text: Canadian American

text: ice hockey

text: goaltender

text: Buffalo Sabres

text: 1995 NHL Entry Draft

text: National Hockey League

text: Philadelphia Flyers

text: New York Islanders

text: New York Rangers

text: MSG Western New York

text: minor ice hockey

text: Charlesbourg, Quebec City

text: junior ice hockey

text: Beauport Harfangs

text: Quebec Major Junior Hockey League

text: Buffalo Sabres

text: Pittsburgh Penguins

text: goals against average

text: 2000–01 season

text: Rob Ray

text: Dominik Hašek

text: Wayne Gretzky

text: John Davidson

text: 2004–05 NHL lockout

text: HarborCenter

text: Ryan Miller

text: Philadelphia Flyers

text: 2007–08 season

text: Pittsburgh Penguins

text: 2008–09 season

text: Ray Emery

text: Brian Boucher

text: New York Islanders

text: Dwayne Roloson

text: Rick DiPietro

text: New York Rangers

text: Henrik Lundqvist

text: Mike Donnelly

text: Jason Dawe

text: Pat LaFontaine

text: 2010–11 season

text: save percentage

text: one-way contract

text: Hartford Wolf Pack

text: American Hockey League

text: Sabres Hockey Network

text: MSG Western New York

text: TSN

text: James Duthie

text: Aaron Ward

text: Bob McKenzie

text: NHL Network

text: New York Islanders

text: HarborCenter

text: Andrew Peters

text: Craig Rivet

text: Rochester Americans

text: Mathieu

text: QMJHL

text: AHL

text: Harry "Hap" Holmes Memorial Award

text: Tom Draper

text: Aldege "Baz" Bastien Memorial Award

text: Robert W. Clarke Trophy

text: Rochester Americans

text: Notable families in the NHL

text: List of Buffalo Sabres broadcasters

text: Profile at Hockey Goalies

categories: Buffalo Sabres players,National Hockey League first round draft picks,French Quebecers,Beauport Harfangs players,Philadelphia Flyers players,Buffalo Sabres draft picks,Bridgeport Sound Tigers players,New York Islanders players,Hull Olympiques players,Ice hockey people from Quebec,Buffalo Sabres broadcasters,Canadian ice hockey goaltenders,1977 births,Memorial Cup winners,New York Rangers players,South Carolina Stingrays players,Living people,Rochester Americans players

paragraph: Martin Biron

paragraph: Martin Gaston Biron (; born August 15, 1977) is a Canadian American former professional ice hockey goaltender.

paragraph: Drafted by the Buffalo Sabres in the first round (16th overall) of the 1995 NHL Entry Draft, he spent the first half of his 16-year National Hockey League (NHL) career with the Sabres, later having stints with the Philadelphia Flyers, New York Islanders and New York Rangers. He is currently a television analyst with the Sabres on MSG Western New York.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: As a youth, Biron played in the 1991 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Charlesbourg, Quebec City.

paragraph: Biron started his junior ice hockey career on the Beauport Harfangs of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). He made his NHL debut with the Buffalo Sabres on December 26, 1995. An emergency call-up with the Sabres' top three goaltenders all injured, Biron became the fourth-youngest goaltender to start a game in NHL history, surrendering four first-period goals in a 6–3 loss to the Pittsburgh Penguins. After posting a 5.04 goals against average (GAA) with no wins and two losses during his fill-in stint, he was sent back to the QMJHL to develop further. After the 2000–01 season, he was a consistent goaltender for the Sabres as his play in the crease improved drastically.

paragraph: Biron, along with Rob Ray and Dominik Hašek, was one of the three Sabres against whom, in three consecutive years, the NHL made a specific rule. After NHL statisticians discovered a bug in their new stat-tracking software, the "Biron rule" restricted jersey numbers to whole numbers between 1 and 99 (later limited to numbers between 1 and 98 after the league-wide retirement of number 99 for Wayne Gretzky). Biron was the only NHL player affected, as only he wore "00" at the time. (Goaltender John Davidson also wore 00 during his playing career, without rebuke, at various points between 1973 and 1983.) Upon his return to the NHL three seasons later, Biron switched to number 43, and wore that number until the end of his career.

paragraph: Biron became the Sabres' starting goaltender after Hašek's departure from Buffalo in 2001 and held the position until the 2004–05 NHL lockout. Biron has always been a fan favorite in Buffalo and although he no longer plays there, he currently resides in the city and after his retirement has a position as director of goaltending at HarborCenter, which is owned and operated by the Sabres organization.

paragraph: After losing the number one goaltending job to emerging youngster Ryan Miller, Biron requested a trade from the Sabres on June 26, 2006, in an effort to receive more playing time. Finally, on February 27, 2007, the Sabres traded Biron to the Philadelphia Flyers for a second-round draft pick.

paragraph: On March 27, 2007, Biron signed a two-year, $7 million contract extension with the Flyers to be the starting goaltender in Philadelphia. After appearing in 62 games and recording 30 wins in the 2007–08 season, he led the Flyers to the Eastern Conference Finals, losing in five games to the Eastern Conference champion Pittsburgh Penguins. He appeared in 55 games for the Flyers in the 2008–09 season, winning 29 and helping the Flyers to the fifth-overall seed in the Eastern Conference.

paragraph: On July 1, 2009, Biron entered free agency. He was soon left in a difficult position after the Flyers signed goaltenders Ray Emery and Brian Boucher, while other teams quickly filled up their goaltending roster needs. Biron soon signed a one-year, $1.4 million contract with the New York Islanders on July 22, 2009, joining goaltenders Dwayne Roloson and Rick DiPietro. In 29 appearances, Biron recorded nine wins, 14 losses and four overtime losses, with a 3.27 goals against average and .896 save percentage. The Islanders did not qualify for the post-season.

paragraph: On July 1, 2010, Biron signed a two-year, $1.75 million deal with the New York Rangers, where he prepared to back-up Swedish starter Henrik Lundqvist. Biron is one of four players in NHL history to skate for all three teams based in the state of New York. The others were Mike Donnelly and former teammates Jason Dawe and Pat LaFontaine. Biron played almost his entire career in the state of New York, except for a 2-year stint with the Philadelphia Flyers.

paragraph: On February 28, 2011, Biron fractured his collarbone during practice and was forced to miss the remainder of the 2010–11 season. While he played in the lowest number of games (17) since his second NHL season in 1998–99, he posted career highs in save percentage (.923) and goals against average (2.13).

paragraph: On June 29, 2012 Biron re-signed with the Rangers in a one-way contract worth $2.6 million over two years, working out to an average of $1.3 million per year.

paragraph: On October 14, 2013, the Rangers placed Biron on waivers after a poor start to the season, and the following day, he was assigned to play with the Hartford Wolf Pack of the American Hockey League (AHL). Biron announced his retirement via social media on October 20, 2013, choosing retirement over playing in the minor leagues. He ended his career with a 230–191–25–27 record, 2.62 goals against average and a .910 save percentage.

paragraph: Section::::Post-playing career.

paragraph: He currently works as a studio analyst with the Sabres and the Sabres Hockey Network on MSG Western New York. Previously he was an analyst on the TSN panel along with James Duthie, Aaron Ward and Bob McKenzie, worked on NHL Network and did studio work for the New York Islanders. He is also the director of goaltending at the Academy of Hockey at the Buffalo HarborCenter. Biron also stars on the popular Buffalo sports podcast, "The Instigators", with former teammates Andrew Peters and Craig Rivet

paragraph: On February 21, 2017, Biron received United States citizenship. He sought U.S. citizenship because he had married an American citizen and has resided with her and their four children in Buffalo for several years; but as he was not a U.S. citizen, he could not vote in American elections, and because he did not reside in Canada he could not vote in his native country.

paragraph: Biron was inducted into the Rochester Americans Hall of Fame on February 16, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: His younger brother Mathieu played 250 games in the NHL as a defenceman.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- QMJHL All-Rookie Team (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canadian Major Junior First All-Star Team (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canadian Major Junior Goaltender of the Year (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- AHL First All-Star Team (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harry "Hap" Holmes Memorial Award (fewest goals against - AHL) (1999) (shared with Tom Draper)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aldege "Baz" Bastien Memorial Award (Outstanding Goaltender - AHL) (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert W. Clarke Trophy with the Rochester Americans (1999)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notable families in the NHL

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Buffalo Sabres broadcasters

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Hockey Goalies

description: Canadian ice hockey goaltender

wikidata_label: Martin Biron

wikipedia_title: Martin Biron


text:
American
ice hockey
forward
National Hockey League
Waterloo Black Hawks
United States Hockey League
Ferris State University
University of North Dakota
free agent
Los Angeles Kings
1999
New York Islanders
Los Angeles Kings
2005–06 season
following season
Toronto Maple Leafs
Rick DiPietro
Mark Parrish
Team USA
Winter Olympics
Turin
Italy
Peter Laviolette
Chicago Blackhawks
Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum
2006–07 NHL season
2007 NHL All-Star Game
Newsday
chronic myelogenous leukemia
Bill Masterton Trophy
2009–10
Anaheim Ducks
Vesa Toskala
Jean-Sébastien Giguère

categories: Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy winners,HC Lugano players,New York Islanders players,Los Angeles Kings players,National Hockey League All-Stars,1973 births,Toronto Maple Leafs players,Undrafted National Hockey League players,Long Beach Ice Dogs (IHL) players,People from Moorhead, Minnesota,Olympic ice hockey players of the United States,Orlando Solar Bears (IHL) players,North Dakota Fighting Hawks men's ice hockey players,Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics,American ice hockey left wingers,Living people,Lowell Lock Monsters players,Ferris State Bulldogs men's ice hockey players,People with cancer,Anaheim Ducks players,Ice hockey people from Minnesota

paragraph: Jason Blake (ice hockey)

paragraph: Jason Wayne Blake (born September 2, 1973) is an American former professional ice hockey forward who played in the National Hockey League (NHL).

