text:
British
motorcycle speedway
World Speedway Championship
British Championship
Mtarfa
Malta
Hackney Kestrels
Speedway Grand Prix
Danish Grand Prix
Vojens
Swedish Grand Prix
Linköping
Speedway World Champion
2000
Czech Republic
Sweden
Britain
1996
Billy Hamill
European
defending champion
Tony Rickardsson
Poland
British Champion
Elite League
Ipswich Witches
1994
Vojens
Speedway Center

categories: Wolverhampton Wolves riders,British speedway riders,Lakeside Hammers riders,Individual Speedway Long Track World Championship riders,Ipswich Witches riders,Eastbourne Eagles riders,Exeter Falcons riders,British Speedway Championship champions,Poole Pirates riders,1971 births,Individual Speedway World Champions,Polonia Bydgoszcz riders,King's Lynn Stars riders,Peterborough Panthers riders,Living people,Maltese sportspeople

paragraph: Mark Loram

paragraph: Mark Roysten Gregory Loram (born 10 January 1971) is a former British motorcycle speedway rider who won the World Speedway Championship in 2000 and won the British Championship in 1997, 1999, and 2001.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born in Mtarfa, Malta, Mark Loram started his career with the Hackney Kestrels in 1987. In 1999 Loram became the first rider in Speedway Grand Prix history to win a GP whilst being entered as a wild card, a feat only repeated three times since (as at the end of the 2012 season). He won two Grand Prix in his career; 1997 Danish Grand Prix in Vojens and 1999 when he won the Swedish Grand Prix in Linköping.

paragraph: Loram became the Speedway World Champion in 2000 despite not winning any of the Grand Prix meetings held that year, the only rider to ever do so. However he was the only rider to reach the semi-finals in all six meetings which along with runner-up placings in the opening two rounds in the Czech Republic and Sweden as well as a third in Britain in Round 4 gave him enough points to secure his first and only world title. Loram scored 102 points over the six rounds to defeat 1996 champion Billy Hamill (who won the Czech Republic and European GP's) on 95 and defending champion Tony Rickardsson (who won in Poland) on 94. Loram's win saw him become the 7th British rider to win speedway's ultimate individual prize.

paragraph: Loram has also been British Champion three times, in 1997, 1999 and 2001. In March 2007 Loram broke his thigh and dislocated his arm whilst riding in the opening fixture of the Elite League season for the Ipswich Witches. This ended his involvement in the sport for 2007, and he was unable to ride in 2008 and 2009. On 17 December 2009, Loram officially announced his retirement from speedway.

paragraph: Section::::World Final Appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 - Vojens, Speedway Center - 8th - 9pts

paragraph: Section::::World Longtrack Championship.

paragraph: Finals

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 - Herxheim 15pts (10th)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 - Marianske Lazne 8pts (10th)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 - Pfarrkirchen 18pts (5th)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 - Muhldorf 5pts (14th)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 - Marianske Lazne 9pts (10th)

paragraph: Section::::British Grasstrack Championship.

paragraph: First

paragraph: 1991 & 1993.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://grasstrackgb.co.uk/mark-loram/

description: British speedway rider

wikidata_label: Mark Loram

wikipedia_title: Mark Loram


text: Seyyed

text: Yazd

text: Tehran

text: Iranian

text: philosopher

text: Tehran University

text: Martin Heidegger

text: German

text: Khomeini

text: anthropocentrism

text: rationalism

text: classical Greece

text: al Farabi

text: Mulla Sadra

text: Greek philosophy

text: Sorbonne university

text: University of Heidelberg

text: Heidegger

text: Jalal Al-e-Ahmad

text: Gharbzadegi

text: Iranian Revolution

text: Morteza Avini

text: Ahmadinejad

text: Heidegger

text: Der Spiegel

text: universe of discourse

text: Arabic

text: philosophy

text: mathematics

text: French

text: Dar ul-Funun

text: university

text: Abdolkarim Soroush

text: Dariush Ashuri

text: Human Rights

text: "Westoxication"

text: Dariush Ashuri

text: Sadegh Hedayat

text: Aramesh Dustdar

text: Universal Declaration of Human Rights

text: nafsi ammarah

text: Heidegger

text: taghut

text: taghut

text: wahdat al-vojud

text: Bergson

text: Westoxification

text: gnosis

text: Unofficial Persian website

categories: University of Paris alumni,Philosophers of nihilism,20th-century Iranian philosophers,People from Yazd,Heidelberg University alumni,Heidegger scholars,Iranian philosophers,1994 deaths,Iranian scholars,20th-century historians

paragraph: Ahmad Fardid

paragraph: Seyyed Ahmad Fardid () (Born in 1910, Yazd – 16 August 1994, Tehran), born Ahmad Mahini Yazdi, was a prominent Iranian philosopher and an inspiring and dedicated professor of Tehran University. He is considered to be among the philosophical ideologues of the Islamic government of Iran which came to power in 1979. Fardid was under the influence of Martin Heidegger, the influential German philosopher, whom he considered "the only Western philosopher who understood the world and the only philosopher whose insights were congruent with the principles of the Islamic Republic. These two figures, Khomeini and Heidegger, helped Fardid argue his position." What he decried was the anthropocentrism and rationalism brought by classical Greece, replacing the authority of God and faith with human reason, and in that regard he also criticized Islamic philosophers like al Farabi and Mulla Sadra for having absorbed Greek philosophy.

paragraph: Fardid studied philosophy at Sorbonne university and University of Heidelberg. The sparsity of Fardid’s written work has led to his recognition as an "oral philosopher". This was, to be sure, a puzzling attribute. Although Fardid tried to justify his expository reluctance to the poverty and contamination of the language, (in the Heideggerian sense) some suspect his reticence stemmed from his paralyzing perfectionism.

paragraph: Fardid coined the concept of "Westoxication" which was then popularized by Jalal Al-e-Ahmad on his then widely known book Gharbzadegi, and after the Iranian Revolution of 1979, became among the core ideological teachings of the new Islamic government of Iran. Among those influenced by his thought are also included "the theoretician of Islamic cinema", Morteza Avini, and the former conservative president, Ahmadinejad.

paragraph: Fardid's turbulent intellect was absorbed in the enterprise of synthesizing (promisingly or otherwise) the results of his studies of Eastern civilizations with the Western philosophy, as interpreted by Heidegger. Fardid's project remains unfinished and fraught with shortcomings and errors. Nevertheless, it remains an enormously intriguing and valuable endeavor. Heidegger himself on several occasions (including in his encounters with DT Suzuki concerning "transmetaphysical thinking" and in his valedictory interview with "Der Spiegel") optimistically alluded to the possibility of a convergence of Eastern and Western thought but he never explored the subject matter himself, citing a lack of knowledge and insight about the non-Western universe of discourse. Ahmad Fardid, from his corner, hoped to produce a blueprint for the endeavor, but he only succeeded in vaguely adumbrating certain contours of it. His influence is evident in the work of many philosophers in modern Iran even if that is left concealed in their biographies and writings due to the criticism that is generally directed at his thinking by intellectuals with liberal and leftist politics.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ahmad Fardid was born on September 4th, 1910, in the city of Yazd. His father, Seyyed Ali Marvi, was a small scale farmer. In 1922, at the age of 12, he began to attend Islamic and secular schools in Yazd, where he started to learn Arabic, as well as philosophy and mathematics. At the same time, his father employed a private tutor to teach him French.

paragraph: In 1926, Fardid moved to Tehran to start middle-school at Soltani High School, where he began to attend study meetings with scholars of Islamic studies.

paragraph: Two years later, in 1928, he commenced classes at Dar ul-Funun, notably the first modern university and modern institution of higher learning in Iran.

paragraph: Section::::Criticisms.

paragraph: Ahmad Fardid has been widely denounced by prominent Iranian intellectuals such as Abdolkarim Soroush and Dariush Ashuri as a total fraud; and perhaps this is due to their own political commitments rather than being as such on purely philosophical grounds. Mahmoud Sadri, himself a student of Fardid in the seventies, has rejected such virulent ad hominem attacks on Fardid in an article for www.iranian.com.

paragraph: Fardid rejected Human Rights declaring it a Western notion, and an instance of "Westoxication". Fardid often instructed his disciples, many of whom later became among the ruling clique of the Islamic government of Iran, to disregard such "westoxicated" concepts as democracy, civil rights, and tolerance, and instead to return to their "authentic Oriental self".

paragraph: Abdee Kalantari has described Fardid as "a terrorist with 'philosophical' gloves". Introducing Dariush Ashuri's famous exposé documenting Fardid's fraudulent scholarship, and the horrendous consequences of his anti-west, nativist views and teachings, Kalantari wrote:

paragraph: Those who remember the little clownish figure of Fardid on TV (Beyond the West and the East), with his stern but funny gestures and incomprehensive phrases, would enjoy the debunking of the ‘depth’ of this cartoon figure. But when they reach the final pages, blood is everywhere! They will be touched by an apt comparison and contrast with Sadegh Hedayat, whose gentle countenance lies silently next to the cold, pale, sleeping figures of all those murdered writers in morgue; all the victims who saw through the Oriental spirituality and anti-modern postures. Reminiscent of the work of Aramesh Dustdar thirty years ago, here Mr. Ashouri points his finger at, and then stirs some, the swamp. Fardid is dead but little Fardids are all around us. And not just of religious stripe. They come in all varieties: secular, left, right, liberal …When will this cycle end?

