text: Arab

text: Mahim

text: seven islands

text: Mumbai

text: Mohiuddin Ibne Arabi

text: Muslim

text: Sultan

text: Gujarat

text: Ahmed Shah

text: Muzaffarid dynasty

text: Qazi

text: exegesis

text: Qur'an

text: Shah Waliullah Dehlavi

text: Pole Star

text: Al Azhar University

text: Hindu

text: Muslim

text: Dargah

text: Urs

text: Shawwal

text: police

text: police constable

text: calligraphic

text: Raymond Esquire

text: Maharashtra

text: viaduct

text: TNN

text: Times of India

text: The Indian Express

text: Sufism

text: Mahim

text: 2006 Mumbai "Sweet" Seawater Incident

text: Konkani Muslims

text: Konkan

text: Makhdoom

text: Official Website of Dargah

categories: 1372 births,1431 deaths,Scholars from Mumbai,History of Mumbai,Indian Sufis

paragraph: Makhdoom Ali Mahimi

paragraph: Makhdoom Ali Mahimi Shafi'i (1372–1431 A.D) was a saint and scholar of international repute. He lived during the time of the Tuglaq dynasty and that of Sultan Ahmed Shah of Gujarat, and was married to the Sultan's sister. He is widely acknowledged for his scholarly treatises, liberal views and humanist ideals. Mahimi was born into a family of Arab travelers from Iraq who had settled down on the island of Mahim, one of the seven islands that later formed the city of Bombay (now Mumbai).

paragraph: Not much is known of his early childhood. He later became the disciple of Mohiuddin Ibne Arabi, a Spanish Muslim saint. Mahimi's reputation grew after the Sultan of Gujarat, Ahmed Shah of the Muzaffarid dynasty, chose him to be the town's Qazi (the Head Muslim Judge/cleric of a town).

paragraph: Mahimi was the first Indian scholar to write an exegesis on the Qur'an, which gained critical acclimation from numerous Islamic scholars including Shah Waliullah Dehlavi. Authoring more than 100 books but we only know name of 21 books from which only 10 books are available in different libraries in India, he was given the moniker "Qutub-e -Kokan" (Kokan's Pole Star). He

paragraph: was the first commentator of the Quran in India . His commentary is called "Tafsirur Rahman." It is available in Al Azhar University, Cairo and Ummul-Qura University, Makkah.

paragraph: Mahimi is revered by both the Muslims and Hindus, all Muslim sects hold him in high esteem. After his death in 1431, he was buried in Mahim. The site later became a Dargah (shrine) for devotees.

paragraph: Section::::Urs festival.

paragraph: During the annual ten-day Urs festival celebrated on the 13th day of Shawwal as per the Muslim calendar, millions of devotees visit his dargah.

paragraph: The highlight of this is a procession of around eight thousand begins at the Mahim Police Station, believed to be the site of his residence. Two police officers from each of the eighty four city police stations represent the police whose association with the saint dates back to the saint's era. A representative of the Mumbai police who is the first to offer the "chaddar" (shawl) at the tomb on the first day of the festival. Legend has it that it was a police constable who gave water to the dying saint from his cap. Another story points to some miraculous assistance police officers once received from an old man, whom they believed was the saint, in fighting smugglers.

paragraph: A room adjacent to the office of the senior inspector of police station contains a steel cupboard that houses the saint's preserved belongings such as his chair, a pair of sandals and his hand-written Qur'an which is considered to be a calligraphic work of art. The room is opened once every year to the public. In 1920 the cupboard was purchased by a senior British police inspector, Raymond Esquire as a tribute to the saint he revered.

paragraph: On 2005-05-21, the government of Maharashtra named the JJ Flyover after the saint as a tribute to the saint. The 2.1 kilometre flyover is the longest viaduct in the country.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A saint revered by both Hindus and Muslims", Mohammed Wajihuddin/TNN, pg 4, "Sunday Times of India", Bombay, dated 2005-05-22

paragraph: BULLET::::- On Urs, Mumbai police keep tryst with Sufi saint, S Ahmed Ali, The Indian Express, Sunday, 2002-12-22

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sayed Imamuddin Gulshan Aabadi, Barakat-ul-Awliya, Bombay.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ghulam Azad Bilgrami, Rausat'ul-Awliya, Aurangabad, 1892-93.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bombay Gazetteer, Volume III, Bombay, 1910.

paragraph: BULLET::::- S.M. Edwardes, Rise of Bombay, Bombay 1909.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maulana A. R. Parvaz Islahi, Makhdum Ali Mahimi, Naqsh-e-Kokan Publication Trust, Bombay,1976.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan, Abjad-ul-Uloon, Bhopal,1295 AH.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Muhammed Yusuf Khatkhatey, Kashaful Maktoon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fi-Halat-e-Haji Ali Makhdoom, Maktaba-e-Shihabi, Bombay,1903.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Towns and Islands of Bombay, Statistical account (Administration), Volume III, Bombay,1894.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prof. Abdus Sattar Dalvi, Dargahs Abodes of the Saints.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sufism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mahim

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 Mumbai "Sweet" Seawater Incident

paragraph: BULLET::::- Konkani Muslims

paragraph: BULLET::::- Konkan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Makhdoom

paragraph: Section::::See also.:External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website of Dargah

description: Indian Muslim scholar

wikidata_label: Ali ibn Ahmad Mahimi

wikipedia_title: Makhdoom Ali Mahimi


text:
Basel
Johann Froben
University of Basel
Nicolaus Episcopius
Erasmus
Georgius Agricola
De Re Metallica
Hans Holbein the Younger

categories: 1501 births,1563 deaths,People from Basel-Stadt,16th-century printers

paragraph: Hieronymus Froben

paragraph: Hieronymus Froben (1501–1563) was a famous pioneering printer in Basel and the eldest son of Johann Froben. He was educated at the University of Basel and traveled widely in Europe.

paragraph: He, his father and his brother-in-law Nicolaus Episcopius were noted for their working friendship with Erasmus and for making Basel an important center of Renaissance printing. Their editions include the first Latin edition of Georgius Agricola's "De Re Metallica" in 1556, and some of them incorporate artwork by Hans Holbein the Younger. Through his own sons, Ambrosius and Aurelius, the family continued their printing concern through the end of the next century.

description: 16th-century printer

wikidata_label: Hieronymus Froben

wikipedia_title: Hieronymus Froben


text:
Maurya dynasty
Samprati
Yuga Purana
Gargi Samhita
Jainism
Puranas
Devavarman

categories: 210s BC deaths,Mauryan emperors,3rd-century BC Indian monarchs,3rd-century BC births

paragraph: Shalishuka

paragraph: Shalishuka () Maurya was a ruler of the Indian Maurya dynasty. He ruled from 215–202 BCE. He was the successor of Samprati Maurya. While the Yuga Purana section of the Gargi Samhita mentions him as a quarrelsome, unrighteous ruler, he is also noted as being of "righteous words" but "unrighteous conduct" due to his patronage of Jainism.

paragraph: According to the Puranas he was succeeded by Devavarman.

wikidata_label: Salisuka

wikipedia_title: Shalishuka


text: Liberal

text: Swansea

text: Swansea

text: Lewis Weston Dillwyn

text: Mary Dillwyn

text: William Wilberforce

text: Cambrian Pottery

text: Bath

text: Glamorgan

text: Henry De la Beche

text: Amy Dillwyn

text: Hendrefoilan

text: Quaker

text: Landore

text: William Siemens

text: Great Western Railway

text: Rebecca riots

text: Carmarthenshire

text: Swansea District

text: Henry Richard

text: Liberation Society

text: 1865 General Election

text: Cardiganshire

text: Evan Matthew Richards

text: Stuart Rendel

text: Irish Home Rule

text: Redistribution of Seats Act 1885

text: Swansea Town

text: Aborigines' Protection Society

text: Linnean Society

text: Geological Society

text: Labuan

text: Borneo

text: James Motley

text: Philippine megapode

text: John Dillwyn Llewelyn

text: Gower

text: Sketty

text: Amy Dillwyn

text: Sir John T. D. Llewelyn

text: History of Swansea

text: Welsh Liberal Party

text: Disestablishmentarianism

text: Irish Home Rule movement

categories: Fellows of the Linnean Society of London,Directors of the Great Western Railway,UK MPs 1880–1885,UK MPs 1859–1865,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Swansea constituencies,UK MPs 1885–1886,UK MPs 1865–1868,1814 births,UK MPs 1874–1880,1892 deaths,UK MPs 1868–1874,UK MPs 1886–1892,UK MPs 1852–1857,UK MPs 1857–1859,Liberal Party (UK) MPs for Welsh constituencies,People from Swansea

paragraph: Lewis Llewelyn Dillwyn

paragraph: Lewis Llewelyn Dillwyn (19 May 1814 – 19 June 1892) was a Welsh industrialist and Liberal politician who served as MP for Swansea for 37 years.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Dillwyn was born in Swansea, Wales, the fourth of six children of Lewis Weston Dillwyn and Mary Dillwyn. He had two brothers and three sisters. His grandfather, William Dillwyn, was an American Quaker, who, alongside others such as William Wilberforce had campaigned for the abolition of the slave trade. His father had been sent to Swansea by his father William, to take over the management of the Cambrian Pottery, and lived at Sketty Hall. He was educated at Kilvert's Academy in Bath but, following his father's election to Parliament as one of the two members for Glamorgan in 1832 he and chose to follow a business career by taking over the management of Cambrian Pottery, rather than enter Oriel College, Oxford as had been intended. His father was a friend of the geologist Henry De la Beche and Dillwyn and De la Beche carried out experiments on china clays and granites with the aim of improving the production of earthenware. On 16 March 1838, Dillwyn married de la Beche's daughter Elizabeth and, with his wife's artistic guidance, the pottery produced a range of beautiful Etruscan ware which is today a collector's item. They had four children, the best known of whom was Amy Dillwyn and lived at the newly built Hendrefoilan House in Sketty.

paragraph: Section::::Industrial activities.

paragraph: Dillwyn followed his father and his Quaker antecedents in pursuing industry and commerce and radical politics, and played a major part in the industrial development of Swansea. He was head of the firm of Dillwyn and Richards at the Landore spelter works and began to expand his industrial activities to include silver refining. Later, he formed a partnership with William Siemens to establish the Landore Siemens Steel Co., and by 1874 this company had become one of the four largest producers in the world, employing some 2000 workers. In the 1880s, following a slump in the steel industry slumped, Dillwyn concentrated his manufacturing activities on his spelter works at Llansamlet (equally in the built-up area of Swansea), and soon became one of the major zinc producers in the country. Dillwyn was also for many years an active director of the Great Western Railway and Chairman of the Glamorganshire Banking Co.

