text: Kopřivnice

text: Moravia

text: Austria-Hungary

text: Prague

text: Czechoslovakia

text: Czech

text: palaeoart

text: palaeontological

text: Czechoslovakia

text: Robinson Crusoe

text: Tarzan of the Apes

text: Plutonia

text: palaeontology

text: palaeoanthropology

text: Josef Augusta

text: Zdeněk Špinar

text: invertebrate

text: fish

text: amphibians

text: reptiles

text: mammals

text: birds

text: Charles R. Knight

text: Stegosaurus

text: Brontotherium

text: Brontosaurus

text: Diplodocus

text: Barosaurus

text: Brachiosaurus

text: Tyrannosaurus rex

text: Trachodon

text: Charles R. Knight

text: Jurassic Park

text: Dimetrodon

text: Tylosaurus

text: Brachiosaurus

text: Diplodocus

text: Stegosaurus

text: Brontotherium

text: Arsinoitherium

text: Phororhacos

text: Archaeopteryx

text: Tarbosaurus

text: Brachiosaurus

text: Dvůr Králové Zoo

text: National Museum (Prague)

text: Brno

text: Karel Zeman

text: Cesta do pravěku

text: Soviet

text: Guest from the Future

text: Alan J. Charig

text: Tarbosaurus

text: video game

text: Ecco the Dolphin

text: Google Doodle

text: Burianosaurus augustai

text: Crescent Books

text: Gallery of 152 paintings

text: Gallery of 60 paintings

text: Zdenek Burian Museum

text: Zdenek Burian memorabilia

text: Zdenek Burian - Illustrations

categories: Czech illustrators,20th-century Czech painters,1905 births,1981 deaths,Paleoartists,People from Kopřivnice

paragraph: Zdeněk Burian

paragraph: Zdeněk Michael František Burian (February 11, 1905 in Kopřivnice, Moravia, Austria-Hungary – July 1, 1981 in Prague, Czechoslovakia) was a Czech painter, book illustrator and palaeoartist whose work played a central role in the development of palaeontological reconstruction. Originally recognised only in his native Czechoslovakia, Burian's fame later spread to an international audience during a remarkable career spanning six decades (1930s to 1980s). He is regarded by many as one of the most influential palaeoartists of the modern era, and a number of subsequent artists have attempted to emulate his style.

paragraph: Section::::Introduction.

paragraph: Burian was an extremely prolific artist whose works are estimated to number fifteen thousand paintings and drawings (ink pen and pencil). He illustrated many books (including natural history subjects and numerous classic novels such as "Robinson Crusoe", "Tarzan of the Apes", "Plutonia") and book covers, but it is within the fields of palaeontology and palaeoanthropology that Burian's influence has been most notable. Since the late 1950s and early 1960s when Burian's work became known in the west through a series of large-format books released by the Artia publishing house, numerous scholarly and popular books on prehistoric life have featured his work, either as originals or as art based closely on them.

paragraph: Section::::Early career and influence on palaeontology.

paragraph: Burian's first experience with prehistoric illustration was in the early 1930s, working on the fictional books set in various prehistoric times written by Eduard Štorch, an amateur archaeologist. These illustrations brought him to university palaeontologist Josef Augusta's attention. Burian worked in cooperation with Augusta from 1935 until Augusta's death in 1968. Subsequently, he worked with Zdeněk Špinar. He painted accurate and magnificent reconstructions representing all forms of prehistoric life from many parts of the globe, from the earliest invertebrates to a vast array of fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds, as well as panoramic vistas of the landscapes in which they lived. Close to 500 prehistoric images were painted by him between the early 1930s and 1981.

paragraph: Whilst some of Burian's earliest palaeo works depicting North American species were inspired by the pioneering American palaeo-artist Charles R. Knight (see for example, his first renditions of "Stegosaurus" and "Brontotherium"), partly because Burian lacked access to skeletal material for such reconstructions, Burian's work was less stylised and more convincing with respect to both the subjects and their landscapes, and soon became highly regarded amongst palaeontologists, especially in Europe. Previous palaeo-artists had often produced speculative works reflecting 19th-century views of large dinosaurs as lethargic reptiles akin to giant lizards with sprawling limbs, but Burian convincingly painted them as active animals with parasagittal (mammal or bird-like) limb-movement and musculature.

paragraph: Burian depicted the American sauropods "Brontosaurus" (1940), "Diplodocus" (1952 & 1965?), and "Barosaurus" walking on land in elephantine fashion, and his 1941 reconstruction of the East African sauropod "Brachiosaurus" (the only image showing the main subject in water) became one of the most reproduced dinosaur images in history. Although it is now considered unlikely that "Brachiosaurus" could have inhaled in deep water (unless it had a strengthened pleural cavity as do some whales), the reconstruction is remarkably realistic and was still being reproduced 60 years after it was painted.

paragraph: As with many of his works, Burian's sauropod reconstructions reached iconic status, with the celebrated palaeontologist William Elgin Swinton (1900–1994) noting: "The ideas as well as the pictorially beautiful restorations of Zdenek Burian, done under the direction of the late Joseph Augusta (1962), create a lasting impression that appears to be decisive. The Czechoslovakian experts have placed us all in their debt and the life-restorations of "Brontosaurus, Diplodocus" and "Brachiosaurus" provide debating points as well as aesthetic satisfaction" ("The Dinosaurs", 1970: 189).

paragraph: Another famous Burian painting (dated 1938) shows the dynamism of his work with a "Tyrannosaurus rex" rushing to attack one of a pair of startled duck-billed "Trachodon" as fleet-footed ornithomimids bound off in the distance. Following subsequent palaeontological evidence, the predator was later modified by adding skull protuberances and a stiffer tail. This painting is one of his few works that show dinosaurs in direct conflict.

paragraph: Many of Burian's early paintings appeared in a series of large format books with text by Augusta, the first of which, "Prehistoric Animals", was originally published in Czechoslovakia by Artia (1956) and later in many other countries including Italy, France, Germany, England and Japan. The late S.J. Gould, who was an enthusiast of the work of Charles R. Knight, described it as one of the 20th Century's three most influential visual books on prehistory (many would argue that it was the most influential), and it was followed by a series of other landmark titles: "Prehistoric Birds & Reptiles, Prehistoric Sea Monsters, The Book of Mammoths", and "Prehistoric Man", all of which became famous and collectable in their own right. The influence of Burian's work is clearly discernible in many later films depicting dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals, right up to the Jurassic Park series.

paragraph: Section::::Artistic style.

paragraph: Although Burian's reconstructions of extinct life are very convincing, his often-reproduced dinosaur reconstructions were all the more remarkable in that he did not have access to skeletal material, but rather depended largely on drawings and photographs provided by his collaborators Augusta and Špinar (although Czechoslovakia had a notable history of palaeontological research, it lacked dinosaur fossils). In many cases, he undertook anatomical reconstructions of his subjects before depicting life restorations, and sometimes painted more than one version of an animal (particularly if the first version had been painted in black and white), examples being "Dimetrodon", "Tylosaurus", "Brachiosaurus", "Diplodocus", "Stegosaurus", "Brontotherium", "Arsinoitherium", "Phororhacos", "Archaeopteryx" amongst others.

paragraph: Many of Burian's early works were accompanied by text from Augusta (often in an almost story-book fashion) and it is within this context and time frame (1940s to 1968) that Burian produced his most memorable and famous works which were used as educational aids in schools across Czechoslovakia to show the succession of life on Earth. His style reflected a classic, almost romantic imagery that rarely showed animals fighting or preying on each other (although some paintings did show carnivores with their prey, they were generally depicted either before the confrontation or after the prey had been dispatched). Two years after Augusta's death, Burian painted what is regarded as his last classic image, the famous 'heroic' "Tarbosaurus bataar" of Mongolia (an image that was also widely reproduced and copied).

paragraph: Following Augusta's death, conditions were increasingly placed on Burian's artistic licence and the scientific detail of what he painted, whilst he was also being asked to depict different species within the same scenes but as individual, non-interacting animals as in a montage. Given his background as a novel/action-scene illustrator, and the close collaboration with Augusta the 'story-teller', Burian viewed the subjects of his paintings as very real animals (as would a natural history artist), and the new restrictions did not sit well with him. An example of how his work was compromised is evident in another version of "Brachiosaurus" that he painted in his later years under the direction of Vratislav Mazak; the animal, now shown on dry land, appears oddly out of proportion and fails to compare to the celebrated 1941 version. In his later years, Burian was in demand by publishers requesting bland, catalogue-like stand-alone prehistoric animal images as illustrations for reference books, a style that Burian neither favoured nor excelled at.

paragraph: Burian's works, which vary in size from A4 to several square metres, were mostly executed in oils, both in colour and black and white, and exhibit keen attention to detail and unmistakable realism whilst maintaining a strong sense of atmosphere. Whilst his style was very traditional, it was combined with a dynamism that represented a break with the often staid palaeo-reconstructions of previous artists. A feature of many of the paintings, and one that is missing from the work of other palaeo artists, is the realistic effect of movement and action which was achieved not only by the dynamic positions of the subjects, but by a clever blurring of the edges of moving objects (such as the tips of waves or palm fronds in the wind) to produce a clever effect of photo-realism. It has often been noted that Burian's renditions appear to have been painted from life, so close is the perceived association between the subject and its environment. This is perhaps not surprising given that Burian was already well accomplished at painting natural history subjects before he began painting prehistoric scenes.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Many Burian paintings have become celebrated images of palaeontology and palaeoanthropology, especially the frequently reproduced images of Mesozoic reptiles (pterosaurs, dinosaurs, mosasaurs and plesiosaurs) whilst his evocative depictions of proboscideans, Ice Age mammals, and a remarkable series of paintings of early hominids through to modern man are without equal. He also painted extant native peoples of the world, including those of Africa, South America and the South Pacific. Original Burian paintings are on exhibit at Dvůr Králové Zoo (especially his large oil canvas), at the National Museum (Prague) and at the Anthropos Museum in Brno (particularly his anthropological reconstructions).

paragraph: Initially released by Czech publishers followed by western publishers Paul Hamlyn and Thames & Hudson with translated texts, Burian's work was later widely reproduced (often as teaching material) by European and American authors (including Edwin Colbert). Images based on his paintings have featured on postage stamps issued by many countries, and the pioneering director/animator Karel Zeman used Burian paintings as guides to produce 2-D and 3-D animated models for his 1955 landmark feature film "Cesta do pravěku" (released in altered format in the US as "Journey to the Beginning of Time"). The 1985 Soviet mini-series "Guest from the Future" employed Burian's artwork in a scene where robot Werther compares young boy Kolya to various life forms in order to ascertain his identity.

