text:
Mitchell
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin
Wisconsin State Assembly
Democrat
Sheboygan, Wisconsin

categories: Wisconsin state court judges,County supervisors in Wisconsin,Mayors of places in Wisconsin,Wisconsin city council members,Wisconsin Democrats,Wisconsin lawyers,People from Sheboygan County, Wisconsin,Farmers from Wisconsin,1855 births,1918 deaths,Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly

paragraph: Simon Gillen

paragraph: Simon Gillen (May 1, 1855 – July 6, 1918) was an American politician, farmer, attorney and jurist.

paragraph: Born in the Town of Mitchell, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, Gillen was a farmer. He served as chairman of the Mitchell Town Board and on the Sheboygan County Board of Supervisors in 1880 and 1881. In 1882, Gillen served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Democrat. Then, in 1882, Gillen was elected Clerk of Circuit Court for Sheboygan County. In 1888, Gillen was admitted to the Wisconsin bar and was elected district attorney for Sheboygan County. In 1894, Gillen was elected county judge and served until 1898. Gillen also served on the Sheboygan, Wisconsin Common Council in 1891 and from 1907 to 1909. Gillen died in Sheboygan, Wisconsin as a result of a stroke while working in his garden at his home.

description: American judge and politician

wikidata_label: Simon Gillen

wikipedia_title: Simon Gillen


text: Râmnicu Sărat

text: Bucharest

text: Romanian Academy

text: Râmnicu Sărat

text: Iași

text: University of Bucharest

text: PhD

text: Herăstrău

text: Systematics

text: Phytopathology

text: Gheorghe Ionescu-Şişeşti

text: vine

text: mildew

text: phytosanitation

text: academic journal

text: Romanian Academy of Sciences

text: Alice Aronescu

text: Bucharest University

text: Columbia University

text: Petru Groza

text: Romanian Academy

text: Great National Assembly

text: Association of Romanian Scientists

text: Phytopathologische Zeitschrift

text: Sydowia

categories: 1898 births,Presidents of the Romanian Academy,Romanian Ministers of Agriculture,People from Râmnicu Sărat,Romanian mycologists,1963 deaths,Romanian botanists

paragraph: Traian Săvulescu

paragraph: Traian Săvulescu (2 February 1889, Râmnicu Sărat – 29 March 1963, Bucharest) was a Romanian biologist and botanist, founder of the Romanian School of Phytopathology, member and president of the Romanian Academy.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: The third child of Petrache and Maria Săvulescu, he attended primary school and secondary school in Râmnicu Sărat and the "Costache Negruzzi" College in Iași, where his teacher Teodor Nicolau directed him towards the study of botany.

paragraph: After graduation in 1907, he enrolled at the Faculty of Medicine in Bucharest. The next year, he enrolled at the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Natural Sciences, from which he graduated in 1912. After graduation, he embarked on a PhD at the Botanic Institute in Bucharest, which he obtained in 1916 with a doctoral thesis entitled ' ("Study of the species of Campanula L. in the Heterophyllae growing in Romania"). The work was well received and noted with '. Traian Săvulescu became the first doctor of botany at the University of Bucharest.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Between 1912 and 1921 he worked at the Botanical Institute of Cotroceni and in 1918 was appointed lecturer at the Department of Plant Morphology and Institute of Systematic Botany in Bucharest. For a quarter of a century, he divided his work between the College of Agriculture at Herăstrău, where he taught Systematics and Phytopathology, and the Plant and the Agricultural Research Institute of Romania, founded by Gheorghe Ionescu-Şişeşti.

paragraph: He organized a network of warning stations across Romania to combat vine mildew. In 1929 he founded a laboratory for the study of insecticide-fungicide substances, the laboratory subsequently becoming the national Plant Protection Service. He also initiated the first phytosanitation laws and quarantine control in Romania.

paragraph: In 1928 he founded the academic journal "Starea fitosanitară a României" ("Phytosanitary status of Romania"), published annually, which covered matters of plant protection.

paragraph: On 25 May 1936, Traian Săvulescu became a correspondent member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences.

paragraph: In June 1938 Săvulescu featured in a documentary film of an expedition in the Danube Delta, exploring the local flora. That same year, he married Alice Aronescu, a colleague who after graduating from Bucharest University, had studied at Columbia University.

paragraph: Between 29 November 1946 and 30 December 1947, Săvulescu served as Minister of Agriculture under Petru Groza and was Vice President of the Council of Ministers.

paragraph: In 1948 he became an active member and secretary general of the Romanian Academy. In 1948, with the nationalization initiated by the communist regime, the Academy ceased to exist as a private institution and was reorganized under the name of the "Academy of the Romanian People". Săvulescu was appointed president of this new organization during the Romanian People's Republic (1948–1959) by decree of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly. He remained its honorary president until his death in 1963.

paragraph: In April 1955, during an election meeting of the Academy, Traian Săvulescu came to the defence of former members excluded in 1948 for their previous collaboration with authoritarian, anti-Semitic or fascist governments.

paragraph: On 23 March 1956, as a gesture towards the abolition of the Academy of Sciences of Romania and its integration into the People's Republic Romanian Academy, Traian Săvulescu, as President of the Academy, organized the inaugural meeting of the Association of Romanian Scientists (AORS).

paragraph: Traian Savulescu was a member of several foreign academies, including those from Hungary, Germany and New York (US). He was also editor of the journal "Buletin de la section scientifique de L'Académie Roumaine" and member of the editorial boards of the journals "Phytopathologische Zeitschrift, Berlin and "Sydowia".

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- five volumes, 1952–1957

description: Romanian Biologist and Botanist

wikidata_label: Traian Săvulescu

wikipedia_title: Traian Săvulescu


text:
pitcher
Holguín
Cuban National Series
relief pitcher
Los Angeles Dodgers
signing bonus
Arizona League Dodgers
Great Lakes Loons
Rancho Cucamonga Quakes
Tommy John surgery
Arizona League

categories: Cuban baseball players,Baseball pitchers,Minor league baseball players,Sabuesos de Holquin players,Great Lakes Loons players,Arizona League Dodgers players,1989 births,Living people

paragraph: Pablo Fernández (baseball)

paragraph: Pablo Millán Fernández Rojas (born August 5, 1989) is a Cuban baseball pitcher who is a free agent.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Fernández played for Holguín of the Cuban National Series as a relief pitcher. He defected from Cuba in July 2014, and agreed to sign with the Los Angeles Dodgers in March 2015 for a reported $8 million signing bonus. A formal signing was held up as he awaited a visa to travel to the United States and take his physical, which was finally approved on May 11. he officially signed with the Dodgers on May 19. He pitched in 10 games in the Dodgers farm system in 2015, (with the Arizona League Dodgers, Great Lakes Loons and Rancho Cucamonga Quakes) and was 3–2 with a 3.92 ERA.

paragraph: Fernandez underwent Tommy John surgery on May 12, 2016, causing him to miss the entire 2016 season. He returned in 2017 to pitch 12 innings across five games in the Arizona League, allowing 18 earned runs to score for a 13.50 ERA. The Dodgers released him in March 2018.

wikidata_label: Pablo Fernández

wikipedia_title: Pablo Fernández (baseball)


text:
Catalan
troubadour
sirventes
Guillem of Berguedan
bell tower
Vic
Riquer, Martín de

categories: Troubadours,Male composers,Spanish male poets

paragraph: Ot de Montcada

paragraph: Ot de Montcada () was an early Catalan troubadour with no surviving work. Ot's work is known only from a reference in a "sirventes" of Guillem of Berguedan around 1175. By then he was considered old and out-dated. Guillem wrote his lyrics to the melody composed by Ot, who wrote it before the stone bell tower at Vic was erected:

paragraph: It is possible that Ot was active before 1038, since in that year the cathedral of Vic was consecrated; it was considered aged in the mid-twelfth. This dating is uncertain, however, since Guillem may have meant no more than that Ot was very old.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Riquer, Martín de (1964). "Història de la Literatura Catalana", vol. 1. Barcelona: Edicions Ariel.

description: Spanish troubadour

wikidata_label: Ot de Montcada

wikipedia_title: Ot de Montcada


text:
running back
Arkansas State University
free agent
Saskatchewan Roughriders
2006
cornerback
Most Valuable Player
95th Grey Cup
touchdown
Winnipeg Blue Bombers
Canadian College Draft
ESPN.com bio

categories: Arkansas State Red Wolves football players,1980 births,African-American players of American football,Players of American football from California,Grey Cup champions,Saskatchewan Roughriders players,Canadian football defensive backs,African-American players of Canadian football,Living people,American football defensive backs

paragraph: James Johnson (Canadian football)

paragraph: James Johnson (born May 5, 1980) is a former professional football player.

paragraph: Johnson did not play high school football. He started playing for West Los Angeles Junior College, but was not given any equipment until he made the team as a defensive back, after being switched from running back. Arkansas State University then gave him a scholarship.

paragraph: Johnson was signed as a free agent by the Saskatchewan Roughriders in 2006, and dressed for a total of 15 games, starting seven at cornerback. His college coach had sent a videotape to former Riders general manager Roy Shivers. "My college coach gave Mr. Shivers a call," said Johnson. "Mr. Shivers didn't really get a chance to see any tape on me, so he decided he was just going to bring me to camp. If I didn't perform he was going to send me home right away. I probably had the best training camp since my first year playing."

paragraph: Johnson was named the Most Valuable Player of the 95th Grey Cup on Nov 25, 2007 after intercepting a record three passes, including one for a 30-yard touchdown. His defensive efforts helped lead the Saskatchewan Roughriders to a 23–19 victory over their CFL Prairie rival Winnipeg Blue Bombers. It was the first time since 1994 that a defensive player was awarded the Grey Cup's top individual title. Johnson received a $10,000 bonus in cash for his efforts.

paragraph: "I could never imagine this. That's the first time I've ever had three interceptions in a game."

paragraph: It was only the Roughriders' third national football championship in 15 Grey Cup appearances.

paragraph: On February 16, 2009, Johnson was traded to the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in exchange for a draft pick in the 2011 Canadian College Draft.

paragraph: Johnson became a free agent on February 15, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ESPN.com bio

description: Canadian football cornerback

wikidata_label: James Johnson

wikipedia_title: James Johnson (Canadian football)


text: The Bulletin

text: Dawn and Dusk Club

text: Henry Lawson

text: Florence Mary Parsons

text: Lawrence Hargrave

text: Narrabeen

text: Sydney

text: glider

text: Edward Hallstrom

text: Florence Mary Taylor

text: University of Sydney

categories: 1872 births,1928 deaths,Australian journalists

paragraph: George Augustine Taylor

paragraph: George Augustine Taylor (1 August 1872 – 20 January 1928) was an Australian artist, journalist, and inventor.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Taylor was born at Sydney in 1872. He began his working life articled to an architect (a Mr Hobbs). However, he first became known as an artist, and was a member of the Sydney Bohemian set in the 1890s, whose doings he was afterwards to record in his "Those Were the Days", a volume of reminiscences published in 1918. He contributed drawings to "The Bulletin", "Worker", "Sunday Times", "Referee", and "London Punch", but later became interested in aviation and radio, and did some remarkable work in connection with them. Taylor was a member of the Dawn and Dusk Club, an association of bohemians and intellectuals that included the writer Henry Lawson. Taylor married Florence Mary Parsons in 1907.

