text:
ri
gal
Kassite
Babylon
Kadašman-Ḫarbe
Kurigalzu II
Susa
Elam
Chronicle P
Ige-Halki
Šulgi
Ur
Inanna
Amarna letters
Thutmose IV
Amenhotep III
Kadašman-Enlil
Burna-Buriaš II
Akhenaten
EA 9
Tutankhamen
Canaan
Mitanni
Arzawa
Vorderasiatisches Museum
Meli-Šipak
Nabu-apla-iddina
Hittite
Marduk-apla-iddina I
Ur
Ur-Nammu Stela
Dur-Kurigalzu
lapis lazuli
Rawlinson
Seton Lloyd
Taha Baqir
[Il]i-ippašra
Kadašman-Enlil I
Enlil
Nippur
Ištar
Anu
Metsamor
cylinder seal
Hurrian
nišakku
Enlil-bānī land grant kudurru

categories: Babylonian kings,Kassite kings,14th-century BC Babylonian kings,14th-century BC people,15th-century BC Babylonian kings,1370s BC deaths

paragraph: Kurigalzu I

paragraph: Kurigalzu I (died c. 1375 BC), usually inscribed "ku-ri-gal-zu" but also sometimes with the or determinative, the 17th king of the Kassite or 3rd dynasty that ruled over Babylon, was responsible for one of the most extensive and widespread building programs for which evidence has survived in Babylonia. The "autobiography of Kurigalzu" is one of the inscriptions which record that he was the son of Kadašman-Ḫarbe. "Galzu", whose possible native pronunciation was "gal-du" or "gal-šu", was the name by which the Kassites called themselves and Kurigalzu may mean "Shepherd of the Kassites" (line 23. "Ku-ur-gal-zu" = "Ri-'-i-bi-ši-i", in a Babylonian name-list).

paragraph: He was separated from his namesake, Kurigalzu II, by around forty-five years and as it was not the custom to assign regnal numbers and they both had lengthy reigns, this makes it exceptionally difficult to distinguish for whom an inscription is intended. The later king is, however, better known for his military campaign against the Assyrians than any building work he may have undertaken. It is now thought, however, that it was he who was the Kurigalzu who conquered Susa and was perhaps instrumental in the ascendancy of the Igehalkid dynasty over Elam, ca. 1400 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Conquest of Elam.

paragraph: When Ḫur-batila, possibly the successor of Tepti Ahar to the throne of Elam, began raiding the Babylonian Empire, he taunted Kurigalzu to do battle with him at Dūr-Šulgi. Kurigalzu launched a campaign which resulted in the abject defeat and capture of Ḫur-batila, who appears in no other inscriptions. He went on to conquer the eastern lands of Susiana and Elam, recorded in the "Chronicle P" out of sequence and credited to his later name-sake. This took his army to the Elamite capital, the city of Susa, which was sacked, celebrated in two inscriptions found there bearing his name. It is thought that he may have installed as his vassal, Ige-Halki, the founder of the new dynasty. A small agate tablet, bored lengthways to make a pendant, is engraved with nine lines of Sumerian on one side, the other side bearing an older dedication of the mother of king Šulgi of Ur (2029 – 1982 BC, short chronology) to Inanna:

paragraph: The tablet was recovered from Elam during Kurigalzu’s campaign and discovered in a cache of votive inscriptions at Nippur, but was ascribed to Kurigalzu II by earlier historians.

paragraph: Section::::Diplomacy.

paragraph: Section::::Diplomacy.:Through correspondence.

paragraph: Prior diplomatic correspondence is evident, from study of the Amarna letters and includes evidence of dialogue between Thutmose IV and Kurigalzu as attested to by Amenhotep III in his letter, designated EA 1 (EA for "El Amarna"), to Kadašman-Enlil. Burna-Buriaš II reminded Akhenaten in his letter, EA 11, that Kurigalzu had been sent gold by one of his ancestors, and, in EA 9, reminded Tutankhamen that Kurigalzu had turned down a request from the Canaanites to form an alliance against Egypt.

paragraph: Section::::Diplomacy.:Through marriage.

paragraph: He gave his daughter to Amenhotep III, who was a serial practitioner of diplomatic marriages with two Mitannite princesses and one from Arzawa in his harem, and who would even later go on to wed Kurigalzu's granddaughter, the daughter of Kadašman-Enlil.

paragraph: A Neo-Babylonian copy of a literary text which takes the form of a letter, now located in the Vorderasiatisches Museum in Berlin, is addressed to the Kassite court by an Elamite King and details the genealogy of the Elamite royalty of this period. Apparently, he married his sister to the Elamite king Paḫir-iššan, the son of Ige-Halki, and a daughter to his successor, Ḫumban-numena. This may have been Mishim-ruh, who is cited in royal inscriptions. The princess went on to bear Untash-Napirisha, the next king who was destined to marry Burna-Buriaš’ daughter. The author of the letter is thought to be Shutruk-Nahhunte, ca. 1190-1155 BC, who claims descent from Kurigalzu’s eldest daughter and also wed the eldest daughter of Meli-Šipak, the 33rd Kassite king. Unfortunately the letter inserts Nabu-apla-iddina (888 – 855 BC) “an abomination, son of a Hittite”, into the narrative in the place one might have supposed that Marduk-apla-iddina I was to appear, the substitution of by being an unlikely slip of the stylus, making a chronological conundrum and this may be the purpose of the “letter”, to denigrate the later king through the tongue of the earlier one.

paragraph: Section::::Building works.

paragraph: Kurigalzu’s construction efforts are attested to at no less than eleven Babylonian cities. He was responsible for rebuilding the Ningal Temple at Ur, incorporating fragments of the Ur-Nammu Stela in buildings on the ziggurat terrace, the Edublal-Maḫ of Sîn buildings, or “house for hanging up the exalted tablets”, and the building of the gateway.

paragraph: He was the first king to build a royal residence bearing his name, a new capital city founded over an older settlement and built around 1390 BC, named Dur-Kurigalzu, or 'fortress of Kurigalzu', in the far north of Babylonia (modern "‘Aqar Qūf"). It was positioned to protect an important trade route that led east across the Iranian plateau to Afghanistan, the source of lapis lazuli. The 170-foot-high ziggurat of Enlil can still be seen on the western outskirts of Baghdad, with its reinforcing layers of reed matting and bitumen and the remains of three temples at its foot. Rawlinson first identified the site in 1861 from the brick inscriptions. Excavated in 1942–45 by Seton Lloyd and Taha Baqir, the city covered 225 hectares and included the Egal-kišarra, or “Palace of the Whole World”, a vast palatial and administrative complex.

