text:
Mishima
Júbilo Iwata
J.League Cup
J1 League
Asian Club Championship
1999–00
2000–01 Asian Club Championship
Boca Juniors
J1 League
Hamburger SV
hat-trick
Bundesliga
Alemannia Aachen
Urawa Reds
Volker Finke
Suwon Samsung Bluewings
South Korea
K League 1
Gwangju FC
FC Seoul
Shimizu S-Pulse
J2 League
Tokyo Verdy
J3 League
SC Sagamihara
judo
Tadahiro Nomura
Okinawa SV
Japan U-17 national team
1995 U-17 World Championship
Japan U-20 national team
1999 World Youth Championship
Japan national team
2000 Asian Cup qualification
Singapore
2000 Asian Cup
Japan U-23 national team
2000 Summer Olympics
2000 Asian Cup
2002 World Cup
home country
South Korea
venous thrombosis
2003 Confederations Cup
2006 World Cup
2007 Asian Cup
Argentine First Division
Bundesliga
Yasuhiko Okudera
Kazuo Ozaki
2007 AFC Asian Cup
Ivica Osim
Yoshikatsu Kawaguchi
Intertoto Cup
FIFA World Youth Championship
1999
AFC U-17 Championship
1994
AFC Asian Cup
2000
AFC Champions League
1998–99
Asian Super Cup
J1 League
DFB-Ligapokal
UEFA Intertoto Cup
2005
AFC U-19 Championship
AFC Asian Cup
2000
J.League Most Valuable Player
J.League Top Scorer
J.League Best XI
AFC Asian Cup top scorer
2007
Japan National Football Team Database
footballdatabase.com
Yahoo! Sports UK

categories: Okinawa SV players,Tokyo Verdy players,1979 births,Japan youth international footballers,Bundesliga players,Argentine Primera División players,AFC Asian Cup-winning players,Olympic footballers of Japan,Shimizu S-Pulse players,Footballers at the 1998 Asian Games,Boca Juniors footballers,Expatriate footballers in Germany,Suwon Samsung Bluewings players,Eintracht Frankfurt players,Japanese expatriate footballers,Japanese footballers,Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics,2006 FIFA World Cup players,Júbilo Iwata players,J.League MVPs,Japan international footballers,Living people,2000 AFC Asian Cup players,K League 1 players,SC Sagamihara players,J2 League players,J3 League players,Expatriate footballers in Argentina,Urawa Red Diamonds players,Japanese expatriate sportspeople in South Korea,Expatriate footballers in South Korea,Hamburger SV players,Association football forwards,J1 League players,Sportspeople from Shizuoka Prefecture,Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Germany,2007 AFC Asian Cup players,2003 FIFA Confederations Cup players

paragraph: Naohiro Takahara

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Takahara was born in Mishima in June 4, 1979. After graduating from high school, he joined Júbilo Iwata in 1998. In 1998, the club won J.League Cup and he was elected New Hero awards. In 1999, the club won J1 League and Asian Club Championship. The club also won the 2nd place 1999–00 and 2000–01 Asian Club Championship. In August 2001, he moved to Boca Juniors on loan.

paragraph: In 2002, he returned to Júbilo Iwata. The club went on to win the J1 League, while Takahara became the top scorer and was elected Most Valuable Player of the year. End of 2002 season, he moved to Hamburger SV. On December 3, 2006, he scored his first hat-trick in the German Bundesliga in a league game against Alemannia Aachen.

paragraph: In January 2008 he moved to Urawa Reds for a transfer fee of around ¥180 million (around $1.7 million). Due to a disagreement with the style of coach Volker Finke, who had taken over as coach of Urawa in 2009, Takahara was leased to Suwon Samsung Bluewings of the South Korean K League 1 in July of the following year. On July 31, 2010, he made his debut as a substitute for the 39th minute of the match against Gwangju FC. On 29 August, he scored a goal in the 39th minute of the second half of the game against FC Seoul. He helped victorious game 4-2 and won the MVP in this game.

paragraph: In 2011, he returned to Japan and signed with Shimizu S-Pulse. After that, he played for J2 League club Tokyo Verdy (2013–14) and J3 League club SC Sagamihara (2014–15). In December 2015, along with legendary Japanese judoka Tadahiro Nomura, Takahara founded Okinawa SV. He served as president as well as playing manager for the club.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: In August 1995, Takahara was elected Japan U-17 national team for 1995 U-17 World Championship. He played all 3 matches and scored 1 goal. In April 1999, he was also elected Japan U-20 national team for 1999 World Youth Championship. He played all 7 matches and scored 3 goals. Japan won the 2nd place. In February 2000, he was elected Japan national team for 2000 Asian Cup qualification. At this qualification, on February 13, he debuted against Singapore. He played all 3 matches and 3 goals and Japan won the qualify for 2000 Asian Cup.

paragraph: In September, he was elected Japan U-23 national team for 2000 Summer Olympics. He played all 4 matches and scored 3 goals in first match and quarterfinal. In October, he played at 2000 Asian Cup. He played 5 matches and scored 5 goals. Japan won the champions. However he missed the 2002 World Cup, co-hosted by his home country and South Korea, because of lung disease (venous thrombosis).

paragraph: After 2002 World Cup, Takahara played at 2003 Confederations Cup. Although his convocation for Japan decreased due to the schedule, he played as regular player when he was elected Japan. In 2006, he was elected Japan for 2006 World Cup and he played all 3 matches. After 2006 World Cup, he played at 2007 Asian Cup. He played 6 matches and scored 4 goals, and became a top scorer. He played 57 games and scored 23 goals for Japan until 2008.

paragraph: Section::::Facts.

paragraph: BULLET::::- His goals and performances were celebrated by Eintracht supporters by singing to the melody of Gala's "Freed from desire". After successful matches Takahara often joined the faithful to jump up and down the same way.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Takahara was the first Japanese player to play in the Argentine First Division league.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Takahara is the third Japanese to play in Bundesliga after Yasuhiko Okudera and Kazuo Ozaki.

paragraph: Section::::Asian Cup 2007.

paragraph: Takahara finished top scorer after an impressive performance at the 2007 AFC Asian Cup. He scored against Qatar in the first match, who Japan tied 1-1. Japan won the next match, against United Arab Emirates and Takahara impressed coach Ivica Osim with two goals. In the quarterfinal match against rivals Australia, Takahara scored the tying goal and sent the game to penalty kicks. Although Takahara

paragraph: missed his spot-kick, heroic saves from goalkeeper Yoshikatsu Kawaguchi sent Japan through into the semifinals, where they lost to Saudi Arabia 2-3.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.:Club.

paragraph: "* Includes Intertoto Cup"

paragraph: Section::::Honors and awards.

paragraph: Section::::Honors and awards.:Club.

paragraph: BULLET::::- FIFA World Youth Championship Runner-Up: 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- AFC U-17 Championship: 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- AFC Asian Cup: 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- AFC Champions League: 1998–99

paragraph: BULLET::::- Asian Super Cup: 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- J1 League: 1999, 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- DFB-Ligapokal: 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2005

paragraph: Section::::Honors and awards.:Individual.

paragraph: BULLET::::- AFC U-19 Championship top scorer: 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- AFC Asian Cup Best Eleven: 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- Selected to AFC All Star Team: 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- J.League Most Valuable Player: 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- J.League Top Scorer: 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- J.League Best XI: 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- AFC Asian Cup top scorer: 2007

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Japan National Football Team Database

paragraph: BULLET::::- footballdatabase.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yahoo! Sports UK

description: Japanese footballer

wikidata_label: Naohiro Takahara

wikipedia_title: Naohiro Takahara


text: advocate

text: Dean of the Faculty of Advocates

text: Lord Advocate

text: Lord Chancellor

text: House of Lords

text: Conservative

text: Edinburgh

text: railway signalman

text: Tarbet

text: Sutherland

text: George Heriot's School

text: University of Edinburgh

text: University of St Andrews

text: Trinity College, Cambridge

text: Faculty of Advocates

text: Queen's Counsel

text: Dean

text: Lord Advocate

text: life peer

text: territorial designation

text: Halsbury's Laws of England

text: The Trinity Forum

text: Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland

text: elder

text: Roman Catholic

text: funeral mass

text: Charles Ritchie Russell

text: John Wheatley

text: Associated Presbyterian Church

text: Faculty of Advocates

text: sabbatarian

text: Knight of the Thistle

text: Queen Elizabeth II

text: Lord Clerk Register

text: David Charteris, 12th Earl of Wemyss

text: The Royal Society of Edinburgh

text: Trinity College, Cambridge

text: Heriot-Watt University

text: University of Bath

text: Northumbria University

categories: Lord Chancellors of Great Britain,Senators of the College of Justice,Lord Advocates,1927 births,Fellows of Girton College, Cambridge,Scottish Queen's Counsel,People educated at George Heriot's School,Deans of the Faculty of Advocates,Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council,Conservative Party (UK) life peers,Lords High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland,Alumni of the University of Edinburgh,Living people,Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge,Scottish Presbyterians,Academics of the University of St Andrews,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,People from Edinburgh,Knights of the Thistle

paragraph: James Mackay, Baron Mackay of Clashfern

paragraph: James Peter Hymers Mackay, Baron Mackay of Clashfern, (born 2 July 1927) is a British advocate. He served as Dean of the Faculty of Advocates, Lord Advocate, and Lord Chancellor (1987–1997). He is an active member of the House of Lords where he sits as a Conservative.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Mackay was born in Edinburgh, the son of railway signalman James Mackay (who came from Claisfearn near Tarbet in Sutherland) and his wife Janet Hymers. He won a scholarship to George Heriot's School, and then studied mathematics and physics at the University of Edinburgh, receiving a joint MA in 1948. He taught mathematics for two years at the University of St Andrews before moving to Trinity College, Cambridge on a scholarship, from which he obtained a BA in mathematics in 1952. He then returned to Edinburgh University where he studied law, receiving an LLB (with distinction) in 1955.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Mackay was elected to the Faculty of Advocates in 1955. He was appointed a Queen's Counsel in 1965. He was Sheriff Principal for Renfrew and Argyll from 1972 to 1974. In 1973 he became Vice-Dean of the Faculty on Advocates and from 1976 until 1979 served as its Dean, the leader of the Scots bar.

paragraph: In 1979, Mackay was appointed Lord Advocate, the senior law officer in Scotland, and was created a life peer as Baron Mackay of Clashfern, of Eddrachillis in the District of Sutherland, taking his territorial designation from his father's birthplace, a cottage beside Loch na Claise Fearna. Since his retirement, Mackay has sat in the House of Lords and was Commissary to the University of Cambridge until 2016. He is the Editor-in-Chief of "Halsbury's Laws of England", the major legal work which states the law of England, first published in 1907; the post is usually held by a former Lord Chancellor. He is also a Senior Fellow of The Trinity Forum, a Christian nonprofit that supports the renewal of society through the development of leaders.