paragraph: Burian's work has probably inspired more imitators in the field of palaeo-reconstruction than any other artist, and his prehistoric paintings have frequently been copied, and not always with acknowledgement. A notable case is "A New Look at the Dinosaurs", by Alan J. Charig (1979), British Museum Natural History, which featured thinly-disguised ink copies of Burian paintings inversed as mirror images. Numerous other examples include many Adèle Blanc-sec comic strips which depict dinosaurs closely resembling Burian's work (e.g. the "Tarbosaurus" [tome 2] and the pterodactyl of 'Adèle and the Beast'), the 1992 video game "Ecco the Dolphin" which features in-game artwork inspired by Burian and recreated in pixels by Zsolt Balogh, and the hunting game series "Carnivores" containing creatures influenced by Burian's art.

paragraph: In 2015, Google Doodle commemorated his 110th birthday.

paragraph: In 2017, the first valid Czech dinosaur was named "Burianosaurus augustai", honouring both Burian and Josef Augusta.

paragraph: Section::::Partial bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Life before Man" Zdeněk V. Špinar, illustrated by Burian. Prague: Artia, 1972. Reprinted by Crescent Books, 1981.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gallery of 31 paintings with descriptions

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gallery of 152 paintings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gallery of 60 paintings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zdenek Burian Museum (Czech)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zdenek Burian memorabilia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zdenek Burian - Illustrations

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zdeněk Burian - Upper Paleolithic large color images

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zdeněk Burian - Middle Paleolithic large color images

alias:
Zdenek Burian
Zdenek Michael Frantisek Burian

description: Czech illustrator, painter and biological illustrator

wikidata_label: Zdeněk Burian

wikipedia_title: Zdeněk Burian


text:
German
World War I
flying ace
Wurzen
Kingdom of Saxony
German Empire
Iron Cross
Luftstreitkräfte
Jasta 5
Albert Order
observation balloon
Military Order of St. Henry
Norman Franks
Kurt Schneider at The Aerodrome Forum

categories: People from Wurzen,1888 births,1917 deaths,Aviators killed by being shot down,German World War I flying aces,Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class,German military personnel killed in World War I

paragraph: Kurt Schneider (aviator)

paragraph: Leutnant Kurt Schneider (4 October 1888 – 14 July 1917) was a German World War I flying ace credited with 15 aerial victories.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Kurt Schneider was born in Wurzen, Kingdom of Saxony, the German Empire on 4 October 1888. He began his World War I military service in Germany's land forces, winning an Iron Cross Second Class on 15 March 1915. Later in 1915 he joined the "Luftstreitkräfte" and was a founding member of "Jasta 5" upon its establishment in August 1916. Schneider's exploits earned him an Albert Order on 13 January 1917.

paragraph: He scored his first aerial victory on 17 March 1917; by 29 April his tally was at 12, including three observation balloons. He ascended to temporary command of the squadron on 6 May 1917. By the time he was wounded and forced to land on 5 June, his victory total was 15 confirmed, and one unverified. After his return to action, he was again forced to land with wounds on 14 July 1917. He did not survive. He was awarded the Military Order of St. Henry ten days after his death.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norman Franks, Frank W. Bailey, Russell Guest. "Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918". Grub Street, 1993. , .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kurt Schneider at The Aerodrome Forum

description: German flying ace

wikidata_label: Kurt Schneider

wikipedia_title: Kurt Schneider (aviator)


text:
Emperor Kōnin
Shimotsuke Province
kami
Bizen Province
Udaijin
Dazaifu
Usa no Ikemori
Ōga no Tamaro
Yamato
Nagaoka
Heian-kyō
Kyōto
10-yen notes
Eliot, Charles
George Bailey Sansom
OCLC 236338
Hall, John Whitney
Ponsonby-Fane, Richard
Teeuwen, Mark
Fabio Rambelli
OCLC 610544145

categories: 733 births,Japanese Buddhists,799 deaths,People of Nara-period Japan

paragraph: Wake no Kiyomaro

paragraph: The following year, however, Empress Shōtoku died. She was succeeded by Emperor Kōnin, who in turn exiled Dōkyō to Shimotsuke Province and not only recalled Wake no Kiyomaro from exile, but also appointed him as both "kami" (governor) of Bizen Province and "Udaijin" (junior minister of state). The following year, he petitioned the governor of Dazaifu to send officials to Usa to investigate allegations of "fraudulent oracles"; in his later report, Wake no Kiyomaro stated that out of five oracles checked, two were found to be fabricated. This resulted in the government relieving Usa no Ikemori of his position as head priest and replacing him with the previously-disgraced Ōga no Tamaro. Following this, Wake no Kiyomaro returned to Yamato. He remained a trusted advisor to Emperor Kammu; in the spring of 793, he convinced the emperor to abandon the delay-plagued construction of a capital at Nagaoka and instead seek another location to the northeast, at Heian-kyō (modern-day Kyōto.

paragraph: His face appeared on 10-yen notes issued from 1888.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eliot, Charles, Harold G Parlett, George Bailey Sansom. (1935). "Japanese Buddhism." London: Routledge. OCLC 236338

paragraph: BULLET::::- Groner, Paul (2000). "Saicho: The Establishment of the Japanese Tendai School." Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hall, John Whitney. (1988). "The Cambridge History of Japan." Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). "Sovereiegn and Subject." Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Teeuwen, Mark and Fabio Rambelli (2003). "Buddhas and Kami in Japan: Honji Suijaku As a Combinatory Paradigm." London: Routledge. ; OCLC 610544145

description: Japanese official

wikidata_label: Wake no Kiyomaro

wikipedia_title: Wake no Kiyomaro


text:
Minamoto no Yoritomo
Hiraizumi
Fujiwara no Yasuhira
Benkei
seppuku
sake
wolves

categories: 1120s births,People of Heian-period Japan,People from Iwate Prefecture,People of Kamakura-period Japan,Ōshu-Fujiwara clan,1187 deaths

paragraph: Fujiwara no Hidehira

paragraph: Later, when Yoshitsune incurred his brother Minamoto no Yoritomo's wrath, he returned to Hiraizumi, and lived undisturbed for a time. Yoshitsune was still Hidehira's guest when the latter died in 1187. Hidehira had his son, Fujiwara no Yasuhira, promise to continue to shelter Yoshitune and his retainer Benkei, but Yasuhira gave in to Yoritomo and surrounded the castle with his troops, forcing Yoshitsune to commit seppuku and resulting in the famous standing death of Benkei. Yasuhira then had Yoshitsune's head preserved in a jar of sake and sent to Yoritomo. This did nothing to appease him, and Yoritomo destroyed the Fujiwara domain and killed Yasuhira, son of Hidehira in 1189.

paragraph: According to legend Hidehira was raised by wolves.

description: Third ruler of Northern Fujiwara

wikidata_label: Fujiwara no Hidehira

wikipedia_title: Fujiwara no Hidehira


text:
Boulogne-sur-Seine
Henri Berthelier
Conservatoire de Paris
Giovanni Battista Guadagnini
the Proms
Henry Wood
Camille Decreus
Emma Calvé
World War I
Legion of Honour
Carnegie Hall
Aeolian Hall
Town Hall
Metropolitan Opera House
Maud Powell
koto
Michio Miyagi
BBC Orchestra
Abilene, Texas

wikipedia_title:
Boulogne-Billancourt
Henri Berthelier
Conservatoire de Paris
Giovanni Battista Guadagnini
The Proms
Henry Wood
Camille Decreus
Emma Calvé
World War I
Legion of Honour
Carnegie Hall
Aeolian Hall (Manhattan)
The Town Hall (New York City)
Metropolitan Opera House (39th Street)
Maud Powell
Koto (instrument)
Michio Miyagi
BBC Orchestras and Singers
Abilene, Texas

paragraph: Renée Chemet

paragraph: Renée Chemet (January 9, 1887 – January 2, 1977) was a French violinist.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Renée Henriette Joséphine Chemet was born in Boulogne-sur-Seine. She studied with Henri Berthelier at the Conservatoire de Paris, graduating in 1902.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Chemet toured the world as a violinist for decades, playing a violin made by Giovanni Battista Guadagnini. In 1904, still a teenager, she was a soloist at the Proms concerts in London, under conductor Henry Wood. In 1907, she toured North America as a violinist with her husband, pianist Camille Decreus, in the company of Emma Calvé. "Madame Chemet is a violinist of great talent", explained a reviewer who heard her in Hamburg in 1911, "with great skill, splendid technique, and big (rather manly) tone. Her style of playing is eminently French; she sometimes overdoes it by forcing sentiment and cantilène."

paragraph: During World War I, when travel was difficult, she gave benefit concerts and performed for the troops in France, and worked as a nurse's aide; she was awarded the Legion of Honour for her service.

paragraph: After the war, Chemet was a soloist in Liverpool, Birmingham, Nottingham, Bradford, Cardiff, Edinburgh, and Glasgow in 1920. In New York, she played at Carnegie Hall in 1921, at Aeolian Hall in 1923, Town Hall in 1927, and at the Metropolitan Opera House in 1925 and 1928. Throughout the 1920s, she made many recordings, and appeared regularly on radio. "Radio paves the way," she told a "New York Times" interviewer in 1930. "It popularizes tunes, the great symphony orchestras, the talented singers and instrumental soloists that would be ignored without this medium." She played Maud Powell's violin on the radio in New York in 1925.

paragraph: Chenet traveled through Hawaii to Japan in 1932, to perform with pianist Anca Seidlova and koto player Michio Miyagi. Later that year, she performed with the BBC Orchestra.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Chemet married fellow French musician Camille Decreus in 1906. He died in 1939. She died in 1977, a week before her 90th birthday, in Paris.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A 1909 portrait of Chemet with her violin, in the J. Willis Sayre Collection of Theatrical Photographs, University of Washington Libraries.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Renée Chemet recital program (1929), from an appearance at McMurry College in Abilene, Texas, in "The Portal to Texas History".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emily Liz, "Great female violinists of the past" "Violinist.com" (December 27, 2010). A blog post including Chemet.

