text:
folk
psychedelic
electronic music
lo-fi
Manchester
Northern Ireland
Steve Ashley
P.G. Six
The Owl Service
Nick Harper
UK City of Culture
Full story
BBC 6 Music
Northern Ireland Music Prize
Le Galaxie
Bentley Rhythm Ace
Adam Leonard at Discogs
Steve Lamacq
BBC 6 Music
Tom Robinson
BBC 6 Music
BBC Radio Foyle
Terrascope Online
Everett True
Plan B
Careless Talk Costs Lives
fRoots
Eden's Engine
Adam Leonard MySpace
The Message Tapes
invaderband.com
Adam Leonard at Discogs

categories: English guitarists,English male guitarists,English singer-songwriters,English male singers,Living people

paragraph: Adam Leonard (singer-songwriter)

paragraph: Adam Leonard is an English singer-songwriter working mainly in the folk, psychedelic and electronic music fields. His style is often described as lo-fi and the subject matter of his songs somewhat unconventional. Since his debut album 'How Music Sounds' in 2003, he has released many EPs, albums and mini-albums on various small labels. Live performances, which have so far been limited to the UK (Manchester, London and Northern Ireland) are as intriguing as they are rare. In 2008 he opened for British folk legend Steve Ashley. He regularly collaborates with other musicians, most notably Pat Gubler (P.G. Six), Ashley Cooke (Pulco), Gareth Davies, and Steven Collins of The Owl Service, a band for which Leonard provided vocals for their 2010 album 'The View From A Hill'. At the close of 2010, a limited edition album entitled 'Nature Recordings' was released on vinyl only by the London label The Great Pop Supplement. In 2011 Leonard provided the soundtrack to Claudia Heindel's award-winning independent film Lucky Seven. In 2012, Nature Recordings was issued on CD by Manchester-based label The Northwestern Series.

paragraph: In 2013 Leonard formed Invaderband, a 4-piece "Artrock/Garagerock/Krautrock" group and began gigging locally around Northern Ireland, including a slot at Other Voices in 2014. Occasional solo gigs still took place, including opening for Nick Harper.

paragraph: Leonard was the winner of UK City of Culture 2013 Resonate Award for Best Song ("My Love") Full story

paragraph: In 2014 he embarked on the Octopus Project releasing 8 albums over an 8-month period. In 2015 Invaderband released 2 singles ('The Implausible Man' & 'Attack of the Pod People'), the latter making the BBC 6 Music Recommends playlist in Dec 2015. Invaderband's debut album was released January 2017.

paragraph: In Sept 2017 the Invaderband album was shortlisted for the Northern Ireland Music Prize.

paragraph: In 2018 Leonard released a solo 7" single 'Entkommen' on the esteemed Polytechnic Youth label, and also collaborated with Irish/French/New York "broken beat" combo "Warriors Of The Dystotheque" on the 'I Know You'll Never Die' EP released by Dublin's Reckless Records. The 2 main tracks were remixed by Le Galaxie and Richard March of Bentley Rhythm Ace.

paragraph: Section::::Selected discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "How Music Sounds" album, 2003 (Real Wood)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "How Real Is Real?" mini-album, 2004 (Apport)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sgt. Pepper" remake, 2005 (joint release by Real Wood/Bottled Music).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Leonardism" album, 2007 (RW021) (Real Wood)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "It Happened on a Day" EP, 2007 (Great Pop Supplement)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dan & Headless Bill" – REDLIP mini-album, 2008 (Real Wood) -- reissued by Folkwit Records, 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- "To Give Up You Have To Bloody Start" Live EP, 2008 (Real Wood)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nature Recordings" vinyl LP, 2010 (Great Pop Supplement)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nature Recordings" CD album, 2012 (The Northwestern Series)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Octopus Part 1" download album, 2014 (self-release via bandcamp)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Octopus Part 2" download album, 2014 (self-release via bandcamp)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Octopus Part 3" download album, 2014 (self-release via bandcamp)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Octopus Part 4" download album, 2014 (self-release via bandcamp)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Octopus Part 5" download album, 2014 (self-release via bandcamp)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Octopus Part 6" download album, 2015 (self-release via bandcamp)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Octopus Part 7" download album, 2015 (self-release via bandcamp)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Octopus Part 8" download album, 2015 (self-release via bandcamp)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Invaderband "The Implausible Man" 2 track CD single, 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Invaderband "Attack of the Pod People" 3 track CD single, 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Invaderband "Invaderband" – self-titled debut album (LP/CD) (Tectona Grandis, TEAK005), 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Entkommen" 7" single (Polytechnic Youth), 2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Octopus Part 9" download album, 2018 (self-release via bandcamp)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Know You'll Never Die" EP with Warriors Of The Dystotheque (Reckless Records), 2018

paragraph: For further information see Adam Leonard at Discogs

paragraph: Section::::Press and Reviews.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sly and cunning with a great hook ... I really like this" "Steve Lamacq, BBC 6 Music"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Really special" – "Tom Robinson, BBC 6 Music"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bottom Line: The songs are amazing. Get them into your life as fast as you can" – Stephen McCauley, BBC Radio Foyle

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Excellent ... sublime ... intriguing ... ambitious ... This is a curious little gem of an album and one that should delight the discerning listener, time and again." – "Terrascope Online"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Leonard has developed a signature style and it's working well ... the whole thing has the ramshackle feel of a bumpy journey in the south of France." – "Shindig! magazine."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charming, ramshackle album that whirls and fidgets round the muddy pastoral fields of middle England; here, a little Robyn Hitchcock, there some Syd Barrett whimsy and Swell Maps pout... even the odd sarcastic E. Smith colloquialism. Nice." – "Everett True, Plan B magazine"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music for a Slow Motion Film sees Adam sitting on a rock on the sea shore playing a mandolin while the wind whips his gravelled voice into a swirling echo" – "Careless Talk Costs Lives magazine."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Drakeish air and an English drift" – "fRoots magazine"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eden's Engine: Adam Leonard website (not updated since 2008).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adam Leonard MySpace

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Message Tapes – new blog

paragraph: BULLET::::- invaderband.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adam Leonard at Discogs

description: British singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Adam Leonard

wikipedia_title: Adam Leonard (singer-songwriter)


text: right-handed

text: Major League Baseball

text: pitcher

text: Colorado Rockies

text: designated for assignment

text: Springfield, Virginia

text: Joe Saunders

text: Radford University

text: Virginia

text: Highlanders

text: Cape Cod Baseball League

text: Colorado Rockies

text: Coors Field

text: Washington Nationals

text: Southern Maryland Blue Crabs

text: Atlantic League

text: Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles

text: Cape Cod Baseball League

categories: Colorado Springs Sky Sox players,Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles players,Baseball players from Kentucky,American expatriate baseball players in Japan,Asheville Tourists players,Tulsa Drillers players,People from Frankfort, Kentucky,1979 births,Colorado Rockies players,Bourne Braves players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Radford Highlanders baseball players,Living people

paragraph: Ryan Speier

paragraph: Ryan Andrew Speier (born July 24, 1979) is a former right-handed Major League Baseball pitcher. He played with the Colorado Rockies for his entire Major League career, from when he was called up to July 24, when he was designated for assignment.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:High school.

paragraph: Speier was a standout pitcher at West Springfield High School in Springfield, Virginia along with Joe Saunders and Borchers Ina Vineyard.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:College.

paragraph: Speier attended Radford University in Virginia, where he was a standout pitcher for the Highlanders baseball team prior to being signed by the Rockies in 2001 as an undrafted free agent.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Professional career.

paragraph: Speier currently holds the single season saves record in the Cape Cod Baseball League with which he set in 2001 while playing for the Bourne Braves and not giving up an earned run in the process. Speier is a former Minor League Rolaids Relief Award winner (2004) and also currently holds the single season saves record for the Texas League (AA) with 37. He was drafted and remained in the Colorado Rockies organization until the 2010 season which explains why his numbers on the road are significantly better than at home during that time period. Speier sports a 3.22 ERA and 1.212 WHIP away from Coors Field and is praised for his ability to keep the ball in the ball park by only allowing four home runs in 99 innings. He is also a significantly more productive second half pitcher with a 2.38 ERA and 1.28 WHIP during his career with the Colorado Rockies.

paragraph: On December 11, 2009, Speier signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals.

paragraph: He played at Southern Maryland Blue Crabs of Atlantic League in 2010.

paragraph: On February 16, 2011, he signed with Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles in Japan.

paragraph: On November 16, 2013, he was inducted into the Cape Cod Baseball League Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- player profile on Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles official website

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Ryan Speier

wikipedia_title: Ryan Speier


text: KB

text: KG

text: Hugh de Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford

text: Philippa de Beauchamp

text: Anne of Gloucester

text: Thomas Stafford, 3rd Earl of Stafford

text: Edward III

text: Eleanor de Bohun

text: Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland

text: Lady Joan Beaufort

text: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster

text: Katherine Roet

text: Countess of March

text: Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March

text: John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter

text: Henry, Duke of Exeter

text: Knight of the Bath

text: Henry IV

text: Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas

text: Battle of Shrewsbury

text: Austin Friars

text: William Shakespeare

categories: Knights of the Garter,1378 births,Knights of the Bath,1403 deaths,Earls of Stafford

paragraph: Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford

paragraph: Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford and 1st Baron Audley, KB, KG (2 March 1377 – 21 July 1403) was the son of Hugh de Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford and Philippa de Beauchamp.

paragraph: He inherited the earldom at the age of 18, the third of three out of four brothers to inherit the title. His eldest brother, Sir Ralph, died before inheriting the title and his other two elder brothers died without issue.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: He married Anne of Gloucester as her second husband under special licence, as she was the widow of his brother Thomas Stafford, 3rd Earl of Stafford who had died prior to the consummation of his marriage at the age of 18. Edmund and his brothers were ward of the Gloucester family. Anne was the granddaughter of King Edward III by his son Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester and Eleanor de Bohun.

paragraph: With Anne he had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham who married Anne Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and Lady Joan Beaufort. Joan was a daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and his mistress, later wife, Katherine Roet. Had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Anne Stafford, Countess of March, (d. 20 September 1432), who married firstly Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March. Edmund and Anne had no children. She married, secondly, John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter (d.1447) and had one son and a daughter: Henry, Duke of Exeter (1430 – 1475) and Lady Anne Holland (d. 26 December 1486).

