text:
French
Poitiers
Paris
Orléans
Bourges
Alciati
Roman law
Angers
Douaren
Budaeus
Connan
Humanist
French law
paratitla
Pandects
feudal law
Sébastien Gryphe
Sébastien Gryphe

categories: 1495 births,16th-century jurists,French jurists,French Renaissance humanists,French male non-fiction writers,1550 deaths

paragraph: Eguinaire Baron

paragraph: Eguinaire François, Baron de Kerlouan (1495–1550) was a French jurist. He is also variously referred to as Baro, "Eguinaire Baron", "Eguinarius Baro", "Eguinarius Baron", "Eguinar Baro" or "Eguin Baron".

paragraph: Baro studied law in Poitiers, Paris, Orléans and Bourges, probably with Alciati. He taught Roman law in Angers after 1538 and in 1542, with Douaren, in Bourges.

paragraph: Together with Budaeus, Alciati, Connan and others, Baro was among the founders of Humanist jurisprudence in France. He was the first to refer to the "ius gallicum", French law, as such, and pioneered the use of paratitla, brief summaries of Pandects titles, in his "Ad Digesta seu Pandectas Manualium libri septem". His other works include extensive commentaries and monographs on Roman and feudal law.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pandectarum juris civilis œconomia in adversariis miræ vetustatis apud Pictones inventa", Poitiers, Jean et Enguilbert de Marnef, 1535.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Institutionum civilium ab Justiniano Cæsare editarum libri IV, bipartito commentario quam brevissime illustrati ; cujus pars altera Romanum, altera Gallicum jus ad singulos titulos complectitur ; ad illustriss. principem Navarr. reginam", 1546 ; Poitiers, Jean et Enguilbert de Marnef, 1555.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eguinarii Baronis jurisconsulti Variarum quæstionum publice tractatarum ad Digesta juris civilis I., de jurisdictione ; cui accessit decretum ordinis juris professorum apud Bituriges de ordine, via & ratione interpretandi juris", Lyon, Sébastien Gryphe, 1548.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Methodus ad Obertum Ortensium de beneficiis, in libros quattuor divisa : Tôn prôtôn, I ; De acquirendo beneficio, II ; De abalienando & amittendo vel contra, III ; De judiciis ad beneficia pertinentibus, IV", Lyon, Sébastien Gryphe, 1549.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De ratione docendi discendique juris civilis", 1552 ; Pisa, 1769-71.

description: French jurist

wikidata_label: Eguinaire Baron

wikipedia_title: Eguinaire Baron


text:
French
aeronautical engineer
Darrieus rotor
wind turbine
vertical-axis
giromill
academie-sciences.fr
US patent 1,835,018

categories: French aerospace engineers,Wind turbines,1979 deaths,20th-century inventors,Fluid dynamicists,Members of the French Academy of Sciences,1888 births,French inventors

paragraph: Georges Jean Marie Darrieus

paragraph: Georges Jean Marie Darrieus (24 September 1888 – 15 July 1979) was a French aeronautical engineer in the 20th century. He is perhaps most famous for his invention of the Darrieus rotor, a wind turbine capable of operating from any direction and under adverse weather conditions, and the vertical-axis giromill.

paragraph: The invention is described in the 1931 US patent 1,835,018

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- academie-sciences.fr

paragraph: BULLET::::- US patent 1,835,018

description: French aerospace engineer

wikidata_label: Georges Jean Marie Darrieus

wikipedia_title: Georges Jean Marie Darrieus


text: American football

text: linebacker

text: National Football League

text: Dallas Cowboys

text: college football

text: Tennessee State University

text: football

text: Alabama A&M University

text: Tennessee State University

text: football

text: Ed "Too Tall" Jones

text: middle linebacker

text: Dallas Cowboys

text: Dirty Dozen Draft

text: 1975 college football season

text: NCAA

text: Senior Bowl

text: Dallas Cowboys

text: 1975 NFL Draft

text: NFL

text: special teams

text: outside linebacker

text: Thomas "Hollywood" Henderson

text: D. D. Lewis

text: Super Bowl XIII

text: Pittsburgh Steelers

text: Terry Bradshaw

text: touchdown

text: strong-side linebacker

text: 1979 season

text: injured reserve list

text: NFC Championship

text: Super Bowl

text: 1980 offseason

text: Cliff Harris

text: Roger Staubach

text: Bob Breunig

text: Tony Dorsett

categories: Tennessee State Tigers football players,African-American players of American football,Sportspeople from Memphis, Tennessee,Dallas Cowboys players,Players of American football from Tennessee,American football linebackers,1953 births,Living people,American football outside linebackers,Alabama A&M Bulldogs football players

paragraph: Mike Hegman

paragraph: Michael William Hegman (born January 17, 1953) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football at Tennessee State University.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Hegman did not start playing football until his senior year at Northside High School in Memphis. He began his college career at Alabama A&M University and then transferred to Tennessee State University, where he walked on to the football team. He was a teammate of Ed "Too Tall" Jones, and the starting middle linebacker on the school's 10-0 team, that won the Black college football national championship in 1973. The next year, he finished with a school record 158 tackles.

paragraph: At the end of his junior season, it was incorrectly believed that Hegman still had a year of eligibility. The Dallas Cowboys were apparently one of the only NFL teams that knew he was eligible for the draft, and drafted him in what came to be known as the Dirty Dozen Draft in 1975. Two games into the 1975 college football season, the NCAA declared him ineligible and forced him to sit our the rest of the games. Although he sat out most of the year, he was allowed to play in the Senior Bowl.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: The Dallas Cowboys selected him as a junior in the seventh round (173rd overall) of the 1975 NFL Draft. The team was allowed to retain his rights, after they were proven right that he was technically eligibile, because his class had graduated that year.

paragraph: After his unusual entrance into the NFL in 1976, he spent most of his first four seasons playing special teams and as an outside linebacker backup to Thomas "Hollywood" Henderson and D. D. Lewis. During Super Bowl XIII against the Pittsburgh Steelers, he made his most famous play, taking the ball from Terry Bradshaw and scoring on a 37-yard fumble return for a touchdown.

paragraph: Hegman became the starting strong-side linebacker after the team waived Henderson 11 games into the 1979 season. In 1985, he lost five games with a broken arm. In 1987, he missed 6 games with a broken leg.

paragraph: In 1988, he suffered cartilage tear in his right knee during the preseason and was placed on the injured reserve list. He was released as part of a youth movement on October 25.

paragraph: Hegman played 12 years and started in 116 games, becoming a dependable player in the Cowboys defense for more than a decade. He helped the Cowboys win 2 NFC Championships and 1 Super Bowl during his career.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: During the 1980 offseason, he faced prosecution on a charge of forging a friend's name on $10,534 worth of checks. The case was dismissed after he paid the money he owed, with the help of players like Cliff Harris, Roger Staubach, Bob Breunig and Tony Dorsett, who gave $2,000 dollars each to help cover the debt.

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Mike Hegman

wikipedia_title: Mike Hegman


text: Medieval Icelandic

text: Laxdœla saga

text: People of Laxárdalur

text: Guðrún Ósvífursdóttir

text: Ólafur Tryggvason

text: Bolli Bollasson

text: Snorri the Goði

text: Thorness Thing

text: compensation

text: Text with modern Icelandic spelling

text: Laxdæla saga

text: Project Gutenberg

text: Genealogy

text: Byzantine & Varangian Equipment

paragraph: Bolli Þorleiksson

paragraph: Bolli Þorleiksson (also Bolli Thorleiksson) was a key historical character in the Medieval Icelandic Laxdœla saga, which recounts the history of the People of Laxárdalur. He courted the famed Guðrún Ósvífursdóttir, but Guðrún preferred his foster-brother Kjartan Ólafsson. Guðrún gave herself to Bolli, because of a false rumour that Kjartan was engaged to Ingibjörg, the sister of King Ólafur Tryggvason. Bolli engaged in hostilities with his foster-brother, which ended with him killing Kjartan, and then being killed in turn by Kjartan's kinsmen at the dairy.

paragraph: Section::::Death and aftermath.

paragraph: Bolli was well known for his skill and his sword "Footbiter". Prior to the attack, Thorstein the Black said "however underhanded he may be where he is, you may make up your mind for a brisk defence on his part, strong and skilled at arms as he is. He also has a sword that for a weapon is a trusty one." Bolli dealt one of his attackers a blow with Footbiter, which clove him through the head to the shoulder, killing him.

paragraph: His second son, Bolli Bollasson, was born the winter after his killing, and his first son Thorleik was only four at the time. They grew up in Holyfell, after his mother Guðrún exchanged homes with the renowned Snorri the Goði. Guðrún constantly argued for revenge for his killing, but eventually his two sons made peace with the sons of Ólaf, Kjartan's kinsmen, at the Thorness Thing; it is not known how much money was exchanged in compensation as part of the agreement, but "both sides were thought to have gained in esteem from these affairs".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Full text and several English translations in the Icelandic Saga Database

paragraph: BULLET::::- Translation in English by Muriel Press (The Temple Classics, London, 1899)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Text with modern Icelandic spelling

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laxdæla saga in an English translation by Muriel A. C. Press, 1899, from Project Gutenberg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Byzantine & Varangian Equipment

wikidata_label: Bolli Þorleiksson

wikipedia_title: Bolli Þorleiksson


text: American

text: Harold Ware

text: John Abt

text: Ware Group

text: Whittaker Chambers

text: Alger Hiss

text: Madison, New Jersey

text: Walter Granville-Smith

text: New York City

text: Swarthmore College

text: Soviet Union

text: Quaker

text: American Friends Service Committee

text: Harold Ware

text: collective farm

text: Ural Mountains

text: Soviet Russia Today

text: Friends of Soviet Russia

text: Myra Page

text: New World Review

text: Ware Group

text: Whittaker Chambers

text: Adolf Berle

text: Harold Ware

text: Norman Thomas

text: John Abt

text: Ware Group

text: women's suffrage

text: Woman in Soviet Russia

text: People Come First

text: Soviet Democracy, and How It Works

text: Lenin's Impact on the United States

text: Harold Ware

text: John Abt

text: Ware Group

text: "Soviet democracy, and how it works.

text: Sovfoto

categories: Members of the Communist Party USA,American women journalists,Swarthmore College alumni,1895 births,1983 deaths

paragraph: Jessica Smith (editor)

paragraph: Jessica Smith (November 29, 1895–October 17, 1983) was an American editor and activist and was the wife of Harold Ware and subsequently John Abt, both members of the Ware Group run by Whittaker Chambers and whose members also included Alger Hiss.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Jessica Granville-Smith was born on November 29, 1895, in Madison, New Jersey, the daughter of painter Walter Granville-Smith of New York City, Jessica Granville-Smith (as she was known in her early life), graduated from Swarthmore College.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1922, she traveled to the Soviet Union with a Quaker Mission on behalf of a Quaker famine relief effort, the American Friends Service Committee. She was a relief worker there herself.