description: French violinist

wikidata_label: Renée Chemet

wikipedia_title: Renée Chemet


text:
modernist
Sassari
Sardinia
Ignazio Villa
Rome
depression
Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma
Giacomo Balla
Gino Severini
Umberto Boccioni
Divisionist
Expressionist
Futurism
tempera
World War I
metaphysical painting
Giorgio de Chirico
Carlo Carrà
Novecento Italiano
return to order
Turin
neoclassicism
Picasso
Georges Rouault
Mussolini
Fascist
Gothic cathedral
mural
Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution
World War II
Milan
WPA
Centre Georges Pompidou
Royal Academy
Palazzo Massari, Ferrara
Galleria Civica di Modena
Museo del Novecento
Pinacoteca di Brera
Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna, Rome
Revoltella Museum
Ca' Pesaro
Guggenheim Collection
Neue Nationalgalerie
Tate Gallery
Musée National d'Art Moderne
Vatican Museums
Kunsthaus Zürich

categories: 1885 births,Italian male painters,Italian fascists,People from Sassari,20th-century Italian painters,Italian artists,Italian muralists,1961 deaths

paragraph: Mario Sironi

paragraph: Mario Sironi (May 12, 1885 – August 13, 1961) was an Italian modernist artist who was active as a painter, sculptor, illustrator, and designer. His typically somber paintings are characterized by massive, immobile forms.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Sassari on the island of Sardinia. His father was an engineer; his maternal grandfather was the architect and sculptor Ignazio Villa. Sironi spent his childhood in Rome. He embarked on the study of engineering at the University of Rome but quit after a nervous breakdown in 1903, one of many severe depressions that would recur throughout his life. Thereafter he decided to study painting, and began attending the Scuola Libera del Nudo of the Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma. There he met Giacomo Balla, who became "his first real teacher". Sironi returned to Milan in 1905 before traveling to Paris in 1906. Like his friends Gino Severini and Umberto Boccioni, he began painting in a Divisionist style under the guidance of Balla. Sironi's works from this period include self-portraits and portraits of his family.

paragraph: He saw Expressionist works during visits to Germany between 1908 and 1911, but mainly stayed in Rome from 1909 to 1914. By 1913, Balla, Boccioni and Severini had developed a new style—Futurism—which Sironi also adopted for a brief time, although his work showed little of the characteristic Futurist exaltation of speed and modernity. In 1914 he exhibited with the Futurists at the Galleria Sprovieri in Rome. Works from this period include several abstract tempera paintings entitled "Composizione futurista" (1915), a series of paintings of airplanes in tempera or tempera with collage, and several paintings of lone cyclists or motorcyclists.

paragraph: Sironi served in World War I as a member of the Lombard Volunteer Cyclists and Drivers. After the war, he abandoned Futurism and developed a style that emphasized massive, immobile forms. In paintings such as "La Lampada" of 1919 (Pinateca di Brera, Milan), mannequins substitute for figures, as in the metaphysical paintings of Giorgio de Chirico and Carlo Carrà. In 1922, Sironi was one of the founders of the Novecento Italiano movement, which was part of the return to order in European art during the post-war period. Paintings such as "Venere" of 1921–1923 (Galleria Civica d'Arte Moderna, Turin) and "Solitudine" ("Solitude", 1925; Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna, Rome), with their contained, geometric forms, bear some kinship to the neoclassicism evident in works produced at the same time by Picasso.

paragraph: In the late 1920s, Sironi painted monumental figures of nudes, peasants, and family groupings in bare, mountainous landscapes. In these works—described by Fabio Benzi as "marked by a sense of humanity burdened with history ... [and] an almost Romanesque spirit of a solemn expressionism"—the pure forms of Sironi's earlier work were replaced by a primitivist form of classicism, and his style became more painterly. In paintings of fishermen at work or drinkers in cafés, he adopted a deliberately ungainly style similar to that of Georges Rouault.

paragraph: A supporter of Mussolini, Sironi contributed a large number of cartoons—over 1700 in all—to "Il Popolo d'Italia" and "La Rivista Illustrata del Popola d'Italia", the Fascist newspapers. Rejecting the art market and the concept of the easel painting, he became committed to the ideal of a fusion of decoration and architecture, as exemplified by Gothic cathedrals. He felt that the mural was the proper basis of a popular national art. The state commissioned from him several large-scale decorative works in the 1930s, such as the mural "L'Italia fra le arti e le scienze (Italy Between the Arts and Sciences)" of 1935, and he also contributed to the Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution in 1932. Although his esthetic of brutal monumentality represented the dominant style of Italian Fascism, his work was attacked by right-wing critics for its lack of overt ideological content.

paragraph: As an artist closely identified with Fascism, Sironi's reputation declined dramatically in the post-World War II period. Embittered by the course of events, he had returned to easel painting in 1943, and worked in relative isolation. His withdrawal from society increased after the death of his daughter Rossana by suicide in 1948. The paintings of his later years sometimes approach abstraction, resembling assemblages of archaeological fragments, or juxtaposed sketches. He continued working until shortly before his death on August 13, 1961, in Milan.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: During his lifetime Sironi exhibited internationally. It is possible that the cellular style of his compositions exhibited in the US during the 1930s influenced WPA muralists. In the postwar years, Sironi fell from favor due to his earlier association with Fascism, and was accorded little attention from art historians. A revival of interest in Sironi's work began in the 1980s, when his work was featured in major exhibitions, notably "Les Réalismes" at the Centre Georges Pompidou (1981) and "Italian Art in the Twentieth Century" at the Royal Academy, London (1989).

paragraph: Public collections holding works by Sironi include Galleria Civica d'Arte Moderna in the Palazzo Massari, Ferrara; Galleria Civica di Modena in Palazzo Santa Margherita; Civico Museo d'Arte Contemporanea, Milan; Museo del Novecento, Milan; Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan; Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna, Rome; Revoltella Museum, Trieste; Ca' Pesaro, Venice; Guggenheim Collection, Venice; Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin; Tate Gallery, London; the Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris; the Vatican Museums; and the Kunsthaus Zürich, Zurich.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baldacci, P., Benzi, F., Sironi, A., Sironi, M., & Galleria Philippe Daverio (Milan, Italy). (1989). "Mario Sironi". Milano: P. Daverio.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Braun, Emily. "Sironi, Mario". "Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online". Oxford University Press. Web.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cowling, Elizabeth; Mundy, Jennifer (1990). "On Classic Ground: Picasso, Léger, de Chirico and the New Classicism 1910-1930". London: Tate Gallery.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sironi, Mario, and Claudia Gian Ferrari. (2002). "Sironi: opere 1919-1959 = works 1919-1959". Milano: Charta.

description: Italian artist

wikidata_label: Mario Sironi

wikipedia_title: Mario Sironi


text:
Villadossola
Verona
blues
guitar
Lucerne
Switzerland
Brian Auger
John Mayall
Robben Ford
Peter Green
EMI
Sony Music
Rudy Rotta.com

categories: Italian blues musicians,2017 deaths,1950 births,Italian musicians

paragraph: Rudy Rotta

paragraph: Rudy Rotta (Villadossola, 14 October 1950 – Verona, 3 July 2017) was a Swiss-Italian blues guitarist and vocalist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Rodolfo "Rudy" Rotta was born in Villadossola, Italy, in 1950, and grew up in Lucerne, Switzerland where his family emigrated. He started playing guitar and performing in Switzerland at the age of 14, but eventually returned to Verona, where he founded the Rudy's Blues Band. Over his career, he played with a number of well-known blues artists including Brian Auger, John Mayall, Robben Ford and Peter Green. Rotta died on 3 July 2017 in Verona after an illness.

paragraph: Section::::Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 - "Reason to Live" 1990 Alabianca - EMI (1991 EMI / Toshiba Japan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 - "Diabolic Live" Hot Fok`s / In-Akustic – CD

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 - "Blues Greatest Hits" Hot Fok`s / In-Akustic – CD registered in Chicago

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 - "So di Blues" Rossodisera / Sony Music – CD

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 - "Live in Kansas City" Acoustic Music Records- CD

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 - "Loner and Goner" Alabianca / EMI – CD

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 - "Real Live" LMJ – Vinyl

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - "Blurred" Acoustic Music Records - CD

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - "Montreux Festival" 'with other artists - CD

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - "The Beatles in Blues" Azzurra Music – CD

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 - "Some of My Favorite Songs" Pepper Cake-ZYX - CD

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 - "Springtime Blues" with other artists – CD

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - "Captured Live with Brian Auger" Pepper Cake-ZYX – CD

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - "Winds of Louisiana" Pepper Cake-ZYX - CD registered in New Orleans

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - "Blue Inside" Pepper Cake-ZYX - CD registrato in studio ad Imola (Italy), e live a Winterthur (CH) e Castelfranco Emilia (Modena Italy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 - "Me, My Music and My Life" Pepper Cake-ZYX - CD

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rudy Rotta.com

description: Italian musician

wikidata_label: Rudy Rotta

wikipedia_title: Rudy Rotta


text:
Hittites
Telepinu Proclamation
cup-bearer
Mursili I
Ḫarapšili
Zidanta
assassinated
succeeded
reign
militaristic
Syria
Carchemish
military campaign
Hurrians
Hattusa
capital
Tegarama
Turkish
Gürün
gods
justice
blood
Ḫarapšili
Ammuna
History of the Hittites
List of Hittite kings
Reign of Hantili I

paragraph: Hantili I

paragraph: Hantili I was a king of the Hittites during the Hittite Old Kingdom. His reign lasted for 30 years, from c. 1526-1496 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Rise to power.

paragraph: According to the Telepinu Proclamation, Hantili was the royal cup-bearer to Mursili I, king of the Hittites. Hantili was married to Ḫarapšili, Mursili’s sister. Around the year 1526 B.C., Hantili, with the help of Zidanta, his son-in-law, assassinated Mursili. Afterwards, Hantili succeeded him as king of the Hittites.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Reign.

paragraph: There are only a few scattered sources left that describe the reign of Hantili. During his reign, he continued the militaristic traditions of the kings before him. One of Hantili’s main concerns was maintaining Hittite control in Syria. He journeyed to the city of Carchemish to conduct a military campaign, most likely against the Hurrians, longtime enemies of the Hittites. The success of this campaign is unknown.

paragraph: After the conclusion of this campaign, he made his return journey to Hattusa, the Hittite capital. While on this journey, he reached the city of Tegarama, which is possibly the modern-day Turkish city of Gürün. At this point, the "Telepinu Proclamation" states that Hantili started to regret that he had killed Mursili, saying to himself, "What is this (that) I have done? [Why] did I listen to [the words of] Zidanta, my [son-in-law]? As soon as] he reigned [as king], the gods sought (justice for) the blood of Muršili."

