text:
first-class cricket
Nottinghamshire
England
Kirkby-in-Ashfield
Nottinghamshire
his son
County Championship
Australia
Arthur Jones
George Gunn
Jack Hobbs
Test matches
umpire
Joe Hardstaff Jr
Cricinfo page on Joe Hardstaff
Cricket Archive

categories: Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers,Players cricketers,1947 deaths,English Test cricket umpires,Nottinghamshire cricketers,English cricketers,People from Kirkby-in-Ashfield,England Test cricketers,North v South cricketers,1882 births

paragraph: Joe Hardstaff Sr

paragraph: Joseph Hardstaff (9 November 1882 – 2 April 1947) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Nottinghamshire and England. He was born in Kirkby-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. With the rise to cricket prominence of his son, also called Joseph (Joe), he is generally referred to as "Joe Hardstaff senior" or "Joe Hardstaff Sr".

paragraph: Hardstaff made his debut during 1902, playing one match against Lancashire scoring 2. He was a central figure in the Notts side until he retired at the end of the 1924 season. He was primarily a middle-order batsman, though he occasionally bowled medium, especially after the war. Having helped his county to its first County Championship in 1907, he was picked for the tour to Australia in 1907/08, captained by the Nottinghamshire county captain Arthur Jones. Hardstaff was a big success on the tour, scoring more runs in first-class matches than any other batsman, and coming third, behind George Gunn and Jack Hobbs, in the Test matches. His subsequent form precluded further selection for although he passed 1000 runs seven times in England, and once on his sole overseas tour. Apart from 1911, he rarely featured amongst the leading batsmen in the averages. He was selected, surprisingly, in 1910, for the Players against the Gentlemen at Lords. He appeared three times in this fixture at the Oval.

paragraph: He was on the MCC staff during the early part of his career and after he retired.

paragraph: After retirement, he played occasional matches for MCC and became a first-class umpire, standing in 21 Test matches. His appearances at International level were limited because of the inclusion of his son Joe Hardstaff Jr in the England team from the mid-1930s.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cricinfo page on Joe Hardstaff

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cricket Archive

description: cricketer

wikidata_label: Joe Hardstaff senior

wikipedia_title: Joe Hardstaff Sr


text: DBE

text: CMG

text: soprano

text: Christchurch

text: Pymble Ladies' College

text: Lady Gowrie

text: Governor of New South Wales

text: Lord Gowrie

text: Dino Borgioli

text: Puccini

text: Elizabethan Theatre Trust

text: Royal Opera House

text: La Scala

text: Vienna State Opera

text: Bolshoi

text: aria

text: O mio babbino caro

text: Puccini

text: Gianni Schicchi

text: Gold Record

text: Dvořák

text: Rusalka

text: Verdi

text: Handel

text: Tchaikovsky

text: Massenet

text: Beethoven

text: folk song

text: art song

text: lied

text: St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle

text: Victorian State Opera

text: Richard Divall

text: Australia Council for the Arts

text: Opera Australia

text: Victorian College of the Arts

text: Cheryl Barker

text: Aireys Inlet

text: Ash Wednesday bushfires

text: Bowral

text: New South Wales

text: Joan Carden

text: Birthday Honours

text: Order of the British Empire

text: Order of St Michael and St George

text: Moffatt Oxenbould

text: Hammond residence

text: Victor Gollancz

text: Allen & Unwin

text: Hammond, Joan Hood (1912–1996)

text: National Library of Australia

text: "Dame Joan Hammond"

categories: 1912 births,20th-century Australian singers,Australian operatic sopranos,20th-century opera singers,Sydney Conservatorium of Music alumni,Disease-related deaths in Australia,20th-century women singers,Australian female golfers,Australian Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire,1996 deaths,People from Christchurch,Australian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George,Singers awarded knighthoods,Sporting dames

paragraph: Joan Hammond

paragraph: Dame Joan Hilda Hood Hammond, DBE, CMG (24 May 191226 November 1996) was an Australian operatic soprano, singing coach and champion golfer.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Joan Hilda Hood Hammond was born and baptised in Christchurch, New Zealand. Her father, Samuel Hood, was born in England. He married his first wife, Edith, then left her and took up with Hammond's mother, Hilda Blandford, by whom he also had two sons in England. He informally added "Hammond" to his name and they represented themselves as "Mr and Mrs Samuel H. Hammond" although they were not married at the time.

paragraph: Hammond was born in May 1912, not long after the family had arrived in New Zealand. She was six months old when her family moved again, to Sydney, Australia. Her parents finally married in Sydney on 25 May 1927, the day after her 15th birthday, although there is no evidence Samuel's first wife had died by that time, or that they had ever divorced.

paragraph: Hammond attended Pymble Ladies' College and excelled in both sports and music. She studied violin and singing at the New South Wales State Conservatorium of Music in Sydney, and played violin for three years with the Sydney Philharmonic Orchestra before studying singing in Vienna in 1936.

paragraph: Section::::Golfer.

paragraph: Hammond won the women's junior golf championship for New South Wales in 1929, and the women's amateur state championship in 1932, 1934, and 1935. When she became well known as a golfer, she started to sign her name as "Joan Hood Hammond", and newspaper articles would sometimes hyphenate this as "Joan Hood-Hammond"; however, she later dropped the "Hood".

paragraph: Section::::Opera.

paragraph: An encounter with Lady Gowrie, the wife of the then Governor of New South Wales, Lord Gowrie, made the young Joan Hammond's dreams of studying in Europe possible. She would often refer to Lady Gowrie as her "guardian angel". Hammond's fellow golfers in New South Wales raised enough money for her to leave Australia in 1936 to study in Vienna. She also studied with Dino Borgioli in London. She toured widely, and became noted particularly for her Puccini roles. She returned to Australia for concert tours in 1946, 1949 and 1953, and starred in the second Elizabethan Theatre Trust opera season in 1957. She undertook world concert tours between 1946 and 1961. Her autobiography, "A Voice, a Life", was published in 1970.

paragraph: Dame Joan Hammond appeared in the major opera houses of the world – the Royal Opera House, La Scala, the Vienna State Opera and the Bolshoi. Her fame in Britain came not just from her stage appearances but from her recordings. She made famous the aria "O mio babbino caro" from Puccini's opera "Gianni Schicchi". Recorded in English under the title "O My Beloved Father", it earned Hammond a Gold Record award for 1 million sold copies on 27 August 1969. Her recording of "O, Silver Moon" from Dvořák's "Rusalka" was also a huge seller. A prolific artist, Hammond's repertoire also encompassed Verdi, Handel, Tchaikovsky, Massenet, Beethoven, as well as folk song, art song, and lieder.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: A heart attack in 1965 forced Hammond to retire from the stage. Her final performance was at the funeral of her "guardian angel", Lady Gowrie, on 30 July 1965, at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. This occasion was also memorable for the fact that Hammond was the first woman ever granted royal permission to sing in that chapel.

paragraph: Hammond retired to Australia. She became patron and a life member of the Melbourne-based Victorian Opera Company (since 1976, the Victorian State Opera – VSO), founded in 1962 by Leonard Spira. She was the VSO's artistic director from 1971 until 1976 and remained on the board until 1985. Working with the then general manager, Peter Burch, she invited the young conductor Richard Divall to become the company's Musical Director in 1972. She joined the Victorian Council of the Arts, was a member of the Australia Council for the Arts opera advisory panel, and was an Honorary Life Member of Opera Australia. She was important to the success of both the VSO and Opera Australia.

paragraph: Hammond embarked on a second career as a voice teacher after her performance career ended. In 1975, she was appointed the head of the voice faculty at the Victorian College of the Arts, where she remained until her retirement seventeen years later in 1992. In that time she trained an extraordinary number of Australian singers who had successful careers in Australia and on the international stage. Among her notable pupils is soprano Cheryl Barker.

paragraph: In 1983, her home at Aireys Inlet was destroyed by the Ash Wednesday bushfires and she lost all her possessions including the memorabilia of a lifetime.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: She died in 1996 in Bowral, New South Wales, aged 84, never having married, and was buried in the Bowral General Cemetery. Joan Carden sang at Hammond's funeral and memorial concert, both of which were held in Melbourne.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: In the Queen's Birthday Honours of 1953, she was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for her singing.

paragraph: In the Queen's Birthday Honours of 1963 she was promoted to Commander (CBE). In the Queen's Birthday Honours of 1974 she was promoted within the order to Dame Commander (DBE) for distinguished services to singing.

paragraph: In the New Year's Day Honours of 1972 she was made a Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) for services to young opera singers.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: She received the Sir Charles Santley Award from the Worshipful Company of Musicians, London in 1970 as "Musician of the Year". In 1986, the Victoria State Opera created the Dame Joan Hammond Award with Moffatt Oxenbould as its inaugural recipient.

paragraph: In 1989, the Hammond residence at Deakin University was opened by her and named in her honour.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hammond, Joan. "A Voice, a Life". Victor Gollancz (1970);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hardy, Sara. "Dame Joan Hammond: Love and Music". Allen & Unwin (2009);

paragraph: BULLET::::- D. Brook, "Singers of Today" (Revised Edition) Rockliff, London (1958), pp. 104–109.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hammond, Joan Hood (1912–1996), profile and further links

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joan Hammond – programs and related material at the National Library of Australia

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dame Joan Hammond", full interview transcript by Robin Hughes, recorded on 28 January 1992. Transcript held at Australian Biography.

description: Australian operatic soprano and golfer

wikidata_label: Joan Hammond

wikipedia_title: Joan Hammond


text:
Nottingham
British
motorcycle
road racer
scrambler
British Superbike Championship
Superbike World Championship
Tommy Hill
Kawasaki ZX-10R
British Superbike Championship
Formula One
Ayrton Senna
Bell's Palsy
motocross
Grands Prix
Yamaha
Niall Mackenzie
Steve Hislop
Troy Bayliss
Ducati
Suzuki
Donington Park
Neil Hodgson
Brands Hatch
wild card
Assen
2001
Shell
Honda
Superbike World Championship
Ducati
Carl Fogarty
Petronas
James Toseland
Troy Corser
Kawasaki
Valencia
Cal Crutchlow
Neil Hodgson
Oulton Park
Jonathan Rea
Gregorio Lavilla
Tom Sykes
Supersport World Championship
Katsuaki Fujiwara
Paul Bird VK Vent-Axia
Brands Hatch
Donington Park
Mallory Park
Josh Brookes
Simon Andrews
Yamaha
Suzuki
BSB
Simon Andrews
World Superbikes
Be Wiser Insurance
Dickies
Tommy Hill
graphic design
Langley Mill
Mapperley
Mansfield
Ollerton
Nottinghamshire
Personal Website
Column by Chris Walker from 2002
Chris Walker full profile

categories: British motorcycle racers,1972 births,Sportspeople from Nottingham,Superbike World Championship riders,Supersport World Championship riders,Living people,500cc World Championship riders,250cc World Championship riders,English motorcycle racers,Sport in Nottingham,British Superbike Championship riders

paragraph: Chris Walker (motorcyclist)

paragraph: Chris Walker (born 25 March 1972 in Nottingham) is a British motorcycle road racer and former scrambler with the nickname "The Stalker". He is a four-time runner-up in the British Superbike Championship, and a former race winner in the Superbike World Championship. For the 2015 season Walker signed for Tommy Hill's "Be Wiser Kawasaki Team" aboard a Kawasaki ZX-10R in the British Superbike Championship, following his 2014 season with Lloyds British GBmoto squad. Team manager Hill left in August, 2015, and the team folded in September, leaving Walker without a ride for the final two race meetings of the season.

