text: portrait

text: landscape

text: painter

text: Edinburgh

text: Royal High School

text: Trustees’ Academy

text: Allan Ramsay

text: Patrick Miller of Dalswinton

text: Claude

text: conversation piece

text: Robert Burns

text: Scottish National Gallery

text: Liberal

text: panorama

text: lighthouse

text: patent

text: William Symington

text: St Bernard's Well

text: Water of Leith

text: Almondell

text: Tongland

text: David Wilkie

text: David Roberts

text: Clarkson Stanfield

text: John Thomson of Duddingston

text: John Ruskin

text: Andrew Wilson

text: Mary Somerville

text: Sir Henry Raeburn

text: St Cuthbert's Church

text: Jane

text: Barbara

text: Anne

text: Charlotte

text: Patrick Nasmyth

text: James Nasmyth

text: steam hammer

text: online version

categories: 19th-century Scottish painters,Artists from Edinburgh,People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh,1758 births,Scottish male painters,Scottish landscape painters,Alumni of the Edinburgh College of Art,Scottish portrait painters,18th-century Scottish painters,1840 deaths

paragraph: Alexander Nasmyth

paragraph: Alexander Nasmyth (9 September 175810 April 1840) was a Scottish portrait and landscape painter, a pupil of Allan Ramsay.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Nasmyth was born in Edinburgh on 9 September 1758. He studied at the Royal High School and the Trustees’ Academy and was apprenticed to a coachbuilder. Aged sixteen, he was taken to London by portrait painter Allan Ramsay where he worked on subordinate parts of Ramsay's works. Nasmyth returned to Edinburgh in 1778, where he worked as a portrait painter. Offered a loan by Patrick Miller of Dalswinton, Nasmyth left in 1782 for Italy, where he remained two years furthering his studies. In Italy he devoted most of his attention to landscape painting, and is recorded as having copied a work by Claude.

paragraph: Nasmyth returned to Scotland where for the next few years he continued his career as a portraitist. He painted some works in the style of Ramsay, but most were conversation pieces with outdoor settings. His portrait of Robert Burns, who became a close friend, is now in the Scottish National Gallery. Eventually, Nasmyth's strong Liberal opinions offended many of his aristocratic patrons in a politically charged Edinburgh, leading to a falling off in commissions for portraits, and in 1792 he completely abandoned the genre, turning instead to landscape painting. He also began painting scenery for theatres, an activity he continued for the next thirty years, and in 1796 painted a panorama.

paragraph: His landscapes are all of actual places, and architecture is usually an important element. Some works were painted to illustrate the effects that new buildings would have on an area, such as "Inverary from the Sea", painted for the Duke of Argyll to show the setting a proposed lighthouse.

paragraph: Nasmyth had a great interest in engineering, and proposed several ideas that were later widely used, although he never patented any of them. In October 1788, when Patrick Miller sailed the world's first successful steamship, designed by William Symington, on Dalswinton Loch, Nasmyth was one of the crew.

paragraph: He was employed by members of the Scottish nobility in the improvement and beautification of their estates. He designed the circular temple covering St Bernard's Well by the Water of Leith (1789), and bridges at Almondell, West Lothian, and Tongland, Kirkcudbrightshire. In 1815 he was one of those invited to submit proposals for the expansion of Edinburgh New Town.

paragraph: Nasmyth set up a drawing school and "instilled a whole generation with the importance of drawing as a tool of empirical investigation"; his pupils included David Wilkie, David Roberts, Clarkson Stanfield and John Thomson of Duddingston; and it was probably from him that John James Ruskin (father of John Ruskin) learned to paint as a schoolboy in Edinburgh in the later 1790s. Another successful pupil was the painter, teacher, art dealer and connoisseur Andrew Wilson, who had his first art training under Nasmyth. Nasmyth was not only the tutor to the polymath Mary Somerville but he also introduced her to the leading intellectuals in Edinburgh.

paragraph: Nasmyth died at home, 47 York Place (roughly opposite the house of Sir Henry Raeburn) in Edinburgh. He was buried in St Cuthbert's Churchyard at the west end of Princes Street.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Nasmyth's six daughters all became notable artists. His daughters were Jane, Barbara, Margaret, Elizabeth, Anne and Charlotte. His eldest son, Patrick Nasmyth, studied under his father, then went to London and attracted attention as a landscapist. Another son, James Nasmyth, invented the steam hammer.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: online version

paragraph: BULLET::::- For an account of Andrew Wilson see "The Scottish Claude" by John Ramm, "Antique Dealer & Collectors Guide", July 1997, Vol 50, No. 12

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works in the National Galleries of Scotland

alias:
Alexander Naysmith
Alexander Nesmyth
Naysmuth
A. Nasmyth
A. Naysmith
Naysmith
Hay Smith
Naismyth
Nasmyth
Alex Naysmith
Naesmyth
Naesmith
nasymth
Nasmith
Alexander Naesmith
Nesmyth
Naysmyth
Alexander Naysmuth
Alex. Naysmith

description: British artist based in Edinburgh

wikidata_label: Alexander Nasmyth

wikipedia_title: Alexander Nasmyth


text: art critic

text: urbaniste

text: court of Versailles

text: Mme Doublet de Persan

text: Pidansat de Mairobert

text: brothers Goncourt

text: Paris salon

text: Palais du Louvre

text: Jacques-Germain Soufflot

text: Marigny

text: Bâtiments du Roi

text: François Boucher

text: Grimm

text: Diderot

text: d'Alembert

text: Ch. Aubertin

text: Author and Book Info.com

paragraph: Louis Petit de Bachaumont

paragraph: Louis Petit de Bachaumont () (June 2, 1690 – April 29, 1771) was a French writer, whose historical interest has been connected largely to his alleged role in the gossipy "Mémoires secrets pour servir à l'histoire de la République des Lettres". A modern biography brought to general attention his other roles, as an arbiter of taste, an influential art critic and an "urbaniste".

paragraph: Petit de Bachaumont was of noble family and was brought up at the court of Versailles. He passed his whole life in Paris, however, as the centre of the salon of Mme Doublet de Persan (1677–1771), where criticism of art and literature took the form of malicious gossip. A sort of register of news was kept in a journal of the salon, starting in 1762, which dealt largely in scandals and contained accounts of books suppressed by the censor. Bachaumont's name is commonly connected with the first volumes of this register, which was published anonymously, long after Petit de Bachaumont's death, under the title "Mémoires secrets pour servir à l'histoire de la République des Lettres", but his exact share in the authorship of those years before his death in 1771 is a matter of controversy. The register was continued by Pidansat de Mairobert (1707–1779), who may have had a greater hand in it from the start, and by others, until it reached 36 volumes (covering the years 1774-1779). It is of some value as a historical source, especially for prohibited literature, and full of anecdotes, for which it was sieved by the brothers Goncourt, who revived interest in this obscure figure, whom they presented as the "anecdotier parfait", the reputation, as the "perfect recounter of anecdote" to the present time.

paragraph: Petit de Bachaumont's studied "indolence", remarked upon in his obituary, was a stylish pose. His major published writings are "Essai sur la peinture, la sculpture et l'architecture" (1751) and his surveys of the Paris salons of 1767 and 1769, in which aesthetics and cultural politics were inseparably entwined. Less noted is his published call in 1749 for the roofing-over of Perrault's classical colonnaded east front of the Palais du Louvre and the clearing away of the ramshackle structures, both those that had been built against it, in order to form a proper Palais du Louvre, and those in the centre of the Cour Carré itself Sections of the palace were in danger of collapse, scarcely touched by royal indifference after 1678; work did begin in 1755 to clear the facade of the Louvre, overseen by the architect Jacques-Germain Soufflot and Marigny, supervisor of the Bâtiments du Roi.

paragraph: As a critic of art, his recommendation of a young artist named François Boucher appeared in a design memorandum Bachaumont presented the duc de Bouillon, who was occupied with renovating interiors at the Château de Navarre in Normandy, in 1730: "he is very quick, works fast and is not expensive".

paragraph: See, in addition to the memoirs of the time, especially the "" of Grimm, Diderot, d'Alembert and others (new ed-, Paris, 1878); Ch. Aubertin, "L'Esprit public au XVIII siècle" (Paris, 1872).

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Author and Book Info.com

description: French writer

wikidata_label: Louis Petit de Bachaumont

wikipedia_title: Louis Petit de Bachaumont


text:
American
Athens, GA
Paris, France
openly
gay
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
Warren Fischer
Fischerspooner
New York City
vocals
Deitch Projects
R.E.M
Warhol
Doorika
performance arts
The Wooster Group
Entertainment
Scissor Sisters

categories: People from Athens, Georgia,LGBT people from Georgia (U.S. state),LGBT singers,American indie rock musicians,LGBT musicians from the United States,School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni,1970 births,Gay musicians,Living people

paragraph: Casey Spooner

paragraph: Casey Spooner (born February 2, 1970) is an American artist and musician. He was born in Athens, GA attended the University of Georgia and was roommates with John Newman. He resides in Paris, France. Spooner is openly gay. While attending the School of the Art Institute of Chicago he met Warren Fischer. The two went on to cofound Fischerspooner in New York City in 1998, in which he writes the songs and performs vocals.

paragraph: Spooner has submitted works for Deitch Projects and an album by R.E.M. A promotion for Fischerspooner's second album included an art Salon/Art Exhibition of all the images used in making of the album, this has since been linked to Warhol.

paragraph: Spooner has contributed and worked on shows with Doorika, a performance arts collective based in Chicago and New York City.

paragraph: Casey joined experimental New York performance ensemble The Wooster Group in 2007, taking on the role of Ophelia's brother Laertes in their production of "Hamlet" (which featured two Fischerspooner songs that were composed for the show). During this time, he also began work on a third Fischerspooner album (with Warren Fischer).

paragraph: Entertainment was released in North America via the band's own label FS Studios on May 4, 2009, produced by Jeff Saltzman (The Killers, The Black Keys, The Sounds). An American and European Tour, known as Between Worlds, continued all through 2009. Like in other Fischerspooner's performances, Spooner was the main figure of the show.

paragraph: In January 2010, Spooner distributed online his first solo work, the song Faye Dunaway, as a preview of a 2010 solo album entitled Adult Contemporary. The album, according to words by Spooner on Twitter, was recorded directly after finishing "Entertainment", and was scheduled for

paragraph: release in 2010. San Francisco, Ca session drummer, Cary LaScala, played drums on most of the album Adult Contemporary.

paragraph: He served as the opening act for Scissor Sisters on their North American tour. This was possible thanks to the funding provided by his fans through Kickstarter, the crowdfunding online platform.

paragraph: Currently, he is at home in NY after releasing his solo album, "Adult Contemporary".