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: He played for the Waterloo Black Hawks of the United States Hockey League (USHL). Collegiately, he played one year at Ferris State University before transferring the University of North Dakota, and starred on their 1996-1997 National Championship team.

paragraph: Blake was signed as a free agent by the Los Angeles Kings in 1999. In January 2001, he was acquired by the New York Islanders in a trade with the Los Angeles Kings, who received a conditional pick in 2002. Blake set career highs in goals and points during the 2005–06 season with 28 and 57, respectively. The following season he topped both totals, scoring 40 goals and 69 points. The 40th goal was scored against the Toronto Maple Leafs on April 5, 2007.

paragraph: Along with Islanders teammates Rick DiPietro and Mark Parrish, Blake was part of Team USA at the Winter Olympics held in Turin Italy in February 2006. Team USA was led by Peter Laviolette, his former coach with the Islanders.

paragraph: Blake scored his 100th career NHL goal against the Chicago Blackhawks at the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum on October 31, 2006. The milestone 100th goal came on the power play late in the 3rd period.

paragraph: Blake was named an all-star for the first time in his career during the 2006–07 NHL season. He recorded 2 assists in the 2007 NHL All-Star Game.

paragraph: At the end of the 2006–07 season Blake became an unrestricted free agent. He was quoted in "Newsday" in February 2007 saying he would probably test the free agent market if not re-signed by the Islanders prior to the NHL trading deadline. Blake was neither traded nor re-signed before the deadline and on July 1, 2007, Blake signed with the Toronto Maple Leafs to a 5-year contract worth US $20 million.

paragraph: On October 8, 2007, Blake announced that he had been diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia, a rare, but highly treatable form of cancer. He continued to play for the Maple Leafs for the rest of the season.

paragraph: In Blake's first season with Toronto he played in all 82 regular season games. He scored 15 goals and added 37 assists for a total of 52 points. While he managed a considerable number of points, he struggled to score goals all season, having over 300 shots on goal, easily a career high, but only 15 goals. He was awarded the Bill Masterton Trophy at the end of the season for perseverance and dedication to hockey through the difficult times he faced after being diagnosed with cancer.

paragraph: In the 2009–10 season, Blake was traded to the Anaheim Ducks along with Vesa Toskala for Jean-Sébastien Giguère on January 31, 2010.

description: American ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Jason Blake

wikipedia_title: Jason Blake (ice hockey)


text:
Kampehl
Brandenburg
Kampehl
German
knight
mummification
droit du seigneur
Dreetz
Rudolf Virchow
Ferdinand Sauerbruch
Charité
radioactivity
cancer
muscular dystrophy
tuberculosis
Incorruptibility
mummified
City of Kampehl

categories: 1702 deaths,German untitled nobility,1651 births,People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg

paragraph: Christian Friedrich von Kahlbutz

paragraph: Christian Friedrich von Kahlbutz (1651 in Kampehl, Brandenburg – 1702 in Kampehl) was a German knight, who is today most famous because of the state of preservation of his body; no noticeable mummification process was used upon his death. Today the preserved corpse is a tourist attraction.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: According to local legend, "Knight Kalebuz," as he was known, frequently exercised the right of droit du seigneur. He had eleven children of his own and at least thirty other illegitimate children. While exercising this "right" in July 1690, he chose the bride of a shepherd from Bückwitz. She refused him and because of the laws governing the right of first night, he murdered the shepherd. Although there were no witnesses, the shepherd's bride, Maria Leppin, accused Kahlbutz of the murder and took him to court in Dreetz (Brandenburg). As an aristocrat he had special rights and could swear an oath of innocence before the court in order to free himself. Kahlbutz did this and was immediately acquitted.

paragraph: Kahlbutz died at the age of 52 and was laid to rest in a double coffin in the family tomb. In 1783 the last of the "von Kahlbutz" line died. While the church of Kampehl was being renovated in 1794 the coffins in the church were going to be buried in the cemetery like all the other coffins. When the coffins were opened it was discovered that all of the corpses except that of the Knight Kahlbutz had decayed.

paragraph: Section::::Legend.

paragraph: The local populace quickly found an explanation for the Mummy of the Knight of Kahlbutz. They said that it was God's punishment for the murder of the shepherd. It had been said that Kahlbutz had sworn before the court, ""It was not I, otherwise after my death my body will not decay"".

paragraph: Section::::Natural mummification.

paragraph: Several tests have been done on the mummy of the knight to figure out why a body that apparently was not embalmed has not undergone the natural decay process. In the 1890s, Rudolf Virchow and Ferdinand Sauerbruch tested the mummy as did Charité, the largest university hospital in Europe, but all without success. It remains a mystery as to why Kahlbutz's corpse has not decayed, but there are a few other similar cases where the natural decay process has not affected the individual.

paragraph: The natural decay process of a corpse can be stopped or retarded under certain circumstances, in which the corpse becomes leathery. Air conditions surrounding the body as well as the condition of the ground in which it is buried are most often contributing factors. Absolute dryness, local radioactivity, or other ground factors such as acidity or salts. Also hermetically sealed coffins without steadily moving air can contribute. Likewise, a small ingestion of poisonous medicines, i.e. very small quantities innocuous to an individual, during one's lifetime can aid in the mummification process after death. These kinds of substances are not readily detectable long after death though since the fat and water in the corpse changes and evaporates over time.

paragraph: Today it is accepted that Kahlbutz suffered from some kind of illness, which caused an emaciation of his body. Possible diseases that he suffered from are cancer, muscular dystrophy, and tuberculosis. There is evidence that he did in fact suffer from the latter. According to several sources, Kahlbutz suffocated on his own blood, which suggests that shortly before his death he lost a great deal of blood. After his death he was buried in an oak double coffin. Bodily decay may have been prevented by the fact that prior to being hermetically sealed in the coffin, he had lost a great deal of blood, in combination with the lack of soil containing decay-accelerating materials.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Incorruptibility, a property of the bodies of certain saints which, though not mummified, have not decayed

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A.C. Aufderheide: "The geography of mummies". – In: A.C. Aufderheide (ed.): "The Scientific Study of Mummies". Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003. p.: 170.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- City of Kampehl

paragraph: "This article is based on a translation of an article from the ".

description: German noble

wikidata_label: Christian Friedrich von Kahlbutz

wikipedia_title: Christian Friedrich von Kahlbutz


text:
Blessed
First Holy Communicants
Bologna
Holy Eucharist
Dominican
vigil
Ascension
Light of the Host
Sacristan
beatified
Pope Leo XII

categories: Italian beatified people,1322 births,1333 deaths,Italian children,Italian Roman Catholics,Roman Catholic child blesseds,People from Bologna

paragraph: Imelda Lambertini

paragraph: Blessed Imelda Lambertini (1322 – May 12, 1333) is the patroness of First Holy Communicants.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Lambertini was born in 1322 in Bologna, the only child of Count Egano Lambertini and Castora Galuzzi. Her parents were devout Catholics and were known for their charity and generosity to the underprivileged of Bologna. On her fifth birthday, she requested to receive Holy Eucharist; however the custom at the time was that children did not receive their First Holy Communion until age 14.

paragraph: At age nine, she went to live with the Dominican nuns at Val di pietra, near Bologna.

paragraph: On May 12, 1333, the day of the vigil of the Ascension, she knelt in prayer and the "Light of the Host" was witnessed above her head by the Sacristan, who then fetched the Priest so he could see. After seeing this miracle, the priest felt compelled to admit her to receiving the Eucharist. Immediately after receiving it, Lambertini went back to her seat, and decided to stay after mass and pray. Later when her holy sister came to get Lambertini for supper, she found Lambertini still kneeling with a smile on her face. Her sister called her name, but she did not stir, so she lightly tapped Imelda on the shoulder, at which Imelda collapsed to the floor dead. Imelda Lambertini died of pure joy and love. Her remains are kept in Bologna at the Church of San Sigismondo, beneath the wax effigy of her likeness.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification.

paragraph: Lambertini was beatified by Pope Leo XII in 1826.

description: Patroness of First Holy Communicants.

wikidata_label: Imelda Lambertini

wikipedia_title: Imelda Lambertini


text: mass murderer

text: Gippsland

text: Victoria, Australia

text: Gippsland massacres

text: indigenous

text: Victorian Federal electorate McMillan

text: Glen Brittle

text: Isle of Skye

text: Lachlan Macalister

text: pastoral

text: Monaro, New South Wales

text: Delegate

text: Gippsland

text: Victoria

text: Benambra

text: Omeo

text: Polish

text: Count Paul Strzelecki

text: Charles La Trobe

text: Kurnai

text: Buchan

text: Nicholson

text: Mitchell

text: Avon

text: Macalister

text: Port Albert

text: Great Alpine Road

text: Tambo Valley

text: Bruthen

text: Bairnsdale

text: Sale

text: Princes Highway

text: Gippsland Lakes

text: squatter

text: Warrigal Creek

text: Legislative Assembly

text: South Gippsland

text: Victoria

text: Division of McMillan

text: Old Gippstown

text: Moe, Victoria

categories: 1810 births,Australian explorers,Gippsland,Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly,1865 deaths,People from Skye

paragraph: Angus McMillan

paragraph: Angus McMillan (14 August 1810 – 18 May 1865) was a mass murderer, explorer and pioneer pastoralist in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. Arriving in Australia in 1838, he rose swiftly in colonial society. In retribution for the murder of a fellow pastoralist and for the killing of livestock, he led many of the Gippsland massacres of 1840-1850, which killed or drove away the region's indigenous population. The Victorian Federal electorate McMillan was named after him, the division was renamed Division of Monash in 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Angus McMillan was born in Glen Brittle, Isle of Skye, Scotland, the fourth son of Ewan McMillan. After an early life of hardship and deprivation he migrated to Australia in 1838. Under the initial employ of Captain Lachlan Macalister he gained experience of Australian pastoralism on the Monaro, New South Wales before moving to manage the Currawang station near Delegate.

paragraph: Section::::Exploration.

paragraph: By the late 1830s, wealthy landholders in New South Wales had become interested in the Gippsland region of Victoria and funded exploration of the region. Macalister knew the early settlers in the high country of Gippsland around Benambra and Omeo as they too were from the Monaro. He put forward McMillan as a candidate to further explore the plains of Gippsland proper nearer to the coast. A second interest sent Polish scientist-explorer, Count Paul Strzelecki to also explore Gippsland.

paragraph: Section::::Exploration.:Expedition to Omeo.

paragraph: On 28 May 1839 McMillan travelled south on his first exploration of the Gippsland plains, accompanied by Jimmy Gabber, an elder of the Monaro people. The expedition was unsuccessful; in a letter to colonial administrator Charles La Trobe, McMillan reported that six days after leaving Currawong, Gabber declined to go further for fear of encountering the Kurnai people, Gippsland's indigenous inhabitants. McMillan refused to turn back, whereupon Gabber waited for a quiet moment and attempted to kill McMillan with a club. Gabber retreated when McMillan raised his pistol, but still refused to go on.

paragraph: McMillan therefore continued alone, heading west towards Buchan and Omeo. No significant agricultural lands or watercourses were discovered along McMillan's path, and neither did he encounter the region's indigenous inhabitants. After two weeks in Omeo McMillan returned northeast across the plains to Currawong.

paragraph: Section::::Exploration.:Expedition to Sale.