paragraph: In early 2016, Walker announced he would no longer participate in superbikes, instead switching to the British Sidecar Championship, initially with a two-year contract. With no previous experience, Walker stated he was excited by the future opportunities.

paragraph: Like Formula One legend Ayrton Senna, Walker developed Bell's Palsy in 2002 which paralysed part of his face. He lists his determination as his best feature, and his love of puddings as his worst. He usually races #9.

paragraph: Section::::Early years and British Superbike Championship 1995–2000.

paragraph: Walker only started road racing in 1995 after many years as an accomplished motocross rider, but by the end of that year and into 1996 he rose through the ranks with ease and had ridden in Grands Prix and scored points.

paragraph: In 1997 he challenged for the prestigious British Superbike championship with Yamaha, finishing as runner-up to experienced team-mate Niall Mackenzie. He switched to Kawasaki for 1998, winning in the season’s first race, before it became clear that the Yamahas of Mackenzie and Steve Hislop were the bikes to beat. Injury to Hislop allowed Walker to take 2nd in the series again, a feat he repeated behind Troy Bayliss’ Ducati in 1999.

paragraph: He came agonisingly close to the 2000 title, when an engine failure in his Suzuki took him out of a winning position with just three laps remaining of the final race at Donington Park, leaving Walker in tears and gifting the title to GSE Ducati’s Neil Hodgson. He did however take a second place at Brands Hatch in the World Superbike round that year, the best of his many wild card entries in the UK rounds (and occasionally Assen in the Netherlands) over the years.

paragraph: Section::::500 cc World Championship 2001 and World Superbikes 2002–2006.

paragraph: Walker made an attempt at the 500 cc World Championship in 2001. He predicted that "For me it's going to be the toughest year ever", which proved accurate, as the factory Shell-sponsored Honda was hard to ride and forced Walker to override, resulting in many huge crashes. In , he moved to the Superbike World Championship, initially with the Fuchs Kawasaki team.

paragraph: Walker placed 6th in the championship for GSE Ducati in , and 11th for Carl Fogarty's Foggy Petronas team in , respectively teamed with James Toseland and Troy Corser (both of whom won the title the next season, Toseland riding the Fila Ducati to success and Corser the Alstare Suzuki in ).

paragraph: In , he joined the PSG-1 Kawasaki Corse team, proving to be the most consistent Kawasaki rider in terms of pace and results, securing one podium finish (3rd place, round 6 at Valencia) and finishing 7th place overall.

paragraph: Despite his finishing position, Walker was subsequently dropped by PSG for the season, while Kawasaki still supported PSG as an official factory team.

paragraph: Section::::Return to the British Superbike Championship 2007.

paragraph: Walker initially struggled on the Rizla Suzuki in the British Superbike championship, occasionally outpaced by rookie team-mate Cal Crutchlow. When Neil Hodgson tested the bike some speculated that Walker's ride was under threat. The team insisted it wasn't, and at Oulton Park he took third in race one, in tricky conditions which saw many top riders (such as Jonathan Rea, Gregorio Lavilla and Tom Sykes) crash out. This was only his second podium of the season. His points tally for the year was 225, comparing favourably to his team-mate's 152.

paragraph: Section::::World Supersport 2008.

paragraph: He was not retained for 2008, but raced in the Supersport World Championship for the very first time in and , for the GIL Kawasaki team alongside teammate Katsuaki Fujiwara. However, the bike was not competitive, and he switched to the Paul Bird VK Vent-Axia team in World Superbikes for the final five rounds of the season. He opened with minor points at Brands Hatch, but crashed twice at Donington Park.

paragraph: Section::::British Superbike Championship 2009–2013.

paragraph: For 2009 he was optimistic of a top British Superbike Championship ride, as all the established good riders are gone. He ultimately joined the Henderson Yamaha team, but struggled for much of the year. He was competitive in race 1 at Mallory Park until chaos and controversy struck. He was running second when Josh Brookes lost control of his bike and catapulted race leader Simon Andrews, dropping oil from Brookes' Honda. Walker was one of five other riders who either crashed or downed their bikes to avoid crashing. The red flag was shown, but these seven riders were excluded from the results, due to an unexpected application of the rules. Brookes received a two-race ban for his mistake.

paragraph: For 2010 Walker was released by the Motorpoint Henderson Yamaha. It looked like he would not be racing in 2010, but he arranged a deal wirh on a privately run Suzuki tuned by former BSB rider Ray Stringer just a week before the opening round. After 2 races Walker was offered a ride in the MSS Kawasaki team when Simon Andrews was injured in a crash while guesting in World Superbikes. He returned to the Suzuki once Andrews was fit again, but raced for SMT Honda at Snetterton, scoring the team's best 2010 results of two sevenths and an eleventh in the process

paragraph: During 2011 and 2012 Walker rode for Pr1mo Bournemouth Kawasaki, and for 2013 he rode with Quattro Plant Kawasaki.

paragraph: Section::::British Superbike Championship 2014 and 2015.

paragraph: After a season with Lloyds British GBmoto on a Kawasaki ZX-10R, for 2015 Walker changed to Be Wiser Kawasaki Team, again riding a ZX-10R, for a team owned by "Alan Greig", having "Be Wiser Insurance" as main sponsor and part-sponsored by Dickies industrial clothing.

paragraph: As the oldest rider competing in British Superbikes, Walker's extensive experience with superbike machines and Kawasaki makes him ideal as lead-rider to develop the new squad, partnered by Danny Buchan, fresh from his 2014 success as "Pirelli National Superstock 1000 Champion".

paragraph: Former BSB rider and 2012 Champion Tommy Hill was team-manager, making his return to racing after three years' absence developing his graphic design business. Hill left in August, 2015, and the team folded in September, leaving Walker without a ride for the final two race meetings of the season.

paragraph: Section::::British Sidecar Championship 2016.

paragraph: Walker competed in the 2016 British Sidecar Championship with 2012 World Sidecar Champion passenger Ashley Hawes in the chair. With over 6 podium finishes already this year and a 100% race finish record, Chris and Ashley lie a comfortable 4th in the championship with only 4 races remaining.

paragraph: Section::::British Superbike Championship 2017.

paragraph: According to an article by Oli Rushby on Motorcycle News.com, Chris Walker sustained injuries during the "eight round of the 2017 MCE British Superbike Championship at Cadwell Park after a nasty crash in Friday’s Sidecar session." Rushby went on to report that "[t]he multiple BSB runner-up crashed his Kawasaki-powered Santander Salt outfit at Mansfield and was taken to hospital with suspected back injuries", before being "confirmed he sustained a break to his T4 vertebrae... as well as a broken nose."

paragraph: Walker is planning on participating in the Hyundai Construction British Sidecar Championship with TAG Racing with the support of team-mate Tom Christie.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Chris' father John was the proprietor of "John Walker Superbikes", a retail motorcycle dealership in Langley Mill, Nottingham, which also owned Fox's Kawasaki in Mapperley, Nottingham, and Wraggs Motorcycles in Mansfield.

paragraph: Chris Walker lives in Ollerton, Nottinghamshire, and also runs a Kawasaki dealership Chris Walker Kawasaki in Grantham www.chriswalkerkawasaki.com

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: Stats correct as of 9 July 2012

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Personal Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Column by Chris Walker from 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chris Walker full profile

description: British motorcycle road racer

wikidata_label: Chris Walker

wikipedia_title: Chris Walker (motorcyclist)


text:
Japanese
motorcycle
road racer
500 cc/MotoGP
road traffic accident
Auto Race
Tokyo
minibikes
motocross
road racing
United States
All Japan Road Race Championship
1994
wild card
Kenny Roberts
Yamaha
Valentino Rossi
1995
1997
Wayne Rainey
d'Antin
Antena 3
1999
Rio de Janeiro
Suzuka
2002
MotoGP
four-stroke
Yamaha YZR-M1
2004
Superbike World Championship
2005
Noriyuki Haga
Andrew Pitt
2006
All Japan Superbike Championship
Yamaha T-Max
scooter
Kawasaki, Kanagawa
U-turn
NorickAbe.com
Norick Abe
F1 Network
Norick Abe's funeral images
SuperbikePlanet.com

categories: Sportspeople from Tokyo,Motorcycle road incident deaths,Superbike World Championship riders,Yamaha Motor Racing MotoGP riders,1975 births,500cc World Championship riders,2007 deaths,Japanese motorcycle racers,Tech 3 MotoGP riders,Road incident deaths in Japan

paragraph: Norifumi Abe

paragraph: , or was a Japanese professional motorcycle road racer who was previously a 500 cc/MotoGP rider. He died in a road traffic accident in October 2007.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Abe was born to , an Auto Race rider, in Tokyo. When he was eleven, Abe began racing minibikes and spent his earlier career competing in motocross. He turned to road racing when he was fifteen and also competed in the United States. In 1992, Abe was the runner up in the 250 cc category for the domestic National A championship. The following year at the All Japan Road Race Championship, Abe won the 500 cc title in the category's final year and became the youngest title winner.

paragraph: In 1994, while racing in his home championship, Abe had a chance to race at the 1994 Japanese Grand Prix as a "wild card". He shocked the field by challenging for the win until three laps from the finish before falling off. Abe's performance impressed Kenny Roberts's Yamaha team, and was offered two more rides that year which yielded two 6th places and earned him a full-time Grand Prix ride for the 1995 season. This performance also so impressed a 14-year-old Valentino Rossi, that he took on the nickname "Rossifumi" and used it in his early career in deference to such a committed and spectacular racer.

paragraph: Abe took his first podium finish in 1995, and his first win and 5th overall in the championship a year later. His team in 1997 was run by another former champion, Wayne Rainey, and Abe took regular points finishes over the next two seasons, including four podiums. He joined the d'Antin Antena 3 team in 1999, won at Rio de Janeiro that year, and won again at Suzuka a year later. Abe spent two seasons on less competitive machinery, yet his race results ensured his 100% record of top 10 championship finishes continued.

