text:
Serbia
Belgrade
Slavic languages
Leipzig University
University of Belgrade
Serbian Academy of Sciences
Serbo-Croatian
dialectology
Čakavian
Kajkavian
Proto-Slavic
Stanojević's

categories: Linguists from Serbia,People of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia,1876 births,People from Belgrade,1960 deaths,People from the Kingdom of Serbia

paragraph: Aleksandar Belić

paragraph: Aleksandar Belić ( ; August 15, 1876 – February 26, 1960) was a Serbian linguist and academic.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Belić was born in Belgrade. After studying Slavic languages in Belgrade, Odessa, and Moscow, he received his PhD at Leipzig University in 1900. He worked at the University of Belgrade and Belgrade Higher School during his academic career. He was a member and longtime president of the Serbian Academy of Sciences.

paragraph: Belić is generally considered the leading Serbian linguist of the first half of the twentieth century. His research dealt with comparative Slavic studies, general linguistics, Serbo-Croatian dialectology, and syntax. He authored "Pravopis srpskohrvatskog književnog jezika" (Standard Serbo-Croatian Normative Guide, 1923) which was based on a strictly phonological spelling principle. He wrote extensively on Čakavian and Kajkavian dialects and made a significant contribution to Slavic accentology with his discovery of the Slavic neoacute accent in Čakavian. Belić introduced the tripartite division of Kajkavian based on the reflexes of Proto-Slavic "*tj" and "*dj", which was first published in Stanojević's "Narodna enciklopedija srpsko-hrvatsko-slovenačka" (Serbo-Croatian-Slovene National Encyclopedia, 1927), although disproved by later dialectology studies. He contributed to the acceptance of the so-called Belgrade style of standard Serbian. During his entire life he was a consistent advocate of a unified Serbo-Croatian language.

paragraph: Belić's collected works have been published in 14 volumes in 1999. He died in Belgrade.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dijalekti istočne i južne Srbije"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dijalektološka karta srpskog jezika"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Akcentske studije"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O dvojini u slovenskim jezicima"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Galički dijalekt"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O jezičkoj prirodi i jezičkom razvitku" (1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pravopis srpsko-hrvatskog književnog jezika" (1923)

description: Serbian linguist

wikidata_label: Aleksandar Belić

wikipedia_title: Aleksandar Belić


href: Minas%20Gerais Brazil Bonnefantenmuseum

text:
Minas Gerais
Brazil
Bonnefantenmuseum

categories: Living people,1971 births,Brazilian contemporary artists

paragraph: Laura Lima

paragraph: Laura Lima (born 1971 in Minas Gerais, Brazil) is an artist, winner of the Bonnefanten Award 2014, 50,000 Euros and solo exhibition at Bonnefantenmuseum, autumn 2014.

paragraph: A piece of her work, "Sombra de Cinema" ("Cinema Shadow"), has been described as "not filmmaking, it is perhaps reality. It is not theatre,it is not installation, maybe fiction. It is not performance."

description: Brazilian painter

wikidata_label: Laura Lima

wikipedia_title: Laura Lima


text:
Korean
Goryeo Dynasty
Third Goryeo-Khitan War
Gwanak-gu
Seoul
King Taejo of Goryeo
Nakseongdae
Liao Dynasty
Xiao Sunning
Khitans
Seo Hui
Chinese
Song Dynasty
Gang Jo
King Mokjong
Emperor Shengzong
Gang Jo
King Hyeonjong
Third Goryeo-Khitan War
Xiao Baiya
Liao
Second Goryeo-Khitan War
Battle of Heunghwajin
Kaesung
Battle of Gwiju
Eulji Mundeok
Battle of Salsu
Yi Sun-sin
Hansan
Myeongnyang
Third Goryeo-Khitan War
Liao Dynasty
Jurchens
Jin Dynasty
Anguksa
Sadang-dong
Gwanak-gu
List of Goryeo people
Military history of Korea
Battle of Kwiju
Goryeo
Goryeo-Khitan Wars
List of Korea-related topics
Tomb of General Gang Gam-Chan

categories: 1031 deaths,Korean generals,Goryeo people,People from Seoul,948 births

paragraph: Gang Gam-chan

paragraph: Gang Gam-chan (강감찬, 姜邯贊) (22 December 948 – 9 September 1031) was a medieval Korean government official and military commander during the early days of Goryeo Dynasty (918–1392). Even though he was a career scholar and government official, he is best known for his military victories during the Third Goryeo-Khitan War.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Gang was born on 22 December 948 into a prominent aristocratic family in the hyeon of Geumju (now Gwanak-gu in Seoul). His father also worked for the King Taejo of Goryeo, and had been awarded for helping establish a new dynasty and unifying the Korean Peninsula. A legend tells that on the day he was born a meteor fell toward his house, and an advisor to the king visited to find that a baby had just been born there, whom he predicted would become great and be long remembered. Gang Gam-chan's birth site is called Nakseongdae (site of the falling star, 낙성대,落星垈 ), near Seoul's Nakseongdae Station on the Line two subway.

paragraph: As a child, Gang was small for his age, but he showed signs of leadership and loyalty at an early age. At seven he began to learn Confucian philosophy, military tactics and martial arts from his father. After his father's death in 964, he left his household and traveled around the country. In 983, he received the top score in the civil service examination, and qualified as a government official at age thirty-six. In 992, he joined the royal court as a deputy under the Minister of Education.

paragraph: Section::::Goryeo-Khitan Wars.

paragraph: In 993, the Liao Dynasty ordered General Xiao Sunning to invade Goryeo. The opinions among the court officials were divided, either to fight against the Khitans or to negotiate with them. Gang supported the use of negotiations, which was also supported by the king as the official decision. Seo Hui was sent to General Xiao as Korean representative, and the successful truce negotiation led to the withdrawal of Khitan forces and establishment of friendly relationship between Liao and Goryeo.

paragraph: In 1004, the Khitans defeated the Chinese Song Dynasty and forced its emperor to pay tribute to the Khitan. With Song defeated, the only threat remaining against the Khitans was Goryeo. Also in 1009, General Gang Jo of Goryeo led a coup against the government; he deposed and murdered King Mokjong and began a military rule, and broke the peaceful relationship with the Khitans. The Khitans saw this as their reason to attack Goryeo, and in 1010, Emperor Shengzong of Liao led a massive invasion with a contingent of 400,000 soldiers, commanding the troops himself. Suffering heavy casualties in five major engagements, the Khitans finally defeated the Goryeo army and executed their commander General Gang Jo.

paragraph: However, Gang urged King Hyeonjong to escape from the palace, not to surrender to the invading Liao troops. The King followed Gang's advice, and managed to escape from the burning capital. A Korean insurgency began to harass Khitan forces, which finally compelled Shengzong to withdraw his army. The Khitans won the war, but gained no benefit from it; rather spending precious resources in vain and reducing the national treasury. Thus another bloody war between the two nations was foreshadowed, and tensions would further lead to the Third Goryeo-Khitan War. Gang was later promoted to Prime Minister.

paragraph: In 1018, General Xiao Baiya, under orders of the Liao administration, led an expedition to Goryeo with a 100,000 man contingent. This time, many officials urged the king to commence peace negotiations, since the damage from the Second Goryeo-Khitan War had been so great, leaving Goryeo difficult to recover. However, Gang advised the king to declare war against the Liao, since the enemy contingent was much smaller than in previous invasions. He volunteered to be the acting deputy War minister for the duration of the war, at the age of seventy-one. He led about 208,000 men toward the Goryeo-Liao border.

paragraph: The first battle of the war was the Battle of Heunghwajin, which was a significant victory of Goryeo by blocking the stream and destroying the dam when Khitans were crossing the water. However, General Xiao did not give up the hope of capturing the capital Kaesung, and continued to march south. Later, Xiao realized that the mission was impossible to accomplish, and decided to retreat. General Gang knew that the Khitan army would withdraw from the war, and awaited them at the fortress of Gwiju, where he encountered the retreating Khitans in 1019.

paragraph: Discouraged and starving, the Khitans were defeated by the Goryeo army. Only General Xiao and few remaining survivors managed to escape from the devastating defeat. This battle is known as the Battle of Gwiju. General Gang returned to the capital and was welcomed as the military hero who saved the kingdom. After the war, Gang retired from both the military and the government to rest, since he was too old, already having become a national hero. He was appointed as Prime Minister in 1030, one year before his death. He died in 1031 on the 20th day of the 8th lunar month (9 September 1031).

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: General Gang's overwhelming victories in the battles of Kwiju and Heunghwajin are often compared with the victories of General Eulji Mundeok at the Battle of Salsu or Admiral Yi Sun-sin at the battles of Hansan and Myeongnyang, which, like Gang's battles, overcame disadvantages and successfully defended the country. Of course, Gang is regarded as one of the greatest military commanders in Korean history, along with General Eulji and Admiral Yi, even though Gang was never trained as a soldier like Eulji or Yi.

paragraph: Following his victories in the Third Goryeo-Khitan War, the peace among the three powerful East-Asian empires settled; Goryeo established a peaceful but tense relationship with Liao Dynasty, which gave up the hope of taking over either Song or Goryeo. As a result, Goryeo broke off relationships with Song Dynasty, but continued commercial trading with the Chinese; Song continued to pay tribute to Liao, and Song would also pay tribute to Western Xia, which would pay tribute to the Khitans. The peace lasted for about a century. The Jurchens took advantage of this time to expand their power without any interruption until their establishment of Jin Dynasty. Song Dynasty got the least benefit from the peace, and secretly encouraged the Jurchens to attack Liao, but after the fall of the Khitans, the Jurchens turned on Song and took over its capital, forcing the Chinese to flee southward. The victories of General Gang thus marked the ending point of the chain of wars between countries and was the beginning of a triangle diplomacy (Goryeo, Liao, Song), setting the scene for the ascendance of the Jurchens.

paragraph: Gang's shrine, called Anguksa, stands today in Sadang-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul. Further to this, the famous Gang Jee Seok is a descendant of the Great Gang Gam Chan.

paragraph: Also known as devil of war. The South Korean soccer flag which is the Red Devils, the picture is how people saw him.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Goryeo people

paragraph: BULLET::::- Military history of Korea

paragraph: BULLET::::- Battle of Kwiju

paragraph: BULLET::::- Goryeo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Goryeo-Khitan Wars

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Korea-related topics

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tomb of General Gang Gam-Chan

description: General during Third Goryeo-Khitan War

wikidata_label: Gang Gam-chan

wikipedia_title: Gang Gam-chan


href: Lombards Italy Cunincpert Ansprand Asti Raginpert Turin Godepert Pavia Aripert%20II

text:
Lombard
Italy
Cunincpert
Ansprand
Asti
Raginpert
Turin
Godepert
Pavia
Aripert II

categories: 702 deaths,Medieval child rulers,7th-century kings of Italy,8th-century kings of Italy,7th-century Lombard people,Lombard kings,8th-century Lombard people,People executed by drowning,8th-century murdered monarchs,Year of birth unknown,7th-century births,Rulers deposed as children,7th-century monarchs in Europe,8th-century monarchs in Europe,Bavarian dynasty

paragraph: Liutpert

paragraph: Liutpert (or Liutbert) (died 702) was the Lombard king of Italy from 700 and to 702, with interruption. Upon succeeding his father, King Cunincpert, at a young age, he ruled together with his tutor, Ansprand, the duke of Asti. After eight months, he was deposed by Raginpert, the duke of Turin and son of Godepert, Liutpert's great-uncle, but succeeded in returning to the throne several months later upon Raginpert's death, only to be deposed again, taken captive from Pavia, and drowned by Aripert II, Raginpert's son.

