text: FAIA

text: Germany

text: University of Heidelberg

text: École Centrale Paris

text: St. Louis

text: Atlantic and Pacific Railroad

text: Julius Pitzman

text: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

text: 1904 World's Fair

text: Baton Rouge

text: Louisiana State University

text: Bellefontaine Cemetery

text: St. Louis Walk of Fame

text: Lewis and Clark Community College

text: Godfrey, Illinois

text: private place

text: St. Louis Union Station

text: Carcassonne

text: Second Presbyterian Church

text: Decatur, Illinois

text: Mississippi State Capitol

text: Jackson, Mississippi

text: 1904 World's Fair

text: Washington and Lee University

text: Louis Sullivan

text: Louisiana State University

text: Memorial Tower

text: online photo and biography

categories: American architects,Heidelberg University alumni,Architects from St. Louis,Fellows of the American Institute of Architects,1850 births,Place of birth missing,1923 deaths,German emigrants to the United States

paragraph: Theodore Link

paragraph: Theodore C. Link, FAIA, (March 17, 1850 - November 12, 1923) was a German-born American architect.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Theodore C. Link was born on March 17, 1850 in Germany. He was trained in engineering at the University of Heidelberg and the École Centrale Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Link emigrated to the United States, arriving in St. Louis in 1873 to work for the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad company. In 1875, St. Louis Surveyor Julius Pitzman recommended him to the job of superintendent of public parks for St. Louis, and after a four-year interim as a German-language newspaper publisher in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Link returned to St. Louis as one of the architects for the 1904 World's Fair. He also "designed most of the buildings for LSU when the campus was relocated in the 1920s."

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Link died in Baton Rouge while working on the new Louisiana State University campus, and was interred at Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis. In 1995 was awarded a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Among the 100+ buildings he designed:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1842 Monticello Seminary (now Lewis and Clark Community College), Godfrey, Illinois

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1891 gates and several houses for two of St. Louis's private places, Westmoreland Place and Portland Place

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1894 St. Louis Union Station, modeled on the fortifications of Carcassonne, with architect Edward Cameron

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1899 Second Presbyterian Church, 4501 Westminster Place, St. Louis

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1901 St. John’s United Methodist Church, 5000 Washington Place

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1901 Wabash Railroad Station and Railway Express Agency, 780 East Cerro Gordo Street, Decatur, Illinois

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1902 Wabash Railroad Station, Danville, Illinois

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1903 Mississippi State Capitol, Jackson, Mississippi

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1904 Palace of Mines and Metallurgy at the 1904 World's Fair (razed)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1904 Reid Hall and campus master plan for Washington and Lee University

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1910 Roberts Shoe (International Shoe) Company Building, St. Louis, with ornament influenced by Louis Sullivan

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919-1923, master plan and nine buildings for the Louisiana State University, including the Memorial Tower, with Wilbur Tyson Trueblood

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- online photo and biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louisiana State University Architectural Drawings by Theodore Link, Louisiana Digital Library, Baton Rouge, La. http://cdm16313.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/search/collection/TLD

description: American architect

wikidata_label: Theodore Link

wikipedia_title: Theodore Link


text:
Viscount of Narbonne
condottiero
Charles I of Anjou
Sicilian crown
Pope Clement IV
Guiraut Riquier
Guelph
Ghibellines
Arezzo
Battle of Campaldino
Florence
Charles II of Naples
Jordan IV of L'Isle-Jourdain
Tuscany
Amerigo Vespucci
Americas
Giovanni Villani

categories: Condottieri,Viscounts of Narbonne,1298 deaths,13th-century French people,1230s births,Generals of former Italian states

paragraph: Aimery IV of Narbonne

paragraph: Aimery IV (or Aimeric IV) () (c. 1230 – October 1298) was the Viscount of Narbonne, an Italian "condottiero" and captain. Aimery first entered Italy in the service of Charles I of Anjou, who had been granted the Sicilian crown by Pope Clement IV in 1265. Guiraut Riquier, last of the Occitan troubadours, was employed by Aimery.

paragraph: By 1289, Aimery had so distinguished himself that he was put in command of the Guelph troops massed to attack the Ghibellines of Arezzo. During that campaign, the two armies met at the Battle of Campaldino and Aimery won the victory on which his reputation rests. He conquered most of the Aretine countryside, taking many castles by storm, from to the gates of Arezzo itself. This, however, he failed to take by siege, as the Aretines made several valiant sorties which successfully destroyed his siege engines. The campaign was nevertheless a success and Aimery was received triumphantly upon his return to Florence, where he was the representative of Charles II of Naples.

paragraph: Aimery married Joanna, daughter of Jordan IV of L'Isle-Jourdain. The Italian form of his name became popular in Tuscany for centuries after his success at Campaldino and it was via a Tuscan named Amerigo Vespucci that two continents—the Americas—received their names. Giovanni Villani, the Florentine chronicler, calls him "Nerbona" throughout his account.

description: Viscount of Narbonne

wikidata_label: Aimery IV of Narbonne

wikipedia_title: Aimery IV of Narbonne


text:
Italian
Roman law
Catania
Padua
Pisa
Filippo Serafini
Accademia dei Lincei
Istituto Veneto
senator for life

categories: Italian jurists,20th-century jurists,Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy,1855 births,1934 deaths,19th-century jurists

paragraph: Biagio Brugi

paragraph: Biagio Brugi (1855 – 1934) was an Italian jurist. He taught Roman law at Catania (1882), Padua (1885) and Pisa (1918–30). He was a student of Filippo Serafini.

paragraph: His works underline the relevance of Roman law for contemporary jurisprudence. His influential 1891 textbook "Introduzione enciclopedica alle scienze giuridiche e sociali nel sistema della giurisprudenza" emphasised the importance of research in the political and social sciences for the study of law.

paragraph: Brugi was a member of the Accademia dei Lincei, the Istituto Veneto and of several foreign academies, as well as government commissions. 1928 he was made a senator for life.

description: Italian jurist

wikidata_label: Biagio Brugi

wikipedia_title: Biagio Brugi


text:
Marianus II of Logudoro
William I of Cagliari
Barisone III
Judge of Logudoro
Judge of Gallura
Gallura
Pisa
Lamberto Visconti
Ubaldo II
Pope Honorius III
Giudicato of Gallura
Pope Gregory IX
Massa
Corsica
Ardara
Camaldolese
S. Trinità di Saccargia
Monte Acuto
bishop of Ampurias
Pisan archdiocese
Silki
John Visconti
Peter II of Arborea
Guelfo dei Porcari
Doria
Genoa
Emperor Frederick II
Enzo
Kingdom of Sardinia
Cremona
Guelphs
Goceano
Malaspina
Spinola
Giudicato of Arborea
Sassari
podestà
Rome
Enzio of Sardinia
Giudicato of Logudoro
Marianus II of Logudoro

categories: 13th-century women rulers,1207 births,13th-century Italian people,Judges (judikes) of Logudoro,Judges (judikes) of Gallura,1259 deaths

paragraph: Adelasia of Torres

paragraph: Adelasia (1207–1259), eldest child of Marianus II of Logudoro by Agnes of Massa, daughter of William I of Cagliari, and successor of her brother, Barisone III, in 1236, was the Judge of Logudoro from 1236 and Judge of Gallura from 1238.

paragraph: By a pact signed between her father, who had interests in Gallura, and Gallurese judge, the Pisan Lamberto Visconti in November 1218, Adelasia first married the heir of Gallura, Lamberto's son Ubaldo II in 1219. Pope Honorius III, enemy of the Pisans, immediately sent his chaplain Bartolomeo to annul the marriage, but he failed and the pact between Pisa and Logudoro stood.

paragraph: Ubaldo inherited the Giudicato of Gallura in 1225. Marianus died in 1232 and, by his will, was succeeded by his son Barisone III. Upon Barisone's death (1236) without heirs, also as stipulated by Marianus' will, the Logudorese magnates elected one of his daughters, Adelasia or Benedetta, to inherit. They unanimously acclaimed Adelasia, whose husband could well uphold her right. So they in turn elected him judge as well. In 1237, Pope Gregory IX sent his chaplain Alexander to Torres to receive recognition from Adelasia of papal suzerainty over Logudoro, as well as the lands she inherited from her grandfather William of Cagliari, in Pisa, Massa, and Corsica. At the palace of Ardara, in the presence of the Camaldolese abbot and monks of S. Trinità di Saccargia, she made the oath of vassalage and Ubaldo affirmed it, giving over the castle of Monte Acuto to the bishop of Ampurias as a guarantee of his good faith. Ubaldo did not, however, recognise any authority over Gallura other than the ancient authority of the Pisan archdiocese.

paragraph: By Ubaldo's will, drawn up in January 1237 at Silki, Gallura was to be inherited by his cousin John Visconti. Peter II of Arborea became Adelasia's protector. She remarried quickly to Guelfo dei Porcari, a person devoted to the Holy See. He did not live long after, though. At that time, the Doria family of Genoa, Pisa's main rival, convinced the Emperor Frederick II to marry his bastard son Enzo to Adelasia and create a Kingdom of Sardinia. Enzo arrived from Cremona in October the same year as Ubaldo's death and the two were married and titled King and Queen of Sardinia. Enzo left for the peninsula in July 1239 and never returned, being taken prisoner by the Guelphs, an imprisonment which was to prove lifelong. In 1245 or 1246, the marriage was annulled.

paragraph: After this date, Adelasia, saddened and tired of active government and retired to her castle of Goceano. She died in 1259, without heirs, and her territory was divided amongst the Doria, Malaspina, and Spinola families, who all held it from Genoa. The neighbourging Giudicato of Arborea succeeded in taking some land. Sassari expelled its Pisan governor with the support of the Doria, refortified its defences, and adopted a republican model of government in alliance with Genoa, which sent an annual "podestà".

