text:
ice hockey
České Budějovice Motor
1st Czech Republic Hockey League
Extraliga
Pittsburgh Penguins
2007 NHL Entry Draft
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League
college hockey
NCAA
Val-d'Or Foreurs
Quebec Remparts
2005–06
Rimouski Océanic
Claude Giroux
rookie of the year
Alexander Radulov
President's Cup
Moncton Wildcats
2006 Memorial Cup
2007 NHL Entry Draft
Guy Lafleur
Pittsburgh Penguins
Atlanta Thrashers
Colby Armstrong
Erik Christensen
2008
Marián Hossa
Pascal Dupuis
Chicago Wolves
American Hockey League
Montreal Juniors
Florida Panthers
Kenndal McArdle
Dallas Stars
Ondřej Roman
unrestricted free agent
Finnish hockey club
Pelicans
Lahti
2012–13
Italy
Hockey Milano Rossoblu
Milan
Fort Wayne Komets
2014–15
SG Cortina
AlpsHL
2006 World U-17 Hockey Challenge
2006 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament
Team Canada
World Junior Championships
2009 World Junior Championships
Ottawa
QMJHL
Michel Bergeron Trophy
2006
Mount Royal, Quebec
figure skating
high school
Selwyn House School
Shattuck-Saint Mary's
Faribault, Minnesota
Sidney Crosby
Zach Parise
Jonathan Toews
Hockey Hall of Fame
Phil
Tony Esposito
Quebec
landlord

categories: National Hockey League first round draft picks,SG Cortina players,Ice hockey people from Quebec,Memorial Cup winners,Fort Wayne Komets players,Texas Stars players,Pittsburgh Penguins draft picks,Chicago Wolves players,Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Italy,Cincinnati Cyclones (ECHL) players,Canadian ice hockey centres,Lahti Pelicans players,Living people,Quebec Remparts players,Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Finland,San Antonio Rampage players,1989 births,Montreal Junior Hockey Club players,People from Mount Royal, Quebec,Canadian people of Italian descent

paragraph: Angelo Esposito

paragraph: Angelo Esposito (born February 20, 1989) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who last played for České Budějovice Motor of the 1st Czech Republic Hockey League, Czech Republic's second-level ice hockey league under the Extraliga. Esposito was drafted in the first round (20th overall) by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:QMJHL.

paragraph: Esposito's Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) career started in controversy. He was considered a possible first overall draft choice in the QMJHL, but told all general managers that he intended to play college hockey in the NCAA. As a result, he was passed up by the first ten picks in the QMJHL Draft. Just minutes before the Val-d'Or Foreurs were slated to make their pick, at eleventh overall, the Quebec Remparts announced that they had traded several players and draft choices to get the Foreurs' drafting position and selected Esposito.

paragraph: Esposito began his QMJHL rookie season, in 2005–06, centring the first line. Esposito scored in his first regular season game on his very first shift against the Rimouski Océanic. By mid-season, Esposito was selected QMJHL Rookie of the Month twice and the Offensive Player of the Week once. He finished his rookie campaign with 98 points, second among QMJHL's rookies, behind Claude Giroux, and was named the league rookie of the year. Along with wingers Mathieu Melanson (86 points) and Alexander Radulov (152 points), the Remparts' first line was the most productive scoring line in the entire league. Despite losing in the President's Cup final series 4–2 to the Moncton Wildcats, Esposito and the Remparts earned a berth in the 2006 Memorial Cup as runner up to the tournament hosts.

paragraph: Impressing many in his major junior rookie season, Esposito was touted early as a possible first-overall pick for the 2007 NHL Entry Draft. He had, in fact, already drawn comparisons to former Remparts star Guy Lafleur. However, declining offensive production at the junior level – his points total fell from 98 to 79 – led to him eventually being picked twentieth overall by the Pittsburgh Penguins.

paragraph: On February 26, 2008, the Penguins traded his NHL rights to the Atlanta Thrashers along with Colby Armstrong, Erik Christensen, and a 2008 first-round draft pick in a trade-deadline deal for Marián Hossa and Pascal Dupuis.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Professional.

paragraph: At the conclusion of his 2007–08 season with the Remparts, he made his professional debut with the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League (AHL). In the off-season, he was traded in the QMJHL by the Remparts to the Montreal Juniors on June 7, 2008. After a start strong with the Montreal Juniors, Esposito was named to Team Canada and competed in the U20 World Championships, scoring the game-winning goal against Sweden in the gold medal game. After returning from the World Juniors, Esposito tore his ACL in his right knee, causing him to miss the rest of the season. After only 12 games in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Chicago wolves in 2009, Esposito re-tore his ACL causing him to require a second knee surgery.

paragraph: On July 8, 2011, he was traded to the Florida Panthers in exchange for Kenndal McArdle. On January 13, 2012, he was traded to the Dallas Stars for Ondřej Roman. After the 2011–2012 season was over Esposito became an unrestricted free agent.

paragraph: On July 26, 2012, he signed a one-year contract with Finnish hockey club Pelicans from Lahti. After producing 7 points in 29 games in the 2012–13 season with the Pelicans, Esposito was mutually released from the remainder of his contract and immediately moved to play in Italy with Hockey Milano Rossoblu from Milan on January 17, 2013.

paragraph: On July 21, 2014, Esposito returned to North America and signed a one-year contract in the ECHL with the Fort Wayne Komets. After the season opening game of the 2014–15 season with the Komets, Esposito decided to take a hiatus from hockey and Fort Wayne waived and released him from his contract.

paragraph: After taking a years hiatus from professional hockey, Esposito returned to Italy signing a one-year contract with SG Cortina of the AlpsHL on September 5, 2015. He finished the season with 38 points in 31 games. During the 2016-17 season, Esposito had a 9-game stint with České Budějovice Motor of the Czech 2nd league before he suffered a concussion while playing with the team. He only scored 1 goal in the 9 games he played with the team and at the end of the season Esposito retired from professional hockey.

paragraph: Section::::International play.

paragraph: Esposito competed for Team Quebec as captain during his QMJHL rookie season in the 2006 World U-17 Hockey Challenge, capturing gold. Later that year, he also captained Team Canada's under-18 squad at the 2006 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament and won another gold medal. After three years of being cut from Team Canada's World Junior Championships selection camp, he eventually made the team for the 2009 World Junior Championships in Ottawa. He scored 4 points in 6 games, including the game-winning goal in the gold medal game, helping Team Canada to its record-tying fifth straight gold medal.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: QMJHL

paragraph: BULLET::::- Named Player of the Week for September 26 – October 2, 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Named Rookie of the Month for October and November 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Awarded the Michel Bergeron Trophy (offensive rookie of the year) in 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Named to the QMJHL All-Rookie Team in 2006.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Born in Mount Royal, Quebec, Esposito grew up figure skating before beginning to play organized hockey at the age of six. At ten-years-old, he made the decision between the two sports to focus on hockey. He attended high school first at Selwyn House School then Shattuck-Saint Mary's in Faribault, Minnesota, following in the footsteps of such NHL stars as Sidney Crosby, Zach Parise and Jonathan Toews.

paragraph: Despite his last name, famous in hockey circles, Esposito is not related to Hockey Hall of Famers Phil and Tony Esposito. He does, however, have uncles named Phil and Tony, in addition to sharing Phil Esposito's jersey number 7 and February 20 birth date.

paragraph: Esposito currently works in the Quebec area as a real estate investor and landlord. He first bought property in 2015, but continued to buy more soon after. Esposito currently owns about 40 properties.

description: Canadian ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Angelo Esposito

wikipedia_title: Angelo Esposito


text:
saint
Roman Catholic Church
Jerome
Saint Jerome
consecrated virgins
Lazarus and Dives
consul
Jesus
Leah

paragraph: Saint Lea

paragraph: Saint Lea (died 383) is a fourth-century saint in the Roman Catholic Church based on the authority of Jerome.

paragraph: Lea of Rome is known only through the testimony of her beloved friend, the learned Saint Jerome. Jerome, a scholarly monk best known for his Latin translation of the Bible (the Vulgate), is the Church's only source of information on St. Lea, whose biographical details are unknown. A noblewoman of Rome, born into wealth and privilege, she was a contemporary of Jerome. However, soon after her marriage she was widowed and left very sound financially. Instead of retiring as a wealthy widow, however, she joined a convent of consecrated virgins in the city—shedding all the money and social standing she possessed. In later years she was named the prioress of the convent.

paragraph: Saint Lea supported the house run by Saint Marcella, working as a menial servants, and later served as the group’s superior.

paragraph: It appears that she died in 384 while St. Jerome and St. Marcella were reading and working on Psalm 73. In a letter relaying her death to others within the city of Rome, St. Jerome writes to St. Marcella that St. Lea, a woman of austerity, obedience and remarkable penances had died. He described her as “blessed,” emphasizing the woman’s virtues as being worthy of heaven. Jerome provides no biography for Lea, for he assumes that Marcella knows Lea, and concentrates instead upon her virtues.

paragraph: Jerome draws a parallel with parable of Lazarus and Dives:

paragraph: He then compares her with a consul who had lived in wealth and would find himself in agony in the afterlife and exhorts Marcella to serve Jesus rather than the world.

paragraph: Jerome ends his letter by urging Marcella to remember the lesson of St. Lea's life:

paragraph: Jerome's use of the adjective "blessed" is taken as sufficient evidence for Lea's veneration by the Roman Catholic Church, where her feast day is March 22.

paragraph: The name "Lea" is likely a derivation of Leah coming from a Hebrew word meaning "weary"; or from a Chaldean name meaning "mistress" or "ruler" in Akkadian. In Genesis 29, Leah is seen as being Jacob's first wife and the mother of seven of his children.

paragraph: Section::::Book of Saints – Lea.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monks of Ramsgate."ea" Book of Saints, 1921.. CatholicSaints.Info. 4 November 2014. Web. 12 January 2018.

wikidata_label: Saint Lea

wikipedia_title: Saint Lea


text:
Dutch
radio host
glamour model
Yvonne Keeley
Playboy
Adam Curry
The Star Sisters
Brainbox
Package
The Buffoons
Left Side
Unit Gloria
Golden Earring
Himalaya
Yvonne Paay
occasion formation
Sealegs
Yvonne Keeley
Mary Quant
Jacques Kloes
Rob de Nijs
Adam Curry
Diego
Her discography at e.discogs

categories: 1949 births,Musicians from Rotterdam,Dutch female singers,Dutch people of Greek descent,Living people

paragraph: Patricia Paay

paragraph: Patricia Anglaia Margareth Paaij (born 7 April 1949), best known as Patricia Paay, is a Dutch singer, radio host, glamour model and television personality. In the Netherlands, she is well known for her musical career, which spans over four decades. She is also regularly featured on Dutch television and in Dutch tabloid media. Singer Yvonne Keeley is her sister.

paragraph: In 1984, Paay was the first glamour model in the Dutch edition of "Playboy". In 2009, Paay posed for the December issue of the Dutch version of the magazine at age 60, making it the third time she had posed for "Playboy".

