text:
Hedley
second season
Canadian Idol
Surrey, British Columbia
Abbotsford, British Columbia
Surrey, British Columbia
Surrey, British Columbia
Senator Reid Elementary School
L.A. Matheson Secondary School
Rebekah Asselstine
Rohypnol
Tinder

categories: Canadian rock guitarists,Canadian Idol participants,Canadian rock singers,Canadian male singers,Living people,Musicians from British Columbia,1984 births,People from Abbotsford, British Columbia,Canadian pop guitarists,Canadian male guitarists,21st-century Canadian singers,People from Surrey, British Columbia,21st-century Canadian guitarists,Canadian people of Italian descent

paragraph: Jacob Hoggard

paragraph: Jacob William Hoggard (born 9 July 1984) is a Canadian singer and songwriter, best known as the lead singer of the pop-rock band Hedley. Before Hedley was formed, Hoggard competed on the second season of "Canadian Idol", in 2004; he placed third.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Jacob Hoggard was born on 9 July 1984, in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. He was raised in Abbotsford, British Columbia and Surrey, British Columbia. He is of partial Italian origin.

paragraph: He was educated in Surrey, British Columbia at Senator Reid Elementary School and Mennonite Educational Institute, Yale Secondary School in Abbotsford and at L.A. Matheson Secondary School, he was also in the City Central Learning Center.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Hoggard married his high school sweetheart in 2005, which ended in divorce in 2009. Hoggard married Canadian actress Rebekah Asselstine on December 31, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Allegations of sexual misconduct and rape.

paragraph: In 2005, Hoggard and his band members were suspects in a sexual assault case where a minor was found unconscious and shoeless outside a London, Ontario venue where the band had played. Rohypnol was present in the victim's blood. The police investigation ended when the victim refused a rape kit and the band sent the venue management a letter stating any discussion of the incident would result in a lawsuit.

paragraph: On 25 February 2018, an Ottawa woman accused Hoggard of raping her after the pair met on Tinder in November 2016. Attorneys for Hoggard denied the allegations in a statement sent to CBC News on his behalf, stating that their interaction was consensual.

paragraph: In February he announced that he would be stepping away from his career indefinitely following Hedley's tour.

paragraph: On 5 March 2018, a Toronto woman also accused Hoggard of rape, detailing an encounter she had with him in March 2013. Hoggard stated that this, too, was consensual, and that the allegations were "startling and categorically untrue". The identities of both women have been withheld for their privacy.

paragraph: On 23 July 2018, Hoggard was charged with one count of sexual interference and two counts of sexual assault causing bodily harm, involving a girl under 16 and a woman. His trial date was scheduled to begin on 28 November 2018. On 12 July 2019, it was announced and confirmed that he will stand trial for sexual assault and sexual interference charges. His next court hearing is set for 23 August 2019.

description: Canadian musician

wikidata_label: Jacob Hoggard

wikipedia_title: Jacob Hoggard


text:
Italian Argentine
football
forward
attacking midfielder
Fiorentina's
playmaking
Rosario
Argentina
Afro-Argentinian
Neapolitan
Florence
Universidad Católica
Santiago
Chilean Primera División
ACF Fiorentina
Serie A
Coppa Italia
1956–57
European Cup
final
Mitropa Cup
Italian title
1955–56
1960–61 European Cup Winners' Cup
Coppa Italia
Grasshoppers
Coppa dell'Amicizia
Coppa delle Alpi
Perugia
Italy national football team
France
Switzerland
non-Italian born player
captain
Spain
Universidad Católica
Chilean Primera División
Fiorentina
Serie A
1955–56
Coppa Italia
European Cup Winners' Cup
1960–61
Coppa dell'Amicizia
Coppa delle Alpi
Oriundo
Fiorentina profile

categories: Sportspeople from Rosario, Santa Fe,1932 births,1998 deaths,Expatriate football managers in Chile,Argentine people of Italian descent,Club Deportivo Universidad Católica footballers,Italian footballers,People of Campanian descent,Argentine footballers,ACF Fiorentina players,Italy international footballers,Expatriate footballers in Chile,Association football midfielders

paragraph: Miguel Montuori

paragraph: Miguel Ángel Montuori (, ; 24 September 1932 – 4 June 1998) was an Italian Argentine football player, who played as a forward and as an attacking midfielder. He is regarded as one of Fiorentina's greatest players of all time, due to his technique, creativity, eye for goal, and playmaking ability. Despite his talent and success, he was also regarded as an "unfortunate" player, due to his many runner-up medals, and his injuries, which forced him to retire during the prime of his career.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Montuori was born in Rosario, Argentina. His mother was of Afro-Argentinian descent, while his father was an Italian of Neapolitan origin. He died in Florence in 1998, from an incurable illness.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Despite his Argentine origins, Montuori began his career with Universidad Católica in Santiago, Chile, in 1953, winning the Chilean Primera División in 1954, scoring 24 goals in 26 league appearances for the club. He subsequently moved to play with ACF Fiorentina in Italy in the summer of 1955, at the request of club president Enrico Befani, and was handed the number 10 shirt. He played at the club from 1955 to 1961, making 162 Serie A appearances, and scoring 72 goals. In the Coppa Italia he played 13 matches scoring 6 goals, and in the 1956–57 European Cup he played 7 games and scored 1 goal, helping the team to the final. He also played 2 matches in the Mitropa Cup with Fiorentina.

paragraph: With Fiorentina, Montuori was able to achieve great domestic and international success, as well as international recognition; upon his arrival at the club, he won the only Italian title of his career, during the 1955–56 season, and he followed this triumph with four consecutive second places. He was also able to win the 1960–61 European Cup Winners' Cup, and the 1960–61 Coppa Italia, also reaching the final of the Italian Cup three consecutive times between 1958 and 1960. He also won several minor international trophies with Fiorentina, such as the Grasshoppers Cup in 1957, the Coppa dell'Amicizia twice, in 1959 and 1960, as well as the Coppa delle Alpi in 1960. Montuori's playing career ended prematurely, at the age of 28, in the spring of 1961. During an away friendly match against Perugia, he was hit strongly in the face by the ball, which caused his retina to detach, and his vision to blur, leading him to retire from professional football.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Despite being born in Argentina, Montuori represented the Italy national football team, making his debut against France in 1956, and making his final appearance against Switzerland in 1960. He also became the first non-Italian born player to captain Italy, wearing the captain's armband in a friendly match against Spain, in Rome, on 28 February 1959. With Italy, he received 12 international caps and scored 2 goals.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Club.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Universidad Católica

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chilean Primera División: 1954

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fiorentina

paragraph: BULLET::::- Serie A: 1955–56

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coppa Italia: 1960–61

paragraph: BULLET::::- European Cup Winners' Cup: 1960–61

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coppa dell'Amicizia: 1958–59, 1959–60

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coppa delle Alpi: 1959–60

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Individual.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fiorentina Hall of Fame: 2016

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oriundo

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fiorentina profile

description: Argentine footballer

wikidata_label: Miguel Montuori

wikipedia_title: Miguel Montuori


text:
Latinized
Thessalonica
Theodore Komnenos Doukas
Maria Petraliphaina
Battle of Klokotnitsa
Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
Irene
Demetrios
Thessalonica
Manuel Komnenos Doukas
Vodena
Nicaean
Thessaly
John III Doukas Vatatzes
Nicaea
despotes
Asia Minor
Seljuk Turks
Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium

categories: 1244 deaths,Emperors of Thessalonica,Medieval rulers of Thessaly,Year of birth missing,Despots (court title),13th-century Byzantine people,Komnenodoukas dynasty

paragraph: John Komnenos Doukas

paragraph: John Komnenos Doukas (, "Iōannēs Komnēnos Doúkas"), Latinized as Comnenus Ducas, was ruler of Thessalonica from 1237 until his death in 1244.

paragraph: John was the eldest son of Theodore Komnenos Doukas and Maria Petraliphaina. In 1230 his father was captured together with his family in the Battle of Klokotnitsa by Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria. When his sister Irene married Ivan Asen II in 1237, John was released from captivity together with his now blind father Theodore and his younger brother Demetrios. Theodore and his sons made their way back to Thessalonica and incited a revolt against Theodore's brother Manuel Komnenos Doukas who had ruled the city since 1230. Since Theodore was blind, he installed his son John as ruler and retired to Vodena.

paragraph: In 1239, the deposed Manuel returned with Nicaean help and made himself master of Thessaly. Unable to dislodge him, Theodore and John came to terms with the loss of that province. In 1241 Ivan Asen II died, removing both his suzerainty and his protection from Thessalonica. Now, if not earlier, John began using the imperial title once used by his father. This and his exposed position attracted the attention of Emperor John III Doukas Vatatzes of Nicaea. The Nicaean emperor invited Theodore to a conference and had him arrested, and in 1242 led his army against Thessalonica. Upon reaching Thessalonica, he sent Theodore to negotiate with his son and obtain his submission. John was easily induced to content himself with the title of despotes and to recognize the suzerainty of Nicaea. Securing these concessions, John III Doukas Vatatzes rapidly returned to Asia Minor to combat the invading Seljuk Turks.

paragraph: John had exhibited little talent for governing and he is said to have desired to become a priest. He died in 1244 and was succeeded by his younger brother Demetrios.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium", Oxford University Press, 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- G. Finlay, "History of Greece", vol. iii. (1877)

description: Byzantine emperor

wikidata_label: John Komnenos Doukas

wikipedia_title: John Komnenos Doukas


text:
Chinese
mythological
emperor
ancient China
Sima Qian
Yellow Emperor
Shi clan
Shandong
Dongyi
Leizu
Bamboo Annals
Mi
Chu
Yue
Yíng
Qin
Cao
Wei
Five Emperors
Shaohao
Emperor Yan
calendar
astrology
religion
shamanism
patriarchal
marriage
Ku
Shiji
block
stump
Shun
Gun
Yu the Great
Yao
Qin dynasty
Shi Huangdi
Pole Star
Shang Shu
Shang Di
Yangshao culture
shaman
Longshan culture
social stratification
Samguk Sagi
kings of Goguryeo
Hanja
Hanja
Yellow Emperor
Gaoxin
Hanja
Yellow Emperor

categories: 26th-century BC rulers,Chinese mythology,25th-century BC rulers

paragraph: Zhuanxu

paragraph: Zhuanxu (Chinese:  ,  ,  "Zhuānxū"), also known as Gao Yang ( ,  ,  "Gāoyáng"), was a mythological emperor of ancient China.