paragraph: Section::::Religion.

paragraph: Mackay was raised a member of the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland; as an adult he was an elder of the church. The church forbids its members to attend Roman Catholic religious services; nevertheless Mackay attended two Catholic funeral masses for members of the judiciary (for Charles Ritchie Russell in 1986, and again for John Wheatley in 1988). Following the second mass Mackay was called before a church synod where he denied that he had broken the church's prohibition of showing "support for the doctrine of Roman Catholicism", saying "I went there purely with the purpose of paying my respects to my dead colleagues." The church suspended Mackay from the eldership and from membership. The synod met again in Glasgow in 1989 to review the decision; the meeting asked Mackay to undertake not to attend further Catholic services, but he announced "I have no intention of giving any such undertaking as that for which the synod has asked", and later withdrew from the church. The dispute precipitated a schism, leading to the formation of the Associated Presbyterian Church. Mackay did not, however, initially join the new communion, but now worships with their Inverness congregation.

paragraph: As a Presbyterian, Mackay was a firm believer in moderation. At a gathering for the Faculty of Advocates, Mackay had laid on a spread of tea and toast, complete with a tiny pot of honey. One of the lawyers in attendance contemplated the pot and remarked, "I see your Lordship keeps a bee." Mackay is also the Honorary President of the Scottish Bible Society. He supported the society's programme to send a Bible to every court in Scotland and wrote in support of "The Bible in Scots Law", a pamphlet it distributed to Scottish lawyers which described the Bible as a "foundational source book for Scotland's legal system". He is a strict sabbatarian, refusing to work or travel on a Sunday, or even to give an interview if there is a chance it could be rebroadcast on the sabbath.

paragraph: Section::::Honours and styles.

paragraph: Section::::Honours and styles.:Honours.

paragraph: Mackay was appointed a Knight of the Thistle by the Queen Elizabeth II on 27 November 1997. In 2007 the Queen appointed Lord Mackay to the office of Lord Clerk Register, replacing David Charteris, 12th Earl of Wemyss. Mackay became a Fellow of The Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1984. In 1989, Mackay was elected Honorary Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Mackay also received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1990 He was awarded an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Laws) by the University of Bath in 1994 and by Northumbria University in 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Honours and styles.:Styles of address.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19271965: Mr James Mackay

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19651979: Mr James Mackay

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19791997: The Rt Hon The Lord Mackay of Clashfern

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: The Rt Hon The Lord Mackay of Clashfern

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Mackay of Clashfern – Jurist, Reformer und Staatsmann

paragraph: BULLET::::- Merk, "Lord Mackay of Clashfern", Bonner Rechtsjournal, Sonderausgabe 1/2012, S. 28 ff.

description: Lord Chancellor, 1987-1997

wikidata_label: James Mackay, Baron Mackay of Clashfern

wikipedia_title: James Mackay, Baron Mackay of Clashfern


text: Soviet

text: set theory

text: topology

text: Alexandroff compactification

text: Alexandrov topology

text: Moscow State University

text: Dmitri Egorov

text: Nikolai Luzin

text: Pavel Urysohn

text: University of Göttingen

text: Steklov Mathematical Institute

text: Luzin affair

text: Aleksandr Kurosh

text: Lev Pontryagin

text: Andrey Tychonoff

text: Russian Academy of Sciences

text: Andrey Kolmogorov

text: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

text: Hero of Socialist Labour

text: Stalin Prize

text: Order of Lenin

text: Order of the October Revolution

text: Order of the Red Banner of Labour

text: Order of the Badge of Honour

text: The 1936 Luzin affair

text: MacTutor History of Mathematics archive

categories: Moscow State University faculty,People from Noginsk,1896 births,Recipients of the Order of Lenin,Soviet mathematicians,Imperial Moscow University alumni,Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences,Heroes of Socialist Labour,1982 deaths,Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences,20th-century Russian mathematicians,Stalin Prize winners

paragraph: Pavel Alexandrov

paragraph: Pavel Sergeyevich Alexandrov (), sometimes romanized "Paul Alexandroff" (7 May 1896 – 16 November 1982), was a Soviet mathematician. He wrote about three hundred papers, making important contributions to set theory and topology.

paragraph: In topology, the Alexandroff compactification and the Alexandrov topology are named after him.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Alexandrov attended Moscow State University where he was a student of Dmitri Egorov and Nikolai Luzin. Together with Pavel Urysohn, he visited the University of Göttingen in 1923 and 1924. After getting his Ph.D. in 1927, he continued to work at Moscow State University and also joined the Steklov Mathematical Institute.

paragraph: In 1936, Alexandrov was an active participant in the political offensive against his peer Luzin which is known as the Luzin affair. He had a number of students, including Aleksandr Kurosh, Lev Pontryagin and Andrey Tychonoff. He was made a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1953.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Personal life.

paragraph: Alexandrov made lifelong friends with Andrey Kolmogorov, about whom

paragraph: he said: "In 1979 this friendship [with Kolmogorov] celebrated its fiftieth anniversary and over the whole of this half century there was not only never any breach in it, there was also never any quarrel, in all this time there was never any misunderstanding between us on any question, no matter how important for our lives and our philosophy; even when our opinions on one of these questions differed, we showed complete understanding and sympathy for the views of each other."

paragraph: According to some researchers, the two were involved in a homosexual relationship in the 1930s, while others deny this and suppose that this rumour was spread in the 1950s in order to rehabilitate them as the participants of the Luzin affair. Some authors claim that he was pressured to denounce Luzin and later Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn in order to prevent official notice of his lifelong homosexual relationship with Kolmogorov.

paragraph: Section::::Honours and awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hero of Socialist Labour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stalin Prize

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Lenin, six times (1946, 1953, 1961, 1966, 1969 and 1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of the October Revolution

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of the Red Banner of Labour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of the Badge of Honour

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexandroff P., Hopf H. Topologie Bd.1 — B: , 1935

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 1936 Luzin affair – from the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lorentz G.G., Mathematics and Politics in the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kutateladze S.S., The Tragedy of Mathematics in Russia

alias:
Pavel Alexandrov
Pavel Sergeevich Aleksandrov
Pavel S. Aleksandrov
Aleksandrov Pavel Sergeevich
Alexandroff, Paul
Alexandroff, Pavel
Alexandroff, P.S.

description: Russian mathematician

wikidata_label: Pavel Aleksandrov

wikipedia_title: Pavel Alexandrov


text: tennis

text: Pro Slam

text: Grand Slam

text: ranked world No. 1

text: Sports Illustrated

text: Bud Collins

text: Exposition Park

text: Los Angeles

text: Los Angeles Tennis Club

text: Jack Kramer

text: Perry T. Jones

text: Pancho Segura

text: Ken Rosewall

text: Rod Laver

text: Tony Trabert

text: Gussie Moran

text: United States Championships

text: Forest Hills

text: Gardnar Mulloy

text: Pacific Southwest

text: Jaroslav Drobný

text: Bob Falkenburg

text: Frank Parker

text: Ted Schroeder

text: Ted Schroeder

text: United States Championships

text: Eric Sturgess

text: serve-and-volley

text: Wimbledon

text: Geoff Brown

text: Frank Parker

text: Gorgonzola

text: Jack Kramer

text: Ted Schroeder

text: Davis Cup

text: Bobby Riggs

text: Jack Kramer

text: Bobby Riggs

text: Dinny Pails

text: Frank Parker

text: Don Budge

text: Philadelphia Inquirer

text: Welby Van Horn

text: Frank Sedgman

text: Grand Slam

text: Ken McGregor

text: Australian Open

text: Carl Earn

text: Tony Trabert

text: Ken Rosewall

text: Lew Hoad

text: Mal Anderson

text: Ashley Cooper

text: United States Professional Championship

text: Wembley

text: Tournament of Champions

text: serve-and-volley

text: Allen Fox

text: United States Professional Championship

text: Forest Hills

text: Ken Rosewall

text: Rod Laver

text: Tony Trabert

text: Ken Rosewall

text: Lew Hoad

text: backhand

text: Jack Kramer

text: Madison Square Garden

text: open era

text: Grand Slam

text: Rod Laver

text: Grand Slam

text: Mark Cox

text: British Hard Court Championships

text: Bournemouth

text: 1968 French Open

text: Roy Emerson

text: 1968 Wimbledon

text: Tony Roche

text: 1968 US Open

text: Tom Okker

text: tie break

text: Charlie Pasarell

text: Arthur Ashe

text: Isner–Mahut match at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships

text: Roy Emerson

text: major

text: French Championships

text: 1968 French Open

text: Ken Rosewall

text: Pacific Southwest Open

text: John Newcombe

text: Stan Smith

text: Cliff Richey

text: Arthur Ashe

text: Rod Laver

text: USLTA Indoor Circuit

text: Georges Goven

text: Jimmy Connors

text: Caesars Palace

text: Queen's Club Championships

text: John Paish

text: International Tennis Hall of Fame

text: Newport, Rhode Island

text: California State University, Los Angeles

text: Mexican state

text: Chihuahua

text: pachuco

text: Pancho Segura

text: hoi polloi

text: González

text: Spalding

text: Las Vegas Strip

text: Sports Illustrated

text: Miss Rheingold of 1958

text: Andre Agassi

text: Mike Agassi

text: stomach cancer

text: Las Vegas

text: Robert Redford

text: Bill Tilden

text: Open Era

text: Rod Laver

text: Jimmy Connors

text: Björn Borg

text: John McEnroe

text: Pete Sampras

text: Rafael Nadal

text: Novak Djokovic

text: Roger Federer

text: World No. 1

text: tennis

text: World number one male tennis player rankings

text: Pancho Segura

text: Gene Scott

text: Bud Collins

text: International Tennis Hall of Fame

text: Mal Anderson

text: Ashley Cooper

text: Frank Sedgman

text: Ellsworth Vines

text: Don Budge

text: Northern California

text: Bud Collins

text: Q&A with the Aussies

categories: Wimbledon champions (pre-Open Era),1995 deaths,Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles,Deaths from stomach cancer,1928 births,People from the Las Vegas Valley,American sportspeople of Mexican descent,Tennis people from California,Sportspeople from Los Angeles,American male tennis players,French Championships (tennis) champions,World No. 1 tennis players,International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees,United States National champions (tennis),Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles

paragraph: Pancho Gonzales

paragraph: Ricardo Alonso González (May 9, 1928 – July 3, 1995), usually known as Pancho Gonzales, and sometimes as Richard Gonzales, was an American tennis player who has been rated one of the greatest in the history of the sport. He won 14 major singles titles (12 Pro Slam, 2 Grand Slam) and was the dominant professional of the 1950s, winning seven professional tours between 1954 and 1961; he still holds the men's all-time record of being ranked world No. 1 for eight years.

paragraph: Gonzales was a ruthless competitor with a fierce temper. Many of his peers on the professional circuit were intimidated by him, and he was often at odds with officials and promoters. However, he was a fan favorite who drew more spectators than any other player of his time. After his death, a "Sports Illustrated" article stated: "If earth was on the line in a tennis match, the man you want serving to save humankind would be Ricardo Alonso Gonzales." Longtime tennis commentator Bud Collins echoed this in 2006: "If I had to choose someone to play for my life, it would be Pancho Gonzales."