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: She was married to Adam Curry between 1989 and 2009 and they have one daughter, Christina Curry.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Also see: The Star Sisters

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966 - No one can love you like I do (as Patricia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967 - You called me baby (as Patricia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967 - Je bent niet hip (as Patricia) "( #12 in Dutch top 40 )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967 - Wat moet ik doen (as Patricia) "( #36 in Dutch top 40 )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968 - Corriamo (as Patricia) "( #33 in Dutch top 40 )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968 - Hey girls (as Honey Bee)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968 - Hey taxi (as Patty Paay) (German single)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968 - Dat is de liefde (as Patricia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968 - Tambourine girl (as Patricia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969 - Kleine tovenaar (as Patricia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969 - Sim sala bim (as Patricia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969 - Fisherman king (as Patricia, with Brainbox)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969 - Sing me a lovesong/All or nothing (as Honey Bee & the Harbourlights)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970 - Were you there (as Package - occasion formation from Patricia Paay, The Buffoons, Left Side and Unit Gloria) "(tipparade)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970 - Tell me (you're never gonna leave me) (as Patricia, accompanied by The Golden Earring) "(tipparade)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971 - Put your hand in the hand (as member of Himalaya) "(tipparade)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972 - I believe in love (as Honey Pie (with her sister Yvonne Paay))

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973 - Easy Boy (as background singer at Greenfield & Cook) "(#8 in Dutch top 40) "

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973 - Music lovin' girl (as member of occasion formation Sealegs)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975 - Can you please crawl out your window

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976 - Children come home

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976 - Someday my prince will come "( #22 in Dutch top 40 )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976 - Now (is the moment) "( #20 in Dutch top 40 )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977 - Who's that lady with my man "( #2 in Dutch top 40 )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977 - Livin' without you "( #5 in Dutch top 40 )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978 - Everlasting love

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978 - Malibu "( #14 in Dutch top 40 )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 - The best friend I know (duet with Yvonne Keeley) "( #26 in Dutch top 40 )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 - You colour my life (promosingle for Mary Quant)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 - You Make it Alright (duet with Jacques Kloes) "( #25 in Dutch top 40 )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 - Give it to me "( tipparade )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 - Maybe - To know him is to love him "( #31 in Dutch top 40 )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 - Sweets For My Sweet - Definitely Too Young (Under the name The Twits_

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 - Who let the heartache in "( #9 in Dutch top 40 )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 - Saturday nights "( #15 in the Dutch top 40 )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 - A dime a dance

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 - Queen for tonight

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 - Tomorrow "( #6 in Dutch top 40 )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 - Solitaire "( #16 in Dutch top 40 )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987 - Stop me "( tipparade )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 - De wereld (duet with Rob de Nijs) "( tipparade )"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 - I've never been to me

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 - I Love My Daughter Aimee (with Adam Curry her former husband and daughter Christina)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 - Daddy (as Patricia Paay & the John Paay Orchestra)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - Who's that lady with my man '09 (John Marks featuring Patricia Paay)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - Verliefd (Duet with Diego)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Her discography at e.discogs

description: Dutch singer

wikidata_label: Patricia Paay

wikipedia_title: Patricia Paay


text:
Pope
Roman
See of Sabina
papal election of 1130
Antipope Anacletus II
Pope Innocent II
France
Italy
election to the papacy
Dean of the College of Cardinals
Frederick I
See of Magdeburg
Saint William of York
York
pallium
Cistercian
Pope Adrian IV
List of popes
Cardinals created by Anastasius IV

categories: Deans of the College of Cardinals,12th-century Roman Catholic bishops,1154 deaths,Popes,Cardinal-nephews,Cardinal-bishops of Sabina,1073 births,Italian popes,People from Rome

paragraph: Pope Anastasius IV

paragraph: Pope Anastasius IV ( – 3 December 1154), born Corrado Demetri della Suburra, was Pope from 8 July 1153 to his death in 1154. He is the last pope to take the name "Anastasius" upon his election.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was a Roman, son of Benedictus de Suburra, probably of the family of Demetri, and became a secular clerk. He was created cardinal-priest of S. Pudenziana by Pope Paschal II no later than in 1114. In 1127 or 1128 Pope Honorius II promoted him to the suburbicarian See of Sabina. He had taken part in the double papal election of 1130, had been one of the most determined opponents of Antipope Anacletus II and, when Pope Innocent II fled to France, had been left behind as his vicar in Italy. At the time of his election to the papacy in July 1153 he was Dean of the College of Cardinals and probably the oldest member of that body.

paragraph: Section::::Pontificate.

paragraph: During his short pontificate he played the part of a peacemaker; he came to terms with the Emperor Frederick I in the vexing question of the appointment to the See of Magdeburg and closed the long quarrel, which had raged through four pontificates, about the appointment of William Fitzherbert (commonly known as Saint William of York) to the see of York by sending him the pallium in spite of the continued opposition of the powerful Cistercian order. Pope Anastasius IV died on 3 December 1154 and was succeeded by Cardinal Nicholas of Albano as Pope Adrian IV.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of popes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cardinals created by Anastasius IV

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

alias:
Corrado Demetri della Suburra
Pope Anastasius IV

description: pope

wikidata_label: Anastasius IV

wikipedia_title: Pope Anastasius IV


text:
Pope
Fieschi
Lavagna
chaplain
benefice
archdeacon
Bologna
Parma
canon
Reims
Piacenza
cathedral chapter
Cardinal Deacon
Pope Innocent IV
archpriest
patriarch
Liberian Basilica
Pope Clement IV
Henry III of England
Crusades
papal legate
English
statute law
Statute of Marlborough
Boniface VIII
canons
Protestant Reformation
Thomas II of Savoy
Eleanor of Provence
Charles of Anjou
elected Pope
Innocent V
Viterbo
ordained
priest
San Francesco alla Rocca
Arnolfo di Cambio
Pope Gregory X
bull
papal conclave
Divine Comedy
Dante
Purgatory
avaricious
atones
sin
List of popes
Adriano V

categories: Diplomats of the Holy See,1276 deaths,13th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Popes,Viterbo Papacy,Cardinal-nephews,People of the Republic of Genoa,Italian popes,13th-century births

paragraph: Pope Adrian V

paragraph: Pope Adrian V (; c. 1210/122018 August 1276), born Ottobuono de' Fieschi, was Pope from 11 July 1276 to his death on 18 August 1276.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ottobuono belonged to a feudal family of Liguria, the Fieschi, Counts of Lavagna.

paragraph: His first clerical position came in 1243, when he was created a papal chaplain. Subsequently, he received several ecclesiastical benefices, becoming archdeacon in Bologna (1244) and Parma (1244/48–1255), canon and chancellor of the cathedral chapter in Reims (1243–1250), canon and dean of the chapter in Piacenza (c. 1247) and canon of the cathedral chapter in Paris (1244/45–1270). In December 1251, he was created Cardinal Deacon of San Adriano by his uncle Pope Innocent IV. He was also archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian Basilica (attested from 1262).

paragraph: He was sent to England in 1265 by Pope Clement IV to mediate between King Henry III of England and his barons, and to preach the Crusades. He remained there for several years as the papal legate, serving from October 1265 to July 1268. His diplomatic position was such that his name is still on the oldest extant piece of English statute law, the Statute of Marlborough of 1267, where the formal title mentions as a witness "the Lord Ottobon, at that time legate in England". (Also on this legation was a young diplomat, the future Boniface VIII.) In April 1268 he issued a set of canons, which formed the basis of church law in England until the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century.

paragraph: Fieschi was related distantly, by affinity, to Henry III; his sister had married Thomas II of Savoy, who was a cousin of Henry's wife, Eleanor of Provence.

paragraph: Under the influence of Charles of Anjou, he was elected Pope to succeed Innocent V on 11 July 1276 but died at Viterbo on 18 August 1276 from illness without ever having been ordained to the priesthood. He is buried there in the church of San Francesco alla Rocca. His funeral monument is attributed to Arnolfo di Cambio. Adrian V was the third pope in "The Year of Four Popes" of 1276.

paragraph: He annulled Pope Gregory X's bull on the holding of papal conclaves, but died before enacting new regulations.

paragraph: Section::::In literature.