paragraph: In Moscow she met Harold Ware, an agricultural expert and socialist. They tried to establish a model collective farm in the Ural Mountains using American tractors. They returned New York by January 1925.

paragraph: Ware returned to Moscow for a time, while Smith remained in the United States to become editor of "Soviet Russia Today", a publication of the organization Friends of Soviet Russia. She held the position for more than twenty years. Her editorial board included American communist writer Myra Page.

paragraph: In 1943, she became a co-founder of National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, where she also served as vice president and a member of its national advisory council.

paragraph: Later, she served as editor of the "New World Review" for some years.

paragraph: Section::::Ware Group.

paragraph: Hal Ware founded the Ware Group in the early 1930s and held the first meeting late in 1933.

paragraph: In September 1939, Whittaker Chambers mentioned Smith in connection with Abt to Adolf Berle.

paragraph: Section::::Personal and death.

paragraph: While in Moscow in the early 1920s, Smith met Harold Ware, an agricultural expert and socialist. In 1925, they were married in New York by Norman Thomas. They had one child, David Ware. In 1935, Ware died in an automobile accident.

paragraph: In 1937, Smith married John Abt, a member of the Ware Group.

paragraph: Smith died in 1983; Abt died in 1991.

paragraph: She had a "deep commitment to American-Soviet friendship... continuously demonstrated by staunch support of the program of the National Council." She "dedicated her long life to US-USSR friendship and peace."

paragraph: She also championed women's suffrage.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Smith worked on many books and article in her life.

paragraph: Books written or co-written:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Woman in Soviet Russia" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Over the North Pole" by Georgiĭ Baĭdukov and Jessica Smith (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "People Come First" (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jungle Law or Human Reason? The North Atlantic Pact and What It Means to You" (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The American People Want Peace: A Survey of Public Opinion" (New York: SRT Publications, 1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hungary in Travail" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Soviet Democracy, and How It Works" (New York: National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, 1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Building a New Society : The 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" (1976)

paragraph: Books edited or co-edited:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "War and Peace in Finland: A Documented Survey", edited by Alter Brody, Theodore M. Bayer, Isidor Schneider, Jessica Smith (New York : Soviet Russia Today, 1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The U.S.S.R. and World Peace", edited by Jessica Smith (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lenin's Impact on the United States", edited by Daniel Mason, Jessica Smith, David Laibman (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Voices of Tomorrow: The 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", edited by Jessica Smith (New York, NWR Publications, 1971)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harold Ware

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Abt

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ware Group

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Soviet democracy, and how it works. All photos from Sovfoto

description: editor

wikidata_label: Jessica Smith

wikipedia_title: Jessica Smith (editor)


text:
Jacobite
Secretary of State
1745 Rising
Battle of Culloden
Lord Lovat
Prince Charles
Broughton in the Scottish Borders
1715 Rising
Ardnamurchan
Strontian
Nithsdale
Covenanter
Cameronians
Lt-General Thomas Murray
Quaker
Charles Murray
Livorno
University of Edinburgh
University of Leyden
Dutch Republic
Grand Tour
Rome
James Stuart
1719 Rising
Masonic lodge
Duke of Hamilton
War of the Austrian Succession
Dettingen
Louis XV
Dunkirk
Edinburgh
James, later 6th Duke of Hamilton
Lord Elcho
Earl of Traquair
Eriskay
Secretary
Paisley
Perth
Lord George Murray
Tullibardine
Carlisle
Derby
siege of Stirling
Inverness
Battle of Culloden
privateers
Loch nan Uamh
fought their way out
Lord John Drummond
Duke of Perth
Leith
Lochiel
Archibald Cameron
Alastair MacDonnell, aka Pickle the spy
Tower of London
MacPherson of Cluny
John Roy Stewart
Loch Morar
Lord Lovat
Simon, Master of Lovat
dysentery
Polmood
prisoner of war
Francis Towneley
Manchester Regiment
provide information
Duncan Forbes
chief legal officer in Scotland
the Duke of Beaufort
Sir John Douglas
MP for Dumfriesshire
Stirling
Williams-Wynn
Cheshunt
Lord Elcho
Tales of a Grandfather
Sir Walter Scott

categories: Alumni of the University of Edinburgh,Scottish Freemasons,People of the Jacobite rising of 1745,1777 deaths,Scottish Jacobites,1715 births,People from the Scottish Borders,Leiden University alumni

paragraph: John Murray of Broughton

paragraph: Sir John Murray of Broughton, 7th Baron Stanhope (c. 1715 – 6 December 1777), also known as Murray of Broughton served as Jacobite Secretary of State in charge of civilian administration during the 1745 Rising.

paragraph: Captured in June 1746 after the Battle of Culloden, he was taken to London and later provided testimony against a number of those tried for pro-Jacobite activities, including Lord Lovat. His motives are still disputed but one factor appears to have been bitterness towards those who failed to deliver support promised in advance of the Rising.

paragraph: Released in 1748, he retired into a life of relative obscurity until his death in 1777. Although denounced as a traitor by some of his former colleagues, he retained his Jacobite beliefs and was one of the few to remain on good terms with Prince Charles.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: John Murray was born in Broughton in the Scottish Borders, younger son of Sir David Murray and his second wife Margaret Scott. His father took part in the 1715 Rising but was pardoned and thereafter focused on restoring the family fortunes. In 1726, he sold his estates in Broughton, investing the proceeds in purchasing lands in Ardnamurchan and lead mines at Strontian.

paragraph: In 1739, Murray married Margaret, daughter of Colonel Robert Ferguson of Nithsdale. The Fergusons were a well-known Covenanter family and Robert served with the Cameronians, a regiment originally recruited from militant Presbyterians in 1689. They had five children, including three sons, David (1743-1791), Robert (1745-1793) and Lt-General Thomas Murray (ca 1749-1816).

paragraph: Margaret was reportedly one of the beauties of her time and they divorced sometime before 1749, after accusations of adultery on both sides. Murray's second wife was 'a young Quaker lady named Webb, whom he found in a provincial boarding-school in England.' This marriage produced six children, the most noteworthy being actor and dramatist Charles Murray (1754-1821).

paragraph: His nephew Sir David, fourth baron Stanhope, also took part in the 1745 Rising and lost both lands and title; pardoned on condition he went into exile, he died in Livorno in 1752. The title of Baron Stanhope was restored in the 1760s and eventually passed to Murray in 1770, then to his eldest son David in 1777.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Murray attended the University of Edinburgh from 1732 to 1735, before enrolling at the University of Leyden in the Dutch Republic. In 1737, he embarked on the 18th century cultural excursion known as the Grand Tour; this included Rome, one of whose attractions was seeing the exiled James Stuart and his sons. The Jacobite cause had been largely dormant since the 1719 Rising and when Murray met him, James was living quietly in Rome "having abandoned all hope of a restoration."

paragraph: Meeting the Stuarts was enough for most but in August, Murray was admitted to the Masonic lodge in Rome, whose members included James Edgar, private secretary to James. The Lodge was later described by historian Andrew Lang as 'a nest of Jacobites' and this seems to be the origin of Murray's career as a Jacobite activist.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Jacobite activist.

paragraph: After returning to Scotland in December 1738, Murray married Margaret Ferguson and repurchased the family estate of Broughton, later sold in 1764 to James Dickson, a wealthy merchant and Member of Parliament. In 1741, the Duke of Hamilton approved his appointment as principal Jacobite agent in Scotland following the death of Colonel James Urquhart.

paragraph: The outbreak of the War of the Austrian Succession in 1740 placed Britain and France on opposing sides and Murray made frequent visits to Paris, carrying messages between Scottish Jacobites and Lord Sempil, the Stuart agent in Paris. Defeat at Dettingen in June 1743 prompted Louis XV to look for ways to divert British resources, including a proposed invasion of England in early 1744 to restore the Stuarts. Charles secretly joined the invasion force in Dunkirk but the attempt was cancelled in March after the French fleet was severely damaged by winter storms.

paragraph: In August, Charles travelled to Paris to argue for an alternative landing in Scotland, where he met with Murray, telling him he was "determined to come to Scotland, though with a single footman". After his return to Edinburgh in December, Murray shared this news with the pro-Jacobite Buck Club, whose members included James, later 6th Duke of Hamilton and Lord Elcho. They prepared a written declaration urging him not to do so, unless he brought 6,000 French troops, money and weapons; this was given to the 5th Earl of Traquair (1699-1764) for delivery but was never sent.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Secretary Murray; the 1745 Rising.

paragraph: In late June, Murray learned Charles was preparing to sail from France and waited in Western Scotland for three weeks, hoping to dissuade him from landing. He eventually gave up and was at home when news came of their arrival at Eriskay on 23 July. After Charles refused to return to France, Murray became Secretary, with responsibility for civilian administration and finances. One way to rise money was to collect existing taxes and many towns paid twice, as the government refused to recognise payments to the Jacobites; in 1753, Paisley unsuccessfully sued Murray for £500 levied in 1745.

paragraph: The Jacobite army marched on Edinburgh, reaching Perth on 3 September; here they were joined by Lord George Murray, who had participated in the 1715 and 1719 Risings. Pardoned in 1725, he had settled down to life as a Scottish country gentleman; his brother Tullibardine accompanied Charles to Scotland but his eldest son was a British army officer. His defection surprised both sides and many Jacobites viewed him with suspicion, not helped by his poorly concealed view of Charles as a 'reckless adventurer.' Murray was later blamed for the frequent clashes between Charles and his senior Scottish commander, but even admirers recorded Lord George's talents were offset by a quick temper, arrogance and inability to take advice.

paragraph: Murray accompanied the army into England and helped negotiate the surrender of Carlisle in November. He was not part of the Prince's War Council and thus avoided responsibility for the decision to retreat at Derby; this marked a major deterioration in the relationship between Charles and the Scots, Murray being one of the few to retain his trust. After the unsuccessful siege of Stirling was abandoned in early February, the Jacobites retreated to Inverness; in March, Murray fell ill and was replaced by the far less capable Hay of Restalrig.

paragraph: Money and basic items like shoes were now so short soldiers were paid in oatmeal and supplies requisitioned from local shopkeepers. When the campaign reopened in April, the leadership decided only a decisive victory could change the strategic position; defeated at the Battle of Culloden, Charles ordered his remaining troops to disperse until he returned from France with additional support.

paragraph: In early May, two French privateers arrived in Loch nan Uamh, bringing 35,000 gold coins packed in seven barrels for the Jacobite war effort. With the Royal Navy close behind, the money was hastily landed and the French ships fought their way out, carrying a number of senior officers, including Lord John Drummond and the Duke of Perth. Murray was in Leith seeking passage to Holland with Lochiel and his younger brother Archibald Cameron when they heard of the ships arrival. Hoping to use these funds to continue the war, the three travelled to Loch nan Uamh and took charge of the money, although one barrel was missing.