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: Liutpert

wikipedia_title: Liutpert


text: Sahitya Akademi Award

text: Marathi

text: Belgaum

text: JSS College

text: Dharwad

text: Dharwad

text: Belgaum

text: Pune

text: Kothrud

text: Pune

text: Gangadhar Gadgil

text: Arvind Gokhale

text: Vyankatesh Madgulkar

text: Maharashtra

text: Karnataka

text: Kafkaesque

text: Kafka

text: Borges

text: Hindi

text: Kannada

text: Sahitya Akademi Award

text: Amol Palekar

text: Kranti Kanade

text: Chaitra

text: Conrad Richter

text: USIS

text: Hindi

text: Conrad Richter

text: Conrad Richter

text: Conrad Richter

text: Conrad Richter

text: Conrad Richter

text: Crock of Gold

text: James Stephens

text: Lord of the Flies

text: William Golding

text: Long Day's Journey into Night

text: Eugene O'Neill

text: G.A. Kulkarni info site #1

text: G.A. Kulkarni info site #2

text: GA's Fanpage on Facebook

text: Orpheus

text: Bhet

text: Vidushak

text: Swami

text: GA's Books Buying GA's Books

categories: People from Belgaum,Indian atheists,20th-century Indian writers,Writers from Karnataka,1987 deaths,Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Marathi,Marathi-language writers,1923 births,People from Dharwad,Indian male short story writers,20th-century Indian short story writers

paragraph: G. A. Kulkarni

paragraph: G. A. Kulkarni (Gurunath Abaji Kulkarni) or simply "GA" ( 10 July 1923 - 11 December 1987 ) (Marathi: जी. ए. कुलकर्णी, "जीए"), was a legendary Sahitya Akademi Award winner Marathi writer of short stories.

paragraph: Kulkarni grew up in Belgaum. After earning his master's degree, he taught English at JSS College in Dharwad for about 30 years. He had very strong liking for Dharwad and Belgaum. For medical treatment of his eyes, he reluctantly moved to Pune in 1985. A major road in the Kothrud area of Pune, where Kulkarni lived for couple of years before his death, has been named after him.

paragraph: Kulkarni, who bought new strength and vitality to the Marathi short story, is admittedly the most distinguished exponent of that genre. A contemporary of Gangadhar Gadgil, Arvind Gokhale and Vyankatesh Madgulkar, he did not subscribe to the cause of modernism in literature. He charted his own separate course and cultivated new acuity and taste for a class of faithful readers.

paragraph: Kulkarni created a world of his own in his short stories where his characters are in pursuit of the unknowable destiny. A dark mode reflects the inscrutable ways in which destiny shadows his characters. His use of symbolism, allegory and irony provides his stories a unique texture and ethos. His world encompasses a wide diversity of locales, situations, characters and experiences; yet, in his earlier stories, it is demarcated by the region bordering Maharashtra and Karnataka. The mythic, allegorical experiences make it difficult to sort out the realities from the dreams, themes, and meditations. Yet, it is possible for the reader to identify with his characters, places, and experiences because of his keen observation of human, animal, and social worlds in their beauty and deformity.

paragraph: Critics observe that characters in Kulkarni's world are multifaceted, but they are not independent. They lead their lives as if they are puppets guided by an unseen hand and are unable to change the direction. Why they follow that path to their demise or why they cannot change it by their volition is not known. In that sense, his work is a reversal of direction fostered by the modernist short story in Marathi. GA's earlier short stories depicted the tragic and cruel aspects of the human situation. His later works were almost Kafkaesque, without Kafka-like black humour. Some of his later works were allegorical and reminiscent of Borges.

paragraph: Some of Kulkarni's short stories have been translated into English, Hindi, and Kannada. He was honoured in 1973 with a Sahitya Akademi Award for his collection of short stories "Kajalmaya". Critically acclaimed Marathi movie "Kairee", which was directed by Amol Palekar, was based on one of his short stories. Based on GA's short story, Director Kranti Kanade made short film Chaitra that went on to win five National Film Awards in 2002.

paragraph: Kulkarni was a prolific correspondent. Though he had an obsession to keep his life private, he also longed to reach out through letters to his friends who shared his tastes. Four volumes of his letters were published after his death. He had written many of those letters to "Shri Pu" Bhagwat, Sunita Deshpande, Madhav Achawal, Jaywant Dalvi, Anantrao Kulkarni, and "Ma Da" Hatkanangalekar.

paragraph: Kulkarni translated five novels by Conrad Richter into Marathi in the 1960s for a project which USIS in India had initiated for getting some prominent American writings translated into Indian languages. He also wrote the book "Manase Arbhat Ani Chillar", which contains seemingly autobiographical musings.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nilasavala" (निळासावळा) (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hirave Rave" (हिरवे रावे) (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Parava" (पारवा) (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "RaktaChandan" (रक्तचंदन) (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kajalmaya" (काजळमाया) (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pingalavel" (पिंगळावेळ)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sanjshakun" (सांजशकुन ) (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ramalkhuna" (रमलखुणा) (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ek Arabi Kahani" (एक अरबी कहाणी) (1983) (Translated)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Onjaldhara" (ओंजळधारा) (1984) (Translated)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bakhar Bimmachi" (बखर बिम्मची) (1986) (for children)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mugdhachi Rangit Goshta" (मुग्धाची रंगीत गोष्ट) (1986) (for children)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pailpakhare" (पैलपाखरे ) (1986) (Translated)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Akashphule" (आकाशफुले) (Translated)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Manase Arbhat Ani Chillar" (माणसे -अरभाट आणि चिल्लर) (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kusumgunja" (कुसुमगुंजा) (1989; posthumous)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sonpawale" (सोनपावले) (1991; posthumous)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dohakalima" (डोहकाळिमा) (1987) (Collection of stories from GA's first four books)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Niyatidaan" (नियतिदान ) (1992; posthumous) (Collection of Hindi translation of GA's selected short stories)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Raan" (रान) (1967) (Translated; Original – The Trees by Conrad Richter)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gaav" (गाव) (1967) (Translated; Original – The Town by Conrad Richter)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Swatantrya Ale Ghara" (स्वातंत्र्य आले घरा) (1968) (Translated; Original – The Free Man by Conrad Richter))

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ranatil Prakash" (रानातील प्रकाश) (1968) (Translated; Original – The Light in the Forest by Conrad Richter)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shiwaar" (शिवार) (1968) (Translated; Original – The Fields by Conrad Richter)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sonyache Madake" (सोन्याचे मडके) (1991; posthumous) (Translated, Original – Crock of Gold by James Stephens)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lord of the Flies" (लॉर्ड ऑफ दी फ्लाईज) (1987) (Translated, Original – Lord of the Flies, By William Golding)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vairyachi Ek Ratra" (वैऱ्याची एक रात्र) (1982) (Translated, Original – I Survived Hitler's Ovens by Olga Lengyel)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amrutphale" (अमृतफळे) (1983) (Translated, Original – Apples of immortality by Leon Surmelian)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "G.A. -nchi Nivadak Patre – Khand I,II, III, IV" (जी.एं. ची निवडक पत्रे; खंड १,२.३.४) (1995,1998, 2006; posthumous)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "G.A. -nchi PatraVela" (जी.एं.ची पत्रवेळा; Letters to Kavi Grace and his daughter Mithila) (2010; posthumous)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Diwas Tudawat Andharakade" (दिवस तुडवत अंधाराकडे ) (2015; posthumous) (Translated:1953, Original – Long Day's Journey into Night by Eugene O'Neill)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Journey Forever: Iskilaar and Other Stories" (2015; posthumous) (Collection of English translation of GA's selected short stories like Iskilaar. Translator:Vilas Salunke)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shadows in the Desert: Vidooshak and Other Stories" (2015; posthumous) (Collection of English translation of GA's selected short stories like Vidooshak. Translator:Vilas Salunke)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- G.A. Kulkarni info site #1

paragraph: BULLET::::- G.A. Kulkarni info site #2

paragraph: BULLET::::- GA's Fanpage on Facebook

paragraph: BULLET::::- A few excerpts from GA's stories – Orpheus, Bhet, Vidushak, Swami

paragraph: BULLET::::- GA's Books Buying GA's Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prof. Ma Da Hatkangalekar on G.A. Kulkarni

description: Marathi Author

wikidata_label: G. A. Kulkarni

wikipedia_title: G. A. Kulkarni


href: Pharaoh Akhenaten Great%20Royal%20Wife Nefertiti Akhenaten Nefertiti Meritaten Ankhesenpaaten Neferneferuaten%20Tasherit Neferneferure Setepenre%20%28princess%29 Thebes%2C%20Egypt Meritaten Boundary%20Stelae%20of%20Akhenaten Amarna Ay Akhenaten Tiye Kiya Neferneferure Setepenre%20%28princess%29 Royal%20Tomb%20of%20Akhenaten Neferneferuaten%20Tasherit Neferneferure Setepenre%20%28princess%29 Kiya Tutankhamun Aten Akhenaten Nefertiti Ankhesenpaaten Amenhotep%20III Queen%20Tiye

text:
Pharaoh
Akhenaten
Great Royal Wife
Nefertiti
Akhenaten
Nefertiti
Meritaten
Ankhesenpaaten
Neferneferuaten Tasherit
Neferneferure
Setepenre
Thebes
Meritaten
Boundary Stela
Amarna
Ay
Akhenaten
Tiye
Kiya
Neferneferure
Setepenre
Royal Tomb
Neferneferuaten Tasherit
Neferneferure
Setepenre
Kiya
Tutankhamun
Aten
Akhenaten
Nefertiti
Ankhesenpaaten
Amenhotep III
Queen Tiye

categories: Princesses of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt,Akhenaten,14th-century BC women,Amarna Period,Deaths in childbirth

paragraph: Meketaten

paragraph: Meketaten ("Behold the Aten" or "Protected by Aten") was the second daughter of six born to the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten and his Great Royal Wife Nefertiti. She was probably born in year 4 of Akhenaten's reign. Although little is known about her, she is frequently depicted with her sisters accompanying her royal parents in the first two thirds of Akhenaten's reign.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Meketaten was the second daughter born to Akhenaten and Nefertiti. She had an older sister named Meritaten and four younger sisters named Ankhesenpaaten, Neferneferuaten Tasherit, Neferneferure and Setepenre. Tutankhaten was a half-brother.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Meketaten’s approximate year of birth is in or before Year 4 of Akhenaten's reign. Meketaten is first depicted on the walls of the "Hut-benben" temple dedicated to her mother Nefertiti in Thebes. Meketaten appears behind her older sister Meritaten in some of the later inscriptions, thought to date to Year 4 or later. Further arguments to suggest Meketaten was born in or before Year 4 come from the fact that her figure was added to one of the Boundary Stela recording events in Year 4 and carved in Year 5.