paragraph: In the "Divine Comedy", Dante meets Adrian's spirit in Purgatory, on the level reserved for the avaricious, where Adrian atones for his sin of worldly ambition. (Purgatorio XIX, 88-145).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of popes

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cristofori, Francesco (1887). "Le tombe dei pape in Viterbo". Siena 1887.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sternfeld, Richard (1905). "Der Kardinal Johann Gaetan Orsini (Papst Nikolaus III.) 1244-1277". Berlin: E. Ebering 1905.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1906). "History of Rome in the Middle Ages", Volume V.2 second edition, revised. London: George Bell, 1906.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schöpp, Natalie (1916). "Papst Hadrian V (Kardinal Ottobuono Fieschi)". Heidelberg; C. Winter 1916.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gatto, Ludovico (2000). "Adriano V," "Enciclopedia dei papi" (ed. Manlio Simonetti et al.) Vol. I (Roma 2000), pp. 425–427.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maxwell-Stuart, P. G. "Chronicle of the Popes: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Papacy from St. Peter to the Present". New York: Thames & Hudson, 2002, p. 117–118. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paravicini Bagliani, A. (1972). "Cardinali di curia e familiae cardinalizie dal 1227 al 1254", Padova 1972, p. 358–365

alias:
Ottobuono de' Fieschi
Pope Adrian V

description: pope

wikidata_label: Adrian V

wikipedia_title: Pope Adrian V


text: Pope

text: Englishman

text: British Isles

text: Bedmond

text: Abbots Langley

text: Hertfordshire

text: Merton Priory

text: Abbey School

text: St Albans

text: Frederick I Barbarossa

text: Arnold of Brescia

text: St Albans

text: canon regular

text: Arles

text: prior

text: abbot

text: Pope Eugene III

text: Cardinal

text: Bishop of Albano

text: Scandinavia

text: papal legate

text: Trondheim

text: Diocese

text: Hamar

text: cathedral school

text: Norway

text: Catholic spirituality

text: Reformation

text: Gamla Uppsala

text: Uppsala

text: Lund

text: vicar

text: primate

text: Denmark

text: Sweden

text: Henry, Bishop of Finland

text: Anglicans

text: Pope Anastasius IV

text: Arnold of Brescia

text: Palm Sunday

text: interdict

text: Senate

text: Frederick I

text: Byzantine Emperor

text: Manuel Comnenus

text: Apulia

text: Sicilian

text: Greek

text: coastland

text: Normans

text: Sicily

text: Eastern Roman Empire

text: Campania

text: Roman Empire

text: Orthodox

text: schism

text: Normans

text: Southern Italy

text: Robert of Loritello

text: Constantinople

text: Brindisi

text: Byzantine Army

text: Byzantine Empire

text: Bishop of Rome

text: Synod of Kells

text: Laudabiliter

text: Angevin

text: King Henry II of England

text: Winchester

text: Empress Matilda

text: Wales

text: Pope Alexander III

text: Pope Lucius III

text: Henry VIII

text: Crown of Ireland Act 1542

text: invaded Ireland

text: Dermot McMurrough

text: Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke

text: fealty

text: Pope Alexander III

text: Synod of Cashel

text: Sutri

text: crowning

text: Holy Roman Emperor

text: groom

text: kiss of peace

text: diet of Besançon

text: benefice

text: coronation

text: excommunicated

text: Anagni

text: quinsy

text: Cardinal Boso

text: Liber Pontificalis

text: Bedmond

text: St Albans

text: Nicholas Breakspear Catholic School

text: St Albans School (Hertfordshire)

text: Pope Adrian 37th Psychristiatric

text: Rudimentary Peni

text: List of popes

text: Cardinals created by Adrian IV

text: Enciclopedia dei Papi

categories: 1159 deaths,Diplomats of the Holy See,12th-century English people,Deaths from quinsy,People from Abbots Langley,Cardinal-bishops of Albano,12th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Canonical Augustinian popes,Popes,1100s births,Apostolic Nuncios to Scandinavia,Pope Adrian IV,English Roman Catholics,People educated at St Albans School, Hertfordshire,English popes,English cardinals,Canonical Augustinian abbots and priors

paragraph: Pope Adrian IV

paragraph: Pope Adrian IV (; born Nicholas Breakspear; 1 September 1159), also known as Hadrian IV, was Pope from 4 December 1154 to his death in 1159.

paragraph: Adrian IV is both the only Englishman and the only inhabitant of the British Isles to have occupied the papal throne. It is believed that he was born in Bedmond in the parish of Abbots Langley in Hertfordshire and received his early education at Merton Priory and the Abbey School, St Albans.

paragraph: Breakspeare became a canon regular of St Rufus monastery near Arles and rose to be prior. He later served as papal legate in Scandinavia.

paragraph: As Pope, he crowned Frederick I Barbarossa, and successfully removed Arnold of Brescia, who had challenged Papal rule of Rome, to become "to all intents and purposes, master of the city".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Nicholas' father was Robert, who later became a monk at St Albans. Nicholas was refused admission to his local monastery, so he went to Paris and later became a canon regular of St Rufus monastery near Arles. He rose to be prior and was then soon unanimously elected abbot; this latter event is traditionally dated to 1137, but evidence from the abbey's chronicles suggests that it happened about 1145.

paragraph: Nicholas gained a reputation as a formidably strict disciplinarian. His reforming zeal as abbot led to the lodging of complaints against him at Rome, but these merely attracted the favourable attention of Pope Eugene III ("a convinced Anglophile"), who named him Cardinal Bishop of Albano in December 1149. It is also reported that Nicholas' eloquence, ability and "his outstanding good looks" assisted with his selection.

paragraph: From 1152 to 1154, Nicholas was in Scandinavia as papal legate, establishing an independent archepiscopal see for Norway at Trondheim, a place he chose chiefly in honour of St Olaf. This led him to create the Diocese at Hamar, and, according to tradition, to form cathedral schools in Norway's bishopric cities. These schools were to have a lasting effect on education and Catholic spirituality in Norway (even after the Reformation Norway's cathedral schools persisted, although they later lost their formal ties to the church.). Nicholas made arrangements which resulted in the recognition of Gamla Uppsala (Old Uppsala) as seat of the Swedish metropolitan in 1164 (later moved to Uppsala). As compensation for territory thus withdrawn, the Danish archbishop of Lund was made legate and perpetual vicar and given the title of primate of Denmark and Sweden. Nicholas was accompanied to Scandinavia by another English-born priest, Henry, Bishop of Finland (d. 1156), who was later venerated by Catholics, Lutherans and Anglicans as Saint Henry of Uppsala.

paragraph: Section::::Accession as Pope.

paragraph: On his return to Rome, Nicholas was received with great honour by Pope Anastasius IV. On the death of Anastasius, Nicholas was unanimously elected as Pope on 3 December 1154, taking the name Adrian IV. He at once endeavoured to bring down Arnold of Brescia, the leader of the anti-papal faction in Rome. Disorder within the city led to the murder of a cardinal, prompting Adrian, shortly before Palm Sunday 1155, to take the unheard-of step of putting Rome under interdict, effectively closing all the churches in Rome. This act had a huge impact on daily life in Rome:Exceptions were made for the baptism of infants and the absolution of the dying: otherwise all sacraments and services were forbidden. No masses could be said, no masses solemnised: even dead bodies might not be buried in consecrated grounds. In the days where religion still constituted an integral part of every man's life, the effect of such a moral blockade was immeasurable.This act also had a huge potential economic impact: the interdict greatly diminished the seasonal influx of pilgrims, thus damaging the local economy. Without Easter services the pilgrims would not visit; thereupon, the Senate (City Council of Rome) exiled Arnold, and the pope, with the cooperation of the newly arrived Frederick I (Barbarossa), procured Arnold's execution.

paragraph: Section::::The Byzantine Alliance.

paragraph: In 1155, Byzantine Emperor Manuel Comnenus reconquered southern Italy, landing his forces in the region of Apulia. Making contact with local rebels who were hostile to the Sicilian crown, Greek forces quickly overran the coastlands and began striking inland. Pope Adrian IV watched these developments with some satisfaction. The Papacy was never on good terms with the Normans of Sicily, except when under duress by the threat of direct military action. For Adrian, having the Eastern Roman Empire on its southern border was preferable to having to deal constantly with the troublesome Normans. Therefore, negotiations were hurriedly carried out, and an alliance was formed between Adrian and Manuel. Adrian undertook to raise a body of mercenary troops from Campania. Meanwhile, Manuel dreamed of restoration of the Roman Empire; this was, however, at the cost of a potential union between the Orthodox and the Catholic Church. Negotiations for union of the eastern and western churches, which had been in a state of schism since 1054, soon got under way. The combined Papal-Byzantine forces joined with the rebels against the Normans in Southern Italy, achieving a string of rapid successes as a number of cities yielded either to the threat of force or to the lure of gold.

paragraph: But just as the war seemed decided in the allies' favour, things started to go wrong. The Greek commander Michael Palaeologus alienated some of his allies by his arrogance, and this stalled the campaign as rebel Count Robert of Loritello refused to speak to him. Although the two were reconciled, the campaign lost some of its momentum. Worse was to come: Michael was soon recalled to Constantinople. Although his arrogance had slowed the campaign, he was a brilliant general in the field, and his loss was a major blow to the allied campaign. The turning point was the battle for Brindisi, where the Sicilians launched a major counterattack by both land and sea. At the approach of the enemy, the mercenaries who were serving in the allied armies demanded impossible increases in their pay; when these were refused, they deserted. Even the local barons started to melt away, and soon Adrian's Byzantine allies were left hopelessly outnumbered. The naval battle was decided in the Sicilians' favour, and the Byzantine commander was captured. The defeat at Brindisi put an end to the restored Byzantine reign in Italy, and by 1158 the Byzantine Army had left Italy.