paragraph: What happened to the rest is unclear; Murray claimed some was distributed in back pay and the bulk consigned to Archibald Cameron for safekeeping, which agrees with the detailed account provided by Cameron in 1750. In the recriminations that followed defeat, various people were accused of stealing it, including Cameron, executed in 1753 after returning to Scotland allegedly to dig it up, Alastair MacDonnell, aka Pickle the spy, who spent the Rising in the Tower of London and MacPherson of Cluny. Despite suggestions it remains hidden, modern-day treasure hunters have yet to find any trace of it.

paragraph: A few days later, Lochiel, Murray, Glenbucket, John Roy Stewart and others met near Loch Morar to discuss options. They were joined by Lord Lovat, who had avoided personal participation but supplied the Jacobites with 300 Frasers under his son, Simon, Master of Lovat. All agreed to continue a guerrilla campaign and reassemble a few days later with their men, using the French money to cover arrears of pay. Lovat asked that his share be given directly to his 'steward', which Murray implies was a ruse to obtain part of the money for himself. When they reassembled a few days later, those who did show up brought substantially fewer men than agreed, while many did not attend at all, including the Frasers.

paragraph: Plans to continue the fight were abandoned and with government forces searching for them, the group split up. Still hoping to arrange passage from Leith and suffering from severe dysentery, Murray made his way to his sister's house at Polmood. He was arrested there on 27 June, although it was later suggested that he sent messages asking to be taken into custody. He was transferred to the Tower of London in early July, along with other senior Jacobites, including Lovat, who had been apprehended in early June. Lochiel, Archibald Cameron, Glenbucket and others finally met up with Prince Charles and were picked up by a French ship in September.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Trial and later life.

paragraph: Murray was provided with a French officer's commission in 1743, in the hope this would allow him to be treated as a prisoner of war, rather than a rebel but this was rejected. The same defence failed to save Francis Towneley, commander of the Manchester Regiment; he was executed on 30 July despite being a major with eight years service in the French army.

paragraph: Most high-ranking Jacobite prisoners were tried and sentenced before Murray arrived in London but he agreed to provide information against his former associates in return for a pardon. While some accounts claim his testimony led to Lovat's execution, it was primarily used to confirm details of the evidence; his participation was not in dispute and many contemporaries felt he would have been executed anyway. In October 1745, he attempted to kidnap his long-term associate Duncan Forbes, chief legal officer in Scotland, who wrote that his motive was to 'ruin and subvert the government, because they (would not) gratify his...avaricious passions and desires.'

paragraph: Of far greater long-term significance was Murray's testimony against sympathisers who failed to support the Rising, although he avoided incriminating those he had not met, like the Duke of Beaufort, known to be 'a most determined and unwavering Jacobite.' As with Lovat, he largely confirmed details already known, such as the meeting between Charles and Sir John Douglas, MP for Dumfriesshire at Stirling in January 1746. Two of his brothers served in the Jacobite army so Douglas' sympathies were hardly unknown but Murray stated he was surprised to see him, 'never having suspected him to be in the Pretender's interest.'

paragraph: No further action was taken against Douglas and others but this ended the practice whereby many British politicians could in theory support the overthrow of their own government and institutions with impunity. The Tory Jacobite leader Williams-Wynn shows why the government considered this necessary; on various occasions prior to 1745, he provided Stuart agents with promises of support but spent the Rising in London. Despite this, he wrote to Charles in late 1747 claiming his supporters wished for 'another happy opportunity wherein they may exert themselves more in deeds than in words, in the support of your Royal Highness's dignity and interest and the cause of liberty.'

paragraph: Released from the Tower after Lovat's execution, Murray was formally pardoned in June 1748 and disappeared into obscurity. He purchased a property in Cheshunt, outside London, where he was reportedly visited by Charles in 1763, remarried and had another six children. He was allegedly treated for alcoholism on a number of occasions; he succeeded his nephew David as Baron Stanhope in 1770 and died at home in December 1777.

paragraph: Section::::Assessment.

paragraph: Assessing Murray is complicated because arguments over responsibility for the failure of the Rising often reflected deep divisions within the Jacobite camp. In their accounts, Maxwell of Kirkconnel and Lord Elcho both accused him of deliberately poisoning relations between Charles and Lord George Murray but Maxwell in particular detested Murray and cannot be viewed as an impartial witness.

paragraph: In the notes to their 1930 edition of Lord Pitsligo's Letters, the Taylers claim Murray "was strongly in favour of the...expedition to Scotland, and made the utmost of all the promises of support, which he poured into the ready ear of Charles..." While hard to determine the exact truth, the available evidence shows Charles decided to make the attempt before he even met Murray and despite being strongly urged not to do so by nearly everyone he contacted.

paragraph: Those who accused him of 'treachery' included people like Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn who failed to follow through on promises of support; Murray later wrote 'virtue [may be] admird and Esteemed even by those who have not the fortitude to pursue it.' Most anecdotes about him come from Tales of a Grandfather, a history of Scotland written for his grandson in 1828 by novelist Sir Walter Scott; while its timeline of events is broadly accurate, many of the stories cannot be verified. They include the claim that when asked if he knew Murray, Douglas responded 'once I knew...a Murray of Broughton, but that was a gentleman and a man of honour.' Another concerns Scott's father, who allegedly acted as Murray's lawyer; according to Scott, his mother once took them tea and after Murray left, his father threw the cup out of the window, exclaiming "I may admit into my house...persons wholly unworthy to be treated as guests... Neither lip of me nor of mine comes after Mr. Murray of Broughton's."

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kybert, Susan Maclean (1988) "Bonnie Prince Charlie: A biography". Unwin.

alias: Sir John Murray of Broughton, 7th Baronet Stanhope

description: Scottish Jacobite

wikidata_label: John Murray of Broughton

wikipedia_title: John Murray of Broughton


text:
Duke of Swabia
Leopold I
Babenberg
Margrave of Austria
Richardis of Sualafeldgau
Henry II
King of Germany
Hermann III
Gisela of Swabia
Ernest
Hermann
Würzburg

categories: 10th-century births,1015 deaths,Dukes of Swabia

paragraph: Ernest I, Duke of Swabia

paragraph: Ernest I (died 31 March or 31 May 1015) was the Duke of Swabia (1012–1015). He was a younger son of Leopold I, the Babenberg Margrave of Austria. His mother was called Richardis of Sualafeldgau.

paragraph: Section::::Life and family.

paragraph: In 1012 Henry II, King of Germany, gave the Duchy of Swabia to Ernest following the death of its childless ruler Hermann III. In order to further legitimatize his rule as duke, he married Gisela of Swabia, the eldest sister of Hermann.

paragraph: Ernest and Gisela had two sons, Ernest and Hermann, both of whom would eventually become dukes of Swabia themselves. Ernest died in 1015 as a result of a hunting accident and was succeeded by his son Ernest. He was buried in Würzburg.

description: Duke of Swabia from 1012 to 1015

wikidata_label: Ernest I

wikipedia_title: Ernest I, Duke of Swabia


text: Duke of Swabia

text: Ernest I

text: Gisela of Swabia

text: Babenberg

text: Ernest II

text: Emperor Conrad II

text: Adelaide of Susa

text: marchioness of Turin

text: Southern Italy

text: Naples

text: Henry I

text: Henry of Montferrat

text: Trento Cathedral

text: Genealogie Mittelalter

categories: 1038 deaths,Babenberg,1010s births,Dukes of Swabia

paragraph: Herman IV, Duke of Swabia

paragraph: Herman IV (c. 1015-July 1038) was the Duke of Swabia (1030–1038). He was the second son of Ernest I and Gisela of Swabia. He was one of the Babenberg dukes of Swabia.

paragraph: Herman became duke in 1030 following the death of his older brother Ernest II. At the time he was still a minor.

paragraph: Seven years later, his stepfather, the Emperor Conrad II, married him to Adelaide of Susa, the marchioness of Turin, in January 1037. Herman was then invested as margrave of Turin. In July of the next year, while campaigning with Conrad in Southern Italy, he was struck down by an epidemic near Naples. Conrad then transferred rule of the duchy of Swabia to his own son, Henry I, while Adelaide remarried to Henry of Montferrat.

paragraph: He was buried in Trento Cathedral on 28 July 1038, because the summer heat made it impossible to bring his corpse back to Germany.

paragraph: Because of a late Austrian source, Herman is sometimes mistakenly said to have had children. This was not the case. Herman was on campaign for much of his short marriage to Adelaide and he died without heirs.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'Hermann IV., Hzg. v. Schwaben,' in: "Lexikon des Mittelalters" (LexMA), vol. 4 (Munich and Zürich, 1989), cols. 2161–2162.

paragraph: BULLET::::- D. Schwennicke, "" (Marburg, 1978).

paragraph: BULLET::::- S. Hellmann, "Die Grafen von Savoyen und das Reich: bis zum Ende der staufischen Periode" (Innsbruck, 1900), accessible online (but without page numbers) at: Genealogie Mittelalter

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hermann IV, Herzog von Schwaben (1030-1038), Markgraf von Turin-Susa (1036-1038) (in German)

description: Duke of Swabia

wikidata_label: Herman IV, Duke of Swabia

wikipedia_title: Herman IV, Duke of Swabia


text:
Italy
Luigi Einaudi
Giulio Einaudi
Giulio Einaudi Editore
law faculty
Robert Michels
Edmund Burke
Fredrich Meinecke
Carl Schmitt
Harvard University
Rockefeller fellow
United States Supreme Court
University of Messina
Fordham University
World War II
Cornell University
New York City
Ithaca, NY
Ford Foundation
Fondazione Luigi Einaudi
Piedmont, Italy
Cornell University Press

categories: Harvard University alumni,Cornell University faculty,University of Turin alumni,Rockefeller Fellows,Fordham University faculty,1905 births,International relations scholars,1994 deaths,Academics of the London School of Economics,Italian political scientists,Harvard University faculty

paragraph: Mario Einaudi

paragraph: Mario Einaudi was a scholar of political theory and European comparative politics. He was born in 1904 in Italy in one of the most influential intellectual family in Italy. His father, Luigi Einaudi, was one of Italy's great economic thinkers and later became the second President of the Republic of Italy (1948–55). His brother, Giulio Einaudi, was antifascist and the founder of the leading intellectual publishing house Giulio Einaudi Editore. A graduate of the University of Turin's distinguished law faculty, Mario Einaudi married Manon Michels, the daughter of the socialist Robert Michels, in 1933.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After graduation from Turin with a dissertation on Edmund Burke, Einaudi went to Berlin, where he met German jurists Fredrich Meinecke and Carl Schmitt. He then spent two years at the London School of Economics working with William Beveridge, Harold Laski, Graham Wallas and A. D. Lindsay. While in London, he also met exiles from Fascism, Don Luigi Sturzo and Gaetano Salvemini, both of whom had formed political parties after World War I, only to be brushed aside by Mussolini.