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Amateur.

paragraph: Gonzales was given a 51-cent racquet by his mother when he was 12 years old. He received tennis analysis from his friend, Chuck Pate, but mostly taught himself to play by watching other players on the public courts at nearby Exposition Park in Los Angeles. Once he discovered tennis, he lost interest in school and began a troubled adolescence in which he was occasionally pursued by truant officers and policemen. He was befriended by Frank Poulain, the owner of the tennis shop at Exposition Park, and sometimes slept there.

paragraph: Due to his lack of school attendance and occasional minor brushes with the law, he was ostracized by the tennis establishment of the 1940s. The headquarters for tennis activity was the Los Angeles Tennis Club, which actively trained other top players such as the youthful Jack Kramer. During that time, the head of the Southern California Tennis Association, and the most powerful man in California tennis was Perry T. Jones.

paragraph: Jones was not only the head of California tennis, but much of the country, because the favorable climate gave that region a head start in tennis. He was described as an autocratic leader who embodied much of the exclusionary sensibilities that governed tennis for decades. Although Gonzales was a promising junior, once Jones discovered that the youth was truant from school, Jones banned him from playing tournaments

paragraph: Eventually he was arrested for burglary at age 15 and spent a year in detention. He then joined the Navy just as World War II was ending and served for two years, finally receiving a bad-conduct discharge in 1947.

paragraph: According to his autobiography, Gonzales stood and weighed by the time he was 19 years old. Other sources generally credit him as being an inch or two shorter but in any case he would enjoy a clear advantage in height over a number of his most prominent rivals, particularly Pancho Segura, Ken Rosewall, and Rod Laver, all of whom were at least 5 or 6 inches shorter. Tony Trabert, who was badly beaten by Gonzales on their 101-match tour and who disliked him intensely, nevertheless once told the "Los Angeles Times": "Gonzales is the greatest natural athlete tennis has ever known. The way he can move that 6-foot-3-inch frame of his around the court is almost unbelievable. He's just like a big cat... Pancho's reflexes and reactions are God-given talents. He can be moving in one direction and in the split second it takes him to see that the ball is hit to his weak side, he's able to throw his physical mechanism in reverse and get to the ball in time to reach it with his racket." The flamboyant Gussie Moran, who briefly toured with the Gonzales group, said that watching Gonzales was like seeing "a god patrolling his personal heaven."

paragraph: Despite his lack of playing time while in the Navy, and as a mostly unknown 19-year-old in 1947, Gonzales achieved a national ranking of no. 17 by playing primarily on the West Coast. He did, however, go East that year to play in the United States Championships at Forest Hills. He surprised the British Davis Cup player Derek Barton and then lost a five-set match to third seed Gardnar Mulloy. Following that, in the last major tournament of the year, the Pacific Southwest, played at the Los Angeles Tennis Club, he beat three internationally known names, Jaroslav Drobný, Bob Falkenburg, and Frank Parker, before losing in the semifinals to Ted Schroeder.

paragraph: The following year, Perry T. Jones relented in his opposition to Gonzales and sponsored his trip East to play in the major tournaments. The top-ranked American player, Ted Schroeder, decided at the last moment not to play in the United States Championships and Gonzales was seeded number 8 in the tournament. To the surprise of most observers, he won it fairly easily by a straight-set victory over the South African Eric Sturgess in the finals with his powerful serve-and-volley game. As The "New York Times" story of that first win began, "The rankest outsider of modern times sits on the tennis throne." His persona at the time was strikingly different from what it would become in future years. "American Lawn Tennis" wrote that "the crowd cheered a handsome, dark-skinned Mexican-American youngster who smiled boyishly each time he captured a hard-fought point, kissed the ball prayerfully before a crucial serve, and was human enough to show nervousness as he powered his way to the most coveted crown in the world." This was Gonzales's only major tournament victory of the year, but it was enough to let him finish the year ranked as the number one American player.

paragraph: In 1949, Gonzales performed poorly at Wimbledon, where he was seeded second but lost in the fourth round to Geoff Brown, and was derided for his performance by some of the press. A British sportswriter called him a "cheese champion" and, because of his name, his doubles partner of the time, Frank Parker, began to call him "Gorgonzales", after Gorgonzola, the Italian cheese. This was eventually shortened to "Gorgo", the nickname by which he was later known by his colleagues on the professional tour. (Jack Kramer, in his autobiography, says that it was Jim Burchard, the tennis writer for the "New York World-Telegram" who first called him a "cheese champ".)

paragraph: When Gonzales returned to the United States Championships in 1949, once again to the surprise of many observers, he repeated his victory of the previous year. Ted Schroeder, the top seed, had beaten Gonzales eight times in nine matches during their careers and was heavily favored. The only time Gonzales had beaten Schroeder, he was playing with a nose that had been broken the day before by his doubles partner's tennis racquet during a misplayed point at the net. In a tremendous final that has been called the 11th greatest match of all time", Gonzales lost a 1-hour and 15-minute first set 16-18 but finally managed to prevail in the 5th set. Once again he finished the year as the number-one ranked U.S. amateur. Gonzales also won both his singles matches in the Davis Cup finals against Australia. Having beaten Schroeder at Forest Hills, he was clearly the best amateur in the world. Bobby Riggs, who had been counting on signing Schroeder to play Kramer on the professional tour, was then forced to reluctantly sign Gonzales instead.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Professional.

paragraph: Gonzales was badly beaten in his first year on the professional tour, 94 matches to 29, by the reigning king of professional tennis, Jack Kramer. During this time, Gonzales's personality apparently changed from that of a friendly, happy-go-lucky youngster to the hard-bitten loner he became known as for the rest of his life. According to Kramer in his 1979 autobiography, "The worst thing that ever happened to Gonzales was winning Forest Hills in 1949... At a time when Gorgo wasn't mature as a player he was pitted against Kramer, an established pro at his peak." Moreover, says Kramer, "Pancho had no idea how to live or take care of himself. He was a hamburger-and-hot-dog guy to start with and had no concept of diet in training... On the court Gorgo would swig Cokes through a match... Also Gorgo was a pretty heavy cigarette smoker. He had terrible sleeping habits made even worse by the reality of a tour."

paragraph: Kramer won 22 of the first 26 matches and 42 of the next 50. Gonzales improved enough to win 15 of the remaining 32 but it was too late. Bobby Riggs, the tour promoter, told Gonzales that he was now "dead meat": Kramer would need a new challenger for the next tour. As compensation, however, Gonzales had made $75,000 in his losing efforts. Kramer also said that "his nature had changed completely. He became difficult and arrogant. Losing had changed him. When he got his next chance, he understood that you either win or you're out of a job." He was now "a loner", said Ted Schroeder, "and always the unhappiest man in town."

paragraph: One bright moment for Gonzales in his rookie year as a professional was winning the U.S. Pro Indoor Championship at Philadelphia in late March, defeating Kramer in the final in three straight sets. Gonzales defaulted the 1950 U. S. Pro championships in Cleveland.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Professional.:Semi-retirement.

paragraph: From 1951 to 1953, Gonzales was in semi-retirement. He bought the tennis shop at Exposition Park and ran that while playing in short tours and occasional professional tournaments throughout the world. In spite of his infrequent play (because first Riggs, then Kramer, as promoters of the pro tour, didn't want him as the headliner of their tours), he had nevertheless raised his game to a higher level than before and once again was winning most of his matches. Precise records of this time are difficult to locate but Gonzales asserts in his autobiography that after the decisive loss to Kramer in their 1950 tour he then beat his old antagonist 11 times in their next 16 matches.

paragraph: In the southern hemisphere summer of 1950–51, Gonzales toured Australia and New Zealand with Dinny Pails, Frank Parker, and Don Budge. In December 1950, Pails won the short tour in New Zealand, but in January and February 1951 Gonzales won a second and longer tour in Australia. Gonzales lost the final of the U.S. Professional Indoor Championships at Philadelphia in February 1951 to Kramer. Gonzales was also the losing finalist to Segura in the 1951 U.S. Professional Championships at Forest Hills. Gonzales defaulted the 1951 Cleveland International Professional title at Cleveland. Though Gonzales also won Wembley in 1951 (where Kramer was not entered), it is probable that both Kramer and Segura were marginally better players that year. In 1952, however, Gonzales reached the top level of the pros. In 1952 he entered five tournaments and captured four: the "Philadelphia Inquirer" Masters tournament, where he beat both Segura and Kramer twice in a double round-robin event; Scarborough, England, where he defeated Budge and Segura; Wembley, England, again beating Segura and Kramer; Berlin, Germany, where Segura and Budge lost again to him; and he was a finalist in the Cleveland International Professional Championships where he lost against Segura. In all, Gonzales beat Segura five matches out of six and Kramer three times in three matches. This was the first year that "Big Pancho" (Gonzales) dominated "Little Pancho" (Segura) in their head-to-head matches, and thereafter his superiority over Segura never wavered throughout their long careers.

paragraph: Although the Professional Lawn Tennis Association issued rankings at the end of 1952 in which they called Segura the world pro no. 1, with Gonzales second, the PLTA rankings were notoriously quirky. The year before, for instance, when Kramer had beaten Segura 64 matches to 28 (or 58-27 according to Kramer) in their championship tour, they had nevertheless ranked Segura as the world no. 1 player. A strong case can therefore be made that Gonzales was actually the world pro no. 1 player for 1952 or, at the very least, shared that position with Segura.

paragraph: At a professional event in 1951, the forehand drives of a number of players were electronically measured. Kramer was particularly known for his fine forehand, but Gonzales was recorded as hitting the fastest one, 112.88 mph, followed by Kramer at 107.8 and Welby Van Horn at 104. Since it was generally assumed at the time that Pancho Segura's two-handed forehand was the hardest in tennis, it is possible that he was not present at that event.

paragraph: In 1953, Gonzales was omitted by Kramer (by now also a promoter) from the big pro tour, which featured Segura, Frank Sedgman (seven-time Grand Slam singles winner), Ken McGregor (the 1952 Australian Open winner) and Kramer himself. Gonzales won the 1953 Cleveland International Professional Championships, defeating a 38 year old Don Budge in the final in four sets. Through lack of top-level opposition, Gonzales' form suffered; at Wembley 1953 and two days later in Paris, he was severely crushed by Sedgman, the eventual winner of these tournaments.

paragraph: In late 1953, Kramer, then a temporarily retired player (due to his back troubles), signed Gonzales (a seven-year contract) to play in a 1954 US tour also featuring Pancho Segura, Frank Sedgman and Donald Budge (the latter being replaced in March 1954 by Carl Earn for the last weeks of the tour). In the subsequent matches Gonzales beat Segura 30-21 and Sedgman by the same score. After this tour Gonzales won the inaugural Cleveland World Pro held at the Cleveland Arena where all the best, except Pails, were present.

