text:
British
Belize dollar
British Honduras
Belize
Marlow, Buckinghamshire
Brandon, Suffolk
flintlock mechanism
Kingdom of Portugal
Kingdom of Spain
First World War
polio
First World War
fishing
Alfred Mylne
Bahamas
Trinidad
food poisoning
Jamaica
launch
will
Belize City
inheritance tax
annuities
trust
stock
interest
pounds sterling
regatta
Bliss Institute
Bliss School of Nursing
capital
a national public holiday

categories: British philanthropists,1869 births,1926 deaths

paragraph: Baron Bliss

paragraph: Henry Edward Ernest Victor Bliss, 4th Baron Bliss, commonly known as Baron Bliss (16 February 1869 – 9 March 1926), was a British-born traveller who willed nearly two million Belize dollars to a trust fund for the benefit of the citizens of what was then the colony of British Honduras, now Belize.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born Henry Edward Ernest Victor de Barreto and lived in Marlow, Buckinghamshire, England, as a youth. His father was Henry Aldridge, who inherited the estate of his uncle Edward Bliss of Brandon, Suffolk, a manufacturer of flintlock mechanisms for guns, and changed his surname to Bliss under the terms of his uncle's will. In 1855, Henry Bliss inherited the estate and title of his cousin the Baron de Alreyo of the Kingdom of Portugal, although he was styled the Baron de Bliss due to the conditions stated in his uncle's will. In June 1869, he was granted another bequest from Colonel Carlo Antonio Barreto of the Kingdom of Spain, with the stipulation that he change his name to Barreto, and he did so in spite of the earlier limitation from his uncle.

paragraph: Henry Edward Ernest Victor de Barreto was an engineer by trade and on the death of his father in 1890, became the 4th Baron de Barreto. However during the First World War he reverted to his family name of Bliss, and was known afterwards as Baron Bliss. He was apparently successful in his career, but it is not known how he obtained his fortune, whether due to business acumen or inheritance, or a combination thereof.

paragraph: Bliss became paralysed from the waist down in 1911 at the age of 42, likely due to polio, and was confined to a wheelchair. Despite this, he remained active. He was apparently an avid sailor, but had his yacht confiscated for war purposes during the First World War. When the war ended, he was wealthy enough to retire to a lifetime of fishing and leisure, so to that end he ordered a new 120 ft twin screw yacht from the famous Scottish yacht designer Alfred Mylne, which he christened "Sea King II". In 1920, he sailed the yacht to the Bahamas, where he stayed for five years. Meanwhile, his wife Baroness Ethel Alice Bliss stayed in England, living off a portion of his fortune. The couple had no children.

paragraph: Although he had some property there, he eventually grew tired of Bahamanian society and decided to move on. Leaving the Bahamas behind, he sailed to Trinidad and was there for a short while when he came down with a serious bout of food poisoning. Deciding to accept a previous invitation from his friend Willoughby Bullock, who was then Attorney General of British Honduras, he sailed westward, stopping briefly in Jamaica likely for medical attention, and arriving in the Belize City harbour on 1926.

paragraph: Bliss's health appeared to improve over the next few weeks, and he spent much of this time sailing around the area in his launch, exploring the coastline and fishing. However, just days before his 57th birthday, his health took a turn for the worse, and doctors advised him that he was terminally ill. It was at this time that he decided he would leave the bulk of his fortune to the country, and signed a new draft of his will, dated . Several weeks later, he died on his yacht, never having landed on the Belize mainland. He was buried in Belize City, in what is now known as Bliss Park. This was a temporary arrangement, and he was later interred in a granite tomb near the sea, with a lighthouse nearby, built with funds from his estate. The burial instructions were explicitly stated in the will.

paragraph: Section::::The Bliss bequest.

paragraph: At the time of his death, Bliss's fortune was worth nearly (about ). About $480,000 was claimed by the United Kingdom in inheritance taxes. His will gave specific instructions on how the money was to be used to the benefit of the citizens of British Honduras. Aside from small lifetime annuities to his wife and relatives in England and to his personal staff, the remainder of the funds was placed in a trust, executed by the Governor, the Colonial Secretary, and the Attorney General.

paragraph: The original monies were to be invested in British stocks and securities, and only the interest earned could be spent, and even that could not be spent on churches, dance halls or schools, except agricultural and vocational ones. One-hundred pounds sterling was to be set aside annually for a regatta, which has since been held every year on Baron Bliss Day. A peculiar condition attached to the money was that no American may be a trustee or an employee of a trustee. No explanation was given.

paragraph: Over the years, the trust has provided more than to fund projects, including the Bliss Institute, Bliss School of Nursing, and other capital projects across the country. , the fund was still worth roughly .

paragraph: Section::::Baron Bliss Day.

paragraph: Soon after his death, the government declared to be Baron Bliss Day, a national public holiday. This was later renamed to National Heroes and Benefactors Day, and is now observed the Monday closest to , unless it falls on a Saturday or it has been moved by decree. In 2019, it was celebrated on Monday, 11 March.

description: British philanthropist

wikidata_label: Baron Bliss

wikipedia_title: Baron Bliss


text:
45 Grave
deathrock
all-female
punk
Alice Bag
Bags
Paul Cutler
the Consumers
Rob Graves
Don Bolles
Germs
Nervous Gender
Paul Roessler
the Screamers
Hell Comes to Your House
Nikki Sixx
Mötley Crüe
Return of the Living Dead
mini album
MySpace
Rikk Agnew
Frank Agnew
Night of the Demons
Frontier Records

categories: 1960 births,American punk rock singers,Living people,Singers from California,American female singers,Gothic rock musicians,Female punk rock singers,Deathrock musicians

paragraph: Dinah Cancer

paragraph: Dinah Cancer (born August 28, 1960) is the stage name of vocalist Mary Ann Sims, best known for her band 45 Grave, which helped found the deathrock music genre.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Cancer's first band was Castration Squad, an all-female punk band formed by Alice Bag of Bags. While a member of this band, Cancer used the moniker "Mary Bat-Thing".

paragraph: In 1979, 45 Grave was formed. The band also featured guitarist Paul Cutler (formerly of the Consumers), bassist Rob Graves (previously of Bags), drummer Don Bolles (previously of Germs and Nervous Gender) and keyboardist Paul Roessler (previously of the Screamers and Nervous Gender). In 1981, 45 Grave released their first single, "Black Cross", and contributed several songs to the compilation "Hell Comes to Your House".

paragraph: Cancer was also a member of the 45 Grave-related band Vox Pop, and sang backup for Nervous Gender.

paragraph: Cancer dated Nikki Sixx of Mötley Crüe for a period in the early 1980s, before marrying Cutler while both were members of 45 Grave. The band broke up in 1985, the same year that their song "Partytime" was featured on the soundtrack to the film "Return of the Living Dead". They reformed in 1988 and released the live album "Only the Good Die Young" in 1989. The band came to a permanent halt with the 1990 death of Graves from a heroin overdose.

paragraph: Cancer remarried briefly and had two daughters named Ilse and Eirika before separating from her second husband. She returned to using her birth name, Mary Sims, becoming a preschool teacher and running the Ragnarok occult bookstore. In 1997, she formed the band Penis Flytrap, who released the mini album "Tales of Terror " (1998, Bloody Daggre Records) and the album "Dismemberment" (2001, Black Plague Records). Cancer and drummer Hal Satan left Penis Flytrap to form Dinah Cancer and the Grave Robbers.

paragraph: In 2004, 45 Grave reformed for their 25th anniversary, with Cancer as the only original member. Cancer said via her MySpace page: "I'm building this to keep the spirit of 45 Grave alive, introduce its magic to new fans, and as a personal commemorative of my best memories being the driving force and front person of 45 Grave". The reformed 45 Grave (featuring Rikk Agnew and later Frank Agnew) performed the title track to the 2009 horror film "Night of the Demons", and released their second studio album, "Pick Your Poison", in 2012 on Frontier Records.

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Dinah Cancer

wikipedia_title: Dinah Cancer


text:
Bristol
Bristol Grammar School
Sarah Wallis
Gold Coast
African Company of Merchants
Cape Coast
Kumasi
Ashanti
British Museum
Georges Cuvier
Alexander von Humboldt
Lisbon
Madeira
Cape Verde Islands
Banjul
Gambia
Sierra Leone
malaria
Sarah (Wallis) Bowdich Lee

categories: English explorers,British writers,1791 births,People from Bristol,People educated at Bristol Grammar School,Explorers of Africa,1824 deaths,Deaths from malaria

paragraph: Thomas Edward Bowdich

paragraph: Thomas Edward Bowdich (20 June 1791 – 10 January 1824) was an English traveller and author.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Bowdich was born at Bristol and educated at Bristol Grammar School. In 1813, he married Sarah Wallis, who shared his subsequent career.

paragraph: In 1814, through his uncle, J. Hope-Smith, governor of the British Gold Coast settlements, he obtained a writership in the service of the African Company of Merchants and was sent to Cape Coast.

paragraph: In 1817, he was sent, with two companions, William Hutchison and Henry Tedlie, to Kumasi on a mission to the king of Ashanti, and chiefly through his skillful diplomacy the mission succeeded in its object of securing British control over the coast natives.

paragraph: In 1818, Bowdich returned to England, and in 1819 published an account of his mission and of the study he had made of the court of Kumasi, entitled "Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee, &c." (London, 1819). He later presented his Ashanti collections to the British Museum. Bowdich publicly attacked the management of the African committee, and his strictures were instrumental in leading the British government to assume direct control over the Gold Coast.

paragraph: From 1820 to 1822, Bowdich lived in Paris, studying mathematics and the natural sciences, and was on intimate terms with Georges Cuvier, Alexander von Humboldt and other savants. During his stay in France he edited several works on Africa, and also wrote scientific works.

paragraph: In 1822, accompanied by his wife, he went to Lisbon, where, from a study of historic MSS., he published "An Account of the Discoveries of the Portuguese in . . . Angola and Mozambique" (London, 1824).

paragraph: In 1823, Bowdich and his wife, after some months spent in Madeira and Cape Verde Islands, arrived at Bathurst (now Banjul) at the mouth of the Gambia, intending to go to Sierra Leone and thence explore the interior. However, Bowdich died from malaria while in Bathurst on 10 January 1824, leaving his widow Sarah with three children.

paragraph: His widow, Sarah (Wallis) Bowdich Lee, published an account of his last journey, entitled "Excursions in Madeira and Porto Santo . . . to which is added A Narrative of the Continuance of the Voyage to its Completion, &c" (London, 1825).

