text: Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners

text: surveyor

text: Rideau Canal

text: Ontario

text: Canada

text: watercolour paintings

text: Worcester

text: England

text: Fort Henry

text: Kingston

text: Upper Canada

text: Montreal

text: Bytown

text: Ottawa

text: Wellington Street

text: Parliament Buildings

text: Kingston Mills

text: Kingston

text: postmaster

text: Justice of the Peace

text: Detroit

text: Michigan

text: Archives of Ontario

text: Archives of Ontario

categories: English watercolourists,1866 deaths,People from Worcester,1796 births,English surveyors,Canadian watercolourists,English emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario,Royal Engineers officers,Canadian surveyors,Canadian landscape painters,Rideau Canal,Settlers of the National Capital Region of Canada,Artists from Ottawa

paragraph: Thomas Burrowes (artist)

paragraph: Thomas Burrowes (1796–1866) was a Captain with the Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners who served as both a surveyor and overseer during the construction of the Rideau Canal in Ontario, Canada. Burrowes is known, however, for having documented the construction of the canal and the landscape of the surrounding area in a series of watercolour paintings, thus creating an important eyewitness record of one of the most important engineering projects of 19th century Canada.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Burrowes was born in 1796 in Worcester, England. At the age of 17, he enlisted in the Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners, and he was posted to Fort Henry in Kingston, Upper Canada in 1815. In 1826, he joined a team assembling in Montreal to build a military canal linking Lake Ontario to the Ottawa River. Assigned to Bytown (the settlement that later became Ottawa, the capital of Canada), Burrowes served as Assistant Overseer of Works for the Rideau Canal project. He was one of the first persons to take up land and build a home on Wellington Street, the road upon which Canada's Parliament Buildings would be built decades later.

paragraph: In 1829, Burrowes was posted to Kingston Mills, upstream from Kingston, where he served as Clerk of the Works of the Cataraqui section of the Rideau Canal until his retirement in 1846. In retirement, Burrowes worked as a farmer, supplementing his income by serving both as a postmaster and Justice of the Peace in Kingston Mills. Burrowes died in 1866. His home, Maplehurst, still stands.

paragraph: Section::::Artwork.

paragraph: Throughout his career, Burrowes painted watercolours documenting the construction of the canal and the landscape of Upper Canada. His paintings were discovered in 1907 in the attic of one of Burrowes' daughters in Detroit, Michigan, and were donated to the Archives of Ontario in 1948 by Burrowes' grandson. The paintings have been referred to as "some of the most famous images in Ontario history", constituting "one of the most important ever private donations to the Archives of Ontario".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eyewitness: Thomas Burrowes on the Rideau Canal - Online exhibit of the Archives of Ontario

paragraph: BULLET::::- Osborne, B. "The Artist as Historical Commentator: Thomas Burrowes and the Rideau Canal". 1983 Jan 1. Archivaria [Online] 1:17. Retrieved 2008-01-22.

description: British artist

wikidata_label: Thomas Burrowes

wikipedia_title: Thomas Burrowes (artist)


text:
Students in Paris
Art for Art's Sake
Only One Night
They Staked Their Lives
Secrets of Women
For the Sake of My Intemperate Youth
Last Pair Out
The Touch
Face to Face
Friends

categories: People from Helsingør Municipality,1912 births,Swedish film actresses,Eugene O'Neill Award winners,20th-century Swedish actresses,1990 deaths

paragraph: Aino Taube

paragraph: Aino Regina Taube (11 July 1912 – 11 July 1990) was a Swedish film and theatre actress. She appeared in 50 films between 1931 and 1988.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Students in Paris" (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Art for Art's Sake" (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Only One Night" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "They Staked Their Lives" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Secrets of Women" (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "For the Sake of My Intemperate Youth" (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Last Pair Out" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Touch" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Face to Face" (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Friends" (1988)

description: actress

wikidata_label: Aino Taube

wikipedia_title: Aino Taube


text:
Toruń
Steampunk
folk
industrial
Celtic
melody
narrative
found sound
Industrial Revolution
New Zealand
Capcom
The Eden House
darkwave
steampunk
Strawpeople
Zane Lowe
Breaks Co-op
Baitercell
Schumacher
Peter Jackson
Breaks Co-op
Strawpeople
Baitercell
Schumacher
The Eden House
Official website

categories: Musical groups established in 1997,Female songwriters,20th-century women singers,20th-century New Zealand singers,21st-century women singers,New Zealand emigrants to Poland,New Zealand female singers,21st-century New Zealand singers,Living people,1974 births

paragraph: Jordan Reyne

paragraph: Jordan Reyne is an experimental musician currently residing in Toruń, Poland. Jordan's sound has been variously described as "industrial-tinged folk" and "antipodean Steampunk" yet defies any cut and dried genre description. She combines the two usually disparate genres of folk and industrial, bringing in Celtic vocal melody, historically-based narrative and the sounds of steam, iron and industrial "found sound". Several of her releases are set in the time of the Industrial Revolution.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Reyne came from England. Soon after her birth, her parents moved with her to New Zealand. Reyne grew up in an isolated community on the west coast of New Zealand's South Island, 30 km south of Westport. As a teenager, Reyne moved to New Zealand's North Island where she studied software engineering at the Central Institute of Technology in Wellington. She later moved to Auckland to study philosophy at the University of Auckland before leaving for Germany in 2006. Jordan remained in Germany until 2011, when she relocated to the UK.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.

paragraph: Jordan Reyne's first album release (Birds of Prey) was in 1997, and earned the New Zealand born musician a Tui nomination for most promising female musician. Reyne has since released 11 more albums of her own work to critical acclaim worldwide, earning two more Tui nominations and a Sounz commendation award.

paragraph: Reyne's music draws on folklore and story telling to depict political themes and the lives of ordinary characters in often extraordinary situations Her use of "Found Sound," percussion and drones, often in the form of factory noise, aims at grounding the stories in their time. The album "How the Dead Live" was commissioned by the New Zealand Arts Council and Wild Creations initiative and follows the life of one of New Zealand's first pioneer women, Susannah Hawes. The album draws on Susannah's archived letters, and the sounds of farming machinery and the environment at the time. Similarly, "Children of a Factory Nation" follows a Welsh family from the ports of Cardiff to the workhouses and Factories of London. Jordan's most recent project "Maiden, Mother, Crone" looks specifically at how pagan archetypes affect the roles and perceptions of women in the present day.

paragraph: Along with her own releases, Jordan has performed and written with other musicians and bands as well as featuring on projects such as Capcom's soundtrack, written and arranged by Michael A. Levine. Her vocals also feature on releases from Cafe Del Mar, Breaks Co-op, The Strawpeople, and The Eden House where she contributed vocals to the album "Half Life" and was part of the band's live lineup until 2014. Her own album "The Annihilation Sequence" (2013) also features the voice of Tony Pettit and the mixing / mastering of Stephen Carey from the band.

paragraph: Between 1999 and 2005 Jordan wrote under the moniker "Dr Kevorkian & the Suicide Machine", and also performed live under this name. Two of her CDs were also released under this title, which gained her attention and a following internationally in the darkwave and steampunk scenes, and prompted a move to Germany in 2006. As well as the dark-folk, industrial and gothic scenes, Jordan has also been involved in several notable New Zealand electronic music projects including Strawpeople, Zane Lowe's Breaks Co-op project, and Baitercell and Schumacher. Reyne also performed as a vocalist on one of the scenes in Peter Jackson's second Lord of the Rings film, in a scene that depicted Theodred's funeral. This scene, however, was not included in the final edit of the film.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Birds of Prey" (1997), Lost Records, New Zealand.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ironman" (2000), Universal Music, New Zealand - as "Dr Kevorkian & the Suicide Machine".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Loneliest of Creatures" (2002), DDV Laboratories/Mediatrix, New Zealand - as "Dr Kevorkian & the Suicide Machine".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Passenger" (2004), Jayrem Records/Mediatrix, New Zealand.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "How the Dead Live" (2009). Sounz, New Zealand.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Children of a Factory Nation" (2012). Factory Nation / Believe Digital UK.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Annihilation Sequence "(2013). Factory Nation (UK).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Crone "(2014). Factory Nation (UK).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mother "(2015). Factory Nation (UK).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maiden "(2015). Factory Nation (UK).

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Breaks Co-op - "Transister" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Strawpeople - "Wire" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baitercell and Schumacher - "Leap of Faith" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Eden House - "Butterflies", "Indifference" and "The Tempest" - on the album "Half Life". Jungle Records (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Original Soundtrack - "Go Tell Aunt Rhody". Sumthing Else Music Works (2017)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: New Zealand musician

wikidata_label: Jordan Reyne

wikipedia_title: Jordan Reyne


text:
militiaman
New York
American Revolution
John André
West Point
Benedict Arnold
Benedict Arnold
American Revolution
John Paulding
David Williams
John André
Tarrytown, New York
Patriot's Park
Benedict Arnold
West Point
Fidelity Medallion
New York State
Greenburgh, New York
Elmsford
Dutch Reformed Church
Elmsford Reformed Church
Elmsford, New York
Old Dutch Reformed Church
Route 9
Westchester
Van Wert County
Westminster Abbey
Benjamin Tallmadge
Aaron Ward
Ossining
Elmsford
White Plains, New York
NY Route 22

categories: 1828 deaths,New York (state) militiamen in the American Revolution,People from Greenburgh, New York,People of New York (state) in the American Revolution,American people of Dutch descent,People of colonial New York,Continental Army soldiers,Van Wert County, Ohio,1762 births

paragraph: Isaac Van Wart

paragraph: Isaac Van Wart (October 25, 1762 – May 23, 1828) was a militiaman from the state of New York during the American Revolution. In 1780, he was one of three men who captured British Major John André, who was convicted and executed as a spy for conspiring with treasonous Continental general and commandant of West Point Benedict Arnold. Benedict Arnold.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolution.

paragraph: A yeoman farmer, Van Wart joined the volunteer militia when New York was a battle zone of the American Revolution. Overnight on 22–23 September 1780, he joined John Paulding and David Williams in an armed patrol of the area. The three men seized a traveling British officer, Major John André in Tarrytown, New York, at a site now called Patriot's Park. Holding him in custody, they discovered documents of André's secret communication with Benedict Arnold. The militiamen, all yeomen farmers, refused André's considerable bribe and delivered him to Continental Army headquarters. Arnold's plans to surrender West Point to the British were revealed and foiled, and André was hanged as a spy.