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Philippa Stafford, died young.

paragraph: Section::::Later life and death.

paragraph: He was made a Knight of the Bath, along with his younger brother Hugh, at the coronation of Henry IV and a Knight of the Garter in 1403.

paragraph: He was killed by the Scotsman, Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas while fighting with the royalist forces of King Henry IV at the Battle of Shrewsbury on 21 July 1403. He was buried at the Church of the Austin Friars in Stafford.

paragraph: Section::::Shakespeare.

paragraph: The Death of the Earl at the battle of Shrewsbury is mentioned in Henry IV Part 1 but otherwise he is not in the play. "And thou shalt find a king that will revenge Lord Stafford’s death". Henry IV Part 1 Act 5 Scene 3 by William Shakespeare.

description: English Earl

wikidata_label: Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford

wikipedia_title: Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford


text: Brunswick-Lüneburg

text: Lüneburg

text: brother

text: Bernard I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

text: Wolfenbüttel

text: Frederick

text: Eichsfeld

text: archbishop of Mainz

text: Bernard VI, Count of Lippe

text: Rupert

text: Gerhard, Count of Schleswig

text: Margaret I of Denmark

text: Holstein

text: Wartislaw VI, Duke of Pomerania

text: William

text: Catherine

text: Frederick I, Elector of Saxony

text: Hermann II, Landgrave of Hesse

text: Henry

categories: 14th-century births,1416 deaths,Princes of Wolfenbüttel,Princes of Lüneburg

paragraph: Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

paragraph: Henry of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Latin "Henricus", died 14 October 1416), Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, called Henry the Mild, was prince of Lüneburg from 1388 to 1409 jointly with his brother Bernard I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, from 1400 to 1409 also of Wolfenbüttel, and from 1409 until his death sole prince of Lüneburg.

paragraph: Henry was the fourth son of Magnus with the Necklace, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. He participated in the prosecution of the murderers of his brother Frederick, elected King of the Romans, after 1400. Henry ravaged the Eichsfeld, a possession of the archbishop of Mainz, who was suspected to be involved in the murder. Only in 1405, a peace was ratified between Brunswick-Lüneburg and the Archbishopric.

paragraph: In 1404, Henry was kidnapped by Bernard VI, Count of Lippe; when he paid a ransom, he was released, and later, with the support of King Rupert, took revenge on Bernard.

paragraph: After the death of Gerhard, Count of Schleswig, Henry's sister's husband, Queen Margaret I of Denmark tried to take control of Schleswig, but Henry, together with Holstein, successfully defended Schleswig.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Henry married Sophie (died 1406), daughter of Wartislaw VI, Duke of Pomerania, in 1388. Children were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- William (c. 1392–1482)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine (1395–1442), married Frederick I, Elector of Saxony

paragraph: Henry married Margaret (c. 1389–1471), daughter of Hermann II, Landgrave of Hesse, in 1409. They had one known child:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry (c. 1411–1473)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zedlers Universal-Lexicon, vol. 12, p. 775-776

paragraph: BULLET::::- Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, vol. 11, p. 486-488

description: Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Prince of Wolfenbüttel (1400-1409)


text: Mexican

text: football

text: coach

text: Selección de fútbol de México

text: FIFA World Cup

text: Czechoslovakia

text: Cruz Azul

text: México Primera División

text: turned 100

text: C.D. Marte

text: Mexican Primera División

text: Club Zacatepec

text: Mexican Primera División

text: Club Toluca

text: Mexican Primera División

text: Cruz Azul

text: Mexican Primera División

categories: Association footballers not categorized by position,Mexico national football team managers,Mexican centenarians,1966 FIFA World Cup managers,Living people,1962 FIFA World Cup managers,Deportivo Toluca F.C. managers,Cruz Azul managers,Mexican footballers,Mexican football managers,1916 births

paragraph: Ignacio Trelles

paragraph: Ignacio "Nacho" Trelles Campos (born 31 July 1916) is a Mexican former football player and coach. He had five tenures as coach of the Selección de fútbol de México (Mexico national team) in 106 international matches, and was in charge of the Mexico squads at FIFA World Cup tournaments: 1962 and 1966. He guided Mexico to their first win in a FIFA World Cup when they defeated Czechoslovakia 3–1 in the 1962 FIFA World Cup in Chile. At the 1962 FIFA World Cup, Mexico finished eleventh, which was their best ranking in a World Cup outside home soil until 2002 where they also ranked eleventh.

paragraph: With professional clubs, he has coached 1083 matches, collected 463 wins, 319 draws and 301 losses. He took Cruz Azul to consecutive México Primera División (Mexico First Division) , 1979 and 1980; a feat the team has yet to repeat. He turned 100 in July 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Manager.

paragraph: BULLET::::- C.D. Marte

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mexican Primera División: 1953–54

paragraph: BULLET::::- Club Zacatepec

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mexican Primera División: 1954–55: 1957–58

paragraph: BULLET::::- Club Toluca

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mexican Primera División: 1966–67: 1967–68

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cruz Azul

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mexican Primera División: 1978–79: 1979–80

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Mexico national team coaching statistics

description: Mexican footballer

wikidata_label: Ignacio Trelles

wikipedia_title: Ignacio Trelles


text:
Champions Series / Grand Prix
Official Site (in Japanese)

categories: People from Ōta, Tokyo,Figure skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics,Sportspeople from Tokyo,Olympic figure skaters of Japan,Figure skaters at the 2007 Asian Winter Games,Japanese female ice dancers,Figure skaters at the 1999 Asian Winter Games,Medalists at the 2003 Asian Winter Games,Asian Games silver medalists for Japan,1971 births,Asian Games medalists in figure skating,Asian Games gold medalists for Japan,Medalists at the 2007 Asian Winter Games,Living people,Figure skaters at the 2003 Asian Winter Games

paragraph: Nozomi Watanabe

paragraph: Section::::Results.

paragraph: "GP: Champions Series / Grand Prix"

paragraph: BULLET::::- with Kido

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Site (in Japanese)

description: figure skater

wikidata_label: Nozomi Watanabe

wikipedia_title: Nozomi Watanabe


text: Santo Domingo

text: Diego Colón

text: María Álvarez de Toledo y Rojas

text: Christopher Columbus

text: pleitos colombinos

text: ducat

text: Jamaica

text: Dukedom of Veragua

text: estate

text: league

text: Veragua

text: Isthmus of Panama

text: Valladolid

text: Lemos

text: Sárria

text: Pleitos colombinos

categories: Colonial Panama,Colony of Santiago,Marquesses of Spain,People of the Spanish colonial Americas,Colonial governors of Santo Domingo,Columbus family,16th-century Spanish people,16th-century births,Dukes of Veragua,1572 deaths,Dukes of Spain,16th-century South American people

paragraph: Luis Colón, 1st Duke of Veragua

paragraph: Luis Colón y Álvarez de Toledo, 1st Duke of Veragua, 1st Duke of la Vega, 1st Marquess of Jamaica (1519/1520/1522 in Santo Domingo – 29 January 1572), was the first son of Diego Colón and María Álvarez de Toledo y Rojas, and grandson of Christopher Columbus.

paragraph: After his father's death, a compromise was reached in the pleitos colombinos in 1536 in which he was named 3rd Admiral of the Indies and renounced all other rights for a perpetual annuity of 10,000 ducats, the island of Jamaica as a fief, the Dukedom of Veragua estate of 25 square leagues in the Province of Veragua on the Isthmus of Panama, and the titles of 1st Duke of Veragua and 1st Marquess of Jamaica and 1st Duke of La Vega.

paragraph: He married firstly in 1546 to María de Mosquera y Pasamonte, daughter of Juan de Mosquera and his wife Ofrasina de Pasamonte, and had:

paragraph: BULLET::::- María Colón de Toledo y Mosquera, a nun in Valladolid

paragraph: BULLET::::- Felipa Colón de Toledo, 2nd Duchess of Veragua

paragraph: He married secondly in Valladolid, on 19 October 1555, to Ana de Castro Osorio, daughter of Beatriz de Castro Osório, 6th Countess of Lemos and Sárria, and her second husband Alvaro Osorio, without issue.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pleitos colombinos

description: Spanish colonian administrator

wikidata_label: Luis Colón, 1st Duke of Veragua

wikipedia_title: Luis Colón, 1st Duke of Veragua


href: sufi saint philosopher poet Sindh Pakistan Makhdoom assassinated Grinding%20machine Battle%20of%20Talti Sindh Arghun%20dynasty Persian%20language Sindhi%20language Quatrain shrine Dadu%2C%20Pakistan Sindh Pakistan mosque tomb Sardar

text:
sufi
saint
philosopher
poet
Sindh
Pakistan
Makhdoom
crushed alive
grinder
Battle of Talti
Sindh
Arguns
Persian
Sindhi language
Quatrain
shrine
Dadu
Sindh
Pakistan
mosque
tomb
Sardar

categories: 1451 births,Sufism in Sindh,Sindhi-language poets,Samma tribes,Year of birth uncertain,Sufi poets,Sindhi people

paragraph: Makhdoom Bilawal

paragraph: Makhdoom Bilawal Bin Jam Hassan Samo (), (Born 1451 AD/ 856 AH Sindh) was a sufi saint, philosopher and poet from Sindh, Pakistan. He is also referred as Makhdum Bilal or Bilali Makhdum.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Makhdoom Bilawal was ordered to be crushed alive in a seed grinder after the Battle of Talti for opposing the conquest of Sindh by Arguns on 30 Safar 929AH/1522 AD.

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.

paragraph: He said poems in Persian and Sindhi languages. One of his Persian Quatrain reads as follows:

paragraph: Section::::Shrine of Makhdum Bilawal.

paragraph: His shrine is at 'Baghban' near the town of Dadu Sindh, Pakistan. According to the article of Nadeem Wagan, the mosque at his tomb was constructed by one of his devotees Sardar Mahboob Khan Wagan (Chief Sardar of Wagan Tribe).

description: Indian writer

wikidata_label: Makhdoom Bilawal

wikipedia_title: Makhdoom Bilawal


text:
count of Brienne
Third Crusade
Siege of Acre
Gautier II
Erard I, Count of Brienne
André of Brienne
Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt
Agnès of Montfaucon
Amadeus II of Montfaucon
Walter III of Brienne
count of Brienne
throne of Sicily
William of Brienne
Pacy-sur-Armançon
Peter I of Courtenay
Courtenay
John of Brienne
king of Jerusalem
emperor of Constantinople

categories: Counts of Brienne,Christians of the Third Crusade,House of Brienne,1191 deaths

paragraph: Erard II, Count of Brienne

paragraph: Erard II of Brienne (died 1191) was count of Brienne from 1161 to 1191, and a French general during the Third Crusade, most notably at the Siege of Acre. He was the son of Gautier II, count of Brienne, and Adèle of Baudemont, daughter of Andrew, lord of Baudemont and Agnes of Braine. His paternal grandparents were Erard I, Count of Brienne and Alix de Roucy. During this siege he saw his brother André of Brienne die on 4 October 1189, before being killed himself on 8 February 1191. Erard II's nephew was Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt.

paragraph: Before 1166 he married Agnès of Montfaucon († after 1186), daughter of Amadeus II of Montfaucon and of Béatrice of Grandson-Joinville. Their children were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walter III of Brienne (died 1205) count of Brienne and claimant to the throne of Sicily.

paragraph: BULLET::::- William of Brienne (died 1199) lord of Pacy-sur-Armançon, married Eustachie of Courtenay, daughter of Peter I of Courtenay and Elisabeth of Courtenay.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John of Brienne (1170–1237), king of Jerusalem (1210–1225), then emperor of Constantinople (1231–1237).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrew

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ida of Brienne who married Ernoul of Reynel lord of Pierrefitte.