paragraph: Section::::Quotes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- My wish is to be free from the modern cave, which is filled with self-founded nihilism, enchantment by earthly gods (taghutzadegi), and historicism. This is my ideal, and wherever I see a lack of angered fists and the prevalence of compromise, I will be disappointed... because to possess and insist on a position is the right move.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Weststruckness has dominated us for a hundred years... The youth are looking for the God of the yesteryears and that of the future. They are looking for the God of the Qur᾽an, while the nihilistic and self-founded history of the contemporary world has put down deep roots among us.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Democracy means the asceticism of taking refuge in Satan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- There is no way to find democracy in the Qur’an. The Islamic Government is achieving the truth of the” day before yesterday” and the “day after tomorrow.”’ Democracy belongs to Greece, and they embody idolatry.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Humanism has nothing to do with the human. In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, there is no trace of the human… It is all about liberty, equality, and fraternity of the ego (nafsi ammarah) and the satanic self.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In accordance with Heidegger, I put forward a historical position [mowghef]. Mankind is in a historical age when God is absent, the true God... Now, human is the Truth which is apparent, that, human is god, and the Greek taghut [idolatry] embodies the human. This is the humanism that I previously mentioned: humanism and human taghut [idolatry].

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mysticism's one eye has been blinded by wahdat al-vojud ("the Unity of Being'), and the other one has been blinded by Bergson. According to Bergson, there is turbulence in the world. Where is presence ? Where is God ? I hope the human dies of the unrest. This intrinsic (natural) wisdom [esnokherad], which is like darkness, appears like lightness for Bergson. Bergson's gnosis one of the examples of Westoxification. In fact, there is no gnosis in the West. During the last four hundred years, philosophy in the West has focused on the actually existing reality (mowjud). In fact, you can not find any question about "existence" [vojud] in the nineteenth century, and all discussion were centered on mowjud.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Unofficial Persian website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iranian Intellectuals and the West: The Tormented Triumph of Nativism (in English)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fardid in His Own Words, An Interview with Ahmad Fardid by Alireza Meibodi", Introduction and Translation by Mohammad Salemy/a (in English)

description: Iranian philosopher

wikidata_label: Ahmad Fardid

wikipedia_title: Ahmad Fardid


text:
chess
Ostend
St Dogwell
Pembrokeshire
Wales
Alexander Macdonnell
Evans Gambit
An article about Evans

categories: People from Milford Haven,Nautical captains,1872 deaths,1790 births,Welsh chess players,Welsh inventors

paragraph: William Davies Evans

paragraph: Captain William Davies Evans (27 January 1790 – 3 August 1872) was a seafarer and inventor, though he is best known today as a chess player. He is buried at the Belgian port of Ostend.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Evans was born at St Dogwells, Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is almost certain that young Evans went to Haverfordwest Grammar School, the only school of any antiquity in Pembrokeshire. About the beginning of the century the family moved to Castle Pill, the name of an inlet of Milford Haven on the north side, just east of Milford town. By 1818, he had learnt the moves of chess.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: At the age of 14, (in 1804) Evans went out to sea to serve his country in the navy until 1815, when the war ended.

paragraph: He was then transferred to the postal department; by 1819, he had reached the title of Captain of the sailing packet.

paragraph: Around 1825-1826, on shore leave in London, Evans played Alexander Macdonnell, beating the latter with what is now regarded in chess circles as the first creation of the Evans Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4).

paragraph: Section::::Inventions.

paragraph: His most famous invention was the tri-coloured lighting on naval vessels designed to prevent collisions at night. For this invention he was awarded £1500 by the British government and a gold chronometer and £200 from the Tsar of Russia.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- An article about Evans, chesscafe.com

description: Welsh navy captain, inventor and chess player

wikidata_label: William Davies Evans

wikipedia_title: William Davies Evans


text:
Trelawny Parish
footballer
St. Andrew
Jamaica College
midfielder
Village United F.C.
Jamaican National Premier League
Shane Crawford
Atlanta Silverbacks
Montreal Impact
USL First Division
Jason McLaughlin
Mauricio Salles
Daniel Antoniuk
Trois-Rivières Attak
Canadian Soccer League
Portuguese Supra
Newton Sterling
Teafore Bennett
2001 FIFA World Youth Championship
Argentina
"Reggae Boyz"
Grenada
Profile at Golocaljamaica
Profile at Montreal Impact

categories: USL Second Division players,Village United F.C. players,Canadian Soccer League (2006–present) players,Jamaican expatriate sportspeople in the United States,Jamaica international footballers,People from Trelawny Parish,1981 births,Atlanta Silverbacks players,Expatriate soccer players in the United States,Trois-Rivières Attak players,Jamaican expatriate sportspeople in Canada,August Town F.C. players,USL First Division players,Richmond Kickers players,Association football midfielders,Living people,Jamaican footballers,Expatriate soccer players in Canada,Montreal Impact (1992–2011) players,Jamaican expatriate footballers,Association football forwards

paragraph: Fabian Dawkins

paragraph: Fabian Dawkins (born 7 February 1981 in Duncans, Trelawny Parish) is a Jamaican former footballer.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Dawkins grew up in August Town, St. Andrew and attended Jamaica College. Nicknamed 'Renaldo', the attacking midfielder started his career at Village United F.C. in the Jamaican National Premier League, where he became their leading goalscorer for three seasons running. He then moved abroad with former Village teammate Shane Crawford to play two seasons for the Atlanta Silverbacks. He later joined the Montreal Impact in the USL First Division, where he was later traded in January 2007 with Jason McLaughlin for forward Mauricio Salles and Daniel Antoniuk. In 2007, he was loaned to the Impact's farm team the Trois-Rivières Attak of the Canadian Soccer League. He made his debut for the club on June 3, 2007 in a match against Portuguese Supra, which resulted in the club's first home victory by a score 4-2. In between the USL 1st division season, he went back to Jamaica to form a prolific strike partnerships with Newton Sterling and Teafore Bennett at Village United.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: He appeared in the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship in Argentina, where he captained the squad and scored their only goal of the tournament. He made his debut for the "Reggae Boyz" in 2001 against Grenada and has collected a total of 17 caps (scoring one goal) until October 2006.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Golocaljamaica

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Montreal Impact

description: Jamaican footballer

wikidata_label: Fabian Dawkins

wikipedia_title: Fabian Dawkins


text:
Sir Robert Wilmot the first baronet
Osmaston Hall
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Osmaston Hall
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Wilmot baronets
Osmaston
John Byron
Pirbright
William Byron
High Sheriff of Derbyshire
Sir John Cope
Wars of the Spanish
Austrian Succession
Battle of Prestonpans
Court of Chancery
Sir Thomas Sewell

categories: People from Osmaston, Derby,1750s births,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom

paragraph: Sir Robert Wilmot, 2nd Baronet

paragraph: Sir Robert Wilmot, 2nd Baronet (c. 1752 – 23 July 1834) was the natural son of Sir Robert Wilmot the first baronet of Osmaston Hall, who was the Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Robert Wilmot was born the natural son of Sir Robert Wilmot the first baronet of Osmaston Hall, the Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. By virtue of a special remainder granted to his father he was allowed to inherit the title of the Wilmot baronets of Osmaston.

paragraph: Wilmot married first Juliana Elizabeth Byron, the daughter of Admiral John Byron on 17 September 1783 at Pirbright. Julianna was the widow of her own cousin the Hon William Byron who had been MP for Morpeth. They had an only son before his wife died in 1788.

paragraph: Wilmot remarried Mariana Howard in 1795, Mariana was the heiress of Charles Howard of Stafford. In the following year, Wilmot was the High Sheriff of Derbyshire. The couple had four other sons and two daughters

paragraph: Section::::The Cope Estate and Litigation.

paragraph: Sir Robert was made heir to the estate of General Sir John Cope, a successful veteran the Wars of the Spanish and Austrian Succession who had later fallen into personal misfortune following his defeat commanding the British force at the Battle of Prestonpans.

paragraph: Sir John had written in 1758 to Sir Robert's father, the first Osmaston baronet, of his intention to settle his estate on Sir Robert should his children by his mistress, Mrs Metcalf, die without issue. Sir John also wrote of abusive and malicious treatment by his family members which may have motivated his desire not to leave his property to his children or Cope relatives.

paragraph: In the event, Sir John devised to Sir Robert a life interest in his estate, with a remainder to Sir Robert's first and other sons in tail male. Sir John also settled on his son by Mrs Metcalf, John Metcalf Cope, a trust requiring the trustees to "raise, advance and pay any money... not exceeding £3,000 for the advancement of [John Metcalf Cope] in any business, art or profession, or any civil or military employment". The trustees laid out £1,000 to buy John an army commission and £93.2s.6d for arms, accoutrements and a war horse. Shortly thereafter John sold the commission, ran into debt and assigned all of his income in payment of the debt.