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Hantili’s parents are not known. His wife was Queen Ḫarapšili, and they had at least one daughter. Hantili’s grandson was Ammuna, who killed Zidanta.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of the Hittites

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Hittite kings

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reign of Hantili I

description: Hittite king

wikidata_label: Hantili I

wikipedia_title: Hantili I


text:
Darmstadt
Munich
Ludwig Lange
Academy of Fine Arts Munich
Düsseldorf Art Academy
Johann Wilhelm Schirmer
Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia
Brera Academy
Milan
Archduchess Charlotte of Belgium
King Maximilian II
King Ludwig II
Herrenchiemsee
Linderhof
Works by Lange @ Mutual Art

categories: German male painters,Landscape painters,German painters,1817 births,1878 deaths

paragraph: Julius Lange (painter)

paragraph: Julius Lange (17 August 1817, Darmstadt – 25 June 1878, Munich) was a German landscape painter.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: In 1834, inspired by his older brother, the architect Ludwig Lange, he attended the Academy of Fine Arts Munich. After only a short time, however, he switched to the Düsseldorf Art Academy, becoming a student of Johann Wilhelm Schirmer, whose support enabled him to establish himself in Munich. Once there, his financial success was insured by a number of sizable commissions. The Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia ordered a series of sketches to be used in their landscape painting classes and the Brera Academy in Milan requested two large canvases. While there, he sought out contacts at the Court and served as Art Instructor to the Archduchess Charlotte of Belgium until 1858.

paragraph: At that time, family affairs forced him to return to Munich and, once again, he made contacts with royalty. He painted many works for both King Maximilian II and his son King Ludwig II as well as interior design studies for the royal castles at Herrenchiemsee and Linderhof.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander Rauch: "Schloss Herrenchiemsee - Räume und Symbole", München-Berlin, Köhler und Amelang, 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander Rauch: "Schloss Herrenchiemsee - Bildband", Köhler und Amelang, 1995

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works by Lange @ Mutual Art

alias:
Julius II Lange
j. lange
lange julius
julius lange

description: landscape painter

wikidata_label: Julius Lange

wikipedia_title: Julius Lange (painter)


text:
Swedish
ice hockey
forward
Örebro HK
Swedish Hockey League
Swedish Hockey League
Modo Hockey
2013–14 SHL season
Mississauga Steelheads
Ontario Hockey League
2015–16
2016 NHL Entry Draft
Rochester Americans
Buffalo Sabres
AIK IF
HockeyAllsvenskan
2018–19

categories: Modo Hockey players,Cincinnati Cyclones (ECHL) players,AIK IF players,1996 births,Mississauga Steelheads players,Swedish ice hockey players,Living people,Rochester Americans players

paragraph: Daniel Muzito Bagenda

paragraph: Daniel Muzito Bagenda (born June 16, 1996) is a Swedish professional ice hockey forward. He is currently playing with Örebro HK of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Muzito Bagenda made his Swedish Hockey League debut playing with Modo Hockey during the 2013–14 SHL season.

paragraph: After four games in the SHL as a junior, Bagenda opted to further his development at the Canadian major junior level with the Mississauga Steelheads of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). In the 2015–16 season with the Steelheads, Bagenda contributed with 20 goals in 63 games before he was passed over in the 2016 NHL Entry Draft.

paragraph: On July 3, 2016, Muzito Bagenda signalled the start of his North American professional career, in agreeing to a one-year AHL contract with the Rochester Americans, an affiliate of the Buffalo Sabres.

paragraph: After two seasons under contract with the Americans, Muzito Bagenda returned to Sweden as a free agent. He agreed to a try-out contract in joining AIK IF of the HockeyAllsvenskan on August 22, 2018. He made an immediate impact with AIK and was soon signed to a contract for the 2018–19 season. In his first season in the Allsvenskan, Muzito Bagenda used his size and physicality to contribute with 13 goals and 27 points in 52 games.

paragraph: On April 8, 2019, Muzito Bagenda secured a return to the SHL, signing a two-year contract with Örebro HK.

description: Swedish ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Daniel Muzito Bagenda

wikipedia_title: Daniel Muzito Bagenda


categories: Olympic snowboarders of Japan,Snowboarders at the 2014 Winter Olympics,Snowboarders at the 2018 Winter Olympics,Snowboarders at the 2003 Asian Winter Games,Japanese female snowboarders,Snowboarders at the 2002 Winter Olympics,1983 births,Snowboarders at the 2006 Winter Olympics,Olympic silver medalists for Japan,Snowboarders at the 2010 Winter Olympics,Olympic medalists in snowboarding,Living people,Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Tomoka Takeuchi

description: snowboarder

wikidata_label: Tomoka Takeuchi

wikipedia_title: Tomoka Takeuchi


text: pianist

text: Langenzersdorf

text: Vienna University of Technology

text: Alfred Uhl

text: Geneva International Music Competition

text: Konzerthaus, Vienna

text: Queen Elisabeth Music Competition

text: Brussels

text: International ARD Music Competition

text: Munich

text: Geneva International Music Competition

text: Vladimir Ashkenazy

text: Lazar Berman

text: André Tchaikowsky

text: John Browning

text: Rio de Janeiro

text: Hans-Joachim Koellreutter

text: Hans Sittner

text: Jacobs School of Music

text: Indiana University

text: The Art of Fugue

text: National Order of the Southern Cross

text: Graf, Hans

categories: Musicians from Vienna,Male pianists,20th-century classical musicians,20th-century classical pianists,1928 births,Austrian classical pianists,1994 deaths

paragraph: Hans Graf (pianist)

paragraph: Hans Graf (16 March 1928 – 9 January 1994) was an Austrian pianist and professor of piano.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Graf was born and grew up in Vienna as a son of police lawyer Josef Graf (1895–1966), wirklicher Hofrat (an honorary title conferred on senior civil servants), and the former governess Rosa (née Kramreiter; 1885–1959). He received piano and violin instruction already as a child. In the final phase of World War II, Graf was drafted as a high school student to serve in an anti-aircraft defense unit where he served in Langenzersdorf as well as in the 6th district of Vienna (Esterházypark). He passed his high school graduation exam in 1946 and began to study architecture at the Vienna University of Technology. As a trumpeter, he became a member of the „Technische Tanz-Band“(Technical Dance Band, TTB), the dance orchestra of the University of Technology, as an extracurricular activity. In 1947 he passed the entrance exam in piano at what was known at the time as the Vienna Academy of Music and is known today as the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, where he became a student of Bruno Seidlhofer.

paragraph: Subsequently, Graf terminated his study of architecture in order to devote himself entirely to music. Aside from his studies with Seidlhofer he took counterpoint and composition classes with Alfred Uhl. 1949 he passed the First State Examination and became a finalist in the 1950 Geneva International Music Competition. Having also passed the Diploma Examination in piano in 1951, Graf gave his debut that same year as a soloist at Konzerthaus, Vienna. In the following year he performed several concerts: 1952 at the 4th Queen Elisabeth Music Competition in Brussels, 1953 at the very first International ARD Music Competition in Munich, 1954 he participated for the second time in the Geneva International Music Competition, where he was awarded second place, and again in Brussels at the 1956 Queen Elisabeth Music Competition, where was among the finalists along with Vladimir Ashkenazy, Lazar Berman, André Tchaikowsky, John Browning and Tamás Vasary.

paragraph: In the meantime Graf had married in 1953 the Brazilian pianist Carmen Vitis Adnet. 1955 he moved with her to Rio de Janeiro, where their daughters Maria Beatriz and Clarissa were born in 1955 and 1958. In 1957 he founded Seminários de Música Pro-Arte do Rio de Janeiro along with Hans-Joachim Koellreutter and others. In 1958 he followed an invitation by Hans Sittner to return to Vienna, where he taught a piano class at the Academy of Music (now University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna) until his retirement in 1991.

paragraph: Starting in 1963 Graf frequently taught as an instructor at similar institutions in Europe (Seville, Bilbao, Porto), South America and Japan. He also acted as a juror for international piano competitions such as the Arthur Rubinstein International Master Piano Competition and also joined in the design of the Vienna Beethoven Competition initiated by Josef Dichler and Richard Hauser. Graf interrupted his teaching career in Vienna twice (1971/72 and 1974/75) to accept a visiting professorship at the Jacobs School of Music at Indiana University at Bloomington.

paragraph: After heart surgery in 1985 he was forced to limit his concert appearances. But in 1989 another recording was made that was later published as a CD. It contained an interpretation of Johann Sebastian Bach’s “The Art of Fugue” in Bruno Seidlhofer’s adaptation for four hands, performed with his daughter Clarissa Graf Costa.

paragraph: He died in Vienna.

paragraph: Section::::Decorations and awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary Member of Academia de Música Lorenzo Fernandez (Rio de Janeiro)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brazilian National Order of the Southern Cross (1988)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Kunst der Fuge BWV 1080", arrangement of Bruno G. Seidlhofer, Clarissa Graf Costa & Hans Graf (Piano - at four hands), Edition Extraplatte, Vienna, Austria, 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saxophone Colors", Eugene Rousseau (Saxophone), Hans Graf (piano), Edition Delos, San Francisco, USA, 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20th Century Music for Wind Instruments", The Vienna Symphony Woodwinds: Kamillo Wanausek (flute), Friedrich Wächter (oboe); Richard Schönhofer (clarinet); Ernst Mühlbacher (horn); Leo Cermak (fagot); Hans Graf (piano). Edition ABC Paramounts "Westminster"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chopin: Variationen über ein Thema von Mozart "La ci darem la mano"", Orchester Wiener Academia Orchester, Hans Graf (piano), Armando Mota (conductor), Edition Todomusica, Lisboa, Portugal

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bohmann, R. and Taylor, S.R., eds.: "Who’s who in Austria", 1971, International Book and Publishing, New York 1971.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cummings, David M., ed.: "International Who’s who in Music and Musician's Directory", 1994, Melrose Press, Cambridge.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barbara Boisits: Graf, Hans. In: Österreichisches Musiklexikon. Online edition: Vienna 2002 ss., ; print edition: vol. 2, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2003, .

description: Austrian pianist

wikidata_label: Hans Graf

wikipedia_title: Hans Graf (pianist)


text: folk

text: mini-album

text: EPs

text: Hampshire

text: England

text: Selborne

text: Devon

text: Finnish

text: Bedales School

text: Cara Delevingne

text: cover band

text: Brighton

text: England

text: alt-J

text: Charlie Andrew

text: Laura Marling

text: Bedales School

text: Charlie Andrew

text: Laura Marling

text: Zane Lowe

text: BBC Radio 1

text: alt-J

text: Earmilk

text: SoundCloud

text: Camden

text: London

text: Laura Marling

text: Johnny Flynn

text: The Guardian

text: Sub Pop

text: The Big Moon

text: Tristan Pigott

text: David Wrench

text: synthesizer

text: East End

text: London

text: The Japanese House

text: Website

text: Primary Talent Profile

text: Sub Pop Records Artist Profile

categories: Lesbian musicians,English folk singers,English female guitarists,LGBT singers,English people of Finnish descent,English female singer-songwriters,English singer-songwriters,LGBT musicians from England,British female singer-songwriters,English female singers,LGBT songwriters,People educated at Bedales School,Living people

paragraph: Marika Hackman

paragraph: Marika Louise Hackman (born 17 February 1992) is an English vocalist, multi-instrumentalist and songwriter. She is considered to fall within the alternative and English-folk genres, and is noted for her dark, melancholic lyrics.