paragraph: Section::::Military connections.

paragraph: In 1859 he was appointed Captain in Glamorgansire Rifle Volunteers In 1881, while inspecting the troops after they had completed a week's truing he fell from his horse and sustained serious injuries from which he did, however, recover.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: In 1837, at the early age of 22, Dillwyn became a Glamorganshire magistrate and in 1843 played a prominent role alongside his brother, John Dillwyn Llewelyn (who had taken his mother's maiden name after inheriting the Penllegare estate) in preventing the Rebecca riots from engulfing Glamorgan as they had neighbouring Carmarthenshire. During the 1840s he became a member of the Swansea Town Council and the Swansea Harbour trust. In 1848 was Mayor of Swansea, during which year the British Association held its annual meeting in the town. Dillwyn promoted the new piped supply of pure water to the town, agreed to the mass naming and renaming of streets and their improvement through the introduction of paving. In 1852 he conversed with Edwin Chadwick as to building a modern sewerage system in Swansea.

paragraph: In 1855 he was elected Member of Parliament for Swansea District, succeeding J.H. Vivian who had held the seat since 1832. He held the seat and its central successor for 37 years and in all but the last years with few challenges (e.g. opposed in 1874 by Charles Bath of Ffynone, comfortably defeated). In Parliament, Dillwyn had built a reputation by the 1860s as an advanced radical and, at least until the election of men such as Henry Richard, he was regarded as the leader of the Welsh Liberal Party from his regular corner seat below the gangway. Not an effective orator – one obituary even alluded to his 'remarkable inability to make a coherent speech'. – he took praise as a critic of privileges of his own church. It was significant he was an Anglican and this made his support for the campaigns of the Liberation Society against the status of that Established church more effective. He introduced bills in 1860 and 1863 to enable dissenters to be elected as trustees of endowed schools and his motion on the Church of Ireland (28 March 1865) influenced Gladstone's gradual move towards disestablishment. From 1870 he first supported the disestablishment of the Welsh Church (Anglican Church in Wales), in 1873 moved an anti-clerical amendment to the Endowed Schools Act and from 1883 he annually moved for such disestablishment. He favoured Local Option to enable Councils to close of all public houses within a given area.

paragraph: During this period Dillwyn came to be regarded as a conspicuous Radical and was an active supporter of the Reform Act of 1867. During the passage of the Second Reform Bill Dillwyn's involvement as a leading member of the 'Tea Room' cabal of disaffected Liberals in April 1867 helped to bring about household suffrage, a measure which led to an overnight increase in the urban electorate throughout Great Britain. At the 1865 General Election he was instrumental in promoting the candidature in Cardiganshire of Evan Matthew Richards, a fellow Swansea industrialist. This election was notable for the allegations of clerical influence and intimidation. In Parliament, Dillwyn championed the cause of Cardiganshire farmers who were evicted for their votes in 1868 election. Similarly, in the 1880s, he supported the Denbighshire tenantry who agitated against tithes. In 1887 he and Stuart Rendel affirmed the Welsh Liberal Party's support of Irish Home Rule.

paragraph: After the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, the third Reform Act, Dillwyn became MP for the new seat Swansea Town from 1885 to 1892. Dillwyn was opposed in 1885 by little known 22-year-old Tory, W.H. Meredyth who belonged to a leading Anglo-Irish family and drew much of his support during the campaign from aristocrats who came to Swansea to support him. Dillwyn's slashed majority demonstrated that the now marginal political status locally, heightened by the Swansea Town seat excluding most of the overwhelmingly working-class suburbs and contributory boroughs.

paragraph: In 1886, he increased his majority.

paragraph: Section::::Cultural associations.

paragraph: Dillwyn was a prominent member of the Aborigines' Protection Society, a Fellow of the Linnean Society and a Fellow of the Geological Society and delivered talks on ornithology and natural history to the Royal Institution of South Wales. One of the lectures was about Labuan, a tiny British colony next to Borneo. Dillwyn, together with James Motley, a fellow member of the RISW, published an illustrated volume, intended as first of a series, on the natural history of Labuan. Within the field of ornithology Dillwyn also named the bird species "Megapodius cumingii" (Philippine megapode). He was also a photographer, his brother John Dillwyn Llewelyn being a pioneer photographer and botanist.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Dillwyn, aged 78, had every intention of contesting the 1892 Election despite an active opposition. On 1 June a general meeting of the Swansea Conservatives and Liberal Unionists, allied against the Irish Home Rule movement, resolved to nominate F. Ormesby-Gore.

paragraph: On 18 June he attended a meeting at Swansea Liberal Club where David Randell was re-adopted as candidate for the Gower constituency and gave speech. Later that evening he attended a meeting to plan his own campaign where he lost and regained consciousness. He died the following day at the Royal Hotel, Swansea.

paragraph: His funeral and burial at St Paul's churchyard, Sketty, was largely private, at the request of his family. His demise provoked "a great deal of comment" in radical circles. His only son, Harry, a hard-drinking barrister, and one daughter had predeceased him, but he left two daughters including the novelist Elizabeth Amy Dillwyn. The Hendrefoilan estate passed to Dillwyn's grandson John, son of his eldest daughter, Mary Nicholl of Merthyr Mawr, near Bridgend.

paragraph: In the year of Dillwyn's death, his nephew, Sir John T. D. Llewelyn was chosen by local Conservatives. Narrowly defeated by the Liberal, R.D. Burnie, he won in 1895. Dillwyn's Liberal Party resurged from 1900 in a strong period for them in the region bucking the national outcome.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Swansea

paragraph: BULLET::::- Welsh Liberal Party

paragraph: BULLET::::- Temperance movement in the United Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- Disestablishmentarianism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irish Home Rule movement

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Lewis Llewelyn Dillwyn

wikipedia_title: Lewis Llewelyn Dillwyn


text: Spanish American

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: auxiliary bishop

text: Archdiocese of New York

text: Legazpi

text: Spain

text: Spanish

text: Basque

text: priesthood

text: minor seminary

text: Canons Regular of the Lateran

text: independent Augustinian community

text: Oñati

text: Rome

text: Pontifical Gregorian University

text: ordained

text: Diocese of San Sebastián

text: professor

text: seminary

text: Europe

text: religious order

text: public high school

text: secretary

text: United States

text: Archdiocese of New York

text: chaplain

text: Sisters of the Servants of Mary

text: parochial vicar

text: St. Joseph's Church

text: Middletown

text: Manhattan

text: Bronx

text: Hispanic

text: Charismatic Renewal Movement

text: incardinated

text: Vicar

text: New York

text: Titular Bishop

text: Pope John Paul II

text: episcopal consecration

text: Edward Cardinal Egan

text: Bishops Henry Mansell

text: Robert Brucato

text: co-consecrators

text: motto

text: Pope Francis

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

text: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York

categories: American people of Basque descent,American Roman Catholic bishops,Spanish emigrants to the United States,1938 births,American titular bishops,Living people

paragraph: Josu Iriondo

paragraph: Josu Iriondo (born December 19, 1938) is a retired Spanish American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of New York from 2001 to 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and education.

paragraph: One of seven children, Josu Iriondo was born in Legazpi, Spain, to Rufino and Maria Leona (née Zabaleta) Iriondo. He was educated in Spanish but spoke Basque at home.

paragraph: Iriondo decided to pursue the priesthood and then entered the minor seminary of the Canons Regular of the Lateran, an independent Augustinian community, at age 12. He later joined the Canons Regular, and attended "Sagrado Corazon" Seminary in Oñati and the "Collegio San Vittore" in Rome. From 1958 to 1962, he studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Ordination and ministry.

paragraph: Iriondo was ordained for the Diocese of San Sebastián on December 23, 1962. He then served as professor and master of discipline at a seminary of the Canons Regular, and traveled through Europe on duties related to his religious order. He also taught at the National Institute, a regional public high school, where served as school secretary as well.

paragraph: Iriondo came to the United States in 1968, accepting an invitation for Spanish priests to the Archdiocese of New York. He then served as chaplain to the Sisters of the Servants of Mary until 1969, whence he became parochial vicar at St. Joseph's Church in Middletown. He later served as St. Lucy's Church (1973-1974) and Holy Rosary Church (1974-1976) in Manhattan.

paragraph: Iriondo was named parochial vicar (1976) and then pastor (1978) of Our Savior Church in the Bronx. In 1990, he was appointed director of both the Hispanic Catholic Center and the Charismatic Renewal Movement. He was incardinated into the Archdiocese of New York in 1996, and named Vicar for Hispanics in 1997. Iriondo became pastor of St. Anthony of Padua Church in 2001.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Auxiliary Bishop of New York.

paragraph: On October 30, 2001, Iriondo was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of New York, New York and Titular Bishop of "Alton" by Pope John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on the following December 12 from Edward Cardinal Egan, with Bishops Henry Mansell and Robert Brucato serving as co-consecrators. He selected as his episcopal motto: ""Dominum et Vivificantem""

paragraph: Bishop Iriondo's resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on Saturday, February 1, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Josu Iriondo

wikipedia_title: Josu Iriondo


text: American

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: bishop

text: The Catholic University of America

text: Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux

text: Louisiana

text: Pope Francis

text: J. Douglas Deshotel

categories: American Roman Catholic bishops,Living people,Catholic University of America alumni,1940 births

paragraph: Charles Michael Jarrell

paragraph: Charles Michael Jarrell (May 15, 1940) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the sixth bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lafayette in Louisiana until his resignation on February 18, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Before entering a seminary, Jarrell attended The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. where he received both a Bachelor's and Master's Degree in philosophy.

paragraph: Jarrell was appointed as the second bishop of Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux, Louisiana and served from 1992 to 2002.

