text: the Jimi Hendrix Experience

text: Fat Mattress

text: Road

text: Clonakilty

text: Thin Lizzy

text: Eric Bell

text: Royal Victoria Hospital

text: Folkestone

text: Kent

text: Bromley

text: Seabrook

text: Hythe

text: Harvey Grammar School

text: Hythe

text: Pete Kircher

text: Neil Landon and the Burnettes

text: Are You Experienced

text: Electric Ladyland

text: Hendrix

text: Sunn

text: Mitch Mitchell

text: Red House

text: Fat Mattress

text: Neil Landon

text: Kirdford

text: Sussex

text: Dover

text: Kent

text: Swindon

text: Michael Jeffery

text: Woodstock

text: Road

text: Rare Earth

text: Eric Bell

text: Thin Lizzy

text: Dave Clarke

text: Glounthaune

text: NAMM Show

text: Spin Doctors

text: Ivan Kral

text: Patti Smith Group

text: Frankie LaRocka

text: Vaclav Havel

text: oesophageal varices

text: cirrhosis

text: Ardfield

text: Little Miss Strange

text: Red House

text: The Cry of Love

text: memorial

text: Accidental Love

text: Nothing Can Change This Love

text: Treat Me Nice

text: Ain't That Peculiar

text: Are You Experienced

text: Electric Ladyland

text: Smash Hits

text: Radio One

text: BBC Sessions

text: The Experience Sessions

text: Valleys of Neptune

text: Both Sides of the Sky

text: Fat Mattress

text: Fat Mattress II

text: Road

text: Clonakilty Cowboys

text: Blowin'

text: The Missing Album

text: Lord Sutch and Heavy Friends

text: West Cork Tuning

text: West Coast Experience

text: Stone Free

text: On Tour with 305 AM

text: West Cork Tuning Deluxe Edition

text: Live From Bunkr . Prague

text: Thank You, Goodnight and Gud' Luck

text: Lord Sutch and Heavy Friends

text: Obituary from Billboard.com

categories: The Jimi Hendrix Experience members,Alcohol-related deaths in Ireland,English rock singers,People from Folkestone,20th-century bass guitarists,British rhythm and blues boom musicians,English rock bass guitarists,Musicians from Kent,Rhythm guitarists,English expatriates in Ireland,Fat Mattress members,English rock guitarists,21st-century bass guitarists,English singer-songwriters,2003 deaths,The Noel Redding Band members,Deaths from cirrhosis,English people of Swedish descent,People educated at The Harvey Grammar School,Screaming Lord Sutch and the Savages members,Male bass guitarists,1945 births,English male singers

paragraph: Noel Redding

paragraph: David Noel Redding (25 December 1945 – 11 May 2003) was an English rock musician, best known as the bass player and occasional lead singer for the Jimi Hendrix Experience and guitarist/singer for Fat Mattress.

paragraph: Following his departure from the Experience in 1969 and split of Fat Mattress in 1970, Redding formed the short lived Road in the United States who released one eponymous album before he re-located to Clonakilty, Ireland, in 1972. There he formed the Noel Redding Band with former Thin Lizzy guitarist Eric Bell with whom he released two albums. Although by the 1980s Redding had largely removed himself from the music business, he would later perform around his new hometown with wife Carol Appleby.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Background.

paragraph: Redding was born at Royal Victoria Hospital in Folkestone, Kent to Bromley-born Margaret (née Berggren) and Horace Albert Redding. He grew up on Cliff Road, Seabrook, where his mother ran a guest house, with his mother, his Swedish-born grandmother, brother Anthony and sister Vicki. He attended St Leonards Primary in Hythe and Harvey Grammar School in Folkestone. At age nine, he played violin at school and then mandolin and guitar. His first public appearances were at the Hythe Youth Club then at his school.

paragraph: His first local bands, in which he played lead guitar, were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Strangers: with John "Andy" Andrews (bass)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Lonely Ones: 1961 - John Andrews (bass), Bob Hiscocks (rhythm guitar), Mick Wibley (drums), Pete Kircher (vocals and in '62, drums). The Lonely Ones made a privately pressed EP at the Hayton Manor Studio in Stanford, Kent, in 1963, with Derek Knight on vocals, Trevor Sutton on drums, Noel Redding on lead guitar and John Andrews on bass. First recordings: "Some Other Guy"; "Money"; "Talking About You"; "Anna".

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Loving Kind: 1966 with Pete (Kircher) Carter (drums); Jim Leverton (bass); and Derek Knight (vocals).

paragraph: At 17 Redding went professional and toured clubs in Scotland and Germany with Neil Landon and the Burnettes (formed in late 1962) and The Loving Kind (formed in November 1965). In addition, The Lonely Ones reunited in September 1964, and Redding remained with them a year before taking his leave.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:The Jimi Hendrix Experience.

paragraph: Redding switched from guitar to bass on joining the Jimi Hendrix Experience. He was the first person to join the Experience. With the band, he helped create the three landmark albums "Are You Experienced", "", and "Electric Ladyland", as well as performing in some of Hendrix's most celebrated concerts. His playing style was distinguished by the use of a pick, a mid-range "trebly" sound, and in later years the use of fuzz and distortion effects through overdriven Sunn amps. His role in the band was that of a time-keeper. This was evident in the Experience's version of "Come On (Baby Let the Good Times Roll)" and "Drivin' South" from the BBC Sessions. He would typically lay down a bass groove over which Hendrix and drummer Mitch Mitchell would loosely play. Redding wrote and sang lead on two album tracks, "Little Miss Strange" and "She's So Fine." He played the bass line on "Red House" using the bass strings on a normal six-string guitar.

paragraph: In 1968, Redding formed the group Fat Mattress with another Kent musician, Neil Landon (born as Patrick Cahill, 27 July 1941, Kirdford, Sussex), on vocals. The band also included Jim Leverton (born 1946, Dover, Kent) on bass and keyboards and Eric Dillon (born 1950, Swindon) on drums. Redding played guitar and vocals, and a key part of the Fat Mattress sound was the vocal harmonies between him, Landon and Leverton. The band initially toured in support of the Jimi Hendrix Experience, requiring Redding to play two full sets each night. He left Fat Mattress after only one album with them, though some of his compositions would appear on their second album.

paragraph: Hendrix's manager, Michael Jeffery, attempted to reunite the Jimi Hendrix Experience months after the Woodstock event. The three were interviewed by "Rolling Stone" magazine, but no shows or recordings resulted. Redding soon went on to other projects. While living in Los Angeles he formed Road, a three-piece in the same psychedelic hard rock vein as the Experience, with Rod Richards (born as Rod Cox; ex Rare Earth) on guitar and Les Sampson on drums, and Redding himself switching back to bass. They released one album, "Road" (1972), with the three members taking turns on lead vocals.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Ireland years.

paragraph: Noel Redding moved to Ireland in 1972. He formed The Noel Redding Band with Eric Bell from Thin Lizzy, Dave Clarke, Les Sampson, and Robbie Walsh. Despite the band's name, Redding shared songwriting and lead vocal duties equally with Clarke. They released two albums for RCA, three tours of the Netherlands, two tours of England, one tour of Ireland, and a 10-week tour in the US. The band dissolved after a dispute with their management company. Tracks recorded for a third unreleased album were later released as The Missing Album on Mouse Records.

paragraph: In his book "Are You Experienced?", co-authored with his long term wife Carol Appleby, he spoke openly about his disappointment in his being cut off from the profits of the continued sale of the Hendrix recordings. He signed away his royalties in 1974 and in 1980 sold the bass guitar he used with the Experience to a collector. Redding had received $100,000 as a one-off payment after he had been told that there would be no more releases of Jimi Hendrix Experience material. This was before the advent of CDs and DVDs.

paragraph: In 1990, Redding and Appleby were involved in a car crash returning home from a concert in Glounthaune. Appleby was left brain dead by the accident, with Redding later stating that "she was in intensive care on life support and after four days I had to make the terrible decision of shutting down the machine". They had been together for seventeen years and, just two days prior to the accident, Appleby had finished helping Redding co-write his autobiography.

paragraph: In 1997, Fender produced the Noel Redding Signature Jazz bass in a signed limited edition of 1000. Premiered at the NAMM Show in January 1997, the bass was based on the 1964 Jazz bass which Redding used throughout his time with the Experience. Redding tracked down the person to whom he had sold the bass some years prior, who agreed to allow Fender to inspect it. Redding stating that "Fender got the original bass from him, copied it, and sent me a prototype, and it was exactly the same as my original bass; they did a brilliant job".

paragraph: After meeting San Francisco musician and songwriter Keith Dion in London during the awarding of an English Heritage Blue Plaque Award in 1997, Noel performed several tours across the United States with Dion's band "3:05 AM". Recordings from these tours were released on the UK and European releases "West Cork Tuning" and "Stone Free". Video footage from these tours were shown in May 2014 during the now annual Noel Redding Tribute Festival held in Clonakilty each year. Positive feedback was also received from the Irish Cultural Minister and the head of the Irish Film Board.

paragraph: In 2002, a live album "Live From Bunkr, Prague" was released. Predominantly made up of Experience material, the concert was recorded in 1995 in the Czech Republic with guitarist and singer Anthony Krizan of the Spin Doctors, rhythm guitarist Ivan Kral of the Patti Smith Group and drummer Frankie LaRocka. The band rehearsed for a mere 45 minutes before performing. Vaclav Havel, the then President of the Czech Republic watched from the side of the stage

paragraph: Redding's last performance was in Clonakilty at De Barras pub, where he had held the Friday night residency for nearly 20 years, performing with some of the local musicians who appeared on his last album "Thanks You, Goodnight and Good Luck" including Steve Pawsey, Jeff Ward, Jim O'Neil, Eric Bell and Les Sampson.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Redding was found dead in his home in Clonakilty on 11 May 2003, three weeks after the death of his mother. A post mortem was carried out on 13 May at Cork University Hospital in Wilton, Cork. The report concluded that Redding died from "shock haemorrhage due to oesophageal varices in reaction to cirrhosis of the liver". He was 57 years old and survived by a brother and sister, and a son, Nicolas Noel Redding, by his former wife, Danish-born Susanne.