paragraph: Meketaten moved to the new capital city Akhetaten (modern Amarna) with her family when she was still a small child. She is depicted in several of the tombs of the nobles in Amarna. Meketaten is depicted in the tomb of Ay holding a tray of gifts while wrapping one arm around her mother’s neck. Other monuments mentioning Meketaten include a stela from Heliopolis, a statue base from the Fayoum, and the tombs of Panehesy and Parennefer. Meketaten was depicted with her parents and sisters at the reception of foreign tributes – a ceremony dating to year 12 - that can be seen on several scenes in the private tombs in Amarna of high-ranking officials named Huya and High Priest Meryre II.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: Meketaten died in approximately Year 14 of Akhenaten's reign. It is very likely that a plague swept across Egypt between Akhenaten's 12th and 15th regnal years, for many members of the royal family cease to be mentioned again; among them Queen Mother Tiye, Akhenaten's secondary wife Kiya, Meketaten and the two youngest princesses, Neferneferure and Setepenre. Meketaten's death could have resulted either from a plague, or from childbirth. The presence of a royal baby causes many to believe the young princess died in childbirth (in which case the father of the child would most likely be Akhenaten himself), but this cannot be proven. An alternative interpretation suggested by van Dijk is that the child depicted in the scenes is the soul (the ka) of Meketaten.

paragraph: Three chambers, denoted as Chambers formula_1 and formula_2 of the Royal Tomb are believed to be used for the burials. Chambers formula_3 and formula_2 depict very similar scenes: Akhenaten and Nefertiti bend over the inert body of a woman, weeping and gripping each other's arms for support. Nearby a nurse stands with a baby in her arms, accompanied by a fan-bearer, which indicates the baby's royal status.

paragraph: The names in the scene in chamber formula_3 have been hacked out. In the chamber formula_2 however the hieroglyphs identify the dead young woman as Meketaten. In the same chamber another scene shows Meketaten standing under a canopy which is usually associated with childbirth but can also interpreted as representing the rebirth of the princess. In front of her, amongst courtiers, stand Akhenaten, Nefertiti and their three remaining daughters, Meritaten, Ankhesenpaaten and Neferneferuaten Tasherit.

paragraph: It is possible that chamber formula_3 was the burial place of someone other than Meketaten. There may even have been two burials which may have been those of Neferneferure and Setepenre, but this is not certain. Another theory is that one of the scenes depicts Kiya and that the baby is Tutankhamun. However, Jacobus Van Dijk, in a 2009 book in memory of the late William Murnane has demonstrated that this person was actually a symbolic depiction of the death and rebirth of Meketaten now with the god Aten in the afterlife. John Harris also agrees with Van Dijk's conclusions according to the author.

paragraph: Fragments of Meketaten’s sarcophagus were found in the royal tomb. Inscriptions mention her parents Akhenaten and Nefertiti, her sister Ankhesenpaaten as well as her grandparents Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye.

description: Ancient Egyptian princess

wikidata_label: Meketaten

wikipedia_title: Meketaten


text: National Assembly

text: Serekunda

text: President

text: Adama Barrow

text: 2016 presidential election

text: Foroyaa

text: House of Representatives

text: Yahya Jammeh

text: Pan-African Parliament

text: 2006 presidential election

text: Serekunda

text: the Gambia

text: United States

text: Foroyaa

text: Sidia Jatta

text: House of Representatives

text: Yahya Jammeh

text: coup

text: Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council

text: 1997 election

text: 2002 parliamentary election

text: United Democratic Party

text: Pan-African Parliament

text: NADD

text: President of Senegal

text: Olusegun Obasanjo

text: President of Nigeria

text: 2006 presidential election

text: 2007 parliamentary election

text: APRC

text: Yahya Jammeh

text: Hamat Bah

text: National Intelligence Agency

text: 2011 Gambian presidential election

text: 2016 Gambian presidential election

text: Coalition 2016

text: Adama Barrow

text: Vice-President

text: Ousainou Darboe

text: 2017 parliamentary election

text: United Democratic Party

text: Ohio University

text: China

text: Mariam Jack-Denton

categories: Living people,People from Serekunda,Members of the Pan-African Parliament from the Gambia,Gambian socialists,People's Democratic Organisation for Independence and Socialism politicians,Gambian democracy activists,Leaders of political parties in the Gambia

paragraph: Halifa Sallah

paragraph: Halifa Sallah (born 1953) is a Gambian politician who is currently a member of the National Assembly representing Serekunda, and the secretary-general of the People's Democratic Organisation for Independence and Socialism (PDOIS). He served as a spokesman and advisor to President Adama Barrow from during the 2016 presidential election campaign until March 2017.

paragraph: Sallah co-founded PDOIS in 1986, and was elected as its secretary-general in 1987. He has been a major contributor to "Foroyaa", the party's newspaper. He contested elections for the House of Representatives in 1987 and 1992, and was an opposer of the Yahya Jammeh regime. He stood unsuccessfully for the National Assembly in 1997, but was elected in 2002, serving until 2007. During that time, he also served as Minority Leader. Sallah has also served in the Pan-African Parliament, and was the National Alliance for Democracy and Development (NADD)'s candidate for President in the 2006 presidential election, coming third with 6% of the vote.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Sallah was born and raised in Serekunda, the Gambia, and was educated in the United States, graduating with a degree in sociology. He returned to the Gambia in 1977 and worked as a social worker in the Social Welfare Department.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:Jawara era and post-coup.

paragraph: After returning from the United States in the late 1970s, Sallah became involved with the People's Movement for Independence against Neo-Colonialism and Capitalism (PMINCC). It is also believed that he was one of the editors of "The Voice of the Future" newspaper. Along with other PMINCC members, he was arrested in October 1983 and went on trial in 1984 for his involvement in distributing "The Voice". He was acquitted but lost his job as a result of the trial.

paragraph: In 1986, Sallah was one of the founders of the People's Democratic Organisation for Independence and Socialism (PDOIS). He was elected as its secretary-general in August 1987. He also became a major contributor to its newspaper, "Foroyaa", which he co-edited with Sidia Jatta. Sallah contested the Serekunda East constituency in the 1987 and 1992 elections for the House of Representatives, but only won around 10% of the vote. Following Yahya Jammeh's coup in 1994, Sallah and other PDOIS leaders adopted a principled stance in response, with Sallah and Jatta both turning down offers to join the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council. Both men were detained in August 1994 for publishing an edition of "Foroyaa" despite the ban on political activities. They were put on trial, found guilty, and fined, but resumed publication in November 1994 as a non-partisan newspaper.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:Parliamentary career, arrest and presidential campaign.

paragraph: Sallah again unsuccessfully contested the Serekunda East constituency in the 1997 election but was elected to the new constituency of Serekunda Central in the 2002 parliamentary election. As the United Democratic Party (UDP) had boycotted the election, the PDOIS, with two seats, emerged as the largest opposition party, and Sallah became the Minority Leader in the National Assembly. He also served as a member of the Pan-African Parliament in this period. In June 2005, he was expelled from the National Assembly along with three other opposition MPs on the grounds of dual party membership. NADD, an opposition alliance that the PDOIS had joined earlier that year, had been registered as a political party, and the Supreme Court of the Gambia ruled that holding dual membership was against the Gambian Constitution. Some criticised the ruling, claiming that it was a move to silence parliamentary opposition as there was nothing in the Constitution that regulated political parties. On 29 September, a by-election was held in Serrekunda Central, in which Sallah was re-elected by a "huge" margin.

paragraph: On 15 November 2005, he was arrested along with two other opposition leaders on the grounds of subversion, accused of having collaborated with the President of Senegal. The charges, however, were dropped following the intervention of Olusegun Obasanjo, then-President of Nigeria. Sallah was NADD's candidate in the 2006 presidential election, where he came third and won 5.98% of the vote. During the election, the US Embassy described Sallah as "known and respected throughout the country and abroad for his constant admonishment of President Jammeh's government for its failure to adhere to the country's constitution and the principles of democracy." They also wrote: "A win by Halifa Sallah would almost certainly usher in a new era in Gambian government and politics. Sallah's ideas are consistent with democratic principles and we would expect a Sallah administration to be a reliable friend of the US."

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:Further arrests, 2016 campaign and Barrow presidency.

paragraph: He lost his seat in the National Assembly in the 2007 parliamentary election to Sainey Jaiteh, a member of the ruling APRC. While not mentioning Sallah by name, Yahya Jammeh made a coded reference to him and Hamat Bah when he expressed his satisfaction at the defeat of "the two empty barrels in the National Assembly". Sallah blamed the opposition's poor performance in the election on a split in its ranks and said that he intended to retire from politics and concentrate on writing. On 8 March 2009, Sallah was arrested and taken to the central prison, Mile II. The Jammeh regime accused him of spying. However, the charges were dropped against him on 25 March "in the interest of peace and justice". Sallah was also reportedly detained in June 2009, when he went to visit a group of imprisoned journalists at the National Intelligence Agency. He was held overnight before being released on bail. Before the 2011 Gambian presidential election, Sallah released a statement saying he would not be a candidate because "the office of President or Vice President is not of value to [him]".

paragraph: In February 2016, it was announced that Sallah would be PDOIS's candidate in the 2016 Gambian presidential election. He later became the spokesperson for Coalition 2016, and following Jammeh's defeat by Adama Barrow in the election, declared that Jammeh would be treated like a "rebel leader" if he did not relinquish control by 19 January 2017, when his term ended. Sallah remained the coalition spokesperson following Barrow's election. It was rumored that Sallah was being considered for Vice-President by Barrow, but Barrow changed his mind following a meeting with Ousainou Darboe and other UDP members. Sallah subsequently declined the offer of a cabinet position. On 17 February 2017, Sallah was appointed as Special Advisor to the President on Governance (but he never take the role). SMBC News commented that his "appointment will bring absolute, total, complete confidence of the Barrow administration."

paragraph: On 24 February 2017, Sallah announced that he would be contesting the 2017 parliamentary election to the National Assembly. Upon submitting his nomination to the Independent Electoral Commission, he said that it would be the duty of the incoming NAMs to build up the National Assembly as an oversight institution. Sallah also resigned from his executive role as an advisor. He stood in the constituency of Serekunda and was duly elected. In August, Sallah called for a debate with Ousainou Darboe, the leader of the United Democratic Party (UDP), over the credibility of Coalition 2016's memorandum of understanding stating that Barrow would only serve for three years, instead of a full five years.