paragraph: On November 8, 2002, Jarrell was appointed to serve as bishop for the Diocese of Lafayette in Louisiana. On February 18, 2016, Pope Francis accepted Jarrell's resignation and appointed J. Douglas Deshotel to succeed him.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Lafayette in Louisiana Official Site

wikidata_label: Charles Michael Jarrell

wikipedia_title: Charles Michael Jarrell


text: Hangul

text: Hanja

text: Busan

text: South Korea

text: South Korea

text: starting pitcher

text: SK Wyverns

text: KBO League

text: Doosan Bears

text: Kia Tigers

text: Daniel Rios

text: setup man

text: closer

text: South Korea national baseball team

text: inaugural World Baseball Classic

text: 2006 WBC

text: left-handed specialist

text: starter

text: long reliever

text: SK Wyverns

text: ERA

text: Kim Kwang-Hyun

text: strikeout

text: starting rotation

text: Doosan Bears

text: Lee Dae-Jin

text: KBO

categories: Kia Tigers players,South Korean baseball players,1984 births,SK Wyverns players,Doosan Bears players,Living people,2006 World Baseball Classic players

paragraph: Jun Byung-doo

paragraph: Jun Byung-doo (Hangul: 전병두, Hanja: 全炳斗) (born October 14, 1984 in Busan, South Korea) is a South Korean left-handed starting pitcher who plays for the SK Wyverns of the KBO League.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Drafted by the Doosan Bears with the 1st pick in the second round of the 2003 KBO Draft, Jun made his pro debut on September 2, 2003.

paragraph: In 2005, Jun was traded to the Kia Tigers for Daniel Rios, and had his statistically outstanding season as a setup man and closer, going 3-2 with 5 saves and a 3.00 ERA in 57 innings pitched. After the 2005 KBO season, he was called up to the South Korea national baseball team for the inaugural World Baseball Classic held in March 2006. At the 2006 WBC, he played an important role as a left-handed specialist, appearing in the last three games for the South Korean team.

paragraph: In the 2006 KBO season, he pitched 101.1 innings as a starter and long reliever with 94 strikeouts.

paragraph: In 2007, however, Jun spent much of his time on the disabled list because of elbow trouble.

paragraph: In the middle of the 2008 season, Jun was traded to the SK Wyverns. Sidelined by injuries, he only appeared in 10 games during the season, going 2-4 with a 4.64 ERA and 29 strikeouts in 33 innings pitched.

paragraph: In 2009, Jun had the most productive season, establishing career-highs in almost every single pitching category. He was runner-up in ERA (3.11) behind Wyverns ace Kim Kwang-Hyun and fifth in strikeouts (136), going 8-4 with 8 saves. Jun became a fixture in the starting rotation until the All-Star break after being one of the Wyverns' most consistent pitchers in spring training, and appeared in games as a utility pitcher in the second half of the season. On May 23 against the Doosan Bears, Jun struck out 9 consecutive batters with a total of 13 strikeouts as a starter, falling one shy of Lee Dae-Jin's KBO record of 10 consecutive strikeouts.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile and stats on the KBO official site

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Jun Byung-Doo

wikipedia_title: Jun Byung-doo


text: Pennsylvania Department of Education

text: Pennsylvania Governor

text: Ed Rendell

text: African American

text: BS

text: MEd

text: PhD

text: Philosophy

text: University of Pittsburgh

text: Pennsylvania State University

categories: State cabinet secretaries of Pennsylvania,Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania alumni,University of Pittsburgh alumni,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Francis V. Barnes

paragraph: Francis V. Barnes is a former Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Education, from 2004 to 2005.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was appointed in July 2004 by Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell. He is the first African American to hold the position.

paragraph: Barnes graduated from Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania with a BS in Education, and letter earned an MEd and a PhD in Philosophy from the University of Pittsburgh. He also served on the board of trustees at the Pennsylvania State University in his capacity as Education Secretary.

paragraph: Barnes resigned from his position as Education Secretary in 2005, because he claimed the commute separated him from his family.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Barnes has a wife, Patty and two children.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Francis Barnes

wikipedia_title: Francis V. Barnes


text:
Stepney
Wishbone Ash
rock music
Ted Turner
Laurie Wisefield
East End of London
new town
Hemel Hempstead
beat
The Shadows
Les Paul
Melody Maker
classified
Martin Turner
Steve Upton
Ted Turner
sessions
George Harrison
Ringo Starr
Kashif
Cilla Black
Stewart Copeland
Renaissance
Miles Copeland III
Ted Turner
Randy California
Jan Akkerman
Steve Howe
Steve Hunter
Robby Krieger
Leslie West
Alvin Lee
tax exile
Connecticut
Wishbone Ash website

categories: English rock guitarists,English singer-songwriters,1950 births,Wishbone Ash members,English male singers,Lead guitarists,Living people,Singers from London

paragraph: Andy Powell

paragraph: Andrew Powell (born 19 February 1950, Stepney, London) is an English guitarist and songwriter, and a founding member of the British band Wishbone Ash, known for their innovative use of twin lead guitars. He is named in discussions of the most influential guitarists in rock music history, often alongside other Wishbone Ash guitarists including Ted Turner and Laurie Wisefield.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Although born in the East End of London, Powell grew up in the new town of Hemel Hempstead, some north-west of London. He first played guitar at the age of 11, inspired by rock and beat bands such as The Shadows. Powell, unable to muster funds to buy a brand-new guitar, made a Les Paul-style guitar himself, and began to play in London-based bands such as The Dekois and The Sugar Band.

paragraph: Section::::Wishbone Ash.

paragraph: In 1969, Powell answered a "Melody Maker" classified in which Martin Turner and Steve Upton advertised for a guitar player. Being unable to choose between Powell and another applicant (Ted Turner), Wishbone Ash was formed with two lead guitarists, with Martin Turner as the lead songwriter.

paragraph: Section::::Other appearances.

paragraph: Powell has recorded numerous sessions for other artists, including George Harrison, Ringo Starr, Kashif, Cilla Black, Stewart Copeland and Renaissance.

paragraph: In 1988, Powell contributed to Miles Copeland III's "Night of the Guitar" project alongside Ted Turner, touring extensively with artists such as Randy California, Jan Akkerman, Steve Howe, Steve Hunter, Robby Krieger, Leslie West and Alvin Lee.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Powell left England around 1980 as a "tax exile", and since then has mainly lived in Connecticut with his wife Pauline.

paragraph: In 2016 he released his autobiography, entitled "Eyes Wide Open: True Tales of a Wishbone Ash Warrior".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wishbone Ash website

description: British guitarist and songwriter; founding member of the British band Wishbone Ash

wikidata_label: Andy Powell

wikipedia_title: Andy Powell


text: Orlovat

text: Belgrade

text: Realist

text: Orlovat

text: Crepaja

text: Pančevo

text: Vienna

text: Academy of Fine Arts of Vienna

text: Christian Griepenkerl

text: Paja Jovanović

text: Gundel's prize

text: Theophil Freiherr von Hansen

text: wall painting

text: myth

text: frieze

text: Belgrade

text: Novi Sad

text: Stari Bečej

text: 1889 Exposition Universelle

text: Paris

text: Serbia

text: Serbian Royal Academy

text: Bečej

text: Bogdan Dunđerski

text: Orphan

text: Sima Lozanić

text: Stojan Novaković

text: Jovan Žujović

text: Jovan Cvijić

text: Slobodan Jovanović

text: Bogdan Gavrilović

text: Aleksandar Belić

text: Michael I. Pupin

text: Laza Kostić

text: Mihailo Petrović Alas

text: Ksenija Atanasijević

text: Branislav Petronijević

text: Paja Jovanović

text: Serbian art

text: Đorđe Krstić

text: Icons in Bečej church

categories: 1857 births,People from Zrenjanin,1953 deaths,Realist painters,Eastern Orthodox Christians from Serbia,19th-century Serbian painters

paragraph: Uroš Predić

paragraph: Uroš Predić (, ; Orlovat, 7 December 1857 – Belgrade, 12 February 1953) was a Serbian Realist painter. Predić is perhaps best known for his early works depicting ordinary peoples, as well as his many portraits.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Orlovat, and attended primary school in Crepaja. After finishing his gymnasium in Pančevo (this school was later named after him), he went to Vienna to study on academy in 1876. He graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts of Vienna in 1880. He studied in the class of professor Christian Griepenkerl, who also taught Predić's contemporary Paja Jovanović. During his studies, he received the Gundel's prize – for a male model painting in oil. In 1882, he worked in private studio of professor Grieppenkerl, and in the period from 1883 to 1885 he was an assistant professor of the Department of Antiquity at the Art academy in Vienna. During that time, under the instruction of professor Grieppenkerl, and the renowned architect Theophil Freiherr von Hansen, he painted 13 wall paintings of ancient, historical and mythological compositions for the frieze in the House of Lords at Reichsratsgebäude (Imperial Council Building) in Vienna.

paragraph: In 1885, he returned to Orlovat, where he painted a series of paintings about the life of his fellow villagers. After that, in period from 1886 to 1889, he lived in Belgrade, and in period from 1890 to 1893 in Novi Sad and Stari Bečej. From 1894 to 1909, Predić lived in Orlovat, and from 1909, until his death, he lived and worked in Belgrade. First exhibition of his paintings was in 1888 in Belgrade. He was elected to the group of painters who are represent Serbia at the 1889 Exposition Universelle in Paris. In a small gallery he was presented the 8 oil paintings. Although the French criticism did not recognize his work Predić will become very popular in the impoverished Serbia. Especially because of his sense of humor present in some works. He had many exhibitions, both in Serbia and aboard. Later, portraits and icons prevail in his opus.

paragraph: He was one of the founders of the ""Lada" society" in 1904, and became its president. He was elected as associate member of the Serbian Royal Academy on 26 January 1909, and on 3 February 1910 as a regular member. He was one of the founders of the Society of painters in Belgrade in 1919, and was its first president. Uroš Predić painted the icons for the Bečej orthodox church, and the icons for the chapel of Bogdan Dunđerski. He died in 1953 in Belgrade, at the age of 95. He was buried in Orlovat.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Some of his famous works include "Merry brothers", "Orphan (on mother's grave)", the historical painting "Bosnia-Herzegovinian fugitives" and perhaps his most recognizable "Kosovo Maiden". Predić also painted the famous portraits of the presidents of Serbian academy:

paragraph: Sima Lozanić, Stojan Novaković (1920), Jovan Žujović (1921), Jovan Cvijić (1923), Slobodan Jovanović (1930), Bogdan Gavrilović (1935) Aleksandar Belić (1940). He also painted portraits of Michael I. Pupin, Laza Kostić, Mihailo Petrović Alas (1943), Ksenija Atanasijević (1917), Branislav Petronijević (1911) amongst others.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paja Jovanović

paragraph: BULLET::::- Serbian art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Đorđe Krstić