paragraph: In the village of Ardfield, local people erected a plaque to his memory. His then partner, the US born Deborah McNaughton had returned to America where she died from breast cancer nine months after Redding's death.

paragraph: Three months prior to his death, Redding had threatened to sue Experience Hendrix, LLC, the company that manages the Hendrix catalogue, for £3.26 million in lost earnings. The estate rejected his claim and went on to release a posthumous compilation album entitled "The Experience Sessions" in 2004. Along with unreleased takes of Redding-penned Experience album tracks "She's So Fine" and "Little Miss Strange", the album contained unreleased songs recorded by The Jimi Hendrix Experience which Redding had written whilst with the band. Most of the tracks are outtakes from the "Axis: Bold As Love" and "Electric Ladyland" albums, and feature Redding on guitar with Hendrix on bass. It also featured a live version of Hendrix's "Red House" with Redding on rhythm guitar. Notably the album features the song "Dream", but omits the other Redding-penned song "Dance" which was recorded during the same session on which Hendrix participated on bass. Written by Redding for drummer Mitch Mitchell to sing, Hendrix would later take Redding's guitar riff and use it for his own song "Ezy Rider", which was first released on the posthumous album "The Cry of Love".

paragraph: A town square in Redding's hometown of Folkestone was renamed "Noel's Yard" as a memorial, described as being "a public 'Theatre in a Square' which promotes commerce, the arts, entertainment, as well as the best of British seaside living within a vibrant and safe creative community".

paragraph: In 2013, an art exhibition was opened to mark the 10th anniversary of Redding's death. It was opened by his brother Anthony.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With The Loving Kind

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Accidental Love"/"Nothing Can Change This Love" (Piccadilly 7N 35299) 1966.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love The Things You Do"/"Treat Me Nice" (Piccadilly 7N 35318) 1966.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ain't That Peculiar"/"With Rhyme And Reason" (Piccadilly 7N 35342) 1966.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With The Jimi Hendrix Experience

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Are You Experienced" (1967) Polydor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1967) Track.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Electric Ladyland" (1968) Track.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Smash Hits" (1968) Track.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Radio One" (1989) Castle Communications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "BBC Sessions" (1998) MCA.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Experience Sessions" (2004) Image Entertainment.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Valleys of Neptune" (2010) Sony Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Both Sides of the Sky" (2018) Sony Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Fat Mattress

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fat Mattress" (1969) Polydor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fat Mattress II" (1970) Polydor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Naturally"/"Iridescent Butterfly" (Polydor 56352) 1969.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Magic Lanterns"/"Bright New Way" (Polydor 56367) 1969.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Highway"/"Black Sheep Of The Family" (Polydor 2058 053) 1970. (Does not perform on either track, but co-wrote the a-side)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Road

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Road" (1972) Natural Resources (a division of Motown); not to be confused with another band named The Road that had 2 LPs on Kama Sutra

paragraph: BULLET::::- with Randy California

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kapt. Kopter and the (Fabulous) Twirly Birds" (1972) Epic; appears pseudonymously on three tracks.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Noel Redding Band (aka The Clonakilty Cowboys)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clonakilty Cowboys" (1975) RCA.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blowin'" (1976) RCA.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Missing Album" (1995) Griffin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Roller Coaster Kids"/"Snowstorm" (RCA 2662).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Take It Easy"/"Back On The Road Again" (RCA PB 9026).

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Lord Sutch and Heavy Friends

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lord Sutch and Heavy Friends" (1970) Atlantic.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With British Invasion All-Stars

paragraph: BULLET::::- "British Invasion All-Stars" (2001) Mooreland Street.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With 305 AM and Keith Dion

paragraph: BULLET::::- "West Cork Tuning" (2001) Almafame.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "West Coast Experience" (2002) Prism Leisure

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stone Free" (2003) Dressed to Kill

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On Tour with 305 AM" (2003) Brilliant

paragraph: BULLET::::- "West Cork Tuning Deluxe Edition" (2003) Snapper

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Noel Redding and Friends

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live From Bunkr . Prague" (2002) Track Record.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thank You, Goodnight and Gud' Luck" (2009) Irenikon.com/Bluestone.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Yardbirds Experience

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Family Tree: Birds Of A Feather" (2006) Mooreland Street.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Sutch and Heavy Friends

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Noel Redding and Friends 2009 New Album - "Thank You, Goodnight & Gud Luck"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary from Billboard.com

alias:
David Redding
Noel David Redding

description: English rock and roll guitarist

wikidata_label: Noel Redding

wikipedia_title: Noel Redding


text:
French
Ottoman Empire
Islam
Limousin
Royal Marine Corps
regiment
Catinat
Villeroi
Vendôme
Netherlands
Luxembourg
court martial
Prince Eugene of Savoy
Austria
Ottoman Empire
Battle of Malplaquet
Peterwardein
Paris
Marshal de Biron
Belgrade
Low Countries
Marquis de Prié
pasha
Niš
Austrian-Ottoman war
Treaty of Belgrade
Serbia
Belgrade
Wallachia
Bosnia
mullah
Histoire de ma vie
Giacomo Casanova
sultan
Russia
Nader Shah
Chios
Porte
Black Sea
Constantinople
Prince de Ligne
A. Vandal
Franco-Ottoman alliance
Humbaracı

categories: 1747 deaths,French military leaders,Converts to Islam,1675 births,French Muslims,French emigrants to the Ottoman Empire

paragraph: Claude Alexandre de Bonneval

paragraph: Claude Alexandre, Comte de Bonneval (14 July 1675 – 23 March 1747), was a French army officer who later went into the service of the Ottoman Empire, eventually converting to Islam and becoming known as Humbaracı Ahmet Paşa.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the descendant of an old family of Limousin; at the age of thirteen he joined the Royal Marine Corps. After three years he entered the army, in which he rose to the command of a regiment. He served in the Italian campaigns under Catinat, Villeroi and Vendôme, and in the Netherlands under Luxembourg, giving proofs of indomitable courage and great military ability. His insolent bearing towards the minister of war was made matter for a court martial (1704). He was condemned to death, but saved himself by fleeing to Germany.

paragraph: Through the influence of Prince Eugene of Savoy he obtained a general's command in the Austrian army, and fought with great bravery and distinction against France, and afterwards against the Ottoman Empire. He was present at the Battle of Malplaquet, and was severely wounded at Peterwardein. The proceedings against him in France were then allowed to drop, and he visited Paris, and married a daughter of Marshal de Biron. He returned, however, after a short time to the Austrian army, and fought with distinction at Belgrade.

paragraph: He might now have risen to the highest rank, had he not made himself disagreeable to Prince Eugene, who sent him as master of the ordnance to the Low Countries. There his ungovernable temper led him into a quarrel with the Marquis de Prié, Eugene's deputy governor in the Netherlands, who answered his challenge by placing him in confinement. A court martial was again held upon him, and he was condemned to death; but the emperor commuted the sentence to one year's imprisonment and banishment. Bonneval was returned to Vienna, stripped of his rank, titles and honours, and exiled to Venice.

paragraph: Soon after his release, Bonneval offered his services to the Turkish government, professed Islam, and took the name of Ahmed. He was made a "pasha", and appointed to organize and command the Turkish artillery, eventually contributing to the Austrian defeat at Niš and the subsequent end of the Austrian-Ottoman war marked by the Treaty of Belgrade, where Austria lost northern Serbia with Belgrade, Lesser Wallachia, and territories in northern Bosnia. He was also close friends with a well-respected local mullah, Ismail Pasha.

paragraph: In his "Histoire de ma vie", the Venetian Giacomo Casanova described his meeting, at the age of 19, with the Count de Bonneval in Constantinople, giving his Muslim name as Osman rather than Ahmed.

paragraph: He rendered valuable services to the sultan in his war with Russia, and with the famous Nader Shah. As a reward he received the governorship of Chios, but he soon fell under the suspicion of the Porte, and was banished for a time to the shores of the Black Sea. He died at Constantinople in March 1747.

paragraph: The "Memoirs" published under his name are spurious. See

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince de Ligne, "Mémoire sur le comte de Bonneval" (Paris, 1817);

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Vandal, "Le Pacha Bonneval" (Paris, 1885).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franco-Ottoman alliance

paragraph: BULLET::::- Humbaracı

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

description: French Army officer

wikidata_label: Claude Alexandre de Bonneval

wikipedia_title: Claude Alexandre de Bonneval


text:
opera
soprano
bel canto
Genoa
Genoa
Lucia di Lammermoor
Novi Ligure
Royal Opera House
Covent Garden
Mussorgsky
Boris Godunov
Feodor Chaliapin
basso
La bohème
coloratura
Bellini
La sonnambula
Donizetti
Don Pasquale
Mozart
Il Seraglio
Verdi
Un ballo in maschera
La Scala
Thomas
Mignon
The Barber of Seville
Auber
Fra Diavolo
Rimsky-Korsakov
The Golden Cockerel
Sadko
Stravinsky
The Nightingale
Richard Strauss
Die schweigsame Frau
Mascagni
Nerone
San Carlo
Naples
La traviata
madonna
L'elisir d'amore
La Scala
EMI
Maria Callas
I puritani
Brünnhilde
Wagner
Die Walküre
Teatro La Fenice
Venice
Menotti
Amelia Goes to the Ball
MGM
Hollywood
Lanfranco Rasponi

categories: 20th-century opera singers,1908 births,2005 deaths,Fonotipia Records artists,20th-century women singers,20th-century Italian singers,Italian women journalists,People from Genoa,Italian operatic sopranos

paragraph: Margherita Carosio

paragraph: Margherita Carosio (7 June 1908 – 10 January 2005) was an Italian operatic soprano. Her voice is preserved in many Parlophone and Ultraphon recordings made before World War II, as well as a memorable series made for HMV in London, beginning in 1946. She was still singing leading roles in her early sixties and was considered one of the leading bel canto sopranos of her day. She was born and died in Genoa.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Carosio was born in Genoa, the daughter of a singing teacher and composer, Natale Carosio, who not only supervised her studies but launched her on a career in public concerts at 14. She once said of her father: ""Everything I became I owe to him. I used to say to him: 'I am good wool, but you are an extraordinary weaver.'""