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Costa, Enrico, "Adelasia di Torres", Ilisso, Nuoro 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ferrabino, Aldo (ed). "Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: I Aaron – Albertucci". Rome, 1960.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Enzio of Sardinia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giudicato of Logudoro

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marianus II of Logudoro

description: Judge of Logudoro-Torres

wikidata_label: Adelasia of Torres

wikipedia_title: Adelasia of Torres


text: Colombian

text: Perucho Figueredo

text: freedom fighter

text: La Bayamesa

text: national anthem

text: National University of Colombia

text: Luis López de Mesa

text: José Vasconcelos

text: León de Greiff

text: José Juan Tablada

text: haiku

text: El Tiempo

text: Carlos Pellicer

text: Jesuit

text: Conservative Party's

text: Minister of Education

text: Caro and Cuervo Institute

text: Colombian National Museum

text: Luis López de Mesa

text: Columbia University

text: U.S. State Department

text: Gustavo Rojas Pinilla

text: Rafael Trujillo

text: vice consul

text: Holy See

text: Ana Milena Muñoz de Gaviria

text: Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

text: Maria Moors Cabot Prize

text: Alfonso Reyes International Prize

text: Academia Mexicana de la Lengua

text: Doctor Honoris Causa

text: New York Times: Obituary

text: The Guardian: Obituary

text: Germán Arciniégas

categories: Free University of Colombia faculty,1999 deaths,1900 births,Colombian historians,Maria Moors Cabot Prize winners,20th-century historians,Colombian male writers

paragraph: Germán Arciniegas

paragraph: Germán Arciniegas Angueyra (December 6, 1900 - November 30, 1999) was a Colombian historian, author and journalist who was known for his advocacy of educational and cultural issues, as well as his outspoken opposition to dictatorship. He also served as a college professor and held positions in the government, including Minister of Education and several ambassadorships.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Arciniegas was the son of Rafael Arciniegas Tavera, a farmer, and his wife Aurora Angueyra Figueredo. He had three brothers and four sisters. His father died young, leaving his mother struggling to support the family. His maternal great-grandfather was Perucho Figueredo, an early Cuban freedom fighter who wrote La Bayamesa, Cuba's national anthem. Both of Perucho's daughters fled the country when he was executed. Luz, the younger daughter, was married to a Cuban engineer who went to Colombia to help build a railroad line. It was there, amid the dangers of the jungle, that Germán's mother was born.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: At the age of eighteen, he began studying law at the National University of Colombia. At that time he had already created two journals: "Año Quinto" (1916) and "Voz de la Juventud" (1917). While a student he founded and managed the magazine "Universidad" (1921). He collaborated with many well-known figures at all three periodicals, including Luis López de Mesa, José Vasconcelos, León de Greiff and José Juan Tablada, who introduced the haiku into Spanish literature via "Universidad". His love of journalism led him to establish and manage numerous cultural magazines throughout his life. In 1928, he joined El Tiempo, a daily newspaper in Bogotá, where he managed the editorial section, put together the Sunday Literary Supplement and wrote a weekly column, becoming the general manager in 1937. He would continue to contribute articles and opinion pieces to El Tiempo for the rest of his life, speaking out against drug trafficking, Marxist guerrillas and restrictive immigration policies.

paragraph: With the assistance of Carlos Pellicer, he established the Federation of Colombian Students. The group opposed Jesuit influence in the nation's universities and held student carnivals which verged on riots. He narrowly missed being killed when a bullet grazed his head at one student rally. Their activism eventually helped to end the Conservative Party's grip on the government and, in 1933, led to the passage of university reforms, which gave students the right to elect their own rectors and have a representative in the legislature to act as their advocate; a position Arciniegas held for a time. For him, students were the axis around which all political and intellectual movements had turned throughout history. This gave rise to his first book "El Estudiante de la Mesa Redonda" (The Student of the Round Table, 1932), in which he speaks of history as a "tavern" with the students sitting at a single table, drinking, recounting their deeds and laughing at everybody else.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: He continued his fight for students' rights during his brief tenures as Minister of Education in 1942 and 1945-46. During this time, he founded the Caro and Cuervo Institute and moved the Colombian National Museum to its current home in a former prison building.

paragraph: During World War II, he supported giving aid and asylum to refugees. This was in opposition to Luis López de Mesa, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, who prohibited the entry of Jews into Colombia. Due to this resurgence of Conservative ideology in the 1940s, Arciniegas felt that he and his family were in danger and moved to the United States, taking advantage of an offer to teach at Columbia University. He lived in New York for ten years (1947–57). At this time, he wrote his most important and most often banned book, "Entre la Libertad y el Miedo" (Between Freedom and Fear, 1952). The work analyzes a critical period in Latin-America, when seven dictators were in power at the same time. He also criticized the U.S. State Department for its conciliatory behavior towards these regimes and, as a result, was detained for questioning several times after returning from trips abroad.

paragraph: The publication and translation of the book was prohibited in at least ten countries. General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, the President of Colombia, accused Arciniegas of being a Communist and ordered all of his books to be burnt. Rafael Trujillo, the dictator of the Dominican Republic, put Arciniegas on his hit list.

paragraph: In terms of culture, Arciniegas strove to achieve and maintain a synthesis between the indigenous and the European. This approach was the driving force behind all of his diplomatic and political activities. He served as vice consul in London (1929), chancellor at the Colombian embassy in Argentina (1940) and as Ambassador to Italy (1959), Israel (1962), Venezuela (1966) and the Holy See (1976). In all of these positions, he acted as an advocate for the art and culture of America, which he perceived as extending from Alaska to Patagonia.

paragraph: In 1992, he was appointed President of the "National Commission for the Celebration of the Five-Hundredeth Anniversary of the Discovery of America". He was summarily dismissed by then First-Lady Ana Milena Muñoz de Gaviria, who took over the commission herself; an action that generated much controversy.

paragraph: Section::::Honors and awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria Moors Cabot Prize (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alfonso Reyes International Prize (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary member of the Academia Mexicana de la Lengua (1949).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doctor Honoris Causa at the Faculty of Humanities and Education of the Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña (UNPHU, 1984).

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.:English.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Knight of El Dorado: The Tale of Don Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada and His Conquest of New Granada", translated by Mildred Adams, Viking Press (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Germans in the Conquest of America: A Sixteenth-Century Venture", translated by Ángel Flores, Macmillan (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The State of Latin-America: Twenty Nations Between Freedom and Fear", translated by Harriet de Onís, Knopf (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Latin-America: A Cultural History", translated by Joan MacLean, Knopf (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amerigo and the New World : The Life & Times of Amerigo Vespucci", translated by Harriet de Onís, Octagon (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "America in Europe: A History of the New World in Reverse", translated by Gabriela Arciniegas and Victoria Arana, Harcourt (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Caribbean: Sea of the New World", translated by Harriet de Onís, Markus Wiener (2003)

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.:Spanish.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El Estudiante de la Mesa Redonda", Ercilla (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los Comuneros", Editorial ABC (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Este Pueblo de América", Fondo de Cultura Economica (1945)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "América Mágica. Los Hombres y los Meses", Sudamericana (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "América Mágica. Las Mujeres y las Horas", Sudamericana (1961)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New York Times: Obituary

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Guardian: Obituary

paragraph: BULLET::::- Universidad de Los Andes: El Legado de Germán Arciniegas

paragraph: BULLET::::- El Tiempo Archive: Articles by and about Germán Arciniegas

paragraph: BULLET::::- Germán Arciniégas recorded at the Library of Congress for the Hispanic Division's audio literary archive on April 23, 1974

alias:
Germán Arciniegas Angueyra
German Arciniegas
German Arciniegas Angueyra

description: Colombian essayist and historian

wikidata_label: Germán Arciniegas

wikipedia_title: Germán Arciniegas


text:
Morocco
Morocco
Ma al-'Aynayn
Sahara
caid
Tindouf
Hassan I
Ma al-'Aynayn
Tiznit
Treaty of Fez
Ma al-'Aynayn
Tiznit
Taroudannt
Agadir
Draa
Glaoua family
Marrakech
Battle of Sidi Bou Othman
Marrakech
Charles Mangin
Glaoua family
Sous
Anti-Atlas
Merebbi Rebbu

categories: Moroccan Sunni Muslims,1875 births,1919 deaths,20th-century Moroccan people,Pretenders to the throne of Morocco,19th-century Moroccan people,Place of birth missing,Moroccan politicians

paragraph: Ahmed al-Hiba

paragraph: Ahmed al-Hiba (Also known as The Blue sultan) (1876 – 23 June 1919), was a leader of an armed resistance to the French colonial power in southern Morocco, and pretender to the sultanate of Morocco. In English texts he is usually named simply "El Hiba".

paragraph: He was the son of Ma al-'Aynayn, a religious leader of the Sahara. His father was appointed caid of Tindouf in 1887, by the Moroccan sultan Hassan I. Ma al-'Aynayn led an armed uprising against the French in the first decade of the twentieth century, and died in 1910 in Tiznit. Shortly after his death, in 1912 the French imposed the Treaty of Fez on the Moroccans and took virtual control of the country. Ma al-'Aynayn's son al-Hiba then decided that this effectively vacated the position of Sultan of Morocco, and proclaimed himself Sultan at Tiznit (Morocco) as his father had done before him.

paragraph: A general uprising in the south of Morocco saw al-Hiba recognized as Sultan in Taroudannt, Agadir and the Dades and Draa regions. He gained a powerful ally in Si Madani, head of the Glaoua family. With his tribal army he entered Marrakech on 18 August 1912 and was proclaimed Sultan there also.

paragraph: The decisive Battle of Sidi Bou Othman with the French took place near Marrakech on 6 September 1912. al-Hiba's forces were defeated by the French commanded by Charles Mangin, with the loss of some 2000 tribal warriors. In January 1913, the Glaoua family, now allied with the French, drove al-Hiba back to the Sous.

paragraph: al-Hiba did not give up the struggle and continued to harass the French in his own area until his death on 23 June 1919 in Kerdous Anti-Atlas. Since then his struggle was carried on by his brother Merebbi Rebbu.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: José Ramón Diego Aguirre, "El Oscuro Pasado del Desierto. Approximación a la Historia del Sáhara." Casa de África, Madrid, 2004. .

description: Pretender to the throne of Morocco

wikidata_label: Ahmed al-Hiba

wikipedia_title: Ahmed al-Hiba


text:
Taunton
Somerset
English
English Literature
Durham University
Van Mildert College
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
West End
Royal National Theatre
Royal National Theatre
<"The Merchant of Venice
West Yorkshire Playhouse
Hamlet
Bristol Old Vic
Lead Balloon
Screenplay
The Beggar Bride
Covington Cross
Midsomer Murders
Cadfael
Lewis
She's Out
Demob
The Storyteller
Victoria Wood
The Line of Beauty
Forever Green
The Good Guys
The Bill
Casualty
Plotlands
Heartbeat
Performance
Holding the Baby
Taggart
The Inspector Lynley Mysteries
Agatha Christie's Poirot
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Jinnah
police officer
Lost Souls
Channel 4
civil partnership
The Bank Job
MI5
The House of Eliott
BBC
The Shadow Line
Hunted
BBC One
HBO
The BBC
Silent Witness
Heartbeat.
Gillette
Ferrero Rocher
Mercedes
Film4
Somerset

categories: English male voice actors,20th-century English male actors,English male television actors,Alumni of Van Mildert College, Durham,Actors from Somerset,English male film actors,Alumni of Durham University,1962 births,21st-century English male actors,Living people,People from Taunton

paragraph: Richard Lintern

paragraph: Richard Charles Lintern (born 8 October 1962 in Taunton, Somerset) is an English stage, voice and screen actor.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Lintern studied English Literature at Durham University as a member of Van Mildert College, graduating with a degree in 1984. He subsequently won a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Lintern has an extensive stage career, spending most professional time in the West End and the Royal National Theatre.

paragraph: He has appeared across the UK, including roles at the Royal National Theatre, the Royal Shakespeare Company, the Royal Court Theatre <"The Merchant of Venice" at the West Yorkshire Playhouse and "Hamlet" at the Bristol Old Vic. As well as many TV shows, including "Lead Balloon", "Screenplay", "The Beggar Bride", "Covington Cross", "Midsomer Murders", "Cadfael", "Lewis", "She's Out", "Demob", "The Storyteller", "Victoria Wood", "The Line of Beauty", "Forever Green", "The Good Guys", "The Bill", "Casualty", "Plotlands", "Heartbeat", "Performance", "Holding the Baby", "Bloodlines", which is loosely based on the life and disappearance of Lord Lucan., "Taggart", "The Inspector Lynley Mysteries" and "Agatha Christie's Poirot".