paragraph: In an adoption contract which sternly warns the adoptee, “If [Il]i-ippašra says, ‘you are not my father’, they shall shave his head, bind him and sell him for silver,” the date formula used, “in the month of Šabatu, the 19th day, the year Kurigalzu, the king, built the Ekurigibara,” predates that which was introduced during the reign of Kadašman-Enlil I and that had become "de rigueur" by the later reign of Kurigalzu II. The Ekurigibara of Enlil was a temple in Nippur.

paragraph: Section::::The autobiography of Kurigalzu.

paragraph: A neo-Babylonian copy of a text recording the endowment by Kurigalzu, son of Kadašman-Ḫarbe, of a temple of Ištar with an estate situated on the Euphrates near Nippur, is known as the "autobiography of Kurigalzu" and comes in the form of a small hexagonal prism of light-yellow baked clay and a fragmentary cylinder. In it, he takes credit for being the

paragraph: He “caused Anu the father of the great gods to dwell in his exalted sanctuary”, which is suggested to be referring to the restoration of the Anu cult. The text lacks the linguistic features and script characteristics which would bring one to suppose it is a genuine copy of an ancient inscription and was probably created in late Babylonian times to enhance the prestige of the Ištar cult. The extent to which it preserves tradition from the actual events of the reign of Kurigalzu cannot as yet be determined.

paragraph: Section::::Other sources.

paragraph: Evidence of the stretch of Kassite influence comes to us from a tomb at Metsamor where a remarkable carnelian cylinder seal with a hieroglyphic inscription mentioning the Kassite king Kurigalzu I was found. Situated in Armenia, in the middle of the Ararat valley, Metsamor was an important Hurrian center for metal forging

paragraph: A seal is inscribed "nur-"[]-x, son of Kurigalzu, and claims the title []"en.líl", "nišakku-"priest, which is shared with others, including three governors of Nippur and other princes. He rewarded an individual with this title in a dedicatory cone known as the Enlil-bānī land grant kudurru. The precise meaning of this title and the identity of the Kurigalzu, I or II, are uncertain.

wikidata_label: Kurigalzu I

wikipedia_title: Kurigalzu I


text:
Hooghalen
Netherlands
motorcycle rider
Profile on motogp.com

categories: Moto2 World Championship riders,Dutch motorcycle racers,1989 births,Moto3 World Championship riders,125cc World Championship riders,Living people

paragraph: Jasper Iwema

paragraph: Jasper Iwema (born 15 November 1989 in Hooghalen, Netherlands) is a Dutch motorcycle rider. He previously competed in the 125cc World Championship, the FIM CEV Moto2 European Championship, the FIM CEV Moto3 Championship, the ADAC Junior Cup and the German IDM 125GP Championship.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on motogp.com

description: Dutch motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Jasper Iwema

wikipedia_title: Jasper Iwema


text: Naqshbandi

text: Daud Khel, Punjab

text: Ramadan

text: Punjab

text: Naqshbandi

text: Khwaja Muhammad Usman Damani

text: Sayyad Laal Shah Hamdani

text: Khwaja Usman

text: Khwaja Usman

text: Khwaja Sirajuddin Naqshbandi

text: Ijazah

text: dargah/Khanqah

text: Hanafi

text: Naqshbandi

text: Deobandi

text: Hanafi

text: Deobandi

text: Deoband

text: Naqshbandi

text: Pir Qureshi

text: Pir Qureshi

text: Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari

text: Pir Qureshi

text: Syed Bukhari

text: Naqshbandi

text: Syed Ata'ullah

text: Syed Bukhari

text: Sunni

text: Pir Mitha

text: Deobandi

text: Urs

text: Mawlid

text: bid‘ah

text: Moinuddin Chishti

text: Ajmer

text: qawwali

text: Moinuddin Chishti

text: Mujaddidi

text: Naqshbandi

text: Muhammad

text: Ahmad Sirhindi

text: Khwaja Abdul Ghaffar Naqshbandi

text: Pir Mitha

text: Khwaja Abdul Ghaffar Naqshbandi

text: Pir Qureshi

text: Ijazah

text: Naqshbandi

text: Khwaja Abdul Ghaffar Naqshbandi

text: Khwaja Muhammad Tahir

text: Naqshbandi

text: Khwaja Abdul Ghaffar

text: Pir Qureshi

text: Pir Qureshi

text: Khwaja Abdul Ghaffar

text: Ijazah

text: Ijazah

text: Naqshbandi

text: Khwaja Muhammad Tahir Bakhshi

text: Mawlana Abdul-Rauf Shah

text: Pir Qureshi

text: Very Short Biography in Urdu

text: Samples from his poetry

text: Few letters of Pir Fazal Ali Qureshi

categories: 20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam,Year of birth missing,Sufi teachers,Punjabi Sufi saints,People of British India,Naqshbandi order

paragraph: Fazal Ali Qureshi

paragraph: Khwaja Ghareeb Nawaz Hazrat Mawlana Pir Fazal Ali Shah Qureshi () was an Islamic scholar and the leading Naqshbandi shaikh of colonial India in the early twentieth century. He was born to Murad Ali Shah in 1270 AH (1853 or 1854) in Daud Khel, Punjab, and died at 84 in the first night of Ramadan 1354 AH (28 November 1935) and was buried at Miskeenpur shareef, district Muzaffargarh, Punjab.

paragraph: Section::::Tariqat.

paragraph: He was a shaikh of Naqshbandi Sufi order. He first went to Khwaja Muhammad Usman Damani for Ba'yah, but he was too old to take new followers. So he took the oath of allegiance with Sayyad Laal Shah Hamdani who was a khalifa of Khwaja Usman. After the death of his shaikh, he then did second oath of allegiance with the son and successor of Khwaja Usman, Khwaja Sirajuddin Naqshbandi and received Ijazah and Khilafat from him.

paragraph: Section::::Tabligh (Preaching).

paragraph: He established the first spiritual center (dargah/Khanqah) named Faqirpur shareef in 1892 AH in district Muzaffargarh, Punjab. Due to hard-to-reach location of Faqirpur, he established another spiritual center named Miskeenpur shareef in the same district, near Shahar Sultan. He lived there for the rest of his life and was buried there.

paragraph: His biographers have written that the number of days he spent in traveling for preaching, was greater than the days he spent at home. He traveled to many places of Sindh and Punjab, and also traveled to (current day) India for multiple times. He followed Hanafi school of law, and avoided the local schools of thought in India namely Deobandi Barelvi, rather followed the Naqshbandi school in all matters.

paragraph: Section::::Deobandi school.