description: Indie rock musician

wikidata_label: Casey Spooner

wikipedia_title: Casey Spooner


text: artist

text: Native Americans

text: Munich, Germany

text: Geronimo

text: Harvard, Illinois

text: Chicago Academy of Design

text: Leonard Volk

text: Edward E. Ayer

text: antiquarian

text: ethnology

text: Newberry Library

text: Geronimo

text: Hubbell Trading Post

text: Burbank, Oklahoma

text: The Harvard Independent

text: Munich, Germany

text: Paul Navin

text: Frederick Fehr

text: Toby Rosenthal

text: Oberammergau, Germany

text: Cardiff, Wales

text: Fort Sill, Oklahoma

text: bipolar disorder

text: Napa, California

text: San Francisco, California

text: cable car

text: Rockford, Illinois

text: Mount Auburn Cemetery

text: Harvard, Illinois

text: Chief Blue Horse

text: Oglala Lakota

text: Pine Ridge Agency

text: Native American

text: Geronimo

text: Red Cloud

text: Chief Joseph

text: Acoma

text: Agua Caliente

text: Apache

text: Arapaho

text: Cahuilla

text: Campo

text: Cheyenne

text: Chimevava

text: Cochiti Pueblo

text: Columbia

text: Comanche

text: Coo-Koo-Lah

text: Crow

text: Desert Calmilla

text: Desert Cahuilla

text: Diegueno

text: Digeno

text: Digger

text: Hualapai

text: Hopi

text: Hoopa

text: Isleta Pueblo

text: Jemez

text: Jicarilla Apache

text: Jule River

text: Kabahimen

text: Kickapoo

text: Kiowa

text: Kobalthnent

text: Laguna Pueblo

text: Lower Klamath

text: Mad River

text: Maidu

text: Meteneck

text: Meuwock

text: Modoc

text: Mohave

text: Moqui

text: Na-Po

text: Nambe

text: Napa

text: Navajo

text: Nez Perce

text: Nomelacki

text: Ottawa

text: Panamint

text: Papago

text: Pala

text: Picuris

text: Pima

text: Poma

text: Pomo

text: Pueblo

text: Sac and Fox

text: San Felipe

text: San Felipe Pueblo

text: San Felippo

text: San Luis Rey

text: Sandia Pueblo

text: Santa Ana Pueblo

text: Santa Clara

text: Seranno

text: Shawnee

text: Sioux

text: Soboba

text: South Fork Paiute

text: Southern Cheyenne

text: Sun Pum

text: Southern Ute

text: Tejon

text: Temecula

text: Tewa

text: Tule River

text: Ukiah

text: Ukiah Saiaz

text: Ukie

text: Ute

text: Washoe

text: Wylackie

text: Yackima

text: Yaqui

text: Yuma

text: Yuma Apache

text: Walpi

text: Zia Pueblo

text: Zuni

text: Art Institute of Chicago

text: American Museum of Natural History

text: Butler Institute of American Art

text: C. M. Russell Museum

text: Harvard-Diggins Library

text: Hearst Art Gallery, St. Mary's College

text: Luther Burbank Home & Gardens

text: Museum of the America West

text: Newberry Library

text: Phoenix Art Museum

text: Rockford Art Museum

text: Smithsonian American Art Museum

text: George Catlin

text: Maynard Dixon

text: Seth and Mary Eastman

text: Lorenzo Hubbell

text: Paul Kane

text: W. Langdon Kihn

text: Charles Bird King

text: Joseph Henry Sharp

text: John Mix Stanley

text: "Burbank Among the Indians"

text: Burbank Timeline

text: Harvard-Diggins Library

text: Elbridge Ayer Burbank Papers

text: the Newberry Library

categories: 20th-century American painters,19th-century American painters,American illustrators,American male painters,1949 deaths,People with bipolar disorder,American ethnologists,1858 births,People from Harvard, Illinois

paragraph: Elbridge Ayer Burbank

paragraph: Elbridge Ayer (E. A.) Burbank (August 10, 1858 – April 21, 1949) was an American artist who sketched and painted more than 1200 portraits of Native Americans from 125 tribes. He studied art in Chicago and in his 30s traveled to Munich, Germany for additional studies with notable German artists. He is believed to be the only person to paint the war chief Geronimo from life.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Elbridge was born on August 10, 1858 in Harvard, Illinois to Anna Maria (Ayer) and Abner Jewett Burbank. After attending public schools, he started art studies at the Chicago Academy of Design, where he was influenced by Leonard Volk and graduated in 1874.

paragraph: His maternal uncle Edward E. Ayer was a successful business magnate, museum philanthropist and antiquarian collector. He collected books, original manuscripts and other materials relating to the history and ethnology of Native American peoples at the time of European encounter. His collection, one of the founding donations to the Newberry Library in Chicago, contains a number of Burbank's works.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Burbank was the only artist to paint Geronimo from life. He painted or sketched more than 1,200 Native Americans from 125 tribes. Over a period of several years, he spent many months at the Hubbell Trading Post, where he studied and painted Native Americans. Burbank, Oklahoma is named after him.

paragraph: In 1910, the Editor of The Harvard Independent noted: “No other artist in the country has enjoyed the opportunities experienced by Mr. E. A. Burbank, now a resident of Los Angeles - the painter of Indian portraits, to meet face to face, and on their own ground, the once noted Indian chiefs America now so rapidly passing away. For the last twenty years Mr. Burbank has journeyed from camp to camp among the aborigines of the northwest and southwest, painting successively all the great warriors whose prowess has made their names famous in frontier history. It is, therefore, with considerable pride that The Graphic calls attention to a series of articles from Mr. Burbank's pen, describing his personal interviews with these once-powerful war chiefs, and illustrated by portraits from life, re-drawn in pencil especially for the Graphic, from his original studies. First in this notable galaxy was a picture and story of Red Cloud, the famous Ogallalla (sic) Sioux, recently deceased. Geronimo, the noted Apache chief who preceded Red Cloud the happy hunting grounds by a few months, followed."

paragraph: Burbank arranged for two periods of extended study in Munich, Germany with notable artists. In 1886-87 he studied with Paul Navin and Frederick Fehr. He returned a couple of years later, when he studied from 1889 to 1890 with Toby Rosenthal. He also traveled to Oberammergau, Germany; Cardiff, Wales; and Fort Sill, Oklahoma.

paragraph: As an adult, Burbank was diagnosed with bipolar disorder, referred to then as "manic depression". He was treated at several different facilities during his life, most notably for more than ten years at the State Mental Hospital in Napa, California.

paragraph: He died April 21, 1949 in San Francisco, California after being struck and severely injured by a cable car on January 27. The accident occurred in front of the Manx Hotel (now the Villa Florence). He was first buried at Mt. Olivet Memorial Park, San Francisco, California, but his remains were reinterred at Forest View Abby in Rockford, Illinois. In 1984 relatives had his remains moved and reinterred at Mount Auburn Cemetery, Harvard, Illinois.

paragraph: Section::::Son of the Shadow-Maker.

paragraph: In 1898, Burbank became friends with Chief Blue Horse when he was visiting the Oglala Lakota at Pine Ridge Agency.

paragraph: Burbank painted sitting portraits of the greatest Native American leaders, including Geronimo, Red Cloud and Chief Joseph. At the time, Chief Blue Horse was eighty years of age and rode each day on his horse to pose for Burbank, who he called “Son of the Shadow-Maker.” Burbank was also an historian and his fond recollections illuminate Chief Blue Horse. “Hardly a day passed without Blue Horse coming to my studio to visit me. He would sit down and smoke a little, short, strong pipe and gossip with the other Indians present; all the time he was talking he would be fanning himself with the wing of a turkey. His face usually was painted red, and he wore all the Indian clothes he had, with a single feather on his head. He was a thorough Indian, and extremely kind-hearted. His principal object in life was to try to make others happy around him.”

paragraph: Section::::Works of art.

paragraph: br

paragraph: Section::::Works of art.:Tribes portrayed.

paragraph: (note: viewed by name used by Burbank, but linked to current tribal page)br

paragraph: Acoma * Agua Caliente * Apache * Arapahoe * Cahuilla * Campo * Cheyenne * Chimevava * Cochiti Pueblo * Columbia * Comanche * Coo-Koo-Lah * Crow * Desert Calmilla * Desert Cahuilla * Diegueno * Digeno * Digger * Hualapai * Hopi * Hoopa * Isleta Pueblo * Jemez * Jicarilla Apache * Jule River * Kabahimen * Kickapoo * Kiowa * Kobalthnent * Laguna Pueblo * Lower Klamath * Mad River * Maidu * Meteneck * Meuwock * Modoc * Mohave * Moqui * Na-Po * Nambe * Napa * Navajo * Nez Perces * Nomelacki * Ottawa * Panamint * Papago * Pala * Picuris * Pima * Poma * Pomo * Pueblo * Sac and Fox * San Felipe * San Felipe Pueblo * San Felippo * San Ignacio * San Luis Rey * Sandia Pueblo * Santa Ana Pueblo * Santa Clara * Seranno * Shawnee * Sioux * Soboba * South Fork Paiute * Southern Cheyenne * Sun Pum * Southern Ute * Tejon * Temecula * Tewa * Tule River * Ukiah * Ukiah Saiaz * Ukie * Ute * Washoe * Wylackie * Yackima * Yaqui * Yuma * Yuma Apache * Walpi * Zia Pueblo * Zuni

paragraph: Section::::Works of art.:Holding institutions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art Institute of Chicago

paragraph: BULLET::::- American Museum of Natural History

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library - Yale University

paragraph: BULLET::::- Butler Institute of American Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- C. M. Russell Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harvard-Diggins Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hearst Art Gallery, St. Mary's College

paragraph: BULLET::::- (http://emuseum.huntington.org/collections/ The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site - National Park Service

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luther Burbank Home & Gardens

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of the America West

paragraph: BULLET::::- Newberry Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology - Harvard University

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phoenix Art Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rockford Art Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smithsonian American Art Museum

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Catlin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maynard Dixon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seth and Mary Eastman

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lorenzo Hubbell

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Kane

paragraph: BULLET::::- W. Langdon Kihn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Bird King

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph Henry Sharp

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Mix Stanley

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Published works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Burbank Among the Indians", Caxton Press, 1944. "Placed online with permission of Caxton Press"

paragraph: From the summary of "A Portfolio of Ten of His "Red Head" Indian Sketches" from the J. L. Hubbell Collection-Ganado, Azizona.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burbank Timeline

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harvard-Diggins Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elbridge Ayer Burbank Papers at the Newberry Library

alias:
E. Ayer Burbank
E. A. Burbank
Burbank

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Elbridge Ayer Burbank

wikipedia_title: Elbridge Ayer Burbank


text:
Suffolk
British soul
organ
Framlingham
choir
Gospel music
soul
Stevie Wonder
Aretha Franklin
Minnie Riperton
Eva Cassidy
Chaka Khan
Jill Scott
Quantic
jazz
funk
hip hop
Tru Thoughts
cover version
The White Stripes
Seven Nation Army
sidemen
Daddy G
Massive Attack
The Big Chill
Lonnie Liston Smith
Femi Kuti
De La Soul
Amy Winehouse
Midem Music Conference
For Once in My Life
Six Degrees Records
Ninja Tune
Mr Scruff
Ninja Tuna
South By South West
Austin, Texas
Mr Scruff
DJ Vadim
Ste Simpson
The Heavy
David Byrne
Fatboy Slim
Here Lies Love
Allmusic

categories: People from Framlingham,1975 births,21st-century women singers,English female singers,English soul singers,Living people

paragraph: Alice Russell (singer)

paragraph: Alice Russell (born 1 March 1975 in Suffolk, England) is a British soul singer. She is the daughter of an organist, and grew up in Framlingham, Suffolk. At the age of nine, following in her father and sisters' musical footsteps, Russell began taking lessons on the cello, and sang in choirs, before studying art and music in Brighton from 1994.

