future "daimyō" of Kawagoe Domain. In 1591, he was awarded a 3000 "koku" fief in Shimōsa Province. In 1600, he was assigned to the train of Tokugawa Hidetada in the Battle of Sekigahara and participated in Hidetada's failed attempt to defeat the Sanada clan at the Siege of Ueda. He was awarded the court rank of Lower 5th, Junior Grade and the courtesy title of "Sanuki-no-kami" in 1607 . In 1620, Shōgun Tokugawa Hidetada assigned Tadatoshi to the court of his son, Tokugawa Iemitsu and gained him additional estates with a "kokudaka" of 7,000 "koku" in Fukaya, Musashi Province in 1622. This enabled him to resurrect Fukaya Domain and to style himself as a "daimyō".

paragraph: In 1624, when Iemitsu became Shōgun, Tadakatsu was awarded with an additional 20,000 "koku" in holdings scattered throughout the provinces of Kazusa, Shimōsa and Musashi. The same year, together with Doi Toshikatsu, he was promoted to the office of "rōjū".

paragraph: On the death of his father, Sakai Tadatoshi in 1627, Tadakatsu inherited the Kawagoe Domain. He added an additional 20,000 "koku" to the domain's holdings in Musashi Province in 1632 and his court rank was increased to Lower 4th, Junior Grade, with the additional courtesy title of "Jijū" added to his honorifics. In 1634, he was transferred to Obama Domain, whose holdings covered all of Wakasa Province, with additional holdings in Echizen, Ōmi and Awa. This brought his total "kokudaka" to 123,500 "koku".

paragraph: In 1638 (together with Doi Toshikatsu), he retired from the post of "rōjū", with permission to return for important issues. This dispensation later evolved into the official title of "tairō".

paragraph: In 1643, he was promoted to Upper 4th, Junior Grade court rank and added the courtesy title of "Sakonoe-gon-shōshō".

paragraph: Also in 1643, he was involved in the "Nanbu Incident", when ten sailors (including the captain) of the Dutch Ship "Breskens" were taken into custody by local Japanese officials. after the "Breskens" had sailed unannounced into the Bay of Yamada in Northern Honshu. The Dutch ship had visited the bay once before seeking to resupply after a heavy storm, and quickly left after trading with the locals for two days. However, when the "Breskens" returned in July the ship and its crew were seized by local authorities for its violation of Japan's national isolation policy. This sparked an international incident, and at the time the "rōjū" serving the shogunate were Sakai Tadakatsu, Matsudaira Nobutsuna, and Inoue Masashige. The Shogunal government went to great lengths to use the Nambu incident to pressure the Dutch into sending an embassy to Edo, by which it attempted to use the incident as means of securing domestic legitimacy. What was for the Dutch merely a cynical gesture aimed at preserving their trade relations with Japan was for the shogunate an opportunity to parade twenty-two Dutchmen in red and white striped uniforms through the streets of Edo, impressing upon a domestic audience the fiction that the shogunate's authority was recognized throughout the world.

paragraph: In 1652, Tadatoshi sponsored the publication of the "Nihon Ōdai Ichiran" in Kyoto. This book was brought from Japan to Europe by Isaac Titsingh in 1796, who translated the text from Japanese and Chinese; and his work was then supplemented for posthumous publication by Julius Klaproth in 1834. In supporting this work, Tadakatsu's motivations appear to spread across a range anticipated consequences; and it becomes likely that his several intentions in seeing that this specific work fell into the hands of an empathetic Western translator were similarly multi-faceted.

paragraph: In 1656, Sakai Tadatoshi retired from public life. He died in 1662 and his grave is at the clan temple of Kuin-ji in Obama.

paragraph: The Lion dance ("Shishi-mai") is a popular folk dance imported to Obama from Kawagoe by Sakai Tadakatsu. Three lions move to the accompaniment of music played on Japanese flutes. The traditional dance continues to be performed regularly during the "Hoze Matsuri" and the "Osiro Matsuri."