paragraph: There are conflicting accounts from the shaikh's biography about his following the Deobandi branch of the Hanafi school of thought. Many of his followers follow this school and claim that the shaikh himself followed it. But there are others who claim that the shaikh never followed the Deobandi school, rather merely visited the Deoband Islamic school for preaching Islam and Naqshbandi tariqah. This difference of opinion is even evident in the immediate family of Pir Qureshi, where some of his grandsons follow the Deobandi school while others follow the shaykh himself and do not affiliate to the Deoband.

paragraph: Section::::Deobandi school.:Hazrat shaykh Pir Qureshi and scholars of Deoband.

paragraph: Mawlana Abdul Malik writes in Tajalliyat that once the shaykh was in madrasah of Deoband, and at the time of Zuhr prayer, Qari Muhammad Tayyab came to lead the congregation. He had covered his head with a cap. After the prayer, the Shaykh said "Lack of following the great Sunnah even in the center of learning?", pointing to the lack of following the Sunnah of Amama (turban) during prayer. At this, Qari sahib asked someone to bring the Amama and put it near the place of Imam, so whoever would lead the congregation, would take that and place it on the head.

paragraph: In the same book, Mawlana Siddiqi narrates that the mentioned scholar Qari Muhammad Tayyab was indeed too happy to see the shaykh and invited him at his home for food. Pir Qureshi accepted it and visited him. When the shaykh was leaving from his home, Qari Tayyab, out of pleasure and deep respect, helped the shaykh put on his shoes. This is a sign of deep esteem and respect in Sufism, and shows esteem the scholars of Deoband gave to the shaykh.

paragraph: Another famous Deobandi scholar, Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari was also devoted to the shaykh. Once he was traveling and passed near the village of shaykh and visited him. Pir Qureshi was ploughing his farm at the time. When Syed Bukhari met him and requested for praying for him, the shaykh taught him the Zikr-e-Qalbi (the remembrance of heart, the first lesson of Naqshbandi Sufi order). Syed Ata'ullah narrates that his heart immediately started doing this Zikr. From that time, Syed Bukhari was deeply devoted to the shaykh and is reported to have met him multiple times.

paragraph: Section::::Deobandi school.:Beliefs.

paragraph: Many of his followers maintain that Pir Qureshi believed in plain Sunni beliefs and did not follow any of the offshoots of Sunni Islam in India. Following points from the Malfuzat of Pir Mitha, who was one of his chief Khulafa, assert this idea.

paragraph: Hazrat Shaykh Fazal Ali sahib himself built a covered room meant to be his final burial place, and told this to Pir Mitha and Mawlana Abdul Sattar (brothers and khulafa of Pir Qureshi) and asked them to bury him there. At the time of death, Mawlana Abdul Sattar was there and he told the people the Shaykh's will, so they buried him there. This is in contradiction to the Deobandi rulings that the grave must not be covered.

paragraph: Hazrat Pir Fazal Ali sahib attended the Urs of Sufi saints of India and the gatherings of Mawlid. This also is in contradiction to the Deobandi doctrine that the practice of Urs is bid‘ah. The most famous is his attending the Urs of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti in Ajmer, India, where the shaykh not only attended the Urs but also listened to the qawwali (sung with music) which is prohibited in the Deobandi doctrine. Though the shaykh himself never listened to the music neither allowed his followers, he listened to the Qawwali only due to the love of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Ajmeri.

paragraph: He also openly proclaimed and would call upon Muhammad saying Ya-Rasulullah which is also evident from his biography and the Naat written by him

paragraph: Hazrat Peer Fazal Ali Shaykh Qureshi also believed that making the tombs at the shrines of Sufi saints is a righteous practice, and also believed in covering the graves of saints with embroidered clothes, a practice common on most of the Sufi shrines. Deobandi scholars strictly prohibit these practices.

paragraph: In short he was an ashiq e rasool, a Sufi and a Sunni (Ahl e Sunnah wal jamaah) Scholar

paragraph: Section::::Spiritual chain of succession.

paragraph: Shaykh Pir Fazal Ali Qureshi belongs to the Mujaddidi order of Sufism, which is the main branch of Naqshbandi Sufi tariqah. His spiritual lineage goes to Muhammad, through Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi, the Mujaddid of eleventh Hijri century.

paragraph: Section::::Notable Khulafa.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Khwaja Abdul Ghaffar Naqshbandi commonly known as Pir Mitha (Larkana, Sindh)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mawlana Abdul Sattar Naqshbandi, brother of Khwaja Abdul Ghaffar Naqshbandi (Jalalpur-Pirwala, Punjab)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hazrat Shaykh Ali Murtazah sahib (Gadai , Dera Ghazi Khan , Punjab)

paragraph: Section::::Successor.

paragraph: The current successor or sajjada nasheen at khanqah naqshbandia fazlia miskeenpur sharif is Maulana Muhammad Shah Qureshi sahib. He is the son of Maulana Kaleemullah Shah sahib who was the son-in-law of Pir Qureshi and was affiliated with Maulana Abdul Ghafoor Abbasi Madni. Maulana Muhammad Shah Sahib received Ijazah of Naqshbandi tariqah from Maulana Kaleemullah Shah Sahib.

paragraph: He is said to have about 66 Khulafa, many of whom became prominent shaikhs after his demise. The most famous of them was Khwaja Abdul Ghaffar Naqshbandi Fazali. Born at Jalalpur-Pirwala near Mutan, he traveled to Sindh on the command of his shaikh, and later migrated to Rahmatpur, Larkana, Sindh. He had more than a hundred Khulafa. He died in 1964 and was buried in Rahmatpur, Larkana. He himself had about 143 Khulafa, and was succeeded by Khwaja Allah Bakhsh Abbasi alias Sohna Saeen, whose son, Khwaja Muhammad Tahir is currently living and a leading shaikh of Naqshbandi Sufi order in Pakistan.

paragraph: Khwaja Abdul Ghaffar and his brother Khwaja Abdul Sattar were both Khulafa of Pir Qureshi. Pir Qureshi once told Khwaja Abdul Ghaffar that I have never given Khilafat (Ijazah) to any two brothers before. You belong to such a family that if your elder brother (Mawlana Muhammad Ashraf) and your father (Mawlana Yar Muhammad) were alive, I would have given Khilafat to both of them.

paragraph: Another one of his most prominent, the youngest and the last living Khalifa/successor was Hazrat Shaykh Ali Murtaza sb (1907 - 1988) of Gadai Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab Pakistan, Hazrat Shaykh Pir Ali Murtaza sb was also given khilafat in the four Main silsila's by Hazrat Shaykh Fazal Ali Qureshi sb, He was the son of a great scholar the Shaikh ul Hadith of Bhopal and Hyderabad Deccan namely Moulana Muhammad Hussain Saheb, a very good friend of Pir Qureshi too. Once Shaykh Fazal Ali Qureshi sb came to Gadai shareef, Dera Ghazi Khan and met Molana Muhammad Hussain sahib He said to him "I can smell odour of Madinah shareef from your house. Call your son."