paragraph: John Cope brought a suit in the Court of Chancery against Sir Robert for the payment of the residue of the £3,000. Wilmot's lawyers argued that the terms of the trust had only required the trustees to outlay such funds as they thought proper to secure John Cope's professional advancement and that the trust was, in any event, of a discretionary nature. The Master of the Rolls Sir Thomas Sewell disagreed, adjudging the £3,000 to be a gift and made orders for the payment of the remaining £1906.17s.6d

wikidata_label: Sir Robert Wilmot, 2nd Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir Robert Wilmot, 2nd Baronet


text:
capitalist
philanthropist
Hamburg
Johann Gustav Heckscher
Richard Heckscher
Richard Heckscher & Company
Reading Railroad
Zinc and Iron Company
New Jersey Zinc Company
The Heckscher Foundation for Children
Central Park
Heckscher Park
Huntington
Heckscher Museum of Art
East Islip
Heckscher State Park
New York Philharmonic
Gustave Maurice Heckscher
Oliver Sylvain Baliol Brett
3rd Viscount Esher
Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount Esher
Virginia Henry Curtiss
Croton-on-Hudson
Edwin Burr Curtiss
A. G. Spalding Bros.
Mountain Lake, Florida
real estate
legatee
probate court
August Heckscher II
John F. Kennedy
White House
John Lindsay

categories: People from Polk County, Florida,German emigrants to the United States,1848 births,People from East Islip, New York,People from Hamburg,People from Huntington, New York,1941 deaths,Philanthropists from New York (state)

paragraph: August Heckscher

paragraph: August Heckscher (August 26, 1848 – April 26, 1941) was a German-born American capitalist and philanthropist.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Heckscher was born in Hamburg, Germany. He was the son of Johann Gustav Heckscher (1797-1865) and Marie Antoinette Brautigan.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1867, Heckscher immigrated to the United States. He initially worked in his cousin Richard Heckscher's coal mining operation as a laborer, studying English at night. Several years later he formed a partnership with his cousin under the name of Richard Heckscher & Company. The firm was eventually sold to the Reading Railroad. Heckscher then turned to zinc mining and organized the Zinc and Iron Company, becoming vice-president and general manager. In 1897, it was consolidated with other zinc and iron companies into the New Jersey Zinc Company with Heckscher serving as the general manager.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Philanthropy.

paragraph: Heckscher eventually became a multimillionaire and a philanthropist. He started "The Heckscher Foundation for Children" and created playgrounds in lower Manhattan and in Central Park. Heckscher Playground, Central Park's largest playground, is named in his honor. Heckscher also created Heckscher Park in the town of Huntington and created the Heckscher Museum of Art. The State of New York purchased nearly 1,500 acres in East Islip with money donated by Heckscher to create Heckscher State Park, made famous for hosting summer concerts for 35 years of the New York Philharmonic.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1881, he married Anna P. Atkins (1859-1924). Together, they were the parents of:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gustave Maurice Heckscher (1884-1967), who became an aviation pioneer and California real estate investor in the early 1900s.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antoinette Heckscher (1888-1965), who married British aristocrat and architect Capt. Oliver Sylvain Baliol Brett (later the 3rd Viscount Esher), son of Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount Esher.

paragraph: In 1930, he married Virginia Henry Curtiss (ca. 1885-1941) at Croton-on-Hudson. She was the widow of Edwin Burr Curtiss, of A. G. Spalding Bros. and was 27 years younger than Heckscher.

paragraph: August Heckscher died on April 26, 1941 in Mountain Lake, Florida and left his widow $10,000 and all his real estate. She died on July 11, 1941. No legatee could be found that was named in her will and the probate court declared an earlier copy of the will as valid.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Descendants.

paragraph: His grandson August Heckscher II (1913–1997), served as President John F. Kennedy's Special Consultant on the Arts, the first White House cultural adviser, 1962–63, as well New York City Mayor John Lindsay's Parks Commissioner, 1967, amongst other highlights in a wide-ranging career and life.

description: American philanthropist

wikidata_label: August Heckscher

wikipedia_title: August Heckscher


text: Anglo-Norman

text: Norman Conquest

text: Humphrey I de Bohun

text: Edward of Salisbury

text: Anglo-Saxon

text: Wiltshire

text: fief

text: Trowbridge

text: feudal relief

text: Cluniac

text: Monkton Farleigh

text: Stewardship

text: Henry I

text: Stephen

text: Oxford

text: Empress Matilda

text: Henry II

text: demesne

text: Constitutions of Clarendon

text: Humphrey III

text: Margaret of Hereford

text: Sibyl de Neufmarché

text: Henry de Beaumont

text: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

text: accessed 20 December 2009.

categories: 1160s deaths,Anglo-Normans,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Humphrey II de Bohun

paragraph: Humphrey II de Bohun (died 1164/5) was an Anglo-Norman aristocrat, the third of his family after the Norman Conquest. He was the son and heir of Humphrey I de Bohun and Maud of Salisbury, a daughter of Edward of Salisbury, an Anglo-Saxon landholder in Wiltshire. His father died around 1123, and he inherited a fief centered on Trowbridge, although he still owed feudal relief for this as late as 1130.

paragraph: Shortly after the elder Humphrey's death, his widow and son founded the Cluniac priory of Monkton Farleigh in accordance with Humphrey's wishes. By 1130 the younger Humphrey also owed four hundred marks to the Crown for the Stewardship, which he had purchased. He appears in royal charters of Henry I towards 1135, and in 1136 he signed the charter of liberties issued by Stephen at his Oxford court.

paragraph: In the civil war that coloured Stephen's reign Humphrey sided with his rival, the Empress Matilda after she landed in England in 1139. He repelled a royal army besieging his castle at Trowbridge, and in 1144 Matilda confirmed his possessions, granted him some lands, and recognised his "stewardship in England and Normandy". He consistently witnessed charters of Matilda as steward in the 1140s and between 1153 and 1157 he witnessed the charters of her son, then Henry II, with the same title.

paragraph: In 1158, he appears to have fallen from favour, for he was deprived of royal demesne lands that he had been holding in Wiltshire. He does not appear in any royal act until January 1164, when he was present for the promulgation of the Constitutions of Clarendon. He died sometime before 29 September 1165, when his son, Humphrey III, had succeeded him in Trowbridge. His wife was Margaret of Hereford, daughter of Miles of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford, and Sibyl de Neufmarché. His daughter was Margery de Bohun, who married Waleran de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Warwick, and were the parents of Henry de Beaumont.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Graeme White, "Bohun, Humphrey (III) de (b. before 1144, d. 1181)," "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 20 December 2009.

description: Anglo-Norman nobleman

wikidata_label: Humphrey II de Bohun

wikipedia_title: Humphrey II de Bohun


text:
Lord Mayor of London
Sheriff of the City of London

categories: Sheriffs of the City of London,Lord Mayors of London,1848 births,1933 deaths,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom

paragraph: Sir Charles Johnston, 1st Baronet

paragraph: Sir Charles Johnston, 1st Baronet (3 May 1848 – 10 April 1933), was Lord Mayor of London for 1914 –15.

paragraph: Prior to serving as Lord Mayor he was an Alderman and, in 1910–11, Sheriff of the City of London. He was created a Baronet in January 1916 which became extinct oh his death.

description: British Baronet and mayor

wikidata_label: Sir Charles Johnston, 1st Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir Charles Johnston, 1st Baronet


text:
jure uxoris
feudal baron
Trowbridge
Anglo-Norman
Earls of Hereford
Earls of Essex
Humphrey with the Beard
lord of the manor
Norman Conquest of England
Edward of Salisbury
feudal baron
Trowbridge
Chitterne
Humphrey II de Bohun
Cluniac
Monkton Farleigh
Walter Fitz Robert
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
accessed 20 December 2009.
Bohun family

categories: Year of birth unknown,Anglo-Normans,1120s deaths,Bohun family

paragraph: Humphrey I de Bohun

paragraph: Humphrey I de Bohun (died "c".1123), "jure uxoris" feudal baron of Trowbridge in Wiltshire, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman. By his lucrative marriage he became "the founder of the fortunes of his family", later prominent in England as Earls of Hereford and Earls of Essex, and for this reason is usually enumerated "Humphrey I" even though following his father he was the second "Humphrey de Bohun" in England. He has even been called "Humphrey the Great".