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sansom, George Bailey. (1963). "A History of Japan: 1615–1867". Stanford: Stanford University Press. OCLC 36820228

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Papinot, Edmond. (1948). "Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan". New York: Overbeck Co.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hesselink, Reiner H. (2002). "Prisoners from Nambu: Reality and Make-Believe in Seventeenth-Century Japanese Diplomacy". Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obama Domain on "Edo 300 HTML" (3 November 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nikko pagoda – Sakai Tadakatsu contributed to the original construction; and after it was burned in 1815, his descendants supported reconstruction in 1818

paragraph: BULLET::::- Toshogu pagoda in Nikko – interior view--exterior view, Nagasaki University Library Collection

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tourist photos uploaded to internet – crisp quality images

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wakasa-Obama castle – details of the construction instructions given by Sakai Tadakatsu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kawagoe han in Musashi province – original Sakai clan domain until Sakai Tadakatsu was moved to Obama han by Tokugawa decree

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miyoshino Shrine – municipal web site, Kawagoe City

description: daimyo of the early Edo period, Tairō of the Tokugawa shogunate; 1st lord of Obama

wikidata_label: Sakai Tadakatsu

wikipedia_title: Sakai Tadakatsu


text:
Oisemont
Abbeville
National Convention
First Empire

wikipedia_title:
Oisemont
Abbeville
National Convention
First French Empire

categories: 1838 deaths,Regicides of Louis XVI,1764 births,Presidents of the National Convention

paragraph: André Dumont (politician)

paragraph: André Dumont (24 May 1764 at Oisemont – 19 October 1838 at Abbeville), was a French parliamentarian, a regicide, a deputy of the National Convention, President of the National convention, and an administrator of the First Empire.

description: French politician

wikidata_label: André Dumont

wikipedia_title: André Dumont (politician)


text: Minneapolis

text: Stuart Hyatt

text: The Clouds

text: kidney transplant

text: Rifle Sport Gallery

text: electronic music

text: rave culture

text: Andy Warhol

text: Exploding Plastic Inevitable

text: First Avenue

text: Walker Art Center

text: Weisman Art Museum

text: Music For Listening

text: The Nature of Time

text: Deborah Jinza Thayer

text: Alfred Hitchcock

text: The Bat Whispers

text: Information Society

text: Paul Robb

text: Tom Hazelmyer

text: Halo of Flies

text: George Cartwright

text: Curlew

text: Twin/Tone Records

text: Innova Recordings

text: Revolutionary Snake Ensemble

text: Beat Circus

text: Matthew Burtner

text: George Cartwright

text: Victoria Jordanova

text: Phillip Johnston

text: The Clouds

text: The Replacements

text: Stan Ridgway

text: Skip Heller

text: Ousia

text: Savage Aural Hotbed

text: Twin/Tone

text: New West Records

text: 2008 Republican National Convention

text: St. Paul

text: Holiday in Dirt

text: New Wave

text: Walker Art Center

text: IgA nephropathy

text: University of Minnesota Medical Center

text: The Ricki Lake Show

text: National Kidney Foundation

text: City Pages

categories: Musicians from Minneapolis,Musicians from Minnesota,1968 births,Artists from Minnesota,Living people,Film directors from Minnesota

paragraph: Chris Strouth

paragraph: Chris Strouth is an American, Minneapolis-based musician, producer, writer and filmmaker who has been active since 1986, most notably as the founder and organizer of 1990s/2000s electronica collective Future Perfect Sound System, and most recently as the bandleader and composer for experimental/electronic band Paris 1919. His behind-the-scenes production work includes Indianapolis multimedia artist Stuart Hyatt's Grammy-nominated album "The Clouds". Strouth also gained national attention in 2009 when he received a life-saving kidney transplant from a donor who connected with him on Twitter, which is believed to be the first such transplant arranged entirely through social networking.

paragraph: Section::::Music.

paragraph: Strouth has been heavily involved in the Twin Cities arts and music community since 1986. His early work included curating multimedia events incorporating art and electronic music at spaces including Rifle Sport Gallery, Hair Police and Red Eye Collaboration.

paragraph: As a performer, Strouth has played in a range of styles including techno, jazz, and punk. He has also worked frequently as an organizer of entire scenes of bands, typified by the electronica collective Future Perfect Sound System, which he founded in 1995.

paragraph: Section::::Music.:As composer/performer.:Future Perfect Sound System.