paragraph: Hopes for a lasting alliance with the Byzantine Empire had also come up against insuperable problems. Pope Adrian IV's conditions for a union between the eastern and western churches included recognition of his religious authority over Christians everywhere; the Emperor in turn required recognition of his secular authority. Neither East nor West could accept such conditions. Adrian's secular powers were too valuable to be surrendered and Manuel's subjects could never have accepted the authority of the distant Bishop of Rome. In spite of his friendliness towards the Roman Church, Adrian never felt able to honour Manuel with the title of "Augustus". Ultimately, a deal proved elusive, and the two churches remained divided.

paragraph: Section::::Adrian IV and the Norman invasion of Ireland.

paragraph: In 1155, three years after the Synod of Kells, the Papal Bull "Laudabiliter" was published which was addressed to the Angevin King Henry II of England. It urged Henry to invade Ireland to bring its church under the Roman system and to conduct a general reform of governance and society throughout the island. The authenticity of this grant, the historian Edmund Curtis says, is one of ""the great questions of history"." He states that the matter was discussed at a Royal Council at Winchester, but that Henry's mother, the Empress Matilda, had protested, and the expedition was put off to another time.

paragraph: In Ireland however, nothing seems to have been known of it, and no provision appears to have been made to defend against the prospect of Angevin Norman aggression, despite their westward expansion throughout England and Wales. Ernest F. Henderson states that the existence of this Bull is doubted by many while, in noting that its authenticity has been questioned without resolution, P. S. O'Hegarty suggests that the question is now purely an academic one. It is notable that decisions of Pope Alexander III, Pope Lucius III, and King Henry VIII in proclaiming the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 were predicated on this document.

paragraph: The Normans invaded Ireland in two stages. Dermot McMurrough invited a small number of Norman knights led by Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke in 1169 to help in a local war, and they were rewarded with grants of land. Fearing that they might create an autonomous power, Henry II landed with a much larger force in 1171. In November 1171 Henry accepted the fealty of the Dublin Vikings, the Gaelic kings and the Norman knights. Henry's action was approved by Pope Alexander III and the Synod of Cashel met in 1172. "Laudabiliter" came to be seen as the first step in a process, but modern historians think it less important.

paragraph: Section::::Crowning of Frederick I as Holy Roman Emperor.

paragraph: Adrian and Frederick Barbarossa met on 9 June 1155 near Sutri to discuss Barbarossa's crowning as Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope. According to protocol, the King should have met the Pope outside the camp to hold the bridle of the Pope's horse while he dismounted; Barbarossa did not do this, saying it was not part of his duty to act as Papal groom. In turn, Adrian refused the King the traditional kiss of peace until this service was delivered. In the end, Barbarossa gave in and ordered his camp moved a little further south where, on 11 June, the procedure was repeated - this time with Barbarossa undertaking the groom duties - and conversations about the coronation began.

paragraph: Adrian crowned Frederick I as Holy Roman Emperor on 18 June in Rome.

paragraph: Section::::Disagreement with Barbarossa and the death of Adrian IV.

paragraph: At the diet of Besançon in October 1157, the legates presented to Frederick I a letter from Adrian IV which alluded to the "beneficia" or "benefits" conferred upon the Emperor. The German chancellor translated this "beneficia" in the feudal sense of the presentation of property from a lord to a vassal (benefice). Frederick was infuriated by the suggestion that he was dependent on the Pope, and in the storm which ensued the legates were glad to escape with their lives. The incident at length closed with a letter from the Pope, declaring that by "beneficium" he meant merely "bonum factum" or "a good deed," i.e. the coronation. The breach subsequently became wider, and the Emperor was about to be excommunicated when Adrian died at Anagni on 1 September 1159, reputedly by choking on a fly in his wine, but more likely from quinsy.

paragraph: His biography was first written by Cardinal Boso in his extension to the "Liber Pontificalis".

paragraph: Section::::Memorials in Hertfordshire.

paragraph: Amongst a group of modern houses in the village of Bedmond near St Albans is a small plaque recording the spot as his birthplace, historically in the parish of Abbots Langley. Today the village has several streets named after him, including Popes Road, Adrian Road and Breakspeare Road.

paragraph: There is a Nicholas Breakspear Catholic School in St Albans, and a Breakspear Primary School in Ickenham, near Uxbridge.

paragraph: One of the school houses of St Albans School (Hertfordshire) (founded in 948 AD) was named "Breakspear" until 1996.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pope Adrian 37th Psychristiatric", a concept album by Rudimentary Peni related to Pope Adrian IV

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of popes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cardinals created by Adrian IV

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolas Brakespeare. A very British Pope @ "Ward's Book of Days"

paragraph: BULLET::::- POPE ADRIAN IV (1100–1159) BY T. DUNCAN MACKIE (btm format)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Enciclopedia dei Papi (Italian)

alias:
Nicholas Breakspear
Pope Adrian IV
Nicolas Breakspear
Hadrianus IV

description: Pope from 1154 to 1159

wikidata_label: Adrian IV

wikipedia_title: Pope Adrian IV


text: Catholic Church

text: Papal States

text: Rome

text: Savelli family

text: canon

text: Santa Maria Maggiore

text: Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church

text: Cardinal Deacon

text: Pope Clement III

text: Pope Celestine III

text: Liber Censuum

text: Frederick

text: Pope Innocent III

text: Constance of Sicily

text: cardinal priest

text: Ss. Ioannis et Pauli

text: Perugia

text: Tatars

text: schism

text: Pope Gregory IX

text: tiara

text: Holy Land

text: Fifth Crusade

text: Fifth Crusade

text: Lateran Council

text: Peter II of Courtenay

text: Latin Emperor

text: Constantinople

text: despot of Epirus

text: Theodore Komnenos Doukas

text: Holy Roman Emperor

text: Egypt

text: Damietta

text: Andrew II of Hungary

text: Rhine

text: Egypt

text: papal legate

text: Pelagius

text: Isabella II of Jerusalem

text: Treaty of San Germano

text: Pope Gregory IX

text: Cathar

text: France

text: Baltic Sea

text: Raymond VI of Toulouse

text: Avignon

text: Louis VIII of France

text: Dominican Order

text: Franciscan Order

text: Carmelite Order

text: Rule of St. Albert of Jerusalem

text: Saint Dominic

text: basilica

text: Santa Sabina

text: Rome

text: San Sisto Vecchio

text: Dominican

text: studium generale

text: Santa Maria sopra Minerva

text: Serbia

text: Stefan Prvovenčani

text: Brothers and Sisters of Penance

text: University of Paris

text: France

text: Chartres

text: University of Paris

text: University of Bologna

text: Liber Pontificalis

text: Apostolic See

text: Pope Clement III

text: Pope Celestine III

text: Gregory VII

text: grimoire

text: The Grimoire of Pope Honorius

text: List of popes

text: Cardinals created by Honorius III

text: Encyclopædia Britannica

categories: Christians of the Prussian Crusade,13th-century popes,Pope Honorius III,12th-century Italian people,13th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Christians of the Fifth Crusade,Camerlengos of the Holy Roman Church,1150 births,1227 deaths,Christians of the Livonian Crusade,Italian popes,People from Rome

paragraph: Pope Honorius III

paragraph: Pope Honorius III (1150 – 18 March 1227), born as Cencio Savelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 18 July 1216 to his death in 1227.

paragraph: Section::::Early work.

paragraph: He was born in Rome as a son of Aimerico, a member of the Roman Savelli family.

paragraph: For a time canon at the church of Santa Maria Maggiore, he later became Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in January 1188 and Cardinal Deacon of Santa Lucia in Silice on 20 February 1193. Under Pope Clement III and Pope Celestine III he was treasurer of the Roman Church, compiling the "Liber Censuum", and served as acting Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church from 1194 until 1198.

paragraph: In 1197 he became the tutor to the Sicilian king Frederick, future emperor, who had been given as ward to Pope Innocent III by his mother, Constance of Sicily.

paragraph: Innocent III raised him to the rank of a cardinal priest in 1200, by which he obtained the "Titulus" of "Ss. Ioannis et Pauli". He was dismissed as Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in 1198, but about the same time he assumed the post of Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

paragraph: Section::::Papal election.

paragraph: On 18 July 1216, seventeen cardinals present at the death of Innocent III assembled at Perugia (where Innocent III had died two days previously) with the purpose of electing a new pope. The troubled state of affairs in Italy, the threatening attitude of the Tatars, and the fear of a schism induced the cardinals to agree to an election by compromise. Cardinals Ugolino of Ostia (afterwards Pope Gregory IX) and Guido Papareschi were empowered to appoint the new pope. Their choice fell upon Cencio Savelli, who accepted the tiara with reluctance and took the name of Honorius III. He was consecrated at Perugia on 24 July and was crowned at Rome on 31 August. He took possession of the Lateran on 3 September 1216. The Roman people were greatly elated at the election, for Honorius III was himself a Roman and by his extreme kindness had endeared himself to the hearts of all.

paragraph: Like his famous predecessor, Pope Innocent III, he set his mind on the achievement of two great goals: the recovery of the Holy Land in the Fifth Crusade and a spiritual reform of the entire Church. But in contrast with Innocent III, he sought these achievements by kindness and indulgence rather than by force and severity.

paragraph: Section::::Papacy.

paragraph: Section::::Papacy.:Fifth Crusade.

paragraph: The Fifth Crusade was endorsed by the Lateran Council of 1215, and Honorius started preparations for the crusade to begin in 1217. To procure the means necessary for this colossal undertaking, the Pope, and the cardinals were to contribute the tenth part of their income for three years. All other ecclesiastics were to contribute the twentieth part. Though the money thus collected was considerable, it was by no means sufficient for a general crusade as planned by Honorius III.