paragraph: With George Washington's personal recommendation, the United States Congress awarded Van Wart, Paulding and Williams the first military decoration of the United States, the silver medal known as the Fidelity Medallion. Each of the three also received federal pensions of $200 a year, and prestigious farms awarded by New York State.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Van Wart was born in the farm country of Greenburgh, New York, near the village of Elmsford. He lived on the frontier and his birthdate is not recorded.

paragraph: Van Wart married Rachel Storm (1760–1834), a daughter of Elmsford's most prominent family (from whom the settlement's original name, "Storm's Bridge", was derived). He divided his time between his family, his farm, and his church (he became an elder deacon of the Dutch Reformed Church). Van Wart was buried in the cemetery of the Elmsford Reformed Church in Elmsford, New York. His tombstone said that he died at the age of sixty-nine.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Van Wart died in Elmsford and is buried in the cemetery of the Old Dutch Reformed Church on Route 9. A marble and granite monument was erected at his grave on 11 June 1829, bears the single emphatic word "FIDELITY", followed by this epitaph,

paragraph: The three militiamen were highly celebrated in their lifetimes: commemorations large and small abound in Westchester, and can be found in many disparate parts of the early United States. Among other honors, each of the men had his name given to a county in the new state of Ohio (1803): Van Wert County, bearing a common alternate spelling of the name, is in the northwest corner of the state.

paragraph: Still, Van Wart and the others did see their reputations impugned by some. André at his trial had insisted the men were mere brigands; sympathy for him remained in some more aristocratic American quarters (and grew to legend in England, where he was buried in Westminster Abbey). Giving voice to this sympathy, Representative Benjamin Tallmadge of Connecticut persuaded Congress to deny the men a requested pension increase in 1817, publicly assailing their credibility and motivations. Despite the slight, the men's popular acclaim continued to grow throughout the 19th century to almost mythic status. Some modern scholars have interpreted the episode as a major event in early American cultural development, representing the apotheosis of the common man in the new democratic society.

paragraph: Van Wart and his companions are honored on the monument erected at the site of the capture in Tarrytown, dedicated on June 11, 1829, by the Revolutionary general and congressman Aaron Ward of nearby Ossining. A Van Wart Avenue is located on the south side of Tarrytown, near the Tappan Zee Bridge. Three streets in the neighboring village of Elmsford, New York, are named for the militiamen, with Van Wart Street being one of the village's main roads. White Plains, New York, has a Van Wart Avenue in the southwest section of the city, off NY Route 22.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Genealogical and Family History of Southern New York and the Hudson River Valley" (1913) Volume II, p. 457

description: American militiaman

wikidata_label: Isaac Van Wart

wikipedia_title: Isaac Van Wart


text:
VD
DL
JP
British
Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare
Home Secretary
Rugby School
Friedrich Wilhelm University
Berlin
Welch Regiment
Volunteer Decoration
University College
National Museum Wales
Justice of the Peace
Glamorgan
Deputy Lieutenant
Royal Scots
First World War
Clarence
Pamela Digby

categories: People educated at Rugby School,Deputy Lieutenants of Glamorgan,Humboldt University of Berlin alumni,1851 births,Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,1929 deaths

paragraph: Henry Bruce, 2nd Baron Aberdare

paragraph: Henry Campbell Bruce, 2nd Baron Aberdare VD, DL, JP (19 June 1851 – 20 February 1929), styled The Honourable from 1873 to 1895, was a British soldier and peer.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Bruce was the eldest son of Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare, who had served as Home Secretary. His mother Annabella was his father's first wife and the daughter of Richard Beadon. He was educated at Rugby School and at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin. In 1895, he succeeded his father as baron.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: His military career, by virtue of his status in the nobility, was started early: he served in the Welch Regiment and became a major of the 3rd Battalion in 1899. A year later he was appointed its honorary lieutenant-colonel and in 1910 honorary colonel of the 5th Battalion. Later Bruce was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the 3rd Battalion. He was decorated with the Volunteer Decoration.

paragraph: Bruce was president of University College as well as of the National Museum Wales. He was a Justice of the Peace, assigned to Glamorgan and represented the county first as Deputy Lieutenant from December 1901, later as Vice Lord Lieutenant.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He married Constance Mary, daughter of Hamilton Beckett in 1880. The couple eventually had nine children together, five sons and four daughters. His oldest son and heir apparent Henry was commissioned a captain in the 3rd Battalion, Royal Scots, but was killed in action soon after the First World War broke out. Bruce died himself in 1929 and was succeeded in the barony by his second son Clarence.

paragraph: His Granddaughter Hon. Pamela Digby became American Ambassador to France.

description: 2nd Baron Aberdare

wikidata_label: Henry Bruce, 2nd Baron Aberdare

wikipedia_title: Henry Bruce, 2nd Baron Aberdare


text: GBE

text: cricket

text: tennis player

text: golf

text: Henry Bruce, 2nd Baron Aberdare

text: Twyford School

text: Winchester College

text: New College, Oxford

text: barrister

text: Inner Temple

text: World War I

text: British Army

text: heir apparent

text: captain

text: colonel

text: Glamorgan Yeomanry

text: 2nd Life Guards

text: 61st (2nd South Midland) Division

text: Guards Machine Gun Regiment

text: RA

text: major

text: Surrey Home Guards

text: World War II

text: real tennis

text: Olympics

text: International Olympic Committee

text: 1948 Summer Olympics

text: New College Society

text: Yugoslavia

categories: 1885 births,British Life Guards officers,British Army personnel of World War I,Alumni of New College, Oxford,People educated at Winchester College,Wales cricketers,British sports executives and administrators,Members of the Inner Temple,Gentlemen of England cricketers,Knights of Grace of the Order of St John,People educated at Twyford School,Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,English male tennis players,Road incident deaths in Yugoslavia,1957 deaths,British Home Guard officers,English cricketers,Oxford University cricketers,Deaths by drowning,Middlesex cricketers,Harlequins cricketers,Glamorgan Yeomanry officers,Gentlemen cricketers,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire,International Olympic Committee members

paragraph: Clarence Bruce, 3rd Baron Aberdare

paragraph: Clarence Napier Bruce, 3rd Baron Aberdare, GBE (2 August 1885 – 4 October 1957), styled The Honourable from 1895 to 1929, was a British military officer, cricketer, tennis player, and also an excellent golfer. He was the second son of Henry Bruce, 2nd Baron Aberdare.

paragraph: Bruce received his education at Twyford School, Winchester College and at New College, Oxford, and was admitted as a barrister of the Inner Temple; however, when World War I broke out, he decided to enter the British Army. His elder brother was killed in action in 1914, making him heir apparent to his father's barony.

paragraph: Lord Aberdare, who would rise to the substantive rank of captain (and would become an honorary colonel) in World War I, served variously in the Glamorgan Yeomanry, the 2nd Life Guards, the headquarters of the 61st (2nd South Midland) Division and in the Guards Machine Gun Regiment; in 1919, immediately after the armistice, he was promoted to captain. He inherited the barony in 1929. He served as the honorary colonel of the 77 (later 282) (Welsh) Heavy AA Brigade, RA from 1930 to 1952; during this period, he additionally served as major of the 11th Battalion, Surrey Home Guards during World War II. Between the two world wars, he was an active real tennis player. Bruce was U.S.A. Amateur Champion in 1930 and of the British Isles in 1932 and 1938. He played eighteen times for Great Britain in the Bathurst Cup and six times won the Coupe de Paris. He carried off the M.C.C. Gold Prize on five occasions and nine times won the Silver Prize.

paragraph: In 1937, Aberdare was appointed chairman of the National Fitness Council, the first attempt at a Sports Council in England. It quickly established 22 area committees to help with its aim of promoting a fit population. It was funded by the Department of Education and provided capital grants for new facilities and other grants to help with the appointment of trainers and leaders. It had a difficult two years before being dissolved in October 1939. These included liaison with existing statutory and voluntary organisations. In absorbing the Juvenile Organisations Committee and its local committees it alienated many who had worked towards bridging the gap between recreation provided at school and to the wider community (14–20 age group). In addition there was much support for compulsory physical training as opposed to the Council's approach of a voluntary ethos.

paragraph: Simultaneously, Aberdare played an active role in the organisation of the Olympics; he served on the International Olympic Committee, and on the organising committee of the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. He was a key player in the decision to send British athletes to Hitler's 1936 Olympics, asserting that "neither nor his colleagues 'had yet heard of a genuine case of an Olympic athlete being boycotted or impeded because of his non-Aryan origin'", this despite Nazi Germany's overtly stated anti-semitism. He served in many physical education and sportsmen's clubs, and was also be a member of the New College Society. In 1948, he was created a Knight of the Order of St John of Jerusalem, and a Commander of the Order of the British Empire a year later. In 1954, he was additionally created a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire.

paragraph: His death was caused by drowning after his car fell over a precipice in Yugoslavia into three feet of water in a river bed on 4 October 1957 at the age of 72.

paragraph: Section::::External reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ed. Charles Mosley. "Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage". Copyright 2003; Burke's Peerage and Gentry: Wilmington, Delaware.

description: British military officer and tennis player

wikidata_label: Clarence Bruce, 3rd Baron Aberdare

wikipedia_title: Clarence Bruce, 3rd Baron Aberdare


text:
tsar
Bulgaria
Peter I of Bulgaria
Maria
Romanos I Lekapenos
Constantinople
Nikephoros II Phokas
Sviatoslav I of Kiev
Kievan invasion
John Skylitzes
Kometopouloi
Macedonia
Thrace
Battle of Arkadioupolis
John I Tzimiskes
Balkan
Moesia
Preslav
Silistra
Byzantine court title
magistros
Kometopouloi
David
Moses
Aron
Samuel
Kedrenus
John I Tzimisces
Maria
Tsar Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria
Christian Settipani
Krum
Basil II
Constantine VIII

categories: Prisoners of war held by the Byzantine Empire,977 deaths,10th-century Bulgarian emperors,931 births,Krum's dynasty,Magistroi

paragraph: Boris II of Bulgaria

paragraph: Boris II () was emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 969 to 977 (in Byzantine captivity from 971).