paragraph: The collective was an important early exponent of electronic music and rave culture in the Midwest, receiving favorable comparisons to Andy Warhol's Exploding Plastic Inevitable multimedia events. Future Perfect performed frequently at First Avenue nightclub, the Walker Art Center, Weisman Art Museum, and other galleries, with showcases that sometimes drew more than 30 performers, and released two albums, 1997's "Music For Listening" and 2001's "The Nature of Time".

paragraph: Section::::Music.:As composer/performer.:Paris 1919.

paragraph: Strouth founded another musical collective, Paris 1919, shortly before his diagnosis with kidney disease in 2009. Strouth's compositions for the band often deal with his illness and recovery. For instance, the short piece "Blood Mountain," is about Strouth's experience on dialysis, and bases its core rhythms on those of dialysis machines. Paris 1919 began as a solo, studio-bound experiment in sonic collages; Strouth has described the music as sounding "weird and chaotic and structureless and purposely off-beat" but notes that it is also created from a painstaking process which may involve more than 1,000 edits. It grew into a semi-improvisational live band with a rotating membership, which has performed a series of multimedia shows combining music, theater and dance in immersive environments, often working with choreographer Deborah Jinza Thayer. 2014's "Antarctica" used the theme of an ice cave to explore Strouth's journey through his kidney ailment and recovery. The same year’s "Safe As Houses" placed both performers and audience in a giant dollhouse as a metaphor for the housing crisis and Strouth’s own loss of his home the year before.

paragraph: Paris 1919 has also recorded four albums. "Book Of Job" was released in 2011 on Go Johnny Go Records; two others, "Antarctica" and "Collected Short Fictions", are still unreleased. In 2018, Strouth released "Risking Light", a soundtrack album to director Dawn Mikkelson's documentary about forgiveness. Although credited to Paris 1919, the album was written and performed by Strouth as a solo work.

paragraph: Strouth has also frequently led Paris 1919 in creating live soundtracks to silent films, including Alfred Hitchcock's "", and the 1930 mystery "The Bat Whispers" at the 2014 Minneapolis Comic-Con.

paragraph: Section::::Music.:As composer/performer.:Other projects.

paragraph: In 2011, Strouth was a conductor for the four-act opera "Czeslaw’s Loop", performed live on a floating barge on the Mississippi River, which included performers as diverse as classical soprano Maria Jette, techno-pop group Information Society's Paul Robb, and Tom Hazelmyer of the punk band Halo of Flies.

paragraph: Other projects include The Snaildartha 6's 2004 jazz and spoken-word holiday album "", which Strouth composed and produced with saxophonist George Cartwright of the jazz group Curlew and co-writer Matt Fugate. Strouth's early band King Paisley and the Pscho-del-ics performed at Rifle Sport and released a nine-song album in 1986, "Death Rockin’", which was re-released in 2011 on Go Johnny Go.

paragraph: Section::::Music.:As producer.

paragraph: Besides composing and performing music, Strouth founded his own label, UltraModern Records, in 1995, and was the director of artists and product at two other influential Minneapolis labels, Twin/Tone Records (1995–2001) and Innova Recordings (2001–2004). At Innova, Strouth worked on albums by dozens of artists including Revolutionary Snake Ensemble, Beat Circus, Matthew Burtner, George Cartwright, Victoria Jordanova, Phillip Johnston, and Hyatt's Grammy-nominated album "The Clouds". Twin/Tone, already nationally prominent thanks to a roster including alternative-rock pioneers The Replacements, grew to develop an umbrella relationship with a dozen smaller indie labels, including UltraModern.

paragraph: UltraModern focused on neo-psychedelic, indie-pop, and noise/electronic rock, releasing albums by musicians including ex-Wall Of Voodoo leader Stan Ridgway, jazz guitarist Skip Heller, Future Perfect Sound System, Ousia, and Savage Aural Hotbed. UltraModern received wider distribution through partnerships with Twin/Tone, Atomic Theory Records, and New West Records. The label's catalog includes:

paragraph: Section::::Film and television.

paragraph: Strouth's documentary "", filmed in 2008 and released in 2009, covered the contentious 2008 Republican National Convention in St. Paul, Minnesota. The film edits together a wide variety of film and video shot by dozens of independent journalists and citizen videographers with divergent political viewpoints, compiling a mosaic of perspectives on the four days of the convention. "Unconvention" was one of eight full-length features chosen to debut as part of the "Minnesota Made" series at the 2009 Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Film Festival.