paragraph: She appeared in public at the extraordinarily young age of 14. In 1924, still only 16, she made her operatic debut in the taxing role of Lucia di Lammermoor at the Teatro Cavour in Novi Ligure. In 1928, she was recommended by soprano Margherita Sheridan to the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, to sing the role of Feodor in Mussorgsky's "Boris Godunov", with Feodor Chaliapin. She, like the rest of the company, sang in Italian, Chaliapin sang in Russian, and the chorus used French. The death scene was recorded live and Carosio's clear tones can easily be discerned. Later she said that working with the great Russian basso made her realise what it meant not just to take on a role but to "become" it. In the same season, she also sang Musetta in "La bohème". She would not return to London until after the Second World War.

paragraph: Carosio was soon singing all over Italy, in demand for roles requiring her light, coloratura voice - notably Amina in Bellini's "La sonnambula", Norina in Donizetti's "Don Pasquale", and Konstanze in Mozart's "Il Seraglio". Oscar in Verdi's "Un ballo in maschera" was her debut role at La Scala in 1929, followed by an enchanting Philine in Thomas's "Mignon". She sang many parts at La Scala, all to great acclaim. Perhaps her particular starring role at this time was Rosina in "The Barber of Seville". She also essayed more adventurous repertory, including Zerlina in Auber's "Fra Diavolo", the Queen of Shemakhan in Rimsky-Korsakov's "The Golden Cockerel", Volkhova in his "Sadko" and the title role of Stravinsky's "The Nightingale". She sang Aminta in the first Italian performances of Richard Strauss's "Die schweigsame Frau", and Egloge in the 1935 world-premiere of Mascagni's "Nerone" (in which she stole all the reviews), both at La Scala, where she continued to appear until 1955.

paragraph: Returning to London in 1946 London, as a leading star of the visiting San Carlo company of Naples, she sang a peculiarly affecting Violetta in "La traviata". She had previously been much admired by the troops who had seen her in this role in Naples. Elegant, pretty, petite and with a gift of charm mixed with pathos, the madonna-faced Carosio portrayed the demi-mondaine as to the manner born. Later still, she appeared with a scratch Italian company in one of her most piquant roles, that of the flighty Adina in Donizetti's "L'elisir d'amore", which she had also sung at La Scala and recorded for EMI.

paragraph: Carosio is most often remembered today as the singer whose indisposition in January 1949 led to Maria Callas learning and singing the role of Elvira in Bellini's "I puritani" in five days, while she was performing Brünnhilde in Wagner's "Die Walküre" at Teatro La Fenice in Venice.

paragraph: Latterly, she was noted in the more lyrical roles of Mimi and Violetta; her purity of tone and ability to convey vulnerability were very appropriate to these parts. As late as 1954, she returned to La Scala to appear in the house premiere of Menotti's "Amelia Goes to the Ball", which she also recorded. She had a brief career in Italian films, and even received an offer from MGM in Hollywood, which she turned down because of her many commitments. But she evinced her popular appeal in recordings of songs of the day.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement and death.

paragraph: Carosio retired from the operatic stage in 1959 and for the next 40 years pursued a second career as a journalist and music critic in her hometown, where she died in 2005, aged 96.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Last Prima Donnas", by Lanfranco Rasponi, Alfred A Knopf, 1982;

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Margherita Carosio. La diva che amava i gioielli", by Andrea Lanzola, in "Étude" n° 31, July–August–September 2005 (Association internationale de chant Lyrique TITTA RUFFO. Site: titta-ruffo-international.jimdo.com).

description: singer

wikidata_label: Margherita Carosio

wikipedia_title: Margherita Carosio


text:
Ancient Egypt
Kh
'
y
Vizier
Ramesses II
19th dynasty
Abydos
Amun
Two Lands
Ramesses II
Paser
sed
Ramesses II
Silsila
Both Lands
Nekhen
Khaemwaset
Sheikh Abd el-Qurna
Université libre de Bruxelles
pyramidion
Ra-Harakhty

categories: Viziers of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt,People of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt,Ramesses II,Ancient Egyptian viziers

paragraph: Khay (vizier)

paragraph: The Ancient Egyptian Noble Khay, (Kh-'-y) was Vizier, in the latter part of the reign of Ramesses II, during the 19th dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: A family stela from Abydos mentions that Khay was the son of Hai and Nub-em-niut. Khay's father was said to be greatly favored by the Lord of the Two Lands and a Troop Commander of the goodly god. Khay's mother Nub-em-niut was a chantress of Amun and Lady of the House. Khay's wife is named Yam.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Khay grew up as the son of the Troop Commander Hai. A stela from Abydos shows that Khay started his career as the First Royal Herald of the Lord of the Two Lands. He was charged with reporting the affairs of Egypt.

paragraph: In year 26 of Ramesses II, Khay was appointed Vizier. He may have succeeded Paser in office. After year 40, Khay was in charge of announcing the "sed" jubilees held by Ramesses II. In West Silsila a stela pronounces that ""The Lord of Both Lands, Usermaatre Setepenre, Lord of Crowns, Ramesses II, given life like Re forever. His Majesty decreed that the Hereditary Noble and Count, God's Father beloved of the God, Guardian of Nekhen, Prophet of Maat, Judge and Dignitary, City-governor and Vizier, Khay, , be charged to proclaim the Jubilee festival in the entire land, throughout the South and the North."" The previous "sed" festivals had been announced by the King's Son Khaemwaset and Khay both.

paragraph: Section::::Burial.

paragraph: Khay was buried in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, Thebes, where a mud brick pyramid belonging to the tomb complex was found by the mission of Université libre de Bruxelles in 2013. The pyramid would have stood about high and was approximately wide. The pyramid was capped with a pyramidion depicting Khay before the god Ra-Harakhty.

description: Egyptian vizier

wikidata_label: Khay

wikipedia_title: Khay (vizier)


text: American

text: USMC

text: combat artist

text: United States Marine Corps

text: war artists

text: Vietnam War

text: War artist

text: American official war artists

text: Michael D. Fay

text: Sketchpad Warrior blog

categories: Truman State University alumni,American war artists,Living people,United States Marines

paragraph: Kristopher Battles

paragraph: Kristopher J. Battles is an American artist, known as the last remaining USMC combat artist in 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Battles joined the Corps in 1986. He served as a computer operator, combat correspondent and chaplain’s assistant. He had to reenlist for active duty as a combat artist.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:War artist.

paragraph: The United States Marine Corps supported more than 70 war artists in World War II; and the number of combat artists has declined since the end of the Vietnam War. In July 2010, the Corps supports only one last combat artist. Unless something happens, Sergeant Battles will become notable as the last of his kind.

paragraph: Since World War I, a long line of American servicemen-artists have produced artwork based on their experiences in combat. The USMC artists have documented the life of Marines in the field. Like his predecessors, Sgt. Battles' artwork develops during a process of "balancing a tactical eye as a Marine" with the "artist's visual eye" and also noticing the way the light is bouncing off the body armor. Battles' deployment to Iraq gave him a sharper eye for what can be portrayed in a combat zone.

paragraph: "Go to war, do art" is the motto of a Marine combat artist. The mission is to capture images of war on canvases and sketchpads.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: United States Marine Corps Combat Correspondents Association, Merit Award, First Place Combat Art.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- War artist

paragraph: BULLET::::- American official war artists

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael D. Fay

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sanborn, James K. "Heroics illustrated, comic-book style," "Marine Corps Times." March 24, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sketchpad Warrior blog

description: United States Marine

wikidata_label: Kristopher Battles

wikipedia_title: Kristopher Battles


text:
Falkenstein
Vienna
coadjutor
Archdiocese of Vienna
Titular Archbishop of Cartagine
cardinal
Upper Austria
Order of the Golden Fleece
Ernst von Trautson zu Falkenstein
Prince-Bishop of Vienna
doctorate
canon
Salzburg
Passau
Wroclaw
Ardagger
Sigismund von Kollonitsch
Protestant
Maria Theresa
University of Vienna
cardinal-priest
St. Stephen's Cathedral

categories: 1757 deaths,1707 births,Archbishops of Vienna

paragraph: Johann Joseph von Trautson

paragraph: Johann Joseph Graf von Trautson zu Falkenstein (17 July 1707, Falkenstein – 10 March 1757, Vienna) was a Roman Catholic clergyman, in 1750 was coadjutor of the Archdiocese of Vienna and Titular Archbishop of Cartagine, was appointed from 1751 to 1757 the Prince-Archbishop of Vienna, and was from 1756 to 1757 a cardinal.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He came from the Tyrolean Uradel, was a younger son of the Imperial Count Johann Leopold Donat von Trautson zu Falkenstein (d. 1724), Lord in Upper Austria, Imperial High Steward, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece and his wife, Theresia Ungnad von Weissenwolff Freiin zu Sonnegg u. Ennsegg (d. 1741). Decisive for his career was his uncle, Ernst von Trautson zu Falkenstein, who from 1685 to 1702 was Prince-Bishop of Vienna.