paragraph: In early June 1954, Gonzales won the U.S. Professional Championships which Kramer was authorized by the USPLTA to hold at the Los Angeles Tennis Club in California. This event was the successor to the 1951 U.S. Professional Championships tournament at Forest Hills, where Gonzales had finished runner-up to Segura, who was now regarded as the defending champion in the 1954 L.A. U.S. Pro. At the L.A. Tennis Club, Gonzales defeated both Sedgman and Segura (the latter in a close five set final) to win the Benrus Cup, emblematic of the U.S. Professional Championships. This would be Gonzales' only U.S. Professional Championships title officially authorized by the USPLTA.

paragraph: Then the American played in a Far East tour (September–October 1954). He barely won over Segura and Kramer, who made his come-back in singles after a 14-month retirement. Then Gonzales had big success: he swept the Australian Tour in November–December 1954 by beating Sedgman 16-9, McGregor 15-0, and Segura, 4-2. Although Pancho was beaten by the Australian Pro Pails in the last competition of the year, Gonzales had clearly established himself as the top player in the world in 1954.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Professional.:Dominance.

paragraph: Gonzales was the dominant player in the men's game for the next seven years, beating such tennis greats as Sedgman, Tony Trabert, Ken Rosewall, Lew Hoad, Mal Anderson, and Ashley Cooper on a regular basis. Forty years after his matches with Gonzales, Trabert told interviewer Joe McCauley "that Gonzales's serve was the telling factor on their tour — it was so good that it earned him many cheap points. Trabert felt that, while he had the better groundstrokes, he could not match Pancho's big, fluent service."

paragraph: In his professional career, Gonzales won the United States Professional Championship eight times, including the USPLTA version in L.A. in 1954, the Cleveland World Pro eight times, the Wembley professional title in London four times, and the Tournament of Champions three times (1957 Forest Hills, 1958 Forest Hills, 1959 Sydney White City), the Los Angeles Masters three times (1956, 1957, 1959), the U.S. Professional Indoor three times (1950 Philadelphia, 1952 Philadelphia, 1964 White Plains), plus beating, in seven head-to-head pro tours, all of the best amateurs who turned pro, which included every Wimbledon champion for 10 years in a row. During this time Gonzales was known for his fiery will to win, his cannonball serve, and his all-conquering net game, a combination so potent that the rules on the professional tour were briefly changed to prohibit him from advancing to the net immediately after serving. Under the new rules, the returned serve had to bounce before the server could make his own first shot, thereby keeping Gonzales from playing his usual serve-and-volley game. He won even so, and the rules were changed back. So great was his ability to raise his game to the highest possible level, particularly in the fifth set of long matches, Allen Fox has said that he never once saw Gonzales lose service when serving for the set or the match.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Professional.:Rivalries.

paragraph: Much of Gonzales's competitive fire during these years derived from the anger he felt at being paid much less than the players he was regularly beating. In 1956, for instance, he was paid $15,000 while his touring opponent, the recently turned professional Tony Trabert, had a contract for $80,000. He had a poor and often adversarial relationship with most of the other players and generally travelled and lived by himself, showing up only in time to play his match, then moving on alone to the next town. Gonzales and Jack Kramer, the long-time promoter of the tour, had a bitter and inimical relationship dating to the days when Kramer had first beaten the youthful Gonzales on his initial tour. Now they fought incessantly about money, while Kramer openly rooted for the other players to beat Gonzales. As much as he disliked Gonzales, however, Kramer knew that Gonzales was the star attraction of the touring professionals and that without him there would be no tour at all.

paragraph: Regarding the tour, Kramer writes that "even though Gonzales was usually the top name, he would almost never help promote the Tour. The players could have tolerated his personal disagreeableness, but his refusal to help the group irritated them the most. Frankly, the majority of players disliked Gonzales intensely. Sedgman almost came to blows with Gonzales once. Trabert and Gorgo hated each other. The only player he ever tried to get along with was Lew Hoad."

paragraph: Trabert also told McCauley in their interview that "I appreciated his tennis ability but I never came to respect him as a person. Too often I had witnessed him treat people badly without a cause. He was a loner, sullen most of the time, with a big chip on his shoulder and he rarely associated with us on the road. Instead he'd appear at the appointed hour for his match, then vanish back into the night without saying a word to anyone. We'd all stay around giving autographs to the fans before moving on to the next city. Not Pancho. On court, he was totally professional as well as a fantastic player." In a 2005 interview, Ted Schroeder commented on Gonzales's intense demeanor both on and off the court, "We hardly ever spoke a civil word to one another, yet we were friends. He was a very prideful man, not proud, prideful. When you understood that, you understood him."

paragraph: Life on the tour was not easy. "One night", Gonzales recalled later, "I sprained an ankle badly. The next night in another town I was hurting. I told Jack I couldn't play. He said to me, 'Kid, we always play.' Jack had a doctor shoot me up with novocaine, and we played. That's just the way it was. The size of the crowd didn't matter. They'd paid to see us play."

paragraph: The rigors were not only physical ones. In the 1963 United States Professional Championship, which were held that year at the hallowed Forest Hills courts, Gonzales both dismayed and infuriated his colleagues by being the only player who was paid for his participation. Having learned by bitter experience about the exigencies of the pro tour, Gonzales had demanded, and received, $5,000 in advance for his appearance in the tournament. An out-of-shape, semi-retired Gonzales was beaten in the first round. Ken Rosewall eventually beat Rod Laver in the finals but neither of them collected a penny: the promoter had failed to obtain a television contract, could not meet his costs and couldn't pay any prize money to any of the players.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trabert and Rosewall

paragraph: In 1956, Gonzales beat the athletic Tony Trabert by 74–27, a series made more compelling by the fact that the two players disliked each other intensely. Gonzales and Trabert played a five-set final at Roland Garros that year, with Trabert, a clay court giant, winning in the fifth set.

paragraph: At the end of 1956 Kramer signed Ken Rosewall to play another long series against Gonzales. In early 1957 Gonzales flew to Australia for the first 10 matches against Rosewall in his native country. Gonzales had developed a "half-dollar"-size cyst on the palm on his right hand and there was speculation in the newspapers that his tennis career might be over. Kramer's personal physician began to treat it with injections, and it gradually began to shrink. It was still painful, however, when Gonzales beat Rosewall in their initial match and eventually won their brief Australian tour 7 matches to 3, with Rosewall beating Gonzales in a tournament whose results did not count towards the series total. By the time the tour opened in New York in late February, the cyst had shrunk considerably and Gonzales went on to beat Rosewall by a final score of 50 matches to 26.

paragraph: Kramer has written that he was so worried that Rosewall would offer no competition to Gonzales and would thereby destroy the financial success of the tour that, for the only time in his career as a player or promoter, he asked Gonzales while in Australia to "carry" Rosewall in return for having his share of the gross receipts raised from 20 percent to 25 percent. Gonzales reluctantly agreed. After 4 matches, with Gonzales ahead 3 to 1, Gonzales came to Kramer to say that "I can't play when I'm thinking about trying to carry the kid. I can't concentrate. It just bothers me too much." By this time, however, it was apparent that Rosewall would be fully competitive with Gonzales, so Kramer told Gonzales to return to his normal game — and that he could keep his additional 5 percent. Gonzales would win the Australian series against Rosewall 7 to 3, and would build a lifetime head-to-head against Rosewall on grass of 22 to 12.

paragraph: Later that year, Gonzales sued in California superior court to have his 7-year contract with Kramer declared invalid. As proof of his claim, Gonzales cited being paid 25 percent of the gate instead of the stipulated 20 percent. Judge Leon T. David found Gonzales's reasoning implausible and ruled in favor of Kramer. Gonzales remained bound to Kramer by contract until 1960."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hoad

paragraph: The most difficult challenge that Gonzales faced during those years came from Lew Hoad, the very powerful young Australian who had won four Grand Slam titles as an amateur. In the 1958 tour, Gonzales and Hoad in his rookie year played head-to-head 87 times. Hoad won the Australian series 8 to 5, and 18 of the first 27 matches. It appeared that he was about to displace Gonzales as the professional world champion. Gonzales, however, revamped and improved his backhand. Gonzales won the 1958 series by a margin of 51 wins to 36 wins for Hoad. Also, Hoad suffered back trouble beginning in early March which reduced his ability to play at a high level and caused a drastic turnaround in results on the tour. Gonzales played Hoad again the following year and lost the head-to-head series 13 to 15, but achieved a perfect record against rookies Cooper and Anderson to keep his world championship title. Gonzales finished second to Hoad on the 1959/1960 Ampol World Tournament Championship tour, winning four of the tournaments, losing the Forest Hills Tournament of Champions final to Hoad, but winning the Sydney Tournament of Champions, where he beat Hoad in the final. Hoad was Gonzales' toughest opponent on grass, holding a 20 to 14 lifetime edge on grass against Gonzales, although Gonzales held a lifetime head-to-head edge against Rosewall on grass of 22 to 12. Gonzales' lifetime edge over Hoad overall was 104-77 (58%), with edges on clay, hard and all indoor surfaces. Gonzales' lifetime edge over Rosewall on all surfaces was 116-85 (60%). In outdoor play (grass, clay, cement) Gonzales held a 36 to 31 edge on Hoad, or about 53%. In head-to-head world championship tours, Gonzales led Hoad 64 to 51 (56%), and led Rosewall 70 to 31 (70%).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laver

paragraph: Jack Kramer, the long-time tennis promoter, writes that although Laver was "absolutely unbeatable for a year or two late in the 1960s", a "careful comparison" could be made between Laver and the somewhat older Gonzales and that Kramer is "positive that Gonzales could have beaten Laver regularly."

paragraph: Kramer sees as evidence of Gonzales's superiority over Laver the fact that Gonzales defeated Laver in a US$10,000 winner-take-all, five-set match before 15,000 spectators in New York City's Madison Square Garden in January 1970, when Gonzales was 41 years old and Laver was still considered the World No. 1 player. On the other hand, Gonzales was still a top ten player when this match occurred and Laver subsequently won the tournament event played there, beating Gonzales in a straight sets semifinal.

paragraph: During the span of seven years that they faced each other, Laver was 26-32 and Gonzales was 36–42 years old. While the peak of Laver was in the late 60s, the peak of Gonzales was in the middle 50s. Gonzales had a great longevity that made possible this rivalry. However, the overall record could be biased in favor of Laver because of the difference of 10 years between them. For the 1964 season, Gonzales held a head-to-head edge over Laver.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Open tennis.