paragraph: Despite the apparent failure of this first expedition, Macalister remained optimistic about pastoral opportunities in Gippsland. At Macalister's urging McMillan commenced a second expedition in December 1839, moving southwest by west across the plains towards the existing settlement of Sale. On his return to Currawang in early 1840, he reported to Macalister that he crossed several watercourses draining toward the east, each surrounded by fine potential grazing land. McMillan had named them as the Nicholson, the Mitchell, the Avon and Macalister rivers. He had also promptly contacted colonial officials, to register claims along the Avon River for cattle stations in his own and Macalister's names.

paragraph: Section::::Exploration.:Subsequent expeditions.

paragraph: McMillan completed several more expeditions over the following two years. While he was not necessarily the first to visit many locations, his explorations were the most important in terms of European settlement of Gippsland proper. In 1841, on the final of his early expeditions he located a suitable port for the region, at present day Port Albert.

paragraph: The route established then by McMillan varies substantially from the current major north-south route through Gippsland today. McMillan travelled further west along the ranges than the current Great Alpine Road. This route follows the Great Alpine Road south through the Tambo Valley to Bruthen, then West to Bairnsdale and Sale along the Princes Highway, then south from Sale to Port Albert.

paragraph: For several decades Gippsland operated essentially on this north-south axis, following this route from Benambra and Omeo to Port Albert, but in the 1860s a road was opened from Melbourne to the east, and this was followed a couple of decades later by a rail line. These developments, along with development of significant east-west shipping on the Gippsland Lakes at the time, reoriented travel and transport to the simpler east-west axis, and demoted the Benambra and Omeo regions to a side branch of this main route.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: His explorations at an end, McMillan established himself as an independent squatter on land along the Avon River which he named "Bushy Park." Development was slow, with an 1845 census of the region showing only six acres under cultivation and livestock comprising 600 head of cattle and six horses. McMillan persisted, and by the 1856 census he was recorded as the owner of 150,000 acres, upon which he ran the region's second-largest holding of sheep and third-largest of cattle. In the same year, "Bushy Park" itself was recorded as an eight-room home attached to a four-room cottage, adjacent to a stable, wool store, barn, a worker's hut and a six-acre orchard.

paragraph: Increasing European settlement in Gippsland dispossessed the indigenous Kurnai people, who were progressively forced off their land to make way for pastoral activities. Relations between Europeans and the Kurnai reached their nadir in 1843 when McMillan's colleague Macalister was killed by an Aborigine. Historian Paul Bartrop states that McMillan retaliated by organising an armed assault on the Kurnai, including the massacre of between 60 and 150 indigenous Australians at Warrigal Creek.

paragraph: Notoriously, McMillan kept a hessian bag of human skulls for some time after the event.

paragraph: In 1857 McMillan married a local woman, Christina MacDougald. They had two sons. From October 1859 to November 1860 he was a member of the Legislative Assembly for South Gippsland, less than a decade after Victoria was first declared a separate colony. His properties had generated substantial wealth, but by 1861 a series of poor financial decisions coupled with devastating bushfires, had left him in debt. The bulk of his Gippsland properties were sold and by the end of the year his only holding was the land immediately surrounding his Bushy Park home.

paragraph: In need of money, in 1864 McMillan acceded to a request from the Victorian Government to lead a team of men into Gippsland's alpine region with the aim of mapping and clearing tracks to support local mining operations. Within six months McMillan and his men had constructed more than of track through rugged terrain near Omeo and Dargo. It was to be McMillan's last expedition; in May 1865 he was clearing a track near Dargo when a pack-horse slipped and fell, crushing him beneath it. McMillan was carried to the public house in Iguana Creek, suffering serious internal injuries. He died on 18 May and was buried in the public cemetery in Sale.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: McMillan's death left his wife and sons destitute, until a public outcry at their plight forced the Victorian Government to come to their aid with a gratuity of £2000. His feats as an explorer were the subject of public testimonials.

paragraph: In 1948 the Federal Division of McMillan was proclaimed in his honour, covering western Gippsland. The first elections in the new electorate were held in 1949. McMillan's Bushy Park homestead was also preserved, and was relocated to Old Gippstown in Moe, Victoria in 1969. Submissions were made to the A.E.C. Redistributions of Victoria in 2002 and 2010 to have the name removed from the Federal Electorate. In March 2016, Russell Broadbent, the Sitting Member for McMillan, agreed with Greens and Labor Candidates (for McMillan) that the electorate should be renamed at the next electoral re-distribution, due to Angus McMillan's well-documented massacres of local Aboriginal people in the area.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bride, T.F. (Ed) (1899) "Letters from Victorian pioneers." Melbourne.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Morgan, P. (1997) "The Settling of Gippsland: A Regional History." Traralgon: Gippsland Municipalities Association.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steps in Time – A Gippsland Time Line to 1899

description: Australian explorer and politician

wikidata_label: Angus McMillan

wikipedia_title: Angus McMillan


text: AC

text: OBE

text: modernist

text: photography

text: Sydney

text: Sydney

text: Culburra Beach

text: National Gallery of Australia

text: Canberra

text: Sunbaker

text: album of photographs

text: World War II

text: Royal Australian Air Force

text: Darwin

text: Papua New Guinea

text: camouflage

text: University of New South Wales

text: CSR Limited

text: Harry Seidler

text: State Library of New South Wales

text: World War II

text: Olive Cotton

text: 1982 New Year Honours

text: PXA 2155 PXE 1679

text: PXD 965/1-20

text: PXD 720

text: PXD 1013

text: PXA 1951

text: Max Dupain exhibition photography site

categories: 1992 deaths,People educated at Sydney Grammar School,Australian photographers,Companions of the Order of Australia,1911 births,Architectural photographers,Australian Officers of the Order of the British Empire

paragraph: Max Dupain

paragraph: Maxwell Spencer Dupain AC OBE (22 April 191127 July 1992) was an Australian modernist photographer.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Dupain received his first camera as a gift in 1924, spurring his interest in photography. He later joined the Photographic Society of NSW, where he was taught by Justin Newlan; after completing his tertiary studies, he worked for Cecil Bostock in Sydney.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Early years.

paragraph: By 1934 Max Dupain had struck out on his own and opened a studio in Bond Street, Sydney. In 1937, while on the south coast of New South Wales, he photographed the head and shoulders of an English friend, Harold Salvage, lying on the sand at Culburra Beach. But it was not until the 1970s that the photograph began to receive wide recognition. A print of the photograph was purchased in 1976 by the National Gallery of Australia in Canberra and by the 1990s it had cemented its place as an iconic image of Australia. An early vintage print of the original version of the Sunbaker is contained an album of photographs donated to the State Library of New South Wales by Dupain's friend, the architect Chris Vandyke.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Later years.

paragraph: During World War II Dupain served with the Royal Australian Air Force in both Darwin and Papua New Guinea helping to create camouflage.

paragraph: The war affected Dupain and his photography, by creating in him a greater awareness of truth in documentary. In 1947, these feelings were reinforced when he read a book "Grierson on Documentary" which defined the need for photography without pretence. The catchcry was "the creative treatment of actuality". Dupain was keen to restart the studio with this new perspective and abandon what he called the "cosmetic lie of fashion photography or advertising illustration". Refusing to return to the "cosmetic lie" of advertising, Dupain said:

paragraph: ""Modern photography must do more than entertain, it must incite thought and by its clear statements of actuality, cultivate a sympathetic understanding of men and women and the life they live and create.""

paragraph: Dupain's documentary work of this period is exemplified in his photograph "Meat Queue". He used a more naturalistic style of photography, "capturing a moment of everyday interaction [rather than] attempting any social comment".

paragraph: Dupain also worked extensively for the University of New South Wales and CSR Limited and made many trips to the interior and coast of northern Australia. However, apart from his war service he rarely left Australia, the first time not until 1978, when he was 67, and even then it was to photograph the new Australian Embassy in Paris, designed by his longtime friend and associate Harry Seidler. He wrote, "I find that my whole life, if it is going to be of any consequence in photography, has to be devoted to that place where I have been born, reared and worked, thought, philosophised and made pictures to the best of my ability. And that's all I need".

paragraph: In the 1950s the advent of the new consumerism meant that there was plenty of promotional photography for advertising and he attracted clients from magazines, advertising agencies and industrial firms. In between this he devoted time to pursue his love of architecture, and began architectural photography, which he continued most of his life.

paragraph: The State Library of New South Wales holds the most significant archive of Max Dupain's work. In June 2016 it was announced that the State Library now holds the entire photographic collection of Max Dupain (1911–1992). This now adds the Max Dupain Exhibition Archive of 28,000 negatives including the Sunbaker and Bondi, 1939, as well as lesser-known photographs such as his fantastic record of Penrith in Sydney’s west in 1948. These images join existing collections of Dupain’s commercial and architectural photography, studio portraits, and his record of the Ballet Russes.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1939, after the outbreak of World War II, Dupain married Olive Cotton (also a photographer) but they divorced soon after. A decade later, Dupain married Diana Illingworth and subsequently they had a daughter Danina and a son Rex, who also became a photographer.

paragraph: Dupain was given an OBE in the 1982 New Year Honours list.

paragraph: Dupain continued working until his death in 1992.

paragraph: Section::::Max Dupain Archival Collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Max Dupain and Associates records and negative archive, taken before 30 July 1998, approximately 155,000 Negatives, including transparencies in 973 boxes, held by the State Library of New South Wales PXA 2155 PXE 1679

paragraph: BULLET::::- Max Dupain Exhibition Negative Archive of film and glass plate negatives, 29024 negatives, 2150 photographic prints, and some textual material, ca 1920-1992, held by the State Library of New South Wales 1037031

paragraph: BULLET::::- Max Dupain archive of photographs and photo negatives (Series 2), State Library of New South Wales 414306

paragraph: BULLET::::- Max Dupain, collection of photographs of Sydney and Manly, ca. 1938-1949, 1970 and 1988, State Library of New South Wales PXD 965/1-20

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collection of photographs from the studio of Max Dupain and Associates, 1947-1968, State Library of New South Wales PXD 720

paragraph: BULLET::::- Architectural photographs by Max Dupain, 1939-1988, State Library of New South Wales PXD 1013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Camping trips on Culburra Beach, N.S.W., 1937, State Library of New South Wales PXA 1951

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: For a full list, see :

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Max Dupain’s Australian Landscapes", Mead and Beckett, Australia, 1988.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fine Houses of Sydney", Irving Robert; Kinstler John; Dupain Max, Methuen, Sydney, 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Max Dupain Photographs" published by Ure Smith, Sydney, 1948.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sunbaker" page at National Gallery of Australia site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Max Dupain exhibition photography site