paragraph: In October 2017, Sallah said that the Barrow government was "reminiscent of the APRC government days" as "nothing seems to have improved the living standard of ordinary Gambians." The Office of the President issued a statement in response stating that "Comparing this government to the former dictatorial regime is a distortion of facts." Sallah visited Ohio University for three days in February 2018. On 8 March, Sallah met with the Cuban Ambassador to The Gambia, Lázaro Herrera, in his home. On 16 March, during a heated exchange over a proposed loan from China, Sallah was removed from the National Assembly on the orders of Speaker Mariam Jack-Denton.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Sallah was involved in a car accident while touring the country in March 2016 and "suffered cuts to his face", but his injuries were not life-threatening.

description: Gambian politician

wikidata_label: Halifa Sallah

wikipedia_title: Halifa Sallah


text:
Alsatian
German
still life
Saarbrücken
Strasbourg
Friedrich Brentel
Daniel Soreau
Hanau
Albrecht Dürer
Joachim von Sandrart
Frankfurt
Paris
Idstein
Protestant Union
Georg Flegel
composition

wikipedia_title:
Alsace
Germany
Still life
Saarbrücken
Strasbourg
Friedrich Brentel
Daniel Soreau
Hanau
Albrecht Dürer
Joachim von Sandrart
Frankfurt
Paris
Idstein
Protestant Union
Georg Flegel
Composition (visual arts)

categories: 17th-century German painters,German male painters,Painters from Alsace,German Baroque painters,French still life painters,Alsatian-German people,French Baroque painters,1597 births,1657 deaths,People from Strasbourg

paragraph: Sebastian Stoskopff

paragraph: Sebastian (or Sébastien) Stoskopff (July 13, 1597 – February 10, 1657) was an Alsatian painter. He is considered one of the most important German still life painters of his time. His works, which were rediscovered after 1930, portray goblets, cups and especially glasses. The reduction to a few objects, which is characteristic of early still life painting, can again be recognized in Stoskopff's painting. His chief works hang in Strasbourg and in Saarbrücken.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Sebastian Stoskopff was born in 1597 in Strasbourg. His father was employed by the city since 1590 and acted as a mounted courier or royal escort, driving a one-horse carriage. In 1614, Stoskopff's father asked the Strasbourg council for help for his 17-year-old son. He wanted him to be able to learn the craft of painting, since Sebastian had already been extremely talented in drawing and painting since he was 15. The council agreed to provide their support and probably sent the young artist at first to the Strasbourg painter and copper engraver, Friedrich Brentel. However, he only learned how to further refine his drawing and was not, as hoped, introduced to the art of painting.

paragraph: In 1615, Stoskopff's father died and his widowed mother went to the Strasbourg council once again to ask for support for training from a recognized painter. Stoskopff was then sent to Daniel Soreau, a painter who was active in Hanau. In the beginning, Soreau was not very enthusiastic, since he usually chose his apprentices from among his relatives and close friends. However, he finally complied with the request of the council and assured them that would "make an Albrecht Dürer of this apprentice". There is not a single definite picture by Daniel Soreau existing. It is only possible to draw conclusions about how well the master passed on his artistic skills to his students through the works of his sons, other apprentices of his workshop and through Stoskopff's works.

paragraph: After Soreau's death in 1619, Stoskopff took over his workshop with the apprentices, as well as his function as the master. One of the apprentices was Joachim von Sandrart, who later became a successful painter and who wrote the first important work on the history of art in the German language: "Teutsche Academie der Bau-, Bild,- und Malerey- Künste". This work contains descriptions of the lives of earlier and contemporary artists, including descriptions of the time in Hanau with his master, Sebastian Stoskopff.

paragraph: After his attempt to get permission to settle in Frankfurt failed, Stoskopff went to Paris. He stayed there from about 1622 until 1639, which can be reconstructed from indirect reports and property inventories of Parisians. His first works in larger format were also created here, such as "Summer" or "Winter" (now both in Strasbourg). A contemporary statement from Sandrart proves his residence in Paris: ""Von dannen" [gemeint ist Hanau] "verreiste er in Frankreich und hinterließ viele gute Werke; von Pariß zoge er nach Italien (allwo ich ihn zu Venedig Anno 1629 gesehen), hernach wieder zurück nach Pariß und so fürters nach Straßburg" [...] ("From there [meaning Hanau], he travelled to France and left many good works; from Paris, he moved to Italy (where I saw him in Venice in 1629), afterwards again back to Paris and further to Strasbourg [...]").

paragraph: Stoskopff returned to Strasbourg in 1639. This could have been for familial reasons or because of the strong increase of religious conflict in Paris. One year later, he joined the guild of Steltz, to which other painters, copper engravers and craftsmen in the arts belonged. There were several arguments between the artist and the guild after he joined it, among other things because Stoskopff loved his freedom as an independent and self-responsible artist and did not want to operate a workshop with apprentices, as was usually done. He achieved wealth and prestige in Strasbourg and married the stepdaughter of his youngest sister in 1646.

paragraph: As of 1650, Stoskopff oriented himself more and more toward Idstein, where he maintained a close and good relationship to the Count Johannes von Nassau und Idstein in his last phase of creativity up until his death. The Count was a Lutheran and supported the Protestant Union. He was Stoskopff's most important patron at this time. Joachim von Sandrart was an important contact man who negotiated about Stoskopff's paintings with the Count.

paragraph: Sebastian Stoskopff died in 1657 at the age of 60 in a public house in Idstein. He was reportedly supposed to have died because of drinking too much alcohol. Nearly 20 years later, Stoskopff's murder became clear during an indictment for witchcraft, in which the owner of the public house and a woman were involved. The owner had killed Stoskopff out of greed.

paragraph: Section::::Influence.

paragraph: Although Sebastian Stoskopff was influenced by Georg Flegel regarding artistic composition, it is not known whether he had known Flegel during his lifetime or whether he saw Flegel's works only after his death. Furthermore, his influence appears to have been "rather sporadic and not long lasting".

paragraph: Section::::Further information.

paragraph: Section::::Further information.:Literature.

paragraph: "All references in German, except where noted"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ebert-Schifferer, Sybille (1998): Die Geschichte des Stillebens. Munich: Hirmer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hahn - Woernle, Birgit: Sebastian Stoskopff: Mit einem kritischen Werkverzeichnis der Gemälde. Stuttgart 1996.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Müller, Prof. Dr. : Die Stilleben- Bildkunst des Sebastian Stoskopff. In: Ausst.- Kat. Sebastian Stoskopff- sein Leben- sein Werk- seine Zeit, publ. by Prof. Dr. Wolfgang J. Müller/ Silvia Berger. Idstein 1987.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heck, Michèle- Caroline: Sébastian Stoskopff: 1597- 1657. Un maître de la nature morte. Strasbourg 1997. (in French, also available as a German translation)

alias:
Sebastien Stoskopf
Sébastien Stoskopff
Sebastien Stosskopf
Sebastian Stosskopf
Sebastian Stoskopf
Sebastien Stoskopff
Sébastien Stosskopf
Sébastien Stosskopff
Sébastian Stosskopff
Sébastien Stoskopf
Sebastian Stosskopt
Stoskopff
Stoskopf
Stoskoff Sebastian
Stosskopf
Seb Stoskopff

description: painter from German-France border

wikidata_label: Sebastian Stoskopff

wikipedia_title: Sebastian Stoskopff


text: Paris

text: capriccios

text: Daniel Rabel

text: Louis Boullogne

text: Sébastien Bourdon

text: antechamber

text: Palais-Cardinal

text: Richelieu

text: Hôtel Lambert

text: Pierre Patel

text: Jan Asselyn

text: Herman van Swanevelt

text: Laurent de La Hyre

text: Claude Lorrain

text: Anne of Austria

text: Fontainebleau

categories: 1600s births,French painters,French landscape painters,1686 deaths

paragraph: Henri Mauperché

paragraph: Henri Mauperché (c.1602, Paris - 26 December 1686, Paris) was a French landscape painter and engraver. His name is also given as Henri Maupercher and Henri Montpercher. Most of his landscapes are capriccios.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was a student of Daniel Rabel. In 1634, he went to Rome with Louis Boullogne, where he associated with Sébastien Bourdon and a group of painters known as the . He returned to Paris in 1639, where he was commissioned to paint decorations in the guard room and antechamber of the Palais-Cardinal; the residence of Cardinal Richelieu.

paragraph: In 1645, he married Magdeleine Garnot. From 1646 to 1647, he worked on decorating the "Cabinet de l'Amour" at the Hôtel Lambert, along with the landscape painters Pierre Patel, Jan Asselyn and Herman van Swanevelt.

paragraph: In 1648, he became a member of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture and was named a Professor in 1655, which was an unusual honor for a landscape painter. Together with Laurent de La Hyre, he helped to popularize the classical landscape style of Claude Lorrain. Having become famous for his decorations, he undertook to paint the apartments of Queen Anne of Austria at Fontainebleau. As with the Hôtel Lambert, the greater part of those works have disappeared.

paragraph: His wife died in 1671. By 1686, he was too ill to attend sessions of the Académie, and was excused. He died at the end of that year.

paragraph: Section::::Source.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bernard Biard; "Henri Mauperché, paysagiste au long cours", in, "L’Objet d’Art", #316, September 1997, pgs.31-41

alias:
Henri Montpercher
Henri Monperché
Henri Montperché
Henri Mauperche
Henri Maupercher
Henri Monperche
Henri Montperche
Monsperché
Mauperche
Montperché
Monperché
Mauperché
Maupercher
Mauperchés
H. Mauperché
Momperché

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Henri Mauperché

wikipedia_title: Henri Mauperché


text:
Königsberg
Mexico City
orchestra conductor
Engelbert Humperdinck
Hugo Kaun
Bayreuth
Halle (Saale)
Poznań
Düsseldorf
Hamburg
Elisabeth Schumann

categories: People from Königsberg,1891 births,1945 deaths,Austrian emigrants to the United States,German conductors (music)

paragraph: Karl Alwin

paragraph: Karl Alwin often Carl Alwin (formerly known as Alwin Oskar Pinkus, born April 15, 1891, in Königsberg, Germany, died October 15, 1945, in Mexico City, Mexico) was a German orchestra conductor.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Alwin studied philosophy, literature and music in Berlin alongside his friends Engelbert Humperdinck and Hugo Kaun. After his education, he worked from 1910 at the Berlin Court Opera and from 1912 in Bayreuth as an assistant. He then started his career as a conductor in 1913 in Halle (Saale), 1914 in Poznań, 1915–1917 in Düsseldorf and then until 1920 in Hamburg. From 1920 to 1938 he conducted at the Vienna State Opera until after the takeover by the Nazis due to a professional disqualification became unoccupied. Because of his Jewish origin, Alwin had to emigrate to the United States. He worked for the Chicago Civic Opera but after the season of 1939/40, he moved to Mexico and conducted in Mexico City at the Opera Nacional from 1941 until his death in 1945. He also taught at the State Conservatory.

paragraph: From 1920 to 1933 he was married to the soprano Elisabeth Schumann.

