text:
synchronized swimming
Esther Williams
Annette Kellerman
Bill Bachrach
Century of Progress

categories: Sportspeople from Milwaukee,Synchronized swimming,1897 births,Wilbur Wright College faculty,1980 deaths,Sportspeople from Madison, Wisconsin

paragraph: Katherine Whitney Curtis

paragraph: Katherine Whitney Curtis (January 4, 1897 - July 6, 1980), also spelled "Katharine" or "Kay" Curtis, is widely credited as the originator of synchronized swimming. While historical figures such as Esther Williams and Annette Kellerman are recognized for similar contributions, important historical details regarding the origin of the word "Synchronized Swimming," its reference to the Olympic sport, and the technical structure of that sport are all credited to Curtis.

paragraph: The only descendants of Katherine's family survive through her nephew, Gaylord Whitney, in central Ohio. Her great-grand nephew, Jordan Whitney Wei, is both the writer and primary researcher for her first comprehensive biography.

paragraph: Kay Curtis introduced synchronized swimming in 1934 at the Chicago World's Fair with Norman Ross as her announcer. To her, synchronized swimming was a co-ed sport as it still might be if she hadn't been transferred overseas (1943-1962) with the Red Cross as recreational director. One of her early disciples was Hal Henning. She staged a production for the Armed Forces in the spectacular fountains and pools and gardens of the palace built by the Kings of the Two Sicilys and used as Allied headquarters in Caserta, Italy. When she finally returned home in 1962 after observing synchronized swimming all over Europe, her baby was a full-blown sport and has been a dominant American aquatic sport and art form ever since. Her pioneer book "Rhythmic Swimming" (1936) was a classic textbook on the sport she originated. Her no nonsense ability to say it like it is made her not only the tough mother of synchronized swimming but led the late Bill Bachrach to call Kay Curtis "the only person I was ever jealous of in swimming".

paragraph: Section::::Childhood.

paragraph: Kay Curtis was born Katharine Townsend Whitney in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on January 4, 1897. She was the daughter of Lee Rankin Whitney and Anne Townsend Whitney. Her father, Lee Whitney, was Chief Clerk of the Milwaukee branch of the Federal Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. While Katharine and her siblings (two brothers and one sister) were still young their mother moved them to Delafield, Wisconsin, while their father remained in Milwaukee. When Katharine was of high school age, her mother moved the family to Madison, Wisconsin.

paragraph: Katharine was an outstanding athlete during her high school years. On August 4, 1912, she swam across Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, a distance of three and one-half miles, in three hours and forty minutes, a remarkable accomplishment because she had to battle headwinds the entire distance. Three male swimmers who started with her were forced out before half the distance was accomplished. During the summer months of her high school career, Katharine was employed as a playground instructor by the Madison public schools.

paragraph: Section::::Education and early career.

paragraph: Katharine graduated from Madison's high school in June 1913 and entered the University of Wisconsin-Madison that fall. She attended college there until 1917, majoring in home economics and physical education, but did not take a degree. Between June and September 1917 she served as a swimming instructor at the University of Chicago. Her next job (September 1917 to June 1918) was as a physical education instructor at public schools in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Brief tenures of employment in physical education followed at Chico State Teachers College in Chico, California (the summer of 1918), the University of Chicago (August–September 1918), the Summit School for Girls in St. Paul, Minnesota (September 1918-June 1919), and again at the University of Chicago (the summer of 1919). Between September 1919 and June 1921, she taught physical education at The Principia, a private high school and college in St. Louis, Missouri. During this time she also served as a coach at Camp Chocora in Tamworth, New Hampshire (the summer of 1920). The summer of 1921 found her as a swimming coach at Camp Minewonka at Three Lakes, Wisconsin.

paragraph: Katharine returned to Chicago in September 1921, where she was employed in retail sales at the Moore Company until the following December, at which point she was hired by the Chicago Public Schools as an elementary-level physical education teacher, serving until June 1922. The summer of 1922 was spent coaching at Camp Minewonka. Katharine then enrolled at the University of Chicago in September 1923 to complete work on a Bachelor of Science degree, which she obtained on June 16, 1925. While working on her degree she was also employed by the U. of C. as a physical education instructor, and continued in that capacity until June 1927. Summer jobs as a swimming coach were held during this period at Camp Pinemere in Minocqua, Wisconsin

paragraph: (the summer of 1925), and at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor (June 1926).

paragraph: Section::::Developing synchronized swimming.

paragraph: Upon leaving the University of Chicago in June 1927, Katharine coached swimming at the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa for a month. She then returned to Chicago that fall and began a fifteen-year career with the Chicago Public Schools, serving as a physical education instructor at the junior high and college levels. While on the faculty of Wright College in Chicago, she began developing a form of water pageantry that came to be known as synchronized swimming. She organized and trained the Kay Curtis Modern Mermaids, a swimming act of thirty girls who performed at the world's fair (Century of Progress International Exposition) in Chicago in 1933-1934. In 1936, she published a book on synchronized swimming, entitled "Rhythmic Swimming" (Minneapolis: Burgess Publishing Company). In January 1937, Katharine was divorced from George W. Curtis. No children resulted from the marriage. Katharine retained her husband's name for the remainder of her life. During these Chicago years, she also received a Masters degree from DePaul University.

paragraph: Section::::World War II.

paragraph: In May 1942, Curtis joined the American Red Cross. Her initial assignments were as Assistant Director of First Aid in Chicago (summer of 1942) and as a Club Director in Washington, D.C., until February 1943, when she was shipped to North Africa. She was stationed in Casablanca, Morocco, as a military recreations official before transferring to Sicily, Italy, in September 1943. Positions in Italy followed at Palmero (August–December 1943), at Capri (December 1943-May 1944), at San Spirito (May–August 1944), and at Caserta (November 1944-September 1945). While at Caserta, Curtis organized an "Aquacade," which was staged on June 16 and 17, 1945. As a Red Cross official, Curtis worked with military officers of all ranks, including General Patton and General Eisenhower.

paragraph: Curtis was assigned to Marsailles, France, in October 1945 as Assistant Area Supervisor of Red Cross clubs, remaining there until early 1946. After returning briefly to Chicago's Wright College, the Red Cross requested that she serve in occupied Germany, and she arrived in Nurenburg in December 1946, where she supervised Red Cross service clubs in the area. The U.S. Army Special Services Unit assumed control of the service clubs in September 1947, and Curtis thereupon became Chief of the Leave Activities Section, Special Services, U.S. Army. Her duties included coordination between European bureaus of tourism, private travel agencies, and groups of U.S. armed forces personnel. Curtis became known as the "travel lady" to many servicemen and women as she assisted them with travel arrangements. Curtis remained with the Special Services Unit until September 1962, when she retired and settled in the Washington Island (Wisconsin) cottage which her mother had occupied for many years, named Ferda Lokin (which means "Journey's End).

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: Curtis continued to travel extensively both in the U.S. and Europe and receiving awards for her pioneering career in synchronized swimming. In June 1959, she had become the first recipient of the Helms Synchronized Swimming Hall of Fame Award, and in May 1979, was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in Florida.

paragraph: Even while "retired" on Washington Island, Curtis was busy, being called upon by various civic groups (arts councils, nature groups, Four-H Clubs) to assist or lead them in funding campaigns and building programs. In 1970 Curtis sold her Washington Island house, and moved to Florida in order to escape demands on her time, but did not care for the heat and humidity there. In July 1975, she returned to Washington Island, where she rented a house.

paragraph: In the late 1970s, Curtis faced a recurrence of cancer, which she had first battled in the late 1960s. She died on July 6, 1980, in Wisconsin, and her ashes were scattered on Washington Island.

description: synchronized swimmer

wikidata_label: Katherine Whitney Curtis

wikipedia_title: Katherine Whitney Curtis


text:
dressage
2014 World Equestrian Games
2013 European Dressage Championship
Herning

categories: Living people,Belgian female equestrians,Belgian dressage riders,1985 births

paragraph: Julie de Deken

paragraph: Julie de Deken (born 13 December 1985) is a Belgian dressage rider. Representing Belgium, she competed at the 2014 World Equestrian Games and at the 2013 European Dressage Championship.

paragraph: Her current best championship result is 7th place in team dressage from the 2013 Europeans held in Herning while her current best individual result is 37th place from the same championship.

description: dressage rider

wikidata_label: Julie de Deken

wikipedia_title: Julie de Deken


text:
Colombian-American
EP
Por Vida
Isolation
Alexandria, Virginia
Pereira, Colombia
conflict in Colombia
T. C. Williams High School
mixtape
doo-wop
reggae
R&B
Snoop Dogg
That's My Work Volume 3
EP
Por Vida
iTunes
Diplo
Tyler, the Creator
Kaytranada
BadBadNotGood
Leon Bridges
Gorillaz
Humanz
Jorja Smith
Outside Lands Music and Arts Festival
Pop Montreal
Reykon
Lana Del Rey
LA to the Moon Tour
Latin Grammy Award
Juanes
Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance
60th Annual Grammy Awards
Get You
Daniel Caesar
The Tonight Show
Isolation
Ella Fitzgerald
Billie Holiday
Curtis Mayfield
Loose Ends
Ralfi Pagan
Irma Thomas
Depop
Instagram
Medellín
Isolation
The Kali & Jorja Tour
Leon Bridges
Lana Del Rey
LA to the Moon Tour

categories: Singers from Virginia,American singer-songwriters,People from Pereira, Colombia,21st-century American singers,Musicians from Alexandria, Virginia,Colombian female singers,American female pop singers,1994 births,Colombian singer-songwriters,American people of Colombian descent,Songwriters from Virginia,Living people,American female singer-songwriters

paragraph: Kali Uchis

paragraph: Karly-Marina Loaiza (born July 17, 1994), known professionally as Kali Uchis, is a Colombian-American singer and songwriter. She debuted in the music industry with her 2012 mixtape, "Drunken Babble", which was described as "genre-defying". She released her first EP, "Por Vida", in 2015 to further recognition. Her debut studio album, "Isolation", was released in 2018 to widespread acclaim.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Karly-Marina Loaiza was born on July 17, 1994 in Alexandria, Virginia. Her parents moved from Pereira, Colombia to the United States in the early 1990s, fleeing the conflict in Colombia. Uchis and her family moved around back and forth between the U.S. and Colombia. She started elementary school in Colombia and moved back to the U.S. in third grade. While growing up, she learned to play piano and saxophone. Uchis participated in a jazz band, before her graduation from T. C. Williams High School. Uchis often skipped classes to spend time at the photo lab, making experimental short films. Her interest in photography led to her creating mix-tape cover art. She also wrote poetry, songs and music, but did not initially intend to sing, being rather more interested in directing films than being in the spotlight. She was given the nickname "Kali Uchis" by her father.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2012–2016: "Drunken Babble" and "Por Vida".

paragraph: Shortly after graduating, Uchis released her debut mixtape, "Drunken Babble", on August 1, 2012. The mixtape was described as "genre-defying", noted for its influences from doo-wop, reggae and early 2000s R&B. In 2014, she collaborated with rapper Snoop Dogg on the song "On Edge" for his mixtape, "That's My Work Volume 3".

paragraph: In February 2015, Uchis released her debut EP "Por Vida" for free download on her official website, and later on iTunes. The project featured production from various musicians, including Diplo, Tyler, the Creator, Kaytranada and BadBadNotGood. She embarked on her first tour during October 2015 with Leon Bridges, touring through the United States and parts of Canada.

paragraph: In 2016, her song "Sycamore Tree" from "Por Vida" was used in teasers for the television series "".