paragraph: From 1927 – 1929, Einaudi attended Harvard University as a Rockefeller fellow, conducting research on the United States Supreme Court. Later, he was fired from the faculty at the University of Messina for refusing to sign the Fascist oath; however, Harvard University gave him refuge, first as a tutor and then as an instructor.

paragraph: In 1938, Einaudi was appointed as Assistant Professor at Fordham University where he was active in the struggle against fascism during World War II. He worked for the Office of War Information and the Council on Foreign Relations and began to teach future Allied Military Government personnel about European government once a week at Cornell University. It is said that he prepared his lectures on the now defunct Lehigh Valley railroad, during his commute between New York City and Ithaca, NY.

paragraph: Section::::Cornell University.

paragraph: Einaudi joined the Government Department of Cornell University in 1945 and immediately set about changing the course of comparative political theory. Eventually, Einaudi became the Goldwin Smith Professor, chair of the Department of Government from 1951 to 1956 and again from 1959 to 1963, presiding over an expansion of the Department from 5 to 12 members. Three central tenets to Einaudi's work were: that the study of politics must be embedded in history; that Europe and the United States have much to teach each other about the practice of democratic politics; and that the classics of political theory must inform the study of contemporary democratic states. These themes were best embodied in his 1959 book, The Roosevelt Revolution.

paragraph: In 1960, Einaudi was asked to be the founding director of the Center for International Studies to initiate Cornell University's newfound commitment to engage in interdisciplinary research in international affairs. He envisioned international studies going beyond courses in area studies and foreign languages to include academic efforts to deal with economic, social, and development problems around the world. His foresight and leadership resulted in a design for the Center that insured its viability and growth into the future. Starting with a $3.25 million grant from the Ford Foundation in 1962, he raised more than $11 million to fund and endow international studies at Cornell during his leadership of the Center from 1960-1962, 1966-1968.

paragraph: Section::::Fondazione Luigi Einaudi.

paragraph: In 1964, he founded the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi in Turin, Italy in honor of his father. As Italian universities entered the turbulent 1960s, Einaudi recognized that European scholars were without necessary relief from teaching and administration needed to devote themselves to research. Hence, the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi was formed to transplant the American idea of the independent research institute to Italy. Today, it houses one of the world's most important economic history collections and gives postgraduate fellowships for students from around the world.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement.

paragraph: Although Einaudi retired in 1972, he remained active in Cornell's Center for International Studies, advising students, supporting its many activities, and inspiring the founding and expansion of the Institute for European Studies. With the help of the Italian Government, Einaudi also raised the funds for the Luigi Einaudi Chair in European and International Studies at Cornell. Since 1987, the Chair brings distinguished European scholars working in fields related to Luigi Einaudi's interest to the Cornell campus on a rotating basis.

paragraph: In 1991, the Cornell's Center for International Studies was renamed the Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies. Cornell's Board of Trustees honored him for his long dedication to the University and as a "tireless proponent of clear and critical thinking, democracy, and ethics in politics; and a firm believer in the power of human values to transform the world."

paragraph: Mario Einaudi died in 1994 in Piedmont, Italy.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Physiocratic Doctrine of Judicial Control" Harvard University Press, 1938

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Communism in Western Europe" Cornell University Press, 1951

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Christian Democracy in Italy and France"(co-authored with François Goguel) University of Notre Dame Press, 1952

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nationalization in France and Italy" (co-authored with Maurice Byé and Ernesto Rossi) Cornell University Press, 1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Roosevelt Revolution and the New American State" New York: Harcourt Brace, 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Early Rousseau" Cornell University Press, 1967

description: Italian political scientist

wikidata_label: Mario Einaudi

wikipedia_title: Mario Einaudi


text:
Spanish
Archbishop
Roman Catholic Church
Valencia, Spain
Diocese of Málaga
Tiburnia
Archdiocese of Granada
List of oldest Catholic bishops
Barbastro Diocese
Spain Military Ordinate
Malaga Diocese
Granada Diocese

categories: 2008 deaths,20th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Participants in the Second Vatican Council,1914 births,Archbishops of Granada

paragraph: Emilio Benavent Escuín

paragraph: Emilio Benavent Escuín (10 April 1914 – 4 January 2008) was a Spanish Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Escuín was born in Valencia, Spain and was ordained a priest on 18 July 1943. He was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Málaga as well as titular Bishop of Cercina on 6 December 1954 and was consecrated on 13 February 1955. On 13 February 1960 he was appointed coadjutor Bishop of Diocese of Málaga and then bishop on 7 April 1967. The Following year Escuín was appointed coadjutor bishop of the Archdiocese of Granada and Titular bishop of Tiburnia. Escuin succeeded as Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Granada. He was appointed bishop of the Military Ordinariate of Spain on as well as titular bishop of Maximiana in Numidia. Escuin resigned from Military Ordinariate in October 1982 and as titular bishop of Maximiana in Numidia on 7 March 1998.

paragraph: Archbishop Escuín died on 4 January 2008 at the age of 93.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of oldest Catholic bishops

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barbastro Diocese

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spain Military Ordinate

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malaga Diocese

paragraph: BULLET::::- Granada Diocese

description: bishop

wikidata_label: Emilio Benavent Escuín

wikipedia_title: Emilio Benavent Escuín


text: Mapuche

text: toqui

text: Cadeguala

text: Purén

text: Marihueñu

text: Espíritu Santo

text: Catirai

text: Tavolevo River

text: Bio Bio River

text: Santísima Trinidad

text: Alonso de Sotomayor

text: Villa Rica

text: Janequeo

text: Pehuenche

text: Quintuguenu

categories: 16th-century Mapuche people,Captaincy General of Chile,Indigenous leaders of the Americas,People of the Arauco War,1590 deaths,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Guanoalca

paragraph: Guanoalca (or Huenualca) (died 1590) was the Mapuche "toqui" (leader) elected in 1586 following the death in battle of the previous toqui, Cadeguala, killed in a duel with the garrison commander of the Spanish fort at Purén in 1586. He returned to continue the siege and forced the Spanish to evacuate the fort, which he then destroyed.

paragraph: He then directed his army against the Spanish fort newly built on the heights of Marihueñu but finding it too strongly held to attack he diverted his attacks against the newly established fort of Espíritu Santo, in the valley of Catirai where the Tavolevo River meets the Bio Bio River and the fort of Santísima Trinidad on the opposite shore. The governor Alonso de Sotomayor, evacuated Trinidad in 1591.

paragraph: While he was toqui in the south near Villa Rica, the female leader Janequeo led Mapuche and Pehuenche warriors against the Spanish.

paragraph: The old toqui Guanoalca died at the end of 1590, and in 1591, Quintuguenu was his successor.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Geographical, Natural, and Civil History of Chili By Don Juan Ignatius Molina, Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, Paternoster-Row, London, 1809

paragraph: BULLET::::- José Ignacio Víctor Eyzaguirre, Historia eclesiastica: Politica y literaria de Chile, IMPRENTA DEL COMERCIO, VALPARAISO, June 1830 List of Toquis, pg. 162-163, 498-500.

description: Mapuche leader

wikidata_label: Guanoalca

wikipedia_title: Guanoalca


text:
Rauma
Finland
ice hockey
goaltender
Finland
Italy
Norway
Sweden
Russia
Czech Republic
Germany
2007-08
Karjala Tournament
Mestis
Jääkotkat
FPS
HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk
Russia
Viking Hockey
Norway
HC Val Pusterial Wolves
Italy
Mora IK
Sweden
2009-10
Kontinental Hockey League
Ak Bars Kazan
Gagarin Cup
HC Lev Praha
2013-14
Eisbären Berlin
Deutsche Eishockey Liga
2017–18
Finnish national team
Deutsche Eishockey Liga
2017–18
KHL
2013-14
Gagarin Cup
2009-10
KHL
Karjala Tournament
2009
GET-ligaen

categories: Ak Bars Kazan players,Expatriate ice hockey players in Russia,HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk players,Viking Hockey players,HC Lev Praha players,Eisbären Berlin players,Mora IK players,1977 births,Lukko players,Living people

paragraph: Petri Vehanen

paragraph: Petri Vehanen (born October 9, 1977, Rauma, Finland) is a retired Finnish professional ice hockey goaltender. During his career, he played for clubs in his native Finland, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Russia, Czech Republic and Germany. He won the World Championship with the Finnish national team in 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Liiga.

paragraph: Vehanen has played his entire SM-liiga career for Lukko which is his hometown team. Vehanen has established himself as the starting goaltender for Lukko and played a solid season in 2007-08 season, earning himself a spot at the Finnish National Team roster. In the 2009 Karjala Tournament he was selected as the best goaltender.

paragraph: Vehanen also has played for Mestis teams Jääkotkat and FPS.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Europe.

paragraph: Vehanen has played in Europe for HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk of Russia, Viking Hockey of Norway, where he was voted best goaltender, HC Val Pusterial Wolves in Italy and Mora IK in Sweden. Midway through the 2009-10 season, he joined the Kontinental Hockey League with Ak Bars Kazan, he made an immediate impact to help Kazan claim the Gagarin Cup, compiling the best Goals against average, save percentage and selected as the league's best goaltender.

paragraph: After three seasons with Ak Bars, Vehanen returned to Lukko for a solitary season before again resuming his career in the KHL with HC Lev Praha. Vehanen took Praha to their maiden Gagarin Cup finals in the 2013-14 season, before the club disbanded.

paragraph: On July 20, 2014, Vehanen opted to sign with German club, Eisbären Berlin of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL), on a one-year contract. He eventually stayed until the conclusion of the 2017–18 season. He announced his retirement in late April 2018 shortly after falling short in the DEL finals.

paragraph: Section::::International Play.