paragraph: After a theological education, Trautson earned his doctorate in the Holy Scriptures. The ordination he received on 26 September 1728 in Salzburg. He was first canon in Salzburg, then canon in Passau and Wroclaw, and provost of Ardagger.

paragraph: On 7 December 1750 he was appointed coadjutor of the Archdiocese of Vienna and titular archbishop of Cartagine. The episcopal consecration was bestowed by Archbishop Sigismund von Kollonitsch on 25 December of the same year. After the death of Cardinal Kollonitsch, he headed from 17 May 1751 the diocese as prince-archbishop.

paragraph: In a pastoral letter of 1 January 1752, he denounced the abuses of sermons, the superstitious beliefs of the people and excesses of indulgences. He was accused of being a Protestant.

paragraph: Maria Theresa appointed him protector of the theological and philosophical sciences at the University of Vienna and head of the new building of the university (now Old University and seat of the Austrian Academy of Sciences).

paragraph: Shortly before his death he was appointed on 5 April 1756 cardinal-priest. He was buried in the episcopal tomb of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franz Hadriga: "Die Trautson. Paladine Habsburgs." Styria, Graz u. a. 1996, , S. 139–142.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franz Loidl: "Geschichte des Erzbistums Wien." Herold, Wien 1983, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernst Tomek: "Kirchengeschichte Österreichs." Tyrolia, Innsbruck – Wien – München 1935–59.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Josef Wodka: "Kirche in Österreich. Wegweiser durch ihre Geschichte." Herder, Wien 1959.

description: Austrian priest

wikidata_label: Johann Joseph von Trautson

wikipedia_title: Johann Joseph von Trautson


text: Viking

text: Ireland

text: Ólchobar mac Cináeda, King of Munster

text: Lorcán mac Cellaig, King of Leinster

text: Gaelic

text: earl

text: loanword

text: Laithlind

text: Amlaíb

text: kingship of Dublin

text: Ímar

text: Auisle

text: hoard

text: Carolingian coins

text: Aquitaine

text: Vestfold

text: Uí Ímair

text: Þór

text: Nordic deity

text: Annals of Inisfallen

text: Annals of the Four Masters

text: Annals of Ulster

text: Chronicon Scotorum

text: earl

text: Laithlind

text: Vikings

text: parish

text: Castledermot

text: provincial

text: Ólchobar mac Cináeda, King of Munster

text: Lorcán mac Cellaig, King of Leinster

text: fl.

text: Laithlind

text: Dublin

text: Linn Duachaill

text: Carlingford Lough

text: Amlaíb

text: c.

text: Ímar

text: Auisle

text: Fragmentary Annals of Ireland

text: Gofraid

text: Uí Ímair

text: Ingware

text: Great Army

text: Anglo-Saxon England

text: Albdann

text: West Saxons

text: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

text: Gaelic

text: earl

text: Old Norse

text: loanword

text: Old Irish

text: Scotland

text: Northern Isles

text: Western Isles

text: Isle of Man

text: Norway

text: Irish Sea

text: Annals of Clonmacnoise

text: Annals of Tigernach

text: Amlaíb

text: Sitriuc mac Amlaíb, King of Dublin

text: ransom

text: Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó

text: Nordic mythology

text: Þór

text: eponym

text: Caill Tomair

text: Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib

text: Lebor na Cert

text: Charlemagne

text: High King of Ireland

text: Oistin

text: Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid

text: Tigernach mac Fócartai

text: score

text: Eóganacht Chaisil

text: Annales Bertiniani

text: Charles II, King of the Franks

text: Anglo-Saxon England

text: hoard

text: Carolingian

text: Ballymore Eustace

text: hoard

text: Aquitaine

text: Vestfold

categories: Lochlann,848 deaths,9th-century rulers in Europe,9th century in Ireland

paragraph: Tomrair

paragraph: Tomrair (died 848) was a ninth-century Viking active in Ireland. He is one of the first Vikings recorded by Irish sources. Tomrair is reported to have been killed at the Battle of Sciath Nechtain, a conflict in which twelve hundred Vikings were slain, battling the combined forces of Ólchobar mac Cináeda, King of Munster and Lorcán mac Cellaig, King of Leinster, in 848.

paragraph: Surviving accounts of Tomrair's demise accord him the Gaelic title ', making him the first earl noted by Irish sources. In fact, ' is the first Nordic loanword on record. Tomrair is also described as the ' of ', which could mean that he was either an heir or deputy to the King of '. The accounts of Tomrair's final fall are the earliest annalistic references to the office of '. The precise identity of the King of "", or even location of "Laithlind" itself, is uncertain.

paragraph: The context of Tomrair's fall is likewise uncertain. The year after his death, the King of ' is reported to have sent a force of Vikings to contend with Vikings already settled in Ireland. In the years immediately after this, a group of Vikings called ' are noted to have battled another group called '. Afterwards in 853, a certain Amlaíb, described as the son of the King of ' is stated to have won the submission of the Vikings in Ireland, and to have gained tribute from the Irish. It is uncertain if the Vikings of ' are to identical to the ' or ". In the years that followed, three Vikings appear to have shared the kingship of Dublin: Amlaíb, Ímar, and Auisle. These men could well have been related to each other, and there is reason to suspect that Tomrair was yet another relation as well.

paragraph: The year of Tomrair's death is remarkable in the fact that the Irish won several battles against the Vikings. Tomrair's eminent standing as a Viking " could indicate that it was his defeat and death that is referred to by a Frankish annal in 848. It is possible that a hoard of Carolingian coins, unearthed at Mullaghboden in the nineteenth century, may have been deposited in the context of Tomrair's defeat. These coins appear to have been looted from Aquitaine only a few years before by Vikings from Vestfold.

paragraph: Tomrair may be associated with the "ring of Tomar", an object that was looted from Dublin in 994, along with the "sword of Carlus". These objects appear to have formed part of the royal insignia of Dublin, and may have been symbols of the Uí Ímair dynasty descended from Ímar. At about the same time that the ring appears on record, the Dubliners are described in Irish poetry as the "race of Tomar" and "Tomar's nobles". If these designations are not references to Þór, a Nordic deity, they may refer to Tomrair.

paragraph: Section::::Attestations and death.

paragraph: Tomrair died in 848. His death is reported by the eleventh–fourteenth-century "Annals of Inisfallen", the seventeenth-century "Annals of the Four Masters", the fifteenth–sixteenth-century "Annals of Ulster", and the twelfth-century "Chronicon Scotorum". These accounts reveal that Tomrair—accorded the title of earl, and described as "" of "Laithlind"—fell with twelve hundred Vikings at the Battle of Sciath Nechtain, a conflict evidently fought at Skenagun in the parish of Castledermot. Tomrair's troops were pitted against the combined forces of two of the most powerful provincial kings of Ireland: Ólchobar mac Cináeda, King of Munster (died 851) and Lorcán mac Cellaig, King of Leinster (fl. 848).

paragraph: The King of "Laithlind" may be identical to the King of the Foreigners attested by the Irish annals in the following year. According to various annalistic accounts, the said king sent a fleet of one hundred and forty ships overseas to contend with Vikings already settled in Ireland. In 851, a contingent of ' are stated to have arrived in Dublin, where they defeated the ' before overcoming them again at Linn Duachaill. The year after that, the ' are again reported to have crushed the ', this time at Carlingford Lough. In 853, Amlaíb (fl. c.853–871), the son of the King of ', is reported to have arrived and Ireland, where the Vikings are stated to have submitted to him, and the Irish are reported to have rendered him tribute. Although the annal-entries that report this event are the first specific notices of Amlaíb by name, he may well have commanded the Vikings of ' in the earlier attested conflicts.

paragraph: Section::::Context.

paragraph: Section::::Context.:Familial relations and rank.

paragraph: Thereafter, Dublin was evidently ruled by three kings: Amlaíb, Ímar (died 973), and Auisle (died 867). There is reason to suspect that the three were brothers. The eleventh-century "Fragmentary Annals of Ireland" certainly claims that the three were brothers, and specifically identifies the father of Amlaíb and Ímar as a man named Gofraid.

paragraph: The fact that several of Ímar's apparent descendants—the Uí Ímair—repeatedly bore forms of the personal names "Albdann", "Amlaíb", "Auisle", and "Ímar", could further be evidence of shared kinship. If Ímar is identical to Ingware (died 869/870?)—a like-named leader of the Viking Great Army in Anglo-Saxon England—other brothers may include Albdann (died 877), and an unidentified Viking commander slain against the West Saxons in 878. The latter two are certainly described as Ingware's brothers by the ninth- to twelfth-century "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle".

paragraph: Another brother could have been Tomrair himself. In any case, Tomrair could have been a member of the royal family of ', and specifically related to Amlaíb. The "Fragmentary Annals of Ireland" assigns Ímar the following pedigree: "'". Although this pedigree may not be accurate, Gofraid, the alleged father of Amlaíb and Ímar, may well have been an historical figure. This man could be identical to the like-named King of ' whose death is recorded by the "Fragmentary Annals of Ireland". Although the identity of King of ' is nevertheless uncertain, it is clear that Tomrair was himself a very important man. He is one of the earliest Vikings named by Irish sources.

paragraph: The earliest instance of the Gaelic title ' (later ') is the account of Tomrair's demise reported by the "Annals of Ulster". The term itself, meaning "earl", is derived from the Old Norse "", and is the first Nordic loanword on record in Old Irish. The Scandinavian title of "jarl" referred to a king's subordinate or deputy, a man who held some form of vice-regal authority over a particular region.