paragraph: Maulana Muhammad Hussain sahib said "which one?" As he had two sons. Shaykh Fazal Ali Qureshi said the young one (Hazrat Shaykh Ali Murtaza). Hazrat Shaykh Fazal Ali Qureshi sb took hold of the young Shaykh Ali Murtaza sahib and made him his mureed in his own house. He was the only Khalifa given the name/title 'Fragrance of Madinah'.

paragraph: Alhamduillah the silsila of Hazrat Pir Fazal Ali Qureshi has spread widely across the globe and the Western world through Hazrat Shaykh Ali Murtaza sahib, the first ever spiritual Sufi centre (Khanqah) in the western world was established in Manchester (UK) by Hazrat Shyakh Ali Murtaza Sahib's Khalifa Hazrat Shaykh Asif Hussain Farooqui sahib in the 1970s

paragraph: He had 59 khalifas, his main Successor/Khalifa and the current leader of the Naqshbandi Mujaddidi order is Hazrat Shaykh Asif Hussain Farooqui sahib- Resident in Manchester UK, Shaykh Asif Hussain Farooqui Sahib was also given khilafat in the four main silsilas (Qadri, Soharawardi, Chishti & Naqshbandi) by Hazrat Shaykh Ali Murtaza Sahib, He is the only Khalifa in Europe.

paragraph: Another one of his prominent Khalifa was Mawlana Abdul Ghafoor Abbasi Madani, Who actively preached the silsila in the subcontinent at first and then later after his migration to Madina tul Munawwarah the silsila was very actively spread across the Hijaz al Muqaddas, he had ziyarah to establish the Naqshbandi Mujaddidi khanqah in Madina. Many of Shaykh Pir Fazal ali Qureshi's Khulafaa upon visiting the blessed city would stay at this Khanqah.

paragraph: He died in Madina and is buried in al-baqee.

paragraph: Hazrat Pir Fazal Ali shah Qureshi sahib did have sons but not paternal grandsons. At dargah Miskeenpur sharif, his maternal grandsons reside who all are Islamic scholars and shaykhs.Mawlana Muhammad Rafiq Shah Qureshi sahib is an Islamic scholar who studied at dargah Allahabad near Kandiaro in Sindh, and received Ijazah of Naqshbandi tariqah from Khwaja Sohna Saeen. He is currently associated with Khwaja Muhammad Tahir Bakhshi, son and successor of Sohna Saeen. He is the son of Mawlana Abdul-Rauf Shah who was the son-in-law of Pir Qureshi and was affiliated with Shaykh Sohna Saeen.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Very Short Biography in Urdu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Short Biography in Urdu by Mukhtar Ahmed Khokhar

paragraph: BULLET::::- Book about his biography (in Urdu) by Mawlana Habib-ur-Rahman Gabol

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samples from his poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Few letters of Pir Fazal Ali Qureshi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website of Miskeenpur under the supervision of Pir Muhammad Shah Qureshi

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.beautyofislam.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.sufi.org.uk

description: Sufi saint

wikidata_label: Fazal Ali Qureshi

wikipedia_title: Fazal Ali Qureshi


text: Republican

text: Benjamin Harrison

text: Pittsburgh

text: Yale College

text: Phi Beta Kappa

text: Yale Law School

text: reading law

text: Dubuque, Iowa

text: Joseph P. Bradley

text: James G. Blaine

text: United States Senate

text: Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.

text: Plessy v. Ferguson

text: Horace Gray

text: David Brewer

text: Plessy v. Ferguson

text: racial segregation

text: separate but equal

text: George Shiras III

text: United States House of Representatives

categories: United States federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison,19th-century American judges,Lawyers from Pittsburgh,20th-century American judges,American Presbyterians,Pennsylvania Republicans,1832 births,Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States,Yale Law School alumni,Burials at Allegheny Cemetery,1924 deaths

paragraph: George Shiras Jr.

paragraph: George Shiras Jr. (January 26, 1832 – August 2, 1924) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States who was nominated to the Court by Republican President Benjamin Harrison. At that time, he had 37 years of private legal practice, but had never judged a case. Shiras's only public service before he became a justice was as a federal elector in 1888, almost four years before his nomination in 1892.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Shiras was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania January 26, 1832. He attended Ohio University and graduated from Yale College, Phi Beta Kappa, in 1853. He began law school at Yale Law School, but left before earning a law degree. He finished his training by reading law at a law office, then practiced law in Dubuque, Iowa from 1855 to 1858, and in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1858 to 1892. In Pittsburgh, he became a prominent corporate attorney, and he was noted for his honesty and pragmatism while representing some of the nation's industrial giants.

paragraph: On July 19, 1892, Shiras was nominated by President Harrison to a Supreme Court seat vacated by Joseph P. Bradley. He was recommended for the post by his cousin, Secretary of State James G. Blaine. Shiras was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 26, 1892, and received his commission the same day.

paragraph: Although Shiras sat on the Court for more than 10 years authoring 253 majority decisions and 14 dissents, he is noted for his votes on just two landmark cases, "Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co." (1895), and "Plessy v. Ferguson" (1896). He sided with the majority in the 5–4 decision in "Pollock" to strike down the Income Tax Act of 1894 as unconstitutional. Some historians believe Shiras was the pivotal Justice who switched his vote, while other historians suspect that it was either Justice Horace Gray or Justice David Brewer. Regardless, the ruling in "Pollock" led to the need for a constitutional amendment to impose a federal income tax, and in 1913, the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified. Shiras also voted with the 7–1 majority in the case "Plessy v. Ferguson", a case which upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the doctrine of separate but equal, and which was overruled in 1954.

paragraph: Shiras retired from the bench on February 23, 1903, and remained in retirement until his death, in Pittsburgh, in 1924. His son, George Shiras III, served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for Pennsylvania.

description: United States federal judge

wikidata_label: George Shiras, Jr.

wikipedia_title: George Shiras Jr.