paragraph: However, 2002 was the first year of MotoGP regulations, and Abe did not get on well with the four-stroke machinery. As such, when D'Antin switched over to the Yamaha YZR-M1 for 2003, Abe left the team and acted as a factory test rider and occasional wild card racer for Yamaha. He got another chance on the Tech 3 Yamaha team for 2004, but was unsuccessful, and was moved to Yamaha's returning Superbike World Championship squad for 2005. Despite having less factory support than Noriyuki Haga and Andrew Pitt, Abe finished in the championship top 10. In 2006 he was less competitive, failing to score a podium.

paragraph: In 2007, Abe competed in the All Japan Superbike Championship, again on a Yamaha.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: On October 7, 2007 while riding a 500 cc Yamaha T-Max scooter in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Abe was involved in a traffic accident with a truck, which made an illegal U-turn in front of him, at 6:20 p.m. local time. He was pronounced dead two and a half hours later, at 8:50 p.m., at the hospital where he was taken for treatment.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NorickAbe.com - Official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norick Abe at the F1 Network

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norick Abe's funeral images at SuperbikePlanet.com

description: Japanese motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Norifumi Abe

wikipedia_title: Norifumi Abe


text:
Birger Jarl
House of Bjelbo
Magnus Minnesköld
Ingrid Ylva
Franciscan
Uppsala
Bathing
North Yorkshire
Arnön
Uppland
Södermanland
House of Bjelbo
Mats Kettil Mundsson

categories: Swedish nobility,Year of birth missing,1276 deaths

paragraph: Gregers Birgersson

paragraph: Gregers Birgersson (died January 15, 1276) Greger/Gregory/Gregorius was a Swedish knight, a major landowner and an illegitimate son of Birger Jarl of the House of Bjelbo (also known as the House of Folkung). He was born out of wedlock by an unknown woman. He was the grandson of Magnus Minnesköld and Ingrid Ylva.

paragraph: The proof that Birger Jarl had an illegitimate son, "Gregory" (i.e., Gregers) is in the record of his death (1276) found by the Danish 1600-century historian Otto Sperling excerpts from the transcript are also confirmed by a charter March 27, 1272, issued by the "G quondam ducis

paragraph: Filius".

paragraph: His death was recorded on January 15, 1276 he was buried in Minoriterna, a Franciscan monastery in Uppsala. Very little remains of the monastery, apparently it has been partially excavated and several graves were found.

paragraph: He was a landowner in Bathing in North Yorkshire and the Arnön in Uppland and he was married to an unknown woman who owned an estate in Södermanland.

paragraph: He is regarded in history as the father of the clan called “Bjälboättens oäkta gren” (the illegitimate branch of the House of Bjelbo).

paragraph: Section::::Children.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Knut Gregersson

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Jon Gregersson

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Magnus Gregersson

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Karl Gregersson

paragraph: BULLET::::5. NN Gregersdotter, married Filip Ingevaldsson (Örnsparre)

paragraph: BULLET::::6. NN Gregersdatter possibly the mother of Mats Kettil Mundsson

description: Swedish knight

wikidata_label: Gregers Birgersson

wikipedia_title: Gregers Birgersson


text:
Gadsby
Ed Park
lipogram
self-publishing press

categories: 1872 births,20th-century American male writers,20th-century American novelists,American male novelists,1939 deaths

paragraph: Ernest Vincent Wright

paragraph: Ernest Vincent Wright (1872October 7, 1939) was an American author known for his book "Gadsby", a 50,000-word novel which, except for the introduction and a note at the end, did not use the letter "e".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The biographical details of his life are unclear. A 2002 article in the "Village Voice" by Ed Park said he might have been English by birth but was more probably American. The article said he might have served in the navy and that he has been incorrectly called a graduate of MIT. The article says that he attended a vocational high school attached to MIT in 1888 but there is no record that he graduated. Park said rumors that Wright died within hours of "Gadsby" being published are untrue.

paragraph: In October 1930 Wright approached the "Evening Independent" newspaper and proposed it sponsor a blue lipogram writing competition, with $250 for the winner. In the letter, he boasted of the quality of "Gadsby". The newspaper declined his offer.

paragraph: A 2007 post on the "Bookride" blog about rare books says Wright spent five and a half months writing "Gadsby" on a typewriter with the "e" key tied down. According to the unsigned entry at Bookride, a warehouse holding copies of Gadsby burned shortly after the book was printed, destroying "most copies of the ill-fated novel." The blog post says the book was never reviewed "and only kept alive by the efforts of a few avant-garde French intellos and assorted connoisseurs of the odd, weird and zany." The book's scarcity and oddness has seen copies priced at $4,000 by book dealers.

paragraph: Wright completed a draft of "Gadsby" in 1936, during a nearly six-month stint at the National Military Home in California. He failed to find a publisher and used a self-publishing press to bring out the book.

paragraph: Wright previously authored three other books: "The Wonderful Fairies of the Sun" (1896), "The Fairies That Run the World and How They Do It" (1903), and "Thoughts and Reveries of an American Bluejacket" (1918). His humorous poem, "When Father Carves the Duck", can be found in some anthologies.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

description: American writer

wikidata_label: Ernest Vincent Wright

wikipedia_title: Ernest Vincent Wright


text:
Livonia
Saint Meinhard
Bishop of Livonia
Cistercian
Turaida
abbot
Daugavgrīva
monastery
Estonia
Albert of Buxhoeveden
Bishop of Riga
Leal
Chronicle of Henry of Livonia
Fulco, Bishop of Estonia
Estonian Institute

categories: 12th-century births,People of medieval Estonia,1219 deaths,13th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Year of birth unknown,Christians of the Livonian Crusade,People from Livonia

paragraph: Theoderich von Treyden

paragraph: Theoderich (or Theoderich von Treyden) was the second known missionary in Livonia after Saint Meinhard, the first Bishop of Livonia. He was previously a Cistercian monk working as a priest in Turaida (1191–1202), the first abbot of Daugavgrīva monastery (1202–1211), and appointed Bishop of Estonia during 1211–1219 by Albert of Buxhoeveden, the Bishop of Riga. He had apparently worked in missionary activities in Estonia already in 1191.

paragraph: Theoderich was killed by Estonians in 1219. After his death, the title "Bishop of Estonia" was no longer used, being temporarily replaced by the "Bishop of Leal" before the Estonian territory was divided into several dioceses.

paragraph: What little is known about Theoderich's life, is recorded in several contemporary documents and the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fulco, Bishop of Estonia

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- by the Estonian Institute.

description: Bishop of Estonia

wikidata_label: Theoderich von Treyden

wikipedia_title: Theoderich von Treyden


text:
Douglas, Isle of Man
Manx
Sidecar
Isle of Man TT
solo bike
Joey Dunlop
John McGuinness
Michael Dunlop
Snaefell Mountain Course
Manx Grand Prix
Cronk-y-Voddy Straight
A3
Colin Hardman
1989 Sidecar TT.
2006
Rhencullen
Donald Campbell
Yamaha
Honda
Suzuki
Kawasaki
Rob Fisher
Nick Crowe
Tim Reeves
3 Wheeling
limited theatrical release
Matthew Barney
Cremaster 4
TT database rider profile
TT database TT results
Dave Molyneux film profile
IMDb

categories: Manx motorcycle racers,1963 births,Living people,Isle of Man TT riders

paragraph: Dave Molyneux

paragraph: Dave Molyneux (born 21 November 1963 in Douglas, Isle of Man) is a Manx professional Sidecar racer. He is the most successful Sidecar competitor in the history of the Isle of Man TT races, achieving 17 TT victories and 30 podium finishes. His race wins place him fourth on the all-time wins list, behind solo bike racers Joey Dunlop (26 wins), John McGuinness (23) and Michael Dunlop.

paragraph: Moly, as he is often known, was the sidecar lap record holder for the Snaefell mountain course set in 2015 with a time of 19 minutes 23.056 seconds, an average race speed of 116.785 mph for 1 lap.

paragraph: In 2013, a right-hand bend on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for TT and Manx Grand Prix races at the end of Cronk-y-Voddy Straight on the main A3 road was named "Molyneux's" in recognition of his wins, together with John McGuinness who was similarly honoured.

paragraph: Section::::Raceology.

paragraph: Beginning his TT career at the 1985 races, Molyneux failed to record a finish until his fifth outing in the first race at the 1987 'A' race where he placed tenth, but failed to finish in his sixth event, the 'B' race "(the event is raced over two legs with the overall winner performing the best in terms of aggregate)". Improvement continued 1988 with a sixth-place finish in the first leg of the Sidecar TT before retirement in the second race.

paragraph: The 1989 meeting saw Molyneux begin to dominate the event with his maiden TT victory. Campaigning a Bregazzi Yamaha and partnered by experienced passenger Colin Hardman, the team took first place in the 'A' and third in the 'B' race. This resulted in Molyneux and Hardman claiming overall victory for the 1989 Sidecar TT.

paragraph: Dave Molyneux and Craig Hallam crashed during Thursday afternoon practice session for the 2006 races at Rhencullen after the sidecar outfit experienced a 140 mph Donald Campbell "bluebird-style flip." The outfit was destroyed in the resulting fire and Molyneux was unable to compete in the actual races due to injury. He made a comeback the following year taking a double victory, bringing his tally of wins to 13 at that time.

paragraph: His 14th victory came in 2009, when he also became the first winner of a TT sidecar race on a Suzuki powered machine. The lone race of 2009 saw him set a new race record on his Suzuki, (see above).

paragraph: Moly did not compete at the TT in 2011 (although he rode the ex-Biland / O'Dell Seymaz Yamaha in the classic parade, with former TT passenger Karl Ellison), but he returned to the TT in 2012 on a Kawasaki powered machine winning both races. The first 2012 Sidecar race also made Molyneux the first ever competitor to win TTs using all four of the major Japanese manufacturers engines (Yamaha, Honda, Suzuki & Kawasaki).

paragraph: 2014 saw him take his 17th TT win in the second sidecar race. He led the first race by more than 20 seconds until an engine misfire caused him to stop on the final lap.

paragraph: He is also a builder of road racing sidecars under the name DMR, Dave Molyneux Racing, and has supplied sidecars to many other TT winners including 10-time winner Rob Fisher, 2006 double winner Nick Crowe and 6x FIM World Champion Tim Reeves.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: In 2017, Molyneux received top billing for his role in the film 3 Wheeling, an observational documentary filmed during TT period of 2016. The film premiered on 7 May 2017, followed by a limited theatrical release of 72 commercial screenings in cinemas in Northern Ireland, Germany, and the Isle of Man. Molyneux has not watched the film because he considers his racing efforts during the filming period to be "an absolute disaster", but praised the filmmakers for their hard work and ambitious promotion of Sidecar racing.