description: French crusader

wikidata_label: Erard II, Count of Brienne

wikipedia_title: Erard II, Count of Brienne


text:
Ramerupt
Venizy
pretender
county of Champagne
Champagne War of Succession
André of Brienne
Erard II of Brienne
John of Brienne
Maria of Jerusalem
King of Jerusalem
Philippa of Champagne
Third Crusade
Henry II
Theobald III
Isabella I of Jerusalem
Alice
Blanche of Navarre
posthumous son
Theobald IV
War of Succession of Champagne
Theobald I, Duke of Lorraine
Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II
Seventh Crusade
Philippa of Champagne
Jean de Picquigny

paragraph: Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt

paragraph: Érard de Brienne (c. 1170 † 1246) was a French nobleman. He was lord of Ramerupt and of Venizy, and also a pretender to the county of Champagne as an instigator of the Champagne War of Succession. He was a son of André of Brienne and of Alix of Vénizy.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was born in Ramerupt, Aube, Champagne, France.

paragraph: A social-climber from a minor branch of the Brienne family, Erard actually held no lands in Brienne and had little just cause to appropriate the name "of Brienne" for himself. His uncle Erard II of Brienne had indeed ruled as count of Brienne. Andre, the brother of Erard II, was the father of Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt. The younger Erard was actually lord of Ramerupt, which wasn't very impressive compared to the holdings of the more senior branches of the Brienne family. Within his own letters, the younger Erard thus tried to enhance his prestige by consistently referring to himself as "Erard of Brienne" and not even mentioning Ramerupt. The name "Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt" is retroactively applied by historians for the sake of clarity.

paragraph: Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt's uncle, the aforementioned Count Erard II of Brienne, was the father of the famous crusader knight John of Brienne (1170-1237), who in 1210 wed the heiress Maria of Jerusalem to become the nominal King of Jerusalem by marriage (albeit, the crusaders had lost control of the city of Jerusalem itself by this point). Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt, perhaps seeking to emulate the success of his cousin, who found great prestige traveling to the east and marrying a powerful heiress, therefore in June 1213 left Champagne for the Latin East with the stated intention of marrying Philippa of Champagne, the younger half-sister of Maria of Jerusalem.

paragraph: Section::::The War of Succession of Champagne.

paragraph: The line of succession of the counts of Champagne had become complicated in the current generation. Before he left France to fight in the Third Crusade in 1190, Henry II had his barons swear that should he never return, his younger brother Theobald III was his designated heir. Henry II never returned from the Latin East, but instead married Queen Isabella I of Jerusalem and fathered two daughters, Alice and Philippa. Henry II died in 1197. Technically, Henry II's young daughters were his rightful heirs. However, their family made no attempt to press their claim, and Theobald III succeeded him. Theobald died of a sudden illness in May 1201, leaving behind his heavily pregnant wife, Blanche of Navarre, who secured the succession for a posthumous son, Theobald IV.

paragraph: Having successfully married Philippa, Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt returned to Champagne with his new bride in January 1216. Armed clashes soon broke out, and the War of Succession of Champagne began.

paragraph: King Philip II imposed a truce in April 1216 to put a stop to the fighting, and held a court at Melun in July 1216 to hear Erard and Philippa's case. Unfortunately for Erard, the court ruled that because Theobald III had already done homage for Champagne to the king for several years, yet Philippa and her family never challenged his succession in all that time, Henry II's daughters could no longer make a claim for the inheritance. Blanche again presented the signed agreements of Henry II's barons which swore that Theobald III was to be his heir if he never returned from the crusade. Unsatisfied, Erard returned to open rebellion in spring 1217. Erard gathered to himself a large number of barons from the fringes of Champagne or from old and powerful aristocratic families, who were not pleased with the increasing efforts of Theobald III and Blanche to bring them all under centralized control. Most of Erard and Philippa's supports came from the fringes of Champagne, along the southern and eastern borders, away from the core territories of "Champagne and Brie" in the west. One of Erard's major supporters was Simon of Joinville, hereditary seneschal of Champagne and leader of one of the most powerful noble families in the county. Further, Erard allied with Theobald I, Duke of Lorraine, significantly bolstering the rebel faction.

paragraph: By 1218, however, the tide had turned, as Blanche secured papal excommunications against the rebel lords, and gained the support of the neighboring duke of Burgundy and count of Bar. Further, Blanche allied with Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II to counterbalance Duke Theobald I of Lorraine. By May 1218 Blanche and her army rode with Frederick II's forces to Lorraine's capital of Nancy and burned it to the ground. By June 1218, the rebellion had largely collapsed and individual lords began to make their own separate peaces. Erard and Philippa established a truce agreement in July 1218, which ultimately lasted the rest of Blanche's regency until 1222, during which time other rebel lords continued to haggle for better peace terms.

paragraph: Blanche offered peace on generous terms to Erard and Philippa, wanting to end the challenge to her son's rule as quickly as possible. Erard received a surprisingly large payment of 4,000 livres, with a lifetime rent of 1,200 livres.

paragraph: Only after the war ended, when hope of becoming count of Champagne was lost, did Erard stop the charade of presenting himself as "Erard of Brienne". Instead, after 1222, he would specify in his letters that he was "Erard of Brienne, lord of Ramerupt".

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Despite losing the war, on the whole Erard did quite well for himself. He had started out as a grasper from a minor branch of the Brienne family, clinging to a name he didn't technically have the right to use because it enhanced his social prestige. The massive payoff that Blanche gave Erard in the peace agreement that ended the war, however, propelled him to a place alongside the highest level of regional barons. Erard used his newfound wealth to buy up lands surrounding his own, so that he was able to cobble together his own larger barony. By 1227, he even bought up the other half-share of Ramerupt - he had only owned a half-share of his own castle up to this point - uniting it under his sole possession.

paragraph: Erard did not intervene against Theobald IV during the difficult invasion of other northern barons of France in 1229, because anticipating that Erard might try to challenge him again, Theobald IV bought him off with a 200 livre fief, and in return had to swear to surrender his castles of Ramerupt and Venizy until the invasion was over.

paragraph: Erard died at roughly the age of sixty in 1243. All that he had striven to achieve for himself and his children, however, evaporated within only a few years. Both of his sons died on the Seventh Crusade in 1250, and his wife Philippa died that same year. Erard had six daughters, one of whom had predeceased him without issue and another who became a nun. Ramerupt was subsequently divided into quarters between the remaining four daughters, whose husbands absorbed the lands into their own separate lordships.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Erad married Philippa of Champagne, they had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erard (d. 1250), married Mathilde by whom he had one daughter.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henri (d. 1249), Seigneur of Ramerupt and de Vénisy, married Marguerite de Salins by whom he had two sons.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marie (1215- c.1251), married firstly Gaucher, Sire de Nanteuil-la Fosse, by whom she had three children; she married secondly Hughes II, Sire de Conflans, by whom she had one son.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marguerite (died 1275), married Thierry of Boeurs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heloise

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabeau (died 1274/1277), married firstly Henry V, Count of Grandpré, by whom she had three children; she married secondly Jean de Picquigny

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeanne, Dame de Séans-en-Othe, married before 1250 Mathieu III, Sire de Montmorency,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sibylle, Abbess of Ramerupt

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alix

paragraph: Philippa died on 20 December 1250, a little more than six years after her husband. She was aged about fifty-three.

description: French noble

wikidata_label: Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt

wikipedia_title: Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt


text: Toulouse

text: D'Hannetaire

text: Théâtre de la Monnaie

text: Pergolesi

text: Alexandre Bultos

text: Théâtre de la Monnaie

categories: 1749 births,1822 deaths,French stage actresses,People from Toulouse,18th-century French actresses

paragraph: Angélique D'Hannetaire

paragraph: Marie-Angélique Servandoni (22 September 1749, Toulouse - 14 April 1822, Paris), stage name Angélique D'Hannetaire, was a French actress and opera singer.

paragraph: She was the daughter of the actor and director D'Hannetaire and his wife, the actor Marguerite Hue. Angélique made her debut at the Théâtre de la Monnaie aged 12 in "La Servante maîtresse" by Pierre Baurans, after the work by Pergolesi, beside Alexandre Bultos (like her, a student of Ignaz Vitzthumb, music-master of the Théâtre de la Monnaie). She was active at the Monnaie from 1766 until 1775. She often performed the role of heroine in romantic parts, and she also acted as a singer in opera buffa.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henri Liebrecht: Histoire du théatre français à Bruxelles au XVIIe et au XVIIIe siècle

description: French actress

wikidata_label: Angélique D'Hannetaire

wikipedia_title: Angélique D'Hannetaire


text: Lleida

text: Sant Quirze Safaja

text: Catalan

text: poet

text: Joan Sales

text: Mexico

text: Humbert Torres

text: Liceu Escolar

text: University of Barcelona

text: Spanish Civil War

text: tuberculosis

text: Institut Màrius Torres

text: Mexico DF

text: Catalan literature

text: Màrius Torres at Escriptors.cat

text: Màrius Torres a Lo Càntich

categories: Infectious disease deaths in Spain,People from Lleida,1942 deaths,1910 births,20th-century deaths from tuberculosis,Catalan-language poets,University of Barcelona alumni

paragraph: Màrius Torres

paragraph: Màrius Torres (; 1910 in Lleida – 1942 in Sant Quirze Safaja) was a Catalan poet, first published by fellow writer Joan Sales in Mexico. He's among the most influential poets in the first 30 years of post-Civil War Catalonia.

paragraph: The son of physician and politician Humbert Torres, he studied at the Liceu Escolar in Lleida from 1920 to 1926 and earned a degree in Medicine from the University of Barcelona. He used the pen name Gregori Sastre to sign his works during the Spanish Civil War, while he was confined in several anti-tuberculosis hospitals. He died in 1942 and was buried in Sant Quirze Safaja.

paragraph: Today there is a public high school in his home city which is called Institut Màrius Torres.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poesies", at "Quaderns de l'exili", Mexico DF 1947.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catalan literature

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Màrius Torres at Escriptors.cat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Màrius Torres in LletrA, Catalan Literature Online (Open University of Catalonia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Màrius Torres a Lo Càntich

description: Spanish poet

wikidata_label: Màrius Torres

wikipedia_title: Màrius Torres


text:
U.S. Representative
Maryland
Baltimore
Maryland
German
Washington and Jefferson College
Washington, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Baltimore County
Maryland House of Delegates
Baltimore
Republican
Fifty-seventh
Fifty-eighth
Bull Moose National Convention
Loudon Park Cemetery

categories: 1864 births,American Lutherans,Maryland Progressives (1912),Members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland,Lawyers from Baltimore,American people of German descent,Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives,Members of the Maryland House of Delegates,1918 deaths,Washington & Jefferson College alumni,Politicians from Baltimore,Maryland Republicans,Maryland lawyers

paragraph: Charles Reginald Schirm

paragraph: Charles Reginald Schirm (August 12, 1864 – November 2, 1918) was a U.S. Representative from Maryland.

paragraph: Born in Baltimore, Maryland to German immigrants, Schirm attended the public schools. He commenced, but did not complete, an apprenticeship in iron molding, and attended Washington and Jefferson College of Washington, Pennsylvania. He went on to teach school in Pennsylvania and Maryland. He studied law, was admitted to the Baltimore County bar in 1896, and practiced. He also served as member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1898 to 1900, and as counsel to the board of police commissioners of the city of Baltimore in 1899 and 1900.