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Library of Australia, Canberra (Max Dupain's Life & Career 1929-1992)

alias:
Maxwell Spencer Dupain
Maxwell Dupain

description: Australian photographer

wikidata_label: Max Dupain

wikipedia_title: Max Dupain


text:
Norwegian
Prins Thomas
Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas
Spellemannsprisen
Where You Go I Go Too
DJ mix
Late Night Tales
Azuli Records
Where You Go I Go Too
It's Alright Between Us as It Is
Prins Thomas
Prins Thomas
Real Life Is No Cool
Christabelle
It's a Feedelity Affair
Torgunn Flaten
Prins Thomas
Forever
Haim
Todd Terje
Say Lou Lou
Grace Hall
Ronika
St. Lucia (musician)
Tosca
The Juan Maclean
Magnet
LCD Soundsystem
Freeform Five
Annie
Anneli Drecker
Telex
Roxy Music
Franz Ferdinand
Sally Shapiro
Paper Bag Records
Sally Shapiro
Paper Bag Records
Doves
Glasser
Bear In Heaven
Best Coast
Grizzly Bear
Charli XCX
Foals
MS MR
Mark Ronson
Anni-Frid Lyngstad
Norrlands Guld Ljus Alkoholfri
Blossoms (band)
Lindstrøm
Lindstrøm & Feedelity Recordings
Lindstrøm at Smalltown Supersound
SF-EP-026 - Interview Series: Lindstrøm

categories: People from Stavanger,Norwegian electronic musicians,Norwegian record producers,Living people,1973 births,Spellemannprisen winners

paragraph: Hans-Peter Lindstrøm

paragraph: Hans-Peter Lindstrøm (born 16 February 1973) is a Norwegian producer who works under the name Lindstrøm. He established the music label Feedelity in 2002. He often collaborates with fellow producer Prins Thomas (together constituting the musical group Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas). Lindstrøm won a Spellemannsprisen in 2008 for "Where You Go I Go Too". He released a DJ mix album for the Late Night Tales compilation series on Azuli Records on 9 July 2007.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in the outskirts of Stavanger, Norway on 16 February 1973, Hans-Peter Lindstrøm is a multi-instrumentalist, DJ and producer who goes by the name of "Lindstrøm".

paragraph: Lindstrøm releases all of his music on his own record label, "Feedelity".

paragraph: Lindstrøm has over the years produced and released a number of EPs, albums and remixes. He often collaborates with other artists, such as collaborations with fellow producer Prins Thomas and singer Christabelle. Lindstrøm also works on remixes, having remixed artists including LCD Soundsystem, Roxy Music, Franz Ferdinand, Glasser and Best Coast. As a solo artist Lindstrøm has released four albums: "It's a Feedelity Affair" in 2006, "Where You Go I Go Too" in 2008, "Six Cups of Rebel" and "Smalhans" both in 2012.

paragraph: Lindstrøm has been nominated for Spellemannsprisen (the Norwegian Grammys) four times and won three times. The first win was for his album "It's a Feedelity Affair" in 2006. He went on to receive the award for "Where You Go I Go Too" in 2008 and in 2010 he won the award with singer Christabelle for the album "Real Life Is No Cool".

paragraph: In March 2012 Lindstrøm released his fourth solo album titled "Six Cups of Rebel", which for the first time in his career contains his own vocals. On 5 November 2012 Lindstrøm released his third solo studio album, "Smalhans". After almost 4 years silence, the architect of space disco returned with his single "Home Tonight" featuring Grace Hall - being awarded 2nd place in Spin Magazines annual "Best Dance tracks" list in 2015. He spent the later part of 2015 releasing a handful of official remixes, among them a remix of ABBA's "Something's going on". He also took part in the collaborative album Runddans together with Todd Rundgren and Emil Nicolaisen which was released on 5 May 2015.

paragraph: On 9 March 2016 he surprised his fans by premiering a brand new single on Zane Lowe's Beats 1 program via Apple Music. The single, titled "Closing Shot", was released worldwide on the 11th of March, and was subsequently featured on the EP "Windings", released on 8 July 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Studio albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Where You Go I Go Too" (2008, Smalltown Supersound)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Six Cups of Rebel" (2012, Smalltown Supersound)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Smalhans" (2012, Feedelity Music)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "It's Alright Between Us as It Is" (2017, Smalltown Supersound)

paragraph: Collaboration albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas" with Prins Thomas (2005, Eskimo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reinterpretations with Prins Thomas (2007, Eskimo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "II" with Prins Thomas (2009, Eskimo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Real Life Is No Cool" with Christabelle (2010, Feedelity)

paragraph: Compilations

paragraph: BULLET::::- "It's a Feedelity Affair" (2006, Smalltown Supersound)

paragraph: Mix albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2007, Azuli Records)

paragraph: Singles and EPs

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2000) Slow Supreme - Flesh / Granada [12" Jazid Collective]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2001) Slow Supreme - Green Tea [12" Jazid Collective]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2003) Lindstrøm - Untitled EP [12" Feedelity]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2003) Lindstrøm & Christabelle - Music (In My Mind) [12" Feedelity]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2004) Lindstrøm - There's a Drink in my Bedroom and I Need a Hot Lady EP [12" Feedelity]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2004) Lindstrøm Presents: Plague the Kid - EP [12" Bear Entertainment]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2004) Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas - Further into the Future EP [12" Feedelity]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2004) Lindbæk & Lindstrøm - Alien in My Pocket [12" Modal Music]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Lindstrøm - Violent Group [10" Outergaze]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas - Turkish Delight [12" Eskimo]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas - E2E4 Tribute [Expanded]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Lindstrøm Presents: Plague the Kid 2 - EP [12" Bear Entertainment]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Lindstrøm - I Feel Space [12" Feedelity]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Lindstrøm - Arp She Said [12" Feedelity]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Lindstrøm - Another Side Of Lindstrøm [2x12" Outergaze]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2006) Lindstrøm - The Contemporary Fix [12" Feedelity]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2006) Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas - Mighty Girl [12" Eskimo]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2006) Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas - Boney M Down [12" Eskimo]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2006) Lindstrøm - Another Station [12" Feedelity]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2007) Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas - Nummer Fire EP [12" Eskimo]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2007) Lindstrøm - Let's Practise [12" Feedelity]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2007) Lindstrøm - Let It Happen [10" Azuli Records]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2007) Lindstrøm - Breakfast in Heaven [12" Feedelity]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2007) Lindstrøm - Days of Joy EP ( feat. Torgunn Flaten) [ Feedelity]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2009) Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas - Tirsdagsjam [12" Smalltown Supersound]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2009) Lindstrøm - Leftovers EP [12" Smalltown Supersound]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2010) Lindstrøm - De Javu [Single Smalltown Supersound]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2012) Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas - Forever - Haim

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2013) Lindstrøm & Todd Terje - Lanzarote (Olsen Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2014) Lindstrøm & Say Lou Lou - Games for girls

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2015) Lindstrøm - Home Tonight (Ft. Grace Hall)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2015) Lindstrøm & Ronika - Didn't Know Betta

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2016) Lindstrøm - Closing Shot [Single Feedelity]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2016) Lindstrøm - Windings (Feedelity/Smalltown Supersound)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2016) Lindstrøm & St. Lucia (musician) - TBA (TBA)

paragraph: Section::::Remixes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2004) Snuten - "Crazy B (Lindstrøm Remix)" [12" C+C Records/Hi-Phen]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2004) Fuzz Against Junk - "Country Klonk 2004 (Lindstrøm Remix)" [12" Bear Entertainment]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2004) Fenomenon - "Time (Lindstrøm Remix)" [12" Beatservice]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2004) Bermuda Triangle - "Secret Pillow (Lindstrøm Remix)" [12" Planet Noise]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Tosca - "Züri (Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas Remix)" [12" G-Stoned]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) The Plastics - "Have You Ever Been (Lindstrøm Remix)" [No Phono]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) The Juan Maclean - "Tito's Way (Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas Remix)" [12" DFA/EMI]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Silver City - "Down to 7 (Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas Remix)" [12" 2020 Vision]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Port of Notes - "Walk Through Happiness (Lindstrøm Remix)" [12" Crue-l]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Nemesi - "Cosmica (Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas Remix)" [12" Relish]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Magnet - "Hold On (Lindstrøm Remix)" [12" Atlantic UK]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) LCD Soundsystem - "Tribulations (Lindstrøm Remix)" [12" DFA/EMI]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Freeform Five - "Electromagnetic (Lindstrøm Remix)" [12" Fine]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Diefenbach - "Make Up You Mind (Lindstrøm Remix)" [12" Wall of Sound]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Chicken Lips - "Sweet Cow (Lindstrøm Remix)" [12" Kingsize]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Answering Machine - "Call Me Mr Telephone (Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas Remix)" [12" Expanded]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Annie - "The Wedding (Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas Remix)" [12" !K7]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Anneli Drecker - "You Don't Have to Change" [EMI]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2005) Alden Tyrell - "Disco Lunar Module (Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas Remix)" [12" Clone]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2006) Telex - "Do Worry (Lindstrøm Remix)" [12" EMI]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2006) Roxy Music - "Avalon (Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas Remix)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2006) Ilya Santana - "Oh Arpegissmo (Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas Remix)" [12" Modal]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2006) Franz Ferdinand - "I'm Your Villain (Lindstrøm Remix)" [12" Domino]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2006) Brennan Green - "Little Ease (Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas Remix)" [12" Chinatown]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2006) Allez Allez - "Allez Allez (Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas Remix)" [12" Eskimo]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2006) Alexander Robotnick - "Dark Side of the Spoon (Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas Remix)" [12" Creme Org]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2007) Imagination - "Just An Illusion (Lindstrøm Remix)" [12" Juno Records]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2008) Sally Shapiro - "Time To Let Go (Lindstrøm Remix)" [CD Paper Bag Records]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2008) Fjordfunk - "Let Our Spirits Go (Lindstrøm Remix)" [12" Luna Flicks]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2009) Boredoms - "Ant 10 (Lindstrøm Remix)" [CD Commmons]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2009) Doves - "Jet Stream" (Lindstrøm Remix) [Heavenly / EMI UK] 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2010) Glasser - "Mirrorage (Lindstrøm Remix)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2010) Bear In Heaven - "Lovesick Teenagers (Lindstrøm Remix)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2011) Best Coast - "Boyfriend (Lindstrøm Remix)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2013) Grizzly Bear - "Gun Shy (Lindstrøm Remix)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2013) Charli XCX - "You (Ha Ha Ha) (Lindstrøm Remix)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2015) Foals - "Give it all (Lindstrøm Remix)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2015) MS MR - "Painted" (Lindstrøm Remix)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2015) Mark Ronson - "I Can't Lose (Lindstrøm Remix)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2015) Anni-Frid Lyngstad- "I Know There's Something Going On (Lindstrøm Remix)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2016) Norrlands Guld Ljus Alkoholfri - "Ljudet Av Ljus (Lindstrøm Remix)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2016) Blossoms (band)- Charlemagne Lindstrøm Remix

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2016) (Shura) - Nothing's Real (Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas Remix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2016) (Cubicolor) - Fictionalise (Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas Remix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2016) (Femme) - Fever Boy (Lindstrøm Remix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2017) (Flume) - Tiny Cities Feat. Beck (Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas Remix)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lindstrøm & Feedelity Recordings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lindstrøm at Smalltown Supersound

paragraph: BULLET::::- SF-EP-026 - Interview Series: Lindstrøm Special Features Podcast, December 19, 2012

alias:
Slow Suprem
Lindstrøm

description: Norwegian record producer and DJ

wikidata_label: Hans-Peter Lindstrøm

wikipedia_title: Hans-Peter Lindstrøm


text:
pharaoh
Eighth dynasty
1st intermediate period
Abydos King List
VIIth Dynasty 2175 - 2165
Abydos King List

categories: 22nd-century BC Pharaohs,22nd century BC in Egypt,22nd-century BC rulers,Pharaohs of the Eighth Dynasty of Egypt

paragraph: Djedkare Shemai

paragraph: Djedkare Shemai may have been an ancient Egyptian pharaoh during the Eighth dynasty of the 1st intermediate period. His name is only attested on the Abydos King List, no contemporary document or building with his name has been found.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- VIIth Dynasty 2175 - 2165, Accessed November 9, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abydos King List, Accessed November 9, 2006.