paragraph: In 1994, Molyneux choreographed and performed the motorcycle stuntwork for Matthew Barney's film Cremaster 4, the first film in the acclaimed Cremaster series.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- TT database rider profile iomtt.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- TT database TT results iomtt.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dave Molyneux film profile at the IMDb

description: British motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Dave Molyneux

wikipedia_title: Dave Molyneux


text: Russia

text: Russian Premier League

text: FC Terek Grozny

text: FC Terek Grozny

text: Russian Cup

text: FC Luch-Energiya Vladivostok

categories: Living people,Russian people of Chechen descent,FC Akhmat Grozny players,Association football forwards,Russian footballers,1991 births,Chechen people

paragraph: Tarko Islamov

paragraph: Tarko Alikhanovich Islamov (, born June 22, 1991) is a Russian footballer who currently plays for the Russian Premier League team FC Terek Grozny.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Islamov made his professional debut for FC Terek Grozny on 13 July 2010 in the Russian Cup game against FC Luch-Energiya Vladivostok.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Player page on the official FC Terek Grozny website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Player page on the official Russian Premier League website

description: Russian footballer

wikidata_label: Tarko Islamov

wikipedia_title: Tarko Islamov


text: Ta'if

text: Wasit

text: Umayyad Caliphate

text: Abbasid

text: Ta'if

text: Hijaz

text: Saudi Arabia

text: al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba

text: Kufa

text: Umayyad

text: Mu'awiya

text: Second Fitna

text: Harra

text: Medina

text: Tihama

text: Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan

text: Damascus

text: shurta

text: Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr

text: Iraq

text: Patricia Crone

text: Aban ibn Marwan

text: Palestine

text: Qays

text: Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi

text: al-Qariqisiya

text: Raja ibn Haywa

text: Battle of Maskin

text: Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr

text: Mecca

text: attack Mecca

text: hajj

text: Ka'aba

text: Yemen

text: al-Yamama

text: AH

text: first Umayyad siege

text: Basra

text: Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan

text: Bishr ibn Marwan

text: Hugh N. Kennedy

text: Persia

text: Khurasan

text: Mesopotamia

text: Central Asia

text: Indian subcontinent

text: Kharijism

text: Ridda wars

text: Sawad

text: Jibal

text: Sistan

text: Umayya ibn Abdallah ibn Khalid ibn Asid

text: al-Walid

text: G. R. Hawting

text: Muhammad

text: Yazid II

text: Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan

text: Sulayman

text: Ramhurmuz

text: al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra

text: Azariqa

text: Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a

text: Shabib ibn Yazid al-Shaybani

text: Dujayl

text: Khuzistan

text: Mada'in

text: Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Bakra

text: Zabulistan

text: Zunbil

text: ashrāf

text: Pharaoh

text: Tustar

text: Battle of Dayr al-Jamajim

text: Herat

text: Yazid ibn al-Muhallab

text: Mudar

text: Wasit

text: Muhammad ibn al-Qasim al-Thaqafi

text: Sindh

text: Qutayba ibn Muslim

text: Transoxiana

text: Mujja'a ibn Si'r

text: Oman

text: Chach Nama

text: Arab conquest

text: Debal

text: Serendib

text: Sri Lanka

text: Makran

text: Balochistan

text: Salasal

text: Qādisiyyah

text: Nahawand

text: Sasanian

text: Allah

text: diwān

text: kharāj

text: al-Baladhuri

text: mawālī

text: Quran

text: ajzā

text: vowel diacritics

text: Ibn Mas'ud

text: qirā'a

text: Friday prayer

text: Ibn Khallikan

text: Julius Wellhausen

text: Browne, Edward Granville

text: Dennett, Daniel Clement

text: Frye, Richard Nelson

text: Zarrinkoub, Abdolhossein

categories: 7th-century Arabs,People of the Second Fitna,Chach Nama,Umayyad governors of Medina,Generals of the Umayyad Caliphate,8th-century Arabs,Umayyad governors of Iraq,714 deaths,661 births,City founders,Tabi‘un,Arab generals,Banu Thaqif

image: 512px-الحجاج_بن_يوسف_الثقفي.png

paragraph: Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf

paragraph: Abū Muhammad al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn al-Ḥakam ibn ʿAqīl al-Thaqafī (; Ta'if 661 – Wasit, 714), known simply as al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf (), was perhaps the most notable governor who served the Umayyad Caliphate. A highly capable though ruthless statesman, strict in character, a harsh and demanding master, he was widely feared by his contemporaries and became a deeply controversial figure and an object of deep-seated enmity among later, pro-Abbasid writers, who ascribed to him persecutions and mass executions.

paragraph: Section::::Origin and early life and career.

paragraph: Al-Hajjaj was born in ca. 661 in the city of Ta'if in the Hijaz, modern-day Saudi Arabia. His ancestry was not particularly distinguished: he came of a poor family, whose members had worked as stone carriers and builders. His mother, al-Fari'a, had married, and been divorced by, al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba, appointed governor of Kufa by the first Umayyad caliph, Mu'awiya (). As a boy, al-Hajjaj acquired the nickname "Kulayb" ("little dog"), with which he was later derisively referred to. His early life is obscure, except for his having been a schoolmaster in his home town—another source of derision to his enemies. He participated in the Second Fitna, fighting in the battles of Harra near Medina (682) and of al-Rabadha (684), but apparently without particular distinction. His first public post, as governor of Tabala in the Tihama region, was also unremarkable.

paragraph: Soon after Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan () acceded to the caliphate, al-Hajjaj left his hometown and went to the Umayyad capital, Damascus, where he entered the security force ("shurta") of the Caliph. There he attracted Abd al-Malik's attention by the rapidity and efficiency with which he restored discipline during a mutiny of the troops destined to accompany the Caliph in one of his campaigns against Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr in Iraq. According to the historian Patricia Crone, al-Hajjaj started his career in the "shurta" of Aban ibn Marwan, Abd al-Malik’s half-brother and one-time governor of Palestine. During Abd al-Malik’s siege of the rebel leader of the Qays tribes, Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi, in al-Qariqisiya, al-Hajjaj was sent as an emissary of the Caliph alongside the theologian Raja ibn Haywa to negotiate a reconciliation with Zufar.

paragraph: As a result of his success suppressing the mutiny, the Caliph entrusted al-Hajjaj with command of the army's rear-guard. He apparently achieved further feats of valour, so that after the defeat of Mus'ab at the Battle of Maskin, Abd al-Malik decided to entrust him with the expedition to subdue Mus'ab's brother, the anti-caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, in Mecca. In late 691 he set out from Kufa at the head of 2,000 Syrian troops. After taking over Ta'if unopposed, he halted there as Abd al-Malik had charged him to try to secure Ibn al-Zubayr's capitulation by diplomatic means if possible, and to avoid the shedding of blood in Mecca. Ibn al-Zubayr rejected the Umayyad offers, and al-Hajjaj, after receiving reinforcements and the Caliph's permission, moved to attack Mecca. The Umayyad troops bombarded the city with catapults from Mount Abu Qubays, not letting up even during the "hajj"; even the Ka'aba was not spared, despite the presence of the assembled pilgrims. When a sudden thunderstorm broke out, which his soldiers interpreted as divine wrath, he was able to rally them and convince them that it was actually a sign of victory. Finally, in October 692, after seven months of siege and the defection of several thousand of his supporters, including two of his sons, Ibn al-Zubayr was killed alongside his last remaining loyal followers, fighting around the Ka'aba.

paragraph: As a reward, Abd al-Malik gave al-Hajjaj the governorship of the Hijaz, Yemen, and al-Yamama. As governor, al-Hajjaj led the "hajj" in person in the years 73 and 74 AH (693 and 694 CE), and restored the Ka'aba to the shape and dimensions it had originally, rejecting the alterations made by Ibn al-Zubayr following the first Umayyad siege in 683. Al-Hajjaj was able to restore peace in the Hijaz, but his severity occasioned the frequent personal intervention of the Caliph.

paragraph: Section::::Governor of Iraq.

paragraph: In early 694, Caliph Abd al-Malik sent al-Hajjaj to govern Iraq. This involved combining the governorships of Kufa and Basra, which had not been done since the days of Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan twenty years earlier. The caliph had previously appointed his brother Bishr ibn Marwan governor of Kufa, but when he died in early 694, this "experiment in family rule" (Hugh N. Kennedy) had clearly not been a success, and al-Hajjaj, whose ability and loyalty had been amply demonstrated, was appointed to this crucial post. The governorship of Iraq was indeed "the most important and responsible administrative post of the Islamic state" (A. Dietrich), as it comprised not only Iraq proper, but also included the lands conquered by troops from the two colony towns ("misr") of Kufa and Basra, i.e. Persia, Khurasan and the other eastern provinces of the Caliphate. The governor of Iraq was therefore in charge of a huge super-province or vice-royalty stretching from Mesopotamia to the still expanding borders in Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, comprising half of the Caliphate's territory and producing more than half its income. In addition, the post was of particular political sensitivity due to the long history of Kharijism and political dissent in Iraq, particularly in Kufa. This discontent was driven by various tribal, economic, and political factors. The population of Kufa contained people from almost all Arab tribes, but also many of those undesired elsewhere, such as the vanquished of the Ridda wars. Although it dominated the fertile lands of the Sawad, many of these were assigned by the Umayyads to princes of the dynasty, while the average Kufan was given land as a stipend for military service; but as the size of the stipend was determined by the earliness of conversion to Islam, many received only minuscule grants. Finally, the Kufans were largely left out of the spoils of conquest in the East; it was the Basrans who secured the lion's share, taking over far more extensive and richer territory like Khurasan or Sindh, while the Kufans were left with the mountains of Jibal and central Persia as their city's sole dependencies. Al-Hajjaj's purview originally excluded Khurasan and Sistan, which were governed by the largely ineffectual Umayyad prince Umayya ibn Abdallah ibn Khalid ibn Asid, but in 697/8 he received these two provinces as well, expanding his rule over the entire eastern half of the Caliphate. He remained in this post until his death in 714, and throughout this period, encompassing the remainder of Abd al-Malik's reign and most of that of his successor al-Walid (r. 705–715), he would be "the dominant feature in the sources" (G. R. Hawting).

paragraph: Section::::Governor of Iraq.:Relations with the caliphs.