paragraph: Lintern played a young Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the 1998 film "Jinnah", and an American police officer in the 1998 film "Lost Souls". He also starred in the 2007 gay drama film by Channel 4 "Clapham Junction", where he played Will, who is entering a civil partnership. He was also in "The Bank Job" in 2008 playing an MI5 officer ordered to retrieve the embarrassing proceeds of a bank robbery in 1970s London. Other films include "Syriana", "Page Eight", "Malaventura", and "The Calling". Lintern also appeared in the third series of the television drama, "The House of Eliott". In 2011 he appeared in the BBC series "The Shadow Line", and in 2012 in "Hunted" for BBC One and HBO. He played Hector Stokes. He played Thomas Chamberlain, the head of the Lyell Centre in The BBC series "Silent Witness".

paragraph: Lintern has played two different characters in "Heartbeat." The first was in the episode "Love's Sweet Dream," in which he played Ray Richards, a violent and abusive husband. He was later cast as Ben Norton, estate manager to Lord Ashfordly, who marries the village doctor.

paragraph: Richard Lintern is also a voice-over artist, having voiced commercials for Gillette, Ferrero Rocher, Mercedes and Film4. He is the narrator of a number of documentary series including the BAFTA-winning "Between Life and Death".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Lintern is married and has three sons. The family lives in London and Somerset.

description: British actor

wikidata_label: Richard Lintern

wikipedia_title: Richard Lintern


text: Eastern Han dynasty

text: Xuchang

text: Henan

text: naming taboo

text: Cao Pi

text: Cao Wei

text: Eastern Han dynasty

text: Emperor Xian

text: Cao Cao

text: Imperial Chancellor

text: vassal

text: Xuchang

text: Henan

text: Jin Yi

text: courtesy name

text: Wang Bi

text: Liu Bei

text: Guan Yu

text: Battle of Fancheng

text: Cao Ren

text: Ye

text: Handan

text: Hebei

text: Romance of the Three Kingdoms

text: Three Kingdoms

text: courtesy name

text: Dong Cheng

text: Liu Bei

text: Cao Cao

text: Emperor Xian

text: Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

text: Chen, Shou

text: Records of the Three Kingdoms

text: Luo, Guanzhong

text: Romance of the Three Kingdoms

text: Pei, Songzhi

categories: Executed Han dynasty people,People from Xianyang,Cao Cao and associates,3rd-century physicians,218 deaths,Ancient Chinese physicians,Year of birth unknown,Executed people from Shaanxi,People executed by the Han dynasty

paragraph: Ji Ben

paragraph: Ji Ben (died 218) was an imperial physician who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. In 218, he started a rebellion with several others in the imperial capital, Xu (許; present-day Xuchang, Henan), but the revolt was suppressed and the conspirators were captured and executed.

paragraph: Section::::Error in name.

paragraph: Ji Ben's given name was actually "Pi" (). His name is believed to have been erroneously recorded as "Ben" () in historical texts to avoid naming taboo, because "Pi" was the personal name of Cao Pi, the first ruler of the Cao Wei state. Besides, the Chinese character for "Pi" might have actually been 㔻 instead of 丕. There were instances where 㔻 had been mistakenly written as 丕.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Ji Ben served as a Court Physician (太醫令) in the imperial court of the Eastern Han dynasty during the reign of Emperor Xian (). Around the time, the Han central government had fallen under the control of Cao Cao, the Imperial Chancellor. Emperor Xian was merely a figurehead ruler. In 216, Emperor Xian granted Cao Cao the title of a vassal king – King of Wei (魏王) – and allowed him to establish a vassal kingdom in northern China which was still nominally under the Han administration.

paragraph: In late 217 or early 218, Ji Ben plotted a rebellion in the imperial capital, Xu (許; present-day Xuchang, Henan), together with several others, including: Geng Ji (耿紀), a Minister Steward (少府); Wei Huang (韋晃), a Director of Justice (司直); Jin Yi; his sons Ji Miao (吉邈; courtesy name Wenran (文然)) and Ji Mu (吉穆; courtesy name Siran (思然)). Their plan was to kill Wang Bi (王必), a Chief Clerk (長史) serving under Cao Cao, after which they would take Emperor Xian hostage, attack Cao Cao's vassal kingdom, and render assistance to Cao's rival Liu Bei, a warlord who controlled parts of southern and western China. Around the time, Liu Bei's general Guan Yu was achieving success at the Battle of Fancheng against Cao Cao's general Cao Ren, while Cao Cao himself was away in Ye (in present-day Handan, Hebei) and had left Wang Bi in charge of Xu.

paragraph: Ji Miao led the Ji family's retainers and other supporters, numbering about 1,000 people, to attack Wang Bi's camp at night and set fire to the gate. Jin Yi was very trusted by Wang Bi, so he used the opportunity to plant spies in Wang's camp before the revolt started. Wang Bi was injured in the arm by an arrow during the attack. As he was unaware of the true identities of the rebels, he escaped from the camp and sought shelter in Jin Yi's house, not knowing that Jin was actually one of the conspirators. Jin Yi's servants did not recognise Wang Bi and thought that he was Ji Miao, so they replied, "Is Chief Clerk Wang dead? Your plan has succeeded!" Wang Bi then left and headed to the south of Xu. With assistance from Yan Kuang (嚴匡), an Agriculture General of the Household (典農中郎將), Wang Bi succeeded in suppressing the revolt when he led troops back to his camp to attack the rebels and defeated them. Ji Ben and the conspirators were all captured and executed for treason. Wang Bi died from his wounds several days later.

paragraph: Section::::In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

paragraph: Ji Ben is a minor character in Chapter 23 of the 14th-century historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", which romanticises the events before and during the Three Kingdoms period. In the novel, Ji Ben is renamed Ji Tai (吉太) with the courtesy name Ping (平), hence he is referred to as Ji Ping (吉平). He serves as a physician in the Han imperial court. Around 199, Ji Ping gets involved in a plot masterminded by Dong Cheng, Liu Bei and others to assassinate Cao Cao. They have the tacit support of Emperor Xian, who had issued a secret imperial decree written in blood to Dong Cheng ordering him to get rid of Cao Cao. Cao Cao experiences chronic headaches and requires constant medical treatment, so Ji Ping thinks of adding poison to Cao Cao's medicine. However, Dong Cheng is betrayed by his servant Qin Qingtong (秦慶童), who reports his master's plan to Cao Cao. Ji Ping is arrested when he comes to serve medicine to Cao Cao and then severely tortured to force him to confess. Cao Cao even orders Ji Ping to be tortured in the presence of Dong Cheng and the others (excluding Liu Bei, who had already left the capital), who eventually admit to their roles in the assassination plot. Cao Cao has all of them arrested and executed along with their families.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chen, Shou (3rd century). "Records of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luo, Guanzhong (14th century). "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguo Yanyi").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). "Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi zhu").

description: Han dynasty physician

wikidata_label: Ji Ben

wikipedia_title: Ji Ben


text:
Saud bin Faisal
Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
Emirate of Nejd

paragraph: Saud Al Kabeer bin Abdulaziz bin Saud bin Faisal Al Saud

paragraph: Saud bin Abdulaziz bin Saud bin Faisal Al Saud was a grandson of the Amir Saud bin Faisal. He was called Al Kabeer (The Grand), because he was elder than king Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Prince saud is the eldest son of abdulaziz son of imam saud son of imam faisal son of imam turki son of Prince Abdullah son of imam mohammed bin saud

paragraph: One of the most prominent figures and knights of AL-SAUD family, a pillar of our great nation. He was a knight a poet born in 1299AH-1883AD

paragraph: He played a vital role in uniting the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, fought side by side with king abdulaziz in many battles and lead the armies to reclaim many lands

paragraph: He helped reclaim hail, Jeddah and sablah. He also played a pivotal role in the battles of alqaseem region. And he lead the Saudi army to reclaim the west coast of the Arabian peninsula including rabigh, yanbu and medina.

paragraph: He is king abdulaziz cousin and was married to princess norah, king abdulaziz sister. And later on after her death, married king abdulaziz daughter hessa.

paragraph: King abdulaziz would rely on prince saud the great to dispute tribal issues. Because he was respected and loved by the people, and also due to his the vast knoeledge of religion

paragraph: He was named the great because he was older than king saud son of abdulaziz and also due to his high stature. He died in the year 1379AH-1959AD, 6 years after the death of king abdulaziz. Rest the souls.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emirate of Nejd

description: Saudi royal

wikidata_label: Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud


text: British

text: peer

text: United States citizen

text: Viscount Exmouth

text: Canterbury

text: George Pellew

text: Dean of Norwich

text: Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth

text: American War of Independence

text: Napoleonic Wars

text: Viscount Sidmouth

text: Eton College

text: Trinity College, Cambridge

text: Cambridge University

text: Blue

text: University Boat Club

text: Oxford

text: the Boat Race

text: Keble College, Oxford

text: Middlesex

text: John Jay

text: Van Cortlandt family

text: Livingston family

text: Schuyler family

text: The Times

text: Theodore Roosevelt

text: Washington National Cathedral

text: Edward Pellew, 5th Viscount Exmouth

text: Viscount Exmouth

text: baronetcy

text: U.S. Constitution

text: British Embassy in Washington

text: Charles Pellew

text: Columbia University

categories: People educated at Eton College,Viscounts Exmouth,Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge,English emigrants to the United States,1828 births,People from New York City,1923 deaths

paragraph: Henry Pellew, 6th Viscount Exmouth

paragraph: Henry Edward Pellew, 6th Viscount Exmouth (26 April 1828 – 4 February 1923) was a British peer and a naturalised United States citizen who inherited the title of Viscount Exmouth at the age of 94 from a cousin, and held the title for less than a year before his own death. Although born and educated in England, he moved to America in 1873 shortly after his second marriage and lived there for the rest of his life, carrying out charitable works.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Henry Pellew was born on 26 April 1828 in Canterbury, Kent, England. His father, George Pellew, who was Dean of Norwich, was the third son of Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, a British admiral who saw action in the American War of Independence and the Napoleonic Wars. Henry was his only son. His mother was Frances Addington, a daughter of Viscount Sidmouth.

paragraph: Pellew was educated at Eton College, before studying at Trinity College, Cambridge, obtaining a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1850. Whilst at Cambridge University, he won his "Blue" by rowing for the University Boat Club against Oxford in the Boat Race in 1849. He was one of the founders of Keble College, Oxford and served on the Council of the college from its foundation in 1870 until 1873. He was also a magistrate for the county of Middlesex, serving on the boards of various charities, hospitals and schools in and around London.