paragraph: In the traditional account recorded by Sima Qian, Zhuanxu was a grandson of the Yellow Emperor who led the Shi clan in an eastward migration to present-day Shandong, where intermarriages with the Dongyi clan enlarged and augmented their tribal influences. At age twenty, he became their sovereign, going on to rule for seventy-eight years until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Zhuanxu was the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and his wife Leizu by way of his father Changyi. His mother was named Changtsu according to Sima Qian, Niuqu according to the "Bamboo Annals".

paragraph: Zhuanxu was subsequently claimed as an ancestor by many of the dynasties of Chinese history, including the Mi of Chu and Yue, the Yíng of Qin, and the Cao of Wei.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Zhuanxu was held by many sources to be one of the Five Emperors.

paragraph: According to Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian", upon the passing of the Yellow Emperor, Zhuanxu's uncle Shaohao never actually reigned as king, as in other reports. Rather, Gaoyang was chosen as the tribe's new leader, with the regnal name Zhuanxu, in preference to his father and all his uncles. Zhuanxu defeated Gonggong, a descendant of the Emperor Yan.

paragraph: However, the account in the "Bamboo Annals" states that Zhuanxu became an assistant to his uncle, Emperor Shaohao, at the age of ten, and became king in his own right at age 20.

paragraph: He made contributions to a unified calendar, astrology, religion reforms to oppose shamanism, upheld the patriarchal (as opposed to the previous matriarchal) system, and forbade close-kin marriage. The "Bamboo Annals" also credit him with composing one of the earliest pieces of music, known as "The Answer to the Clouds".

paragraph: Zhuanxu was succeeded by his cousin, Shaohao's grandson, Ku. According to "Shiji", Zhuanxu himself, or Zhuanxu's lineage, had an incompetent son (不才子) derided as Taowu (梼杌; literally: "block-stump; blockhead"). Two other descendants of Zhuanxu were also named: one is Zhuanxu's son Qiongchan, from whom descended Emperor Shun; the other is Gun, father of Yu the Great. Emperor Yao had also criticized Gun for being incompetent and ruinous. Qiongchan was an insignificant commoner though it does not mention how he fell from grace. Eight other of Zhuanxu's descendants, unnamed yet of good repute, later worked for Shun.

paragraph: Section::::Calendar.

paragraph: The "Bamboo Annals" record that in his 13th year of reign, Zhuanxu "invented calendric calculations and delineations of the heavenly bodies".

paragraph: Since Zhuanxu was claimed as a founder of the Qin dynasty, his name was taken for inauguration of the new calendar system by Shi Huangdi.

paragraph: Section::::Mythology.

paragraph: Zhuanxu is also mentioned as a god of the Pole Star

paragraph: Section::::Potential connection with Longshan culture?

paragraph: Zhuanxu is commonly associated with the extremely important myth of the separation of the Heaven from Earth. According to the Lu Xing chapter of Shang Shu:

paragraph: "We are told that the Miao ... created oppressive punishments which the people into disorder. Shang Di, the Lord on High ... surveyed the people and found them lacking in virtue. Out of pity for those who were innocent, the August Lord .. had the Miao exterminated. 'Then he charged Chong and Li to cut the communication between Heaven and Earth so that there would be no descending and ascending." After this had been done, order was restored and the people returned to virtue."

paragraph: Several Chinese mythologists interpreted this myth as a representation or symbolization of the increasing social stratification occurring. Before the 'separation of Earth and Heaven', in Yangshao culture, it was open to every household that had or could hire a shaman. However, during Longshan culture, shamans could only be hired by a few people, suggesting a monopoly of the ability to ascend to and descend from Heaven. In this sense, this myth marks the start of social stratification on China's rise to civilization.

paragraph: Section::::Episode.

paragraph: According to "Samguk Sagi", the kings of Goguryeo regarded themselves as a descendant of Chinese heroes because he called his surname "Go" (Hanja: 高) as they were the descendant of Gao Yang (Hanja: 高陽) who was a grandchild of the Yellow Emperor and Gaoxin (Hanja: 高辛) who was a great-grandchild of Yellow Emperor.

description: Emperor of China

wikidata_label: Zhuanxu

wikipedia_title: Zhuanxu


text:
British
Liberal
Royal Agricultural Society of England
Edward Portman
Bryanston
Orchard Portman
Dorset
Eton
Christ Church, Oxford
Dorsetshire
Marylebone
House of Lords
Lord Lieutenant of Somerset
Duchy of Cornwall
Duchy of Lancaster
Lord Warden of the Stannaries
Henry Berkeley Portman
Edwin Berkeley Portman
Sir William Portman
Lord Chief Justice of England
Lady Emma Lascelles
Henry Lascelles, 2nd Earl of Harewood

categories: Lord-Lieutenants of Somerset,People educated at Eton College,UK MPs 1820–1826,UK MPs 1832–1835,Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,1799 births,Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford,Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1826–1830,UK MPs 1830–1831,1888 deaths,Portman family,UK MPs 1831–1832

paragraph: Edward Portman, 1st Viscount Portman

paragraph: Edward Berkeley Portman, 1st Viscount Portman (9 July 1799 – 19 November 1888), was a British Liberal politician.

paragraph: He was an active supporter of the Royal Agricultural Society of England from its commencement in 1838, and served as president in 1846, 1856, and 1862. He was a considerable breeder of Devon cattle and of improved Alderney cows.

paragraph: Section::::Background and education.

paragraph: Portman was born on 9 July 1799 to Edward Portman, of Bryanston and Orchard Portman in Dorset , and his first wife Lucy, elder daughter of Reverend Thomas Whitby of Cresswell Hall, Staffordshire. Portman was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford. At Christ Church, he graduated with first-class honours, B.A. 1821, M.A. 1826.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: In 1823 Portman was elected to Parliament as a Liberal for Dorsetshire, a seat he held until 1832, and then represented the newly created constituency of Marylebone from 12 December 1832 to March 1833. On 27 January 1837 Portman was raised to the peerage as Baron Portman of Orchard Portman, and became an active member of the House of Lords. Lord Portman served as Lord Lieutenant of Somerset from 22 May 1839 to June 1864. He was also a councillor and commissioner of the Duchy of Cornwall (starting 19 August 1840), a councillor of Duchy of Lancaster (on 13 February 1847) and as Lord Warden of the Stannaries from 20 January 1865 till his death. On 28 March 1873 he was further honoured when he was created Viscount Portman of Bryanston. Lord Portman died on 19 November 1888, aged 89, in Bryanston and was succeeded in the barony and viscountcy by his eldest son Henry Berkeley Portman. Another son, Edwin Berkeley Portman, became Member of Parliament for North Devon.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: His father died in 1823. He was a descendant of Sir William Portman, Lord Chief Justice of England between 1555 and 1557. Lord Portman married Lady Emma Lascelles, third daughter of Henry Lascelles, 2nd Earl of Harewood, on 16 June 1827. They had six children, two daughters and four sons, William Henry Berkeley, Edwin Berkeley, barrister-at-law; Maurice Berkeley, a member of the Canadian parliament; Walter Berkeley, rector of Corton-Denham, Somerset. Emma died on 8 February 1865.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). "Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage" (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

alias:
Edward Berkeley Portman
Hon. Edward Berkeley Portman
Hon. E. B. Portman

description: British Liberal politician

wikidata_label: Edward Portman, 1st Viscount Portman

wikipedia_title: Edward Portman, 1st Viscount Portman


text:
Dutch
footballer
Central Coast Mariners
A-League
Indonesia
Moluccan
Eredivisie
FC Groningen
Ron Jans
Peru
Ruud Kaiser
FIFA U-17 World Cup
NEC Nijmegen
FC Groningen
FC Groningen
KNVB Cup
2014–15
Voetbal International profile

categories: 1988 births,Dutch expatriate footballers,FC Emmen players,Central Coast Mariners FC players,FC Groningen players,Netherlands youth international footballers,SC Cambuur players,Dutch people of Indonesian descent,Expatriate soccer players in Australia,People from Oldambt (municipality),Netherlands under-21 international footballers,Eerste Divisie players,Association football midfielders,Living people,Dutch footballers,Eredivisie players

paragraph: Tom Hiariej

paragraph: Tom Jan Hiariej (; born 25 July 1988) is a Dutch footballer who currently plays for Central Coast Mariners in the A-League.

paragraph: He is of Indonesian descent.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The son of a Moluccan father and a Dutch mother, he made his professional first team debut in 2007 with Eredivisie side FC Groningen under long-time head coach Ron Jans.

paragraph: Hiarej is also a Dutch youth international; he played a number of matches for several youth teams. He was also part of the Dutch U-17 team, who ended up third in the World Cup for Under 17 in Peru in 2005.

paragraph: Netherlands U-17 coach, Ruud Kaiser was very impressed by the young defender. Before the youth FIFA U-17 World Cup in Peru, Kaiser said this about Hiariej:

paragraph: In the match against NEC Nijmegen (23 January 2008), Hiariej scored his first top-flight goal for FC Groningen.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Club.

paragraph: FC Groningen

paragraph: BULLET::::- KNVB Cup (1): 2014–15

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Voetbal International profile

description: Dutch footballer

wikidata_label: Tom Hiariej

wikipedia_title: Tom Hiariej


text:
Polish Air Force
World War II
"School of Eaglets"
Dęblin
No. 303 Squadron
Arkady Fiedler's
Jan Zumbach
Mirosław Ferić
Witold Łokuciewski
Battle of Britain
English Channel

categories: Polish World War II pilots,1942 deaths,1916 births

paragraph: Jan Daszewski

paragraph: Jan Kazimierz Daszewski (5 April 1916 – 4 April 1942) was a fighter pilot in the Polish Air Force in World War II.

