text: Visoun

text: Lao

text: king

text: Setthathirath

text: Chiang Mai

text: Lan Xang

text: Southeast Asia

text: Chairachathirat

text: Ayutthaya Kingdom

text: Muang Khouk

text: Mekong

text: Phitsanulok

text: Vieng Prangarm

text: Vieng Prab

text: Sawangaburi

text: Maha Chakkraphat

text: Suriyothai

text: Ayutthaya Kingdom

text: Tabinshwehti

text: Burmese–Siamese War

text: animism

text: Buddhism

text: animism

text: Luang Prabang

text: Vientiane

text: Chiang Mai

text: Thailand

text: Mueangketklao

text: Lan Na

text: Setthathirath

text: Burmese–Siamese wars

text: Visoun

text: Ayutthaya

text: Setthathirath

text: History of Laos

text: Photisarath

categories: 1520s in Asia,1547 deaths,1501 births,Buddhist monarchs,Year of birth unknown,1530s in Asia,1540s in Asia,Kings of Lan Xang,Laotian Theravada Buddhists,16th century in Lan Xang,16th-century monarchs in Asia

paragraph: Photisarath

paragraph: Photisarath (also spelled Phothisarath, Phothisarat, or Potisarat, , 1501–1547) son of King Visoun of Lanxang, is considered to be the most devout of the Lao kings. He banned spirit worship and built temples upon the sites of spirit shrines. His elephant fell and crushed him while he sought to display his prowess to the diplomatic corps. His son Setthathirath returned from Chiang Mai to succeed him to the throne of Lan Xang.

paragraph: Phothisarath was ruler (1520–47) of the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang whose territorial expansion embroiled Laos in the warfare that swept mainland Southeast Asia in the latter half of the 16th century. King Chairachathirat of the Ayutthaya Kingdom invaded Vientiane with a large army in 1540, captured Muang Khouk and crossed the Mekong, but succumbed to a rout at the battle of Sala Kham, the remnants fleeing for their lives and leaving enormous casualties behind. Phothisarath himself allied himself with Burma, sent out 3 campaigns against the Ayutthaya Kingdom: the first to Phitsanulok in 1535, the second one to Vieng Prangarm in 1539, and third was sent in 1548 to Vieng Prab (now Sawangaburi) where he brought back 20,000 families to settle in the Lan Xang kingdom.

paragraph: In 1548, following the ascension of King Maha Chakkraphat and queen Suriyothai to the Ayutthaya Kingdom throne, Burmese king Tabinshwehti planned an attack, starting the Burmese–Siamese War. Tabinshwehti asked Phothisarath to attack Ayutthaya from the North which eventually resulted in the famous death of Suriyothai in defense of her husband.

paragraph: Phothisarath was a pious Buddhist who worked to undermine animism and Brahmanic religious practices and promote Buddhism. In 1527, Phothisarath issued a decree proscribing the worship of animism as groundless superstition, and ordering their shrines to be destroyed and their altars thrown into the river. He resided much of the time not in the capital at Luang Prabang but in Vientiane, which was located farther south and maintained better communications with the major states of the region. Phothisarath married a princess from Chiang Mai (now part of northern Thailand), and when his father-in-law Mueangketklao, the ruler of Lan Na or Chiang Mai, died in 1546 without male issue, Phothisarath's own son Setthathirath placed on the Chiang Mai throne. When Phothisarath died the following year, after a fatal accident while hunting wild elephants, Setthathirath succeeded him and joined together the two kingdoms—which were soon embroiled in Burmese–Siamese wars that would devastate much of the region over the next half-century.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Visoun - King of Lan Xang (r.1500-1520)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: "unknown"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consorts and their Respective Issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Queen Yudhi Karma Devi (Yot Kam Tip), Nang Nhot-Kham - (m.1533) daughter of Brhat Muang Ket Klao Setharaja, King of Lanna

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Prince Jaya Setha Varman (Setthavangso), (Phya Uppayao), (Sai Setthathirath I) - King of Lan Na (r.1546-1551) and Lan Xang (r.1548-1571)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "a princess of Ayutthaya" - killed by Phya Sri Sadharmatilaka on ca.1550

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Prince Lankarnakaya (Phra Lancharng) - Seized the territories south of Chiengkarn after the death of his father, 1550. Defeated and taken prisoner, together with his mother, by Phya Srisa Dharmatilaka ~1550. Pardoned by his brother and appointed as Governor of Saenmuong

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Prince Dharuva (Tharua), Brhat Vora Varman (Phra Vorawong) - Seized Luang Prabang and the territories north of Chiengkarn, after the death of his father, 1547. Defeated and expelled by his eldest brother, King Setthathirath

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "a daughter of Prince Kuvanadeva (Khua-Thepha)"

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Nang Kong-Soi

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Nang Keng - niece of Prince Kama Setthadhananga (Kham Xat Tha Nang), Prince of S’ieng Wong S’ieng Wang (Xieng Khoang)

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Nang Pak Thuoi Luong - (m.1534)

paragraph: BULLET::::7. "by unknown women"

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Prince Brhatasena (Phya Asen) (Vorawongse I) - King of Lan Xang (r.1575-1579)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Princess Kaeva Kumari (Keo Koumane)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Princess Taen Kam Lao

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Princess Kamagayi (Kam Khai)

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Princess Dharmagayi (Kham Khai) - m. Brhat Varapitra (Vorapita) (d.1604), regent for his son (1596-1602) Voravongsa II

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Thammikarath Vorouvongsa II - King of Lan Xang (r.1596-1621)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Laos

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photisarath at britannica.com

description: King of Lanxang

wikidata_label: Photisarath

wikipedia_title: Photisarath


text:
count
Waldeck
prince bishop
Liège
Henry III
Otto
Gottfried
Henry I
Liège
Cologne
thesaurus
Münster
bishop of Minden
William II
bishop of Utrecht
John II of Holland
Guy of Avesnes
pope Boniface VIII

categories: Prince-Bishops of Liège,Place of death missing,14th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Place of birth missing,1250 births,1302 deaths,House of Waldeck

paragraph: Adolf II of Waldeck

paragraph: Adolf II van Waldeck (c. 1250 – 13 December 1302) was count of Waldeck from 1270 to 1276 and prince bishop of Liège from 1301 to 1302.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Adolf was a son of count Henry III and of Mechthild of Cuyk-Arnsberg. In 1270 he succeeded his grandfather Adolf I of Waldeck as count of Waldeck. He arranged a treaty with his brothers Otto and Gottfried, which stipulated that one brother would marry Sophia of Hesse (a daughter of Landgrave Henry I of Hesse), and that the other brother would follow suit and also marry. The brother to marry Sophia eventually turned out to be Otto, but in 1276 Adolf fell from Otto's favour and became a clergyman. Adolf became the domheer (cathedral-lord) in Liège, and provost in Trier and Utrecht. His other brother Godfried also became a clergyman, becoming domheer in Cologne and Liège, "thesaurus" in Münster and in 1304 bishop of Minden. On the death of William II, Adolf was initially his intended successor as bishop of Utrecht but, under pressure from count John II of Holland, Adolf found his claims overridden in favour of appointing John's brother Guy of Avesnes. Through pope Boniface VIII he was granted the bishopric of Liège instead, but he died shortly afterwards.

description: Rulign Count of Waldeck and later Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Adolf II of Waldeck

wikipedia_title: Adolf II of Waldeck


text: Saxon

text: historian

text: priest

text: Bosau

text: Plön

text: Oldenburg in Holstein

text: Vicelinus

text: Polabian Slavs

text: Goslar

text: Holstein

text: Brunswick

text: bishop

text: Vicelinus

text: Wends

text: Faldera

text: Neumünster

text: deacon

text: Großer Plöner See

text: Chronica Slavorum

text: Polabian Slavs

text: Charlemagne

text: Lübeck

text: Westphalia

text: Dutch

text: Henry the Lion

text: Wendish Crusade

text: Henry the Lion

text: Adam of Bremen

text: Henry IV

text: Willehadus

text: Ansgarius

text: Archbishops of Bremen

text: Frankfurt

text: Monumenta Germaniae Historica

text: Henry the Lion

text: Saxony

text: Arnold of Lübeck

text: Siegmund Schorkel

text: J.M. Lappenberg

text: Monumenta Germaniae hist

text: August Potthast

text: Catholic Encyclopedia

text: Helmold

text: public domain

text: Helmold von Bosau

categories: 12th-century births,German male non-fiction writers,12th-century deaths,German historians,German chroniclers,People from Lower Saxony,Christians of the Wendish Crusade,German Roman Catholic priests,12th-century German writers,12th-century historians

paragraph: Helmold

paragraph: Helmold of Bosau (ca. 1120 – after 1177) was a Saxon historian of the 12th century and a priest at Bosau near Plön. He was a friend of the two bishops of Oldenburg in Holstein, Vicelinus (died 1154) and Gerold (died 1163), who did much to Christianize the Polabian Slavs.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Helmold was born near Goslar. He grew up in Holstein, and received his instruction in Brunswick from Gerold, the future bishop of Oldenburg (1139–42). Later he came under the direction of Vicelinus, the Apostle of the Wends, first in the Augustinian monastery of Faldera, afterwards known as Neumünster (1147–53). He became a deacon about 1150, and finally became a parish priest in 1156 at Bosau on Großer Plöner See.

paragraph: At Bishop Gerold's instigation Helmold wrote his "Chronica Slavorum", a history of the conquest and conversion of the Polabian Slavs from the time of Charlemagne (about 800) to 1171. The purpose of this chronicle was to demonstrate how Christianity and the German nationality gradually succeeded in gaining a footing among the Wends, especially in the eastern portion of Holstein. As an eyewitness he gives a clear description in fluent Latin of Vicelinus's missionary labors, of the founding of the bishopric in Oldenburg, of the transfer of this bishopric to Lübeck when German commerce at the latter place had become more important than in the former city, of the spread of German influence among the Wends, of the merciless subjugation and extermination of these, and of the summoning to their lands of foreign settlers, principally Westphalian and Dutch. The work is divided into two parts: the first covers a period closing with the year 1168, while the second continues to the year 1171. This second part, however, was written subsequently to 1172.

paragraph: Helmold was a critical historian, calling Henry the Lion "out for money", and criticizing the Wendish Crusades. He said that among the troops of Henry the Lion during the Wendish Crusade, there was "only talk of money, never about Christianity" and missionary conversion of the Slavs.