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Djedkare Shemai

wikipedia_title: Djedkare Shemai


text:
ancient Egypt
pharaoh
Eighth Dynasty
First Intermediate Period
Kim Ryholt
Jürgen von Beckerath
Abydos King List
Ramesside-era
Turin canon
Henri Frankfort
Khamudi
Hyksos
Petrie Museum

paragraph: Neferkare Khendu

paragraph: Neferkare Khendu (also Neferkare IV) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Eighth Dynasty during the early First Intermediate Period (2181–2055 BC). According to the egyptologists Kim Ryholt, Jürgen von Beckerath and Darrell Baker he was the sixth king of the Eighth Dynasty.

paragraph: Neferkare Khendu's name is attested on the Abydos King List (number 45), a king list dating to the Ramesside-era, and is absent from the Turin canon as a large lacuna in this document affects most kings of the 7th/8th Dynasty.

paragraph: No attestation is firmly attributable to Neferkare Khendu beyond the Abydos king list, although a cylinder seal inscribed with the cartouche "Ḫndy", "Khendy", has been tentatively attributed to him by the egyptologist Henri Frankfort in 1926. Modern scholarship has shown however that the cartouche on the seal is most likely to read "Khamudi", name of the last king of the Hyksos, and furthermore that this cartouche was inserted on the seal as a space filler rather than as an explicit reference to this king. The seal is now in the Petrie Museum, catalog number UC 11616.

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Neferkare Khendu

wikipedia_title: Neferkare Khendu


text:
Eighth Dynasty
pharaoh
ancient Egypt
First Intermediate Period
Abydos King List
Nikare
gold
British Museum
forgery
VIIth Dynasty 2175 - 2165
Abydos King List

categories: 22nd-century BC Pharaohs,Pharaohs of the Eighth Dynasty of Egypt

paragraph: Neferkamin

paragraph: Neferkamin may have been an Eighth Dynasty pharaoh of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.

paragraph: His throne name "Sneferka" is attested on the Abydos King List (n. 47) although it is possible that here the name is mistyped, and the O34 hieroglyph ("s") in fact is a R22 ("min"), hence "Neferkamin". The correct reading of this king's name is provided, along with the name of Nikare, on a gold plaque now in the British Museum; however, it has been suggested that this object could be a forgery.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Darrell D. Baker: "The Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Pharaohs. Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty (3300-1069 BC)." Bannerstone Press, Oakville 2008, , p. 262–263.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Neferkamin

wikipedia_title: Neferkamin


text:
ancient Egypt
pharaoh
Eighth Dynasty
First Intermediate Period
polities
Kim Ryholt
Jürgen von Beckerath
Memphis
Abydos King List
Seti I
Turin canon
Peter Kaplony
British Museum
Neferkamin
forgery

paragraph: Nikare

paragraph: Nikare (also Nikare I) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Eighth Dynasty during the early First Intermediate Period (2181–2055 BC), at a time when Egypt was possibly divided between several polities. According to the Egyptologists Kim Ryholt, Jürgen von Beckerath and Darrell Baker he was the ninth king of the Eighth Dynasty. As such, Nikare's seat of power would have been Memphis.

paragraph: Section::::Attestations.

paragraph: Nikare is only known for certain thanks to the Abydos King List, a king list redacted during the reign of Seti I, where his name appears on the 48th entry. Nikare may also have been mentioned on the Turin canon but his name and duration of reign are lost to a large lacuna affecting kings 2 through 11 of the Eighth Dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Artefacts.

paragraph: According to the Egyptologist Peter Kaplony, a single faience cylinder-seal may possibly bear Nikare's name, and could thus be the only contemporary attestation of this king.

paragraph: A gold plaque, now in the British Museum, is inscribed with his name along with that of Neferkamin, however it is now believed that this object is a modern forgery.

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Nikare

wikipedia_title: Nikare


text:
Eighth Dynasty
First Intermediate Period
Abydos King List
VIIth Dynasty 2175 - 2165
Abydos King List

categories: 22nd-century BC Pharaohs,Pharaohs of the Eighth Dynasty of Egypt,Year of death unknown,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Neferkare Tereru

paragraph: Neferkare Tereru (also Neferkare V) may have been an Eighth Dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His name is only attested on the Abydos King List (n. 49).

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Neferkare Tereru

wikipedia_title: Neferkare Tereru


text: ancient Egypt

text: pharaoh

text: Eighth Dynasty

text: First Intermediate Period

text: Jürgen von Beckerath

text: Abydos King List

text: steatite

text: cylinder seal

text: Turin canon

categories: 22nd-century BC Pharaohs,Pharaohs of the Eighth Dynasty of Egypt,22nd-century BC rulers

paragraph: Neferkahor

paragraph: Neferkahor was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Eighth Dynasty during the First Intermediate Period. According to egyptologists Jürgen von Beckerath and Darrell Baker, he was the eleventh king of this dynasty.

paragraph: His name is attested on the Abydos King List (number 50) and on a black steatite cylinder seal of unknown provenance. His name is absent from the Turin canon, a lacuna affecting the 7th/8th dynasty where his name would have been listed.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- First Intermediate Period on Digital Egypt for Universities, Accessed April 19, 2014

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Neferkahor

wikipedia_title: Neferkahor


text:
ancient Egypt
pharaoh
Eighth Dynasty
First Intermediate Period
Kim Ryholt
Jürgen von Beckerath
Abydos King List
Turin canon
Neitiqerty Siptah
Kim Ryholt
hieratic
Ramesside period
Pepi II Neferkare
Old Kingdom of Egypt
longest reign of any monarch in history
determinative

paragraph: Neferkare Pepiseneb

paragraph: Neferkare Pepiseneb (also Neferkare Khered Seneb and Neferkare VI) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Eighth Dynasty during the early First Intermediate Period (2181–2055 BC). According to the egyptologists Kim Ryholt, Jürgen von Beckerath and Darrell Baker he was the twelfth king of the combined Eighth Dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Attestations.

paragraph: The name Neferkare Pepiseneb is attested on the Abydos King List (number 51), but not elsewhere. However, Jürgen von Beckerath has proposed that Neferkare Pepiseneb is to be identified with a "Neferkare Khered Seneb" appearing on the Turin canon. As such, Neferkare Pepiseneb would be the first king of the Eighth Dynasty, following "Ntyiqrt" (who might be Neitiqerty Siptah) whose name appears on the Turin canon, a large lacuna in the document affecting the intervening kings of the dynasty. Both of these sources are dated to long after the eighth dynasty, to the 19th dynasty and later and there are no contemporary attestations of this period.

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: The epithet "Khered" given to Neferkare Pepiseneb in the Turin canon means "child" or "young". Consequently, "Neferkare Khered Seneb" is variously translated as "Neferkare The Child is Healthy", "Neferkare the Younger is Healthy" or "Neferkare Junior is Healthy".

paragraph: Several hypotheses have been put forth by Egyptologists concerning this epiteth. Hratch Papazian proposes that the fact that the king was called "Khered" on the Turin canon hints at his youthful age upon ascending to the throne.

paragraph: Alternatively, Darell Baker and Kim Ryholt propose that the epithet "Khered" is the result of an error made by the copyist who wrote the Turin canon, confusing "Pepiseneb" with "Khered Seneb", as the hieratic forms of "pepi" and "khered" can resemble each other if damaged. Thus this error might be due to some damage affecting the earlier document from which the canon was being copied in the Ramesside period.

paragraph: Another hypothesis explaining "Khered" which Ryholt deems more likely is that this epithet is in this context synonymous with "Pepi". Indeed, the "Pepi" of "Pepiseneb" could be Pepi II Neferkare, last great pharaoh of the Old Kingdom of Egypt and who may have had the longest reign of any monarch in history with 94 years on the throne (2278 – 2184 BC). Furthermore, this pharaoh, who must have been well remembered so close to his reign, accessed the throne as a child, when he was only around 6. Ryholt thus proposes that the "child" ("Khered") referred to in Neferkare Pepiseneb's name on the Turin canon is Pepi II. Since additionally, Pepi II's nomen was Neferkare, "Neferkare Seneb", "Khered Seneb" and "Pepiseneb" all could refer to Pepi II and mean "Pepi II is healthy". This hypothesis is possibly vindicated by the divine determinative (Gardiner sign G7) attached to the epithet "Khered" on the Turin canon. This is normally reserved for the names of kings and gods and might indicate that the epithet "Khered" was understood as referring to a specific pharaoh.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: According to Ryholt's latest reading of the Turin canon, Neferkare Pepiseneb reigned at least one year.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, W. Stevenson. "The Old Kingdom in Egypt and the Beginning of the First Intermediate Period," in "The Cambridge Ancient History," vol. I, part 2, ed. Edwards, I.E.S, "et al." p. 197. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1971.

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Neferkare Pepiseneb

wikipedia_title: Neferkare Pepiseneb


text:
pharaoh
First Intermediate Period
Abydos King List
Turin canon
Kim Ryholt
Eighth Dynasty
Jürgen von Beckerath
Memphite
Ramesside period
Neferkare Pepiseneb
Qakare Ibi
Turin canon
lacuna
Min

paragraph: Neferkamin Anu

paragraph: Neferkamin Anu was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. According to the Abydos King List and the latest reconstruction of the Turin canon by Kim Ryholt, he was the 13th king of the Eighth Dynasty. This opinion is shared by the egyptologists Jürgen von Beckerath, Thomas Schneider and Darrell Baker. As a pharaoh of the Eighth Dynasty, Neferkamin Anu would have reigned over the Memphite region.

paragraph: Section::::Attestations.

paragraph: Neferkamin Anu is mentioned on the entry 52 of the Abydos King list, which was compiled in the early Ramesside period. The list names his predecessor as Neferkare Pepiseneb and his successor as Qakare Ibi. The Turin canon identifies Nerferkamin Anu with a "Nefer" mentioned on column 4, line 10 of the document, which is in agreement with the Abydos king list. Any detail about Neferkamin Anu's reign is lost in a lacuna of the Turin canon.