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2017–present: "Isolation".

paragraph: On April 28, 2017, Gorillaz's fifth studio album, "Humanz," was released, which included songs that feature Uchis, namely, "She's My Collar", and the bonus track, "Ticker Tape".

paragraph: On May 22, 2017, Uchis released "Tyrant", featuring English singer Jorja Smith, to serve as the first single from her then-upcoming debut studio album. On June 20, she announced her first headlining tour, specifically a North American tour in support of the album. The tour took place from August to October 2017, starting at the Outside Lands Music and Arts Festival in San Francisco, with a stop at the Pop Montreal music festival. Uchis then released "Nuestro Planeta", featuring Reykon, as the second single from the album on August 25, 2017.

paragraph: On September 27, 2017, Lana Del Rey announced that Uchis would be joining her as an opening act on select North American arena dates of her world tour, the LA to the Moon Tour. Uchis supported Del Rey from January 15, 2018, to February 16, 2018.

paragraph: In October 2017, Uchis was nominated for a Latin Grammy Award for Record of the Year for "El Ratico", her collaboration with Colombian musician Juanes. She was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards for "Get You", her collaboration with Canadian singer Daniel Caesar.

paragraph: On March 14, 2018, Uchis performed on "The Tonight Show" and announced her debut album, "Isolation". It was officially released worldwide on April 6, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.:Influences.

paragraph: Uchis stated that she is influenced by music of the 1960s, with its mix of early soul, R&B and doo-wop, saying: "Musically and aesthetically, the culture of it just inspires me." She also mentioned that she enjoys jazz, stating during her career beginnings that she draws musical inspiration from Ella Fitzgerald and Billie Holiday. Other musicians she cited as influences on her sound are Curtis Mayfield, Loose Ends, Ralfi Pagan and Irma Thomas.

paragraph: Section::::Philanthropy.

paragraph: In 2018, Uchis started selling clothing through social shopping app Depop and donated the proceeds to communities around her hometown. On an Instagram post, she captioned "in my hometown of co[lombia] i was able to contribute medicine, groceries, school supplies, new shoes, household appliances, & even make house modifications for some families suffering from disabilities, illness, & others who had nothing after fleeing from guerrilla warfare". In early August 2018, Uchis and her family in Pereira planned to work and help with communities in her hometown, Pereira, and in Medellín.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Isolation" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::Concert tours.

paragraph: Headlining

paragraph: BULLET::::- North American Tour (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- In Your Dreams Tour (2018)

paragraph: Co-headlining

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Kali & Jorja Tour (2019)

paragraph: Supporting

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leon Bridges – Coming Home Tour (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lana Del Rey – LA to the Moon Tour (2018)

description: Colombian-American singer, songwriter, record producer, music video director, and fashion designer

wikidata_label: Kali Uchis

wikipedia_title: Kali Uchis


text:
House of Commons of England
Lezant
manor
Trefusis
Mylor
Falmouth
Baron Clinton
Heanton Satchville, Huish
Member of Parliament
Newport
Short Parliament
Cornwall
Long Parliament
Pride's Purge

categories: English MPs 1628–1629,English MPs 1640–1648,1640s deaths,People of the Stuart period,Members of the pre-1707 English Parliament for constituencies in Cornwall,English MPs 1640 (April)

paragraph: Nicholas Trefusis

paragraph: Nicholas Trefusis (died c. 1648) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons of England variously between 1628 and 1648.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: Nicholas Trefusis was the last of the line of a branch of the Trefusis family living at Lezant in Cornwall. The Trefusis family originated at the manor of Trefusis in the parish of Mylor, near Falmouth, in Cornwall. The present representative of the Trefusis family is Baron Clinton, of Heanton Satchville, Huish, Devon, the largest private landowner in Devon.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Trefusis was elected as Member of Parliament for Newport in Cornwall in 1628 and held the seat until 1629 when King Charles I decided to rule without parliament. In April 1640 Trefusis was re-elected as MP for Newport for the Short Parliament. In 1646 was elected as MP for Cornwall as a replacement in the Long Parliament for Royalists who had lost their lives, but was excluded in Pride's Purge in 1648.

paragraph: Trefusis made his will in 1647 and died thereafter.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages & progeny.

paragraph: He married and had two daughters.

description: English politician

wikidata_label: Nicholas Trefusis

wikipedia_title: Nicholas Trefusis


text: Southern California

text: Woody Guthrie

text: The Waltons

text: Frankfort, Indiana

text: botanist

text: master's degree

text: University of Chicago

text: Lambda Chi Alpha

text: tent show

text: riverboats

text: left

text: Sheldon Dick

text: silicosis

text: Harry Hay

text: San Francisco General Strike

text: Much Ado About Nothing

text: Marc Blitzstein

text: The Cradle Will Rock

text: John Steinbeck

text: Of Mice and Men

text: Winchester '73

text: Wyatt Earp

text: Broken Arrow

text: Comanche Territory

text: Bright Victory

text: Communist Party of the United States

text: Harry Hay

text: 1934 West Coast waterfront strike

text: People's World

text: Civilian Conservation Corps

text: folk singer

text: Burl Ives

text: Woody Guthrie

text: Daily Worker

text: Folkways Records

text: Pete Seeger

text: Group Theatre (New York)

text: Harold Clurman

text: Cheryl Crawford

text: Lee Strasberg

text: Mephistopheles

text: the Devil

text: Norman Corwin

text: The Plot to Overthrow Christmas

text: Bright Horizon

text: blacklisted

text: House Committee on Un-American Activities

text: Salt of the Earth

text: Theatricum Botanicum

text: Topanga, California

text: Herta Ware

text: Shakespeare

text: American Shakespeare Festival

text: Stratford, Connecticut

text: Broadway

text: Tony Award

text: Best Featured Actor in a Musical

text: 110 in the Shade

text: Jeremiah Johnson

text: Robert Redford

text: Edgar Bergen

text: Emmy for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series

text: Nichols, Connecticut

text: Solana Beach, California

text: Ellen Corby

text: Herta Ware

text: Jack Gilford

text: Cocoon

text: Ellen Geer

text: respiratory failure

text: This Land Is Your Land

text: Robert Frost

text: cremated

text: Theatricum Botanicum

text: Misleading Lady

text: Spitfire

text: Wild Gold

text: The Mystery of Edwin Drood

text: Union Pacific

text: The Fight for Life

text: Deep Waters

text: The Chevrolet Tele-Theatre

text: Johnny Allegro

text: Lust for Gold

text: Anna Lucasta

text: Intruder in the Dust

text: The Kid from Texas

text: Comanche Territory

text: Winchester '73

text: It's a Small World

text: Broken Arrow

text: Convicted

text: To Please a Lady

text: Double Crossbones

text: Bright Victory

text: The Tall Target

text: Racket Squad

text: The Barefoot Mailman

text: Salt of the Earth

text: The Searchers

text: Mobs, Inc.

text: Advise and Consent

text: East Side/West Side

text: Black Like Me

text: The Trials of O'Brien

text: Seconds

text: Garrison's Gorillas

text: In Cold Blood

text: The President's Analyst

text: I Spy

text: Run for Your Life

text: Of Mice and Men

text: The Invaders

text: Bandolero!

text: Gunsmoke

text: Certain Honorable Men

text: Mayberry R.F.D.

text: Here Come the Brides

text: Bonanza

text: Hawaii Five-O

text: Then Came Bronson

text: Daniel Boone

text: The Reivers

text: I Walk The Line

text: The Name of the Game

text: The Brotherhood of the Bell

text: Pieces of Dreams

text: The Bill Cosby Show

text: Medical Center

text: Love, American Style

text: Brother John

text: Cade's County

text: Alias Smith and Jones

text: O'Hara, U.S. Treasury

text: The Jimmy Stewart Show

text: The Waltons

text: Dear Dead Delilah

text: The Scarecrow

text: Bewitched

text: Jeremiah Johnson

text: The Rowdyman

text: Napoleon and Samantha

text: Night Gallery

text: Columbo: A Stitch in Crime

text: Harry O

text: Savage

text: Kung Fu

text: Isn't It Shocking?

text: Doc Elliot

text: Executive Action

text: The Hanged Man

text: Hurricane

text: The Manchu Eagle Murder Caper Mystery

text: The Night That Panicked America

text: The Blue Bird

text: Moving Violation

text: Hollywood on Trial

text: Starsky & Hutch

text: Hee Haw

text: The Billion Dollar Hobo

text: Eight Is Enough

text: The Love Boat

text: A Woman Called Moses

text: The Mafu Cage

text: Smithsonian Folkways

text: Folkways Records

text: Almanac Singers

text: Discography

categories: Male actors from Los Angeles County, California,Members of the Communist Party USA,People from Topanga, California,Deaths from respiratory failure,Bisexual male actors,American male television actors,American male film actors,Hollywood blacklist,LGBT entertainers from the United States,1902 births,Male actors from Indiana,Disease-related deaths in California,LGBT people from Indiana,Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Award winners,1978 deaths,People from Frankfort, Indiana

paragraph: Will Geer

paragraph: Will Geer (born William Aughe Ghere, March 9, 1902 – April 22, 1978) was an American actor and social activist, who was active in labor organizing and other movements in New York and Southern California in the 1930s and 1940s. In California he befriended rising singer Woody Guthrie. They both lived in New York for a time in the 1940s. He was blacklisted in the 1950s by HUAC for refusing to name persons who had joined the Communist Party.