text:
Washburn, Wisconsin
American
artistic gymnast
team competition
2004 Olympics
2000
2004
2003 World Championships
2008 Olympic team
Paul Hamm
Concordia University Wisconsin
pharmacology
Doctor of Pharmacy
2000 Olympics
Sydney
2004 Summer Olympics
Athens
Paul
2003 World Championships
United States Anti-Doping Agency
glucocorticosteroid
Alexander Artemev
Paul Hamm
Sasuke
B-Boy
Airflare
Hamm twins video calendar
Morgan Hamm
United States Olympic Committee

categories: People from Washburn, Wisconsin,Sasuke (TV series) contestants,1982 births,Ohio State University alumni,Concordia University Wisconsin alumni,Gymnasts at the 2004 Summer Olympics,Olympic gymnasts of the United States,Ohio State Buckeyes athletes,Sportspeople from the Milwaukee metropolitan area,Twin sportspeople,American male artistic gymnasts,Living people,Doping cases in gymnastics,Sportspeople from Waukesha, Wisconsin,Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships,Olympic silver medalists for the United States in gymnastics,Identical twins,Twin people from the United States,Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Morgan Hamm

paragraph: Morgan Carl Hamm (born September 24, 1982 in Washburn, Wisconsin) is an American artistic gymnast. He is an Olympic silver medalist in the team competition at the 2004 Olympics and a two-time Olympian (2000, 2004). He also was a member of the silver-medal winning team at the 2003 World Championships. Hamm was named to the 2008 Olympic team, but withdrew from it due to injury.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Hamm is the son of Sandy and Cecily Hamm. His twin brother, Paul Hamm, is also a gymnast and Olympic medalist. His older sister, Elizabeth (Betsy), is a former member of USA Gymnastics Senior National Team. She competed for the University of Florida, where she became the NCAA’s national balance beam champion in 1998 and was a seven-time All-American. His father was an All-American springboard diver.

paragraph: In 2010, Hamm enrolled at Concordia University Wisconsin to study pharmacology. In 2014, he successfully completed his studies and earned his Doctor of Pharmacy degree. He is currently a practicing Pharm.D.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Hamm competed at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney at age 17, and the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, alongside his twin brother Paul. At the 2004 Olympics, he won the silver medal with the U.S. team in the team competition. Morgan's contribution to this medal-winning performance was vital as he performed on four of the six apparatus and was the highest scorer for the team on vault and high bar. He also competed in floor and high bar finals, and only a tie-breaker kept him from winning the bronze medal on the latter event. Morgan was also a member of the U.S. team at the 2003 World Championships that won a silver medal in the team competition.

paragraph: In February 2007, Hamm announced that he would return to competitive gymnastics. He competed at the 2007 Visa National Championships, on floor and pommel horse. He competed at the 2008 National Championships and at the 2008 Olympic Trials. He was warned by the United States Anti-Doping Agency in July for testing positive for glucocorticosteroid, which is not performance-enhancing or banned but only allowed if proper paperwork is filed to document that the drug is used for therapeutic reasons. Hamm received the substance through an anti-inflammatory shot to his injured ankle but failed to file the paperwork and his results at the May 24 National Championships were thrown out. Hamm claimed that he had a legitimate medical need for the drug. He was ultimately selected for the 2008 Olympic team. However, Hamm withdrew from the Olympics on August 7, 2008, due to an ankle injury. Alexander Artemev replaced him on the team.

paragraph: Section::::Sasuke.

paragraph: Morgan Hamm also competed alongside his brother, Paul Hamm, in the two 2005 "Sasuke" competitions (#14, #15,). In the 14th competition he timed out before he could attempt the "Rope Climb" in the First Stage. In the 15th competition, he made it to the third stage and ultimately failed on the "Curtain Cling" obstacle. Unlike his brother, he did not compete in the 16th competition.

paragraph: Section::::Airflare.

paragraph: Morgan Hamm was the first person to officially introduce the B-Boy maneuver Airflare to gymnastics.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hamm twins video calendar

paragraph: BULLET::::- Morgan Hamm at the United States Olympic Committee

description: gymnast

wikidata_label: Morgan Hamm

wikipedia_title: Morgan Hamm


text: Old Norse

text: Count of Rouen

text: Dudo of Saint-Quentin

text: nobility

text: feudalism

text: Normandy

text: Norman

text: William Longsword

text: Normandy

text: Sprota

text: Breton

text: more danico

text: Rollo

text: Viking

text: Bayeux

text: Rodulf of Ivry

text: Louis IV of France

text: Arnulf I, Count of Flanders

text: Ponthieu

text: Duchy of Normandy

text: Hugh the Great

text: Lâon

text: Ivo de Bellèsme

text: Bernard the Dane

text: Norman

text: King Harold of Denmark

text: Count of Paris

text: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Rouen

text: Lothair

text: Hugh Capet

text: Theobald I, Count of Blois

text: Seine

text: West Francia

text: Fécamp

text: Frankish

text: principality

text: Fecamp

text: France

text: Emma of Paris

text: House of Capet

text: Gunnora

text: Cotentin

text: England

text: Emma

text: Æthelred the Unready

text: Cnut the Great

text: Edward the Confessor

text: Alfred Aetheling

text: Harthacnut

text: William the Conqueror

text: Hugh the Great

text: Hedwige of Saxony

text: Robert of Torigni

text: Gunnor

text: Herfast de Crepon

text: Richard II

text: Robert

text: Archbishop of Rouen

text: Evreux

text: Mauger, Count of Corbeil

text: Emma of Normandy

text: Maud of Normandy

text: Odo II of Blois

text: Hawise of Normandy

text: Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany

text: Geoffrey, Count of Eu

text: William, Count of Eu

text: Beatrice of Normandy

text: Tancred de Hauteville

text: Tancred de Hauteville

text: Robert FitzWimarc

categories: Medieval child rulers,10th-century Normans,996 deaths,Norman warriors,10th-century rulers in Europe,932 births,People from Fécamp,10th-century Dukes of Normandy,Dukes of Normandy

paragraph: Richard I of Normandy

paragraph: Richard I (28 August 932 – 20 November 996), also known as Richard the Fearless (French: "Richard Sans-Peur"; Old Norse: "Jarl Richart"), was the Count of Rouen or Jarl of Rouen from 942 to 996. Dudo of Saint-Quentin, whom Richard commissioned to write the ""De moribus et actis primorum Normanniae ducum"" (Latin, ""On the Customs and Deeds of the First Dukes of Normandy""), called him a "Dux." However, this use of the word may have been in the context of Richard's renowned leadership in war, and not as a reference to a title of nobility. Richard either introduced feudalism into Normandy or he greatly expanded it. By the end of his reign, the most important Norman landholders held their lands in feudal tenure.

paragraph: Section::::Birth.