paragraph: Helmold drew his knowledge of the earliest period from the church history of Adam of Bremen and the Saxon records bearing on Henry IV, besides the life of Willehadus, the list of Ansgarius, and perhaps also a life of Vicelinus, but the summaries which he made of these records are unreliable. He is, however, the most important source of information for the history of his own period, his account of which rests on the verbal information of Vicelinus and of Gerold. His fund of information becomes noticeably meager after the latter's death in 1163. His trustworthiness was seriously questioned in the 19th century (see particularly Sehirren, "Beiträge zur Kritik holsteinischer Geschichtsquellen", Leipzig, 1876) owing to his antagonism towards the Archbishops of Bremen and his partiality for the Oldenburg-Lübeck bishopric, but it should not be supposed that be was guilty of an intentional falsification of facts. The chronicle was first published in 1556 at Frankfurt, and later in "Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores", XXI (1868), 11-99, and in "Script. rer. Germ."

paragraph: Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, was Helmold's patron. The chronicle was continued down to 1209 by Abbot Arnold of Lübeck.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The "Chronica" were first edited by Siegmund Schorkel (Frankfort am Main, 1556). The best edition is by J.M. Lappenberg in "Monumenta Germaniae hist. scriptores", XXI (1868).

paragraph: BULLET::::- For critical works on the "Chronica" see August Potthast, "Bibliotheca hist. medaevius. Helmoldus".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wattenbach, "Deutschlands Geschichtsquellen", II (1894), 338-41.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Potthast, "Bibliotheca historica", I (1896), 576.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This article incorporates text from the 1913 "Catholic Encyclopedia" article "Helmold" by Patricius Schlager, a publication now in the public domain."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Helmold Of Bosau". "Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD". Accessed May 14, 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Helmold von Bosau

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: German historian

wikidata_label: Helmold

wikipedia_title: Helmold


text: Languedoc

text: jongleur

text: troubadour

text: Toulouse

text: Emperor Frederick II

text: Aimery de Pégulhan

text: Guillem Augier Novella

text: tailor

text: Albigensian Crusade

text: Lombardy

text: Occitan language

text: Dante Alighieri

text: indulgence

text: King Louis VIII

text: dysentery

text: Avignon

text: Paris

text: sirventes

text: Rome

text: hymn

text: Virgin Mary

text: cruel sack of Béziers

text: Fourth

text: Fifth Crusade

text: Greeks

text: Inquisition

text: heretic

text: Papacy

text: Crusades

text: Holy Land

text: Khwarezmians

text: Speculum

categories: French male poets,13th-century French musicians,Male composers,13th-century French people,Troubadours

paragraph: Guilhem Figueira

paragraph: Guillem or Guilhem Figueira or Figera was a Languedocian jongleur and troubadour from Toulouse active at the court of the Emperor Frederick II in the 1230s. He was a close associate of both Aimery de Pégulhan and Guillem Augier Novella.

paragraph: The son of a tailor and a tailor by trade, as a result of the Albigensian Crusade, he was exiled from his homeland and took refuge in Lombardy, where he eventually made his way to Frederick's court. In Italy he and Aimery, a fellow exile, helped to found a troubadour tradition of lamentation for the "good old days" of pre-Crusade Languedoc. The exiles' native Lombard successors continued to employ the Occitan language, however, and it was not until the time of Dante Alighieri that Italian got a significant vernacular literature of its own.

paragraph: In 1228, Guilhem denied the efficacy of the crusade indulgence and blamed the death of "good" King Louis VIII, who died of dysentery at the siege of Avignon, on the false indulgence which had drawn him out of the safety of Paris. His most famous work, the "sirventes contra Roma" (""sirventes" against Rome", actually entitled "D'un sirventes far"), was a strong reprimand for the papacy, its violent character probably engendered by the circumstances of its composition: Guilhem wrote it while he was in Toulouse besieged by the Crusaders in 1229. It was set to a famous hymn about the Virgin Mary and was therefore memorisable to the masses. A famous passage goes:

paragraph: Guilhem attacked the papacy not only for the Albigensian Crusade and the cruel sack of Béziers, but also for the failures of the Fourth and Fifth Crusades, papal imperialism, and the moral failings of the clergy. He alleged that avarice was the motive of the Crusades, which in his mind were directed only at the Greeks, fellow Christians. The singing of Figueira's "sirventes" was outlawed by the Inquisition in Toulouse, though the 1274 inquisition which condemned a burgher of Toulouse on the basis of knowing the "Roma tricharitz" does not refer to the third stanza of Guilhem's "sirventes", but to a vernacular work called "La Bible". On the basis of his language, such as the use of "matrem fornicationem" (mother of fornication) to describe Rome, even modern scholars have labelled him a heretic.

paragraph: Guilhem fled to Italy in 1229 or 1230. In Italy, Guilhem was free to criticise the Papacy and the Crusade however much and in whatever way he pleased. He attacked the Pope for his Crusade against Frederick, his new protector, and encouraged peace in Christendom in order to help the Crusades abroad in the Holy Land. In an earlier work, "Totz hom qui ben comensa e ben fenis", dated to 1215–1220, he had encouraged Frederick's decision to take up the Cross in the Holy Land.

paragraph: Among Guilhem's other surviving works are the "sirventes" "Nom laissarai per paor" (post-1216), which criticises the Church's false preaching, and "Del preveire maior", which urges the pope and emperor to make peace and send a force to save the Holy Land from the Khwarezmians who had taken Jerusalem (1244).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Graham-Leigh, Elaine. "The Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade". Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2005. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Siberry, Elizabeth. "Criticism of Crusading, 1095–1274". Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Throop, Palmer A. "Criticism of Papal Crusade Policy in Old French and Provençal." "Speculum", Vol. 13, No. 4. (Oct., 1938), pp 379–412.

description: French troubadour and poet

wikidata_label: Guilhem Figueira

wikipedia_title: Guilhem Figueira


text:
Cleveland
Ohio
Raheem DeVaughn
Music & Arts
Frank Lowe
George Lewis
Tiger In The Rain
Rejoicing with the Light
James Newton
Julius Hemphill
Dogon A.D.
Coon Bid'ness
Raw Materials and Residuals
Flat-Out Jump Suite
Arthur Blythe
Illusions
The Grip
Metamorphosis
Anthony Davis

categories: Human Arts Ensemble members,Jazz musicians from Ohio,Musicians from Cleveland,1947 births,American jazz cellists,Classical musicians from Ohio,American Muslims,American classical cellists,Male jazz musicians,Living people,Free jazz musicians

paragraph: Abdul Wadud (musician)

paragraph: Abdul Wadud (born April 30, 1947, as Ron (Ronald) DeVaughn in Cleveland, Ohio), is an American cellist known for his work in jazz and classical settings.

paragraph: His son Is R&B Singer Raheem DeVaughn.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As leader.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977: "By Myself" Bishara

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976: "Live In New York" (with Julius Hemphill)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979: "Straight Ahead/Free At Last" (with Leroy Jenkins) Red

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984: "I've Known Rivers" (with James Newton & Anthony Davis) Gramavision

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986: "Black Swan Quartet" (with Akbar Ali, Eileen Folson & Reggie Workman) Minor Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990: "Trio^2" (with James Newton & Anthony Davis) Gramavision

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: "Oakland Duets" (with Julius Hemphill) Music & Arts

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As sideman.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Black Unity Trio - Al-Fatihah (1971) Salaam

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frank Lowe - Fresh (1974) Black Lion

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Lewis - Shadowgraph 5 (1977) Black Saint

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles "Bobo" Shaw - The Streets Of St. Louis (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oliver Lake - Shine (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Franks - "Tiger In The Rain" (1979) Warner Brothers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Muhal Richard Abrams - "Rejoicing with the Light" (Black Saint, 1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Murray - The People's Choice (1988) Columbia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marty Ehrlich Dark Woods Ensemble - Emergency Peace (1991) New World

paragraph: With James Newton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paseo Del Mar" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Portraits" (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Romance And Revolution" (1986)

paragraph: With Julius Hemphill

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dogon A.D." (1972) Mbari

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coon Bid'ness" (1975) Mbari

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Raw Materials and Residuals" (Black Saint, 1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flat-Out Jump Suite" (Black Saint, 1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live From The New Music Cafe" (1991) Music & Arts

paragraph: With Arthur Blythe

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1983) Columbia

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Illusions" (1980) Columbia

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Grip" (1977) India Navigation

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Metamorphosis" (1977) India Navigation

paragraph: With Anthony Davis

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Of Blues And Dreams" (1978) Sackville

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Epistemes" (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Undines" (1986)

description: musician

wikidata_label: Abdul Wadud

wikipedia_title: Abdul Wadud (musician)


text: Barcelona

text: Blanes

text: Catalan

text: Asturian

text: ¡Cu-Cut!

text: Papitu

text: Picarol

text: En Patufet

text: Spanish Army

text: ¡Cu-Cut!

text: Christmas eve

text: pseudonym

text: Josep Maria Folch i Torres

text: L'Esquitx

text: oral lore

text: seny

text: Catalan virtue

text: Josep Abril i Virgili

text: Josep Torras i Bages

text: Vic

text: aphorism

text: fable

text: Catalonia

text: Spanish Civil War

text: General Franco

text: Alfons Pérez i Fàbregas

text: Rambla de Catalunya

text: Seny

text: Spanish Republican Army

text: Junceda drawings

paragraph: Joan Junceda

paragraph: Joan Junceda, full name Joan García Junceda i Supervia (1881 in Barcelona – 1948 in Blanes), was one of the most important Catalan artists and illustrators in the first half of the 20th century. His father was from Asturian origin. Junceda worked in many publications, including "¡Cu-Cut!", "Papitu", "Picarol" and "En Patufet".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: After not being able to pass the tests in order to join the Spanish Army, Joan Junceda taught himself drawing while working at the offices of the "El Siglo" shopping center in Barcelona. There he became part of the team that was illustrating the shop's catalogues.

paragraph: He published his first drawing in "¡Cu-Cut!" on Christmas eve 1902 under the pseudonym Ribera.

paragraph: Junceda illustrated the ""Historietes Exemplars"" series, a collection of stories with a moral lesson compiled by Josep Maria Folch i Torres, which were published for the first time in ""L'Esquitx"" magazine. His most well-known work, however, would be the illustrations he did for ""Bon Seny"", a compilation of the oral lore regarding "seny", an archetypal Catalan virtue, that was undertaken by writer Josep Abril i Virgili (1869-1918) encouraged by Josep Torras i Bages, bishop of Vic. "Bon Seny" contains aphorisms, fables and humorous stories based on the rural traditions of Catalonia. It was published in the Catalan language before the Spanish Civil War and the book became rare during General Franco's era, when so much Catalan printed material had been burned and printing in Catalan was severely restricted.. At all events he became Franco's supporter after the Spanish Civil War (https://www.dolcacatalunya.com/2019/07/sabia-que-el-caricaturista-de-cabecera-del-nacionalismo-retrato-a-franco/).

paragraph: In 2003, the Professional Association of Catalan Illustrators "(Associació Professional d'Il·lustradors de Catalunya)" introduced the "Premis Junceda" (Junceda Prices), named after this artist in acknowledgment of his work as a renovator of contemporary illustration. A monument in honor of Joan Junceda made by Alfons Pérez i Fàbregas stands now in the Rambla de Catalunya, Barcelona.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seny