description: German conductor

wikidata_label: Karl Alwin

wikipedia_title: Karl Alwin


text:
Aššur
Assyria
short chronology
Aššur-nērārī II
Kassite
Karaindaš
Ashur
Babylon
Puzur-Aššur III
Assur
Assyrian King List
Aššur-rā’im-nišēšu
Eriba-Adad I

categories: Assyrian kings,1398 BC deaths,15th-century BC rulers,14th-century BC Assyrian kings,15th-century BC Assyrian kings,14th-century BC rulers

paragraph: Ashur-bel-nisheshu

paragraph: Aššūr-bēl-nīšēšu, inscribed "aš-šur-""-šú", and meaning “(the god) Aššur (is) lord of his people,” was the ruler of Assyria from 1417–1409 BC or 1407–1398 BC (short chronology), the variants due to uncertainties in the later chronology. He succeeded his father, Aššur-nērārī II, to the throne and is best known for his treaty with Kassite king Karaindaš.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: As was the practice during this period of the Assyrian monarchy, he modestly titled himself “vice-regent”, or "išši'ak Aššur", of the god Ashur. The "Synchronistic Chronicle" records his apparently amicable territorial treaty with Karaindaš, king of Babylon, and recounts that they “took an oath together concerning this very boundary.” His numerous clay cone inscriptions (line art for an example pictured) celebrate his re-facing of Puzur-Aššur III’s wall of the “New City” district of Assur.

paragraph: Contemporary legal documents detail sales of land, houses, and slaves and payment in lead. The Assyrian credit system was fairly sophisticated, with loans issued for commodities such as barley and lead, interest coming due when repayment way delayed. The security posted for loans could include property, the person of the debtor or indeed his children.

paragraph: There is a discrepancy in the data about his son and eventual successor. The Assyrian King List gives his immediate successor, Aššur-rā’im-nišēšu, as his son, but Aššur-rā’im-nišēšu's own contemporary inscription names his father as Aššur-nērārī II, suggesting that he may have been a brother of Aššūr-bēl-nīšēšu. The confusion is further compounded with the "Khorsabad Kinglist" and the "SDAS Kinglist" identifying Eriba-Adad I, who ascended the throne eighteen years later, as his son while the "Nassouhi" copy identifies him as the son of Aššur-rā’im-nišēšu.

description: Assyrian king

wikidata_label: Ashur-bel-nisheshu

wikipedia_title: Ashur-bel-nisheshu


text:
Aššur
Assyria
Sumerian
short chronology
Assyrian King List
Aššur
Aššur-bēl-nišēšu
cone
Aššur-nērārī II
Kikkia
Ikunum
Sargon I
Puzur-Aššur II
Aššur-nārāri I
Ishme-Dagan II
Salmānu-ašarēd III
ziggurat
Aššur-nadin-aḫḫē II

categories: 15th-century BC Assyrian kings,Assyrian kings,14th-century BC Assyrian kings

paragraph: Ashur-rim-nisheshu

paragraph: Aššur-rā’im-nišēšu, inscribed "aš-šur-""-šu", meaning “(the god) Aššur loves his people,” was ruler of Assyria, or "išši’ak Aššur", “vice-regent of Aššur,” written in Sumerian: (=, c. 1408–1401 BC or c. 1398–1391 BC (short chronology), the 70th to be listed on the Assyrian King List. He is best known for his reconstruction of the inner city wall of Aššur.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: All three extant "Assyrian Kinglists" give his filiation as “son of Aššur-bēl-nišēšu," the monarch who immediately preceded him, but this is contradicted by the sole extant contemporary inscription, a cone giving a dedicatory inscription for the reconstruction of the wall of the inner city of Aššur, which gives his father as Aššur-nērārī II (written phonetically on the third line of the illustration), the same as his predecessor who was presumably therefore his brother. With Ber-nādin-aḫḫe, another son of Aššur-nērārī who was given the title "supreme judge," it seems he may have been the third of Aššur-nērārī's sons to rule.

paragraph: The cone identifies the previous restorers as Kikkia (c. 2000 BC), Ikunum (1867–1860 BC), Sargon I (1859 BC – ?), Puzur-Aššur II, and Aššur-nārāri I (1547–1522 BC) the son of Ishme-Dagan II (1579–1562 BC). The reference to Kikkia's original fortification of the city is repeated in one of the later king's, Salmānu-ašarēd III, own inscriptions. It was recovered from an old adobe wall three meters from the northern edge of the ziggurat.

paragraph: He was succeeded by his son, Aššur-nadin-aḫḫē II.

description: Assyrian king

wikidata_label: Ashur-rim-nisheshu

wikipedia_title: Ashur-rim-nisheshu


text: Medieval Icelandic

text: Laxdæla saga

text: Helgafell

text: Snæfellsnes Peninsula

text: Snorri the Goði

text: Scandinavia

text: Eastern Roman Empire

text: manglabites

text: Eastern Roman army

text: saga

text: Bolli Þorleiksson

text: Guðrún Ósvífursdóttir

text: Sneglu-Hall þáttur

text: tale

text: family saga

text: Njál's saga

text: Egil's saga

text: Möðruvallabók

text: People of Laxárdalur

text: Guðrún Ósvífursdóttir

text: Bolli Þorleiksson

text: Snorri the Goði

text: Snorri Goði

text: Thorness Thing

text: compensation

text: Olaf II

text: Sarpsborg

text: trade-ship

text: Constantinople

text: Roman Emperor

text: Romanos III

text: manglabites

text: Harald III of Norway

text: Text with modern Icelandic spelling

text: Laxdæla saga

text: Project Gutenberg

text: Genealogy

text: Byzantine & Varangian Equipment

categories: Þættir,Medieval literature,11th-century deaths,Mercenaries,Viking warriors,Sagas of Icelanders,Varangian Guard,1000 births

paragraph: Bolli Bollason

paragraph: Bolli Bollason (also Bolli Bollison) was a key historical character in the Medieval Icelandic "Laxdæla saga", born around 1000. He grew up in Orlygsstadir, at Helgafell on the Snæfellsnes Peninsula in Iceland. He divided his time between Helgafell and Tunga, the home of Snorri the Goði. He was held in the highest regard among the contemporary Scandinavian rulers, and also in the Eastern Roman Empire. It is believed that he had reached the rank of "manglabites" in the Eastern Roman army, and on his return to Iceland, his finery and recognition earned him the name "Bolli the Elegant".

paragraph: His importance in the literary context of the saga is his prominence as the son of Bolli Þorleiksson and Guðrún Ósvífursdóttir, the two central characters of the work. He is mentioned at the end of the "Sneglu-Hall þáttur" ("The Tale of Sarcastic Halli"), and is also the subject of his own tale, the "Bollaþáttur", which was later appended to the end of the manuscripts in the early 14th century.

paragraph: Section::::Laxdæla saga.

paragraph: Section::::Laxdæla saga.:Background.

paragraph: The "Laxdæla saga" or "Saga of the People of Laxardal" is an Icelandic family saga written sometime between 1250 and 1270, possibly by a woman author. "Vast in conception", the grand sweep of the saga's action spans well over a century from AD 890 to 1030. Alongside "Njál's saga" and "Egil's saga", the Laxdæla saga makes the strongest claim of any Icelandic saga for literary greatness. Shaped by continental literary traditions and several types of saga, the characterisation "highlights nobility, splendour and physical appearance", although:

paragraph: The saga is also a feud saga, in which "feuds escalate from trivial local squabbles into unstoppable vendettas. The male protagonists are splendid figures who die heroic deaths, while the women are strong characters who engineer much of the action".

paragraph: Many manuscripts of the "Laxdæla saga" have survived, although all printed versions have been based upon the "Möðruvallabók" (dated 1330-1370), the only intact vellum manuscript. Historiographically, the distinction between narrative and history did not exist at the time when the sagas were written. However, the sagas develop a "dense and plausible" historical context, with the authenticating details and precision necessary for the narrative. The world within which the local and detailed stories of the individual sagas exist can be confirmed by archaeology and comparison with histories in other languages.

paragraph: Section::::Laxdæla saga.:Account.

paragraph: Section::::Laxdæla saga.:Account.:Family and early life.

paragraph: Bolli Bollason was one of the People of Laxárdalur, in the Western Quarter of Iceland. He was born in 1006 to Guðrún Ósvífursdóttir, the winter after the killing of his father, Bolli Þorleiksson. Guðrún had been courted by Bolli Þorleiksson and his foster-brother Kjartan Ólafsson, but although she preferred Kjartan, she gave herself to Bolli Þorleiksson on the basis of a false rumour that Kjartan was engaged. The consequent hostilities between the two foster-brothers ended with Bolli Þorleiksson killing Kjartan, and then he in turn being killed by Kjartan's kinsmen. Bolli Bollason grew up with his brother Thorleik, who was four years his senior, and his mother Guðrún in Helgafell, after she exchanged homes with the renowned Snorri the Goði.

paragraph: Guðrún remarried, this time to Thorkell Eyjolffsson, who became a great chieftain in his own countryside and took over the running of the household at Helgafell.

paragraph: When Bolli was eighteen years old he asked for his father's portion, as he intended to woo Thordis Snorradottir, the daughter of Snorri Goði. He set out with his stepfather and a good many followers to Tunga. Snorri welcomed them, and the wedding feast took place that summer. Bolli abode at Tunga, and love grew between him and Thordis. The next summer, Thorleik returned in a goods-laden ship to White-river, "and the brothers greeted each other joyfully".

paragraph: The two brothers made peace with the sons of Ólaf, Kjartan's kinsmen, at the Thorness Thing; it is not known how much money was exchanged in compensation as part of the agreement, but Bolli received a good sword, and after the assembly "both sides were thought to have gained in esteem from these affairs".

paragraph: Section::::Laxdæla saga.:Account.:Travels abroad.

paragraph: Bolli's later travels abroad with his brother Thorleik are well documented and notable for his role in the Varangian Guard. They departed Iceland, taking "a great deal of money abroad with him", and reached Norway in the autumn. They stayed in Thrandheim for the winter, while King Olaf II was wintering in the east in Sarpsborg. Bolli soon became highly thought of in Norway, and his arrivals at the guild meeting-places were noted for being better arrayed as to raiment and weapons than other townsfolk. Early in the spring the brothers prepared their ship and went east to meet the king. The king thought Bolli "a man of high mettle," "even peerless among men", and "the man of greatest mark that has ever come from Iceland."

paragraph: Bolli boarded a trade-ship bound for Denmark, departing King Olaf in great friendship and with fine parting gifts. Thorleik remained behind, but Bolli wintered in Denmark and became as well regarded as he had been in Norway. Travelling next to Constantinople, he spent many years in the Varangian Guard; "and was thought to be the most valiant in all deeds that try a man, and always went next to those in the forefront." The saga also records the finery his followers received from the Roman Emperor (most likely Romanos III), and the influence he held after his return to Iceland, some time after the death of King Olaf II:

paragraph: The right to bear a gold-hilted sword was one of the privileges of the court rank of manglabites, and is taken as an indicator that Bolli held this rank. In Iceland, his finery and recognition earned him the name "Bolli the Elegant". His return to Thordis was joyful, and he took over the manor of Tunga when Snorri died at 67 years of age. Bolli had two children with Thordis: Herdis Bolladottir and Ospak Bollason.