paragraph: Richard was born to William Longsword, "princeps" (chieftain or ruler) of Normandy, and Sprota. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a more danico marriage. He was also the grandson of the famous Rollo. William was told of the birth of a son after the battle with Riouf and other Viking rebels, but his existence was kept secret until a few years later when William Longsword first met his son Richard. After kissing the boy and declaring him his heir, William sent Richard to be raised in Bayeux. Richard was about ten years old when his father was killed on 17 December 942. After William was killed, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller. Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: With the death of Richard's father in 942, King Louis IV of France installed the boy, Richard, in his father's office. Under the influence of Arnulf I, Count of Flanders, the king took him into Frankish territory and placing him in the custody of the count of Ponthieu before the king reneged and seized the lands of the Duchy of Normandy. He then split up the duchy, giving its lands in lower Normandy to Hugh the Great. Louis IV thereafter kept Richard in close confinement at Lâon, but the youth escaped from imprisonment with assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis, Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane.

paragraph: In 946, at the age of 14, Richard allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders in France and with men sent by King Harold of Denmark. A battle was fought after which Louis IV was captured. Hostages were taken and held until King Louis recognised Richard as Duke, returning Normandy to him. Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, the Count of Paris, Hugh resolved to form a permanent alliance with Richard and promised his daughter Emma, who was just a child, as a bride; the marriage would take place in 960.

paragraph: Louis, working with Arnulf, persuaded Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor to attack Richard and Hugh. The combined armies of Otto, Arnulf, and Louis were driven from the gates of Rouen, fleeing to Amiens and being decisively defeated in 947. A period of peace ensued, Louis dying in 954, 13 year old Lothair becoming king. The middle-aged Hugh appointed Richard as guardian of his 15-year-old son, Hugh Capet in 955.

paragraph: In 962, Theobald I, Count of Blois, attempted a renewed invasion of Rouen, Richard's stronghold, but his troops were summarily routed by Normans under Richard's command, and forced to retreat before ever having crossed the Seine river. Lothair, the king of the West Franks, was fearful that Richard's retaliation could destabilize a large part of West Francia so he stepped in to prevent any further war between the two. In 987, Hugh Capet became King of the Franks.

paragraph: For the last 30 years until his death in 996 in Fécamp, Richard concentrated on Normandy itself, and participated less in Frankish politics and its petty wars. In lieu of building up the Norman Empire by expansion, he stabilized the realm and reunited the Normans, forging the reclaimed Duchy of his father and grandfather into West Francia's most cohesive and formidable principality.

paragraph: Richard died of natural causes in Fecamp, France, on 20 November 996.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Relationships with France, England and the Church.

paragraph: Richard used marriage to build strong alliances. His marriage to Emma of Paris connected him directly to the House of Capet. His second wife, Gunnora, from a rival Viking group in the Cotentin, formed an alliance to that group, while her sisters formed the core group that were to provide loyal followers to him and his successors.

paragraph: His daughters forged valuable marriage alliances with powerful neighboring counts as well as to the king of England. Emma married firstly Æthelred the Unready and after his death in 1016, the invader, Cnut the Great. Her children included Edward the Confessor, Alfred Aetheling and with Cnut, Harthacnut, so completing a major link between the Duke of Normandy and the Crown of England that would add validity to the claim by William the Conqueror to the throne of England.

paragraph: Richard also built on his relationship with the church, undertaking acts of piety, restoring their lands and ensuring the great monasteries flourished in Normandy. His further reign was marked by an extended period of peace and tranquility.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and issue.

paragraph: Richard's first marriage in 960 was to Emma, daughter of Hugh the Great, and Hedwige of Saxony. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died after 19 March 968, with no issue.

paragraph: According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamored with the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she was a virtuous woman and suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herfast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Viking descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mauger, Count of Corbeil

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989

paragraph: BULLET::::- another son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emma of Normandy, wife of two kings of England

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hawise of Normandy m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and issue.:Illegitimate children.

paragraph: Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and had children with many of them. Known children are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geoffrey, Count of Eu

paragraph: BULLET::::- William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58), m. Lasceline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montivilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and issue.:Possible children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Muriella, married Tancred de Hauteville

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fressenda or Fredesenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), second wife of Tancred de Hauteville.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guimara (Wimarc(a)) (b. circa 986), died Abbey of Montivilliers, Seine-Inferieure, Normandy, wife of Ansfred (Ansfroi) II "le Dane" le Goz, vicomte of Exmes and Falaise, mother of Robert FitzWimarc

paragraph: BULLET::::- Papia

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Henry Project: Richard I of Normandy

description: Duke of Normandy

wikidata_label: Richard I

wikipedia_title: Richard I of Normandy


text: archaeologist

text: biblical scholar

text: philologist

text: ceramics

text: Coquimbo

text: evangelical

text: Methodist

text: Cornish American

text: Upper Iowa University

text: Johns Hopkins University

text: Baltimore

text: Maryland

text: American School of Oriental Research

text: Jerusalem

text: Gibeah

text: Tell Beit Mirsim

text: Dead Sea Scrolls

text: biblical archaeology

text: documentary hypothesis

text: Shishaq

text: Yahweh

text: Abraham

text: Ezra

text: Anchor Bible

text: Jeremiah

text: Matthew

text: Revelation

text: Yakir Yerushalayim

text: American Academy of Arts and Sciences

text: Biblical archaeology

text: George Ernest Wright

text: Shechem

text: Gezer

text: Joseph Fitzmyer

text: S.J.

text: Frank Moore Cross

text: Raymond E. Brown

text: David Noel Freedman

text: John Bright

text: T. L. Thompson

text: John Van Seters

text: Niels Peter Lemche

text: Philip R. Davies

text: Edmund Huesserl

text: Phenomenology

text: Max Weber

text: Israeli archaeology

text: William Dever

text: Genesis

text: Abraham

text: Book of Exodus

text: Canaan

text: Book of Joshua

text: Book of Judges

text: Thomas L. Thompson

text: Views of the Biblical World

text: Biblical archaeology

text: Views of the Biblical World

text: Archaeology and the Hebrew patriarchs

text: Archaeology and the prophets of Israel

text: Official AIAR website

categories: Johns Hopkins University faculty,American people of Cornish descent,Holy Land archaeologists,Palestinologists,American orientalists,American archaeologists,20th-century American writers,1971 deaths,American expatriates in Mandatory Palestine,Upper Iowa University alumni,Johns Hopkins University alumni,People from Coquimbo,20th-century archaeologists,Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,1891 births,American expatriates in Chile,American biblical scholars,Old Testament scholars,Critics of the Christ myth theory,American United Methodists

paragraph: William F. Albright

paragraph: William Foxwell Albright (May 24, 1891 – September 19, 1971) was an American archaeologist, biblical scholar, philologist, and expert on ceramics.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Albright was born in Coquimbo, Chile, the eldest of six children of American evangelical Methodist missionaries Wilbur Finley Albright and Cornish American Zephine Viola Foxwell. Albright was an alumnus of Upper Iowa University. He married Dr. Ruth Norton (1892–1979) in 1921 and had four sons. He received his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, in 1916 and took a professorship there in 1927, remaining as W. W. Spence Professor of Semitic Languages from 1930 to his retirement in 1958. He was also the Director of the American School of Oriental Research in Jerusalem, 1922–1929, 1933–1936, and did important archaeological work at sites in Israel such as Gibeah (Tell el-Fûl, 1922) and Tell Beit Mirsim (1926, 1928, 1930 and 1932).