paragraph: Vehanen played in his first International tournament in 2008, when he was selected to Finnish national team to play in 2008 Ice Hockey World Championships. Vehanen's World Championship debut came when he played against Norway which Finland won 3-2 after overtime. In 2011 Ice Hockey World Championships Finland won gold with Vehanen as a starting goaltender. In the final game Vehanen made 32 saves leading his team to a 6-1 win against Sweden.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) Runners-up in 2017–18

paragraph: BULLET::::- KHL Runner-up in 2013-14

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won the Gagarin Cup in 2009-10

paragraph: BULLET::::- KHL best goalkeeper in 2009–10

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karjala Tournament Best Goaltender in 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karjala Tournament All-Star team in 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- GET-ligaen All-Star team in 1998-99

description: Finnish ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Petri Vehanen

wikipedia_title: Petri Vehanen


text: Frank

text: Tombstone, Arizona

text: Arizona Territory

text: Cowboys

text: cattle rustlers

text: Wyatt

text: Virgil

text: Morgan Earp

text: Gunfight at the O.K. Corral

text: Tombstone

text: Arizona Territory

text: Meredith, New York

text: Belle Plaine, Iowa

text: Frank McLaury

text: judge

text: Fort Worth, Texas

text: Hereford, Arizona

text: Ike Clanton

text: Arizona Territory

text: boomtown

text: "Curly Bill" Brocius

text: Fred White

text: U.S. Army

text: Camp Rucker

text: Cowboy

text: brand

text: handbill

text: The Tombstone Epitaph

text: silver bullion

text: Pete Spence

text: Frank Stilwell

text: Contention City

text: Cowboys

text: Ike Clanton

text: pistol-whipped

text: eye-witness

text: Wells Spicer

text: preliminary hearing

text: O.K. Corral hearing

text: The Tombstone Epitaph

text: gun belt

text: cartridges

text: Clara Spalding Brown

text: correspondent

text: San Diego Union

text: preliminary hearing

text: Cowboys

text: Saloon

text: Morgan Earp

text: biographies

text: historian

text: eyewitness

text: buggy

text: Cowboys

text: barricade

text: Fort Worth, Texas

text: preliminary hearing

text: Fort Worth

text: Frank and Tom McLaury

text: Tom McLaury

text: Did Tom McLaury have a Gun

text: Earp Accounts of the Shootout

text: Witness Claims

categories: 1881 deaths,People from Tombstone, Arizona,1853 births,Cochise County conflict,History of the American West,Gunslingers of the American Old West,People from Delaware County, New York,Arizona pioneers,People shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States

paragraph: Tom McLaury

paragraph: Tom McLaury (June 30, 1853 – October 26, 1881) was an American outlaw. He and his brother Frank owned a ranch outside Tombstone, Arizona, Arizona Territory during the 1880s. He was a member of group of outlaw Cowboys and cattle rustlers that had ongoing conflicts with lawmen Wyatt, Virgil, and Morgan Earp. The McLaury brothers repeatedly threatened the Earps because they interfered with the Cowboys' illegal activities. On October 26, 1881, Tom and Frank were both killed in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, Arizona Territory. The Tombstone shootout was his only gunfight.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born Thomas McLaury in Meredith, New York, he was two years old when his family moved to Belle Plaine, Iowa. Both he and his older brother Frank McLaury studied pre-law, and their oldest brother William McLaury eventually became a judge in Fort Worth, Texas. Tom was 5' 3" tall and his brother Frank was 5'4" tall.

paragraph: Section::::Move to Arizona.

paragraph: In 1878 he and Frank moved to Hereford, Arizona, where they first met Ike Clanton and became associated with the Clanton family. At the time, the Clanton family owned one of the largest cattle operations in the Arizona Territory, although their success was based at least in part on stealing cattle from Mexico Rancheros and later U.S. ranches.

paragraph: By 1879 the two brothers cattle business was growing and they purchased land and built a house at Soldiers Holes. Their ranching operation was near the silver-mining boomtown of Tombstone, Arizona Territory, as its population soared due to the silver rush. They became associated with "Curly Bill" Brocius. On October 27, 1880, the two brothers were briefly detained when Brocius accidentally shot and killed Tombstone Town Marshal Fred White.

paragraph: Section::::Outlaw activity.

paragraph: Tom McLaury was involved in several outlaw activities that brought him into conflict with the Earps.

paragraph: Section::::Outlaw activity.:Steals U.S. mules.

paragraph: On July 25, 1880, U.S. Army Captain Joseph H. Hurst asked Deputy U.S. Marshal Virgil Earp to assist him in tracking Cowboys who had stolen six U.S. Army mules from Camp Rucker. Virgil requested the assistance of his brothers Wyatt and Morgan, along with Wells Fargo agent Marshall Williams, and they found the mules at the McLaurys' ranch. McLaury was a Cowboy, which in that time and region was generally regarded as an outlaw. Legitimate cowmen were referred to as cattle herders or ranchers. They found the branding iron used to change the "U.S." brand to "D.8." Stealing the mules was a federal offense because the animals were U.S. property.

paragraph: Cowboy Frank Patterson "made some kind of a compromise" with Captain Hurst and persuaded the posse to withdraw with the understanding that the mules would be returned. The Cowboys showed up two days later without the mules and laughed at Captain Hurst and the Earps. In response, Capt. Hurst printed a handbill describing the theft, and specifically charged McLaury with assisting in hiding the mules. He also reproduced the flyer in "The Tombstone Epitaph", on July 30, 1880. McLaury angrily printed a response in the Cowboy-friendly "Nuggett", calling Hurst "unmanly," "a coward, a vagabond, a rascal, and a malicious liar," and accused Hurst of stealing the mules himself. Capt. Hurst later cautioned Wyatt, Virgil, and Morgan that the cowboys had threatened their lives. Virgil reported that Frank accosted him and warned him "If you ever again follow us as close as you did, then you will have to fight anyway." A month later Earp ran into Frank and Tom McLaury in Charleston, and they told him if he ever followed them as he had done before, they would kill him.

paragraph: Section::::Outlaw activity.:Stage robberies.

paragraph: Tensions between the Earps and both the Clantons and McLaurys increased through 1881. On March 15, 1881 at 10:00 pm, three Cowboys attempted to rob a Kinnear & Company stagecoach carrying US$26,000 in silver bullion (about $ in today's dollars) near Benson, during which popular driver Eli "Budd" Philpot and passenger Peter Roerig were killed.

paragraph: Tensions further increased between the Earps and the McLaurys when a passenger stage on the Sandy Bob line headed for Bisbee was robbed in the Tombstone area on September 8. The masked robbers shook down the passengers and robbed the strongbox. They were recognized by their voices and language. They were identified as Pete Spence (an alias for Elliot Larkin Ferguson) and Frank Stilwell, a business partner of Spence who had shortly before been fired as a deputy of Sheriff Behan's (for county tax "accounting irregularities"). Spence and Stilwell, friends of the McLaury brothers, were arrested by sheriff's deputies Breakenridge and Nagel for the stage robbery, and later by Deputy U.S. Marshal Virgil Earp on the federal offense of mail robbery.

paragraph: Released on bail, Spence and Stilwell were re-arrested by Virgil for the Bisbee robbery a month later, October 13, on the new federal charge of interfering with a mail carrier. The newspapers, however, reported that they had been arrested for a different stage robbery that occurred (October 8) near Contention City. Occurring less than two weeks before the O.K. Corral shootout, this final incident may have been misunderstood by the McLaurys. While Wyatt and Virgil were still out of town for the Spence and Stilwell hearing, Frank McLaury confronted Morgan Earp, telling him that the McLaurys would kill the Earps if they tried to arrest Spence, Stilwell, or the McLaurys again.

paragraph: Section::::Shootout in Tombstone.

paragraph: By October 1881, tensions between the Earps and Cowboys had increased dramatically. Ike Clanton, a good friend of Tom's, had repeatedly threatened the Earps. On October 26 he been drinking most of the previous night and that morning. He was armed and told others he was looking for Holliday or an Earp. At about 1:00 pm, Virgil and Morgan Earp surprised Ike on 4th Street and Virgil buffaloed (pistol-whipped) him from behind. Disarming him, Virgil took Ike to appear before Judge Wallace for violating the city's ordinance against carrying firearms in the city. While Wyatt waited with Clanton, Virgil went to find Judge Wallace so the court hearing could be held.

paragraph: On the morning of October 26, 1881, the McLaury brothers were in Tombstone and armed in violation of a city ordinance prohibiting carrying weapons in town.

paragraph: It is not known who started shooting first. Accounts by both participants and eye-witnesses were contradictory. Those loyal to one side or the other told conflicting stories and independent eyewitnesses who did not know the participants by sight were unable to say for certain who shot first.

paragraph: Most witnesses reported the first two shots were so close together that they could barely be distinguished. Some witnesses testified that Morgan and Doc fired across one another at Billy and Frank, respectively. Wyatt later testified that he and Billy Clanton fired the first two shots. Virgil said one of the first shots was Billy Clanton's. All witnesses agreed that general firing almost immediately commenced. Witnesses could not agree on whether Tom McLaury was armed.

paragraph: Section::::Shootout in Tombstone.:Role in the gunfight.

paragraph: On October 30, 1881, Ike Clanton filed murder charges against the Earps and Doc Holliday. Justice of the Peace Wells Spicer convened a preliminary hearing to determine if the charges had merit.

paragraph: Various witnesses offered conflicting testimony about whether Tom was armed. When the gunfight ended, a gun was not found near Tom McLaury or on his body. Wyatt Earp later insisted that someone had removed Tom's weapon and that the Cowboys lied during the O.K. Corral hearing. At the time, "The Tombstone Epitaph" was loyal to the business owners and the Earps, while the "Tombstone Nugget" favored rural interests and the Cowboys. Wyatt testified afterward that he saw Billy Clanton and Frank McLaury in Spangenberger's gun and hardware store on 4th Street filling their gun belts with cartridges.

paragraph: Clara Spalding Brown, the wife of mining engineer Theodore Brown, was a correspondent for the San Diego Union and other California newspapers. She wrote that Tombstone residents were divided about the justification for the killings. Based on the initial testimony given by Ike Clanton during the preliminary hearing, she reported to the "San Diego Union" that only two of the Cowboys were armed. Saloon owner Andrew Mehan testified that an hour before the gunfight Tom McLaury had checked his pistol with him at Mehan’s Saloon.

paragraph: Wyatt Earp testified that Tom McLaury fired one or two rounds at them from behind a horse, and that if he was unarmed he did not know it. In an 1896 interview with the "San Francisco Examiner", Earp further claimed that Tom McLaury had shot Morgan Earp from behind the horse. In two of Wyatt Earp's three biographies he indicated that Tom McLaury fired the first shots. However, some historians have suggested that Wyatt Earp's claims about his deeds were often flawed and could not be corroborated.

paragraph: One eyewitness, Mrs. J.C. Colyer, was only a short distance away sitting in a buggy when the shootout took place. Although never called to testify at the subsequent inquest, her account of the shooting was published in the "Epitaph" a few weeks after the event. In her recount of the events she witnessed she said that it was in fact the Cowboys who fired first, and in that interview she said that one Cowboy used a horse as a barricade, firing from under the horses neck. It has since been confirmed that neither Billy Clanton nor Frank McLaury ever came near a horse during the shootout, so if her statement is to be believed, it could only have been Tom McLaury to which she was referring. She knew none of those involved, and was only in Tombstone to visit her sister, therefore making her an unbiased witness.

paragraph: Another eyewitness, laundryman Peter H. Fellehy, testified that he saw Morgan Earp and Doc Holliday shooting at a man who was using a horse to barricade himself, and once shot the man fell. Fellehy said after the man fell he still held his pistol in his hand.