paragraph: He experimented with a motorless aeroplane (glider) and, in November 1909, constructed one of full size. He also contacted the retired inventor Lawrence Hargrave at this time. On 5 December, at Narrabeen, Sydney, Taylor flew in the glider he had designed and became the first person in Australia to fly in a heavier-than-air craft. Florence Taylor flew in her husband's glider on the same day, followed by Edward Hallstrom. Much gliding had been done in America and Europe many years before this, but the principle and design of Taylor's machine appear to have anticipated the types being used in Europe more than ten years later. In March 1910 Taylor arranged a demonstration of wireless at Heathcote for his superior officers in the army. He enlisted the aid of three civilians to perform this task, Taylor not being an inventor or radio operator himself. Messrs. Kirkby, Hannam and Wilkinson bought their own equipment with them set it up and performed the demonstrations. Taylor always used Kirkby to manufacture wireless sets and demonstrate wireless on other occasions such as at his lecture on the air age and its significance. Hannam went on to be Mawson’s wireless operator on his Antarctic expeditions. Kirkby had built the Shaw wireless works. In 1910 and 1911 he succeeded in communicating from one part of a railway train to another, and in exchanging messages between trains running at full speed. He had founded the aerial league in 1909 and was a co-founder of the Wireless Institute of New South Wales (now the Wireless Institute of Australia and Amateur Radio New South Wales) in 1910.

paragraph: It was largely on account of his representations that the first government wireless station was erected in Australia. He did some interesting experimental work in connexion with locating sound by wireless, which proved useful in the 1914-18 war when methods of locating submarines had to be devised. Taylor visited Europe in 1922 and studied broadcasting developments. On his return at the end of that year he formed an association for developing wireless in Australia and was elected its president. At a conference of wireless experts called together by the Commonwealth government in May 1923 Taylor was elected chairman, and did valuable work in framing broadcasting regulations for Australia. He was also a pioneer in the transmission of sketches by wireless, both in black and white and in colour.

paragraph: At around this time he was also appointed to the invention and patents committee of the British Science Guild and was active in the encouragement of scientific innovation and "invention as the one hope of attaining permanent world peace, and a real betterment of the conditions of the human race".

paragraph: Taylor had for many years before this conducted a successful monthly trade journal called "Building", of which he was proprietor and editor. Gradually other magazines were added, including the "Construction and Local Government Journal", "Australasian Engineer", the "Soldier", the "Commonwealth Home", and the "Radio Journal of Australasia". He also published two volumes of popular verse, "Songs for Soldiers" (1913), and "Just Jingles" (1922), and some small volumes of sketches and stories. He was much interested in town-planning, and published in 1914 "Town Planning for Australia" and in 1918 "Town Planning with Common-sense".

paragraph: An epileptic, he died as the result of a seizure in his bathtub on 20 January 1928 leaving his wife, Florence Mary Taylor; they had no children. The 25 January 1928 issue of the "Construction and Local Government Journal" contains an article 'The Life and Work of G. A. Taylor', which details the achievements and nature of this remarkable man. In 1929 a gift of £1100 was made to the University of Sydney by the G. A. Taylor memorial committee to found a lectureship in aviation or aeronautical engineering in his memory.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taylor, George A., "“By Wireless” How we got the signals through", Lieut Army Intelligence Corps

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taylor, George A., "The Air Age and its Military Significance", Lieut Army Intelligence Corps

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taylor, George A., ""Those Were The Days" being Reminiscences of Australian Artists and Writers"

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bright Sparcs"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Accessed 21 October 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giles, J.M., "The Life of George Augustine Taylor"

description: Australian journalist

wikidata_label: George Augustine Taylor

wikipedia_title: George Augustine Taylor


text: Scottish nobleman

text: Thomas FitzMaurice, 5th Earl of Orkney

text: Edmond FitzMaurice, 7th Earl of Orkney

categories: Scots Guards officers,71st Highlanders officers,Earls of Orkney,Scottish Freemasons,1889 deaths,Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George,Scottish representative peers,1827 births,British Army personnel of the Crimean War,Gordon Highlanders officers,Petty-Fitzmaurice family

paragraph: George FitzMaurice, 6th Earl of Orkney

paragraph: George William Hamilton FitzMaurice, 6th Earl of Orkney (6 May 1827 – 21 October 1889), styled as Viscount Kirkwall until 1877, was a soldier and Scottish nobleman.

paragraph: George FitzMaurice was the son of Thomas FitzMaurice, 5th Earl of Orkney and the Hon. Charlotte Irby. He married Amelia de Samuel in London in 1872. They had no children.

paragraph: He joined the 71st Highlanders Regiment as a Captain from the 92nd Regiment in 1853 and saw action in the Crimea in 1855. He transferred to the Scots Fusilier Guards in 1856 and retired in 1857.

paragraph: On his death in London, the title passed to his nephew, Edmond FitzMaurice, 7th Earl of Orkney.

paragraph: Section::::Freemasonry.

paragraph: He was a Scottish Freemason. He was Initiated in Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, No. 2, on 17 December 1845. In the Lodge's records of that time he is correctly styled as Viscount Kirkwall.

paragraph: Section::::External Links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, No. 2, (Edinburgh)

description: Scottish noble

wikidata_label: George FitzMaurice, 6th Earl of Orkney

wikipedia_title: George FitzMaurice, 6th Earl of Orkney


text:
Roman Catholic
titular bishop
auxiliary bishop
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Valencia
Spain

categories: 1931 births,Spanish titular bishops,2010 deaths

paragraph: Rafael Sanus Abad

paragraph: Rafael Sanus Abad (August 29, 1931 – May 13, 2010) was the Roman Catholic titular bishop of Germaniciana and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Valencia, Spain.

paragraph: Ordained a priest for the Valencia Archdiocese on June 22, 1958, Sanus Abad was named auxiliary bishop of the archdiocese on February 3, 1989, and was ordained on March 12, 1989. He signed on November 17, 2000.

description: spanish bishop

wikidata_label: Rafael Sanus Abad

wikipedia_title: Rafael Sanus Abad


text: Tibetan

text: Sakya

text: Tibet

text: Sakya Pandita

text: grags pa rgyal mtshan (P1614)

categories: Sakya,1147 births,13th-century Tibetan people,12th-century Tibetan people,1216 deaths,Tibetan Buddhist teachers

paragraph: Jetsun Dragpa Gyaltsen

paragraph: Jetsun Dragpa Gyaltsen () (1147–1216) was a Tibetan spiritual leader and the third of the Five Sakya Parriarchs ("sa skya gong ma rnam lnga") of Tibet. He was also the guru of the famous Sakya Pandita.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- grags pa rgyal mtshan (P1614) — TBRC

paragraph: BULLET::::- himalayanart.org: Teacher: Dragpa Gyaltsen (Lama)

paragraph: BULLET::::- hhthesakyatrizin.org: Jetsun Dragpa Gyaltsen

alias:
Lodro Gyeltsen
Sakya Jetsun Drakpa Gyeltsen

description: 3rd of the 5 patriarchs of the Sakya tradition

wikidata_label: Drakpa Gyaltsen

wikipedia_title: Jetsun Dragpa Gyaltsen


text: Tibetan

text: Buddhist

text: Sakya

text: Sanskrit

text: Manjusri

text: Tibet

text: Mongolia

text: China

text: India

text: Sakya Trizin

text: Sakya

text: Jetsun Dragpa Gyaltsen

text: sutra

text: tantra

text: śrāmaṇera

text: Kashmir

text: Śakya Śri

text: bhikśu

text: Kyirong

text: Nepal

text: brahman

text: Shastri

text: Genghis Khan

text: Ögedei Khan

text: Godan Khan

text: Wuwei, Gansu

text: Mongols

text: Lhasa

text: Reting Monastery

text: Drigung Monastery

text: L. Petech

text: Reting Monastery

text: Dam

text: Kadam

text: Taklung

text: Drigung

text: Phagpa

text: Kurultai

text: Güyük Khan

text: leprosy

text: Möngke Khan

text: Ashtamangala

text: Gautama Buddha

text: śramaṇa

text: Möngke Khan

text: Drikung Kagyu

text: Kublai Khan

text: Sakya Trizin

text: Lama Dampa Sonam Gyaltsen

text: Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen

text: Phagmodrupa Dynasty

text: Ü

text: Tibet

text: Panchen Lama

text: tulku

text: Amitābha

text: Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, 1st Panchen Lama

text: Subhuti

text: Gautama Buddha

text: Mongolian

text: Pramanavarttika

text: Dharmakirti

text: Tibetan Buddhism

text: Padmakara Translation Group

text: magnum opus

text: Maitreya-nātha

text: Mahayana-sutra-alamkara-karika

text: Drogön Chögyal Phagpa

text: Mongol conquest of Tibet

text: Tibet under Yuan rule

text: Patron and priest relationship

text: H.E Chogye Trichen Rinpoche's website

text: Includes a short account of his life.

text: Some famous quotations of Sakya Pandita

text: History of the Phagpa script

text: Biographical notes

categories: Tibetan philosophers,Lamas,1251 deaths,Sakya,Panchen Lamas,Tibetan Buddhists from Tibet,1182 births,Creators of writing systems,Sakya Trizin

paragraph: Sakya Pandita

paragraph: Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyeltsen (Tibetan: ས་སྐྱ་པནདིཏ་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན, )1182-28 November 1251) was a Tibetan spiritual leader and Buddhist scholar and the fourth of the Five Sakya Forefathers (). Künga Gyeltsen is generally known simply as Sakya Pandita, a title given to him in recognition of his scholarly achievements and knowledge of Sanskrit. He is held in the tradition to have been an emanation of Manjusri, the embodiment of the wisdom of all the Buddhas.

paragraph: After that he also known as a great scholar in Tibet, Mongolia, China and India and was proficient in the five great sciences of Buddhist philosophy, medicine, grammar, dialectics and sacred Sanskrit literature as well as the minor sciences of rhetoric, synonymies, poetry, dancing and astrology. He is considered to be the fourth Sakya Forefather and sixth Sakya Trizin and one of the most important figures in the Sakya lineage.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: He was born as Palden Dondup at Sakya in the noble family of Jamyanggön (Khön). This lineage had held the abbotship of Sakya on a hereditary basis since 1073. His father was Palchen Öpoche (1150-1203) and his mother Machig Nyitri Cham. Sakya Pandita was the nephew of Jetsun Dragpa Gyaltsen (1147–1216), and became the principal disciple of this prominent scholar. He was instructed in the sutras and tantras by Dragpa Gyaltsen and mastered Sanskrit and three Inner Asian languages. Eventually he was initiated as a śrāmaṇera by his master and given the religious name Künga Gyeltsen.

paragraph: As a young monk, he visited the prominent Kashmiri scholar Śakya Śri, who ordained him as a bhikśu in 1208, and taught him sutras and mantras. Legend has it that he visited Kyirong in Nepal on his way back, and there defeated a brahman Shastri in a debate on logic. He then overcome his opponent in a contest of supernatural powers. As he wanted to show his fellow Tibetans the peculiar dress of Indian Brahmin priests, he brought the Shastri to Tibet where the unlucky loser was killed by the protective deities of the land. The Shastri's head was then tied to a pillar of the great temple in Sakya which remained until modern times. The experience of Sakya Pandita with Indian learning provided a notably South Asian influence to his scholarship later on. His ordination as bhikśu marked the inception of Sakya as a proper monastic order. He acceded as "dansa chenpo" or abbot-ruler of Sakya upon the death of his uncle Dragpa Gyaltsen in 1216.