paragraph: Albright became known to the public for his role in the authentication of the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1948, but made his scholarly reputation as the leading theorist and practitioner of biblical archaeology, "that branch of archaeology that sheds light upon "the social and political structure, the religious concepts and practices and other human activities and relationships that are found in the Bible or pertain to peoples mentioned in the Bible." Albright was not, however, a biblical literalist; his "Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan", for example, putting forward the view that the religion of the Israelites had evolved from polytheism to a monotheism that saw God acting in history—a view fully in accordance with the documentary hypothesis and the mainstream opinions of the preceding two centuries of biblical criticism.

paragraph: Although primarily a biblical archaeologist, Albright was a polymath who made contributions in almost every field of Near Eastern studies: an example of his range is a BASOR 130 (1953) paper titled "New Light from Egypt on the Chronology and History of Israel and Judah," in which he established that Shoshenq I—the Biblical Shishaq—came to power somewhere between 945 and 940 BC.

paragraph: A prolific author, his major works include "Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan", "The Archaeology of Palestine: From the Stone Age to Christianity", and "The Biblical Period from Abraham to Ezra". He also edited the Anchor Bible volumes on Jeremiah, Matthew, and Revelation.

paragraph: Throughout his life Albright was honored with numerous awards, honorary doctorates, and medals, and was given the title "Yakir Yerushalayim" (Worthy Citizen of Jerusalem)—the first time the award had been given to a non-Jew. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1956. After his death, his legacy continued as a large number of scholars, inspired by his work, became specialists in the areas Albright had pioneered. The American School of Oriental Research, Jerusalem, is now known as the Albright Institute of Archaeological Research, in honor of Albright's exceptional contributions to the field.

paragraph: Section::::Historical research and hypotheses.

paragraph: From the early twentieth century until his death, he was the dean of biblical archaeologists and the acknowledged founder of the Biblical archaeology movement. Most notably, coming from his own background in radical German historical criticism of the historicity of the Biblical accounts, Albright, through his seminal work in archaeology (and most notably his development of the standard pottery typology for Palestine and the Holy Land) arrived at the conclusion that the biblical accounts of Israelite history were, contrary to the dominant German literary criticism of the day, largely accurate. This area is still widely contested among scholars. His student George Ernest Wright followed in his footsteps as the leader of the biblical archaeology movement, contributing definitive work at Shechem and Gezer. Albright also inspired, trained and worked with the first generation of world-class Israeli archaeologists, who have carried on his work, and maintained his perspective.

paragraph: Other students, notably Joseph Fitzmyer, S.J., Frank Moore Cross, Raymond E. Brown, and David Noel Freedman, became international leaders in the study of the Bible and the ancient Near East, including Northwest Semitic epigraphy and paleography. John Bright, Cyrus H. McCormick Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Interpretation at Union Seminary in Richmond (PhD, Johns Hopkins, 1940), went on to become "the first distinguished American historian of the Old Testament" and "arguably the most influential scholar of the Albright school", owing to his "distinctly American commonsense flavor, similar to that of W[illiam] James". Thus Albright and his students achieved a very wide reach and were highly influential in American higher education from the 1940s through the 1970s, after which revisionist scholars of merit such as T. L. Thompson, John Van Seters, Niels Peter Lemche, and Philip R. Davies developed and advanced their own minimalist critique of Albright's view that archaeology supports the broad outlines of the history of Israel as presented in the Bible. Like other academic polymaths (Edmund Huesserl in Phenomenology and Max Weber in sociology and the sociology of religion), W.F. Albright created, advanced and soundly established the new discipline of Biblical Archaeology, which is taught now at major and even elite universities on a worldwide basis and has exponents across national, cultural and religious lines.

paragraph: Section::::Influence and legacy.

paragraph: Albright's publication in the Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 1932, of his excavations of Tell Beit Mirsim, and further descriptions of the Bronze Age and Iron Age layers of the site in 1938 and 1943, marked a major contribution to the professional dating of sites based on ceramic typologies, one which is still in use today with only minor changes. "With this work, Albright made Israeli archaeology into a science, instead of what it had formerly been: a digging in which the details are more or less well-described in an indifferent chronological framework which is as general as possible and often wildly wrong".

paragraph: As editor of the Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research between 1931 and 1968, Albright influenced both biblical scholarship and Palestinian archaeology. Albright used this influence to advocate "biblical archaeology", in which the archaeologist's task, according to fellow Biblical archaeologist William Dever, is seen as being "to illuminate, to understand, and, in their greatest excesses, to 'prove' the Bible.". In this Albright's American Evangelical upbringing was clearly apparent. He insisted, for example, that "as a whole, the picture in Genesis is historical, and there is no reason to doubt the general accuracy of the biographical details" (i.e., of figures such as Abraham). Similarly he claimed that archaeology had proved the essential historicity of the Book of Exodus, and the conquest of Canaan as described in the Book of Joshua and the Book of Judges.

paragraph: In the years since his death, Albright's methods and conclusions have been increasingly questioned. William Dever claims that "[Albright's] central theses have all been overturned, partly by further advances in Biblical criticism, but mostly by the continuing archaeological research of younger Americans and Israelis to whom he himself gave encouragement and momentum ... The irony is that, in the long run, it will have been the newer 'secular' archaeology that contributed the most to Biblical studies, not 'Biblical archaeology.'"

paragraph: Biblical scholar Thomas L. Thompson contends that the methods of "biblical archaeology" have also become outmoded: "[Wright and Albright's] historical interpretation can make no claim to be objective, proceeding as it does from a methodology which distorts its data by selectivity which is hardly representative, which ignores the enormous lack of data for the history of the early second millennium, and which wilfully establishes hypotheses on the basis of unexamined biblical texts, to be proven by such (for this period) meaningless mathematical criteria as the 'balance of probability' ..."

paragraph: Section::::Published works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Archaeology of Palestine: From the Stone Age to Christianity" (1940/rev.1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "From the Stone Age to Christianity: Monotheism and the Historical Process", Johns Hopkins Press, 1946

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Views of the Biblical World". Jerusalem: International Publishing Company J-m Ltd, 1959.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan: An Historical Analysis of Two Contrasting Faiths" (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Biblical Period from Abraham to Ezra"

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biblical archaeology

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of artifacts significant to the Bible

paragraph: BULLET::::- Views of the Biblical World

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Papers delivered at the Symposium 'Homage to William Foxwell Albright', the American Friends of the Israel Exploration Society, Rockville, Maryland, 1984."