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spanish Republican Army

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Junceda drawings

alias:
J. Junceda
Joan Enric García Junceda
Joan García Junceda Supervia
Juan García Junceda
Joan G. Junceda
J. G. Junceda
Juan García Junceda Supervia
Joan Enric García-Junceda
Joan Enric Garcia Junceda
Joan Garcia Junceda Supervia
Juan Garcia Junceda
Juan Garcia Junceda Supervia
Joan Enric Garcia-Junceda

description: illustrator

wikidata_label: Joan Junceda

wikipedia_title: Joan Junceda


text:
Pilsdon
Chief Justice of the King’s Bench
lord of the manor
Kington Magna
Escheat
Brixham
Devon
House of Lancaster
Wars of the Roses
attainted
Edward IV
Henry VI
Devon
escheator
Year Books
degree of the coif
serjeant-at-law
Member of Parliament
Shaftesbury
county seat
Dorset
Somerset
House of Lords
Speaker of the House of Commons
John Tyrell
John Juyn
Chief Justice of the King's Bench
patent
John Fortescue
Prince
Edward Coke
Lyttelton
Wivelscombe
Pilsdon
Sheriff of Somerset
Sheriff of Dorset
William Hody
Attorney General of England
Chief Baron of the Exchequer
Henry VII
Buckland Newton
William Latimer, 4th Baron Latimer
Fonthill Abbey
manor
Pilsdon
Somerset
Church of St Mary, Woolavington
Chief Justice of England
chantry
monogram
Foss's

categories: People from Devon,1441 deaths, Year of birth missing, Lord Chief Justices of England and Wales,15th-century English MPs

paragraph: John Hody

paragraph: Sir John Hody (died 1441) of Stowell in Somerset and of Pilsdon in Dorset, was Chief Justice of the King’s Bench.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was the son of Thomas Hody (d. 1442), lord of the manor of Kington Magna in Dorset, Escheator of Dorset in 1419/20. John's mother was Margaret Cole, daughter and heiress of John Cole of Nitheway in the parish of Brixham in Devon, which thus became the birthplace of his children. John's elder brother was Alexander Hody (died 16 May 1461), a strong supporter of the House of Lancaster during the Wars of the Roses who was attainted in the first year of the reign of King Edward IV for his adherence to the deposed King Henry VI.

paragraph: Hody was descended from a family of considerable antiquity, though of no great note, in Devon. Jordan de Hode held lands in Hode in the thirteenth century; Richard de Hody was the king's escheator of that county in 1353/54 and 1357/58, and the same office was filled by William Hody in 1400/01.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was educated as a lawyer and is frequently mentioned in the Year Books from 1424/25. Although there is no record of his summons to take the degree of the coif, there is very little doubt that he was by 1435/36 a serjeant-at-law, as his name appears on the list of those called upon to contribute towards the equipment of the army against France in 1435/36. Certainly, he had attained that rank before July 1439.

paragraph: He was elected a Member of Parliament for Shaftesbury in 1421 and again in 1422, 1423, 1425 and 1427. In 1431 he was elected as a Member of Parliament for the prestigious county seat Dorset and in 1433, 1435 and 1437 for the county seat of Somerset. Clearly he was held in high esteem by the House of Commons which during his last tenure selected him to notify the House of Lords of the election of a new Speaker of the House of Commons in the place of John Tyrell, who was incapacitated by infirmity.

paragraph: On the death of Sir John Juyn in 1440 he was appointed Chief Justice of the King's Bench, by patent dated 13 April 1440, which office he held for almost two years, his successor, Sir John Fortescue, being appointed on 25 January 1442. His judicial career was probably terminated by his death, as his will is dated 17 December 1441, although the date of its probate is not recorded.

paragraph: Section::::Judicial reputation.

paragraph: Notwithstanding the short period during which he presided in the court, he is stated by Prince (d. 1723) to have won golden opinions by his integrity and firmness in the administration of justice. Sir Edward Coke mentions him amongst the "famous and expert sages of the law" from the decisions of whom Lyttelton had "great furtherance in composing his "Institutes of the Laws of England"."

paragraph: Section::::Marriage & progeny.

paragraph: He married Elizabeth Jewe (d. 1473), daughter and heiress of John Jewel (d. 1415/16) of Whitfield in the parish of Wivelscombe in Somerset, by his wife Alice de Pillesden, daughter and heiress of John de Pillesden, of Pilsdon in Somerset. Elizabeth survived her husband and remarried to Robert Capps, Sheriff of Somerset and Sheriff of Dorset in 1445/46. By his wife he had progeny five sons and several daughters, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Hody, eldest son and heir, seated at Stowell and Nitheway, where his posterity remained for many generations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Hody (pre-1441 – died 1524), 2nd son, Attorney General of England and Chief Baron of the Exchequer under King Henry VII. He founded his own branch of the Hody family seated at Pilsdon until the 18th century.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joan Hody, wife of Sir Nicholas Latimer (d. 1505) of Duntish in the parish of Buckland Newton, Dorset, son and heir of John Latimer and heir male of the body of William Latimer, 4th Baron Latimer (1330–1381). Without male progeny. A heraldic shield representing this marriage survives in Fonthill Abbey, Wiltshire, showing the arms of Latimer impaling Hody ("Argent, a fess per fess indented or and sable between two double copies of the last").

paragraph: Section::::Landholdings.

paragraph: His early success as an apprentice-at-law brought him the means with which to purchase two parts of the manor of Wydecombe in the 1420s and the whole of the manor of Stowell in Somerset, purchased in 1427 from Reynold Molyns, son of Reynold Molyns (d. 1385).

paragraph: In 1435 he purchased the manor of Wootton Glanville and in 1439 Long Critchell in Dorset. He was seated at his own estate at Stowell and after his marriage also at Pilsdon in Dorset, which came to him, together with the manor of Whitfield in the parish of Wiveliscombe, in Somerset, and other property in both counties, by his marriage to the heiress Elizabeth Jewe.

paragraph: Section::::Death & burial.

paragraph: He died before New Year's Day in 1441/42. His will dated 17 December 1441, by which it appears that his father survived him, directs his body to be buried in the Church of St Mary, Woolavington, in Somerset, near the body of "Magister Johannes Hody", his uncle. By a large amount of silver plate and other articles which he gave in legacies, some idea may be formed of the domestic economy of a Chief Justice of England at this period. He made a bequest to the chantry priests of Woolavington Church ""for the love that he had to hit for their he began his first learning"".

paragraph: In about 1880 during restoration work, a square stone was discovered on the floor of the church beneath the tower, on which is sculpted the monogram "JH". This is believed to be connected to Hody's former monument as the vault in which he and his uncle are believed to have been buried lies under the tower and west end of the church.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: "This article incorporates text from Foss's" Judges of England, "a publication now in the public domain."

description: English politician and judge

wikidata_label: John Hody

wikipedia_title: John Hody


text:
Shiba Takatsune
Ashikaga shogunate
kanrei
Shiba clan
The Chikubashō

paragraph: Shiba Yoshimasa

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Yoshimasa was the son of Shiba Takatsune.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: During the Ashikaga shogunate, Yoshimasa held the office of "kanrei" from 1379 to 1397.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shiba clan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Author of "The Chikubashō"

description: Japanese samurai

wikidata_label: Shiba Yoshimasa

wikipedia_title: Shiba Yoshimasa


text:
Barquisimeto
Lara
Venezuela
boxer
1984 Summer Olympics
featherweight
Türgüt Aykaç
Azzedine Said
Satoru Higashi
Park Hyung-Ok
Meldrick Taylor
Moussa Kagambega
Abdelhak Achik
Profile

categories: Olympic bronze medalists for Venezuela,Boxers at the 1983 Pan American Games,1964 births,Featherweight boxers,Central American and Caribbean Games bronze medalists for Venezuela,Olympic boxers of Venezuela,Living people,Boxers at the 1988 Summer Olympics,Olympic medalists in boxing,Pan American Games competitors for Venezuela,Boxers at the 1984 Summer Olympics,Boxers at the 1987 Pan American Games,Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics,People from Barquisimeto,Venezuelan male boxers

paragraph: Omar Catarí

paragraph: Omar Catarí Peraza (born April 25, 1964 in Barquisimeto, Lara) is a former Venezuelan boxer. At the 1984 Summer Olympics he won the bronze medal in the men's featherweight division (– 57 kg), along with Türgüt Aykaç of Turkey.

paragraph: Section::::Olympic results.

paragraph: 1984 - Los Angeles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Round of 64 bye

paragraph: BULLET::::- Round of 32: Defeated Azzedine Said (Algeria) referee stopped contest in second round

paragraph: BULLET::::- Round of 16: Defeated Satoru Higashi (Japan) by decision, 4-1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Quarterfinal: Defeated Park Hyung-Ok (South Korea) by decision, 4-1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Semifinals: Lost to Meldrick Taylor (United States) by decision, 0-5 (was awarded bronze medal)

paragraph: 1988 - Seoul

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st round bye

paragraph: BULLET::::- Defeated Moussa Kagambega (Burkina Faso) by first-round knockout

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lost to Abdelhak Achik (Morocco) by first-round knockout

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile

description: boxer

wikidata_label: Omar Catarí

wikipedia_title: Omar Catarí


text:
American football
Yale University
United States Naval Academy
Marlin-Rockwell Corporation
World War I
High Standard Manufacturing Company
World War II
Chicago, Illinois
Carter Harrison, Jr.
Phillips Academy
Andover, New Hampshire
Yale University
Yale Bulldogs football
Harvard–Yale game
The New York Sun
Parke-Davis
Caspar Whitney
Theodore Roosevelt
Walter Camp
Tad Jones
Annapolis, Maryland
United States Naval Academy
Navy Midshipmen football
Waterbury, Connecticut
Seattle, Washington
New Haven, Connecticut
New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad
Marlin-Rockwell Corporation
Liverpool
1920 United States Census
New Haven, Connecticut
1930 United States Census
New Haven, Connecticut
World War I
High Standard Manufacturing Company
Royal Air Force
Treasury Department
World War II
Hamden, Connecticut

categories: American football fullbacks,American football halfbacks,Navy Midshipmen football coaches,American football quarterbacks,1953 deaths,Sportspeople from Chicago,Yale Bulldogs football coaches,1883 births,Yale Bulldogs football players

paragraph: Jack Owsley

paragraph: John Ebsworth Owsley (March 17, 1883 – July 14, 1953) was an American football player and coach and businessman. He played college football, principally as a left halfback, for Yale University from 1901 to 1904. He was the head coach of Yale's undefeated 1905 football team that outscored opponents 226 to 4. He also served as the head football coach at the United States Naval Academy in 1925. He gained a reputation as a wartime producer of armaments, working with Marlin-Rockwell Corporation during World War I and with the High Standard Manufacturing Company during World War II. He was one of the highest paid persons in the United States in 1941 and 1942.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Owsley was born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1883. His father was Heaton Owsley (1856–1930), an Illinois native and manufacturer. His mother, Harriet (Byrne) Owsley was a Mississippi native who died in the same year that Owsley was born. He was the nephew of Carter Harrison, Jr., the mayor of Chicago from 1897 to 1905. Owsley attended preparatory school at the Phillips Academy in Andover, New Hampshire, graduating in 1902.