paragraph: Section::::Tales.

paragraph: Section::::Tales.:Bollaþáttur.

paragraph: In Norse literature, a tale or "þáttur" referred to a short narrative often included as an episode in a larger whole, such as part of a saga. The "Bolla þáttur Bollasonar", or "Bolli Bollason's Tale", is such a narrative about an episode in the life of Bolli Bollason, taken from the 14th century "Möðruvallabók" which contains the "Laxdæla saga".

paragraph: According to the tale, a man called Thorolf Stuck-up had a bull which wounded his neighbours' farm animals, damaged haystacks and caused "a great deal of trouble". When an upstanding local farmer named Thord saw the bull damaging the stacks of peat on his farm at Marbaeli, he lunged at the animal with a spear and struck it dead. In revenge, Thorolf killed Thord's seven- or eight-year-old son Olaf, to the disgust of Thorolf's wife and kinsmen. Thorolf fled and eventually secured the protection of Thorvald Hjaltasson, a prominent leader who lived at Hjaltadal. After Christmas, Thorvald secured for him the safekeeping and support of Starri of Guddalir, who often sheltered outlaws.

paragraph: Thord's wife Gudrun, a first cousin of Bolli, asked him to take over the prosecution of the case. Accompanied by Arnor Crone's-nose and a large company of men, Bolli attended the Hegranes Assembly. Thorvald and Starri intended to block the prosecution "by force of arms and numbers", but when they realised they were outnumbered, they withdrew and Bolli successfully had Thorolf outlawed. Passage out of Iceland was obtained for Thorolf aboard a merchant vessel at Hrutafjord. However, Bolli believed it would have been improper if the outlawed Thorolf were to escape, and having ridden north to Hrutafjord, he drew his sword Leg-biter and "struck a blow right through" Thorolf, killing him.

paragraph: Section::::Tales.:Sneglu-Halla þáttr.

paragraph: Bolli died during the reign of Harald III of Norway, as is recorded at the end of "The Tale of Sarcastic Halli". The tale makes reference to Bolli's military prowess, in ironic contrast to the tale's protagonist:

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Translation in English by Muriel Press (The Temple Classics, London, 1899)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Text with modern Icelandic spelling

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laxdæla saga in an English translation by Muriel A. C. Press, 1899, from Project Gutenberg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Byzantine & Varangian Equipment

description: Icelandic Viking warrior

wikidata_label: Bolli Bollason

wikipedia_title: Bolli Bollason


text:
Danish
Symbolists
Skagen
Civita d'Antino
Frederiksberg
Hans Grønvold
Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts
Laurits Tuxen
Frans Schwartz
Kunstnernes Frie Studieskoler
Kristian Zahrtmann
Mogens Ballin
Symbolist
Paul Gauguin
Johannes Jørgensen
Kunsthal Charlottenborg
Italian Renaissance art
Masaccio
Lorenzo di Credi
Naturalism
Civita d'Antino
artists' colony
Skagen
Jutland
Tupsy
Viggo Johansen
Tupsy Clement
"Arbejder af Maleren G. F. Clement"

categories: Danish male painters,19th-century Danish painters,1867 births,1933 deaths,Skagen Painters,Artists from Copenhagen,20th-century Danish painters,Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni

paragraph: Gad Frederik Clement

paragraph: Gad Frederik Clement, generally known as G. F. Clement (9 July 1867 – 7 January 1933), was a Danish painter. After an early encounter with the French Symbolists, he took an interest in the Italian Renaissance period before turning to the more relaxed style of Naturalism in Skagen and Civita d'Antino.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Born in Frederiksberg, he was the son of an accountant. After an apprenticeship as a house painter, he studied art under Hans Grønvold at Copenhagen's Technical School (1883–85) before attending the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts where he graduated in 1888. He then studied under Laurits Tuxen and Frans Schwartz at Kunstnernes Frie Studieskoler (1888–92) before completing his studies under Kristian Zahrtmann in 1901.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In his early years, Clement was significantly influenced by his friend Mogens Ballin who introduced him to modern French Symbolist painting. In 1890, he was introduced to Paul Gauguin and his friends in France, leading him to associate with Johannes Jørgensen, a prominent contributor to the journal "Taarnet" which promoted Symbolism. The Symbolist style clearly comes out in his "Den hellige Frans og de tre hvide jomfruer" and in the other works he exhibited at Kunsthal Charlottenborg in 1893. However, his journeys to Italy from 1890 soon inspired him to take an interest in Italian Renaissance art, prompting him to copy works by Masaccio and Lorenzo di Credi. The clarity and colour of this approach can be seen in his "Portræt af en landsbypræst, pastor Vaupell" (1894) and "Fru Bertha Brandstrup" (1898). After the turn of the century, Clement moved away from this demanding style, preferring the more relaxed idiom of Naturalism.

paragraph: He began to concentrate on landscapes, especially in Italy where his travels took him to Rome and especially on several occasions to Civita d'Antino from 1900 to 1904. He also became a frequent visitor to the artists' colony in Skagen in the north of Jutland where he and his wife Tupsy were often in the company of Laurits Tuxen and Viggo Johansen. From 1920, the couple spent most of their summers in Italy. In addition to landscapes, he also painted portraits, flowers and figures indoors. His paintings of children reveal a high level of unsentimental understanding of his subjects.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: In 1902 while in Rome, Clement married the Norwegian painter Tupsy Clement who accompanied him to Skagen each summer from 1908 to 1920 and thereafter to Italy. His wife survived him after his death in Copenhagen in 1933. One of their daughters, Lillemor Clement, became a well known ceramist in Denmark.

paragraph: Section::::Honours and awards.

paragraph: Clement was a member of the Academy's board (1920–29). He received many awards including the Academy's prize and the gold medal from Munich.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Arbejder af Maleren G. F. Clement", Copenhagen, Kunstforeningen 1920. List of Clement's works.

alias:
G. F. Clement
G.F. Clement
Gad Frederick Clement

description: Danish painter

wikidata_label: Gad Frederik Clement

wikipedia_title: Gad Frederik Clement


text:
Berlin
Potsdam
theoretical physicist
GDR
general relativity
astrophysics
cosmology
history of science
philosophy
physics
Werner Heisenberg
Berlin
second world war
Humboldt University of Berlin
German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
Habilitation
Humboldt University of Berlin
gravitational radiation
Einstein's field equations
German Academy of Sciences
Berlin-Babelsberg Observatory
Central Institute for Astrophysics
Sonneberg Observatory
Karl Schwarzschild Observatory
geophysics
magnetohydrodynamics
Max Steenbeck
geophysics
Hans Ertel
Einstein
Caputh, Brandenburg
Otto Nathan
Karl-Heinz Schmidt
Wilfried Schröder
Marxist
Karl Popper
Leibniz-Sozietät

categories: German astrophysicists,2006 deaths,Cosmologists,1928 births,Relativity theorists,Humboldt University of Berlin alumni,20th-century physicists,People from Berlin

paragraph: Hans-Jürgen Treder

paragraph: Hans-Jürgen Treder (born September 4, 1928 in Berlin, died November 18, 2006 in Potsdam) was a German theoretical physicist and in the GDR, specializing in general relativity (and its extensions), astrophysics, and cosmology. He also had an interest in the history of science and philosophy.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Education.

paragraph: Treder took an early interest in physics, displaying talent in the subject. As a student in 1944, he sought contact with Werner Heisenberg in Berlin, later to meet and communicate with him. After the second world war he studied at the Humboldt University of Berlin in physics and philosophy.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:PhD and research.

paragraph: In 1956 he was awarded his doctorate from the Humboldt University of Berlin. In 1957, he became a research assistant at the Research Institute of Mathematics of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin. Immediately after earning a Habilitation in 1962, in 1963 he became professor of theoretical physics at Humboldt University of Berlin and director of the Academy Institute of Pure Mathematics. With work on gravitational radiation at that time he earned international recognition. In 1965, he was instrumental in organizing the conference for the 50th anniversary of the publication of Einstein's field equations.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Positions and affiliations.

paragraph: In 1966 he became a full member of the German Academy of Sciences and was Director of the Berlin-Babelsberg Observatory of the Academy of Sciences. Following reorganization in 1969, he headed the newly established Central Institute for Astrophysics (ZIAP), in which the previously independent observatories in Potsdam, the Babelsberg Observatory, the Sonneberg Observatory and the Karl Schwarzschild Observatory, Tautenburg were summarized. Until 1973, he also led the research field of cosmic physics at the Academy of Sciences, in astrophysics and geophysics. Then he gave to health reasons and focused on the management of the ZIAP. He not only made it a center of theoretical gravitational physics, but also included magnetohydrodynamics (MHD, in collaboration with Max Steenbeck) - which played an important role in astrophysics on a par with the gravitational theory in the model training - and geophysics (in collaboration with Hans Ertel), which was formative in Potsdam later.

paragraph: On Einstein's 100th Birthday, 1979, he managed to secure a summer house by Einstein in Caputh, Brandenburg as a guest of the Academy in consultation with the administrators of the estate of Otto Nathan and Einstein. In 1982 he handed over the ZIAP to his successor, Karl-Heinz Schmidt. Treder was director and founder of the Laboratory of Einstein Academy in Potsdam Caputh he remained until 1992. He has published in the last years of his life with his friend, the geophysicist Wilfried Schröder, many works in the Earth and space physics, including solar variability. In addition, the edition of the book Einstein and geophysics, as well as some volumes of the works of Hans Ertel. Focus of their work was the solar minima (Sporer, Maunder and Dalton minima) and the physical consequences for the solar activity. Treder was chairman of the International Society "History of Geophysics and Cosmical Physics".

paragraph: Treder enjoyed high reputation in the GDR (he received include the National Prize of the GDR) and the full confidence of the political leadership, and he enjoyed privileges such as full freedom to travel and own chauffeur driven car. Calls from the West declined from Treder, he was not only an avowed Marxist, but also felt the history of science in Berlin closely connected, about which he later wrote some books.

paragraph: He lived later on the grounds of the Babelsberg Observatory, but was increasingly maverick and was after the turn not retain its leading role in the scientific organization, from which he had but retired early as the 1980s, when he turned increasingly to the History of Science and the philosophy of science turned (he led such a correspondence with Karl Popper).

paragraph: Treder was a member of the Leibniz-Sozietät.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: He unfolded a high scientific productivity and published nearly 500 individual contributions and more than 20 monographs.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Monographs on gravitational physics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gravitational shock waves. Non-analytic wave solutions of Einstein's field equations", Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1962

paragraph: Section::::Works.:The history of science, philosophy of science.