paragraph: Jan Daszewski was born on 5 April 1916 in Kiev. He trained at the "School of Eaglets" in Dęblin. In 1938 he was posted to 112 Fighter Escadrille and participated in the September 1939 campaign in Poland, claiming a Ju 87 destroyed. Via Romania he escaped to France and in May 1940 he was posted to ECD I/55 flying the Bloch MB 152, where he claimed a He 111 destroyed.

paragraph: On 2 August 1940 he was posted to No. 303 Squadron.

paragraph: His achievements are described in Arkady Fiedler's book "Dywizjon 303" (Squadron 303). With Jan Zumbach, Mirosław Ferić and Witold Łokuciewski Daszewski was part of the famous "four musketeers" of Polish pilots fighting in the Battle of Britain.On 7 September he was wounded in combat, suffering a severe thigh injury and returning to 303 on 27 December 1940.

paragraph: On 22 November 1941 he became a Flight commander in 303 Squadron. He was shot down and posted missing over the English Channel in April 1942.

paragraph: His wartime tally was 3 destroyed, 2 'probables' and 1 destroyed on the ground.

paragraph: He was awarded the Silver Cross of Virtuti Militari, Cross of Valour and three bars.

description: Polish fighter pilot

wikidata_label: Jan Daszewski

wikipedia_title: Jan Daszewski


text:
French
Namibia
Windhoek
Namibia
Southern Africa
San
Himba
American
Tippi Hedren
elephant
leopard
lion
giraffe
banded mongoose
ostrich
meerkat
cheetah
caracal
snake
giant bullfrog
chameleon
Madagascar
World Wide Fund for Nature
Jacques Perrin
Discovery Channel
documentary film
Official website
Le Monde Selon Tippi

categories: French expatriates in Namibia,1990 births,Living people

paragraph: Tippi Degré

paragraph: Tippi Benjamine Okanti Degré (born 4 June 1990) is a French woman best known for spending her youth in Namibia among wild animals and tribes people. In 2002–03, she was the presenter of "Around the World with Tippi", six wildlife and environmental TV documentaries.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Born in Windhoek, Namibia, in 1990 to wildlife photographer-filmmaker parents, Degré was raised in the bush for the first ten years of her life in Southern Africa. She has published books about her experiences with wild animals in the bush and with tribes people, the San Bushmen and the Himbas. She was named after the American actress Tippi Hedren.

paragraph: During her childhood in Namibia, Degré befriended animals she lived among including a 28-year old elephant Abu, a leopard nicknamed J&B, lions, giraffes, a banded mongoose, an ostrich, meerkats, a cheetah, a caracal, snakes, a giant bullfrog and chameleons.

paragraph: In 2000, Degré wrote the novel "Tippi - My Book of Africa", based on her life in Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Madagascar. In 2001, she was the Godmother of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) with the famous French actor, producer and director Jacques Perrin, in France. In 2002–03, Tippi presented six wildlife and environmental TV documentaries for the Discovery Channel.

paragraph: A documentary film on her experiences, "Le Monde Selon Tippi" ("The World According to Tippi") was released in 1997. "Around the World with Tippi" was released in 2004, directed by Jeanne Mascolo de Filippis.

paragraph: Degré studied cinema and audiovisuals in France. Active in conservation and in the documentary film industry, she is a speaker and is currently the director of "El Petit FICMA," the children's section of the FICMA International Environmental Film Festival (Barcelona).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Notes

paragraph: Further reading

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Le Monde Selon Tippi at the Internet Movie Database

description: French documentary maker

wikidata_label: Tippi Degré

wikipedia_title: Tippi Degré


text:
Cunobelinus
Catuvellauni
Iron Age Britain
Atrebates
Calleva Atrebatum
Silchester
hegemony
Catuvellauni
Roman-Britain.org
Catuvellauni
Romans in Britain

categories: Briton rulers,35 deaths,1st-century monarchs in Europe,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Epaticcus

paragraph: Epaticcus or Epaticcu (d. c. AD 35) was a brother of Cunobelinus, king of the Catuvellauni, a tribe of Iron Age Britain.

paragraph: Coins bearing his name begin to appear in the northern lands of the neighbouring Atrebates tribe and their capital, Calleva Atrebatum (Silchester), probably fell to him around AD 25. It is likely that Epaticcus was permitted to govern the area by his brother as part of the Catuvellaunian hegemony that was expanding across south eastern Britain at the time.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catuvellauni at Roman-Britain.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catuvellauni at Romans in Britain

description: King of the Catuvellauni

wikidata_label: Epaticcus

wikipedia_title: Epaticcus


text: Bagrationi dynasty

text: Georgia

text: poet

text: David the Builder

text: Rusudan

text: Kutaisi

text: Seljuks

text: Didgori

text: Shirvan

text: Ağdaş

text: Shah-Armen

text: Sökmen II

text: Shirvanshah

text: Afridun I

text: Shirvanshah

text: Shirvan

text: Manuchihr II

text: Rusudan

text: Sultan

text: Shah-Armen

text: Sökmen II

text: Ani

text: Fadl ibn Mahmud

text: vassal

text: Ganja

text: Arran

text: iron gate

text: Gelati Monastery

text: Kutaisi

text: Mkhitar Gosh

text: Vakhtang

text: Abuletisdze

text: Fakr al-Din Shaddad

text: Shaddadid

text: Saltuk

text: Saltukids

text: Erzerum

text: Saltuk II

text: dinar

text: David V

text: monk

text: Demna

text: Georgia

text: Gelati Monastery

text: saint

text: Orthodox Church

text: feast day

text: May 23

text: Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar

text: David V

text: Georgia

text: Rusudan

text: Masud Temirek

text: Ahmad Sanjar

text: Giorgi III

text: Georgia

text: Bagrationi

text: Shen Khar Venakhi

text: Virgin Mary

text: Family of David IV of Georgia

text: The Bagrationi Dynasty

text: synaxarion

categories: 12th-century Christian saints,1090s births,Kings of Georgia,1156 deaths,Hymnographers,Eastern Orthodox royal saints

paragraph: Demetrius I of Georgia

paragraph: Demetrius I () ( 1093 – 1156), from the Bagrationi dynasty, was King of Georgia from 1125 to 1156. He is also known as a poet.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Demetrius was the eldest son of King David the Builder by his first wife Rusudan. He was brought up in Kutaisi. As a commander, he took part in his father's battles against Seljuks, particularly at Didgori (1121) and Shirvan (1123). In 1117, he was sent by David at the head of a Georgian army into Shirvan, where Demetrius reduced the fortress of Kaladzor (later Alberd, now Ağdaş) and put to flight the men of Sukman, "commander of all the forces of Persia" — as a Georgian chronicler suggests. This Sukman was probably a Shah-Armen prince, and subsequently, ruler in his own right, Sökmen II, whom the Shirvanshah Afridun I must have applied for help. Demetrius succeeded on his father's death on January 24, 1125.

paragraph: As soon as, he ascended to the throne, the neighbouring Muslim rulers began attacking Georgia from all sides. The Seljuqid sultans fought to restore the rule of the Shirvanshahs. Shirvan's large Muslim population rose against Georgia. This probably happened in 1129 or 1130, when Demetrius restored the Shirvanshahs to power in Shirvan, installing on the throne Manuchihr II, the husband of his daughter Rusudan. Shirvanshahs had to provide the Georgian king with troops whenever the latter demanded it. In 1130 Georgia was attacked by the Sultan of Ahlat, Shah-Armen Sökmen II (1128-1183). This war was started by the passage of Ani into the hands of the Georgians; Demetrius I had to compromise and give up Ani to Fadl ibn Mahmud on terms of vassalage and inviolability of the Christian churches. In 1139, Demetrius raided the city of Ganja in Arran. He brought the iron gate of the defeated city to Georgia and donated it to Gelati Monastery at Kutaisi. Despite this brilliant victory, Demetrius could hold Ganja only for a few years. In reply to this, the sultan of Eldiguzids attacked Ganja several times, and in 1143 the town again jell to the sultan. According to Mkhitar Gosh, Demetrius ultimately gained possession of Ganja, but, when he gave his daughter in marriage to the sultan, he presented the latter with the town as dowry, and the sultain appointed his own emir to rule it.

paragraph: In 1130, Demetrius revealed a plot of nobles, probably involving the king's half-brother Vakhtang. The King arrested the conspirators and executed one of their leaders, Ioanne Abuletisdze, in 1138 (or 1145).

paragraph: Fadl's successor, Fakr al-Din Shaddad, a Shaddadid emir of Ani asked for Saltuk's daughter's hand, however Saltuk refused him. This caused a deep hatred in Shaddad towards Saltuk. In 1154 he planned a plot and formed a secret alliance with the Demetrius I. While a Georgian army waited in ambush, he offered tribute to Saltukids, ruler of Erzerum and asked the latter to accept him as a vassal. In 1153-1154 Emir Saltuk II marched on Ani, but Shaddad informed his suzerain, the King of Georgia, of this. Demetrius marched to Ani, defeated and captured the emir. At the request of neighbouring Muslim rulers and released him for a ransom of 100,000 dinars, paid by Saltuk's sons in law and Saltuk swore not to fight against the Georgians he returned home.

paragraph: In 1154 David V, Demetrius's elder son forced his father to abdicate and become a monk, receiving the monastic name Damian (Damianus). However, David died six months later and King Demetrius was restored to the throne. David was survived by his son Demna who was regarded by the aristocratic opposition as a lawful pretender.

paragraph: Although Demetrius was not as successful as his father David the Builder, Georgia remained a strong feudal power with a well-organized military and political system and a developed cultural and economical life.

paragraph: He died in 1156 and was buried at Gelati Monastery.

paragraph: He is regarded as a saint in the Orthodox Church and his feast day is celebrated on May 23 on the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: The name of Demetrius's wife is unknown, but he had several children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- David V, 7th king of Georgia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rusudan, married firstly with sultan Masud Temirek and secondly with Sultan Ahmad Sanjar

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giorgi III, 8th king of Georgia, who succeeded him

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bagrationi, who married prince of Kiev

paragraph: Section::::Poems.

paragraph: King Demetrius I was an author of several poems, mainly on religious themes. "Shen Khar Venakhi" (, ), a hymn to the Virgin Mary, is the most famous of them.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Family of David IV of Georgia