paragraph: Al-Hajjaj was, in the words of A. Dietrich, "the most loyal servant that a dynasty could wish for", and his loyalty was reciprocated by Abd al-Malik with his full trust. The relationship was further strengthened through family ties: al-Hajjaj's daughter wed Masrur, son of al-Walid I (), while the daughter of his brother Muhammad was wed to the future Yazid II (); the latter named his first-born son after al-Hajjaj, who in turn named his first three sons after members of the dynasty. This close relationship is further evidenced by the many surviving letters exchanged between the two men. Al-Hajjaj's relationship with Abd al-Malik was much different than with the latter's successor, al-Walid, with whom the correspondence was restricted to their official functions. On the other hand, while Abd al-Malik was able to restrain his over-zealous governor whenever he was "extortionate in the raising of taxes, was too liberal with public resources, or was shedding more blood than was necessary" (A. Dietrich), al-Walid considered himself in al-Hajjaj's debt because he had championed the succession of al-Walid against Abd al-Malik's brother Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan, and the new Caliph allowed his powerful governor free rein and relied heavily on his counsel even in the appointment and dismissal of officials. If his meddling in the succession had secured him the favour of al-Walid, it had also caused the declared enmity of al-Walid's brother Sulayman (r. 715–717). Sulayman furthermore had championed the cause of Yazid ibn al-Muhallab, whom al-Hajjaj had imprisoned. The possibility of Sulayman's accession so frightened al-Hajjaj that he wished not to outlive al-Walid.

paragraph: Section::::Governor of Iraq.:Ibn al-Ash'ath's revolt and aftermath.

paragraph: Arriving at Kufa, al-Hajjaj gave an inaugural sermon at the local mosque that has become famous and is "often cited as an example of Arab eloquence" (G. R. Hawting). The situation he found there was one of disorder. The troops of Basra and Kufa, ostensibly garrisoned at Ramhurmuz under al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra had instead, upon the death of Bishr, left the camp and were idling in the cities. In order to restore discipline, al-Hajjaj announced that any man who did not within three days return to the camp would be put to death and his property be left open to plunder. This proved effective, but when he went to the troops to distribute the pay, al-Hajjaj faced another mutiny under Ibn al-Jarud because of making cuts in pay that the troops refused to accept. These problems overcome, al-Hajjaj sent the troops against the Kharijites. In 696 al-Muhallab defeated the Azariqa who had rallied around Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a as their anti-caliph, and in spring 697 another Kharijite leader, Shabib ibn Yazid al-Shaybani, was defeated on the Dujayl river in Khuzistan with the aid of Syrian troops. In the same year, al-Hajjaj suppressed the rebellion of the governor of Mada'in, al-Mutarrif ibn al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba, who had allied with the Kharijites.

paragraph: These campaigns eradicated the Kharijite rebellion, but came at a cost to his relationship with the Iraqis: the campaigns against the Kharijites were extremely unpopular, and measures like the cuts in pay, according to Hugh N. Kennedy, "[seem] almost to have goaded the Iraqis into rebellion, as if looking for an excuse to break them". The explosion came in 699: when he had been conferred the governorships of Khurasan and Sistan, al-Hajjaj had given it to al-Muhallab, but in Sistan, the situation was far more unstable, and the country had to be essentially reconquered. An army under the local governor Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Bakra had suffered a heavy defeat against the ruler of the kingdom of Zabulistan, known as the "Zunbil", and now al-Hajjaj ordered Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath, the most pre-eminent member of the Kufan aristocracy (the "ashrāf") to lead an army against the "Zunbil". This army was drawn from the Kufan soldiery, and such was the splendour of its equipment, or perhaps the "proud and haughty manner of the Kufan soldiers and "ashrāf" who composed it" (G. R. Hawting), that it became known in history as the "Peacock Army". This expedition marked the beginning of a rebellion that came close to destroying not only al-Hajjaj's, but also Umayyad, power in Iraq.

paragraph: Ibn al-Ash'ath led his army to Sistan, and, as A. Dietrich writes, "at first carried out his campaign carefully and according to orders; he pacified each territory as it was conquered, ensured supplies and accustomed his troops gradually to the different climatic conditions". Al-Hajjaj, however, sent letter after letter to his commander, demanding an immediate assault against the "Zunbil". The tone of these letters was extremely offensive, and he threatened to dismiss Ibn al-Ash'ath and appoint his own brother Ishaq to command the expedition instead. Al-Hajjaj's harsh tone and unreasonable demands, as well as the army's evident reluctance to continue such a protracted and arduous campaign so far from their homes, provoked a widespread mutiny, led by Ibn al-Ash'ath himself. The rebel army marched back to Iraq, growing to over 100,000 strong in the process as they were joined by other malcontents, and being transformed from a mutiny against al-Hajjaj—denounced as an enemy of God and a latter-day Pharaoh—to a full-blown anti-Umayyad movement. Al-Hajjaj tried to stop them at Tustar, but the rebels were victorious (early 701). Al-Hajjaj abandoned Basra to the rebels, and Ibn al-Ash'ath entered the city in triumph. Reinforced with Syrian troops, al-Hajjaj managed to score a minor victory, after which the bulk of the rebel army left Basra for their natural stronghold, Kufa. Al-Hajjaj recaptured Basra and pursued ibn al-Ash'ath to Kufa, encamping near the city. Ibn al-Ash'ath's progress had sufficiently alarmed the Umayyad court that they sought a negotiated settlement, even though they kept sending Syrian reinforcements to al-Hajjaj. Abd al-Malik offered to dismiss al-Hajjaj, appoint Ibn al-Ash'ath as governor over one of the Iraqi towns, and raise the Iraqis' pay so that they received the same amount as the Syrians. Ibn al-Ash'ath was inclined to accept, but the more radical of his followers, especially the scholars known as "qurrāʾ", refused, believing that the offered terms revealed the government's weakness, and pushed for outright victory. The two armies eventually met in the Battle of Dayr al-Jamajim in April 701, which resulted in a crushing victory for al-Hajjaj and his more disciplined Syrians. Kufa surrendered after that, and al-Hajjaj further undercut Ibn al-Ash'ath's support by promising amnesty to those who surrendered, providing however that they acknowledged that their rebellion had been tantamount to renouncing Islam; those who refused were executed. The remnants of the rebel army fled to Basra, but were soon evicted and pursued by the Syrians to Khuzistan and Sistan. There Ibn al-Ash'ath sought refuge with the "Zunbil", but was either assassinated by the latter or committed suicide to avoid being surrendered to al-Hajjaj. Most of his remaining followers tried to reach Herat, but were defeated by al-Muhallab's son, Yazid ibn al-Muhallab, who surrendered those of north Arab provenance (Mudaris) but let the southern Arab (Yemeni) go.

paragraph: The failure of Ibn al-Ash'ath's revolt led to the tightening of Umayyad control over Iraq. In 702 al-Hajjaj founded the city of Wasit, situated midway between Basra and Kufa, where he moved his seat. There he gathered all Syrian troops present in Iraq, ostensibly in order to rein in the Syrians and prevent excess at the expense of the populace, but in reality his aim was to isolate the Syrians from the locals and solidify their loyalty to him. Henceforth Iraq passed under virtual Syrian occupation, and the Iraqis, regardless of social status, were deprived of any real power in the governance of the region. Al-Hajjaj was now the undisputed master not only of Iraq, but of the entire Islamic East; only the governor of Khurasan, Yazid ibn al-Muhallab, retained some autonomy. Although Yazid was able to refuse several summons to Wasit, finally in 704 al-Hajjaj persuaded the Caliph to dismiss him, and Yazid was put in prison.

paragraph: Section::::Governor of Iraq.:Campaigns of expansion.

paragraph: As governor of Iraq and viceroy of the East, al-Hajjaj supervised a major wave of expansion. He appointed Muhammad ibn al-Qasim al-Thaqafi to lead the conquest of the Sindh and northwestern India, Qutayba ibn Muslim to conquer Transoxiana, and Mujja'a ibn Si'r to Oman. Although al-Hajjaj himself undertook no campaign during these years, his role was essential: not only did he select the generals who carried out these campaigns, but also "prepared them very carefully, sparing no expense, since he calculated that with victory he would recover his expenses many times over" (A. Dietrich).

paragraph: The relationship between al-Hajjaj and Muhammad ibn Qasim has always been one of great debate. Many accounts list al-Hajjaj as being his uncle or father in law. According to the "Chach Nama", the oldest chronicle of the Arab conquest of Sindh, the primary reason al-Hajjaj ordered an expedition against Raja Dahir, was the pirate raid off the coast of Debal, resulting in the capturing both gifts to the caliph from the King of Serendib (modern Sri Lanka) as well as the female pilgrims on board who were captured. Upon hearing of the matter, al-Hajjaj wrote a letter to the Raja, and upon unsuccessful resolution being reached, launched a military attack. Other reasons attributed to al-Hajjaj's interest was in (1) gaining a foothold in the Makran, Balochistan and Sindh regions, (2) protecting the maritime interests of the caliphate, and (3) to punish the armies from Sindh for participating alongside the Persians in various battles such as those at Salasal, Qādisiyyah and Nahawand and also the granting of refuge to fleeing rebel chieftains.

paragraph: Section::::Governor of Iraq.:Domestic government and reforms.

paragraph: Already in 695, al-Hajjaj began minting the new gold and silver coins, which superseded the Byzantine and Sasanian coins still used until then. He established mints at Kufa and later in Wasit and decreed strict punishments for counterfeiters. The new coins contained the name of Allah, and hence were initially opposed by many theologians who argued that they would also be used by infidels, but they quickly became a success and "helped to promote the circulation of money and the stabilization of economic conditions" (A. Dietrich). Al-Hajjaj also ordered the translation of the tax registers ("diwān") into Arabic from the Persian in which it had hitherto been kept, so that he could supervise it personally.

paragraph: Following his victory over the Iraqis, al-Hajjaj began a series of reforms aimed at restoring tranquility and prosperity to the troubled state after almost twenty years of civil war and rebellions. He invested much effort in reviving agriculture, especially in the Sawad, and thereby increasing revenue through the "kharāj" land tax. He began to restore and expand the network of canals in lower Iraq. According to al-Baladhuri, he spared no expense to repair embankments when they broke, awarded uncultivated lands to deserving Arabs, and took measures to reverse the flow of the rural population to the cities, especially the new converts ("mawālī").

paragraph: As part of his efforts to strengthen uniformity in the state, he also tried to introduce a definitive, uniform version of the Quran so as to eliminate theological quarrels. The division of the text into thirty parts ("ajzā") seems to have been part of this reform. Al-Hajjaj's version also probably included new vowel diacritics, and purged the text of any references hostile to the Umayyads. He declared this version to be the only valid one, while prohibiting the use of Ibn Mas'ud's "qirā'a".