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Icons in Bečej church

alias:
Uros Predic
Uroš Predič

description: Serbian artist

wikidata_label: Uroš Predić

wikipedia_title: Uroš Predić


text:
Northern Song
Southern Song
Emperor Aidi of Tang
Emperor Qinzong
Jurchens
Zhao Gou
Jingkang Incident
Emperor Qinzong
Zhang Bangchang
Gaozong

categories: Song dynasty politicians from Shanghai,1083 births

paragraph: Li Gang (Song dynasty)

paragraph: Li Gang (; 1083–1140) was a politician serving during the transition from the Northern Song to the Southern Song dynasty in the 1130s. He served as Grand Chancellor of Northern Song at its fall in 1127. He was also a general.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He claimed to be descended from Emperor Aidi of Tang, the last Emperor of Tang through a son named Li Xizhao (李熙照)

paragraph: In 1127, Emperor Qinzong appointed the Li Gang to lead the Song military to fend off the Jurchens, but Qinzong removed Li Gang from his appointment in the hope of starting peace talks with the Jurchens and sent his younger brother Zhao Gou to negotiate. The negotiation worked but not before Zhao Gou was taken hostage, ransomed, and released. Despite this, the Jurchens renewed their war again due to Emperor Qinzong's decisions. Since Emperor Qinzong sent his generals to other parts of the country, Li Gang himself included, he was not captured during the Jingkang Incident but Emperor Qinzong was captured.

paragraph: Zhao Gou later became Emperor Gaozong in June 1127.

paragraph: Li Gang became Emperor Gaozong's chancellor and was responsible for pressuring him to execute Zhang Bangchang because Li Gang opposed diplomatic action with the Jurchens.

paragraph: When one of Li Gang's guerrilla forces, the Red Scarf Army, scored a major victory against the Jin troops and almost captured their commander-in-chief, Gaozong dismissed the minister. The dismissal of Li Gang is seen as implying that Gaozong did not really want to win this battle.

alias: Liangxi Zhongding Boji

description: Song dynasty politician

wikidata_label: Li Gang

wikipedia_title: Li Gang (Song dynasty)


text:
footballer
Romorantin
midfielder
Ouidah
Séwé Sports
Mogas 90
Rouen
Romorantin
Benin

categories: 1987 births,Mogas 90 FC players,Beninese expatriate sportspeople in France,Beninese expatriate footballers,SO Romorantin players,Expatriate footballers in France,Beninese expatriate sportspeople in Ivory Coast,FC Rouen players,Séwé Sport de San-Pédro players,Benin international footballers,People from Ouidah,Beninese footballers,Expatriate footballers in Ivory Coast,Living people,Association football midfielders

paragraph: Oscar Olou

paragraph: Oscar Olou (born 16 November 1987) is a Beninese international footballer who plays for French club Romorantin as a midfielder.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born in Ouidah, Olou has played club football in Ivory Coast, Benin and France for Séwé Sports, Mogas 90, Rouen and Romorantin.

paragraph: He made his international debut for Benin in 2004, and has appeared in FIFA World Cup qualifying matches.

description: Beninese footballer

wikidata_label: Oscar Olou

wikipedia_title: Oscar Olou


text:
Count of Looz
Count of Rieneck
Gérard II, Count of Looz
Henry I, Count of Guelders
Ada of Holland
Henry I, Duke of Brabant
Mathilde of Boulogne
Count of Auvergne

categories: 1221 deaths,Belgian nobility,Year of birth unknown,House of Loon

paragraph: Arnold III, Count of Looz

paragraph: Arnold III (d. 1221), Count of Looz and Count of Rieneck, son of Gérard II, Count of Looz, and Adelaide of Gelderland, daughter of Henry I, Count of Guelders, and Agnes of Arnstein, daughter of Louis III of Arnstein.

paragraph: From 1207 to 1214, he was held hostage in England in order to guarantee the obligations of his brother Louis II and his wife Ada of Holland to give up the county of Holland.

paragraph: In 1206, Arnold married Adelaide, daughter of Henry I, Duke of Brabant, and Mathilde of Boulogne. Arnold and Adelaide had one daughter, Jeanne, Fléron of Loon.

paragraph: Upon his death, Arnold was succeeded by Louis III, the son of his brother Gérard III. His widow remarried William X of Clermont (1195-1247), Count of Auvergne.

wikidata_label: Arnold III, Count of Loon

wikipedia_title: Arnold III, Count of Looz


text:
Count of Looz
Gérard III, Count of Rieneck
Arnold III
Louis II
Henry
Medieval Lands Project, Comtes de Looz

paragraph: Louis III, Count of Looz

paragraph: Louis III (d. May 15, 1243), Count of Rieneck and Count of Looz. He was the son of Gérard III, Count of Rieneck, and Cunegonde von Zimmern.

paragraph: Upon the death of his father, he was too young to lead the county of Rieneck and it was his uncle Arnold III became count, and Louis III became Viscount of Mainz. Similarly, with the death of his uncle Louis II in 1218, it was his uncles Henry and Arnold III who succeeded him. He died childless.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Baerten, J., "Les origines des comtes de Looz et la formation territoriale du comté", Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 43 (2), 1965

paragraph: Medieval Lands Project, Comtes de Looz

wikidata_label: Louis III, Count of Loon

wikipedia_title: Louis III, Count of Looz


text: Flemish

text: miniature painter

text: Bruges

text: illumination

text: Anthony of Burgundy

text: Philip the Good

text: Dukes

text: Loiset Lyédet

text: Master of the Dresden Prayer Book

text: anonymous masters

text: Paris

text: Wrocław

text: Philadelphia

text: Munich

text: Cambridge University Library

text: Vienna

text: Charles the Bold

text: Philippe de Mazerolles

text: engraving

text: Boccaccio

text: Colard Mansion

text: BnF

text: The "Vienna Black Hours"

categories: 15th-century painters,Flemish painters,Anonymous artists,Manuscript illuminators

paragraph: Master of Anthony of Burgundy

paragraph: The Master of Anthony of Burgundy was a Flemish miniature painter active in Bruges between about 1460 and 1490, apparently running a large workshop, and producing some of the most sophisticated work of the final flowering of Flemish illumination. He was first identified by Winkler in 1921; his name is derived from one of his most elevated patrons, Anthony of Burgundy, Philip the Good's illegitimate son, though he also worked for the Dukes and other bibliophiles in Burgundian court circles, who had already been allocated "Masters" by art historians. His contributions to the heavily illustrated Froissart of Louis of Gruuthuse (BnF Fr 2643-6) from the early 1470s, on which several of the leading illuminators of the day worked, show him excelling some more famous names, like Loiset Lyédet. The young Master of the Dresden Prayer Book worked as his assistant on this book, suggesting he was an apprentice; a number of other anonymous masters have been postulated as his pupils. Other works are in the libraries of Paris, Wrocław, Philadelphia, Munich, Cambridge University Library and elsewhere.

paragraph: He sometimes painted using gold and silver on a black background, as in the "Vienna Black Hours" (or "Sforza Hours" and other titles) now in Vienna. It is through the somewhat controversial attribution of that book to him, and its further identification with a book presented to Charles the Bold and known to have been illustrated by Philippe de Mazerolles, the Frenchman appointed as Burgundian court illuminator, that he has been proposed as identical to de Mazerolles, who is documented between 1454-1479.

paragraph: The Master, or his circle, have also been associated with the first engravings produced for book illustration, in an edition of Boccaccio printed in Bruges by Colard Mansion in about 1476.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- S McKendrick in, T Kren & S McKendrick (eds), Illuminating the Renaissance: The Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe, Getty Museum/Royal Academy of Arts, 2003,

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- BnF The Master painted most of the miniatures in BnF 2645 and 2646 shown here, though unfortunately the individual folios are not attributed to artists on the website.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The "Vienna Black Hours"

wikidata_label: Master of Anthony of Burgundy

wikipedia_title: Master of Anthony of Burgundy


text:
Hawaiian
actor
sculptor
painter
Korak
Tarzan
Jane
Waichinu
Kauai
Hawaii
film director
Cecil B. DeMille
Waikiki
Hollywood
United States Army
World War I
Male and Female
The Island of Desire
Jack Hoxie
film serial
The Son of Tarzan
The Sea Wolf
Jack London
Noah Beery
Fool's Paradise
cancer

categories: American male silent film actors,20th-century American male actors,Deaths from cancer in California,1924 deaths,1890 births

paragraph: Kamuela C. Searle

paragraph: Kamuela C. Searle (August 29, 1890 – February 14, 1924) was a Hawaiian actor, sculptor, and painter, best remembered for his portrayal of Korak, the son of Tarzan and Jane.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and film career.

paragraph: Born as Samuel Cooper Searle in Waichinu, Kauai, Hawaii, Searle met legendary film director Cecil B. DeMille on the beach at Waikiki in 1915. DeMille encouraged Searle to go to Hollywood and pursue a film career. Legend has it that Searle appeared in a couple of DeMille's films during this time, but no definite proof exists. He enlisted in the United States Army during World War I, and fought and was wounded in France. Upon his discharge, Searle adopted Kamuela (the Hawaiian spelling of Samuel) as his first name, and appeared, uncredited, in DeMille's 1919 film "Male and Female". His first credited role was in "The Island of Desire", as Sam Searles, released in 1917.

paragraph: Section::::Korak and beyond.

paragraph: Cowboy actor Jack Hoxie was originally slated to play the adult Jack Clayton (known by the Ape name Korak) in the 1920 film serial "The Son of Tarzan", but was dropped from the production before filming began. Searle was cast, and enthusiastically spent a month in the desert to "harden" himself for the role. Searle also played a supporting role in that same year in "The Sea Wolf", based on the Jack London novel and starring Noah Beery in the titular role.

paragraph: Section::::Death urban legend and final years.

paragraph: Many sources, including Gabe Essoe's "Tarzan of the Movies", have incorrectly stated that Searle was mortally wounded when an elephant carrying him bound to a stake slammed him to the ground. Though he was hurt enough that a double completed a few final long shots, Searle recovered from his injuries and completed one more film, Cecil B. DeMille's "Fool's Paradise" (1921), before he retired from acting to concentrate on sculpting and painting.