paragraph: Section::::Yale.

paragraph: Owsley enrolled at the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale University in 1901 at age 18. He played for the Yale Bulldogs football team in 1901, 1903, and 1904. He played most of the 1901 season with Yale's freshman football team but was brought into the 1901 Harvard–Yale game a substitute. During the 1902 season, Owsley was ineligible due to "scholarship deficiencies." During the 1903 and 1904 seasons, Owsley was a starter, mostly at the left halfback position, but occasionally appearing at right halfback, fullback and quarterback. After the 1904 season, Owsley was selected as a second-team All-American at the halfback position by "The New York Sun".

paragraph: Section::::Football coach.

paragraph: Section::::Football coach.:Yale.

paragraph: Owsley returned to Yale in the fall of 1905 as the head coach of the school's varsity football team. Owsley led the team to a perfect 10–0 record, as his team outscored opponents by a combined score of 226 to 4. The 1905 team coached by Owsley has been recognized as that year's national championship team by Parke-Davis and Caspar Whitney.

paragraph: In 1905, Owsley was one of the advisers with whom President Theodore Roosevelt consulted concerning his campaign to reduce the level of violence and reform the game of football. "The New York Times" described an October 1905 meeting between Roosevelt and "the men who rule the game," a group consisting of Owsley, Walter Camp, and five other persons.

paragraph: During the period from 1899 to 1912, Yale had 14 different head football coaches in 14 years – despite compiling a combined record of 127–11–10 in those years. During that 14-year span, the Yale football team has also been recognized as the national championship team by one or more of the major national championship selectors on seven occasions – 1900 (Billingsley, Helms, Houlgate, National Championship Foundation, Parke-Davis), 1901 (Parke-Davis), 1902 (Parke-Davis), 1905 (Parke-Davis, Whitney), 1906 (Billingsley, Parke-Davis, Whitney), 1907 (Billingsley, Helms, Houlgate, National Championship Foundation, Parke-Davis, Whitney), and 1909 (Billingsley, Helms, Houlgate, National Championship Foundation, Parke-Davis).

paragraph: Owsley also served as an assistant coach and coach of the "scrub" team at Yale for several years thereafter. He returned to Yale as backfield coach under head coach Tad Jones during the 1923 and 1924 football seasons.

paragraph: Section::::Football coach.:Navy.

paragraph: In December 1924, Owsley traveled to Annapolis, Maryland, and was interviewed to become the head football coach at United States Naval Academy. He was hired by Navy in January 1925, and became the 18th head coach for the Navy Midshipmen football team. His coaching record at Navy was 5–2–1.

paragraph: Section::::Business career and family.

paragraph: After the 1905 football season, Owsley worked for the Scovill Manufacturing Company in Waterbury, Connecticut. In June 1906, he underwent surgery for appendicitis and traveled west to recuperate. He accepted a position with Merrill & Ring Lumber Co., at Seattle, Washington, in the fall of 1906. He remained in Seattle until the fall of 1908. Owsley returned to Connecticut in November 1908 to help the Yale football team prepare for its game against Princeton.

paragraph: Owsley married Helen Blanche Hall in November 1908 at New Haven, Connecticut. Her father, John M. Hall, was the president of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. Owsley and his wife had two daughters, Julia, born November 27, 1913, and Helen, born August 18, 1920.

paragraph: From 1908 until at least 1910, Owsley continued to work in the logging business, buying and selling lumber for people in the East. He lived in Seattle and made occasional short trips to the East.

paragraph: In December 1915, Owsley became employed by Marlin-Rockwell Corporation, the largest producers of machine guns in the world. On January 7, 1918, the company sent a letter in support of a passport application to allow Owsley, then holding the position of assistant general manager, to travel to France to investigate the use of machine guns in aircraft. The letter noted that Owsley was given the charge "to observe the requirements of the airplane program in France as it may apply to the Marlin Aircraft Guns, and return to our organization with the practical information that will enable us to co-operate with the Government in manufacture and shipment to best advantage of all concerned." His application was granted, and he arrived in Liverpool, England, on January 22, 1918, as a passenger on the "St. Paul". On July 1, 1918, Marlin-Rockwell submitted an affidavit in support of an application to renew Owsley's passport to allow him to remain in England, noting that his presence was needed to demonstrate the company's Browning machine rifle, Browning machine gun, Barlow bombs, and Marlin aircraft gun, and to observe bomb tests. He returned from Europe on September 30, 1918, as a passenger of the "SS Adriatic".

paragraph: At the time of the 1920 United States Census, Owsley was living in New Haven, Connecticut, with his mother-in-law Julia W. Hall, his wife Helen H. Owsley, a daughter Julia Hall Owsley, and four live-in servants. His occupation was listed at that time as the manager of an oil field.

paragraph: At the time of the 1930 United States Census, Owsley was living in New Haven, Connecticut, with his mother-in-law Julia W. Hall, his wife Helen H. Owsley, two daughters, Julia and Helen, and five live-in servants. His occupation was listed at that time as a lumber dealer.

paragraph: Owsley had developed a reputation as "a wartime production authority in New England" based on his service with Marlin-Rockwell during World War I. In 1940, Owsley helped organize High Standard Manufacturing Company, an armaments company based in New Haven, Connecticut. In October 1940, Owsley secured a $12 million order from the British Purchasing Commission for machine guns to be mounted on airplanes for the Royal Air Force. In 1941 and 1942, Owsley was included on a list compiled by the Treasury Department of the top salary earners in the United States. His salary in 1942 was reported as $421,206, a reduction of $122,000 from his 1941 salary. Owsley served as High Standard's vice president until 1945, continuing thereafter as a director until his retirement in approximately 1948. In a draft registration card completed at the time of World War II, Owsley indicated that he was living at 300 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut, with his wife Helen Hall Owsley, and that he was working for the High Standard Mfg. Co. in Hamden, Connecticut.

paragraph: Owsley's wife, Helen, died in August 1943. Owsley later remarried to Mary Gunn.

wikidata_label: Jack Owsley

wikipedia_title: Jack Owsley


text: professional baseball

text: infielder

text: Major League Baseball

text: Seattle Mariners

text: Philadelphia Phillies

text: Florida / Miami Marlins

text: Washington Nationals

text: third baseman

text: outfield

text: first base

text: Seattle Mariners

text: 1996 Major League Baseball draft

text: Long Beach State University

text: 1999 Major League Baseball draft

text: Houston Astros

text: average

text: hits

text: doubles

text: RBIs

text: steals

text: Seattle Mariners

text: free agent

text: Pat Gillick

text: spring training

text: Wes Helms

text: pinch hitter

text: at-bat

text: Jimmy Rollins

text: Lehigh Valley IronPigs

text: Plácido Polanco

text: Chase Utley

text: Florida Marlins

text: Washington Nationals

text: La Cañada Flintridge, California

text: Home run in first Major League at-bat

categories: Miami Marlins players,Long Beach State Dirtbags baseball players,Philadelphia Phillies players,Washington Nationals players,1978 births,San Antonio Missions players,Baseball players from California,Major League Baseball third basemen,Oklahoma Sooners baseball players,Sportspeople from Los Angeles,Seattle Mariners players,San Bernardino Stampede players,Living people,Tacoma Rainiers players,Peoria Javelinas players,Lehigh Valley IronPigs players,Florida Marlins players,Wisconsin Timber Rattlers players,Everett AquaSox players,Syracuse Chiefs players

paragraph: Greg Dobbs

paragraph: Gregory Stuart Dobbs (born July 2, 1978), is an American former professional baseball infielder, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners, Philadelphia Phillies, Florida / Miami Marlins, and Washington Nationals. While Dobbs was primarily a third baseman, he could also play the corner outfield positions and first base.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Dobbs graduated from Canyon Springs High School (CA) High School in June 1996. He was drafted by the Seattle Mariners in the 52nd round of the 1996 Major League Baseball draft, but opted to attend Riverside (CA) Community College instead. While at the Long Beach State University in , he was drafted in the 10th round of the 1999 Major League Baseball draft by the Houston Astros, but opted to stay in school. Dobbs led the Sooners as a senior in with a .438 average, 104 hits, 25 doubles, 62 RBIs and 12 steals, and graduated with a degree in sociology.

paragraph: Section::::Major leagues.

paragraph: Section::::Major leagues.:Seattle Mariners.

paragraph: Dobbs was signed by the Seattle Mariners as an amateur free agent on May 28, 2001.

paragraph: Section::::Major leagues.:Philadelphia Phillies.

paragraph: He was placed on waivers by the Mariners on January 15, 2007, and quickly claimed by former Mariners general manager (GM) Pat Gillick (then GM of the Philadelphia Phillies), who had previously drafted Dobbs while still with Seattle. After a strong 2007 spring training with the Phillies, Dobbs made the major league roster, platooning at third base with Wes Helms.

paragraph: Dobbs' great hitting gave him more starts in 2007. He was mainly used as a pinch hitter in the beginning of the season, but his clutch pinch hits and good at-bats while starting got him more playing time with the Phillies.

paragraph: Over 2007 and 2008, Dobbs led the majors in pinch-hit RBIs. In 2007, he finished in first place with 18 pinch-hit RBIs, the most in the major leagues. In 2008, his pinch-hitting prowess continued as he led the majors with 22 pinch hits and a .355 batting average while finishing second among pinch hitters with 16 RBIs.

paragraph: Dobbs struggled to replicate his 2008 season in 2009, hitting just .247 with 5 home runs and 20 RBIs. In the 2010 season, Dobbs batted .152 before the Phillies designated him for assignment on June 22 to activate Jimmy Rollins from the disabled list. He cleared waivers and began to play for the Lehigh Valley IronPigs. After appearing in four games for Lehigh Valley, Dobbs was recalled to the major leagues, where he replaced Plácido Polanco, who was placed on the disabled list. On August 17, he was designated for assignment when the Phillies removed Chase Utley from the 15-day disabled list. On September 3 Dobbs was recalled from Lehigh Valley.

paragraph: Section::::Major leagues.:Florida/Miami Marlins.

paragraph: On January 31, 2011, Dobbs signed a minor league contract with the Florida Marlins with an invite to spring training. He made it in the 25-man roster for the 2011 season. He was designated for assignment on April 29, 2014. He was released on May 6.