paragraph: Strouth and Minneapolis filmmaker Rick Fuller also co-produced a DVD companion to Stan Ridgway's "Holiday in Dirt" album featuring 14 short films based on Ridgway's songs, which was released in 2005. In 2006, they co-produced the documentary "The M-80 Project", which chronicled a 1979 New Wave music festival at the Walker Art Center.

paragraph: From 1994 to 1996, Strouth produced the documentary series "What", which covered the Minneapolis pop and rock scene, for Twin Cities public television station KTCA.

paragraph: Section::::Kidney transplant.

paragraph: In 2009, Strouth learned that he would need a kidney transplant due to the effects of IgA nephropathy (which he nicknamed "Harold" as a way of coping with the disease). He found a matching donor, Scott Pakudaitis, after sharing the news with his followers on Twitter and Facebook, and underwent a successful transplant at the University of Minnesota Medical Center in December 2009. The two men never met in person until the day of the surgery. It is believed to be the first such transplant arranged entirely through social networking. The story received nationwide media attention on ABC News, Readers Digest, MTV, and "The Ricki Lake Show". Following his recovery, Strouth has been a board member of the Minnesota chapter of the National Kidney Foundation since 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Writing.

paragraph: Strouth writes and illustrates the column "Makes No Sense at All" for the Minneapolis alt-weekly "City Pages". He has also written for publications such as "The Growler" and America Online's Digital City.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paris 1919 website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paris 1919 Soundcloud page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tales of the Idiot, Strouth's blog

paragraph: BULLET::::- UltraModern Records website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Strouth's video "Social Media Saved My Life or How I got a Kidney from Twitter, and Facebook"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Strouth on "The Ricki Lake Show" (YouTube)

paragraph: BULLET::::- University of Minnesota Medical Center-produced video "Life on Dialysis: One Patient's Story," featuring Strouth

description: American musician and film director

wikidata_label: Chris Strouth

wikipedia_title: Chris Strouth


text:
impressionist
art colony
Étaples
Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Kingston SE, South Australia
The Register
Salon d'Automne
Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts
James Ashton
Adelaide
Wayville, South Australia
Rupert Bunny

categories: 1955 deaths,Australian expatriates in France,Australian painters,1877 births,Australian Impressionist painters

paragraph: Arthur Baker-Clack

paragraph: Arthur Baker–Clack was an Australian-born painter in the impressionist school. He was at the art colony at Étaples, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France from 1910, and continued to live in the region during World War I and after.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was a tutor at Conmurra Station, Kingston SE, South Australia.

paragraph: He was a journalist at "The Register" before moving to the "Perth Morning Herald" covering the Western Australian goldfields.

paragraph: He exhibited in Paris, London and Australia and was a jury member for the Salon d'Automne and of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts. He was also chairman of the Folkestone Art Society.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: He lived in Étaples with his wife, Edith, however their house was destroyed during World War I. After the war they built a residence at Etaples, 'Bendlebi'. Edith had been his nurse during a period of illness.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Mr. James Ashton's Art Academy, in Adelaide and at Way College, Wayville, South Australia (1899–1900)

paragraph: He also trained in London and Paris and with Rupert Bunny at Étaples.

description: Australian artist

wikidata_label: Arthur Baker-Clack

wikipedia_title: Arthur Baker-Clack


text:
singer-songwriter
multi-instrumentalist
music producer
MTV India
Mtv Rock On
Film and Television Institute of India
Pune
spirituality
A.R.Rahman
KM Music Conservatory
Ram Sampath
ITC Sangeet Research Academy
Agra Gharana
South Point High School
St. Xavier's College, Calcutta
T2
Sufi
The Wasteland
T.S. Eliot
Sufi
mysticism
MTV India
Kailash Kher
Ram Sampath
Linkin Park
Limp Bizkit
Euphoria
Shafqat Amanat Ali
Mika
Jugni
Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!
MTV Rock On
Bollywood
MTV Roadies
Film and Television Institute of India
A.R.Rahman
KM Music Conservatory
Baul
Zee Bangla
Debojyoti Mishra
Rabindranath Tagore
Official website

paragraph: Rahi Chakraborty

paragraph: Rahi Chakraborty () is an Indian singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and music producer.