paragraph: As well as the classical influences of her father, and formal music lessons, Russell began finding influence in Gospel music and soul artists such as Stevie Wonder and Aretha Franklin from an early age which played a big part in the shaping of her style. Artists including Minnie Riperton, Eva Cassidy, Chaka Khan and Jill Scott are listed by Alice Russell as influences.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Russell began making a name for herself in the early 2000s, contributing to recordings by Bah Samba, Quantic, TM Juke, Kushti and Nostalgia 77.

paragraph: Her work with Bah Samba infused Latin sounds with tinges of uplifting jazz and funk, whereas her material with the band Kushti contained a more laid back, hip hop and soul inspired sound. Her debut album, "Under The Munka Moon" was released on the Tru Thoughts label in 2004, which was an amalgamation of various singles, remixes and collaborations.

paragraph: In 2005, her debut studio album "My Favourite Letters" was recorded on the Tru Thoughts label. Created by Russell with co-writer, producer, guitarist and musical friend Alex Cowan (a.k.a. TM Juke), the album received positive reviews. Her third release, "Under the Munka Moon II" (Tru Thoughts) in 2006 compiled her most recent collaborations, remixes, and cover versions including an interpretation of The White Stripes' "Seven Nation Army". The "Alice Russell – Live in Paris" DVD also came out in 2006, and was the first DVD the Tru Thoughts label had released. Russell and TM Juke have been touring together since 2006 with chosen sidemen, performing to audiences in the UK, Europe, Australia, the US and in other countries. In summer 2006, Daddy G of Massive Attack requested Russell play the main stage at The Big Chill. Russell has also supported Lonnie Liston Smith, Femi Kuti, De La Soul and appeared on the bill with Amy Winehouse for the British showcase at the Midem Music Conference in Cannes 2007.

paragraph: Her cover of "For Once in My Life" was featured in a British TV advertisement for clothing brand J.D.Williams in 2016.

paragraph: Section::::"Pot of Gold".

paragraph: In 2008, Russell released the album, "Pot of Gold", which was released in November on the Six Degrees Records label in the US and Russell's own label Little Poppet in the UK.

paragraph: She also collaborated with Ninja Tune's Mr Scruff on "Music Takes Me Up", a single from the latter's 2008 album, "Ninja Tuna". Russell toured throughout the end of 2008 into 2009, performing shows in Australia, Europe, Canada and America, including the South By South West Music and Media Conference in Austin, Texas in March 2009, where she performed four shows. Due to the collapse of Pinnacle distribution in 2008, "Pot of Gold" was re-released in October 2009 on the Little Poppet label, accompanied by the release of the 22-track, double CD "Pot of Gold Remixes" album, featuring mixes by Mr Scruff, DJ Vadim, Emika, Ste Simpson and The Heavy, amongst others. The releases were supported by more European and UK tour dates.

paragraph: Section::::David Byrne's "Here Lies Love" until "To Dust".

paragraph: April 2010 saw the release of Russell's collaboration with David Byrne and Fatboy Slim for their studio album "Here Lies Love", containing the track "Men Will Do Anything" featuring Russell on vocals.

paragraph: Russell toured throughout Europe in 2010, and in February 2010 announced a stripped back show at London's Union Chapel on 21 May. Russell released her new studio album "To Dust" on Tru Thoughts Records in February 2013, preceded by the single "Heartbreaker". "To Dust" earned a four star rating from Allmusic.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Under the Munka Moon" (2004, Tru Thoughts)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Favourite Letters" (2005, Tru Thoughts)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Under the Munka Moon II" (2006, Tru Thoughts)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pot of Gold" (2008, Little Poppet/Differ-ant/Six Degrees)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pot of Gold Remixes" (2009, Little Poppet/Differ-ant/Six Degrees)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Quantic & Alice Russell with The Combo Bárbaro: "" (2012, Tru Thoughts)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "To Dust" (2013, Tru Thoughts/Differ-ant)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- – official site

description: British soul singer

wikidata_label: Alice Russell

wikipedia_title: Alice Russell (singer)


text: Nieder-Saulheim

text: Rhenish Hesse

text: Pasadena

text: California

text: German-American

text: Weyerhaeuser Company

text: forest

text: Grand Duchy of Hesse

text: Revolutions of 1848 in Germany

text: Pennsylvania

text: United States

text: New York City

text: North East

text: Rock Island

text: Rock Island and Peoria Railroad

text: sawmill

text: Coal Valley

text: Frederick Denkmann

text: Mississippi River

text: Pacific Northwest

text: James J. Hill

text: Potlatch Corporation

text: Boise Cascade

text: Weyerhaeuser

text: Interstate Commerce Commission

text: Congress

text: anti-trust

text: Saulheim

text: Chippiannock Cemetery

text: Weyerhaeuser House

text: Weyerhaeuser Family Papers

text: F. Weyerhaeuser and Company Records

text: Minnesota Historical Society

categories: People from Alzey-Worms,18th-century American businesspeople,1834 births,Businesspeople in timber,American company founders,American billionaires,1914 deaths,German emigrants to the United States,Weyerhaeuser

paragraph: Friedrich Weyerhäuser

paragraph: Friedrich (Frederick) Weyerhäuser (November 21, 1834 in Nieder-Saulheim, Rhenish Hesse – April 4, 1914 in Pasadena, California), also spelled Weyerhaeuser, was a German-American timber mogul and founder of the Weyerhaeuser Company, which owns saw mills, paper factories, and other business enterprises, and large areas of forested land. He is the eighth-richest American of all time, with a net worth of $85 billion in 2016 dollars. He was known as the "timber-king of the Northwest."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Friedrich was one of 11 children of Johann Weyerhäuser and his wife. The family supported itself by working a farm and a vineyard near Nieder-Saulheim in the independent Grand Duchy of Hesse. Friedrich started attending the Lutheran school at Nieder-Saulheim when he was 6, and at 8 began helping on the farm. When he was 12, his father died, and Friedrich had to give up most of his studies to help out on the farm. The Revolutions of 1848 in Germany prompted several members of his family to emigrate to western Pennsylvania in the United States. They sent back glowing letters describing the conditions they found.

paragraph: In 1852, at the age of 17, Weyerhäuser emigrated with a group of his family from Hesse to the United States. They landed in New York City in July and proceeded to Pennsylvania, settling at North East. Frederick went to work for an earlier immigrant in a brewery. After two years, he abandoned the brewing business, because, as he put it, he felt that a brewer "often becomes his own best customer." He then worked on a farm for a year.

paragraph: His share of the funds from the sale of the family farm in Germany enabled him to move on further west in search of opportunity, and 1856 found him in Rock Island, Illinois, working on the construction of the Rock Island and Peoria Railroad. After a short time, he entered the sawmill of Mead, Smith and Marsh as a night fireman, quickly moving up to tallyman and then yard manager and salesman. When the company opened a new yard in Coal Valley, he was sent to manage it. Though his yard prospered, the firm got into financial difficulties, and with savings from his salary Frederick bought the business. Thus he began doing business under his own name.

paragraph: With his brother-in-law, Frederick Denkmann, he formed the Weyerhaeuser-Denkmann Lumber Company and began to acquire interests, including some majority interests, in many other timber companies. He became the central point in what was later called the "Weyerhauser Syndicate," a network of lumber interests, "reputed to have almost a hundred partners, none of whom knew the business of the others," with Weyerhaeuser as the common link. In 1872, he established the Mississippi River Boom and Logging Co., an alliance that handled all the logs that were processed on the Mississippi River. In 1900, Weyerhäuser bought of timberland in the Pacific Northwest from James J. Hill and founded the Weyerhäuser Timber Company. One of the 30 factories in which he held an interest was Potlatch, later Potlatch Corporation. He also owned interests in the Boise Cascade Corporation. The Weyerhaeuser Company is still the world's largest seller of timber.

paragraph: In 1906, Weyerhäuser's business concerns entered the public eye when the Interstate Commerce Commission recommended to Congress that the lumber industry be investigated for possible anti-trust violations. Weyerhäuser ignored the resulting attention.

paragraph: Weyerhäuser married Sarah Elizabeth Bloedel on October 11, 1857. The couple had seven children: John P. Weyerhauser, Elise (Weyerhauser) Bancroft Hill, Margaret (Weyerhauser) Jewett, Apollonia (Weyerhauser) Davis, Charles A. Weyerhauser, Rudolph M. Weyerhauser, and Frederick E. Weyerhauser.

paragraph: In thanks to his home community, in 1904 he established a music hall in Saulheim.

paragraph: Weyerhäuser was buried in the family mausoleum in Chippiannock Cemetery in Rock Island, Illinois. Weyerhäuser was inducted into the U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 1978.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Weyerhaeuser House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Healey, Judith Koll. "Frederick Weyerhaeuser and the American West" (Minnesota Historical Society Press; 2013) 256 pages; scholarly biography

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Weyerhaeuser Family Papers and F. Weyerhaeuser and Company Records are available for research use at the Minnesota Historical Society

description: German-American industrialist

wikidata_label: Friedrich Weyerhäuser

wikipedia_title: Friedrich Weyerhäuser


text:
bishop of Pavia
De laudibus Papiæ
Gospels
Hippolyte Delehaye
gospels
Christ's
Saint Peter
Po valley
northern Italy
Saint Hermagoras
Mark the Evangelist
Aquileia
Juventius of Pavia
sent
Arianism
patron saint
Bramante
city's cathedral
relics
Hippolyte Delehaye
Saint Siro
Saint Syrus of Pavia
12 September
San Siro di Pavia
Italian Wikipedia
San Siro

categories: Bishops of Pavia,1st-century bishops,Italian saints

paragraph: Syrus of Pavia

paragraph: Saint Syrus (Sirus) of Pavia () is traditionally said to have been the first bishop of Pavia during the 1st century.

paragraph: His legend, according to the 14th century source known as the "De laudibus Papiæ" ("In the Praise of Pavia"), states that Syrus was the boy with the five loaves who appears in the Gospels. As Hippolyte Delehaye writes, "To have lived amongst the Saviour's immediate following was...honorable...and accordingly old patrons of churches were identified with certain persons in the gospels or who were supposed to have had some part of Christ's life on earth." Syrus is said to have followed Saint Peter to Rome and from there he was sent to the Po valley to preach and convert the people to the Christian faith. He preached in all of the major cities of northern Italy.

paragraph: Another tradition, dating back to the 8th century, makes Syrus a disciple of Saint Hermagoras, who in turn was the disciple of Mark the Evangelist. Hermagoras was the founder of the diocese of Aquileia. Together with Juventius of Pavia he was sent there by Saint Hermagoras. Both Juventius and Syrus are reported to have been the first bishop of Pavia. Syrus worked to challenge and convert those who followed Arianism in his diocese.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: Syrus is the patron saint of Pavia. Bramante designed the chapel of San Siro in the city's cathedral, which contains the saint's relics.