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Bagrationi Dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::- Listen to the hymn “Thou Art the Vineyard”

paragraph: BULLET::::- St Damiane (Demetrius) the King and Hymnographer Orthodox synaxarion

description: King of Georgia

wikidata_label: Demetrius I of Georgia

wikipedia_title: Demetrius I of Georgia


text:
East Berlin
German
Speed skater
1988 Olympics in Calgary
Eric Flaim
Photos of André Hoffmann
André Hoffmann at SpeedSkatingStats.com

categories: Olympic speed skaters of East Germany,Olympic gold medalists for East Germany,Speed skaters at the 1984 Winter Olympics,Speed skaters at the 1988 Winter Olympics,Sportspeople from Berlin,1961 births,Former world record holders in speed skating,People from East Berlin,Medalists at the 1988 Winter Olympics,German male speed skaters,Living people,Olympic medalists in speed skating

paragraph: André Hoffmann (speed skater)

paragraph: André Hoffmann (born 11 August 1961 in East Berlin) is a former German Speed skater who made a huge step forwards in the 1987–1988 season and won two 1500 metres races in the World Cup. It was even though highly surprising that he took gold medal in the 1500 m at the 1988 Olympics in Calgary. He beat the American Eric Flaim with six hundreds of a second and set a new world record with 1:52.06.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photos of André Hoffmann

paragraph: BULLET::::- André Hoffmann at SpeedSkatingStats.com

description: East German speed skater

wikidata_label: André Hoffmann

wikipedia_title: André Hoffmann (speed skater)


text:
Iran
Georgian
Kingdom of Kartli
Safavid Persian
Afghanistan
Eastern Orthodox Christian
Shia Islam
Kandahar
Roman Catholic Christianity
Vakhtang V
Islam
Shah
Solayman I
Christian
Giorgi
Catholic
Innocent XI
Ottoman
Battle of Vienna
Catholic King
Roman Pope
Kakheti
Ottoman
Erekle I
Abbas Qoli-Khan
beglarbeg
governor general
Ganja
Racha
Archil
crown of Imereti
Soltan Hosayn
Isfahan
beglarbeg
Kerman
Levan
Afghan
Kandahar province
sipah salar
Kartli
Vakhtang VI
Afghan tribes
Mirwais Khan Hotak
Ghilji
Pashtuns
Kokaron
Kandahar City
Younis Kakar
Mirwais Khan Hotak
cross
psalms
punitive expedition
Kay Khusrau
Davitishvili
Herat
David Kvenipniveli, Duke of Ksani
Duchy of Ksani
Giorgi Mikeladze
Kojori
Princess Rodam of Kartli
List of the Kings of Georgia
Iranian Georgians
History of Georgia
biography
Encyclopædia Iranica
Political history of Georgia 1658–1703
David Marshall Lang
The Royal Ark
გიორგი XI (In Georgian)
Afghanland – Mirwais Khan Hotaki

categories: 18th-century people of the Safavid Empire,17th-century people from Georgia (country),Former Georgian Orthodox Christians,Commanders-in-chief of the Safavid Empire,House of Mukhrani,Safavid appointed kings of Kartli,Safavid governors of Kerman,Iranian people of Georgian descent,1651 births,1709 deaths,Safavid governors of Qandahar,Roman Catholics from Georgia (country),17th-century people of the Safavid Empire,Converts to Roman Catholicism from Shia Islam,Kings of Kartli,Safavid governors of Kartli

paragraph: George XI of Kartli

paragraph: George XI (, "Giorgi XI"; 1651 – 21 April 1709), known as Gurgin Khan in Iran, was a Georgian monarch who ruled the Kingdom of Kartli as a Safavid Persian subject from 1676 to 1688 and again from 1703 to 1709. He is best known for his struggle against the Safavids which dominated his weakened kingdom and later as a Safavid commander-in-chief in what is now Afghanistan. Being an Eastern Orthodox Christian, he converted to Shia Islam prior to his appointment as governor of Kandahar. However, he then soon converted to Roman Catholic Christianity.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the son of Vakhtang V, whom he succeeded as a ruler of Kartli in 1676. As with many other Georgian rulers, he had to nominally accept Islam and take the name of Shahnawaz II before being able to be confirmed as a viceroy by Shah Solayman I. However, Georgians continued to consider him as their king under his Christian name Giorgi (or "George" in English).

paragraph: When nearly half-century-long peaceful relations between Kartli and its Persian suzerains significantly deteriorated. George attempted to centralise loose royal authority in Kartli and weaken the Persian influence. He patronised Catholic missioners and had correspondence with Innocent XI. After the Ottoman defeat in the Battle of Vienna George XI hoped to exploit that Empire's new weakness. In a letter to Innocent XI dated April 29, 1687 he vowed to be a Catholic King and declared his readiness and willingness and that of his troops to obey any order of the Roman Pope. According to Catholic missionaries George remained until his death a faithful Catholic.

paragraph: In 1688, George headed an abortive coup against a Persian governor of the neighboring Georgian region of Kakheti, and attempted, though vainly, to gain an Ottoman support against the Safavid overlordship. In response, Shah Solayman deposed George and gave his crown to the rival Kakhetian prince Erekle I, who then embraced Islam and took the name Nazar-Ali Khan. Abbas Qoli-Khan, the beglarbeg (governor general) of Ganja, was placed in charge of the government in Kakheti and commissioned to reinforce Erekle's positions in Kartli. George fled to Racha in western Georgia, whence he made several attempts to reclaim his possession. In 1696, he managed to stage a temporary comeback and helped his brother Archil to temporarily regain the crown of Imereti in western Georgia, but was eventually forced to withdraw from Kartli again. In 1694, following the death of Solayman, there was a change in the government in Georgia: Abbas-Quli Khan was accused by his rivals of supporting George XI. On the orders of the new shah Soltan Hosayn, he was promptly arrested by Erekle and sent to Isfahan under guard, while of his possessions were confiscated. Qalb-Ali Khan was appointed Abbas-Quli Khan's successor as Persian governor of Kakheti. However, the strife in Georgia as well as the Safavid empire in general forced Husayn to make peace with George who was summoned to Isfahan in 1696. The shah entrusted him with restoring order along the eastern frontiers of the empire and appointed him beglarbeg of Kerman in 1699. It was the beginning of an illustrious but, ultimately, tragic career in the service of the Safavids.

paragraph: George, aided by his brother Levan, by 1700 had reestablished the shah's sovereignty in Kerman. As a reward, George was restored to the throne of Kartli in 1703, but was not allowed to return to his country. Instead, he was soon assigned to suppress the Afghan rebellion in May 1704. He was granted the title of Gurgin Khan by the Shah and was appointed the viceroy of Kandahar province and "sipah salar" (commander-in-chief) of the Persian armies. While he was in the field, he entrusted the administration of his country of Kartli to a nephew, the future King Vakhtang VI. Gurgin managed to crush the revolts of Afghan tribes and ruled Kandahar with uncompromising severity. He subdued many of the local leaders and sent Mirwais Khan Hotak, a powerful chieftain of the Ghilji Afghans (Pashtuns), in chains to Isfahan. However, Mirwais Khan managed to gain the favour of the Shah and even to arouse his suspicion against the beglarbeg. Determined to bring about the overthrow of Gurgin, Mirwais Khan staged a carefully planned coup. On April 21, 1709, when the majority of the Georgian troops under Gurgin's nephew, Alexander, were away from Kandahar on a raid against the rebels, Mirwais invited Gurgin on a banquet at his country estate at Kokaron in Kandahar City and assassinated him. The assassinator was supposedly an Afghan warrior, Younis Kakar, one of a tribal chiefs of Mirwais Khan Hotak. Gurgin's small escort was also massacred and Mirwais seized power in Kandahar. He sent to Isfahan the cross and psalms, found at the murdered Georgian general, as the proof of the latter's covert defection.

paragraph: A punitive expedition into the Afghan lands led by George's nephew, Kay Khusrau, ended in October 1711 disastrously with his death and the destruction of nearly his entire force of 30,000.

paragraph: Section::::Family and children.

paragraph: George XI was married twice. He married first Tamar, daughter of Prince David Davitishvili in 1676. She died on 4 December 1683, having mothered two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Bagrat (died 1692/94), who was sent to the shah as a political hostage and died at Herat;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Mariam (died 1715), who married in 1687 David Kvenipniveli, Duke of Ksani Duchy of Ksani and had nine children.

paragraph: George XI married his second wife Khoreshan (died 24 February 1695), daughter of Prince Giorgi Mikeladze, at Kojori in 1687. She bore him a daughter.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Rodam of Kartli

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of the Kings of Georgia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iranian Georgians

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Georgia

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rudi Matthee's biography of Gorgin Khan in Encyclopædia Iranica

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martin Sicker, "The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire" (Hardcover) (2000), Praeger/Greenwood, , page 44

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cambridge History of Iran: Volume 6, the Timurid and Safavid Periods", edited by Peter Jackson, Stanley I Grossman, Laurence Lockhart: Reissue edition (1986), Cambridge University Press, , page 315

paragraph: BULLET::::- Willem Vogelsang, "The Afghans" (2001), Blackwell Publishing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Political history of Georgia 1658–1703, excerpt from David Marshall Lang, "The Last years of the Georgian Monarchy, 1658–1832"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kings of Kartli at The Royal Ark

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- გიორგი XI (In Georgian)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Afghanland – Mirwais Khan Hotaki

description: King of Kartli

wikidata_label: George XI of Kartli

wikipedia_title: George XI of Kartli


text: Warsaw

text: Polish

text: American

text: contemporary art

text: New York City

text: Installation

text: video projection

text: performance

text: drawing

text: lamentation

text: The Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw

text: Stefan Gierowski

text: Marian Czapla

text: The Academy of Fine Arts In Łódź

text: Spelman College

text: Georgia State University

text: The University of Maryland

text: Lehman College

text: World Financial Center

text: Drawing Center

text: Miami

text: North Dakota Museum of Art

text: Grand Forks

text: Real Art Ways

text: Hartford

text: Bonn

text: Carolee Schneemann

text: Mona Hatoum

text: Francis Alys

text: Stephen Vitiello

text: New York Foundation for the Arts

text: St. Louis

text: Washington University's

text: Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts

text: dramaturgical

text: syncopated

text: Lehman College

text: the Bronx

text: The New York Times

text: Potsdam

text: Germany

text: The Gazette (Montreal)

text: Ujazdowski Castle

text: Warsaw

text: Warsaw Uprising

text: Greek

text: Santiago, Chile

text: Artist’s website

categories: Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw alumni,1964 births,Artists from New York City,Postmodern artists,American people of Polish descent

paragraph: Monika Weiss

paragraph: Monika Weiss (born 1964, Warsaw) is a Polish-American contemporary artist based in New York City. She works primarily with Installation, video projection, performance, sound and drawing. Her transdisciplinary approach investigates relationships between body and history, and evokes ancient rituals of lamentation.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Weiss, the daughter of a concert pianist, studied piano and classical music from 1970-1984. She attended The Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw from 1984-1989, where she studied painting and drawing under Ryszard Winiarski, Stefan Gierowski and Marian Czapla. She was an Artist in Residence at The Academy of Fine Arts In Łódź (1994-1995), Spelman College in Atlanta (1996), the Georgia State University School of Art and Design (1997-1998), The University of Maryland (1999) and at The School of The Art Institute of Chicago (2002).