paragraph: Most of Gonzales's career as a professional took place before the start of the open era of tennis in April 1968, and he was therefore ineligible to compete at the Grand Slam events between the end of 1949 (when he turned pro) and the start of the open era in April 1968. As has been observed about other great players such as Rod Laver, Gonzales almost certainly would have won a number of additional Grand Slam titles had he been permitted to compete in those tournaments during that 18-year period. Jack Kramer, for instance, has speculated in an article about the theoretical champions of Forest Hills and Wimbledon that Gonzales would have won an additional 11 titles in those two tournaments alone.

paragraph: In May 1968, he was the first professional to lose to an amateur, the British player Mark Cox. The then-24-year-old Cox beat Gonzales at the British Hard Court Championships at Bournemouth, in four sets in two and a quarter hours.

paragraph: The first major open tournament was the 1968 French Open, when Gonzales had just turned 40. In spite of the fact that he had been semi-retired for a number of years and that the tournament was held on slow clay courts that penalize serve-and-volley players, Gonzales beat the 1967 defending champion Roy Emerson in the quarterfinals. He then lost in the semifinals to Rod Laver. He lost in the third round of 1968 Wimbledon but later beat the second-seeded Tony Roche in the fourth round of the 1968 US Open, before losing an epic match to the Netherlands' Tom Okker.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Open tennis.:One of the greatest matches ever played.

paragraph: In 1969, it was Gonzales's turn to prevail in the longest match ever played till that time, one so long and arduous that it resulted in the advent of tie break scoring. As a 41-year-old at Wimbledon, Gonzales met Charlie Pasarell, a Puerto Rican younger than Gonzales by 16 years who revered his opponent.

paragraph: Pasarell won a titanic first set, then with daylight fading, the 41-year-old Gonzales argued that the match should be suspended. The referee didn't relent, and thus the petulant Gonzales virtually threw the second set. At the break, the referee agreed the players should stop. Gonzales was booed as he walked off Centre Court.

paragraph: The next day, the serves, the volleys and all the prowess that made Gonzales a fiery competitor surfaced with trademark vengeance. Pasarell, seeking to exploit Gonzales's advanced years, tried to aim soft service returns at Gonzales's feet and tire him with frequent lobs. At one changeover Gonzales said, "Charlie, I know what you're doing – and it's not working!" Gonzales rebounded to win three straight sets. In the fifth set, Gonzales saved all seven match points that Pasarell had against him, twice coming back from 0–40 deficits, to walk off the court the eventual winner in a 5-hour, 12-minute epic.

paragraph: The final score was an improbable 22–24, 1–6, 16–14, 6–3, 11–9. Gonzales went on to the fourth round of the championship, where he was beaten in four sets by Arthur Ashe. The match with Pasarell, however, is still remembered as one of the highlights in the history of tennis and has been called one of "The Ten Greatest Matches of the Open Era" in the November/December 2003 issue of "TENNIS" magazine. But it was not this match alone which gave Gonzales the reputation, among the top players, of being the greatest long-match player in the history of the game.

paragraph: The match would (largely due to the introduction of the tie break) remain the longest in terms of games played until the historic, 11 hours and 183 games long Isner–Mahut match at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Open tennis.:Final professional years.

paragraph: Roy Emerson, the Australian player who won 12 major titles during the 1960s as an amateur when most of the best players in the world were professionals, turned pro in early 1968 at the age of 31, having won the French Championships the year before. Gonzales, at the age of 40, beat Emerson in five sets in the quarterfinals of the 1968 French Open. In the following years, Gonzales beat Emerson another 11 times, apparently losing very few matches to him. In the Champions Classic of 1970 in Miami, Florida, however, Emerson did beat Gonzales in straight sets.

paragraph: Another great Australian player was Ken Rosewall, who won eight major titles during his long career, first as an amateur, then as a professional in the early years of open tennis. Gonzales played 160 matches against Rosewall, winning 101 and losing 59.

paragraph: In late 1969, Gonzales won the Howard Hughes Open in Las Vegas and the Pacific Southwest Open in Los Angeles, beating, among others, John Newcombe, Ken Rosewall, Stan Smith (twice), Cliff Richey, and Arthur Ashe. He was the top American money-winner for 1969 with $46,288. If the touring professionals had been included in the United States rankings, it is likely he would have been ranked number one in the country, just as he had been two decades earlier in 1948 and 1949.

paragraph: Gonzales continued to play in the occasional tournament in his 40s. He could also occasionally beat the clear number-one player in the world, Rod Laver. Their most famous meeting was a $10,000 winner-take-all match before a crowd of 15,000 in Madison Square Garden in February 1970. Coming just after the Australian had completed a calendar-year sweep of the Grand Slams, the 41-year-old Gonzales beat Laver in five sets. He became the oldest player to have ever won a professional tournament, winning the 1972 Des Moines Open, which was part of the USLTA Indoor Circuit, over 24-year-old Georges Goven when he was three months shy of his 44th birthday. In spite of the fact that he was still known as a serve-and-volley player, in 1971, when he was 43 and Jimmy Connors was 19, he beat the great young baseliner by playing him from the baseline at the Pacific Southwest Open. Around this time, Gonzalez relocated to Las Vegas to be the Tennis Director at Caesars Palace, and he hired Chuck Pate, his childhood friend, to run the Pro Shop. In June 1972 Gonzales reached the semifinal of the Queen's Club Championships, at age 44, and was leading by a set against John Paish when he was disqualified by the tournament referee after an argument over the replacement of a linesman.

paragraph: Gonzales was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame at Newport, Rhode Island in 1968.

paragraph: California State University, Los Angeles named their Tennis Center the Rosie Casals/Pancho Gonzalez Tennis Center in 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Personal and family life.

paragraph: González's parents, Manuel Antonio González and Carmen Alire Alonso, migrated from the Mexican state of Chihuahua to the U.S. in the early 1900s. González was born in 1928, the eldest of seven children. Kramer writes that "Gorgo was not the poor Mexican-American that people assumed. He didn't come from a wealthy family, but from a stable middle-class background, probably a lot like mine. He had a great mother and there was always a warm feeling of family loyalty. If anything, he might have been spoiled as a kid. It's a shame he suffered discrimination because of his Mexican heritage". However, according to other sources, Gonzales's father worked as a house-painter and he, along with his six siblings, were raised in a working-class neighborhood. In his autobiography, González states, "We had few luxuries at our house. Food wasn't abundant but it was simple and filling, and we never went hungry. Our clothes were just clothes – inexpensive but clean."

paragraph: González had a long scar across his left cheek that, according to his autobiography, some members of the mass media of the 1940s attributed to his being a Mexican-American pachuco and hence involved in knife fights. This was one more slur that embittered González towards the media in general. The scar was actually the result of a prosaic street accident in 1935 when he was seven years old: pushing a scooter too fast, he ran into a passing car and had his cheek gashed open by its door handle. He spent two weeks in the hospital as a result.

paragraph: Gonzales was referred to as either "Richard" or "Ricardo" by his friends and family. As the child of working-class Hispanic parents, young Richard was well aware of the social prejudices of his day. He reportedly disliked the nickname "Pancho", as it was a common derogatory term used against Mexican Americans at the time. In the Hispanic community, the name "Pancho" is traditionally only given to individuals whose first name is "Francisco", as was the case with Gonzales' tennis rival, Pancho Segura.

paragraph: Although his surname was properly spelled "González", during most of his playing career he was known as "Gonzales". It was only towards the end of his life that the Spanish language spelling began to be used regularly. Kramer wrote that one of Gonzales's wives, Madelyn Darrow, "decided to change his name. Madelyn discovered in the Castilian upper-crust society, the fancy Gonzales families spelled their name with a "z" at the end to differentiate from the "hoi polloi" (sic) Gonzales. So it was González for a time, and even now you will occasionally see that spelling pop up." However, Kramer's theory is unlikely, as González is a far more common spelling of that name in Hispanic communities than the anglicised "Gonzales". In his ghost-written 1959 autobiography, "Gonzales" is used throughout.

paragraph: Gonzales became a television commentator for ABC, a rare presence at tournaments. Described as an adequate but unmotivated commentator, Gonzales would issue thoughtful comments - often magnanimous, occasionally harsh, always candid - on contemporary pros not unlike an old soldier who'd preferred dying in battle than merely fading away.

paragraph: For decades Gonzales had made $75,000 a year from an endorsement contract with Spalding for racquets and balls but was unable to get along with the company personnel. Finally, in 1981, after nearly 30 years, Spalding refused to renew the contract. He had also been the Tennis Director and Tournament Director at Caesars Palace on the Las Vegas Strip for 16 years, another lucrative job. In 1985, he was fired after refusing to give playing lessons to the wife of his boss. As S. L. Price wrote about Gonzales in a 2002 "Sports Illustrated" article, "There was no more perfect match than Pancho and Vegas: both dark and disreputable, both hard and mean and impossible to ignore."

paragraph: Gonzales married and divorced six times and had nine children: he wed his childhood sweetheart, Henrietta Pedrin, on March 23, 1948; they had three children. He married actress (and Miss Rheingold of 1958) Madelyn Darrow twice; they had three children including twin girls, she currently lives in Fountain Valley. He married his dental hygienist, Betty, in Beverly Hills and had one daughter. His last wife, Rita, is the sister of Andre Agassi, and they had two children. According to Price's article, Rita's father, Mike Agassi, a 1952 Olympian on the Iranian boxing team who had become a successful casino greeter in Las Vegas, hated Gonzales so much that he considered having him killed. Gonzales had coached the young Rita until she had rebelled against her father's 5,000-balls-a-day-regimen and first moved in with, then married, on March 31, 1984, the much older Gonzales. Years before, Mike Agassi, already a tennis fanatic, had once served as a linesman for one of Gonzales's professional matches in Chicago. Gonzales had upbraided Agassi so severely for perceived miscalls that Agassi had walked away and gone to sit in the stands.

paragraph: Kramer says that "Gonzales never seemed to get along with his various wives, although this never stopped him from getting married... Segura once said, 'You know, the nicest thing Gorgo ever says to his wives is "Shut up" ' ". Following a 10 month battle with stomach cancer, Gonzales died on July 3, 1995 in Las Vegas at the age of 67, in poverty and almost friendless, estranged from his ex-wives and children except for Rita and their son, Skylar, and daughter, Jeanna Lynn. Andre Agassi paid for his funeral.

paragraph: Gonzales played tennis with Robert Redford (the actor), while Redford was growing up.

paragraph: Section::::Place among the all-time great tennis players.

paragraph: For about 14 years from around 1920 to 1934, Bill Tilden was generally considered the greatest player of all time. From 1934 through 1967, during the Golden Age of Tennis, when Vines, Perry, Budge, Riggs, Kramer, Gonzales, Segura, Sedgman, Trabert, Hoad, Rosewall, and Laver were the top tier players, Gonzales was considered the best of this period. Since 1968, with the first Grand Slam of the Open Era at the French Open, Champions such as Rod Laver, Jimmy Connors, Björn Borg, John McEnroe, Pete Sampras, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, and Roger Federer have been considered by their contemporaries to be greater players than Tilden or Gonzales.