paragraph: He was the youngest son of Humphrey with the Beard, lord of the manor of Bohun (or Bohon) in Normandy, who had taken part in the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. He married Maud of Salisbury, a daughter of Edward of Salisbury (died 1130), feudal baron of Trowbridge and of Chitterne, both in Wiltshire. Maud brought as her dowry the feudal barony of Trowbridge, whilst Chitterne was inherited by her brother Walter of Salisbury (died 1147). By his wife he had children including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Humphrey II de Bohun (died 1165), eldest son and heir, feudal baron of Trowbridge. With his mother he founded the Cluniac priory at Monkton Farleigh, to fulfill his deceased father's wishes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret de Bohun, wife of Walter Fitz Robert, died without children.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bohun family

description: Anglo Norman aristocrat

wikidata_label: Humphrey I de Bohun

wikipedia_title: Humphrey I de Bohun


text:
LL.D
Kt
Provost
St Andrews
Meigle
Perthshire
Reverend James Playfair
Dundee Grammar School
University of St Andrews
Bengal Horse Artillery
University of Edinburgh
range-finding and ballistics
Calcutta
Cawnpore
Bareilly
Oudh
Agra
Saharunpoor
Meerut
Nalapani
St. Helena
Napoleon
St Andrews
St Andrews Railway
St Andrews University
St Andrews Golf Club
Knight Bachelor
Sir David Brewster
calotype
Edinburgh Calotype Club
St Andrews Cathedral
Fife
Dr William Smoult Playfair
Sir Lambert Playfair
Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair
Royal Artillery

categories: 1787 births,1861 deaths,People associated with Fife,Alumni of the University of St Andrews,People from Perthshire,People educated at the High School of Dundee

paragraph: Hugh Lyon Playfair

paragraph: Sir Hugh Lyon Playfair LL.D Kt (20 February 1787 – 19 January 1861) was a Scottish politician, army officer and photographic pioneer. He was Provost of St Andrews from 1842 until his death in 1861.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Meigle in Perthshire the third son of Margaret Lyon and the Reverend James Playfair. He was educated at Dundee Grammar School. His later education was at the University of St Andrews. In 1804 he was commissioned in into the Bengal Horse Artillery. After his commission he was sent to the University of Edinburgh for three months for instruction in range-finding and ballistics. He served in India from 1805 to 1817 and from 1820 to 1834. He was initially based in Calcutta but in November 1806 had to undertake an 800-mile march with his brigade to Cawnpore. In March 1807 General Sir John Horsford placed him in charge of the troops at Bareilly and was required to suppress the robber-chief Tumon Singh in Oudh. In November 1807 he was appointed in charge of the horse artillery in Agra and in 1809 undertook another long march to Saharunpoor. In 1811 he was moved to Meerut and required to oversee the siege of the fortress at Nalapani. He was twice wounded during the siege but successfully captured the fortress.

paragraph: Owing to ill-health he was sent back to Britain to recover. His ship moored at St. Helena en route and he where he met and interviewed Napoleon. His second period of duty in India was much less eventful.

paragraph: In 1834 he retired from the army to St Andrews where he served as Provost from 1842 till his death in 1861. Whilst Provost he is credited with building St Andrews Public Library, agreeing that the railway network (St Andrews Railway) be extended to serve the town, and achieving various grants for improvements to St Andrews University. He also revived St Andrews Golf Club which had fallen into disrepair in the 1850s due to under-use. In his time, St Andrews "was transformed into a thriving modern burgh".

paragraph: In 1856 he became a Knight Bachelor, and in the same year was awarded received an honorary doctorate of Doctor of Laws (LL.D) by the University of St Andrews.

paragraph: Playfair took an interest in photography during its pioneer years and worked with Sir David Brewster to develop the calotype process. Though not a member, Playfair was one of the founders of the Edinburgh Calotype Club one of the world's first photographic societies (1843).

paragraph: He was a keen cellist.

paragraph: He died at home in St Andrews on the 19 January 1861, and is buried on the north wall of St Andrews Cathedral churchyard, beneath a distinctive and large white monument, with a military motif.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He married Jane Dalgelish (1798-1872), daughter of William Dalgleish of Scotscraig, Fife, on 10 July 1809. Together they had five daughters and six Sons. He was uncle to Dr William Smoult Playfair, Sir Lambert Playfair and Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair who was named in his honour. His grandson, Elliot Minto Playfair (1826-1899), was a Lieutenant General in the Royal Artillery.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- L. G. Pine, The New Extinct Peerage 1884-1971: Containing Extinct, Abeyant, Dormant and Suspended Peerages With Genealogies and Arms (London, U.K.: Heraldry Today, 1972)

description: Scottish soldier and Provost of St Andrews

wikidata_label: Hugh Lyon Playfair

wikipedia_title: Hugh Lyon Playfair


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text: rudo

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text: PWI 500

text: Online World of Wrestling profile

categories: 1983 births,Living people,American male professional wrestlers

paragraph: Jigsaw (wrestler)

paragraph: Edward McGuckin (born December 16, 1983) is an American professional wrestler, better known by the ring name Jigsaw. He is best known for his work on the independent circuit for promotions such as Chikara, Combat Zone Wrestling, Dragon Gate USA, Full Impact Pro, and Ring of Honor and has also made appearances for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where he worked under the ring name Rubix. He is currently working most notably in the United Kingdom, where he predominantly appears for HOPE Wrestling.

paragraph: Jigsaw was originally trained as a professional wrestler at the Chikara Wrestle Factory by Mike Quackenbush.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Chikara (2002–2007).

paragraph: Jigsaw made his Chikara debut in late 2002, forming a rudo tag team named The Conundrum with Rorschach, while also occasionally teaming with Eddie Kingston and BlackJack Marciano as a member of The Toxic Trio. On May 22, 2004, at Aniversario 3: Dodging the Sophomore Jinx The Toxic Trio faced Mike Quackenbush, Gran Akuma and Icarus in an Ultimate Jeopardy match. During the match, which The Toxic Trio lost, Kingston and Marciano turned on Jigsaw, effectively turning him into a tecnico. In July 2004, Jigsaw reached the finals of Chikara's Young Lions Cup tournament, but was defeated by Larry Sweeney after outside interference from Rorschach, who then joined Sweeney's Sweet 'n' Sour International stable. On October 30 Jigsaw led an eight man team to face Sweet 'n' Sour International in the annual torneo cibernetico match. Jigsaw won the match by pinning Sweeney, after one of Sweeney's stable mates, named Spyrazul, turned on him and then unmasked himself to reveal Mike Quackenbush. At the following show Fear of Music on November 19, 2004, Jigsaw defeated Sweeney to win the Young Lions Cup.

paragraph: Jigsaw successfully defended his title for a year and was forced to vacate it for the 2005 edition of the Young Lions Cup tournament. Jigsaw feuded the rest of the year with fellow Chikara veteran Hallowicked and defeated him in a two out of three falls match on November 13, 2005. In early 2006 Jigsaw entered the Tag World Grand Prix teaming with Arik Cannon, but the team were eliminated in the second round of the tournament by Osamu Nishimura and Katsushi Takemura. Jigsaw would then enter a feud with Icarus, whom he would defeat on July 22, 2006, in a mask vs. hair match. The remainder of the year Jigsaw spent teaming with Mike Quackenbush and Shane Storm. 2007 started off with Jigsaw, Quackenbush and Storm winning the inaugural King of Trios tournament. Afterwards the trio went on a losing streak and on October 27, 2007, Jigsaw turned on Storm and pinned him in a tag team match to end the union for good. After competing in a trios match on November 16, 2007, Jigsaw left Chikara, in order to concentrate on his work with Ring of Honor.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Combat Zone Wrestling (2006).

paragraph: In 2006, he competed in Combat Zone Wrestling's annual Best of the Best tournament, losing to Austin Aries and B-Boy in the opening round. He, however, defeated Sonjay Dutt on September 9, 2006 at Expect the Unexpected for the World Junior Heavyweight Championship. He held the championship until Out with the Old, In with the New in April 2007, when he lost it to Scotty Vortekz.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Ring of Honor (2007–2008, 2012).

paragraph: Jigsaw joined Ring of Honor in 2007, forming The Vulture Squad alliance with Jack Evans, Ruckus, Julius Smokes to combat The Age of the Fall alliance. The Vulture Squad teamed together in a six-man tag team match against The Age of the Fall at Glory by Honor VI on November 1, 2007. The following month, female wrestler Mercedes Martinez also joined The Vulture Squad on December 20 at Final Battle 2007.

paragraph: At Breakout in January 2008, Jigsaw teamed with Matt Cross to take on The Briscoe Brothers. After Jigsaw and Ruckus failed to win the World Tag Team Championship from the No Remorse Corps (Davey Richards and Rocky Romero), Jigsaw removed his mask as he had promised to do before the match. At a Dragon Gate/ROH supercard in March, Jigsaw and Ruckus defeated the team of Kenny King and Sal Rinauro by pinfall. On April 11, 2008 at Bedlam In Beantown, Jigsaw was defeated by Eddie Edwards. In May at the pay-per-view event Take No Prisoners, Ruckus and Jigsaw defeated Adam Pearce and B.J. Whitmer in a dark match. Later in the pay-per-view, however, they competed in a World Tag Team Championship match against the champions No Remorse Corps, but were defeated. In September at Driven, The Briscoe Brothers defeated Ruckus and Jigsaw, The YRR (Jason Blade and Kenny King), and Necro Butcher in a Tag Team Scramble match.

paragraph: On January 20, 2012, Jigsaw returned to ROH at an event in Philadelphia, where he and Hallowicked, supported by several Chikara wrestlers including Mike Quackenbush and UltraMantis Black, defeated the Briscoe Brothers to earn a shot at the ROH World Tag Team Championship. Jigsaw and Hallowicked received their title opportunity on April 28, but were unable to dethrone the Briscoe Brothers in a rematch.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Return to Chikara (2008–2014, 2016).