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archaeology and the Hebrew patriarchs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archaeology and the prophets of Israel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Light from archaeology on oral and written literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official AIAR website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Question and answer session with William F. Albright after his lecture, Archaeology and the Hebrew patriarchs

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Foxwell Albright, in Historical Handbook of Major Biblical Interpreters

description: Orientalist, biblical scholar and archaeologist

wikidata_label: William F. Albright

wikipedia_title: William F. Albright


text:
football
Lazio
right-sided full-back
Padinska Skela
Sutjeska
Nikšić
Jedinstvo Ub
Aleksandar Luković
Boško Janković
Red Star Belgrade
Red Star Belgrade
Red Star Belgrade
Udinese
Lecce
Red Star Belgrade
Aleksandar Luković
midfield
A.C. Milan
Mauricio Isla
Simone Pepe
2011–12 Serie A
Francesco Guidolin
right wingback
Lecce
2011–12 UEFA Europa League
Siena
Chievo
Cesena
Lazio
Serie A
Lazio
Derby della Capitale
Roma
Spain
Ognjen Koroman
Tunisia
Serbia and Montenegro
World Cup
European Under-21 Football Championship
Portugal
Netherlands
Serbia national football team
Radovan Ćurčić
Mexico
Honduras
Neven Subotić
Nemanja Tomić
Adem Ljajić
Andrija Kaluđerović
Serbian SuperLiga
2005–06
2006–07
Serbian Cup
2005–06
2006–07
Supercoppa Italiana
2017
Coppa Italia

categories: First League of Serbia and Montenegro players,Serbia and Montenegro under-21 international footballers,Serbia international footballers,Serbia under-21 international footballers,U.S. Lecce players,Serbian footballers,Serbia and Montenegro international footballers,Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Italy,Footballers from Belgrade,Red Star Belgrade footballers,1984 births,2006 FIFA World Cup players,Serbian expatriate footballers,Serbian SuperLiga players,S.S. Lazio players,Living people,Serie A players,Association football defenders,Expatriate footballers in Italy,FK Jedinstvo Ub players,Udinese Calcio players

paragraph: Dušan Basta

paragraph: Dušan Basta (, ; born 18 August 1984) is a Serbian professional football player who plays for Italian club Lazio. He often plays as a right-sided full-back.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Early years.

paragraph: The first football step Basta made was when he was eight – in local football club PKB from Padinska Skela, the suburb where he lived and where he was born. He then signed for Red Star aged thirteen, becoming a part of one of the most talented generations in the history of Red Star's youth academy.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Red Star Belgrade.

paragraph: Basta signed his first professional contract at the age of 17, when he together with a few teammates from Red Star's youth team broke out into the senior squad. He made his professional debut on his 18th birthday (18 August 2002) in a 1–0 defeat from Sutjeska in Nikšić, Montenegro. In the following, his second season, he played on loan in Jedinstvo Ub (along with Aleksandar Luković and Boško Janković). Over the season Basta displayed great technique, skills, and pass accuracy and very soon he became one of the most important players for Red Star Belgrade. In April 2005 Basta suffered an injury which kept him out of football for five months. By the end of his spell at Red Star, Basta won six trophies with Red Star Belgrade, including three domestic doubles.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Udinese.

paragraph: In July 2008 he moved from Red Star Belgrade to Udinese. He played in pre-season friendlies for Udinese. However, Udinese did not wish to allocate one of the two non-EU registration quota on Basta, and Basta moved to Lecce on loan from Red Star Belgrade, in order to borrow the quota from Lecce, like his teammate and countryman Aleksandar Luković.

paragraph: After returning to Udinese in summer 2009, he became the starting right wingback soon after the season started instead of his usual midfield position. He made his debut on 23 September 2009 against A.C. Milan, replacing Mauricio Isla after 27 minutes. Udinese won the match 1–0. After injuries to Simone Pepe, he played as a right-sided midfielder in their 3–5–2 formation for a few matches. Basta was later injured and missed the whole 2010–11 Serie A season, meaning that Mauricio Isla secured Basta's place in the team.

paragraph: Basta made his return after 18 months on 11 September, the first gameweek of the 2011–12 Serie A season. In that match the coach Francesco Guidolin rested Isla, using Basta as the right wingback in their 3–5–2 formation. He scored a goal, beating Lecce 2–0. In the next match, the first group stage match of the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League, Basta returned to the bench. On 6 November 2011, Basta scored the first goal in a 2–1 victory against Siena. On 11 December 2011, the Serb headed in Udinese's second goal in a 2–1 victory against Chievo. He then scored a powerful shot against struggling Cesena.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Lazio.

paragraph: Basta signed with Lazio on 23 June 2014 in a temporary deal, with an obligation to buy. Eventually Basta cost Lazio €10.5 million.

paragraph: On 30 April 2017 Basta returned to score a goal in the Serie A, three years later the previous one (Udinese-Roma 2–3, 17 March 2014) and against the same opponent team: his goal allowed Lazio to win the "Derby della Capitale" against the city rivals of Roma (Lazio won the match 3–1 away and Basta scored the second goal).

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Basta debuted for his country against Spain on 31 March 2005. He substituted Ognjen Koroman in 77 minutes. He collected his second cap in Tunisia. He was in Serbia and Montenegro team for World Cup in Germany, but he did not play.

paragraph: For Serbia U21s selection he played 18 games and he played on two European Under-21 Football Championship, First time in Portugal 2006 he reached semi-final, second time he became losing finalists in the Netherlands 2007. He was called up by the caretaker of the Serbia national football team, Radovan Ćurčić, for two friendly matches, against Mexico and Honduras, as a replacement for the injured Neven Subotić. Shortly after being called up, he suffered an injury. Ćurčić called up Nemanja Tomić, Adem Ljajić and Andrija Kaluđerović instead.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Red Star Belgrade

paragraph: BULLET::::- Serbian SuperLiga: 2005–06, 2006–07

paragraph: BULLET::::- Serbian Cup: 2005–06, 2006–07

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lazio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Supercoppa Italiana: 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coppa Italia: 2018–2019

description: Serbian footballer

wikidata_label: Dušan Basta

wikipedia_title: Dušan Basta