paragraph: Geer acted on stage in New York and eastern theatres, and in California for film. He is best-known as an actor for his later portrayal of Grandpa Zebulon Tyler Walton in the 1970s TV series "The Waltons".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Geer was born in Frankfort, Indiana, the son of Katherine (née Aughe), a teacher, and Roy Aaron Ghere, a postal worker. His father left the family when he was only 11 years old. He was deeply influenced by his grandfather, who taught him the botanical names of the plants in his native state. Geer started out to become a botanist, studying the subject and obtaining a master's degree at the University of Chicago. While at Chicago, he also became a member of Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity.

paragraph: Anglicizing his name, Geer began his acting career touring in tent shows and on riverboats. He worked on several left-oriented documentaries, including narrating Sheldon Dick's "Men and Dust", about silicosis among miners.

paragraph: Geer became involved with Harry Hay, a homosexual activist. In 1934, Hay met Geer at the Tony Pastor Theatre, where Geer worked as an actor. They became lovers, and Hay credited Geer as his political mentor. Hay and Geer participated in a milk strike in Los Angeles. There Hay was first exposed to radical gay activism in the person of "Clarabelle", a drag queen who held court in the Bunker Hill neighborhood and who hid Hay from police. Later that year, Hay and Geer performed in support of the San Francisco General Strike, where they witnessed police firing on strikers, killing two.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Geer made his Broadway debut as Pistol in a 1928 production of "Much Ado About Nothing", created the role of Mr. Mister in Marc Blitzstein's "The Cradle Will Rock", played Candy in John Steinbeck's theatrical adaptation of his novella "Of Mice and Men", and appeared in numerous plays and revues throughout the 1940s. From 1948 to 1951, he appeared in more than a dozen movies, including "Winchester '73" (as Wyatt Earp), "Broken Arrow", "Comanche Territory" (all 1950) and "Bright Victory" (1951).

paragraph: Geer became a member of the Communist Party of the United States in 1934. Geer was also influential in introducing Harry Hay to organizing in the Communist Party. In 1934, Geer and Hay gave support to a labor strike of the port of San Francisco; the 1934 West Coast waterfront strike which lasted 83 days. Though marred by violence, it was an organizing triumph, one that became a model for future union strikes. Geer became a reader of the West Coast Communist newspaper "People's World".

paragraph: Geer became a dedicated activist, touring government work camps of the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s with folk singers such as Burl Ives and Woody Guthrie (whom he introduced to the "People's World" and the "Daily Worker". Guthrie later wrote a column for the latter paper). In 1956, the duo released an album together on Folkways Records, titled "Bound for Glory: Songs and Stories of Woody Guthrie." In his biography, Harry Hay described Geer's activism and described their activities while organizing for the strike. Geer is credited with introducing Guthrie to Pete Seeger at the 'Grapes of Wrath' benefit which Geer organized in 1940 for migrant farm workers.

paragraph: Geer acted with the Group Theatre (New York) studying under Harold Clurman, Cheryl Crawford and Lee Strasberg. Geer also acted in radio, appearing as Mephistopheles (the Devil) in the 1938 and 1944 productions of Norman Corwin's "The Plot to Overthrow Christmas". He also acted in the radio soap opera "Bright Horizon".

paragraph: Section::::Blacklist.

paragraph: Geer was blacklisted in the early 1950s for refusing to testify before the House Committee on Un-American Activities. As a result, Geer appeared in very few films over the next decade. Among them was "Salt of the Earth" (1954) which starred and was produced, directed and written by blacklisted Hollywood personnel. It told the story of a miners' strike in New Mexico from a pro-union standpoint. The film was denounced as "subversive," and faced difficulties in its production and distribution as a consequence.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: In 1951 Geer founded the Will Geer Theatricum Botanicum in Topanga, California, with his wife, Herta Ware. He combined his acting and botanical careers at the Theatricum, cultivating every plant mentioned in Shakespeare's plays.

paragraph: During the late 1950s and early 1960s, Geer played several seasons at the American Shakespeare Festival in Stratford, Connecticut. In addition, he created a second "Shakespeare Garden" on the theater's grounds.

paragraph: By this time he was also working sporadically again on Broadway. In 1964 he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical for "110 in the Shade". In 1972, he played the part of "Bear Claw" in "Jeremiah Johnson" along with Robert Redford. In 1972, he was cast as Zebulon Walton, the family patriarch on "The Waltons," a role he took over from Edgar Bergen, who played the character in the pilot. He won an Emmy for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for "The Waltons" in 1975.

paragraph: Geer maintained a garden at his vacation house, called Geer-Gore Gardens, in Nichols, Connecticut. He visited often and attended the local Fourth of July fireworks celebrations, sometimes wearing a black top hat or straw hat and always his trademark denim overalls with only one suspender hooked. Geer also had a small vacation house in Solana Beach, California, where his front and back yards were cultivated as vegetable gardens rather than lawns.

paragraph: When Geer died, shortly after completing the sixth season of "The Waltons", the death of his character was written into the show's script. His final episode, the last episode of the 1977–78 season, depicted his being reunited with his onscreen wife Esther (played by Ellen Corby; she had been absent for the entire season, due to a stroke). Geer's character was mourned onscreen during the first episode of the 1978–79 season.

paragraph: His former wife, actress Herta Ware, was best known for her performance as the wife of Jack Gilford in the film "Cocoon" (1985). Geer and Ware had three children, Kate Geer, Thad Geer, and actress Ellen Geer. Ware also had a daughter, actress Melora Marshall, from another marriage. Although Geer and Ware eventually divorced, they remained close for the rest of their lives.

paragraph: As Will Geer was dying on April 22, 1978, of respiratory failure at the age of 76, his family sang Woody Guthrie's "This Land Is Your Land" and recited poems by Robert Frost at his deathbed. Geer's remains were cremated; his ashes are buried at the Theatricum Botanicum in the "Shakespeare Garden" in Topanga Canyon, near Santa Monica, California.

paragraph: Section::::TV and filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Misleading Lady" (1932) as McMahon – Asylum Guard

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spitfire" (1934) as West Fry

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wild Gold" (1934) as Poker Player (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mystery of Edwin Drood" (1935) as Village Lamplighter (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Union Pacific" (1939) as Foreman (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fight for Life" (1940) as 2nd Teacher

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deep Waters" (1948) as Nick Driver

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Chevrolet Tele-Theatre" (1948) as Sam Hobbs

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Johnny Allegro" (1949) as Schultzy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lust for Gold" (1949) as Deputy Ray Covin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anna Lucasta" (1949) as Noah

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Intruder in the Dust" (1949) as Sheriff Hampton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Kid from Texas" (1950) as O'Fallon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Comanche Territory" (1950) as Dan'l Seeger

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Winchester '73" (1950) as Wyatt Earp

paragraph: BULLET::::- "It's a Small World" (1950) as William Musk – Father

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Broken Arrow" (1950) as Ben Slade

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Convicted" (1950) as Convict Mapes

paragraph: BULLET::::- "To Please a Lady" (1950) as Jack Mackay

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Double Crossbones" (1951) as Tom Botts

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bright Victory" (1951) as Mr. Lawrence Nevins

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tall Target" (1951) as Homer Crowley – Train Conductor

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Racket Squad" (1951) as Harry Robinson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Barefoot Mailman" (1951) as Dan Paget – Miami Mayor / Postmaster

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Salt of the Earth" (1954) as Sheriff

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Searchers" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mobs, Inc." (1956) as Harry Robinson (archive footage)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Advise and Consent" (1962) as Senate Minority Leader

paragraph: BULLET::::- "East Side/West Side" (1964) as Brian Lincoln

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Like Me" (1964) as Truckdriver

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Trials of O'Brien" (1966) as Judge Lindemann / Sheldon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Seconds" (1966) as Old Man

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Crucible" (1967) as Giles

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Garrison's Gorillas" (1967) as Laski

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Cold Blood" (1967) as Prosecutor

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The President's Analyst" (1967) as Dr. Lee-Evans

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Spy" (1968) as Uncle Harry

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Run for Your Life" (1968) as Judge David P. Andrews

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Of Mice and Men" (1968) as Candy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1968) as Doc

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Invaders" (1968) as Hank Willis

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bandolero!" (1968) as Pop Chaney

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gunsmoke" (1968) as Slocum

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Certain Honorable Men" (1968) as Malcolm Stoddard

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mayberry R.F.D." (1969) as Captain Wolford

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Here Come the Brides" (1969) as Benjamin Pruitt

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bonanza" (1969–1971) as Ferris Callahan / Zach Randolph / Calvin Butler

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hawaii Five-O" (1969) as Professor Harold Lochner

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Then Came Bronson" (1969) as Oliver Hidemann

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daniel Boone" (1969) as Adam

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Reivers" (1969) as Boss

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Walk The Line" (1970) (Grandpa Tawes voice dub)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Name of the Game" (1970) as Mac

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Moonshine War" (1970) as Mr. Baylor

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Brotherhood of the Bell" (1970) as Mike Patterson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pieces of Dreams" (1970) as The Bishop

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1970–1971) as Elliot Leveridge / Judge Scanlon / Ralph Turner

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bill Cosby Show" (1970) as Mr. Kane

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Medical Center" (1970–1974) as Coughlin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shooting the Moonshine War" (1970) as Himself (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sam Hill: Who Killed Mr. Foster?" (1971) as Simon Anderson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love, American Style" (1971) as Desk Clerk (segment "Love and the Pulitzer Prize")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brother John" (1971) as Doc Thomas

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cade's County" (1971) as Hurley Gaines

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alias Smith and Jones" (1971) as Seth

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O'Hara, U.S. Treasury" (1971) as Singlefoot

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Jimmy Stewart Show" (1971) as Uncle Everett

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Waltons" (TV series) (1972–1978) as Zebulon Tyler Walton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dear Dead Delilah" (1972) as Roy Jurroe

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Scarecrow" (1972) as Justice Gilead Merton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bewitched" (1972) as President George Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sixth Sense" (1972) as Rev. Jordan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jeremiah Johnson" (1972) as Bear Claw

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rowdyman" (1972) as Stan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Napoleon and Samantha" (1972) as Grandpa

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Night Gallery" (1973) as Walt Peckinpah