paragraph: Section::::Mongol invasion.

paragraph: According to later Tibetan historiography, Genghis Khan subjugated a king of Tibet in 1206 and then sent a letter to the Sakya abbot. After the death of Genghis Khan in 1227, the Tibetans stopped sending tribute. This is, however, a legend without historical foundation. It is known, however, that the grandson of Genghis Khan and second son of Ögedei Khan, Godan Khan was granted an appanage at Liangzhou (present-day Wuwei, Gansu) in 1239. In 1240 he sent an invasion force under Dorta into Tibet. The Mongols reached the Phanyul Valley north of Lhasa, killing some 500 monks and destroying and looting monasteries, villages and towns. The Gyal Lhakhang Monastery went up in flames and many monks of the Reting Monastery were slaughtered by the horsemen. The Drigung Monastery was saved, ostensibly since the Mongols believed that a sudden avalanche of stones could be attributed to the supernatural powers of the lamas. According to L. Petech, the Reting Monastery itself escaped destruction when Dorta reached Dam, and its abbot suggested the Mongols to contact Sakya Paṇḍita, who was a famous author and religious figure and could represent the Tibetans vis-à-vis the Mongols. According to J.Y. Chang, it was rather the Drigung abbot who made the proposal. Later chronicles assert that Dorta sent message to Prince Godan and enumerated the four foremost sects and lamas of Tibet: Kadam, Taklung, Drigung, and Sakya. Godan drew the conclusion that Sakya Pandita was an important and wise lama who could show the road to salvation, and ordered to send a letter of "invitation" and presents to him. The actual reason for selecting the Sakya might have been that the sect was specialized in magic rituals that resonated with Mongol beliefs, and was prominent in spreading Buddhist morality. It was also important that Sakya Paṇḍita was a religious hierarch by birth, and thus represented a dynastic continuity useful for the Mongol aim to rule via respected intermediaries.

paragraph: Section::::The stay at the Mongol court.

paragraph: In fact, recent research has shown that the letter of summons sent by Godan is a later fabrication. Nevertheless, Sakya Pandita was indeed summoned to come to Godan's royal camp at Liangzhou in 1244. The cleric left Sakya in the company of his two young nephews, the ten-year-old Phagpa and six-year-old Chakna Dorje. As he continually preached sermons along his way he did not arrive at Prince Godan's camp until 1246. There he had to wait for Godan who at the time participated in the Kurultai where Güyük Khan was enthroned. Sakya Paṇḍita and Godan first met in early 1247. He gave religious instruction to the prince and greatly impressed the court with his personality and powerful teachings. He is also said to have cured Prince Godan of a serious illness, probably leprosy. In return, he was allegedly given "temporal authority over the 13 myriarchies ["Trikor Chuksum"] of Central Tibet." Since the myriarchies were not yet constituted by this time the story is not entirely correct. It should be understood in the sense that Sakya Paṇḍita was used as the main agent of the Mongols in Tibetan affairs. Tibetan historians quote a long letter by his hand to the various clerical and temporal lords in Tibet in 1249. In order to spare Tibet from devastating invasions, he wrote, it was necessary that the local regimes unconditionally accepted Mongol overlordship. A census was to be taken, and the lords must henceforth carry out the administration in consultation with envoys dispatched by Sakya and in accordance with Mongol law. However, the sources keep silent about the actual imposition of Mongol rule in these years. The death of Güyük Khan in 1248 led to internal rivalries in the dynasty of Genghis Khan until the enthronement of Möngke Khan in 1251. This left Tibetan affairs in a state of limbo for the time being.

paragraph: Section::::Death and inheritance.

paragraph: Sakya Pandita died on 28 November 1251, at the age of seventy, in the Trulpaide temple in Liangzhou. As he did not marry, he chose his brother's son Chogyal Phagpa as his heir, and nominated him before his death as the successor to his religious authority by giving him his conch shell and begging bowl. After his death Phagpa continued his mission. The conch is one of the Ashtamangala and the begging bowl was a particular symbol of Gautama Buddha and the śramaṇas.

paragraph: After Sakya Pandita's death, the new Mongol ruler Möngke Khan chose to patronize the Drikung Kagyu while the other main schools were put under the protection of various Mongol princes. Nevertheless, a decree from 1252 stated that the Sakya precepts should be followed in the main. Meanwhile, Phagpa won a position in the court of Möngke's brother Kublai Khan and became the tantric guru of the prince in 1258. When Kubilai came to power in 1260 he appointed Phagpa "guoshi" "preceptor of the kingdom". Thus began a strong Sakya-Mongol alliance, and the see or "densa" () of Sakya became the administrative capital of Tibet in 1264. This lasted until about the middle of the 14th century. During the reign of the 14th Sakya Trizin, Lama Dampa Sonam Gyaltsen, the myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen of the Phagmodrupa Dynasty began to subordinate the Central Tibetan province Ü, marking the "beginning of the end of the period of Sakya power in Central Tibet."

paragraph: In the lineage of the Tibetan Panchen Lamas there were considered to be four Indian and three Tibetan tulkus of Amitābha before Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, 1st Panchen Lama. The lineage starts with Subhuti, one of the original disciples of Gautama Buddha. Sakya Paṇḍita is considered to be the second Tibetan emanation of Amitābha in this line.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: He is best known for his works such as the "Treasury of Logic on Valid Cognition (Tshad ma rigs pa'i gter)" and the "Discrimination of the Three Vows (sDom-gsum rab-dbye)". He produced five major works in all, the other three being "The Entrance Gate for the Wise (Mkhas pa rnams 'jug pa'i sgo)", "Clarifying the Sage's Intention (Thub pa'i dgongs gsal)", and the "Elegant Sayings of Sakya Pandita (sa skya legs bshad)." The latter is a collection of moral precepts in verse which was imitated by others and translated into Mongolian. He focused on doctrine and logic "basing himself upon the "Pramanavarttika" of Dharmakirti" and was very interested in rhetoric. With his profound knowledge of Indian Buddhism, Sakya Paṇḍita was observant of what was seen as aberrations in Tibetan Buddhism. He was suspicious of lamas who promised enlightenment without going through the consecutive stages of Buddhist practices and took a more conservative view. The scholastic tradition of Tibetan Buddhism owes much to him, and his works are still included in the monastic curricula today.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Five major works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Treasury of Logic on Valid Cognition (Tshad ma rigs pa'i gter)"The Padmakara Translation Group (2005: p. 37) holds that the "Tsod-ma rigs-gter", a celebrated work many consider Sakya Paṇḍita's "magnum opus", champions Dhamakirti's 'antirealism' by countering Chapa's (phya pa chos kyi seng ge, 1109–1169) interpretation of Dharmakirti.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Discrimination of the Three Vows (sDom-gsum rab-dbye)"Published in English as "A Clear Differentiation of the Three Codes: Essential Distinctions among the Individual Liberation, Great Vehicle, and Tantric Systems" by Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyaltshen, translated by Jared Douglas Rhoton. (State University of New York Press: 2001).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Entrance Gate for the Wise (Mkhas pa rnams 'jug pa'i sgo)"Section III published in English as "The Entrance Gate for the Wise (Section III): Saskya Pandita on Indian and Tibetan Traditions of Pramana and Philosophical Debate". by David P. Jackson (Arbeitskreis fur Tibetisch und Buddhistiche Studien Universiteit Wein: 1987); Section I published in English as "The Dharma's Gatekeepers: Sakya Pandita on Buddhist Scholarship in Tibet", by Jonathan C. Gold (SUNY: 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clarifying the Sage's Intention (Thub pa'i dgongs gsal)"A commentary on the on two verses of Maitreya-nātha’s "Mahayana-sutra-alamkara-karika", this serves as the main "Lam Rim" text in the Sakya school.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Elegant Sayings of Sakya Pandita (sa skya legs bshad)"Published in English as "Ordinary Wisdom: Sakya Pandita's Treasury of Good Advice," translated by John T. Davenport. (Wisdom Publications:2000 ).

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Other works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- sgra'i bstan bcos

paragraph: BULLET::::- tshad ma'i bstan bcos sde bdun gyi snying po rig pa'i gter 'grel pa dang bcas pa

paragraph: BULLET::::- bzo'i bstan bcos

paragraph: BULLET::::- sku gzugs kyi bstan bcos

paragraph: BULLET::::- sa brtag pa

paragraph: BULLET::::- bstan pa rin po che'i rtsis

paragraph: BULLET::::- yan lag brgyad pa'i bsdus don

paragraph: BULLET::::- phyogs bcu'i sangs rgyas byang chub sems dpa' la zhu ba'i 'phrin yig dang skyes bu dam pa rnams la springs yig sogs 'phrin yig dang zhus lan mang ba

paragraph: BULLET::::- grub mtha' rnam 'byed

paragraph: BULLET::::- pha rol phyin pa'i gzhung lugs spyi'i tshogs chos chen mo

paragraph: BULLET::::- bdag med ma'i bstod pa'i 'grel pa

paragraph: BULLET::::- rdo rje theg pa'i man ngag rten 'brel lnga'i yi ge

paragraph: BULLET::::- lam sbas bshad dang bla ma'i rnal 'byor

paragraph: BULLET::::- sems bskyed chen mo lung sbyor

paragraph: BULLET::::- chos nyams su blang ba'i rim pa

paragraph: BULLET::::- theg pa chen po'i lam gyi rnam gzhag mdor bsdus

paragraph: BULLET::::- bsngo ba'i yon bshad

paragraph: BULLET::::- bdag nyid kyi rnam thar nga brgyad ma'i rtsa 'grel

paragraph: BULLET::::- sdeb sbyor me tog gi chun po

paragraph: BULLET::::- snyan ngag mkhas pa'i kha rgyan

paragraph: BULLET::::- mngon brjod tshig gi gter

paragraph: BULLET::::- zlos gar rab dga'i 'jug pa

paragraph: BULLET::::- rol mo'i bstan bcos

paragraph: BULLET::::- byis pa bde blag tu 'jug pa'i 'grel pa

paragraph: BULLET::::- bstod pa rgyud gsum 'khor lo'i 'grel pa

paragraph: BULLET::::- sangs rgyas la bstod pa sogs bstod pa mang po mdzad

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Translations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pramānavārttika of Dharmakīrti (with Śākyaśrībhadra)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pramānavārttikatīkā of Śamkaranandana (with Samghaśrī)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samksiptapranidhāna of Candragomin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amarakośa of Amarasimha (partial)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kāvyādarśa of Dandin (partial)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Āryaguhyamanitilaka (tantra)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Āryavajrapātālatantrarāja

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarvatathāgatakāyavākcitta Guhyālamkāravyūhatantrarāja

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ganacakravidhi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yuganaddhaprakāśasekaprakriyā

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vajrakīlamūlatantra

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brian Cutillo's "Illuminations of Sakya Pandita"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Drogön Chögyal Phagpa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mongol conquest of Tibet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tibet under Yuan rule

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patron and priest relationship