paragraph: Bowdich's daughter, Mrs Tedlie Hutchison Hale, republished in 1873, with an introductory preface, her father's "Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

description: English traveller and author

wikidata_label: Thomas Edward Bowdich

wikipedia_title: Thomas Edward Bowdich


text: President of Honduras

text: Liberal Party of Honduras

text: La Ceiba

text: Honduras

text: Cantabria

text: Spanish Civil War

text: engineering

text: University of Monterrey

text: National Party of Honduras

text: Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero

text: exchange rate

text: Honduran lempira

text: Contra

text: Honduras

text: Iran Contra

text: construction

text: Tegucigalpa

text: Pensacola, Florida

text: José Azcona Bocock

text: Elizabeth Azcona Bocock

text: Biography by CIDOB

categories: People from La Ceiba,2005 deaths,Liberal Party of Honduras politicians,Honduran Roman Catholics,Presidents of Honduras,1927 births,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras alumni

paragraph: José Azcona del Hoyo

paragraph: José Simón Azcona del Hoyo (26 January 1927 – 24 October 2005) was President of Honduras from 27 January 1986 to 27 January 1990 for the Liberal Party of Honduras (PLH). He was born in La Ceiba in Honduras.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Azcona spent the years from 1935 to 1949 living in Cantabria, Spain with his maternal grandparents. He grew up there during the Spanish Civil War. He returned to Honduras in 1949, working in his family's trading company. He then went to study in the National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH) graduating in civil engineering, with postgraduate studies from the University of Monterrey in Mexico.

paragraph: Section::::President (1986-1990).

paragraph: As the PLH were unable to decide on a single candidate they ended up fielding four candidates, including Azcona, against the one National Party of Honduras (PNH) candidate Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero. Because the PLH candidates gained 51.5% of the vote between them, and as Azcona gained the highest of the 4, he gained the presidency with only 27.5% of the vote, even though Callejas gained 42.6% of the vote. This was the first transfer of power from one constitutional, elected president to another since 1948, and the first time it happened democratically since 1932.

paragraph: Azcona's success as a president has been contested across the political spectrum. While his followers and a large proportion of the population would favour him due to the perceived honesty and integrity of his government, another group would challenge this view, arguing that he pursued a weak economic policy (artificially maintaining a 2:1 exchange rate between the Honduran lempira and the US dollar), ran up large budget deficits and did little to develop investment opportunities in the country. Many people still remember the fuel supply problems, mostly in the last part of his government due to foreign credit issues.

paragraph: During his presidency, the Central American peace process took place, by the time he turned over the presidency to his successor on 27 January 1990 the Contra rebels in Nicaragua were demobilising. Less known is the relationship between Honduras and the US Government covert operations to exchange arms for hostages in Iran and fund rebels, later known as Iran ContraAffair.

paragraph: Section::::Post-presidency.

paragraph: After leaving power Azcona concentrated on running his construction business. At the end of the nineties he had a heart attack. On 24 October 2005 at 12.30 a.m. (local time UTC−6) just as he was going to bed in his home in Tegucigalpa Azcona died suddenly from another heart attack, age 78.

paragraph: Section::::Trivia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Azcona's last trip was to Pensacola, Florida where he met with his wife's (Miriam Bocock de Azcona) side of the family before he died.

paragraph: BULLET::::- His son José Azcona Bocock is currently an elected Congressman.

paragraph: BULLET::::- His daughter Elizabeth Azcona Bocock was Minister of Industry and Commerce for the first half of Mel Zelaya's presidency.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)

description: President of Honduras

wikidata_label: José Azcona del Hoyo

wikipedia_title: José Azcona del Hoyo


text: contemporary

text: Polish

text: sculptor

text: Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts

text: Otwock

text: Warsaw

text: Warsaw

text: Mies van der Rohe

text: Krefeld

text: Akademie der Künste

text: Berlin

text: Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts

text: Unilever

text: Tate Modern

text: London

text: sculpture

text: World War II

text: Amsterdam

text: Foksal Gallery

text: Warsaw

text: Haus Lange and Haus Esters

text: Krefeld

text: The Renaissance Society

text: Chicago

text: Van Abbemuseum

text: Eindhoven

text: Muzeum Sztuki

text: Łódź

text: Tate Gallery

text: London

text: Norwegian Museum of Contemporary Art

text: Oslo

text: IVAM

text: Valencia

text: National Museum of Art, Osaka

text: Osaka

text: Zachęta National Gallery of Art

text: Warsaw

text: Ghent

text: Kröller-Müller Museum

text: Otterlo

text: Museum of Contemporary Art

text: Zagreb

text: Dundee Contemporary Arts

text: Dundee

text: The Douglas Hyde Gallery

text: Dublin

text: Strasbourg

text: Düsseldorf

text: Irish Museum of Modern Art

text: Dublin

text: Modern Art Oxford

text: Oxford

text: Kunsthalle

text: Karlsruhe

text: Museo Reina Sofia

text: Madrid

text: Warsaw

text: Akademie der Kunste

text: Berlin

text: Tel Aviv

text: Madrid

text: Berlin

text: New York

text: Milano

text: White Cube

text: London

text: Hirshhorn Museum

text: Washington DC

text: Ljubliana

text: MOCA

text: Los Angeles

text: MOMA

text: New York

text: Porto

text: Łódź

text: SFMOMA

text: San Francisco

text: Tate Modern

text: London

text: The Art Institute

text: Chicago

text: The Israel Museum

text: Jerusalem

text: Osaka

text: Van Abbemuseum

text: Eindhoven

text: Warsaw

text: Tel Aviv Museum of Art

text: Tel Aviv

text: Official web site

text: Biography of Balka on Tate website

text: "How It Is" at Tate Modern

text: "Marges" at FRAC Centre

text: Profile

text: for Aesthetica Magazine

categories: Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw alumni,Polish contemporary artists,1958 births,20th-century Polish sculptors,Artists from Warsaw

paragraph: Mirosław Bałka

paragraph: Miroslaw Balka (born 1958), is a contemporary Polish sculptor and video artist. He graduated from the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts in 1985. He currently works in Otwock and Warsaw, Poland.

paragraph: Balka was born in Warsaw. From 1986 to 1989, Balka worked in the group Consciousnes Neue Bieriemiennost.

paragraph: He was the 1991 winner of the Mies van der Rohe Stipendium from the Kunstmuseum Krefeld and he is a member of Akademie der Künste, Berlin. Balka runs the Spatial Activities Studio at the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts.

paragraph: In 2009, Balka installed "How It Is", the 10th Unilever Series commission for the Turbine Hall at Tate Modern, London, which opened on 13 October of that year.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: The work of Mirosław Bałka is interdisciplinary but centres around sculpture and installation. The sculptor's work is influenced by family background: his grandfather was a gravestone cutter while his father engraved names on tombstones. The themes of many works revolve around historical traumatic events and memories, particularly the memory of World War II.

paragraph: Initially Bałka created figurative works; later the artist shifted towards more abstract, monumental forms. These remained related to the subject of the human body, experience and memory. The artist frequently uses steel, cement, salt, foam rubber and felt in his sculptures.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: Solo exhibitions of Balka's work include: De Appel Foundation, Amsterdam; Foksal Gallery, Warsaw; Haus Lange and Haus Esters, Krefeld; The Renaissance Society, Chicago; Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven; Muzeum Sztuki, Łódź; Tate Gallery, London; Norwegian Museum of Contemporary Art, Oslo; IVAM, Valencia; National Museum of Art, Osaka, Osaka; Zachęta National Gallery of Art, Warsaw; SMAK, Ghent; Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo; Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb; Dundee Contemporary Arts, Dundee; The Douglas Hyde Gallery, Dublin; Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Strasbourg; K21, Düsseldorf; Irish Museum of Modern Art, Dublin; Modern Art Oxford, Oxford; Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe; Museo Reina Sofia, Madrid; CCA, Warsaw; Akademie der Kunste, Berlin.

paragraph: Balka is represented by Dvir Gallery in Tel Aviv, Galería Juana de Aizpuru in Madrid, Galerie Nordenhake in Berlin, Gladstone Gallery in New York, Raffaella Cortese Gallery in Milano, White Cube in London.

paragraph: Section::::Collections.

paragraph: Balka's works are owned by museums worldwide including: Hirshhorn Museum, Washington DC; Moderna Galerija, Ljubliana; MOCA, Los Angeles; MOMA, New York; Museu Serralves, Porto; Muzeum Sztuki, Łódź; SFMOMA, San Francisco; Tate Modern, London; The Art Institute, Chicago; The Israel Museum, Jerusalem; The National Museum of Art, Osaka; Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven, Center of Contemporary Art, Warsaw and Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official web site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Balka on Tate website

paragraph: BULLET::::- "How It Is" at Tate Modern

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marges" at FRAC Centre

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at culture.pl

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miroslaw Balka's solo exhibition at White Cube Mason's Yard London, review by art critic Kostas Prapoglou for Aesthetica Magazine, May 2014

alias:
Miroslaw Balka
Miroslav Balka
Mirosław Balka

description: Polish artist

wikidata_label: Mirosław Bałka

wikipedia_title: Mirosław Bałka


text:
Angevin family
Prince of Taranto
King of Albania
Prince of Achaea
Latin Emperor
Philip I of Taranto
Catherine II of Valois
John of Gravina
Greece
Naples
Marie of Bourbon
Louis I, Duke of Bourbon
Constable of Cyprus
Philip II of Taranto
Naples

categories: Princes of Taranto,Princes of Achaea,1319 births,Latin Emperors of Constantinople,1364 deaths,County palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos,House of Anjou-Taranto,Albanian monarchs,14th-century Latin Emperors of Constantinople

paragraph: Robert, Prince of Taranto

paragraph: Robert II of Taranto (1319 or early winter 1326 – 10 September 1364), of the Angevin family, Prince of Taranto (1331–1346), King of Albania (1331–1364), Prince of Achaea (1332–1346), and titular Latin Emperor (1343/1346-1364).

paragraph: He was the oldest surviving son of Prince Philip I of Taranto (1278–1331) and Empress Catherine II of Valois.

paragraph: In 1332, as a result of an exchange with his uncle John of Gravina, Robert became Prince of Achaea. Because of his youth, authority was effectively exercised by his mother Catherine II of Valois until her death in 1346. At that point Robert inherited the throne of the Latin Empire, and was recognized as emperor by the Latin states of Greece. His actual power, such as it was, remained based upon his authority as prince of Achaea. In Naples, on 9 September 1347 he married Marie of Bourbon, the daughter of Louis I, Duke of Bourbon Constable of Cyprus, but the marriage was childless. When he died on 10 October 1364, his widow attempted to keep the principality for herself and her son from her previous marriage. However, Robert's younger brother Philip II of Taranto succeeded as the legitimate heir. He died in Naples and was buried there.

alias:
Robert II of Taranto
Robert II

description: son of Prince Philip I of Taranto and Empress Catherine II of Valois

wikidata_label: Robert, Prince of Taranto

wikipedia_title: Robert, Prince of Taranto


text:
Kristiania
Thora Elisabeth Neelsen
Olaf Mørch Hansson
Thora Neels-Hansson
Per Schwab
Stavanger scene
Chat Noir
NRK
Radioteatret

categories: Norwegian theatre directors,People from Oslo,1883 births,Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation people,1967 deaths

paragraph: Gunnar Neels-Hansson

paragraph: Gunnar Neels-Hansson (27 July 1883 – 9 June 1967) was a Norwegian theatre director. He was born in Kristiania to Thora Elisabeth Neelsen and Olaf Mørch Hansson. His daughter Thora Neels-Hansson was married to Per Schwab.