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hippolyte Delehaye, "The Legends of the Saints" (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 1955), 37.

paragraph: BULLET::::- N. Everett, "The Earliest recension of the Life of S. Sirus of Pavia (Vat. lat. 5771)", "Studi Medievali" 43 (2002), 857-957 (Latin text, Eng. trans., commentary).

paragraph: BULLET::::- N.Everett, "Patron Saints of Early Medieval Italy AD c.350-800. History and Hagiography in Ten Biographies". PIMS / Durham University Press, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Siro

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Syrus of Pavia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 12 September at Dominican Martyrology

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Siro di Pavia

paragraph: BULLET::::- at the Italian Wikipedia

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Siro

description: Syrus

wikidata_label: Syrus of Pavia

wikipedia_title: Syrus of Pavia


text: track

text: 1968 Summer Olympics

text: steeplechase

text: Roswell, New Mexico

text: Silver City

text: University of Arizona

text: AAU

text: 1960 Summer Olympics

text: Rome

text: 1964 games

text: Tokyo

text: steeplechase

text: Gaston Roelants

text: Billy Mills

text: Alamosa, CO

text: Echo Summit

text: Mexico City

text: marathon

text: Track and Field News

text: University of Oregon

text: All-American

text: Steve Prefontaine

text: Hayward Field

text: Eugene, Oregon

text: 1972 Summer Olympics

text: Munich

text: four-minute mile

text: Central Arizona College

text: cross country

text: National Track & Field Hall of Fame

text: National Distance Running Hall of Fame

text: Frank Dolson

categories: American male long-distance runners,1937 births,Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics,Living people,Olympic track and field athletes of the United States,People from Roswell, New Mexico,Track and field athletes from New Mexico,Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in track and field,Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics,College track and field coaches in the United States,American male steeplechase runners,Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics,Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics,Arizona Wildcats men's track and field athletes,Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics

paragraph: George Young (athlete)

paragraph: George Young (born July 24, 1937) is an American former track athlete and college coach. He won a bronze medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics in the 3000 meter steeplechase and held several American records in events ranging from the two mile to the 5000 meter race. He broke two world records, in the indoor two and three mile events.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Born in Roswell, New Mexico, Young graduated from Western High School in Silver City in 1955. He then attended the University of Arizona where he competed in track and field. He began running the 3000 meter steeplechase in his senior year and finished second in that event at the National AAU championship. He graduated from the University in 1959 with an undergraduate degree after being named the "outstanding senior athlete" of the year.

paragraph: Section::::1960 Olympics.

paragraph: Shortly after graduating, Young qualified for the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. During the preliminary rounds for the steeplechase, he tripped over a hurdle and thus did not advance to the finals. The next year, he broke the American steeplechase record when he ran the event in 8:31.0.

paragraph: Section::::1964 Olympics.

paragraph: He improved his Olympic record at the 1964 games in Tokyo, running to fifth place in the steeplechase in 8:38.2. Gaston Roelants of Belgium won gold in an Olympic Record 8:30.8.

paragraph: Section::::1968 Olympics.

paragraph: In the first half of 1968, Young broke his own American steeplechase record with a time of 8:30.6 and set the American two mile record with a time of 8:22.0. He felt his fitness was strong enough that he and training partner Billy Mills thought they'd take a shot an Olympic marathon qualifier at the trials held in Alamosa, CO. Young won the race and earned his way on to his third Olympic team. He later qualified again in the steeplechase at the track and field trials held in Echo Summit, California. At the 1968 Olympics, held in Mexico City at an elevation of 7,382 ft, he competed in the marathon, placing 16th, and the steeplechase, where he placed third and took the bronze medal. In that race, he was leading with about 300 Meters to go before falling victim to Mexico City's altitude and "hitting the wall". He was passed by two athletes born and trained at altitude in Kenya.

paragraph: The following year Young set two world records in the indoor two and three mile events with times of 8:27.2 and 13:09.8, respectively. He was featured on the March 1969 cover of "Track and Field News."

paragraph: Section::::1972 Olympics.

paragraph: After a classic battle with University of Oregon All-American, Steve Prefontaine at the 1972 U.S. Olympic Trials at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon, he competed in the 5000 meter race at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich (his third different Olympic event in four Olympic Games), but did not advance to the final rounds.

paragraph: Section::::Career summary and records.

paragraph: In addition to his records in the steeplechase, two mile and indoor three mile, he also held American records for the 5000 meter, 3000 meter, steeplechase, and 4x1500 meter relay, as well as twelve age group world records. At age 34, he became the oldest person in the world (at that time) to run a sub-four-minute mile, with a time of 3:59.6 in Los Angeles, CA in March 1972. He was the first New Mexico born athlete to accomplish this feat.

paragraph: Section::::Post-running career.

paragraph: Following his running career, he coached seven different sports at Central Arizona College. He led his teams to a total of fourteen championships, including the 1988 national title in cross country. In 1988 he was named the National Junior College Athletic Association coach of the year.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy and honors.

paragraph: He was inducted into the National Track & Field Hall of Fame in 1981 and the National Distance Running Hall of Fame in 2003. He also has been inducted into the University of Arizona HOF, New Mexico Sports Hall of Fame in 2014, NJCAA Track and Cross Country HOF and National Distance Running HOF in 2003.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976, "Always Young", Frank Dolson.

description: American former track and field athlete and college coach

wikidata_label: George Young

wikipedia_title: George Young (athlete)


text: Areopagus

text: Acts of the Apostles

text: Christianity

text: Paul the Apostle

text: Areopagus sermon

text: Dionysius, Bishop of Corinth

text: Eusebius

text: Areopagus

text: martyr

text: Bishop of Athens

text: saint

text: Catholic

text: Eastern Orthodox

text: mystical nature

text: Neoplatonic language

text: pseudepigrapha

text: Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite

text: Gaul

text: Bishop of Paris

text: Denis

text: St. Dionysus Institute in Paris

text: Early centers of Christianity#Greece

text: icon

text: synaxarion

text: Max Müller

text: Dionysius the Areopagite

categories: People in Acts of the Apostles,Doctors of the Church,Converts to Christianity from pagan religions,1st-century Christian theologians,1st-century Christian martyrs,Bishops of Athens,1st-century Christian saints,1st-century bishops,Saints of Roman Athens,Roman-era Greeks,Ancient Athenians

paragraph: Dionysius the Areopagite

paragraph: Saint Dionysius the Areopagite (; "Dionysios ho Areopagitês") was a judge at the Areopagus Court in Athens, who lived in the first century.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: As related in the "Acts of the Apostles" (), he was converted to Christianity by the preaching of Paul the Apostle during the Areopagus sermon, according to Dionysius, Bishop of Corinth, as quoted by Eusebius. He was one of the first Athenians to believe in Christ. Earlier, at a young age, he found himself in the Heliopolis of Egypt (near Cairo) just at the time of the Christ's crucifixion in Jerusalem. On that Great Friday, at the time of the crucifixion of Christ, according to the gospel, "From noon until three in the afternoon darkness came over all the land." (Matthew 27:45). The young boy, Dionysius was shocked by this paradoxical phenomenon and exclaimed: "God suffers or is always despondent" ("God suffers or is lost all"). He took care to note the day and hour of this supernatural event of the darkness of the Sun.

paragraph: When Dionysius returned to Athens, he heard the preaching of the Apostle Paul in the Areopagus Hill in Athens, talking about that supernatural darkness during the Crucifixion of the Lord, dissolving any doubt about the validity of his new faith. He was baptized, with his family in 52 AD. The acceptance of Dionysius of Christ refers to the Acts of the Apostles in chapter 17 and verse 34 "The men who have been sealed have believed in them, and Dionysius the Areopagite, and the name of Damaris, and the others in it." Thus when Dionysius heard Paul preach on Christ on the Aeropagus Hill in Athens, he would recall this experience which would reinforce his conviction that Paul was speaking the truth on Christ as the long-promised Messiah and Savior of the World. Historical accounts wrote that he learned that the Mother of Christ, Mary, lived in Jerusalem, he traveled to Jerusalem to met her. From this meeting he said: "Her appearance, her features, her whole appearance testify that she is indeed Mother of God." In Jerusalem, he also discovered where Mary slept and departed this world to join her Son and her God. Then he wept sorely like the Apostles and other Church leaders torrents of tears and also attended Mary's funeral in Jerusalem. Dionysius suffered a Christian martyr's end by burning. His story was preserved by the early Christian historian, Eusebius of Caesarea in his Ecclesiastical history

paragraph: After his conversion, Dionysius became the first Bishop of Athens. He is venerated as a saint in Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. He the patron saint of Athens and is venerated as the protector of the Judges and the Judiciary. His memory is celebrated on October 3. His name day in the Eastern Orthodox Church is October 3 and in the Catholic Church is October 9.

paragraph: In Athens there are two large churches bearing its name, one in Kolonaki on Skoufa Street, while the other is the Catholic Metropolis of Athens , on Panepistimiou Street. Its name also bears the pedestrian walkway around the Acropolis, which passes through the rock of the Areios Pagos.

paragraph: Dionysius is the patron saint of the Gargaliani of Messenia , as well as in the village of Dionysi in the south of the prefecture of Heraklion. The village was named after the saint and is the only village of Crete with a church in honor of Saint Dionysios Areopagitis.

paragraph: Section::::Historic confusions.

paragraph: In the early sixth century, a series of writings of a mystical nature, employing Neoplatonic language to elucidate Christian theological and mystical ideas, was ascribed to the Areopagite. They have long been recognized as pseudepigrapha, and their author is now called "Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite".

paragraph: Dionysius has been misidentified with the martyr of Gaul, Dionysius, the first Bishop of Paris, Denis. However, this mistake by a ninth century writer is ignored and each saint is commemorated on his respective day.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Dionysus Institute in Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- Early centers of Christianity#Greece