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Boris II was the eldest surviving son of Emperor Peter I of Bulgaria and Maria (renamed Eirene) Lekapena, a granddaughter of Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos of Byzantium. Boris had been born by 931, when he had visited Constantinople together with his mother.

paragraph: Nothing else is known of Boris II's life until 968, when he went to Constantinople again to negotiate a peace settlement with Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas, and apparently to serve as an honorary hostage. This arrangement was intended to put an end to the conflict between Bulgaria and Byzantium, who would now join forces against Prince Sviatoslav I of Kiev, whom the Byzantine emperor had pitted against the Bulgarians. In 969 a new Kievan invasion defeated the Bulgarians again and Peter I abdicated to become a monk. In circumstances that are not entirely clear, Boris II was allowed to return to Bulgaria and sit on his father's throne. ("The later Byzantine chronicle of John Skylitzes confounds this with a later event, in which Boris and his brother escaped Constantinople after the so-called rebellion of the Kometopouloi in Macedonia.")

paragraph: Boris II was unable to stem the Kievan advance, and found himself forced to accept Sviatoslav of Kiev as his ally and puppet-master, turning against the Byzantines. A Kievan campaign into Byzantine Thrace was defeated at the Battle of Arkadioupolis in 970, and the new Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimiskes advanced northwards. Failing to secure the defense of the Balkan passes, Sviatoslav allowed the Byzantines to penetrate into Moesia and lay siege to the Bulgarian capital Preslav. Although Bulgarians and Ruses joined in defending the city, the Byzantines managed to set afire the wooden structures and roofs by missiles, and took the fortress. Boris II now became a captive of John I Tzimiskes, who continued to pursue the Kievan Army, besieging Sviatoslav in Drăstăr (Silistra), while claiming to act as Boris' ally and protector, and treating the Bulgarian monarch with due respect. After Sviatoslav had come to terms and set out for Kiev, the Byzantine emperor returned to Constantinople in triumph. Far from liberating Bulgaria as he had claimed, John brought along Boris II and his family, together with the contents of the Bulgarian imperial treasury in 971. In a public ceremony in Constantinople, Boris II was ritually divested of his imperial insignia and was given the Byzantine court title of "magistros" as compensation. The Bulgarian lands in Thrace and lower Moesia now became part of the Byzantine Empire and were placed under Byzantine governors.

paragraph: Although the ceremony in 971 had been intended as a symbolic termination of the Bulgarian empire, the Byzantines were unable to assert their control over the western provinces of Bulgaria. These remained under the rule of their own governors, and especially of a noble family led by four brothers called the "Kometopouloi" (i.e., "the sons of the Count"), named David, Moses, Aron, and Samuel. The movement was regarded as a "revolt" by the Byzantine emperor, but it apparently saw itself as a sort of regency for the captive Boris II. As they began to raid neighboring territories under Byzantine rule, the Byzantine government resorted to a stratagem intended to compromise the leadership of this "revolt". This involved allowing Boris II and his brother Roman to escape from their honorary captivity at the Byzantine court, in the hope that their arrival in Bulgaria would cause a division between the Kometopouloi and other Bulgarian leaders. As Boris II and Roman entered the region under Bulgarian control in 977, Boris II dismounted and went ahead of his brother. Mistaken for a Byzantine notable due to his attire, Boris was shot in the chest by a deaf and mute border patrol. Roman managed to identify himself to the other guards and was duly accepted as emperor.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: By his marriage to an unknown woman, Boris II had several children, as the Byzantine historian Kedrenus refers to Emperor John I Tzimisces finding ""cum coniuge et liberis Borises Bulgarorum rex"" among the Russian prisoners when he invaded Bulgaria. His children may include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- (possibly) Maria, wife of Tsar Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria; this descent has been proposed by Christian Settipani based on prosopographical and onomastic elements which appear to link Maria to the Krum dynasty.

paragraph: BULLET::::- An unnamed daughter, engaged to the Byzantine Emperor Basil II in 968

paragraph: BULLET::::- An unnamed daughter, engaged to the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VIII in 968

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John V.A. Fine Jr., "The Early Medieval Balkans", Ann Arbor, 1983.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jordan Andreev, Ivan Lazarov, Plamen Pavlov, "Koj koj e v srednovekovna Bălgarija", Sofia 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Settipani, Christian, "Continuité des élites à Byzance durant les siècles obscurs. Les princes caucasiens et l'Empire du VIe au IXe siècle", Paris: De Boccard, 2006.

description: Tsar of the Bulgarians

wikidata_label: Boris II of Bulgaria

wikipedia_title: Boris II of Bulgaria


text: Swedish

text: Italy

text: Sammy Davis Jr.

text: Carlo Ponti

text: Stockholm

text: photographer

text: Sweden

text: Rome

text: Cinecittà

text: War and Peace

text: IMDB

text: Hollywood

text: 20th Century Fox

text: The Young Lions

text: Marlon Brando

text: Montgomery Clift

text: The Hunters

text: Robert Mitchum

text: Robert Wagner

text: Murder, Inc.

text: Peter Falk

text: The Blue Angel

text: Marlene Dietrich

text: Sammy Davis Jr.

text: John F. Kennedy

text: Robert F. Kennedy

text: Frank Sinatra

text: 1960 Presidential Election

text: interracial marriage

text: William M. Kramer

text: Lola Falana

text: Megan Dodds

text: TV film

text: The Rat Pack

text: Sammy Davis Jr.

text: Don Cheadle

categories: Swedish expatriates in Italy,Swedish television actresses,Swedish expatriates in the United States,Living people,Swedish film actresses,1934 births,Converts to Judaism,People from Uppland,Swedish Jews,Actresses from Stockholm,Swedish former Christians

paragraph: May Britt

paragraph: May Britt (born Maybritt Wilkens, 22 March 1934) is a Swedish actress who had a brief career in the 1950s in Italy and later in the United States. She paused from the screen while she was married to Sammy Davis Jr. from 1960 to 1968.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Britt was discovered as a teenager by Italian filmmakers Carlo Ponti and Mario Soldati in 1951. She was then an assistant to a Stockholm photographer. The two filmmakers were in Sweden to cast a young blonde for the title role in "Jolanda, the Daughter of the Black Corsair". They came to the studio where she worked to view photographs of models. After meeting her, they offered her the part. May Britt, as she was renamed professionally, moved to Rome. As expected, she made her movie debut as the leading actress in "Jolanda, the Daughter of the Black Corsair" (1952). (Gary Fishgall, in "Gonna Do Great Things: The Life of Sammy Davis Jr.", wrote of Britt, "... she made her film debut in "Le Infideli" in 1952.")

paragraph: In the following years she worked in some ten Cinecittà productions. She also featured in the epic film "War and Peace" of 1956. IMDB

paragraph: In the late 1950s, Britt relocated to Hollywood after signing with 20th Century Fox. She starred in a few movies, including "The Young Lions" (1958) with Marlon Brando and Montgomery Clift, "The Hunters" (1958) with Robert Mitchum and Robert Wagner and "Murder, Inc." (1960) with Peter Falk, as well as a much-criticized remake of "The Blue Angel" (1959) in the legendary role first created by Marlene Dietrich in 1930.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and retirement.

paragraph: Britt married Edwin Gregson, a college student, in 1958. In 1959 she filed for divorce.

paragraph: She met Sammy Davis Jr. in 1959. They began dating, and, after a brief engagement, were married on 13 November 1960. Their wedding caused controversy. A rumor or myth was that John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy told Frank Sinatra to tell Davis not to marry May until after the 1960 Presidential Election. At that time interracial marriage was forbidden by law in 31 U.S. states, and only in 1967 were those laws (by then down to 17 states) ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court. Prior to the wedding, Britt converted to Judaism. The couple was married by Rabbi William M. Kramer. It has been confirmed, however, by Sammy and Britt's daughter Tracey, Nancy Sinatra, and documentarian Sam Pollard that this marriage resulted in President Kennedy rejecting an invitation for Davis to perform at his Inauguration.

paragraph: Once married, Britt left the movies. She and Davis had a daughter, Tracey (born 5 July 1961), and adopted two sons: Mark Sidney Davis (born 1960, adopted 4 June 1963) and Jeff (born 1963). They divorced in 1968 after Davis reportedly had an affair with dancer Lola Falana.

paragraph: After the divorce, Britt resumed working with sporadic TV guest appearances, the last in 1988. Since then she has been retired and mainly involved in painting. She currently resides in California. Her third husband, Lennart Ringquist, died in 2017.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: May Britt was portrayed by Megan Dodds in the 1998 TV film "The Rat Pack", which depicted her marriage to Sammy Davis Jr., played by Don Cheadle.

description: Swedish actress

wikidata_label: May Britt

wikipedia_title: May Britt


text: football

text: coach

text: Asia

text: ESPN Star Sports

text: Mumbai City FC

text: Indian Super League

text: Tranmere Rovers

text: University of Leeds

text: University of Canberra

text: Cambridge

text: Arabic

text: French

text: Malay

categories: Expatriate football managers in Malaysia,Expatriate football managers in India,1955 births,I-League managers,Tranmere Rovers F.C. players,Thailand national football team managers,Singapore Premier League head coaches,English footballers,English expatriates in India,Mohun Bagan A.C. managers,Home United FC head coaches,Australia women's national football team managers,Alumni of the University of Leeds,English football managers,Living people

paragraph: Steve Darby

paragraph: Stephen David Darby (born 15 January 1955) is an English football coach and former player. He is well known throughout Asia as a pundit for ESPN Star Sports and most recently the Assistant coach of Mumbai City FC in Indian Super League.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Darby started out as a goalkeeper for Liverpool Schools and FA Youth Team but never made it professionally and subsequently ended up at Tranmere Rovers before playing for teams in the US and Australia.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: Darby obtained his UEFA A Licence in 1979. He became an official FIFA Instructor for the Oceania region in 1981 and AFC Instructor 1998 and was Technical Director for the Australian Soccer Federation between 1990-1995.

paragraph: He then moved on to coach Sydney Olympic, but left in 1998 to coach Johor FA, where he enjoyed a successful spell, winning Malaysia FA Cup and league title. He left the club in 2001 to take charge of the Vietnam women's team, whom he led to a gold medal in the 2001 SEA Games.The first ever Gold medal for Vietnam in Football.

paragraph: After that, he was appointed youth team coach for Sheffield Wednesday FC under Terry Yorath, but remained there only for a season before taking over the reins at Singapore'sHome United. In his four-year tenure as Home United boss, Darby led them to a league and cup double in 2003 and also a semi-final spot in the 2004 AFC Cup. Also winning the Singapore Cup in 2005.

paragraph: At the end of his Home United contract, Darby was heavily linked to the vacant India manager's post. However, he did not take up that job, choosing instead to join Perak despite having offers from two other Malaysian clubs and a Vietnamese club.