paragraph: Many people connected with the game, however, consider Gonzales to be the best male player in tennis history, because he was the World No. 1 tennis player for eight years – the status of a few of the earlier years is still unclear. He was possibly No. 1 in 1952, but then was probably the World No.1 for seven consecutive years, 1954 through 1960. In the article World number one male tennis player rankings Bill Tilden with Rod Laver are the next closest to Gonzales with seven No.1 ratings, followed by Pete Sampras and Ken Rosewall with six each. Pancho Segura, who played, and frequently beat, all of the great players from the 1930s through the 1960s has said that he believes that Gonzales was the best player of all time. Lew Hoad and Allen Fox agree with this assessment. In a 1972 article about an imaginary tournament among the all-time greats, Gene Scott had the fourth-seeded Gonzales upsetting Bill Tilden in the semifinals and then using his serve to beat Rod Laver in the finals.

paragraph: Bud Collins, the editor of the massive ""Total Tennis, The Ultimate Tennis Encyclopedia"", is guarded. He writes on page 673 that Gonzales was "probably as good as anyone who ever played the game, if not better." On page 693, however, he writes that Rod Laver would "be known as possibly the greatest player ever." And on page 749 he calls Bill Tilden "perhaps the greatest player of them all."

paragraph: In 2005 a tennis historian who visited the International Tennis Hall of Fame interviewed several great Australian players who had toured against Gonzales. Who, they were asked, was the best player they had ever played against?

paragraph: Mal Anderson named Gonzales, who "was very difficult since if you did get ahead, he had a way to upset you, and he could exploit your weaknesses fast. Though over the hill, he beat Rod [Laver] until Rod lifted his game." He added, "Lew Hoad, in his day was scary, though Gonzales was best day in and day out." Ashley Cooper also named Gonzales, whom "I never beat on the tour. But I did beat him a couple of times on clay where his serve wasn’t as good." Gonzales's frequent opponent Frank Sedgman said, "I played against probably the greatest of all time, Jack Kramer. He could put his serve on a dime and had a great first volley. The second best was Gonzales. I played him a lot — a great competitor — a great athlete."

paragraph: Jack Kramer, on the other hand, who became a world-class player in 1940 and then beat Gonzales badly in the latter's first year as a professional, has stated that he believes that although Gonzales was better than either Laver or Sampras he was not as good as either Ellsworth Vines or Don Budge. Kramer, who had a long and frequently bitter relationship with Gonzales, rates him only as one of the four players who are second to Budge and Vines in his estimation. Kramer also, perhaps surprisingly, writes that Bobby Riggs would have beaten Gonzales on a regular basis.

paragraph: In 2007, after Gonzales and Hoad were both dead, Kramer gave a higher assessment of both players, rating them among the top five players of all time, chronologically Vines, Budge, Gonzales, Hoad, and Federer. Kramer had expressed a competitive relationship with both men during his years as tour manager, but time had mellowed his assessment of them.

paragraph: Early in 1986 "Inside Tennis", a magazine published in Northern California, devoted parts of four issues to a lengthy article called "Tournament of the Century", an imaginary tournament to determine the greatest of all time. They asked 37 tennis notables such as Kramer, Budge, Perry, and Riggs and observers such as Bud Collins to list the 10 greatest players in order.

paragraph: Twenty-five players in all were named by the 37 experts in their lists of the 10 best. The magazine then ranked them in descending order by total number of points assigned. The top eight players in overall points, with their number of first-place votes, were: Rod Laver (9), John McEnroe (3), Don Budge (4), Jack Kramer (5), Björn Borg (6), Pancho Gonzales (1), Bill Tilden (6), and Lew Hoad (1). Gonzales was ranked the sixth-best player, with only Allan Fox casting a vote for him as the greatest of all time.

paragraph: In the Tennis Channel series "The 100 Greatest of All Time" in 2012, Gonzales was ranked the 22nd greatest male tennis player of all time, just behind his longtime tennis rival Jack Kramer at 21st. The identity of the panel of experts and the methods used to create the rankings were not revealed.

paragraph: Section::::Performance timeline for major tournaments.

paragraph: As an amateur player, Pancho Gonzales won at least 17 singles titles, including 2 Grand Slam tournaments. As a professional player, he won at least 85 singles titles, including 15 Pro Slam tournaments; at the same time he was banned from competing in the Grand Slam events from 1950 to 1967 due to being a professional player. During this professional period, he won 7 times the "World Pro Tour"'. The Open Era arrived very late for Gonzales, by which time he was in his forties. Even at this advanced age he was able to win at least 11 singles titles. Overall Gonzales won at least 113 titles in his career in a span of 25 years.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tennis Myth and Method" (1978), Ellsworth Vines and Gene Vier ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Game, My 40 Years in Tennis" (1979), Jack Kramer with Frank Deford ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The History of Professional Tennis" (2003), Joe McCauley

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Man with a Racket, The Autobiography of Pancho Gonzales, as Told to Cy Rice" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rich Hillway, tennis historian - Q&A with the Aussies

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tennis Book" (1981), Edited by Michael Bartlett and Bob Gillen ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lone Wolf", by S. L. Price, "Sports Illustrated", June 26, 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- "World of Tennis Yearbook 1971" (1971), by John Barrett, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Little Pancho" (2009) by Caroline Seebohm

paragraph: Section::::External links.

description: American tennis player

wikidata_label: Pancho Gonzales

wikipedia_title: Pancho Gonzales


text:
soprano
Nashville
Tennessee
The Juilliard School
New York City
Broadway
Kurt Weill
Love Life
Nanette Fabray
Elia Kazan
La Monnaie
I puritani
Glyndebourne Festival
Idomeneo
New York City Opera
Orphée aux enfers
Erich Leinsdorf
Julius Rudel
Carlos Chávez
The Visitors
San Francisco Opera
Lyric Opera of Chicago
Der Rosenkavalier
Dialogues des Carmélites
Herva Nelli
Médée
Daphne
Santa Fe Opera
Un ballo in maschera
Birgit Nilsson
Giulietta Simionato
Carlo Bergonzi
Cornell MacNeil
Georg Solti
La sonnambula
Joan Sutherland
Anja Silja

categories: 1998 deaths,20th-century opera singers,1929 births,Juilliard School alumni,American operatic sopranos,20th-century American singers,20th-century American women singers

paragraph: Sylvia Stahlman

paragraph: Sylvia Stahlman (March 5, 1929 – August 19, 1998) was an American soprano, particularly associated with light, coloratura roles.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Stahlman was born in Nashville, Tennessee, and studied at The Juilliard School in New York City. She began her career on Broadway, in 1948-49, in Kurt Weill's "Love Life", opposite Nanette Fabray, directed by Elia Kazan.

paragraph: She left for Europe to begin a career in opera, performing first under the name Giulia Bardi. She made her debut at La Monnaie in Brussels, as Elvira in "I puritani", in 1951, and remained with that theatre until 1954. She also sang in Amsterdam, Frankfurt, and Vienna, and appeared at the Glyndebourne Festival in 1959, as Ilia in "Idomeneo".

paragraph: In America, she appeared at the New York City Opera in the Fall Season of 1956, as Eurydice in "Orphée aux enfers", conducted by Erich Leinsdorf, and Gilda in "Rigoletto", with Julius Rudel conducting. In 1957 she created the role of Lauretta in the world premiere of Carlos Chávez's "The Visitors". The soprano also appeared at the San Francisco Opera and the Lyric Opera of Chicago. In San Francisco, she sang Sophie in "Der Rosenkavalier", Sister Constance of St Dénis in "Dialogues des Carmélites" (the United States premiere), Oscar in "Un ballo in maschera" (to the Amelia of Herva Nelli), Lauretta in "Gianni Schicchi", and Dircé in "Médée" (the Italian version), from 1957 to 1960. She took part, in 1964, in the American premiere of "Daphne", at the Santa Fe Opera.

paragraph: Excelling in coloratura and soubrette roles, she can be heard on recordings, in "Un ballo in maschera", opposite Birgit Nilsson, Giulietta Simionato, Carlo Bergonzi, and Cornell MacNeil, under Sir Georg Solti (1960–61), and as Lisa in "La sonnambula", with Dame Joan Sutherland (1962). In 1964, Stahlman recorded excerpts from "Fidelio" (as Marzelline), opposite Anja Silja.

paragraph: Stahlman died in St Petersburg, Florida.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grove Music Online", Cori Ellison, Oxford University Press, 2008.

description: singer

wikidata_label: Sylvia Stahlman

wikipedia_title: Sylvia Stahlman


text:
Homburg
Montclair
Meinsberg
Sayn-Sayn
Holstein-Schauenburg
clergyman
canon
cathedral dean
Cologne
Archbishops
Frederick IV of Wied
Salentin of Isenburg
County of Sayn
Sieg
Freusburg
Reformation
St. Querinus
Neuss
courtesan
Friedewald
Frankfurt am Main
Wittenberg
Marburg
Sayn-Wittgenstein
Reformed Church
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn
prelates
Sayn Castle
Hachenburg
Freusburg Castle
oriel
Schloss Altenkirchen
France
Renaissance

categories: 1539 births,House of Sayn-Wittgenstein,Counts of Sayn,Cathedral deans of Cologne

paragraph: Henry IV of Sayn

paragraph: Henry IV of Sayn (), Lord of Homburg, Montclair and Meinsberg (1539 – 17 January 1606) was the last Count of Sayn-Sayn and the last male heir of the Sayn-Sponheim family.

paragraph: Henry was born in 1539, the middle one of the three sons of Count John V of Sayn and Elisabeth of Holstein-Schauenburg, and became a clergyman at the request of his father. Initially a canon ("Domherr"), from 1565 he became cathedral dean ("Domdechant") of Cologne under Archbishops Frederick IV of Wied and Salentin of Isenburg. After the death of his uncle, Count Sebastian II who had ruled the County of Sayn together with Henry's brother, Hermann of Sayn, he inherited the county, which was located north of the River Sieg, with the castle of Freusburg as his residence in 1573. This was also connected with his conversion to Protestantism under the Wittenberg Reformation, which Sebastian and Hermann had introduced to their lands after a long delay in 1561.

paragraph: Soon afterwards, in February 1574, Henry married Jutta of Mallinkrodt, a former nun whom he had already met when he was the dean of Cologne Cathedral at the monastery of St. Querinus in Neuss. Whether Jutta of Mallinkrodt led the life of a courtesan remains uncertain at this time. But the marriage remained childless and eventually failed. Jutta of Mallinkrodt died on 28 February 1608 in Schloss Friedewald, which Henry had built in Renaissance style. Meanwhile Henry had a liaison with a maid. Two sons emerged from this relationship, but they were not entitled to inherit because of their illegitimate descent.