paragraph: He married, on 5 October 1858 in Bedford, New York, Eliza Jay, the daughter of a judge from New York and a descendant of John Jay, the Van Cortlandt family, the Livingston family, and the Schuyler family. She died in 1869 in England. They had three children: George who died in 1892; Charles, his eventual heir; and Violet an infant who died in 1870. On 14 May 1873 in Vienna, he married her youngest sister, Augusta Jay, a marriage that was not recognized as valid at that time in English law. In the same year (possibly because of this, suggested his obituary in "The Times") he moved to New York City, and later to Washington, D.C. He became a naturalised citizen of the United States on September 25, 1877. One daughter, Marion, was born to this marriage.

paragraph: Pellew carried on working for various good causes in America, as he had in England, even after his ninetieth birthday. He helped to organise the Bureau of Charities in New York, working with the future President Theodore Roosevelt. He helped to set up coffee houses for poor people, a free lending library, and night shelters, as well as helping improve housing conditions. He was President of the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor and of the St George Society, an Anglo-American group in New York; he also belonged to the Society for Sanitary Reform and the School Commission. He helped with the plans for Washington National Cathedral.

paragraph: In August 1922, Edward Pellew, 5th Viscount Exmouth, a distant cousin, died without descendants and his titles (Viscount Exmouth and two other titles earlier created for the 1st Viscount, namely Baron Exmouth and a baronetcy) passed to Pellew as the closest male relative. He attempted to renounce the peerage (the U.S. Constitution prohibits any "person holding any office of profit or trust under them" from "without the consent of the Congress, accept[ing] any . . . title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state.") in favour of his son Charles Pellew, but was told by the British Embassy in Washington that this was not possible. In any event, he preferred to remain known as "Mr Henry Edward Pellew" rather than use the title of Viscount.

paragraph: He died in Washington on 4 February 1923, funeral services were held at St. John's Church on 7 February 1923, and he was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C. A memorial plaque was erected in St. James Church in Christow, Devon, England. It states in part, "Kind, wise, and generous, he never forgot his duty to his neighbour, and wherever he lived, he made the community happier and better for his presence and his influence."

paragraph: He was succeeded in his titles by his son, Charles Pellew, a former professor of chemistry at Columbia University.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

description: British Viscount

wikidata_label: Henry Pellew, 6th Viscount Exmouth

wikipedia_title: Henry Pellew, 6th Viscount Exmouth


text:
16th Bt
premier viscount
Peerage of England
Stowe School
University of East Anglia
BA
degree
History of Art
Architecture
Bonhams
Auctioneer
director
18th Viscount Hereford
family
titles
Viscount Hereford
16th baronet
textile design
White's Club
London
Count of Évreux
www.burkespeerage.com
www.thepeerage.com

categories: People from London,Viscounts Hereford,People educated at Stowe School,1975 births,Alumni of the University of East Anglia,Living people,People from Warwickshire

paragraph: Robin Devereux, 19th Viscount Hereford

paragraph: Charles Robin de Bohun Devereux, 19th Viscount Hereford, 16th Bt (born 11 August 1975), is the premier viscount in the Peerage of England.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Devereux was educated at Stowe School and at the University of East Anglia where he graduated in 1998 with a BA degree in History of Art and Architecture.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Devereux joined Bonhams Auctioneers upon graduation in 1998, he is director of valuations since 2007, and UK Board Director since 2010. In 2017 Viscount Hereford was appointed Director of Private Clients for Bonhams.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Upon the death in 2004 of his father, the 18th Viscount Hereford, he succeeded to the family titles as Viscount Hereford and 16th baronet.

paragraph: Hereford married Louisa Knight, a textile designer, on 12 June 2010. Their daughter, Sophia, was born on 12 January 2013, and on 11 February 2015 their son Henry Walter de Bohun was born.

paragraph: Hereford is a member of White's Club in London.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Count of Évreux

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Notes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Who's Who" 2016

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- www.burkespeerage.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- www.thepeerage.com

description: English Peer

wikidata_label: Robin Devereux, 19th Viscount Hereford

wikipedia_title: Robin Devereux, 19th Viscount Hereford


text:
Union Army
United States
Medal of Honor
American Civil War
Wales
Cambria County, Pennsylvania
Confederate
Piedmont, Virginia
James Snedden
Pennsylvania
Cambria County
Wales
45th Virginia
C.S.A.

categories: 1866 deaths,1824 births,Welsh-born Medal of Honor recipients,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,Union Army soldiers,American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor,Welsh emigrants to the United States

paragraph: Thomas Evans (Medal of Honor)

paragraph: Thomas Evans (1824–1866), was a soldier in the Union Army who received the United States military's highest award for valor, the Medal of Honor, for his actions during the American Civil War.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Evans was born in Wales in 1824. He joined the Army from Cambria County, Pennsylvania in February 1864, and was mustered out in May 1865. On June 5, 1864, his unit engaged a Confederate force at Piedmont, Virginia where he and a fellow soldier, Pvt. James Snedden of Company E, both earned the Medal of Honor.

paragraph: In his report, the 54th Pennsylvania's commander, Colonel J. M. Campbell wrote:

paragraph: Lieut. R.P. Robison of Company B captured Colonel Browne, who commanded a Virginia brigade [sic]... Two colonels of regiments, with other field staff, and line officers, too numerous to mention were captured by different members of my regiment. Private Thomas Evans, of Company D, wrested the colors from a color bearer of a Tennessee regiment [sic], sending the color bearer to the rear. So numerous were the captures made of the enemy, that I was compelled to stop taking them to the rear, and simply disarm them and turn them out over the barricade to be taken charge of by the cavalry, who were in the open field on our right and rear.

paragraph: He died in 1866 and is buried in Bethel Cemetery Ebensburg, Pennsylvania. His name, along with others from the area, was inscribed on a bronze plaque attached to a Civil War monument. The plaque is located in Veterans Square in the town of Piedmont.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: Private, Company D, 54th Pennsylvania Infantry. Place and date: At Piedmont, Va., 5 June 1864. Entered service at: Cambria County, Pa. Birth: Wales. Date of issue: 26 November 1864.

paragraph: Citation:

paragraph: Capture of flag of 45th Virginia (C.S.A.).

description: Welsh American soldier in the Union Army, recipient of the Medal of Honor

wikidata_label: Thomas Evans

wikipedia_title: Thomas Evans (Medal of Honor)


text:
Yorkshire
Royal Society of British Artists
Society of Women Artists
Toronto
Palace of Fine Arts
World's Columbian Exposition
Art Students League of New York
George Bridgman
Birge Harrison
John F. Carlson
National Gallery of Canada
Art Gallery of Ontario
Art Gallery of Hamilton
Robert McLaughlin Gallery
Port Perry, Ontario

categories: People from Yorkshire,20th-century Canadian painters,Canadian women painters,20th-century Canadian women artists,Canadian watercolourists,19th-century Canadian painters,Canadian landscape painters,19th-century women artists,1858 births,1941 deaths

paragraph: Gertrude Spurr Cutts

paragraph: Gertrude Eleanor Spurr Cutts (1858–1941) was a Canadian artist.

paragraph: Born in Yorkshire, England, Gertrude Spurr began her career as an artist in England, exhibiting her work with the Royal Society of British Artists and the Society of Women Artists.

paragraph: In 1890, Cutts emigrated to Canada, moving to Toronto, and opened an art studio. Cutts exhibited her work at the Palace of Fine Arts at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. In 1900, she studied at the Art Students League of New York with George Bridgman, Birge Harrison, and John F. Carlson. She married William Cutts in 1909, and the couple spent three years painting in England.

paragraph: Cutts had a diverse body of work, comprising oil and watercolour paintings and pen and ink sketches; she is perhaps best known for her rural landscape paintings. She also worked as a restorer of old or damaged paintings.

paragraph: Cutts' work is included in the collections of the National Gallery of Canada, the Art Gallery of Ontario, the Art Gallery of Hamilton, and the Robert McLaughlin Gallery.

paragraph: She died in Port Perry, Ontario in 1941.

alias:
Gertrude Spurr
Gertrude Cutts

description: Canadian artist

wikidata_label: Gertrude Spurr Cutts

wikipedia_title: Gertrude Spurr Cutts


text:
Québec
Algonquin
Kitigan Zibi
Anishinaabeg
Montréal
Canadian Art
Camosun College
Emily Carr University of Art and Design
Concordia University
National Museum of American Indian
Canada's federal Indian Act of 1876
video
Banff Centre for Arts
Sobey Art Award
Eiteljorg Museum
New York Times
Le Monde
The Washington Post
Le Devoir
ARTnews
Canadian Art
Royal Canadian Academy of Arts

categories: Concordia University alumni,Canadian multimedia artists,Canadian women artists,Living people,1974 births

paragraph: Nadia Myre

paragraph: Nadia Myre (born 1974) is a contemporary visual artist from Québec and an Algonquin member of the Kitigan Zibi Anishinaabeg First Nation, who lives and works in Montréal. For over a decade, her multi-disciplinary practice has been inspired by participant involvement as well as recurring themes of identity, language, longing and loss. Of the artist, Canadian Art Magazine writes, "Nadia Myre’s work weaves together complex histories of Aboriginal identity, nationhood, memory and handicraft, using beadwork techniques to craft exquisite and laborious works."

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Myre graduated from Camosun College (1995), completing a Fine Art Associate degree. She graduated from Emily Carr University of Art and Design (1997), completing a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA). She earned her Master of Fine Arts (MFA) from Concordia University (2002).

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: She has been the subject of numerous solo exhibitions including, "Cont[r]act" at Oboro, Montréal (2002), "Skin Tissue" at the National Museum of American Indian, New York (2010), "Tout ce que reste - Scattered Remains" at Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal/The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (2018). Myre has also participated in many notable group shows including; "The American West" at Compton Verny Gallery, London, United Kingdom; "All Our Relations" for the 2012 Sydney Biennale, Cockatoo Island, Sydney, Australia; and "Social Factory" for the Shanghai Biennale, Shanghai, China.

paragraph: Section::::"Indian Act".

paragraph: Inspired by her mother's own story of reclaiming her Native Status, Myre created "Indian Act," in reference to Canada's federal Indian Act of 1876. The piece uses beadwork to recreate all 56 pages of the statute. With red beads representing the negative space of the page, and white beads representing the typed words, the piece creates a visual which Canadian Art called "immensely successful." The final work "reappropriated and denounced this artifact of colonialism." The work also has a strong collaborative element, as Myre enlisted the help of over 200 people to aid in the completion of the beadwork. Beadwork was more traditionally regarded as a women's art form, but Myre invited men, non-Aboriginal, and others to contribute. The piece was part of the 2002 exhibition "Cont[r]act." It was also featured in the book "Sakahàn: International Indigenous Art."

paragraph: Section::::The Scar Project.

paragraph: In 2004, Myre started The Scar Project. Begun as a personal exploration of her own scars, the project grew into a cooperative endeavor. She organized workshops for people to create their own scar canvases and write their personal stories. Participants are invited to sew their ‘scars’, metaphorical or literal, onto piece of 10″ square canvas and share the story of how they got hurt, by whom, and who they hurt and how. The Scar Project includes contributions by more than 1,400 people from Canada, the United States and Australia gathered over eight years.