paragraph: Neels-Hansson was assigned with Stavanger scene as stage director from 1915, and later with Chat Noir. From 1927 to 1950 he was appointed theatre director at NRK's Radioteatret.

description: Norwegian actor

wikidata_label: Gunnar Neels-Hansson

wikipedia_title: Gunnar Neels-Hansson


text:
placekicker
punter
college football
Auburn University
All-American
Jacksonville Jaguars
Atlanta Falcons
National Football League
Montreal Alouettes
Edmonton Eskimos
Canadian Football League
Morgan City, Louisiana
USISL
striker
Chattanooga Express
Chattanooga Central High School
Harrison, Tennessee
high school football
Auburn University
Auburn Tigers football
Citrus Bowl
Peach Bowl
Florida Gators
Southeastern Conference
All-American
Associated Press
American Football Coaches Association
Walter Camp Foundation
Lou Groza Award
2003 NFL Draft
Jacksonville Jaguars
Atlanta Falcons
Montreal Alouettes
93rd Grey Cup
94th Grey Cup
2009 Grey Cup Championship
Saskatchewan Roughriders
2010
2010 season
free agent
Edmonton Eskimos
Edmonton Eskimos
Brad Smith
Montreal Alouettes
Larry Smith
Scout.com Draft Profile

categories: 1980 births,American soccer players,Montreal Alouettes players,Grey Cup champions,Canadian football punters,All-American college football players,Canadian football placekickers,Auburn Tigers football players,Chattanooga Express players,American players of Canadian football,People from Morgan City, Louisiana,USISL players,Living people,Edmonton Eskimos players

paragraph: Damon Duval

paragraph: Damon Duval (born April 3, 1980) is an American former professional placekicker and punter. Duval played college football for Auburn University, and was recognized as a consensus All-American. He played professionally for the Jacksonville Jaguars and Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL), and the Montreal Alouettes and Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Duval was born in Morgan City, Louisiana. At age 13, he played professional soccer in the United States Indoor Soccer League USISL as a striker for the Chattanooga Express. Not only was he the youngest player ever signed in the USISL, he also was the leading scorer in the seasons he played. Additionally, he was a striker on both the U.S. Olympic Development Team and the U.S. men's national soccer team. He attended Chattanooga Central High School in Harrison, Tennessee, and played high school football for the Chattanooga Central Purple Pounders.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Duval attended Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama, where he played for the Auburn Tigers football team from 1999 to 2002. He is considered one of the best kickers and punters in Auburn football history. During his college career, Duval amassed over 9,000 punting yards for an average of 44 yards per punt. His 60.8 percent field goal completion rate helped Auburn to a 29-19 record during his four seasons with the team, including appearances in the 2000 Citrus Bowl and 2001 Peach Bowl. Memorably, Duval kicked a 44-yard game-winning field goal in the rain against the No. 1 ranked Florida Gators with 10 seconds left in the game in 2001. It was one of three game-winning field goals he made for the Tigers in 2001.

paragraph: Duval graduated from Auburn as a fifth-year senior with degrees in health promotion and business. During his career, he was selected as a first-team All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) selection as both a kicker and a punter, becoming the first player to ever be named to an All-SEC first team at two different positions. Duval was also recognized as a consensus first-team All-American, having been named to the first teams of the Associated Press, American Football Coaches Association and Walter Camp Foundation as a kicker. He was also a finalist for the Lou Groza Award.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Despite being one of the top kickers available in the 2003 NFL Draft, Duval was not drafted into the National Football League, but did sign as an undrafted free agent with the NFL's Jacksonville Jaguars. He was waived by Jacksonville on June 19, 2003 and later signed with the Atlanta Falcons. He was waived by Atlanta on August 29, 2004, and subsequently left the NFL to sign with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League. Duval made an immediate impact in the CFL, leading the league in scoring his rookie season (2005) with 191 points and proved to be very reliable kicking field goals. His 2005 CFL highlight came in the 93rd Grey Cup when he made a 27-yard field goal with no time left to force overtime. Continuing his 2005 success, Duval led the league in field goal percentage with 86.4% in 2006 which led to his making the 2006 All Star team. He also finished second in kicking points (201), punting average (45.4 yards) and kickoff average (61.1 yards). Duval's strong play helped Montreal reach the 94th Grey Cup by kicking a game sealing field goal in the Division finals. Unfortunately, his team fell short again despite Duval's 43 yard field goal in the second quarter. On November 7, 2009, he set the record for points in the CFL regular season with 242, again with the Montreal Alouettes.

paragraph: In the 2009 Grey Cup Championship November 29, Duval's field goal from 33 yards out on the game's final play gave the Alouettes a 28-27 win over the Saskatchewan Roughriders, capping a remarkable Montreal comeback. Duval had actually missed a 43-yard field goal attempt on what should have been the last play of the game, but the Roughriders were penalized for having too many men on the field. Duval helped the Alouettes win back-to-back Grey Cups with the team's second straight win in 2010.

paragraph: After the 2010 season, Duval became a free agent and he signed with the Edmonton Eskimos on June 6, 2011. After spending one season with the Eskimos, he was released on February 1, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Duval was married to Ashley MacLean Duval (2006 - 2013), the sister of former Edmonton Eskimos' receiver Brad Smith and the daughter of former CFL Commissioner and Montreal Alouettes president Larry Smith and Miss Montreal 1968, Leesa MacLean. Damon and Ashley share their two sons, Drew James and Hunter William.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scout.com Draft Profile

description: American football player, placekicker, punter

wikidata_label: Damon Duval

wikipedia_title: Damon Duval


text: Alexandria

text: ascetic

text: Pelusium

text: Desert Fathers

text: Cyril of Alexandria

text: Theodosius II

text: Patrologia Graeca

text: Sources Chrétiennes

text: A few letters in English translation

categories: 5th-century Byzantine people,Greek letter writers,Saints from Roman Egypt,Year of birth unknown,Egyptian Christian monks,5th-century Christian saints,450 deaths

paragraph: Isidore of Pelusium

paragraph: Isidore of Pelusium (, d. c.450) was born in Egypt to a prominent Alexandrian family. He became an ascetic, and moved to a mountain near the city of Pelusium, in the tradition of the Desert Fathers.

paragraph: Isidore is known to us for his letters, written to Cyril of Alexandria, Theodosius II, and a host of others. A collection of 2,000 letters was made in antiquity at the "Sleepless" monastery in Constantinople, and this has come down to us through a number of manuscripts, with each letter numbered and in order. The letters are mostly very short extracts, a sentence or two in length. Further unpublished letters exist in Syriac translation.

paragraph: Some of the letters are of considerable interest for the exegesis of the Greek bible. He is revered as a saint, whose feast day is February 4.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Isidore of Pelusium lived during the fourth-fifth centuries. He was a native of Alexandria, and a relative of Theophilus, Archbishop of Alexandria.

paragraph: He was the only child of parents, who saw to his education. They taught him the books of the church, and the Greek language in which he excelled and surpassed many. He was also ascetic and humble. When he learned that the people of Alexandria and the bishops wanted to make him the Patriarch of Alexandria, he took flight by night to Pelusium and became a monk in a monastery there. He soon became known for his exactitude in the observance of the rule and for his austerities. A passage in his voluminous correspondence affords reason to believe that he held the office of abbot.

paragraph: Following the example of St John Chrysostom, whom he had managed to see and hear during a trip to Constantinople, St Isidore devoted himself primarily to Christian preaching. Yet he writes in one letter, "It is more important to be proficient in good works than in golden-tongued preaching".

paragraph: His friendship with St John Chrysostom resulted in his support of St John when he was persecuted by the empress Eudoxia and Archbishop Theophilus.

paragraph: Through the initiative of St Isidore the Third Ecumenical Council was convened at Ephesus (431), at which the false teaching of Nestorius concerning the person of Jesus Christ was condemned.

paragraph: St. Isidore of Pelusium died about the year 450. His feast day is February 4.

paragraph: Section::::Letters.

paragraph: The only extant works of St. Isidore are a considerable correspondence, comprising more than 2000 letters. The historian Nicephorus states that St Isidore wrote more than 10,000 letters to various people, in which he reprimanded one, advised another, consoled a third, instructed a fourth.

paragraph: These letters of St. Isidore may be divided into three classes according to the subjects treated: those dealing with dogma and Scripture, with ecclesiastical and monastic discipline, and with practical morality for the guidance of laymen of all classes and conditions. His letter to Tuba shows that it was considered unbecoming for a soldier to carry a sword in the city in time of peace and to appear in public with arms and military uniform.

paragraph: His advice with regard to those who were embracing the monastic state was that they should not at first be made to feel all the austerities of the rule lest they should be repelled, nor should they be left idle and exempt from ordinary tasks lest they should acquire habits of laziness, but they should led step by step to what is most perfect. Great abstinences serve no purpose unless they are accompanied by the mortification of the senses. A monk's habit should if possible be of skins, and his food consist of herbs, unless bodily weakness require something more.

paragraph: Prior to Nestorian controversy St Isidore of Pelusium, a mentor to St Cyril of Alexandria and other bishops, warned Cyril already then in a letter that he needed to "Stop these contentious arguments. Refrain from involving the living Church in your own private vengeance that is prosecuted out of a sense of duty to the dead." Isidore wrote this letter because of Cyril's refusal to restore John Chrysostom's name to the diptychs of the Church in Alexandria after it had been removed following John's deposition at the Synod of Oak in 403, which he later agreed to restore.