paragraph: Schirm was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1903), but was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1902 to the Fifty-eighth Congress. He later served as delegate to the Bull Moose National Convention in 1912, and continued the practice of law in Baltimore, where he died. He is interred in Loudon Park Cemetery.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Charles Reginald Schirm

wikipedia_title: Charles Reginald Schirm


text: U.S. Representative

text: Kentucky

text: Hammonville

text: Hart County, Kentucky

text: Horse Cave

text: Leitchfield

text: Hartford, Kentucky

text: admitted to the bar

text: Hodgenville, Kentucky

text: LaRue County

text: State house of representatives

text: State senate

text: president pro tempore

text: Democrat

text: Fifty-fifth

text: impeachment

text: Charles Swayne

text: Hodgenville, Kentucky

text: Hodgenville, Kentucky

categories: Kentucky Democrats,1854 births,People from Hart County, Kentucky,Kentucky state senators,Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives,Kentucky lawyers,Members of the United States House of Representatives from Kentucky,Members of the Kentucky House of Representatives,1928 deaths

paragraph: David Highbaugh Smith

paragraph: David Highbaugh Smith (December 19, 1854 – December 17, 1928) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.

paragraph: Born near Hammonville, Hart County, Kentucky, Smith attended the public schools and the colleges at Horse Cave, Leitchfield, and Hartford, Kentucky.

paragraph: He studied law.

paragraph: He was admitted to the bar in 1876 and commenced practice in Hodgenville, Kentucky.

paragraph: Superintendent of common schools for LaRue County in 1878.

paragraph: County attorney for LaRue County 1878-1881.

paragraph: He served as member of the State house of representatives 1881-1883.

paragraph: He served in the State senate 1885-1893, and as president pro tempore 1891-1893.

paragraph: Smith was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fifth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1907).

paragraph: He was not a candidate for renomination in 1906.

paragraph: He was one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1905 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against Charles Swayne, judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida.

paragraph: He resumed the practice of law.

paragraph: He served as president of the Farmers' National Bank of Hodgenville, Kentucky.

paragraph: He died in Hodgenville, Kentucky, December 17, 1928.

paragraph: He was interred in Red Hill Cemetery.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: David Highbaugh Smith

wikipedia_title: David Highbaugh Smith


text: German

text: Jesuit

text: cardinal-deacon

text: San Nicola in Carcere

text: Pechbrunn

text: Kingdom of Bavaria

text: Regensburg

text: Valkenburg

text: Frankfurt am Main

text: University of Freiburg

text: Ulm

text: Eastern Front

text: Second Vatican Council

text: Wilhelm Kempf

text: Limburg

text: Lumen gentium

text: Cardinal Wojtyła

text: Gaudium et spes

text: Lumen gentium

text: Dei verbum

text: Dignitatis humanae

text: Unterhaching

text: ecumenism

text: Pro Oriente Institute

text: Oriental Orthodox Church

text: "Aloys Grillmeier"

categories: 1998 deaths,Jesuit cardinals,People from Tirschenreuth (district),German military personnel of World War II,German Jesuits,20th-century German Catholic theologians,Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II,1910 births,Systematic theologians,Participants in the Second Vatican Council,Burials in Bavaria,20th-century Jesuits

paragraph: Aloys Grillmeier

paragraph: Aloys Grillmeier (1 January 1910 – 13 September 1998) was a German Jesuit priest, theologian and cardinal-deacon of the Catholic Church. Pope John Paul II created him cardinal-deacon of San Nicola in Carcere on 26 November 1994.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Aloys (in German: "Alois") Grillmeier was born in Pechbrunn in the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1910 to Joseph Grillmeier and Maria Weidner. He entered the Jesuit Order in April 1929 after completing grammar school in Regensburg. He studied philosophy in Munich and theology in Valkenburg in the Netherlands. He was ordained priest on 24 June 1937 in the middle of further theological studies in Frankfurt am Main. After studying in Rome, he gained his doctorate in February 1942 from the University of Freiburg.

paragraph: Two days after the graduation ceremony Grillmeier was conscripted into the German army and trained as a medical orderly in Ulm. He was then sent to the Eastern Front where he treated the casualties of the bitter fighting against Soviet forces. He was released from further military service in April 1944 as a member of the Jesuits. Grillmeier then began a long teaching career in fundamental and dogmatic theology, most of which was spent as Professor of Dogmatics at the Sankt Georgen Graduate School of Philosophy and Theology (Frankfurt am Main), where the German Jesuits received their theological education.

paragraph: Grillmeier became known at the Second Vatican Council, where he acted as theological adviser to Bishop Wilhelm Kempf of Limburg. From 1963 to 1965 he was also on the theology commission of the Council itself. He had a particular input into the drafting of the document "Lumen gentium", the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church. It was here that he first met Cardinal Wojtyła and worked with him in writing various works, papers and documents including ""Gaudium et spes"", ""Lumen gentium"", ""Dei verbum"" and ""Dignitatis humanae"". He retired in 1978 on his 68th birthday, but continued to write and lecture.

paragraph: Grillmeier died on 13 September 1998 in Unterhaching, Bavaria, Germany.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Grillmeier was committed to ecumenism. In the 1970s he became an adviser to the Pro Oriente Institute in Vienna, which promoted contact with other Christian Churches, especially in the East, and he took part in several unofficial theological dialogues with the Oriental Orthodox Churches and was a member of the official dialogue commission Coptic Orthodox - Roman Catholic.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Grillmeier's written output – 12 major books and several hundred academic articles – is a part of his legacy. His magnum opus ""Christ in Christian Tradition"" looked at the development of Christology from early Christian times to the ninth century, drawing particularly on the traditions of the Eastern Christian Church. Volume one was published in 1965 (with a revised version in 1975) and volume two in 1987. In a rare event, the work was published in English before the original German. Grillmeier published expanded versions of the second volume in the 1990s in collaboration with Theresia Hainthaler.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- British ed.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary on Aloys Grillmeier, in "The Independent" https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-cardinal-alois-grillmeier-1176420.html

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.dailycatholic.org/issue/archives/1999May/88may5,vol.10,no.88txt/may5col.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Hierarchy.com: "Aloys Grillmeier"

paragraph: BULLET::::- For bibliography see https://www.sankt-georgen.de/lehrstuehlelehrende/verstorbene-mitglieder-des-lehrkoerpers/alois-kardinal-grillmeier-sj/.

description: Catholic theologian and Cardinal-deacon

wikidata_label: Aloys Grillmeier

wikipedia_title: Aloys Grillmeier


text: Freiherr

text: Karlsruhe

text: naturalist

text: jurisprudence

text: Freiherr

text: Cobán

text: Guatemala

text: Ignatz Urban

text: Hispaniola

text: John Donnell Smith

text: Tuerckheimia

text: Arecaceae

text: Zamia tuerckheimii

text: Canna tuerckheimii

categories: 1920 deaths,Botanists active in the Caribbean,1853 births,Botanists active in South America,German botanists

paragraph: Hans von Türckheim

paragraph: Hans Freiherr von Türckheim (May 27, 1853, Karlsruhe - February 7, 1920 also in Karlsruhe) was a German lawyer, naturalist and plant collector.

paragraph: Having completed his studies of jurisprudence, Baron ("Freiherr") Türckheim left Germany in 1877 and spent the following 30 years as coffee farmer and German consul in Cobán, Guatemala. He made extended botanical explorations of that country and after returning to Germany in 1908, he was asked by Ignatz Urban to undertake a botanical exploration of the mountains of then Santo Domingo (now Hispaniola), which he did in the years 1909-10.

paragraph: His Guatemalan collections were described by John Donnell Smith in his "Enumeratio Plantarum Guatemalensium", and his Hispaniolan plants were treated in Urban's "Symbolae Antillanae" Vol. VIII

paragraph: The genus "Tuerckheimia" (Arecaceae) as well as many plant species were named after him, for instance, "Zamia tuerckheimii" (a cycad from Guatemala) and "Canna tuerckheimii".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary ("Allgemeine botanische Zeitschrift für Systematik, Floristik, Pflanzengeographie etc" p. 33)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographical note by A. Knunker, "Gartenflora" 70:19-22. 1921 cited in "Botanical Abstracts" 10:235,1922 on GoogleBooks

description: German botanist

wikidata_label: Hans von Türckheim

wikipedia_title: Hans von Türckheim


text: Euston Hall

text: Thetford

text: Charles FitzRoy, 3rd Baron Southampton

text: Augustus FitzRoy, 7th Duke of Grafton

text: Sir Peter Warren

text: Schuyler family

text: Van Cortlandt family

text: British North America

text: Wellington

text: Royal Military College, Sandhurst

text: Royal Welch Fusiliers

text: Quetta

text: Pakistan

text: Great War

text: France

text: aide-de-camp

text: comptroller

text: Lord Buxton

text: Governor General of South Africa

text: Coney Weston

text: Suffolk

text: Langham

text: Rutland

text: Duke of Grafton

text: Euston Hall

text: Sydney Buxton, 1st Earl Buxton

text: Solomon Islands

text: Bury St Edmunds

categories: Dukes of Grafton,English people of Dutch descent,Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst,People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire,Schuyler family,1970 deaths,British Army personnel of World War I,House of Stuart,1892 births,FitzRoy family,Royal Welch Fusiliers officers

paragraph: Charles FitzRoy, 10th Duke of Grafton

paragraph: Charles Alfred Euston FitzRoy, 10th Duke of Grafton (4 June 1892 – 11 November 1970), known as Charles FitzRoy until 1936, was a British aristocrat, soldier, politician, and farmer.

paragraph: Section::::Background and education.

paragraph: He was born at Euston Hall near Thetford, the eldest son of the Reverend Lord Charles Edward FitzRoy and of his wife, Hon. Ismay FitzRoy, daughter of Charles FitzRoy, 3rd Baron Southampton. His paternal grandparents were Augustus FitzRoy, 7th Duke of Grafton, and Anna Balfour. Another ancestor, Anne Warren, was the daughter of Admiral Sir Peter Warren and a descendant of the Schuyler family, the Van Cortlandt family, and the Delancey family, all from British North America.

paragraph: He was educated at Wellington and then at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: In 1911, he joined the Royal Welch Fusiliers, who were stationed at Quetta in what is now Pakistan. In 1914, soon after the outbreak of the Great War, he went to France, and in 1917, he was appointed as aide-de-camp and comptroller to Lord Buxton, Governor General of South Africa. He remained in South Africa until 1920. In 1921, he retired from the army.

paragraph: Section::::Farming.

paragraph: He became a farmer at Coney Weston in Suffolk. From 1927 to 1936, he was land agent for his first wife's maternal uncle, Owen Hugh Smith, at Langham in Rutland. In 1936, he succeeded his cousin as Duke of Grafton and inherited the family estates based at Euston Hall.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He married, firstly, Lady Doreen Maria Josepha Sydney Buxton (29 November 1897 – 28 July 1923), daughter of his commanding officer Sydney Buxton, 1st Earl Buxton, and his wife, Mildred Anne Smith, on 24 January 1918. They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh Denis Charles FitzRoy, 11th Duke of Grafton (3 April 1919 – 7 April 2011).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Anne Mildred Ismay FitzRoy (born 7 August 1920), married Major Colin Dalzell Mackenzie and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Charles Oliver Edward FitzRoy (1923–1944), killed in action; unmarried.