paragraph: Jigsaw made a return to Chikara, sans mask, in September 2008, saving his trainer Mike Quackenbush from a violent assault at the hands of the UnStable (Vin Gerard, STIGMA (the former Shane Storm), and Colin Delaney). Despite his help, Quackenbush refused to accept him back into the promotion. The following month, Gerard attempted to recruit Jigsaw to the UnStable, noting that the two had a lot in common regarding their former identities under masks and their rejections from the Chikara locker room. Jigsaw refused to accept the spot and superkicked STIGMA, with Quackenbush aiding him in chasing the rudos away. On December 14, 2008, Quackenbush and Tim Donst were slated to face Delaney and STIGMA in a tag team match. However, during the match Donst suffered an injury, which led to Jigsaw entering the match with his mask back on. The match ended with Jigsaw pinning STIGMA with the Jig 'n' Tonic.

paragraph: In early 2009, Jigsaw and Quackenbush scored their third win in a row, which meant that they could now challenge for the Campeonatos de Parejas. The championship match took place on April 25, but Jigsaw and Quackenbush were unable to defeat the reigning champions The Osirian Portal (Amasis and Ophidian). With Quackenbush out with a knee injury, he positioned Jigsaw as the mentor for the stable of younger wrestlers, called The Future Is Now, which consisted of Equinox, Helios and Lince Dorado. During the rest of the year, he also feuded with Gran Akuma, whom he would defeat in the main event on November 21. On October 23, 2010, Jigsaw represented Chikara in the "torneo cibernetico" match, where the company's originals faced Bruderschaft des Kreuzes (BDK). He was eliminated from the match by BDK's Tim Donst. After several attempts and failures at getting their third point, Jigsaw and Quackenbush finally earned their title match by winning a four–way elimination match on November 22, during which they made all three eliminations. On December 12, 2010, at the season nine finale "Reality is Relative" Jigsaw and Quackenbush cashed in their points and defeated Ares and Castagnoli two falls to one to win the Campeonatos de Parejas for the first time. For the 2011 King of Trios, Jigsaw and Quackenbush formed a trio with Japanese "joshi" legend Manami Toyota and on April 15 defeated Amazing Red, Joel Maximo and Wil Maximo in their first round match. The following day, the trio was eliminated from the tournament in the quarterfinal stage by Team Michinoku Pro (Dick Togo, Great Sasuke and Jinsei Shinzaki). On September 18, Jigsaw and Quackenbush lost the Campeonatos de Parejas to F.I.S.T. (Chuck Taylor and Johnny Gargano) in their third defense. In November and December 2011, Jigsaw represented Chikara in Osaka Pro Wrestling, making his first tour of Japan in the process. The tour, which lasted from November 27 to December 18, saw Jigsaw take part in the annual Tenno-zan tournament, where he made it all the way to the semifinals, before losing to Kuuga. On May 20, 2012, during Chikara's tenth anniversary weekend, Jigsaw received his first shot at the Chikara Grand Championship, but was unable to dethrone Eddie Kingston. On September 14, Jigsaw and Mike Quackenbush reunited with Manami Toyota for the 2012 King of Trios, defeating combatAnt, deviAnt and Soldier Ant in their first round match. The following day, the team was eliminated from the tournament, after losing to Team Sendai Girls (Dash Chisako, Meiko Satomura and Sendai Sachiko).

paragraph: During the second half of 2012, Jigsaw began having problems with Mike Quackenbush, who had started to eliminate members of the "rudo" stable Gekido from Chikara, showing a new mean streak. On November 18, as Quackenbush was set to attack Gekido member The Shard, Jigsaw turned on him by superkicking him and then left the arena with The Shard. On December 2 at Chikara's third iPPV, Under the Hood, Jigsaw led Gekido to a win over Chikara in an eight man tag team match. Afterwards, Jigsaw and The Shard broke away from the rest of Gekido, forming a tag team named "Pieces of Hate". Jigsaw's rivalry with Mike Quackenbush built to a special tag team match on April 6, where he and The Shard were defeated by Quackenbush and his surprise tag team partner, Jushin Thunder Liger. On May 18, Jigsaw and The Shard took part in the 2013 Tag World Grand Prix. After wins over Da Soul Touchaz (Acid Jaz and Marshe Rockett) and AC/DC (Arik Cannon and Darin Corbin), the two defeated The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) to win the tournament, earn three points and a shot at the Campeonatos de Parejas. On June 2 at , Pieces of Hate defeated 3.0 (Scott Parker and Shane Matthews) to become the new Campeones de Parejas. Following the event, Chikara went on a break, which lasted until May 2014. On July 20, Pieces of Hate lost the Campeonatos de Parejas to the Throwbacks (Dasher Hatfield and Mark Angelosetti) in their first defense. In September, Jigsaw represented Gekido in the 2014 King of Trios, alongside The Shard and 17. The team made it to the second round before losing to Archibald Peck, Shane Matthews and Scott Parker. Following the loss, Jigsaw turned on Gekido by superkicking The Shard, but also turned down an offer by Mike Quackenbush to re-join Chikara.

paragraph: On September 2, 2016, Jigsaw returned to Chikara as part of Hallowicked's team in the 2016 King of Trios tournament. The "rudo" team, which also included Icarus, defeated Bullet Ant, Missile Assault Man and Worker Ant in their first round match. The following day, Jigsaw, Hallowicked and Icarus defeated Major League Moustache (Dasher Hatfield, Trent Seven and Tyler Bate) to advance to the semifinals of the tournament. On the third and final day of the tournament, Jigsaw, Hallowicked and Icarus were eliminated after being disqualified in their semifinal match against Team JWP (Command Bolshoi, Hanako Nakamori and Manami Katsu).

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Dragon Gate USA (2009–2013).

paragraph: In 2009, Jigsaw began making appearances for Dragon Gate USA, the American counterpart of the Japanese professional wrestling promotion Dragon Gate. At their first pay-per-view event Enter the Dragon on September 4, Jigsaw teamed with The Colony (Fire Ant and Soldier Ant) and Mike Quackenbush to defeat F.I.S.T. (Icarus and Gran Akuma), Amasis and Hallowicked in an eight-man tag team match. At the following pay-per-view, Untouchable on November 6, 2009, Jigsaw and Quackenbush once again teamed together to defeat YAMATO and Gran Akuma. On November 28 at Freedom Fight, he defeated Eddie Kingston in a singles match. On January 23, 2010, at Fearless, Jigsaw and Quackenbush defeated the team of CIMA and Super Crazy in a tag team match. At the two following shows, "Open the Ultimate Gate" and "Mercury Rising", on March 26 and 27, Jigsaw and Quackenbush lost to Genki Horiguchi and Susumu Yokosuka and defeated The Young Bucks in tag team matches. On May 7 at "Open the Northern Gate" Jigsaw and Quackenbush defeated Kamikaze USA representatives Gran Akuma and Akira Tozawa in a tag team match and were then assaulted by their teammates YAMATO and Shingo. At the following day's tapings of the "Uprising" pay-per-view, Jigsaw and Quackenbush were defeated by the team of Naruki Doi and PAC. After the match Quackenbush challenged YAMATO to a tag team match, before he and Jigsaw were once again jumped by the members of Kamikaze USA. On July 24 at the tapings of the "Enter the Dragon 2010" pay–per–view, Jigsaw, Quackenbush and Hallowicked teamed up with the Open the Dream Gate Champion Masato Yoshino to defeat Kamikaze USA's YAMATO, Gran Akuma, Akira Tozawa and Jon Moxley in an eight man elimination tag team match. On the January 28, 2011, "United: NYC", live pay-per-view, Jigsaw was defeated by Moxley in a grudge match.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2012–2014).

paragraph: On June 28, 2012, McGuckin, working under the ring name Rubix, made his debut for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), losing to Sonjay Dutt in a TNA X Division Championship tournament qualifying match on "Impact Wrestling". On July 8 at Destination X, Rubix got another opportunity to earn his way back into the tournament, but was defeated by Mason Andrews in a four-way Last Chance match, which also included Dakota Darsow and Lars Only. McGuckin, once again working as Rubix, returned to TNA on January 12, 2013, to take part in the tapings of the One Night Only: X-Travaganza special, wrestling in an Ultimate X match, which was won by Kenny King and also included Mason Andrews and Zema Ion. Rubix returned to TNA on July 18 to take part in the Destination X episode of "Impact Wrestling". Entering a tournament to determine the new X Division Champion, he was defeated by Greg Marasciulo in a first round three-way match, which also included Rockstar Spud. Rubix returned to TNA on April 12, 2014, for another One Night Only taping, losing to Kenny King.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: McGuckin's brother is also a wrestler and Chikara alumni, using the ring names Tyler Murphy and Jolly Roger.

paragraph: Section::::Championships and accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chikara

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campeonatos de Parejas (2 times) – with Mike Quackenbush (1) and The Shard (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Young Lions Cup (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- King of Trios (2007) – with Mike Quackenbush and Shane Storm

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tag World Grand Prix (2013) – with The Shard

paragraph: BULLET::::- Torneo Cibernetico (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Combat Zone Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- CZW World Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Family Wrestling Entertainment

paragraph: BULLET::::- FWE Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tony Nese