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Weiss's early works from the 1980s and early 90s consisted mostly of drawings and paintings of human figures. The drawings were made with ink mixed with paint and she often built collages on large sheets of paper from them. Later the artist's work expanded to include installations, video and sound projects.

paragraph: Her work has been exhibited in over twenty solo exhibitions and numerous group exhibitions internationally. In 2005, Lehman College Art Gallery organized and published a retrospective of the artist's work since 1999, "Monika Weiss: Five Rivers". In 2006, Weiss was commissioned to create "Drawing Lethe" at the World Financial Center, a large scale public project curated by the Drawing Center in New York. Her work has been featured at Cisneros Fontanals Art Foundation CIFO, Miami ("Forms of Classification: Alternative Knowledge and Contemporary Art", 2007; "The Prisoner’s Dilemma: Selections from the Ella Fontanals-Cisneros Collection", 2009), and she was part of Prague's Muzeum Montanelli (MuMo)’s inaugural show in 2010.

paragraph: Some other notable exhibitions include "Moment by Moment: Meditations of the Hand" at North Dakota Museum of Art, Grand Forks (2006); "On the Absence of Camps" at Kunsthaus Dresden (2006); "POZA: On the Polishness of Polish Contemporary Art" at Real Art Ways, Hartford (2008); and "Frauen bei Olympia" at Frauenmuseum, Bonn (2009). Weiss has exhibited alongside and collaborated with artists such as Carolee Schneemann, Mona Hatoum, Francis Alys, and Stephen Vitiello among others.

paragraph: Weiss has given lectures on her work at institutions around the world and her writings have appeared in numerous publications, including "New Realities: Being Syncretic" (Springer, Wien/New York) and "Technoetic Arts" (Intellect, London).

paragraph: In 2009 she received the New York Foundation for the Arts award in the interdisciplinary art category. She splits her time between New York and St. Louis, where she is an associate professor at Washington University's Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts and faculty affiliate in the Performing Arts Department.

paragraph: Section::::Characteristics.

paragraph: Section::::Characteristics.:Lamentation.

paragraph: A recurring motif in the artist’s work is the exploration of the ancient ritual of lament. Group mourning, she states, is more than a response to a specific grief; it can act as a political force. Historically a feminine expression, lamentation stands "in opposition to heroic, masculine fantasies of conquest and power." Through lamentation she draws attention to the complexities of history, incorporating "those who have been perennially absent: the victims and the defeated." According to art critic Adriana Valdes, lamentation is both an expression and a silence; it lacks articulation. Weiss's work focuses on this lack of articulation, "the moment when language collapses in face of the loss of the ability to signify."

paragraph: Section::::Characteristics.:Body.

paragraph: Weiss uses her body as an artistic tool, as a vehicle and a palette. Often she employs her body in repetitive and monotonous movements within specific limitations, such as submerging herself at long lengths in a concrete receptacle filled with water ("Ennoia") or by rolling around, tracing her silhouette on materials such as sheets of canvas ("Leukos") or a bed of books ("Phlegethon-Milczenie").

paragraph: Section::::Characteristics.:Performance.

paragraph: Her performances lack dramaturgical plot. They are noted for their syncopated rhythms, which serve to “both disrupt and, paradoxically, prolong time.” She “provides an alternative experience of space and time, which is not end-driven but steady and enduring.”

paragraph: Section::::Characteristics.:Drawing.

paragraph: Drawing has been described as the touchstone of her art. It often ties together the various aspects of her art, the technological with the corporeal, the communal with the solitary.

paragraph: Section::::Featured works.

paragraph: Section::::Featured works.:Ennoia.

paragraph: Enacted in 2002 at the Diapason Gallery in New York, the installation involved the artist immersing herself in a concrete basin full of water, emerging only periodically throughout the 6-hour duration of the performance. A camera suspended from the ceiling recorded the performance and the image of her submerged, curled up body was projected on a nearby wall, accompanied by sounds from below the surface of the water. As described by critic James D. Campbell, “The artist seemed to meld her own body to the contours of the water-filled sculpted basin in which it was submersed as though it were a secondary skin; a shell-like armature for her vulnerable body, providing protection. Like an embryo in vitro, the font was interpretable as exoskeleton containing a nourishing vat of amniotic fluid, replete with the waters of her life.”

paragraph: Section::::Featured works.:Leukos.

paragraph: “Leukos” was an outdoor performance installation created on the grounds of Lehman College in the Bronx. It was part of a series of works titled “Intervals,” in which drawings were made by the artist and other participants by tracing their bodies. Over the course of two days the artist and other contributors rolled around on large sheets of cotton, for several hours at a time, tracing their silhouettes with crayons, graphite, and pigments, while wind and rain darkened and blurred the drawings. The cotton canvas was then installed in the gallery with a video of the performance projected on the wall behind it, accompanied by a soundtrack of opera arias. "The New York Times" wrote of the piece: “Partly, the work helps make us look at and think differently about the body, as an inert object, and partly it is all about collapsing together artistic genres - sculpture, installation, performance and drawing - in a way so wayward as to almost obviate art altogether.”

paragraph: Section::::Featured works.:Phlegethon – Milczenie.

paragraph: For this installation in Potsdam, books - philosophical and literary publications from pre-war Germany – served as objects on which the artist crawled and drew, outlining her body while her eyes remained shut. In an adjacent room a continuous video was projected, based on the performance. In a review for "The Gazette (Montreal)", Henry Lehmann wrote, “Something that happens in Weiss's work, in what seems an objective manner, is that at some point the books quit being just books and become primarily art forms. They no longer ask to be read, but ask rather that we bear witness to their existence and perhaps see their yellowing pages as measures of time.”

paragraph: Section::::Featured works.:Sustenazo.

paragraph: First installed in the cellars of the Ujazdowski Castle in Warsaw, the multi-media installation was inspired by an event that took place at the castle shortly after the onset of the Warsaw Uprising. In August 1944, the occupying German army ordered an immediate evacuation of nearly two thousand hospital patients. Many of the seriously ill patients died shortly thereafter. Weiss used original documents related to the hospital's evacuation along with other images and sounds. In the video, voices in Polish are broken up, overlaid with voices in German. An eighty-year-old Polish woman, who was a young nurse at the hospital, tells the story of her experience in Polish while another woman's voice reads passages in German from . The title, "Sustenazo", is a Greek word, meaning “to sigh, to lament inaudibly together.” In her own words, “The act of ‘throwing out’ a hospital contradicts everything a hospital ought to be: a place where human lives are saved. Sustenazo evokes that event as a metaphor for war in general.”

paragraph: The artist does not perform in "Sustenazo" and has not performed in other recent works as to avoid autobiographical interpretations. She also stresses that it is not solely about Polish or European history either. She explains, “It is more broadly about the loss of lives inflicted by war and by other political and organized acts of violence and oppression. For me, war is not only devastating: it is unacceptable.”

paragraph: Beginning in December 2012 one of the three videos from the exhibition, "Sustenazo (Lament II)", is being exhibited at the Museum of Memory and Human Rights in Santiago, Chile in a solo exhibition that includes an installation from antique books, medical instruments and artist's drawings. An accompanying catalogue of essays and interviews, "Monika Weiss: Sustenazo (Lament II)", was published in conjunction with the show. The show will run through April, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artist’s website

description: Polish-American contemporary artist

wikidata_label: Monika Weiss

wikipedia_title: Monika Weiss


text:
spiritualist
medium
Longton, Staffordshire
World War II
Belgium
Britain
France
Spiritualists' National Union
Arthur Findlay College
parapsychologists
séance
ectoplasmic
muslin
hot reading
Bristol
book
psychic surgery
James Randi
condom
blood
pig

categories: 1918 births,English spiritual mediums,1993 deaths

paragraph: Gordon Higginson (medium)

paragraph: Gordon Mons Higginson (17 November 1918 – 18 January 1993) was a British spiritualist medium.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Longton, Staffordshire. As a child Higginson became a member of Longton Lyceum and attended Longton Spiritualist Church. He claimed to have had mediumistic abilities from an early age. He served in the armed forces in World War II. After the war he worked as a medium in Belgium, Britain and France. He was also the President of the Spiritualists' National Union (SNU) for 23 years and Principal of the Arthur Findlay College from 1979 to 1993.

paragraph: Higginson was accused of fraud throughout his career, even by spiritualists and members of the Spiritualists' National Union. In 1974 the parapsychologists Barrie Colvin and Frank Spedding attended a séance with Higginson and claimed that the ectoplasmic materialization figures were Higginson himself covered in cloth material. Frank Spedding wrote "the materialisations were crude fakes which should not have deceived anyone of normal intelligence". Before another séance Colvin searched the room and claimed to find muslin tightly wrapped underneath a seat.