paragraph: A year after his first wife's death, he married, secondly, Lucy Eleanor Barnes (25 December 1897 – 11 September 1943), daughter of Sir George Stapylton Barnes and of his wife, Sybil de Gournay Buxton. The ceremony took place on 6 October 1924. Lucy was the first cousin of Charles' first wife. They had two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Edward Anthony Charles FitzRoy (26 August 1928 – 25 November 2007), married Veronica Mary Ruttledge and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Michael Charles FitzRoy (1932–1954), died in the Solomon Islands (missing, presumed drowned).

paragraph: The year after his second wife's death, he married, thirdly, Rita Emily Carr-Ellison (24 October 1911 – 24 August 1970), daughter of John Ralph Carr-Ellison and of his wife, Alice Ursula Lang. The ceremony took place on 18 July 1944.

paragraph: He died at Bury St Edmunds on 11 November 1970.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Duke of Grafton, Soldier and Landowner", "The Times" (13 November 1970): 12.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Duke of Grafton, An Outstanding Agriculturalist", "The Times" (19 November 1970): 13.

description: British soldier, peer, and landowner

wikidata_label: Charles FitzRoy, 10th Duke of Grafton

wikipedia_title: Charles FitzRoy, 10th Duke of Grafton


text:
Sufi
Bagerhat
Bangladesh
Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah
Uzbek
Shait Gumbuj Mosque
Bengal
Timur
Sundarbans
Narail
Mosque city of Bagerhat
Bagerhat
Chittagong
Khulna
Shatgumbaj Mosque
Sixty Dome Mosque
Dhul Hijjah
Mongla
Bagerhat
Bagerhat
Mosque city of Bagerhat
Khan Jahan Ali Airport
Khan Jahan

categories: Year of birth unknown,1459 deaths,History of Islam in Bangladesh,People from Khulna

paragraph: Khan Jahan Ali

paragraph: Khan Jahan Ali () () d. ca. October 25, 1459, also known as Ulugh Khan and Khan-i-Azam, was an Muslim Sufi Saint and local ruler in Bagerhat (now in Bangladesh). The official title Khan-i-Azam signifies that he was an officer of the Bengal Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah I (1437– 1459). The word Ulugh before his name speaks of his Uzbek origin. It is believed that he built the great Shait Gumbuj Mosque.

paragraph: Khan Jahan, a noble under the Tughlaqs, seems to have come to Bengal just after the sack of Delhi (1398) by Timur. He acquired the forest area of the Sundarbans asjagir (fief) from the sultan of Delhi and subsequently from the sultan of Bengal. He cleared up the dense forest in the Sundarban area to set up human settlements.

paragraph: He ruled over an area called Khalifatabad stretching up to Naldi to the north of Narail.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: He founded some townships, built mosques, madrasahs and sarais, roads, highways and bridges, excavated a large number of dighis in the districts of greater Jessore and Khulna, that comprises the Mosque city of Bagerhat. Besides in his fortified metropolis of Khalifatabad (modern Bagerhat) he built three townships, such as Maruli Kasba, Paigram Kasba and Bara Bazar. He is said to have built a highway from Bagerhat to Chittagong, a long road from Samantasena to Badhkhali, and a road running from Shuvabara to Daulatpur in Khulna. The most notable of his architectural monuments are Shatgumbaj Mosque or the Sixty Dome Mosque at Bagerhat, Masjidkur Mosque and a single-domed mosque attached to his tomb. Of the large number of dighis and ponds excavated by him the most notable are the Khanjali Dighi (1450) near his tomb and Ghoradighi, measuring to the west of Shatgumbaj Mosque. Khan Jahan introduced a new architectural style in his buildings, which is named after him. The Khan Jahan style is seen in a group of buildings in the greater districts of Khulna, Jessore and Barisal.

paragraph: Khan Jahan died on 25 October 1459 (27 Dhul Hijjah 863 AH).

paragraph: A proposed airport in Mongla, Bagerhat is being named after him.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bagerhat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mosque city of Bagerhat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Khan Jahan Ali Airport

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Khan Jahan in Banglapedia

description: Bangladeshi saint

wikidata_label: Khan Jahan Ali

wikipedia_title: Khan Jahan Ali


text:
Kt
PC
Labour Party
United Kingdom
town clerk
Islington
Radley College
University of London
Associated British Picture Corporation
London County Council
1945 general election
Member of Parliament
Islington East
Conservative Party
Thelma Cazalet-Keir
Harold Wilson
first government
Minister without Portfolio
House of Commons
Lord Chancellor
Deputy Speaker
Church Assembly
University of London
Birkbeck College
London School of Economics
knighted
life peer
Islington
Greater London
Catalogue of the Fletcher papers
Archives Division
London School of Economics

categories: English Anglicans,Politics of the London Borough of Islington,English solicitors,Members of London County Council,UK MPs 1951–1955,UK MPs 1959–1964,Labour Party (UK) life peers,UK MPs 1945–1950,1990 deaths,People associated with Birkbeck, University of London,People associated with the London School of Economics,UK MPs 1964–1966,Deputy Speakers of the British House of Commons,UK MPs 1966–1970,Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,Alumni of the University of London,1903 births,Members of the Fabian Society Executive Committee,UK MPs 1950–1951,People educated at Radley College,20th-century British lawyers,UK MPs 1955–1959

paragraph: Eric Fletcher, Baron Fletcher

paragraph: Eric George Molyneux Fletcher, Baron Fletcher, Kt PC (26 March 1903 – 9 June 1990) was a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Fletcher was the son of a former town clerk of Islington. He studied at Radley College and the University of London and became a solicitor, specialising in international law. He was deputy chairman of the Associated British Picture Corporation.

paragraph: Section::::Political life.

paragraph: Fletcher was elected onto the London County Council for Islington South, serving 1934-49. At the 1945 general election, he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Islington East, defeating the Conservative Party feminist MP Thelma Cazalet-Keir. In Harold Wilson's first government, he served from 1964 to 1966 as Minister without Portfolio, House of Commons spokesman for the Lord Chancellor's Department and then Deputy Speaker.

paragraph: Fletcher also served as a member of the Church Assembly, 1962 and as a member of the Senate of the University of London and governor of Birkbeck College and the London School of Economics. He was knighted in 1964, And appointed to the Privy Council in 1967.

paragraph: On 9 July 1970, Fletcher was created a life peer as Baron Fletcher, of Islington in Greater London.

paragraph: Section::::Archives.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catalogue of the Fletcher papers at the Archives Division of the London School of Economics.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Eric Fletcher, Baron Fletcher

wikipedia_title: Eric Fletcher, Baron Fletcher


text:
Navajo Nation
Navajo Nation Council
Presidential Medal of Freedom
Lyndon B. Johnson
Indian Council Fire Achievement Award
Navajo Medal of Honor
University of New Mexico
National Women's Hall of Fame
Henry Chee Dodge
Sawmill, Arizona
Fort Defiance, Arizona
1918 Spanish influenza
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Lilly Neil
Annie Dodge Wauneka
Arizona Women's Hall of Fame

categories: Female Native American leaders,Navajo Nation politicians,1910 births,Native American women in politics,1997 deaths,Native American activists,Members of the Navajo Nation Council,20th-century Native Americans,People from Fort Defiance, Arizona

paragraph: Annie Dodge Wauneka

paragraph: Annie Dodge Wauneka (April 11, 1910 – November 10, 1997) was an influential member of the Navajo Nation as member of the Navajo Nation Council. As a member and three term head of the Council's Health and Welfare Committee, she worked to improve the health and education of the Navajo. She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963 by Lyndon B. Johnson as well as the Indian Council Fire Achievement Award and the Navajo Medal of Honor. She also received an honorary doctorate in Humanities (public health) from the University of New Mexico. In 2000, Wauneka was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Annie Dodge Wauneka was the daughter of the Navajo leader Henry Chee Dodge and his third wife Keehanabah or Mary Shirley Begaye of Deer Spring, Arizona. Keehanabah was forced to marry Chee and unwillingly lived with him, often returning to her family in the Deer Spring area. It was during this time Annie was born, approximately 2.5 miles (4 km) south of current day Sawmill, Arizona. Chee's first wife, Nanabah, raised Annie along with three other of Chee's children. Having been raised by her father, a successful rancher, Annie lived a privileged life for a Navajo girl of her time. Annie visited with her mother Keehanabah in later years, until her mother's' death in 1977. Annie also had a half sister and five half brothers. Annie maintained her relationship with her mother and her half sister and brothers throughout her life. She was sent to a boarding school in Fort Defiance, Arizona in 1918, at the age of 8 where she spoke and read English. During that first year at school the 1918 Spanish influenza epidemic struck the students and faculty. Annie recovered from a mild case of the flu and stayed at the school to help the school nurse care for the other student flu victims. This experience led to her later interest in public health.

paragraph: After that she was sent to an Indian school in Albuquerque, New Mexico where she completed grade eleven at the age of 19. She left school to marry George Wauneka, whom she had met in school.

paragraph: In 1951 she became the second woman to be elected to the Tribal Council, after Lilly Neil. She was immediately appointed head of the council's Health and Welfare Committee. She served in that committee for her 27 years in the Council and served as its head for three terms. In 1953 her husband was running for the position that Wauneka had been holding, but she felt he was not a good candidate, so she ran against him and defeated him.

paragraph: In 1960 Wauneka began hosting a biweekly radio show on KGAK in Gallup, New Mexico. The program, completely in Navajo, covered topics of interest to the Navajo Nation, as well as health information.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harrison Lapahie Jr. Annie Dodge Wauneka, 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nelson, Mary Caroll. "Annie Wauneka". Minneapolis, MN: Dillon, 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wauneka, Annie D. "The Dilemma for Indian Women." "Wassaja" 4 (September 1976): 8.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arizona Women's Hall of Fame

description: Navajo Nation activist

wikidata_label: Annie Dodge Wauneka

wikipedia_title: Annie Dodge Wauneka


text: golf course architect

text: Highgate

text: England

text: Charles Alison

text: John Morrison

text: Alister MacKenzie

text: Colt, Alison & Morrison Ltd

text: North America

text: South America

text: Europe

text: Australia

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: Denham Golf Club

text: St George's Hill

text: Sunningdale

text: Belfairs Golf Club

text: Swinley Forest

text: Stoke Park Club

text: Calcot Park

text: Goring and Streatley Golf Club

text: Wentworth Club

text: Sunningdale

text: Woodhall Spa

text: Muirfield

text: Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake

text: Royal Portrush

text: Open Championship

text: Canada

text: Hamilton Golf and Country Club

text: Toronto Golf Club

text: Barcelona Traction

text: Robert Trent Jones

text: Monkton Combe School

text: law degree

text: Clare College

text: Cambridge

text: Cambridge University Golf Club

text: Royal & Ancient Rules of Golf Committee

text: The Open Championship

text: The Amateur Championship

text: The Glasgow Herald, 8 May 1895, pg. 8.

text: Golf, June 1901, pg. 413.

text: Golf, July 1906, pg. 30.

text: The American Golfer, July 1909, pg. 11.