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Columbo: A Stitch in Crime" (1973) as Dr. Edmund Hidemann

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brock's Last Case" (1973) as J. Smiley Krenshaw

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Harry O" (1973) as Len McNeil

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Savage" (1973) as Joel Ryker

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Gift of Terror" (Made for TV Film) (1973) as Ben

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kung Fu" (1973) as Judge Emmitt Marcus

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Isn't It Shocking?" (1973) as Lemuel Lovell

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Doc Elliot" (1973) as Paul Bartlett

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Executive Action" (1973) as Harold Ferguson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Hanged Man" (1974) as Nameless

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Silence" (1974) as Crazy Jack

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Honky Tonk" (1974) as Judge Cotton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Memory of Us" (1974) as Motel Manager

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hurricane" (1974) as Dr. McCutcheon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Manchu Eagle Murder Caper Mystery" (1975) as Dr. Simpson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Night That Panicked America" (1975) as Reverend Davis

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Blue Bird" (1976) as Grandfather

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Law and Order" (1976) as Pat Crowley

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Moving Violation" (1976) as Rockfield

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hollywood on Trial" (1976) as Himself

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Starsky & Hutch" (1976) as Commodore Atwater

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hee Haw" (1976) as Himself

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Billion Dollar Hobo" (1977) as Choo-Choo Trayne

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eight Is Enough" (1977) as Sam

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Love Boat" (1977) as Franklyn Bootherstone

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Woman Called Moses" (1978) as Thomas Garrett

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Unknown Powers" (1978) as Host

paragraph: BULLET::::- "CBS: On the Air" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mafu Cage" (1979) as Zom

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Folkways: The Original Vision" (2005) Smithsonian Folkways

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ecology Won: Readings by Will Geer and Ellen Geer" (1978) Folkways Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Woody's Story: As Told by Will Geer and Sung by Dick Wingfield" (1976) Folkways Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- "American History in Ballad and Song, Vol.2" (1962) Folkways Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mark Twain: Readings from the Stories and from "Huckleberry Finn"" (1961) Folkways Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hootenanny at Carnegie Hall" (1960) Folkways Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bound for Glory: Songs and Stories of Woody Guthrie" (1956) Folkways Records

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Almanac Singers

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Discography of Will Geer on Folkways

description: American actor and activist

wikidata_label: Will Geer

wikipedia_title: Will Geer


text:
2008 Summer Olympics
2012 Summer Olympics
London
Pan American Games
Commonwealth Games
Grimsby, Ontario
Beamsville, Ontario
Brock University
St. Catharines
Marty Calder
silver medal
2004 Summer Olympics
freestyle women's wrestling
55 kg category
2008 Summer Olympics
Canada's third medal overall
2012 Summer Olympics
Geeta Phogat
Women's 55 kg freestyle
Saori Yoshida
Wrestling in Canada
Athlete bio on CBC.ca
Canadian Amateur Wrestling Association
Tonya Verbeek
Ontario Amateur Wrestling Association
Tonya Verbeek on Real Champions

categories: Sportspeople from Ontario,Wrestlers at the 2007 Pan American Games,Universiade medalists in wrestling,Pan American Games bronze medalists for Canada,Canadian people of German descent,Commonwealth Games medallists in wrestling,Canadian sportswomen,Wrestlers at the 2004 Summer Olympics,Wrestlers at the 2010 Commonwealth Games,Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Canada,Wrestlers at the 2008 Summer Olympics,Olympic medalists in wrestling,Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics,Olympic bronze medalists for Canada,Wrestlers at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Olympic wrestlers of Canada,1977 births,Brock Badgers wrestlers,Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics,People from Grimsby, Ontario,Olympic silver medalists for Canada,Pan American Games silver medalists for Canada,Canadian people of Dutch descent,Living people,Canadian female sport wrestlers,World Wrestling Championships medalists,Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Pan American Games medalists in wrestling,Wrestlers at the 2011 Pan American Games

paragraph: Tonya Verbeek

paragraph: Tonya Lynn Verbeek (born 14 August 1977) is a Canadian freestyle wrestler. Verbeek was the first woman to win a wrestling medal for Canada when she took silver in 2004, she added to that with a bronze at the 2008 Summer Olympics and a second silver at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. She has also won two bronze and a silver at the world championships and has a bronze and silver from the Pan American Games and Commonwealth Games respectively.

paragraph: Section::::Sports career.

paragraph: She was born in Grimsby, Ontario. She took up wrestling in grade eleven and was undefeated throughout high school in Beamsville, Ontario. She trains at Brock University in St. Catharines, Ontario, and is coached by Marty Calder.

paragraph: She won a silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in freestyle women's wrestling in the 55 kg category.

paragraph: At the 2008 Summer Olympics, she won Canada's third medal overall, the third Canadian medal ever in women's wrestling, by winning a bronze. Verbeek won a silver medal at the 2011 world championships. She was undefeated in 2012 when she was named to the Canadian team for the 2012 Summer Olympics. On 9 August 2012,Verbeek defeated Geeta Phogat of India in her first round match. Verbeek went on to win the silver medal in the Women's 55 kg freestyle category, being defeated by Saori Yoshida in the final.

paragraph: Section::::Wrestling record.

paragraph: Section::::Wrestling record.:International results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 Olympic Games 2nd

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 Olympic Games 3

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 Olympic Trial 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 Senior World Championships 3

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 Olympic Games 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 Canada Cup 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 Austrian Ladies Open 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament – 1 6

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 Athens Pre-Olympic Test Event 3

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 NYAC Tournament 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 World Cup of Women's Wrestling 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 Pan American Games 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 Canada Cup 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 Gotzis Lady Open 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 Hans von Zons 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 Pan American Championships 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 Klippan 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 World Cup of Women's Wrestling 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 Poland Open 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 World University Championships 3

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 Gilbert Schuab (56 kg) 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 Canada Cup (56 kg) 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 Sunkist 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 Senior World Championships 5

paragraph: Section::::Wrestling record.:Canadian National Championships.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 Senior National Championships 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 Senior National Championships 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 Senior National Championships 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 Senior National Championship (56 kg) 3

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 Senior National Championship (56 kg) 3

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 Senior National Championships (56 kg) 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 Junior National Championships (56 kg) 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 Senior National Championships 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 Senior National Championship 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 Espoir National Championships 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 Senior National Championship 2

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wrestling in Canada

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Athlete bio on CBC.ca

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canadian Amateur Wrestling Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tonya Verbeek

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ontario Amateur Wrestling Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tonya Verbeek on Real Champions

description: Olympic wrestler

wikidata_label: Tonya Verbeek

wikipedia_title: Tonya Verbeek


text: East-Timorese

text: Soibada

text: Portuguese Timor

text: Prime Minister of East Timor

text: Indonesian military

text: Fretilin

text: Prabowo Subianto

text: English translation

categories: Prime Ministers of East Timor,Mambai people,Presidents of East Timor,1946 births,Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor politicians,Military personnel killed in action,Deaths by firearm in East Timor,People from Liquiçá District,1978 deaths

paragraph: Nicolau dos Reis Lobato

paragraph: Nicolau dos Reis Lobato (24 May 1946 – 31 December 1978) was an East-Timorese politician and national hero.

paragraph: He was born in 1946 in Soibada, Portuguese Timor. Lobato as 1st Prime Minister of East Timor from 28 November to 7 December 1975. Upon the arrival of the Indonesian military Lobato, along with other key Fretilin leaders, fled into the Timorese hinterland to fight against the occupying forces. On the final day of 1978 Lobato was ambushed by Indonesian special forces led by Lieutenant Prabowo Subianto (later son-in-law of President Suharto). He was killed after being shot in the stomach, and his body was brought to Dili to be inspected by Indonesian press. What then happened to his body is unknown, but the East-Timorese government continues to pursue the issue with the Indonesian government, so that his remains can be given a proper burial.

paragraph: Nicolau Lobato was made an East Timorese national hero. The East Timor International Airport has been named in his honour (Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Nicolau Lobato in Portuguese, English translation

description: Prime Minister of East Timor

wikidata_label: Nicolau dos Reis Lobato

wikipedia_title: Nicolau dos Reis Lobato


text:
Halych
duke of Slavonia
Andrew II of Hungary
Gertrude of Merania
Leszek the White
Duke of Poland
Salomea
king of Halych
Mstislav Mstislavich
Prince of Novgorod
Daniel Romanovich
Cuman
Andrew
Spiš
duke of Slavonia
Béla
Andrew II of Hungary
Gertrude of Merania
Béla III of Hungary
king of Hungary
Principality of Halych
Roman Mstislavich
Volhynia
Daniel
Vasilko Romanovich
Vladimir Igorevich
Coloman of Stockerau
Vladislav Kormilichich
Leszek the White
Duke of Poland
Alexandr Vsevolodovich of Vladimir
Mstislav Yaroslavich of Peresopnytsia
Pope Innocent III
Galician–Volhynian Chronicle
Salomea
Przemyśl
Lubaczów
John, Archbishop of Esztergom
anoint
Halych
Pope Honorius III
Archbishop of Esztergom
Mstislav Mstislavich
Prince of Novgorod
Wieprz
Bug
Cumans
Jan Długosz
Torchesk
Andrew
Pope Honorius III
Elizabeth the Cuman
Spišské Vlachy
Premonstratensian
Jasov
Szepes Castle
Béla
counties
Baranya
Pozsega
Somogy
Valkó
Varasd
Zala
Bishopric of Trogir
Hájszentlőrinc Chapter
ban of Croatia
Knights Templar
Bartholomew le Gros
bishop of Pécs
Pécsvárad Abbey
Pécs Chapter
Vukovar
Varaždin
Archbishopric of Split
Bishopric of Zagreb
Pope Gregory IX
archbishop of Kalocsa
Vukovar
Beatrice d'Este
Pope Gregory IX
heretics
Bosnia
Zachlumia
Bogomilism
Diocese of Bosnia
Đakovo
Mongols invaded
Battle of Mohi
by the Grace of God
Ruthenians
Göncöl, Archbishop of Split

categories: 1208 births,Hungarian princes,1241 deaths,Dukes of Slavonia,13th-century Hungarian people,13th century in Ukraine,13th century in Kievan Rus',House of Árpád,Kings of Rus'

paragraph: Coloman of Galicia

paragraph: Coloman of Galicia (; ; 1208 – 1241) was the rulerfrom 1214 prince, and from 1215 or 1216 to 1221 kingof Halych, and duke of Slavonia from 1226 to his death. He was the second son of Andrew II of Hungary and Gertrude of Merania. His father and Leszek the White, Duke of Poland, concluded an agreement about the marriage of Coloman and Leszek's daughter, Salomea, and the division of Halych, allotting its western regions to Leszek, the remaining lands to Coloman. The Hungarian and Polish armies occupied the principality in late 1214. Andrew II appointed a Hungarian nobleman, Benedict the Bald, to administer it on Coloman's behalf. Coloman was crowned the first king of Halych with the pope's authorization in early 1216.