paragraph: Section::::Major leagues.:Washington Nationals.

paragraph: On May 12, 2014, Dobbs signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals. His contract was selected on May 16, 2014, and he was added to the active roster.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Dobbs resides in La Cañada Flintridge, California, with his wife Heidi. He also has a daughter, Taylor, born December 20, 2006. He is pursuing a degree in business during the Major League Baseball offseason.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Home run in first Major League at-bat

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Greg Dobbs

wikipedia_title: Greg Dobbs


text:
French
numismatic
Marly
Versailles
Plainville
Picardy
Archduke Charles of Austria
Louis XIV
Duke of Anjou
Wars of the Spanish Succession
Pontchartrain
Count of Toulouse
Maurepas
Bonnie Prince Charlie
Louis XV
Cornell University
Louis XVI
Louis Quinze
Bibliothèque Nationale de France
Paris
numismatics
Eckhel
Khell
Barthélemy
Swinton
Abbé Leblond
Michel-Richard Delalande
Louis XIV
motet
Arnaud I de La Porte
Quebec
Leeward Islands
Haiti
Arnaud II de La Porte
Civil List
Mirabeau
guillotine
Louis XVIII
Louis-Mayeul Chaudon
Antoine-François Delandine

categories: 1684 births,1782 deaths,French numismatists

paragraph: Joseph Pellerin

paragraph: Joseph Pellerin (1684–1783) was a French Intendant-General of the Navy, first Commissioner of the Navy as well as a celebrated numismatic pioneer.

paragraph: Pellerin was born at Marly, near Versailles the 27 April 1684 and died 2 August 1783 at his château of Plainville in Picardy.

paragraph: Section::::Youth and career.

paragraph: In his youth his principal studies were in the modern and classical languages, which included French, English, Spanish, Italian, Arabic, Latin, Greek, Hebrew and Syriac as well as others, and it was to his precocious expertise in these that he owed his admission to the offices of the Ministry of the Marine (as the Navy was called in France) in 1706, where he became employed in correspondence. Having in 1709 succeeded (despite the previous failure of trained cryptographers) to decipher some coded letters seized from a Spanish frigate concerning the Archduke Charles of Austria (one of the pretenders to the Spanish throne, the other being Louis XIV's nephew the Duke of Anjou; this being the cause of the ongoing Wars of the Spanish Succession), by this astonishing feat he caught the attention of then Naval Minister Pontchartrain who named him cabinet secretary.

paragraph: He enjoyed similar favour in the succeeding ministries: under Louis XIV's legitimated son the Count of Toulouse he was named Commissioner of the Navy in 1718, and Maurepas elevated him to General Commissioner, and then First Commissioner. His detailed plans for the invasion of Britain to restore Bonnie Prince Charlie to the throne (and thus occupy British forces which were greatly hampering French colonial affairs), though supported by Maurepas went unexecuted by Louis XV (whether out of disregard, pique against Maurepas, personally, or for another reason remains in debate). They may be consulted in the Maurepas Papers at Cornell University.

paragraph: After a very successful career he sought an early retirement in 1745 citing health problems due to overwork. In fact he remained on as a greatly valued expert consultant for several years afterwards, his positions having gradually been formally assumed by his son Joseph Jr., who received letters-patent of nobility in recognition of two generations' of his family's service to the crown in 1740.

paragraph: Section::::Pioneer of numismatics.

paragraph: Pellerin Sr. thus eventually became free to follow his true passion, which was the study of ancient (principally Greek) coins. Tradition has it that he encouraged the sailors of the French Mediterranean Fleet to buy up such ancient coins as they found on offer throughout their range, which he guaranteed to buy back from them at double the purchase price. In this way he gradually accumulated what became the largest and most valuable collection of ancient Greek coins ever to be held in private hands to that date, amounting to 33,500 coins which he ultimately sold to Louis XVI in 1776 for £300,000 . This notable collection, housed in massive original marquetry and ormolu cases in the Louis Quinze style, still forms a nucleus of the collection of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France and may be viewed in the old buildings on the Rue de Richelieu in Paris to this day.

paragraph: Pellerin's study brought great advances to the science of numismatics. Through the publication of his enormous ten-volume catalogue of ancient Greek coins (Paris: Chez H. L. Guerin & L. F. Delatour, 1762–1778, 10 vol. in-4º. pl), which were in fact a catalogue raisonné of his own immense collection, he brought clarity to this muddied field by being the first to arrange the many thousands of issues geographically as well as chronologically. His identification of many puzzling pieces were a testimony to his rare powers of observation and perspicacity. He could be said to have cleared a path for the famous Eckhel. Such errors that slipped into his great work were later caught by Khell, Barthélemy (who was to negotiate the purchase of the collection for the King), Swinton and the Abbé Leblond.

paragraph: He grew progressively more blind from the time of his retirement from public service and was almost completely blind at the time of his death, a near-centenarian in 1782. He found, however, a way to turn this handicap to profit, working on the succeeding volumes of his opus by day as easily as by night, writing his text on a thin ribbon of paper that he pulled off one spool only to be wound back up onto another to be later transcribed by his secretary. His sense of touch became phenomenally acute and he was able to identify minor variants of certain coins by subtle tactile differences alone. The portrait displayed on the upper right side of this page, from the frontispiece to one of the volumes of his work shows him surrounded by some of his favourite coins and antiquities in 1780, when he was already over 98 years of age.

paragraph: Section::::Family and legacy.

paragraph: Pellerin married into another Versailles family in 1714 when he wed Marie-Anne, niece of Michel-Richard Delalande, court composer to Louis XIV and one of the great exponents of the French baroque motet, among his many other masterpieces. His daughter, also called Marie-Anne, married Arnaud I de La Porte (or De Laporte) in 1737 who later inherited the Pellerin offices after the premature death of Joseph Jr. The La Porte brothers were to prove very influential in the development of French colonial policy, particularly towards New France (Quebec), Arnaud's younger brother Jean-Baptiste de La Porte-Lalanne being named special envoy to Quebec to look into the civil administration and to check into some alleged financial irregularities there. He later went on to become Commissioner of the French Leeward Islands, and Saint Domingue (Haiti).

paragraph: Pellerin's grandson, Arnaud II de La Porte, after a brief stint as Minister of the Navy in 1789 became intendant of the Civil List in 1790. A close confidant of the beleaguered king, Louis XVI entrusted him with great sums of private money to be distributed toward the moderation of the rapidly radicalising revolutionary fervour. Despite a close collaboration with Mirabeau, and especially due to the latter's premature death, La Porte's efforts proved to be in vain, and he was arrested and convicted of treason against the Revolution becoming, on 23 August 1793 the second political victim of the guillotine. In a macabre gesture, his severed head was then presented to the King, imprisoned in the Temple, as a grisly birthday gift. His services and ultimate sacrifice were recalled during the restoration by the King's younger brother who had been crowned as Louis XVIII, and Pellerin's great-grandson Arnaud III de La Porte was created a baron in recognition, in 1822. That title remains in the family to this day.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Based on the "Dictionnaire Biographique Universel", article by Louis-Mayeul Chaudon and Antoine-François Delandine, translated with background interpolations and additions by R. Sekulovich.

description: French numismatist

wikidata_label: Joseph Pellerin

wikipedia_title: Joseph Pellerin


text:
American
professional baseball
pitcher
Major League Baseball
Milwaukee Brewers
Cincinnati Reds
Chinese Professional Baseball League
Town Creek, Alabama
Helena Brewers
West Virginia Power
Brevard County Manatees
Huntsville Stars
Nashville Sounds
Burke Badenhop
John Axford
Nashville Sounds
Cincinnati Reds
Chinese Professional Baseball League
New York Mets

wikipedia_title:
Americans
Professional baseball
Pitcher
Major League Baseball
Milwaukee Brewers
Cincinnati Reds
Chinese Professional Baseball League
Town Creek, Alabama
Helena Brewers
West Virginia Power
Brevard County Manatees
Huntsville Stars
Nashville Sounds
Burke Badenhop
John Axford
Nashville Sounds
Cincinnati Reds
Chinese Professional Baseball League
New York Mets

categories: Jacksonville State Gamecocks baseball players,Cincinnati Reds players,Las Vegas 51s players,West Virginia Power players,Living people,1986 births,Caribes de Anzoátegui players,Helena Brewers players,People from Town Creek, Alabama,Brevard County Manatees players,Baseball players from Alabama,Milwaukee Brewers players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Huntsville Stars players,Louisville Bats players,Nashville Sounds players,Somerset Patriots players

paragraph: Donovan Hand

paragraph: Donovan Hand (born April 20, 1986) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is currently a free agent. He has also played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Milwaukee Brewers and Cincinnati Reds and in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) for the Brother Elephants.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.:Milwaukee Brewers.

paragraph: Hand graduated from Hatton High School in Town Creek, Alabama and played college baseball at Jacksonville State University in Jacksonville, Alabama. He was drafted by the Brewers in the 14th round of the 2007 amateur entry draft. That year, he split time playing for their Rookie League Helena Brewers and Class A West Virginia Power. Hand split the 2008 season between the Class A-Advanced Brevard County Manatees and Double-A Huntsville Stars and continued with the Stars in 2009. In 2010 and 2011, Hand split his time between Huntsville and the Triple-A Nashville Sounds. In 2012, he stuck with the Sounds until being called up to the Brewers during the 2013 season.

paragraph: Hand made his MLB debut on May 26, 2013. And made his first career start on June 22, 2013. Hand threw 4 2/3 scoreless innings, and teammates Burke Badenhop, John Axford, Michael Gonzalez, and Francisco Rodriguez secured the shut out. Rodriguez notched the save, for save number 300 in his career. After appearing in 31 games (7 of those being starts), He was designated for assignment on February 7, 2014 to make room for Francisco Rodriguez on the 40-man roster and was later optioned to Triple-A. As of July 21, 2014, Hand is 1-6 with a 5.44 ERA in 39 appearances all in relief for the Nashville Sounds.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.:Cincinnati Reds.

paragraph: On January 15, 2015, Hand signed a minor league deal with the Cincinnati Reds.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.:Brother Elephants.

paragraph: Hand signed with the Brother Elephants of the Chinese Professional Baseball League for the 2016 season.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.:New York Mets.

paragraph: In March 2017, Hand signed a minor league contract with the New York Mets. He elected free agency on November 6, 2017.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Donovan Hand

wikipedia_title: Donovan Hand


text: Bishop of Hamilton

wikipedia_title: Roman Catholic Diocese of Hamilton, Ontario

categories: 1983 deaths,Year of birth missing,Canadian Roman Catholic bishops

paragraph: Paul Francis Reding

paragraph: Paul Francis Reding was Bishop of Hamilton from November 9, 1973 until his death on December 8, 1983. A secondary school in Milton, Ontario was named in his honour.