paragraph: In 1978, Higginson was accused of hot reading. At a mediumship sitting in Bristol in February 1976 he gave out names and addresses to his audience. The accusation was that information about his sitters was available from library lists, books and other documents, and that Higginson had been alone in the church for an hour before the sitting with the information.

paragraph: Higginson's own comments about the allegations against him can be found in his book "On the Side of Angels: Authorised Life Story" compiled by Jean Bassett.

paragraph: Section::::Psychic surgery.

paragraph: Higginson was a proponent of psychic surgery. David and Helen Elizalde, who were self-proclaimed psychic surgeons who had come from Australia, were sponsored by Higginson to tour the UK. A video was taken at one of their sessions. Magician James Randi who examined the film dismissed the Elizalde's as frauds. He suggested that the trick consisted of a condom filled with pig's blood, and he replicated the phenomena himself by trickery.

paragraph: Higginson had a session at the headquarters of the Spiritualist's National Union with the Elizalde's. Unknown to Higginson, a member secretly took away a sample of a blood clot that they had pretended to remove. The blood was forensically analysed and found to belong to a pig. Higginson was shaken by the discovery of fraud, but continued to believe that psychic surgery was genuine. After the exposure, the Elizalde's tour was cancelled.

description: British spiritualist medium

wikidata_label: Gordon Higginson

wikipedia_title: Gordon Higginson (medium)


text: Austrian

text: American

text: diseuse

text: Kurt Weill

text: Academy Award

text: The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone

text: Rosa Klebb

text: James Bond

text: From Russia with Love

text: The Threepenny Opera

text: Weimar Republic

text: Brecht

text: National Socialism

text: The Seven Deadly Sins

text: Paul Green

text: Cheryl Crawford

text: Nichols, Connecticut

text: Pine Brook Country Club

text: Group Theatre

text: Johnny Johnson

text: Voice of America

text: musical

text: The Firebrand of Florence

text: Broadway

text: Barefoot in Athens

text: George Davis

text: Tony Award

text: Marc Blitzstein

text: off-Broadway

text: soprano

text: Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny

text: The Seven Deadly Sins

text: transposition

text: "Sprechstimme"

text: score

text: Kurt Weill Foundation for Music

text: Louis Armstrong

text: Mack the Knife

text: Vivien Leigh

text: Tennessee Williams

text: The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone

text: Best Supporting Actress

text: SPECTRE

text: Rosa Klebb

text: "From Russia with Love"

text: Sean Connery

text: Robert Shaw

text: Broadway

text: Cabaret

text: Kander and Ebb

text: American Theater Hall of Fame

text: working-class

text: Zürich

text: Schauspielhaus

text: Georg Kaiser

text: New City, New York

text: George Davis

text: cancer

text: Haverstraw, New York

text: Donovan

text: Laléna

text: Michael Kunze

text: LoveMusik

text: Donna Murphy

text: Fascinating Aïda

text: Gavin Friday

text: Shag Tobacco

text: Lotte Lenya Discography

text: FemBio: Lotte Lenya

text: Threepenny Opera Off-Broadway

categories: 20th-century American actresses,20th-century singers,Actresses of German descent,Tony Award winners,American film actresses,American people of German descent,Deaths from cancer in New York (state),1981 deaths,Austrian musical theatre actresses,Actresses from Vienna,20th-century American women singers,People from Haverstraw, New York,American Theater Hall of Fame inductees,20th-century Austrian actresses,Austrian film actresses,American musical theatre actresses,Austrian emigrants to the United States,Austrian people of German descent,People from Penzing (Vienna),1898 births,People with acquired American citizenship,Austrian female singers,American female singers,Emigrants from Nazi Germany

paragraph: Lotte Lenya

paragraph: Lotte Lenya (18 October 1898 – 27 November 1981) was an Austrian-born American singer, diseuse, and actress, long based in the United States. In the German-speaking and classical music world, she is best remembered for her performances of the songs of her husband, Kurt Weill. In English-language cinema, she was nominated for an Academy Award for her role as a jaded aristocrat in "The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone" (1961). She also played the murderous and sadistic Rosa Klebb in the James Bond movie "From Russia with Love" (1963).

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: In 1922, Lenya was seen by her future husband, German composer Kurt Weill, during an audition for his first stage score "Zaubernacht", but because of his position behind the piano, she did not see him. She was cast, but owing to her loyalty to her voice coach, she declined the role. She accepted the part of Jenny in the first performance of "The Threepenny Opera" ("Die Dreigroschenoper") in 1928, and the part became her breakthrough role. During the last years of the Weimar Republic, she was busy in film and theatre, and especially in Brecht-Weill plays. She made several recordings of Weill's songs.

paragraph: With the rise of National Socialism in Germany, left-leaning artists were not appreciated, and although not Jewish, she left the country, having become estranged from Weill. (They would later divorce and remarry.) In March 1933, she moved to Paris, where she sang the leading part in Brecht-Weill's "sung ballet", "The Seven Deadly Sins".

paragraph: Lenya and Weill settled in New York City on 10 September 1935. During the summer of 1936, Weill, Lenya, Paul Green, and Cheryl Crawford rented a house at 277 Trumbull Avenue in Nichols, Connecticut, about 2 miles from Pine Brook Country Club, the summer rehearsal headquarters of the Group Theatre. Here, Green and Weill wrote the screenplay and music for the controversial Broadway play "Johnny Johnson", which was titled after the most frequently occurring name on the American casualty list of World War I. During this period, Lenya had a love affair with playwright Paul Green.

paragraph: During World War II, Lenya did a number of stage performances, recordings, and radio performances, including for the Voice of America. After a badly received part in her husband's musical "The Firebrand of Florence" in 1945 in New York, she withdrew from the stage. After Weill's death in 1950, she was coaxed back to the stage. She appeared on Broadway in "Barefoot in Athens" and married editor George Davis.

paragraph: Section::::Late career.

paragraph: In 1956, she won a Tony Award for her role as Jenny in Marc Blitzstein's English version of "The Threepenny Opera", the only time an off-Broadway performance has been so honored. Lenya went on to record a number of songs from her time in Berlin, as well as songs from the American stage. Her voice had deepened with age. When she was to sing the soprano part in "Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny" and "The Seven Deadly Sins", the part needed transposition to substantially lower keys.

paragraph: "Sprechstimme" was used in some famous songs in the Brecht-Weill plays, but now Lenya used it even more to compensate for the shortcomings of her voice. Lenya was aware of this as a problem; in other contexts, she was very careful about fully respecting her late husband's score.

paragraph: She founded the Kurt Weill Foundation for Music, to administer incomes and issues regarding rights, and to spread knowledge about Weill's work. She was present in the studio when Louis Armstrong recorded Brecht-Weill's "Mack the Knife". Armstrong improvised the line "Look out for Miss Lotte Lenya!" and added her name to the list of Mack's female conquests in the song.

paragraph: Her role as Vivien Leigh's earthy friend Contessa Magda Terribili-Gonzales in the screen version of Tennessee Williams' "The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone" (1961) brought Lenya an Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actress. In 1963, she was cast as the SPECTRE agent Rosa Klebb in the James Bond movie "From Russia with Love" starring Sean Connery and Robert Shaw.

paragraph: In 1966, Lenya originated the role of "Fräulein" Schneider in the original Broadway cast of the musical "Cabaret". Kander and Ebb's score was considered by some to be inspired by Weill's music. In 1979, 2 years before her death, Lotte Lenya was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Lenya was born Karoline Wilhelmine Charlotte Blamauer to Catholic working-class parents in Vienna. She went to Zürich to study in 1914, taking her first job at the Schauspielhaus, using the stage name Lotte Lenja. She moved to Berlin to seek work in 1921.

paragraph: Lenya and Weill did not meet properly until 1924 through a mutual acquaintance, the writer Georg Kaiser. They married in 1926, and later divorced in 1933, only to reconcile in September 1935 after emigrating to the United States. They remarried in 1937. In 1941, the couple moved to a house of their own in New City, New York, roughly 50 km north of New York City. Their second marriage lasted until Weill's death in 1950.

paragraph: Lenya's second husband (1951–57) was American editor George Davis. After Davis' death in 1957, she married artist Russell Detwiler in 1962. He was 26 years her junior, but she was widowed for a third time when Detwiler died at the age of 44 in 1969.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Lenya died in Manhattan of cancer in 1981, aged 83. She is buried next to Weill at Mount Repose Cemetery in Haverstraw, New York.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In 1956, Louis Armstrong recorded the song "Mack the Knife", both as a solo number and as a duet with Lenya. Armstrong added Lenya's name into the lyrics, in place of one of the characters in the play.

paragraph: Donovan's 1968 song "Laléna" was inspired by Lenya.

paragraph: The Michael Kunze play, "Lenya", is about Brecht's favorite singer, Lotte Lenya.

paragraph: In 2007, the musical "LoveMusik", based on Lenya's relationship with Weill, opened on Broadway. Lenya was portrayed by Donna Murphy.

paragraph: She is mentioned in the Fascinating Aïda song "Lieder", which originally described her as German, but was corrected for later performances. She is referenced in the Gavin Friday song "Dolls" from his 1995 album "Shag Tobacco".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of German-speaking Academy Award winners and nominees

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lotte Lenya Discography The Kurt Weill Foundation for Music.

paragraph: BULLET::::- FemBio: Lotte Lenya

paragraph: BULLET::::- Threepenny Opera Off-Broadway

paragraph: BULLET::::- Register of papers of Kurt Weill and Lotte Lenya at Yale University Music Library

description: Austrian singer and actress

wikidata_label: Lotte Lenya

wikipedia_title: Lotte Lenya


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paragraph: Costea Bucioc

paragraph: Costea Bucioc or Coste Băcioc (also known as "Büczek"; ? – July or September 1620) was a Moldavian statesman, commander of the military forces, and father-in-law of Prince Lupu (Vasile) Coci. He began his political career in the 1580s, emerging in the late 1590s as an ally of the Movilești dynasty, with then-Prince Ieremia Movilă advancing him to the post of "Clucer". From 1601, he was Constantin Movilă's "Paharnic", receiving from him the estate of Deleni and other villages around Hârlău, which formed part of a Bucioc domain that also extended into Bukovina and Bessarabia. Together with the Movilești, he became one of the great landowners of his generation, and one of the first Moldavian boyars known to have owned serfs. Some of his assets went into refurbishing Râșca Monastery, of which he was patron, or "ktitor".