paragraph: After the Hungarian troops occupied the western Galician territories, Leszek made an alliance with Mstislav Mstislavich, Prince of Novgorod. Mstislav invaded Halych, forcing Coloman and his supporters to flee to Hungary, most probably in early 1219. Mstislav supported his son-in-law, Daniel Romanovichwho had claimed Halych since 1205to invade Polish territories, which brought about a reconciliation between Andrew II and Leszek. The Hungarians and Poles again occupied Halych and restored it to Coloman in the autumn of 1219. Mstislav and his Cuman allies defeated the Hungarians near Halych and captured Coloman and Salomea in August 1221. To secure their release, Andrew II renounced Halych and arranged a marriage alliance between his youngest son, Andrew, and Mstislav's daughter.

paragraph: Coloman returned to Hungary in late 1221 or 1222. He settled in Szepes (now Spiš in Slovakia) where he had held large estates since the late 1210s. Andrew II made him duke of Slavonia, with jurisdiction also in Croatia and Dalmatia, in 1226. He cooperated with his eldest brother, Béla, in revising their father's donations already during Andrew II's lifetime.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Coloman was the second son of Andrew II of Hungary and his first wife, Gertrude of Merania. Andrew's father (Coloman's grandfather), Béla III of Hungary, was the first king of Hungary to conquer the Principality of Halych in 1188. Béla granted Halych to the teenager Andrew, but Andrew was unpopular, especially because his troops did not respect the Galicians' Orthodox faith. The Galicians expelled him in 1189 or 1190, but he did not abandon his claim to Halych. After Roman Mstislavich, who had united the principalities of Volhynia and Halych under his rule, died fighting against the Poles in 1205, Andrew launched a military campaign against Halych in almost each year. He adopted the title of "King of Galicia and Lodomeria" in token of his claim to both principalities. Initially, he supported Roman Mstislavich's minor sons, Daniel and Vasilko Romanovich, against Vladimir Igorevich and his brothers, who also claimed Halych.

paragraph: Coloman was born in 1208. According to historians Márta Font and Gábor Barabás, he was named most probably for Coloman of Stockerau, an Irish pilgrim who had been martyred in Austria in 1012. Coloman's mother showed blatant favoritism towards her German kinsmen and courtiers, which outraged the native lords. She was murdered by a group of Hungarian noblemen in September 1213, shortly after her husband departed for a new military campaign against Halych. Andrew returned to Hungary, but only after appointing a Galician "boyar" (or nobleman), Vladislav Kormilichich, to lead the Hungarian army to Halych. Kormilichich took control of the principality on Andrew's behalf. Leszek the White, Duke of Poland, granted asylum to Daniel and Vasilko Romanovich and made an alliance with princes Alexandr Vsevolodovich of Vladimir and Mstislav Yaroslavich of Peresopnytsia. They invaded Halych and routed Kormilichich, but they could not capture the capital of the principality.

paragraph: In a letter to Pope Innocent III, Andrew stated that Galician "boyars" had proposed him to grant Halych to Coloman. According to the "Galician–Volhynian Chronicle", Leszek the White was the first to suggest the same idea, also proposing his daughter, Salomea, to Coloman. Andrew and Leszek had a meeting in Szepes in the autumn of 1214. They reached a compromise, which included the marriage of Coloman and Salomea and the cession of two western Galician towns, Przemyśl and Lubaczów, to Leszek. The Hungarian and Polish armies invaded the principality and put an end to Vladislav Kormilichich's rule before the end of the year.

paragraph: Section::::Halych.

paragraph: Coloman was installed in Halych soon after the fall of Kormilichich. Since Coloman was a minor, Benedict the Bald was appointed to administer the principality. Another Hungarian nobleman, Demetrius Aba, was made the master of the stewards in Coloman's court before 1216. Kormilichich's former ally, Sudislav, was the leading Galician "boyars" who supported Coloman.

paragraph: Andrew sent a letter to Pope Innocent, requesting him to authorize the John, Archbishop of Esztergom to anoint Coloman as king. In the next letter, Andrew thanked the pope for giving consent to Coloman's coronation, but also informed him that a riot had broken out against Coloman and the rebels laid siege to Halych. Andrew urged Innocent to send a legate and a golden crown to Coloman to strengthen the legitimacy of his rule. Pope Honorius III mentioned in a letter in 1222 that the Archbishop of Esztergom had crowned Coloman "with the blessing of the Holy See", but the circumstances of the ceremony are unknown. Historians Font, Barabás and Karol Hollý inferred from the correspondence that Coloman was most probably crowned twice, first (in late 1214 or early 1215) with a provisional crown in Hungary, later (probably in early 1216) with the crown sent by the pope. Other historiansincluding Tibor Almási, Nataša Procházková and Đura Hardiconclude that Coloman was first anointed, and he was only once crowned, in early 1216.

paragraph: The relationship between Andrew and Leszek the White had meanwhile become tense. Leszek granted Vladimir-in-Vohynia, which was the most prestigious princely seat in Volhynia, to Daniel and Vasilko Romanovich. He also failed to support Coloman during the siege of Halych. The Hungarian army invaded western Galicia and captured Przemyśl and Lubaczów in late 1215 or early 1216. Leszek approached Mstislav Mstislavich, Prince of Novgorod, seeking his assistance against the Hungarians. The reconstruction of the ensuing events is difficult, because their dating is uncertain. Mstislav invaded Halych between 1215 and 1219most probably in early 1219, according to Font and Barabásand forced Coloman, Benedict the Bald and Sudislav to flee to Hungary.

paragraph: Mstislav gave his daughter, Anna, in marriage to Daniel Romanovich who soon occupied the lands between the rivers Wieprz and Bug from Leszek. Outraged by Daniel's attack, Leszek made a new alliance with Andrew II. Their united forces defeated Mstislav's army in three battles in October 1219. Mstislav and Daniel were forced to abandon Halych and Coloman returned to the principality. Andrew most probably made Sudislav's son-in-law, File, the commander of the Hungarian army in Halych around this time, according to Font and Barabás.

paragraph: Mstislav hired Cumans and again invaded Halych in late 1220 or early 1221, but could not capture the capital. Mstislav's fiasco encouraged File to join Leszek's campaign against Volhynia, leaving Coloman and Salomea in the newly fortified Church of the Virgin Mary in Halych. Taking advantage of the absence of the bulk of the Hungarian army, Mstislav and the Cumans laid siege Halych in August 1221. File hurried back from his campaign, but Mstislav defeated his army and he could only flee with the help of a Galician boyar, Zhiroslav on 14 August. Coloman's retainers tried to resist in the fortified church, but the lack of water forced them to surrender. The Polish chronicler, Jan Długosz, wrote that Coloman and Salomea were imprisoned in the fortress of Torchesk.

paragraph: Internal strifes in Hungary prevented Coloman's father from launching a military expedition against Mstislav. Andrew entered into negotiations with Mstislav and they reached a compromise in late 1221 or early 1222. According to the agreement, Coloman was to renounce the title of King of Halych, but Mstislav agreed to give his daughter, Maria, in marriage to Coloman's younger brother, Andrew, to whom Coloman's royal title would be transferred.

paragraph: Section::::Kingdom of Hungary.

paragraph: Section::::Kingdom of Hungary.:Szepes.

paragraph: After his release in late 1221 or early 1222, Coloman returned to Hungary. His father soon approached Pope Honorius III, asking him to invalidate his agreement with Mstislav. The pope only cancelled the provision about the transfer of Coloman's royal title to his younger brother, because the pope preserved the right to decide about coronations. Coloman styleed himself "King of Galicia" till the end of his life, although he never returned to Halych. He and his wife settled in Szepes, near the Hungarian-Galician border. Font and Barabás say that Coloman had received estates in the region already in the late 1210s. A late source (a 1279 letter of Elizabeth the Cuman) mentioned that Coloman had held Szepes till the end of his life.

paragraph: Coloman's activities in Szepes are poorly documented. He granted privileges to the "guest settlers" in Szepesolaszi (now Spišské Vlachy in Slovakia). He made donations to the Cistercian monastery which was established in the 1220s in Szepes. Coloman also supported the establishment of the Premonstratensian provostry at Jászó (now Jasov in Slovakia). According to a scholarly theory, the tower of the Szepes Castle was built on Coloman's order.

paragraph: Section::::Kingdom of Hungary.:Slavonia.

paragraph: Andrew II entrusted Coloman with the government of Slavonia, Croatia and Dalmatia in 1226. The three provinces had been administered by Coloman's elder brother, Béla, who was appointed to administer Translyvania. Coloman's jurisdiction also included counties located in Hungary proper, such as Baranya, Pozsega, Somogy, Valkó, Varasd and Zala.

paragraph: In the summer of 1226, Coloman visited Dalmatia where he was ceremoniously received in the towns. He made donations to the Bishopric of Trogir and confirmed his mother's grant to the Hájszentlőrinc Chapter. His following extant diplomas were issued in 1229. Estates located in Szepes were the subjects of both diplomas, implying that Coloman had mostly stayed in Szepes from 1226 to 1229, according to Font and Barabás.

paragraph: Coloman supported Béla's attempts to revise their father's grants already during Andrew II's lifetime. The two brothers jointly confirmed a grant made by a previous ban of Croatia in 1231. Coloman ignored the privileges of the Knights Templar and wanted to collect taxes on their estates. The pope appointed Bartholomew le Gros, the bishop of Pécs, to arbitrate in the dispute together with the abbot of Pécsvárad Abbey and the provost of Pécs Chapter, but also forbade them to excommunicate Coloman without his special authorization. The three prelates persuaded Coloman to confirm the knights' privileges on 31 July 1231, but a full reconciliation was reached only after lengthy negotiations in 1239.

paragraph: Coloman granted liberties to the German, Saxon, Hungarian and Slavic "guest settlers" of Vukovar in 1239. He also confirmed the right of the "guest settlers" of Varaždin to elect their judges and put their obligations in writing.