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cathedral Basilica of St. Dionysius the Areopagite (A Roman Catholic church in Athens named after Dionysius the Aeropagite)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens Orthodox icon and synaxarion

paragraph: BULLET::::- Max Müller Dionysius the Areopagite Lecture 1895

description: bishop and saint

wikidata_label: Dionysius the Areopagite

wikipedia_title: Dionysius the Areopagite


text: British

text: Conservative Party

text: Speaker of the House of Commons

text: QC

text: Malvern College

text: tailor

text: Savile Row

text: Victoria and Albert Museum

text: thimble

text: epitaph

text: Livery Companies

text: Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors

text: Worshipful Company of Blacksmiths

text: British Army

text: World War II

text: 4th/7th Dragoon Guards

text: captain

text: 19th King George V's Own Lancers

text: Indian Army

text: Burma

text: Bengal

text: Urdu

text: meditation

text: Bengal famine of 1943

text: vegetarian

text: Member of Parliament

text: Croydon North East

text: Conservative

text: whip

text: Chief Whip

text: Labour

text: Walter Harrison

text: Alfred Broughton

text: the Government fell by one vote

text: Privy Council

text: Speaker of the House of Commons

text: House of Commons

text: Prime Minister's Questions

text: Robin-Lee Hall

text: Portcullis House

text: life peer

text: North East Croydon

text: London Borough of Croydon

text: House of Lords

text: crossbencher

text: Convenor of the Crossbench Peers

text: House of Lords Act 1999

text: hereditary peers

text: Better Off Out

text: Freeman

text: City of London

text: London Borough of Croydon

text: Lord Blake

text: Westminster Abbey

text: Roy Strong

text: Order of St John of Jerusalem

text: Urdu

text: Hilal-i-Pakistan

text: Crescent of Pakistan, second class

text: Pakistan

text: Deputy Lieutenant

text: Kent

text: European Reform Forum

text: vegetarianism

text: Hyde Park

text: Tony Benn

text: Marie Curie

text: Caterham

text: Surrey

text: Bernard Weatherill House

text: Alan Lovell

text: Weatherill Papers

text: Obituary

text: Daily Telegraph

categories: Knights of the Order of St John,UK MPs 1974,People from Guildford,Crossbench life peers,Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry soldiers,1920 births,UK MPs 1970–1974,UK MPs 1964–1966,Politics of the London Borough of Croydon,2007 deaths,British Indian Army officers,Freemen of the City of London,Treasurers of the Household,Speakers of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom,People educated at Malvern College,4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards officers,British Army personnel of World War II,UK MPs 1966–1970,UK MPs 1974–1979,UK MPs 1983–1987,UK MPs 1979–1983,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,Deputy Lieutenants of Kent,UK MPs 1987–1992

paragraph: Bernard Weatherill

paragraph: Bruce Bernard Weatherill, Baron Weatherill, (25 November 1920 – 6 May 2007), was a British Conservative Party politician who served as Speaker of the House of Commons between 1983 and 1992.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He was the son of Bernard Bruce Weatherill (1883–1962) and Annie Gertrude née Creak (1886–1966). He married Lyn Eatwell (1928–) in 1949 and they had three children: Bernard Richard, QC (born 1951), Henry Bruce (born 1953) and Virginia (born 1955). Weatherill was known as "Jack", while his twin sister (baptismal name Margery) was called "Jill".

paragraph: Section::::Tailor.

paragraph: After attending Malvern College, he was apprenticed at age 17 as a tailor to the family firm Bernard Weatherill Ltd, Sporting Tailors, later of 5 Savile Row. He became Director (1948), Managing Director (1958), and Chairman (1967) of the business. After it merged with Kilgour French & Stanbury Ltd., Tailors in 1969, he became Chairman of the combined firm. He resumed his role with the company after his retirement from the House of Commons in 1992, as President until the firm was acquired by others in 2003. Some of the clothes he designed are in the Victoria and Albert Museum and other museum collections.

paragraph: Following his mother's advice, he always carried his tailoring thimble in his pocket as a reminder of his trade origins and the need for humility, no matter how high one rises. He said that he desired his epitaph to be "He always kept his word."

paragraph: He was a member of three City of London Livery Companies: the Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors, the Worshipful Company of Blacksmiths, and the Worshipful Company of Gold and Silver Wyre Drawers.

paragraph: Section::::British Army.

paragraph: Weatherill enlisted as a private in the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry of the British Army a few days after the start of World War II. He was commissioned into the 4th/7th Dragoon Guards in May 1941 and reached the rank of captain three years after that. He was attached to 19th King George V's Own Lancers, Indian Army, after being posted to Burma.

paragraph: While on active service, Weatherill spent time in Bengal, where he embraced the local culture, including learning Urdu and taking up meditation. In response to having witnessed the Bengal famine of 1943, he became a vegetarian.

paragraph: Weatherill was discharged from the Army in 1946, having served for seven years.

paragraph: Section::::Member of Parliament.

paragraph: He was elected Member of Parliament on 15 October 1964 for Croydon North East as a Conservative. He became a party whip only three years later, and deputy Chief Whip six years after that. He was re-elected seven times for the same seat until his retirement in 1992.

paragraph: From October 1971 to April 1973, Weatherill was Vice-Chamberlain of Her Majesty's Household, an office usually held by a Government whip, as Weatherill then was. He wrote a letter (hand-carried by messenger, or sent by telegram) to the Queen at the end of each day the House of Commons met, describing the debates, reactions, and political gossip. His letters are believed to have been more entertaining than the debates themselves.

paragraph: In 1979, Weatherill played a critical role in the defeat of the Labour government in a vote of confidence. As the vote loomed, Labour's deputy Chief Whip, Walter Harrison, approached Weatherill to enforce the convention and gentleman's agreement that if a sick MP from the Government could not vote, an MP from the Opposition would abstain to compensate. The Labour MP Alfred Broughton was on his deathbed and could not vote, meaning the Government would probably lose by one vote. Weatherill said that the convention had never been intended for such a critical vote that meant the life or death of the Government and it would be impossible to find a Conservative MP who would agree to abstain. However, after a moment's reflection, he offered that he would abstain, because he felt it would be dishonourable to break his word to Harrison. Harrison was so impressed by Weatherill's offer - which would have effectively ended his political career - that he released Weatherill from his obligation, and the Government fell by one vote.

paragraph: He was sworn of the Privy Council on 8 January 1980.

paragraph: Section::::Speaker of the House of Commons.

paragraph: He was Speaker of the House of Commons from 1983 to 1992. As Speaker at the time television cameras were first allowed to cover proceedings in the House of Commons, he became widely known due to broadcasts of Prime Minister's Questions.

paragraph: He was the last Speaker to wear a wig while in the chair. He commented that the wig is a wonderful device that allows the Speaker to pretend not to hear some things. He enforced the rights of Parliament to be publicly told of government policies before they were announced to the press or elsewhere. A portrait of him by Robin-Lee Hall hangs in Portcullis House.

paragraph: Section::::Life peer.

paragraph: He stood down in 1992, and was made a life peer on 15 July 1992 taking the title Baron Weatherill, "of North East Croydon in the London Borough of Croydon". As is customary for former Speakers, the government put before the House of Commons an address to the Queen, asking that Weatherill be appointed a peer as a mark of "royal favour". Given a rare opportunity to discuss constitutional arrangements relating to the monarch and the Upper House, left-wing members of Parliament forced a debate on the petition.

paragraph: He sat in the House of Lords as a crossbencher, the convention for former Speakers, irrespective of their previous party affiliation.

paragraph: In 1993, he was elected alternate Convenor of the Crossbench Peers, and was a convenor from 1995 until 1999. In the House of Lords he made a major contribution to the House of Lords Act 1999 by stitching together the compromise that allowed a limited number of hereditary peers to remain as members.

paragraph: In 2006, he became Patron of the Better Off Out campaign, calling for Britain to leave the European Union.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He became a Freeman of the City of London in 1949, and of the London Borough of Croydon in 1983.

paragraph: In 1989, he succeeded Lord Blake as High Bailiff and Searcher of the Sanctuary of Westminster Abbey. He resigned both of those offices at the end of 1998 in protest at the manner in which the Dean and Chapter dealt with terminating the employment of the organist. He was succeeded by Sir Roy Strong.

paragraph: He was Vice-Chancellor of the British charitable Order of St John of Jerusalem from 1983 to 2000, and was a knight of the Order from 1992.

paragraph: An Urdu speaker, he was decorated with the Hilal-i-Pakistan (Crescent of Pakistan, second class) by the government of Pakistan in 1993.

paragraph: In 1994, he was named a Deputy Lieutenant of Kent.

paragraph: He was a member of the European Reform Forum.

paragraph: Weatherill was an advocate of vegetarianism and appeared at the first Vegetarian Rally in Hyde Park in 1990, alongside Tony Benn. He once stated, "as a life long vegetarian I believe that since man cannot give life he has no moral right to take it away".

paragraph: In 2005, he announced he was suffering from prostate cancer. On 6 May 2007, he died at the age of 86 in the Marie Curie Community Hospice in Caterham, Surrey, after a short illness.

paragraph: Bernard Weatherill House, council offices in Croydon, is named after him.

paragraph: His daughter Mariette is married to the businessman Alan Lovell.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Weatherill Papers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary Daily Telegraph

paragraph: Section::::External links.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Bernard Weatherill

wikipedia_title: Bernard Weatherill


text: Quebec

text: James Wilson Morrice

text: Montreal

text: École des beaux-arts de Montréal

text: Paul-Émile Borduas

text: Les Automatistes

text: André Breton

text: Refus global

text: Paris

text: Françoise Lespérance

text: Joan Mitchell

text: Giverny

text: Monet

text: Surrealism

text: Lyrical Abstraction

text: abstract expressionism

text: Jackson Pollock

text: impasto

text: São Paulo Art Biennial

text: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

text: Pierre Matisse

text: B. C. Binning

text: Paul-Émile Borduas

text: Venice Biennale

text: Charles Comfort

text: Guggenheim Museum

text: Kölnischer Kunstverein

text: National Gallery of Canada

text: Fondation Maeght

text: Royal Canadian Academy of Arts

text: Sainte-Marguerite-du-Lac-Masson

text: Musée National d'Art Moderne

text: Centre Georges Pompidou

text: Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec

text: Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal

text: Museo de Arte Moderno

text: Prix Paul-Émile-Borduas

text: Estérel, Quebec

text: Isle-aux-Grues

text: André Breton

text: Sam Francis

text: Samuel Beckett

text: Heffel Fine Art Auction House

text: Hochelaga-Maisonneuve

text: Place Jean-Paul-Riopelle

text: Quartier international de Montréal

text: Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal

text: Venice Biennale

text: Order of Canada

text: Canada

text: UNESCO

text: Opéra Bastille

text: Paris

text: National Order of Quebec

text: Canada's Walk of Fame

text: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts

text: State Hermitage Museum

text: Lise Gauvin

text: The Art Institute of Chicago

text: National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa

text: Brooklyn Museum, New York City

text: Record price for Riopelle painting

categories: Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts,Modern sculptors,Alumni of the Académie de la Grande Chaumière,20th-century sculptors,2002 deaths,Grand Officers of the National Order of Quebec,Canadian sculptors,Artists from Montreal,Companions of the Order of Canada,Modern painters,Abstract painters,Canadian contemporary artists,20th-century Canadian painters,1923 births

paragraph: Jean-Paul Riopelle

paragraph: Jean-Paul Riopelle, (7 October 1923 – 12 March 2002) was a painter and sculptor from Quebec, Canada. He became the first Canadian painter (since James Wilson Morrice) to attain widespread international recognition.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Montreal, Riopelle began drawing lessons in 1933 and continued through 1938. He studied engineering, architecture and photography at the école polytechnique in 1941. In 1942 he enrolled at the École des beaux-arts de Montréal but shifted his studies to the less academic école du Meuble, graduating in 1945.

paragraph: He studied under Paul-Émile Borduas in the 1940s and was a member of Les Automatistes movement. Breaking with traditional conventions in 1945 after reading André Breton's "Le Surréalisme et la Peinture", he began experimenting with non-objective (or non-representational) painting. He was one of the signers of the "Refus global" manifesto. In 1947 Riopelle moved to Paris and continued his career as an artist, where, after a brief association with the surrealists (he was the only Canadian to exhibit with them) he capitalized on his image as a "wild Canadian". His first solo exhibition took place in 1949 at the Surrealist meeting place, "Galerie La Dragonne" in Paris.