text: The Glasgow Herald, 2 June 1910, pg. 8.

text: The Glasgow Herald, 2 June 1911, pg. 9.

text: England–Scotland Amateur Match

text: Colt Association Official Site

text: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

text: Bath Golf Club Official Site

categories: Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge,1869 births,People from Highgate,People educated at Monkton Combe School,Golf course architects

paragraph: Harry Colt

paragraph: Henry Shapland "Harry" Colt (4 August 1869 – 21 November 1951) was a golf course architect born in Highgate, England. He worked predominantly with Charles Alison, John Morrison, and Alister MacKenzie, in 1928 forming Colt, Alison & Morrison Ltd. He participated in the design of over 300 golf courses (115 on his own) in North America, South America, Europe, Australia, Asia, and Africa. Colt's courses of note in the UK include: Tandridge Golf Club, Ladbrook Park Golf Club, Denham Golf Club, St George's Hill, Sunningdale (New course), Belfairs Golf Club, Rye, Blackmoor, Swinley Forest, Brancepeth Castle, Brokenhurst Manor, Camberley Heath, Stoke Park Club, Calcot Park, Goring and Streatley Golf Club, Grimsby Golf Club, Hendon Golf Club, Tyneside and the East & West Courses at Wentworth Club. He performed extensive redesigns of Sunningdale (Old course), Woodhall Spa, and of Muirfield, Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake, and Royal Portrush, three of the courses on the rota for the Open Championship. In Canada, his courses for the Hamilton Golf and Country Club and the Toronto Golf Club are highly respected. He also designed in 1914 the first Spanish course bigger than 4.300 yards, the Club de Golf Sant Cugat, promoted by the Barcelona Traction Light and Power Company Ltd. While it is often joked that "the sun never sets" on a course designed by architect Robert Trent Jones, this is actually true for the works of Colt and his collaborators.

paragraph: H.S Colt teamed up with George Crump in 1918 to design Pine Valley Golf Club, which is ranked the #1 Golf Course in the United States, as of April 2017. The classic Plum Hollow Country Club in Southfield, Michigan was designed by Colt and Alison in 1921. The course played host to the 1947 PGA Championship, the 1957 Western Open, and Ryder Cup Challenge Matches in 1943.

paragraph: Colt was educated at Monkton Combe School near Bath before taking a law degree at Clare College, Cambridge, where he captained the Cambridge University Golf Club in 1890.

paragraph: In 1897 he became a Founder Member of the Royal & Ancient Rules of Golf Committee.

paragraph: Section::::Results in major championships.

paragraph: Note: Colt played in only The Open Championship and The Amateur Championship.

paragraph: DNP = Did not play

paragraph: "T" indicates a tie for a place

paragraph: R128, R64, R32, R16, QF, SF = Round in which player lost in match play

paragraph: Yellow background for top-10

paragraph: Source for 1895 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 8 May 1895, pg. 8.

paragraph: Source for 1896 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 21 May 1896, pg. 11.

paragraph: Source for 1898 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 25 May 1898, pg. 10.

paragraph: Source for 1899 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 25 May 1899, pg. 11.

paragraph: Source for 1900 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 10 May 1900, pg. 13.

paragraph: Source for 1901 British Amateur: Golf, June 1901, pg. 413.

paragraph: Source for 1902 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 30 April 1902, pg. 10.

paragraph: Source for 1904 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 1 June 1904, pg. 11.

paragraph: Source for 1906 British Amateur: Golf, July 1906, pg. 30.

paragraph: Source for 1907 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 29 May 1907, pg. 12.

paragraph: Source for 1908 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 29 May 1908, pg. 14.

paragraph: Source for 1909 British Amateur: The American Golfer, July 1909, pg. 11.

paragraph: Source for 1910 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 2 June 1910, pg. 8.

paragraph: Source for 1911 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 2 June 1911, pg. 9.

paragraph: Source for 1912 British Amateur: The American Golfer, July 1912, pg. 198.

paragraph: Section::::Team appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- England–Scotland Amateur Match (representing England): 1908

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colt Association Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography article by Mark Pottle, ‘Colt, Henry Shapland [Harry] (1869–1951)’  accessed 2 March 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bath Golf Club Official Site

alias:
Henry Shapland Colt
Harry S. Colt
H. S. Colt

description: Golf course architect

wikidata_label: Harry Colt

wikipedia_title: Harry Colt


text:
Croatian
knez
Dalmatian Croatia
Pope
Byzantium
Croats
Franks
Siege of Trsat
Dalmatian Croatia
Carolingian Empire
Eric of Friuli
Pax Nicephori
baptismal font
Croatian
Christianity
Latin
John the Baptist

categories: 802 deaths,9th-century Croatian people,Dukes of Croatia,Year of birth unknown,8th-century rulers in Europe,Christian monarchs,9th-century rulers in Europe

paragraph: Višeslav of Croatia

paragraph: Višeslav was one of the first dukes (Croatian: "knez") in Dalmatian Croatia.

paragraph: He ruled with the support of the Pope and Byzantium. The Croats warred against the Franks during his rule and avoided defeat until 803, a year after his death. During the Siege of Trsat in the autumn of 799 between the defending forces of the Dalmatian Croatia under the leadership of Croatian duke Višeslav and the invading Frankish army of the Carolingian Empire, the Frankish commander Eric of Friuli was killed. Ultimately, his duchy did accept Frankish overlordship through the "Pax Nicephori".Višeslav left behind a baptismal font (Croatian: "Višeslavova krstionica"), surviving to this day, which remains an important symbol of early Croatian history and the people's conversion to Christianity. The inscription is in Latin and mentions the name of a priest named John ("Ivan") who baptized people during "the time of Duke Višeslav" in the honor of John the Baptist.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.croatia-in-english.com/images/maps/800s.jpg

description: Duke of Croatia

wikidata_label: Višeslav of Croatia

wikipedia_title: Višeslav of Croatia


text:
Basque
King of Pamplona
García Jiménez
Pamplona
Jiménez dynasty
Fortún Garcés
García Íñiguez
Pamplona
Fortún Garcés
Alfonso III of Asturias
Count of Pallars
Toda
Lubb ibn Muhammad
Galindo Aznárez
Muhammad al-Tawil
County of Aragon
Monzón
Lower Navarre
Nájera
San Martín de Albelda
Ebro
Villamayor de Monjardín
Jimeno Garcés
Sancho II of Pamplona
Toda Aznárez
Onneca Fortúnez
Fortún Garcés
Códice de Roda
García Sánchez I
King of Pamplona
Andregoto Galíndez
Count of Aragon
Galindo Aznárez II
Urraca Sánchez
Queen consort
Kingdom of León
Ramiro II of León
Alfonso IV of León
León
Ordoño II
Álvaro Herraméliz
count of Álava
Fernán González
count of Castile
Munio Vélaz
Count of Álava
Count of Bigorre
The Genealogy of the Kings of Spain

categories: House of Jiménez,10th-century monarchs in Europe,860s births,10th-century people from the Kingdom of Pamplona,Navarrese monarchs,925 deaths

paragraph: Sancho I of Pamplona

paragraph: Sancho Garcés I (Basque: "Antso Ia. Gartzez"; c. 860 – 10 December 925), also known as Sancho I, was King of Pamplona from 905 until 925. He was the son of García Jiménez and was the first king of Pamplona of the Jiménez dynasty. Sancho I was the feudal ruler of the Onsella valley, and expanded his power to all the neighboring territories. He was chosen to replace Fortún Garcés by the Pamplonese nobility in 905.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sancho Garcés was born around the year 860, son of García Jiménez and his second wife Dadildis de Pallars. Around the time of death of King García Íñiguez he ruled the Onsella valley in the western lands of the kingdom. He managed to take control of the city of Pamplona while Fortún Garcés was still king, aided by Alfonso III of Asturias and the Count of Pallars. Along with the Pamplonese nobility, they plotted to remove the king's children from the line of succession, which passed down to the king's granddaughter Toda, who was married to Sancho Garcés. He proclaimed himself King of Pamplona in 905.

paragraph: Throughout his reign, he involved himself in the squabbles among the Muslim lords to the south with repeated success. In 907, he turned on his former ally Lubb ibn Muhammad, killing him in battle. Four years later, another former ally, Galindo Aznárez, joined with his brother-in-law Muhammad al-Tawil and Abd Allah ibn Lubb ibn Qasi to attack Sancho, but they were defeated and neutralized as a threat. Al-Tawil fled and was killed shortly afterward, and the power of the Banu Qasi was severely crippled, while Galindo was forced into vassalage to Sancho, leading to the incorporation of the County of Aragon into the Pamplona kingdom. In 920, he teamed with Bernard I of Ribagorza and Amrus ibn Muhammed, son of Muhammad al-Tawil, to attack Banu Qasi-held Monzón. His successes allowed him to join the Lower Navarre to his own dominions and extend his territory as far as Nájera. As a thanksgiving offering for his victories, in 924 he founded the monastery of San Martín de Albelda.

paragraph: He died near the town of Resa, close to the Ebro river on 10 December, 925 and buried in Villamayor de Monjardín. His son, García, was only seven years old, so Sancho was succeeded by his brother, Jimeno Garcés.

paragraph: Sancho appears to have been the original king called by the byname "Abarca", though confusion among family members of the same name had led to it being instead applied to his grandson, Sancho II of Pamplona, by the 19th century. Sancho I gave rise to a dynasty that would rule several Iberian kingdoms, the last ruling until the 13th century, and the dynasty would be called the Banu Sanyo or the Banu Abarca by Al-Andalus scholars, denoting his role as founder.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Sancho Garcés was married to Toda Aznárez, daughter of the Count Aznar Sánchez and Onneca Fortúnez, herself being daughter of Fortún Garcés. According to the "Códice de Roda", they had one son, García, and five daughters all of whom except Orbita married either kings of León or counts:

paragraph: BULLET::::- García Sánchez I, King of Pamplona from 925 until 970, married first to Andregoto Galíndez, daughter of the Count of Aragon Galindo Aznárez II and later to Teresa Ramírez, daughter of Ramiro II of León.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Urraca Sánchez, Queen consort of the Kingdom of León from 931 until 951 after marrying Ramiro II of León.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oneca Sánchez, Queen consort of the Kingdom of León from 926 until 931 after marrying Alfonso IV of León.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sancha Sánchez (died between 949 and 963), was queen consort of León as the third wife of King Ordoño II. After the king's death in 924, she married Álvaro Herraméliz, count of Álava and then, after his death in 931, she became the wife of Fernán González, count of Castile, who also succeeded her second husband as count of Álava.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Velasquita Sánchez, married first to Munio Vélaz, Count of Álava, second to Galindo of Ribargoza and third to Fortún Galindez.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orbita Sánchez, nothing is known about her life.

paragraph: Out of wedlock, he had a daughter, Lupa Sánchez, who was married to Dato II, Count of Bigorre, with whom she had one son, Raymond I, Count of Bigorre (940–956).