paragraph: Coloman initiated the merger of the Archbishopric of Split and the Bishopric of Zagreb, but Pope Gregory IX reminded him in 1240, that the two dioceses could not be united without the consent of the archbishop of Kalocsa and the chapters of their sees.

paragraph: In 1231, Coloman granted privileges to Vukovar (). Coloman, similarly to his brother, opposed his father's third marriage with Beatrice d'Este and following the death of King Andrew II (21 September 1235) they accused their young stepmother of adultery.

paragraph: Pope Gregory IX persuaded him to pursue the heretics in his provinces and in the adjacent territories; therefore he invaded and occupied Bosnia and Zachlumia but he could not wind up Bogomilism. He supported the establishment of the Diocese of Bosnia and he granted Đakovo () to its bishop. When he was informed that the Mongols invaded the kingdom, he joined to his brother's troops. However, their troops were defeated at the Battle of Mohi (11 April 1241). Coloman suffered serious wounds and died of his injuries a few weeks after the battle.

paragraph: Section::::Titles.

paragraph: Coloman was styled "by the Grace of God, king of the Ruthenians, and by his glorious father's generosity, duke of Dalmatia and Croatia" in his first extant charter in 1226. Göncöl, Archbishop of Split, referred to Coloman as "king and duke of Slavonia" in 1229. The first document mentioning Coloman's rule in "whole Slavonia" was issued by the Zagreb Chapter in 1230. He was consequently styled as "king, and duke of whole Slavonia" from the late 1230s.

description: Hungarian Árpád dynasty royal

wikidata_label: Coloman of Galicia-Lodomeria

wikipedia_title: Coloman of Galicia


text:
Grand Prix
motorcycle
road racing
Salisbury
Southern Rhodesia
Yamaha
Kawasaki
factory
Kawasaki KR250 and KR350
Mick Grant
Barry Ditchburn
1978
1979
world championships
1980
KR500
Brisbane
Australia

categories: 350cc World Championship riders,Sportspeople from Harare,Sportspeople from Pietermaritzburg,Zimbabwean emigrants to South Africa,Naturalised citizens of Australia,White Rhodesian people,1951 births,250cc World Championship riders,500cc World Championship riders,South African motorcycle racers,Zimbabwean emigrants to Australia,Zimbabwean people of British descent

paragraph: Kork Ballington

paragraph: Hugh Neville "Kork" Ballington (born April 10, 1951) is a South African four-time Grand Prix motorcycle road racing world champion.

paragraph: Section::::Motorcycle racing career.

paragraph: Born in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, Ballington used his domestic production racing experience as a springboard to gain entry into the British racing scene. He raced an over-the-counter Yamaha twin for several years before taking a well-earned place on the Kawasaki factory racing team riding Kawasaki KR250 and KR350s alongside Mick Grant and Barry Ditchburn. In the 250 and 350 classes, Ballington swept away the competition on his Kawasakis in 1978 and 1979, capturing consecutive double world championships.

paragraph: In 1980, he campaigned Kawasaki's new KR500 but developing a new bike proved to be difficult in the premier class. After three years in the 500cc class, he couldn't repeat the success he enjoyed in the smaller classes and retired from competition. Ballington now lives with his family in Brisbane, Australia.

paragraph: In 2018, MotoGP announced he would be inducted into the MotoGP Legends Hall of Fame.

description: South African motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Kork Ballington

wikipedia_title: Kork Ballington


text:
Freiherr
Ratboř
Schloss
Radborsch
Kolín
Bohemia
Munich
Hubert von Czibulka
Der Orchideengarten
Karl Hans Strobl
science fiction
detective stories
Third Reich

categories: Austrian male painters,Austrian people of Czech descent,Austrian male writers,Czech male painters,People from Kolín District,Bohemian nobility,Czech painters,Barons of Austria,1969 deaths,20th-century Austrian painters,Czech male writers,1888 births

paragraph: Alfons von Czibulka

paragraph: Alfons Freiherr von Czibulka, or Alfons Cibulka (born 28 June 1888, Ratboř Castle ("Schloss Radborsch") near Kolín, Bohemia – died 22 October 1969, Munich) was a Czech-Austrian writer and painter. (Pseudonym A. von Birnitz)

paragraph: Czibulka was the son of general Freiherr Hubert von Czibulka and Marie von Birnitz. In 1919 he co-founded the magazine

paragraph: "Der Orchideengarten" with Karl Hans Strobl, a fantasy magazine which also published some science fiction

paragraph: and detective stories.

paragraph: In the Third Reich he received the ""Literary Prize of the City Munich"" in 1938.

paragraph: Section::::Literary works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die grossen Kapitäne" (biography, 1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prinz Eugen" (biography, 1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Münzturm" (novel, 1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Kerzlmacher von St. Stephan" (novel, 1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Abschiedskonzert" (novel, 1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reich mir die Hand, mein Leben" (novel, 1956)

description: Czech painter and writer

wikidata_label: Alfons von Czibulka

wikipedia_title: Alfons von Czibulka


text: Bulgaria

text: acrobat

text: Elhovo

text: equilibristics

text: Yambol

text: Kristian Vigenin

text: David Larible

text: Yordan Yovchev

text: Circus Roncalli

text: Arnold Schwarzenegger

text: Cyrillic Alphabet Day

text: Circus Knie

text: Vazquez Hermanos Circus

text: YouTube

categories: Bulgarian artists,People from Elhovo,Living people

paragraph: Encho Keryazov

paragraph: Encho Keryazov () (born 15 October 1973 in Elhovo) is a Bulgarian acrobat.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born into a family of teachers, Encho Keryazov was born in 1973 in Elhovo, Bulgaria. At the age of 6 he was a rather frail boy, so his mother had the idea of starting to train him and he began acrobatic training at a local sports club. At first he did not meet the physical prerequisites, however, his upcoming ambition and obvious talent finally convinced his trainers he was capable. At the age of 14 Keryazov was Youth Champion in Sport Acrobatics, the following year he was a member of the Bulgarian national team and national champion of sports acrobatics.

paragraph: As a 16-year-old he had his first real contact with a circus and joined the jockey cavalry troupe "Romanovi" and he traveled throughout Europe for seven years.

paragraph: In the following year Keryazov developed an independent equilibristics act. With the presentation of a very special handstand acrobatic act he has won prizes in England, the Netherlands, France and Germany. One of the temporary highlights of his career was winning the Audience Award and the "Silver Clown" at the International Circus Festival of Monte-Carlo in 2007. In 2011 he received the highest award of the Bulgarian Artists Association, the "IKAR" and became an honorary citizen of his home town of Yambol.

paragraph: In 2011 he founded the Foundation Encho Keryazov, with the support of other Bulgarian celebrities, which promotes talented young people engaged in science, arts and sports, giving creative and financial support. The Foundation has gained national and international attention, so that the annual awards, held since 2012 in Keryazov's hometown Yambol, where the awards are given to children and young people, are in the presence of the Bulgarian Minister of Foreign Affairs Kristian Vigenin, the Minister of Culture Weschdi Raschidow and ambassadors from Germany and the Netherlands. During the charity gala in January 2015 he gathered high-level international circus artists in Yambol, including the clown David Larible. The preliminary peak of his social commitment is a benefit-gala in Sofia in February 2016, which he organizes with his friend and supporter of the foundation, Yordan Yovchev (Olympic gold medalist and President of the Bulgarian Sports Federation) to collect more financial resources for the Foundation.

paragraph: As part of a special edition Keryazov appeared alongside other artists Circus Roncalli on an Austrian stamp.

paragraph: In 2011 he was a jury member in the television show "Bulgaria's got talent". In January 2012, a 45-minute documentary about Keryazovs life and career was broadcast on the television station bTV (Bulgaria), directed by Georgi Tochev.

paragraph: His engagement at the famous Circus Roncalli in Germany and various performances, such as a sporting gala by Arnold Schwarzenegger in the USA 2012 and 2014, give Encho Keryazov consistent international recognition.

paragraph: On 24 May 2012, the Day of Bulgarian Enlightenment and Culture and Slavonic Literature (this public celebratory event is closely linked to the development of the Cyrillic alphabet, Cyrillic Alphabet Day), Keryazov was at the suggestion of the Bulgarian Ministry of Culture awarded the "Golden Age" for outstanding contribution to Bulgarian culture and awarded funding of Bulgarian art and culture abroad.

paragraph: Keryazov is married to the former athlete and artist Dimitrinka Keryazova and has two sons, who are already working on their own acrobatic performance.

paragraph: Keryazov established a successful trampoline sports club in Bulgaria. At the end of October 2013 he joined the "Palazzo" in Mannheim, Germany, for the 2014 season he was engaged at the Swiss National Circus Circus Knie and since 2015 in the United States at Vazquez Hermanos Circus.

paragraph: In October 2015 he won the voting on the BUDITEL 2015, a prize awarded from the Bulgarian radio station FM Plus. The prize honors people with great spiritual impact by extraordinary social commitment for people.

paragraph: Invited by Princess Stephanie of Monaco, he will participate in the anniversary show of the 40th Circus Festival in Monaco 2016 under the slogan "the best of the best".

paragraph: 2016 Admitted to the World Acrobatic Society's Legacy Gallery at a ceremony in Las Vegas.

paragraph: Section::::Prizes and awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: first prize at festival „Herman Renz und Diana“ – Netherlands

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: circus artist of the year - Netherlands

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: circus artist of the year - Netherlands

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: audience award at the festival „Herman Renz und Diana“ – Netherlands

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: circus artist of the year - Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Silver Star" at the international circus festival in Grenoble, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: international circus festival in Monte Carlo:

paragraph: BULLET::::- „silver clown“

paragraph: BULLET::::- audience award

paragraph: BULLET::::- given by Stardust Circus International

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: IKAR – highest award of the Bulgarian artist-organization

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: honorary citizen of Yambol

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Golden Age" for outstanding contributions to the promotion of Bulgarian culture and Bulgarian art and culture abroad

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "silver bear" at the 6. international circus festival in Ischewsk