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Partial translation of the "Elegant Sayings of Sakya Pandita (sa skya legs bshad")

paragraph: BULLET::::- H.E Chogye Trichen Rinpoche's website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Includes a short account of his life.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Some famous quotations of Sakya Pandita

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of the Phagpa script

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographical notes

description: Tibetan Lama

wikidata_label: Sakya Pandita

wikipedia_title: Sakya Pandita


text: Senator

text: Governor

text: Edo State

text: Nigeria

text: Esan West

text: Edo State

text: Nigeria

text: Igueben

text: Ekpoma

text: Edo State

text: Edo State

text: Nigeria

text: Nigerian Fourth Republic

text: People's Democratic Party

text: Edo State

text: Nigeria

text: People's Democratic Party

text: Adams Aliyu Oshiomhole

text: Action Congress

text: Benin City

text: Christian

text: Anglican

text: Knight

text: Saint Christopher

categories: People from Edo State,University of Nigeria, Nsukka alumni,20th-century Nigerian politicians,People's Democratic Party state governors of Nigeria,All Progressives Congress politicians,People's Democratic Party members of the Senate (Nigeria),1951 births,Governors of Edo State,Nigerian Christians,Nigerian Law School alumni,Living people

paragraph: Oserheimen Osunbor

paragraph: Oserheimen Osunbor, (born 5 October 1951), is a Nigerian lawyer and politician who was a Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007 and the Governor of Edo State of Nigeria from 29 May 2007 to 11 November 2008.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Oserheimen Osunbor was born on 5 October 1951 in Iruekpen, Esan West Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. He attended P.T.T.C Demonstration Primary School Igueben from 1957 to 1962, then Anglican Grammar School Ujoelen Ekpoma from 1963 to 1968 and then obtained his sixth from at Holy Trinity Grammar School Sabongidaa-Ora Edo State.

paragraph: Section::::Senatorial Office.

paragraph: Professor Oserheimen Osunbor was elected Senator for the Edo Central constituency of Edo State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999.

paragraph: After taking his seat in the Senate in June 1999 he was appointed to committees on Rules & Procedures, Ethics, Judiciary, Water Resources and Government Affairs (Chairman).

paragraph: Osunbor was reelected to his senate seat in April 2003.

paragraph: He also held Various chairmanship positions while in the Senate including: Chairman, Senate Committee on Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC); Chairman, Senate Committee on Judiciary, Human Rights and Legal Matters; Chairman, several Senate Ad-hoc Committees and National Assembly Joint Committees; Chairman, Sub-Committee on Legislature and Legislative List, National Assembly Joint Committee on Constitution Amendment. So profound was his impact that he was nicknamed "Attorney-General of the Senate" by his colleagues.

paragraph: Section::::Governorship.

paragraph: Osunbor was elected Governor of Edo State in Nigeria in April 2007 on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform.

paragraph: On 20 March 2008, the Edo State Governorship Election Tribunal declared that Osunbor's election was invalid, and asked the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) to withdraw his certificate and declare Adams Aliyu Oshiomhole of the Action Congress (AC) party the winner.

paragraph: On November 11, 2008, a federal Appeal Court sitting in Benin City upheld the ruling of the state's elections petitions tribunal, declaring Oshiomole to be the Governor of Edo State.

paragraph: The decision was based on several voting irregularities.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Oserheimen Osunbor is happily married with six children. He is a Christian of the Anglican denomination and a Knight of Saint Christopher

description: Nigerian politician

wikidata_label: Oserheimen Osunbor

wikipedia_title: Oserheimen Osunbor


text: footballer

text: winger

text: Gáldar

text: Las Palmas

text: third division

text: Universidad de Las Palmas CF

text: RCD Mallorca B

text: Real Unión

text: 2010–11 campaign

text: Basques

text: second level

text: Recreativo de Huelva

text: Deportivo de La Coruña

text: Real Zaragoza

text: La Liga

text: substitute

text: Real Sociedad

text: Aragon

text: Girona FC

text: season

text: free agent

text: CA Osasuna

text: Navarre

text: UD Almería

text: Extremadura UD

categories: Real Zaragoza players,Spanish footballers,UD Almería players,Girona FC players,Recreativo de Huelva players,1988 births,People from Gáldar, Las Palmas,Living people,Universidad de Las Palmas CF footballers,RCD Mallorca B players,Cultural Leonesa footballers,Segunda División B players,Segunda División players,Association football wingers,La Liga players,Canarian footballers,CA Osasuna players,Real Unión footballers

paragraph: Javi Álamo

paragraph: Javier 'Javi' Álamo Cruz (born 18 August 1988) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a winger.

paragraph: Section::::Football career.

paragraph: Born in Gáldar, Las Palmas, Álamo spent his first four seasons as a senior in the third division, with local Universidad de Las Palmas CF (two years), RCD Mallorca B and Real Unión. In the 2010–11 campaign he scored his first goals as a professional, but the Basques failed to return to the second level.

paragraph: Álamo joined Recreativo de Huelva for 2011–12. He made his official debut for his new club on 27 August 2011, playing the full 90 minutes in a 0–1 away loss against Deportivo de La Coruña.

paragraph: In late July 2012, Álamo signed a four-year contract with Real Zaragoza in La Liga. He first appeared in the competition on 16 September, coming on as a late substitute in a 0–2 defeat at Real Sociedad.

paragraph: After suffering relegation in his first season, Álamo became a regular starter for the Aragonese side. On 10 August 2015, he was loaned to fellow second tier club Girona FC in a season-long deal.

paragraph: On 31 August 2016, free agent Álamo signed a one-year contract with CA Osasuna, recently promoted to the top flight. The following 17 January, after being rarely used in Navarre, he was released by mutual consent and joined UD Almería hours later.

paragraph: On 5 January 2019, after six months without a club, Álamo signed for Extremadura UD still in the second division.

description: Spanish footballer

wikidata_label: Javier Álamo Cruz

wikipedia_title: Javi Álamo


text: United States Army

text: Medal of Honor

text: World War II

text: Battle of Saipan

text: Troy, New York

text: lieutenant colonel

text: 105th Infantry Regiment

text: 27th Infantry Division

text: Saipan

text: Marianas Islands

text: banzai charge

text: Donnay

text: double envelopment

text: sniper

text: fieldpiece

text: .50 caliber machine gun

text: jeep

text: USAT "Col. William J. O'Brien"

text: Pacific Ocean

text: World War II

text: Ogden J. Ross

text: Thomas Baker

text: Rensselaer County

categories: American army personnel killed in World War II,1899 births,United States Army officers,1944 deaths,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,Military personnel from Troy, New York

paragraph: William J. O'Brien (Medal of Honor)

paragraph: William Joseph O'Brien (1899 – July 7, 1944) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II during the Battle of Saipan.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: O'Brien joined the Army from his birth city of Troy, New York, and by June 20, 1944 was serving as a lieutenant colonel in the 1st Battalion, 105th Infantry Regiment, 27th Infantry Division. On that day, on Saipan in the Marianas Islands, he braved enemy fire to reach several American tanks which were unknowingly firing on their own troops. The next week, on June 28, he orchestrated and personally led an attack on a Japanese held ridge. On July 7 his battalion came under attack from a much larger enemy force, the largest banzai charge of the Pacific War. He refused to leave the front lines even after being wounded and continued to rally his men until being overrun and killed. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor on May 9, 1945, for his actions throughout the battle for Saipan.

paragraph: O'Brien, aged 44 or 45 at his death, was buried at Saint Peter's Cemetery in his hometown of Troy, New York.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Lieutenant Colonel O'Brien's official Medal of Honor citation reads:

paragraph: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty at Saipan, Marianas Islands, from 20 June through 7 July 1944. When assault elements of his platoon were held up by intense enemy fire, Lt. Col. O'Brien ordered 3 tanks to precede the assault companies in an attempt to knock out the strongpoint. Due to direct enemy fire the tanks' turrets were closed, causing the tanks to lose direction and to fire into our own troops. Lt. Col. O'Brien, with complete disregard for his own safety, dashed into full view of the enemy and ran to the leader's tank, and pounded on the tank with his pistol butt to attract 2 of the tank's crew and, mounting the tank fully exposed to enemy fire, Lt. Col. O'Brien personally directed the assault until the enemy strongpoint had been liquidated. On 28 June 1944, while his platoon was attempting to take a bitterly defended high ridge in the vicinity of Donnay, Lt. Col. O'Brien arranged to capture the ridge by a double envelopment movement of 2 large combat battalions. He personally took control of the maneuver. Lt. Col. O'Brien crossed 1,200 yards of sniper-infested underbrush alone to arrive at a point where 1 of his platoons was being held up by the enemy. Leaving some men to contain the enemy he personally led 4 men into a narrow ravine behind, and killed or drove off all the Japanese manning that strongpoint. In this action he captured 5 machine guns and one 77-mm. fieldpiece. Lt. Col. O'Brien then organized the 2 platoons for night defense and against repeated counterattacks directed them. Meanwhile he managed to hold ground. On 7 July 1944 his battalion and another battalion were attacked by an overwhelming enemy force estimated at between 3,000 and 5,000 Japanese. With bloody hand-to-hand fighting in progress everywhere, their forward positions were finally overrun by the sheer weight of the enemy numbers. With many casualties and ammunition running low, Lt. Col. O'Brien refused to leave the front lines. Striding up and down the lines, he fired at the enemy with a pistol in each hand and his presence there bolstered the spirits of the men, encouraged them in their fight and sustained them in their heroic stand. Even after he was seriously wounded, Lt. Col. O'Brien refused to be evacuated and after his pistol ammunition was exhausted, he manned a .50 caliber machine gun, mounted on a jeep, and continued firing. When last seen alive he was standing upright firing into the Japanese hordes that were then enveloping him. Some time later his body was found surrounded by enemy he had killed. His valor was consistent with the highest traditions of the service.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: The U.S. Army ship USAT "Col. William J. O'Brien", which served in the Pacific Ocean at the end of World War II, was named in his honor.

paragraph: In November 2009, a memorial honoring O'Brien and fellow Troy natives Major General Ogden J. Ross and Sergeant Thomas Baker was installed in the Rensselaer County office building. Baker, like O'Brien a member of the 105th Infantry, was also posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions on Saipan; he died there within hours of O'Brien. Ross was a former commander of the 105th Infantry and an assistant divisional commander during the Battle of Saipan. The memorial includes replicas of the Medals of Honor awarded to O'Brien and Baker.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

wikidata_label: William J. O'Brien

wikipedia_title: William J. O'Brien (Medal of Honor)


text:
Bhadrabahu
Śvētāmbara
Jainism
Nanda
Jain monk
Bhadrabahu
Purva

categories: 3rd-century BC Jain monks,297 BC births,198 BC deaths,3rd-century BC Indian monks,3rd-century BC Indian Jains,Indian Jain monks,Place of birth missing,2nd-century BC Indian Jains,2nd-century BC Jain monks,2nd-century BC Indian monks

paragraph: Sthulabhadra

paragraph: Sthulabhadra (297–198 BCE) was a disciple of Bhadrabahu. The Śvētāmbara tradition of Jainism trace their lineage through Sthulabhadra.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was a son of the ninth Nanda's minister Sakatala and brother of Shrikaya. He denied ministry after the death of his father and became a Jain monk. He became a disciple of Sambhutavijaya. Sthulabhadra became a leader of the sangha as bhadrabahu was in Nepal at the time when the Sanga announced the decision. He organized a council at Pataliputra to compile the Śvētāmbara canonical texts. Later he became a disciple of Bhadrabahu for 8 years to learn the Purvas. Bhadrabahu refused to teach him the last 4 Purvas because Sthulabhadra used his knowledge in vain.