paragraph: Riopelle married Françoise Lespérance in 1946; the couple had two daughters but separated in 1953.

paragraph: In 1959 he began a relationship with the American painter Joan Mitchell. Living together throughout the 1960s, they kept separate homes and studios near Giverny, where Monet had lived. They influenced one another greatly, as much intellectually as artistically, but their relationship was a stormy one, fueled by alcohol. The relationship ended in 1979. His 1992 painting "Hommage à Rosa Luxemburg" is Riopelle's tribute to Mitchell, who died that year, and is regarded as a high point of his later work.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Riopelle's style in the 1940s changed quickly from Surrealism to Lyrical Abstraction (related to abstract expressionism), in which he used myriad tumultuous cubes and triangles of multicolored elements, facetted with a palette knife, spatula, or trowel, on often large canvases to create powerful atmospheres.

paragraph: The presence of long filaments of paint in his painting from 1948 through the early 1950s has often been seen as resulting from a dripping technique like that of Jackson Pollock. Rather, the creation of such effects came from the act of throwing, with a palette knife or brush, large quantities of paint onto the stretched canvas (positioned vertically).

paragraph: Riopelle's voluminous impasto became just as important as color. His oil painting technique allowed him to paint thick layers, producing peaks and troughs as copious amounts of paint were applied to the surface of the canvas. Riopelle, though, claimed that the heavy impasto was unintentional: "When I begin a painting," he said, "I always hope to complete it in a few strokes, starting with the first colours I daub down anywhere and anyhow. But it never works, so I add more, without realizing it. I have never wanted to paint thickly, paint tubes are much too expensive. But one way or another, the painting has to be done. When I learn how to paint better, I will paint less thickly."

paragraph: When Riopelle started painting, he would attempt to finish the work in one session, preparing all the color he needed before hand: "I would even go as far to say—obviously I don't use a palette, but the idea of a palette or a selection of colors that is not "mine" makes me uncomfortable, because when I work, I can't waste my time searching for them. It has to work right away."

paragraph: A third element, "range of gloss", in addition to color and volume, plays a crucial role in Riopelle's oil paintings. Paints are juxtaposed so that light is reflected off the surface not just in different directions but with varying intensity, depending on the naturally occurring gloss finish (he did not varnish his paintings). These three elements; "color", "volume", and "range of gloss", would form the basis of his oil painting technique throughout his long and prolific career.

paragraph: Riopelle received an Honorable Mention at the 1952 São Paulo Art Biennial. In 1953 he showed at the "Younger European Painters" exhibition at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City. The following year Riopelle began exhibiting at the Pierre Matisse Gallery in New York. In 1954, works by Riopelle, along with those of B. C. Binning and Paul-Émile Borduas represented Canada at the Venice Biennale. He was the sole artist representing Canada at the 1962 Venice Biennale in an exhibit curated by Charles Comfort.

paragraph: Riopelle received an Honorable Mention at the Guggenheim Museum’s "Guggenheim International Award" exhibition in 1958 and a major retrospective of his work was held at the Kölnischer Kunstverein, Cologne. Subsequent retrospectives of Riopelle’s work were held at the National Gallery of Canada in 1963, a smaller exhibition at the Musée du Québec in 1967, at the Fondation Maeght (Saint Paul-de-Vence, France) in 1971, and at the Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris in 1972. He was made a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts.

paragraph: After diversifying his means of expression during the 1960s (turning to ink on paper, watercolours, lithography, collage and oils), he experimented with sculptural installations, including a fountain in Montreal's Olympic Stadium, called "La joute". In 1972 he returned to Québec and built a studio at Sainte-Marguerite-du-Lac-Masson. He discovered the black and white landscapes of the Great North, inspiring in the "Icebergs" series of 1977 and 1978. A large retrospective of Riopelle's work was held in 1981 at the Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, in Paris, then traveled to the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec and Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal, 1981-1982. This exhibit also travelled to the Museo de Arte Moderno in Mexico City, the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas, Venezuela in Caracas.

paragraph: While expressing more representational subject matter in the 1980s, he abandoned traditional painting methods in favor of aerosol spray cans. In 1981 he became the first signatory of the Refus Global manifesto to be awarded the prestigious Prix Paul-Émile-Borduas. His painting "Hommage à Rosa Luxemburg" (1992) is a tribute to love, to the American painter Joan Mitchell who was his companion for 25 years. Riopelle established his studios at Estérel, Quebec, but lived his last years at Isle-aux-Grues, an isolated island situated in the St. Lawrence River.

paragraph: Riopelle was arguably one of the most important Canadian artists of the 20th century, establishing his reputation in the burgeoning postwar art scene of Paris, where his entourage included André Breton, Sam Francis and Samuel Beckett. Riopelle produced over six thousand works (of which he produced more than two thousand paintings) during the course of his lifetime.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Art market.

paragraph: On May 24, 2017 Riopelle's painting "Vent du nord" sold at the Heffel Fine Art Auction House spring auction for $7,438,750 (CAD) (including buyer's premium), the second-highest price to date for a Canadian work of art. Heffel holds the current record for Riopelle's work.

paragraph: Section::::Relocation of "La Joute".

paragraph: Riopelle's 1969 work "La Joute" was originally located in the Parc Olympique, in the Hochelaga-Maisonneuve district of Montreal. The work is an homage to his boyhood hockey heroes. Its relocation to the La Place Jean-Paul-Riopelle during the redevelopment of the Quartier international de Montréal in 2003 provoked controversy and outrage from residents of Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, who claimed that moving it from the Parc Olympique deprived it of the context required for its full meaning as an homage to sport.

paragraph: Those who supported the move, including the Quebec government, Riopelle's heirs, and the artwork's owner the Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal, argued that moving it would allow a proper homage to Riopelle, and that it would allow the work to be more widely seen and exhibited as the artist intended, whereas its previous location had been inaccessible and had not included the fountain or fire elements Riopelle designed.

paragraph: Section::::Theft and Destruction of "La Défaite".

paragraph: On August 1, 2011, Riopelle's sculpture "La Défaite" was stolen from its pedestal in Esterel, QC, where it had been on display since 1963. The sculpture was found the next day in a wooded area, broken into four pieces.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Riopelle represented Canada at the 1962 Venice Biennale. In 1969 he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada, and began to spend more time in Canada. He was specially recognized by UNESCO for his work. One of his largest compositions, "Point de rencontre", was originally intended for the Toronto airport, but is now in the Opéra Bastille in Paris. In 1988 he was made an Officer of the National Order of Quebec and was promoted to Grand Officer in 1994. In 2000 Riopelle was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame.

paragraph: In June, 2006 the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts organized a retrospective exhibition which was presented at the State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia and the Musee Cantini in Marseilles, France. The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts has a number of his works, spanning his entire career, in their permanent collection.

paragraph: A set of postage stamps depicting portions of Riopelle's painting "L'Hommage à Rosa Luxemburg" was issued by Canada Post on Oct. 7, 2003.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Livingston, Jane, Joan Mitchell, Linda Nochlin and Yvette Y. Lee. "The Paintings of Joan Mitchell." New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guy Robert, "Riopelle ou la poétique du geste", Éditions de l'homme, Montréal, 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- , "Riopelle, Signes mêlés", Maeght Éditeur, Paris, 1972

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pierre Schneider, Preface of exhibition catalogue, "Jean-Paul Riopelle", Paris, Musée National d'Art Moderne, 1981

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guy Robert, "Riopelle chasseur d'images", Éditions France-Amérique, Montréal, 1981

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daniel Gagnon, "Riopelle grandeur nature", Fides, Collection Approches, Montréal, 1988

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jean-Paul Riopelle, D'hier et d'aujourd'hui", Fondation Maeght, 1990

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Riopelle", exhibition catalogue, Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal, 1991

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Entretiens avec Jean-Paul Riopelle; suivis de Fernand Seguin rencontre Jean-Paul Riopelle", Édition Liber, collection de vive-voix, Montréal, 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hélène de Billy, "Riopelle", Édition Art Global, Montréal, 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- René Viau, "Jean-Paul Riopelle", Édition Musée du Québec, 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lise Gauvin, "Chez Riopelle", Visites d'Atelier, Éditions de L'Hexagone, 2005, Montréal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yseult Riopelle, "Catalogue raisonné de Jean-Paul Riopelle, Tome 1, 1939-1953", Hibou Éditeurs, Montréal, 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yseult Riopelle, "Catalogue raisonné de Jean-Paul Riopelle, Tome 2, 1954-1959", Hibou Éditeurs, Montréal, 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yseult Riopelle, "Catalogue raisonné des estampes de Jean-Paul Riopelle", Hibou Éditeurs, Montréal, 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yseult Riopelle, Tanguy Riopelle, "Catalogue raisonné de Jean-Paul Riopelle, Tome 3, 1960-1965", Hibou Éditeurs, Montréal, 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yseult Riopelle, Tanguy Riopelle, François-Marc Gagnon, "Catalogue raisonné de Jean Paul Riopelle Tome 4, 1961-1971", Hibou Éditeurs, Montréal, 2014

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Art Institute of Chicago

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington D.C.

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brooklyn Museum, New York City

paragraph: BULLET::::- Los Angeles County Museum of Art, LACMA, Database

paragraph: BULLET::::- Musée des Beaux-Arts de Montréal, Québec

paragraph: BULLET::::- Musée National des Beaux-Arts du Québec, Quebec City

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- Record price for Riopelle painting at a public auction, Christie's Paris, 1 June 2012

alias:
Paul Riopelle Jean
Jean Paul Riopelle
j.p. riopelle
J.P. Riopelle

description: Canadian artist

wikidata_label: Jean-Paul Riopelle

wikipedia_title: Jean-Paul Riopelle


text: Dutch

text: John the Baptist

text: Gijsbrecht van Aemstel

text: Cologne

text: Holy Roman Empire

text: Mennonite

text: Antwerp

text: Utrecht

text: Amsterdam

text: Dutch Republic

text: Roemer Visscher

text: Catholicism

text: Calvinist

text: Protestantism

text: religious tolerance

text: trial

text: Johan van Oldenbarnevelt

text: Maurits of Nassau

text: Synod of Dort

text: Anabaptism

text: Arminianism

text: clandestine houses of prayer

text: George Borrow

text: Gijsbrecht van Aemstel

text: John Milton

text: Paradise Lost

text: Lucifer

text: Vondelpark

text: Cologne

text: Neustadt-Süd

text: Dutch five guilder banknote

text: Joost van den Vondel

text: Project Laurens Janszoon Coster

text: Joost van den Vondel

text: Digital library for Dutch literature

text: Joost van den Vondel: Profiel

text: National Library of the Netherlands

categories: 1587 births,Dutch Roman Catholics,Burials at the Nieuwe Kerk (Amsterdam),17th-century Dutch dramatists and playwrights,Male dramatists and playwrights,17th-century Dutch poets,Dutch male poets,Dutch Golden Age writers,Writers from Amsterdam,1679 deaths,Roman Catholic writers,Muiderkring,Converts to Roman Catholicism from Calvinism

paragraph: Joost van den Vondel

paragraph: Joost van den Vondel (; 17 November 1587 – 5 February 1679) was a Dutch poet, writer and playwright. He is considered the most prominent Dutch poet and playwright of the 17th century. His plays are the ones from that period that are still most frequently performed, and his epic "Joannes de Boetgezant" (1662), on the life of John the Baptist, has been called the greatest Dutch epic.