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Pain: Evolution

paragraph: BULLET::::- HOPE Kings Of Flight Championship (2 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pro Wrestling Illustrated

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranked No. 259 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the "PWI 500" in 2010

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Online World of Wrestling profile

alias:
Ed McGuckin
Rubix

description: American professional wrestler

wikidata_label: Jigsaw

wikipedia_title: Jigsaw (wrestler)


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categories: French expatriates in the United States,Living people,1931 births,20th-century French actresses,Officers of the National Order of Merit (France),Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners,21st-century French actresses,French television actresses,Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur,Best British Actress BAFTA Award winners,People from Boulogne-Billancourt,Primetime Emmy Award winners,French people of American descent,French female dancers,French film actresses,Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players

paragraph: Leslie Caron

paragraph: Leslie Claire Margaret Caron (; born 1 July 1931) is a Franco-American actress and dancer who appeared in 45 films between 1951 and 2003. Her autobiography, "Thank Heaven", was published in 2010 in the UK and US, and in 2011 in a French version. Veteran documentarian Larry Weinstein's "Leslie Caron: The Reluctant Star" premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on 28 June 2016.

paragraph: Caron is best known for the musical films "An American in Paris" (1951), "Lili" (1953), "Daddy Long Legs" (1955), and "Gigi" (1958), and for the nonmusical films "Fanny" (1961), "The L-Shaped Room" (1962), and "Father Goose" (1964). She received two Academy Award nominations for Best Actress. In 2006, her performance in "" won her an Emmy for guest actress in a drama series. She is fluent in French, English, and Italian. She is one of the few dancers or actresses who have danced with Gene Kelly, Fred Astaire, Mikhail Baryshnikov, and Rudolf Nureyev.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Caron was born in Boulogne-sur-Seine, Seine (now Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine), the daughter of Margaret (née Petit), a Franco-American dancer on Broadway, and Claude Caron, a French chemist, pharmacist, perfumer, and boutique owner. While her older brother Aimery Caron became a chemist like their father, Leslie was prepared for a performing career from childhood by her mother.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Caron started her career as a ballerina. Gene Kelly discovered her in the Roland Petit company "" and cast her to appear opposite him in the musical "An American in Paris" (1951), a role in which a pregnant Cyd Charisse was originally cast. This role led to a long-term MGM contract and a sequence of films which included the musical "The Glass Slipper" (1955) and the drama "The Man with a Cloak" (1951), with Joseph Cotten and Barbara Stanwyck. Still, Caron has said of herself: "Unfortunately, Hollywood considers musical dancers as hoofers. Regrettable expression."

paragraph: She also starred in the successful musicals "Lili" (1953), with Mel Ferrer; "Daddy Long Legs" (1955), with Fred Astaire, and "Gigi" (1958) with Louis Jourdan and Maurice Chevalier.

paragraph: In 1953, Caron was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her starring role in "Lili." For her performance in the British drama "The L-Shaped Room" (1962), she won the BAFTA Award for Best British Actress and Golden Globe awards, and was nominated for the Best Actress Oscar.

paragraph: In the 1960s and thereafter, Caron worked in European films, as well. Her later film assignments included "Father Goose" (1964), with Cary Grant; Ken Russell's "Valentino" (1977), in the role of silent-screen legend Alla Nazimova; and Louis Malle's "Damage" (1992). Sometime in 1970, Caron was one of the many actresses considered for the lead role of Eglantine Price in Disney's "Bedknobs and Broomsticks," losing the role to British actress Angela Lansbury.

paragraph: In 1967, she was a member of the jury of the 5th Moscow International Film Festival. In 1989, she was a member of the jury at the 39th Berlin International Film Festival.

paragraph: Caron has continued to act, appearing in the film "Chocolat" (2000). During the 1980s, she appeared in several episodes of the soap opera "Falcon Crest" as Nicole Sauguet. She is one of the few actresses from the classic era of MGM musicals who are still active in film—a group that includes Rita Moreno, Margaret O'Brien, and June Lockhart. Her other later credits include "Funny Bones" (1995) with Jerry Lewis and Oliver Platt; "The Last of the Blonde Bombshells" (2000) with Judi Dench and Cleo Laine; and "Le Divorce" (2003), directed by James Ivory, with Kate Hudson and Naomi Watts.

paragraph: On 30 June 2003, Caron traveled to San Francisco to appear as the special guest star in "," a retrospective concert staged by San Francisco's 42nd Street Moon Company. In 2007, her guest appearance on "" earned her a 2007 Primetime Emmy Award. On 27 April 2009, Caron traveled to New York as an honored guest at a tribute to Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe at the Paley Center for Media.

paragraph: For her contributions to the film industry, Caron was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame on 8 December 2009 with a motion pictures star located at 6153 Hollywood Boulevard. In February 2010, she played Madame Armfeldt in "A Little Night Music" at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris, which also featured Greta Scacchi and Lambert Wilson.

paragraph: In 2016, Caron appeared in the ITV television series "The Durrells" as the Countess Mavrodaki.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In September 1951, Caron married American George Hormel II, a grandson of the founder of the Hormel meat-packing company. They divorced in 1954. During that period, while under contract to MGM, she lived in Laurel Canyon, in a Normandie style 1927 mansion, near the country store on Laurel Canyon Blvd. One bedroom was all mirrored for her dancing rehearsals.

paragraph: Her second husband was British theatre director Peter Hall. They married in 1956 and had two children: Christopher John Hall (TV producer) in 1957 and Jennifer Caron Hall, a writer, painter, and actress, in 1958.

paragraph: Caron had an affair with Warren Beatty (1961). When she and Hall divorced in 1965, Beatty was named as a co-respondent and was ordered by the London court to pay the costs of the case.

paragraph: In 1969, Caron married Michael Laughlin, the producer of the film "Two-Lane Blacktop;" they divorced in 1980. Her son-in-law is Glenn Wilhide, the producer and screenwriter.

paragraph: Caron was also romantically linked to Dutch television actor Robert Wolders from 1994 to 1995.

paragraph: From June 1993 until September 2009, Caron owned and operated the hotel and restaurant "Auberge la Lucarne aux Chouettes" (The Owls' Nest), located in Villeneuve-sur-Yonne, located about south of Paris. Unhappy with the lack of work in France, Caron left Paris for England in 2013.

paragraph: In her autobiography, "Thank Heaven," she states that she obtained American citizenship in time to vote for Barack Obama for president.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and nominations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- British Academy Film Award 1954: Award for Best Leading Actress for "Lili"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Academy Award Nomination 1954: Best Actress in a film for "Lili"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laurel Awards 1959: Golden Laurel for Best Leading Actress in a musical film for "Gigi"

paragraph: BULLET::::- British Academy Film Award 1963: Award for Best Leading Actress for "The L-Shaped Room"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Golden Globes 1964: Golden Globes for Best Leading Actress in a dramatic film for "The L-Shaped Room"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laurel Awards 1964: Golden Laurel for Best Leading Actress in a dramatic film for "The L-Shaped Room"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Academy Award Nomination 1964: Best Actress in a film for "The L-Shaped Room"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Women in Film Crystal + Lucy Awards 1989: Lifetime Achievement Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- School of American Ballet 1996: Life Achievement Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- Palm Springs International Film Festival 1996: Life Achievement Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarasota Film Festival 2005: Life Achievement Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emmy Award 2007: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for "Law and Order SVU" (episode "Recall #8005", 2006, NBC)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 8 December 2009: Hollywood Walk of Fame motion pictures star at 6153 Hollywood Boulevard, between Gene Kelly and Louis Jourdan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary Degree 2009: the American University of Paris

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur by President François Mitterrand in June 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ordre National du Mérite, by Catherine Trautmann, Minister of Culture, in February 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- Officier de la Légion d'Honneur, given by Prime Minister Jean Pierre Raffarin in June 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medaille D'Or De La Ville De Paris in 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur in March 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- J F Kennedy Gold Medal in the Arts in 2015

paragraph: Section::::Theatre.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955: Orvet, by Jean Renoir, director Jean Renoir, Théâtre de la Renaissance, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955: Gigi, by Anita Loos, director Sir Peter Hall, New Theatre, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: La sauvage, by Jean Anouilh, BBC (live), London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: Ondine, by Jean Giraudoux, director Sir Peter Hall, Aldwych Theatre, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965: Carola, by Jean Renoir, director Norman Lloyd, PBS TV, Los Angeles

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975–1981: 13, rue de l'amour (Monsieur Chasse), by Georges Feydeau, director Basil Langton, US and Australia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978: Can-Can, musical by Cole Porter & Abe Burrows, director John Bishop, US and Canadian tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983: The rehearsal by Jean Anouilh, director Gillian Lynne, English tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984: On your toes by Rodgers and Hart, director George Abbott, US tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: One for the Tango (Apprends-moi Céline) by Maria Pacôme, director Pierre Epstein, US tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: L'inaccessible, author and director Krzysztof Zanussi, Théâtre du Petit Odéon of Paris and Spoletto Festival, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991: Grand hotel, adaptation from the novel of Vicki Baum, director Tommy Tune, Berlin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991: Le martyre de Saint Sebastien by Claude Debussy and Gabriele d'Annunzio, narration, directed by Michael Tilson Thomas, London Symphony Orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: Georges Sand et Chopin, author Bruno Villien, Greenwich Festival, Great Britain