paragraph: Far-reaching prospects seemed to open before him when Honorius crowned Peter II of Courtenay as Latin Emperor of Constantinople in April 1217, but the new Emperor was captured on his eastward journey by the despot of Epirus, Theodore Komnenos Doukas, and died in confinement.

paragraph: Honorius III was aware that there was only one man in Europe who could bring about the recovery of the Holy Land, and that man was his former pupil, the Emperor Frederick II of Germany. Like many other rulers, Frederick II had taken an oath to embark for the Holy Land in 1217. But Frederick II hung back, and Honorius III repeatedly put off the date for the beginning of the expedition.

paragraph: In April 1220, Frederick II was elected Emperor, and on 22 November 1220, he was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome.

paragraph: In spite of the insistence of Honorius III, Frederick II still delayed, and the Egyptian campaign failed miserably with the loss of Damietta on 8 September 1221.

paragraph: Most rulers of Europe were engaged in wars of their own and could not leave their countries for any length of time. King Andrew II of Hungary and, somewhat later, a fleet of crusaders from the region along the Lower Rhine finally departed for the Holy Land. They took Damietta and a few other places in Egypt, but a lack of unity among the Christians and rivalry between their leaders and the papal legate Pelagius resulted in failure.

paragraph: 24 June 1225 was finally fixed as the date for the departure of Frederick II, and Honorius III brought about his marriage to Queen Isabella II of Jerusalem with a view to binding him closer to the plan. But the Treaty of San Germano in July 1225 permitted a further delay of two years.

paragraph: Frederick II now made serious preparations for the crusade. In the midst of it, however, Pope Honorius III died in Rome on 18 March 1227 without seeing the achievement of his hopes. It was left to his successor, Pope Gregory IX, to insist upon their accomplishment.

paragraph: Besides the liberation of the Holy Land, Honorius III felt bound to forward the repression of Cathar heresy in the south of France, the war for the faith in the Spanish peninsula, the planting of Christianity in the lands along the Baltic Sea, and the maintenance of the impossible Latin empire in Constantinople.

paragraph: Of these projects, the rooting out of heresy lay nearest to Honorius III's heart. In the south of France, he carried on Innocent III's work, confirming Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester in the possession of the lands of Raymond VI of Toulouse and succeeding, as Innocent III had not, in drawing the royal house of France into the conflict.

paragraph: The most widely important event of this period was the siege and capture of Avignon. Both Honorius III and King Louis VIII of France turned a deaf ear to Frederick II's assertion of the claims of the Empire to that town.

paragraph: Section::::Papacy.:Approval of religious orders and other works.

paragraph: Pope Honorius III approved the Dominican Order in 1216, the Franciscan Order in 1223, and the Carmelite Order's Rule of St. Albert of Jerusalem in 1226.

paragraph: In 1219 Honorius III invited Saint Dominic and his companions to take up residence at the ancient Roman basilica of Santa Sabina, which they did by early 1220. Before that time the friars had only a temporary residence in Rome at the convent of San Sisto Vecchio, which Honorius had given to St. Dominic c. 1218, intending it to become a convent for a reformation of nuns in Rome under Dominic's guidance. The "studium conventuale" at Santa Sabina was the forerunner of the Dominican "studium generale" at Santa Maria sopra Minerva.

paragraph: In 1217 he gave the title of King of Serbia to Stefan Prvovenčani, whose name "Prvovenčani" means “First-Crowned”.

paragraph: During his pontificate, many of the tertiary orders came into existence. He approved the Franciscan Brothers and Sisters of Penance Rule in 1221 with the bull "Memoriale propositi". He also approved the religious congregation "Val des Ecoliers" (Valley of scholars), which had been founded by four pious professors of theology at the University of Paris, France.

paragraph: Being a man of learning, Honorius insisted that the clergy receive a thorough education, especially in theology. In the case of a certain Hugh whom the chapter of Chartres had elected bishop, he withheld his approbation because the bishop-elect did not possess sufficient knowledge, "quum pateretur in litteratura defectum", as the Pope stated in a letter dated 8 January 1219. He even deprived another bishop of his office on account of illiteracy. Honorius bestowed various privileges upon the University of Paris and University of Bologna, the two greatest seats of learning during those times. In order to facilitate the study of theology in dioceses that were distant from the great centers of learning, he ordered in the bull "Super specula Domini" that some talented young men should be sent to a recognized theological school to study theology with the purpose of teaching it afterwards in their dioceses.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: Honorius III acquired some fame as an author. The most important of his writings is the "Liber censuum Romanae ecclesiae", which is the most valuable source for the medieval position of the Church in regard to property and also serves in part as a continuation of the "Liber Pontificalis". It comprises a list of the revenues of the Apostolic See, a record of donations received, privileges granted, and contracts made with cities and rulers. It was begun under Pope Clement III and completed in 1192 under Pope Celestine III. The original manuscript of the "Liber Censuum" is still in existence ("Vaticanus latinus" 8486).

paragraph: Honorius III also wrote a biography of Celestine III; a biography of Gregory VII; an "Ordo Romanus", which is a sort of ceremonial containing the rites of the Church for various occasions; and thirty-four sermons.

paragraph: Honorius is also purported to be the author of a grimoire. "In this text called The Grimoire of Pope Honorius, he supposedly discusses the value of occult knowledge in the Church, and how by summoning or raising demonic entities, one could learn to control them. The supposed author uses his faith in God and mixes with it the teachings of King Solomon; it contains invocations of demonic entities for every day of the week. He talked about the priest needing to fast for a certain amount of time and the sacrifice of animals in order to help with the binding of evil spirits." All this would be in contrast, however, with the pope's insistence on bishops knowing Catholic theology and as being contrary to the Catholic teaching on witchcraft or sorcery as also seen in both the Old and New Testaments and early Church councils (Catholic Encyclopedia, article "Witchcraft").

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of popes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cardinals created by Honorius III

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abbé César Auguste Horoy, "Honorii III Romani pontificis opera Omnia" 5 vols. (Paris 1879-1882).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pietro Pressuti (editor), "I regesti del pontefice Onorio III dall anno 1216 al anno 1227" Vol. 1 (Roma 1884).

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. Clausen, "Papst Honorius III (1216-1227. Eine Monographie" (Bonn: P. Hauptmann 1895).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ferdinand Gregorovius, "History of Rome in the Middle Ages", Volume V.1 second edition, revised (London: George Bell, 1906) Book IX, Chapter 3, pp. 96–128.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Narciso Mengozzi, "Papa Onorio III e le sue relazioni col regno di Inghilt"erra (Siena: L. Lazzeri, 1911).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mauro Giacomo Sanna, "Onorio III e la Sardegna (1216-1227)" (Cagliari: Centro studi filologici sardi, 2013).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pierre-Vincent Claverie, "Honorius III et l'Orient (1216-1227): Étude et publication de sources inédites des Archives vaticanes (ASV") (Leiden: Brill 2013).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas W. Smith, "Curia and Crusade: Pope Honorius III and the Recovery of the Holy Land, 1216-1227" (Turnhout: Brepols, 2017).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Initial text taken from a paper copy of the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica; 1881. Please update as needed."

alias:
Cencio Savelli
Pope Honorius III
pape Honorius III

description: pope

wikidata_label: Honorius III

wikipedia_title: Pope Honorius III


text:
Greek
Greek
Athenian
soldier
Battle of Marathon
Herodotus
"Histories"
conversion disorder

categories: Battle of Marathon,Year of death missing,Year of birth missing,5th-century BC Athenians

paragraph: Epizelus

paragraph: Epizelus (Greek: Ἐπίζηλος), the son of Cuphagoras (Greek: Κουφάγoρας) was an Athenian soldier who fought at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE.

paragraph: The only author to mention this individual is Herodotus in his "Histories":

paragraph: Section::::Historical value.

paragraph: The description suggests that Epizelus suffered from "hysterical blindness" (referred to as a conversion disorder).

wikidata_label: Epizelus

wikipedia_title: Epizelus


text:
FIM Superstock 1000 Cup
Superbike World Championship
Supersport World Championship
Rider profile

categories: Italian motorcycle racers,Superbike World Championship riders,1986 births,FIM Superstock 1000 Cup riders,People from Biella,Living people

paragraph: Ayrton Badovini

paragraph: Ayrton Badovini (born 31 May 1986) is an Italian motorcycle racer. He has competed in the Italian Superbike Championship, the FIM Superstock 1000 Cup, where he was champion in , the Superbike World Championship and the Supersport World Championship.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.:Supersport World Championship.:Races by year.

paragraph: * Season still in progress.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rider profile at Worldsbk.com

description: Italian motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Ayrton Badovini

wikipedia_title: Ayrton Badovini


text:
Russia
Belarus
ice hockey
goaltender
HC Lada Togliatti
Kontinental Hockey League

categories: HC Shakhtyor Soligorsk players,Russian ice hockey goaltenders,Yunost Minsk players,Universiade silver medalists for Belarus,HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk players,1985 births,Shinnik Bobruisk players,Competitors at the 2011 Winter Universiade,HC Donbass players,Universiade medalists in ice hockey,Belarusian ice hockey players,Living people

paragraph: Stepan Goryachevskikh

paragraph: Stepan Goryachevskikh (born 26 June 1985) is a Russian-Belarusian professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing HC Lada Togliatti of the Kontinental Hockey League.