paragraph: The historical accounts of Tomrair are the earliest annalistic references to the office of "". The precise meaning of this Gaelic title—forms of which are accorded to Tomrair by the "Annals of the Four Masters", the "Annals of Ulster", the "Chronicle of Ireland", and "Chronicon Scotorum"—is uncertain. One possibility is that it means "awaited one of a king", "heir", "heir designate", "heir-designate", "designated successor", "heir apparent". "heir-apparent of a king", "king designate", or "royal heir". Another possibility is that it means "deputy", "military second-in-command", "representative", "second in command to a king", "second in rank or power", "second of a king", or "second to a king".

paragraph: Section::::Context.:', and the identity of the ' and "".

paragraph: The record of Tomrair's demise is the first notice of the term ' utilised by the Irish annals. The location of the ninth-century ' is uncertain. One possibility is that forms of the word refer to a Viking-controlled region of Scotland, the Northern Isles, the Western Isles, and the Isle of Man. Another possibility is that the term refers to Norway, or else a region within Norway. In later centuries, forms of the term ' came to be replaced by forms of "Lochlainn". It is unknown if the two terms originally had different meanings or if they were merely conflated. Whatever its true location, the fact that Tomrair is assigned the title ' of ', coupled with the fact that Amlaíb is identified as the son of the King of ', seems to suggest that " was regarded as a well-defined kingdom as opposed to an obscure region.

paragraph: The annal-entries of 848–853 can be interpreted in a variety of ways. On one hand, the accounts may be evidence that the Vikings from ' were the earliest Vikings in Ireland, and that these people reasserted themselves in Ireland after a temporary takeover by the '. If correct, Tomrair's demise in 848 may well have been seized upon by the ' early in the 850s, which in turn precipitated a retaliatory response from the King of ' in the form of an 853 invasion to restore hegemony in Ireland. On the other hand, the annal-entries could instead indicate that the ' and the Vikings from ' are identical, and that this group of incomers overcame Vikings previously established in Ireland. In either case, it is possible that the terms ' and ' refer to the order of arrival. As such, the terminology attributed to one group of Vikings—the '—may have been a way of distinguishing an incoming group of Vikings from an earlier-established group—the '.

paragraph: The specific meanings behind the Gaelic terms ' and ' are uncertain. Literally, the former translates as "Dark Foreigners", whilst the latter translates as "Fair Foreigners". Whilst it is possible that the ninth-century forms of these terms refer to separate ethnicities or cultural groups—such as Danes and Norwegians respectively—the terms may instead refer to political power blocs specific to Britain and Ireland. For example, there is reason to suspect that the term ' merely denotes Vikings under the leadership of the associates and descendants of Ímar, whilst the term ' refers to an older order of Vikings active in Ireland before the '. Although it is possible that Amlaíb and Ímar were related, an alternate possibility is that the men merely came to an accommodation with each other as opposing representatives of the ' and '. As such, it is conceivable that Ímar represented the ', whilst Amlaíb represented the '. If correct, Amlaíb's dramatic arrival in Ireland, following the temporary intrusion by the ', would seem to have resulted in a period of reconciliation between both parties.

paragraph: If the accounts of Tomrair, Amlaíb, and the Vikings of ' refer to royal Norwegian intervention in Ireland, it is conceivable that had Tomrair held authority in Dublin, and that the King of ' moved to regain control of the region after his demise. The subsequent actions of the Vikings of ' may have been undertaken in the specific context of recovering control of an important node in their trade network. As such, there is reason to suspect that Viking trading centres such as Dublin were founded by powers in Scandinavia, as opposed to enterprising independent Vikings oversea. The conflict between the ' and "" could be evidence of competition to control such trade nodes in the region. Such conflict between competing Danish and Norwegian interests in the Irish Sea region could also represent an early phase in the eventual consolidation of royal power in Norway.

paragraph: Section::::The "ring of Tomar".

paragraph: In time, the Uí Ímair possessed royal power in the Irish Sea region for centuries. There is reason to suspect that this dynasty reinforced its right to rule by way of royal insignia specifically recorded by the Irish annals. For example, when Dublin was invaded by Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, King of Mide (died 1022) in 994, the seventeenth-century "Annals of Clonmacnoise", the "Annals of the Four Masters", the fourteenth-century "Annals of Tigernach", and "Chronicon Scotorum", report that the Irish seized from the Dubliners the "sword of Carlus" and the "ring of Tomar". In 1029, when Mathgamain ua Riacáin is reported to have taken hostage Amlaíb, son of Sitriuc mac Amlaíb, King of Dublin, Mathgamain exacted a remarkable ransom that included the "sword of Carlus". The sword is last noted in 1058, when it was reported in the possession of Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó (died 1072), a man otherwise known to have brought both Dublin and the Isle of Man under his authority by 1060.

paragraph: The various accounts of the sword and ring reveal that the objects were powerful ceremonial symbols, and important parts of Dublin's royal regalia. Swords and hammers are depicted upon some Anglo-Scandinavian coins. One possibility is that these symbols are identical to the "ring of Tomar" and "sword of Carlus", and are thus symbols of the Uí Ímair. The identities of Carlus and Tomar are nevertheless uncertain. The Gaelic ' may be a form of the Old Norse ', the name of a divine figure in Nordic mythology. The former is also a variant of the personal name "Tomrair", which is in turn a Gaelicised form of the Old Norse personal name "", a name itself derived from "Þór".

paragraph: On one hand, the Tomar of the ring may be the god Þór. It is possible that the eponym of the ring is identical to that of Caill Tomair ("The Wood of Tomar"), a forest seemingly situated north of Dublin, attested in the late tenth century by the "Annals of Inisfallen", the "Annals of Tigernach", the twelfth-century "Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib", and "Chronicon Scotorum". The wood has been specifically associated with Þór, and regarded to have been a place of pagan significance in Viking Age Ireland. If the ring was indeed a reference to a heathen cult object, the fact that only the sword is attested in the tenth century could indicate that an association between the dynasty and a pagan item was undesirable.

paragraph: If the ring does not specifically refer to a pagan god, it could well refer to Tomrair himself. Although Irish sources reveal that at least three later Vikings bore the same name, Tomrair was clearly the most eminent of these individuals. Certain notices by the "Annals of the Four Masters" and the twelfth-century "Lebor na Cert"—specifically fragments of poetry coeval with the records of the sword and ring—respectively describe the Dubliners as the "race of Tomar" and "Tomar's nobles". If these specific instances do not refer to the pagan deity, it is possible that they refer to Tomrair himself, and reveal that his memory was held in high esteem by the ruling dynasty of Dublin.

paragraph: The eponym behind the "sword of Carlus" is likewise uncertain. One possibility is that the name refers to the Frankish emperor Charlemagne. Another possibility is that Carlus is identical to Carlus mac Cuinn meic Donnchada (died 960). Not only does this man appear to have been the grandson of a High King of Ireland, but he was also slain in Dublin. However, there may be a more likely candidate. Ímar's associate, Amlaíb, is known to have had two sons: one was Carlus, a man slain in 868; another was Oistin, a man slain by the "" commander Albdann, in 875. The latter Carlus could well be the eponym behind the "sword of Carlus". As such, Tomrair's certain connection with this man's father could be evidence that Tomrair is indeed the eponym behind the "ring of Tomar".

paragraph: Section::::Epilogue.

paragraph: Irish sources report that the Vikings suffered several remarkable defeats to the Irish in 848. For example, the record of a victory by Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid, with seven hundred Viking dead; the notice of Tomrair's defeat against Ólchobar and Lorcán, with twelve hundred Viking dead; the record of a victory by Tigernach mac Fócartai, with another twelve hundred (or twelve score) Vikings slain; and the record of Vikings defeated by the Eóganacht Chaisil, with five hundred Vikings killed.

paragraph: News of Irish successes are known to have reached the Frankish court in the following year, as the ninth-century "Annales Bertiniani" states that the Irish won a great victory against the Vikings, driving them out of their lands, and that the Irish sent an envoy to Charles II, King of the Franks (died 877), in an effort to negotiate an alliance and treaty with the Franks. Although any of the Irish victories of 848 could have inspired a Frankish chronicler to make note of the island, it could well have been Tomrair's eminent status—and his ultimate destruction—that was the true catalyst for this overseas annal-entry. In any case, there is a drastic decline in reported Viking attacks in Ireland after the 840s, and it is evident that the era of ninth-century massed Viking incursions was over for the Irish. By the 860s and 870s, however, the Vikings had turned their attention towards Anglo-Saxon England.

paragraph: In 1871, a Viking Age hoard of at least eleven Carolingian coins was uncovered at Mullaghboden, near Ballymore Eustace. The hoard appears to have been originally deposited as early as about 847. This could mean that it was hidden by Vikings fleeing the Battle of Sciath Nechtain in 848. The hoard itself appears to have been composed of coins looted from Aquitaine only a few years previous, a haul possibly pillaged by the Viking fleet of "" contemporaneously attested by the ninth–eleventh-century "Annales Engolismenses". This force was evidently composed of men from Vestfold, a region of eastern Norway evidently under Danish overlordship during the ninth century.

wikidata_label: Tomrair

wikipedia_title: Tomrair


text: American Football

text: Center

text: college football

text: UCLA Bruins

text: walk-on

text: student-athlete

text: Jim Mora

text: redshirt

text: Japan

text: Tokyo, Japan

text: Redondo Beach, California

text: Shorinji Kempo

text: Japanese martial art

text: Redondo Union High School

text: Redondo Beach, California

text: IFAF U-19 World Cup

text: Austin, Texas

text: Santa Monica College

text: starting

text: American Pacific Conference

text: Bruin

text: redshirted

text: scout team

text: University of Arizona

text: UNLV

text: BYU

text: special teams

text: Oregon State

text: USC

text: Cal

text: University of Hawaii

text: Texas A&M

text: California

text: bowl-eligible

text: Kansas State Wildcats

text: 2017 Cactus Bowl

text: Athletic Director's

text: Academic Honor Roll

text: UCLA Bruins bio

categories: Sportspeople from Redondo Beach, California,Players of American football from California,American sportspeople of Japanese descent,American football centers,Japanese players of American football,1993 births,Living people

paragraph: Gyo Shojima

paragraph: Tatsuaki Gyo Shojima (庄島 辰尭 born August 18, 1993) is an American Football Center. He played college football for the UCLA Bruins as a walk-on student-athlete under head coach Jim Mora. As a redshirt junior, Shojima became the first Japanese-born student-athlete of full Japanese heritage, nationality and citizenship to play in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) game.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Shojima was born in Tokyo, Japan to Tatsuhiro and Hiroko Shojima and at age nine, moved to Redondo Beach, California with his family.