paragraph: He was succeeded by his disciples Mahagiri and Suhasti.

paragraph: Sthulabhadra permitted the use of white cloth by his order during the famine. He is thus sometimes thought to be the originator of the Swetambara order.

description: Jain leader

wikidata_label: Sthulabhadra

wikipedia_title: Sthulabhadra


text:
fl.
Provençal
troubadour
Blacas
Aulps
the Empire
Blacatz
vida
Charles I of Naples
Raymond Berengar IV of Provence
sirventes
cansos
coblas
F major
Theobald I of Navarre
tenso
Guilhem de Montanhagol
trobar clus

categories: 1242 deaths,Troubadours,French male poets,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Blacasset

paragraph: Blacasset, Blacassetz, Blacssetz, or Blachessetz (fl. 1233–1242) was a Provençal troubadour of the noble family of the Blacas, lords of Aulps, in the Empire. He was probably a son of the troubadour Blacatz, as his "vida" alleges, though this has come into doubt. He was also distantly related to Charles I of Naples and Raymond Berengar IV of Provence. According to his "vida", he was like his father in merit, good deeds, and munificence, and also reputed to be a good lover.

paragraph: "Blacasset" is a diminutive of his father's name (). A document of 1238 (two years after his father's death) mentions three sons of the elder Blacatz, two of which were named Blacacius. Blacasset was not a professional troubadour, but, like his father, an amateur. Eleven of his works survive, three "sirventes", four "cansos", and four "coblas", including one single-stanza "canso" with a melody in F major, "Ben volgra quem venques merces". This song was appended to a manuscript of the "chansonnier du roi" of Theobald I of Navarre in the early fourteenth-century. Among his other works are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Lunel lutz una luna luzens", a "tenso" with Guilhem de Montanhagol in the "trobar clus" style about a lady, Guiza (Gauzeranda) de Lunel

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lo bels douz temps mi platz", a "sirventes" he wrote for the "conte de Proensa" (count of Provence)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De guerra fi desiros"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mos voler es quez eu m' eslanz"

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aubrey, Elizabeth. "The Music of the Troubadours". Indiana University Press, 1996. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bertoni, G. "Il complemento del conzoniere provenzale di Bernart Amoros." "Giornale storico della letteratura italiana", 34 (1899) pp. 118–140.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Egan, Margarita, ed. and trans. "The Vidas of the Troubadours". New York: Garland, 1984. .

description: French poet

wikidata_label: Blacasset

wikipedia_title: Blacasset


text:
corporate raid
R. A. Brierley Investments
Galleries Lafayette
Air New Zealand
Wellington
Wellington College
Sydney Cricket and Sports Ground Trust
New Zealand Cricket
Knight Bachelor
1988 New Year Honours
Guinness Peat Group
London Stock Exchange
Deutsche Börse
Guinness Peat Directors

categories: 1937 births,New Zealand investors,People educated at Wellington College (New Zealand),Corporate raiders,New Zealand businesspeople,Living people,New Zealand Knights Bachelor,People from Wellington City

paragraph: Ron Brierley

paragraph: Sir Ronald Alfred Brierley (born 2 August 1937) is a New Zealand investor and corporate raider, chairman and director of a number of companies in Australia, New Zealand and the UK.

paragraph: He founded "R. A. Brierley Investments" (BIL; from October 2007 "GuocoLeisure" ) in March 1961 with no capital. By 1984 BIL was the largest company in New Zealand by market capitalization, and in 1987 had 160,000 shareholders, with a stake in over 300 companies, including Paris department store Galleries Lafayette and Air New Zealand.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Brierley was born in Wellington during 1937 to middle class parents. He went to primary school at Island Bay School, and Wellington College.

paragraph: At Wellington College he joined the New Stamp Dealers Federation, and began his first business venture selling stamps to students and staff. He is still one of the largest buyers and sellers of stamps in the world, and he is recognised by the name "Lionheart".

paragraph: Brierley is a fan of cricket, being a Trustee of the Sydney Cricket and Sports Ground Trust 1988-96, and President of New Zealand Cricket in 1995. He also likes travelling by train. He was made a Knight Bachelor in the 1988 New Year Honours, for services to business management and the community.

paragraph: Section::::Business career.

paragraph: Section::::Business career.:Early career.

paragraph: Ron Brierley began his career as the publisher of a horse racing tip sheet. He followed this with an investment analysis newsletter "Stocks and Shares" which he founded in 1956 at age 19. This sought to identify undervalued special situations and suggest what could be done with the companies.

paragraph: His first bid via R.A.Brierley Investments Ltd was for the Otago Farmers Co-Operative Association in July 1961, which had become attractive as a target due to its cheapness, its unusual legal structure and the company being moved to an unofficial NZX bourse due to failing to comply with exchange listing requirements. While Brierley's offer was rejected, the company was forced into a change in policy and the market price of the company leapt upwards.

paragraph: Other targets of Sir Ron Brierley's activist investment style in the 1960s and 1970s included the Southern Cross Building Society, the Finance Corporation of New Zealand, Citizens and Graziers and the Southern Farmers Co-operative Ltd in Australia. Many of these companies shares similar traits in that they were largely family controlled, inefficient, with lazy balance sheets, complacent management and surplus assets.

paragraph: Brierley's view was that his holding company, Brierley Investments Ltd, was "a monitoring organisation that continually evaluated the performance of various companies and acted as a catalyst to promote the most effective ownership of a company."

paragraph: Section::::Business career.:Post BIL.

paragraph: On 29 March 1990 Brierley was appointed chairman of investment holding company Guinness Peat Group (GPG). As chairman Brierley publicly attacked and defeated the plan to merge the London Stock Exchange with Deutsche Börse in 2001.

paragraph: In December 2015, Sir Ron Brierley, through his new company, Mercantile Investments, launched a hostile takeover of Australian shipping company Richfield International.

paragraph: Section::::Quotes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ron is direct - he likes to call a spade, a spade." Blake Nixon, GPG's managing director

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ron and Gary Weiss don't often come second when they fight, and when they do, they usually walk away with a lot of money." - Investment banker

paragraph: BULLET::::- "There is more good wine wasting away than being drunk when it should be." Ron Brierley at 21 Restaurant June 8th 2019

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guinness Peat Directors

description: New Zealand businessman

wikidata_label: Ron Brierley

wikipedia_title: Ron Brierley


text:
British
mineralogist
Derby
St Petersburg
Derby
Sarah
White Watson
Derby Museum
spar
Matlock Bath
Rio de la Plata
Cadiz
Montevideo
William Beresford
John Whitelocke
Buenos Aires
schooner
Brazil
Santa Catarina
Minas Gerais
The Strand
Somerset House
Royal Geological Society of Cornwall
Cheltenham
Castleton
James Tennant
Sarah Mawe
Travels in the Interior of Brazil
Wodarch's Introduction to Conchology
Gilbert's
Annalen
Geological Society
James Sowerby

categories: 1829 deaths,People from Derby,1764 births

paragraph: John Mawe

paragraph: John Mawe (1764 – 26 October 1829) was a British mineralogist who became known for his practical approach to the discipline.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mawe was born in Derby in 1764 to Samuel Maw(e). His mother died when he was ten and he was raised by his father's second wife, Francis (born Beigton). In early life he appears to have spent fifteen years at sea. In 1790, he became captain of the merchant vessel "Trent", trading to St Petersburg.

paragraph: In 1793, Mawe was apprenticed to the Derby mason Richard Brown (1736–1816), and married his daughter, Sarah, on 1 November 1794. Brown & Mawe was the name of the retail business near Covent Garden in 1797 which sold objects created from Derbyshire marble at the factory in Derby. Mawe was manager of this business. This business was established in 1794. Geological diagrams of Derbyshire strata which are made from Derbyshire minerals were once thought to have all been created by White Watson but it is now thought likely that some of these objects in Derby Museum were actually created by Mawe & Brown.

paragraph: About the end of the century he made a tour of most of the mines in England and Scotland, collecting minerals for the cabinet of the king of Spain. In 1800 he owned the Royal Museums spar shop in Matlock Bath which, through his agent, he was to enter into dispute with Thomas Pearson concerning surrounding mines.

paragraph: In August 1804 he started on a "voyage of commercial experiment" to Rio de la Plata funded by Portugal's Prince Regent. His missions was to assess the value of the gold and diamond industries that might revitalize Brazil's ailing economy. Mawe had reached Cadiz when war broke out between England and Spain, and he was blockaded in the town where he was taken ill and nearly died. He sailed from Cadiz in March 1805 for Montevideo, and on reaching that town was imprisoned as an English spy. He procured his liberty soon after, but was interned, and did not obtain his release till the capture of Montevideo by William Beresford in 1806. He accompanied the expedition under John Whitelocke to Buenos Aires, and on his return to Montevideo purchased a schooner and sailed to Brazil, putting in at various ports on the way, including the island of Santa Catarina. He was well received in Brazil by the prince regent, who gave him permission to visit the diamond mines of Minas Gerais and other parts of the interior during 1809–10, and also granted him access to the government archives.

paragraph: Mawe returned to London in 1811, and opening a shop in The Strand, close to Somerset House, became well known as a practical mineralogist. In 1813 he was elected to the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, and in 1817 he received the diploma of the Jena Mineralogischen Gesellschaft.

paragraph: Mawe and his wife Sarah had two children, a son and a daughter. Their son, John Saint Mawe (1797–1820), died aged 22; Sarah requested in her will that she be buried beside him. Their daughter married Anthony Tissington Tatlow (1789–1828), who became a partner of Mawe's in a shop in Cheltenham in 1816.

paragraph: Mawe died in London on 26 October 1829. A tablet to his memory is in Castleton church, Derbyshire. His business was carried on by James Tennant the mineralogist, in partnership with Mawe's widow Sarah until 1840. Sarah Mawe had the title of "Mineralogist to Her Majesty" until she retired.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Mawe's principal work was the account of his South American voyage, "Travels in the Interior of Brazil", London, 1812; Philadelphia, 1816; 2nd edition, 1823.

paragraph: He also wrote:

paragraph: He edited the 2nd edit. of "Wodarch's Introduction to Conchology", 1822, and wrote a paper on "The Occurrence of Diamonds, &c., in Brazil" for Gilbert's "Annalen" lix. (1818), besides one "On the Tourmaline and Apatite of Devonshire" for the "Quart. Journ. of Science", iv. (1818). He appears also to have issued at some time "Directions to Captains of Ships, Officers, and Travellers; particularly to those engaged in the South Sea Fishery" (for collecting shells). A manuscript paper "On a Gold Mine in South America" is preserved in the library of the Geological Society.

paragraph: A number of Mawe's publications were extensively illustrated by James Sowerby and his sons, who specialised in detailed colour plates.