paragraph: The letters can be found in volume 78 of the "Patrologia Graeca", a collection of the Greek writings of Christian writers and theologians featuring the original Greek text facing and a Latin translation. Pierre Evieux edited the second half of the collection, where the disarrangement was most serious, in 1997 and 2000, in the "Sources Chrétiennes" series. He also produced a table of cross-reference between the original numbering and that in the "Patrologia Graeca." The other letters have never received any critical edition or been translated into any modern language.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coptic Encyclopedia entry for Isidorus of Pelusium

paragraph: BULLET::::- A few letters in English translation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isidore of Pelusium and the holy scriptures (in Greek) by EIRINI ARTEMI

description: monk (0301-0449)

wikidata_label: Isidore of Pelusium

wikipedia_title: Isidore of Pelusium


href: Theravadan Bhikkhu Ava%20Kingdom pyo Dharma Taungdwingyi Samanera Ava%20Kingdom Sagaing

text:
Theravadan
Buddhist monk
Ava Kingdom
pyo
Dharma
Taungdwingyi
novice monk
Ava
Sagaing

wikipedia_title:
Theravada
Bhikkhu
Kingdom of Ava
Pyo
Dharma
Taungdwingyi
Samanera
Kingdom of Ava
Sagaing

categories: Buddhist writers,Buddhist philosophers,Burmese Buddhist monks,Theravada Buddhism writers,Burmese Theravada Buddhists,1518 deaths,1453 births,Theravada Buddhist monks

paragraph: Shin Maha Silavamsa

paragraph: Shin Mahā Sīlavaṃsa () is a Theravadan Buddhist monk who lived Ava Kingdom (1364–1555) of Myanmar. He is famous for his "pyo" poetry and he is one of the greatest poets of ancient Burma. Paramitawkhan Pyo and Sautaungkhan Pyo are his masterpieces. Those are religious poetry and so deep to understand for ordinary people who don't have proper Buddhism knowledge. In ancient Myanmar, poet wrote poetry base on three subjects, about the world(the living environment), about the Kings and about the Dharma(Religions) . Shin Maha Silavamsa focused on religious poetry.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Birth name of Shin Maha Silavamsa is Maung Nyo. He was born in Myolulin village to the North of Taungdwingyi on a Friday of 1453. His parents are U Kyi and Daw Dway. He studied literature and Buddhism texts from Natmeelin Sayardaw(Shin Silasara Bidaja) of Yadanar Beikman Monastery. He was so bright that he can write poetry on the spot at the age of 7. It is not known when he became a novice monk. When he was 20, he became a monk and stay with his master, Shin Silasara Bidaja. He wrote his masterpiece, Paramitawkhan Pyo when he was 38. After that, he become famous for his creation. At the age of 40, he move to Ava. The King of Ava offer him Yadanar Beikman Golden Monastery at Sagaing. He is 8th master of this Monastery.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Paramitawkhan Pyo is one of the greatest poetry of Burmese literature. He created Sutaungkhan Pyo when he was living in Sagaing. Taungdwingyi. When King of Ava was going to hold the opening ceremony of Tada-U Mingalar Pagoda, he created Tada-U Mingalar Pagoda Epic for the King. Moreover, he also created several literature, essay and novels regarding with Buddhism. Some are Dhama Pala Pyo, Parayana, Maha Raha Niti, Taungdwinlar Pyo and Meikhtila Lake Epic, etc.

description: Burmese Buddhist monk

wikidata_label: Shin Maha Silavamsa

wikipedia_title: Shin Maha Silavamsa


text:
French
rower
1900 Summer Olympics
Turin
Profile at Sports Reference.com

categories: Olympic rowers of France,Olympic medalists in rowing,1959 deaths,1875 births,French male rowers,Olympic silver medalists for France,Medalists at the 1900 Summer Olympics,Rowers at the 1900 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Daniel Soubeyran

paragraph: Ovide Daniel Louis Henri Soubeyran (11 August 1875 – 8 February 1959) was a French rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics. He died in Turin on the 8th of February, 1959.

paragraph: He was part of the French boat "Club Nautique de Lyon", which won the silver medal in the coxed four.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Sports Reference.com

description: French rower

wikidata_label: Daniel Soubeyran

wikipedia_title: Daniel Soubeyran


text:
Kurdish
Marivan
Mahmud Barzanji
Taher Begi Jaf
Qani
Kurdish
Persian
ghazal
Nalî
Mahwi
Hafez

categories: 1874 births,Kurdish literature,1944 deaths,Kurdish poets

paragraph: Nari Mela Kake Heme

paragraph: Nari (Kurdish: Narî) (1874-1944) is the pen name for Narî Mele Kekê Hemê, a Kurdish poet. He was born and died in Marivan. He had a close relationship to Mahmud Barzanji, Taher Begi Jaf and Qani.

paragraph: Section::::Nari's poetry.

paragraph: Nari wrote lyric and mystic poems in Kurdish and Persian. The bulk of his poems are in the form of ghazal. He was mostly influenced by Nalî and Mahwi among Kurdish poets and by Hafez among Persian poets.

description: poet

wikidata_label: Nari Mela Kake Heme

wikipedia_title: Nari Mela Kake Heme


text:
French
rower
1900 Summer Olympics
Club Nautique de Lyon

categories: Olympic rowers of France,Olympic medalists in rowing,1874 births,French male rowers,Olympic silver medalists for France,1934 deaths,Medalists at the 1900 Summer Olympics,Rowers at the 1900 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Georges Lumpp

paragraph: Georges Joseph Lumpp (18 September 1874 – 1934) was a French rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics.

description: French rower

wikidata_label: Georges Lumpp

wikipedia_title: Georges Lumpp


categories: Olympic rowers of France,Olympic medalists in rowing,French male rowers,1875 births,Olympic silver medalists for France,1954 deaths,Medalists at the 1900 Summer Olympics,Rowers at the 1900 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Charles Perrin

paragraph: Charles Jean Baptiste Perrin (6 July 1875 – 26 March 1954) was a French rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics.

description: French rower

wikidata_label: Charles Perrin

wikipedia_title: Charles Perrin


href: Chichimec Tlatoani Aztec Xolotl Nahua%20peoples nomad Mexico southwestern%20United%20States Tenayuca Nopaltzin Cuetlaxochitzin Azcapotzalco Acolnahuacatl Tezozomoc%20%28Azcapotzalco%29

text:
Chichimec
Tlatoani
Aztec
Xolotl
Nahua peoples
nomad
Mexico
southwestern United States
Tenayuca
Nopaltzin
Cuetlaxochitzin
Azcapotzalco
Acolnahuacatl
Tezozomoc

paragraph: King Xolotl

paragraph: Xolotl (or Xólotl; ) was a 13th-century Chichimec leader, a "Tlatoani". He was named after Aztec god Xolotl.

paragraph: Chichimeca is the name that the Nahua peoples of Mexico generically applied to a wide range of semi-nomadic peoples who inhabited the north of Mexico and southwestern United States.

paragraph: By some historiographic traditions, Xolotl founded Tenayuca ca. 1224. Xolotl was succeeded by his son Nopaltzin who consolidated the Chichimec Kingdom. His daughter was Cuetlaxochitzin of Azcapotzalco, wife of the ruler Acolnahuacatl and mother of the famous Tezozomoc.

paragraph: Upon the death of the king, the nobles from every part of the country assembled, to render to the body, due funeral honours. The corpse was adorned with various small figures of gold and silver, and placed in a chair made of gum copal and other aromatic substances, where it remained for five days. After which it was burned, according to the custom of the Chichimec's, and the ashes gathered in an urn of the hardest stone; which were exposed for forty days in a hall of the royal mansion, where the nobility daily thronged to honour the memory of their sovereign. It was afterwards carried to a cave in the neighbourhood of the city, with loud demonstrations of grief.

description: Tlatoani

wikidata_label: King Xolotl

wikipedia_title: King Xolotl


text: Raúl Alfonsín

categories: Defense ministers of Argentina,Burials at La Recoleta Cemetery,Radical Civic Union politicians,1919 births,1986 deaths

paragraph: Roque Carranza

paragraph: Roque Carranza (b. 1919 - d. 1986) was an Argentine politician, who served as minister of defense during the presidency of Raúl Alfonsín.

description: Argentinian politician

wikidata_label: Roque Carranza

wikipedia_title: Roque Carranza


text:
We Fell to Earth
Earthlings?
Queens of the Stone Age
debut album
Rated R
Mark Lanegan
Field Songs
Bubblegum
Richard File
UNKLE
We Fell to Earth
We Fell to Earth
Gossip Girl
The Prisoner
Numb3rs
The Killing
Finger Eleven
Paralyzer
Feel Good Hit of the Summer
Mark Lanegan
Field Songs
Bubblegum
Eagles of Death Metal
Death by Sexy
The Duke Spirit
Yawning Sons
Ceremony to the Sunset
UNKLE
Maya Jane Coles
Discography

categories: American experimental musicians,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Wendy Rae Fowler

paragraph: Wendy Rae Fowler is an American singer-songwriter and half of the experimental English rock band We Fell to Earth.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In fall of 1998 Fowler joined Joshua Tree, California's Earthlings? as second bassist. Immediately following, Earthlings? supported Queens of the Stone Age on a small tour of the west coast of America as well as a European tour supporting QOTSA's self titled debut album.

paragraph: Fowler, under the QOTSA-appointed pseudonym 'Wendy Ray Moan', contributed backing vocals on two songs on QOTSA's second release Rated R. She has also appeared in four of the bands' videos between 2000 and 2007.

paragraph: Work with Earthlings? and QOTSA led to meeting singer/songwriter Mark Lanegan in 1998 which resulted in collaborations on Lanegan's "Field Songs" and "Bubblegum", as well as their marriage and eventual divorce.

paragraph: In 2005, Fowler met Richard File (UNKLE, We Fell to Earth) at a social gathering in LA while UNKLE were in town recording their 4th album War Stories. The pair decided to schedule a writing session after an initial conversation revealed they had very similar influences. That first session would mark the birth of We Fell to Earth.

paragraph: Alongside their debut 2009 self titled release, tracks by the group have been featured in US dramas:

paragraph: "The Double" in Gossip Girl and and The Prisoner

paragraph: "Lights Out" In Numb3rs

paragraph: "Careful What You Wish For" in .

paragraph: In winter of 2010 the group composed the theme song to AMC'S 'The Killing' from writer, executive producer, and series showrunner, Veena Sud. The show is based on the Danish television series Forbrydelsen and tells the story of the murder of a young girl in Seattle and the subsequent police investigation. The show debuted with a 2 hour premiere on Sunday, April 3, 2011.

paragraph: Fowler has made various appearances on American film and TV From 1996–2007. One notable appearance was as the lead female dancer in Finger Eleven's video for Paralyzer.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums.

paragraph: We Fell to Earth (2009)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles and EPs.

paragraph: "We Fell to Earth EP" (2009)

paragraph: "Lights Out"

paragraph: "The Double"

paragraph: "Deaf"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Cameos.

paragraph: Queens of the Stone Age – Rated R (2000) "Feel Good Hit of the Summer" and "Quick and to the Pointless"

paragraph: Mark Lanegan – Field Songs (2001) "No Easy Action"

paragraph: Mark Lanegan Band – Bubblegum (2004) *"When Your Number Isn't Up", "Wedding Dress", "Methamphetamine Blues", "Bombed", "Strange Religion",

paragraph: Eagles of Death Metal – Death by Sexy (2006) "I Like to Move in the Night", "The Ballad of Queen Bee and Baby Duck", and "Poor Doggie"

paragraph: The Duke Spirit – Neptune (2008) **"The Step and the Walk/Rich File Remix"

paragraph: Yawning Sons – Ceremony to the Sunset (2009) "Ghostship – Dead Water"

paragraph: UNKLE – Where Did the Night Fall/Another Night Out (2011) "Money and Run" (feat. Nick Cave)

paragraph: Maya Jane Coles - Take Flight (2017) "A Chemical Affair" and "Misty Morning"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Discography

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.artistdirect.com/artist/wendy-rae-fowler/3617447