description: Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Paul Francis Reding

wikipedia_title: Paul Francis Reding


text:
South African
hereditary peer
Peerage of Scotland
Chief
Clan Murray
Europe
Atholl Highlanders
Queen Victoria
Blair Atholl
John Murray, 11th Duke of Atholl
Saasveld Forestry College
South African Infantry Corps
Transvaal Scottish Regiment
lieutenant
signage business
commissioned
Atholl Highlanders
lieutenant colonel
Duke of Atholl
Johannesburg
Marquess of Tullibardine
Louis Trichardt
Lord
Lady
Duiwelskloof
Mr
Marquess
His Grace

wikipedia_title:
Union of South Africa
Hereditary peer
Peerage of Scotland
Scottish clan chief
Clan Murray
Europe
Atholl Highlanders
Queen Victoria
Blair Atholl
John Murray, 11th Duke of Atholl
Saasveld Forestry College
South African Army Infantry Formation
Transvaal Scottish Regiment
Lieutenant
Signage
Officer (armed forces)
Atholl Highlanders
Lieutenant colonel
Duke of Atholl
Johannesburg
Duke of Atholl
Louis Trichardt
Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom
Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom
Modjadjiskloof
Mr.
Marquess
Grace (style)

categories: 1960 births,Officers of the Order of St John,Clan Murray chiefs,Dukes of Atholl,South African people of Afrikaner descent,Living people,South African people of Scottish descent

paragraph: Bruce Murray, 12th Duke of Atholl

paragraph: Bruce George Ronald Murray, 12th Duke of Atholl (born 6 April 1960) is a South African-born hereditary peer in the Peerage of Scotland and Chief of Clan Murray. As Duke of Atholl, he has the right to raise Europe's only legal private army, named the Atholl Highlanders (a unique privilege granted to his family by Queen Victoria after visiting Blair Atholl in 1844).

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: The elder son of John Murray, 11th Duke of Atholl and Margaret Yvonne "née" Leach (now styled the "Dowager Duchess of Atholl"), graduated from Jeppe High School for Boys Johannesburg in 1979. He was educated at Saasveld Forestry College before serving his two years' National Service with the South African Infantry Corps. He is currently a volunteer member of the Transvaal Scottish Regiment, holding the rank of lieutenant. Previously he managed a tea plantation, but then ran a signage business producing signs for commercial buildings. He was commissioned into the Atholl Highlanders in 2000, being appointed as lieutenant colonel. Upon the death of his father on 15 May 2012, he succeeded to all his father's titles, becoming the 12th Duke of Atholl.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: The Duke first married on 4 February 1984 in Johannesburg to Lynne Elizabeth Andrew (born Johannesburg, 7 June 1963) and they divorced in 2003.

paragraph: Together they had three children, two sons and one daughter:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Bruce John Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine (born in Louis Trichardt, 5 March 1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord David Nicholas George Murray (born in Louis Trichardt, 31 January 1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Nicole Murray (born in Duiwelskloof, 11 July 1987); married to Peter Piek.

paragraph: He married Charmaine Myrna (née du Toit) in 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Titles and styles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6 April 1960 – 27 February 1996: Mr Bruce Murray

paragraph: BULLET::::- 27 February 1996 – 15 May 2012: Marquess of Tullibardine

paragraph: BULLET::::- 15 May 2012 – present: His Grace The Duke of Atholl

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile, clanmurray.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile, burkespeerage.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bruce Murray, 12th Duke of Atholl

description: Scottish Clan chief

wikidata_label: Bruce Murray, 12th Duke of Atholl

wikipedia_title: Bruce Murray, 12th Duke of Atholl


text: Raby Castle

text: Durham

text: Alexander Neville

text: Archbishop of York

text: Battle of Neville's Cross

text: Sir Walter Manny

text: Aquitaine

text: Knight of the Garter

text: Admiral of the North

text: Genoa

text: Brittany

text: Scottish Marches

text: Lieutenant of Gascony

text: King

text: Newcastle upon Tyne

text: Durham Cathedral

text: Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland

text: Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy

text: Alnwick

text: Northumberland

text: Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland

text: William Deincourt, 3rd Baron Deincourt

text: Ralph de Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley

text: William Latimer, 4th Baron Latimer

text: John Neville, 6th Baron Latimer

text: Baron Percy

text: Inquisition Post Mortem

categories: Barons in the Peerage of England,Knights of the Garter,14th-century English Navy personnel,Neville family,1388 deaths,People of the Wars of Scottish Independence,1337 births

paragraph: John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville

paragraph: John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby, (c.1337 – 17 October 1388) was an English peer and soldier.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: John Neville, born at Raby Castle, Durham, between 1337 and 1340, was the eldest son of Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby, and Alice Audley. He had five brothers, including Alexander Neville, Archbishop of York, and four sisters.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Cokayne notes that Neville's public career was as active as his father's had been. He fought against the Scots at the Battle of Neville's Cross on 17 October 1346 as a captain under his father, was knighted about 1360 after a skirmish near Paris while serving under Sir Walter Manny, and fought in Aquitaine in 1366, and again in 1373-4.

paragraph: At his father's death on 5 August 1367 he succeeded to the title, and had livery of his lands in England and Scotland in October of that year.

paragraph: From 1367 on he had numerous commissions issued to him, and in 1368 served as joint ambassador to France. He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1369. In July 1370 he was appointed Admiral of the North, and in November of that year a joint commissioner to treat with Genoa. He was Steward of the King's Household in 1372, and in July of that year was part of an expedition to Brittany. For the next several years he served in Scotland and the Scottish Marches. In 1378 he had licence to fortify Raby Castle, and in June of the same year was in Gascony, where he was appointed Keeper of Fronsac Castle and Lieutenant of Gascony. He spent several years in Gascony, and was among the forces which raised the siege of Mortaigne in 1381. On his return to England he was again appointed Warden of the Marches. In May 1383 and March 1387 he was a joint commissioner to treat of peace with Scotland, and in July 1385 was to accompany the King to Scotland.

paragraph: Neville died at Newcastle upon Tyne on 17 October 1388. In his will he requested burial in Durham Cathedral by his first wife, Maud. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and issue.

paragraph: Neville married, before 1362, firstly, Maud Percy (d. before 18 February 1379), daughter of Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy of Alnwick, Northumberland, and Idoine de Clifford, daughter of Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford, by whom he had two sons and five daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Neville, 5th Baron Furnivall, who married Joan Furnival

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alice Neville, who married William Deincourt, 3rd Baron Deincourt. Note: Ralph Deincourt was 3rd Baron Deincourt, (see Deincourt Barons).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maud Nevile.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Idoine Neville.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleanor Neville, who married Ralph de Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Neville, who became a nun.

paragraph: After his first wife Maud's death in 1379 Neville married secondly, before 9 October 1381, Elizabeth Latimer (d. 5 November 1395), daughter of William Latimer, 4th Baron Latimer, by whom he had a son and a daughter:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Neville, 6th Baron Latimer (c.1382 – 10 December 1430), who married firstly, Maud Clifford (c.26 August 1446), daughter of Thomas de Clifford, 6th Baron de Clifford, whom he divorced before 1413x17, and by whom he had no issue. She married secondly, Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Neville, who married, before 27 May 1396, Sir Thomas Willoughby (died shortly before 20 August 1417) son of Robert Willoughby, 4th Baron Willoughby de Eresby (c.1348-50 – 9 August 1396), by whom she had one child, Sir John Willoughby (c.1400 – 24 February 1437).

paragraph: After Neville's death, his widow, Elizabeth, married, as his second wife, Robert Willoughby, 4th Baron Willoughby de Eresby (c.1348-50 – 9 August 1396), by whom she had a daughter, Margaret Willoughby.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baron Percy

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inquisition Post Mortem #725-750, dated 1388.

description: English peer and soldier

wikidata_label: John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby

wikipedia_title: John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville


text: Cardinal

text: Easton

text: Benedictine

text: Norwich

text: Gloucester College, Oxford

text: Simon Langham

text: Curia

text: John Wycliff

text: orthodoxy

text: Urban VI

text: Dean of York

text: Richard II

text: Anne of Bohemia

text: Westminster Abbey

text: Santa Cecilia in Trastevere

text: Boniface IX

text: Salisbury Cathedral

text: Marsilius of Padua

text: John of Jandun

text: William of Occam

text: Office for the Visitation of Our Lady

text: Birgitta of Sweden

text: Julian of Norwich

text: Alfonso of Jaen

text: Catherine of Siena

text: William Flete

text: Chiara Gambacorta

text: Website on Adam Easton

categories: 1397 deaths,English Benedictines,Deans of York,Year of birth missing,People from Norwich,English cardinals

paragraph: Adam Easton

paragraph: Adam Easton ( – 15 September 1397) was an English Cardinal, born at Easton in Norfolk.

paragraph: He joined the Benedictines at Norwich moving on to the Benedictine Gloucester College, Oxford where he became one of the most outstanding students of his generation, being especially proficient in Hebrew. He is known to have accompanied Simon Langham to Rome, then Montefiascone and Avignon and he held the post of socius in Langham's household. Being a man of learning and ability, he obtained a post in the Curia.

paragraph: He was instrumental in the attack and subsequent condemnation of John Wycliff and supporting Catholic orthodoxy in England. He was made a Cardinal by Urban VI, on 21 September 1381. On 7 March 1381 or 1382, he was nominated Dean of York. He arranged Richard II and Anne of Bohemia's wedding coronation in Westminster Abbey and probably composed the Liber Regalis. A document in the Abbey concerning the coronation offerings gives him as Cardinal of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere. In 1385 he was imprisoned at Nocera in Campania by Urban on a charge of conspiring with five other cardinals against the pope and was deprived of his cardinalate and deanery. With his fellow captives he was dragged across Italy arriving at Genoa in autumn 1385. Here the others were put to death but Adam was spared through the personal intervention of Richard II.

paragraph: The next pope, Boniface IX, restored his cardinalate on 18 December 1389. It has been suggested that for a time Easton returned to England. The Norwich Record Office documents the sending of the Cardinal's books by way of the Low Countries to Norwich for his use there. He retained benefices in England throughout this period, including Somersham, the deanery of York and a prebend in Salisbury Cathedral, which he subsequently exchanged for the living of Heygham (Heigham) in Norfolk.

paragraph: He wrote many works the most significant of which was a massive volume entitled the Defence of Ecclesiastical Power, of which only the prologue and first book survive. In it he defended the church's authority against the state, apparently attacking the views of Marsilius of Padua, John of Jandun and William of Occam and by implication, also refuting Wyclif's theology as false and erroneous. He was always courteous to his opponents, referring to them as 'men of great learning and abundance of sanctity'. A number of his other works still exist, as do some of the manuscripts of his library, which were shipped back to Norwich from Rome in six barrels, and he composed the Office for the Visitation of Our Lady. He also laboured for the canonisation of Birgitta of Sweden in 1391 with a structured refutation of a Perugian 'Devil's Advocate', in a document in which he defended women's visionary writings.