description: British mineralogist

wikidata_label: John Mawe

wikipedia_title: John Mawe


text:
Charity Bryant
Easton, Massachusetts
Revolutionary War
Weybridge, Vermont
William Cullen Bryant

categories: 1868 deaths,LGBT people from Massachusetts,1784 births

paragraph: Sylvia Drake

paragraph: Sylvia Drake (October 31, 1784 - February 13, 1868) was an American tailor and the long-term partner of Charity Bryant. The relationship between the two women was extensively documented through business papers, letters, and diary entries, and it has helped shed light on the realities of same-sex relationships in the nineteenth century.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sylvia Drake was born on October 31, 1784 in Easton, Massachusetts to Mary Drake (née Manley) and Thomas Drake II. She was the youngest of eight children. Although the Drake family had weathered the Revolutionary War in relative safety, the economic crisis that followed impacted them particularly hard and they were bankrupt by 1788. The family was separated for much of the next ten years as they searched for work until Drake’s older brother, Asaph, established a household in Weybridge, Vermont. Drake’s father died on the journey in January 1798, but in 1799, Drake and her mother settled in Weybridge.

paragraph: As a teenager, Drake was visited by a number of young men “paying their respect” to her, but she did not express interest in any of them. In February 1807, Drake met Charity Bryant, a friend of her older sister who had recently arrived in Weybridge. In July of the same year, Drake moved into Bryant’s rented home there and, as she later wrote in her diary, “commenced serving in company with Dear Miss B.”

paragraph: In January of 1809, the two women moved into a house of their very own out of which they ran their tailor shop. They were well-known members of their town, and in the spring of 1822, many members of the community assisted with major renovations to their house. Indeed, to the people of Weybridge, there was generally little publicly expressed concern about the women’s relationship. When it came to tax documents and census records, Bryant was listed as the head of the household, and the people who knew them often spoke of them in terms generally used to discuss marriage. In the words of Bryant’s nephew, famed romantic poet, William Cullen Bryant“If I were permitted to draw the veil of private life, I would briefly give you the singular, and to me interesting, story of two maiden ladies who dwell in this valley. I would tell you how, in their youthful days, they took each other as companions for life, and how this union, no less sacred to them than the tie of marriage, has subsisted, in uninterrupted harmony, for more than forty years.”

paragraph: Not everyone was so amiable, though; Drake’s mother and some of her brothers did not visit often, but ultimately “the family compromised its embargo to preserve…amity.”

paragraph: Both Bryant and Drake frequently suffered from poor health. (Sheldon) Drake, in particular, was prone to severe migraines. Over the years, they turned to a variety of treatments for their ailments, often exploring both chemical and natural remedies, which gave them the medical knowledge to assist friends and family when necessary. Bryant’s ill-health ultimately caught up with her, and she died of a heart attack on October 6, 1851.

paragraph: Following Bryant’s death, Drake was occupied with both running their business on her own, as well as managing the house that Bryant had left her. In 1859, she moved out of her home to live with and care for her elderly brother, Asaph. Drake was eighty-three years old when she died on February 13, 1868. She was buried in the same plot as Bryant on Weybridge Hill and in the summer of 1868, a joint headstone with both of their names was erected at the site.

description: American tailor

wikidata_label: Sylvia Drake

wikipedia_title: Sylvia Drake


text: Charlottenburg

text: Walter Benjamin

text: Marlene Dietrich

text: Karl Kraus

text: Hedwig Lachmann

text: Gustav Landauer

text: Adolf Hitler's rise to power

text: Jew

text: Auschwitz II-Birkenau

text: Stolperstein

text: Entry for Charlotte Joel

text: Entry for Charlotte Joel

text: Wiederständige Künstlerinnen

categories: People from West Prussia,1943 deaths,German Jews,German Jews who died in the Holocaust,1880s births,Portrait photographers,People from Berlin,German women photographers,20th-century photographers

paragraph: Charlotte Joël

paragraph: Charlotte Joël (1882 or 1887–1943) was a German photographer.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Joël teamed up with photographer Marie Heinzelmann around 1918 and opened the photo studio "Joël & Heinzelmann" in Charlottenburg. She was mainly interested in portrait photography, her portraits of well-known subjects included Walter Benjamin, Marlene Dietrich, Karl Kraus, Hedwig Lachmann or Gustav Landauer.

paragraph: After Adolf Hitler's rise to power, she was no longer able to work in her profession as a Jew from 1933, but the studio continued under the name "Joël & Heinzelmann" until 1938/39. With the help of her friend Clara Grunwald, Joël came to Landwerk Neuendorf, a Jewish workers' colony and training center, where she worked in the canteen.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: On April 19, 1943, Joël was deported from Berlin to the extermination camp Auschwitz II-Birkenau on transport no. 37, where she was murdered.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Legacy.

paragraph: In 2013, a Stolperstein was laid in Berlin at Klopstockstraße 19 for "Charlotte Joel".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of victims and survivors of Auschwitz

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Entry for Charlotte Joel in The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names (here year of birth: 1882)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Entry for Charlotte Joel in The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names (here year of birth: 1887)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wiederständige Künstlerinnen". Lecture by Sabine Krusen on Charlotte Joel, Ilse Schaeffer, Julie Wolfthorn at the Inselgalerie in Berlin, April 19, 2012. Retrieved 2018-10-21.

description: German photographer

wikidata_label: Charlotte Joël

wikipedia_title: Charlotte Joël


text: Hawaiian Islands

text: Greenwich, Connecticut

text: Koloa, Hawaii

text: Kauai

text: William Owen Smith

text: Alfred S. Hartwell

categories: 1891 deaths,1816 births,American missionaries

paragraph: Melicent Knapp Smith

paragraph: Melicent Knapp Smith (October 15, 1816 – September 24, 1891) was an American educator and Christian missionary in the Hawaiian Islands. She was a member of the Tenth Company sent to the islands by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in 1841.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Melicent Knapp was born in Greenwich, Connecticut, the daughter of Jared Knapp and Mary Owen Knapp. Her brother Horton Owen Knapp (1813-1845) was also a missionary in Hawaii, preceding her by five years.

paragraph: Section::::In Hawaii.

paragraph: Melicent Knapp arrived in Hawaii with her new husband, a medical missionary, in 1842, as a member of the Tenth Company sent by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM). They were stationed at Koloa, Hawaii on the island of Kauai. She looked after their congregation and household, and provided hospitality for the wives and children of visiting sea captains, while her husband treated patients all over the island. She started and operated the Koloa Boarding School for Girls, teaching with two of her daughters, Emma and Lottie, from 1861 until 1871. She also taught Bible study and sewing classes for Hawaiian women.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Melicent Knapp married physician James William Smith in 1841. They had nine children born between 1843 and 1857, including William Owen Smith (1848-1929), Jared Knapp Smith (1849-1897), and Melicent Philena Smith Waterhouse (1854-1943). Two daughters, both named Mary, died in infancy. Melicent Knapp Smith was widowed in 1887 and died in 1891 in Koloa, aged 74 years. Her gravesite is in the churchyard at Koloa Union Church. The Smith Family papers are archived at the Kauai Historical Society.

paragraph: Alfred S. Hartwell was one of Melicent Knapp Smith's sons-in-law. Her descendants included grandson Alfred Herbert Waterhouse (1877-1948). The Koloa Scholarship Fund was established in memory of James William Smith, Melicent Knapp Smith, Jared Knapp Smith, Alfred Waterhouse, and Mabel Plamer Waterhouse.

description: American educator

wikidata_label: Melicent Knapp Smith

wikipedia_title: Melicent Knapp Smith


text:
Khordha
Paika rebellion
Jagirs
Major Fletcher
zamindars
Banapur
Ghumsur
Kandhas
Odia film on Bakshi Jagabandhu

categories: People from Khordha district,1773 births,Executed Indian people,People from Odisha,People executed by British India,Indian revolutionaries,19th-century Indian people

paragraph: Bakshi Jagabandhu

paragraph: Jagabandhu Bidyadhara Mohapatra Bhramarbara Rai popularly known as "Bakshi Jagabandhu ()" or "Paika Bakshi" was the commander (Bakshi) of the forces of the king of Khordha. He is one of the earliest freedom fighters of India. The great Paika rebellion in 1817 was under his leadership.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Jagabandhu Bidyadhara had got the title of "Bakshi" in inheritance from his ancestors which represents the rank of the commander of the forces of the King of Khurda. It was the rank second only to the king. His family was provided with Jagirs (grants of lands and other requisites) and the estate of ‘Killa Roranga’ for generations by the King of Khurda.

paragraph: Section::::The Paika Rebellion.

paragraph: It was the first rebellion of the "paika" (soldiers of Odisha) with the support of common people against the British Rule. The land revenue policy of the British was the primary cause of the rebellion in 1817. The rent free land tenures provided to the soldiers for their military service on a hereditary basis were taken away in the settlement by Major Fletcher as their service were not required anymore. This policy resulted in the deprivation of Bakshi Jagabandhu from his estates and forced him to depend on the voluntary contributions from the people of Khurda. This policy also affected the zamindars as well as ryots. Another important cause for that great event was the raise in salt price.

paragraph: As a result, Bakshi Jagabandhu led the tribals of Banapur and Ghumsur and bravely marched towards Khurda to fight against colonial power. The rebellion received extensive support from the common people. Even the Kandhas of Banapur became successful in their revolutionary activities. The rebellion was expanded throughout the state and continued for a quite long time. However, the less number of paika were unable to defend the well equipped British counterpart and receded back to the jungles. In this operation bands of paika were hunted down and many were brutally murdered.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2008/feb-march-2008/engpdf/51-52.pdf

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://books.google.com/books?id=R0ddg1vMjl8C&lpg=PA61&ots=dK3h9iH3vK&dq=Bakshi%20Jagabandhu&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=Bakshi%20Jagabandhu&f=false

paragraph: Odia film on Bakshi Jagabandhu

alias:
Buxi Jagabandhu
Paika Bakshi

description: freedom fighter

wikidata_label: Bakshi Jagabandhu

wikipedia_title: Bakshi Jagabandhu


text:
Croatia
Gorgona Group
meander
Tübingen
Ivan Kožarić
Dimitrije Bašičević
Leverkusen
Venice Biennale
Juraj Dobrović
Vjenceslav Richter
Munich
Centre Georges Pompidou

categories: Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery,People from Osijek,2004 deaths,Vladimir Nazor Award winners,1924 births,20th-century Croatian painters,Contemporary artists

paragraph: Julije Knifer

paragraph: Julije Knifer (23 April 1924 – 7 December 2004) was a Croatian abstract painter and a founding member of the 1960s Croatian art collective known as the Gorgona Group.

paragraph: The central motif of Knifer’s art is the exploration of meander, a geometric form which he had been creating since 1960 in various painting techniques such as print, oil, acrylic paint, collage and mural. An example of which is the colossal meander created by Knifer on a 20 x 30 m canvas in a quarry in Tübingen (1975).