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salas Merino, Vicente (2008) (in Spanish). La Genealogía de Los Reyes de España The Genealogy of the Kings of Spain (4th ed.). Madrid: Editorial Visión Libros. pp. 216–218. .

description: King of Pamplona

wikidata_label: Sancho I of Pamplona

wikipedia_title: Sancho I of Pamplona


text:
CE
Sahabi
Muhammad
Islam
Mecca
Battle of Badr
Abbasid Caliphate
Abd al-Muttalib
Nutayla bint Janab
Zamzam Well
spice-merchant
emigrated
Medina
Battle of Badr
Ibn Hisham
Tabari
fall of Mecca
Lubaba
Muhajirun
Battle of Hunayn
Siege of Ta'if
Tabuk
Lubaba bint al-Harith
Banu Hilal
second woman to convert to Islam
Khadijah
hadiths
Abu Lahab
Quraysh tribe
Qurayza
Al-Fadl
Abdullah
Jannatul Baqee'
Medina
Saudi Arabia
Abbasid
Abu al-`Abbās `Abdu'llāh as-Saffāh
caliph
Abdullah
Kalhora
Sindh
Berber
Banu Abbas
Bawazir
Yemen
Shaigiya
Ja'Alin
Sudan
Dhund Abbasi
Murree
Kahuta
Sahabah
Muhammad

categories: 568 births,Family of Muhammad,Banu Hashim,Male Sahabah,653 deaths,Converts to Islam

image: 512px-العبَّاس_بن_عبد_المُطلب.png

paragraph: Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

paragraph: Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (; –  CE) was paternal uncle and Sahabi (companion) of Muhammad, just three years older than his nephew. A wealthy merchant, during the early years of Islam he protected Muhammad while he was in Mecca, but only became a convert after the Battle of Badr in 624 CE (2 AH). His descendants founded the Abbasid Caliphate in 750.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Abbas, born in 568, was one of the youngest sons of Abd al-Muttalib. His mother was Nutayla bint Janab of the Namir tribe. After his father's death, he took over the Zamzam Well and the distributing of water to the pilgrims. He became a spice-merchant in Mecca, a trade that made him wealthy.

paragraph: Section::::Conversion to Islam.

paragraph: During the early years, while the Muslim religion was gaining adherents (610-622), Abbas provided protection to his kinsman but did not adopt the faith. He acted as a spokesman at the Second Pledge of Aqaba, but he was not among those who emigrated to Medina.

paragraph: Having fought on the side of the polytheists, Abbas was captured during the Battle of Badr. He was a large man while his captor, Abu'l-Yasar, was small. The Prophet asked Abu'l-Yasar how he had managed the capture, and he said he was assisted by a person whom he described and Muhammad identified as a noble angel. Muhammad allowed al-Abbas to ransom himself and his nephew.

paragraph: Ibn Hisham says that Abbas had become a secret Muslim before the Battle of Badr; but the clear statement is missing from Tabari's citation of the same source. It is sometimes said that he converted to Islam shortly after Badr.

paragraph: It is elsewhere implied that Abbas did not formally profess Islam until January 630, just before the fall of Mecca, twenty years after his wife Lubaba converted. Muhammad then named him "last of the migrants" (Muhajirun), which entitled him to the proceeds of the spoils of the war. He was given the right to provide Zamzam water to pilgrims, which right was passed down to his descendants.

paragraph: Abbas immediately joined Muhammad's army, participating in the Conquest of Mecca, the Battle of Hunayn and the Siege of Ta'if. He defended Muhammad at Hunayn when other warriors deserted him. After these military exploits, Abbas brought his family to live in Medina, where Muhammad frequently visited them and even proposed marriage to his daughter.

paragraph: Later Abbas fought in the expedition to Tabuk.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Abbas had at least five wives.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Lubaba bint al-Harith (Arabic: لبابة بنت الحارث), also known as Umm al-Fadl, was from the Banu Hilal tribe. Umm al-Fadl claimed to be the second woman to convert to Islam, the same day as her close friend Khadijah, the first wife of Muhammad. Umm al-Fadl's traditions of the Prophet appear in all canonical collections of hadiths. She showed her piety by supernumerary fasting and by attacking Abu Lahab, the enemy of the Muslims, with a tent pole.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Fatima bint Junayd, from the Al-Harith clan of the Quraysh tribe.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Hajila bint Jundub ibn Rabia, from the Hilal tribe.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Musliya, a Greek concubine.

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Tukana, a Jewish woman from the Qurayza tribe and a former concubine of Muhammad, whom Abbas married after 632. It is not known whether any of the children were hers.

paragraph: The known children of Abbas were:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Al-Faraa, who married Qatn ibn Al-Harith, a brother of Lubaba. Her mother is not named.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Al-Fadl.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Abdullah.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Ubaydullah. Ubaydullah's daughter Lubaba married al-Abbas ibn Ali and had Ubaydullah ibn al-Abbas ibn Ali, who is the famous Ubaydullah ibn al-Abbas.

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Quthum.

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Maabad.

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Abdulrahman.

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Umm Habib. These seven were all the offspring of Lubaba.

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Al-Harith. His mother is variously said to have been either Fatima or Hajila.

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Aown, whose mother is not named.

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Mushir, whose mother is not named.

paragraph: BULLET::::12. Kathir, son of Musliya.

paragraph: BULLET::::13. Amina, probably the daughter of Musliya.

paragraph: BULLET::::14. Safiya, probably the daughter of Musliya.

paragraph: BULLET::::15. Tammam, the youngest, son of Musliya.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Abbas died in February 653 at the age of 85. He is buried at the Jannatul Baqee' cemetery in Medina, Saudi Arabia.

paragraph: Section::::Descendants.

paragraph: The Abbasid dynasty founded in 750 by Abu al-`Abbās `Abdu'llāh as-Saffāh claimed the title of caliph (literally "successor") through their descent from Abbas's son Abdullah.

paragraph: Many other families claim direct descent from Abbas, including the Kalhora's of Sindh, the Berber Banu Abbas, and the modern-day Bawazir of Yemen and Shaigiya and Ja'Alin of Sudan. and Awan, Sararra Abbasi of Abbottabad (Union Council Kukmang, Patan, and Boi) and Mansehra, Dhund Abbasi & Jasgam of Murree & Kahuta Pakistan.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sahabah

paragraph: BULLET::::- Muhammad

description: paternal uncle of Muhammad

wikidata_label: Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

wikipedia_title: Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib


text: physician

text: William Shakespeare

text: Carlton, Bedfordshire

text: Queens' College, Cambridge

text: physician

text: France

text: Stratford-upon-Avon

text: Susanna

text: Elizabeth

text: Hall's Croft

text: New Place

text: Puritan

text: Consistory Court

text: case notes

text: Latin

text: The Herbal Bed

text: Peter Whelan

text: Liam Cunningham

text: Tom Hiddleston

text: BBC Four

text: ShakespeaRe-Told

text: Shakespeare and Queens'

categories: 1636 deaths,16th-century English medical doctors,Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge,17th-century English Puritans,People of the Elizabethan era,1575 births,People of the Stuart period,Shakespeare family,17th-century English medical doctors

paragraph: John Hall (physician)

paragraph: John Hall (1575 – 25 November 1635) was a physician and son-in-law of William Shakespeare.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born at Carlton, Bedfordshire and studied at Queens' College, Cambridge from 1589, receiving a B.A. in 1593 and a M.A. in 1597. He became a physician, although he did not hold an English medical degree; it has been speculated that he studied medicine in France.

paragraph: He established a practice in Stratford-upon-Avon, where he was the only doctor in the town. He married Shakespeare's daughter Susanna on 5 June 1607. They had one daughter, Elizabeth. Their home in Stratford, Hall's Croft, is now open to the public. After Shakespeare's death, they moved into his former house at New Place.

paragraph: Hall appears to have had a close relationship with his father-in-law, as they are recorded being in agreement over a local issue regarding enclosure in 1613. They are also known to have travelled together to London on business in 1614.

paragraph: Section::::Defamation case.

paragraph: Hall was a leading local Puritan. He had supported the Puritan vicar, Thomas Wilson, against whom there was much local opposition. In 1613, a member of the anti-Wilson faction, John Lane, defamed Susanna, claiming she had committed adultery with one Ralph Smith, a 35-year-old haberdasher, and had caught a venereal disease from Smith. On 15 July the Halls brought suit for slander against Lane in the Consistory Court at Worcester. Robert Whatcott, who three years later witnessed Shakespeare's will, testified for the Halls, but Lane failed to appear. Lane was found guilty and excommunicated. He was later involved in a riot to protest against Wilson.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: Hall prepared two notebooks of his case notes with the intention that they be published. They were purchased and translated from Latin by James Cooke (1614–1688), a surgeon. He published them in 1657, 22 years after Hall's death, as . The earliest case, in Stratford, dates from 1611, making it almost certain that Hall lived and worked in Stratford from at least the time of his marriage. The first notebook still survives, but the original manuscript of the second notebook has been lost.

paragraph: Section::::Portrayals.

paragraph: The slander case has been used as the subject of a play, "The Herbal Bed", by Peter Whelan. In the original production Hall was played by Liam Cunningham.

paragraph: He was portrayed by Tom Hiddleston in "A Waste of Shame: The Mystery of Shakespeare and His Sonnets", a TV film first broadcast on BBC Four on 22 November 2005 as part of a supporting programme for the BBC's ShakespeaRe-Told season.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shakespeare and Queens'

description: English physician and son-in-law of William Shakespeare

wikidata_label: John Hall

wikipedia_title: John Hall (physician)


text:
Abbasid
caliph
Al-Mahdi
Al-Mahdi
Al-Khayzuran
Baghdad
Husayn ibn Ali ibn Hasan
Medina
crushed the rebellion
Idris bin Abdallah
Wadih
Morocco
Idrisi state
Kharijite
Byzantine
al-Tabari
al-Tabari
Kitab al-'Uyun
Ibn Khaldun
Haditha
Harun al-Rashid
Al-Tabari
Al-Masudi

categories: 8th century in the Abbasid Caliphate,786 deaths,764 births,8th-century Abbasid caliphs

paragraph: Al-Hadi

paragraph: Abu Muhammad Musa ibn Mahdi al-Hadi () (born: 147 AH (764 AD); died: 170 AH (786 AD)) was the fourth Abbasid caliph who succeeded his father Al-Mahdi and ruled from 169 AH (785 AD) until his death in 170 AH (786 AD).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Al-Hadi was the eldest son of Al-Mahdi and Al-Khayzuran and like his father he was very open to the people of his empire and allowed citizens to visit him in the palace at Baghdad to address him. As such, he was considered an "enlightened ruler", and continued the progressive moves of his Abbasid predecessors.

paragraph: Section::::Caliphate.

paragraph: His short rule was wrought with numerous military conflicts. The revolt of Husayn ibn Ali ibn Hasan broke out when Husayn declared himself caliph in Medina. Al-Hadi crushed the rebellion and killed Husayn and many of his followers, but Idris bin Abdallah, a cousin of Husayn, escaped and aided by Wadih, Egyptian postal manager, reached Morocco where he founded the Idrisi state . Al-Hadi also crushed a Kharijite rebellion as well as faced a Byzantine invasion. However, the Byzantines were turned back, and the Abbasid armies actually seized some territory from them.