paragraph: He may have been Julian of Norwich's spiritual director, editing her Long Text "Showing of Love" in the same way that Birgitta of Sweden's spiritual director, Alfonso of Jaen, edited her "Revelationes". Alfonso became director to Catherine of Siena, whose confessor and executor was William Flete, the Cambridge-educated Augustinian Hermit of Lecceto, and to Chiara Gambacorta. Easton's Defense of St Birgitta echoes Alfonso of Jaen's Epistola Solitarii, and William Flete's Remedies against Temptations, all of which appear in Julian's text.

paragraph: He died at Rome, 15 September (according to others, 20 October) 1397. His tomb, constructed later, is in his Cardinalate Basilica of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrew Lee (2006), "The Most Ungrateful Englishman, The Life and Times of Adam Easton"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julia Bolton Holloway (2006), "Anchoress and Cardinal: Julian of Norwich and Adam Easton, O.S.B."

paragraph: BULLET::::- A.W. Pantin (1948) 'The English Church in the Fourteenth Century'

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website on Adam Easton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Essay on Julian of Norwich and Adam Easton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Adam Easton

wikipedia_title: Adam Easton


text:
British
art critic
librettist
London
Hampstead
North London Collegiate School
St Hugh's College, Oxford
John Piper
Fawley Bottom
Henley-on-Thames
Benjamin Britten
Alun Hoddinott
John Betjeman
Edward Piper
The Turn of the Screw
Benjamin Britten
Teatro La Fenice
Venice
Henry James
Owen Wingrave
Benjamin Britten
BBC
Death in Venice
Benjamin Britten
Aldeburgh Festival
Snape, Suffolk
Der Tod in Venedig
Thomas Mann
Malcolm Williamson
What the Old Man Does is Always Right
Alun Hoddinott
The Rajah's Diamond
Alun Hoddinott
The Trumpet Major
Alun Hoddinott
Piper family
Myfanwy Piper — Opera Libretti
Picture
National Portrait Gallery
London

categories: Women librettists,Piper family,Alumni of St Hugh's College, Oxford,English opera librettists,Women critics,English art critics,1997 deaths,1911 births,Benjamin Britten,20th-century women writers,Writers from London,English people of Welsh descent,People educated at North London Collegiate School,20th-century English writers

paragraph: Myfanwy Piper

paragraph: Mary "Myfanwy" Piper (; Welsh: ; 28 March 1911 – 18 January 1997) was a British art critic and opera librettist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mary Myfanwy Evans was born on 28 March 1911 into a Welsh family in London. Her father was a chemist in Hampstead, north London. She attended North London Collegiate School, where she won a scholarship to read English Language and Literature at St Hugh's College, Oxford.

paragraph: From 1935 to 1937, she edited the periodical "Axis" which was devoted to abstract art. She married the artist John Piper in 1937, and lived with him in rural surroundings at Fawley Bottom near Henley-on-Thames for much of her life.

paragraph: Between 1954 and 1973 she collaborated with the composer Benjamin Britten on several of his operas, and between 1977 and 1981 with composer Alun Hoddinott on most of his operatic works. She was a friend of the poet John Betjeman, who wrote several poems addressing her, such as "Myfanwy" and "Myfanwy at Oxford".

paragraph: She and John Piper had two sons and two daughters. Her elder son, painter Edward Piper, died before her.

paragraph: Myfanwy Piper died at her home in Fawley Bottom on 18 January 1997.

paragraph: Section::::Opera libretti.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Turn of the Screw", Benjamin Britten, 14 September 1954, Teatro La Fenice, Venice (based on the work of Henry James)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Owen Wingrave", Benjamin Britten, 16 May 1971, BBC (based on the work of Henry James)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Death in Venice", Benjamin Britten, 16 June 1973, Aldeburgh Festival, Snape, Suffolk (based on "Der Tod in Venedig" by Thomas Mann)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Easter", Malcolm Williamson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What the Old Man Does is Always Right", Alun Hoddinott, 1977

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rajah's Diamond", Alun Hoddinott, 1979

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Trumpet Major", Alun Hoddinott, 1981

paragraph: Section::::Play.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Seducer", Søren Kierkegaard play in two acts, based on Kierkegaard's "The Seducer’s Diary", 1843

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piper family

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Myfanwy Piper — Opera Libretti

paragraph: BULLET::::- Picture in the National Portrait Gallery, London

description: Librettist; art critic

wikidata_label: Myfanwy Piper

wikipedia_title: Myfanwy Piper


text:
O.Ir.
Picts
Beli
King of Alt Clut
Nechtan
Nennius
Historia Brittonum
Ecgfrith
Edwin
Deira
Dunnottar
Orcadian
Annals of Ulster
Dál Riata
Máel Dúin mac Conaill
Dundurn
Strathearn
Dunadd
Moray
Anglian
Battle of Dun Nechtain
Fife
Circinn
Abercorn
Annals of Ulster
Annals of Tigernach
Adomnán
abbot of Iona
Fraser, James E.
Woolf, Alex
Annals of Tigernach
Annals of Ulster
translated
Historia Brittonum
translated

categories: 7th-century births,Pictish monarchs,693 deaths

paragraph: Bridei III

paragraph: King Bridei III (or "Bridei m. Beli"; O.Ir.: "Bruide mac Bili") (616/628?–693) was king of the Picts from 672 until 693.

paragraph: Bridei may have been born as early as 616, but no later than the year 628. He was the son of Beli, King of Alt Clut. His claim to the Fortrean Kingship came through his paternal grandfather, King Nechtan of the Picts. Nennius' "Historia Brittonum" tells us that Bridei was King Ecgfrith's "fratruelis", i.e. maternal first cousin. Bridei's mother was probably a daughter of King Edwin of Deira.

paragraph: Bridei was one of the more expansionary and active of Fortrean monarchs. He attacked Dunnottar in 680/681, and campaigned against the Orcadian sub-kingdom in 682, a campaign so violent that the "Annals of Ulster" said that the Orkney Islands were "destroyed" by Bridei (""Orcades deletae sunt la Bruide""). It is also recorded that, in the following year, in 683, War broke out between the Scots of Dál Riata under Máel Dúin mac Conaill and Bridei's Picts. The Scots attacked Dundurn in Strathearn. Dundurn was Bridei's main powerbase in the south, a great 'nuclear' hilltop fortress.The Scots apparently did not take Dundurn, and Bridei backed up with an attack on Dunadd, the capital of Dal Riata. We do not know if Bridei took Dunadd, but the presence of Pictish-style carvings of that time period in Dunadd may mean that he took and occupied Dunadd. The lack of reputable contemporary sources of this conflict means that not much is known about the Scottish-Pict war of 683. But it is clear that, from his base in Fortriu (or Moray), Bridei was establishing his overlordship of the lands to the north, and those to the south, perhaps putting himself in a position to attack the Anglian possessions (or overlordship) which existed in the far south.

paragraph: It is very possible then that Bridei was regarded by Ecgfrith as his sub-king. The traditional interpretation is that Bridei severed this relationship, causing the invervention of Ecgfrith. This led to the famous Battle of Dun Nechtain in 685, in which the Anglo-Saxon army of Ecgfrith was annihilated. One Irish source reports that Bridei was "fighting for his grandfather's inheritance", suggesting that either Ecgfrith was challenging Bridei's kingship, or more likely given Bridei's earlier campaigns, that Bridei was seeking to recover the territories ruled by his grandfather in Fife and Circinn, but since taken by the English. The consequences of this battle were the expulsion of Northumbrians from southern Pictland (established through, for instance, the Anglian ""Bishopric of the Picts"" at Abercorn) and permanent Fortrean domination of the southern Pictish zone.

paragraph: Bridei's death is recorded by both the "Annals of Ulster" and the "Annals of Tigernach" under the year 693.

paragraph: Later traditions attributed a surviving lament for Bridei's death to Saint Adomnán, abbot of Iona.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fraser, James E., "The Battle of Dunnichen: 685" (Charleston, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Woolf, Alex, "Dun Nechtain, Fortriu and the Geography of the Picts", "Scottish Historical Review" 85(2006), 182–201.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Woolf, Alex, "Pictish matriliny reconsidered." "Innes Review" vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 147–167. ISSN 0020-157X

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Annals of Tigernach

paragraph: BULLET::::- Annals of Ulster (translated)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historia Brittonum (translated)

description: 7th-century king of the Picts

wikidata_label: Bridei III

wikipedia_title: Bridei III


text:
Helsingborg
Swedish
extreme metal
melodic death metal
Arch Enemy
Carnage
Furbowl
NonExist
Hearse
Carnage
Michael Amott
Furbowl
Max Thornell
Michael Amott
Michael Amott
Black Earth
Toy's Factory
Stigmata
Burning Bridges
Burning Japan Live 1999
NonExist
Johan Reinholdz
Andromeda
Matte Modin
Dark Funeral
Defleshed
Hearse
Mattias Ljung
Furbowl
Max Thornell
Dominion Reptilian
Hammerheart
Armageddon, Mon Amour
Candlelight Records
The Last Ordeal
In These Veins
Arch Enemy
Christopher Amott
Arch Enemy
Max And The Chainsaws 7" EP
The Day Man Lost - Demo
Infestation Of Evil - Demo
Those Shredded Dreams
The Autumn Years
Black Earth
Stigmata
Burning Bridges
Burning Japan Live 1999
Wages of Sin
Deus Deceptor
From My Cold Dead Hands
Throne Of Scars
Dominion Reptilian
Armageddon, Mon Amour
The Last Ordeal
In These Veins
Single Ticket To Paradise
Necrony
Manipulated Slaves
Legen Beltza
Synastry
Oceans of Sadness
Betrayer
Official Website
Official Arch Enemy Website
Encyclopaedia Metallum
Interview with Metal-Rules, August 2004

categories: Swedish male singers,People from Helsingborg,Arch Enemy members,21st-century Swedish singers,1970 births,Swedish heavy metal singers,Death metal musicians,Swedish people of Estonian descent,Living people,21st-century male singers

paragraph: Johan Liiva

paragraph: Johan Patrik Mattias Liiva (born 18 November 1970, in Helsingborg) is a Swedish extreme metal vocalist, most widely recognized as the founding vocalist of popular melodic death metal band Arch Enemy, as well as a former member of Carnage, Furbowl, and NonExist. He is currently working as vocalist with the band Hearse and with his former Arch Enemy bandmates in Black Earth.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Personal life.

paragraph: Johan Liiva is married to Alexandra Adler, who is of Ukrainian origin. The wedding ceremony was held in Ukraine on 14 October 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Carnage.