paragraph: Section::::"Portrait in Motion".

paragraph: In this video (2002, mini DV transferred to DVD), Myre can be seen paddling a canoe on a lake. The video has been described as “elusive,

paragraph: metaphorical union of past, present, nature, culture and soul” and "appropriates the stereotype of the Indian living in harmony with nature and lets a woman emerge from the mist, in total control of her boat, of her life".

paragraph: Section::::Awards and recognition.

paragraph: Myre is a recipient of numerous awards. She is a recipient of the Banff Centre for Arts Walter Phillips Gallery Indigenous Commission Award (2016) as well as the Sobey Art Award (2014), Canada's largest award for young artists. She was also nominated for the award in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Myre is also the recipient of the Pratt & Whitney Canada’s ‘Les Elles de l’art’ for the Conseil des arts de Montréal (2011), Quebec Arts Council’s "Prix à la création artistique pour la region des Laurentides" (2009), and a Fellowship from the Eiteljorg Museum (2003).

paragraph: She has received accolades from the New York Times, Le Monde, The Washington Post, Le Devoir, and has been featured in ARTnews, American Craft Magazine, ETC, Parachute, Canadian Art, C Magazine, Monopol, and ESSE.

paragraph: In 2012, she became a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts.

description: Canadian artist

wikidata_label: Nadia Myre

wikipedia_title: Nadia Myre


text:
Scottish
Africa
copper
Katanga Province
Democratic Republic of Congo
Northern Rhodesia
Zambia
Cecil Rhodes
de Beers
diamond mine
Kimberley
Benguela railway
Portuguese West Africa
Angola
Luau
Belgian Congo
Aberdeen
World War I
Drumoak
Aberdeenshire
Freedom of the City of Aberdeen
Order of the Crown (Belgium)
Royal Order of the Lion
Portuguese order of Christ
Robert Williams town
Central African Copperbelt
Dictionary of National Biography

categories: Scottish mining engineers,Grand Officers of the Order of the Crown (Belgium),Kimberley, Northern Cape,Scottish people of the British Empire,British railway entrepreneurs,Commanders of the Order of Christ (Portugal),Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom,South African mining businesspeople,Explorers of Africa,British people in rail transport,People from Aberdeen,British mining businesspeople,Commanders of the Royal Order of the Lion,1860 births,1938 deaths,Scottish explorers,History of Angola

paragraph: Sir Robert Williams, 1st Baronet, of Park (21 January 1860 – 25 April 1938) was a Scottish mining engineer, pioneering explorer of Africa, entrepreneur, and railroad developer who was chiefly responsible for the discovery of the vast copper deposits in Katanga Province (now incorporated in the Democratic Republic of Congo) and Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia).

paragraph: Williams was closely associated, variously as an employee of, advisor to, and partner with Cecil Rhodes in his many enterprises from the time of their first meeting in 1885 at the de Beers diamond mine in Kimberley until Rhodes’s death in 1902. Williams planned and executed the creation of the Benguela railway through then Portuguese West Africa (now Angola).  In 1902, Williams took over the construction and completed the connection to Luau at the border to the Belgian Congo in 1929.

paragraph: He was the managing Director of "Tanganyka Concessions Ltd"

paragraph: Williams was born and educated in Aberdeen. After World War I he bought Park House, a mansion with several hundred acres of land at Drumoak in Aberdeenshire. He was granted the Freedom of the City of Aberdeen, and was created a baronet in 1928, of Park, Aberdeenshire. He also became a grand officer of the Order of the Crown (Belgium) and commander of the Royal Order of the Lion of Belgium and a knight commander of the Portuguese order of Christ.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Williams town

paragraph: BULLET::::- Central African Copperbelt

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dictionary of National Biography: Williams, Sir Robert, baronet (1860–1938), engineer and businessman

description: British businessman

wikidata_label: Sir Robert Williams, 1st Baronet


text:
condottiero
Pesaro
Gradara
Lucrezia Borgia
Costanzo I Sforza
House of Sforza
Gradara
Duchy of Milan
Camilla d'Aragona
Federico I
Mantua
Borgia
Ascanio Sforza
Pope Alexander VI
proxy marriage
Rome
the Vatican
Cesare
Roman Infante
Julius II
Costanzo II (Giovanni Maria)
The Borgias
Mark Buffery
Showtime
The Borgias
Ronan Vibert
Borgia
Manuel Rubey
Alfonso d'Este
Page at condottieridiventura.it

categories: 1466 births,People excommunicated by the Catholic Church,Condottieri,House of Sforza,House of Borgia,15th-century Italian people,People from the Province of Pesaro e Urbino,Lords of Italy,1510 deaths

paragraph: Giovanni Sforza

paragraph: Giovanni Sforza d'Aragona (5 July 1466 – 27 July 1510) was an Italian condottiero, lord of Pesaro and Gradara from 1483 until his death. He is best known as the first husband of Lucrezia Borgia. Their marriage was annulled on claims of his impotence in March 1497.

paragraph: Section::::Life and marriage.

paragraph: The illegitimate son of Costanzo I Sforza, he was a member of the powerful House of Sforza, in the line of Pesaro and Gradara (the Milanese line held the Duchy of Milan at the time). At the death of his father in 1483 he inherited the lordship of Pesaro and Gradara, though he was only seventeen and so the lordship was initially ruled by his father's widow Camilla d'Aragona as regent.

paragraph: In 1489 Giovanni had married , daughter of Federico I of Mantua, but she died the following year. He was thus viewed as a valuable link to Milan by the Borgia family. With the help of Giovanni's cousin, Cardinal Ascanio Sforza, the family finalized marriage negotiations in February 1492 between Giovanni, then in his mid-twenties, and Lucrezia Borgia, the twelve-year-old illegitimate daughter of Pope Alexander VI. A proxy marriage took place on 12 June that year, as the wedding contract stipulated that Lucrezia would stay in Rome and not consummate the marriage for a year. Her dowry was 31,000 ducats. The official marriage was celebrated in the Vatican in 1493, and reputedly was a lavish and decadent affair.

paragraph: He and Lucrezia spent two years in Pesaro, during which his importance to the ambitious Borgia family dwindled. Sforza tried to wield his proximity to the Borgias to Milan's advantage by acting as a spy, and was found out by Alexander VI. Meanwhile, other political advantages (particularly with Naples) were formed, rendering the strategic marriage useless. Lucrezia, used to privileged life in the Papal court, did not adjust to the provincial atmosphere of Pesaro. By Christmas 1495, both Giovanni and Lucrezia were present again in the court at Rome.

paragraph: By then, Sforza was aware that his fortune was precarious. He left Rome to continue with a military campaign, and upon his return in February 1497 quickly fled the city in disguise. The accepted reason for this is that the Pope and his son Cesare had contrived a plot to murder Giovanni, but Lucrezia was informed by Cesare and warned her husband to leave. This has not been proven but remains a popular explanation.

paragraph: Section::::Annulment and late life.

paragraph: The Pope petitioned for an annulment on Lucrezia's behalf in 1497 (divorce not being permitted in the Catholic Church). Ascanio Sforza was again called in to mediate between his cousin and the Borgias, and tried to persuade Giovanni into accepting the annulment. Giovanni refused to do so on at least two grounds: first, he would have to return Lucrezia's sizable dowry, and second, doing so would require signing a paper stating he was impotent. Some sources state that Giovanni had married and even fathered illegitimate children before his union with Lucrezia, which is reasonable given his age. If those sources are correct, he was not always impotent but may have later become so.

paragraph: Sforza accused Lucrezia of parental and fraternal incest in response. This claim, first made solely against the Pope and later extended to all of Lucrezia's brothers, still continues to shade the family's history. It became a popular example of the depravity later attributed to the family despite its lack of verifiability.

paragraph: The marriage was eventually annulled in 1497 on grounds of non-consummation. The Sforza family had by then threatened to withhold protection to Giovanni if he did not comply with the offer, which allowed him to keep the dowry but still required signing the confirmation of impotence. Sforza agreed to the terms in March or December. Six months later he provided sworn testimony that Lucrezia was a virgin. Lucrezia was by then allegedly pregnant with the Roman Infante, whose parentage was cited by some as proof of incest between her and Cesare. It is certain that Sforza did not parent the child but details beyond that are uncertain.

paragraph: Giovanni was excommunicated in 1500 and the citizens of one of his cities attempted to kill him. He was also attacked by Cesare Borgia, who aimed to gain Sforza's lands, and was forced to abandon Pesaro. He sued in vain for help to all the major powers of the time including France and Holy Roman Empire. Giovanni Sforza could return to Pesaro only after the death of Alexander VI and the illness of Cesare Borgia (1503). The following year the new Pope, Julius II, confirmed him as vicariate in Pesaro.

paragraph: He remarried to Ginevra Tiepolo, who gave him an heir, Costanzo II (Giovanni Maria), who succeeded him in Pesaro and Gradara.

paragraph: Sforza died in Pesaro in 1510 at the age of 44.

paragraph: Section::::Portrayals in Media.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the 1981 BBC mini-series, "The Borgias", Giovanni was played by British Actor Mark Buffery. In this adaptation, Giovanni is depicted as very timid and meek.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the 2011 Showtime series "The Borgias", Giovanni was played by British actor Ronan Vibert. In this series, Giovanni is portrayed as being very brutish and cruel. In fact, he actually rapes Lucrezia on their wedding night and continues to sexually abuse her until she engineers an accident in which he breaks his leg. After his marriage is annulled, he is humiliated, and eventually is killed by Lucrezia's brother Cesare.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the 2011 French-German series "Borgia", Giovanni was played by Austrian actor Manuel Rubey. This series' Giovanni is portrayed in a very similar manner to the Giovanni portrayed in the BBC miniseries, although he is not as meek and was for the most part very friendly towards Lucrezia. He even attempts to defy the Pope's orders against consummating his marriage to Lucrezia, but when he and Lucrezia finally have a chance to sleep together, he has difficulty performing, which leads to Lucrezia wanting an annulment from her father. Giovanni appears again briefly in the second season, where he and Lucrezia's future third husband Alfonso d'Este are shown marrying Ginevra Gonzaga (who is actually a composite character of Giovanni's first wife Maddalena Gonzaga and his third wife Ginevra Tiepolo) and Annamaria Sforza respectively in a double wedding ceremony. Afterwards, he unsuccessfully tries to woo Lucrezia for her love again, but she rebuffs him and orders him to go back to his wife.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Page at condottieridiventura.it