paragraph: He grew up learning Shorinji Kempo, an esoteric Japanese martial art in which he holds a black belt in, and was not introduced to American football until he entered high school.

paragraph: On September 30, 2010, he subdued an armed robber at a gas station. Shojima thanks his martial arts background and football experience for this accomplishment.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.

paragraph: Shojima attended Redondo Union High School, a public high school in Redondo Beach, California before transferring to in Tokyo, Japan.

paragraph: Upon graduating high school in 2012, he was selected onto the Japanese National football team to compete in the IFAF U-19 World Cup hosted at Austin, Texas from June 30 to July 8.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Santa Monica College.

paragraph: After graduating from Tokyo Nishi Metropolitan high school, Shojima attended Santa Monica College. While playing for the Santa Monica Corsairs football team, Shojima earned a starting position under head coach Gifford Lindheim. In his second season, he took on a role as a team captain. After completing two consecutive seasons as American Pacific Conference Champions at Santa Monica College, Shojima transferred to UCLA as a preferred walk-on.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:University of California, Los Angeles.

paragraph: An Geography and Environmental Studies major, Shojima began taking classes at UCLA in September 2015. As a Bruin, Shojima redshirted his first year and contributed on the scout team; earning a scout player award in week 4 against University of Arizona.

paragraph: He continued to contribute as a scout team player during his second year at UCLA and earned back-to-back scout player awards in week 2 against UNLV, and week 3 against BYU. During the winning game against UNLV, Shojima saw action as a reserve center, becoming the first Japanese-born student-athlete of full Japanese heritage, nationality and citizenship to play in NCAA Division I FBS game. Shojima continued to see action as a member of special teams versus BYU, Oregon State, USC and Cal. Shojima took on a role of sideline signal caller during his second season as well.

paragraph: In his third and final year at UCLA, Shojima saw action as a reserve center during week 2 against University of Hawaii and started in all 13 games as a special teams performer. In the season opener against Texas A&M, UCLA Bruins overcame a 34-point deficit, the largest comeback in school history and the second-most ever in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). After defeating California in their regular season finale, the Bruins became bowl-eligible and stayed undefeated at home for the first time since 2005. Although Bruins were defeated by the Kansas State Wildcats in the 2017 Cactus Bowl, Shojima once again had the honor of becoming the first Japanese player to play in the Division I FBS Bowl Game.

paragraph: Shojima has been named to the Athletic Director's Academic Honor Roll in six consecutive academic quarters since Spring 2016 quarter.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- UCLA Bruins bio

description: American-football player (1993-)

wikidata_label: Gyo Shojima

wikipedia_title: Gyo Shojima


text:
Strasbourg
Flammarion
Centre national du livre
Antoinette Fouque
France Culture
prix Médicis
Comédie-Française
Centre Pompidou
A Moon for the Misbegotten
Eugene O'Neill
Festival d'Avignon
Théâtre national de Chaillot
Tom Raworth
Elizabeth Bishop
Denise Levertov
Rose Ausländer
Christine Lavant
Ingeborg Bachmann
Prix France Culture
Cino Del Duca
Catherine Weinzaepflen
Bio-bibliographie
Catherine Weinzaepflen
"Avec Ingeborg"
Catherine Weinzaepflen
Catherine Weinzaepflen

categories: 21st-century French writers,20th-century French women writers,20th-century French writers,1946 births,Prix France Culture winners,People from Strasbourg,21st-century French women writers

paragraph: Catherine Weinzaepflen

paragraph: Catherine Weinzaepflen (born 1 July 1946, Strasbourg) is a French writer

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Weinzaepflen spent her childhood in Alsace and the Central African Republic, studied literature in Strasbourg and lives in Paris since 1977. She made many trips to the Middle East (Turkey, Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan) which, like Africa, permeate her books.

paragraph: With Christiane Veschambre, she created and co-directs the literary magazine "Land" (1981-1984). In 1986, birth of his daughter Fanny whose father is the painter Michel Potage. From 1990 to 2000, she regularly stayed in Los Angeles, and from 2010 to 2014 in Sydney.

paragraph: She is a member of the Reading Committee of Flammarion (1991-1993), then a member of the Commission Poésie of the Centre national du livre (2003–2006). She has created writing workshops that she continues to lead (École supérieure des Arts décoratifs de Strasbourg, 1996–2010 ) ; École spéciale d'architecture de Paris (since 2004). She regularly collaborates with the "CCP" ("Cahier Critique de Poésie").

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976: "L'Eau jaune", éditions Traboule

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977: "Dans le texte", éditions La Main Bleue

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977: "La Distance intime", éditions Coprah

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980: "Cracher l'Afrique", Atelier de l'Agneau (Belgium)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989: "Les Maisons", Spectres familiers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: "Les Mains dans le jaune absent", followed by "York &", Le Scorff

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Le Temps du tableau", Editions Des femmes-Antoinette Fouque

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Ode à un kangourou", Editions de l'Attente

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Ô l'explosion des poppies, "Editions de l'Attente

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "avec Ingeborg," Editions Des femmes- Antoinette Fouque

paragraph: BULLET::::- Novels

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977: "Isocelles", Des Femmes

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978: "La Farnésine, jardins", Des Femmes

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983: "Portrait et un rêve", Flammarion, (Prix France Culture)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: "Am See", Flammarion; L'Atelier des Brisants; Des femmes-Antoinette Fouque, 2007 (radio drama for France Culture broadcast in 1979 under the title "La Parole nomade")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: "Totem", Flammarion, (selected for the prix Médicis)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989: "L'Ampleur du monde", Flammarion

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992: "D'où êtes-vous ?", Flammarion

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Ismaëla", L'Atelier des Brisants

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Allée des Géants", L'Atelier des Brisants

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "La Place de mon théâtre", Farrago

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Orpiment", Des Femmes–Antoinette Fouque

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Celle-là", Des femmes-Antoinette Fouque

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "La Vie sauve," Des femmes-Antoinette Fouque

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theatre

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: "Danube jaune" (commissioned by the Comédie-Française), mise-en-scène at Centre Pompidou

paragraph: BULLET::::- Texts

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975: « Entre ON et OFF », in "Marguerite Duras", éditions Albatros

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980: « Fin de repas à China Cafe », in "Manger", éditions Yellow Now

paragraph: BULLET::::- various articles in the magazines "Minuit, Traverses, Autrement (Paris mode d'emploi), Première Livraison, Anima, Land, Incendits" (Belgium), "Recueil, Jungle, Faire-Part, Murs murs, Temporali" (Italy), "If, Action poétique", etc.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Translations

paragraph: BULLET::::- From English

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Moon for the Misbegotten" by Eugene O'Neill, directed by at Festival d'Avignon and at Théâtre national de Chaillot, 1987

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Filon" by Tom Raworth, éditions CIPM/Spectres familiers, 1991

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poèmes" by Elizabeth Bishop, "If" n° 22

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poèmes" by Denise Levertov, "Action poétique" n° 173

paragraph: BULLET::::- From German

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Bonheur sur la colline" by (collective translation), éditions Al Dante

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poèmes" by Rose Ausländer, "If" n° 27

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poèmes" by Christine Lavant and Ingeborg Bachmann, "Action poétique" n° 193 and "If" n° 32

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cinema

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Avenue of the Giants" (script), adaptation of the novel "Allée des Géants"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chronique "Cinéma & cinémas" in the magazine "Action poétique" (2003–2005)

paragraph: Section::::Literary prizes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 : Prix France Culture for "Portrait et un rêve"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 : Bourse de la Fondation Cino Del Duca

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 : Prix Brantôme for "Orpiment"

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine Weinzaepflen, in "", vol. 39, p. 4143

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine Weinzaepflen in "Le Dictionnaire universel des Créatrices, "vol. 3, p. 4564

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine Weinzaepflen on Éditions des femmes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bio-bibliographie

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine Weinzaepflen on École spéciale d'architecture

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Avec Ingeborg" on Terres de femmes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine Weinzaepflen on France Culture

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine Weinzaepflen on Babelio

description: French writer

wikidata_label: Catherine Weinzaepflen

wikipedia_title: Catherine Weinzaepflen


text: Beninese

text: Paris, France

text: Cotonou, Benin

text: transculturalism

text: post-colonial

text: globalization

text: digital revolution

text: Pan-African

text: Benin

text: France

text: Ecole Normale Supérieure

text: Massachusetts College of Art and Design

text: afrofuturism

text: Montrouge

text: Palais de Tokyo

text: Dakar Biennale

paragraph: Emo de Medeiros

paragraph: Emo de Medeiros (born 1979) is a Beninese artist living and working in Paris, France and in Cotonou, Benin.

paragraph: His work explores themes of transculturalism, transforming identities, post-colonial representations, and globalization as a worldwide hybridization and mutation. He also questions the African continent's transformations in the context of the digital revolution and the occurrence of a Pan-African 21st-century "TransAfrica" in transition between tradition and accelerated innovation.

paragraph: Section::::Background and education.

paragraph: After spending his childhood and teenage years in Cotonou, Benin, he moved to France to pursue an academic education. He graduated from Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris where he studied history, sociology and anthropology, after which he continued his training at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts also in Paris.