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Wendy Rae Fowler

wikipedia_title: Wendy Rae Fowler


text:
United States of America
Laird Super Solution
Arup Manufacturing Corporation
tailless aircraft
Arup S-1
S-2
St. Petersburg, Florida
Chicago, Illinois
Arup S-3
Arup S-4
fuselage
leading edge
taildragger
retractable landing gear
spruce
aircraft fabric covering

paragraph: Raoul Hoffman

paragraph: Raoul J. Hoffman was a Hungarian engineer who moved to the United States of America and is notable for the aircraft he designed or helped to design.

paragraph: Section::::Aircraft design.

paragraph: Hoffman helped develop the Laird Super Solution racer, and Owl Trimototor. Later he worked for C.L. Snyder's company Arup Manufacturing Corporation, developing a series of tailless aircraft known as the Arup S-1, and S-2. When diagnosed with tuberculosis, Hoffman moved to St. Petersburg, Florida and developed his own version for a customer in Chicago, Illinois. After poor performance, and arson destroying the Arup S-3 follow-on, Hoffman returned to Arup to develop the Arup S-4.

paragraph: Section::::Hoffman's aircraft.

paragraph: The aircraft which Hoffman designed during his absence from Arup was of similar tailless semi-circular "heel wing" configuration to the Arup designs. It is sometimes mistakenly described as a flying wing, but in fact it has a pronounced fuselage nacelle protruding above and forward of the wing.

paragraph: Section::::Hoffman's aircraft.:Design and development.

paragraph: The chord of Hoffman's own design spanned from the rear of the cowling along the entire fuselage of the aircraft. The thickness of the wing was up to at the root. From the top the wing appeared semi-circular with a slightly swept leading edge. The aircraft used a conventional taildragger configuration with retractable landing gear. The center section and controls were welded steel tubing, and the rest was spruce wood with aircraft fabric covering.

paragraph: Section::::Hoffman's aircraft.:Operational history.

paragraph: The test aircraft used fixed landing gear for trials. Test flights were successful, with the aircraft winning an impromptu race against a conventional aircraft. Visibility was noted as poor compared to conventional aircraft. During later 1936 testing, the prototype caught fire and crashed, killing its test pilot.

wikidata_label: Hoffman Flying Wing

wikipedia_title: Raoul Hoffman


text:
Protestant Reformation
Poor Clares
Geneva
Chablais
Geneva
Poor Clares
chastity, poverty, obedience
Poor Clares
Yolande of Valois
House of Savoy
Charles III of Savoy
Beatrice of Portugal
Prince of Piedmont
Emanuele Filiberto
Gruyère
Annecy
Annecy
Poor Clares
Library of Geneva
Chambéry
Marie Dentière
Protestant Reformation
Geneva
Lutherans
Mammelukes
Huguenots
Grand Turk
Vufflens-le-Château
Allaman Castle
Perroy
Nyon Castle
Rolle Castle
Château Gaillard
Castle of Villette
Saint-Genix
Annemasse
Confignon
Peney
Shroud of Turin
Martin Luther
Ninety-five Theses
Pope Leo X
Battle of Kappel
Halley's comet
Esztergom
Geneva
Protestant Revolution
Geneva
Pierre de la Baume
Guillaume Farel
Bishop of Belley
Geneva
Pierre Robert Olivétan
Antoine Froment
Guillaume Farel
Pierre Viret
Antoine Froment
disputation
Marie Dentière
syndics
Saint-Julien
Annecy
Annecy
Marie Dentière
Tilley, Arthur Augustus

categories: Roman Catholic abbesses,1561 deaths,1503 births,Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns

paragraph: Jeanne de Jussie

paragraph: Jeanne de Jussie (1503 – 7 November 1561) was a Roman Catholic nun and writer born near Geneva. She documented the role of the Protestant Reformation in the Poor Clares convent in Geneva.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born to Louis and Jeanne de Jussie in Jussy-l'évèque – in the former province of Chablais – Jeanne was the youngest of six children who survived infancy. She was apparently schooled in Geneva. Her father Louis died before 1519, leaving an estate; Jeanne's uncle, Amédée, named his own son (Georges) heir to the family castle in Jussy-l'Évêque, causing protest from Louis' wife and children. After a costly legal battle, the family was forced out of the castle and Jeanne's brothers sold off the remaining property. Jeanne would leave for the convent in 1521 at the age of 18. Her mother would pass away in 1535.

paragraph: Section::::Convent life.

paragraph: The Poor Clares swore to “chastity, poverty, obedience, and enclosure.” Although dowries were not required, families often provided a monetary contribution. Poor Clares kept short hair cuts and went barefoot, wearing wool garments, a coat, a linen hood and headband, and a simple rope belt with four knots to represent the four vows. They were excused from fasting only on Christmas and during illness. Otherwise, the nuns occupied themselves with housekeeping and chores. Because of her education, Jeanne was appointed the convent's secretary by 1530. She would be responsible for writing letters as the convent's "écrivaine" to plead protection from the Duke of Savoy, the bishop, and other officials.

paragraph: The Convent of Saint Clare in Geneva (or “Monastère Jésus de Bethléem”), established by Yolande of Valois in 1473, was situated where the Palais de Justice now stands. Because of Yolande's marriage to the Duke of Savoy the convent would maintain a close connection to the House of Savoy. In fact, Jeanne opens her work with mentions of Charles III of Savoy (Duke of Savoy) and Beatrice of Portugal (Duchess of Savoy), as well as their children “Louis, Monseigneur the Prince of Piedmont,” Philibert Emmanuel (Emanuele Filiberto), “Lady Catherine Charlotte,” and Philippe. François, Count of Gruyère, donated land for the convent, which would begin construction in 1474 after purchasing additional land from André Baudichon and Claude Granger.

paragraph: The abbess at the time of Jeanne's writing was Louise Rambo, assisted by vicaress Pernette de Montluel, who would succeed Rambo after her death in 1538. Jeanne was elected abbess in 1548 after their move to the Monastery of the Holy Cross in Annecy in 1535 and passed the position to Claude de Pierrefleur after her death in 1561. Twenty-four nuns lived in the convent at the time Jeanne wrote "The Short Chronicle", likely with eight discreets- as prescribed by the order of Saint Clare- portresses, a bursar, cooks, a nurse, lay sisters, tertiary sisters, and possibly a laundress, a sacristan, and a gardener.

paragraph: Because of the constant pillaging by Reformers, at times only the church of the convent remained open in the city- eventually forced to close- and priests and monks no longer wore their habits. Eventually, the situation came to a point where clerics carried weapons to defend themselves when in public.

paragraph: After moving to the Monastery of the Holy Cross in Annecy in 1535, the convent was officially dissolved on July 8, 1793. The building was turned into a hospital, then the Palais de Justice. The monastery where they found refuge was turned into a cotton mill with a plaque commemorating the Poor Clares.

paragraph: Section::::"The Short Chronicle 1535".

paragraph: The work might have been written between 1535 and 1547. According to Helmut Feld, Jeanne began writing around 1535 as a record for future nuns. Both extant copies of the manuscript are available at the Library of Geneva. It was first published in 1611 by the Catholic press of the Frères Du Four in Chambéry as "Le levain du Calvinisme, ou commencement de l'heresie de Geneve" (The Leaven of Calvinism, or Beginning of the Heresy of Geneva), despite the fact that Jeanne never mentions Calvin directly in the text. In the 19th century translations appeared in Italian and German, as well as critical editions in French. Finally, in 1996 a complete version of the text was published by Helmut Feld as "Petite chronique", the basis for an English translation by Carrie F. Klaus. Henri Roth wrote a master's thesis on the chronicle, as well as an article in the "Revue du Vieux Genève".

paragraph: Scholars today often study the text from a feminist view. Jeanne argued that “women were truer Catholics than men,” fighting for their chastity against heretics such as Marie Dentière, who would attempt to persuade the nuns to marry. The perspective provided in the chronicle provided evidence that “women played a more active role” in the Reformation than previously assumed. Jeanne not only describes events such as battles from the point of view of women and wives but recounts the instances in which they were “severely beaten, tricked, and tortured” for their beliefs, especially by their husbands. She went so far as to insist that women surpassed men in making deliberate decisions to preserve their religion. However, no other female authors would come to fame after the Genevan reformed church established women as subordinate.

paragraph: Jeanne's account also presents the importance of “privacy and sexual segregation” in the convent, dramatizing the struggle as an assault on the nuns' right to their own space. Several groups attempted to break into the convent, prevented largely by its architecture. More generally, the text also offers a Catholic perspective on the Protestant Reformation in Geneva, normally linked to Jean Calvin's advances starting in 1536. Some sources praise the chronicle for its literary merit.

paragraph: Section::::"The Short Chronicle 1535".:Historical references.

paragraph: Jeanne's writing, alternating between first- and second-person perspective, encapsulates Catholic sentiments of the time and provides an account of events between 1526–1535 as a witness and active defendant against the Reformation. She employs derogatory terms for Protestants, indiscriminately calling them Lutherans, Mammelukes, and Huguenots with only Catholics as true Christians. Like others at the time, Jeanne compares her enemies to Jews and Turks. She provides a short description of the Grand Turk as “a glutton and a disloyal, insatiable dog” for having an unlimited number of wives as representative of the Turkish culture and defends disrespectful acts of Catholics towards others such as pouring urine on a heretic's grave. Throughout the work she describes the work of Protestants to destroy or pillage Catholic property, especially monasteries and churches, among them Vufflens-le-Château, Allaman Castle, Castle of Perroy, Nyon Castle, Rolle Castle, Castle of Saconnex, Château Gaillard, Castle of Villette, the castles of Madame of Saint-Genix and Madame of Rossylon, the church of Annemasse, Castle of Confignon, and Castle of Peney. Jeanne mentions the Shroud of Turin, then owned by the Duke of Savoy. She also uses saints' holidays to reference calendar dates, typical of Catholic nuns.

paragraph: Jeanne also describes general events. The plague was mentioned in 1530, spread by heretics who “plotted to kill all the leaders” by “[rubbing] it on the locks of doors and... in fruits and in handkerchiefs.” She mentions Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses in 1518 and his subsequent excommunication by Pope Leo X. The Battle of Kappel took place in 1531. Halley's comet was seen the same year; another comet was again visible from August to November in 1532. The Grand Turk's army would be defeated in Esztergom, followed by a letter sent from him to the Pope.

paragraph: Jeanne by no means strives for what we would today describe as historical accuracy. Along with an apparent bias, she often credits her knowledge to gossip. However, her chronicle holds importance in its singularity against the works of countless Reformers in Geneva.

paragraph: Section::::"The Short Chronicle 1535".:Summary.