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francesco Ambrogiani. Vita di Giovanni Sforza: (1466–1510). // Società pesarese di studi storici, 2009 – Pesaro (Italy) – 437 pages

paragraph: br

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: Giovanni Sforza

wikipedia_title: Giovanni Sforza


text:
Athens
Paris
Greek
artist
Picasso
Matisse
Braque
Juan Gris
Dufy
Chagall
André Malraux
Giotto
École des Beaux Arts
Académie française
Montmartre
Musée de Montmartre
Sophocles
Oedipus the King
Cresset Press
John Milton
Paradise Lost
Heritage Press
Teloglion Foundation
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Tate Gallery
Artnet.com page

categories: People from Athens,1966 deaths,Greek educators,20th-century Greek painters,1879 births

paragraph: Demetrios Galanis

paragraph: Demetrios Galanis (, 17 May 1879, Athens – 20 March 1966, Paris) was an early twentieth-century Greek artist and friend of Picasso. In 1920, the year he completed his "Seated Nude" (private collection), he exhibited alongside such major figures of modern art as Matisse and Braque, while from 1921 on he also exhibited alongside Juan Gris, Dufy, Chagall, and Picasso.

paragraph: By the early 1920s Galanis was famous in France and preparing for shows in Brussels, London, and New York. In 1920–21 he frequently exhibited in Paris and in 1922 his first one-man exhibition received the enthusiastic critical response that established his reputation. "Seated Nude" was among the pictures exhibited, and in an introduction to the exhibition André Malraux described the artist's work as "having the power to stir emotions equivalent to that of Giotto."

paragraph: This show established Galanis’s reputation as a painter and confirmed the favourable opinions already expressed on the quality of his work. Critics of his time paid much more attention to his figurative work than his landscapes, confirming the well-established view that Galanis’s first and foremost concern was his love for the human form.

paragraph: Galanis received greater critical acclaim abroad in his lifetime than any other Greek modern artist of the early 20th century. The French state honoured him with the highest distinctions: full professor at the École des Beaux Arts in Paris and a lifelong member of the Académie française.

paragraph: Having moved to Paris in 1900, living in Montmartre for fifty years in a house which is now the Musée de Montmartre, Galanis developed his artistic talent beyond painting. He was also known for his illustrative wood-engravings in books, such as the Limited Editions Club of Sophocles' "Oedipus the King" and the Cresset Press edition of John Milton's "Paradise Lost". The Limited Editions Club published 1500 signed copies in 1955 and the sister organization, Heritage Press, then reprinted unsigned volumes.

paragraph: The most significant collection of Galanis's work is held in the Teloglion Foundation at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, although examples can also be found in London's Tate Gallery. His famous "Seated Nude" sold at auction for $221,860 in May 2006.

paragraph: Sources

paragraph: 1."Galanis." "EI" Magazine of European Art Center (EUARCE) of Greece, 13st issue 1996, p. 14&30-31 "(The strong ties of friendship that bound poet Yannis Koutsoheras are vividly described in an old text by the former, published in this issue for the first time)"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artnet.com page

alias:
Galanis Demetrius
Demetrius Emmanuel Galanes
Démétrius Emmanuel Galanis
Démétrius Galanis
Demetrius Emmanuel Galanis
Demetrius Galanis
Galanis
Dimitrios Emmanuel Galanis
José Galanis

description: Greek artist (1879-1966)

wikidata_label: Demetrios Galanis

wikipedia_title: Demetrios Galanis


text: Espoo

text: bassist

text: Finnish

text: Lordi

text: Musicians Institute

text: Los Angeles

text: Egyptian

text: Finnish

text: Kalma

text: Minotaur

text: Ancient Greece

text: magus

text: Greek Archipelago

text: time-traveler

text: Mr. Lordi

text: Kalma

text: Deadache

text: Babez for Breakfast

text: To Beast or Not to Beast

text: Scare Force One

text: Sexorcism

text: Market Square Massacre

text: Bringing Back the Balls to Stockholm

text: Recordead Live – Sextourcism in Z7

categories: Rock bass guitarists,Eurovision Song Contest winners,Finnish people of Egyptian descent,Living people,People from Espoo,Lordi members,1975 births,Musicians Institute alumni,Finnish heavy metal bass guitarists

paragraph: OX (rock musician)

paragraph: Samer el Nahhal (born 11 July 1975, Espoo) is the current bassist of the Finnish hard rock band Lordi. He goes by the stage name of OX (both letters capitalized). He studied in Musicians Institute in Los Angeles.

paragraph: He had announced on March 14, 2019 that following the summer festivals that year, he will be departing from Lordi.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: His father was Egyptian and his mother is Finnish. He made his Lordi debut as OX the hellbull in 2005, replacing the former bassist, Kalma. His father died when Samer was 13, so they moved back in Finland. Then he wanted to become a musician and wanted to take up the bass.

paragraph: Section::::Character background.

paragraph: OX is a half-man, half-bull creature known as a Minotaur, a creature rare even in Ancient Greece. In 1000BC, OX was the loyal servant of the magus Androlus on a small island located in the Greek Archipelago. The time-traveler Kalmaged stole the 10th book of Octavus, a book belonging to Androlus and which contained the magus' dark spells. Kalmaged then impelled the men from the nearby islands to kill both Androlus and OX.

paragraph: Soon, however, Kalmaged awoke the slain OX, taking the undead creature as his own servant. In his fortress in the dark realm between dimensions, Kalmaged formed the Ka. OX eventually discovered that Kalmaged was responsible for the death of Androlus, and he wasted no time in slaughtering his new master. When Mr. Lordi arrived in search of Kalmaged the Timetraveller, he formed an alliance with the Brotherhood. Kalma, another member of the Brotherhood, left with Mr. Lordi, while OX stayed behind as ruler of the Brotherhood. Years later, Kalma returned to take over leadership of the Brotherhood, and OX took his place in Lordi. OX is also known as "The Hellbull", "The Hornhead", "The Hornskull", "The Bulltaurus", "The Smashsquatch", "The Giant Powerhouse on Hoofs", and "Operation 10".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Lordi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Studio albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deadache (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Babez for Breakfast (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- To Beast or Not to Beast (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scare Force One (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monstereophonic (Theaterror vs. Demonarchy) (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sexorcism (2018)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Live albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- Market Square Massacre (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bringing Back the Balls to Stockholm (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Recordead Live – Sextourcism in Z7 (2019)

description: Finnish musician

wikidata_label: Samer el Nahhal

wikipedia_title: OX (rock musician)


href: Denmark mycology Agaricales Denmark georgism Morten%20Lange University%20of%20Copenhagen Folketing

text:
Danish
mycologist
Agaricales
Denmark
Georgist
Morten Lange
University of Copenhagen
Folketing

categories: 1864 births,Danish mycologists,1941 deaths

paragraph: Jakob Emanuel Lange

paragraph: Jakob Emanuel Lange (2 April 1864 – 27 December 1941), was a Danish mycologist who studied the systematics of gilled mushrooms.

paragraph: His best-known work is "Flora Agaricina Danica", a five-volume plate work on the Agaricales of Denmark. He was also a dedicated Georgist land reformer.

paragraph: He was the father of Morten Lange (1919–2003), mycologist, professor at the University of Copenhagen and member of the Folketing.

description: Danish mycologist

wikidata_label: Jakob Emanuel Lange

wikipedia_title: Jakob Emanuel Lange


text: folk

text: hurdy-gurdy

text: classical music

text: Eric Clapton

text: The Yardbirds

text: hurdy-gurdy

text: Christian Gour'han

text: René Zosso

text: Alan Stivell

text: Musée de l'Homme

text: Phil Fromont

text: contemporary dance

text: autism

text: psychiatric disorders

text: Emmanuelle Parrenin Last.fm entry

categories: French female singers,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Emmanuelle Parrenin

paragraph: Emmanuelle Parrenin is a French folk singer, harpist and hurdy-gurdy player who was first active in the late 1960s and 1970s as part of ""le mouvement folk"".

paragraph: Parrenin was born into a family steeped in classical music: her mother played the harp and her father the violin, and studied ballet as child. She expanded her musical horizons during her teenage years, and was influenced by meeting Eric Clapton and The Yardbirds, during a visit to England while a teenager. At age 19, she met the hurdy-gurdy player Christian Gour'han, René Zosso, and Alan Stivell at "Le Bourbon" folk club.

paragraph: She and others travelled to remote regions of France and other Francophone countries including Canada to record folksongs. The recordings were donated to the Musée de l'Homme and the Musée National des Arts et Traditions Populaires. In 1974 Parrenin released an album with Phil Fromont called ""La Maurmariée"", developing a "reputation for stark and intelligent interpretations of traditional music."

paragraph: With Fromont and Claude Lefebvre, Parrenin released a second, more progressive, album ""Chateau Dans Les Nuages"" in 1976, with included "Eastern elements and general strangeness".

paragraph: Her only solo album, ""Maison Rose"" was released in 1977. The title refers to the house she grew up in, and the musical influences she imbibed there. The album took "the revived instruments of "le mouvement folk" out into new territory". The album was re-released in 2001 developed an international cult following.

paragraph: After the album's release, Parrenin moved away from folk music. She later explained ""It was a time when, firstly, it [folk music] was becoming very fashionable and there wasn't the same spirit as there had been at the beginning. There was a lot of what we call in France 'un esprit de chapelle'; it was very purist and I don't think I'm like that. I liked it when it felt alive, and when that went I was bored."" She began writing music for contemporary dance, and returned to dancing. She also taught herself to play the harp.

paragraph: In 1993, a fire damaged her hearing, and she was no longer able to perform. Told that she had lost her hearing permanently, she moved to the Alps, and as self-therapy she began playing and singing again. As her hearing improved she used the techniques she had learned with others including with people with autism and psychiatric disorders.

paragraph: In March 2011 Parrenin released a new album, "Maison Cube". The title refers to the cube-shaped house where it was recorded.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emmanuelle Parrenin Last.fm entry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emmanuelle Parrenin on her new label website

description: French singer

wikidata_label: Emmanuelle Parrenin

wikipedia_title: Emmanuelle Parrenin


text:
Anabaptist
Münster
Jan van Leiden
Heinrich Krechting
Jan van Leiden
Bernhard Knipperdolling
Catholic
St Lambert's Church
Münster Rebellion

categories: German torture victims,German Anabaptists,German Christian religious leaders,People from Münster,1536 deaths,16th-century executions by Germany,Executed people from North Rhine-Westphalia,1490s births,People executed by torture

paragraph: Bernhard Krechting

paragraph: Bernhard Krechting (before 1500 – January 22, 1536) was one of the leaders of the Anabaptist Kingdom of Münster.

paragraph: Krechting was born in Schöppingen, Münster, the son of the town clerk and church musician Engelbert Krechting. Like his five brothers, he received higher education. He became a priest, a tutor for the Earl in Bentheim and a pastor at Gildehaus in the county of Bentheim. But when he proclaimed Anabaptist teachings, he was removed from his position. With many that he had convinced, he moved to Westphalian Münster (the so-called "New Jerusalem"), where he was one of the Anabaptist preachers. In the court of Jan van Leiden, he served on the Council with his brother Heinrich Krechting, the Chancellor of the Anabaptist kingdom. Heinrich, however, escaped capture, while Bernhard Krechting, probably on behalf of his brother, suffered an agonizing end.