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: Nocturne for lovers, adaptation Gavin Lambert, director Kado Kostzer, Chichester Festival Theatre, Great Britain

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: The story of Babar, by Jean de Brunhoff, narration, music from Francis Poulenc, Chichester Festival, Great Britain

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: Apprends-moi Céline, by Maria Pacôme, director Raymond Acquaviva, French tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: Readings from Colette, director Roger Hodgeman, Melbourne Festival, Australia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: Nocturne for lovers, director Roger Hodgeman, Melbourne Festival, Australia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: Thank Heaven – 'platform' at the Théâtre National of London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: A Little Night Music by Stephen Sondheim, director Lee Blakeley, Théâtre du Châtelet, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: Six Dance Lessons in Six Weeks by Richard Alfieri, director Michael Arabian, Laguna Playhouse, Laguna Beach, California

paragraph: Section::::Recordings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Lover (l'Amant) by Marguerite Duras on cassettes

paragraph: BULLET::::- First World War for the radio

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Martyre de Saint Sébastien" by Claude Debussy and Gabriele d'Annunzio, with the London Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Michael Tilson Thomas

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gigi" by Colette in English on cassettes recorded in public at Merkin Concert Hall at Abraham Goodman House in New York City, 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- Narrated "Carnival of the Animals" music by Camille St Saëns with the Nash Ensemble – Wigmore Hall, 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Plutocrats" play for the BBC dir. Bill Bryden, written by Michael Hastings, from the novel by Booth Tarkington, January 1999

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Books by Leslie Caron

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vengeance" (short stories) – Doubleday US – 1982 – Weisdenfeld & Nicholas UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thank Heaven" (autobiography) J.R. 2011 UK – Viking US UNE FRANCAISE A HOLLYWOOD – Baker Street FR

paragraph: Articles by Leslie Caron

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with J. Fieschi and B. Villien, in "Cinématographe" (Paris), October 1980

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Polonaises", in "Cinématographe" (Paris), April 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Enfin Star!", in "Cinématographe" (Paris), November 1983

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Un ami : Truffaut", in "Cinématographe" (Paris), December 1984

paragraph: Articles by Leslie Caron

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Current Biography 1954", New York, 1954

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Film Dope" (London), March 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stars" (Mariembourg), Spring 1994

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of actors who have appeared in multiple Best Picture Academy Award winners

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Springer, John, "All Talking", "All Singing", "All Dancing", New York, 1966

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kobal, John, "Gotta Sing, Gotta Dance", New York, 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knox, Donald, "The Magic Factory", New York, 1973

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leslie Caron, "Vengeance", published by Doubleday (US), Weidenfeld & Nicolson (UK), André Balland (France), 1982,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leslie Caron, "Thank Heaven", published by Viking Penguin (US), JR Books Ltd (UK), 2009,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leslie Caron, "Une Française à Hollywood" (Mémoires), (translation : Anne-Marie Hussein) published by Baker Street (US), 2011,

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leslie Caron's hotel in Burgundy, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cinema Retro covers A.M.P.A.S. tribute to Leslie Caron

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photographs and literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photo gallery: Leslie Caron on set of "Law & Order: SVU"

paragraph: BULLET::::- March 2011 : "She'll always have Paris", article "Vanity Fair" Issue 607, from David Kamp, photography from Bruce Weber

description: actress

wikidata_label: Leslie Caron

wikipedia_title: Leslie Caron


text:
Union
spy
Civil War
American
slave
Elizabeth "Bet" Van Lew
Richmond, Virginia
enslaved from birth
baptism
St. John's Church
First African Baptist Church
Princeton, New Jersey
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Liberia
missionary
ceremony
Confederate troops
Fort Sumter
first battle of the Civil War
Elizabeth Van Lew
Confederate White House
Jefferson Davis
Alfred Terry
Edward Ord
Benjamin Butler
Ulysses S. Grant
George H. Sharpe
Anna Dickinson
Abyssinian Baptist Church
Manhattan
Bridge Street
Brooklyn
Saint Marys, Georgia
Freedmen's Bureau
West Indies
"Harper's Monthly"
Quaker
photographic memory
Elizabeth R. Varon
Lois M. Leveen
Ted Lange
Chrystee Pharris
Passions
Robert Pine
Connie Ventress
Military Intelligence Hall of Fame
Fort Huachuca
Harriet Tubman
Lois M. Leveen

categories: Women in the American Civil War,Female wartime spies,1830s births,Year of birth uncertain,American spies,African Americans in the Civil War,Year of death unknown

paragraph: Mary Bowser

paragraph: Mary Jane Richards Denman was a Union spy during the Civil War. She was an American former slave and worked in connection with Elizabeth "Bet" Van Lew. She is often referred to as Mary Bowser although there are no records of her using this name. According to historian and author Lois Leveen, much of what is claimed about this figure is actually untrue, and focusing only on her Civil War espionage ignores larger issues about race in America.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Mary Jane was born near Richmond, Virginia, and was enslaved from birth by Eliza Baker Van Lew and John Van Lew (parents of Bet) or their extended family.

paragraph: The first record directly related to her is her baptism, as "Mary Jane" at St. John's Church in Richmond, on May 17, 1846. Mary Jane's baptism at the Van Lew family church, rather than at Richmond's First African Baptist Church, where the other Van Lew slaves were baptized, indicates that someone in the Van Lew family took special notice of Richards. Sometime after this baptism, Bet Van Lew, soon sent Richards north to school in Princeton, New Jersey, or Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

paragraph: In 1855, Richards went to Liberia, West Africa, to join a missionary community, as arranged by Elizabeth Van Lew. By spring of 1860, Richards had returned to Richmond.

paragraph: Section::::The American Civil War.

paragraph: On April 16, 1861, Mary wed Wilson Bowser. The ceremony took place in St. John's Church, just four days after Confederate troops opened fire on Fort Sumter, the first battle of the Civil War. The marriage was relatively short lived, and by the time the war ended, she was once again using the surname Richards.

paragraph: Throughout the war, Mary participated in the pro-Union underground espionage ring organized by Elizabeth Van Lew. Although many sources focus solely on her daring infiltration of the Confederate White House, which she undertook by posing as a slave to "serve" Jefferson Davis's family, this was only one of the many pro-Union activities in which she and other African Americans participated. It is possible that Union military leaders such as Alfred Terry, Edward Ord, and Colonel S H Roberts benefited from her work. Although exactly what intelligence she collected is unknown, the value of espionage ring was noted by Generals Benjamin Butler, Ulysses S. Grant, and George H. Sharpe.

paragraph: Section::::Postwar life.

paragraph: Even just a few days after the fall of Richmond, Mary Jane Richards worked as teacher to former slaves in the city.

paragraph: Richards gave at least two lectures in the North in 1865 about her education, travel to Liberia, and wartime exploits. In September, a reporter claimed that she and the famed white political orator Anna Dickinson "might, indeed, easily be mistaken for twin sisters," likely referring to the strangeness of a woman speaking about political issues to a group. While speaking in New York, Richards protected her identity by using pseudonyms at both lectures, calling herself Richmonia Richards at Abyssinian Baptist Church in Manhattan on September 11 and Richmonia R. St. Pierre a week or two later at the African Methodist Episcopal Church on Bridge Street in Brooklyn. It is possible that more information about Richards may be found by searching 19th-century Northern black papers for mention of more of her lectures.

paragraph: Again using the name Mary J. Richards, she founded a freedmen's school in Saint Marys, Georgia, in early 1867. Her school served day students, adult night students, and Sunday school students, all taught by herself.

paragraph: In a June 1867 letter to the superintendent of education for the Georgia Freedmen's Bureau, she requested that he now refer to her as Mary J. R. Garvin. Though a later letter may imply that she intended to join her new husband in the West Indies after St. Mary's school closed, it has not yet been confirmed. After that date, there is no further record of her use of the name Garvin, and until 2019, historians had been able to trace anything about her later life.

paragraph: In November 2018, Emily Payne "a specialist in American history at Cowan’s Auctions in Cincinnati, Ohio," contacted historian Lois Leveen regarding a letter dated 1870 and signed "M J Denman," which she believed might have been written by Mary Jane to Bet Van Lew. Leveen recognized the handwriting as belonging to the former slave and spy, but only after months of archival research was she able to confirm that M J Denman was the same person as Mary Jane Richards. Based on information learned from this letter and from other documents she located as a result of the letter, Leveen, who is the author of the critically acclaimed novel "The Secrets of Mary Bowser", says she is now writing a non-fiction book about the real Mary Jane Richards Denman.

paragraph: Section::::Untrue or unsubstantiated claims.

paragraph: In addition to the misuse of the name "Bowser," a number of claims made in purportedly nonfiction accounts about this figure are unsubstantiated, or even untrue. Many are embellishments of a June 1911 "Harper's Monthly" article, the first known publication of the erroneous Bowser's name. Unfortunately, a number of modern publications, including reputable sources such as NOW with Bill Moyers, NPR and "The Washington Post" have republished such false claims, despite their intention to be non-fiction.