paragraph: "The Short Chronicle"'s narrative involves many historical figures and dates important to the Protestant Revolution in Geneva and the surrounding areas. Jeanne names Pierre de la Baume as the bishop of Geneva in 1526, whom she calls the Monseigneur of Geneva throughout the chronicle. Jeanne claims Guillaume Farel gave a sermon in German, although more likely she mistook him for Gaspard Grossman. The Bishop of Belley was requested to help the city prevent future pillaging to no avail. Finally, Farel arrived in Geneva with two associates (Pierre Robert Olivétan and Antoine Saunier), all tried by the Abbott of Bonmont and thrown out of the city. They would be followed by Antoine Froment. On March 28, 1533, a battle between Catholics and Protestants took place, described largely from the view of women and wives and finally resolved with the exchange of hostages and, later, peaceful laws. That December, both sides would prepare for civil war, witnessed personally by Jeanne. However, the government officials pacified them.

paragraph: From that point on, however, the situation for Catholics became increasingly dangerous. Jeanne reports constant cases of destruction to Catholic property, especially as iconoclastic actions, as well as executions. Four heretical preachers (Guillaume Farel, Pierre Viret, Antoine Froment, and Alexandre Canus) entered the city to preach and another battle almost occurred that December. Farel began to baptize and marry Protestants in 1534. A woman named Hemme Faulson visited the convent to see her aunt (Claudine Lignotte) and her sister (Blaisine Varembert) but was turned away after attempting to convert them. Defacement of Catholic icons reached a peak that summer and the bishop excommunicated the Genevans. In September, a captain from Bern breached the convent walls on orders to inspect the building, and from then on it would be targeted for abuse. After Farel and Viret establish themselves in a nearby monastery, they often harass the convent and distribute heretical articles to advertise a disputation, which was promptly forbidden by the bishop. Heretics came to the convent to inform the nuns that they were required to attend, but they remained vigilant. Later the father confessor recounted what he witnessed at the disputation: Reformer Jaques Bernard continuously lost his arguments against the Dominican friar Jean Chapuis, so Chapuis was excluded from the remaining days. Farel and Viret then attempt to preach at the convent, forcefully separating the nuns. After Hemme Faulson returns she initiates a long, successful affair to retrieve her sister Blaisine from the convent as well as much of its possessions under the claim that they belonged to Blaisine. In addition to Hemme Faulson and her sister, Marie Dentière, Claude Bernard, Claudine Levet, and city syndics approached the nuns, finally culminating in the nuns' decision to leave. After stopping in Saint-Julien and the Castle of La Perrière, where they resumed the cloistered life, the nuns finally arrived in Annecy, where they established themselves in the Monastery of the Holy Cross. Jeanne devotes the last pages of her chronicle to the family of Savoy, who provide shelter on the way to and within Annecy.

paragraph: Jeanne dedicates a section of the account to the “staunchness” of Catholic women. These women refused to join their Protestant husbands and were punished. Jeanne especially praises young women and daughters for defying their fathers. She recounts those who sneaked out of prison, chased after men who took away and tortured Catholics, and one who stole her baby from a Lutheran baptism.

paragraph: Section::::"The Short Chronicle 1535".:Women.:Celibacy.

paragraph: Throughout "The Short Chronicle" Jeanne goes so far as to forsake marriage as heresy. She admits that she has witnessed the corruption of priests but assures the reader that those deeds would not go unpunished. At some points, she refuses to describe marriages performed by Reformers such as Farel to shield herself from its perversion. Eventually, Reformers would breach the convent and preach their ideas of marriage, attempting to force the nuns to take a spouse. At other points, she simply records those events by insulting the married couple and Reformers as “[having] a very bad reputation,” “bastard,” “wicked,” and “miserable.” Except in the case of Blaisine Varembert, the Reformers lost interest after the nuns refused to cooperate; they were given a safe departure from the city.

paragraph: Section::::"The Short Chronicle 1535".:Women.:Marie Dentière.

paragraph: Jeanne most famously defends herself against Marie Dentière, a former nun. They disagreed most particularly about chastity and virtue and the right of women to preach. Jeanne calls her a “false, wrinkled abbess with a devilish tongue” who “meddled in preaching and perverting pious people.” Jean Calvin himself ridiculed Dentière's ideas.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robin, Diana Maury, Larsen, Anne R. and Levin, Carole. "Encyclopedia of women in the Renaissance: Italy, France, and England". ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Douglass, Jane Dempsey. "Women, Freedom, and Calvin". Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1985.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gribble, Francis. "Lake Geneva and its Literary Landmarks". New York: Archibald Constable & Co. Ltd., 1901. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeanne de Jussie. "The Short Chronicle: A Poor Clare's Account of the Reformation of Geneva". Translated by Carrie F. Klaus. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Klaus, Carrie F. Volume Editor's Introduction. "The Short Chronicle." Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Klaus, Carrie F. "Architecture and Sexual Identity: Jeanne de Jussie's Narrative of the Reformation of Geneva". "Feminist Studies" 29, no. 2 (2003). Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robin, Diana Maury, Larsen, Anne R., and Levin, Carole. "Encyclopedia of women in the Renaissance: Italy, France, and England". ABC-CLIO, Inc.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stjerna, Kirsi. "Women and the Reformation". Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishing, 2009.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tilley, Arthur Augustus. "The Literature of the French Renaissance". London: Cambridge University Press, 1904. Print.

description: Genevan abbess

wikidata_label: Jeanne de Jussie

wikipedia_title: Jeanne de Jussie


text:
football
Pakhtakor Tashkent FK
Uzbekistan
FC Groningen
FC Volendam
BV Veendam
Dutch Premier League
FC Twente
Kees Rijvers
Dutch national team
1990 World Cup
Scottish Premier Division
Rangers
League Cup
Scottish Cup
Sanfrecce Hiroshima
J1 League
Jong Groningen
Groningen
Vitesse Arnhem
AFC Ajax
Rob Witschge
Jong Ajax
FC Groningen
Ron Jans
2012–13 Eerste Divisie
De Graafschap
PSSI
AS Trenčín
Pakhtakor Tashkent FK
Uzbekistan

categories: Sanfrecce Hiroshima players,1967 births,Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Scotland,RBC Roosendaal players,FC Groningen managers,Rangers F.C. players,Dutch football managers,Expatriate footballers in Japan,Dutch expatriate footballers,Expatriate footballers in Belgium,Dutch expatriate football managers,Expatriate footballers in Scotland,Dutch footballers,Eredivisie players,Scottish Football League players,Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Japan,FC Twente players,AFC Ajax non-playing staff,Netherlands international footballers,Living people,Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Belgium,SC Veendam players,Jong Ajax managers,FC Groningen players,J1 League players,Lierse S.K. players,Belgian First Division A players,People from Wymbritseradiel

paragraph: Pieter Huistra

paragraph: Pieter Egge Huistra (, born 18 January 1967) is a Dutch football coach and former winger, who currently serves as assistant manager at Pakhtakor Tashkent FK in Uzbekistan. Huistra played for the Scottish Premier Division club Rangers from 1990–1995. He left there to play for Sanfrecce Hiroshima in the J. League. In 2001, he began coaching as the head coach for Jong Groningen. He was with them for four years before being named assistant coach of Aad de Mos at Vitesse. He then became an assistant coach with AFC Ajax and was named as their head coach on April 24, 2009. He was then the head coach of FC Groningen for the 2010–11 season. On May 30, 2012 he then became the head coach of the Eerste Divisie club De Graafschap. Finally, on December 3, 2014 he was appointed as the Technical Director of the Indonesia national football team.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Huistra started his football career as an amateur with SC Joure and Drachtster Boys, where his qualities quickly stood out. He made his debut in professional football for FC Groningen at the age of 17 on September 5, 1984, when he replaced Anne Mulder after sixty minutes in a 1-3 defeat against FC Volendam.

paragraph: After two seasons, he was loaned out to BV Veendam, who then entered the Dutch Premier League. He was then brought to FC Twente by coach Kees Rijvers. The left winger became a permanent fixture in the team and reached the Dutch national team. However, injury cost him his place in the squad for the 1990 World Cup. He played a total of eight international matches.

paragraph: Section::::Rangers.

paragraph: Between 1990 and 1995 Huistra played for Scottish Premier Division club Rangers, becoming the first of a number of Dutch players to play for the club, where he won five League medals, two League Cup medals and a Scottish Cup medal. His farewell match for Rangers came on January 14, 1995 against Falkirk at Brockville Park, he scored 2 goals in a 3-2 victory. He left Rangers to play for Sanfrecce Hiroshima in the J1 League.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: Huistra began his coaching career in 2000 as assistant coach of the Dutch nat.team-17. In 2001 he moved to Hong Kong to become assistant coach for the Hong Kong team for one year. After that he went back to FC Groningen to work in the youth academy and lead the -19 team. Jong Groningen He was there for four years. On 1 July 2005 he left Groningen and was named as the new assistant coach at Vitesse Arnhem.

paragraph: After Vitesse he became an assistant coach at AFC Ajax as replacement of the injured Rob Witschge and was named as the new Jong Ajax Head Coach on 24 April 2009. In January 2010, after FC Groningen coach Ron Jans announced his intention to leave the club at the end of the season, Huistra was announced as new team head coach for the 2010–11 season.

paragraph: He served as head coach for two full seasons. The first season was very successful. With attacking and exciting football and with a record number of points the team reached the final of the play offs to qualify for Europa League football in which it lost on penalty kicks. In the second season the club renewed his contract but many of the top players were sold. The new team was not capable to repeat the successful 2010-2011 season. Due to illness and injuries the club missed out on the play offs and ended in 14th place. the seasonal outcome, below the boards aspirations, led to his dismissal on 10 May 2012.

paragraph: On 30 May 2012 he was announced as new head coach of recently relegated 2012–13 Eerste Divisie club De Graafschap, with the goal to bring his new club back to the top flight. In his first season with a complete new team he won a stage title and was named manager of the month. In the play offs for promotion the team lost in the second round against Roda JC. The directors rewarded his work with a contract renewal. In the second season Huistra got into a conflict with a small part of the fans and was fired on 24 December 2013.

paragraph: On December 3, 2014, he was appointed as the Technical Director of the Indonesian football association, PSSI.

paragraph: On May 7, 2015, he was called to become the interim coach of the Indonesia National Team for the 2018 World Cup qualifiers and the Asian Cup qualifiers in 2019. Unfortunately, 1 month later FIFA banned Indonesia to take part because of political interference.

paragraph: On March 31, 2017, he was appointed as technical advisor of Slovak champion AS Trenčín until end of season. He left the club after the season to join Pakhtakor Tashkent FK in Uzbekistan. Together with Shota Arveladze they led the club from eight to third place and qualified for the Asian Champions League. In the second season Pakhtakor ended in second place and reached the Cup final. In december 2018 the Uzbek club renewed the contracts of all the technical staff for one year.

paragraph: In 2019 the club had a good start when it qualified for the group stage of the Asian Champions league after winning two qualifying rounds.