paragraph: Some popular writings of Treder:

description: German theoretical physicist

wikidata_label: Hans-Jürgen Treder

wikipedia_title: Hans-Jürgen Treder


text: structural engineer

text: civil engineer

text: reinforced concrete

text: Institution of Structural Engineers

text: Central Bandstand, Herne Bay

text: Great Yarmouth

text: Cambridge

text: Edmonton

text: Wandsworth

text: Stratford

text: All Saints Church, Cambridge

text: Lambeth

text: Battersea

text: Hackney

text: De Vere Gardens

text: Kensington

text: Times

text: Richmond

text: flying officer

text: World War II

text: Norwich

text: reinforced concrete

text: Who Was Who

text: Institution of Civil Engineers

text: Institution of Structural Engineers

text: The Architects' Journal

text: François Coignet

text: bankruptcy

text: consulting engineer

text: Westminster

text: Water tower

text: Royal Naval Air Service

text: reinforced concrete

text: VIP

text: red carpet

text: Mayfair

text: City of Westminster

text: Dartmouth

text: The Times

text: River Dart

text: Plymouth

text: Torquay

text: estuary

text: retaining wall

text: piles

text: foundations

text: viaduct

text: trestle

text: column

text: beams

text: subsidence

text: embankment

text: curtain wall

text: precast

text: prefabrication

text: tidal

text: Architectural Review

text: lantern slides

text: London South Bank University

text: British Architectural Library catalogue

categories: Structural engineers,English architecture writers,1944 deaths,English architects,1880 births

paragraph: H. Kempton Dyson

paragraph: Herbert William Charles Kempton Dyson, M.I.Struct.E. (1880–1944), known professionally as H. Kempton Dyson, was an English structural engineer, civil engineer, architect, editor and author who specialised in reinforced concrete structures. He was a founder member and the first permanent secretary of the Concrete Institute, which became the Institution of Structural Engineers. He designed the Central Bandstand, Herne Bay in 1924.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Section::::Background.:Ancestry.

paragraph: Dyson's paternal grandfather was William Farrell Dyson of Great Yarmouth (1823–1886), who married Mary Ann Franklin (1826–1891) at Great Yarmouth in 1852. Dyson's maternal grandfather was Green Kempton (1824–1885) of Cambridge who married Eliza Campion in Cambridge in 1845.

paragraph: Dyson's father was architect William Franklin Dyson who was born in Great Yarmouth, 1853, and died in Edmonton, 1918. His mother was Edith Blyth Kempton who was born in Cambridge, 1857, and died in Wandsworth, 1905. His parents married in Cambridge on 23 January 1879.

paragraph: Section::::Background.:Life history.

paragraph: He was born on 24 January 1880 in Stratford, and was baptised in the same year at All Saints Church, Cambridge. He was his parents' only son. By 1881 he was living at 126 Upper Kennington Lane, Lambeth, and by 1901 he was in south-west Battersea. In Hackney in 1909 he married Nellie Cooper, only daughter of George Cooper; she was born in Germany in 1886. By 1911 at the age of 31 Dyson was calling himself Herbert Kempton Dyson, he was listed as secretary of the Concrete Institute and was living with his wife in Richmond. In 1924 he was living at 17 Warwick Square, London SW1. He died at home, at no.3 De Vere Gardens, Kensington on 15 January 1944 aged 63 years, and was described in his "Times" obituary paragraph as a registered architect and chartered structural engineer, and as the "beloved husband of Nellie Kempton Dyson".

paragraph: Herbert and Nellie had a son, Norman Kempton Dyson, born in Richmond, 1910. Norman married Betty L. Way in Kensington, 1936, and became a flying officer on 11 May 1941 during World War II. He died in Norwich in 1975.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Dyson had special expertise in reinforced concrete structures. He is described in "Who Was Who" as "an architect and consulting civil engineer; specialist in structural engineering, especially reinforced concrete and steel construction." When the Concrete Institute was founded in 1908, he was 28 years old and an Associate Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Between 1908 and 1917 he held the post of Secretary of the Concrete Institute. In May 1910 he became the first permanent secretary at £200 per year, and although he was allowed to undertake journalistic work in office hours and employ a typist at £1 per week, he had to remain within the office between 10.00 am and 6.00 pm on weekdays. In 1917 he resigned as secretary and was elected to membership; he served on its council between 1921 and 1922. In 1922 he was awarded the bronze medal of the Concrete Institute for his paper entitled "What is the Use of the Modular Ratio?" He assisted in the founding of the Institute and its 1922 development into the Institution of Structural Engineers. Besides serving on most of its committees during his career he was honorary editor of its journal, "The Structural Engineer" in 1923, and was honorary secretary of the Institute 1924–1925.

paragraph: From 1922 to 1923 he was editor of "The Builders' Journal and Architectural Engineer", which later became "The Architects' Journal", and of "Specification" from 1904 to 1908. He was a Registered Architect, a past member of the British Joint Committee on Reinforced Concrete and Hon. Secretary of the Conference on the London Steel-Frame Act (enacted as the LCC (General Powers) Act 1909). In 1910 he was sent to Paris by the Concrete Institute as part of a deputation to study the durability of reinforced concrete, looking at bridges, tunnels, culverts, reservoirs and other buildings including one designed by François Coignet in 1852. In 1914 he took part in an international investigation into reinforced concrete accidents.

paragraph: On 2 February 1926 a creditor filed a petition for bankruptcy against him, and a receiving order was declared against him on 2 March. At this time he was a consulting engineer and conducting business at 17 Warwick Square, Westminster, London WC1.

paragraph: Section::::Designs and projects.

paragraph: He has been described as the "designer of numerous structures of many kinds." This section lists some of those designs.

paragraph: Section::::Designs and projects.:Up to 1913.

paragraph: In 1910 he designed a new system of floor construction, and in 1913 he designed adjustable beam forms, which were reinforced concrete beams for electric travelling cranes to run on (1913).

paragraph: Section::::Designs and projects.:World War I.

paragraph: At some time between 1914 and 1918 he was employed to design reinforced concrete slipways for flying boats, and was consulting Engineer for Works of strengthening supports for the dome at St Paul's Cathedral. In 1918 he designed a Water tower for Royal Naval Air Service at Killeagh, Cork.

paragraph: Section::::Designs and projects.:From 1919.:Central Bandstand, Herne Bay.

paragraph: In 1923–1924 he designed the first phase of this bandstand as one of the earliest reinforced concrete structures of its kind in the UK. It was supported above the tidal beach on concrete pillars sheathed in cast iron, so that it was level with the promenade. Its cantilevered roof supported seaward-facing balconies with space for deckchairs, and sheltered both a lower deck and the stage. Metal, glazed screens at the east and west sides of the building crossed the promenade, and could be moved to protect the audience from wind, or retracted into the wings to allow promenaders to cross when no band was playing. The seating area in front of the stage was a railed-off section of the promenade, and the seating on the roof above the stage included two copper-covered domes, plus two domes which doubled as refreshment kiosks. In the 1920s and 1930s the conductor of a visiting military band was considered a VIP, therefore a red carpet would be laid across the road so that he could make his grand entrance from the Connaught Hotel opposite the Bandstand.

paragraph: Section::::Designs and projects.:From 1919.:Cavendish House.

paragraph: Between 1927 and 1928 he designed the alteration of Cavendish House, no. 32 Old Burlington Street, Mayfair, City of Westminster, London W1S, to create a new fifth storey for a picture gallery, and to rearrange space for shops on the ground floor.

paragraph: Section::::Designs and projects.:From 1919.:Rue de Courseulles Sur Mer, Dartmouth.

paragraph: This project was originally called the Coombe Improvements Scheme. In the spring of 1929, Dyson teamed up with fellow consulting engineer Gower B. R. Pimm to design a road over river mud at Dartmouth. It was described by "The Times" as "an engineering feat". It was a piece of road intended to connect Dartmouth's North Embankment of the River Dart with the Dartmouth-Torquay road, thus easing traffic between Plymouth and Torquay. It was to become the Rue de Courseulles Sur Mer, part of the A379, and the estuary mud behind the road was later reclaimed as a leisure facility. A 30 ft carriageway and two 10 ft footpaths gave the road a 50 ft width.

paragraph: A retaining wall protected it from the river, and piles 20–45 ft long, each weighing four tons and driven in rows of three, prevented the road from sinking into mud, although these were not needed for about 200 ft at each end: foundations were shallower so that hard core and a reinforced concrete containing wall were used there. Beneath the middle 200 yards, the rock foundation was at a great depth under the mud, so the reinforced concrete road was built on an open viaduct over about 200 reinforced concrete piles and supported by reinforced concrete trestles made of columns, beams and bracings. Although the new leisure area behind the road would be filled with hard core and soil, and similar filling would be placed below the viaduct, the road on its viaduct could be used early on, with no need to worry about initial subsidence of the filling. The river-side of the embankment was faced with a reinforced concrete curtain wall, built by suspending precast, properly cured, reinforced concrete L-shaped units from the top of the viaduct's trestle. The prefabrication and use of a crane cut tidal work to a minimum.

paragraph: Section::::Publications and papers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cheap cottages and the exhibition (1905) at Letchworth'". Part I, "Architectural Review" vol. 18, 1905, p. 108–115.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cheap cottages and the exhibition (1905) at Letchworth". Part II, "Architectural Review", vol. 18, 1905, p. 154–169.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Concrete Block Making in Great Britain" (1908–1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The everyday uses of Portland cement" (1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reinforced Concrete Bins" (1910)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "History and Development of Reinforced Concrete" (1910) in "Concrete and Constructional Engineering" vol V, 1910, nos. 1 to 12

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reinforced Concrete Design Simplified. Diagrams, tables, and other data for designing and checking accurately and speedily" by John Charles Gammon and H. Kempton Dyson (1911), London, C. Lockwood & Son

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shear and problems arising therefrom" (1913)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "London's reinforced concrete regulations: a constructive criticism, part I" (1913) in "Concrete and Constructional Engineering", VOL. VIII. 1913. Nos. 1 to 12, published at North British and Mercantile Building, Waterloo, Place, London, S.W.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "London's reinforced concrete regulations: a constructive criticism, part II" (1914) in "Concrete and Constructional Engineering", vol IX 1914.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Slender struts" (1914) in "Concrete and Constructional Engineering", vol IX 1914.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reform of building by-laws" in "Journal of the Institute of Municipal and County Engineers", March 1915 p. 6.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shear and problems arising therefrom" (1915) in "Concrete and Constructional Engineering", vol. X, nos 1–12.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New materials and methods as influencing design" (paper, 1917)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shear and problems arising therefrom" (1918) in "The Structural Engineer" vol. 6, Issue 1.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tests on high-tension steels in reinforced concrete design" (1921) in "Concrete and Constructional Engineering", vol. XVI, 1921, nos 1–12.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What is the use of the modular ratio?" (1921–1922) in "Concrete and Constructional Engineering", Vol 17, nos 5, 6 and 7, London May–July 1922, pp. 330–36, 408–15, 486–91.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stresses in Beams" (1923) in "The Structural Engineer" vol. 1, Issue 12.

paragraph: Section::::Lectures.