paragraph: When Count Hermann died on 17 March 1588, Henry united the county again under his lordship. On 22 December 1589, he decreed the first Sayn church constitution, printed the following year in Frankfurt am Main. This gave instructions to "superintendents, parish lords and other church and school servants on how to behave in the teaching of the divine word, the administration of the holy sacraments, the rituals and other elements of a church service. In this way he contributed further to the renewal of church life in the land of Sayn. He was assisted by Superintendent Magister Leopold Optichtyus, who had studied at Wittenberg and Marburg. Henry also ensured that there was a proper school system in the County of Sayn. For example, he determined in the church constitution of 1589 that "at every parish church a school is to be established in which children are to be taught to read, write and especially learn their catechism."

paragraph: Henry knew that, after his death, the county would fall to Hermann's only daughter, Anna Elisabeth, who was in a relationship with Count William of Sayn-Wittgenstein. William, however, was a member of the Reformed Church by confession. Henry therefore feared for the survival of the Lutheran denomination in his lands. As he was becoming increasingly frail, Henry handed over the rule of the county on 12 September 1605 to the husband of his niece, who henceforth called himself William III, Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn, believing he had guaranteed the survival of the Lutheran denomination in Sayn. But William expelled all Lutheran pastors from the country after a year and appointed Reformed prelates instead.

paragraph: Henry died on 17 January 1606 at Sayn Castle, the seat of the Counts of Sayn and was interred on 17 March 1606 in the family crypt below the presbytery of the Lutheran church in Hachenburg.

paragraph: One of his positive legacies was that he gave Freusburg Castle its present appearance; he was the architect of the south wing with its oriel borne on fabulous stone animals. The Count was also the architect of Schloss Altenkirchen, which has since been demolished. French chateaux, which he saw on a trip to France, inspired him to design the castle in Friedewald that today is considered a ""pearl among the princely castles of the German Renaissance"".

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matthias Dahlhoff: "Geschichte der Grafschaft Sayn". Dillenburg, 1874.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans Fritzsche: "Graf Heinrich IV. von Sayn", in: "Lebensbilder aus dem Kreis Altenkirchen". Altenkirchen, 1975.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friedrich Hennes: "Zur Geschichte der Reformation in der Grafschaft Sayn". in:"Festschrift zum 400jährigen Jubiläum der Reformation in der Grafschaft Sayn". Düsseldorf, 1961.

wikidata_label: Heinrich IV

wikipedia_title: Henry IV of Sayn


text: Monken Hadley

text: advowson

text: local history

text: South Mimms

text: East Barnet

text: Winchmore Hill

text: Frederick Cass

text: Little Grove

text: funerary hatchment

text: St Mary the Virgin

text: Ponder's End

text: Chester Terrace

text: annuity

text: marriage settlements

text: Balliol College

text: St Andrew's church

text: advowson

text: Queen Elizabeth's School, Barnet

text: St Mary the Virgin

text: South Mimms

text: Monken Hadley

text: East Barnet

categories: English local historians,1824 births,19th-century English Anglican priests,1896 deaths,St Mary the Virgin, Monken Hadley,Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford,East Barnet,Monken Hadley

paragraph: Frederick Charles Cass

paragraph: Frederick Charles Cass (1824-1896) was the rector of the parish of Monken Hadley in north London. His father, also Frederick Cass, owned the relevant advowson giving the right to make such appointments. He was the author of works of local history relating to South Mimms, Monken Hadley and East Barnet.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: Cass was born at Beaulieu Lodge, Winchmore Hill, Edmonton, on 4 September 1824. He was baptised at Edmonton on 21 December 1824. His father was Frederick Cass J.P., D.L., of Beaulieu Lodge and later Little Grove, East Barnet, where he died on 17 May 1861. A funerary hatchment to his memory exists in St Mary the Virgin church, East Barnet. His mother was Martha Potter of Ponder's End. She died at Chester Terrace, Regent's Park, on 5 July 1870.

paragraph: The Cass family were wealthy. Frederick Cass senior was able to leave an annuity of £1,000 per annum to his wife on his death and £10,000 for each of his sons' marriage settlements.

paragraph: Cass received his M.A. degree from Balliol College, University of Oxford.

paragraph: Section::::Clerical career.

paragraph: In 1855, Cass was curate at St Andrew's church, Totteridge. In 1861 he became rector of Monken Hadley after being willed the advowson of the parish on his father's death. Frederick Cass senior, who was not a cleric, had bought the right in 1857. Frederick Cass junior was succeeded as rector by his second son Frederick Charles Guise Cass (born 1859) in 1890 or 1891, his first son Frederick Herbert Cass having died in 1855.

paragraph: Section::::Writing.

paragraph: Cass produced histories of South Mimms, Monken Hadley, and East Barnet that are among the principal histories of those areas. He wrote a history of the Queen Elizabeth's School, Barnet, from its founding in 1573 to 1665 for the transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society which was later published in book form.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: Cass married Julia Elizabeth Tewart at Hove, Sussex, on 23 June 1853. They had children Frederick Herbert (1854), Agnes Julia (1856), Gertrude Margaret (1858), Frederick Charles (1859), Claude William (1861), and Arthur Herbert (1861).

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Cass died 2 October 1896.

paragraph: Section::::Commemoration.

paragraph: Brenda Gove writes that three windows at St Mary the Virgin commemorate members of the Cass family. A window depicting the Virgin Mary and St James was placed in the church in memory of Cass in 1848. The Good Shepherd Window was placed in memory of the Cass's mother Martha, and the south aisle contains a window in memory of Cass's daughter Agnes.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "South Mimms". Nichols, London, 1877. (frequently bound with "East Barnet")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monken Hadley". Nichols, London, 1880.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Queen Elizabeth's School at Chipping Barnet, A.D. 1573-1665" in "Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society", Vol. 5. (Reprinted in book form, London c. 1881)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "East Barnet". Nichols, London, 1885-92. (published in two parts)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brass to the memory of Frederick Charles Cass.

wikidata_label: Frederick Charles Cass

wikipedia_title: Frederick Charles Cass


text: Tanzania

categories: University of Dar es Salaam alumni,Permanent Representatives of Tanzania to the United Nations,Centre for Foreign Relations alumni,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Tuvako Manongi

paragraph: Tuvako Nathaniel Manongi is a Tanzanian diplomat who has served as the Permanent Representative of Tanzania to the United Nations since 19 September 2012.

wikidata_label: Tuvako Manongi

wikipedia_title: Tuvako Manongi


text:
swimmer
Xuzhou
Liu Zige
Beijing
2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Nanjing
girls' 4 × 100 m medley relay
200 m butterfly
Liliána Szilágyi
girls' 4 × 100 m freestyle
100 m butterfly
mixed 4 × 100 m medley
2014 Asian Games
Incheon, South Korea
2015 FINA World Championships
200 m butterfly
women's 4 × 200 m freestyle relay

wikipedia_title: Swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Girls' 4 × 100 metre medley relay

wikipedia_title: Swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Girls' 200 metre butterfly

wikipedia_title: Swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Girls' 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay

wikipedia_title: Swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Girls' 100 metre butterfly

wikipedia_title: Swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Mixed 4 × 100 metre medley relay

wikipedia_title: Swimming at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 200 metre butterfly

wikipedia_title: Swimming at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay

categories: Nanjing Sport Institute alumni,World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming,Swimmers at the 2018 Asian Games,Asian Games silver medalists for China,Sportspeople from Xuzhou,1998 births,Swimmers at the 2014 Asian Games,Chinese female swimmers,Olympic swimmers of China,Female freestyle swimmers,Swimmers at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics,Living people,Asian Games medalists in swimming,Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m),Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games,Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games,Swimmers at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Female butterfly swimmers,Asian Games gold medalists for China

paragraph: Zhang Yufei (swimmer)

paragraph: Zhang Yufei (; born 19 April 1998) is a Chinese competitive swimmer who specializes in sprint freestyle and butterfly events. Considered one of the most promising swimmers in the international scene, she currently holds a world junior record in the 200 m butterfly, and also produced a tally of seven medals (three golds, two silver, and two bronze) in her swimming career, spanning the Youth Olympics, Asian Games, and the World Championships.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born in Xuzhou, Zhang began swimming at the age of three partly because of the encouragement and influence of her mother, who acted as her personal coach. Two years later, she started training professionally as a member of the Jiangsu Swimming Team, and eventually held numerous records for her age group. As more records followed, Zhang's rapid improvement culminated on her major debut in an international sporting event at the age of fourteen, when she beat 2008 Olympic champion Liu Zige for the gold medal in the 200 m butterfly at the 2012 FINA World Cup meet in Beijing.

paragraph: Zhang's international debut came as a member of the host nation China at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics in Nanjing, where she achieved a total of five medals: three golds and two silver. Zhang started off the competition with a powerful butterfly split of 58.56 in the girls' 4 × 100 m medley relay that tremendously helped her Chinese foursome break the junior world record (4:03.58) for the gold medal. On the same night, she managed a strong swim to take the silver in the 200 m butterfly with a time of 2:08.22, finishing farther behind Hungary's Liliána Szilágyi by less than two seconds. In the girls' 4 × 100 m freestyle relay, Zhang posted a third leg split in 54.09 until her host nation's foursome celebrated again with another relay victory in 3:41.19. On August 22, Zhang relegated to her second silver in the 100 m butterfly at 57.95, narrowly losing the race again to Szilagyi by almost three tenths of a second. Despite missing out her first individual gold, Zhang and her teammates Li Guangyuan, He Yun, and Yu Hexin powered their stretch to grab another relay title for the Chinese squad in the mixed 4 × 100 m medley (3:49.33).

paragraph: One month later, at the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon, South Korea, Zhang set a 54.10 split on the third leg to put the Chinese squad ahead to a marvelous victory in the women's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay, with a time of 3:37.25.

paragraph: At the 2015 FINA World Championships in Kazan, Russia, Zhang swam her two finals on the fifth night of the competition with forty minutes in between. First, she lowered her own junior world record with 2:06.51 to take home her individual bronze in the 200 m butterfly. Forty minutes later, Zhang set a third leg split of 1:58.73 to deliver the Chinese foursome a bronze medal in the women's 4 × 200 m freestyle relay with a combined time of 7:49.10.

paragraph: On 22 Aug 2018, Zhang won the Women's 200m butterfly gold medal at the 18th Asian Games in Jakarta, Indonesia with 2:06.61 .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nanjing 2014 Profile

description: Chinese swimmer

wikidata_label: Zhang Yufei

wikipedia_title: Zhang Yufei (swimmer)


text: Dutch

text: physicist

text: CERN

text: Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences

text: physics

text: University of Amsterdam

text: Pieter Zeeman

text: Zeeman effect

text: spectral line

text: noble gas

text: Imperial College of Science

text: London

text: spectroscopy

text: Philips

text: Eindhoven

text: wireless technology

text: nuclear physics

text: World War II

text: cyclotron

text: Gorter

text: University of Amsterdam

text: Amsterdam

text: Philips

text: UNESCO

text: CERN

text: Synchro-Cyclotron (CERN)

text: Felix Bloch

text: John Adams

text: Jo Cals

text: Order of the Netherlands Lion

text: Juliana

categories: Dutch physicists,20th-century physicists,Philips employees,Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences,Scientists from Amsterdam,People associated with CERN,University of Amsterdam alumni,1904 births,1960 deaths

paragraph: Cornelis Bakker

paragraph: Cornelis Jan Bakker (11 March 1904 – 23 April 1960) was a Dutch physicist and a General Director of CERN. He was also a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bakker studied physics at the University of Amsterdam under Pieter Zeeman.