paragraph: On 22 January 1536 he was tortured to death with Jan van Leiden and Bernhard Knipperdolling at the principal market in Munster. As a deterrent to those who opposed the Catholic Church, their bodies were placed in three iron cages hung from the tower of St Lambert's Church. Although the bodies were removed about 50 years later the cages have remained into the 21st century.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Münster Rebellion

description: German Anabaptist leader

wikidata_label: Bernhard Krechting

wikipedia_title: Bernhard Krechting


text:
Jilin City
Jilin
Short track Speed skater
500 m
2014 Winter Olympics
2012
Overall World Champion
1000 m
1500 m
3000 m relay
Jilin, China
Northeast Normal University
Changchun
Li Yan
2010 Speed Skating World Cup
Sochi Winter Olympics

categories: Universiade silver medalists for China,Universiade medalists in short track speed skating,Female short track speed skaters,1986 births,Chinese female speed skaters,Olympic medalists in short track speed skating,Olympic gold medalists for China,Sportspeople from Jilin City,Chinese short track speed skaters,Short track speed skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics,Competitors at the 2011 Winter Universiade,Olympic short track speed skaters of China,Universiade bronze medalists for China,Living people,Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Li Jianrou

paragraph: Li Jianrou (; ; born 15 August 1986 in Jilin City, Jilin Province) is a Chinese Short track Speed skater. She won a gold medal in the 500 m event of the 2014 Winter Olympics. She is the 2012 Overall World Champion. She represented China in the 2014 Winter Olympic's Ladies' 500 m event, 1000 m event and 1500 m event. She competed with China's women's relay team in the Ladies' 3000 m relay Finals and Semifinals.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Li took up the sport at the age of 10 in her hometown, Jilin, China. Educated at the Northeast Normal University in Changchun, she joined the national team in 2007 under the coaching of Li Yan. Li made her debut at the 2010 Speed Skating World Cup for China and in 2011, she was given the Sports Honour medal. In 2014, she finally achieved her ambition of participating in the Sochi Winter Olympics.

description: short track speed skater

wikidata_label: Li Jianrou

wikipedia_title: Li Jianrou


text: Count of Vaudémont

text: Sieur de Joinville

text: Count of Harcourt

text: Count of Aumale

text: Baron of Elbeuf

text: Charles II, Duke of Lorraine

text: Duchy of Lorraine

text: Philip the Good

text: René of Anjou

text: Battle of Bulgnéville

text: Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Frederick

text: Yolande of Lorraine

text: Margaret of Joinville

text: Marie of Harcourt

text: Countess of Harcourt

text: Aumale

text: Elbeuf

text: Marie of Alençon

text: Frederick II of Lorraine-Vaudémont

text: John of Lorraine-Vaudémont

text: Henri of Lorraine-Vaudémont

text: Bishop of Thérouanne

text: Bishop of Metz

text: Rohan

text: Antoine I de Croÿ, Count of Porcéan

text: At thepeerage.com

categories: Barons of Elbeuf,1458 deaths,1400s births,Place of death missing,Counts of Vaudémont,Place of birth missing,House of Vaudémont

paragraph: Antoine, Count of Vaudémont

paragraph: Antoine of Vaudémont ( – 22 March 1458) was Count of Vaudémont and Sieur de Joinville from 1418 to 1458. By marriage, he was also Count of Harcourt, Count of Aumale, and Baron of Elbeuf from 1452 to 1458.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: His uncle Charles II, Duke of Lorraine had only daughters. Antoine didn't conceal his wish to inherit the Duchy of Lorraine, and quarrelled with Charles. Charles attacked Antoine, but Antoine had Philip the Good of Burgundy as an ally.

paragraph: After Charles II died in 1431, Antoine attacked the new Duke, René of Anjou, defeating and capturing him at the Battle of Bulgnéville, on 1 July 1431. A decade of negotiation followed, since Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor was unwilling to recognise Antoine as Duke, pronouncing for René in 1434.

paragraph: Ultimately, Antoine gave up his claim on the Duchy of Lorraine, by a treaty of 27 March 1441. In return, Antoine's County of Vaudémont was recognised as independent, and his son Frederick became engaged to the Duke's daughter Yolande of Lorraine. The dynastic consequence was that Antoine's grandson became Duke.

paragraph: Antoine also took part in several local armed conflicts.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He was the son of Frederick I of Lorraine, Count of Vaudémont and Margaret of Joinville.

paragraph: He married Marie of Harcourt (1398–1476), on 12 August 1416. She was Countess of Harcourt, and of Aumale, and Baroness of Elbeuf. Her father was John VII of Harcourt, Count of Harcourt and Aumale, and her mother was Marie of Alençon. Their children were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frederick II of Lorraine-Vaudémont (1428–1470), Count of Vaudémont and sire of Joinville.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John of Lorraine-Vaudémont (died 1473), Count of Harcourt and Aumale, as well as Baron of Elbeuf.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henri of Lorraine-Vaudémont (died 1505), Bishop of Thérouanne (1447–1484), and then Bishop of Metz (1484–1505).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marie of Lorraine-Vaudémont (died 1455), who married in 1450, Alain IX of Rohan (died 1462).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marguerite of Lorraine-Vaudémont, Dame d'Aarschot (died before 1474), married in 1432, Antoine I de Croÿ, Count of Porcéan.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- At thepeerage.com

description: Count of Vaudémont

wikidata_label: Antoine of Lorraine, Count of Vaudémont

wikipedia_title: Antoine, Count of Vaudémont


text: Cass Lake, Minnesota

text: Chippewa Indian

text: Cass Lake

text: Chippewa Indian

text: Great Northern Railway

text: Leech Lake Indian Reservation

text: cabinet photos

text: postcards

text: Catholicism

text: Leonid meteor shower

text: John Smith photographs

text: Minnesota Historical Society

categories: American people with disabilities,1922 deaths,20th-century hoaxes,People from Cass Lake, Minnesota,Deaths from pneumonia,Year of birth uncertain,Ojibwe people,1820s births,Longevity myths,Blind people from the United States

paragraph: John Smith (Chippewa Indian)

paragraph: Chief John Smith (born between 1822 and 1826, died February 6, 1922, of pneumonia, in Cass Lake, Minnesota), also known as "Gaa-binagwiiyaas" ("which the flesh peels off")—recorded variously as Kahbe nagwi wens, Ka-be-na-gwe-wes, Ka-be-nah-gwey-wence, Kay-bah-nung-we-way or Ga-Be-Nah-Gewn-Wonce—translated into English as "Sloughing Flesh", "Wrinkle Meat", or Old "Wrinkled Meat", was a Chippewa Indian who lived in the Cass Lake, Minnesota area. In 1920, two years before his death, he appeared as the main feature in a motion picture exhibition which toured the US, featuring old Indians.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Smith was a Chippewa Indian who lived in the Cass Lake, Minnesota area and was reputed to have died at the age of 137. He was known as "The Old Indian" to the local white people. He had eight wives and no children, except for an adopted son, named Tom Smith.

paragraph: Already by the time the Great Northern Railway was constructed across the Leech Lake Indian Reservation (1898), Smith was ancient in appearance. Local photographers, notably including C.N. Christensen of Cass Lake, used him as a model for numerous stylized images of Ojibwe life, which were widely distributed as cabinet photos and postcards. Smith would carry "cartes de viste" of himself, selling them to visitors. He was known to travel for free on the trains running through the Reservation, selling his photo to passengers, and becoming something of an attraction in and of himself.

paragraph: Smith converted to Catholicism in about 1914, and is buried in the Catholic section of Pine Grove Cemetery in Cass Lake.

paragraph: The exact age of John Smith at the time of his death has been a subject of controversy. Federal Commissioner of Indian Enrollment Ransom J. Powell argued that "it was disease and not age that made him look the way he did" and remarked that according to records he was only 88 years old. Paul Buffalo, who had met Smith when a small boy, said he had repeatedly heard the old man state that he was "seven or eight", "eight or nine" and "ten years old" when the "stars fell" in the Leonid meteor shower of November 13, 1833, about which local historian Carl Zapffe writes: "Birthdates of Indians of the 19th Century had generally been determined by the Government in relation to the awe-inspiring shower of meteorites that burned through the American skies just before dawn on 13 November 1833, scaring the daylights out of civilized and uncivilized peoples alike. Obviously it was the end of the world. . . .". This puts the oldest age of John Smith at just under 100 years at the time of his death.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carl A. Zapffe, "Kahbe nagwi wens: The man who lived in 3 centuries" (Brainerd, MN: Historic Heartland Association, 1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Smith "Chief John Smith, A Leader of the Chippewa, Age 117 Years. His Life as Told by Himself. Being the Life Story of Chief John Smith as Narrated by Himself and Interpreted by His Adopted Son, Thomas E. Smith." (Walker, MN: The Cass County Pioneer, 1921)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Smith photographs at the Minnesota Historical Society.

alias:
Gaa-binagwiiyaas
Kahbe nagwi wens
Ka-be-na-gwe-wes
Ka-be-nah-gwey-wence
Kay-bah-nung-we-way
Ga-Be-Nah-Gewn-Wonce

description: Chippewa claimed to be over 100 years old

wikidata_label: John Smith

wikipedia_title: John Smith (Chippewa Indian)


text:
Joinville
bishop of Thérouanne
bishop of Metz
Antoine of Vaudémont
Toul
Metz
County of Vaudémont
Frederick, Count of Vaudémont
Catalonia
John II, Duke of Lorraine
Emperor Frederick III
Metz Cathedral

categories: 1430s births,Bishops of Metz,1505 deaths

paragraph: Henri of Lorraine-Vaudémont

paragraph: Henri of Lorraine-Vaudémont (died Joinville 20 October 1505) was bishop of Thérouanne, and then bishop of Metz from 1484 to 1505. From an aristocratic family, he was son of Antoine of Vaudémont.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was probably born in the early 1430s. He became a canon at Toul and then at Metz. He studied theology at Paris, and became bishop of Thérouanne in 1456.

paragraph: He was administrator of the County of Vaudémont, while his brother Frederick, Count of Vaudémont was on campaign in Catalonia with John II, Duke of Lorraine.

paragraph: On his 1484 nomination as bishop of Metz, a quarrel with the citizens had to be resolved by the intervention of the Emperor Frederick III. He added to Metz Cathedral.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georges Poull, "La maison ducale de Lorraine" (1991)

description: French bishop

wikidata_label: Henri of Lorraine-Vaudémont

wikipedia_title: Henri of Lorraine-Vaudémont


text:
triathlete
Ironman Hawaii
Ironman Hawaii
Craft of Scandinavia
bicuspid aortic valve
Thorbjørn Sindballe official website

categories: 1976 births,Living people,Danish male triathletes

paragraph: Torbjørn Sindballe

paragraph: Torbjørn Sindballe (born 21 October 1976) is a Danish professional triathlete who was forced to end his competition triathlon career due to heart problems. Torbjørn Sindballe lives in northern Sjælland with his wife Mette, and their 5-year-old son Oskar.

paragraph: Section::::Particular physique.

paragraph: Thorbjørn Sindballe weighs in at 80 kg and is 190 cm tall, which is an unusual size for an elite triathlete. His size makes him less aerodynamic, heavier for running, and makes it harder for him to endure the heat, which is a strong factor in several important competitions.