paragraph: Vondel's theatrical works were regularly performed until the 1960s. The most visible was the annual performance, on New Year's Day from 1637 to 1968, of "Gijsbrecht van Aemstel".

paragraph: Vondel remained productive until a very old age. Several of his most notable plays like ' and ' were written after 1650, when he was already 65, and his final play "", written at the age of eighty, is considered one of his finest.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Vondel was born on 17 November 1587 on the Große Witschgasse in Cologne, Holy Roman Empire. His parents were Mennonites of Antwerpian descent. In 1595, probably because of their religious conviction, they fled to Utrecht, and from there, they eventually moved to Amsterdam in the newly formed Dutch Republic.

paragraph: At the age of 23, Vondel married Mayken de Wolff. Together they had four children, of whom two died in infancy. After the death of his father in 1608, Vondel managed the family hosiery shop on the Warmoesstraat in Amsterdam. In the meantime, he began to learn Latin and became acquainted with famous poets such as Roemer Visscher.

paragraph: Around the year 1641, he converted to Catholicism. This was a great shock to most of his fellow countrymen because the main conviction and de facto state religion in the Republic was Calvinist Protestantism. It is still unclear why he became a Catholic although his love for a Catholic lady may have played a role in this (Mayken de Wolff had died in 1635).

paragraph: During his life, he became one of the main advocates for religious tolerance. After the arrest, trial and the immediate beheading of the most important civilian leader of the States of the Netherlands, Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (1619), at the command of his enemy, Prince Maurits of Nassau, and the Synod of Dort (1618–1619), the Calvinists had become the decisive religious power in the Republic. Public practice of Catholicism, Anabaptism and Arminianism was from then on officially forbidden but worship in clandestine houses of prayer was tolerated. Vondel wrote many satires criticising the Calvinists and extolling Oldenbarnevelt. That, together with his new faith, made him an unpopular figure in Calvinist circles. He died a bitter man though he was honoured by many fellow poets, on 5 February 1679.

paragraph: George Borrow called him "by far the greatest [man] that Holland ever produced."

paragraph: Section::::Plays.

paragraph: His plays included:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Passover or the Redemption of Israel from Egypt" (1610),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jerusalem Destroyed" (1620),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Palamedes" (1625),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hecuba" (1626),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joseph" (1635),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gijsbrecht van Aemstel" (1637),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Maidens" (1639),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Brothers" (1640),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joseph in Dothan" (1640),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joseph in Egypt" (1640),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peter and Paul" (1641),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mary Stuart or Tortured Majesty" (1646),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lion Fallers" (1647),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Solomon" (1648),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lucifer" (1654),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Salmoneus" (1657),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jephthah" (1659),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "David in Exile" (1660),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "David Restored" (1660),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Samson or Holy Revenge" (1660),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sigh of Adonis" (1661),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Batavian Brothers or Oppressed Freedom" (1663),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Phaeton" (1663),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adam in Exile from Eden" (1664),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Destruction of the Sinai Army" (1667),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Noah and the Fall of the First World" (1667).

paragraph: Section::::Plays.:"Lucifer" (1654) and Milton's "Paradise Lost".

paragraph: It has been suggested that John Milton drew inspiration from "Lucifer" (1654) and "Adam in Ballingschap" (1664) for his "Paradise Lost" (1667). In some respects the two works have similarities: the focus on Lucifer, the description of the battle in heaven between Lucifer's forces and Michael's, and the anti-climax as Adam and Eve leave Paradise.

paragraph: One example of similarity is the following:

paragraph: "Here may we reign secure, and in my choice To reign is worth ambition, though in Hell.

paragraph: Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven."

paragraph: "Is ’t noodlot, dat ick vall’, van eere en staet berooft,BR

paragraph: Laet vallen, als ick vall’, met deze kroone op ’t hooft,BR

paragraph: Dien scepter in de vuist, dien eersleip van vertrouden,BR

paragraph: En zoo veel duizenden als onze zyde houden.BR

paragraph: Dat valle streckt tot eer, en onverwelckbren lof:BR

paragraph: En liever d’ eerste Vorst in eenigh laeger hof,BR

paragraph: Dan in ’t gezalight licht de tweede, of noch een minderBR

paragraph: Zoo troost ick my de kans, en vrees nu leet noch hinder."

paragraph: Translation:BR

paragraph: "Is it fate that I will fall, robbed of honour and dignity,"BR

paragraph: "Then let me fall, if I were to fall, with this crown upon my head"BR

paragraph: "This sceptre in my fist, this company of loyals,"BR

paragraph: "And as many as are loyal to our side."BR

paragraph: "This fall would honour one, and give unwilting praise:"BR

paragraph: "And rather [would I be] foremost king in any lower court,"BR

paragraph: "Than rank second in most holy light, or even less"BR

paragraph: "Thus I justify my revolt, and will now fear pain nor hindrance."

paragraph: Section::::Commemoration.

paragraph: Amsterdam's biggest park, the Vondelpark, bears his name. There is a statue of Vondel in the northern part of the park. Also, there is a Vondel Street in Cologne, the "Vondelstraße" in the Neustadt-Süd-district.

paragraph: The Dutch five guilder banknote bore Vondel's portrait from 1950 until it was discontinued in 1990.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joost van den Vondel at the Project Laurens Janszoon Coster

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joost van den Vondel at the Digital library for Dutch literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joost van den Vondel: Profiel at the National Library of the Netherlands

paragraph: BULLET::::- Complete digitized copy of "Lucifer", 1654

alias:
J. V. Vondel
Joost Van den Vondel

description: Dutch poet

wikidata_label: Joost van den Vondel

wikipedia_title: Joost van den Vondel


text:
Liberal Party
Puketeraki
Karitane
Tame Parata
Southern Maori
Ngāi Tahu
Kāti Māmoe
Waitaha
iwi
Massachusetts
Native Land Court
Tauranga
Katherine Te Rongokahira Asher
Te Arawa
Albert Asher
Ernie Asher
John Atirau Asher
Wellington
Young Māori Party
Legislative Council
1911 general election

categories: New Zealand Liberal Party MPs,Ngāi Tahu,Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives,1918 deaths,1865 births,New Zealand MPs for Māori electorates

paragraph: Taare Parata

paragraph: Taare Rakatauhake Parata (1865 – 8 January 1918), also known as Charles Rere Parata, was a Māori and a Liberal Party Member of Parliament in New Zealand.

paragraph: Parata was born at Puketeraki near Karitane in 1865, the son of Tame Parata (later the MP for Southern Maori) and his wife Peti Hurene, also known as Elizabeth Brown. He affiliated to the Ngāi Tahu, Kāti Māmoe and Waitaha iwi (tribes). His paternal grandfather was Captain Pratt, a whaler from Massachusetts. He received his education at Dunedin Normal School.

paragraph: In 1896, Parata was a working for the Native Land Court as a clerk and licensed interpreter. On 15 June of that year in Tauranga he married Katherine Te Rongokahira Asher, who belonged to the Te Arawa tribe. She was the daughter of a Jewish trader, David Asher, and granddaughter of Asher Asher, the first captain of the Auckland Fire Brigade. Her brothers included rugby players Albert Asher and Ernie Asher. Another brother, John Atirau Asher, came to live with Te Rongokahira and Charles Parata in Wellington in about 1906. The couple had one daughter and two sons of their own.

paragraph: Charles and Te Rongokahira Parata were among the leaders of "progressive" Māori society and strongly supported the manifesto of what become the Young Māori Party. They often spent time in Wellington, and moved there permanently in 1905. Parata left his position with the Native Land Court and joined William Moffatt in business as land and estate agents, interpreters and native agents; Moffatt running the Palmerston North branch and Parata the head office in Wellington.

paragraph: Following his father's elevation to the Legislative Council in 1911, Parata succeeded his father as Member of Parliament for the Southern Maori electorate in the 1911 general election, and he held the seat until 1918, when he died in Wellington. His body was returned to Puketeraki for burial.

description: New Zealand politician

wikidata_label: Taare Parata

wikipedia_title: Taare Parata


text:
Norwegian
English
Queen Consort
Olav II of Norway
Olof Skötkonung
Obotritian
Edla
Anund Jacob
Emund the Old
Estrid
Västergötland
Ingegerd Olofsdotter
Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden
Yaroslav I the Wise
Novgorod
Kiev
Sarpsborg
jarl
Ragnvald Ulfsson
Wulfhild of Norway
Ordulf, Duke of Saxony
Magnus the Good
Sigtuna
Norwegian Wikipedia
Adam of Bremen
Historia Norwegie
Snorre Sturlason

categories: 1035 deaths,Norwegian royal consorts,Swedish princesses,Year of birth unknown,Fairhair dynasty,11th-century Norwegian people,Viking Age women,11th-century Swedish women,House of Munsö,11th-century Swedish people

paragraph: Astrid Olofsdotter of Sweden

paragraph: Astrid Olofsdotter (Norwegian: "Astrid Olavsdatter"; English: "Aestrith") (died 1035) was the Queen Consort of King Olav II of Norway.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Astrid was born to King Olof Skötkonung of Sweden and his Obotritian mistress Edla. She was the half sister of King Anund Jacob of Sweden and sister of King Emund the Old of Sweden. It is said that she and her brother Emund were not treated well by their stepmother, Queen Estrid, and that they were sent away to foster parents. Astrid was sent to a man named Egil in Västergötland.

paragraph: In 1016, it had been decided that Norway and Sweden should come to more peaceful relations by a royal marriage alliance. Noblemen of both countries tried to arrange a marriage between King Olav of Norway and the half sister of Astrid, Princess Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden. King Olof of Sweden agreed at first but broke his promise. King Olav was supposed to have married Astrid's half sister, Olof Skötkonung's legitimate daughter Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden. Ingegerd was, however, after his father's wishes instead married to Yaroslav I the Wise, Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kiev. Astrid was married to King Olav in Sarpsborg in 1019. Some sources claim that Astrid replaced Ingegerd by the wish of her father. Other sources claim that the marriage took place against the will of her father, by the cooperation of King Olav of Norway and the Swedish jarl Ragnvald Ulfsson.

paragraph: Astrid was described as beautiful, articulate and generous, and well liked by others. She was the mother of Wulfhild of Norway (1020–1070), wife of Ordulf, Duke of Saxony and the stepmother of King Magnus the Good, with whom she had a good relationship. In 1030, she was widowed when her husband was killed. She left Norway and settled in the Swedish court, where she had a high position. When her stepson Magnus visited Sigtuna on his way to claim the Norwegian throne, she gave him her official support and encouraged Sweden to do so as well.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This article is based on a translation of the of the Norwegian Wikipedia"