paragraph: He led Perak to the Super Cup in 2005 a second spot in the league 2006-07 season and to the Malaysia Cup final in 2006 and an AFC Quarter final.The furthest a Malaysian club had gone in Asian Competitions at that time.

paragraph: In October 2008, he was appointed as Thailand coach and worked together with Peter Reid who was appointed Thailand Manager in August. He would stay on as coach to the newly appointed Bryan Robson and as the U-23 Team Coach, after previous coach Peter Reid left to become Coach at Stoke City.

paragraph: In 2012, he spent a year as a coaching consultant in Asia for EPL club Everton and as a football advisor to the Manipur government in India.

paragraph: In September 2013, Darby was appointed as Coach for Kelantan FC in the Malaysian Super league (MSL) He was familiar with Malaysian football as he previously coached Johor and Perak.[2]

paragraph: He coached Mumbai FC in 2014 in the inaugural Indian Super League (ISL) including players such as Nikolas Anelka, Freddie Ljungberg and Manuel Friedriche.

paragraph: In 2015, he was appointed as Technical Director of the Laos Football Federation and later as National Coach preparing for the 2018 World Cup Qualifiers. In this time Laos obtained its first World Cup points and its highest ever FIFA ranking.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Darby holds a Bachelor (Hons) in Physical Education from the University of Leeds and Post Graduate qualifications in Sports Administration from the University of Canberra. He also holds a TEFL Certificate from Cambridge. He speaks Arabic, French and a little Malay. He is married to Nguyen Thi Van Anh. Their daughter, Quinn Elsa, was born in 2005

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview in Mohun Bagan Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://mohunbaganac.com/SEPT08/news_details.php?newsid=903

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.yob4ever.com/v2/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=21

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040830/http://www.espnstar.com/studio/studio_coldetail_1464322.html

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20110810181522/http://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2011/july21stpart_2011.html#bagan_coach

description: English footballer and manager

wikidata_label: Steve Darby

wikipedia_title: Steve Darby


text:
surgeon
Obervellach
University of Vienna
Theodor Billroth
Liège
Prague
pancreatic
cyst
laryngectomy
prosthesis
larynx
fistula
tracheostomy
pharynx
suture
bowel
Dorland's Medical Dictionary
Dorland's Medical Dictionary
NCBI
Essay on Voice Prosthesis
Voice Rehabilitation After Laryngectomy

categories: Austrian male writers,University of Vienna faculty,1842 births,1903 deaths,19th-century Austrian people,People from Spittal an der Drau District,Austrian surgeons,University of Liège faculty

paragraph: Carl Gussenbauer

paragraph: Carl Gussenbauer (30 October 1842 – 19 June 1903) was an Austrian surgeon.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Gussenbauer was a native of Obervellach. He received his medical doctorate in 1867 from the University of Vienna, and after graduation worked as an assistant to Theodor Billroth. Later on, he served as professor at the universities of Liège (from 1875) and Prague (from 1878). In 1894 he returned to Vienna, where he succeeded Billroth as director of the second surgical university clinic.

paragraph: Gussenbauer was a pioneer of modern pancreatic surgery. In 1882 he performed the first successful operation of a pancreatic cyst via the external drainage technique that he developed. Prior to Gussenbauer's method, attempts at pancreatic surgery yielded negative results. Gussenbauer's external drainage procedure represented the first safe and effective solution for pancreatic cysts, and was widely used until the 1950s.

paragraph: Following Billroth's first successful laryngectomy on 31 December 1873, Gussenbauer created an external vocal prosthesis (artificial larynx) for the patient. It was a mechanism with a vibrating reed that was inserted into a fistula from a tracheostomy tube to the pharynx. It was reported that the patient spoke with an intelligible voice.

paragraph: Section::::Principal works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die traumatischen Verletzungen" (1880).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sephthämie, Pyohamie, und Pyo-Sephthämie" (1882).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beitrag zur Extirpation von Beckenknochengeschwülsten" (1891).

paragraph: Section::::Associated eponyms.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gussenbauer's suture": A figure-of-8 suture used in bowel surgery.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gussenbauer's clamp": A bar of metal for joining the fragments in ununited fracture. Dorland's Medical Dictionary (1938).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gussenbauer's operation": The cutting of an esophageal stricture through an opening above the stricture. Dorland's Medical Dictionary (1938).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NCBI Carl Gussenbauer: pioneer in pancreatic surgery.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Essay on Voice Prosthesis

paragraph: BULLET::::- Voice Rehabilitation After Laryngectomy

description: Austrian surgeon

wikidata_label: Carl Gussenbauer

wikipedia_title: Carl Gussenbauer


text: Roswell UFO Incident

text: United States Air Force

text: General Motors Institute

text: Spartan School of Aeronautics

text: Randolph Field

text: Kelly Field

text: Sandia Base

text: Mather AFB

text: George E. Stratemeyer

text: 509th Composite Group

text: Roswell Army Air Field

text: Operation Crossroads

text: 509th Bombardment Group

text: William H. Blanchard

text: Roswell UFO Incident

text: Eighth Air Force

text: Operation Sandstone

text: 22nd Bombardment Group

text: Distinguished Flying Cross

text: 19th Bombardment Group

text: 19th Bombardment Group

text: VB-13 Tarzon

text: Legion of Merit

text: Presidential Unit Citation

text: 99th Bombardment Wing

text: Westover Air Force Base

text: Silver Star

text: Legion of Merit

text: Distinguished Flying Cross

text: Bronze Star

text: Air Medal

text: Army Commendation Medal

text: Purple Heart

text: American Campaign Medal

text: World War II Victory Medal

text: Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal

text: National Defense Service Medal

text: United Nations Service Medal

text: Korean Service Medal

text: Korean War Service Medal

text: Presidential Unit Citation

categories: People from Chicago,1951 deaths,Recipients of the Legion of Merit,United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II,Recipients of the Air Medal,Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States),1916 births

paragraph: Payne Jennings Jr.

paragraph: Payne Jennings Jr. (October 26, 1916 – March 29, 1951), a World War II and Korean War veteran, probably best known for his involvement with the 1947 Roswell UFO Incident, was a highly decorated United States Air Force officer.

paragraph: Born in Chicago, Illinois, and received his high school education in La Jolla, California, and two years of technical training at the General Motors Institute of Technology in Flint, Michigan. His military training included: Spartan School of Aeronautics, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Basic Flying, Randolph Field, Texas; Advanced Flying Kelly Field, Texas; Bomb Commander Training, Sandia Base, New Mexico; and, Radar Bombing Indoctrination, Mather AFB, California.

paragraph: After receiving his commission in 1940, Jennings was assigned as flight instructor at Randolf Field; followed by Maxwell Field, Alabama; and, then Hendricks Field, Florida. At Hendricks he served as director of flying at the Combat Crew School, and commanding officer of the Instructor's School.

paragraph: Section::::World War II.

paragraph: Between April 8 and June 5, 1943 Jennings was on detached service with Headquarters, Army Air Forces, Washington, D.C. serving as pilot of the B-17 which carried the Chief of Air Staff, Major General George E. Stratemeyer, on a secret mission into nearly all the active theaters of operations, then returning to Hendricks Field.

paragraph: On July 26, 1943 he departed for duty in the India Burma Theater of Operations, where he served as chief of training and flying safety for the entire theater, and pilot to General Stratemeyer, the commanding general and chief of Operations Section (Eastern Air Command). He also supervised the air transfer of the Army Air Forces Headquarters from India to China.

paragraph: Section::::Between wars.

paragraph: In October 1945, Jennings returned to the US, where he was assigned to the 509th Composite Group stationed at the Roswell Army Air Field, New Mexico. He was assigned duty as commanding officer of the Air Transport Unit during Operation Crossroads (Bikini Atoll - Atomic Bomb Test) and served overseas from May 6 to August 19, 1945. As Commanding Officer of the Air Transport Unit, Joint Task Force One, he operated an overseas airline with terminals at Kwajelein Island, Kwajaelain Atoll, Marshall Islands and Roswell, New Mexico. His unit operated over this five-month assignment without the loss of an aircraft and without a personnel casualty. During the Able Test, then Lt. Colonel Jennings, flew in one of the B-17 mother ships that sent a radio-controlled drone through the cloud a few moments after detonation.

paragraph: Following the Crossroads project, August 23, 1946, Jennings was assigned duty as deputy commanding officer of the 509th Bombardment Group with additional duties as deputy base commander. The 509th was Heavy Bomber Air Force with nuclear strike capability that became fully operational in February 1947. On July 8, 1947, Colonel William H. Blanchard, the 509th Base Commander issued an official Army Air Force press release stating that the base intelligence office had recovered a so-called "flying disk" not far from Roswell triggering the Roswell UFO Incident. Apparently, wreckage had been found the previous week by a local rancher, and once General Roger M. Ramey was informed, he ordered it be flown to Fort Worth Army Air Field. Although, then Lt. Col. Jennings, never confirmed his involvement with any such incident, he has been repeatedly identified in numerous reports and affidavits to have been personally involved, including piloting the B-29, with the recovered and questionable wreckage, to Ft. Worth Texas.

paragraph: On December 5, 1947, Jennings was transferred to Headquarters Eighth Air Force at Fort Worth, Texas, with duties as chief of staff of the Air Task Group, (Operation Sandstone - Atomic Bomb Test). He served overseas during this project from February 8 to June 1, 1948, and was appointed commanding officer of the Air Task Group on February 10, 1948.

paragraph: From July 7, 1948, to June 30, 1949, Jennings was assigned to the 22nd Bombardment Group as B-29 Group Commander, stationed at Smoky Hill Air Force Base, Kansas; a 3-month detachment in Lakenheath, England; and later at March Air Force Base, California. He was assigned to Headquarters Squadron, 22nd Bombardment Wing on July 1, 1949, serving as group commander and wing director of operations.

paragraph: Section::::Korean War.

paragraph: On July 5, 1950, a detachment of the 22nd Bombardment Group Medium was assigned to Headquarters Far East Forces Bomber Command Yokota AFB, Tokyo, Japan, Jennings was appointed chief of combat operations and assistant deputy for operations. Soon after arrival, Jennings got immediately involved in the action. On July 13 following the first major strike of the Korean War, Jennings, in order to obtain visual reconnaissance of the destroyed Wonsan Oil Refinery, went in alone in a B-29 under a 400 ft. ceiling in the rain at 280 mph. where a nearby airdrome (enemy air strip) was strafed, a big oil tank was blown up, the city was worked over, and almost point blank exchanges with flak batteries that were firing down from nearby hills. Jennings and his crew got the reconnaissance photos and Jennings was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for the mission.