paragraph: According to Kamuela Searle's brother, he died of cancer in 1924, aged 33.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Essoe, Gabe. "Tarzan of The Movies", 1968. Published by The Citadel Press,

description: American actor

wikidata_label: Kamuela C. Searle

wikipedia_title: Kamuela C. Searle


text: embryologist

text: Hans Spemann

text: Nobel Prize

text: Physiology or Medicine

text: organizer

text: embryonic induction

text: University of Jena

text: University of Frankfurt

text: Zoological Institute

text: Freiburg

text: Berlin

text: antibiotics

text: blastopore

text: conjoined twins

text: newt

text: gastrulation

text: Developmental biology

text: Embryogenesis

text: Theodor Boveri

text: August Weismann

text: Nature

categories: 1898 births,20th-century women scientists,20th-century biologists,Embryologists,1924 deaths

paragraph: Hilde Mangold

paragraph: Hilde Mangold (20 October 1898 – 4 September 1924) (née Proescholdt) was a German embryologist who was best known for her 1923 dissertation which was the foundation for her mentor, Hans Spemann's, 1935 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the embryonic organizer, "one of the very few doctoral theses in biology that have directly resulted in the awarding of a Nobel Prize". The general effect she demonstrated is known as embryonic induction, that is, the capacity of some cells to direct the developmental trajectory of other cells. Induction remains a fundamental concept and area of ongoing research in the field.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Hilde Proescholdt was born in Gotha, Thuringia, a province in central-eastern Germany on October 20, 1898. She was the middle daughter of soap factory owner Ernest Proescholdt and his wife Gertrude. She attended the University of Jena in Germany for two semesters in 1918 and 1919 and then transferred to the University of Frankfurt in Germany where she also spent two semesters. It was here that she saw a lecture by the renowned embryologist Hans Spemann on experimental embryology.

paragraph: This lecture inspired her to pursue her education in this field. After Frankfurt, she attended the Zoological Institute in Freiburg. It was here that she met and married her husband, , who was Spemann’s chief assistant (and, incidentally, a supporter of the Nazi Party). Under Spemann's direction, she completed her 1923 dissertation, entitled “Über Induktion von Embryonalanlagen durch Implantation artfremder Organisatoren”, or “Induction of Embryonic Primordia by Implantation of Organizers from a Different Species.”

paragraph: After earning her PhD in zoology, Hilde moved with her husband and infant son, Christian, to Berlin. Shortly after the move, Hilde died from severe burns as a result of a gas heater explosion in her Berlin home. She never lived to see the publication of her thesis results. Her son died in World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Key experiments.

paragraph: Mangold performed very delicate transplantation experiments with embryos (a feat even more impressive before the discovery of antibiotics to prevent infection after surgery). She demonstrated that tissue from the dorsal lip of the blastopore grafted into a host embryo can induce the formation of an extra body axis, creating conjoined twins. Crucially, by using two species of newt with different skin colors for host and donor, she showed that the amphibian organizer did not form the extra axis by itself, but recruited host tissue to form the twin (although the full implications of this result were not understood until a year after her death). This was the basis of the discovery of the "organizer", which is responsible for gastrulation.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Developmental biology

paragraph: BULLET::::- Embryogenesis

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodor Boveri

paragraph: BULLET::::- August Weismann

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Explanation of the Spemann-Mangold experiment from a Nature Reviews article

description: German biologist

wikidata_label: Hilde Mangold

wikipedia_title: Hilde Mangold


text: Viennese

text: Photo-Secessionist

text: straight photography

text: modernist

text: art photography

text: Vienna

text: iconic

text: Protestant

text: Schreiberseifen

text: Freudenthal

text: Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia

text: Czech Republic

text: Vienna

text: First World War

text: symbolist

text: graphic art

text: Vienna State Opera

text: Russian

text: Tatyana Issatschenko Gsovsky

text: Jugendstil

text: Art Nouveau

text: Constructivism

text: gum bichromate

text: nudism

text: Central Europe

text: agrarian

text: romanticism

text: bromoil process

text: Encyclopædia Britannica

text: Iconography

text: Hauppage

text: McGraw Hill

text: Taschen

text: The Museum of Modern Art

text: Rudolf Koppitz critique and biography

text: Photography Encyclopedia Rudolf Koppitz

text: New York Times: Art in Review

categories: 1884 births,Austrian people of Czech descent,People from Bruntál District,People from Austrian Silesia,Austrian photographers,Czech photographers,Artists from Vienna

paragraph: Rudolf Koppitz

paragraph: Rudolf Koppitz (4 January 1884 – 8 July 1936), often credited as Viennese or Austrian, was a Photo-Secessionist whose work includes straight photography and modernist images. He was one of the leading representatives of art photography in Vienna between the world wars. Koppitz is best known for his works of the human figure including his iconic "Bewegungsstudie", "Motion Study" and his use of the nude in natural settings.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Rudolf Koppitz was born into a rural Protestant family in Schreiberseifen, a village close to the town of Freudenthal, in the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia (what is today Skrbovice near Bruntál in the Czech Republic). Koppitz began training for his career as a photographer in 1897 under Robert Rotter from Bruntál. Koppitz later continued his work in small commercial studios as a contract photographer but in 1912, he left professional life to go back to school to continue his studies at the , "Institute for Teaching and Research in Graphic Arts" in Vienna, Austria.

paragraph: His time at the Institute was interrupted by the First World War in which Koppitz found himself putting his talents to use as an aerial reconnaissance photographer. The bulk of the body of work he produced during this time consisted of landscapes captured during his aerial reconnaissance work, his favorite of which was the study of water from the air and the geometric elements of flying machines that carried him into war. When Koppitz was not photographing for the Army he spent his time documenting the lives of soldiers and the communities of people he came into contact with. Photographs from this period are laden with dramatic sentiments due to Koppitz's use of light, the sun, clouds and mist to express the emotions of the people and the time.

paragraph: After the war, Koppitz returned to the Institute to teach photography where in 1923 he took the nude self-portrait, "In the Bosom of Nature", in which he framed himself by tree trunks, rocks, snowy mountains, and is posed to convey a dreamlike harmony reminiscent of a symbolist painting and graphic art. In c. 1925 Koppitz created his masterpiece, "Bewegungsstudie", "Motion Study" in which he photographed dancers from the Vienna State Opera; the nude dancer, credited to be the Russian but is more likely, her daughter,

paragraph: ballet dancer and choreographer, Tatyana Issatschenko Gsovsky, with her head thrown dramatically back and flanked by three dark-robed women, lends "Bewegungsstudie" to the highly decorative and symbolist tradition of the Viennese Jugendstil.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Koppitz's work is marked by a pronounced awareness of form, line, and the surface play of light and shadow. Early in his career, Koppitz was known for staging groups of subjects in the style of the Vienna Secession, the most well known example of this being his "Bewegungsstudie", "Motion Study".

paragraph: "Bewegungsstudie's" languid nude, elaborately robed women and undeniable sensuality, in the context of its rigorous and artistic composition, bring to mind the sexual morbidity of Viennese artists like Gustav Klimt and Alphonse Mucha, as well as the Swiss symbolist painter Ferdinand Hodler and has made it as unforgettable then as it is today. It has become the Koppitz's signature image, and was also his best-seller. Prints of the image were purchased by, among others, the Toledo Museum of Art; the New York Camera Club notable Joseph Bing, head of that club's print committee; and the Englishman Stephen Tyng, who published it in a small portfolio of works from his collection.

paragraph: His earliest works show evidence of influence by Gustav Klimt, Japanese art, Art Nouveau and Constructivism. During the First World War, Koppitz's photographs took on a documentary quality when his photographs became more simple and direct in their subject matter and composition. Koppitz's work came of age during the inter-war period when most of Austria's photographers were supporters of art photography. Photographs from that time are full of symbolic meanings often capturing nude and clothed dancers as well as liberal use of the both male, many of which were of Koppitz himself and female nudes placed in elements of nature and posed to give the impression of a Greek or Roman statue.

paragraph: Although he did not possess a consistent style, Koppitz was a virtuoso of the dark room, seemingly determined to make the photograph as much of an art object as possible. His beautifully grainy, subtly tinted images align him with American Pictorialists like Edward Steichen and Clarence Smith. Koppitz's work, much of it using the gum bichromate process, reflected his links with modern artists such as Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele, and their involvement with the 'life reform' movement including; nudism, sun culture, and expressive dance popular in Central Europe from the early 1900s as well as agrarian romanticism. Koppitz's extraordinary mastery of pictorial processes—pigment, carbon, gum, and bromoil process of transfer printing—gained the respect of his colleagues throughout the world and garnered mention in the Encyclopædia Britannica of 1929.

paragraph: Over the course of 30 years of work, Koppitz's photography came full circle returning in his later years to where he started, working with a renewed focus on nature and documenting the lives and condition of rural peasants. Koppitz is perceived by some as a progressive modern artist while on the other hand he was one of the more conservative photographers in his time, holding true to a number of traditions and always telling a story with his photographs.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iconography

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baatz, W. (1997). "Photography: An Illustrated Historical Overview." Hauppage: Baron's

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hirsch, R. (2000). "Seizing the Light: A History of Photography." New York: McGraw Hill

paragraph: BULLET::::- Koetzle, M. (1994). "1000 Nudes: Uwe Scheid Collection." Cologne: Taschen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Newhall, B. (1982). "The History of Photography." New York: The Museum of Modern Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richter, P. (1998). "Nude Photography: Masterpieces from the Past 150 Years." New York: Prestel

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rudolf Koppitz critique and biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photography Encyclopedia Rudolf Koppitz

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rudolf Koppitz: Viennese `Master of the Camera'

paragraph: BULLET::::- New York Times: Art in Review

description: Austrian photographer

wikidata_label: Rudolf Koppitz

wikipedia_title: Rudolf Koppitz


text:
Lombez
University of Leyden
London
John Freind
Paris
Louis XV
heart
cardiological
physiological
anatomical
pathological
heart
heart disorders
diseases
autopsies
atrial fibrillation
mitral valve disease
hypertrophy
cinchona
rhubarb
Gabriel Sénac de Meilhan
Texas Heart Institute
Target Health Inc.

categories: 1770 deaths,People from Gers,1693 births,18th-century French physicians,French cardiologists

paragraph: Jean-Baptiste de Sénac

paragraph: Jean-Baptiste de Sénac (1693–1770) was a French physician born in the town of Lombez.

paragraph: Details of his early life are sketchy, however it is generally thought that he studied medicine at the University of Leyden, and later in London, where one of his instructors was John Freind (1675–1728). Beginning in 1723, he practiced medicine in Paris, later serving (from 1752 to 1770) as a personal physician to King Louis XV.

paragraph: Sénac is remembered for important studies of the heart in an era when cardiological medicine was rudimentary. In 1749 he published a book on cardiology called "Traité de la structure du coeur, de son action, et de ses maladies", an influential work that systematically dealt with physiological, anatomical and pathological issues involving the heart. In the treatise, he discusses heart disorders and diseases that he analyzed personally, as well as diagnoses that were determined by other physicians.

paragraph: Many of Sénac's discoveries were derived from autopsies. He was the first physician to describe the correlation between atrial fibrillation and mitral valve disease, as well as the first to provide a comprehensive study of cardiac hypertrophy. He also conducted research of cinchona extract and rhubarb as possible treatments for cardiac irregularities.