paragraph: Al-Hadi died in 786. al-Tabari notes varying accounts of this death, e.g. an abdominal ulcer or assassination prompted by al-Hadi's own step-mother. Al-Tabari (v. 30 p. 42f) notes al-Hadi's assertion of independence from his mother, his forbidding her further involvement in public affairs and his threatening Harun's succession. al-Tabari says others refer to al-Hadi's overtures to Harun. One account al-Tabari cites has al-Hadi attempting to poison his mother:

paragraph: The note on p. 42 of volume 30 of the SUNY translation of al-Tabari cites pp. 288–289 of the Kitab al-'Uyun for the possibility that al-Khayzuran feared al-Hadi would recover from his illness and thus had slave girls suffocate him. This note continues, "Certainly, his death appears as too opportune for so many people concerned that it should have been a natural one." The famous Muslim historian Ibn Khaldun discredited this claim.

paragraph: Al-Hadi moved his capital from Baghdad to Haditha shortly before his death.

paragraph: Al-Hadi was succeeded by his younger brother, Harun al-Rashid.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Tabari, volume XXX "The Abbasid Caliphate in Equilibrium," transl. C.E. Bosworth, SUNY, Albany, 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Masudi, The Meadows of Gold, The Abbasids, transl. Paul Lunde and Caroline Stone, Kegan Paul, London and New York, 1989

description: the fourth Abbasid caliph

wikidata_label: Al-Hadi

wikipedia_title: Al-Hadi


text: Polish

text: astronomer

text: stellar evolution

text: accretion disc

text: gamma ray burst

text: Vilnius

text: Lithuania

text: Polish literature

text: chose to leave for Poland

text: Kraków

text: Warsaw

text: Acta Astronomica

text: University of Warsaw

text: Stefan Piotrowski

text: Włodzimierz Zonn

text: Polish Academy of Sciences

text: United States

text: Caltech

text: Martial Law in Poland

text: Lyman Spitzer

text: Princeton University

text: Andrzej Udalski

text: All Sky Automated Survey

text: Grzegorz Pojmański

text: gravitational lens

text: microlensing

text: gamma-ray burst

text: stellar evolution

text: gravitational lensing

text: gravitational microlensing

text: variable stars

text: galactic structure

text: Royal Astronomical Society

text: Gold Medal

text: Eddington Medal

text: George Darwin Lectureship

text: doctor honoris causa

text: Wrocław University

text: Nicolaus Copernicus University

text: Toruń

text: Henry Norris Russell Lectureship

text: American Astronomical Society

text: brain cancer

text: Princeton, New Jersey

text: Karl Schwarzschild Medal

text: Astronomische Gesellschaft

text: Jurzykowski Prize

text: Eddington Medal

text: Heineman Prize

text: Henry Draper Medal

text: National Academy of Sciences

text: Bruno Rossi Prize

text: Bruce Medal

text: Henry Norris Russell Lectureship

text: Order of Polonia Restituta

text: Asteroid

text: 11755 Paczynski

text: ASAS-SN

text: Princeton University

text: Joachim Wambsganss

text: Yasushi Suto

text: Steven Balbus

text: Bohdan Paczynski's web page

categories: Deaths from brain tumor,Gravitational lensing,1940 births,Recipients of awards from the United States National Academy of Sciences,Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences,Princeton University faculty,University of Warsaw alumni,2007 deaths,Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society,Polish astronomers,Deaths from cancer in New Jersey,People from Vilnius

paragraph: Bohdan Paczyński

paragraph: Bohdan Paczyński or Bohdan Paczynski (8 February 1940 – 19 April 2007) was a Polish astronomer notable in the theory of the stellar evolution, accretion discs, and gamma ray bursts.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Paczyński was born on 8 February 1940 in Vilnius, Lithuania, to a lawyer and a teacher of Polish literature. In 1945 his family chose to leave for Poland and settled in Kraków, and then in 1949 in Warsaw. At the age of 18, Paczyński published his first scientific article in "Acta Astronomica". Between 1959 and 1962 he studied astronomy at the University of Warsaw. Two years later he received a doctorate under the tutelage of Stefan Piotrowski and Włodzimierz Zonn.

paragraph: In 1962 Paczyński became a member of the Centre of Astronomy of the Polish Academy of Sciences, where he continued to work for nearly 20 years. In 1974 he received habilitation and in 1979 became a professor. Thanks to his works on theoretical astronomy, at the age of 36 he became the youngest member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

paragraph: In 1981 Paczyński visited the United States, where he gave a series of lectures at Caltech to former interns at his Warsaw-based institute. After the introduction of the Martial Law in Poland he decided to stay abroad. He was the Lyman Spitzer Jr. Professor of Astrophysics at Princeton University.

paragraph: Paczyński was the initiator of Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE, led by Andrzej Udalski of Warsaw University Observatory) and All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS, created together with Grzegorz Pojmański).

paragraph: His new methods of discovering cosmic objects and measuring their mass by using gravitational lenses gained him international recognition, and he is acknowledged for coining the term "microlensing". He was also an early proponent of the idea that gamma-ray bursts are at cosmological distances.

paragraph: His research concentrated on stellar evolution, gravitational lensing and gravitational microlensing, variable stars, gamma-ray bursts, and galactic structure.

paragraph: In 1999, he became the first astronomer to receive all three major awards of the Royal Astronomical Society, by winning the Gold Medal, having won the Eddington Medal in 1987 and the George Darwin Lectureship in 1995.

paragraph: He was honoured with the title of doctor honoris causa by Wrocław University in Poland (on June 29, 2005) and Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń in Poland (on September 22, 2006).

paragraph: In January 2006 he was awarded Henry Norris Russell Lectureship of the American Astronomical Society, "for his highly original contributions to a wide variety of fields including advanced stellar evolution, the nature of gamma ray bursts, accretion in binary systems, gravitational lensing, and cosmology. His research has been distinguished by its creativity and breadth, as well as the stimulus it has provided to highly productive observational investigations".

paragraph: He died of brain cancer on April 19, 2007 in Princeton, New Jersey.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: Awards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karl Schwarzschild Medal of Astronomische Gesellschaft (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jurzykowski Prize (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eddington Medal (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heineman Prize (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prize of the Foundation for Polish Science (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Draper Medal of the National Academy of Sciences (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bruno Rossi Prize (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bruce Medal (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Norris Russell Lectureship (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta (2007)

paragraph: Named after him

paragraph: BULLET::::- Asteroid 11755 Paczynski

paragraph: BULLET::::- One of ASAS-SN telescopes, located in CTIO, Chile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bohdan Paczynski Visitor program, Princeton University. Past scholars include Joachim Wambsganss (2008), Yasushi Suto (2009), Steven Balbus (2010)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bohdan Paczynski's web page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bohdan Paczyński awarded with the title of doctor honoris causa by Wrocław University

description: Polish astronomer

wikidata_label: Bohdan Paczyński

wikipedia_title: Bohdan Paczyński


text:
mercenary
Holy Roman Empire
Swabia
dukes of Spoleto
Republic of Venice
Mastino II della Scala
Verona
Compagnia di San Giorgio
Lodrisio Visconti
battle of Parabiago
Republic of Pisa
Malatesta III Malatesta
Great Company
Tuscany
Umbria
Romagna
Francesco Ordelaffi
Papal States
Ferrantino Malatesta
Taddeo Pepoli
Obizzo III d'Este
Modena
Correggio
Ferrara
Germany
Louis I the Great
Naples
Louis, Prince of Taranto
Joan
Caetani
Fondi
Orsini
Supino
Anagni
Perugia
Papal States
Apulia
Voivoda of Transylvania
Stephen Laczkfy
Giovanni di Vico
Latium
Capua
Aversa
Kingdom of Naples
Forlì
Faenza
Galeazzo II Visconti
Mastino II della Scala
Fra' Moriale

categories: Condottieri,German mercenaries,People from Baden-Württemberg,1354 deaths,1308 births

paragraph: Werner von Urslingen

paragraph: Werner von Urslingen (called in Italian: Guarnieri d'Urslingen or Duca Guarnieri; c. 1308 – 1354) was a mercenary of German-speaking origins in the Holy Roman Empire. He is also known as Werner of Urslingen.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Werner was born at Irslingen, in Irslingen Swabia, a member of the family of the dukes of Urslingen, and probably a descendant of the dukes of Spoleto. In 1338 he fought for the Republic of Venice against Mastino II della Scala of Verona. After the end of that conflict he entered the Compagnia di San Giorgio, financed by the Veronese and led by Lodrisio Visconti, and took part in the battle of Parabiago.

paragraph: In 1342 Werner joined the service of the Republic of Pisa in its war against Florence, whose troops were led by Malatesta III Malatesta. After that war he collected a troop of adventurers under the name "Great Company", with which he plundered rural Tuscany, Umbria, and the Romagna. He supported Francesco Ordelaffi against the Papal States, and was bribed by his enemy, Malatestino Malatesta of Rimini, to help him in his feud with Ferrantino Malatesta. In 1343 Werner was hired by Taddeo Pepoli of Bologna for a very large sum, to fight against Obizzo III d'Este of Modena; but he switched to the Este side and went on to ravage several cities, including Correggio. His company was subsequently expelled from the Ferrara area, and Werner of Urslingen returned to Germany with some of his men.

paragraph: In 1347 he returned to the Italian peninsula and entered the service of Louis I the Great, king of Hungary and Poland, whom he assisted to obtain possession of Naples. Werner of Urslingen's troops defeated Louis, Prince of Taranto (Joan's husband) near Naples, and King Louis was able to enter the city; the following year, however, Werner was accused of collaboration with Joan, and arrested. After having been freed, he entered the service of the Caetani of Fondi with 3,000 men, to attack the Orsini at Supino. In 1348 he sacked and destroyed Anagni: this spurred Perugia and other communes to muster an army against him, and Werner, whose troops had also been struck by the plague, was forced to retreat. He then joined the service of the Papal States, for which he conquered several territories, and then that of Joan of Naples, whom he helped to return in Naples. In 1349, after a period of fighting in Apulia (of which he was named viceroy), he was ambushed by the Hungarian Voivoda of Transylvania, Stephen Laczkfy, and defeated. Werner then mustered an army of 3,000 Hungarian, German, and Neapolitan knights and 2,000 Lombard foot soldiers to counter-attack Stephen, defeating him before Naples.

paragraph: In 1350 he allied with Giovanni di Vico to ravage the Papal fiefs in northern Latium. In the same period he signed an agreement with Louis of Taranto to cede him Capua, Aversa, and other strongholds in the Kingdom of Naples. Werner subsequently fought for the lords of Forlì and Faenza against the papal legate, and, hired by Giacomo Pepoli of Bologna, helped him to regain his city, but not before sacking it. After Bologna was sold back to the Visconti, Werner besieged it, but was defeated by Galeazzo II Visconti's army.

paragraph: In 1351 his company was unable to find anyone to pay it, until he was hired by Mastino II della Scala and then by the Visconti. Later, he returned to Swabia, where he died in 1354. After his death, the leadership of the Grand Company went to Fra' Moriale.

paragraph: He is said to have worn a breastplate with the inscription "The enemy of God, of pity and of mercy."

description: German mercenary

wikidata_label: Werner von Urslingen

wikipedia_title: Werner von Urslingen