paragraph: On September 26, 1950, Jennings was promoted to full colonel and was assigned to Kadena AFB, Okinawa, Japan Headquarters, 19th Bombardment Group as group commander. In addition to overseeing command of the 19th's 28th, 30th, and 98th Squadrons, Jennings personally flew in over 28 bombing missions, several of which he led. During the initial three months of the war, the 19th performed at an intense and exceptional level of operations where the 19th continued to fly at the highest possible sortie rate that could be sustained on a seven-day week. The Group flew its 128th mission on Christmas Day since the advent of hostilities on June 25 and without a single replacement since the war started.

paragraph: In addition to being the initial bomb group to enter the Korean War, the 19th Bombardment Group had an exclusive experimental weapon, a radio-guided bomb called the VB-13 Tarzon Bomb. This huge 12,000-pound bomb required special conditioning to the underside of three B-29s, one of which was lost carrying Colonel Jennings and his crew on March 29, 1951. Apparently his B-29, #1749, lost two engines in an attempt to salvo the Tarzon Bomb at a very low altitude over the ocean, resulting in a premature detonation that took their aircraft down. After a full-scale area search, no trace of the B-29 or those on board was found, and the search was suspended on April 7, 1951. He received the Legion of Merit for his work with the Tarzon bomb program.

paragraph: By the end of the Korean War in 1953, the 19th Bombardment Group had lost 91 crew members and 20 B-29s and was awarded its ninth U.S. Presidential Unit Citation and the Korean Presidential Citation. To this day the 19th has the distinction of having been the most decorated unit in the Strategic Air Command and one of the most decorated units in U.S. Military Service.

paragraph: In his honor, The Payne Jennings Trophy was created and awarded to the bombardment or strategic reconnaissance wings that won the seven competitive bomber-stream missions conducted by the Strategic Air Command's Fifteenth Air Force from October 1954 through December 1955. The trophy has since been retired and, as of 1965, was on display in the foyer of the 99th Bombardment Wing's headquarters at Westover Air Force Base, Massachusetts.

paragraph: Section::::Decorations and awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Silver Star

paragraph: BULLET::::- Legion of Merit

paragraph: BULLET::::- Distinguished Flying Cross with one Oak Leaf Cluster

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bronze Star with one Oak Leaf Cluster

paragraph: BULLET::::- Air Medal with five Oak Leaf Clusters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Army Commendation Medal with one Oak Leaf Cluster

paragraph: BULLET::::- Purple Heart

paragraph: BULLET::::- American Campaign Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- World War II Victory Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with one Silver Service Star

paragraph: BULLET::::- Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Defense Service Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- United Nations Service Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Korean Service Medal with three Bronze Service Stars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Korean War Service Medal (50th Anniversary Citation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Presidential Unit Citation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aviation Badge "Senior Pilot" Wings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Foreign Award - Honorary Chinese Air Force Wings

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hessemann/Mantle, Beyond Roswell, pages 31 & 59

paragraph: BULLET::::- Randle/Schmitt, UFO Crash at Roswell, pages 54, 81-83

paragraph: BULLET::::- Berlitz/Moore, Roswell Incident, pages 45, 46 & 48

description: Recipient of the Purple Heart medal

wikidata_label: Payne Jennings, Jr.

wikipedia_title: Payne Jennings Jr.


text:
Scottish
marimba
percussionist
composer
St Mary's Music School
St Mary's Music School
Juilliard
National Youth Orchestra of Scotland
Dame Evelyn Glennie
Ney Rosauro
Joseph Gramley
Glamis Castle
Ney Rosauro
University of Miami
Kingdom Championship Brass Band

wikipedia_title:
Scottish people
Marimba
Percussion instrument
Composer
St Mary's Music School
St Mary's Music School
Juilliard School
National Youth Orchestra of Scotland
Evelyn Glennie
Ney Rosauro
Joseph Gramley
Glamis Castle
Ney Rosauro
University of Miami
Kingdom Brass

categories: People from Dundee,People educated at St Mary's Music School,1985 births,Scottish composers,Living people

paragraph: Gillian Maitland

paragraph: Gillian Maitland (born 26 September 1985) is a Scottish marimba soloist, percussionist and composer.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Maitland's musical life began when she started drum kit lessons at the age of 12. She quickly progressed, adding piano and saxophone to the mix. When she was 16, she was accepted to the prestigious St Mary's Music School in Edinburgh as their first ever percussionist where the school build a soundproofed percussion room especially. Here she had her first opportunity to study the marimba, where she advanced very quickly. In her time at St Mary's Music School, Maitland attended elite courses including Juilliard Summer Percussion Seminar, National Youth Orchestra of Scotland and Edinburgh Youth Orchestra, as well as winning many music competitions and awards for her exceptional abilities on the marimba.

paragraph: Throughout Maitland's education, she has racked up some single and long term lessons with some of the worlds most renowned percussionists. These include Dame Evelyn Glennie, Ney Rosauro, Kai Stensgaard, Joseph Gramley, Janis Potter, Nick Petrella as well as members of the percussion section of the New York Philharmonic.

paragraph: In 2005, after performing marimba to the G8 Wives at Glamis Castle and winning the award of Angus Youth Ambassador, Maitland won an exceptional £80,000 grant from the Donald Dewar Arts Awards to study with the world-renowned Ney Rosauro at the University of Miami Frost School of music. In September 2007, in her third year of studies, she was involved in a road traffic accident resulting in her left leg becoming permanently paralysed below the knee. Maitland had to return to her native Scotland to learn to walk again, with the use of an ankle foot orthotic brace. Unfortunately, due to the length of her recovery, Maitland was not able to finish her degree.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Following her long recovery process, Maitland gained the funding to purchase a five octave marimba in 2009, when she also became an official Encore Mallets Endorser. Maitland then went on to perform for Prince Charles at the 20th anniversary of Prince's Scottish Youth Business Trust.

paragraph: Maitland released her debut album 'Plocanan' in 2014. The album features both marimba and vibraphone and includes both works by Debussy and Bach, as well as contemporary. The album also has the premier recording of Robert Paterson's 'Merry Go Round' which is a 6 mallet solo published in 1990.

paragraph: In 2015, Maitland took on the roll of Head of Kingdom Percussion Academy, part of Kingdom Youth Brass Initiative where students are taught solo, ensemble and group percussion on professional equipment not commonly available in Scotland. She is also the Head of Percussion for Kingdom Championship Brass Band, based in Cowdenbeath, Fife.

paragraph: Along with performing, Maitland is also a composer and arranger of percussion music published by Southern Percussion.

paragraph: Section::::Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Plocanan" (2014)

description: Scottish percussionist, composer

wikidata_label: Gillian Maitland

wikipedia_title: Gillian Maitland


text: Cuba

text: Cardinal

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: cardinalate

text: Pope Pius XII

text: Camagüey

text: Baptized

text: confirmed

text: priest

text: Venezuela

text: Cuba

text: bachelor's in philosophy

text: Universidad Central de Venezuela

text: Capuchin

text: convent

text: Caracas

text: Seminary

text: subdiaconate

text: diaconate

text: ordained

text: priesthood

text: Cumaná

text: vicar general

text: Domestic Prelate of His Holiness

text: Vicar Capitular

text: Primate

text: Church in Cuba

text: Pope Pius XII

text: OCD

text: CP

text: co-consecrators

text: Cathedral of Havana

text: Pope Pius XII

text: Cardinal Priest

text: San Lorenzo in Lucina

text: consistory

text: College of Cardinals

text: archiepiscopal

text: pastoral letter

text: pistol-whipped

text: cardinal electors

text: Pope John XXIII

text: Communist regime

text: Fidel Castro

text: Havana

text: Colon Cemetery

wikipedia_title: Cardinal electors for the 1958 papal conclave

categories: Cardinals created by Pope Pius XII,Archbishops of Havana,Cuban cardinals,20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,1963 deaths,1879 births,Cuban religious leaders

paragraph: Manuel Arteaga y Betancourt

paragraph: Manuel Arteaga y Betancourt (December 28, 1879 – March 20, 1963) was a Cuban Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Havana from 1941 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1946 by Pope Pius XII.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Camagüey to Rosendo Arteaga Montejo and his wife Delia Betancourt Guerra. Baptized as Manuel Francisco del Corazon de Jesus on April 17, 1880 by Father Vigilio Arteaga, he was confirmed by Archbishop José María Martín de Herrera y de la Iglesia on November 17, 1882. His paternal uncle, a priest by the name of Ricardo Arteaga Montejo, took Manuel to Venezuela in 1892, the former having previously left Cuba for that county for political reasons.

paragraph: Arteaga obtained his bachelor's in philosophy on June 15, 1898 from Universidad Central de Venezuela, and entered a Capuchin convent in Caracas in 1900. However, for reasons of health, he left the convent and entered the Seminary of Santa Rosa de Lima in Caracas on April 12, 1901.

paragraph: Receiving the subdiaconate and diaconate in 1902, Arteaga was eventually ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Juan Bautista Castro on April 17, 1904. He did pastoral work in Cumaná from 1906 to 1912, and then in Camagüey until 1915. Before becoming Canon Schoolmaster in 1916, Arteaga was named provisor and vicar general of the Archdiocese of Havana 1915. He was raised to the rank of Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on May 31, 1926, and Vicar Capitular of Havana on January 3, 1940.

paragraph: On December 28, 1941, Arteaga was appointed Archbishop of Havana and thus Primate of the Church in Cuba by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on February 24, 1942 from Archbishop Giorgio Caruana, with Archbishop Manuel Zubizarreta y Unamunsaga, OCD, and Bishop Eduardo Martínez y Dalmau, CP, serving as co-consecrators, in the Cathedral of Havana.

paragraph: Pope Pius XII created him Cardinal Priest of "San Lorenzo in Lucina" in the consistory of February 18, 1946, and thus the first Cuban member of the College of Cardinals. Arteaga suffered a wound to his forehead in August 1953, reported by the censored press to be from a fall in his archiepiscopal residence, and required twenty stitches. The Cardinal, in a pastoral letter that September, later explained that his injury was "a common criminal attempt" by a group of strangers, putting to rest the suspicions that he had been pistol-whipped by governmental agents who were searching his residence for hidden revolutionaries or weapons.

paragraph: He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 1958 papal conclave, which selected Pope John XXIII. Persecuted by the Communist regime of Fidel Castro, the Primate took refuge in the Argentine embassy and the Cuban nunciature from 1961 to 1962, when he was hospitalized at "San Juan de Dios" Hospital in Havana.