description: Belarusian ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Stepan Goryachevskikh

wikipedia_title: Stepan Goryachevskikh


text:
Ukrainian
Belarusian
ice hockey
right winger
HC Yugra
Supreme Hockey League
HC Dinamo Minsk
Kontinental Hockey League

categories: HC Yugra players,Richmond Renegades players,Acadie–Bathurst Titan players,HC Dinamo Minsk players,Houston Aeros (1994–2013) players,1981 births,HK Mogilev players,HC Donbass players,Ukrainian ice hockey players,Des Moines Buccaneers players,Belarusian ice hockey players,HK Neman Grodno players,HC Shakhtyor Soligorsk players,Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Belarus,Louisiana IceGators (ECHL) players,Living people,Yunost Minsk players,Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in the United States,Pensacola Ice Pilots players

paragraph: Oleksandr Materukhin

paragraph: Oleksandr Materukhin (born 17 October 1981) is a Ukrainian-Belarusian professional ice hockey right winger currently playing for HC Yugra in the Supreme Hockey League (VHL). He has formerly played with Belarusian club, HC Dinamo Minsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

description: Ukrainian ice hockey Right Winger

wikidata_label: Oleksandr Materukhin

wikipedia_title: Oleksandr Materukhin


text: Princess Madeleine

text: Christopher O'Neill

text: King Carl XVI Gustaf

text: Queen Silvia

text: Danderyd Hospital

text: Danderyd

text: 21-gun salute

text: Skeppsholmen

text: Stockholm

text: Gothenburg

text: Härnösand

text: Karlskrona

text: Boden

text: King Carl XVI Gustaf

text: Te Deum

text: Stockholm Palace

text: Drottningholm Palace

text: Princess Leonore

text: Duchess of Blekinge

text: Royal Order of the Seraphim

categories: Dukes of provinces of Sweden,People from Danderyd Municipality,Living people,Swedish princesses,House of Bernadotte,Royal children,2018 births

paragraph: Princess Adrienne, Duchess of Blekinge

paragraph: Princess Adrienne of Sweden, Duchess of Blekinge (Adrienne Josephine Alice Bernadotte; born 9 March 2018) is the third child and second daughter of Princess Madeleine and Christopher O'Neill. She is a granddaughter of King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia. She is tenth in the line of succession to the Swedish throne.

paragraph: Section::::Birth.

paragraph: Princess Adrienne was born on 9 March 2018 at Danderyd Hospital in Danderyd, Sweden. The birth was greeted by a 21-gun salute from Skeppsholmen in Stockholm and from the saluting stations in Gothenburg, Härnösand, Karlskrona and Boden. On 12 March, her names and title were announced at a state council by her grandfather King Carl XVI Gustaf. A Te Deum thanksgiving service was held in her honour in the Royal Chapel at Stockholm Palace on 12 March 2018.

paragraph: Adrienne was christened on 8 June 2018 at Drottningholm Palace chapel, exactly five years after her parents married on 8 June 2013 and four years after the christening of her sister, Princess Leonore, on 8 June 2014. Her godparents are: Anouska d'Abo, Coralie Charriol Paul, Nader Panahpour, Gustav Thott, Charlotte Kreuger Cederlund and Natalie Werner.

paragraph: Section::::Birth.:Titles and styles.

paragraph: Adrienne is styled as: Her Royal Highness Princess Adrienne of Sweden, Duchess of Blekinge.

paragraph: Section::::Birth.:Swedish appointments and honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Member of the Royal Order of the Seraphim (9 March 2018, presented 8 June 2018).

description: Swedish princess

wikidata_label: Princess Adrienne, Duchess of Blekinge

wikipedia_title: Princess Adrienne, Duchess of Blekinge


text:
Hong Kong Arts Development Council
Asian Cultural Council
Hong Kong Heritage Museum
information science
City University of Hong Kong
Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
Hong Kong Arts Centre
Hong Kong Arts Development Council
University of Leeds
Feminist Theory
University of Leeds
Hong Kong Baptist University
Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
Kadoorie Farm Botanic Garden
site-specific works
Jerry Kwan
Headlands Center for the Arts
Hong Kong Film Archive
Yasujiro Ozu
Tokyo Story
A Story of Floating Weeds
Yoshimitsu Morita
And Then
Fei Mu
Spring in a small town
Hiroshima bombing
Khmer Rouge
South China Morning Post
Occupy protest
Osage Gallery

categories: Hong Kong artists,Hong Kong women artists,1973 births

paragraph: Ivy Ma

paragraph: Ivy Ma (Ma King Chu; Chinese: 馬琼珠; born 1973) is a Hong Kong visual artist specializing in mixed media works. Her works were featured in the Hong Kong Art Biennial in 2005 and the Hong Kong Contemporary Art Awards in 2012. She was the winner of the Young Artist Award category of the 2012 Hong Kong Contemporary Art Awards. She was one of the fifteen artists included in the online Artshare exhibition entitled "Resistance" dedicated to Hong Kong artists, curated by art writer Caroline Ha Thuc. Recipients of the FCO Chevening University of Leeds Scholarship from the Hong Kong Arts Development Council and the Lee Hysan Foundation Fellowship from the Asian Cultural Council, she participated in various artist-in-residence programs and international artist workshops in Bangladesh, Finland, Åland, and the USA from 2005 to 2009. Her works are in the collection of the Hong Kong Heritage Museum and is part of the Hong Kong Legislative Council Complex Art Acquisition Project commissioned by the Hong Kong Legislative Council Commission.

paragraph: Section::::Education and Career.

paragraph: Ivy Ma was born in Hong Kong in 1973. Her academic training was originally in information science. She received a BA in Information Systems from the City University of Hong Kong in 1996. After working as a programmer and software engineer for some years, she began to study painting in 1999 at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) / The Art School, Hong Kong Arts Centre in Hong Kong and earned a BFA (Painting) in 2001. She was awarded a scholarship by the Hong Kong Arts Development Council to study for one year at the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom, where she obtained a MA in Feminist Theory and Practice in Visual Art in 2002.

paragraph: She served as the Project Coordinator / Manager of 1a space, Hong Kong from 2003 to 2005. She was the curator of the exhibitions "If Hong Kong, A Woman / Traveller" and "Schema: a Traveller's approach" at 1a space and the Artist Commune in Hong Kong in 2005, two exhibitions which are part of the Bilateral Cultural Exchange Project organized by University of Leeds and 1a space, Hong Kong, showcasing artworks by eight female artists from Hong Kong. She curated the exhibition "In Details at" agnès b.’s LIBRAIRE GALERIE, Hong Kong in 2010, in which she is also one of the participating artist.

paragraph: She taught at the HKICC Lee Shau Kee School of Creativity in Hong Kong from 2006 to 2007"." She was a part-time lecturer at the Hong Kong Art School from 2004 to 2016, and has assumed the position of full-time Lecturer since September 2016. She is course instructor of Associate Degree of Arts in Visual Arts at the Academy of Visual Arts (AVA), Hong Kong Baptist University since 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Selected Works and Exhibitions.

paragraph: Section::::Selected Works and Exhibitions.:2001 to 2003: Transmigration of Materials.

paragraph: Initially working in the media of painting and sculpture during her study at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Ivy Ma already shown her interest in exploring the marginality of different media and materials in her early works by using everyday materials like hairpins, thread, wood, cotton, dolls, fresh meat, and candies. She called the process "transmigration of materials".

paragraph: Shown in the group exhibition entitled "Wo-Man" at the Old Ladies House in Macau in 2001, "Room of Memories" (2001) is an installation work consisted of a giant thought bubble composed of hundreds of old-fashioned women's hairpins suspended above a broken chair in a comic-strip narrative.

paragraph: "Remember How to Throb" (2002) is an installation consisting of three works presented in the Graduation Exhibition at the University of Leeds where Ma studied with a scholarship by the Hong Kong Arts Development Council. In "Remember How to Play" (2002), domestic objects such as soft toys, cushions, hair were inserted inside foam and were dotted throughout the exhibition space. Combining video projection and wire, "Remember How to Draw" (2002) showed the artist’s impulsive reactions to her childhood experience of drawing with fingers.

paragraph: Section::::Selected Works and Exhibitions.:2003 to 2009: On-Site Works and Overseas Residencies.

paragraph: While "Room of Memories" (2001) already touches on memory and history of a site, "Far Away, So Close" (2003) installed at the Kadoorie Farm Botanic Garden in Hong Kong in the exhibition entitled "Dream Garden" was one of Ma's earliest site-specific works. She collected trees collapsed during the typhoon. The tree trunks were sawn into columns and mirrors were attached to the cross-section of the trunks. Images of the sky and other trees were reflected at various angles.

paragraph: From 2005 to 2009, Ivy Ma participated in a series of artist residencies and workshops in Bangladesh, Europe and the USA. Several on-site works were realized during this period.

paragraph: As in "Remember How to Play" and "Remember How to Draw (2002)", childhood memories plays an important part in "A Fairy Tale" (2005), a work made during the residency at the Britto International Artists’ Workshop at the Nikera Kori Center in Bangladesh. The work includes a fabricated scaled down version of a merry-go around, and candies in silk handkerchief. As mentioned in the artist's notes, "It is about children’s dreams, runs in the air of the playground then settles down in a room…a solitude. It is also about a person watching children play in a playground (as in the lyrics of the Rolling Stones song "As Tears Go By"), from morning to noon...This was indeed a group work and included the owner of the playground…the blacksmith who made the playground ride, his helper and the children I met in the village who gave me inspiration in thinking about the play in one’s childhood." Collaborated with Abdullah Syed (Pakistan), another participant in the workshop, "Always land" (2005) is an on-site work using net made with plastic thread and falling leaves.