paragraph: In 1931 he obtained his doctorate. His doctoral thesis dealt with the effects of Zeeman effect on spectral lines of noble gases. The next year he spent at the Imperial College of Science in London, where he continued his research in the area of spectroscopy.

paragraph: In 1933 he worked for the scientific department of Philips in Eindhoven, where he was active in the field of wireless technology. In the following his interest in nuclear physics grow and he started during World War II in cooperation with August Heyn with the development of a cyclotron for Philips.

paragraph: After the war Bakker replaced Gorter as a professor of physics and director of the Zeeman Laboratory at the University of Amsterdam in 1946. In addition, he became director of the "Institute for Nuclear Physics" of Amsterdam and the company Philips, which, sponsored by the " Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research " (NWO), formed the center of nuclear physics research in the Netherlands.

paragraph: In 1951, Bakker was invited by Professor Pierre Auger (then director of the scientific department of UNESCO) to join a group of eight experts which should make plans about the future CERN. He is considered one of the founders of the CERN. A year later (1952) he became director of a group responsible for the design and construction of the "Synchro-Cyclotron (CERN)" (SC). Then he was appointed as director of the Synchro-Cyclotron department. In 1952 Bakker became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, three years later he became foreign member.

paragraph: In 1955, he replaced Felix Bloch as the Director General of the CERN. He was then 5 years in office until he died in 1960 in a plane crash. During his funeral Bakker's work and commitment to CERN and science was repeatedly touted by politicians and researchers, such as John Adams (his successor as director general) or Jo Cals. In addition, he was awarded the Order of the Netherlands Lion by the former Queen of the Netherlands Juliana.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "CERN Courier, Farewell to Prof. Bakker"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "CERN Courier, In memory of Prof. Bakker"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Professor C.J. Bakker" (siehe PDF)

alias:
Cornelis Bakker
C.J. Bakker

description: Dutch physicist

wikidata_label: Cornelis Jan Bakker

wikipedia_title: Cornelis Bakker


href: Ancient%20Egypt prince Khufu Meresankh%20II Nefertkau%20III Nebty-tepites Djaty Djedefra Khafra prince Giza

text:
Ancient Egypt
prince
Khufu
Meresankh II
Nefertkau III
Nebty-tepites
Djaty
Djedefra
Khafra
prince
Giza

categories: 3rd-millennium BC births,Princes of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt,3rd-millennium BC deaths

paragraph: Horbaef

paragraph: Horbaef (also known as Baefhor and Horbaf) was an Ancient Egyptian prince of the 4th dynasty. His title was "King’s son".

paragraph: Horbaef was a son of Pharaoh Khufu and an unknown woman. He married his half-sister Meresankh II, and they had two daughters, the ladies Nefertkau III and Nebty-tepites. They may have also had one son called Djaty. After Horbaef’s death, his widow Meresankh married a pharaoh, her other half-brother, either Djedefra or Khafra, and thus she became a queen. It’s possible that Djaty was a son of Meresankh’s second husband because he had a title "king’s son of his body", and Horbaef was a prince but never a king.

paragraph: Horbaef was buried in a mastaba G 7410-7420 at Giza. Meresankh was also buried there.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton, "The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt", Thames & Hudson (2004)

wikidata_label: Horbaef

wikipedia_title: Horbaef


text: Slovene philosopher

text: sociologist

text: legal theorist

text: University of Ljubljana

text: Birkbeck College

text: London School of Economics

text: Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law

text: New York

text: King's College London

text: Ljubljana school of psychoanalysis

text: Lacan

text: psychoanalysis

text: German idealism

text: critical theory

text: left liberal

text: Communist regime

text: Marxist

text: Lacanian

text: Slavoj Žižek

text: Michel Foucault

text: Božidar Debenjak

text: Drago Braco Rotar

text: late capitalist

text: critical legal studies

text: London School of Economics

text: Birkbeck College

text: University of London

text: Cardozo School of Law

text: New York

text: Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin

text: Humboldt University

text: Berlin

text: George Washington University

text: Washington, DC

text: Duke University

text: Delo

text: La Vanguardia

text: Barcelona

text: Delo

text: Overchoice

text: Tyranny of small decisions

text: Interview with photo (2010)

text: RSA Animate Video on Choice

categories: Slavoj Žižek,Slovenian sociologists,20th-century Slovenian philosophers,People from Ljubljana,Slovenian women philosophers,Slovenian philosophers,Women sociologists,People from Slovenj Gradec,Academics of the London School of Economics,1962 births,Living people,University of Ljubljana alumni

paragraph: Renata Salecl

paragraph: Renata Salecl (born 1962) is a Slovene philosopher, sociologist and legal theorist. She is a senior researcher at the Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law at the University of Ljubljana, and holds a professorship at Birkbeck College, University of London. She has been a visiting professor at London School of Economics, lecturing on the topic of emotions and law. Every year she lectures at Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law (New York), on Psychoanalysis and Law, and she has also been teaching courses on neuroscience and law. Since 2012 she has been visiting professor at the Department of Social Science, Heath and Medicine at King's College London. Her books have been translated into fifteen languages. In 2017, she was elected as a member of the Slovene Academy of Science.

paragraph: Section::::Life and civic activism.

paragraph: In the 1980s Salecl became associated with the intellectual circle known as the Ljubljana school of psychoanalysis, which combined the study of Lacanian psychoanalysis with the philosophic legacy of German idealism and critical theory. In the late 1980s she became active in the left liberal opposition to the ruling Slovenian Communist regime. In the first democratic elections in Slovenia in April 1990 she unsuccessfully ran for the Slovenian Parliament on the list of the Alliance of Socialist Youth of Slovenia - Liberal Party. After 1990 she left party politics but remained active in public life, especially as a commentator.

paragraph: She was married to the Slovenian Marxist–Lacanian philosopher Slavoj Žižek.

paragraph: They have one son.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: She studied philosophy at the University of Ljubljana, graduating with a thesis on Michel Foucault's theory of power under the supervision of the Marxist philosopher Božidar Debenjak. From 1986, she started working as a researcher at the Institute of Criminology at the Faculty of Law in Ljubljana, In 1991, she obtained a PhD at the Department of Sociology at the University of Ljubljana under the supervision of Drago Braco Rotar. Her work focuses on bringing together law, criminology and psychoanalysis. She has worked on the theories of punishment, and on the analysis of the relation between late capitalist insistence on choice and the increased feelings of anxiety and guilt in post-modern subjects. The book also analyses how matters of choice apply to law and criminology.

paragraph: Salecl is associated with the critical legal studies movement. She was Centennial Professor at the department of law at the London School of Economics (LSE) and is now visiting professor at the LSE's BIOS Centre for the Study of Bioscience, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Society, and holds a full professorship at the School of Law at Birkbeck College, University of London. She often teaches as Visiting Professor at Cardozo School of Law in New York. She has been fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin (1997/8), visiting professor at the Humboldt University in Berlin, visiting humanities professor at George Washington University in Washington, DC, and visiting professor at Duke University.

paragraph: She also writes columns in various European newspapers, including "Delo" (Ljubljana) and "La Vanguardia" (Barcelona).

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2010, she was awarded the title of "Slovenian woman scientist of the year". In December of the same year, she was a candidate for a "Slovenian person of the year" by the daily newspaper "Delo".

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2011, she was named the most successful woman in Slovenia and got the title ONA 365 by the women magazine "Ona" (English: "SHE" magazine).

paragraph: Section::::Selected bibliography.

paragraph: Section::::Selected bibliography.:Chapters in books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salecl, Renata (2001), "Cut in the body: from clitoridectomy to body art", in Ahmed, Sara, Stacey, Jackie, "Thinking Through the Skin", London: Routledge, pp.21-35, .

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Overchoice

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tyranny of small decisions

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with photo (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- RSA Animate Video on Choice

description: Slovene philosopher

wikidata_label: Renata Salecl

wikipedia_title: Renata Salecl


text: expressionism

text: oil

text: tempera

text: charcoal

text: pencil

text: canvas

text: paper

text: paperboard

text: newspaper

text: still life

text: Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes

text: Museo de Arte Moderno de Buenos Aires

text: Museo de Artes Plásticas Eduardo Sívori

text: Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo

text: Rafael Squirru

text: Zurbarán Art Gallery website

categories: Argentine people of Spanish descent,1915 births,2009 deaths,People from Buenos Aires

paragraph: Leopoldo Presas

paragraph: Leopoldo Presas was an Argentine artist. He experienced different styles throughout his life. He had academic training and started as a figurative painter though he later turned into expressionism as well. He tried several mediums as oil, tempera, charcoal and pencil on different supports including canvas, paper, paperboard and newspaper. The themes of his works have been very extensive. The female figure was his main attraction, but he also did still lifes, landscapes, harbors, erotic paintings and some expressionist and controversial series as “The Pigs”, “The Kings of Putrefaction” and “The Christs”.

paragraph: Section::::Museums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museo de Arte Moderno de Buenos Aires[in Spanish] (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museo de Artes Plásticas Eduardo Sívori (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museo Colección de Arte Amalia Lacroce de Fortabat, (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museo de Arte de Tigre (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museo Genaro Pérez, Córdoba

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museo de Bellas Artes de Tres Arroyos (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museo de Bellas Artes de La Rioja (La Rioja Province, Argentina)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museo Provincial de Bellas Artes Timoteo Navarro (Tucumán Province, Argentina)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museo de Bellas Artes de Lugo (Spain)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museo de Bellas Artes de Lima (Peru)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo (Brazil)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Presas, Estudio Crítico”, (Presas: Critical Study) by Rafael Squirru, Ediciones El Mangrullo SA, Buenos Aires, 1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Leopoldo Presas: El Amor En Todas Sus Formas”, (Leopoldo Presas: Love in all Shapes) by Enrique Horacio Gené, Editorial Club de Estudio, Buenos Aires, 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Leopoldo Presas: Obras de Colección”, (Leopoldo Presas: Collection Works) by Raúl Santana and Nicolás Rubió, Editorial Argentina, Sociedad Editora e Impresora Del Río De La Plata, 2005

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- [in Spanish]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zurbarán Art Gallery website [in Spanish]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artist´s biography at the official website of Buenos Aires City Government

description: Argentine artist

wikidata_label: Leopoldo Presas

wikipedia_title: Leopoldo Presas