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Al-Hajjaj died in Wasit in May or June 714 at the age of 53 or 54. On his deathbed, he appointed his son to replace him as leader of the Friday prayers. He penned a letter to al-Walid, which concluded as follows:When I meet God and find favour with Him, therein shall be the joy of my soul. The eternity of God sufficeth me, and I therefore place not my hopes on mortals. Those who were before us have tasted of death, and after them we also shall taste it.

paragraph: The cause of his death, according to the medieval historian Ibn Khallikan (d. 1282), was a stomach cancer. The following year, al-Walid died as well, and his brother Sulayman came to power. As the heir apparent, Sulayman had allied with many of al-Hajjaj's opponents, particularly Yazid ibn al-Muhallab, whom he appointed governor of Iraq shortly after his accession. Possibly having been convinced by such allies that al-Hajjaj had provoked hatred among the Iraqis toward the Umayyads as opposed to fostering their loyalty, the caliph deposed the late viceroy's appointees and allies in the province and throughout the eastern Caliphate. This was likely due to their connection with al-Hajjaj personally. Among those who fell from grace was al-Hajjaj's kinsman, Muhammad ibn al-Qasim, who was dismissed from his governorship of Sindh and executed in Wasit.

paragraph: In the assessment of historian Julius Wellhausen, al-Hajjaj was "harsh and at times hard, but not cruel; neither was he petty or bigoted". Though he was criticized in the early Muslim sources for his bombardment of Mecca and the Ka'aba during his siege of Ibn al-Zubayr, "other shameful deeds" al-Hajjaj was held responsible for are the "inventions and fabrications of the hatred of his enemies". Among these was a charge by an anonymous source recorded by al-Tabari that al-Hajjaj massacred between 11,000 to 130,000 men in Basra following his suppression of Ibn al-Ash'ath's revolt, in contrast to the older traditional Muslim sources, which held that al-Hajjaj granted a general pardon in Kufa and Basra after his victory for rebels who renounced Ibn al-Ash'ath.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Browne, Edward Granville (2002), "Islamic Medicine", 16.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dennett, Daniel Clement, "Conversion and the poll tax in early Islam", 38.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frye, Richard Nelson, Zarrinkoub, Abdolhossein "et al." (London, 1975), "Cambridge History of Iran," 4.

alias: خطيب  داهية سفاك صارم عنيد

description: Umayyad governor/general

wikidata_label: Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf

wikipedia_title: Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf


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Cato Street conspirators
Pains and Penalties Bill 1820
House of Lords
London
barrister
Edmund Burke
Alexander Jardine
S.151

categories: Justices of the Common Pleas,Serjeants-at-law (England),UK MPs 1802–1806,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Cornwall,Queen's Counsel 1597–1800,Members of Lincoln's Inn,Knights Bachelor,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,Solicitors General for England and Wales,Tory MPs (pre-1834),1824 deaths,1756 births,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Fife constituencies,Chief Justices of the Common Pleas,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies

paragraph: Robert Dallas

paragraph: Sir Robert Dallas, PC, SL KC (16 October 1756 – 25 December 1824) was an English judge, of a Scottish family.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Robert Dallas was born at St. Michael's, Cornhill, London. He and his brother George were educated first at James Elphinston's school in Kensington, and then in Geneva, by the pastor Chauvet. He entered Lincoln's Inn on 4 November 1777. During this period, he honed his facility of oratory at the public debates in Coachmaker's Hall, where he was known for his extensive general knowledge and his politeness.

paragraph: Called to the bar on 6 November 1782, Dallas soon built a considerable practice, and specialized in parliamentary and privy council cases. In 1783, he was retained as junior counsel by the British East India Company to challenge the East India Bill.

paragraph: Dallas's most notable accomplishment, perhaps, was to come in 1787, when he served as junior counsel for the defence in the Impeachment of Warren Hastings. Hasting's defence, led by Edward Law and seconded by Dallas and Thomas Plumer, formed a particularly able and harmonious legal team, and many of his contemporaries praised Dallas's exertions during the seven-year case. Hastings was exonerated in 1795, and Dallas took silk on 2 March 1795 and was elected a bencher of Lincoln's Inn on 23 April 1795.

paragraph: Dallas continued to enjoy an active practice, receiving numerous briefs to assist parliamentary committees in investigating disputed elections. He briefly entered the House of Commons himself from 1802 until 1805 as Member of Parliament for the rotten borough of Mitchell, resigning in February 1805 to accept the office of Chief Justice of Chester. He re-entered Parliament in March, representing Dysart Burghs, but left that seat in 1806. While little active in the Commons, he was considered a useful supporter of Addington.

paragraph: From 1806 until 1808, he led the defence of General Thomas Picton, and while he failed to obtain Picton's acquittal in his first trial, he was able to compel a retrial and secure a special verdict for him. He was retained by the Jamaican merchants and planters in 1807 to challenge the Slave Trade Act 1807, but without success.

paragraph: Dallas did not neglect his judicial duties in Chester, during this period. In that post, he was known for his clemency and humanity during sentencing, and his polite and gracious manner. From his remarks to Addington, it seems he much enjoyed the post, retaining it until 1813, when he resigned it to become Solicitor General on 6 May 1813, and was knighted on 19 May 1813. Towards the end of the year, he was made a serjeant-at-law and was made a puisne justice of the Court of Common Pleas on 18 November 1813, replacing Sir Vicary Gibbs, promoted to the Exchequer. In 1817, he was a member of the special commission which tried the leaders of the Pentrich Rising.

paragraph: He was appointed Chief Justice of the Common Pleas and was sworn of the Privy Council on 19 November 1818. He headed, with Lord Chief Justice Charles Abbott, the special commission that tried the Cato Street conspirators in 1820, and presided over the trial of James Ings. In that year, the two also headed the judges attending the consideration of the Pains and Penalties Bill 1820 to advise the House of Lords on points of law. He retired on grounds of ill health at the end of 1823, and died in London on 25 December 1824.

paragraph: Dallas was celebrated as both a barrister and a judge, for his command of the law, his clarity of statement, and his gracious and pleasing manners in both offices. In private, he enjoyed a "puckish" sense of humor, and his widow published a collection of his "Poetical Trifles" after his death. These include his famous epigram on Edmund Burke, his opponent in the trial of Hastings:

paragraph: Oft have I wonder'd why on Irish ground

paragraph: No poisonous reptile ever yet was found;

paragraph: Reveal'd the secret stands of Nature's work,—

paragraph: She saved her venom to create a Burke.

paragraph: Dallas was married first, on 11 August 1788, to Charlotte Jardine, daughter of Alexander Jardine, by whom he had one son and one daughter; she died on 17 October 1792. On 10 September 1802, he married Giustina Davidson, by whom he had five daughters and who survived him.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Debrett, "The baronetage of England. revised, corrected and continued by G.W. Collen", S.151 Dallas

description: British politician and judge

wikidata_label: Robert Dallas

wikipedia_title: Robert Dallas


text:
Flemish
Oudenaarde
Antwerp
Wierix
Antoine Caron
School of Fontainebleau
Léonard Gaultier
Wars of Religion
Catholic League
Henry IV
Melchior Tavernier
Claude Vignon
Catherine de' Medici
Claude de Sainctes
Jacques of Savoy
Mattias de Lobel
Plantarum Seu Stirpium Icones
Sir Francis Drake
Listings
WorldCat
Listings

categories: Flemish engravers,French engravers,1612 deaths,16th-century engravers,1560 births

paragraph: Thomas de Leu

paragraph: Thomas de Leu or Leeuw or Le Leup or Deleu (1560–1612) was a French engraver, publisher, and print dealer of Flemish origin.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the son of a print dealer in Oudenaarde and began his career in Antwerp, where he worked for Jean Ditmar (c. 1538–1603) and was influenced by the Wierix.

paragraph: Sometime after 1576 and before 1580 he went to Paris to work for the painter and engraver Jean Rabel (1540/50–1603).

paragraph: In 1583 he married Marie Caron, daughter of Antoine Caron, one of the principal painters of the Second School of Fontainebleau. Although it has been stated that he was thereby the brother-in-law of the engraver Léonard Gaultier, this is probably not the case.

paragraph: In the Wars of Religion he managed to switch from the side of the Catholic League to that of Henry IV. As a result, he became enormously wealthy, running a highly productive workshop and publishing numerous prints by other artists. His apprentices included Jacques Honnervogt ("fl" 1608–1635) and Melchior Tavernier.

paragraph: In 1605 he married Charlotte Bothereau. His daughter Charlotte married Claude Vignon. He died in Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: His first dated engraving is "Justice" (1579; Linzeler no. 57). He produced more than 300 plates of portraiture, including one of Catherine de' Medici (Linzeler no. 255), and many engravings on religious subjects, such as "Christ in Blessing" (1598; Linzeler no. 7) and a set of 25 plates depicting "The Life of Saint Francis". He also provided illustrations for books.

paragraph: As one of the most important engravers of his time, de Leu's pieces are highly sought. Other famous subjects include Claude de Sainctes, Jacques of Savoy, several plants for Mattias de Lobel's "Plantarum Seu Stirpium Icones", Sir Francis Drake, and de Leu himself.

paragraph: Of the engravings from the period, the plate for his self-portrait is by far the most sought-after, as only a few prints of the portrait exist, likely given as gifts to family members and close friends originally, and the existence of the plate has apparently never been acknowledged. Many enthusiasts of sixteenth-century engraving have speculated as to where the plate is, and in such circles questions of its location/ownership can go on for hours, generating wild conspiracy stories and even hypotheses about now-unknown printing methods used by De Leu.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Notes

paragraph: Cited sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bassani, Paola Pacht (1996). "Vignon, Claude" in Turner 1996, vol. 32, pp. 509–510.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Benezit (2006). "Leu, Thomas de", vol. 8, p. 915, in "Benezit Dictionary of Artists". Paris: Gründ. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grivel, Marianne (1996a). "Gaultier, Léonard" in Turner 1996, vol. 12, pp. 203–204.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grivel, Marianne (1996b). "Leu, Thomas de" in Turner 1996, vol. 19, p. 257.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Turner, Jane, editor (1996). "The Dictionary of Art", reprinted with minor corrections in 1998. New York: Grove. .

paragraph: Other sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grivel, Marianne (1986). "Le Commerce de l'estampe à Paris au XVIIe siècle". Geneva: Droze. Listings at WorldCat.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Linzeler, André; Aldhémar, Jean (1932–1938). "Inventaire du fonds français: graveurs du seizième siècle". Paris: Maurice Le Garrec. Paris: Bibliothèque nationale. Listings at WorldCat.