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: „BUDITEL 2015“ awarded by the Bulgarian radio station FM+ for common engagement with a "strong spiritual message"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: Admitted to the World Acrobatic Society's Legacy Gallery at a ceremony in Las Vegas.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portfolio Encho Keryazov von Zirkus Roncalli

paragraph: BULLET::::- documentation by the bulgarian director Georgi Toshev about the life of Encho Keryazov

paragraph: BULLET::::- part of the German TV documentation "Terra X, Schneller als das Auge" from March 23, 2013 YouTube

paragraph: BULLET::::- part of the French TV show "le plus grande cabaret du monde" from June 30, 2012 on YouTube

description: Bulgarian acrobat

wikidata_label: Encho Keryazov

wikipedia_title: Encho Keryazov


text:
1923 FA Cup Final
Bolton Wanderers
West Ham United
Wembley Stadium
charwoman
2nd Dragoons (Royal Scots Greys)
Second Anglo-Boer War
Tsar Nicholas II
Russian Royal Family
trumpet major
5th Cavalry Brigade
British Expeditionary Force
Battle of Mons
First Battle of Ypres
Second Battle of Ypres
Battle of Arras
Metropolitan Police
Deputy Assistant Commissioner
Percy Laurie
Mounted Branch
regimental adjutant
police constable
Wembley Stadium
Bolton Wanderers
West Ham United
King George V
royal box
The Football Association
FA Cup Final
Edinburgh
York
Chislehurst
Royal Tournament
Olympia
Imber Court
Hove
bronchial pneumonia
Brook Hospital
Greenwich
accessed 22 May 2013

categories: 1882 births,1965 deaths,Metropolitan Police officers

paragraph: George Scorey

paragraph: George Albert Scorey (30 December 1882 – 14 April 1965) was an English soldier and later policeman. He is best known as the rider of the white horse at the 1923 FA Cup Final, played between Bolton Wanderers and West Ham United on 28 April 1923, the first FA Cup final to be played at the original Wembley Stadium, which became known as the "White Horse Final".

paragraph: Section::::Early life and army career.

paragraph: Scorey was born in Bristol. His father, a shipping clerk and labourer, died in 1887. His mother worked as a charwoman before remarrying in 1903.

paragraph: Scorey enlisted in the British Army in August 1898, joining the 2nd Dragoons (Royal Scots Greys). He served as a trumpeter in the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902), and remained in South Africa until 1905 as part of the colonial garrison. He was an escort when Tsar Nicholas II and other members of the Russian Royal Family visited England in 1909. Scorey was promoted to the rank of sergeant and trumpet major shortly before his 11-year term of enlistment ended, and he re-enlisted in December 1909.

paragraph: Scorey accompanied his regiment to France as part of the 5th Cavalry Brigade in the British Expeditionary Force when the First World War broke out in 1914. He served in the Battle of Mons and the First Battle of Ypres in 1914, the Second Battle of Ypres in 1915, and the Battle of Arras in 1917. He remained in France and Belgium until August 1918. He finally left the British Army at the end of August 1919, after completing 21 years of service.

paragraph: Section::::Police career.

paragraph: Although he was shorter than the required minimum height of 5'8", Scorey was invited to join the Metropolitan Police by Deputy Assistant Commissioner Percy Laurie, who was in charge of the force's Mounted Branch. Laurie was formerly regimental adjutant in the Scots Greys, and offered positions to many of his former comrades. Scorey became a police constable in November 1919, and was quickly allocated to the mounted branch. He was issued horse no. 62, a seven-year-old grey named Billy (or Billie), in June 1920.

paragraph: Section::::1923 FA Cup Final.

paragraph: The 1923 FA Cup Final, which was the first played at Wembley Stadium, was contested by Bolton Wanderers and West Ham United. There were almost 600 police officers and stewards on duty to supervise the event, with a crowd of around 100,000 expected. Scorey was part of the 200-strong reserve of police officers based at Wembley Park Road. The crowd easily numbered over 200,000, vastly exceeded expectations and the stadium's 125,000 capacity, with some estimates of the attendance reaching 300,000. The crush forced thousands of spectators out of the stands and on to the pitch before the scheduled 3pm kick-off.

paragraph: Scorey, with nine other mounted police officers and the others on foot, were called in to control the crowd and clear the pitch. The encroaching spectators were slowly edged back behind the touchlines. The match eventually began 45 minutes late, after King George V had been escorted to the royal box.

paragraph: Billy, the only grey horse present, was prominent in black-and-white news photographs and newsreels, and the match became known as the "White Horse Final". Scorey and Billy – described as an "officer on a white charger" – was singled out for attention in press coverage. The Football Association gave him tickets to each subsequent FA Cup Final, but he had little interest in football and did not attend.

paragraph: Section::::Private and later life.

paragraph: Scorey had married in Edinburgh in December 1909. The couple lived in York, but their son was born in Edinburgh in June 1912. A second son was born in April 1915. Both sons were raised by Scorey's mother-in-law after his wife died of tuberculosis in November 1915. Scorey remarried in Chislehurst in September 1922.

paragraph: After the 1923 FA Cup Final, Scorey declined invitations to appear in public, and he resumed normal duties with Billy. He was a trumpeter in the Metropolitan Police band, and he performed at horse shows. He won the King's Cup at the Royal Tournament at Olympia in 1928. Billy died in December 1930, and Laurie presented Scorey with an inkwell made from one of Billy's hooves mounted with silver, which is now held by the Metropolitan Police mounted branch museum at Imber Court, Surrey.

paragraph: Declining eyesight forced Scorey to retire in 1939, and he received an ill-health pension. He and his second wife retired to Hove in Sussex and then returned to Chislehurst. He died from bronchial pneumonia at Brook Hospital in Greenwich. His elder son had died in 1929, but he was survived by his wife and younger son from his first marriage.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chris Forester, Philip Carter, ‘Scorey, George Albert (1882–1965)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, May 2012 accessed 22 May 2013

description: British police officer

wikidata_label: George Scorey

wikipedia_title: George Scorey


text: Native American

text: Kiowa

text: Arikaras

text: Koitsenko

text: Kiowa

text: the massacre of A'date's village

text: Osage

text: Indian Territory

text: United States Army

text: Henry Dodge

text: Oklahoma

text: George Catlin

text: Texas

text: Mexico

text: Comanche

text: Staked Plains

text: Canadian River

text: Palo Duro Canyon

text: James W. Abert

text: Pawnee

text: Kansas

text: Civil War

text: John Sedgwick

text: First Battle of Adobe Walls

text: Hutchinson County, Texas

text: James H. Carleton

text: Christopher (Kit) Carson

text: Ute

text: Jicarilla Apache

text: Lucien Maxwell

text: Satank

text: Guipago

text: Satanta

text: bugler

text: tepee

text: Little Arkansas Treaty

text: Kiowa

text: calendar keeper

text: winter count

text: Sun Dance

text: tipi

text: counting coup

text: Silver Horn

text: Phoebe Hearst Museum of Anthropology

text: University of California at Berkeley

text: Smithsonian Institution

text: Betty Nixon

text: Mid-America All-Indian Center

text: Wichita, Kansas

text: First Battle of Adobe Walls

text: Texas-Indian Wars

text: List of Native American artists

text: "The Kiowa of Texas"

categories: Texas–Indian Wars,1866 deaths,Native American painters,Native American leaders,Battles involving the Comanche,18th-century births,Kiowa people,Native American people of the Indian Wars,1866 in the United States

paragraph: Dohasan

paragraph: Dohäsan, Dohosan, Tauhawsin, Tohausen, or Touhason (late 1780s to early 1790s – 1866) was a prominent Native American. He was War Chief of the Kata or Arikara band of the Kiowa Indians, and then Principal Chief of the entire Kiowa Tribe, a position he held for an extraordinary 33 years. He is best remembered as the last undisputed Principal Chief of the Kiowa people before the Reservation Era, and the battlefield leader of the Plains Tribes in the largest battle ever fought between the Plains tribes and the United States.

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: Dohäsan's name, which was hereditary, has been variously translated as Little Mountain, Little Bluff, or Top-of-the-Mountain. He was the son of a chief named Dohá (Bluff). Because his name, and the Chieftainship of his band, was hereditary, (though not necessarily father to son) – Dohäsan himself was succeeded by his nephew, rather than one of his sons, and though his father was a chief, it was his uncle who was the hereditary war chief from whom he got his name.

paragraph: Section::::Life before becoming Principal Chief.

paragraph: The Arikara band was so named because of their close trading relationship with the Arikaras in the upper Missouri valley during the tribe's early recorded history. Because of their trading relationships with traders from the US, Spain, and the French, the Kiowa, and the Arikara in particular, were well known to European-Americans. Dohäsan was known to traders as early as the late 1820s. He gained a reputation as a fierce, but tricky, warrior and successful war chief. Dohäsan was a member of the elite warrior society, the Koitsenko.

paragraph: Although his position as Chief of the Arikara band was hereditary, the Principal Chief of the entire Kiowa people was not a hereditary position. The elders of all the bands met together and elected the Principal Chief, and he generally held that position the rest of his life. Dohäsan became principal chief of the Kiowas in the spring of 1833, after the tribe elders and sub-chiefs deposed then-Principal Chief A'date. This followed the massacre of A'date's village by Osages at Cutthroat Gap, near the head of Otter Creek in what became the Indian Territory of the Oklahomas. Dohäsan was the last undisputed Principal Chief of the Kiowa Tribe while they were a free people.

paragraph: After A’date was deposed, and Dohäsan arose to become principal Chief of the entire Kiowa people, the United States Army became acquainted with Dohäsan. The massacre of an entire village of the Kiowa prompted the dragoon expedition of Colonel Henry Dodge to Western Oklahoma in the summer of 1834. Dohäsan was among those on hand to greet the colonel and his expedition. Artist George Catlin, who accompanied the expedition, sketched and painted Dohäsan 's portrait. The expedition found Dohäsan to be a friendly and calm in person under peaceful conditions.

paragraph: The purpose of the expedition was to end the ferocious fighting between the various Plains Tribes, and in May 1837 Dohäsan was one of the principals who signed the Fort Gibson Treaty, by which the United States government sought to end intertribal warfare in Indian Territory.

paragraph: Treaties did little to end the Kiowas' frequent raids for horses and other plunder, and it is arguable whether they even slowed the fighting between the tribes. Texas was basically wide open to joint Kiowa-Comanche raids, and the annual raids into Mexico became a dreaded part of life in both Mexico proper and its northern states. In his raids, Dohäsan and his tribesmen and allied Comanche came to live in the winter in the Staked Plains, especially along the Canadian River valley and Palo Duro Canyon, which served as a base for both wintering and the annual raids.