paragraph: Section::::Triathlon career.

paragraph: He had his first career breakthrough when he won the Danish and Nordic Championships in 1998, and next year won World Championship Silver. However, his career has been plagued by injuries but he somehow has still managed a very healthy career, with many impressive results, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st ITU Long Distance Triathlon World Championship (Canberra) 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st Half Ironman Triathlon Port Macguarie 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st Ironman 70.3 California 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st ITU Long Distance Triathlon World Championship (Sater) 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st ITU Long Distance Triathlon European Championship 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd Ironman Florida 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3rd Challenge Roth 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3rd Ironman New Zealand 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3rd Ironman Hawaii 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd Wildfire Triathlon(San Antonio) 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd Ironman Wisconsin 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3rd Ironman 70.3 California 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd ITU Long Distance Triathlon World Championship (Nice) 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd ITU Long Distance Triathlon World Championship (Sater) 1999

paragraph: Section::::Racing in the heat.

paragraph: The thing that Torbjørn believes held him back from success in the Ironman Hawaii is his body's inability to handle the heat. To deal with this problem, he has developed, in cooperation with his sponsor Craft of Scandinavia, several methods to endure the heat more effectively: including running in all white, while soaked in water, as well as a glove filled with ice, to cool him down.

paragraph: Section::::End of competitive triathlon career.

paragraph: Torbjørn Sindballe was forced to announce end to his competitive triathlon career on 30 June 2009, due to a bicuspid aortic valve.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thorbjørn Sindballe official website

description: Danish triathlete

wikidata_label: Torbjørn Sindballe

wikipedia_title: Torbjørn Sindballe


text: Âu Lạc

text: Âu Việt

text: Hùng king

text: Văn Lang

text: Lạc Việt

text: Cổ Loa

text: Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư

text: Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục

text: Shu

text: 蜀

text: Guangxi

text: Yunnan

text: Qin dynasty

text: Shu

text: Âu Việt

text: Guangdong

text: Cao Bằng Province

text: Hùng king

text: Hồng Bàng dynasty

text: Văn Lang

text: Âu Lạc

text: Red River

text: Co Loa

text: Hanoi

text: Dong Anh

text: district

text: Warring States

text: Qin state

text: Qin Shi Huang

text: Great Wall

text: Cổ Loa Citadel

text: Âu Lạc

text: Cổ Loa Citadel

text: incense

text: Cao Lỗ

text: Zhao Tuo

text: Qin

text: Triệu Đà

text: Mỵ Châu

text: Trọng Thủy

text: Trọng Thủy

text: Nam Viet

text: Triệu Dynasty

text: Mỵ Châu and Trọng Thủy

text: Âu Lạc

text: Âu Việt

text: Bách Việt

text: History of Vietnam

text: Nam Việt

text: Phiên Ngung

text: Tây Vu Vương

text: Triệu dynasty

text: Triệu Đà

text: Trọng Thuỷ

text: "The Birth of Vietnam"

text: An Duong Vuong Dynasty

categories: 207 BC deaths,3rd-century BC rulers in Asia,Year of birth unknown,Ancient Vietnam,3rd century BC in Vietnam,3rd-century BC rulers,Vietnamese dynasties,Vietnamese generals,Vietnamese kings

paragraph: An Dương Vương

paragraph: An Dương Vương () is the title of Thục Phán, who ruled over the kingdom of Âu Lạc (now Vietnam) from 257 BC to 207 BC. As the leader of the Âu Việt tribes, he defeated and seized the throne from the last Hùng king of the state of Văn Lang and united its people–known as the Lạc Việt—with the Âu Việt. In 208 BC, the capital Cổ Loa was attacked and the imperial citadel ransacked. An Dương Vương fled and committed suicide.

paragraph: Section::::Later written accounts.

paragraph: According to "Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư" (1479) and "Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục" (1871), Thục Phán was a prince of the state of Shu (蜀, pronounced Thục in Vietnamese), sent by his father first to explore what are now the southern Chinese provinces of Guangxi and Yunnan and second to move their people to modern-day northern Vietnam during the invasion of the Qin dynasty. However, this story is inconsistent with the facts, as Shu was conquered in 316 BC and Thục Phán ruled between 257 BC and 207 BC.

paragraph: Some modern Vietnamese believe that Thục Phán came upon the territory of the Âu Việt tribes (modern-day northernmost Vietnam, western Guangdong, and southern Guangxi province, with its capital in what is today Cao Bằng Province).

paragraph: Section::::Conquering of the Hùng.

paragraph: Thục Phán assembled an army and defeated the 18th dynasty of the Hùng king, the last line of rulers of the Hồng Bàng dynasty of Văn Lang, around 257 BC. He proclaimed himself An Dương Vương ("King An Dương") and renamed Văn Lang as Âu Lạc after the names of the conquering and conquered peoples. He established his fortress and new capital on a rise above the Red River valley at Co Loa in present-day Hanoi's Dong Anh district, about north-east of the city centre.

paragraph: Section::::Thục Phán and Âu Lạc's administration.

paragraph: There is little recorded or written about how the new Âu Lạc was administered and organized.

paragraph: Nonetheless, based on legendary records, he seems to have been an astute, intelligent, and significant figure. Certainly he was a talented general who knew how to exploit the confusion and turmoil in China during that period, not only to take control of territory and establish a separate state for his people, but also to secure his state's prosperity and survival. China at this time was the subject of numerous battles between the various Warring States who were fighting for overall control and domination of their neighbouring states. Eventually, the Qin state rose to power and unified China in 211 BC under Emperor Qin Shi Huang. Around the time that Qin Shi Huang ordered the construction of the Great Wall, An Dương Vương began the construction of a spiral fortress called Cổ Loa Citadel (Vietnamese: "Cổ Loa Thành") to defend his state against invasions.

paragraph: Section::::The legend of Cổ Loa Citadel and the Magic Crossbow.:Cổ Loa Citadel and Âu Lạc.

paragraph: After Thục Phán defeated the last Hùng king and ascended to the throne as An Dương Vương, he renamed Văn Lang to Âu Lạc and established the Cổ Loa Citadel as his new capital. He saw the strategic and geographic importance of Cổ Loa. On two of its sides, Cổ Loa was surrounded by impenetrable mountains and forests. There was also a river flowing by. It is not known why An Dương Vương favoured the spiral, shell-like shape of Cổ Loa Citadel, but it is said that its construction was extremely tough and difficult to complete. According to legend, each time it seemed near completion, the work was undone at night by a horde of evil spirits.

paragraph: Section::::The legend of Cổ Loa Citadel and the Magic Crossbow.:The legend of Cổ Loa and the Magic Crossbow.

paragraph: An Dương Vương burnt incense, prayed, made offerings and evoked the gods to help him. One night, in a dream, an old and frail man with long, white hair came to him and told him the only person who could help him build his citadel was a golden turtle that lived somewhere around Cổ Loa.

paragraph: A few days later, while sitting in a boat on the river and thinking about the meaning of his dream, a giant golden turtle suddenly emerged from the water. The golden turtle told An Dương Vương that he would need one of its claws in order to accomplish his plan. Pulling out one of its claws and throwing it to An Dương Vương, the turtle vanished.

paragraph: An Dương Vương had Cao Lỗ, his weaponry engineer, build a crossbow incorporating this claw which could shoot thousands of arrows at once. Indeed, right after obtaining this claw, An Dương Vương saw his fortunes change. His capital started taking shape. His kingdom prospered and soon was coveted by neighbouring states. Among those who coveted his territory was Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà in Vietnamese), a Qin general who refused to surrender to the newly established Han Dynasty. For a period of ten years around 217 to 207 BC, Triệu Đà attempted many invasions to conquer Âu Lạc but failed each time due to An Dương Vương's military skills and defensive tactics.

paragraph: Section::::The legend of Cổ Loa Citadel and the Magic Crossbow.:Triệu Đà's scheme.

paragraph: Triệu Đà, having been beaten several times, devised a new plan. He negotiated a peace treaty with Âu Lạc. He determined to find out the strengths and strategies of his foe. He even went so far as to propose marriage between An Dương Vương’s daughter, Princess Mỵ Châu () and his son Trọng Thủy (, Zhong Shi). In time Triệu Đà found out through his daughter-in-law Mỵ Châu that An Dương Vương had a magic crossbow that made him almost invincible. Triệu Đà then he told his son Trọng Thủy to sneak into his father-in-law's palace and steal this "magic crossbow", replacing it with a fake. Triệu Đà, with the magic crossbow in his hands, launched a new attack on his foe and in-law An Dương Vương.

paragraph: Section::::The legend of Cổ Loa Citadel and the Magic Crossbow.:The deaths of Mỵ Châu and Trọng Thủy.

paragraph: This time, Cổ Loa fortress fell into Triệu Đà's hands. An Dương Vương grabbed Mỵ Châu, his only daughter, and fled the scene of the battle. He rode to the river and encountered the giant golden turtle, which told An Dương Vương, “The enemy is sitting right behind you!”

paragraph: Angered by his own daughter's betrayal, the king slew his daughter (in a popular version of the tale he beheaded her). Then he jumped into the river with the giant golden turtle.

paragraph: Trọng Thủy, searching for his beloved wife, arrived a few minutes later at the scene. Her body was lying in a pool of blood and his father-in-law was nowhere to be seen. In accordance with conjugal fidelity and devotion, he drew his sword and killed himself as well, in order to be with his wife forever in eternity. In another version of the legend, after discovering Mị Châu's body, Trọng Thủy took her home. Later, when Trọng Thủy was in control of Âu Lạc, he was depressed as he missed Mị Châu. One day when he went to the well to take water for a bath, he saw Mị Châu's reflection in the well. So he jumped into the well to reach her and drowned. It was said that he actually committed suicide at the well because of his guilt for allowing his wife to be killed.

paragraph: Having defeated An Duong Vuong, Triệu Đà annexed the newly conquered territory, created the combined state of Nam Viet (Nanyue) and proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Triệu Dynasty (207–111 BC).

paragraph: The story of Mỵ Châu and Trọng Thủy is a tragic love story often retold in Vietnamese literature.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Vietnamese historians typically view the main events of this era as having roots in historical fact. However interpretation and reconciliation of the history of the period has been set in, and sometimes against, the history of Soviet interpretation of history.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Âu Lạc

paragraph: BULLET::::- Âu Việt

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bách Việt

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Vietnam

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nam Việt

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phiên Ngung

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tây Vu Vương – believed to be a descendant of An Dương Vương who led an uprising in 111 BC against the Western Han Dynasty.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Triệu dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::- Triệu Đà

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trọng Thuỷ

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Contributor: Far-Eastern Prehistory Association "Asian Perspectives", Volume 28, Issue 1. (1990) University Press of Hawaii. Retrieved 7 August 2013.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taylor, Keith Weller. (1983). "The Birth of Vietnam" (illustrated, reprint ed.). University of California Press. . Retrieved 7 August 2013.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- An Duong Vuong Dynasty

description: Ruler of the kingdom of Âu Lạc

wikidata_label: An Dương Vương

wikipedia_title: An Dương Vương