paragraph: As an army leader, Costea was involved in the Moldavian Magnate Wars, during which the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth fought to emancipate its Movilești clients from subservience to the Ottoman Empire. Although Buciuc followed the princely family into its Polish exile in 1611 or 1612, he criticized Constantin's repeated attempts to reconquer Moldavia. During the events that led to Constantin's defeat and drowning, he became a supporter of the Ottoman-appointed Radu Mihnea, emerging as great "Vornic" of the Lower Country. Bucioc maintained his standing under Prince Gaspar Graziani, despite a mutual hostility: reportedly, Graziani tried to poison his "Vornic", and arrested Coci. The two had reconciled by 1620, when Graziani involved Moldavia on the Polish side in a new war with the Ottomans, fought on Moldavian territory. While Coci spoke out against the project, Bucioc may have commanded the Moldavian troops and been present for the defeat at Țuțora. He was eventually captured by the enemy, possibly after attempting to hide in Braniște. He was finally a prisoner of Iskender Pasha, who had him impaled on charges of treason.

paragraph: As an Ottoman loyalist, Coci climbed through the ranks of boyardom, and finally became Prince, as "Vasile Lupu" in 1634. Bucioc's grandchildren were Ioan Coci, who was at the center of his father's project for a takeover in Wallachia, but died young in 1639. His father's regime survived to 1653, by which time Bucioc's other granddaughter, Ruxandra, had become wife and widow of Tymofiy Khmelnytsky, an "Otaman" of the Cossack Hetmanate. Another granddaughter, Maria, moved to Lithuania with her husband Janusz Radziwiłł. The Bucioc inheritance, including Deleni, finally went to collateral relatives, who formed a Moldavian branch of the Cantacuzino family. The "Vornic"s life was revisited in literature by V. A. Urechia, whose eponymous play was a major success in the 1860s and '70s.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:With and against the Movilești.

paragraph: Bucioc was born during a time when Moldavia and Wallachia, the Danubian Principalities, were submitted to the Ottomans as tributary states. He probably belonged to the boyar aristocracy by right, being the son of an Ion Băcioc, who may or may not have been a "Vornic", and brother of an Ilea Băcioc. His uncles included a Dumitrașco Mălai, father of the "Vistier" (treasurer) Simion Mălai. Costea's own career probably began in the 1580s: a 1585 writ by Prince Peter the Lame confirms Bucioc as an administrator (or "Pârcălab") of Hotin. The same document refers to Bucioc's earlier purchase, from Prince Iancu Sasul, of a village called Lunca Mare, with free use of its population as serfs or "vecini" (Church Slavonic: ); this is the first mention of such a category in Moldavia's history, and among the first in medieval Romanian history.

paragraph: On February 20, 1598, Prince Ieremia Movilă made Bucioc "Pârcălab" of Orhei, also giving him a seat on the Boyar Council. After the brief conquest of Moldavia by Michael the Brave and the presence of Marcu Cercel on the Moldavian throne (1600), Bucioc regained high offices under the returning Ieremia. On March 4, 1601, he was attested as a "Clucer", his tenure ending on August 30, 1603. Bucioc is not known to have held any office between that date and July 15, 1608, when another Movilești, the young monarch Constantin, appointed him great "Paharnic". He was again mentioned as holding that position on September 28 of the following year, and served to November 19, 1611.

paragraph: According to various reports of the period, Constantin granted his "Paharnic" an estate at Deleni, in Fălciu County. Various scholars believe that he was by then married to Irina Prăjescu, daughter of a tax farmer from Suceava. This connection would have made Bucioc a member by proxy of the extended Movilești clan. According to such readings, she was the mother of his two sons, Lupașcu and Ionașco. Costea's brother had wed Lupa Toader, daughter of "Vistier" Iosif Veveriță. Costea's niece Ileana went on to marry Dumitru Buhuș, also a "Vistier".

paragraph: Later, Costea is known to have been married to a Candachia Șoldan, daughter of the "Logothete" Pătrașcu Năbădaico Șoldan. From her family, Bucioc received as a gift the estate of Rușii, outside Deleni, which probably contained a deserted Ruthenian (or Ukrainian) village. He also inherited from Pătrașcu a number of vineyards outside Cotnari, and several vacated villages around Hârlău. The latter were in fact purchased from the Prince as a disguised form of financial assistance for the central authority, which was at the time beleaguered by Ottoman fiscal demands. As noted by the agricultural historian Radu Rosetti, the Bucioc family helped the Movilești exercise control over Moldavia's land fund through original accumulation, thus eliminating competition from other boyars. By 1620 Costea, a "consumer of estates", had 38 or 39 villages to his name. Some were in the eastern region later known as Bessarabia (presently, Moldova), including parts of Hîncești that he later sold, as well as Vădeni.

paragraph: Prince Constantin's Polonophilia was viewed with alarm by his own liege, the Sultan Ahmed I, who put up Ștefan Tomșa as a replacement. The Movilești, led by a dowager princess Elisabeta Movilă, decided to resist the Ottoman Army. Alongside Nestor Ureche, Bucioc led a delegation of boyars to the Polish king, Sigismund III Vasa, asking for military support. The plan failed, and the Movilești, initially barricaded in Hotin Fortress, entered Poland at Kamieniec. Tomșa declined Bucioc's services, and under his subsequent rule he appears as "former great "Paharnic"". During that interval, Bucioc was a "ktitor" of Râșca Monastery, which had been devastated in 1574 by Crimean Tatars. His restoration of the building included the addition of a porch or peristyle which art historians describe as "unusually large" or "distasteful".

paragraph: From exile, the Movilești still made attempts to recover Moldavia, but their expedition of July 1612 ended in defeat at Cornul lui Sas. Constantin was captured by Tomșa's allies from the Budzhak Horde, and accidentally drowned while in its custody. At some point in 1611 or 1612, Bucioc joined the Movilești in Uście (Ustya). While here, he purchased Bobulești, in Dorohoi county, from Princess Ana, a descendant of Alexandru Lăpușneanu. This period cemented Bucioc's alliance with Ureche, together with whom he instigated riots against Radu Mihnea. However, by 1616 both had become dissidents, refusing to return to Moldavia with his new liege, Alexandru Movilă—reportedly, Ureche argued that doing so would have been certain death. After some early successes, which included making Alexandru Prince of Moldavia and obtaining more support from exiled Wallachians under Radu Șerban, the Movilești and their Polish backers were defeated at Drăcșani by a coalition of Ottomans and Ottoman vassals, under Iskender Pasha. Alexandru was forcefully converted to Islam, while Elisabeta became an Ottoman sex slave. According to historian Gavril Luca, Bucioc was actually in Tomșa's camp during the Drăcșani debacle, leading into battle a 2,000-strong regiment of Tatar mercenaries.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:As "Vornic".

paragraph: Bucioc had switched his loyalties toward Radu Mihnea, the Ottoman-appointed Prince, and was thus able to return to Moldavia. On August 15, 1616, Bucioc was appointed great "Vornic" of the Lower Country. He maintained this office to October 13, but was reinstated on May 12, 1617, though he was probably moved to the Upper Country (or Bukovina). His Deleni estate was briefly confiscated by princely command. Radu Mihnea eventually reinstated Bucioc as owner, with a writ in which he apologized for having believed the testimonies of "mendacious men". According to historian Daniel Botezatu, the document may show that Radu Mihnea intended to warn his subordinate about what would happen should he switch sides again.

paragraph: Through the Șoldans, Bucioc was ultimately related to the Cantacuzino family, which rose to prominence later that century. Iordaki, son of Andronikos Kantakouzenos, was his brother-in-law, having married another one of Pătrașcu Năbădaico's daughters, Catrina (some authors describe Catrina as Costea's own daughter). Simion Mălai also became brothers-in-law with his cousin by marrying a third Șoldan sister, Alexandra. The three brothers-in-law shared a deed for the ownership of Trifăuți, on Bessarabia's border with Podolia. According to historian N. Stoicescu, Bucioc remarried later in life, to a daughter of "Hetman" Orăș, whose name is unrecorded. However, records from 1626 show that Candachia was still alive, and describe her as his wife.

paragraph: By 1620, Bucioc's children also included two daughters. Tudosca, who may have been Irina Prăjescu's daughter, married Radu Mihnea's "Postelnic", Lupu Coci; the other daughter, name unknown, married another "Vornic", Gheorghe Moțoc. According to researcher Constantin Gane, Bucioc "must have understood what [Coci] was made of", selecting as his son-in-law someone "dashing, daring, courageous and ambitious, above all else ambitious." Tudosca's dowry included the village of Șerbești, which became a residence of the Coci family, the villages of Fărcășeni and Avrămești, which Lupu later donated to his Trei Ierarhi Monastery, and a townhouse at Iași.

paragraph: In February 1619, Radu Mihnea presented his resignation to the Sultan. Bucioc's tenure was not interrupted by the enthronement of a new Prince, Gaspar Graziani (February 4, 1619); he served to July 20, 1620. Nevertheless, an account popularized later in the 17th century by Miron Costin claims that Graziani attempted to poison Bucioc, as well as imprisoning his son-in-law Coci. As Costin reports, Bucioc was saved because he carried with him an antidote. In April 1620, the two statesmen were on good terms, with Graziani awarding Bucioc another Bessarabian estate, at Mărculești.

paragraph: That year, Graziani realigned Moldavia with the Commonwealth, and the subsequent war with the Ottomans was fought mostly on Moldavian territory. According to one reading, Graziani assigned command of the Moldavian army to Bucioc, who, in September 1620, fought alongside the Poles, and lost, a decisive battle at Țuțora. Following this, Bucioc and his supporters withdrew into Poland, but were captured by the Tatars, and delivered to Iskender Pasha. Another version is that he never had a military role to play in the conflict, and as early as July went into hiding at Braniște, hoping that his godson, the Bessarabian boyar Toader Brănișteriul, would protect him. He was betrayed and taken in chains to the Ottoman encampment. The Ottoman Empire deemed him a traitor, alleging his participation in the massacre of expatriate Turks, which Graziani had seen through. Iskender ordered Bucioc's impalement or, as Costin puts it, "immediately had him pierced through, this poor man Bucioc, who was always such a good adviser to Prince Gaspar". His biographers provide various dates for the execution: some argue that it occurred on July 20, others propose late September.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:The Coci ascendancy.