paragraph: Though saloon-keeper Andrew Mehan had seen Tom deposit his pistol after his beating by Earp and before the gunfight, none of the Earps had any way of knowing that Tom had left his revolver at the saloon. Hotel keeper Albert "Chris" Billickie, whose father Charles owned the Cosmopolitan Hotel, saw Tom McLaury enter Bauer's butcher shop about 2:00 p.m. He testified that Tom's right-hand pants pocket was flat when he went in but protruded, as if it contained a pistol (so he thought), when he emerged. Retired army surgeon Dr. J. W. Gardiner also testified that he saw the bulge in Tom's pants. However, the bulge in Tom's pants pocket may have been the nearly $3,300 in cash and receipts found on his body, perhaps in payment for stolen Mexican beef purchased by the butcher.

paragraph: Frank McLaury had told others that he had decided to remain in town to take care of some business. His brother Will McLaury, a judge in Fort Worth, Texas, claimed in a letter he wrote during the preliminary hearing after the shoot out that Tom and Frank were planning to conduct business before leaving town to visit him in Fort Worth. He wrote that Billy Clanton, who had arrived on horseback with Frank, intended to go with the McLaurys to Fort Worth. Author Paul Johnson believes that the McLaurys were about to leave for Iowa to attend the wedding of their sister, Sarah Caroline. Tom and Frank were especially close to Sarah, one of their 14 siblings and half-siblings.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frank and Tom McLaury

paragraph: BULLET::::- McLaury Factsheet, Gunfight at the OK Corral

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tom McLaury

paragraph: BULLET::::- Did Tom McLaury have a Gun

paragraph: BULLET::::- Earp Accounts of the Shootout

paragraph: BULLET::::- Witness Claims

description: American pioneer, Old West gunman

wikidata_label: Tom McLaury

wikipedia_title: Tom McLaury


text:
film actor
Couilly-Pont-aux-Dames
Les Vampires
Judex
La dama de Chez Maxim's
Take Care of Amelia
Floretta and Patapon
Le Crime de Monsieur Lange
La Nuit fantastique
Majestic Hotel Cellars

categories: French male silent film actors,French male film actors,20th-century French male actors,1962 deaths,1877 births,Male actors from Paris

paragraph: Marcel Lévesque

paragraph: Marcel Lévesque (6 December 1877 – 16 February 1962) was a French film actor.

paragraph: Born Joseph Marcel Lévesque in Paris, he died in Couilly-Pont-aux-Dames.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Vampires" (1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Judex" (1916)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La dama de Chez Maxim's" (1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Take Care of Amelia" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Floretta and Patapon" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Crime de Monsieur Lange" (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Nuit fantastique" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Majestic Hotel Cellars" (1945)

description: French actor

wikidata_label: Marcel Lévesque

wikipedia_title: Marcel Lévesque


text:
Rio de Janeiro
Brazil
actress
singer
vocal group
Chico Anysio
Hair
The Supremes
Sítio do Picapau Amarelo
Rede Globo
Êta Mundo Bom!
Cheias de Charme
Morde & Assopra
Caras e Bocas
Record
Você Decide
Sinhá Moça
Tenda dos Milagres
Irmãos Coragem

categories: Members of Sōka Gakkai,Converts to Sōka Gakkai,Brazilian female singers,Brazilian actresses,1953 births,Nichiren Buddhists,Brazilian Buddhists,Living people,Musicians from Rio de Janeiro (city)

paragraph: Dhu Moraes

paragraph: Dhu Moraes (born 1953 in Rio de Janeiro), is a Brazilian actress and singer. She started the career using the stage name "Dudu Moraes", turning after to use "Dhu Moraes".

paragraph: She was member of the vocal group As Frenéticas and also member of the groups "Mucamas do Painho" and "Radio Stars", both consequences of her participations in programs of Chico Anysio, . In the 1970s, beyond having taken part of the producing of the "Hair", took part of a group "Sublimes", inspired in The Supremes. From 2001 until 2006, she represented the character in the series Sítio do Picapau Amarelo of Rede Globo.

paragraph: Section::::TV career.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 - Êta Mundo Bom! - Manuela

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 - Cheias de Charme - Valda

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 - Morde & Assopra - Janice

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - Caras e Bocas - Dirce

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - Record - Neusa

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - Sítio do Picapau Amarelo - Tia Nastácia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - O Direito de Nascer - Mamãe Dolores

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - Você Decide - Transas de Família: Part 5

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 - - Maria Menininha

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 - - Baunilha

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986 - Sinhá Moça - Maria das Dores

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 - Tenda dos Milagres - Rosa de Oxalá

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970 - Irmãos Coragem

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: actress

wikidata_label: Dhu Moraes

wikipedia_title: Dhu Moraes


text:
Venice
Italian
quadratura
Antonio Felice Ferrari
Francesco Scala
Venice
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
Giandomenico
Mattia Bortoloni
Villa Cornaro
Piombino Dese
Fiesso Umbertiano
Massanzago
Santa Maria degli Scalzi
Castello
Cathedral
Udine
Palazzo Labia
Academy of St. Luke
Accademia
Teatro Regio
Palazzina di Caccia of Stupinigi
Giandomenico Tiepolo
Santi Faustino e Giovita
Brescia
Palazzo Valmarana
Vicenza
Ca' Rezzonico
Palazzo Rezzonico
Villa Pisani
Jacopo Guarana
Agostino
Giovanni Giacomo Monti
Giambattista Tiepolo, 1696-1770

categories: Italian male painters,1686 births,17th-century Italian painters,18th-century Italian painters,Ferrarese painters,Quadratura painters

paragraph: Gerolamo Mengozzi Colonna

paragraph: Gerolamo Mengozzi Colonna (1688 – Venice, 27 October 1774) was an Italian painter, mostly of frescoed quadratura.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Ferrara, Gerolamo was a pupil of the painters of architectural perspective painters Antonio Felice Ferrari and Francesco Scala in Emilia-Romagna. He moved to Venice by 1716, where he began collaborations that spanned over four decades with Giovanni Battista Tiepolo and his son Giandomenico.

paragraph: By 1716, he signs a contract with Mattia Bortoloni to decorate in fresco the Villa Cornaro in Piombino Dese for the patrician Andrea Cornaro. It is presumed that the two latter artists collaborated in decorating the octagonal room of the Villa Morosini Vendramin Calergi in Fiesso Umbertiano.

paragraph: Mengozzi's first collaboration with Tiepolo was the decoration of the hall on the first floor (1719-1720) of the Villa Baglioni in Massanzago, depicting the "Myth of Phaeton" on the walls and the "Triumph of Aurora" on the ceiling. This was followed by the "Apotheosis of Santa Teresa" (1724-1725) in the vault of a chapel of the church of Santa Maria degli Scalzi. He also collaborated with Tiepolo in paintings for the church of the Cappucini in the sestiere of Castello. The products of these collaborations featured Mengozzi in the quadratura or painted architectural vistas, and Tiepolo painting the figures.

paragraph: In 1726, he worked with Tiepolo in the gallery of the archbishop's palace and the Chapel of the Holy Sacrament in the Cathedral of Udine. This work was commissioned by the patrician Dionisio Dolfin. The frescoed scenes of "Dream of Jacob", "Sacrifice of Isaac", "Hagar in the Desert", "Rachel and the Idols", "Abraham and the Angels", and "Sarah and the Angel" were all completed in collaboration with Mengozzi

paragraph: Together with the Tiepolo, Mengozzi helped decorate the Venetian Palazzo Labia in 1745-1747

paragraph: . The ceiling depicts "Bellerophon on Pegasus in flight toward the Glory and Eternity", while the walls are frescoed with the "Meeting" and "Banquet of Anthony and Cleopatra". The quadratura painted frames the events.

paragraph: During most of the years between 1720 and 1743, Mengozzi is a member of the Venetian painters' guild. He journeyed to Rome in 1724. He entered the Academy of St. Luke, gave lectures in perspective in 1725-26. Returning to Venice, in 1727 he became a member of the newly formed Accademia of Fine Arts in Venice, and became a professor by 1766.

paragraph: Between 1728 and 1733, he also worked as a scenic designer, a common pursuit for quadraturistas. He painted sets for the theaters of San Samuele and of San Giovanni Grisostomo. Between 1749-1750 he also worked with sets of Teatro Regio in Turin. He was employed in decoration of the Palazzina di Caccia of Stupinigi.

paragraph: Mengozzi also collaborated with the son of Giovanni Battista, Giandomenico Tiepolo. In 1754 he completed architectural perspective for scenes filled with figures by Giandomenico in the church of Santi Faustino e Giovita in Brescia. In 1757, with father and son Tiepolo, he painted the walls of the Palazzo Valmarana at Vicenza. Later that year, he collaborated with the elder Tiepolo in decorating certain salons in Ca' Rezzonico. In the Palazzo Rezzonico, Tiepolo and Mengozzi were commissioned to decorate rooms for the wedding of Louis and Faustina Savorgnan. In the wedding room ceiling, we see the couple carried on Apollo's chariot, drawn by four white horses, preceded by Cupid, blindfolded and surrounded by allegorical figures: the three Graces, Fame, Wisdom, bearing the flag of Merit with the heraldic arms of the Rezzonico and Savorgnan family. Again Tiepolo made the figures, while Mengozzi frames the scenes. In the Throne Room, they depicted the "Triumph of Merit", which ascends to the temple of glory. Between 1760 and 1762 and Mengozzi and the elder Tiepolo collaborated in the massive "Glory of the Pisani family" on the ceiling of the central hall in the Villa Pisani at Stra.

paragraph: With the departure of Tiepolo for Spain in 1762, Mengozzi began a collaboration with Jacopo Guarana, a pupil of Tiepolo, in the chapel of the ducal palace. In addition, Mengozzi's son, Agostino (Venice, c. 1725-1792), also became well known as a quadraturista. Among his pupils was Giovanni Giacomo Monti.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giambattista Tiepolo, 1696-1770, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art

alias:
Girolamo Mengozzi Colonna
Girolamo Mingozzi

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Gerolamo Mengozzi Colonna

wikipedia_title: Gerolamo Mengozzi Colonna


text:
Pyinmana
Myanmar
Yangon University
Gordon H Luce
London
Sanskrit
Pali language
Famous Burmese Muslims
Islam in Myanmar
Rohingya People
Burmese Chinese
Panthay
Burmese Indians
Myanmar Muslim Information Centre(MMIC)

categories: University of Yangon alumni,Burmese studies scholars,Burmese politicians,1914 births,Burmese historians,20th-century historians,1971 deaths

paragraph: Ba Shin

paragraph: U Ba Shin (born in 1914 in Ywarkauk, Pyinmana) is a colonel and noted historian and was a member of The Myanmar History Commission and Islamic Religious Affairs Council.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Ba Shin's parents were Principal U Hein and Daw Saw Yin. His wife Daw Khin May Gyi is a Lecturer at the Zoology Department (now retired), Yangon University. He received the Bachelor of Arts (Honours) class degree, specializing in Inscription and Oriental History from Yangon University.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Education.