description: Dutch footballer

wikidata_label: Pieter Huistra

wikipedia_title: Pieter Huistra


text:
abbreviated
India
doctor
educationist
banker
philanthropist
Manipal
India
MBBS
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal
Manipal Institute of Technology
Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore
Manipal College of Dental Sciences
Syndicate Bank
Udupi
Pigmy Deposit Scheme
Padma Shri
Karnataka University
Andhra University
Government of India
Ripley's Believe It or Not

categories: 1898 births,1979 deaths,Karnatak University alumni,Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education,Manipal University alumni,Indian bankers,People from Udupi,Businesspeople from Karnataka,Indian philanthropists

paragraph: T. M. A. Pai

paragraph: Dr. Tonse Madhav Ananth Pai, abbreviated: T. M. A. Pai, (30 April 1898 – 29 May 1979), was an Indian doctor, educationist, banker and philanthropist, most well known for building the university town of Manipal , India.

paragraph: He was first to start a private, self-financing medical college offering MBBS in India. Pai established the Kasturba Medical College, Manipal in 1953 and Manipal Institute of Technology in 1957, which was followed by a string of other education institutions including Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal College of Dental Sciences and Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. He, along with his brother Upendra Pai, also established Syndicate Bank originally in Udupi, Karnataka, which has its headquarters now in Manipal and Bangalore. He was responsible for its popular Pigmy Deposit Scheme.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: Dr. T M A Pai was conferred the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 1972. He was awarded the degree of D.Litt. by the Karnataka University in 1973 and the Andhra University in 1975.

paragraph: The Government of India brought out a stamp commemorating Pai on 9 October 1999. Pai has also been recognized by Ripley's Believe It or Not as the person who has established the most number of educational institutions in his lifetime.

alias:
Dr. Tonse Madhav Ananth Pai
T.M.A Pai

description: Indian philanthropist

wikidata_label: T. M. A. Pai

wikipedia_title: T. M. A. Pai


text:
Tom Hall
Dr. Martyn Jolly
Kyoto Seika University
Saburo Hirano
Shinsuke Ina
Max/MSP
Brisbane Lord Mayors Fellowship
San Francisco, USA
Steinbruchel
Sawako
Tim Hecker
Jason Khan
Lawrence English
Takashi Kojima
Haco
Birchville Cat Motel
Isis
Health (band)
Lichens
Max Cooper
AXXONN
hellosQuare
Overlap.org
Elli Records
Elli Records
Room40
Lawrence English
Presto!?
Official Website
Instagram
AXXONN Website
Soundcloud
Vimeo

categories: 1980 births,Australian National University alumni,Australian artists,Australian electronic musicians,People from Brisbane,Living people,Ableton Live users

paragraph: Tom Hall (electronic musician)

paragraph: Tom Hall is an Australian audio/visual artist, residing in Los Angeles.

paragraph: Hall's work characterized by field recordings, synthesizer, computer software processing and improvisation, which generates a large range of possible sounds including; melodic rhythms, grainy textures, and drone.

paragraph: Hall's eclectic works flourish by utilizing a variety of mediums, each that reflect on his varied background and interests. With a strong focus on elements of the 'everyday' Hall's practice involves considered explorations into place, space and time. Drawing inspiration from countless 'peripheral' spaces, Hall focuses on using multiple approaches to engage and recontextualise them to the public.

paragraph: Hall focuses and uses sound as a means to translate feeling, create hybrid environments and notions of journey. Stylistically these outcomes vary from noise orientated improvisation, to structured drone and melody.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Tom Hall is a graduate of The Australian National University with Honours where he majored in Photomedia, studying under the guidance of Dr. Martyn Jolly. During Hall's time at university he spent 1 year abroad (2004) on a scholarship studying sound and moving image at Kyoto Seika University under the guidance of Saburo Hirano and Shinsuke Ina where Hall was introduced Max/MSP.

paragraph: Hall utilises custom designed software and a variety of unorthodox approaches to combining imagery and sound, producing an array outcomes that have seem him exhibit and perform globally in the past decade. During his career he has completed consecutive residencies at The Perth International Arts Festival, residencies in San Francisco, Netherlands and Japan. Hall has developed a reputation for touring tirelessly having completed multiple tours throughout Australia, Japan, Europe, UK and America. In addition to this Hall has also completed a number of sound based installations and exhibited works globally.

paragraph: Hall is also the recipient of the 2009 Brisbane Lord Mayors Fellowship that allowed him to complete a four-month residency in San Francisco, USA.

paragraph: During his career Hall has worked with and played alongside artists such as Steinbruchel, Sawako, Tim Hecker, Jason Khan, Lawrence English, Takashi Kojima, Haco, Birchville Cat Motel, Isis, Health (band), Lichens and Max Cooper.

paragraph: Hall is also a member of AXXONN. A stream-line electronic music project that transcends pop/electro/doom and noise.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2004) "Irashai Mase" – Nightrider Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2006) "Fluere" – Nightrider Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2006) "Floats" – Nightrider Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2008) "Cross" – hellosQuare

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2010) "Past Present, Below" – Overlap.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2011) "Distressed" – Sonoptik

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2011) "Muted Angels" – Complicated Dance Steps

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2013) "Many Days End" – Sonoptik

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2017) "True Image" – (Ltd Ed. 50 released at the LA Art Bookfair)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2017) "Fervor" – Elli Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2018) "Spectra" – Elli Records

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Compilations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Various artists – Airport Symphony – Virtual Terminal Room40 – 2007

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2008) "Euphonia" w/ Lawrence English – Presto!?

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Instagram

paragraph: BULLET::::- AXXONN Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soundcloud

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vimeo

description: Australian musician and artist

wikidata_label: Tom Hall

wikipedia_title: Tom Hall (electronic musician)


text:
Colby College
magic realism
Breslau
Oakland, Maine

categories: People from Oakland, Maine,1930 births,German male writers,Colby College faculty,Living people

paragraph: Hubert C. Kueter

paragraph: Hubert C. Kueter (born 1930) is the author of the book "My Tainted Blood", which chronicles his childhood in World War II era Germany

paragraph: . He is also a professor emeritus at Colby College.

paragraph: The book "My Tainted Blood" has been described as being written in the style of magic realism. It follows the author's adventures and exploits as a boy and teenager in wartime Breslau and postwar Germany. The incorporation of the author's love of food and cooking is also a notable feature of this work.

paragraph: Kueter taught German language and literature at Colby College from 1965 to 1997. From 1975 to 2003 he was also the owner/manager/chef of the Johann Sebastian B Restaurant in Oakland, Maine.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kueter, Hubert C. "My Tainted Blood", Polar Bear & Company, 2008: .

description: American-German academic and writer

wikidata_label: Hubert C. Kueter

wikipedia_title: Hubert C. Kueter


text:
cartoonist
illustrator
archaeologist
plant pathologist
mycologist
Shoreditch
civil servant
Sir Horace Jones
Architectural Association
The Builder
Gardeners' Chronicle
Journal of Horticulture
Walter Hood Fitch
fungi
agarics
Stevenson's
M.J. Berkeley's
spores
Phytophthora infestans
Irish potato famine
Royal Horticultural Society's
Anton de Bary
Sowerby's
Natural History Museum
John Ramsbottom
Basidiomycetes
Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club
Hereford
British Mycological Society
Linnean Society
C.G. Lloyd
herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
palaeolithic
Lower Palaeolithic
Sir John Evans's
Stoke Newington Common
Caddington
Bedfordshire
Whipsnade
Stephen Williams
Cistercian
Strata Florida
Strata Marcella
Abbey Cwmhir
Cambrian Archaeological Association
Society of Antiquaries
civil-list
Lord Avebury
British Museum
Luton Museum
Museum of London
Dunstable
King Henry I
freeman

categories: English mycologists,Fellows of the Linnean Society of London,British phytopathologists,1835 births,English archaeologists,Botanists with author abbreviations,English illustrators,Member of the Cambrian Archaeological Association

paragraph: Worthington George Smith

paragraph: Worthington George Smith (23 March 1835 – 27 October 1917) was an English cartoonist and illustrator, archaeologist, plant pathologist, and mycologist.

paragraph: Section::::Background and career.

paragraph: Worthington G. Smith was born in Shoreditch, London, the son of a civil servant. He received an elementary education at a local school and was then apprenticed as an architect. He married Henrietta White in 1856 and the couple had seven children, only three of whom survived childhood.

paragraph: Smith worked for the architect Sir Horace Jones, becoming an expert draughtsman and a member of the Architectural Association. In 1861, however, he left the profession (having been required to design drains for Sir Horace) and embarked on a second career as a freelance illustrator. He put his former experience to use by producing illustrations for "The Builder" (a journal still published today) and continued as a regular contributor for the next twenty years.

paragraph: Section::::Botany and horticulture.

paragraph: Smith had an interest in natural history and gardening, and gradually developed a reputation as a botanical illustrator. His work appeared in the "Gardeners' Chronicle" and in 1869 he became its chief illustrator, retaining this position for the next 40 years. He also contributed illustrations to the "Journal of Horticulture" and other periodicals.

paragraph: In 1880, he co-authored "Illustrations of the British Flora" with the noted botanical illustrator Walter Hood Fitch.

paragraph: Section::::Mycology and plant pathology.

paragraph: Worthington G. Smith's particular expertise was in fungi, which he collected, studied, and illustrated. He published extensively, writing over 200 articles and papers, as well as several books. His first major work in 1867 was to produce coloured illustrations of poisonous and edible fungi, printed in linen-backed poster format with an accompanying booklet. He published "Clavis Agaricinorum" (a key to British agarics) in 1870, wrote a popular book on mushrooms and toadstools in 1879, illustrated Stevenson's "Hymenomycetes Britannici" in 1886, and produced a supplement to M.J. Berkeley's "Outlines of British Fungology" in 1891.

paragraph: In 1875, Smith published a paper describing and illustrating the overwintering spores of "Phytophthora infestans", the causal agent of late blight of potatoes, the disease responsible for the great Irish potato famine. For this he was awarded the Royal Horticultural Society's Knightian gold medal. The German mycologist Anton de Bary pointed out that Smith had actually described some contaminating spores, but national pride upheld Smith's reputation as a plant pathologist and he was appointed to several governmental commissions on plant diseases, as well as publishing a book on the subject in 1884.

paragraph: He restored Sowerby's clay models of fungal fruitbodies displayed at the Natural History Museum and in 1898 wrote a successful short guide to them (later revised and reissued by John Ramsbottom). In 1908, he also wrote a "descriptive catalogue" of the specimens and drawings of the British "Basidiomycetes" held at the museum.

paragraph: Worthington G. Smith was the first mycologist to lead a fungus foray. In 1868 he was invited by the Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club to be the expert leader of a field meeting dubbed "a foray among the funguses". This was so successful that the club held annual "forays" for the next 24 years. Smith helped publicize the club and its forays with a series of cartoons in various journals, some of them caricaturing the leading mycologists of the day. He also designed illustrated menus in similar style for the club's annual fungus dinners at the Green Dragon in Hereford. Smith became an honorary member of the club and in 1874, as a token of appreciation, was presented with a set of cutlery engraved with fungi taken from his illustrations. In 1896 Worthington G. Smith became a founder member of the British Mycological Society and was elected its President in 1904. He was also a Fellow of the Linnean Society.