paragraph: He shot to fame as the 1st runner up in MTV India's music show Mtv Rock On

paragraph: An alumnus of the Film and Television Institute of India of Pune his songs deal with teen angst, spirituality and political issues and he is best known for his compositions and vocal presence. In 2013, he studied and performed at A.R.Rahman's KM Music Conservatory, Chennai. Genre of compositions range from World Music, Electronica to Rock Music.

paragraph: He is currently a music programmer and arranger under ace Bollywood music composer Ram Sampath who also was his judge in the MTV show. Chakraborty joined Ram Sampath's production house in 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born on 30 April 1988 in a musical family, Rahi took lessons on guitar from Amyt Datta He learnt classical music from ITC Sangeet Research Academy from Jainul Abedin of the Agra Gharana. He did his schooling from South Point High School and graduation in English Honours from St. Xavier's College, Calcutta.

paragraph: Section::::Music.

paragraph: He got his first break in Opus, an event organized by St. Lawrence School Kolkata. He won both the best singer and poet award

paragraph: This was followed by Levi's Band e Mataram III as a judges choice finalist. A band hunt that took West Bengal band scene by storm in the music channel Sangeet Bangla.

paragraph: Scholastic Beats in association with T2 saw the appreciation of his songs in the print media for the first time.

paragraph: Section::::National breakthrough and Sufi poetry.

paragraph: Rahi had been studying Urdu poets and was quite influenced by the Sufi school of thinking.

paragraph: That resulted in an amalgamation in his lyrics which form a dichotomy of conflicting principles.

paragraph: His topics concerned the youth's aggression, typified by The Wasteland of T.S. Eliot and Sufi mysticism.

paragraph: His songs on MTV India created a stir with compositions like Soundbox and Generation Zindagi getting appreciated by the likes of Kailash Kher and Ram Sampath. His following got stronger as on the show he was chosen as the team leader and formed the band Khilaugh which was compared with the likes of Linkin Park and Limp Bizkit as it featured the use of turntables and a blend of aggressive poetry in Hindi which is quite rare in the Indian Music Scene. He won the hearts of Indian and Pakistani celebrities like Palash Sen of Euphoria, Shafqat Amanat Ali and Mika.

paragraph: Section::::Criticism.

paragraph: In spite of his success, he has not been free of criticism. He had been accused of changing the song Jugni from the Indian movie Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye! as a hard rock mixed with folk ballad in one of the episodes of MTV Rock On where they were asked to perform a Bollywood number.

paragraph: Section::::Music education and growth as an artist producer.

paragraph: 2011 saw him as a composer of background music along with Khilaugh as their work got featured on Mtv's popular show MTV Roadies

paragraph: In 2012 Rahi attended the prestigious Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) for a certification in Sound Recording.

paragraph: Continuing his quest for learning music, Rahi finally arrived at A.R.Rahman's KM Music Conservatory in Chennai where he learned about World Music and Western Classical Compositions. He got exposed to various cultures of music from around the world and also researched about his Bengali Folk Baul roots. He also performed a Baul number in front of a non Bengali speaking audience in the KM Music Conservatory, Chennai July 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Joining team Ram Sampath and Bollywood.

paragraph: In 2015, Rahi shifted to Mumbai and joined the core team of Bollywood music composer Ram Sampath who was also his judge in the MTV show. He currently works under the composer as a music programmer and arranger assisting him in his projects.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Soundtrack.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rahi Music Producer's Tribute Volume 1 (2016)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:World Music/Electronica/Folk.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rahi World Music EP Volume 1 (2014)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:For MTV Rock On and more.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rahi MTV Rock On Singles (2011)

paragraph: Section::::Other interests.

paragraph: Rahi had been making short films during his St.Xavier's days and had worked as an assistant director for Zee Bangla.When the members offered he took up the role as a director and editor in Khilaugh's music video Meri Jaan. He has also worked as a guitarist and singer with eminent Bengali music director Debojyoti Mishra in Sheemar Majhe Asim Tumi, a tribute to the bard Rabindranath Tagore.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: Indian singer

wikidata_label: Rahi Chakraborty

wikipedia_title: Rahi Chakraborty