paragraph: Arteaga died at the same hospital a year later, at age 83. He is buried in the Colon Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Trivia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arteaga was a proponent of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista, whom he and other laypersons congratulated on taking power

paragraph: BULLET::::- He vehemently disapproved of tight and low-cut women's fashions, even forbidding such attire at weddings under pain of the ceremony's suspension.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic-Hierarchy

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Manuel Arteaga y Betancourt

wikipedia_title: Manuel Arteaga y Betancourt


text: American

text: installation artist

text: site-specific

text: Light and Space

text: Getty Center

text: Chinati Foundation

text: Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles

text: Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego

text: Guggenheim Fellowship

text: MacArthur Fellowship

text: American Academy of Arts and Letters

text: San Diego

text: Long Beach, California

text: Otis Art Institute

text: Jepson Art Institute

text: Chouinard Art Institute

text: Chouinard Art Institute

text: Lawrence Weschler

text: Southern California

text: Jori Finkel

text: New York Times

text: Michael Govan

text: Velvet Underground

text: Ferus Gallery

text: Pasadena Art Museum

text: University of California, Los Angeles

text: University of California, Irvine

text: Josef Albers

text: Dia:Chelsea

text: Pace Gallery

text: John McLaughlin

text: Light and Space

text: installation art

text: visual perception

text: John McCracken

text: James Turrell

text: Peter Alexander

text: Larry Bell

text: Craig Kauffman

text: Maria Nordman

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: Walker Art Center

text: Edward Larrabee Barnes

text: Allen Memorial Art Museum

text: Miami International Airport

text: Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego

text: Indianapolis Museum of Art

text: Swiss Re

text: Fort Wayne, Indiana

text: San Diego Federal Courthouse

text: Los Angeles County Museum of Art

text: Chinati Foundation

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: Whitney Museum

text: Old Post Office Pavilion

text: Musee d' Art Moderne de Ville

text: Musée d'Art Contemporain

text: University of Washington

text: Wellesley College

text: Two Running Violet V Forms

text: Stuart Collection

text: University of California, San Diego

text: Pasadena Civic Center District

text: Getty Center

text: Getty Center

text: Fernand Léger

text: Los Angeles County Museum of Art

text: Whitney Museum of American Art

text: The Responsive Eye

text: Bienal de São Paulo

text: Doug Wheeler

text: Fort Worth Art Center

text: Walker Art Center

text: Fogg Art Museum

text: Wright State University

text: Palomar College

text: UCLA

text: Stedelijk Museum

text: Tate Gallery

text: Documenta

text: Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles

text: Kölnischer Kunstverein

text: Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego

text: Pace Gallery

text: MacArthur Fellowship

text: James D. Phelan award

text: San Francisco Art Institute

text: Otis College of Art and Design

text: American Academy of Arts and Letters

text: Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego

text: Centre Georges Pompidou

text: J. Paul Getty Museum

text: Los Angeles County Museum of Art

text: Museum of Contemporary Art

text: Museum of Contemporary Art

text: Museum of Contemporary Art

text: Walker Art Center

text: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: Metropolitan Museum of Art

text: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

text: Whitney Museum of American Art

text: Albright-Knox Art Gallery

text: Dia Art Foundation

text: Nine Spaces Nine Trees

text: Lawrence Weschler

text: The Pace Gallery

categories: 20th-century American painters,People associated with the Los Angeles County Museum of Art,People associated with the J. Paul Getty Museum,American abstract artists,Modern painters,American male sculptors,Otis College of Art and Design alumni,American installation artists,Place of birth missing (living people),20th-century American artists,American designers,Light artists,1928 births,American male painters,Guggenheim Fellows,Sculptors from California,Art in the Greater Los Angeles Area,Living people,20th-century American sculptors,American landscape and garden designers,Minimalist artists,MacArthur Fellows

paragraph: Robert Irwin (artist)

paragraph: Robert W. Irwin (born September 12, 1928) is an American installation artist who has explored perception and the conditional in art, often through site-specific, architectural interventions that alter the physical, sensory and temporal experience of space.

paragraph: He began his career as a painter in the 1950s, but in the 1960s shifted to installation work, becoming a pioneer whose work helped to define the aesthetics and conceptual issues of the West Coast Light and Space movement. His early works often employed light and veils of scrim to transform gallery and museum spaces, but since 1975, he has also incorporated landscape projects into his practice. Irwin has conceived over fifty-five site-specific projects, at institutions including the Getty Center (1992–98), (1999–2003), and the Chinati Foundation in Marfa, Texas (2001–16). The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles mounted the first retrospective of his work in 1993; in 2008, the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego presented another, spanning fifty years in his career. Irwin received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1976, a MacArthur Fellowship in March, 1984, and was elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 2007. He lives and works in San Diego, California.

paragraph: Section::::Beginnings.

paragraph: Robert Irwin was born in 1928 in Long Beach, California, to Robert Irwin and Goldie Anderberg Irwin. After serving in the United States Army from 1946 to 1947, he attended several art institutes: Otis Art Institute in Los Angeles from 1948 to 1950, Jepson Art Institute in 1951, and Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles from 1952 to 1954. He spent the next two years living in Europe and North Africa. Between the years 1957-1958, he taught at the Chouinard Art Institute.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: In 1977, Robert Irwin wrote the following about himself:

paragraph: "I began as a painter in the middle of nowhere with few questions… My first real question concerned the arbitrariness of my paintings… I used my paintings as a step-by-step process, each new series of works acting in direct response to those questions raised by the previous series. I first questioned the mark as meaning and then even as focus; I then questioned the frame as containment, the edge as the beginning and end of what I see… consider the possibility that nothing ever really transcends its immediate environment… I tried to respond directly to the quality of each situation I was in, not to change it wholesale into a new or ideal environment, but to attend directly to the nature of how it already was. How is it that a space could ever come to be considered empty when it is filled with real and tactile events?" (Robert Irwin, 1977)

paragraph: Robert Irwin's notion of art derived from a series of experiential perceptions. As an abstract, open-minded thinker, he presented experience first as perception or sense. He concluded that a sense of knowing, or ability to identify, helped to clarify perception. For example,

paragraph: He explained later that the conception of an abstract thought occurs in the mind, through the concept of self. Following, the physical form is then recognized, communicating the form to the community. Then, the Objective compound occurs, delineating behavioral norms and artistic norms, becoming identifiable. Then the boundaries and axioms introduce logic and reasoning and decisions can be made: either inductive or deductive. Formalism follows, proving and convincing a decision about the object being perceived. The study done by Irwin suggested that:

paragraph: "…all ideas and values have their roots in experience,… they can be held separate at any point and developed directly on the grounds of function and use, both that they in fact remain relative to the condition of both our subjective and objective being."

paragraph: Robert Irwin's philosophy defined his idea of art as a series of aesthetic inquiries, an opportunity for cultural innovation, a communicative interaction with society, and as compounded historical development.

paragraph: In his book "Seeing is Forgetting the Name of the Thing One Sees", Lawrence Weschler documents Irwin's process from his early days as a youngster in Southern California to his emergence as a leader in the post-abstraction art world. Weschler describes the mystifying and often enchanting quality of these works in his book's cover notes:

paragraph: Because of the ephemeral or subtle nature of his work, this book became not just an introduction but, for many artists and art students, the primary way that Robert Irwin's work was experienced. He told Jori Finkel of the "New York Times" in 2007 that people still come up to him at lectures for book autographs. In that article, Michael Govan, the director of LACMA who previously commissioned Irwin to "design our experience" of said he believes the book "has convinced more young people to become artists than the Velvet Underground has created rockers."

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Painting.

paragraph: Irwin's early work began with painting. In 1959, he painted a series of hand-held objects and exhibited for the second time, as an individual exhibitor, at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles. The following year, 1960, he was asked to exhibit there again as well as at the Pasadena Art Museum. By that time he began a continuous series of experiments. In 1962, he began teaching at the University of California, Los Angeles and exhibited at the Ferus Gallery again. That year, he began his line paintings. He exhibited at the Ferus Gallery in 1964 and presented a different study, his dot paintings.

paragraph: Between the years 1966-1967, he began painting aluminum discs. He was invited back as an individual exhibitor to The Pace Gallery in New York. In 1968, he began teaching at the University of California, Irvine. For the next two years, he started his work with clear acrylic discs, white convex structures fixed to the wall and illuminated by lamps. In 1970, he began his work on "Columns", a series of clear acrylic columns. In 1972, he began his study on "sightlines" and "places" in the Southwest.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Light works.

paragraph: Irwin first used fluorescent light in the 1970s. His site-conditioned installation "Excursus: Homage to the Square3", a meditation on the painter Josef Albers and his explorations of color relationships, was presented at Dia:Chelsea between 1998 and 2000. It consists of 18 small rooms, divided by walls of tautly stretched scrim; the light in each room, its value depending on the distance from the windows, is enhanced by four white-and-colored double fluorescent bulbs, each hung vertically at the center of each wall. In 2015, it was reinstalled at where it will remain on view through 2017. For a 2015 exhibition at Pace Gallery in New York, he installed rows of columnar lights, coating the different tubes with colored gels that alter the transmission of light.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Installations.

paragraph: Since 1968 Irwin has focused on the site itself by creating installations in rooms, gardens, parks, museums, and various urban locales. Influenced, in particular, by the paintings of John McLaughlin, Irwin and other Light and Space artists became curious about pushing the boundaries of art and perception, in the 1970s Robert Irwin left studio work to pursue installation art that dealt directly with light and space: the basis of visual perception, in both outdoor and modified interior sites. These installations allowed for an open exploration for artist and viewer of an altered experience created by manipulating the context of environment rather than remaining with the confines of an individual work of art. Other artists involved in the Light and Space movement include John McCracken, James Turrell, Peter Alexander, Larry Bell, Craig Kauffman, Doug Wheeler, Maria Nordman, and others.