paragraph: While in Beaux-arts he started focusing on digital arts: digital photography, graphic design, 3D modeling, digital video and interactive devices, and specifically explored the relationship between time and memory through the notion of "instensity" (intensity of the instant), linked to his experimental and electronic musical practice. After finishing art school he directed musical videos and experimental short films while pursuing his practice as a composer and producer of electronic music in Paris. He then moved to Boston, where he attended classes at the Massachusetts College of Art and Design, before returning to France and finally to Benin.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Emo de Medeiros' work crosses a variety of mediums, including photography, video, textile, painting, performance, and sculpture, and investigates themes of social and symbolic interactions, of the relationship to the digital civilization, of ethnicity and Panafricanism in a post-colonial context. He is sometimes associated with afrofuturism.

paragraph: His practice is based on the notion of "contexture", defined as the creation of artefacts based on interconnections between cultures, materials, concepts techniques and practices from diverse areas, eras, and uses. In particular his pieces often mix technological elements (such as connected devices) and forms from classical African art, notably from Benin, or fuse art genres such as installation and performance resulting for instance in the notion of "performative installation" in which the public represents a semantic element in its own right, such as "Kaleta/Kaleta" presented in Palais de Tokyo in 2014.

paragraph: In 2015 he presented "Pavillon du Bénin" during the 56th Venice Biennale, a clandestine installation located next to the French Pavilion in the Giardini, the main site of the biennale. The ephemeral piece was an ironic political commentary about the clandestine African vendors figure's absence in the works presented at the biennale, despite their highly visible presence in touristic towns in Italy, about the economic and symbolic power balance that makes the presence of national pavilions of African countries difficult, and about the controversy regarding the Kenyan Pavilion where most of the artists presented were Chinese.

paragraph: His work has been shown in several solo and group shows in Benin, France, United Kingdom and South Africa. It was also presented at the Salon de Montrouge in 2013, at the Palais de Tokyo in Paris in 2014, at the Dakar Biennale and at the Arts in Marrakech (AiM) International Biennale in 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Transpositions", 50 Golborne gallery, London, United Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Transmutations", Backslash gallery, Paris, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 12th Dakar Biennale, "Witnesses of the Invisible", Dakar, Senegal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6th Marrakech Biennale, "Not New Now", Marrakech, Marocco

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All things magic", RSF gallery, Paris, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- Venice Biennale Off, "Benin Pavilion", Venice, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vodunaut", Centre Arts et Cultures, Abomey-Calavi, Benin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kaleta/Kaleta", Palais de Tokyo, Paris, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Light Sanctuary", 58th Salon de Montrouge, Montrouge, France

wikidata_label: Emo de Medeiros

wikipedia_title: Emo de Medeiros


text:
Akkrum
Netherlands
Machinefabriek
Vlieland, Netherlands

categories: 1972 births,Shoegazing musicians,People from Boarnsterhim,Ambient musicians,Living people,Dutch electronic musicians,Dutch experimental musicians

paragraph: Romke Kleefstra

paragraph: Romke Kleefstra is a musician from the Netherlands. Currently he is a member of Piiptsjilling, Kleefstra|Bakker|Kleefstra, The Alvaret Ensemble and Tsjinlûd.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Romke Kleefstra was born on 28 July 1972 in Akkrum, Netherlands. From 1992 up to 2007 Kleefstra was singer and songwriter in the indie bands Shatterhole (1992–1995), Seascape Painters (1995–2000) and Polaroyd (2003–2007). In 2008 Kleefstra formed Piiptsjilling with his brother Jan Kleefstra (poet), Rutger Zuydervelt (Machinefabriek) and Mariska Baars (Soccer Committee). Since then he's been in numerous collaborations and projects with his brother, in which his music contains elements of ambient, post-rock, minimalism, drone, modern classical music up to free impro jazz. After releasing Piiptsjilling's first album in 2008 a solid stream of CD's, LP's, DVD's and cassettes followed on labels like Experimedia, Hybernate, Home Normal, Spekk, Low Point, Monotype, Denovali, Midira and Tombed Visions. Besides Piiptsjilling, Romke Kleefstra is a permanent member of groups like The Alvaret Ensemble and Transtilla.

paragraph: As a member of Piiptsjilling Kleefstra co-initiated the film and music project Seeljocht for the Into The Great Wide Open festival in 2011 (Vlieland, Netherlands), with Piiptsjilling, Peter and Heather Broderick, Nils Frahm and Greg Haines. It was succeeded by the half-Icelandic project Skeylja for the Oerol festival 2012 (with The Alvaret Ensemble and Kira Kira, Eríkur Ólafsson, Ingi Erlendsson and Borgar Magnason). In 2015 the Frisian collective Tsjinlûd toured the Netherlands with Japanese film artists of the +Project from Tokyo. In 2016 the Kleefstra's did the same with a similar project called Ljerke, including the Norwegian musicians Alexander Rishaug, Hilde Marie Holsen and Michael Duch. In 2018 Piiptsjilling teamed up with Sylvain Chaveau, Joacim Badenhorst and Annelies Monseré in the project Fean. Visual artists that worked together in projects with the Kleefstra's are 33one3rd, Haraldur Karlsson, Kei Shichiri, Marco Douma, Rei Hayama, Sabine Bürger, Shinkan Tamaki and Takashi Makino.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Shatterhole.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mental Paradox (cassette, Bogmen Inc., 1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Swell Life (cassette, Bogmen Inc., 1994)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Seascape Painters.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seascape Painters (cd ep, Homebase Records, 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Polder EP (cassette, Craneland Music, 1998)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Polaroyd.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thaw (3" cd, self-release, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Underworld (3" cd, self-release, 2003)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Piiptsjilling.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piiptsjilling (cd, Onomatopee, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wurdskrieme (lp/cd, Experimedia, 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Molkedrippen (cd, Spekk, 2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moarntiids (cd, Midira, 2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Slieperswaar (3" live cd, self-release, 2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kjeld (3" live cd, self-release, 2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fiif (cd, Peter Foolen Editions, 2017)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Kleefstra|Bakker|Kleefstra.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wink (cd, Appollolaan, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Griis (lp, Low Point, 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nacht en Dei (DVD, self-release, 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Live March 2012 (cassette, Northern Twilights, 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sinne op 'e Wangen (DVD, Galerie Vayhinger, 2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dage (cassette, Low Point, 2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Desimber (cassette, Tombed Visions, 2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dize (cd, Midira Records, 2017)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Gareth Davis, Jan Kleefstra, Romke Kleefstra.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sieleslyk (3" cd, Rural Colours, 2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tongerswel (cd, Home Normal, 2011)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Kleefstra|Pruiksma|Kleefstra.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deislieper (cd, Hibernate, 2011)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Kleefstra|Pruiksma|Kuitwaard|Kleefstra.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sinneplakken (cd, Time Released Sound, 2012)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:The Alvaret Ensemble.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Alvaret Ensemble (2lp/2 cd, Denovali, 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Skeylja (lp/cd, Denovali, 2014)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:CMKK.

paragraph: BULLET::::- GAU (cd, Monotype, 2013)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Tsjinlûd.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tsjinlûd (book + cd, self-release, 2016)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Ljerke.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ljerke (cd, Eilean Records, 2018)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Fean.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fean (cd, Moving Furniture Records, 2018)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Kleefstra Bros.

paragraph: BULLET::::- It Goeshoes (download, self-release, 2018)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Transtilla.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Transtilla I (cd, Opa Loka Records, 2019)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Various.

paragraph: BULLET::::- That It Stays Winter Forever (cd, White Box, 2010), with Kleefstra|Bakker|Kleefstra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mort Aux Vaches (cd, Staalplaat, 2011), with Kleefstra|Bakker|Kleefstra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seeljocht (cd, Into The Great Wide Open, 2011), with Piiptsjilling

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elements I-V (5 cd, Home Normal, 2014), with Piiptsjilling

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stay Tuned (cd, Baskaru, 2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Past Disappears (download, Dronarivm, 2014), with Piiptsjilling

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moving Noises II (download, Midira, 2015), with Piiptsjilling

paragraph: BULLET::::- Into The White (download, Dronarivm, 2016), with Kleefstra|Bakker|Kleefstra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eilean 92 (cd, Eilean Records, 2018), with Ljerke

paragraph: Section::::Projects.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Seeljocht"; artist in residence for Into The Great Wide Open Festival 2011 (Isle of Vlieland), also on Explore The North Festival (city of Leeuwarden) and Le Guess Who? (city of Utrecht)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Skeylja"; artist in residence for Oerol Festival (Isle of Terschelling)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Duif", film by Dinanda Luttikhedde and music project with the Kleefstra's and Mike Kramer, for Cultura Nova Festival (city of Heerlen) and Noorderzon Performing Arts Festival (city of Groningen), also on Explore The North Festival (city of Leeuwarden)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Klanklânskippen Japan"; touring film and music project, also on Noordelijk Film Festival (city of Leeuwarden)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ljerke"; touring film and music project, also on Le Guess Who? Festival (city of Utrecht (and Noordelijk Film Festival (city of Leeuwarden)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

wikidata_label: Romke Kleefstra

wikipedia_title: Romke Kleefstra


text:
Oer-Erkenschwick
Melle
footballer
midfielder
SpVgg Erkenschwick
Wuppertaler SV
Karlsruher SC
Calcio Catania
F.C. Internazionale Milano
A.S. Varese 1910
Tasmania 1900 Berlin
Bundesliga
defensive midfielder
half back
inside forward
kicker (sports magazine)
Germany national football team
1958
1962
Helmut Schön
Melle
Osnabrück

categories: Karlsruher SC players,Wuppertaler SV players,Bundesliga players,Germany B international footballers,Chicago Spurs players,Germany international footballers,2009 deaths,Calcio Catania players,1962 FIFA World Cup players,Inter Milan players,Expatriate soccer players in the United States,SpVgg Erkenschwick players,Varese Calcio players,German expatriate footballers,FC Biel-Bienne players,German footballers,Serie A players,1934 births,Expatriate footballers in Italy,1958 FIFA World Cup players

paragraph: Horst Szymaniak

paragraph: Horst "Schimmi" Szymaniak (born 29 August 1934 in Oer-Erkenschwick – died 9 October 2009 in Melle) was a German footballer who played as a midfielder.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: The clubs Szymaniak played for include: SpVgg Erkenschwick, Wuppertaler SV, Karlsruher SC, Calcio Catania, F.C. Internazionale Milano, A.S. Varese 1910, and Tasmania 1900 Berlin for whom he played in the 1965–66 season, the side's only season in the Bundesliga.

paragraph: Szymaniak was a defensive midfielder who usually played as a left half back and less frequently as an inside forward. He had very good ball skills, had good vision and was able to make unerringly accurate long passes to a team mate. He was renowned for his slide tackling ability, so much so this became his trademark ability.

paragraph: He was renowned as one of the best players in German football during the late 1950s and early 1960s, with kicker (sports magazine) rating him "world class" five times between 1957 and 1961 in their biennial "Rangliste des deutschen Fußballs" (ranking list of German football).