paragraph: Johan Liiva formed Carnage with his friend Michael Amott in 1988, and appeared on two demo tapes "The Day Man Lost" and "Infestation Of Evil", but left the band before their debut album was recorded in 1990. He went on to form Furbowl as a guitarist/vocalist, with Max Thornell on drums. The band released their debut album "Those Shredded Dreams" as a two piece on Step One Records in 1992. The album also featured guest solos on two songs by Michael Amott (who also produced the recording). Furbowl would add a guitarist, Nicklas Stenemo, and release their second full length "The Autumn Years" in 1994 on Black Mark Production, but the project folded soon after.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Arch Enemy.

paragraph: After the demise of Furbowl in the mid 1990s, Liiva once again teamed up with Michael Amott to form the band Arch Enemy in 1996. After releasing their first album "Black Earth" in Japan that same year, the album became a success, receiving airplay on Japan's MTV Rocks! and in 1998 Arch Enemy were invited to tour Japan, and sign a new deal with Toy's Factory records. Arch Enemy released "Stigmata" worldwide in 1998, and the band toured for the first time. In 1999, the band released "Burning Bridges", and "Burning Japan Live 1999", the latter proved to be Liiva's last album with Arch Enemy.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:After Arch Enemy.

paragraph: After parting ways with Arch Enemy in November 2000, Liiva went on to form the band NonExist with guitarist Johan Reinholdz (Andromeda), and drummer Matte Modin (Dark Funeral, Defleshed). The band only released one album, "Deus Deceptor", in 2002 before parting ways.

paragraph: Liiva soon formed the band Hearse, with Mattias Ljung on guitar and ex-Furbowl bandmate Max Thornell on drums. The band have been very active ever since, releasing "Dominion Reptilian" in 2003 on Hammerheart Records, "Armageddon, Mon Amour" in 2004 on Candlelight Records, "The Last Ordeal" in 2005 on Karmageddon Records, and "In These Veins" on Dental Records in 2006.

paragraph: Johan Liiva also was featured as guest vocalist on the Canadian Industrial Death Metal act Synastry's debut full length 'Blind Eyes Bleed' on the track 'Visions Of Anger' recorded in 2007 and to be released in 2008.

paragraph: On 10 October 2015 in Japan Johan Liiva along with former Arch Enemy guitarist Christopher Amott were special guests and performed in Arch Enemy as the original band lineup. They played 3 songs such as ""Bury Me an Angel"" , ""The Immortal"" and ""Fields Of Desolation"". ""Fields Of Desolation"" was performed by both original and newest lineup.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Max And The Chainsaws.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Max And The Chainsaws 7" EP" (1989)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Carnage.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Day Man Lost - Demo" (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Infestation Of Evil - Demo" (1989)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Furbowl.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Those Shredded Dreams" (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Autumn Years" (1994)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Arch Enemy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Earth" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stigmata" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Burning Bridges" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Burning Japan Live 1999" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wages of Sin" (Disc 2) (2001)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:NonExist.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deus Deceptor" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "From My Cold Dead Hands" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Throne Of Scars" (2015)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Hearse.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dominion Reptilian" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Armageddon, Mon Amour" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Last Ordeal" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In These Veins" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Single Ticket To Paradise" (2009)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Guest appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Necrony — vocals on "Pathological Performances" (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Birdflesh — "Alive Autopsy/Trip To The Grave" (2001/2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manipulated Slaves — backing screams on "The Legendary Black Jade" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Legen Beltza — vocals on "Dimension Of Pain" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Synastry — vocals on track "Visions of Anger" from album "Blind Eyes Bleed" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oceans of Sadness — on track "In The End" from album "The Arrogance of Ignorance" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Betrayer - on track "In My Heart" from the album "Too Loud" (2013)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Arch Enemy Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encyclopaedia Metallum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Metal-Rules, August 2004

description: Swedish singer

wikidata_label: Johan Liiva

wikipedia_title: Johan Liiva


text: Belgian

text: internal combustion engine

text: De Rivaz engine

text: Luxembourg

text: Belgian

text: Province of Luxembourg

text: Paris

text: electroplating

text: electric telegraph

text: coal gas

text: air

text: ignition system

text: Ruhmkorff coil

text: Philippe LeBon

text: Hippomobile

text: hydrogen gas

text: Paris

text: Joinville-le-Pont

text: "franc"s

text: Scientific American

text: London

text: petroleum

text: carburettor

text: Joinville-le-Pont

text: Tsar

text: Alexander II

text: motorboat

text: Ligroin

text: Jules Verne

text: Paris in the Twentieth Century

text: Nikolaus Otto

text: Franco-Prussian War

text: Franco-Prussian War

text: Légion d'honneur

text: telegraph

text: Automobile Club de France

text: Lenoir cycle

text: Timeline of hydrogen technologies

text: G.N. Georgano

text: image of Lenoir

text: Etienne Lenoir at Find A Grave

categories: French engineers,Belgian engineers,Belgian inventors,Automotive pioneers,1822 births,French inventors,1900 deaths

paragraph: Étienne Lenoir

paragraph: Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir also known as Jean J. Lenoir (12 January 1822 – 4 August 1900) was a Belgian engineer who developed the internal combustion engine in 1858. Prior designs for such engines were patented as early as 1807 (De Rivaz engine), but none were commercially successful. Lenoir's engine was commercialized in sufficient quantities to be considered a success, a first for the internal combustion engine.

paragraph: He was born in Mussy-la-Ville (then in Luxembourg, part of the Belgian Province of Luxembourg since 1839). In 1838, he emigrated to France, taking up residence in Paris, where he developed an interest in electroplating. His interest in the subject led him to make several electrical inventions, including an improved electric telegraph.

paragraph: Section::::Lenoir engine.

paragraph: By 1859, Lenoir's experimentation with electricity led him to develop the first internal combustion engine which burned a mixture of coal gas and air ignited by a "jumping sparks" ignition system by Ruhmkorff coil, and which he patented in 1860. The engine was a steam engine converted to burn gaseous fuel and thus pushed in both directions. The fuel mixture was not compressed before ignition (a system invented in 1801 by Philippe LeBon who developed the use of illuminating gas to light Paris), and the engine was quiet but inefficient, with a power stroke at each end of the cylinder. In 1863, the Hippomobile, with a hydrogen gas fueled, one cylinder, internal combustion engine, made a test drive from Paris to Joinville-le-Pont: top speed about 9 km in ~3 hours.

paragraph: Lenoir was an engineer at Petiene et Cie (Petiene & Company), who supported him in his founding of the companies of "Corporation Lenoir-Gautier et Cie engines Paris" and "Société des Moteurs Lenoir " in Paris in 1859, with a capitalization of two million "franc"s and a factory in the "Rue de la Roquette", to develop the engine, and a three-wheeled carriage constructed to use it. Although it ran reasonably well, the engine was fuel inefficient, extremely noisy, tended to overheat, and, if sufficient cooling water was not applied, seize up. Nevertheless, "Scientific American" reported, in September 1860, that the Parisian newspaper "Cosmos" had pronounced the steam age over. By 1865, 143 had been sold in Paris alone, and production of Lenoir Gas Engines, by Reading Gas Works in London, had begun.

paragraph: Lenoir had completed work on his engine in 1859 and had a grand unveiling on January 23, 1860, for twenty guests. In his speech he said, "If it works, I will add carburetor heating, at a constant level, which will allow the use of petrol, or gasoline, or tar, or any resin". He turned on the illuminating gas valve, pushed the flywheel, and the engine came to life. In 1860, Lenoir received a patent for "an air motor expanded by gas combustion" from Conservatoire National Des Arts Et Métiers, no. N.43624

paragraph: Section::::Lenoir's automobiles.

paragraph: Dates vary from 1860 to 1863 on when Lenoir built his automobiles. It is apparent that he built a small carriage with his engine around 1860. His automobile of 1862 was capable of 3 kilometers per hour.

paragraph: In 1861, he put one of his engines in a boat.

paragraph: In 1863, Lenoir demonstrated a second three-wheeled carriage, the Hippomobile, little more than a wagon body set atop a tricycle platform. It was powered by a 2543 cc (155 in; 180×100 mm, 7.1×3.9in) 1.5 hp, "liquid hydrocarbon" (petroleum) engine with a primitive carburettor which was patented in 1886. It successfully covered the 11 km (7 mi) from Paris to Joinville-le-Pont and back in about ninety minutes each way, an average speed less than that of a walking man (though doubtless there were breakdowns). This succeeded in attracting the attention of Tsar Alexander II, and one was sent to Russia, where it vanished; Lenoir was not pleased. In 1863, he sold his patents to and turned to motorboats, instead, building a naptha (Ligroin) fueled four-cycle in 1888. Jules Verne wrote in his 1863 novel Paris in the Twentieth Century of boulevards crowded with horseless carriages, "the Lenoir machine applied to locomotion."

paragraph: Section::::Stationary engines.

paragraph: Most applications of the Lenoir engine were as a stationary power plant powering printing presses, water pumps, and machine tools. They "proved to be rough and noisy after prolonged use", however. Other engineers, especially Nikolaus Otto, began making improvements on internal combustion technology, which soon rendered the Lenoir design obsolete. Less than 500 Lenoir engines of between 6 and 20 hp were built, including some under license in Germany.

paragraph: Section::::Electrical engineering.

paragraph: In 1865, Lenoir returned to electrical engineering. He developed a new type of automatic telegraph device that could send information in written form. This device was of great value during the Franco-Prussian War. He also installed an improved version of his engine in a 12 meter long boat for a Mr. Dalloz who used it on the Seine for two years.

paragraph: Section::::French citizenship.

paragraph: Lenoir was granted French citizenship in 1870 for assistance during the Franco-Prussian War, and awarded the "Légion d'honneur" in 1881 (not for the engine, but for developments in telegraphy). Lenoir's later years were impoverished despite his engine's success.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: On July 16, 1900, not long before his death, Lenoir received an award from the ACF (Automobile Club de France), which was a vermeil plate with the inscription, ""In recognition of his great merits as an inventor of the gas engine and builder of the first car in the world.""

paragraph: Lenoir died in La Varenne-Sainte-Hilaire on 4 August 1900.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lenoir cycle

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of the internal combustion engine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of hydrogen technologies

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- G.N. Georgano "Cars: Early and Vintage 1886–1930". London: Grange-Universal, 1990 (reprints AB Nordbok 1985 edition). .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wise, David Burgess, "Lenoir: The Motoring Pioneer" in Ward, Ian, executive editor. "The World of Automobiles", p. 1181–2. London: Orbis Publishing, 1974.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- image of Lenoir

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of the Motor Vehicle at newreg.co.uk

paragraph: BULLET::::- Etienne Lenoir at Find A Grave

description: Belgian engineer

wikidata_label: Étienne Lenoir

wikipedia_title: Étienne Lenoir