paragraph: He was also one of the founding members of the Gorgona Group, whose members from 1959 to 1966 were: Miljenko Horvat, Ivan Kožarić, Marijan Jevšovar, Dimitrije Bašičević (who works under the name Mangelos), Matko Meštrović, Radoslav Putar, Đuro Seder and Josip Vaništa. In 1961 he participated at the first New Tendencies’ exhibition in Zagreb. He exhibited at many national and international shows including, The "New Tendencies" exhibitions (1961, 1963, 1969 and 1973), "Art Abstrait Constructif International" at the Denise René Gallery (Paris, 1961–1962), "Konstruktivisten" at the Städtisches Museum Leverkusen (Leverkusen, 1962), "Oltre l’informale" (San Marino, 1963), the Venice Biennale (1976 and 2001), the São Paulo Art Biennale (1973 with Juraj Dobrović and Vjenceslav Richter, 1979 and 1981). He collaborated with the Dany Keller Gallery in Munich, the Hoffmann Gallery in Friedberg and the Frank Elbaz Gallery in Paris. This increased the number of his works in private and museum collections which are now held in many prominent institutions across the world including the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris.

paragraph: In 1994 he moved to Paris, where he lived until his death. His first posthumous exhibition was organized by Arnauld Pierre at the Frank Elbaz Gallery in Paris (2010). In 2002 he was the recipient of the Vladimir Nazor Life Achievement Award.

paragraph: In 2016, Knifer's painting "PLS 69" (1969) was sold in an auction in Vienna for €137,000, which was at the time the highest price ever paid for a work of Croatian modern art.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biro, Adam & Pierre, Arnauld "Knifer: Méandres" (Paris, 2001).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maković, Zvonko "Julije Knifer" (Meandar & Studio Rašić, Zagreb, 2002).

description: Croatian painter

wikidata_label: Julije Knifer

wikipedia_title: Julije Knifer


text:
Slovak
ice hockey
defenceman
HC Nové Zámky
Slovak Extraliga

categories: People from Zvolen,1984 births,HC Nové Zámky players,HC 07 Detva players,Újpesti TE (ice hockey) players,Slovak ice hockey players,HKm Zvolen players,MsHK Žilina players,Living people

paragraph: Michal Juraško

paragraph: Michal Juraško (born April 21, 1984) is a Slovak professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for HC Nové Zámky in the Slovak Extraliga.

description: Slovak ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Michal Juraško

wikipedia_title: Michal Juraško


text:
Czech
ice hockey
defenceman
HKm Zvolen
Slovak Extraliga

categories: Czech ice hockey players,HKm Zvolen players,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Jan Hranáč

paragraph: Jan Hranáč is a Czech professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for HKm Zvolen in the Slovak Extraliga.

description: Czech ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Jan Hranáč

wikipedia_title: Jan Hranáč


text: Anglo-Saxon

text: hermit

text: biographies

text: Acta Sanctorum

text: Abbey of Fécamp

text: Normandy

text: Chidham

text: Bosham

text: Steyning

text: Saint Wilfrid

text: wheelbarrow

text: withies

text: Æthelwulf of Wessex

text: Chanctonbury Ring

text: Devil's Dyke

text: Dell

text: Martin Schongauer

text: Bollandist

text: Ripon Cathedral

text: Henry VIII

text: Christopher Fry

text: Lyric Theatre

text: Hammersmith

text: John Gielgud

text: Richard Burton

text: History of Christianity in Sussex

text: Volume II.197-199

text: Saint Cuthmann of Steyning

text: Possible text from the life of Cuthman

categories: People from Chichester District,Steyning,South Saxon saints,7th-century English people,English hermits,8th-century deaths,681 births,8th-century Christian saints

paragraph: Cuthmann of Steyning

paragraph: Saint Cuthmann of Steyning (8th century), also spelt Cuthman, was an Anglo-Saxon hermit and church-builder.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Birth.

paragraph: In the biographies of the saints called the "Acta Sanctorum" which were preserved at the Abbey of Fécamp in Normandy it is said that he was born about 681, either in Devon or Cornwall, or more probably at Chidham, near Bosham, about 25 miles from Steyning. A birth in Chidham at that date would place him in the right time and area to be preached to by Saint Wilfrid, the Apostle of Sussex (680–685), and would probably make Wilfrid the man who converted and baptised Cuthmann and his parents.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Travels to Steyning.

paragraph: His legend states he was a shepherd who had to care for his paralysed mother after his father's death. When they fell on hard times and were forced to beg from door to door, he built a one-wheeled cart or wheelbarrow (with a rope from the handles over his shoulders taking part of the weight) in which he moved her around with him. They set out east, towards the rising sun, from his home and, even though the rope broke, he improvised a new one from withies, deciding that when that rope broke he would accept it as a sign from God to stop at that place and build a church. The withy rope broke at the place now called Steyning, upon which (according to his biography) he prayed:

paragraph: After building a hut to accommodate his mother and himself, he began work on the church (now St Andrew's, Steyning, which in the 20th century instituted a Cuthmann chapel in his honour), with help from the locals. As the church was nearing completion and Cuthmann was having difficulty with a roof-beam, a stranger showed him how to fix it. When Cuthmann asked his name, he replied:

paragraph: Whatever date is ascribed to Cuthmann, this church was in existence by 857, when King Æthelwulf of Wessex was buried there.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Other legends.

paragraph: According to one legend, Chanctonbury Ring near Steyning was created by the Devil who became so angry at the conversion of England thanks to 'apostles' like Cuthmann that he decided to dig a channel by night to let in the sea and drown the Christians of Sussex. Fortunately, Cuthmann found out the Devil’s plan and tricked him by holding a candle behind a sieve and knocking the local cock off its perch. When the Devil saw the light and heard the cock crow, he fled the scene, leaving his great plan unfinished and giving us a complex of hills (the mounds of earth from his digging), including Chanctonbury Ring and the nearby ‘Devil's Dyke.’

paragraph: According to another, whilst he was a shepherd, one day he drew a line around his sheep with his staff so that he could get away to collect food. On his return, he found that the flock had not left the invisible boundary. This miracle may have taken place in a field near Chidham, which for centuries was known as ‘St Cuthman’s Field’ or ‘St Cuthman’s Dell.’ It was said that a large stone in the field, ‘on which the holy shepherd was in the habit of sitting,’ held miraculous properties.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: Cuthmann was venerated as a saint in the Steyning area before the Norman Conquest. In charters of William the Conqueror Steyning is sometimes called "St. Cuthman's Port" or "St. Cuthman's Parish".

paragraph: The translation of his relics to Fécamp led to his becoming well known on the continent and even to his feast being celebrated at many of the religious houses of Normandy. This can be seen most clearly in a German engraving of him with his "cart" by Martin Schongauer, and the inclusion, transcription (from an anonymous source) and printing of his Life in the saints' lives collected in 1658 in the Bollandist "Acta Sanctorum", giving his feast day as 8 February.

paragraph: There is also a choir seat carving at Ripon Cathedral dating from a few decades after 1450 (with him and a three-wheeled wheelbarrow) and at his birthplace of Chidham there was a Guild of St Cuthman, subject to a tax in 1522 under Henry VIII.

paragraph: Though the church he founded at Steyning was later re-dedicated to Andrew not Cuthmann, moves began in January 2007 within the parish to have it rededicated to "St Andrew and St Cuthman", giving the apostle Andrew precedence but reincluding Cuthmann – these moves succeeded and the church is now dedicated to "St Andrew and St Cuthman".

paragraph: The church also has a Cuthmann chapel and a statue of him outside by artist Penny Reeve, while a picture of him with his wheelbarrow also continues to be Steyning's logo on its town sign.

paragraph: Christopher Fry wrote a play on him in 1938 called "The Boy with a Cart", performed at the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith, in 1950, directed by John Gielgud and with Richard Burton as Cuthman, from which the following is a quote:

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Christianity in Sussex

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Acta Sanctorum Volume II.197-199

paragraph: BULLET::::- G. R. Stephens, W. D. Stephens, 'Cuthman: A Neglected Saint', "Speculum", Vol. 13, No. 4 (October, 1938), pp. 448–453

paragraph: BULLET::::- C. Grant Loomis, 'The American Tall Tale and the Miraculous', "California Folklore Quarterly", Vol. 4, No. 2 (April, 1945), page 119 – tells of Cuthmann hanging his gloves upon a sunbeam

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patron Saints Index entry on Saint Cuthman

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Cuthmann of Steyning

paragraph: BULLET::::- Possible text from the life of Cuthman

description: Anglo-Saxon hermit

wikidata_label: Cuthmann of Steyning

wikipedia_title: Cuthmann of Steyning


href: 1062 1141 Rajab Central%20Asian Sufi Khwajagan Naqshbandi shrine Merv Hamadan 1062 Baghdad Shafi%27i Hanafi%20school Ibn%20Khallikan hadith fiqh Baghdad jurisprudent Marja%27 Isfahan Bukhara Samarqand Khwarazm Herat Merv tomb Khwajagan Ahmed%20Yesevi Abdul%20Khaliq%20Gajadwani Naqshbandi silsila Naqshbandi

text:
1062
1141
Rajab
Central Asian
Sufi
Khwajagan
Naqshbandi
shrine
Merv
Hamadan
1062
Baghdad
Shafi'i
Hanafi school
Ibn Khallikan
hadith
fiqh
Baghdad
jurisprudent
Marja
Isfahan
Bukhara
Samarqand
Khwarazm
Herat
Merv
tomb
Khwajagan
Ahmed Yesevi
Abdul Khaliq Gajadwani
Naqshbandi
silsila
Naqshbandi

categories: Year of birth uncertain,Year of birth unknown,12th-century jurists,Sufi teachers,1140 deaths,11th-century jurists,Iranian Sufis

paragraph: Yusuf Hamadani

paragraph: Abu Yaqub Yusuf Hamdani (born 1062 /440 H - died March 1141 /Rajab 535 H) is the first of the group of Central Asian Sufi teachers known simply as "Khwajagan" (the Masters) of the Naqshbandi order. His shrine is at Merv (Turkmenistan).