paragraph: "Perception of Phenomenal Soundlessness" (2006) is an on-site work produced outdoors during her residency at the Cable Factory in Helsinki, Finland. Performative acts were carried out while Ma wandered n the frosty landscape. She dragged an empty suitcase with broken wheels to the lakeside, filled it with her own curled up, unclothed body and photographed herself; she gathered tree sticks from grave land and rearranged them on the ice; and she stuffed ice into a man-shaped cloth doll and hanged it on a tree. Images and documentation of the work were presented in the exhibition entitled "Stained, the eclipsed pattern" at Uma-g Gallery, Hong Kong in 2006.

paragraph: "The Wayward Cloud" (2006) follows a similar methodology. Originally an on-site work created when Ma lived in Wan Chai on the Hong Kong Island, It is about the view seen looks back at the seer, an idea already explored in "Far Away, So Close" (2003). In the artist's word, "I loved to look from my window and see many old buildings. Then I wanted to search for the view that looked back at my home, so I went to the opposite building, and asked the owner if I could pay her a little bit for permission to got to the top and see back to my home." A photograph depicting a naked figure holding a cotton wool cloud on a rooftop and another photograph of the rooftop without the figure taken at the scene were included in the exhibition "Perhaps, Solitude" at the studio of the late Jerry Kwan, teacher of Ivy Ma in Fotan in 2007.

paragraph: "In Another Land" (2008) is an installation piece created during her residency at the Headlands Center for the Arts in San Francisco, using pebbles collected from Rodeo Beach nearby and cotton thread from a closed-down factory in Oakland.

paragraph: Section::::Selected Works and Exhibitions.:2010 to 2015: Found Images and Drawing-Interventions.

paragraph: Starting in 2010 Ivy Ma began focusing on found images, both stills taken from specific films and photographs found in history museums, for an ongoing series of what she calls "drawing-interventions" where she actively erases and draws into and over the existing image.

paragraph: In the exhibitions "In Details" (2010) at agnès b.’s LIBRAIRE GALERIE, Hong Kong, "Gazes" (2011) at Gallery EXIT, Hong Kong, and "Still Lifes and Waves" (2011) at the Hong Kong Film Archive"," Ma presented cinematic drawings created by magnifying and printing out film stills of objects, plants and fragments of the mise-en-scène in classic films such as Yasujiro Ozu's "Tokyo Story" and "A Story of Floating Weeds," Yoshimitsu Morita's "And Then," Fei Mu's "Spring in a small town". Then she draws directly on the prints in various subtle ways.

paragraph: In the exhibition "Numbers Standing Still" (2012) at Gallery EXIT, Hong Kong, the source materials are historical images instead of film stills. Re-photographing images of tragedies such as the aftermath of the Hiroshima bombing in "Walking Towards" (2012), the occupation of Nanjing by Japanese soldiers in "Hand 001 / 002 / 003" (2012), and the mass killing by the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia in "Cambodia/Tuol sleng Genocide Museum/Numbers Standing Still" (2012), she erased large portion of the images and then overlapped them with pigments.

paragraph: Ma shifted her focus to people in the exhibition "Someone" (2014) at the Goethe-Gallery and Black Box Studio, Hong Kong. Source materials range from people in the artist's family photographs, to strangers in found photographs and antique photographs, to faces and bodies of people in historical images of war and disaster.

paragraph: Works presented in the exhibition "Last Year" (2015) "at" Gallery EXIT, Hong Kong represents an important development in Ma's drawing-interventions which she has been developed for the past 5 years. It is the first time Ma has taken current events as the subject. "I am trying to see how a present moment will very soon be a past moment and understand what this means...I'm always fascinated by the distance between the present and the past, as well as how history is archived and presented to us in the now," Ma talked about the works in an interview with the South China Morning Post. As the title suggests, the series includes 40 black and white mixed-media portraits based on images of protesters Ma taken with a smartphone during the Occupy protest in Hong Kong in 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Full list of Exhibitions.

paragraph: Section::::Full list of Exhibitions.:Solo Exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "As Time Folds", Art and Culture Outreach, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Last Year", Gallery EXIT, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Someone", Goethe-Gallery and Black Box Studio, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Numbers Standing Still", Gallery Exit, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Still Lifes and Waves, Artists in the Neighbourhood Scheme V", Hong Kong Film Archive and Commercial Press Book Shop, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gazes", Gallery Exit, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hardly Entered, Already Gone", YY9 Gallery, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deer Running", Gifu Municipal Culture Center, Gifu, Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Domestic Nature", Brandt Gallery, Cleveland, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Perhaps, Solitude", Loft 21, Fotanian Studio Open 2007, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nothing At All", The Art School Learning Centre Gallery, Hong Kong

paragraph: Section::::Full list of Exhibitions.:Group Exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Social Transformation", Pao Galleries, Hong Kong Arts Centre, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Collections of Tom, Debbie and Harry", JC Contemporary, Tai Kwun, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Crossing", Gallery EXIT, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What Has Been, Will Be Lost Until We Find It", Karin Weber Gallery, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ink Asia Art Fair 2017", The Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deep Silence – Hong Kong Art School Alumni Network Exhibition 2017", Pao Galleries, Hong Kong Arts Centre, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "(An)other-Half: Being a Wife/Mother and the Practices of the Self", Osage Gallery, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "ArtTravellers Exhibition Series I: Decoding Exotic Lands", Art Promotion Office, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Islands’ Narrative: Literature X Visual Art", 1a space, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "as the leaves fall,Grey and Green Ping Pong Collaboration Art Project", 1a space, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Art Basel HK 2016", The Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Recollections", Mur Nomade, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ceramic Show by Non-ceramic Artists", 1a space, Cattle Depot Artist Village, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Painting On and On 6: Gaze of Sins", Koo Ming Kown Gallery, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Resistance", Online Exhibition on Artshare

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Art Basel HK 2013", The Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hong Kong Contemporary Art Awards 2012", Hong Kong Museum of Art, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Painting On and On 4: Intertextuality", Lingnan University, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Transformation & 8th Anniversary Show", YY9 Gallery, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Running on the Sidelines – Hong Kong New Media Art Exhibition", Soka Art Center, Taipei, Taiwan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Chronicle of Disappearance", Gallery EXIT, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "樓住生活", Blue House, Wan Chai, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Post-Straight: Contemporary Hong Kong Photography", Hong Kong Heritage Museum, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Why Do Trees Grow Till the End?", Gallery EXIT - SOUTHSITE, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rediscover Photography, China Pingyao International Photography Festival 2011", Pingyao, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Exhibiting Experiments. Experimenting Exhibition"s, Wrong Place, JCCAC, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "City Flâneur: Social Documentary Photography", Hong Kong Heritage Museum, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Details", agnès b.’s LIBRAIRE GALERIE, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Memory Clothed Here – A Performance", Woofer Ten, Shanghai Street Art Space, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Intersection", Pao Gallery, Hong Kong Arts Centre, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Imaging Hong Kong", Hong Kong Central Library / Edge Gallery, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Women’s Work", Osage Gallery, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Art Container Project", West Kowloon Cultural District, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Preview of New West Kowloon Exhibition Venue", C&G Artpartment, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "October Contemporary 2007", 1a space, Cattle Depot Artist Village, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Separate Domain", Hui Gallery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "STABLE- the balance of power", Para/Site (part of Fotanian 2007 Open studios), Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Between the Observer and the Observed, Lianzhou International Photo Festival", Lianzhou, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Second Skin", 3 Boxes, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Media Art Show," Vasl International Artists’ Collective, Pakistan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2005 Hong Kong Art Biennial Exhibition", Hong Kong Museum of Art, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stained, the eclipsed pattern", Uma-g Gallery, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pre-Work", Hong Kong Arts Center, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Curiosities", Para/Site, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Re:wanchi, HKAIR International Artists’ Workshop", Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Britto International Artists’ Workshop", NikeraKori Center, Nungola, Bora, Bangladesh

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cattle - Can All the Tenants Laugh Efficiently", Artist Commune, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dream Garden", Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meat", 1a space, Cattle Depot Artists Village, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Articulation", University of Leeds, United Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wo-Man, Female Artists Installation", Old Ladies House, Macau

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Girls’ Thing", Fringe Club, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- "BAFA 2000 Exhibition", Faculty Gallery, RMIT, Melbourne, Australia

paragraph: Section::::International Artist Workshops / Artist-in-Residence.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Location One, New York City, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Headlands Center for the Arts, San Francisco, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Åland Archipelago Guest Artist Residence, Kökar, Åland

paragraph: BULLET::::- HIAP (Helsinki International Artist Program), Cable Factory, Helsinki, Finland

paragraph: BULLET::::- HKAIR (International Artists’ Workshop), Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- Britto International Artists’ Workshop, Nikera Kori Center, Nungola, Bora, Bangladesh

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hong Kong Contemporary Art Award, Young Artists Award, Hong Kong Museum of Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lee Hysan Foundation Fellowship, Asian Cultural Council

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hong Kong Arts Development Council – FCO Chevening University of Leeds Scholarship