paragraph: BULLET::::- No evidence exists that Van Lew or Richards identified as Quaker, as is sometimes claimed. It is not known where Richards attended school.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A "colored girl Mary" who participated in the espionage ring is claimed to have a photographic memory in a document called, "Recollections of Thomas McNiven and his activities in Richmond during the American Civil War." The document's accuracy is doubted by historians including Elizabeth R. Varon, author of "Southern Lady, Yankee Spy", a biography of Van Lew.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Although she used numerous pseudonyms, the name "Ellen Bond" was not one of them.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richards did not likely attempt to set fire to the Confederate White House and flee Richmond in early 1865, as she was still there in April 1865 educating newly freed slaves. Nor was she smuggled out of the city to Philadelphia in a cartload of manure during the war.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A member of the Bowser family told an NPR reporter that in the 1950s she had inadvertently discarded a book that might have contained Mary's wartime journal. But the existence of such a journal cannot be confirmed. It is unlikely that a spy would keep such a dangerous document. Or that it would have been handed down in the Bowser family, given how short the duration of her marriage to Wilson Bowser.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A photograph of another woman by the name of Mary Bowser has been incorrectly associated with the spy Mary Richards.

paragraph: Section::::Popular culture representations.

paragraph: A novel by Lois M. Leveen, "The Secrets of Mary Bowser," is based on Bowser's life. Leveen, who holds degrees in history and literature from Harvard University, the University of Southern California, and UCLA, and who often speaks at museums, historical sites, and similar venues, says that in the novel she "imagined what the historical record seemed incapable of revealing: the emotional life of this important woman." Nevertheless, Leveen notes "As both a historian and a novelist, I am committed to helping people understand the distinction between fact and fiction."

paragraph: Bowser's acts of espionage are also detailed in the play "Lady Patriot" written by Ted Lange. The play was produced by Mary Lange and premiered at the Hudson Backstage Theatre in Santa Monica, California. Chrystee Pharris, best known for her role of Simone on NBC's "Passions", played the role of Bowser. The ensemble cast also included Zuri Alexander (Mary Bowser), Lou Beatty Jr. (Old Robert), Dr. Gordon Goodman (Jefferson Davis), Anne Johnstonbrown (Varina Davis), Paul Messinger (Judah P. Benjamin), Robert Pine (Mr. Slydell), and Connie Ventress (Elizabeth Van Lew).

paragraph: A 1987 made-for-TV movie, "A Special Friendship", was loosely based on Bowser and Van Lew's activities.

paragraph: The heroine of "An Extraordinary Union" by Alyssa Cole is based in part on Mary Bowser.

paragraph: An episode of Uncivil was about Mary Bowser. Although this series claims "it brings you stories that were left out of the official history of the Civil War," the episode does not include interviews with any historians. In addition to misusing the name "Bowser," the Uncivil episode also repeats the false claim that she was forced to flee Richmond for the north in a cartload of manure. The podcast host also gets several facts wrong regarding her discussion of an article about one of the New York lectures given by the former spy; it may be that the host did not read the article before discussing it on air.

paragraph: Section::::Recognition.

paragraph: "Mary Elizabeth Bowser" has been honored by the U.S. government with an induction into the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame in Fort Huachuca, Arizona, for her work in the war; it is unclear why experts in military intelligence were unable to realize they were using the wrong name to refer to her.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harriet Tubman

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lois M. Leveen

description: American spy

wikidata_label: Mary Bowser

wikipedia_title: Mary Bowser


text:
surveyor
Duke of Beaufort
Ross-on-Wye
Peter Scheemakers
William Kent
studentship
Royal Academy
Saint Petersburg
Catherine the Great
Achilles
Briseis
Royal Academy
Westminster Abbey
St Paul's Cathedral
George Blagden Westcott
Westminster Abbey
Eyre Coote
Sir Clifton Wintringham
William Woollett
Warren Hastings
National Portrait Gallery
New Place
Stratford-upon-Avon
John Boydell
Shakespeare Gallery
Pall Mall
Isaac Watts
Westminster Abbey
Thomas Newton
St. Mary-le-Bow
Sir Eyre Coote
Westminster Abbey
Dean Smith
Chester Cathedral
Bishop Edmund Law
Carlisle Cathedral
Whitechapel
Giuseppe Baretti
Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of Hardwicke
Flitton
St Andrews, Plymouth
William Woollett
Westminster Abbey
Shukburgh Ashby
Hungarton
Joseph Hurlock
Chester Cathedral
Joan Gideon Loten
Westminster Abbey
Sir Clifton Wintringham
Westminster Abbey
Lewisham
Stephen Storace
Thomas Kyd
Calcutta Botanical Gardens
Halesowen
St Paul's Cathedral
George Blagden Westcott
St Paul's Cathedral

categories: 1735 births,18th-century British sculptors,Artists from London,1805 deaths,English sculptors,Royal Academicians,19th-century British sculptors

paragraph: Thomas Banks

paragraph: Thomas Banks (29 December 1735 – 2 February 1805) was an important 18th-century English sculptor.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: The son of William Banks, a surveyor who was land steward to the Duke of Beaufort, he was born in London. He was educated at Ross-on-Wye.

paragraph: He was taught drawing by his father, and from 1750 to 1756 was apprenticed to a woodcarver, William Barlow, in London. In his spare time he worked at sculpture, spending his evenings in the studio of the Flemish émigré sculptor Peter Scheemakers. During this period he is known to have worked for the architect William Kent. Before 1772, when he obtained a travelling studentship given by the Royal Academy and proceeded to Rome, he had already exhibited several fine works.

paragraph: Returning to England in 1779 he found that the taste for classic poetry, ever the source of his inspiration, no longer existed, and he spent two years in Saint Petersburg, being employed by the empress Catherine the Great, who purchased his "Cupid Tormenting a Butterfly". On his return he modelled his colossal "Achilles Mourning the Loss of Briseis", a work full of force and passion; and then he was elected, in 1784, an associate of the Royal Academy and in the following year a full member.

paragraph: Banks died in London on 2 February 1805. He is buried in Paddington Churchyard.

paragraph: A monument to his memory was also erected in Westminster Abbey.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Among other works in St Paul's Cathedral are the monuments to Captain George Blagden Westcott and Captain Richard Burgess, and in Westminster Abbey to Sir Eyre Coote, General Loten, Sir Clifton Wintringham and William Woollett. His bronze bust of Warren Hastings is in the National Portrait Gallery.

paragraph: Banks's best-known work is perhaps the colossal group of "Shakespeare Attended by Painting and Poetry", which since 1871 has been placed in the garden of New Place, Stratford-upon-Avon. The high-relief sculpture was commissioned in 1788 to be placed in a recess in the upper façade of John Boydell's new Shakespeare Gallery in Pall Mall. Banks was paid 500 guineas for the group which depicts Shakespeare, reclining against a rock, between the Dramatic Muse and the Genius of Painting. Beneath it was panelled pedestal inscribed "He was a Man, take him for all in all, I shall not look upon his like again". The sculpture remained in Pall Mall until the building was demolished in 1868 or 1869, when it was moved to New Place.

paragraph: One of his most bizarre works is "Anatomical Crucifixion" (1801) held in the Hunterian (Anatomical) Museum in London. This shows a dissected body nailed to a cross.

paragraph: Section::::Memorials.

paragraph: See Gunnis.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isaac Watts, Westminster Abbey (1774)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bishop Thomas Newton, St. Mary-le-Bow (1782)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Eyre Coote, Westminster Abbey (1783)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dean Smith, Chester Cathedral (1787)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Heaviside the elder, Hatfield, Hertfordshire (1787)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bishop Edmund Law, Carlisle Cathedral (1787)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Markham, St Marys, Whitechapel, London (1788)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giuseppe Baretti, Marylebone Chapel (1789)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of Hardwicke, Flitton, Bedfordshire (1790)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samuel Northcote, St Andrews, Plymouth (1791)

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Woollett, Westminster Abbey (1791)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shukburgh Ashby, Hungarton, Leicestershire (1792)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Penelope Boothby, Ashbourne, Derby (1793)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph Hurlock FRS, Stoke Newington Parish Church (1793)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna Matthews, Chester Cathedral (1793)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joan Gideon Loten, Westminster Abbey (1793)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Clifton Wintringham, Westminster Abbey (1794)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mrs Halifax, Ewell, Surrey (1795)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret Petrie, Lewisham Parish Church (1795)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stephen Storace, Marylebone Parish Church (1796)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colonel Thomas Kyd, memorial in Calcutta Botanical Gardens, India (1796)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cornelia Millbank, Croft, Yorkshire (1796)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Halliday, Halesowen, Worcestershire (1797)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Clarke, Ickenham, Middlesex, (1800)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Captain Richard Burgess, St Paul's Cathedral (1802)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Captain George Blagden Westcott, St Paul's Cathedral (1805)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Works cited

paragraph: Attribution

description: British artist

wikidata_label: Thomas Banks

wikipedia_title: Thomas Banks