paragraph: From 1935-40, he worked under Professor Gordon H Luce at the Rangoon University Eastern and Burmese History Division. He carried out research in China – Myanmar relations of the Middle period and the history of Chinese – Myanmar inscriptions. He was promoted to an Assistant Lecturer in that department in 1940.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Military.

paragraph: During the Japanese occupation, Ba Shin was the Academic Officer in the Asian Youth Organization. He also worked as the Education Officer of the Burma Defense Army.

paragraph: Later, he became a Lt. Col. in the Military Division (4) of the Burma Army. He published "Tine 4" (Fourth Military Division) newspaper and wrote a book for the soldiers called "European Economic History", explaining the emergence of Capitalism.

paragraph: He wrote a Burmese history book for the Army that was published on 4 January 1948, Burma's Independence day. The Education Ministry prescribed that book as a high school textbook.

paragraph: While serving in military, he wrote military, cultural and history articles in "Sit Nha Lone" ("Military Heart") journal and "Myawaddy" journals. He also wrote articles for children in "Kha Lae" ("Children") journal and "Light of Myanmar" newspapers. He wrote military articles in "Military Education" journal. He worked in the Myanmar Army until 1956.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Post WW2.

paragraph: After the war, he worked in the War Office as commanding officer of Records Office, Burma Army. He was later appointed the Burmese Military Attaché to London, UK where he also met with international researchers and historians.

paragraph: Section::::Research works.

paragraph: In 1957, Ba Shin joined the Burma Historical Commission as a Compiler. He wrote many English and Myanmar research papers in "Bulletin of the Burma Historical Commission" and many articles about racial and ethnic groups of Myanmar were written for the "Myanmar Encyclopaedia". He wrote Lawkatheikpan in English and Myanmar before Anawrahta. One of his duties was to do detailed studies and research about Burmese history from AD 1300-1752.

paragraph: He worked with Professor Luce for quite a long time in Bagan at Myin Kabar Gu-pyauk Pagoda, built by Raja Kumar (Yazakumar, son of Kyansittha) in AD 1113. Their research paper was published in "Burmese History Commission Journal" volume 2 in 1961 from page 227-416. Not only the background history of the pagoda, but the architecture, Buddhist scriptures and all the stone inscriptions with the translations were included in the article. A complete comparison of the various Buddhist scriptures found in ancient Bagan was included. Studies of ancient Mon and Austro Asian languages and Mon grammar and spellings were mentioned.

paragraph: He was an important person in the team, which had done comparative studies of Sanskrit, Pali and ancient Mon. Professor Luce praised Major Ba Shin for his contribution of invaluable edits to his thirty years of research. Luce even commented that Ba Shin had even corrected his overlooked mistakes.

paragraph: In an article written to honour Ba Shin in relation to the Wetkyi Inn and Gu-pyauk Pagodas in Bagan, Professor Luce wrote, "He is one of the best researchers, expert in History and Stone Inscription."

paragraph: One of Ba Shin’s best efforts was seen in the article about Bagan Pagoda Lawka Hteit Pan (Rangoon, 1962) which indicated the ancient Burmese civilization. Nai Min Nai had written an article together with A.B. Grisworld about the comments and review in "Artibus Asiae" volume 33, page 228-233.

paragraph: He was the editor of the article “Essays offered to G.H.Luce by his colleagues and friends in Honour of his Seventy-Fifth Birthday“ in two volumes, "Artibus Asiae" supplementum XXIII, Ascona, Switzerland, 1956. He wrote the "Buddha Images of Tai Yuan Types Found in Burma" in that publication.

paragraph: He wrote about the Ink duplicate copies of ancient Bagan stone inscriptions in the Bagan Ink duplicate copy research journey report book. Both were published by the Burmese History Commission.

paragraph: He was an active member of the Myanmar Orthography (Spelling) Commission. He helped and acted as advisor to final year history students and History Master students’ research papers.

paragraph: Section::::Journalist.

paragraph: Since he was in the university, he was active in journalism. He was the Yudathan (Judson) College reporter of "Myanmar Alin" ("Light of Myanmar") and "Thuraya" ("The Sun") newspapers.

paragraph: He wrote a book, "Khit Thit Marga" (Modern Tha Gyar Min or Sakya) in 1937 about the rebuilding of rural villages.

paragraph: He wrote in the Yudathan (Judson) College magazine and was the Burmese section editor. He was the editor of the "Mosquito" hand written magazine.

paragraph: In 1939, he wrote an article about the modernization of Burmese rural villages together with Dr Thar Saing and Dr Andrab.

paragraph: His pennames were (1) San Aung, (2) Thutethi, (3) Bohmu Nyanna, (4) Taing Lay Yebawhaung, (5) Lt. Colonel Ba Shin, (6) U Ba Shin, (7) Wari San, (8) Maung Pinti, (9) Scott Boy and, (10) Bo Mhu.

paragraph: He wrote articles in the "Pyannya Padethar" journal published by the Directorate of University Education. He also wrote research papers and articles in the magazines published by Rangoon Arts and Science University, University Burmese literature magazine, Zoology magazine, Burmese Muslim University Students’ magazines, "Ngwe Taryi" magazine, "Pyinyar Tazaung" magazine, "Working peoples’ daily" (English and Burmese).

paragraph: Early Myanmar History was the last article he was still writing for the Myanmar History Commission. The last article he finished was Myanmar before Anawrattha, published in sections, in the Pyannar Tazaung magazine from June to November 1968. However, he could not finish the second part of that book, Bagan era Myanmar book.

paragraph: As a Muslim, he served as the Secretary General in the Myanmar Islamic Religious Affairs Council until his death on 7 January 1970, at 5.50 p.m. of heart disease.

paragraph: Section::::Religion and languages.

paragraph: Ba Shin was a Burmese Muslim. He could speak all the languages of Myanmar ethnic minorities. He could also speak Mon Khmar, Tibet Bama, Thai, Chinese and many dialects of Indian language. He could even understand the ancient Burmese and ancient Mon languages. Although he was a Muslim, he was fluent in Pali language and especially Buddhist literatures written in Pali.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: U Ba Shin (1962). "The Lokahteikpan." Rangoon: Burma Historical Commission, Ministry of Union Culture, Revolutionary Govt., Union of Burma.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Famous Burmese Muslims

paragraph: BULLET::::- Islam in Myanmar

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rohingya People

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burmese Chinese

paragraph: BULLET::::- Panthay

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burmese Indians

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Myanmar Muslim Information Centre(MMIC)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Selective Works On Myanmar History, Culture, Archaeology And Literature After Independence—Biographies. Col. Ba Shin (1914 - 1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bohmu Ba Shin 1914-1970, by Nai Pan Hla © 1971 Artibus Asiae [Publishers.https://www.jstor.org/pss/3249771]

paragraph: BULLET::::- The World-Wide Web Virtual Library. Online Burma/Myanmar library

description: Burmese politician and historian

wikidata_label: Ba Shin

wikipedia_title: Ba Shin


text:
silent film
WAMPAS Baby Star
tuberculosis
Paramount Pictures
B.P. Schulberg
Famous Players
Bebe Daniels
Stranded in Paris
WAMPAS "Baby Star"
Sally Phipps
Natalie Kingston
Sally Rand
Helene Costello
tuberculosis
California
Las Vegas, Nevada
Ambassador Hotel
Los Angeles, California
New York City
Gate of Heaven Cemetery
Hawthorne, New York

categories: 20th-century American actresses,1936 deaths,Burials at Gate of Heaven Cemetery,1903 births,Paramount Pictures contract players,20th-century deaths from tuberculosis,Infectious disease deaths in New York (state),American silent film actresses,Actresses from New York (state)

paragraph: Iris Stuart

paragraph: Iris Stuart (born Frances McCann; February 2, 1903 – December 21, 1936) was a motion picture actress of the silent film era. Selected as a WAMPAS Baby Star of 1927, she had a brief career between 1926 and 1927 before retiring from acting. She died of tuberculosis in 1936.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born as Frances McCann, she attended secretarial school before becoming a magazine cover girl who was much favored by artists. Her picture was used as a model for a jewelry advertisement.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: She was signed by Paramount Pictures associate producer B.P. Schulberg to a long-term contract with Famous Players in July 1926. She was first cast in a Bebe Daniels film entitled "Stranded in Paris" (1926). She played "Theresa Halstead", the films' second lead. She obtained the role quite by accident. Director Arthur Rosson asked to view a screen test of another actress and the projection operator mixed up the reels. Rosson quickly decided on Stuart for the part. The story was adapted from a play called "Jenny's Escapade".

paragraph: In January 1927 she was selected with twelve other young actresses as a WAMPAS "Baby Star" of 1927. Some of the other women named were Sally Phipps, Natalie Kingston, Sally Rand, and Helene Costello.

paragraph: Section::::Illness and later career.

paragraph: Stuart suffered from tuberculosis, and her health declined so rapidly that physicians advised her to admit herself to a southern California sanitarium in February 1927. Her constitution was fragile and was weakened further by work and nervous strain.

paragraph: She returned to films in December 1927 against the wishes of her family. Stuart signed a new contract with Paramount-Famous-Lasky Corporation in January 1928. Her first role in her comeback was not immediately decided upon. The following month she secretly wed wealthy New York magazine publisher, Bert A. Mackinnon, in Las Vegas, Nevada. She took out a marriage license using her true name, Iris McCann. The couple postponed plans for a honeymoon and resided temporarily at the Ambassador Hotel

paragraph: in Los Angeles, California.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Stuart died in New York City in 1936, aged 33, of tuberculosis. She is interred at the Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Hawthorne, New York.

paragraph: Section::::Works cited.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los Angeles Times", "Magazine Cover Girl Busy", September 17, 1926, Page A8.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los Angeles Times", "New Baby Stars Stud Film Firmament", January 7, 1927, Page A1.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los Angeles Times", "Illness May Bar Path To Stardom", February 24, 1927, Page A1.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los Angeles Times", "Baby Star Returns To Film City", December 3, 1927, Page A1.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los Angeles Times", "Iris Stuart, Bride of Magazine Publisher", January 4, 1928, Page A15.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los Angeles Times", "Iris Stuart Signs Contract", January 17, 1928, Page A10.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Port Arthur News", "Hollywood", Sunday, January 1, 1928, Page 16.