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Szymaniak played 43 times and scored two goals for the West Germany national football team between 1956 and 1966, and was chosen to play in both the 1958 and the 1962 World Cups, but was omitted by Helmut Schön from his 1966 squad.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Szymaniak died after a long illness on 9 October 2009 in a nursing home in Melle near Osnabrück.

description: German footballer

wikidata_label: Horst Szymaniak

wikipedia_title: Horst Szymaniak


text:
Romania
Carol Davila
French
Racoviţă
Golescu
boyar
Goleşti
V. A. Urechia
Bucharest
bachelor's degree
Paris
attaché
legation
Italy
Belgium
police inspector
Northern Dobruja
Vlaicu Vodă
Wallachia
Prince
Romanian literature
National Theatre Bucharest
paralysis
sanatorium
royal family
Carol I
Take Ionescu
Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol
Vasile Morţun

categories: Romanian dramatists and playwrights,People from Argeș County,Romanian police officers,Romanian people of French descent,Chairpersons of the National Theatre Bucharest,1862 births,Romanian memoirists,Romanian diplomats,Prefects of Romania,People with paraplegia,1929 deaths,Romanian people with disabilities

paragraph: Alexandru Davila

paragraph: Alexandru Davila (; February 12, 1862 – October 19, 1929) was a Romanian dramatist, diplomat, public administrator, and memoirist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The son of Carol Davila, a distinguished military physician of French origin, and Ana Racoviţă (a descendant of the Racoviţă and Golescu boyars), he studied in his native Goleşti and at V. A. Urechia's college in Bucharest, earning his bachelor's degree in Paris.

paragraph: In the early 1880s, Davila was an attaché for the Romanian legations in Italy and, in 1884, Belgium. Later in the same year, upon his father's death, he returned to his country to serve as police inspector and then as head of the administration in a province of Northern Dobruja.

paragraph: He took up writing and theater management in the closing years of the 19th century. In 1902, he completed his major work, a drama entitled "Vlaicu Vodă" (based on the life of a 14th-century Wallachian Prince), one of the first important pieces of its kind in Romanian literature. Between 1905 and 1908, he was the head of the National Theatre Bucharest.

paragraph: In 1915, a mysterious attempt to have him killed resulted in paralysis — Davila was bedridden for the rest of his life, as a sanatorium patient. An intimate friend of the royal family under Carol I, he left behind his "Din torsul zilelor", a memoir of life at the turn of the century (alongside his portrait of Carol, the book is remembered for those of figures such as Take Ionescu, Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol, and Vasile Morţun).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ioan Lăcustă's foreword to Alexandru Davila, "Din torsul zilelor", fragment published in "Magazin Istoric", July 1996

description: Romanian writer and diplomat

wikidata_label: Alexandru Davila

wikipedia_title: Alexandru Davila


text:
Gestetner
stencil duplicator
office equipment
John Scott Medal
The Franklin Institute
Blue Plaque
north London
stock exchange
Chicago
London, United Kingdom
kite
stylus
ink roller
London
patents
Tottenham Hale
north London
typewriter
printing press
Sigmund Gestetner
Ricoh
Japan
South Africa
Spirit duplicator
Duplicator
Gestetner
Sigmund Gestetner
Photocopier
Nail clipper
"Before Copies", Graphic Com Central
Dictionary of National Biography

categories: Austro-Hungarian emigrants to England,Hungarian emigrants to England,British inventors,1854 births,1939 deaths,20th-century Hungarian people,19th-century Hungarian people,Hungarian inventors,Austro-Hungarian inventors,19th-century British people,Hungarian emigrants to Austria,Hungarian Jews,20th-century British people,British people of Hungarian-Jewish descent,People from Győr-Moson-Sopron County,Economy of Vienna

paragraph: David Gestetner

paragraph: David Gestetner (31 March 18548 March 1939) was the inventor of the Gestetner stencil duplicator, the first piece of office equipment that allowed production of numerous copies of documents quickly and inexpensively. He was awarded the John Scott Medal of The Franklin Institute in 1888.

paragraph: On 12 March 2011 a Blue Plaque was placed on his home at 124 Highbury New Park in north London.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: The devoutly Jewish David Gestetner left Hungary to work in Vienna in the 1870s, where he began work at the stock exchange. One of his tasks was to make copies of the activity at the end of the day by repeatedly handwriting the results. He decided to try to find a better method, and his experiments eventually led him to invent the first method of reproducing documents by use of a stencil. He went on to work in Chicago, making kites out of Chinese paper.

paragraph: Gestetner allegedly perceived the idea of the duplicating method after an ink-spill accident whilst vending kites in Chicago. After a pot of ink spilled over a pile of kites, he found that the same ink pattern remained throughout the pile. This inspired him to find a way to replicate the process for commercial use. Gestetner then moved to London, United Kingdom to produce his inventions and went on to achieve great commercial success.

paragraph: Section::::The device.

paragraph: See main article

paragraph: The stencil method used a thin sheet of paper coated with wax (originally kite paper was used), which was written upon with a special stylus that left a broken line through the stencil – breaking the paper and removing the wax covering. Ink was forced through the stencil – originally by an ink roller – and it left its impression on a white sheet of paper below. This was repeated again and again until sufficient copies were produced.

paragraph: Until this time, any "short copy runs" which were needed for the conduct of a business (e.g., for the production of 10–50 copies of contracts, agreements, or letters) had to be copied by hand. (If more were needed, the document would have to go to the printers.) After the run had been copied, business partners had to read each one to ensure that they were all exactly the same, and that human error or tiredness had not introduced an error into one copy. The process was time consuming and frustrating for all. The stencil copy method meant that only one copy had to be read, as all copies were mechanically identical.

paragraph: David Gestetner eventually moved to London, England and in 1881 established the Gestetner Cyclograph Company to produce stencils, styli and ink rollers. He guarded his invention through patents. He also invented other notable devices such as the nail-clipper and a type of ball-point pen. The Gestetner works opened in 1906 at Tottenham Hale, north London, and employed several thousand people until the 1970s. His invention became an overnight international success, and he soon established an international chain of branches that sold and serviced his products.

paragraph: During the ensuing years he further developed his invention, with the stencil eventually being placed on a screen wrapped around a pair of revolving drums, onto which ink was placed. The drums were revolved and ink, spread evenly across the surface of the screen by a pair of cloth-covered rollers, was forced through the cuts made in the stencil and transferred onto a sheet of paper which was fed through the duplicator and pressed by pressure rollers against the lower drum. Each complete rotation of the screen fed and printed one sheet. After the first typewriter was invented, a stencil was created which could be typed on, thus creating copies similar to printed newspapers and books, instead of handwritten material.

paragraph: Section::::Social effects.

paragraph: The stencil duplicator provided individuals with a means to produce their own uncensored and uncontrolled ideas and distribute them in public places (near factories, churches, government offices, parks etc.). Previously, producing mass numbers of copies required the co-operation of owners of printing presses, which required a large amount of capital. Owners of presses would not agree to publish opinions contrary to their own interest.

paragraph: The Gestetner Company expanded quickly during the start and middle of the 20th century. Management was passed on to David Gestetner's son, Sigmund Gestetner, and from him to his sons, David and Jonathan. Gestetner acquired other companies during the years: Nashua (later changed to Nashuatec), Rex Rotary, Hanimex and Savin. Eventually a holding company was set up called NRG (N=Nashuatec, R= Rex Rotary, G= Gestetner).

paragraph: In 1996, the international Gestetner Company was acquired by the Ricoh company of Japan. The company was renamed NRG Group, and markets and services Ricoh products under its three main brand names, primarily in Europe, South Africa and the Middle East, but also through dealers throughout the world.

paragraph: Section::::Blue Plaque.

paragraph: On 12 March 2011 a Blue Plaque was placed on Gestetner's home at 124 Highbury New Park. It was presented by Gestetner's grandson, Jonathan, and great-great grandchildren Harry Gestetner, aged 11, and Henrietta Hodgson, 13, accompanied by various relatives and descendants.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spirit duplicator, a later variation on Gestetner's design using a drum filled with solvent instead of ink.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duplicator

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gestetner

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sigmund Gestetner

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photocopier

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nail clipper

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Biographical Dictionary of Management", Thoemmes Continuum (for life dates).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Before Copies", Graphic Com Central.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Proudfoot, W. B., "The Origin of Stencil Duplicating", Hutchinson of London, 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography".

description: Austrian inventor

wikidata_label: David Gestetner

wikipedia_title: David Gestetner