paragraph: Gabriel Sénac de Meilhan was his son.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Texas Heart Institute. Jean-Baptiste Sénac and His Treatise on the Heart

paragraph: BULLET::::- Target Health Inc.. Jean-Baptise de Senac and His Contribution to Cardiology

description: French cardiologist

wikidata_label: Jean-Baptiste de Sénac

wikipedia_title: Jean-Baptiste de Sénac


text: Bishop of Freising

text: Verona

text: Bavaria

text: Austria

text: Tyrol

text: Saint Corbinian

text: Freising Abbey

text: Freising

text: Isen Abbey

text: Saint Zeno of Verona

text: Schäftlarn

text: Scharnitz Abbey

text: Aribo

text: secularisation

text: Isen

text: beatified

categories: People from Bavaria,Roman Catholic bishops of Freising,8th-century bishops,764 deaths

paragraph: Joseph of Freising

paragraph: Joseph of Freising (died 17 January 764), also known as Joseph of Verona, was Bishop of Freising from 747 or 748 until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: There is no direct evidence of Joseph's place of origin, or place of birth. It is sometimes claimed that he was a native of Verona in Italy, whence his alternative name, but it is equally possible that he was from Bavaria or northern Austria, or perhaps the Tyrol.

paragraph: He is presumed to have been a monk in Saint Corbinian's new foundation, Freising Abbey, before in 747 or 748 he was appointed bishop of Freising, the third to hold the office. He had the reputation of a zealous and energetic promoter of the interests of the church, to have had a keen grasp of the importance for the church of acquiring large possessions, and to have been highly effective in attracting donations, especially of land.

paragraph: He was also active as a founder of churches and religious houses. In particular he founded Isen Abbey in 752, and dedicated it to Saint Zeno of Verona. He was also closely involved, after 760, with the respective lay founders in the establishment of Schäftlarn and Scharnitz Abbeys. At Schäftlarn the founders gave him the power of supervision of the monastery and the right to appoint the abbots: his first appointment was Aribo, Joseph's successor as bishop. At Scharnitz he appointed Atto, Aribo's successor as bishop of Freising, also to be highly successful in the acquisition of estates for the diocese.

paragraph: Section::::Tomb and cult.

paragraph: After his death on 17 January 764, Joseph was buried in the church of Isen Abbey, founded by himself, where his tomb was restored in 1743. The church survived the secularisation of Bavaria in 1802-03 and is still in service as St. Zeno's, the parish church of Isen.

paragraph: Joseph is venerated locally as the Blessed Joseph, although he was never formally beatified. His feastday is 17 January.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon, Band 3. Augsburg 1869, online at Zeno.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Encyclopedia: Munich-Freising article

description: Bavarian bishop

wikidata_label: Joseph of Freising

wikipedia_title: Joseph of Freising


text: General

text: British Army

text: Second Boer War

text: First World War

text: British Expeditionary Force

text: Mons

text: Chief of the Imperial General Staff

text: Egyptian Expeditionary Force

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Arabian Peninsula

text: Levant

text: Cheltenham College

text: Royal Military College, Sandhurst

text: 27th Regiment

text: captain

text: Zulu

text: Bedfordshire Regiment

text: Staff College, Camberley

text: major

text: Second Boer War

text: Natal

text: Dundee

text: siege of Ladysmith

text: Sir Archibald Hunter

text: lieutenant colonel

text: Distinguished Service Order

text: mentioned in despatches

text: Commanding Officer

text: Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers

text: Northern Transvaal

text: 1st Division

text: Aldershot

text: colonel

text: Companion of the Order of the Bath

text: King's Birthday Honours

text: Commander of the Royal Victorian Order

text: War Office

text: major general

text: King George V

text: 2nd Division

text: First World War

text: British Expeditionary Force

text: Chief of Staff

text: Wilson

text: Curragh Affair

text: Edmonds

text: Kirke

text: Macdonogh

text: Sir John French

text: Commander-in-Chief

text: Spears

text: Rheims

text: German Empire

text: Kirke

text: Harper

text: Battle of Mons

text: Haig

text: I Corps

text: Smith-Dorrien

text: II Corps

text: Lord Loch

text: 4th Division

text: Snow

text: Battle of Le Cateau

text: Smith-Dorrien

text: Le Cateau

text: Wilson

text: Haig

text: I Corps

text: Joffre

text: Lanrezac

text: General Macready

text: Joffre

text: Gallieni

text: Military governor of Paris

text: Maunoury

text: French Sixth Army

text: First Battle of the Marne

text: British I Corps

text: Franchet d’Esperey

text: French Fifth Army

text: Battle of the Marne

text: Clive

text: Sir John

text: Rawlinson

text: Edmonds

text: Robertson

text: Philip Howell

text: Edmonds

text: New Armies

text: Chief of the Imperial General Staff

text: lieutenant general

text: Ian Hamilton

text: Kitchener

text: Dardanelles

text: Cabinet Secretary

text: Maurice Hankey

text: St John the Baptist

text: Sir William Robertson

text: H. H. Asquith

text: Western

text: coalition Cabinet

text: Augustine Birrell

text: Chief Secretary for Ireland

text: Reginald McKenna

text: Chancellor of the Exchequer

text: Walter Runciman

text: President of the Board of Trade

text: Sir Edward Grey

text: Foreign Secretary

text: Sir John Simon

text: Home Secretary

text: enacted in January 1916

text: British troops in Egypt

text: Egyptian Expeditionary Force

text: Salonika

text: Gallipoli

text: Sarrail

text: General Maxwell

text: Senussi Revolt

text: Easter Rising

text: Suez Canal

text: Romani

text: Sinai Peninsula

text: Sweet Water Canal

text: Nile Delta

text: El Arish

text: Rafa

text: Palestine

text: Jerusalem

text: Beersheba

text: Aleppo

text: T. E. Lawrence

text: Arab Revolt

text: Aqaba

text: Medina

text: Siwa

text: First Battle of Gaza

text: 52nd (Lowland) Division

text: infantry brigade

text: Gaza

text: Imperial Mounted Division

text: Anzac Mounted Division

text: Second Battle of Gaza

text: 53rd (Welsh) Division

text: 54th (East Anglian) Division

text: 74th (Yeomanry) Division

text: yeomanry

text: coastal defence ship

text: monitors

text: Nivelle Offensive

text: February Revolution

text: an escalation of the U-Boat War

text: Edmund Allenby

text: General Officer Commanding

text: Aldershot Command

text: general

text: New Year Honours

text: Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers

text: Reigate

text: Surrey

text: Donald Wolfit

text: "Lawrence of Arabia"

text: blimpish

text: Mount Murray

text: The British Army in Great War

categories: British Army personnel of the Second Boer War,Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers officers,Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George,British Army generals of World War I,Chiefs of the Imperial General Staff,Companions of the Distinguished Service Order,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath,1945 deaths,1860 births,People educated at Cheltenham College,27th Regiment of Foot officers

paragraph: Archibald Murray

paragraph: General Sir Archibald James Murray, (23 April 1860 – 21 January 1945) was a British Army officer who served in the Second Boer War and the First World War. He was Chief of Staff to the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in August 1914 but appears to have suffered a physical breakdown in the retreat from Mons, and was required to step down from that position in January 1915. After serving as Deputy Chief of the Imperial General Staff for much of 1915, he was briefly Chief of the Imperial General Staff from September to December 1915. He was subsequently Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force from January 1916 to June 1917, in which role he laid the military foundation for the defeat and destruction of the Ottoman Empire in the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant.

paragraph: Section::::Army career.

paragraph: Born the son of Charles Murray and Anne Murray (née Graves), and educated at Cheltenham College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Archibald Murray was commissioned into the 27th Regiment on 13 August 1879. He was appointed adjutant of his regiment on 12 February 1886. After promotion to captain on 1 July 1887 and taking part in the suppression of a Zulu uprising in 1888, he became adjutant of the 4th Battalion, the Bedfordshire Regiment on 15 December 1890. He attended Staff College, Camberley in 1897.

paragraph: Promoted to major on 1 June 1898, Murray served in the Second Boer War as Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General for Intelligence in Natal from 9 October 1899 and then as chief of staff to the commander there. He took part in the withdrawal from Dundee and then the siege of Ladysmith in late 1899 and became senior staff officer to Sir Archibald Hunter, General Officer Commanding 10th Division, early in 1900. He was appointed Assistant Adjutant-General on 6 March 1900, promoted to lieutenant colonel on 29 October 1900 and awarded the Distinguished Service Order on 29 November 1900. He was again mentioned in despatches in February 1901.

paragraph: Murray was appointed Commanding Officer of the 2nd Battalion Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, stationed in India, in October 1901, but never took up this position. He was deployed to Northern Transvaal in February 1902 where he was seriously wounded in April 1902 and mentioned in despatches once more in July 1902. After the end of hostilities in South Africa, he returned to England in June 1902, and became Assistant Adjutant-General at Headquarters 1st Division at Aldershot on 3 November 1902. Promoted to colonel on 29 October 1903, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the King's Birthday Honours 1904 and a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order on 12 June 1907.

paragraph: Murray became Director of Military Training at the War Office on 9 November 1907 and, having been promoted to major general on 13 July 1910, he was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the Coronation Honours in June 1911. He also took part in the procession for the coronation of King George V on 22 June 1911. Murray became Inspector of Infantry on 9 December 1912. At the General Staff Conference in January 1914 he rejected proposals to adopt what he saw as a stereotyped French fire-and-movement doctrine. He then briefly commanded 2nd Division from 1 February 1914.

paragraph: Section::::Chief of Staff, British Expeditionary Force, France and Belgium.:Appointment.

paragraph: When the First World War started in July 1914 Murray was not appointed QuarterMaster-General of the British Expeditionary Force as was originally intended. Instead he became Chief of Staff. Murray had already earned a high reputation as a staff officer in South Africa and under French at the War Office. It is sometimes claimed that Murray was given the position largely because French's initial choice for the post, Wilson, was vetoed because of his role in the Curragh Affair. Although this claim was made after the war by Edmonds, Kirke (in his memoir of Macdonogh) and Murray, there is no contemporary evidence, even in Wilson's diary, to confirm it (unlike January 1915, when Wilson was certainly blocked from succeeding Murray for political reasons).

paragraph: Wilson, Sir John French (BEF Commander-in-Chief) and Murray crossed to France on 14 August. The code books had been left behind in London, and Lieutenant Spears had to go back to London for another set. He returned to find Murray at Rheims trying to “unravel” the strategic situation of the German Empire's armies' invasion of France on a set of large maps spread out upon the floor of his hotel room, on all fours, dressed only in his "pants" (underwear), whilst chambermaids came and went.