paragraph: In 1970, the Museum of Modern Art invited Irwin to create an installation. Using the entire project space, Irwin suspended a white scrim 10 feet from the ground and attached shimmering stainless steel wires to the wall. In 1971 the Walker Art Center commissioned the artist to create "Untitled (Slant/Light/Volume)" for the inaugural exhibition of its Edward Larrabee Barnes-designed building. For "Soft Wall", a 1974 installation at Pace Gallery in New York, Irwin simply cleaned and painted a rectangular gallery and hung a thin, translucent white theater scrim eighteen inches in front of one of the long walls, creating the effect of an empty room in which one wall seemed permanently out of focus. A permanent wall installation in the entrance corridor of the Allen Memorial Art Museum, the dimensions of "Untitled" (1980) exactly repeat those of the deep-set windows just opposite. In the early 1980s, Irwin was invited to participate as a collaborating artist in designs for the rejuvenation and improvement of the Miami International Airport. In 1997 he transformed a room that overlooks the Pacific at the La Jolla branch of the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego. To celebrate its 125th anniversary, the Indianapolis Museum of Art commissioned Irwin to create "Light and Space III" (2008), thereby becoming the first American museum to have a permanent indoor installation of the artist. For the piece, Irwin arranged fluorescent light bulbs in an irregular grid pattern across the walls surrounding the escalators, with a veil of scrim framing each side; as museum visitors go up and down between floors, they move through the piece. "Trifecta (Joe's Bar & Grill)", a three-story permanent light installation at Swiss Re's corporate headquarters in Fort Wayne, Indiana, was inaugurated in 2012.

paragraph: In late 2013, a 33-foot-tall acrylic column by Irwin was unveiled at the San Diego Federal Courthouse, where the artist worked with his longtime friends and collaborators, architect Martin Poirer and landscape architect Andrew Spurlock, on the courthouse's outdoor plaza. The three-story-tall acrylic column, built decades ago but never given a proper home due to a series of unforeseen circumstances, refracts light and cast colors as the sun moves through the lobby. The fabrication of the columns and the technical issues related to the material, were all executed by Jack Brogan, a central character in the evolution of the techniques in the Light and Space Movement. The challenge and technique of polishing the columns to the required transparency was invented by Brogan and remains a high water mark in the field.

paragraph: For the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), Irwin created an outdoor installation of primal palm trees ("Primal Palm Garden", 2008-2010) as well as an indoor 36-foot-long fluorescent light sculpture, "Miracle Mile" (2013), which glows behind them 24 hours a day.

paragraph: After having been working and reworking his ideas to create a giant installation for the Chinati Foundation since the early 2000s, Irwin's installation in Marfa — a U-shape construction about 10,000 square feet — will begin early 2015 and be completed and open to the public in 2016. The installation, situated at the building that had housed the former Army barracks' hospital, will be the first major installation added to the Chinati Foundation since 2004 as well as the first freestanding structure designed by Irwin that is devoted solely to his work.

paragraph: Other installations include: "Fractured Light – Partial Scrim – Eye Level" at the Museum of Modern Art, New York (1970–1971); "Black Line Room Division + Extended Forms" at the Whitney Museum, New York (1977); "48 Shadow Planes" at the Old Post Office Pavilion, Washington, D.C. (1983); "Ascending" at the Musee d' Art Moderne de Ville, Paris, France (1994); and "Double Diamond' at the Musée d'Art Contemporain, Lyon, France (1997–1998).

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Landscape projects.

paragraph: Irwin moved on to landscape projects after developing a stylistic move towards experiential space, projecting what he learned about line, color, and most of all, light onto the built environment. Since 1975 Irwin has conceived of fifty-five site projects. "9 Spaces 9 Trees" (1980–3) was originally commissioned in 1980 for the rooftop of the Public Safety Building by the Seattle Arts Commission; it was re-imagined in 2007 and sited on campus at the University of Washington. Irwin's "Filigreed Line" (1979) made for Wellesley College, Massachusetts, consists of a stainless steel line, running along a ridge of grass near a lake, in which a pattern of leaflike forms is cut. His 1983 work "Two Running Violet V Forms", two crossing blue-violet, plastic coated wire fences fixed with high poles, is featured as part of the Stuart Collection of public artwork on the campus of the University of California, San Diego. For "Sentinel Plaza" (1990) in the Pasadena Civic Center District, Irwin chose small desert plants and cacti. He later consulted on the master plan for , creating, in particular, the design and landscaping of the outdoor spaces, and the entrance building and the window design.

paragraph: He later designed and developed the Central Garden at the Getty Center in Los Angeles, built in 1997. In the Central Garden, Irwin's concept of integrating experiential relationships to the built environment is abundantly clear. Those experiential elements fill the space. This project is widely praised for its design and flow. The design features a natural ravine and tree-lined walkway that leads the visitor through an experience of sights, sounds, and scents. He selected everything in the garden to accentuate the interplay of light, color, and reflection. Planning began in 1992, as a key part of the Getty Center project. Since the Center opened in 1997, the Central Garden has evolved as its plants have grown. Irwin's statement, "Always changing, never twice the same," is carved into the plaza floor, reminding visitors of the ever-changing nature of this living work of art. To the artist's dismay, a 1950s Fernand Léger sculpture was placed on the garden's plaza.

paragraph: Irwin recently completed the second phase of the installation of a primordial Palm Garden at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art which began in 2007. The Palm Garden is arranged in a "T" shape with the east-west axis running between and around, both the Broad Contemporary Art Museum and the Resnick Pavilion. The north-south axis terminates with a grid of date palms serving as a counterpoint to artist Chris Burden's "Urban Light" installation. Irwin has long been intrigued with how palm trees capture and reflect Southern California light; designing the Palm Garden provided Irwin with an opportunity to work with both the phenomenal and cultural perceptions of palms. Individual species of palms are planted in Cor-Ten boxes, modern and formalized versions of common wood nursery boxes. The sculptural containers make reference to the pedestal bases traditionally signifying art objects. Irwin's use of palm trees considers the ubiquitous and iconic connection between the palm tree and images of Los Angeles.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: Irwin first exhibited paintings at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1957. The exhibit was called "Artists of Los Angeles and Vicinity." That same year, he participated in the 57th Annual Exhibition of the Whitney Museum of American Art, in New York. That same year, he had his first individual exhibition at the Felix Landau Gallery in Los Angeles.

paragraph: In 1965, he participated in an exhibition called "The Responsive Eye" at the Museum of Modern Art in New York and at another called "XIII" in Bienal de São Paulo, Brazil. In 1966, he exhibited both as an individual and with Kenneth Price at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and as an individual exhibitor later at The Pace Gallery in New York. In 1969, Irwin exhibited with Doug Wheeler at the Fort Worth Art Center in Fort Worth, Texas. In 1970, he first exhibited scrim "volumes" at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. For the next five years, he exhibited individually at the following locations: the Pace Gallery in New York, the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, the Minuzo and Ace Galleries in Los Angeles, the Fogg Art Museum on the Harvard Campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, the University of California at Santa Barbara, Fort Worth Art Center, and Palomar College in San Marcos, California. He participated in several joint exhibitions: "Transparency, Reflection, Light, Space: Four Artists" at the UCLA Art Gallery in Los Angeles and "Some Recent American Art" at the Museum of Modern Art exhibition for Australia. He also exhibited internationally: "Kompas IV" at Stedelijk Museum in Eindhoven, with other artists, Bell and Wheeler, at the Tate Gallery in London, and Documenta at Kassel in Germany.

paragraph: In 1993, the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles mounted the first comprehensive retrospective of Irwin's career; the exhibition later traveled to the Kölnischer Kunstverein, the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, and the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía. In 2008, the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego presented another comprehensive retrospective spanning fifty years of Irwin's career.

paragraph: Irwin has been represented by Pace Gallery, New York, since 1966.

paragraph: Section::::Recognition.

paragraph: Irwin was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 1984, making him the first artist to receive the five-year fellowship, which lasted until 1989. He has also been the recipient of a John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship (1976), the Chaloner award, the James D. Phelan award (1954), and the Thomas Jefferson Foundation medal in architecture awarded by the University of Virginia School of Architecture (2009). He holds Honorary Doctorates from the San Francisco Art Institute (1979) and the Otis College of Art and Design (1992). Irwin was elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 2007. That same year he had a residency at the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego.

paragraph: Section::::Collections.

paragraph: Irwin's work is held in more than thirty public collections worldwide, including the Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris; the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles; the Los Angeles County Museum of Art; the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles; the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago; Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego; the Walker Art Center, Minneapolis; Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, Madrid, Spain; the Museum of Modern Art, New York; the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York; the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo; and the Dia Art Foundation, New York.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nine Spaces Nine Trees", University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lawrence Weschler. "Seeing is forgetting the name of the thing one sees." University of California Press; 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irwin, Robert, Hugh Marlais Davies, and Leonard Feinstein. Robert Irwin: Primaries and Secondaries. San Diego, CA: Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego, 2008. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shiyan LI, "Robert Irwin : Du "raku" à l'ouverture au monde"(p. 161-212) in "Le vide dans l'art du XXe siècle : Occident/Extrême-Orient (The Emptiness in the Art of the 20th Century : West - Far East)", Presses Universitaires de Provence, France, Collection : Histoire, théorie et pratique des arts, 2014, 344p.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Pace Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- President's lecture: Irwin lecture at Rice University in 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- UCSD Russell Lecturer: Robert Irwin lecture at MCASD La Jolla (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Artist of Space, Light and Now Trees" by Jori Finkel. New York Times article of October 24, 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daily Gusto review of Weschler's bio of Robert Irwin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Irwin papers, 1970-2011. Research Library at the Getty Research Institute. Los Angeles, California.