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: The name of Neferkamin Anu is transliterated as "Neferkamin Anu" even though it is reported as "Sneferka Anu" on the Abydos King list. The reason for this transliteration is that the hieroglyph sign O34, reading "s", could replace the sign R22 for the god Min and reading "Mn".

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Neferkamin Anu

wikipedia_title: Neferkamin Anu


text:
pharaoh
First Intermediate Period
Abydos King List
Turin canon
Kim Ryholt
Eighth Dynasty
Jürgen von Beckerath
Memphis
Abydos King List
Seti I
Turin canon
Coptos Decree h
Min
Coptos
Edward Harkness
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Horus name
William C. Hayes
Upper Egypt
Shemay

paragraph: Neferkaure

paragraph: Neferkaure was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. According to the Abydos King List and the latest reconstruction of the Turin canon by Kim Ryholt, he was the 15th king of the Eighth Dynasty. This opinion is shared by the egyptologists Jürgen von Beckerath, Thomas Schneider and Darell Baker. As a pharaoh of the Eighth Dynasty, Neferkaure's seat of power was Memphis and he may not have held power over all of Egypt.

paragraph: Section::::Attestations.

paragraph: Neferkaure is named on the 54th entry of the Abydos King List, a king list redacted some 900 years after the First Intermediate Period during the reign of Seti I. Neferkaure's name is lost in a lacuna of the Turin canon affecting column 5, line 11 of the document. The length of Neferkaure's reign is nonetheless preserved with "4 years, 2 months and 0 days".

paragraph: Neferkaure is also known from a contemporary inscription, a fragmentary decree inscribed on a limestone slab known as Coptos Decree h and concerning offerings for the temple of Min at Coptos. One of the two existing fragments of this decree was given by Edward Harkness to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where it is now on display in Gallery 103.

paragraph: The decree is dated to the fourth regnal year of Neferkaure, which is the highest attested date of any king of the Eighth Dynasty. The first sign of the king's Horus name is clearly present while the second sign is debated. von Beckerath commits only to the first sign and reads "Kha[...]", while Baker and William C. Hayes read "Khabau". The decree is addressed to the then governor of Upper Egypt, Shemay, and requires that fixed amounts of offerings be given at regular intervals to the god Min and then possibly to a statue of the king.

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Neferkaure II

wikipedia_title: Neferkaure


text:
ancient Egypt
pharaoh
Eighth Dynasty
First Intermediate Period
polities
Memphite
Abydos King List
Seti I
Turin Canon
Kim Ryholt
Min
Coptos
philanthropist
Edward Harkness
Metropolitan Museum of Art
vizier
Shemay
Horus
Min
Idy
Upper Egypt
nome
Elephantine
Diospolis Parva
Shemay
Shemu
Wadi Hammamat

paragraph: Neferkauhor

paragraph: Neferkauhor Khuwihapi was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Eighth Dynasty during the early First Intermediate Period (2181–2055 BC), at a time when Egypt was possibly divided between several polities.

paragraph: Neferkauhor was the sixteenth and penultimate king of the Eighth Dynasty and as such would have ruled over the Memphite region. Neferkauhor reigned for little over 2 years and is one of the best attested kings of this period with eight of his decrees surviving in fragmentary condition to this day.

paragraph: Section::::Attestations on king lists.

paragraph: Neferkauhor is listed on entry 55 of the Abydos King List, a king list redacted during the reign of Seti I, some 900 years after Neferkauhor's lifetime. Neferkauhor is believed to have been listed on the Turin Canon as well even though his name is lost in a lacuna affecting column 5, row 12 of the document (following Kim Ryholt's reconstruction). The duration of his reign is, however, preserved and given as "2 years, 1 month and 1 day".

paragraph: Section::::The decrees of Neferkauhor.

paragraph: A total of eight different decrees found in the temple of Min at Coptos are attributed to Neferkauhor and survive to this day in fragmentary condition. Four of these decrees, inscribed on limestone slabs, were given in 1914 by the philanthropist Edward Harkness to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where there are now on display in Gallery 103.

paragraph: Seven out of the eight decrees were issued on a single day of the first year of reign of Neferkauhor, perhaps on the day of his accession to the throne. The year in question is given the name of "Year of Uniting the Two Lands". In the first decree Neferkauhor bestows titles to his eldest daughter Nebyet, wife of a vizier named Shemay. He attributes her a bodyguard, the commandant of soldiers Khrod-ny (also read Kha’redni), and orders the construction of a sacred barque for a god called "Two-Powers", perhaps the syncretized god Horus-Min.

paragraph: The second and best preserved of the decrees concerns the appointment of Shemay's son, Idy, to the post of governor of Upper Egypt, ruling over the seven southernmost nomes from Elephantine to Diospolis Parva:

paragraph: The third and fourth decrees are partially preserved on a single fragment. They record Neferkauhor giving Idy's brother a post in the temple of Min and possibly also informing Idy about it. This last decree records why the decrees were found in the temple of Min:

paragraph: The remaining decrees concern the appointment of mortuary priests to the chapels of Nebyet and Shemay as well as ordering inventories at the temple of Min.

paragraph: Section::::Other attestations.

paragraph: Beyond the decrees Neferkauhor is also attested by two inscriptions on a wall in Shemay's tomb. They are dated to the first year of his reign, Month 4 of Shemu, Day 2. The inscriptions report the bringing of stone from the Wadi Hammamat (Coptos is the starting point for expeditions to this Wadi). The inscriptions are partly destroyed, but seem to mention that the work was done within 19 days. From the Wadi Hammamat are known three rock inscriptions reporting the bringing of a stone. One of the texts is dated under year one of an unnamed king. In two of the inscriptions is also mentioned Idy. If this Idy is identical to the one know from the decrees, the inscription also refer to this expedition under the king.

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Neferkauhor

wikipedia_title: Neferkauhor


text:
Neferirkare Kakai
ancient Egypt
pharaoh
Eighth Dynasty
First Intermediate Period
Kim Ryholt
Jürgen von Beckerath
Old Kingdom
Abydos King List
Seti I
Turin canon
Ramesside era
Farouk Gomaà
William C. Hayes
Coptos Decree R
Egyptian Museum
Min
Coptos
Wadjkare
Kurt Heinrich Sethe
Neferkare II
Hans Goedicke
Shemay
Idy
Herakleopolitan
9th Dynasty
Meryibre Khety
Nile flood

paragraph: Neferirkare

paragraph: Neferirkare (sometimes referred to as Neferirkare II because of Neferirkare Kakai) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Eighth Dynasty during the early First Intermediate Period (2181–2055 BC). According to the egyptologists Kim Ryholt, Jürgen von Beckerath and Darrell Baker he was the 17th and final king of the Eighth Dynasty. Many scholars consider Neferirkare to have been the last pharaoh of the Old Kingdom, which came to an end with the 8th Dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Attestations.

paragraph: Neferirkare II's name is clearly attested on the 56th entry of the Abydos King List, a king list which was redacted some 900 years after the First Intermediate Period during the reign of Seti I. The latest reconstruction of the Turin canon, another king list compiled in the Ramesside era, indicates that Neferirkare II is also attested there on column 5, line 13.

paragraph: Section::::Identity.

paragraph: Farouk Gomaà, William C. Hayes and Baker identify Neferirkare II with the horus name "Demedjibtawy" ("Dmḏ-ib-t3wy", "He who unifies the heart of the two lands") appearing on a single decree, the Coptos Decree R, now in the Egyptian Museum, JE 41894. The decree concerns the temple of Min at Coptos, exempting it from dues and duties. This identification is rejected by Jürgen von Beckerath.

paragraph: Another proposed identification concerns the prenomen "Wadjkare" ("W3ḏ-k3-Rˁ", "Flourishing is the Ka of Ra"), which also appears on the Coptos Decree R. Kurt Heinrich Sethe, Gomaà, Hayes and Baker see Wadjkare as distinct from Demedjibtawy, but von Beckerath believes that Wadjkare may have been the prenomen of Neferkare II and the same person as Demedjibtawy. At the opposite, Gomaà and Hayes equate Wadjkare with an obscure ruler named "Hor-Khabaw". Alternatively, Hans Goedicke proposed that Wadjkare is the predecessor of Demedjibtawy and places both rulers chronologically into the 9th Dynasty.

paragraph: Thomas Schneider leaves the problem open and relates Wadjkare equally to either Neferkare II or Neferirkare II without further reference to Demedjibtawy.

paragraph: Finally, both Demedjibtawy and Wadjkare are not known from any other contemporary attestation than the decree and, unless they are to be identified with Neferirkare II or Neferkare II, they are also absent from both the Abydos king list and the Turin canon.

paragraph: In 2014 Maha Farid Mostafa published an inscription, found in the tomb of Shemay. The inscription belongs most likely to Idy, a son of Shemay, albeit Idy's name is not preserved. The text is dated under a king with the name Pepy and with a throne name Nefer-ka [destroyed]-Ra. Maha Farid Mostafa reconstructed that throne name to Neferirkare. The inscription dates for sure to the 8th Dynasty. If this reconstruction is correct, Neferirkare is most likely identical with "Demedjibtawy". Idy is mentioned on one of the Coptos decrees together with "Demedjibtawy" .

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: The Turin canon credits Neferirkare II with a year and half of reign. Both the Turin canon and the Abydos king list record Neferirkare II as the last ruler of the combined 7th/8th. Neferirkare was possibly overthrown by the first king of the succeeding Herakleopolitan 9th Dynasty, Meryibre Khety. Alternatively the Egyptian state may have completely collapsed with the onset of low Nile floods, mass famine and chaos which engulfed Egypt at the start of the First Intermediate Period.