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Buzanjird near Hamadan in 1062, he moved from Hamadan to Baghdad when he was eighteen years of age. He studied the Shafi'i school of fiqh under the supervision of the master of his time, Shaykh Ibrahim ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Fairuzabadi. He kept association in Baghdad with the great scholar, Abu Ishaq ash-Shirazi, who gave him greater deference than to any of his other students although he was the youngest. But he adhered to the Hanafi school unlike his teachers.

paragraph: According to Ibn Khallikan, he began his religious career with the cultivation of the religious sciences, becoming both a respected scholar of hadith and fiqh and a popular preacher in Baghdad. He was so brilliant a jurisprudent that he became the Marja of his time for all scholars in that field. He was known in Baghdad, the center of Islamic knowledge, in Isfahan, Bukhara, Samarqand, Khwarazm, and throughout Central Asia.

paragraph: Later he abandoned these pursuits, adopting an intensely ascetic way of life and travelled east, first settling in Herat and later in Merv, where his tomb is still reputed to exist. He became an ascetic and engaged in constant worship and mujahada (spiritual struggle), instructed by Shaykh Abu 'Ali al-Farmadhi. He associated with Shaykh Abdullah Ghuwayni and Shaykh Hasan Simnani. He named four khalifas or successors, a pattern that repeated itself for several succeeding generations of the Khwajagan, including Ahmed Yesevi and Khwaja Abdul Khaliq Gajadwani, the next link in the Naqshbandi silsila.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: The Naqshbandi Order, Hamid Algar

paragraph: Wafayat al-A'yan, Ibn Khallikan

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Abu Ya`qub Yusuf ibn Ayyab ibn Yusuf ibn al-Husayn al-Hamadani——May Allah Sanctify His Soul"; https://web.archive.org/web/20120303111446/http://www.naqshbandi.org/chain/9.htm

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Naqshbandi

description: Iranian Sufi teacher

wikidata_label: Yusuf Hamdani

wikipedia_title: Yusuf Hamadani


text: Khwajagan

text: Naqshbandi

text: Bukhara

text: Malatya

text: Anatolia

text: faqih

text: tafsir

text: Yusuf Hamdani

text: silsila

text: Eleven Naqshbandi principles

text: Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani

categories: 1179 deaths,Naqshbandi order,Sufi teachers,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Abdul Khaliq Ghajadwani

paragraph: Abdul Khaliq Ghijduvani (died 1179) was one of a group of Central Asian Sufi teachers known simply as Khwajagan (the Masters) of the Naqshbandi order.

paragraph: Abdul Khaliq was born in the small town of Ghijduvan, near Bukhara. His father had migrated to Central Asia from Malatya, in eastern Anatolia where he had been a prominent faqih. While Abdul Khaliq was studying tafsir in Bukhara he first had an awakening of interest in the path. He received further training at the hands of Yusuf Hamdani, and was the next link in the Naqshbandi silsila following him.

paragraph: Abdul Khaliq bequeathed to subsequent generations of the Naqshbandi silsila a series of principles governing their Sufi practice, concisely formulated in Persian and known collectively as "the Sacred Words" ("kalimat-i qudsiya"), or the "Rules" or "Secrets" of the Naqshbandi Order.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleven Naqshbandi principles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleven Principles Of The Naqshbandi Sufi Order

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleven Principles in Order (first eight from Gajadwani) from the Khwajagan Masters of Love

description: Sufi teacher

wikidata_label: Abdul Khaliq Gajadwani

wikipedia_title: Abdul Khaliq Ghajadwani


text: CBE

text: British

text: peer

text: politician

text: Eton

text: Royal Military College, Sandhurst

text: Grenadier Guards

text: Order of St. Anne

text: Russia

text: Lieutenant

text: Deputy Lieutenant

text: Carmarthenshire

text: Justice of the Peace

text: Conservative

text: Member of Parliament

text: Romford

text: Labour

text: H.T. Muggeridge

text: House of Commons

text: unopposed by-election in 1931

text: Guildford

text: 1935 United Kingdom general election

text: Parliamentary Private Secretary

text: Stanley Baldwin

text: Arthur Granville Soames

text: OBE

text: Coldstream Guards

text: National Museum of Wales

text: Cardiff University

text: death duties

categories: People educated at Eton College,Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst,UK MPs 1924–1929,Deputy Lieutenants of Carmarthenshire,1899 births,Conservative Party (UK) hereditary peers,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,1962 deaths,Barons Dynevor,UK MPs 1931–1935,Politics of Guildford,UK MPs 1923–1924,Politics of the London Borough of Havering,Commanders of the Order of the British Empire,Rice family,Grenadier Guards officers,People associated with Cardiff University

paragraph: Charles Rhys, 8th Baron Dynevor

paragraph: Charles Arthur Uryan Rhys, 8th Baron Dynevor CBE (21 September 1899 – 15 December 1962), was a British peer and politician. He was the son of Walter FitzUryan Rice, 7th Baron Dynevor.

paragraph: Rhys was educated at Eton and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards. In 1919 he was awarded the Order of St. Anne of Russia. He resigned his commission as a Lieutenant in 1920. He was appointed Deputy Lieutenant for Carmarthenshire in 1925 and a Justice of the Peace in 1931.

paragraph: Rhys served as a Conservative Member of Parliament for Romford from 1923 until 1929, when defeated by Labour's H.T. Muggeridge. He returned to the House of Commons two years later, when he was elected at an unopposed by-election in 1931 as MP for Guildford, holding the seat until he stood down at the 1935 United Kingdom general election. He was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Stanley Baldwin from 1927 to 1929.

paragraph: On 29 September 1934 he married Hope Mary Woodbine who had formerly been the wife of Captain Arthur Granville Soames, OBE, of the Coldstream Guards.

paragraph: Rhys served as Deputy Chairman of the Sun Insurance Company and as Chairman of the Cities of London and Westminster Conservative Association from 1948 until 1960. He was also the Governor of the National Museum of Wales.

paragraph: From 1950 until 1962 Rhys was President of the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, (now called Cardiff University).

paragraph: When he died at the age of 63, death duties previously incurred by the 7th Baron had not been paid, placing an intolerable financial burden on the next in line of descent, his son Richard Charles Uryan Rhys, 9th Baron Dynevor.

alias:
Charles Rhys
Charles Arthur Uryan Rhys

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Charles Rhys, 8th Baron Dynevor

wikipedia_title: Charles Rhys, 8th Baron Dynevor


text: United States Senator

text: West Virginia

text: Democratic Party

text: Virginia House of Delegates

text: Virginia State Senate

text: American Civil War

text: Confederate States Senator

text: Hugh Caperton

text: Union

text: Monroe County, West Virginia

text: West Virginia

text: Huntsville, Alabama

text: University of Virginia

text: Charlottesville

text: Yale College

text: Staunton, Virginia

text: State constitutional convention

text: Virginia Secession Convention

text: Confederate States Senate

text: Union, West Virginia

text: Elmwood

text: National Register of Historic Places

categories: 1810 births,People of Virginia in the American Civil War,Yale College alumni,Virginia Secession Delegates of 1861,West Virginia lawyers,Democratic Party United States Senators,1876 deaths,19th-century American politicians,Caperton family of Virginia and West Virginia,Virginia lawyers,West Virginia Democrats,University of Virginia alumni,People from Union, West Virginia,United States Senators from West Virginia,Confederate States Senators,People of West Virginia in the American Civil War

paragraph: Allen T. Caperton

paragraph: Allen Taylor Caperton (November 21, 1810 – July 26, 1876) was an American politician who was a United States Senator from the State of West Virginia in 1875–1876. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He had served in the Virginia House of Delegates and Virginia State Senate before the American Civil War. During the Civil War, he served as a Confederate States Senator.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Caperton, son of Hugh Caperton and Jane Erskine, was born near Union, Monroe County, West Virginia (now West Virginia) on November 21, 1810. At the age of 14, he traveled by horseback to Huntsville, Alabama, to attend school. He later graduated from the University of Virginia at Charlottesville, then graduated from Yale College in 1832. He studied law in Staunton, Virginia, was admitted to the bar and practiced law. He was married to Harriett Echols.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Caperton served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1841-1842. He was elected a member of the Virginia Senate in 1844, and served until 1848. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates again from 1857 to 1861. In 1850 he was a delegate to the State constitutional convention. In 1861, he was a member of the Virginia Secession Convention.

paragraph: During the Civil War, he was elected by the legislature of Virginia to be a member of the Confederate States Senate in which he served until 1865.

paragraph: After the war, he was the first ex-Confederate elected to the United States Senate, entering office as a Democrat from West Virginia and served from March 4, 1875, until his death in Washington, D.C., July 26, 1876. He was interred in Green Hill Cemetery, Union, West Virginia.

paragraph: His residence near Union, West Virginia, "Elmwood," was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Retrieved on March 23, 2009

description: American lawyer and politician

wikidata_label: Allen T. Caperton

wikipedia_title: Allen T. Caperton


text:
British
peer
Eton
Magdalene College, Cambridge
Sir John Knewstub Maurice Rothenstein
CBE
director
Llandeilo
death duties
patrimony
National Trust
Dinefwr
Cadw

categories: People educated at Eton College,2008 deaths,1935 births,Barons Dynevor,Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge,Rice family

paragraph: Richard Rhys, 9th Baron Dynevor

paragraph: Richard Charles Uryan Rhys, 9th Baron Dynevor (19 June 1935 – 12 November 2008) was a British peer.

paragraph: He was educated at Eton and at Magdalene College, Cambridge. In 1959 he married Lucy Catherine King, the only daughter of Sir John Knewstub Maurice Rothenstein CBE. They had one son and three daughters. The marriage was dissolved in 1978. His chief interest lay in "The Black Raven Press" of which he was a director.

paragraph: In 1962 Lord Dynevor inherited the remaining holdings of the Llandeilo Estate, comprising 23 farms, and 2,000 acres (8 km²), a ruined castle, a deer park with a herd of rare long horned white cattle, and a substantial death duties bill. The death duties were owed on both the 7th and 8th Barons.

paragraph: Attempts were made to save the patrimony but eventually the castle was sold to a private buyer in 1974. The National Trust bought the deer park and the outer park at Dinefwr in 1987. Newton House was purchased by the Trust in 1990 having been through several hands since first sold by Lord Dynevor in 1974. It was in a very poor state of repair. The East Drive was acquired in 1992. The Home Farm was acquired in 2002. Cadw and the National Trust now control the estate of some 700 acres (3 km²).

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rees, Thomas; “The Beauties of England and Wales”, 1815. Reprinted in "A Carmarthenshire Anthology", edited by Lyn Hughes, Christopher Davies, 1985

description: British peer

wikidata_label: Richard Rhys, 9th Baron Dynevor

wikipedia_title: Richard Rhys, 9th Baron Dynevor


text:
Polish
nobleman
voivode
Belz
Ruthenia
starost
Czerkasy
Kamieniec
magnate
Korczak
Janusz Wiśniowiecki
Helena Wiśniowiecka
Stanisław Warszycki
Marianna Wiśniowiecka
Jakub Sobieski
Urszula Mniszech
Maryna Mniszech
Jerzy Wiśniowiecki
Aleksander Wiśniowiecki
Teofila Wiśniowiecka
Konstanty Korniakt
Korczak
Jeremi Wiśniowiecki

categories: Wiśniowiecki family,Secular senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth,1564 births,1641 deaths

paragraph: Konstanty Wiśniowiecki

paragraph: Prince Konstanty Wiśniowiecki (1564–1641) was a Polish nobleman, voivode of Belz since 1636, of Ruthenia since 1638 and starost of Czerkasy and Kamieniec was a wealthy, powerful and influential magnate, experienced in both politics and warfare.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: He was married four times:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "circa" 1583 Anna Zahorowska Korczak; had issue

paragraph: BULLET::::- son Janusz Wiśniowiecki (1598–1636), daughters Helena Wiśniowiecka (married Stanisław Warszycki) and Marianna Wiśniowiecka (1600–1624; married Jakub Sobieski)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1603 Urszula Mniszech, sister of Maryna Mniszech; had issue

paragraph: BULLET::::- sons Jerzy Wiśniowiecki (died 1641) and Aleksander Wiśniowiecki (died 1638/39), daughter Teofila Wiśniowiecka

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1626/28 Katarzyna Korniaktowna (died "circa" 1635); no issue – daughter of Konstanty Korniakt h. Krucyni

paragraph: BULLET::::- Krystyna Strusiowna h. Korczak (died after 1647); no issue

paragraph: Wiśniowiecki outlived all of his three sons; after his death, his estate was inherited by Prince Jeremi Wiśniowiecki.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Czamańska I., "Wiśniowieccy. Monografia rodu", Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, Poznań 2007, , s. 147–155.

description: Polish noble

wikidata_label: Konstanty Wiśniowiecki

wikipedia_title: Konstanty Wiśniowiecki