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adam of Bremen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historia Norwegie

paragraph: BULLET::::- Snorre Sturlason

paragraph: Section::::Other sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lagerqvist, Lars O. "Sverige och dess regenter under 1.000 år" (Albert Bonniers Förlag AB. 1982)

description: Queen Consort of King Olav II of Norway

wikidata_label: Astrid Olofsdotter

wikipedia_title: Astrid Olofsdotter of Sweden


text: French

text: far right

text: Paris

text: collaborationism

text: Vichy regime

text: Arab world

text: Switzerland

text: United Kingdom

text: Lycée Louis-le-Grand

text: Sorbonne

text: French Army

text: occupation of the Rhineland

text: International News Service

text: Louise Weiss

text: democracy

text: French Popular Party

text: Germanophile

text: Battle of France

text: Voves

text: Berlin

text: François Darlan

text: Pierre Pucheu

text: Paul Marion

text: Darlan

text: Berchtesgaden

text: Syria

text: Germany

text: Hitler

text: Otto Abetz

text: Fernand de Brinon

text: Vichy France

text: Paul Marion

text: Joseph Darnand

text: Légion des Volontaires Français

text: Pierre Laval

text: Jacques Doriot

text: indignité nationale

text: Vincent Auriol

text: Clairvaux

text: Republican Party of Liberty

text: Pierre-Antoine Cousteau

text: Maurice Bardèche

text: Adolf Hitler

text: Mein Kampf

text: Arabist

text: Ibn Saud

text: Shakespeare and Company

text: Sylvia Beach

text: James Joyce

text: Molly Bloom

text: Ulysses

text: Ernst Jünger

text: Union Movement

text: Oswald Mosley

text: Rêve le plus long de l'Histoire

text: Marcel Proust

categories: University of Paris alumni,LGBT writers from France,Winners of the Prix Broquette-Gonin (literature),Writers from Paris,French journalists,World War II prisoners of war held by Germany,French Popular Party politicians,Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery,1983 deaths,1901 births,20th-century French politicians,Prisoners sentenced to death by France,French prisoners sentenced to death,20th-century French historians,French-language LGBT writers,20th-century French writers,20th-century French male writers,French memoirists,French military personnel of World War II,French collaborators with Nazi Germany

paragraph: Jacques Benoist-Méchin

paragraph: Jacques Michel Gabriel Paul Benoist-Méchin (1 July 1901 – 24 February 1983) was a French far right politician and writer. He was born and died in Paris. Well known as a journalist and historian, he would later become prominent for his collaborationism under the Vichy regime. After being condemned in 1947 and released from prison in 1954, he became a specialist of the Arab world in the second part of his life.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Benoist-Méchin was educated at leading schools in Switzerland and the United Kingdom as well as the Lycée Louis-le-Grand before attending the Sorbonne. He subsequently served in the French Army, spending the period from 1921 to 1923 as part of the forces involved in the occupation of the Rhineland. He then became a journalist, working for the International News Service from 1924 to 1927 and was appointed editor of "L'Europe Nouvelle" in 1930 by Louise Weiss.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: A critic of democracy Benoist-Méchin joined the French Popular Party in 1936. A noted Germanophile, he joined the "Comité France-Allemagne", a group dedicated to fostering closer links between the two countries. Despite this his earlier military service meant that when war broke out between the two countries in 1939 he was mobilised and during the Battle of France he was captured and for a time held as a prisoner of war in Voves. He was quickly freed however and served as chief of the POWs diplomatic mission to Berlin, aimed at securing the release of those held in Germany.

paragraph: In the main the Germanophile Benoist-Méchin somewhat welcomed the German occupation of France during World War II. He served as an undersecretary in the François Darlan regime and, along with Pierre Pucheu and Paul Marion, became part of the so-called "young cyclists" group of pro-German Darlan loyalists. The 11 May 1941, he accompanied Darlan to Berchtesgaden in order to negotiate military facilities in Syria for Germany with Hitler. In early 1942 he received from his personal friend Otto Abetz an offer that would guarantee France effective independence if the country agreed to become a military ally of Germany, although when the offer was officially made the terms had been watered down somewhat. Despite this loss of face Benoist-Méchin was an enthusiastic collaborator who claimed that France was working with Germany rather than opposing her and risking further defeat or working for her and thus becoming subservient. He was briefly the official ambassador for the collaborationist government in occupied Paris although early on this role passed to fellow Germanophile Fernand de Brinon.

paragraph: A minister without portfolio in Vichy France, Benoist-Méchin's influence grew when he, along with his allies Paul Marion and Joseph Darnand, was appointed to the controlling committee of the "Légion des Volontaires Français" in June 1942. In this position he suggested renaming the group "Légion Tricolore" and converting it into a professional military unit, an idea soon adopted. Increasingly sidelined by Pierre Laval, Benoist-Méchin was involved in plotting with Darnand and Jacques Doriot for the three men to form a pro-Nazi triumvirate to administer Vichy France but the plan came to nothing.

paragraph: He was arrested in September 1944 for his role as collaborator. His trial began on 9 May 1947 before the High Court of Justice. He was accused of tactical and strategic collaboration with the enemy. On 6 June, Benoist-Méchin was sentenced to death and "indignité nationale". He was pardoned on July 30 by President Vincent Auriol and on 6 August his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment and later to 20 years. He benefited from a remission of sentence 24 September 1953 and was released on parole in November 1954, when he was freed from Clairvaux.

paragraph: Immediately before and following his release Benoist-Méchin wrote for a number of right-wing journals, notably "Écrits de Paris" and "Paroles Françaises", the organ of the Republican Party of Liberty. He was a member of the "Union des Intellectuels Indépendants", along with the likes of Pierre-Antoine Cousteau, and was co-patron with Maurice Bardèche of "L'Union Réaliste", a group that sought to glorify the Vichy years.

paragraph: Section::::Writing.

paragraph: As a writer he produced a "History of the German Army" in ten volumes whilst "De la Défaite au désastre", his memoirs of the collaboration period, was published in 1984. His 1941 work "La Moisson de Quarante" was an earlier memoir, specifically concerned with his time as a POW, whilst he would later write an interpretation of Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf". Before the war he had been most noted as an Arabist and was a prominent admirer of Ibn Saud.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Benoist-Méchin was a patron of the famous Paris bookshop Shakespeare and Company and during the Second World War used his connections to secure the release of the shop's American-born owner Sylvia Beach from a spell of internment. He befriended James Joyce and made an early French translation of Molly Bloom's monologue from "Ulysses", and also provided the musical transcription of "Little Harry Hughes" photographed for episode 17. He also corresponded with Ernst Jünger during the German scholar's residence in occupied France. He also developed a close friendship with Union Movement leader Oswald Mosley whilst the latter lived in France after the war.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Histoire de l'armée allemande" (1936) :

paragraph: BULLET::::1. : " De l'Armée impériale à la Reichwehr (1918-1919)" ;

paragraph: BULLET::::2. : " De la Reichwehr à l'Armée nationale (1919-1938)" ;

paragraph: BULLET::::3. : " De Vienne à Prague (1938-1939)".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Éclaircissements sur Mein Kampf d'Adolphe Hitler, le livre qui a changé la face du monde" (1939).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Moisson de quarante – Journal d’un prisonnier de guerre" (1941).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'Ukraine, des origines à Staline" (Albin Michel, 1941).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ce qui demeure – Lettres de soldats tombés au champ d’honneur, 1914-1918" (1942).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Série du "Rêve le plus long de l'Histoire" (Éditions Perrin ou Tempus pour la collection de Poche) :

paragraph: BULLET::::1. : "Lawrence d'Arabie – Le rêve fracassé" (1961), existe aussi en collection de poche depuis 2008 ;

paragraph: BULLET::::2. : "Cléopâtre – Le rêve évanoui" (1964) ;

paragraph: BULLET::::3. : "Bonaparte en Égypte – Le rêve inassouvi" (La guilde du livre 1966, Lausanne ; Perrin, 1978) ;

paragraph: BULLET::::4. : "Lyautey l'Africain ou Le rêve immolé" (1966) ;

paragraph: BULLET::::5. : "L'empereur Julien – Le rêve calciné" (1969) ;

paragraph: BULLET::::6. : "Alexandre le Grand – Le rêve dépassé" (1976). Également Ed. Clairefontaine et La guilde du livre Lausanne, 1964 ;

paragraph: BULLET::::7. : "Frédéric de Hohenstaufen – Le rêve excommunié" (1980), existe aussi en collection de poche depuis 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Loup et le Léopard" :

paragraph: BULLET::::1. : "Mustapha Kemal – La mort d’un Empire" (1954) ;

paragraph: BULLET::::2. : "Ibn Séoud – La naissance d’un Royaume" (1955) ;

paragraph: BULLET::::3. : "Le Roi Saud, ou l'Orient à l'heure des relèves" (1960).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Soixante jours qui ébranlèrent l'occident" (1956) :

paragraph: BULLET::::1. :" La Bataille du Nord - 10 mai-4 juin 1940" ;

paragraph: BULLET::::2. :" La Bataille de France - 4 juin 1940- 25 juin 1940" ;

paragraph: BULLET::::3. :" La Fin du Régime - 26 juin 1940 - 10 juillet 1940".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Un printemps arabe" (1959).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deux étés africains" (1972).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "À destins rompus" (1974).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fayçal, roi d'Arabie" (1975).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'Homme et ses jardins – Les métamorphoses du paradis terrestre" (1975).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Musique et l'immortalité dans l'œuvre de Marcel Proust" (1977).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Turquie se Dévoile 1908-1938" (1980).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De la défaite au désastre" (1984-1985, posthume).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "À l'épreuve du temps" (1989-1993, posthume) (Nouvelle édition revisité en 1 seul tome paru en mai 2011 chez Perrin).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Histoire des Alaouites" (1994, posthume).

description: French far right politician and writer

wikidata_label: Jacques Benoist-Méchin

wikipedia_title: Jacques Benoist-Méchin


href: hepatitis cirrhosis Isfahan

text: hepatitis cirrhosis Isfahan

categories: People from Isfahan,Iranian male poets,20th-century Iranian poets,Deaths from cirrhosis,2009 deaths,1936 births,20th-century male writers,Iranian poets,Iranian critics

paragraph: Mohammad Hoqouqi

paragraph: Mohammad Hoghooghi (; May 3, 1937 – June 29, 2009) was an Iranian poet and critic.

paragraph: Of the more than 30 books he has published, "Modern Poetry, from Beginning until Today" is considered one of the leading encyclopedic sources on modern Iranian poetry.

paragraph: Hoghooghi suffered from cardiac and renal issues for several years prior to his death. His suffered from hepatitis which led to cirrhosis. He died on June 29, 2009 in Isfahan, his hometown.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Angles and Orbits"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Winter Seasons"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Orientals"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Inevitable Escapade"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "With Night"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "With Wound and Wolf"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Cock with Thousand Wings"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Night"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Remain O Night and From Heart to the Delta"

description: Iranian writer

wikidata_label: Mohammad Hoqouqi

wikipedia_title: Mohammad Hoqouqi