paragraph: Smith's reputation as a mycologist and plant pathologist has been overshadowed by the more lasting achievements of his contemporaries. His book on plant diseases was said to have been "out of touch" when published and C.G. Lloyd claimed his "Synopsis of the British" Basidiomycetes resembled "an attempt by someone living in the Sahara to write a book about a rain forest." Many of the new fungal species described by Smith have been relegated to synonymy, though those that remain current include the agaric "Leucoagaricus georginae" (W.G. Sm.) Candusso and the bolete "Rubinoboletus rubinus" (W.G. Sm.) Pilát & Dermek. Smith's collections are now held in the mycological herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The species "Agaricus worthingtonii" Fr., "Clitopilus smithii" Massee, and "Geastrum smithii" Lloyd were named after him.

paragraph: Section::::Archaeology.

paragraph: Worthington G. Smith's reputation as an archaeologist, specializing in the palaeolithic era, has grown rather than diminished. Of the five Lower Palaeolithic occupation sites known from Britain, four were discovered by Smith. He became interested in the subject after reading Sir John Evans's "Ancient Stone Implements of Great Britain" (1872). In 1878 he found stone tools in building excavations at Stoke Newington Common and traced the tool-bearing layer over a wide area of north-east London. He discovered a similar site at Caddington, Bedfordshire, and published his findings in "Man, the Primeval Savage" (1894). He subsequently found further sites at Whipsnade and elsewhere, as well as making other archaeological discoveries in the Bedfordshire area.

paragraph: Between 1887 and 1890, Smith acted as an assistant to Stephen Williams on his excavation in Mid-Wales on the Cistercian Abbeys at Strata Florida, Strata Marcella and Abbey Cwmhir. He undertook the surveying on these sites and drawing the finds for publication. Smith also attended the summer meetings of the Cambrian Archaeological Association regularly between 1875 and 1895.

paragraph: Smith became the local county secretary for the Society of Antiquaries in 1897. In 1902 he was awarded a civil-list pension of £50 per annum "for services to archaeology" on the recommendation of Lord Avebury and Sir John Evans. The items he discovered are now dispersed, but some of his collections are held at the British Museum, Luton Museum, and the Museum of London.

paragraph: Section::::A freeman of Dunstable.

paragraph: For reasons of health, Smith moved to his wife's home town of Dunstable, Bedfordshire, in 1884. There, he not only pursued his mycological and archaeological interests, but also investigated the history of the town. Amongst other things, he discovered and translated the charter granted to the town by King Henry I. As a result of his researches, he wrote an extensive book called "Dunstable, its history and surroundings", published in 1904 and reprinted in 1980. In 1903 he became the first freeman of the borough of Dunstable, "in appreciation of the eminent services rendered to his country in connection with his profession, and his munificent gifts to the Corporation".

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mushrooms and Toadstools: How to distinguish easily the differences between the Edible and Poisonous Fungi" (David Brogue, 1879).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Diseases of field and garden crops". (Macmillan, 1884)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Outlines of British fungology: Supplement". (Reeve, 1891)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Man, the primeval savage; his haunts and relics from the hilltops of Bedfordshire to Blackwall". (E. Stanford, 1894)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guide to Sowerby's models of British fungi in the Department of Botany, British Museum (Natural History)". (British Museum,1898)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dunstable: The downs and the district: A handbook for visitors". (The Homeland Association,1904)

description: British botanist

wikidata_label: Worthington George Smith

wikipedia_title: Worthington George Smith


text:
Patriarch of Bulgaria
medieval
Bulgaria
Bulgarian Orthodox Church
Second Bulgarian Empire
hesychasm
Eastern Orthodox
Tarnovo
monk
Kilifarevo Monastery
Theodosius of Tarnovo
Tsarigrad
Studion
Great Lavra
Athanasius the Athonite
Mount Athos
Gregory the Sinaite
Gregory Palamas
Callistus Philotheus
John Kukuzelis
Lemnos
Byzantine Emperor
John V Palaiologos
Zograf Monastery
Holy Trinity Patriarchal Monastery
Tarnovo Literary School
orthographic
Greek
Church Slavonic language
Serbia
Romania
Ukraine
Gregory Tsamblak
Moses
Egyptian
Ptolemy I
asceticism
heresies
metropolitan
hegumen
liturgical book
Gregory Tsamblak
Metropolitan of Kiev
Cyprian
Metropolitan of Moscow
Joasaph of Bdin
Constantine of Kostenets
Ivan of Rila
Constantine
Helena
Cyprian
Ottoman
Sultan
Bayezid I
Suleyman Çelebi
laid siege
Tsar
Ivan Shishman
Nikopol
Vidin
mosque
boyar
theme of Macedonia
Thrace
Bachkovo Monastery
Patriarchate of Constantinople
canonized
Euthymius the Great
St. Evtimiy Crag
Livingston Island
South Shetland Islands
Antarctica
Biography of Evtimiy

categories: 14th-century births,Medieval Bulgarian writers,14th-century Bulgarian people,1402 deaths,Bulgarian male writers,15th-century Bulgarian people,People from Veliko Tarnovo,Medieval Bulgarian saints,Patriarchs of Bulgaria

paragraph: Euthymius of Tarnovo

paragraph: Saint Euthymius of Tarnovo (also "Evtimiy"; , "Sveti Evtimiy Tarnovski") was Patriarch of Bulgaria between 1375 and 1393. Regarded as one of the most important figures of medieval Bulgaria, Euthymius was the last head of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in the Second Bulgarian Empire. Arguably the best esteemed of all Bulgarian patriarchs, Euthymius was a supporter of hesychasm and an authoritative figure in the Eastern Orthodox world of the time.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Born around 1325 (between 1320–1330) and possibly an offspring of the eminent Tsamblak family of the capital Tarnovo, Euthymius was educated at the monastery schools in and around the city and became a monk. He joined the Kilifarevo Monastery around 1350, attracted by the fame of Theodosius of Tarnovo. Theodosius appointed him his first assistant in 1363 and the two went together to Tsarigrad, with Theodosius dying soon afterwards.

paragraph: Euthymius then consecutively joined the Studion monastery and the Great Lavra of Athanasius the Athonite on Mount Athos. He was influenced by outstanding scholars and reformers of Southeastern Europe's spiritual life, such as Gregory the Sinaite, Gregory Palamas, Callistus Philotheus and John Kukuzelis. He was sent into exile on the island of Lemnos by Byzantine Emperor John V Palaiologos and, upon his release, returned to the Bulgarian Zograf Monastery on Mount Athos. It was there that he first reflected on the spelling reforms and planned corrections to the translations of the clerical books.

paragraph: Section::::Activity in Bulgaria.

paragraph: Around 1371 Euthymius returned to Bulgaria and founded the Holy Trinity Patriarchal Monastery near Tarnovo, where he grounded the Tarnovo Literary School. He established orthographic rules and corrected inaccurately translated religious books by comparing them to the Greek originals. These corrected texts became models for the Orthodox churches using Church Slavonic language: Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania, and Ukraine. Gregory Tsamblak, his biographer, compared Euthymius' work to that of Moses and Egyptian king Ptolemy I.

paragraph: In 1375, following the death of Patriarch Joanicius, Euthymius was elected to become his successor. A supporter of asceticism, Euthymius aimed to persecute heresies and moral decay. Euthymius became a prominent figure in the Orthodox world and a number of metropolitans and hegumens addressed him to interpret theological matters.

paragraph: There are 15 known works by Euthymius, including liturgical books, laudatory works, passionals and epistles. Among his literary disciples are Gregory Tsamblak, Metropolitan of Kiev; Cyprian, Metropolitan of Moscow; Joasaph of Bdin and Constantine of Kostenets.

paragraph: Section::::Establishment of Tarnovo Literary School and language reform.

paragraph: During the time of patriarch Theodosius of Tarnovo Euthymius founded and ran the Tarnovo literary school, which was to quickly become an important cultural center of the Slavic Christian world.

paragraph: Euthymius initiated a language reform in Old Bulgarian that was widely influential to the standardized literary languages of Serbia, Walachia, Moldova, and the Ukrainian principalities.

paragraph: Partial list of works:

paragraph: Hagiographies

paragraph: “Hagiography of St. Ivan of Rila”

paragraph: “Hagiography of St. Ilarion Maglenski”

paragraph: “Hagiography of St. Philothea Temnishka”

paragraph: “Hagiography of St. Petka of Tarnovo”

paragraph: Praises

paragraph: “Praise for Mikhail Warrior”

paragraph: “Praise for Ioan Polivotski”

paragraph: “Praise for St. Nedelya”

paragraph: “Praise for St. Constantine and Helena”

paragraph: Letters

paragraph: “Letter to Cyprian"

paragraph: “Letter to metropolitan Arsenius”

paragraph: “Letter to Nikodim – monk of Tismana”

paragraph: Section::::Fall of Tarnovo and its consequences.

paragraph: In the spring of 1393 the son of Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I, Suleyman Çelebi, laid siege to the Bulgarian capital Tarnovo with his sizable forces. With Tsar Ivan Shishman out of the city (leading the remnants of his troops to the fortress of Nikopol), Euthymius was the one entrusted with the defense of Tarnovo. After a three-month siege on 17 July 1393, the Ottomans captured the capital despite its ferocious resistance; Gregory Tsamblak several years later suggested the conquest was due to treason from one of the non-Christian neighborhoods of Tarnovo.

paragraph: Joasaph of Bdin, Metropolitan of Vidin, a contemporary of the event, described it as follows: "A great Muslim invasion happened and total destruction was done with this city and its surroundings." According to Gregory Tsamblak, churches were turned into mosques, priests were expelled and substituted with "teachers of shamelessness." 110 noted citizens of Tarnovo and boyars were massacred, but Patriarch Euthymius was reprieved and sent into exile in the theme of Macedonia (contemporary Thrace), possibly in the Bachkovo Monastery. He is supposed to have died there in 1402–1404. The Tarnovo Patriarchate thereupon ceased to exist as the Bulgarian church lost its independence and became subordinate to the Patriarchate of Constantinople until 1870.

paragraph: Patriarch Euthymius has been canonized and his memory is honored on the same day as that of his namesake Euthymius the Great, 20 January.

paragraph: Section::::Commemoration.

paragraph: St. Evtimiy Crag on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Patriarch Euthymius of Bulgaria.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ivanova, Kl. (1986) (in Bulgarian). Патриарх Евтимий. С.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Патриарх Евтимий Търновски и неговото време. Материали от националната научна сесия за 600 г. от заточението на св. Евтимий, патриарх Търновски, Велико Търново, 6 октомври 1993 г. Ред. кол. Георги Данчев и др. Велико Търново, 1998 (Проглас).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Evtimiy

description: Bulgarian writer

wikidata_label: Euthymius of Tarnovo

wikipedia_title: Euthymius of Tarnovo