description: American actress

wikidata_label: Iris Stuart

wikipedia_title: Iris Stuart


text: American

text: serial killer

text: Daytona Beach

text: Florida

text: Sanford, Florida

text: PD

text: DNA

text: profile

text: Daytona Beach: The Hunt For The Killer

text: Daytona Serial Killings

categories: 2005 murders in the United States,Unsolved murders in the United States,Murder in Florida,Unidentified serial killers,2007 murders in the United States,2006 murders in the United States,2000s in Florida,Daytona Beach, Florida

paragraph: Daytona Beach killer

paragraph: The Daytona Beach killer is an American serial killer responsible for the murders of four women in the Daytona Beach, Florida area from December 2005 to December 2007. The killer has never been apprehended. The involvement of a serial killer was feared after the discovery of the first three victims.

paragraph: Section::::Victims.

paragraph: The first known victim was 45-year-old Laquetta Gunther, who was found in an alley on December 26, 2005. She had been shot in the back of the head. DNA was recovered from the scene. The second victim was 34-year-old Julie Green, found January 14, 2006. She had also been shot in the back of the head. No DNA was recovered, but tire tracks were found. The tires were for a 2003 Taurus or Sable and in fact the exact tires were later found. Just over a month later, on February 24, 2006 police found the body of Iwana Patton, 35, on a dirt road. She had been shot, but not in the back of the head, and possibly had struggled with her killer. DNA was recovered, along with a shell casing that allowed police to identify the make and model of pistol used. (.40-caliber Smith & Wesson Sigma Series VE.) Ballistics from recovered bullets and recovered DNA matched. Authorities received an anonymous telephone call describing the location of Patton's body, but the caller was eventually identified and questioned, and is not a suspect in the killings. All three women are believed to have worked as sex workers in the Daytona Beach area. Police believe the victims voluntarily accompanied their killer, possibly in a vehicle, and were subsequently murdered and dumped in the same area of Daytona Beach. The killer did not attempt to conceal the bodies.

paragraph: The remains of Stacey Charlene Gage, 30, were found on January 2, 2008. She had been shot in the head. Police believe she was killed December 11, 2007. Police have further stated that the circumstances surrounding the case are eerily similar to the three previous unsolved homicides. Unlike the first three victims, Gage did not have a criminal record involving prostitution. However, she did have a history of drug problems. The van Gage was driving the night she disappeared was later recovered.

paragraph: Section::::Other possible victims.

paragraph: In October 2006, the body of known sex worker Lisa Marie French, 39, was found in Sanford, Florida. Police first reported that French had been strangled to death, but autopsy results were inconclusive in regards to the cause of her death. Daytona Beach Police Chief Mike Chitwood has since disclosed that French was probably "not" the victim of foul play.

paragraph: Serial rapist Jerry Lee Williams Jr., whom authorities accuse of attacking six women and killing two, pleaded guilty to raping and suffocating Lisa Marie French, 39, of Casselberry, whose body was found behind a Sanford warehouse. He was sentenced to life in prison.

paragraph: The "Orlando Sentinel" reported that, "According to the FBI, the four killings are among 28 in Florida that are unsolved and connected to serial killings that the bureau suspects were committed by long-haul truckers. Those include 19 deaths along the Interstate 4 corridor between Tampa and Daytona Beach...", but it also noted that "all but one local law-enforcement agency denies any serial-killer cases on its books." The "Sentinel" identified as two possible further victims (1) Regan Kendall, whose dismembered body was found near Osceola Parkway and Boggy Creek Road in Osceola County in July, and (2) Kelly Lanthorne, who was found near South Orange Blossom Trail in Orange County.

paragraph: Section::::Attempts to solve.

paragraph: The Daytona Beach PD used field DNA kits to take DNA samples from motorists fitting the profile of a white male with a girlfriend. The samples will be taken to a lab to match with genetic material taken from the crime scenes.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daytona Beach: The Hunt For The Killer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daytona Serial Killer May Have Strangled Prostitute

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daytona Beach serial killer set to strike again?

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daytona Serial Killings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Police: Dead woman's death 'eerily similar' to earlier serial killer murders

paragraph: BULLET::::- Woman Found Dead May Be Work Of Daytona Beach Serial Killer

description: unidentified serial killer

wikidata_label: Daytona Beach killer

wikipedia_title: Daytona Beach killer


text: educator

text: Berlin

text: Hamburg

text: University of Marburg

text: ophthalmologist

text: Alfred Bielschowsky

text: World War I

text: higher education

text: Deutsche Blindenstudienanstalt

text: Marburg

text: New Beacon; Journal of Blind Welfare

text: German Wikipedia

text: Blista news April 2007

categories: Heads of schools in Germany,1886 births,Blind people from Germany,People from Berlin,1971 deaths

paragraph: Carl Strehl

paragraph: Carl Strehl (July 12, 1886 – August 18, 1971) was a German educator born in Berlin.

paragraph: In December 1907, Strehl lost his eyesight while working in a chemical factory in New York. Later, after returning to Europe, he commenced with studies in Hamburg. In 1915, he was hired by University of Marburg ophthalmologist Alfred Bielschowsky (1871-1940) to assist with World War I soldiers who were blinded by shell fragments and poison gas.

paragraph: In March 1916 Strehl and Bielschowsky established the "Verein blinder Akademiker Deutschlands" (German Society of Blind Academicians), an association to provide higher education assistance for the blind. Shortly afterwards he founded the "Deutsche Blindenstudienanstalt" (German Blind Study Institute; aka "Carl Strehl-Schule") for the visually impaired, which today is a nationally recognized institution in Marburg.

paragraph: In addition, Strehl was vice-president of the World Council for the Welfare of the Blind, and was a prominent member of the International Council of Educators of Blind Youth.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Beacon; Journal of Blind Welfare

paragraph: BULLET::::- @ German Wikipedia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blista news April 2007 Gedenktafel für Carl Strehl (translated biography)

description: German educator

wikidata_label: Carl Strehl

wikipedia_title: Carl Strehl


text:
nom de guerre
commander
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
Manuel Marulanda
Marxist
Colombian Army
anthropology
National University of Colombia
Communist Youth
Marxism
Jacobo Arenas
Belisario Betancur
Simon Bolivar
1999–2002 FARC–Government peace process
Andres Pastrana
Clandestine Colombian Communist Party
Raul Reyes
Ivan Rios
Íngrid Betancourt
Operation Jaque
Pablo Catatumbo
Miami Herald
El Tiempo
Tolima
Valle del Cauca
Cauca Department
Operation Odysseus
Juan Manuel Santos
Tolima
Terrorism in Colombia
FARC

categories: Colombian guerrillas killed in action,1948 births,People from Bogotá,Members of FARC,Deaths by firearm in Colombia,Colombian communists,2011 deaths

paragraph: Alfonso Cano

paragraph: Guillermo León Sáenz Vargas (22 July 1948 – 4 November 2011), more commonly known by his nom de guerre Alfonso Cano, was the commander of the militant group known as Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia ("Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia", FARC). He succeeded founder Manuel Marulanda (alias "Sureshot", in ) in March 2008 and commanded the Marxist rebel group until being killed in action by the Colombian Army.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born into an upper-class family in Bogotá, Cano began his studies in anthropology at the National University of Colombia in 1968, where he became a member and leader of the Communist Youth. He was arrested by Colombian police directed by Rodrido Avendaño, layer of the moment who carried an investigation because of communist suspicions. It was there that he met members of FARC, who invited him often to lecture about Marxism for a number of guerrilla columns. He dropped out of university to join the group and devoted himself to political activism. Ideologically he was described as a hardliner, with the belief that his ideas and side would ultimately win.

paragraph: Section::::Joining FARC.

paragraph: During the late 1970s Cano is believed to have joined FARC, where he quickly rose through the ranks, working with the group's co-founder and chief ideologue, Jacobo Arenas. His main role was originally to serve as a sort of political commissary for the urban network of the guerrilla in Bogota, and in 1978 he was appointed chief of finances for the Central High Command. A search warrant on his apartment, where he lived with his first wife (Maria Eugenia) and son (Federico), ended in his arrest in 1981 and imprisonment in the La Modelo Penitentiary, where he founded a library. He was freed in 1983 as a result of the amnesty offered by the government of president Belisario Betancur.

paragraph: He soon moved to the mountains to join the guerrilla soldiers, but instead of active combat he was sent to Casa Verde, the headquarters of the FARC commanders, in La Uribe (Meta), where he was recognized as an intellectual and as such was part of a number of peace dialogues with the government. His main role was to encourage the growth of the Coordinadora Guerrillera Simón Bolívar, a movement to join all guerrillas operating at the time in Colombia. With communism's collapse in Europe in 1989, Cano argued that the Soviet model had failed, and the FARC should develop its own model based on national ideas, whose paradigmatic figure was to be Simon Bolivar.

paragraph: After Arenas' death in 1990, Cano succeeded him, joining the seven-member Secretariat that led the group, and remaining as the second in command for about two decades. He was chief negotiator during failed peace talks in 1991 and 1992. However he had little role in the long running 1999–2002 FARC–Government peace process with the government of Andres Pastrana. Pastrana later said that Cano never attended the peace talks. In 2000, Cano founded and became the leader of the Clandestine Colombian Communist Party.

paragraph: Section::::Leader of FARC.

paragraph: On 26 March 2008, Manuel Marulanda Vélez, the founder and leader of FARC, died of a heart attack and Cano succeeded him as commander-in-chief. During the same month two other members of the Secretariat, Raul Reyes and Ivan Rios, were killed in action. In July 2008, the Colombian Army rescued fifteen of FARC's highest-profile hostages, including Íngrid Betancourt, in Operation Jaque, further weakening the rebels' position.

paragraph: As commander in chief, Cano spread his views about the guerrillas, and the nature and solution to the political conflict in Colombia. He believed that the conflict was a class struggle, and that it should be the rich and multinational companies that should fund the war, encouraging blackmailing and kidnapping of politicians and the rich. Mass kidnappings were used to press the government into exchanging hundreds of guerrilla members in jail. The most outstanding example of this practice was the kidnapping of 12 deputies from the Valle del Cauca department, an action that he coordinated with Pablo Catatumbo. Cano was known as an ultra-orthodox, inflexible, and dogmatic Marxist.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On 6 March 2008, the "Miami Herald" stated that the national daily "El Tiempo" had reported troops were pursuing Cano, and he was believed to have been wounded in a 21 February helicopter attack. This attack on Cano took place on the border of the two departments of Tolima and Valle del Cauca, rainy weather hampering the effort.

paragraph: Cano was shot and killed by army forces on 4 November 2011 in the southwestern Cauca Department in what the Colombian government dubbed "Operation Odysseus." President Juan Manuel Santos confirmed his death on television, claiming the Colombian army dealt the FARC "the biggest blow in the history" of the guerrilla organization. The FARC leader's death came months after he fled his stronghold in the south of Tolima, being pursued by armed forces since. FARC responded to Santos' plea to lay down arms by saying that it would continue its fight against the government.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Terrorism in Colombia

paragraph: BULLET::::- FARC

description: Colombian revolutionary

wikidata_label: Alfonso Cano

wikipedia_title: Alfonso Cano