alias:
Thomas de Leeuw
Thomas le Leiuw
Thomas Ie Leup Leeuw
Thomas De Deleu
Thomas De Leeuw
Thomas le Leup
Thomas Le Leup
Thomas Ie Leup Deleu
Thomas Ie Leup Leu
Thomas Deleu
Thomas De Leu
Thomas Leu
De Leu
T. de Leu

description: engraver

wikidata_label: Thomas de Leu

wikipedia_title: Thomas de Leu


text: Aero Club of America

text: Bangor, Michigan

text: Denver

text: stenographer

text: Glenn Curtiss

text: flying school

text: San Diego

text: Midwest

text: Curtiss pusher

text: Harriet Quimby

text: Denise Moore

text: Suzanne Bernard

text: Henri Farman's

text: Étampes-sur-Marne

text: France

text: Julia Clark

categories: Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States,Aviation pioneers,Aviation accidents and incidents in 1912,American female aviators,People from Bangor, Michigan,Female aviators,1880 births,1912 deaths,Accidental deaths in Illinois

paragraph: Julia Clark

paragraph: Julia Clark (December 21, 1880 – June 17, 1912) was the third woman to receive a pilot's license from the Aero Club of America, and the first American woman to die while piloting an airplane. She earned her pilot's license on May 19, 1912 and died less than one month later.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Clark was born in Bangor, Michigan on December 21, 1880. Her family moved to California and subsequently to Denver where she worked as a stenographer. Her interest in flying began when she attended the 1911 Chicago International Aviation Meet. After first overcoming Glenn Curtiss' reluctance to train women pilots, she was enrolled in his flying school in San Diego where, on May 19, 1912, she earned her pilots license (#133) after soloing to 1,000 feet. She then joined the Curtiss-Wright Aviators exhibition team, being billed as "The Daring Bird-Girl" and contracted for several exhibitions in the Midwest. On June 17, 1912, she decided to make a test flight around dusk. Visibility was poor and, after striking a tree limb, the plane, a Curtiss pusher, tumbled to the ground, pinning her beneath the wreckage. She died after being rushed by automobile to the hospital, having never regained consciousness. Her body was sent to her home in Denver.

paragraph: Clark was the first American woman to die in an air accident, preceding Harriet Quimby's death by two weeks. She was also said to be the first licensed woman pilot to die piloting an aircraft. The previous two woman pilots who died, Denise Moore in July 1911 and Suzanne Bernard in March 1912, died prior to earning their licenses. Moore and Bernard were both attending Henri Farman's flying school, in Étampes-sur-Marne, France at the time of their deaths.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julia Clark at EarlyAviators.com

description: American aviation pioneer

wikidata_label: Julia Clark

wikipedia_title: Julia Clark


text:
Aberlour
Scotland
London
Royal London Hospital
Royal Naval Hospital
Hong Kong
Nagasaki
treaty port
Kobe
carbonated beverage
lemonade
Kobe foreign settlement
Tokyo Mainichi Newspaper
cholera
ramune
fire lookout tower
1891 Mino–Owari earthquake
1896 Sanriku earthquake
typhoid fever
Kobe Foreign cemetery
Mount Futatabi
Kobe Regatta & Athletic Club

categories: People of Meiji-period Japan,Scottish businesspeople,1840 births,Scottish expatriates in Japan,Deaths from typhoid fever,1900 deaths

paragraph: Alexander Cameron Sim

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sim was born in Aberlour, Scotland in 1840. He relocated to London in his youth, and received a post as a pharmacist at the Royal London Hospital in 1862. In 1866, he volunteered for an overseas assignment, and was sent to the Royal Naval Hospital in Hong Kong, where he spent the next 3.5 years. In late 1869, he moved to Nagasaki, Japan, where he resided in the treaty port, but moved to Kobe in 1870, where he initially worked as a pharmacist for the foreign firm "Llewellyn Shōkai". However, he began his own company, "AC Sim Shōkai", later the same year. Sim's company specialized in the import and distribution of medicines and medical supplies. In 1884, Sim introduced a carbonated beverage based on lemonade to the Kobe foreign settlement. This drink, called "mabu soda" for "marble soda" due to the marbles placed in the bottle for opening action, soon became very popular with the local Japanese after it was advertised in the Tokyo Mainichi Newspaper as a preventative for cholera. The drink remains a popular soft drink, sold nationwide, under the name of "ramune" to this day.

paragraph: Sim was a strong supporter of athletic activities, and founded the Kobe Regatta & Athletic Club on September 23, 1870. He also organized a volunteer firefighting organization within the foreign community, and built a fire lookout tower near his residence. He also organized relief and community support efforts in the aftermath of the 1891 Mino–Owari earthquake and the 1896 Sanriku earthquake.

paragraph: Sim died on November 28, 1900, of typhoid fever. He is buried in the Kobe Foreign cemetery on Mount Futatabi.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murphy, Kevin C. "The American merchant experience in nineteenth-century Japan". Routledge (2002)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kobe Regatta & Athletic Club

description: Scottish businessman

wikidata_label: Alexander Cameron Sim

wikipedia_title: Alexander Cameron Sim


text: Torii school

text: ukiyo-e

text: bijin-ga

text: Edo

text: Tokugawa Ieyasu

text: Tokugawa shogunate

text: Torii school

text: Torii Kiyonobu I

text: Torii Kiyomasa

text: Hishikawa Moronobu

text: Kurihara Chōemon

text: Yoshiwara

text: ukiyo-zōshi

text: puppet theatre

text: Tale of Genji

text: Toba-e

text: Hanabusa Itchō

text: Noh

text: kabuki

text: Japanese mythology

text: kakemono

text: Kaigetsudō

text: Kyōhō reforms

text: hosoban

text: urushi-e

text: lacquer

text: urushi-e

text: woodblocks

text: tan-e

text: Uki-e

text: habahiro hashira-e

text: ukiyo-e

text: haiku

text: Matsuo Bashō

text: Ihara Saikaku

text: bunraku

text: Chikamatsu Monzaemon

text: Ogata Kōrin

text: nishiki-e

text: Suzuki Harunobu

text: Sharaku

text: Hokusai

text: Kiyoshi Shibui

text: Seiichirō Takahashi

text: Ernest Fenollosa

text: Arthur Davison Ficke

text: James A. Michener

text: The British Museum: Okumura Masanobu.

categories: 1764 deaths,Ukiyo-e artists,1686 births,18th-century Japanese artists,Japanese painters,18th-century Japanese people

paragraph: Okumura Masanobu

paragraph: Okumura Masanobu (; 1686 – 13 March 1764) was a Japanese print designer, book publisher, and painter. He also illustrated novelettes and in his early years wrote some fiction. At first his work adhered to the Torii school, but later drifted beyond that. He is a figure in the formative era of ukiyo-e doing early works on actors and bijin-ga ("pictures of beautiful women").

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: While Masanobu's early life is largely undocumented, he is believed to have been born about 1686, possibly in Edo (modern Tokyo). Edo was a small fishing village when it was Tokugawa Ieyasu chose it as his administrative capital of the Tokugawa shogunate, and by the early 17th century the city had prospered and its population had grown to half a million.

paragraph: Masanobu appears to have been self-taught painter (though he did study poetry under Tachiba Fukaku); he is not known to have belonged to any artistic school. His early work shows the influence of the Torii school of ukiyo-e painting, particularly Torii Kiyonobu I, and he likely learned from the examples of Torii Kiyomasa and the early ukiyo-e artist Hishikawa Moronobu. A print album published by Kurihara Chōemon in 1701 depicting courtesans in the Yoshiwara pleasure district is Masanobu's earliest surviving signed work, followed by a similar work ten months later. Moronobu provided the illustrations, and sometimes text, for at least twenty-two ukiyo-zōshi novels and librettos for puppet theatre between 1703 and 1711. These included a modernized illustrated version of the 11th-century "Tale of Genji" in eighteen volumes, whose translation was by Masanobu.

paragraph: After 1711 Masanobu's output of book illustrations shriveled as he turned his attention to albums of prints, usually about a dozen per set, on a variety of themes—most outstanding of which were the comic albums. These prints, influenced perhaps by 12th-century Toba-e and the caricature paintings of Hanabusa Itchō (1652–1724), depicted humorous scenes from, or parodies of, Noh, kabuki, and Japanese mythology. This period also saw Masanobu produce large kakemono-sized portraits of courtesans, whose designs had a warmth and humanity largely absent from the earlier Torii and Kaigetsudō beauties. The financial restraints of the Kyōhō reforms begun in 1717 brought an end to the luxury of these large prints, replaced by smaller "hosoban"-sized prints, which were often sold as triptychs—which when placed together were little smaller than the kakemono-sized prints. At least as early as 1718, Masanobu's were some of the earliest urushi-e prints, printed with brass powder sprinkled on the ink, which created a lacquer effect.

paragraph: About 1721 Masanobu abandoned the publishers of his earlier works and opened his own wholesaler, Okumura-ya, in Tōri Shio-chō in Edo. His trade mark was a gourd-shaped sign, a mark he thereafter stamped on the works he printed.

paragraph: It is likely that Masanobu died at 78 in 1764; 1769 has also been given as his death date.

paragraph: Section::::Art styles.

paragraph: Okumura Masanobu is said to be master of the urushi-e style. Urushi-e is usually done on woodblocks and has thick black lines. Styles of urushi-e can be found in many works from Masanobu. The most famous examples are "Large Perspective View of the Interior of Echigo-ya in Suruga-chô", "Actor holding folders, Actor as Wakanoura Osana Komachi, Actors Ôtani Hiroji and Sodesaki Iseno", and "Lion, Peonies, and Rock". All of these works have dark, thick lines and are made on woodblocks. His works are famous for his gentile and flowing lines throughout his drawings.

paragraph: He has a recurring pattern consisting of tan backgrounds and neutral coloring. His pieces capture things and or people in motion. His objects in drawings are always in mid-motion of walking somewhere or doing something. Masanobu was famous for capturing the beauty of nature. He painted and drew birds, women, men, actors, and warriors. The Japanese women he draws have the same style and ‘boneless’ structure. The faces show; however, the bodies are covered by long, flowing dresses. This style is referred to as tan-e: drawing women as full-bodied and round. The tan-e style brings a sense of gentleness and gracefulness to the beauties.

paragraph: Okumura Masanobu's art consists of the insights of stores and theatres. These pieces are large-scale and referred to as uki-e. Uki-e is a style used by Japanese artists that means “looming picture”. He was very good at capturing the luxury and leisure of his paintings on theatre. He played around and experimented with all kinds of styles on woodprints and was always willing to learn more. By experimenting, he created and is said to be the first artist to make pillar prints. Okumura is also said to be the creator of the large, wide, vertical prints referred to as habahiro hashira-e. Many of his scripts are examples of this style of print.

paragraph: Masanobu was known for staying true to his time and what he was good at. He created many new styles that are used today; without him art wouldn't be the same.