paragraph: As of June 2019, Hackman has released three albums: a mini-album, "That Iron Taste", in 2013; her first full-length album, "We Slept at Last", in 2015; and her latest release, "I'm Not Your Man", in 2017. She has also released three EPs: "Sugar Blind" (2013), "Deaf Heat" (2014), and "Wonderland" (2016). Her fourth album, "Any Human Friend", is due on August 9, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Hackman was born in Hampshire, England and raised in Selborne and Devon. Her parents met during their work as animators. Her father is Finnish. Her parents met during their work as animators. Hackman watched little television as a child. She and her older brother, Ben (a dance music producer who releases material under the name "Hackman"), were instead encouraged to find other creative outlets. Hackman is a self-taught guitarist and began learning when she was 12. She had lessons in piano from the age of 4, and lessons in the bass guitar and drums from the age of 10.

paragraph: She received a scholarship to attend Bedales School as a day pupil from ages 11 to 17, where she met and befriended model Cara Delevingne. Together, they formed a short-lived cover band called "The Clementines", with Hackman playing drums and Delevingne playing guitar and singing. Hackman performed at Mulberry's Park Lane launch dinner, celebrating the release of Delevingne's collection in February 2014.

paragraph: At 18, she moved to Brighton, England, where she studied art foundation for a year and planned on earning a degree in fine arts. Instead, she later chose to pursue music full-time.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.:Early career (2012–2013).

paragraph: Hackman's first release was an EP of covers, which was available for digital download in October 2012. The following February, she released her first mini-album, "That Iron Taste", featuring songs of her own composition. The album was released in physical formats and as a digital download. It was produced by alt-J's Charlie Andrew. In 2013, she toured Australia and Europe as an opening act for Laura Marling, to support the release of "That Iron Taste". The music video for her song "Cannibal" was filmed at Bedales School in March 2013. She later released two more EPs, "Sugar Blind" on 9 December 2013 and "Deaf Heat" on 4 April 2014, via iTunes. Both EPs contain songs written by Hackman as well as one cover song.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.:Debut album: "We Slept at Last" (2014–2017).

paragraph: Hackman began recording her full-length debut album in 2014 with producer Charlie Andrew. She debuted new material from the album, including the songs "Skin" and "Ophelia", while on tour in 2013 with Laura Marling. In late September 2014, the album's title was announced as "We Slept at Last" and was released on 16 February 2015. The album features 12 new songs written by Hackman and does not feature any material from her previous EPs. Hackman embarked on a headlining solo tour throughout the UK in support of the album in November 2014. The album's lead single, "Drown", premiered in mid-October and was officially released on 8 December 2014. On 17 November 2014, "Drown" was announced as a shortlisted contender for DJ Zane Lowe's "Hottest Record of 2014" on BBC Radio 1. It ranked #89 out of 100 songs. She also appeared as a featured vocalist on alt-J's song "Warm Foothills", from their second album "This Is All Yours". On 8 January 2015 she premiered the album's second single, "Animal Fear", for DIY Magazine. On 13 January 2015, "Before I Sleep", another track from her debut album, was streamed exclusively on the website "Earmilk", as well as her SoundCloud account. Hackman previewed material from the album in the days leading up to its release. The album is available to stream in its entirely on her official SoundCloud account. The deluxe edition of the album includes all of the songs from Hackman's EPs. "Animal Fear" was released as the album's second single on 16 February 2015, the same day as the release of "We Slept at Last".

paragraph: On 18 February 2015, Hackman played material from her debut album at The Cob Gallery in Camden, London. An art exhibit, featuring the album's artwork of 24 photographs, was displayed during the show. She embarked on a solo headlining tour throughout the UK during March and April 2015. The tour continued with shows throughout Europe during the spring and summer of 2015.

paragraph: On 25 June 2015, Laura Marling announced that Hackman and Johnny Flynn would join her on tour for a series of concerts in North America during July and August 2015. The concerts would be Hackman's first time performing material in North America. Hackman's fourth single, "Next Year", was released on 14 August 2015.

paragraph: The album was generally well-received, with "The Guardian"s review rating it four out of five stars, and calling Hackman's work "superbly understated and atmospheric", noting that the "unsettling quality" was a distinguishing factor.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.:Second album: "I'm Not Your Man" (2017).

paragraph: Hackman signed with Sub Pop for her second album, "I'm Not Your Man". "Boyfriend", the first single from the album, debuted on Hackman's VEVO channel on 22 February 2017 in the form of a music video. The album features the London band The Big Moon as backing vocalists and instrumentalists. The cover art was designed by Tristan Pigott.

paragraph: The album was released 2 June 2017. "The Guardian"s four-star (out of five) review praised Hackman's "sweetly sung cut-glass vocals" and for having "risen from the alt-folk scene". The Observer's review (rating 3/5 stars) called the album "witty, raucous and honest", noting that Hackman, despite a new sound, "keeps the best of her former incarnation", adding to the "balance and variety" of the album. "Pitchfork" declared the album "bracing" and "darkly funny", "melodically strong" and "full of surprises", giving a rating of 7.5/10.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.:Third album: "Any Human Friend" (2019).

paragraph: On 23 April 2019, Hackman shared a teaser video with the caption "A _ _ H _ _ _ _ F _ _ _ _ _", hinting at the title of her upcoming third album. The following day, she released the lead single, "I'm Not Where You Are". On 22 May, the album's title was revealed to be "Any Human Friend", and it was made available to pre-order. It is scheduled for release on 9 August 2019. The album was produced by Hackman and David Wrench, and significantly features synthesizers. Hackman has described the lyrical content of the album as "quite sexual" and "blunt, but not offensive". She wanted to write about sexuality in a "unifying and sexy" way, in contrast to sexual lyrics that objectify the subject. The second single from the album, "The One", was released on 13 June 2019. Hackman has described it as "probably the poppiest song I’ve ever written".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Hackman currently resides in the East End of London. She was in a relationship with fellow musician Amber Bain (The Japanese House).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Primary Talent Profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sub Pop Records Artist Profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Transgressive Records Publishing Profile

description: British singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Marika Hackman

wikipedia_title: Marika Hackman


text:
tlatoani
Aztec
Tenochtitlan
Two Flint
Mexica
Spanish invasion
Moctezuma II
Axayacatl
Moctezuma II
Tenochtitlan
Cuitlahuac
Iztapalapa
Hernán Cortés
Mexica
Isabel Moctezuma
smallpox
New World
Europeans
Cuauhtémoc
Mexican municipality
Cuitláhuac, Veracruz
Mexico City Metro
Metro Cuitláhuac
asteroid
List of Tenochtitlan rulers

categories: 16th-century rulers,Tenochca tlatoque,Aztec nobility,1470s births,1520 in New Spain,1520 deaths,1520 in Mexico,16th century in the Aztec civilization,16th-century monarchs in North America,Deaths from smallpox,1520 in North America,16th-century indigenous people of the Americas

paragraph: Cuitláhuac

paragraph: Cuitláhuac (, ) (c. 1476 – 1520) or Cuitláhuac (in Spanish orthography; , , honorific form: Cuitlahuatzin) was the 10th "tlatoani" (ruler) of the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan for 80 days during the year Two Flint (1520). He is credited with leading the Mexica resistance to the Spanish invasion, following the death of his kinsman Moctezuma II.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Cuitláhuac was the eleventh son of the ruler Axayacatl and a younger brother of Moctezuma II, the late ruler of Tenochtitlan, who died during the Spanish occupation of the city. His mother's father, also called Cuitlahuac, had been ruler of Iztapalapa, and the younger Cuitláhuac also ruled there initially. Cuitláhuac was an experienced warrior and an adviser to Moctezuma, warning him not to allow the Spaniards to enter Tenochtitlan. Hernán Cortés imprisoned both Moctezuma and Cuitláhuac. Following the massacre of Aztec elites when Cortés was away from Tenochtitlan, the Mexica besieged the Spanish and their indigenous allies. Cuitláhuac was released on the pretense to reopen the market to get food to the invaders. Moctezuma was killed under disputed circumstances, and Cuitláhuac was elected "tlatoani" following the flight of the Spaniards and their allies from Tenochtitlan on June 30, 1520. Some sources claim he was serving in that role even before Moctezuma's death.

paragraph: Cuitláhuac was ritually married to Moctezuma's eldest daughter, a ten- or eleven-year-old girl, who later was called Isabel Moctezuma.

paragraph: Cuitláhuac ruled just 80 days, perhaps dying from smallpox that had been introduced to the New World by the Europeans. The early sources do not explicitly say from what he succumbed. Immediately after Cuitláhuac's death, Cuauhtémoc was made the next "tlatoani".

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The modern Mexican municipality of Cuitláhuac, Veracruz and the Mexico City Metro station Metro Cuitláhuac are named in honor of Cuitláhuac. The asteroid 2275 Cuitláhuac is also named after this ruler.

paragraph: There is an Avenue in Mexico City Called Cuitláhuac (Eje 3 Norte) that runs from Avenue Insurgentes to Avenue Mexico-Tacuba and that is part of an inner ring; also many streets in other towns and villages in Mexico are so called.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Tenochtitlan rulers

paragraph: Section::::External links.

description: Tlatloani of Tenochtitlan

wikidata_label: Cuitláhuac

wikipedia_title: Cuitláhuac


text:
Moscow
Soviet
Russia
bard
Moscow
Moscow State Pedagogical Institute
French language
Yunna Morits
Alexander Sukhanov
Paris

categories: Soviet female singer-songwriters,Russian female singer-songwriters,Moscow State Pedagogical University alumni,Russian bards,1956 births,Russian women poets,20th-century women singers,Russian singer-songwriters,Soviet female singers,Soviet singer-songwriters,Musicians from Moscow,Soviet songwriters,Living people

image: 512px-Вероника_Долина.JPG

paragraph: Veronika Dolina

paragraph: Veronika Arkadyevna Dolina (; born on January 2, 1956, Moscow) is a Soviet and Russian poet, bard, and songwriter.

paragraph: Veronika Dolina was born in Moscow. In 1979, she graduated from the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute as a French language teacher.

paragraph: Dolina started to write songs and perform them in 1971. She wrote the poetry for most of her songs, but she also has songs that set the poems of Yunna Morits to music, as well as some songs that were written in cooperation with Alexander Sukhanov. Dolina's first record was released in 1986. In 1987, Dolina became a member of the Moscow drama committee. That same year, the first book with Dolina's poetry was published in Paris.

paragraph: In 1988 she visited Warsaw, Poland for the first time, together with other Russian bards, giving a concert in Hybrydy concert hall, and was applauded for her interpretations. She performed several songs, including "My house is flying".