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Robert Irwin

wikipedia_title: Robert Irwin (artist)


text: Pontedera

text: Orvieto

text: Italian

text: sculptor

text: architect

text: goldsmith

text: Mino di Giovanni

text: Pisa

text: Florence

text: Giotto di Bondone

text: Baptistery in Florence

text: John the Baptist

text: Florence Cathedral

text: great campanile

text: Orvieto Cathedral

text: Lorenzo Maitani

text: modern art

text: Byzantine

text: Nino

text: Giorgio Vasari

text: Lives

text: Andrea Orcagna

text: Giovanni di Balduccio

text: Sant'Eustorgio

categories: Italian sculptors,1290 births,1340s deaths,Italian male sculptors,14th-century Italian architects,People from the Province of Pisa

paragraph: Andrea Pisano

paragraph: Andrea Pisano (Pontedera 12901348 Orvieto) also known as Andrea da Pontedera, was an Italian sculptor and architect.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Pisano first learned the trade of a goldsmith. Pisano then became a pupil of Mino di Giovanni, about 1300, and worked with him on the sculpture for S. Maria della Spina at Pisa and elsewhere. He made his chief works in Florence, and the formation of his mature style was due rather to Giotto di Bondone than to his earlier master. Of the three world-famed bronze doors of the Baptistery in Florence, the earliest one on the south side was Pisano's work; he started it in 1330 and finished in 1336. It consists of a number of small quatrefoil panels, the lower eight containing single figures of the Virtues, and the rest scenes from the life of John the Baptist.

paragraph: Andrea Pisano, while living in Florence, also produced many important works of marble sculpture, all of which strongly show Giotto's influence. In 1340 he succeeded Giotto as Master of the Works of Florence Cathedral. There he produced a series of reliefs, possibly designed by his former teacher, including the double band of panel-reliefs which Pisano executed for the great campanile. The subjects of these are the "Four Great Prophets", the "Seven Virtues", the "Seven Sacraments", the "Seven Works of Mercy" and the "Seven Planets". The duomo contains the chief of Pisano's other Florentine works in marble. In 1347 he became Master of the Works at Orvieto Cathedral, which had already been designed and begun by Lorenzo Maitani. These and the aforementioned doors are Pisano's only known works. Pisano also contributed to freeing modern art from Byzantine influence. He died in 1348.

paragraph: Andrea Pisano had two sons, Nino and Tommaso. Both sons eventually succeeded him as Master of the Works at Orvieto Cathedral.

paragraph: Giorgio Vasari includes a biography of Andrea Pisano in his "Lives".

paragraph: Pisano's chief pupil was Andrea di Cione, better known as Andrea Orcagna. Another pupil, Giovanni di Balduccio, executed the shrine of Sant'Eustorgio at Milan.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Panels by Andrea Pisano in Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- The bronze door of the Baptistery in Florence and other work by Andrea Pisano

alias:
di Ugolino Nini Andrea
da Pontedera Andrea
di Ser Ugolino da Pisa Andrea
Andrea di Ugolino
da Pisa Andrea
di Ugolino Andrea
Andreas Ugolino Nini
Andrea di Ugolino Nini
Andrea da Pontedera

description: Italian sculptor and architect

wikidata_label: Andrea Pisano

wikipedia_title: Andrea Pisano


href: Italy Florence

text: Italian Florence

categories: 1421 deaths,1384 births,People from Florence,15th-century Italian sculptors

paragraph: Nanni di Banco

paragraph: Nanni d'Antonio di Banco ( 1384 – 1421) was an Italian sculptor from Florence.He was born to artist Antonio Di Banco, who worked on the Cathedral of Florence in Florence, Italy ref

alias:
Nanni D'Antonio Banco
Nanni D'Antonio Di Banco
Nanni d'Antonio di Banco

description: Italian artist

wikidata_label: Nanni di Banco

wikipedia_title: Nanni di Banco


text:
English
Thirty Years' War
English Civil War
Parliamentary
Northern Association
battle of Rowton Heath
New Model Army
Thomas Fairfax
Lord Willoughby
West Indies
Thirty Years' War
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
John George of Saxony
Battle of Breitenfeld
Wallenstein's
Ferdinand II
Battle of Lützen
Battle of Nordlingen
Peace of Prague
Schorndorf
siege of Skipton
Battle of Naseby
Charles I
engagement at Rowton Heath
Shelford House
Wiverton House
siege to Newark
Lord Belasyse
4to
Thomas Fairfax's
agitator
John Lambert
Edward Massey
Amsterdam
Lord Willoughby
West Indies
Leeward Islands
Saint Kitts
Barbados
George Ayscue
Virginia
Lord Willoughby
British Museum
William Lenthall

categories: 1600s births,English generals,English memoirists,Roundheads

paragraph: Sydnam Poyntz

paragraph: Colonel General Sydnam Poyntz (bap. 3 November 1607) was an English soldier who served in the Thirty Years' War and the English Civil War.

paragraph: After continental military service, he returned to England in 1644 and became an officer in the Parliamentary army. He became commander-in-chief of the Northern Association and governor of York. He commanded the victorious Parliamentary force in the battle of Rowton Heath on 24 September 1645. The Presbyterians Parliamentary party thought him to be likely to oppose the New Model Army, but in 1647 he was sent by his soldiers a prisoner to Thomas Fairfax. He fought for London against the New Model Army in 1647, and on the collapse of his cause he fled to Holland. He accompanied Lord Willoughby to the West Indies in 1650, and probably settled in Virginia.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Poyntz was the fourth son of John Poyntz of Reigate, Surrey, and Anne Skinner, was baptised on 3 November 1607. Poyntz was originally apprenticed to a London tradesman, but, being ill-treated by his master, he took service as a mercenary soldier in Holland, and in the Thirty Years' War.

paragraph: Poyntz wrote a paper called "Relation" on his military service abroad between 1625 and 1636, and it gives some idea of what he did although D.N. Farr his biographer in the "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" warns that it is "fitfully accurate". and relates that he:

paragraph: In 1631 Poyntz fought for John George of Saxony at the Battle of Breitenfeld. He changed sides and fought as a captain in Wallenstein's army in the service of Emperor Ferdinand II at the Battle of Lützen in 1632. He remained in the Imperial army and the following year he campaigned in Silesia and was present at the Battle of Nordlingen in 1634. He left the army and Germany after the Peace of Prague in 1636. His time in Germany was lucrative and he bought an estate probably in the vicinity of Schorndorf. He returned to England that year and wrote his "Relation", but when he failed to fined employment as a soldier in England, it is likely that he returned to the continent to find further employment in the Thirty Years' War. He may have risen to the rank of sergeant-major, and may have been knighted on the battle-field.

paragraph: Poyntz returned to England no later than 1644, and on 27 May 1645 was ordered by the House of Commons to have the command of a regiment of horse and a regiment of foot in the army raised by the seven associated northern counties. He was also appointed commander-in-chief of the forces of the northern association, with the title of colonel-general, and, on 19 August, governor of York. On taking command, Poyntz found his troops mutinous for want of pay, and at the siege of Skipton was more in danger from his own men than from the enemy. He was ordered after Battle of Naseby (14 June 1645) to follow King Charles I movements, and succeeded in forcing him to an engagement at Rowton Heath, near Chester, on 24 September. Charles lost about eight hundred men killed and wounded and fifteen hundred prisoners. The House of Commons voted Poyntz a reward of £500. He next captured Shelford House and Wiverton House in Nottinghamshire, and then laid siege to Newark. He was still besieging Newark when Charles I took refuge in the camp of the Scottish army there, of which Poyntz at once informed the Speaker William Lenthall. At the request of Charles I the commander of the Newark garrison Lord Belasyse agreed terms and surrendered Newark on 8 May to Poyntz.

paragraph: In February 1646 Poyntz published a vindication of himself, in which he included an account of his earlier life as well as of his recent services ("The Vindication of Colonel-General Poyntz against the false and malicious slanders secretly cast forth against him" , 1645–1646, 4to). Parliament, however, was so satisfied with his conduct that he was voted £300 a year, and it was decided that his regiment of horse should be one of four to be retained at the general disbanding of the army. The Presbyterian leaders relied upon Poyntz and his troops to oppose the Independents of the New Model Army, but the soldiers of the northern association entered into communication with those of Lord General Thomas Fairfax's New Model Army, and, in spite of the orders of their commander, held meetings and elected agitators. Poyntz was seized by the agitators on 8 July 1647 and sent a prisoner to Fairfax's headquarters, charged with endeavouring to embroil the kingdom in a new war. He was released by Fairfax on parole; but the latter, who now became commander-in-chief of all the land forces in the service of Parliament, appointed Colonel John Lambert to take command in the north.

paragraph: At the end of July 1647 an open breach took place between the Parliament in London and the New Model Army. The common council chose Major-general Edward Massey to command the forces of the city, and Poyntz, who was also given a command, actively assisted in enlisting "reformadoes". On 2 August Poyntz and other officers dispersed a body of citizens who brought to the common council a petition "praying that some means might be used for a composure". According to the newspapers, they hacked and hewed many of the petitioners with their swords and "mortally wounded divers".

paragraph: On the collapse of the resistance of London, Poyntz fled to Holland, publishing, in conjunction with Massey, a declaration "showing the true grounds and reasons that induced them to depart from the city, and for a while from the kingdom". "Finding", said they, "all things so uncertain, and nothing answering to what was promised or expected, we held it safer wisdom to withdraw to our own friends".

paragraph: On 14 May 1648 Poyntz wrote to the Speaker of the House of Commons from Amsterdam, begging that he might at least receive the two months' pay voted to his forces when they were disbanded. "When I peruse the letters which I have formerly received from both houses of parliament, with all their great promises and engagements to me, never to forget the great services which I have done them … it would almost make a man desperate to see how I am deserted and slighted in place of the great rewards which the honourable houses were pleased to promise me".

paragraph: Receiving no answer to this or previous appeals, Poyntz in 1650 accompanied Lord Willoughby to the West Indies, and there became governor of the Leeward Islands, establishing himself on Saint Kitts. When Willoughby surrendered Barbados to the Parliamentary fleet under Sir George Ayscue, Poyntz found Saint Kitts untenable, and retired to Virginia. The articles between Willoughby and Ayscue contain a clause permitting Poyntz to go to Antigua along with other gentlemen having estates there. Some authorities have stated that in 1661 he was again appointed governor of Antigua, and held the post until superseded by Lord Willoughby in 1663, but no trace of his tenure of office appears among the colonial state papers. It is added that he then retired to Virginia, but this is not known for sure, and he may have remained in Virginia, dying there at some unknown date.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Poyntz was the author of the following pamphlets:

paragraph: BULLET::::- The "Vindication" (1645/6).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Vindication of Colonel-general Poyntz against the Slanders cast forth against him by the Army; with the barbarous manner of the Adjutator's surprisal of him at York", 4to, 1648 [no place].

paragraph: The British Museum Catalogue also gives a list of letters by Poyntz, which were printed in pamphlet form between 1645 and 1647. Some unprinted letters by Poyntz are to be found among the Tanner MSS. in the Bodleian Library, and among the manuscripts of the Duke of Portland.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In about 1633 Poyntz married firstly a rich German merchant's daughter who died in childbirth before 1635.

paragraph: In 1635 Poyntz married another German, Anne Eleanora de Court Stephanus de Cary in Würtemberg. Anne and their child was killed by French troops returning from Italy probably while passing through his estate near Schorndorf.

paragraph: It is possible that he married his third wife while living abroad because in a letter to Speaker of the House of Commons, William Lenthall, in 1647 she mentions that "stranger in your kingdom" and signed her name as Elisabeth.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Attribution:

description: British general

wikidata_label: Sydnam Poyntz

wikipedia_title: Sydnam Poyntz