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Neferirkare

wikipedia_title: Neferirkare


text: American

text: patent

text: New York City

text: United States Naval Academy

text: Albany Law School

text: The Scientific American

text: Appleton's

text: father-in-law

text: Enrico Caruso

text: Park Benjamin Sr.

text: Scientific American

text: Thomas Edison

text: Park Row

text: U.S. Naval Academy

text: Scientific American

text: George Chesney

text: The Battle of Dorking

text: Dorothy

text: Enrico Caruso

categories: United States Naval Academy alumni,American lawyers,Albany Law School alumni,United States Navy officers,American science writers,1849 births,American military writers

paragraph: Park Benjamin Jr.

paragraph: Park Benjamin (1849–1922) was an American patent lawyer and writer. He was born in New York City, graduated at the United States Naval Academy in 1867, resigned from the Navy in 1869, and graduated at the Albany Law School in the following year. He was associate editor of "The Scientific American" from 1872 to 1878 and subsequently edited Appleton's "Cyclopedia of Applied Mechanics" and "Cyclopædia of Modern Mechanism". He is also famous as the father-in-law of operatic tenor Enrico Caruso.

paragraph: Section::::Getting started on his own.

paragraph: Park Benjamin Jr. was born in New York in 1849. His father, Park Benjamin Sr., was extremely famous in his time, as a poet, editor and founder of several newspapers.

paragraph: Park graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1867 and published a book of his etchings of the academy that year. He resigned from the Navy, and after a year at law school was admitted to the New York Bar in 1870. He studied science at Union College and received his Ph.D. in 1877. Before completing his doctorate he was assistant editor of "Scientific American" (1872–78) and then editor-in-chief of "Appleton's Cyclopaedia of Applied Mechanics" (1879–96). By the time Benjamin began working at "Scientific American" it had become more associated with the commercial side of science and patenting of inventions. He was editor when Thomas Edison brought in his phonograph to the patent agency, and its uses were for the first time described in an 1877 issue. Both Edison and younger brother Dr. George Benjamin were contributors to Appleton's when P.B. began editing.

paragraph: Section::::37 Park Row.

paragraph: In between those editorships Benjamin established, at 37 Park Row, a "Scientific Expert Office" that offered advertising and promotional help, as well as metallurgical and chemical expertise for inventors and manufacturers. Benjamin wrote three books on the history of electricity, one on the Voltaic cell and one on the U.S. Naval Academy. Like the later "Scientific American" editor John Bernard Walker, he was very interested in the Navy and in coastal defenses, the northeast coast particularly. According to his article in the "Who's Who", his story, "The End of New York" (1881), meant to warn of the navy's inadequacy, made quite an impression at the time. It features balloons which can float over targets and release bombs, an invention it seems he was quite worried about since he wrote an article warning about the dangers of balloon weapons the year before the story came out. This creative method of siege was used first by Austria against the rebellious Venetians in 1849. The balloon bombs were successful and their use was reported in Scientific American in 1849. Who knows why Benjamin saw it as a threat to New York thirty years later? "The subject is woefully trite," wrote the Nassau Literary Magazine when the story was reprinted in 1885, "the plot is extremely simple...Its interest is derived solely from its novelty."

paragraph: Section::::Debut as a writer of fiction.

paragraph: "The End of New York" may seem slow, and sometimes thick in Naval detail, but it is a unique origin point in American fiction. It was the first story in the mode of George Chesney's "The Battle of Dorking" (1871); at least six other stories in this collection fall in that category, and Benjamin's predates the next by seven years. These stories are defined by describing an imaginary invasion, having a clear purpose to expose the weaknesses of the author's home country defenses, and showing how those defenses could be improved. Many of these invasion stories use famous contemporaries as characters, but Benjamin's story is the only one that kills off some of these real people, like Captain Greer, Lieutenant-Commander Jewell and Vice-Admiral Rowan (at the end of Chapter II). His work is the first New York story to describe specific buildings toppling into the streets, and the ruin of the city and mass evacuation in its gory detail.

paragraph: Section::::Turbulent family relations.

paragraph: In 1918, Benjamin's daughter Dorothy, 25, eloped with opera star Enrico Caruso, who was 45. Caruso was the most famous tenor in the world at the time. Benjamin initially approved of the marriage but later withdrew his consent citing the differences in their "ages, nationality and temperament." Another of his daughters married that year and Benjamin was also conspicuously absent from her wedding.

paragraph: In 1919, Benjamin legally adopted Dorothy's long time governess, Anna M. Bolchi, as his daughter. His wife was ill and living in a sanitarium at the time. Caruso died in 1921 at the age of 48 and Benjamin died the next year at the age of 74 at his summer home in Stamford, CT. All of his children, except Dorothy, were at his bedside when he died.

paragraph: He left each of his biological children one dollar in his will. The adopted girl, an Italian immigrant, had been left the bulk of the estate worth half a million dollars. The text of the will was printed in the newspapers with its scathing comments on the children. "Because of their long continued, persistent, undutiful and unfilial conduct" they had "acted less as children than as parasites and who have defied me." Benjamin's widow, died in the sanitarium one month after him, at age 56, which left Bolchi in total control of the estate. The children then sued to contest the will on several counts, dropping the suit six months later when a financial settlement was reached with Bolchi. A year after his death, Bolchi scattered Benjamin's ashes in the exact middle of the Atlantic, as per his wishes. A few months later in London, she married Benjamin's lawyer, Benjamin Fullman. The lawyer had suspiciously drawn up both Benjamin's will and the adoption of his future wife.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Besides numerous magazine articles dealing for the most part with scientific subjects, he published:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shakings or Etchings from the United States Naval Academy" (1867)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wrinkles and Recipes" (1875)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The End of New York" (1881)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Age of Electricity" (1886)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Voltaic Cell" (1892)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The History of Electricity" (1895)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "History of the United States Naval Academy" (1900)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Modern Mechanism" (1905)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Park Benjamin collection of international cityscape and landscape views, 1590-circa 1900 (bulk 1795-1850). Held by the Department of Drawings & Archives, Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, Columbia University.

description: American physician and lawyer

wikidata_label: Park Benjamin, Jr.

wikipedia_title: Park Benjamin Jr.


text:
King of Persis
CE
vassal state
Parthian Empire
Artaxares II

categories: 1st-century Iranian people,Zoroastrian dynasties and rulers,Year of death unknown,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Darius II of Persis

paragraph: Darius II of Persis () was King of Persis during the 1st century CE, a vassal state of the Parthian Empire. He was succeeded by his son Artaxares II.

description: 1st century CE vassal ruler

wikidata_label: Darius II of Persis

wikipedia_title: Darayan II

wikipedia_title: Darius II of Persis


text: Wars of the Roses

text: Richard III

text: Edward IV

text: Henry Tudor

text: Lord of the Isle of Wight

text: Francis II, Duke of Brittany

text: Lord Scales

text: Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers

text: Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers

text: Jacquetta of Luxembourg

text: Elizabeth Woodville

text: King Edward IV

text: Dominic Mancini

text: Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers

text: Francis II, Duke of Brittany

text: Porchester Castle

text: knight banneret

text: Edward V

text: Philippe de Crèvecoeur

text: Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers

text: Henry Tudor

text: Battle of Bosworth

text: Lord of the Isle of Wight

text: Carisbrooke Castle

text: Lord Scales

text: Elizabeth de Scales

text: Ferdinand and Isabella

text: Loja

text: Lambert Simnel

text: Sherwood Forest

text: Battle of Stoke

text: Knight of the Garter

text: Saint-Malo

text: longbow

text: Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier (1488)

text: Breton nationalists

text: English Heritage

text: Jasper Tudor

text: Jean Molinet

categories: People of the Wars of the Roses,Knights of the Garter,Year of birth unknown,Woodville family,1488 deaths,History of the Isle of Wight

paragraph: Edward Woodville, Lord Scales

paragraph: Sir Edward Woodville (died 1488) was a member of the Woodville family during the Wars of the Roses. He survived the reign of Richard III in which several of his relatives were executed in a power struggle after the death of Edward IV. Exiled with Henry Tudor, he participated in Henry's capture of the throne. He was then appointed Lord of the Isle of Wight, the last person to be given that title.

paragraph: An enthusiastic soldier, he has been called "the last knight errant" because of his devotion to the chivalrous ideal. Involved in many military adventures, he was finally killed in an ill-fated personal expedition to Brittany in support of Francis II, Duke of Brittany.

paragraph: Woodville was referred to as Lord Scales after the death of his brother Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, who bequeathed the Scales lands to him. He is consistently referred to as Lord Scales in Spanish and Breton records, but he never officially held the baronial title.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Edward was the tenth child, and youngest son, of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers, and his wife Jacquetta of Luxembourg, who came to prominence when their daughter Elizabeth Woodville married King Edward IV. During the reign of his sister's husband, young Edward Woodville was among those who allegedly encouraged the king's licentious lifestyle as "promoters and companions of his vices", in the words of the Italian courtier Dominic Mancini.

paragraph: In 1472 he accompanied his brother, Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, to Brittany. Francis II, Duke of Brittany had appealed to Edward IV for support against the French, who were threatening invasion. The king sent 1000 archers with the Woodvilles. Determined Anglo-Breton resistance forced the French to withdraw. In 1475, Edward IV made him one of the Knights of the Bath. In 1480 Edward was granted control of the town of Portsmouth and the stronghold of Porchester Castle.

paragraph: In 1482, he joined the king's brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester in his invasion of Scotland. Richard made him a knight banneret on 24 July 1482. The following year, he was commissioned to prepare an expeditionary force to be sent to France, but the king's sudden death halted this project.

paragraph: Section::::Escape from Richard III.

paragraph: After the death of King Edward there was a power-struggle between the Woodvilles and Richard Duke of Gloucester, who had been appointed as Protector of the under-age heir Edward V. The Woodvilles were keen to bypass the protectorate and have Prince Edward crowned quickly. They attempted to outmanoeuvre Richard by placing their large family in positions of power. They convinced the royal council to appoint Edward Woodville as admiral of a fleet, supposedly to deal with the French naval commander Philippe de Crèvecoeur, who was attacking English ships in the channel.

paragraph: He seems to have left London to take command of the fleet shortly after Richard initiated his "coup" by arresting Edward's brother Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, at Stony Stratford. Apparently still unaware of this development, Edward then sailed with his fleet in April. Richard quickly moved to place his supporters in control of key posts in Edward's power-base at the Isle of Wight and Porchester. By mid-May he sought to capture his fleet. Woodville was at Southampton, having just confiscated a large sum in gold coins (allegedly belonging to the king) from a merchant ship, when he was made aware of the situation. Most of his fleet surrendered to Richard, but Woodville escaped with two ships and, probably, the money. He and his men then joined Henry Tudor in exile in Brittany, where he seems to have received a monthly allowance from the Duke. Richard executed Anthony Woodville and proclaimed himself king. He made a number of attempts to extradite the Tudor faction, but the Duke resisted the pressure.

paragraph: Section::::Under Henry VII.

paragraph: Edward returned to England with Henry in 1485 and fought at the Battle of Bosworth. Under Henry VII he was appointed as Lord of the Isle of Wight in the first year of the new king's reign. He was also given command of Porchester Castle again, along with Carisbrooke Castle.