description: Russian bard

wikidata_label: Veronika Dolina

wikipedia_title: Veronika Dolina


text:
harpsichord
clavichord
organ
fortepiano
Frauenstein, Saxony
Frauenstein
Straßburg
Freiberg
Freiberg Cathedral
Frederick I
Dresden
Hofkirche
Andreas Silbermann
Johann Sebastian Bach
meantone temperament
Saxony
Hofkirche
Freiberg Cathedral
stops
piano
Bartolomeo Cristofori
damper pedal
Universal-Lexicon
Johann Heinrich Zedler
Scipione Maffei
Dresden
poet
Johann Ulrich König
back check
inverted wrest plank
wood
keyboard design
Frederick the Great
Johann Nikolaus Forkel
Potsdam
sympathetically
damper pedal
Innovations in the piano
hammer dulcimer
pantaleon
Pantaleon Hebenstreit
Johann Friedrich Agricola
Johann Sebastian Bach
Frauenkirche Dresden
Johann Andreas Silbermann
Johann Andreas Stein
Haydn
Mozart
Beethoven
Seven Years' War
Johannes Zumpe
square piano
Americus Backers
Sébastien Érard
Henri Herz
List of historical harpsichord makers
www.silbermann.org
Life of Silbermann
www.silbermannorgel-crostau.de

categories: 1683 births,People from Frauenstein, Saxony,1753 deaths,Harpsichord makers,German pipe organ builders

paragraph: Gottfried Silbermann

paragraph: Gottfried Silbermann (January 14, 1683 – August 4, 1753) was a German builder of keyboard instruments. He built harpsichords, clavichords, organs, and fortepianos; his modern reputation rests mainly on the latter two.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Very little is known about Silbermann's youth. He was born in Kleinbobritzsch (now a part of Frauenstein, Saxony) as the youngest son of the carpenter Michael Silbermann. They moved to the nearby town of Frauenstein in 1685, and it is possible that Gottfried also learnt carpentry there. He moved to Straßburg in 1702, where he learnt organ construction from his brother and came in touch with the French-Alsatian school of organ construction. He returned to Saxony as a master craftsman in 1710, and opened his own organ workshop in Freiberg one year later. His second project in Germany was the "Grand Organ" in the Freiberg Cathedral of St. Mary, finished in 1714. In 1723 he was bestowed the title "Königlich Polnischen und Churfürstlich Sächsischen Hof- und Landorgelmachers" ("Honorary Court and State Organ Builder to the King of Poland and Elector of Saxony") by Frederick I. Silbermann died in Dresden in 1753, probably as the result of a tin-lead poisoning, while still working on the organ at the Hofkirche.

paragraph: Section::::Silbermann's organs.

paragraph: The organs that Silbermann and his brother Andreas Silbermann built show a clear and distinctive style, both in architecture and in their music qualities. Gottfried Silbermann never deviated from this style.

paragraph: His ability to earn money with organ construction was remarkable, leading him to uncommon wealth, and his economic operation and slow consolidation of his position eventually created a near monopoly. His apprentices had to pledge never to work in Central Germany.

paragraph: Silbermann's non-negotiable style was not welcome everywhere, an important example of an opponent being Johann Sebastian Bach, who, unlike Silbermann who tuned in meantone temperament, preferred a more flexible tuning.

paragraph: Silbermann designed and built approximately 50 organs, 29 of which are still in existence in Saxony, including the organ in the Hofkirche in Dresden. The Hofkirche organ and that of Freiberg Cathedral are considered his greatest works. The organ in Freiberg Cathedral has three manuals, or keyboards, and 41 stops divided between the "Oberwerk", "Hauptwerk", "Brustwerk" and Pedal divisions. (A division is a section of pipes in the same place within an organ, played from one manual; there generally one manual for each division, and the pedal has its own division.) Silbermann's organs are characterised by the use of strong reeds, a broad range of stops, and pipes with a high tin content, which adds a distinctive brightness to the tone.

paragraph: Section::::Silbermann and the piano.

paragraph: Silbermann was also a central figure in the history of the piano. He transmitted to later builders the crucial ideas of Bartolomeo Cristofori (the inventor of the piano), ensuring their survival, and also invented the forerunner of the damper pedal.

paragraph: Evidence from the "Universal-Lexicon" of Johann Heinrich Zedler indicates that Silbermann first built a piano in 1732, only a year after Cristofori's death. Silbermann may have found out about Cristofori's invention as follows. In 1709, Scipione Maffei did research on the newly invented piano, including an interview with Cristofori, and published his findings (with a ringing endorsement of the instrument) in a 1711 Italian journal article. In 1725, this article was translated into German by the Dresden court poet Johann Ulrich König, who was almost certainly a personal acquaintance of Silbermann.

paragraph: In his mature pianos, Silbermann scrupulously copied the complex action found in Cristofori's last instruments, failing only to produce a correct copy of the back check. Silbermann also copied another ingenious Cristofori invention, the inverted wrest plank. In other respects (case construction, choice of wood species, string diameters and spacing, keyboard design), Silbermann relied on his own experience as a harpsichord builder.

paragraph: During the 1740s, King Frederick the Great of Prussia became acquainted with Silbermann's pianos and bought a number of them (the early-19th-century musicologist Johann Nikolaus Forkel claims this number was 15, though Stewart Pollens (reference below) believes this to be "certainly exaggerated"). Two of Silbermann's pianos are still located in Frederick's palaces in Potsdam today; they stand out for their elegant but plain and sober design amid the elaborate splendor of their surroundings.

paragraph: Section::::Silbermann and the piano.:The forerunner of the damper pedal.

paragraph: Silbermann invented a device by which the player could lift all of the dampers off the strings, permitting them to vibrate freely, either when struck or sympathetically when other notes were played. This is the function in later pianos of the damper pedal. Silbermann's device was different from the modern damper pedal in two respects. First, it was not actually controlled by a pedal, but rather was a hand stop, which required the player to cease playing on the keys for a moment in order to change the damper configuration. Thus, it was a device for imparting an unusual tonal color to whole passages, rather than a means of nuanced expression as the pedal is today. Second, Silbermann's device was bifurcated, permitting the dampers of the treble and bass sections to be lifted separately. This latter feature has recently been reintroduced to the piano, in the form of the fourth and fifth pedals of pianos made by the Borgato firm; see Innovations in the piano.

paragraph: There are at least two possible reasons for why Silbermann invented his damper-lifting mechanism. First, as an organ builder, he may have favored the idea of providing the player with a variety of tonal colors. The same impulse led German harpsichord builders of the time occasionally to include two-foot (two octaves higher than normal pitch) and sixteen-foot (one octave lower) choirs of strings in their instruments.

paragraph: In addition, Silbermann had until 1727 built very large hammer dulcimers, called pantaleons, on behalf of Pantaleon Hebenstreit, who achieved a sensational career with virtuosic playing on this demanding instrument. The pantaleon, like any other hammered dulcimer, had no dampers and thus created a wash of sound. Silbermann later had a falling out with Hebenstreit and was blocked by a royal writ from building any further pantaleons. Stewart Pollens conjectures that in adding the damper-raising stop to the piano, Silberman may have been attempting to partially circumvent this restriction.

paragraph: Section::::Silbermann and the piano.:Silbermann and Bach.

paragraph: The 18th-century musician Johann Friedrich Agricola tells a story about the relationship of Silbermann, Johann Sebastian Bach, and pianos. After Silbermann had completed two instruments, Agricola says, he showed them to Bach, who replied critically, saying that the tone was weak in the treble and the keys were hard to play even though the tone was pleasant. Silbermann was stung and angered by the criticism, but ultimately took it to heart and was able to improve his pianos (exactly how is not known, but it may have been the result of Silbermann's encountering Cristofori's most mature instruments). The improved Silbermann pianos met with Bach's "complete approval" ("völlige Gutheißung"), and indeed a preserved sales voucher dated May 8, 1749 shows that Bach acted as an intermediary for Silbermann in the sale of one of his pianos. Bach also changed his mind about Silbermann's organs as well, as borne out by the fact that he was asked by both the church and Silbermann to give the inaugural concert of his new instrument on 1 December 1736 for the Frauenkirche Dresden.

paragraph: Section::::Silbermann and the piano.:Silbermann's pupils.

paragraph: Silbermann's most important contribution to the piano may have been as the teacher of other builders. His nephew and pupil Johann Andreas Silbermann was the teacher of Johann Andreas Stein, who perfected the so-called "Viennese action", found in the pianos used by Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. Another group of Silbermann pupils were the so-called the "twelve apostles". These builders fled Germany during and after the time of chaos created by the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), migrating to England, where economic prosperity was creating new opportunities for instrument builders. The "twelve apostles" included Johannes Zumpe, whose invention of an affordable small square piano greatly popularized the instrument. They also included Americus Backers, one of the inventors of the "English action", which was a modified version of the Cristofori action.

paragraph: Silbermann's role was crucial because, unlike other builders of his day, he refused to compromise on the quality of the action. Cristofori's action was complex and hard to build, leading many builders (e.g. Zumpe) to use instead a simplified, but clumsier action. Through Backers and others, the original conception of a complex but effective action survived. The English action was later modified and improved further by Sébastien Érard and Henri Herz to yield the action used in all grand pianos today. With the advent of industrial methods of manufacture, it ultimately became economical to include the complex modern action even in inexpensive pianos, thus vindicating Silbermann's original decision.

paragraph: Silbermann's fame as a builder and teacher was such that for many decades he was regarded as the inventor of the piano; it was only with nineteenth-century scholarship that this honor was restored to Cristofori.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The organ portion of this article is based on a translation from the German Wikipedia. The original is located .

paragraph: BULLET::::- For the piano portion, the following two reference works were relied on:

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: List of historical harpsichord makers

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- www.silbermann.org Gottfried-Silbermann-Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- Life of Silbermann

paragraph: BULLET::::- www.silbermannorgel-crostau.de Silbermann organ at Crostau

description: Saxon organbuilder

wikidata_label: Gottfried Silbermann

wikipedia_title: Gottfried Silbermann


text: Chad

text: decolonization of Chad

text: Portobelo

text: Panama

text: French colonial

text: French National Assembly

text: Africa

text: Chadian Progressive Party

text: self-determination

text: Marxist-oriented

text: African Democratic Rally

text: Chadian Democratic Union

text: Overseas Reform Act

text: motion of no confidence

text: Ahmed Koulamallah

text: Gontchomé Sahoulba

text: secretary-general

text: François Tombalbaye

text: Michel Debré

text: non-governmental organization

text: Port-de-Lanne

text: "Chad: A Country Study"

text: 1st page on the French National Assembly website

text: The decolonisation

text: Tchad Forum

categories: Chadian Progressive Party politicians,Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic,Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic,Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance politicians,History of Chad,Deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic,People from Portobelo District,2001 deaths,Union progressiste politicians,1919 births,Rassemblement Démocratique Africain politicians,François Tombalbaye

paragraph: Gabriel Lisette

paragraph: Gabriel Francisco Lisette (2 April 1919 – 3 March 2001) was a Chadian politician who played a key role in the decolonization of Chad.