paragraph: Section::::Chief of Staff, British Expeditionary Force, France and Belgium.:Retreat from Mons.

paragraph: During the retreat of August 1914 the BEF staff, who had not rehearsed their roles, performed poorly. French was a dynamic leader but no manager. Robertson and Kirke recorded that Murray knew little of the plans which Wilson had drawn up with the French and had to work with a staff “almost entirely staffed from the (Military Operations) Directorate” who were used to working with Wilson. This staff included Colonel Harper, GSO1.

paragraph: Murray summoned the Corps Chiefs of Staff at around 1am on 24 August (the night after the Battle of Mons), and ordered them to retreat, but gave them no detailed plans, leaving them to work out the details themselves. French agreed to Haig’s request that I Corps retreat east of the Forest of Mormal (Haig Diary, 24 August) without, apparently, Smith-Dorrien (GOC II Corps) being asked or informed. (Inept staffwork was not unique to GHQ – neither I nor II Corps staff had checked whether or not the Forest of Mormal was occupied by the enemy.) On 24 August Harper refused to do anything for Murray, so that Lord Loch had to write messages even though it was not his job. Loch wrote in his diary for that day that Murray was “by nature petulant” and “difficult to work with”. Murray and his staff were working flat out in intense heat at Bavai, and recorded (24 August) that he had passed 24 hours without undressing or sleeping. Smith-Dorrien visited GHQ to request detailed orders on the evening of 24 August, and had to bully Murray into issuing orders for II Corps to retreat to Le Cateau.

paragraph: Murray noted in his diary (25 August) that GHQ had moved back from Le Cateau to St Quentin and that I Corps was being heavily engaged by night – making no mention of what II Corps were up to. When 4th Division arrived (25 August) Snow’s orders were to help prepare a defensive position on the Cambrai-Le Cateau position, as GHQ had no idea of the seriousness of the situation facing II Corps. 4th Division was eventually able to participate in the Battle of Le Cateau. The news that Smith-Dorrien planned to stand and fight at Le Cateau reached GHQ at 5am on 26 August – French was woken from his sleep, and insisting that Murray not be woken, sent Smith-Dorrien an ambiguous message that he had “a free hand as to the method” by which he fell back, which Smith-Dorrien took as permission to fight.

paragraph: Murray appears to have suffered some kind of physical collapse round about this time, although the details differ between different eyewitness accounts. Wilson recorded that Murray had “completely broken down”, had been given “morphia or some other drug” which made him incapable of work and when told (7am on 26 August) of Smith-Dorrien's decision to stand and fight “promptly got a fainting fit”. Spears' recollection (in 1930) was that Murray had collapsed with a weak pulse, but did not actually faint, when told earlier during the same night (the news later turned out to be exaggerated) that the Germans had fallen upon Haig's I Corps at Landrecies. Spears wrote that Murray was too ill to attend the meeting of Sir John French with Joffre and Lanrezac on 26 August, although Terraine has him attending this meeting. General Macready later recorded that Murray fainted at his desk whilst working at Noyon (where GHQ was based on 27 August).

paragraph: Wilson returned to GHQ on 29 August from a visit to Joffre to find – he claimed – “a perfect debacle” with “Murray leading the fright”.

paragraph: Section::::Chief of Staff, British Expeditionary Force, France and Belgium.:Autumn 1914.

paragraph: On 4 September Murray had an important meeting with Gallieni (Military governor of Paris) and Maunoury (commander, French Sixth Army) to discuss the planned Allied counterattack which would become the First Battle of the Marne. Murray had no idea when Sir John, who was out visiting British I Corps, was to return and was unwilling to make any decision in his absence. After a three-hour meeting a provisional agreement was drawn up; the French came away with the impression that the British would not cooperate and that Murray had "“une grande repugnance”" for them, but he did in fact pass the plans along to Sir John. Whilst this was going on, Wilson was negotiating separate plans with Franchet d’Esperey (French Fifth Army, on the British right).

paragraph: Wilson noted (diary 6 Sep – the day on which the BEF began to advance as part of the Battle of the Marne) that French and Murray “were out motoring and playing the ass all day”. He had to intercede to prevent French from sacking Harper (Wilson diary 7 Sep) but a week later recorded (Wilson diary 14 Sep), that Murray and Harper argued constantly. After a month Murray was still talking of “my men” and “(Wilson’)s men” which Wilson thought “rather sad” and “deplorable” (Clive diary 18 Sep). Wilson thought French and Murray were “between them quite unable to size up a position or to act with constancy for 24 hours” (Wilson diary 28 Sep)

paragraph: Murray complained to Victor Huguet (a French liaison officer serving with the British) about Wilson (6 October), but also told Wilson that French was getting “more unreasonable” and asked Wilson whether he (Murray) should resign; Wilson informed Billy Lambton, French's secretary, of both of these incidents. Murray also (4–5 November) complained and threatened to resign when Wilson amended one of his orders without telling him. Murray later wrote (in 1930) "Why did I stay with (this) War Office clique when I knew I was not wanted? I wanted to see Sir John through. I had been so many years with him, and knew better than anyone how his health, temper and temperament rendered him unfit, in my opinion, for the crisis we had to face. ... the senior members (of GHQ staff) entirely ignored me, as far as possible, continually thwarted me, even altered my instructions." He also claimed that Wilson's disloyalty had left him the impossible job of managing Sir John alone. Rawlinson noted in his diary that Murray became “a cipher at GHQ” (28 Nov 1914), was disliked by his subordinates (4 December) and that Sir John French often ignored his staff “chiefly because Murray is incapable of managing them and getting any good work out of them” (6 Dec 1914). Edmonds later claimed that Murray sometimes falsified the timing of orders, but he was given away by the time stamp which the duty clerk placed on them.

paragraph: Section::::Chief of Staff, British Expeditionary Force, France and Belgium.:Removal.

paragraph: At the end of November and again in mid-December French told Wilson he was thinking of moving Murray to a corps command. Asquith and Kitchener (20 December) forbade French to replace Murray with Wilson. Wilson claimed to have heard Joffre, on a visit to GHQ (27 December), complain that it was “a pity” that Murray had not been removed.

paragraph: Murray was sent off sick for a month (24 January 1915) and French demanded his resignation (25 January 1915), despite Murray insisting that he only needed to take a few days off. Wilson was widely suspected of having plotted for Murray's removal in the vain hope of replacing him, but the job went to Robertson. Although a sore throat prevented him seeing Murray off, French wrote to him (29 January) saying he hoped to see him back as an army commander before long. Haig wrote (diary 26 January) that “Murray was a kindly fellow but not a practical man in the field”.

paragraph: A staff officer, Brigadier General Philip Howell, wrote to his wife (27 Feb 1915) that Murray had been “incompetent, cantankerous, timid & quite useless”. The Official Historian Edmonds later described him as “a complete nonentity”. Richard Holmes described him as "an intelligent, cultivated man" who had not yet recovered from a stomach wound in South Africa.

paragraph: Section::::Chief of the Imperial General Staff.

paragraph: He was made Deputy Chief of the Imperial General Staff on 10 February 1915 and was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George on 18 February 1915. As Deputy CIGS Murray's responsibility was training and organising the New Armies, a job requiring much travel.

paragraph: Murray became Chief of the Imperial General Staff on 26 September 1915. He was promoted to permanent lieutenant general on 28 October 1915. After the war he wrote to Ian Hamilton, criticising Kitchener in harsh terms, writing that “He seldom told the absolute the truth and the whole truth” and that it was not until Kitchener left for his inspection of the Dardanelles that Murray was able to inform the Cabinet that volunteering had fallen far below the level needed to maintain a BEF of 70 divisions, requiring the introduction of conscription. The Cabinet insisted on proper General Staff papers being presented in Kitchener's absence. Murray wrote that “I have never in my forty years’ service done better work than I did during the three months I was CIGS”. Cabinet Secretary Maurice Hankey praised Murray highly as a real “St John the Baptist” to Sir William Robertson, his successor as CIGS.

paragraph: However H. H. Asquith, the Prime Minister, sought changes in senior military positions. Haig, about to be appointed Commander-in-Chief of the BEF (3 December 1915), rejected Kitchener's suggestion that Murray be reappointed as Chief of Staff BEF (the job which Robertson was vacating to become CIGS). In his final days in office Murray issued a paper urging concentration of effort on the Western Front (16 December 1915) which was described by Robertson as the “Bible of the war”. Murray was forced out as CIGS on 23 December 1915 and replaced by Robertson, a strong advocate of the single (Western) front strategy.

paragraph: Murray's advice had been met with dismay from some Liberal members of the coalition Cabinet, who were unhappy at the realignment of Britain's war effort towards total war and a massive commitment of troops to the Western Front. Augustine Birrell (Chief Secretary for Ireland), along with Reginald McKenna (Chancellor of the Exchequer), Walter Runciman (President of the Board of Trade) and Sir Edward Grey (Foreign Secretary) had contemplated joining Sir John Simon (Home Secretary) in resigning in protest at the conscription of bachelors, due to be enacted in January 1916. Birrell wrote to the Prime Minister (29 December) that he and Runciman agreed that finance and “strategic policy as expounded in Murray’s long, unconvincing and frightening paper” were more important than conscription.

paragraph: Section::::Egyptian Command.

paragraph: Section::::Egyptian Command.:1916.

paragraph: In January 1916, Murray was given command of the British troops in Egypt and the Egyptian Expeditionary Force. Egypt was a base for the Salonika and Gallipoli Fronts. In January 1916 Murray was relieved of operational command of (though not logistical responsibility for) British troops at Salonika, which was given to the French General Sarrail. Initially General Maxwell still had command of Western Egypt (facing the Senussi Revolt) until he was sent to Ireland to suppress the Easter Rising.

paragraph: Murray wrote to Robertson (18 March 1916) that the Australians were “from a physical point of view a magnificent body of men” but had “no idea of ordinary decency or self control”.

paragraph: Britain had 300,000 men in Egypt, many of them ANZACs or Gallipoli evacuees, supposedly to guard against a Turkish attack across the Sinai, which Robertson thought logistically unlikely. By July 1916, on Robertson's orders, Murray had shipped out 240,000 of them, including 9 infantry divisions, 3 independent infantry brigades and 9 heavy artillery batteries, most of them going to France, leaving him with 4 Territorial divisions and some mounted troops. 11,000 Indian troops were shipped out, and another division to Mesopotamia and an eleventh to France early in 1917, leaving him with three under-strength infantry divisions and the elements of two more, and two cavalry divisions.