paragraph: On 27 September 1910, Dyson introduced an educational course with a lecture, using lantern slides, called "Instruction in reinforced concrete: a special category" at the London County Council School of Building, now London South Bank University. The course followed in the winter of the same year, and was entitled "Reinforced concrete: practice and design". In November and December 1913 he gave six lectures on "Reinforced concrete: its commercial development and practical application" at the Concrete Institute, Denison House, 296 Vauxhall Bridge Road, Westminster.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- British Architectural Library catalogue which holds drawings by H. Kempton Dyson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flickr image of water tower in Killeagh, Cork, designed by H. Kempton Dyson in 1918

description: British architect

wikidata_label: H. Kempton Dyson

wikipedia_title: H. Kempton Dyson


text: Oslo

text: upright bass

text: Peter Opsvik

text: Norwegian Academy of Music

text: Jacob Sacks

text: Kenny Wollesen

text: Mat Maneri

text: Paul Motian

text: Russ Lossing

text: Kris Davis

text: Håkon Kornstad

text: David Binney

text: Brian Blade

text: Craig Taborn

text: Tony Malaby

text: Kenny Wollesen

text: Jazzaway Records

text: Rune Grammofon

text: Marvin Charles Trio

text: Ketil Gutvik

text: Hot Club Records

text: Mat Maneri

text: Paul Motian

text: Jostein Gulbrandsen Quartet

text: Mike Pride

text: Kris Davis

text: Matt Moran

text: David Binney

text: Craig Taborn

text: Tyshawn Sorey

text: Mary Halvorson

text: David Binney

categories: Musicians from Oslo,Norwegian jazz upright-bassists,21st-century double-bassists,Norwegian Academy of Music alumni,Male double-bassists,Norwegian jazz composers,Jazz double-bassists,Living people,1973 births,Avant-garde jazz musicians

paragraph: Eivind Opsvik

paragraph: Eivind Opsvik (born 1973 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz musician (upright bass) and composer, the son of the Norwegian interior and furniture designer Peter Opsvik.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Opsvik is a graduate of the Norwegian Academy of Music (1993–97), and he made himself evident on the Oslo jazz scene from the early 1990s, before moving to New York in 1998, where has been living since. He is thoroughly involved in composing, recording, mixing and producing music, as he manages a studio in his basement, from where he is running the record label Loyal Label. His main projects are 'Overseas' and 'Opsvik & Jennings', besides his solo project.

paragraph: 'Overseas' is the name of his band that was formed in 2002 and includes Jacob Sacks (piano, harpsichord and organ), Tony Malaby (saxophone), Kenny Wollesen (drums) and the most recent addition, Brandon Seabrook (guitar). Opsvik plays upright bass and writes all the music. Four records have been released, starting with "Overseas" (2003), then "Overseas II" (2005) and third "Overseas III" (2008). "Overseas IV" was recorded in the summer of 2011 and released in 2012.

paragraph: Opsvik & Jennings is an experimental pop duo with tunesmith and guitarist Aaron Jennings, that have released three albums, "Fløyel Files" (2005), "Commuter Anthems" (2007) and "A Dream I Used to Remember" (2009).

paragraph: Opsvik is currently working on a solo album (2013) in collaboration with photographer Michelle Arcila. He also performs with a plethora of other bands and musicians, like Tony Malaby's Paloma Recio, Nate Wooley Quintet, Jesse Stacken Trio, Skuli Sverrison's Seria, Two Miles A Day with a record featuring Jacob Sacks, Mat Maneri and Paul Motian, Jeff Davis Trio with Russ Lossing, Mary Halvorson's Reverse Blue, Rocket Engine, Plainville, Kris Davis Trio, Håkon Kornstad, David Binney with Brian Blade and Craig Taborn, Rocket Engine, Tone Collector, Jesse Harris' Cosmo, The Interaction of Non-Interaction with Ben Gerstein and Poor Pluto.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Within 'Overseas' including Jacob Sacks & Tony Malaby

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Overseas" (Fresh Sound New Talent), feat. Craig Taborn, Wells Hanley, Gerald Cleaver, Jeff Davis, Dan Weiss, Loren Stillman & Jason Rigby

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Overseas II" (Fresh Sound New Talent), feat. Kenny Wollesen, Jeff Davis, Craig Taborn, Loren Stillman

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Overseas III" (Loyal Label), feat. Kenny Wollesen, Larry Campbell & Jeff Davis

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Overseas IV" (Loyal Label), feat. Kenny Wollesen & Brandon Seabrook

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Within 'Tone Collector' including Tony Malaby & Jeff Davis

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Tone Collector" (Jazzaway Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Within 'Opsvik & Jennings' (Aaron Jennings)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Fløyel Files" (NCM East)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Commuter Anthems" (Rune Grammofon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "A Dream I Used to Remember" (Loyal Label)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Within Marvin Charles Trio including Ketil Gutvik

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Marvin Charles Trio" (Hot Club Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Within 'Jacob Sacks/Eivind Opsvik/Mat Maneri/Paul Motian'

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Two Miles A Day" (Loyal Label/Yeah Yeah Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Within Jostein Gulbrandsen Quartet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Twelve" (Fresh Sound New Talent)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Within 'Rocket Engine' including Eric Biondo, Mike Pride, Jonathan Goldberger, Aaron Jennings, Ben Gerstein, Jeff Davis & Kris Davis

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "What is This That Stands Before Me?" (Loyal Label)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Within 'Jon Irabagon's Outright!'

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Outright!" (Innova Recordings)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Within 'Nate Wooley Quintet' including Harris Eisenstadt, Josh Sinton & Matt Moran

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "(Put Your) Hands Together" (Clean Feed Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "(Dance to) The Early Music" (Clean Feed Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Within 'Nate Wooley Sextet' including Josh Sinton, Harris Eisenstadt, Dan Peck & Matt Moran

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "(Sit In) The Throne of Friendship" (Clean Feed Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With David Binney

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Lifted Land" (Criss Cross/Musikklosen), Craig Taborn & Tyshawn Sorey

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Mary Halvorson

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Reverse Blue" (Relative Pitch Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With David Binney

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: "The Times Verses" (Criss Cross)

description: Norwegian musician

wikidata_label: Eivind Opsvik

wikipedia_title: Eivind Opsvik


text:
Latin
fable
pagan
Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius
Babrius
Greek
Latin
prose
pentameter
Alexander Neckam
The Tortoise and the Birds
The Snake and the Crab
The North Wind and the Sun
The Ass in the Lion's Skin
The Frog and the Fox
The Mischievous Dog
The Bear and the Travelers
The Two Pots
The Oak and the Reed
The Bulls and the Lion
The Fir and the Bramble
The fisherman and the little fish
The Statue of Hermes
The Crow and the Pitcher
The Satyr and the Traveller
God helps those who help themselves
The Goose That Laid the Golden Eggs
The Ant and the Grasshopper
The Trumpeter Taken Captive
Hendrik Cannegieter
Lachmann
Wilhelm Fröhner
Emil Baehrens
Robinson Ellis
Aviana (gens)
Lucian Müller
Otto Unrein
Leopold Hervieux
William Caxton

paragraph: Avianus

paragraph: Avianus (c. AD 400) a Latin writer of fables, identified as a pagan.

paragraph: The 42 fables which bear his name are dedicated to a certain Theodosius, whose learning is spoken of in most flattering terms. He may possibly be Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius, the author of "Saturnalia"; some think he may be the emperor of that name. Nearly all the fables are to be found in Babrius, who was probably Avianus's source of inspiration, but as Babrius wrote in Greek, and Avianus speaks of having made an elegiac version from a rough Latin copy, probably a prose paraphrase, he was not indebted to the original. The language and metre are on the whole correct, in spite of deviations from classical usage, chiefly in the management of the pentameter. The fables soon became popular as a school-book. "Promythia and epimythia" (introductions and morals), paraphrases, and imitations were frequent, such as the "Novus Avianus" of Alexander Neckam (12th century).

paragraph: Section::::Fables.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. De nutrice et infanti

paragraph: BULLET::::2. De testudine et aquila - noticed under The Tortoise and the Birds

paragraph: BULLET::::3. De cancris - noticed under The Snake and the Crab

paragraph: BULLET::::4. De vento et sole - The North Wind and the Sun

paragraph: BULLET::::5. De asino pelle leonis induto - The Ass in the Lion's Skin

paragraph: BULLET::::6. De rana et vulpe - The Frog and the Fox

paragraph: BULLET::::7. De cane qui noluit latrare - The Mischievous Dog

paragraph: BULLET::::8. De camelo

paragraph: BULLET::::9. De duobus sociis et ursa - The Bear and the Travelers

paragraph: BULLET::::10. De calvo

paragraph: BULLET::::11. De ollis - The Two Pots

paragraph: BULLET::::12. De thesauro

paragraph: BULLET::::13. De hirco et tauro

paragraph: BULLET::::14. De simia

paragraph: BULLET::::15. De grue et pavone

paragraph: BULLET::::16. De quercu et harundine - The Oak and the Reed

paragraph: BULLET::::17. De venatore et tigride

paragraph: BULLET::::18. De quattuor iuvencis et leone - The Bulls and the Lion

paragraph: BULLET::::19. De abiete ac dumis - The Fir and the Bramble

paragraph: BULLET::::20. De piscatore et pisce - The fisherman and the little fish

paragraph: BULLET::::21. De luscinia

paragraph: BULLET::::22. De cupido et invido

paragraph: BULLET::::23. De Baccho - noticed under The Statue of Hermes

paragraph: BULLET::::24. De venatore et leone

paragraph: BULLET::::25. De fure et parvo

paragraph: BULLET::::26. De leone et capella

paragraph: BULLET::::27. De cornice et urna - The Crow and the Pitcher

paragraph: BULLET::::28. De rustico et iuvenco

paragraph: BULLET::::29. De viatore et fauno - The Satyr and the Traveller

paragraph: BULLET::::30. De apro et coco

paragraph: BULLET::::31. De mure et tauro

paragraph: BULLET::::32. - God helps those who help themselves

paragraph: BULLET::::33. De ansere ova aurea pariente - The Goose That Laid the Golden Eggs

paragraph: BULLET::::34. De cicada et formica - The Ant and the Grasshopper

paragraph: BULLET::::35. De simiae gemellis

paragraph: BULLET::::36. De vitulo et bove

paragraph: BULLET::::37. De leone et cane

paragraph: BULLET::::38. De pisce et focis

paragraph: BULLET::::39. De milite veterano - noticed under The Trumpeter Taken Captive

paragraph: BULLET::::40. De pardo et vulpe

paragraph: BULLET::::41. De olla cruda

paragraph: BULLET::::42. De lupo et haedo

paragraph: Section::::Editions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hendrik Cannegieter (1731)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lachmann (1845)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilhelm Fröhner (1862)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emil Baehrens in "Poetae Latini Minores" (1879–1883)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robinson Ellis, "The Fables of Avianus" (1887)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Fables of Avianus, translated by David R. Slavitt, Johns Hopkins University Press 1993

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aviana (gens)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Latin Wikisource

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lucian Müller "De Phaedri et Aviani fabulis libellis" (1875)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Otto Unrein, "De Aviani Aetate" (1885), Jena dissertation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leopold Hervieux, "Les Fabulistes latins" (1894)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fables of Avian translated into Englyshe ... by William Caxton at Westmynstre" (1483).

description: ancient Roman poet

wikidata_label: Avianus

wikipedia_title: Avianus