paragraph: Masanobu's ukiyo-e were mostly produced in the Kyōhō era. They display the printmaker's sense of line, colour, and composition. The subjects are most often humorous and are executed in a lively manner with figures in brightly coloured, fashionable clothing.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The era Masanobu was born into was a prosperous and creatively fertile one, in which flourished the haiku poets Matsuo Bashō and Ihara Saikaku, the bunraku dramatist Chikamatsu Monzaemon, and the painter Ogata Kōrin. Masanobu was one of the most influential innovators of the ukiyo-e form, introducing the comic album, the pillar, two-colour, and lacquer prints, and popularizing Western-style perspective drawing. His career saw ukiyo-e evolve from its monochromatic origins to the verge of the full-colour "nishiki-e" revolution of Suzuki Harunobu's time.

paragraph: Though less known to the public than masters such as Sharaku and Hokusai, Masanobu has gained the regard of connoisseurs as one of the greatest ukiyo-e artists, held in esteem by Japanese collectors such as Kiyoshi Shibui and Seiichirō Takahashi, and Westerners such as Ernest Fenollosa, Arthur Davison Ficke, and James A. Michener.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Okumura Masanobu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Okumura Masanobu Biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artwork images, Exhibitions, and Reviews: Okumura Masanobu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rosenberg, K. Diversions and Delights from the Floating World: "The New York Times". March 14, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meech, J. & Oliver, J. 2008. Designed for pleasure : the world of Edo Japan in prints and paintings. New York : Asia Society and Japanese Art Society of America.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The British Museum: Okumura Masanobu.

alias:
奥村政信
Tanchōsai
Masanobu
Genpachi Okumura
Genpachirō
Hōgetsudō
Bunkaku
Shimmyō
Genpachi
奧村政信
Baiō
Masanobu Okumura
Akahyōtan

description: Japanese artist

wikidata_label: Okumura Masanobu

wikipedia_title: Okumura Masanobu


text:
American football
linebacker
National Football League
New England Patriots
undrafted free agent
Jacksonville Jaguars
Cleveland Browns
college football
Louisiana State University
LSU Tigers football
Stephen F. Austin High
Port Acres, Texas
running back
safety
baseball
track and field
The Port Arthur News
Louisiana State University
2000
2003
BCS Championship
New England Patriots
undrafted free agent
2004 NFL Draft
practice squad
injured reserve
playoffs
2005
Atlanta Falcons
2006
Indianapolis Colts
2007
2008
restricted free agent
2009
Jacksonville Jaguars
Cleveland Browns
New England Patriots bio
LSU Tigers bio

categories: African-American players of American football,Cleveland Browns players,LSU Tigers football players,Super Bowl champions,Sportspeople from Tyler, Texas,American football linebackers,Players of American football from Texas,Jacksonville Jaguars players,New England Patriots players,Living people,1982 births

paragraph: Eric Alexander (American football)

paragraph: Eric Vonkey Alexander (born February 8, 1982) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the New England Patriots as an undrafted free agent in 2004. He also played for the Jacksonville Jaguars and Cleveland Browns. He played college football at Louisiana State University for the LSU Tigers football team.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Alexander attended Stephen F. Austin High in Port Acres, Texas, where he played football as a running back and safety while also participating in baseball and track and field. He was twice named a member of The Port Arthur News Super Team and was an honorable All-State mention before graduating in 2000.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Alexander attended Louisiana State University beginning in 2000. In his first three seasons with the team he was a backup safety and special teams contributor. Alexander moved to linebacker before his senior season in 2003 and recorded 65 tackles and five sacks in LSU's BCS Championship season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New England Patriots.

paragraph: Alexander was signed by the New England Patriots as an undrafted free agent following the 2004 NFL Draft. He was waived by the Patriots on September 5, 2004, and re-signed to the team's practice squad the next day. He was promoted to the 53-man roster on December 20, 2004, but was placed on injured reserve during the playoffs on January 13, 2005. Alexander was again released during final cuts in 2005 and was re-signed to the practice squad the next day, September 4, 2005. He was elevated to the 53-man roster for the team's Week 5 game against the Atlanta Falcons, waived after the game, and re-signed to the practice squad, where he spent the rest of the season.

paragraph: After the 2005 season, Alexander was re-signed by the Patriots, and in 2006, Alexander made the Patriots' opening day roster for the first time in his career. He appeared in 14 games in 2006, a career high, and in the , Alexander made the first start of his NFL career in a loss to the Indianapolis Colts, leading the team with 10 solo tackles at inside linebacker. Alexander again made the opening day roster in 2007, appearing in 12 games and leading the team in special teams tackles in two games. However, Alexander was inactive for all but one game in 2008 before being placed on injured reserve on November 22. He was re-signed as a restricted free agent by the Patriots following the 2008 season. He was released on October 20, 2009, and re-signed the next day to a different contract. He signed a one-year extension on November 23, 2009. He played in 14 games in 2009, recording 12 tackles on special teams. He was released on September 4, 2010, during final cuts.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.

paragraph: Alexander was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars on September 27, 2010. He was waived on November 2, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Cleveland Browns.

paragraph: The Cleveland Browns signed Alexander on November 23, 2010. He was waived on July 28, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New England Patriots bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- LSU Tigers bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Eric Alexander

wikipedia_title: Eric Alexander (American football)


text:
gridiron football
wide receiver
New England Patriots
undrafted free agent
college football
Ohio State
Philadelphia Eagles
Saskatchewan Roughriders
St. Peter Chanel High School
Bedford, Ohio
Mr. Football
cornerback
John Cooper
Jim Tressel
Ohio State University football team
2002 BCS National Championship
undrafted free agent
training camp
practice squad
Miami Dolphins
2007
Philadelphia Eagles
Saskatchewan Roughriders
Canadian Football League
Denver Broncos
Champ Bailey
Boss Bailey
New England Patriots bio
Philadelphia Eagles bio
Saskatchewan Roughriders bio

categories: Canadian football wide receivers,Philadelphia Eagles players,Living people,American football wide receivers,Players of American football from Ohio,Ohio State Buckeyes football players,American football cornerbacks,New England Patriots players,Sportspeople from West Palm Beach, Florida,American players of Canadian football,1982 births

paragraph: Bam Childress

paragraph: Brandon "Bam" Childress (born March 31, 1982) is a former gridiron football wide receiver. He was signed by the New England Patriots as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at Ohio State. Childress was also a member of the Philadelphia Eagles and Saskatchewan Roughriders.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Over the course of his junior year playing football at St. Peter Chanel High School in Bedford, Ohio, Childress set school season receiving records for catches (53) and yardage (874). As a basketball player at Chanel, Childress also helped lead the Firebirds to a perfect 26-0 season and the Division III state title averaging 18 points per game.

paragraph: Chanel's football team went 13-1 during Childress' senior season in 1999. The team lost in the Division V state semi-final to Amanda Clearcreek as Childress amassed more than 300 total yards. For the season, he totaled 41 receptions for 754 yards and 11 touchdowns. He also added over 700 yards on punt returns and over 600 yards on kickoff returns.

paragraph: Childress closed his career as the school's all-time leader in scoring (202 points), touchdowns (33), receiving yards (2,258), TD receptions (21), punt returns for a touchdown (seven) and all-purpose yardage (7,103).

paragraph: He was named Ohio's Mr. Football in 1999 as the state's top player.

paragraph: Section::::College years.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Signed with OSU as a cornerback in the 2000 recruiting class of then-head coach John Cooper.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moved to receiver when coach Jim Tressel took over in 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- During his five seasons (2000–04) as a member of the Ohio State University football team, Childress made 33 receptions for 392 yards. He also performed as a kick returner during his career and recorded nine returns for 159 yards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Was a member of the 2002 BCS National Championship team.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He finally got a chance at meaningful playing time as a senior in 2004, but did not play much the second half of the season. He finished the year with 17 receptions and 205 yards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He majored in Family Resource Management.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Childress signed as an undrafted free agent by the New England Patriots out of college in 2005. He signed a short-term deal, participated in training camp and played well in preseason, both as a wide receiver and extra defensive back. Because of his hard work and determination to make the team he earned a spot on the New England Patriots' practice squad. Childress was activated for the last game of the 2005 season against the Miami Dolphins and played well in a losing effort, finishing with three catches for thirty two yards.

paragraph: Prior to the Patriots' 2006 season opener, the team released him, signed him to their practice squad, and then activated him again. After the opener, he was released, signed to the practice squad, and later activated on December 23. Childress spent all of the 2007 on the Patriots' practice squad.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Philadelphia Eagles.

paragraph: After Childress' practice squad contract expired following the 2007 season, he signed a two-year contract with the Philadelphia Eagles on February 22, 2008. He was waived on August 29, 2008.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Saskatchewan Roughriders.

paragraph: Childress was signed by the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League on January 12, 2009. He was a final cut on June 25, 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Childress is a cousin of former Denver Broncos cornerback Champ Bailey and linebacker Boss Bailey.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New England Patriots bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philadelphia Eagles bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saskatchewan Roughriders bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Bam Childress

wikipedia_title: Bam Childress


text:
jazz
Pierre Van Dormael
Diederik Wissels
Diederik Wissels
Trio Bravo
Viktor Lazlo
Hot & Soul
My Delicious Poisons
Back To Front
The Dream Is In Our Hands
Maurane
La Grande Formation
Aka Moon

categories: Belgian jazz singers,Royal Conservatory of Brussels faculty,Musicians from Brussels,Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres,1965 births,Knights of the Order of the Crown (Belgium),Living people

paragraph: David Linx

paragraph: David Linx (born 22 March 1965) is a Belgian jazz singer and songwriter.

paragraph: Section::::Bands.

paragraph: Section::::Bands.:As leader.

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Linx/Pierre Van Dormael

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Linx/Diederik Wissels

paragraph: Section::::Bands.:As guest.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diederik Wissels

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trio Bravo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Viktor Lazlo for her albums Hot & Soul, My Delicious Poisons, Back To Front and the single The Dream Is In Our Hands

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maurane

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Grande Formation"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aka Moon

description: Belgian singer

wikidata_label: David Linx

wikipedia_title: David Linx


text:
French
mathematician
geometry
physics
Pierre Hérigone
Étienne Pascal
Jean-Baptiste Morin's
longitude

categories: 1585 births,1647 deaths,17th-century French mathematicians

paragraph: Claude Mydorge

paragraph: Claude Mydorge (1585 – July 1647) was a French mathematician. His primary contributions were in geometry and physics.

paragraph: Mydorge served on a scientific committee (whose members included Pierre Hérigone and Étienne Pascal) set up to determine whether Jean-Baptiste Morin's scheme for determining longitude from the Moon's motion was practical.

description: French mathematician

wikidata_label: Claude Mydorge

wikipedia_title: Claude Mydorge