paragraph: Trying to prevent another Turkish attack against the Suez Canal, Murray reorganized his troops and led a counterattack, winning a victory at Romani in August 1916. He now had to advance over the Sinai Peninsula, which consisted of sand in the north, gravel and clay in the centre and mountains in the south. 400 miles of railway, 300 miles of metalled and wire-meshed roads and 300 miles of pipes had to be laid. Drinking water had to be pumped underneath the Suez Canal from the Sweet Water Canal in the Nile Delta, requiring the construction of filtration plants, reservoirs and pumping stations. The line on the frontier was 45 miles in width, half the width of the 80–90 mile front on the Canal. Murray captured El Arish in December and Rafa on the Palestine frontier in January 1917.

paragraph: Section::::Egyptian Command.:1917.

paragraph: Lloyd George wanted to make the destruction of Turkey a major British war aim, and two days after becoming Prime Minister told Robertson that he wanted a major victory, preferably the capture of Jerusalem, to impress British public opinion. Robertson thought the capture of Beersheba should suffice as more divisions were needed in France. However, Robertson was not entirely hostile to efforts in Palestine, telling Murray (31 January 1917) he wanted him to launch a Palestine Offensive in autumn and winter 1917, if the war was still going on then. The object was to sustain public morale and, with a compromise peace leaving Germany in control of the Balkans increasingly possible, to capture Aleppo. Aleppo was more easily reached from Palestine than from Mesopotamia, and her capture would make untenable Turkey's hold on both regions. At this stage Russia was still pinning down many Turkish troops, although the Admiralty were not enthused about suggestions that the Royal Navy make amphibious landings in Palestine. It was agreed to build up Murray's forces to 6 infantry divisions and 2 mounted divisions by the autumn, as well as 16 Imperial Camel Companies and possibly some Indian cavalry from France.

paragraph: Murray was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George on 20 January 1917.

paragraph: It was Murray who authorized T. E. Lawrence's expedition to join the Arab Revolt against the Turks in Arabia, providing monetary and limited military support for Lawrence's attack on Aqaba: initially skeptical of the Revolt's potential, Murray became an ardent supporter of it later in his tenure in Cairo, largely through Lawrence's persuasion. By early 1917 the Turks had also withdrawn from Persia and had pulled back from Medina, which was besieged by the Arabs.

paragraph: Murray completed the defeat of the Senussi (taking Siwa in February 1917).

paragraph: In March 1917 at the First Battle of Gaza a British force under Murray's command comprising 52nd (Lowland) Division reinforced by an infantry brigade from Eastern Force attacked Gaza. While the Imperial Mounted Division held off the Turkish reinforcements, the Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division (Anzac Mounted Division) reinforced the infantry attack and together, they succeeded in entering Gaza from the north and capturing the adjoining hill of Ali Muntar. However the determination of the Turkish defenders and the threat from large Turkish reinforcements approaching from the north and north east ultimately led to decision to withdraw. The First Battle of Gaza had been described as “most successful” by understating British and exaggerating enemy casualties. This led to loss of political confidence in Murray.

paragraph: At the Second Battle of Gaza in April 1917 Murray assembled a larger force comprising the 52nd (Lowland) Division, 53rd (Welsh) Division, the 54th (East Anglian) Division and the recently formed 74th (Yeomanry) Division which was made up of brigades of dismounted yeomanry serving as infantry. However the six British tanks, the British heavy guns and naval gunfire from the French coastal defence ship "Requin" and two British monitors ("M21" and "M31") did little damage and only served to warn the Turks of the imminent British attack which faltered at all points. Again Murray decided to withdraw. The Second Battle of Gaza failed due to lack of artillery.

paragraph: The Second Battle of Gaza coincided with the failure of the Nivelle Offensive, reports of unrest among Russian troops after the February Revolution and an escalation of the U-Boat War (it was thought that loss of shipping might make Egypt untenable) causing Robertson to prefer a return to a defensive policy in the Middle East, although this was not Lloyd George's view.

paragraph: Despite laying the plans for the ultimate defeat of the Turks, Murray was relieved of command and replaced by Edmund Allenby on 29 June 1917. Murray was mentioned in despatches again on 3 November 1917.

paragraph: Section::::After Egypt.

paragraph: Murray was reassigned, becoming General Officer Commanding-in-Chief for Aldershot Command in October 1917 and having been promoted to full general on 25 August 1919, remained in post until 15 November 1919. After retiring from the British Army on 15 November 1922, he was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the New Year Honours 1928.

paragraph: He was also colonel of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers from 22 August 1911.

paragraph: Murray died at his home "Makepeace" at Reigate in Surrey on 21 January 1945.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1890 he married Caroline Helen Sweet; they had one son. Following the death of his first wife he married Mildred Georgina Dooner in 1912.

paragraph: Section::::Culture references.

paragraph: Murray was unsympathetically portrayed by Donald Wolfit in the cinema film "Lawrence of Arabia" as a stereotypical blimpish British general, obsessed with artillery.

paragraph: Mount Murray in the Canadian Rockies was named in his honor in 1918.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: Despatches of General Murray

paragraph: BULLET::::- General Murray's Despatch, 16 January to 31 May 1916

paragraph: BULLET::::- General Murray's Despatch, 1 June to 30 September 1916

paragraph: BULLET::::- General Murray's Despatch, 1 October 1916, to 28 February 1917

paragraph: BULLET::::- General Murray's Despatch, 1 March to 28 June 1917

paragraph: Other

paragraph: BULLET::::- The British Army in Great War

paragraph: BULLET::::- His introduction to "The New Zealanders in Sinai and Palestine"

paragraph: br

description: British army officer, 1860 –1945

wikidata_label: Archibald Murray

wikipedia_title: Archibald Murray


text:
Baltimore, Maryland
pitcher
Moreau Catholic High School
Hayward, California
University of California Berkeley
Texas Christian University
San Diego Padres
Spokane
Northwest League
Yakima
Wichita Wranglers
Texas League
Las Vegas Stars
Pacific Coast League
Colorado Rockies
Los Angeles Dodgers
Philadelphia Phillies
Detroit Tigers
Toledo Mud Hens
Milwaukee Brewers
Huntsville Stars
Reynosa Broncos
Mexican League
Sonoma County Crushers
Western Baseball League
Ohlone College
Fremont, California
Los Angeles Dodgers
Columbus Catfish
Vero Beach Dodgers
Great Lakes Loons
Jacksonville Suns
Chattanooga Lookouts
Albuquerque Isotopes
Venezuelan Winter League

categories: Toledo Mud Hens players,Broncos de Reynosa players,1970 births,Minor league baseball coaches,Philadelphia Phillies players,Detroit Tigers players,American expatriate baseball players in Mexico,Rancho Cucamonga Quakes players,Baseball coaches from Maryland,TCU Horned Frogs baseball players,Spokane Indians players,Sportspeople from Baltimore,Major League Baseball pitchers,Sonoma County Crushers players,Living people,San Diego Padres players,Baseball players from Maryland,Mexican League baseball pitchers,Las Vegas Stars (baseball) players,Huntsville Stars players

paragraph: Glenn Dishman

paragraph: Glenelg Edward Dishman (born November 5, 1970 in Baltimore, Maryland) is a former professional baseball pitcher.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Amateur.

paragraph: He attended Moreau Catholic High School in Hayward, California and went to college at University of California Berkeley and Texas Christian University.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:San Diego Padres.

paragraph: Dishman was signed as an undrafted free agent by the San Diego Padres on May 23, 1993 and reported to their Class-A minor league affiliate at Spokane for the 1993 season. He compiled a record of 6–3, 2.20 ERA in 12 starts (with 2 complete game shut outs) that season and was selected as a "Short Season A All-Star" and a Northwest League All-Star. On July 17 he pitched a no-hitter against Yakima. He came within one out of a perfect game, but his first baseman committed an error

paragraph: In 1994 with the Double-A Wichita Wranglers he was 11–8 in 27 starts with a 2.82 ERA and was a Texas League All-Star. In 1995 with the Las Vegas Stars he was 6–3 in 14 starts with a 2.55 era and won Pacific Coast League All-Star honors.

paragraph: He made his major league debut on June 22, 1995 for the Padres against the Colorado Rockies as a starting pitcher. He worked 5 innings, allowed 3 earned runs and received the loss in the Padres 2–3 defeat. In his next start, against the Los Angeles Dodgers on June 27 he worked 6 innings, allowed 1 earned run, and recorded his first career victory.

paragraph: He alternated between the Padres and Las Vegas for the next couple of seasons.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Philadelphia Phillies.

paragraph: He was picked up on waivers by the Philadelphia Phillies on September 12, 1996. He appeared in 4 games for the Phillies that season and was waived after the season.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Detroit Tigers.

paragraph: Signed by the Detroit Tigers for the 1997 season, he spent most of the season with the Toledo Mud Hens in AAA, appearing in 7 games for the Tigers, 4 as a starter. Released by the Tigers after the season, he did not play for two years.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Milwaukee Brewers.

paragraph: Attempted a comeback with the Milwaukee Brewers Double-A team, the Huntsville Stars, appearing in 42 games for them, only 1 as a starter.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Mexico/Western League.

paragraph: He spent 2001 with the Reynosa Broncos in the Mexican League and the Sinon Bulls in the Taiwan Professional Baseball League. In 2002 with the Sonoma County Crushers of the Western Baseball League.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Coaching.

paragraph: Dishman joined the coaching staff at Ohlone College in Fremont, California in 2004 to begin his coaching career. He then joined the Los Angeles Dodgers organization as pitching coach for the Columbus Catfish in 2005, then was the pitching coach for the Vero Beach Dodgers in 2006, the Great Lakes Loons in 2007, the Jacksonville Suns in 2008, the Chattanooga Lookouts in 2009 and the Albuquerque Isotopes from 2010 to 2014. In 2014 was the Pacific Coast League's pitching coach for the All-Star Game in Durham, North Carolina. In 2015, he was named the pitching coach for the Loons. The Dodgers released him from his contract after the season.

paragraph: He also coached in the Venezuelan Winter League in 2011 and Hawaiian Winter League in 2006.

paragraph: Dishman then joined the LA Dodgers organization as a pitching coach for their minor league teams.

paragraph: During the spring training in 2016, Dishman was hired by the San Francisco Giants in order to be the rookie league in Phoenix, AZ pitching coach, a position he still holds

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Glenn Dishman

wikipedia_title: Glenn Dishman