paragraph: After taking over Graziani's throne, Alexandru Iliaș confiscated some of the Bucioc family assets, donating his plot in Cotnari to Saint Sava Monastery of Berzunți; in 1622, Tomșa was again Prince, and as such restored ownership of Vădeni to the Buciocs. Both of Bucioc's sons were was still active in the early 1630s, when, with Moise Movilă emerging as Prince, Lupașcu served terms as "Vornic". His brother-in-law Coci had been opposed to Graziani's anti-Ottoman policies, and therefore enjoyed a steady rise through the boyar ranks under Alexandru Iliaș, then under new reigns by Tomșa and Radu Mihnea. Himself a great "Vornic" of the Lower Country in 1630, he became a kingmaker, led a pro-Ottoman revolt against Miron Barnovschi. He was eventually appointed Prince in 1634, taking a new name, "Vasile Lupu". From Tudosca, who was his first wife, Lupu had three children: a son, Ioan, and two daughters, Maria and Ruxandra. Some scholars believe that Tudosca may have had a third daughter, whose precise name and career are disputed. Another contentious issue is the claim that Ioan and Maria were not Tudora's children, but in fact born to a Lady Basilissa (or Vasilisa). Scholars such as Gavril Luca and Ștefan S. Gorovei dismiss this as a legend.

paragraph: By 1638, although frail and viewed as an infirm, Ioan Coci was groomed to take over as Prince of Wallachia. This plan was curbed by Wallachia's Matei Basarab, who became bitter rivals with Prince Vasile. Both Ioan and his mother were dead by 1640. As argued by Gane, Prince Vasile then married his anonymous daughter to Giovanni Antonio Grillo, who was "Dragoman" for the Republic of Venice (and a relative of Angelo Grillo). The father- and son-in-law were enemies by 1648, when Grillo was sent to a Moldavian prison; he and his wife probably left the country together. According to Luca, this account relies on an error by, or mistranslation from, Paul of Aleppo. The narrative, he argues, refers to Ruxandra's early life, and the marriage it describes was in fact an engagement.

paragraph: In 1652, Ruxandra was married off to Tymofiy Khmelnytsky of the Cossack Hetmanate. Khmelnytsky's support was crucial in Moldavia's subsequent clash with Wallachia, but defeat in that conflict resulted in his death and in Lupu's dethronement. She opted to live in Cossack Podolia, at Rashkiv (Rașcov) and Yampil. She married a second time, to Andriy Antonovsky, a member of the Hetmanate's "starshyna"—when he died, Ruxandra came under the watch of her former brother-in-law, Yurii Khmelnytsky, who reportedly treated her as his hostage. In 1658, her half-brother, Ștefăniță Lupu, who had managed to obtain the Moldavian throne, besieged Rashkiv, hoping to kidnap Ruxandra.

paragraph: In 1644, after a lengthy dispute between Vasile and his boyars, Maria Coci had become the wife of Janusz Radziwiłł, the Grand Hetman of Lithuania. She was noted as the patron of the Orthodox church in Kėdainiai. Maria died a childless widow in Slutsk, having for long been engaged in a patrimonial dispute with her tutor, Bogusław Radziwiłł. Following her death, the dispute was taken up by Ruxandra and Ștefăniță. The latter also died, in 1662, while Ruxandra survived for 25 more years, the last of which were spent in Moldavia, either at Deleni or at Preutești. She was killed there in 1687, during another Polish invasion of Moldavia, by Cossacks who failed to recognize her, or were only interested in her wealth.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Other echoes.

paragraph: Before its demise in 1653, the Lupu regime had promoted Coste's grandson, Coste (or Costache) Moțoc, who began his career as "Pârcălab" of Hotin. Buhuș was another of Lupu's trusted boyars, as was his son (and Costea's grandnephew), generally known by the maternal surname, as Miron Băcioc. Miron's sister, Anastasia Buhuș, married George Ducas and became the Princess-consort in 1665. Through his mother Catinca Șoldan, the "Spatharios" Iordache Toderașco Cantacuzino was another close ally of the Coci family, viewing himself as Ruxandra's cousin and Costea's nephew. One branch of the Cantacuzinos was named after the estate of Deleni, which they had inherited from the Buciocs and the Cocis. Also as a result of their connection to Costea, the Deleanus owned Rușii and half of Horodnici, in Bukovina, as well as, possibly, parts of Năvîrneț. The Mălai family inherited the former village of Pișcani, in Iași County, which in February 1657 they sold to the Moțocs, whom they still viewed as their kin, through Costea.

paragraph: Bucioc's life and its retelling by Costin have also left traces in modern Romanian literature. In 1867, Bucioc's story was revisited by V. A. Urechia, who rewrote it as a drama, or melodrama, eponymously called "Vornicul Bucioc". In this retelling, Graziani is the "evil genius of tragedy rather than drama", secretly in love with Bucioc's virtuous wife, referred to as "Irina". His penchant for corruption allows two of Bucioc's boyar rivals, Șeptilici and Goia, to maneuver against the "Vornic", and ultimately to frame him; his arrest sparks a popular revolt, prompting Graziani to release him, but then to also try and poison him. When this fails, Șeptilici and Goia attempt to murder Bucioc during an archery contest, but only manage to kill Irina. The climax of the play is provided by the Ottoman invasion, which surprises both the Prince and the "Vornic", who are then taken to their deaths. In the final scene, "Bucioc heads for the stake to protect his prince, sacrificing a revenge at hand to save his motherland".

paragraph: Urechia's version was first produced for the National Theater Bucharest by Ștefan Vellescu, who also starred in it, and was remembered as one of Vellescu's "greatest hits". Feminist writer Constanța Dunca Schaiu immediately saluted it as a "manifestation against pessimism" which allowed Romania to consider herself "an oriental France". She viewed Irina as a prototype of the "great woman", realistic in that she loves her husband more than her country, and in that she "needs her servants for encouragement." Ten years late, in 1877, "Ghimpele" newspaper argued that the play had made Urechia "one of [Romania's] greatest writers." The enthusiasm declined sharply in later decades. As noted by critic Ioan Massoff, "Vornicul Bucioc" stirred up "something like a popular movement" on its premiere, but, by 1900, "none of [Urechia's] plays was even being produced".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sergiu Bacalov, "Boierimea Țării Moldovei la mijlocul secolului al XVII-lea–începutul secolului al XVIII-lea. Studiu istorico-genealogic". Chișinău: Academy of Sciences of Moldova, 2012.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daniel Botezatu, "Ocolul târgului Hârlău. Geneză și evoluție", in "Ioan Neculce. Buletinul Muzeului de Istorie a Moldovei", Vol. I, 1995, pp. 21–32.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Horia Dumitrescu, "Un putnean pe tronul Moldovei: Ștefan Tomșa al II-lea (1611–1614, 1621–1623)", in "Cronica Vrancei", Vol. XI, 2011, pp. 36–51.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constantin Gane, "Trecute vieți de doamne și domnițe. Vol. I". Bucharest: Luceafărul S. A., [1932].

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ștefan S. Gorovei, "Movileștii. Izvoare și interpretări", in Victor Spinei, Laurențiu Rădvan, Arcadie M. Bodale (eds.), "Retrospecții medievale. In honorem Professoris emeriti Ioan Caproșu", pp. 253–273. Iași: Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Press, 2014.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolae Iorga, "Guide historique de la Roumanie. Partie descriptive". Paris & Bucharest: Librairie J. Gamber & Librairie Pavel Suru, 1928.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gavril Luca, "Povestea Domniței Ruxandra. Istorie și legendă", in "Memoria Antiquitatis", Vol. XVII, 2011, pp. 51–78.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Radu Rosetti, "Pământul, sătenii și stăpânii în Moldova. Tomul I: Dela origini pănă la 1834". Bucharest: Atelierele Grafice Socec & Co, Scietate Anonimă, 1907.

paragraph: BULLET::::- N. Stoicescu, "Dicționar al marilor dregători din Țara Românească și Moldova. Sec. XIV–XVII". Bucharest: Editura enciclopedică, 1971.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lilia Zabolotnaia, "Enigmele, miturile și realităţile testamentului Mariei Radziwiłł", in "Tyragetia", Vol. IX, Issue 2, 2015, pp. 9–28.

description: politician

wikidata_label: Costea Bucioc

wikipedia_title: Costea Bucioc


text:
Giuliano de' Medici
Pope Clement VII
Antonio Gorini
Pazzi conspiracy
Ritratto di giovane donna
Sandro Botticelli
Palazzo Pitti
Simonetta Vespucci
Clarice Orsini
Alfonsina Orsini
Lucrezia Tornabuoni
Dama col mazzolino
Andrea del Verrocchio
Museo Nazionale del Bargello

paragraph: Fioretta Gorini

paragraph: Fioretta Gorini was the mistress of Giuliano de' Medici and the mother of Giulio de' Medici, the future Pope Clement VII. Gorini was the daughter of professor Antonio Gorini. Her actual name was Antonia or Antonietta, while Fioretta was a nickname given to her.

paragraph: On May 26, 1478, after the assassination of Giuliano in the Pazzi conspiracy, Fioretta gave birth to his illegitimate son Giulio.

paragraph: The female figure of Fioretta is represented in "Ritratto di giovane donna" (1475), of Sandro Botticelli, which is preserved in Palazzo Pitti, although it will represent Simonetta Vespucci, Clarice Orsini, Alfonsina Orsini or Lucrezia Tornabuoni. The woman sculpted on "Dama col mazzolino" (1475), of Andrea del Verrocchio, which is preserved in Museo Nazionale del Bargello, could be Fioretta Gorini.

wikidata_label: Fioretta Gorini; del Cittadino

wikipedia_title: Fioretta Gorini