paragraph: Of African descent, he was born at Portobelo in Panama on 2 April 1919. He became a French colonial administrator, and in this role was posted to Chad in 1946. In November of the same year Lisette was elected as deputy to the French National Assembly. In February 1947 he founded the country's first African political party, the Chadian Progressive Party (PPT), a radical and nationalist organization calling for self-determination. It was a branch of the Marxist-oriented inter-territorial African Democratic Rally, of which he was to be later chosen as secretary-general.

paragraph: The PPT was not immediately successful, as it found itself boycotted by the French colonial administration and from the African traditional rulers, who preferred the more conservative Chadian Democratic Union (UDT). The situation radically changed with the French Overseas Reform Act of 1956 which greatly expanded the electoral suffrage. Also, the UDT was riven by splits and dissensions; as a result, Lisette triumphantly won the 1957 elections for the Territorial Assembly, taking with his allies 47 seats out of 65.

paragraph: Following this victory Lisette became first on 14 May 1957, Vice-President, and then, on 26 July 1958, President of the Government Council. He kept this position until he was deserted by the African traditional rulers, who supported a motion of no confidence presented on 11 February 1959, behind which was Ahmed Koulamallah. Lisette was able to immediately throw-down the two succeeding governments led by Gontchomé Sahoulba and Koulamallah, but when the PPT had again to form the government he stepped down in favour of a native Chadian, the party's secretary-general François Tombalbaye, who became head of the government on 26 March. Lisette entered the government as deputy Prime Minister in charge of economic coordination and foreign affairs.

paragraph: But Lisette's fall was nearing: a week before Chad became independent on 11 August 1960, Tombalbaye purged him from the PPT, declared him a noncitizen while he was traveling abroad, and barred him from returning to Chad. This event signed the end of Lisette's political career in Chad, and Lisette went in exile in France, where he had been named on 23 July 1959 "councillor minister" in the government guided by Michel Debré, a formal charge he would keep till 19 May 1961. In exile he continued to worry Tombalbaye as a possible menace for his regime, especially from 1971 when relations between France and Chad started cooling.

paragraph: In 1976 he founded with Alain Girard a non-governmental organization, the "Société mutuelle des originaires d'Outre-Mer" (SMODOM), with in mind the mutual aid societies active in Europe in the 19th century. As those, its main finalities were to create a society whose members covered the expenses if one of them was ill or, if dead, could not afford a funeral.

paragraph: He later wrote a book on the events to which he participated, "Le Combat du Rassemblement démocratique African pour la décolonisation pacifique de l'Afrique noire".

paragraph: He died at Port-de-Lanne, in France, on 3 March 2001.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chad: A Country Study"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The decolonisation at Tchad Forum

description: Chadian politician

wikidata_label: Gabriel Lisette

wikipedia_title: Gabriel Lisette


text:
Potsdam
German
kite surfer
International Sailing Federation
ISAF World Sailor of the Year Awards
Potsdam
East Germany
handball
windsurfing
mountain biking
University of Berlin
Fuerteventura
Canary Islands
Pro Center Egl
Vogue
Playboy
Theresa Klein
Jenny Bongardt
Best Kiteboarding
Rial
Air Berlin
Katja Roose
Caroline Adrien
Official site

categories: German female models,German kitesurfers,People from Potsdam,German female handball players,Humboldt University of Berlin alumni,1977 births,Living people

paragraph: Kristin Boese

paragraph: Kristin Boese (born July 1, 1977 in Potsdam) is a German female kite surfer. In 2009, she was shortlisted by the International Sailing Federation for the ISAF World Sailor of the Year Awards.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Boese was born in Potsdam, East Germany, on July 1, 1977. At school, she excelled in a wide range of sports and became a semiprofessional handball player from the age of 9 in 1986 until 1999. She took her A-levels in 1997 and began to develop a passion for windsurfing and mountain biking. In 2000, she attended a windsurf-instructor license course and began working as a windsurf instructor in her summer holidays while studying journalism and communication at the University of Berlin.

paragraph: In summer 2002, she met a kitesurfer at her windsurf center and within a matter of months had left Berlin and moved to Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands to learn how to kitesurf and become an instructor at the Pro Center Egl.

paragraph: She became the German Kitesurf Champion and in 2003 finished in fourth place in the PKRA world ranking. In 2004, she became Vice World Champion, winning her first PKRA Freestyle World Champion title a year later in 2005. This was followed with further success. In 2006, she won the PKRA Freestyle.

paragraph: She is the author of two instructional books and an instructional DVD on kitesurfing. In 2009, she published the guide "Kitesurfing in the Waves: The Complete Guide". She has also done modelling work, and has modelled for "Vogue", and in September 2007 appeared in the German "Playboy" magazine, appearing on the cover with Theresa Klein and Jenny Bongardt. She is sponsored by Best Kiteboarding, Rial, Air Berlin and Maui Magic. In July 2012, she won the bronze medal in the Slalom World Championships, finishing behind Katja Roose and Caroline Adrien.

paragraph: Section::::Titles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 PKRA 2nd place

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 PKRA Freestyle Champion

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 PKRA Freestyle Champion

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 KPWT Course Race Champion

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 KPWT Wave-riding Champion

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 KPWT Course Race Champion

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site

description: German kite surfer

wikidata_label: Kristin Boese

wikipedia_title: Kristin Boese


text:
Bt
Sir Nicholas Nuttall
Christopher York
Nuttall baronetcy
Birgit Cunningham

categories: People educated at Eton College,English racing drivers,British Formula Renault 2.0 drivers,1963 births,British Touring Car Championship drivers,Living people

paragraph: Harry Nuttall (racing driver)

paragraph: Sir Harry Nuttall, Bt (born 2 January 1963) is a Sports marketing entrepreneur providing commercial consultancy advising agencies, brands and rights holders. 25 years’ experience in the motorsport space, from grass roots to Formula One. Currently senior advisor to Mercedes AMG Petronas Formula One Team.

paragraph: Section::::Previous roles.

paragraph: 2009-12 Caterham F1 Team - Responsible for all commercial aspects of the team formerly known as Lotus Racing/Team Lotus: from successful entry candidacy to livery, brand, commercial and marketing staff recruitment and all sponsorship and technical partner acquisitions: GE, Dell, Intel, Renault, Pirelli, APC, CNN, Visa, Maxis, Proton, DuPont, LG, Hackett.

paragraph: 2008-09 Brawn GP Formula One Team - Contracted by management following Honda’s withdrawal in December 2008 to assist in the sourcing of investors and sponsors. Brawn GP won both the 2009 Constructors and Drivers F1 World Championships, concluded a successful sale to Daimler AG and a rebrand to Mercedes GP Petronas Formula One team.

paragraph: 2004-07 Intel Corporation - Retained by Intel to advise on opportunities within the FIA Formula One World Championship coincident with their rebrand. Intel became a Premium Partner to the BMW Sauber F1 Team and a local race partner to Formula One Management during the 2005, 2006 and 2007 seasons.

paragraph: 1998-03 Arrows F1 Team - Retained by TWR to work on various motorsports and circuit development programmes. Delivered primary sponsorship from UPC (United Pan-Europe Communications) under their Chello Broadband brand for Arrows F1 Team.

paragraph: 1989-1997 Racing Career - Competed in Formula Ford (1989) and Formula Renault (1992 UK (3rd) and European Championships (4th); 1 win, 2 pole positions & 8 podiums); the RAC British Touring Car Championship (1993) and BPR Global Endurance GT Series (1994 Champion with Porsche; 4 wins, 8 podiums).

paragraph: Elected to British Racing Driver’s Club in 1994 and Vice Champion in ’94 BRDC Gold Star Award. Test & Development Driver, Lamborghini Jota Project (1995/6). Career sponsors included: Camel, Mobil, BP, Texaco, Hawaiian Tropic & Grundig.

paragraph: Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. //Associate - Admitted to BBH & Co training programme in New York. Registered Representative NYSE. Associate with sales team in London marketing US products to Scandinavian institutions. Broker of the Year, 1988.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982-1985 The American University, Washington DC, USA.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976-1981 Eton College, Windsor, UK.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Nuttall is the son of Sir Nicholas Nuttall by his first wife, Rosemary Caroline York (1934–2007), the daughter of Christopher York. He had one sister, Tamara Nuttall (1967–1997).

paragraph: Married with three children, he inherited the Nuttall baronetcy in 2007 on the death of his father. He also has a son, Jack, with Birgit Cunningham.

description: Sports marketing entrepreneur

wikidata_label: Harry Nuttall

wikipedia_title: Harry Nuttall (racing driver)


text:
Pagan Dynasty
Burma
Pagan
Burmese chronicles
Anawrahta
Pagan Empire
Burmese chronicles
Saw Khin Hnit
Khelu
Taungdwin
Burmese chronicles
Zatadawbon Yazawin
Tannet
Mranma
Nanzhao Kingdom
Burman
Irrawaddy
Mranma
Chindwin river
Anawrahta
Pagan Empire

paragraph: Pyinbya

paragraph: Pyinbya (, ; 817–876) was the king of Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) who founded the city of Pagan (Bagan) in 849 CE. Though the Burmese chronicles describe him as the 33rd king of the dynasty founded in early 2nd century CE, modern historians consider Pyinbya one of the first kings of Pagan, which would gradually take over present-day central Burma in the next two hundred years. He was the paternal great-grandfather of King Anawrahta, the founder of Pagan Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Chronicle tradition.

paragraph: According to the Burmese chronicles, the future king was born to King Saw Khin Hnit of Pagan. He was born in either 817 CE (or 802 CE). He was lord of Pyinbya village of Pagan prior to his accession, and known as Pyinbya Mintha. He succeeded his brother King Khelu as king in 846 CE. He founded the city of Pagan on 23 December 849 (6th waxing of Pyatho 211 ME). He also founded a settlement of Taungdwin in 857, perhaps the southernmost limit of his nascent kingdom. He died in 876 CE at age 59 (in his 60th year). (Note that main Burmese chronicles do not agree on his regnal years or birth and death years. The oldest chronicle "Zatadawbon Yazawin" is considered to be the most accurate for the Pagan period.) The table below lists the dates given by four main chronicles, as well as Hmannan's dates when anchored by the Anawrahta's inscriptionally verified accession date of 1044.

paragraph: Pyinbya was succeeded by his son Tannet.

paragraph: Section::::Scholarship views.