paragraph: By this time he was being called "Lord Scales", coming from his brother's wife, Elizabeth de Scales, whose lands had been bequeathed to him, but which he never seems to have received.

paragraph: In 1486 Edward went to Spain to join with Ferdinand and Isabella in the attempt to expel the Moors and unify Spain, possibly to fulfil a vow he had made that he would participate in a crusade. He fought at the siege of Loja, where he helped to defeat the Moorish forces by leading an attack to scale the city walls. In the fight, Edward was hit in the face by a rock thrown by a defender. He was knocked unconscious and his front teeth were smashed, a disfigurement he considered a badge of honour. He was visited in hospital by the king and queen, who sympathised with him over the loss of his teeth. According to the chronicler Andrés Bernáldes he replied, "Our Lord, who reared this fabric, has only opened a window to discern more readily what lies within".

paragraph: In the following year, back in England, he played an important role in defeating the rebellion of Lambert Simnel, when he was placed in command of the light cavalry, sent north to make first contact with the rebels. His forces repeatedly harassed the rebel army in a series of skirmishes in Sherwood Forest, forcing it to slow down and giving the king time to build up his army before the main battle. He seems to have intentionally adopted the "Moorish hit-and-run tactics" of the kind he'd seen used effectively in Spain. His cavalry joined the main royal army before the decisive Battle of Stoke, forming its right wing. In the following year he was made a Knight of the Garter.

paragraph: Section::::Under Henry VII.:Death in Brittany.

paragraph: In 1488 the Duke of Brittany appealed to Henry for help when he was once more threatened with invasion by France. Henry attempted to negotiate a settlement, but the French decided to invade. Edward asked Henry to allow him to raise a force to support the Bretons. Henry was unwilling to commit to this, and so Edward collected men from the Isle of Wight on his own authority. He managed to gather a small force of between 400 and 700 archers along with 40 of the local gentry. He sailed to Saint-Malo, plundering a French ship on the way.

paragraph: The Bretons decided to make the English force seem larger by dressing 1,300 of their own men in English colours, possibly to frighten the French with the fearsome reputation of the English longbowmen. At the Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier (1488) Edward's force formed the vanguard of the Breton army. He led a bold attack on the French in the opening stages of the battle, but a French counter-attack on the weak Breton centre broke their position and the Bretons were defeated. Lord Scales' force was almost completely wiped out. Supposedly there was one survivor, a boy called Diccon Clarke, who returned to the Isle of Wight to tell the tale. Edward was killed with his men, apparently after he had refused to surrender for ransom.

paragraph: He was buried in Brittany. In 1988 a monument was erected by Breton nationalists at the site of the battle, which commemorates the English forces, but erroneously refers to their leader as "Talbot Earl of Scales". In 2009 English Heritage put up a memorial plaque to him at Carisbrooke castle.

paragraph: Sir Edward's biographer Christopher Wilkins calls him "a true hero whose significance in the politics of the period is often overlooked", describing him as an "essentially Medieval" figure, whose actions in Spain, England and France helped form, sometimes contrary to his intentions, modern nation-states.

paragraph: Section::::Scales title.

paragraph: Edward is consistently referred to as Lord Scales during Henry VII's reign, mostly by continental sources. Richard III did not honour Anthony Woodville's will granting the Scales lands to Edward. Other exiled members of the Tudor group, such as Jasper Tudor, used titles they considered themselves to have been unjustly deprived of by the Yorkist kings. However, there is no record of Edward claiming to be anything other than a knight. Edward was not officially granted the title by Henry VII when he became king. The minor Woodville relations who had inherited the land were left in possession of it, but without the right to use the baronial title. It is not known whether this was Edward's or Henry's wish. Wilkins believes that Edward chose not to pursue his claim.

paragraph: Edward nevertheless is consistently called "Conde d'Escalas" by the Spanish during and after his expedition there, and is called "Le Seigneur d'Escales" by the French chronicler Jean Molinet. However, when Edward defied Henry's instructions not to become involved in the Franco-Breton war of 1488, Henry wrote to the French king referring to him as "Sir Edward Woodville, knight, calling himself Lord of Scales".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Woodville at the Woodville family page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Susan Higginbottom's page on Edward Woodville

description: British noble

wikidata_label: Edward Woodville, Lord Scales

wikipedia_title: Edward Woodville, Lord Scales


text: Finland

text: keyboardist

text: metal

text: Lordi

text: Korg

text: Behemoth

text: Children of Bodom

text: Amen

text: Rovaniemi

text: Lordi

text: doll

text: Mr. Lordi

text: To Beast or Not to Beast

text: Scare Force One

text: Sexorcism

text: Recordead Live – Sextourcism in Z7

text: Hella page on Lordi.fi

text: Hella's interview on LORDI Army

categories: Finnish heavy metal keyboardists,Lordi members,1985 births,Finnish rock musicians

paragraph: Hella (musician)

paragraph: Henna-Riikka Paakkola (born 2 January 1985, Finland) is a Finnish keyboardist and singer. She is best known by her stage name Hella and is the current keyboardist of Finnish metal band Lordi. Hella uses Korg keyboards. She claims to be a big melodic metal fan, and her favorite bands include Behemoth and Children of Bodom. In January 2014, Hella recorded a song with a Finnish band called Postikortteja Helvetistä.

paragraph: In early 2015, Hella announced that she was pregnant. The band's guitarist, Amen, later confirmed that Hella would be replaced for the summer festivals. In summer 2015, Hella's temporary replacement, Nalle, was seen for the first time at Rovaniemi.

paragraph: Section::::Character.

paragraph: Hella's monster character in Lordi is a mix of human and doll, "Scarbie". She has created her character along with the costume-maker Mr. Lordi. Her character has been described as "Living Doll", "Burned´n´Buried" and "Plastic Chick".

paragraph: Section::::Discography (as Hella).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lordi: "To Beast or Not to Beast" (2013) keyboards, backing vocals

paragraph: BULLET::::- Postikortteja Helvetistä: "Miksi?" (single, 2014) vocals

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lordi: "Scare Force One" (2014) keyboards, backing vocals

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lordi: "Monstereophonic (Theaterror vs. Demonarchy)" (2016) keyboards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lordi: "Sexorcism" (2018) keyboards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lordi: "Recordead Live – Sextourcism in Z7" (live, 2019) keyboards

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hella page on Lordi.fi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hella's interview on LORDI Army

description: Finnish musician

wikidata_label: Hella

wikipedia_title: Hella (musician)


text:
Prague
Kingdom of Bohemia
Řevnice
Salome
Oscar Wilde
Salomé
Jaroslav Křička
rhythmic gymnastics
expressionist dance
Dalcroze eurhythmics
Alice Dubská
Helena Vojáčková
National Theatre
Franz Schubert
Bedřich Smetana
Jaroslav Ježek
František Hilmar
Jaroslav Křička
Otakar Ostrčil

categories: Czech female dancers,People from Prague,1905 births,1965 deaths,Czech choreographers

paragraph: Anka Čekanová

paragraph: Anna Marie Julie Čekanová, known professionally as Anka Čekanová and Anna Čekanová-Kukulová, (26 February 1905 - 22 July 1965) was a Czech dancer and choreographer.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Anna Marie Julie Čekanová was born on 26 February 1905 in her family home at 42 Charvátova Street in Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia. Her father, Václav Čekan, owned a hat factory and her mother, Anna Broft, ran a motion studio. She had a twin brother named Wenceslas.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1916 Čekanová's father founded the Forest Theater in Řevnice. She danced and acted in several theatrical performances and became part of the Chekan Drama Company, which performed at the theater. In 1924 she performed the role of Salome in Oscar Wilde's "Salomé" with the original score by Jaroslav Křička.

paragraph: She studied rhythmic gymnastics, expressionist dance, and Dalcroze eurhythmics with Alice Dubská, Helena Vojáčková, Volková, Vratislav, Leben-Vaňková, Kupferová, and Siblík. She made her professional debut as a soloist in 1926 at the Červená Sedma cabaret in Prague. Later that year she performed at the National Theatre. She danced accompanied with music by Franz Schubert, Bedřich Smetana, Jaroslav Ježek, and František Hilmar. She was a member of the Devetsil Art Association and founded her own dance company, collaborating with composers Jaroslav Křička and Otakar Ostrčil.

paragraph: On 26 May 1930 she married Otakar Kukula and retired from her career as a solo artist. She continued to dance with the Forest Theater ensemble, and was credtied under her married name. She and her husband had two children.

alias:
Anna Čekanová-Kukulová
Anna Marie Julie Čekanová

description: Czech dancer and choreographer

wikidata_label: Anka Čekanová

wikipedia_title: Anka Čekanová


text: United States Army

text: Medal of Honor

text: Vietnam War

text: New York City

text: Staff Sergeant

text: 31st Infantry Regiment

text: 196th Infantry Brigade

text: Hiep Duc

text: Republic of Vietnam

text: booby trap

text: grenade

text: Hawthorne, New York

text: mortar

text: List of Medal of Honor recipients

categories: People from the Bronx,Vietnam War recipients of the Medal of Honor,1970 deaths,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,American military personnel killed in the Vietnam War,1946 births,Fordham University alumni,United States Army soldiers,Military personnel from New York City

paragraph: Robert C. Murray

paragraph: Robert Charles Murray (December 10, 1946 – June 7, 1970) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in the Vietnam War.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Murray was studying at Harvard Business School (MBA 1970 Section F) when he left early and joined the Army from New York City in 1969. By June 7, 1970, he was serving as a Staff Sergeant in Company B, 4th Battalion, 31st Infantry Regiment, 196th Infantry Brigade, 23d Infantry Division. On that day, near the village of Hiep Duc in the Republic of Vietnam, Murray smothered the blast of a booby trapped grenade with his body, sacrificing his life to protect the soldiers around him.

paragraph: Murray, aged 23 at his death, was buried in Cemetery of the Gate of Heaven, Hawthorne, New York.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Staff Sergeant Murray's official Medal of Honor citation reads:

paragraph: S/Sgt. Murray distinguished himself while serving as a squad leader with Company B. S/Sgt. Murray's squad was searching for an enemy mortar that had been threatening friendly positions when a member of the squad tripped an enemy grenade rigged as a booby trap. Realizing that he had activated the enemy booby trap, the soldier shouted for everybody to take cover. Instantly assessing the danger to the men of his squad, S/Sgt. Murray unhesitatingly and with complete disregard for his own safety, threw himself on the grenade absorbing the full and fatal impact of the explosion. By his gallant action and self sacrifice, he prevented the death or injury of the other members of his squad. S/Sgt. Murray's extraordinary courage and gallantry, at the cost of his life above and beyond the call of duty, are in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the U.S. Army.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War

wikidata_label: Robert C. Murray

wikipedia_title: Robert C. Murray