paragraph: At Palo Duro Canyon, on September 17, 1845, he was sketched by Lt. James W. Abert in his watercolor portfolio. In the summer of 1851 Dohäsan led a war party of the various Kiowa bands, and allied Comanches against the Pawnees near the head of Medicine Lodge Creek in Kansas, killing most of them.

paragraph: His name again rises in Army records in 1857 when he successfully led his warriors out of an ambush by Mexican soldiers at Hueco Tanks near El Paso Norte in Texas. The Mexicans had pursued the raiders north out of Mexico, and hoped to eliminate them. Instead, most of the Mexican troops were killed or wounded.

paragraph: The American Government was anxious to keep the Kiowa friendly as the Civil War beckoned, and in late 1859, as a goodwill gesture, Major John Sedgwick's troops gave Dohäsan an old army ambulance wagon along with the usual presents. When he was unable to master the art of driving a team, Dohäsan had a couple of Kiowa boys ride the harnessed horses as he sat in the driver's seat.

paragraph: In 1861, when federal authorities threatened to withhold annuity goods and send troops against the Kiowas if they did not cease their raiding, Dohäsan angrily and contemptuously called the "white chief" a fool with the "heart of a woman."

paragraph: Section::::After ascension to Principal Chieftainship.:First Battle of Adobe Walls.

paragraph: Other than the extraordinary length of his service as Principal Chief, and being the last Principal Chief of the free Kiowa, Dohäsan will be remembered in military history for commanding the Native American forces at the First Battle of Adobe Walls.

paragraph: The first battle of Adobe Walls occurred on November 26, 1864, in the vicinity of Adobe Walls, the ruins of William Bent's abandoned adobe trading post and saloon near the Canadian River in Hutchinson County, Texas. The battle was one of the largest engagements in terms of numbers between European-Americans and Indians on the Great Plains, and the largest engagement ever between the Comanche and Kiowa and their allies, against the non-Natives. It came about because Gen. James H. Carleton, commander of the military district of New Mexico, decided to punish Comanche and Kiowa attacks on Santa Fe wagon trains. The Indians saw the wagon trains as trespassers who killed buffalo and other game the Indians needed to survive.

paragraph: Col. Christopher (Kit) Carson, was given command of the First Cavalry, New Mexico Volunteers, and told to proceed and campaign against the winter campgrounds of the Comanches and Kiowas. This was the second invasion of the heart of the Comancheria, after the Antelope Hills Expedition. The campgrounds in question were reported to be somewhere on the south side of the Canadian River. On November 10, 1864 Carson started from Fort Bascom with 335 cavalry, and 75 Ute and Jicarilla Apache scouts. Those Carson had recruited from Lucien Maxwell's ranch near Cimarron, New Mexico. On November 12, 1864, Carson’s force, supplied with two mountain howitzers under the command of Lt. George H. Pettis, twenty-seven wagons, an ambulance, and forty-five days' rations, proceeded down the Canadian River into the Texas Panhandle. Carson had decided to march first to Adobe Walls, which he was familiar with from his employment there by Bent over 20 years earlier. Inclement weather, including an early snow storm, caused slow progress, and on November 25, 1864, the First Cavalry reached Mule Springs, in Moore County, approximately west of Adobe Walls. Scouts reported the presence of a large Indian encampment at Adobe Walls, and Carson ordered his cavalry forward, to be followed by the wagons and howitzers.

paragraph: Approximately two hours after daybreak on November 26, 1864, Carson's cavalry attacked a Kiowa village of 150 lodges. The Chief, Dohäsan, and his people fled, passing the alarm to allied Comanche villages nearby. Marching forward to Adobe Walls, Carson dug in there about 10 AM, using one corner of the ruins for a hospital. Carson discovered to his dismay that there were numerous villages in the area, including one very large Comanche village. The total number of Indians opposing Carson are often estimated at 3,000, but it is unlikely that the total manpower of the Comanche, Kiowa, and Kiowa-Apache amounted to more than one-half that number. Whatever their numbers, Carson saw he was outnumbered by the warriors pouring forward to engage him in battle, a much greater force than he had expected.

paragraph: Dohäsan, assisted by Satank (Sitting Bear), Guipago (Lone Wolf) and Satanta (White Bear), led the Kiowas in the first attack. Fierce fighting developed as the Kiowa, Kiowa Apache, and Comanche warriors repeatedly attacked Carson's position. Reportedly, Satanta replied to Carson's bugler with his own bugle calls. Carson succeeded in repelling the attacks only through his clever use of supporting fire from the twin howitzers. After six to eight hours of fairly continuous fighting, Carson realized he was beginning to run low on shells for the howitzers, and ammunition in general, and ordered his forces to withdraw.  The angry Indians tried to block his retreat by setting fire to the grass and brush down near the river. The wily Carson, however, set back-fires and retreated to higher ground, where the twin howitzers continued to hold off the Indians. When twilight came, Carson ordered a group of his scouts to burn the lodges of the first village, which also resulted in the death of the Kiowa-Apache chief, Iron Shirt, when he refused to leave his tepee.

paragraph: Despite the fact that Carson was forced to retreat in the face of much more opposition than he had expected, the United States Army declared the First Battle of Adobe Walls a victory. Carson was probably outnumbered 10-1, and his clever use of backfires and the howitzers prevented his being overrun. As it was, Carson lost 6 dead, 25 wounded, to approximately 50-60 killed among the Indians. Nothing could obscure the fact however that the Kiowa and their allies had driven the American army from the field. Dohäsan, probably in his 70's, had commanded the largest force of Plains Indians ever massed against the army, and compelled a force armed with howitzers to retreat and yield the day.

paragraph: Section::::Little Arkansas Treaty and death.

paragraph: In October 1865 Dohäsan signed the Little Arkansas Treaty, but he vigorously protested confinement to a reservation, declaring that the Kiowas owned all the land from the North Platte River to the upper Texas Panhandle and needed room to roam about. Shortly afterward, in early 1866, he died.

paragraph: Section::::Beginning of the reservation era.

paragraph: As noted earlier, though the chief position in the Kata or Arikara band of the Kiowa Indians was hereditary, it was not necessarily given from father to son, and in this case, it was not.

paragraph: Dohäsan's sister's son, Agiati or "Gathering Feathers" inherited his name in 1864. The younger Dohäsan took part in the remaining battles as the Kiowa struggled to remain a free people. But time was running out, and he was part of the delegation to Washington in 1872, which appealed to the government to allow the Kiowa to remain free.

paragraph: Afterward, as the remaining Kiowa went to the reservation, the younger Dohäsan lived with his family in peace on the reservation near Fort Sill until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Artist and calendar keeper.

paragraph: Dohäsan was the primary calendar keeper among the Kiowa throughout most of the 19th century. He added many innovations to Kiowa pictorial art. In his winter count, he added an image for each year's summer Sun Dance. To painted tipi designs, Dohäsan introduced images of counting coup. When he died, his nephew Agiati became a calendar keeper, followed in turn by Agiati's son, Silver Horn (1860–1940), one of the most prolific of all Kiowa artists.

paragraph: Dohäsen's original calendar is in the collection of the Phoebe Hearst Museum of Anthropology at the University of California at Berkeley. In 1892 the young Dohäsan gave his annual family calendar history, begun by his uncle, the last great principal chief of the Kiowa, to Capt. Hugh L. Scott, who in turn donated it to the Smithsonian Institution.

paragraph: Dohasan's descendents included his granddaughter, Betty Nixon, who co-founded the Mid-America All-Indian Center in Wichita, Kansas, in 1976.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- First Battle of Adobe Walls

paragraph: BULLET::::- Texas-Indian Wars

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Native American artists

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Davis, Lucile, "The Kiowa of Texas", New York : PowerKids Press, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Greene, Candace S. "Silver Horn: Master Illustrator of the Kiowas." Norman: University of Oklahoma, 2001. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Greene, Candace S. and Russell Thornton, eds. "The Year the Stars Fell: Lakota Winter Counts at the Smithsonian". Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mayhall, Mildred. "The Kiowas". Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1962.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bial, Raymond. "Lifeways: The Comanche". New York: Benchmark Books, 2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brice, Donaly E. "The Great Comanche Raid: Boldest Indian Attack on the Texas Republic" McGowan Book Co. 1987

paragraph: BULLET::::- John, Elizabeth and A.H. Storms "Brewed in Other Men's Worlds: The Confrontation of the Indian, Spanish, and French in the Southwest", 1540-1795. College Station, TX: Texas A&M Press, 1975.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Dohasan

description: 19th century Kiowa chief and calendar-keeper

wikidata_label: Dohasan

wikipedia_title: Dohasan


text:
SDB
Argentine
prelate
Roman Catholic Church
Archbishop of Mercedes-Luján
profession
Salesians of Don Bosco
ordained
priesthood
Bishop of Neuquén
Pope John Paul II
episcopal consecration
Argimiro Moure Piñeiro
Jaime de Nevares
Jorge Meinvielle
co-consecrators
Neuquén
ordinary
Bishop of Lomas de Zamora
diocese
Pope Benedict XVI
Roman Catholic
religious institute
Catholic-Hierarchy

categories: Argentine Roman Catholic archbishops,Salesians of Don Bosco,1944 births,20th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Living people

paragraph: Agustín Roberto Radrizzani

paragraph: Agustín Roberto Radrizzani, SDB (born September 22, 1944) is an Argentine prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He currently serves as Archbishop of Mercedes-Luján.

paragraph: Radrizzani made his profession as a member of the Salesians of Don Bosco on January 5, 1968, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 25, 1972.

paragraph: On May 14, 1991, he was appointed Bishop of Neuquén by Pope John Paul II. Radrizzani received his episcopal consecration on the following July 20 from Bishop Argimiro Moure Piñeiro, SDB, with Bishops Jaime de Nevares, SDB, and Jorge Meinvielle, SDB, serving as co-consecrators. He was installed as Neuquén's ordinary on August 17 of that same year.

paragraph: He was later named Bishop of Lomas de Zamora on April 24, 2001, being installed on the following June 23. After six years in the diocese, he was promoted by Pope Benedict XVI to Archbishop of Mercedes-Luján on December 27, 2007. Radrizzani is the first Salesian and member of any Roman Catholic religious institute to serve as Archbishop of that see.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic-Hierarchy

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Agustín Roberto Radrizzani

wikipedia_title: Agustín Roberto Radrizzani