paragraph: According to mainstream scholarship, Pyinbya is one of the earliest kings of Pagan, founded by the Mranma (Bamar / Burmans) of the Nanzhao Kingdom. Pagan is the first known Burman settlement in the Irrawaddy valley, following the devastating raids into upper Irrawaddy valley by Nanzhao that lasted from the 750s to the 830s. After the attacks, which left the Pyu states severely weakened, large numbers of Mranma warriors of Nanzhao and their families remained in the upper Irrawaddy valley. Pagan was founded as a fortified settlement along a bend in the Irrawaddy river. The new settlement may have been designed to help the Nanzhao pacify the surrounding countryside. It was a certainly a strategic spot, close to the Chindwin river and just to the west of a richly irrigated rice plain.

paragraph: Pagan was one of several competing city-states until the late 10th century when it grew in authority and grandeur. Two hundred years after Pyinbya founded Pagan, his great-grandson Anawrahta went on to create the Pagan Empire, the first ever unification of the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery.

wikidata_label: Pyinbya

wikipedia_title: Pyinbya


text:
real name
courtesy name
Trần dynasty
Vietnam
Trần Minh Tông
Champa
Laos
Trần Nhân Tông
Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh
crown prince
Thăng Long
Thiên Trường
Đoàn Nhữ Hài
Mongol Empire
Trần Quang Khải
Trần Quốc Tuấn
Trần Nhật Duật
Phạm Ngũ Lão
Trương Hán Siêu
Mạc Đĩnh Chi
Nguyễn Trung Ngạn
Yuan dynasty
Champa
Laos
Champa
Chế Mân
Huyền Trân
Thuận Hóa
cremated with her husband
Trần Khắc Chung
Chế Chí
Trần Quốc Chân
Trần Khánh Dư
Che Da-a-ba-niem
Trần Minh Tông
era name
興
隆
posthumous name
Yên Tử mountain
Ngô Sĩ Liên
Huyền Trân
Trần Quốc Tảng
Trần Quốc Tuấn
Queen dowager
Trần Mạnh
Trần Bình Trọng
Phạm Ngũ Lão
Trần Minh Tông

categories: Monarchs who abdicated,Trần dynasty retired emperors,Trần dynasty emperors,1276 births

paragraph: Trần Anh Tông

paragraph: Trần Anh Tông (, 17 September 1276 - 12 December 1320), real name Trần Thuyên (陳烇), courtesy name Nhật Sủy (日煃) or Nhật Sáng (日㷃/日𤊞), was the fourth emperor of the Trần dynasty, reigning over Vietnam from 1293 to 1314. After ceding the throne to his son Trần Minh Tông, Anh Tông held the title Retired Emperor () for six years. As the first Trần emperor who ruled in total peace with respect to foreign affairs, Anh Tông was known for his successful reign of Đại Việt, which brought a long period of peace and prosperity over the country. He also had several military victories over the kingdoms of Champa and Laos.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Anh Tông was born in 1276 as Trần Thuyên, the first son of the then-emperor Trần Nhân Tông and Empress Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh. In 1292 he was invested as crown prince by Nhân Tông and ultimately was ceded the throne in 1293 while his father still reigned as Retired Emperor () for 16 years.

paragraph: According to officially commissioned historical books, although being an intelligent ruler and a devoted son, the young Emperor Anh Tông often drank alcohol and escaped from the royal citadel to wander around Thăng Long at night. One time the Emperor was so drunk that he forgot to welcome the Retired Emperor who was coming back from Thiên Trường for a visit. When he was made aware of the situation, Nhân Tông departed immediately in a fury from Thăng Long and Anh Tông had to write a petition for the Retired Emperor with the help from a young scholar named Đoàn Nhữ Hài. After that event, Anh Tông appointed Đoàn as court counselor and avoided drinking.

paragraph: Section::::As emperor.

paragraph: Anh Tông was the first Trần emperor who reigned without having to face attacks from the Mongol Empire. Despite the deaths of the two most important generals of the early Trần dynasty, Trần Quang Khải in 1294 and Trần Quốc Tuấn in 1300, the Emperor was still served by many efficient mandarins like Trần Nhật Duật, Đoàn Nhữ Hài, Phạm Ngũ Lão, Trương Hán Siêu, Mạc Đĩnh Chi and Nguyễn Trung Ngạn. Anh Tông was very strict in suppressing gambling and corruption but he also generously rewarded those who served him well. Under the reign of an able emperor and capable court administration, Đại Việt witnessed a long period of peace and prosperity.

paragraph: Foreign policy during Anh Tông's reign was continuing the détente with the Yuan dynasty while restraining the two other neighbours of Đại Việt, the kingdoms of Champa and Laos. The Emperor's envoy to the Yuan dynasty was so successful that the leader Mạc Đĩnh Chi was dubbled the "Two-state exemplar" because he came first as Trạng nguyên (Zhuangyuan, 狀元) in Đại Việt's imperial examination and was praised in the Yuan dynasty court for his eloquence. After the failed invasions of the Mongol Empire, Đại Việt's southwestern border was invaded several times by Laos until Anh Tông appointed Phạm Ngũ Lão to oversee the pacification of the frontier regions.

paragraph: In 1306, the king of Champa Chế Mân offered Vietnam two Cham prefectures Ô and Lý in exchange for a marriage with Vietnamese princess Huyền Trân. Anh Tông accepted this offer, then he took and renamed Ô prefecture and Lý prefecture to Thuận prefecture and Hóa prefecture, both of them often referred shortly as Thuận Hóa region. Only one year into the marriage, Chế Mân died and in line with the royal tradition of Champa, Huyền Trân was to be cremated with her husband. Facing this urgent condition, Anh Tông sent his mandarin Trần Khắc Chung to Champa to save Huyền Trân from an imminent death. Finally Huyền Trân was able to return to Đại Việt but Chế Chí, the successor of Chế Mân, no longer wished to abide by the peace treaty with Đại Việt. After that event, Anh Tông himself, along with generals Trần Quốc Chân and Trần Khánh Dư commanded three groups of Đại Việt military units to attack Champa in 1312. Chế Chí was defeated and captured in this invasion, and Anh Tông installed a hand-picked successor, Che Man's brother Che Da-a-ba-niem, but the relations between Đại Việt and Champa remained strained for a long time afterwards.

paragraph: Section::::As retired emperor.

paragraph: After 21 years of rule, Anh Tông passed the throne to the crown prince Trần Mạnh, who became the Emperor Trần Minh Tông, and Anh Tông retained the title Thái thượng hoàng for six more years before dying in 1320 at the age of 54. Anh Tông had only one era name during his reign, which was Hưng Long (興隆, prosperity). After the Emperor's death, he was given the posthumous name Hiển văn duệ vũ khâm minh nhân hiếu hoàng đế (顯文睿武欽明仁孝皇帝).

paragraph: According to history books, Anh Tông was praised for his righteous reign, which created a peaceful and prosperous period in the history of Đại Việt. He was known as a modest ruler who was quick to mend his mistakes, was always cautious and intelligent in judgment, and the only major criticism of him was building a tower and gathering monks in Yên Tử mountain. According to the royal historian Ngô Sĩ Liên, Anh Tông was a father with sense of responsibility for his son, which is seen as an important factor in Minh Tông's good governance in the future. The decision made by Anh Tông and his father Nhân Tông to marry off the royal princess Huyền Trân to the king of Champa in exchange for peace and land was sometimes considered a stigma on the Trần dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anh Tông had one empress, two other wives and several concubines:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Empress Thuận Thánh (?–1330), daughter of Trần Quốc Tảng and granddaughter of Trần Quốc Tuấn. She was entitled Queen dowager when Trần Mạnh was made emperor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial consort Chiêu Hiến, daughter of Trần Bình Trọng, natural mother of Trần Mạnh

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial consort Tĩnh Huệ, daughter of Phạm Ngũ Lão

paragraph: BULLET::::- Đa La Thanh, daughter of northern monk Du Chi Bà Lam

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial concubine Trần Thị Thái Bình

paragraph: BULLET::::- Palace maid Vương Thị

paragraph: BULLET::::- Besides three short-lived sons, Anh Tông was survived by only one son, Trần Mạnh, who eventually became his successor Trần Minh Tông. The Emperor also had five daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Thiên Chân

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Ý Trinh

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Huy Chân

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Huệ Chân

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Thánh Chân

description: Emperor of Vietnam

wikidata_label: Trần Anh Tông

wikipedia_title: Trần Anh Tông


text: Tonawanda, New York

text: Yale University

text: swim

text: Bulldogs swimming and diving

text: NCAA

text: Swimming World Magazine

text: Presidential Medal of Freedom

text: Lyndon Johnson

text: John F. Kennedy

text: Swimming National Championships

text: International Swimming Hall of Fame

text: Wayne Moore (swimmer)

categories: American swimming coaches,Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients,Yale Bulldogs athletic directors,Yale Bulldogs swimming coaches,1890 births,Yale University faculty,1967 deaths

paragraph: Robert J. H. Kiphuth

paragraph: Robert John Herman "Bob" Kiphuth (November 17, 1890 – January 7, 1967) was born in Tonawanda, New York and is best known for his 41-year career as head coach of the Yale University men's swim team, from 1918 to 1959. During his tenure with Bulldogs swimming and diving, he amassed a record of 528 wins to only 12 losses, along with four NCAA titles (1942, 1944, 1951, 1953), earning him a reputation for being the winningest coach in history.

paragraph: Kiphuth also served as the head coach for multiple U.S. Olympic swimming teams (both men and women, depending on the year). For a few years near the end of his career, he doubled as Yale's athletic director, a job he eventually left to return his focus to coaching. He was largely responsible for the modern sport of swimming, which he shaped by introducing such innovations (now standard practices) as dryland workouts and interval training.

paragraph: From 1951 to 1961, Kiphuth was the publisher of "Swimming World Magazine".

paragraph: Kiphuth was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Lyndon Johnson on December 6, 1963. He had been chosen to receive the award by President John F. Kennedy (President Kennedy also received the Medal of Freedom, posthumously, at the same ceremony).

paragraph: Since 1968, the high-point award at the USA's Swimming National Championships has been named in his honor (the "Kiphuth Award").

paragraph: In 1965 he was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wayne Moore (swimmer)

description: American swimming coach, college athletics administrator

wikidata_label: Robert J. H. Kiphuth

wikipedia_title: Robert J. H. Kiphuth


text: Pope Sixtus IV

text: S. Agostino

categories: 1451 births,15th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Burials at the Basilica of Sant'Agostino,Italian cardinals,15th-century Italian people,Year of birth unknown,1497 deaths,Bishops of Parma

paragraph: Giovanni Giacomo Sclafenati

paragraph: He was made cardinal on 15 November 1483 by Pope Sixtus IV.

paragraph: Cardinal Sclafenati died in Rome on 8 December 1497 at the age of 47, and was buried in S. Agostino.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salvador Miranda, "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church", "SCHIAFFINATI, Giovanni Giacomo (1451-1497)"; retrieved: 2 November 2018.

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Giovanni Giacomo Sclafenati

wikipedia_title: Giovanni Giacomo Sclafenati