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: "Ivy Ma: This Room Is Not Still | Selected Works, 2000-2012"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website: http://www.ivyma.net

paragraph: BULLET::::- Personal blog: http://perhapsolitude.blogspot.hk

wikidata_label: Ivy Ma

wikipedia_title: Ivy Ma


text: poet

text: man of letters

text: Charles Town, West Virginia

text: New England

text: Hagerstown, Maryland

text: Princeton University

text: Edmund Wilson

text: F. Scott Fitzgerald

text: Thomas Parke D'Invilliers

text: This Side of Paradise

text: Vanity Fair

text: New York City

text: Paramount Pictures

text: Orgeval

text: Seine et Oise

text: Paris

text: Connecticut

text: New Orleans

text: Cape Cod

text: Charles Town

text: Charles Town

text: The Nation

text: Library of Congress

text: Hyannis, Massachusetts

text: Edmund Wilson

text: Boris Artzybasheff

text: Allen Tate

categories: People from Yvelines,20th-century American poets,Princeton University alumni,20th-century American male writers,American expatriates in France,1944 deaths,20th-century American novelists,People from Charles Town, West Virginia,American male essayists,1892 births,Novelists from West Virginia,American male novelists,Poets from West Virginia,American male poets

paragraph: John Peale Bishop

paragraph: John Peale Bishop (May 21, 1892 – April 4, 1944) was an American poet and man of letters.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bishop was born in Charles Town, West Virginia, to a family from New England, and attended school in Hagerstown, Maryland and Mercersburg Academy. At 18, Bishop fell victim to a severe illness and temporarily lost his sight for some time. He entered Princeton University in 1913, at age 21, where he became friends with Edmund Wilson and F. Scott Fitzgerald. He graduated from Princeton in 1917 and served with the army for two years in Europe. He was the model for the character Thomas Parke D'Invilliers in Fitzgerald's first novel, "This Side of Paradise".

paragraph: Upon returning to the United States, he wrote poetry as well as essays and reviews for "Vanity Fair" in New York City. In 1922 he married Margaret Hutchins, and they soon moved to France, where they lived until 1933, punctuated by one stint for Paramount Pictures in New York (1925–26). While in France they bought the Château de Tressancourt at Orgeval, Seine et Oise, near Paris, where they raised three sons.

paragraph: In 1933 Bishop's family returned to the United States, residing first in Connecticut, then New Orleans, and finally in a house on Cape Cod. His novel "Act of Darkness", based on the true story of the rape of a prominent Charles Town social figure by a local Charles Town man, caused a scandal in the town when it was published.

paragraph: He became chief poetry reviewer for "The Nation" (1940). In 1941-2 he served as publications director in the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, and was then invited to be resident fellow at the Library of Congress. He died within a few months of his appointment, on April 4, 1944, in Hyannis, Massachusetts.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Green Fruit", poetry, 1917

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Undertaker’s Garland", with Edmund Wilson, decorations by Boris Artzybasheff, poetry, 1922

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Many Thousands Gone", short stories, 1931

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Now With His Love", poetry, 1933

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Act of Darkness", novel, 1935

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Minute Particulars", poetry, 1935

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Selected Poems", 1941

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Collected Essays of John Peale Bishop", posthumous, 1948

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Republic of Letters in America", posthumous collection of letters with Allen Tate, 1981

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spindler, Elizabeth Carroll. "John Peale Bishop: A Biography". Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University, 1980.

description: American writer

wikidata_label: John Peale Bishop

wikipedia_title: John Peale Bishop


text: Czech

text: conductor

text: violin

text: pedagogue

text: Kroměříž

text: Moravia

text: Klatovy

text: Otakar Ševčík

text: Prague Conservatory

text: concertmaster

text: Berlin Philharmonic

text: Arthur Nikisch

text: Tiflis

text: Slovenian Philharmonic

text: Plzeň

text: violist

text: Bohemian Quartet

text: Czech Philharmonic

text: Josef Suk

text: Scottish National Orchestra

text: Konsertföreningen Orchestra

text: National Theatre

text: Leoš Janáček

text: Czech Chamber Orchestra

text: Slovak Philharmonic

text: Bratislava

text: Antonín Dvořák

text: Bedřich Smetana

text: Leoš Janáček

text: Karel Ančerl

text: Jaroslav Krombholc

text: Charles Mackerras

text: Ladislav Slovák

text: Ivan Romanoff

text: Milan Munclinger

text: František Sláma (musician)

text: Archive

text: "Czech Philharmonic Conductors"

text: "Czech Philharmonic Instrumentalists"

text: "Czech Philharmonic in Documents"

text: Éric Baude: Václav Talich

text: Supraphon

categories: Czech people of German descent,Concertmasters,Male violinists,Prague Conservatory alumni,Czech classical musicians,20th-century conductors (music),Czech classical violists,1883 births,Czech conductors (music),Czech classical violinists,Recipients of the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk,People of the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra (formerly known as the Stockholm Concert Society),People from Kroměříž,1961 deaths

paragraph: Václav Talich

paragraph: Václav Talich (; 28 May 1883 – 16 March 1961) was a Czech conductor, violinist and pedagogue.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Kroměříž, Moravia, he started his musical career in a student orchestra in Klatovy. From 1897 to 1903 he studied violin with Otakar Ševčík at the Prague Conservatory, and later became the concertmaster of the Berlin Philharmonic for the 1903–04 season; he was so fascinated by the chief conductor Arthur Nikisch that he decided to become a conductor, studying conducting with Nikisch in Leipzig. He first conducted in Tiflis in 1906, and his first conducting post was in Ljubljana with the Slovenian Philharmonic. He then went to Plzeň, where he conducted opera from 1912 to 1915. From 1915 to 1918 he was the violist of the Bohemian Quartet (later called Czech Quartet).

paragraph: Talich's career with the Czech Philharmonic began on 30 October 1918 when he conducted the premiere of the symphonic poem "Zrání" (Ripening) by Josef Suk. From 1919 to 1941 he was the orchestra's chief conductor, raising its prestige to world levels, touring widely with it, and recording Czech music for EMI. Concurrently he was chief conductor of the Scottish National Orchestra in the 1926–27 season, and of the Konsertföreningen Orchestra in Stockholm from 1926 to 1936. In 1935 he was appointed chief opera administrator at the National Theatre in Prague, where he promoted works by Leoš Janáček, some of whose works he premiered. In 1944, he was dismissed from that post and the National Theater was closed by the Nazi regime.

paragraph: After the war, Talich was arrested by communists and accused of collaboration with the Germans. The accusations were refuted and he resumed his career in 1946, establishing the Czech Chamber Orchestra, with students of the Prague Conservatory. When in 1948 the orchestra was ordered by the regime to choose a different conductor or disband, it chose to disband. Talich then founded the Slovak Philharmonic in Bratislava, conducting it until 1952. He was also allowed to resume his association with the Czech Philharmonic, giving his last public performance with it in November 1954, though he made recordings and broadcasts with it until 1956. In 1957 he became a National Artist, the highest distinction in Czechoslovakia.

paragraph: Particularly noted for his interpretations of Czech composers such as Antonín Dvořák, Bedřich Smetana and Josef Suk, Talich also did much to bring the operas of Leoš Janáček into the standard repertoire. Talich also taught a good deal, with Karel Ančerl, Jaroslav Krombholc, Charles Mackerras, Ladislav Slovák, Ivan Romanoff, and Milan Munclinger among his pupils.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- František Sláma (musician) Archive: Václav Talich in Documents and Reminiscences.

paragraph: Sections "Czech Philharmonic Conductors", Part 1-3, "Czech Philharmonic Instrumentalists": Václav Talich generation in the orchestra, "Czech Philharmonic in Documents", "Václav Talich's Czech Chamber Orchestra", its history in documents, images and eyewitness accounts

paragraph: BULLET::::- Éric Baude: Václav Talich

paragraph: BULLET::::- Supraphon Václav Talich Recordings. CD Special Edition. Supraphon 2005. SU 3825-2

paragraph: BULLET::::- . - More about this recording with the Czech Philharmonic

description: Czech conductor, violinist, music educator, professor, university educator and director conductor of Czech philharmony

wikidata_label: Václav Talich

wikipedia_title: Václav Talich


text: salon

text: Paris

text: Enlightenment

text: Lyon

text: Paris

text: Jean le Rond d'Alembert

text: Encyclopédie

text: D'Alembert's Dream

text: Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve

text: Héloïse

text: Letters of a Portuguese Nun

text: Abbé Prévost

text: Jean-Jacques Rousseau

text: Madame de Stael

text: tuberculosis

text: Paris

text: Bordeaux

text: Eugène Asse

text: Laurence Sterne

text: Mary Augusta Ward

text: Lady Rose's Daughter

text: Naomi Royde-Smith

categories: French salon-holders,18th-century French writers,People from Lyon,Women letter writers,1776 deaths,1732 births,French letter writers

paragraph: Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse

paragraph: Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse (9 November 1732 – 23 May 1776) was a French salon holder and letter writer. She held a prominent salon in Paris during the Enlightenment. She is best-known today, however, for her letters, first published in 1809, which offer compelling accounts of two tragic love affairs.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Julie-Jeanne-Éléonore de Lespinasse was born in Lyon, the illegitimate daughter of Julie-Claude-Hilaire d’Albon, who was the sole heir of an old family. Her mother, who was married to the Comte d'Albon, separated from her husband at the time of her birth, and the baby was baptized as the daughter of two fictitious persons, 'Claude Lespinasse' and his wife 'Julie Navarre'. The mystery of who her father really was did not get cleared up until her first careful biographer, the Marquis de Ségur, established that she was the daughter of Gaspard de Vichy-Chamrond, whose sister, Marie Anne de Vichy-Chamrond, marquise du Deffand, ran a famous Paris salon.

paragraph: Looked down on for her poverty and illegitimate birth, Mlle de Lespinasse had an unhappy childhood marked by neglect. She acquired a basic education at a convent, but she was largely self-educated, an impressive feat given that she was later able to hold her own among France's top intellectuals. In 1754, Madame du Deffand, who recognized her niece's extraordinary gifts, persuaded her to come to Paris as her companion.

paragraph: Section::::The salons.

paragraph: Julie moved into Mme du Deffand's apartments in the Convent of St. Joseph, where Mme du Deffand's salon attracted diplomats, aristocrats, philosophers, and politicians. The relationship lasted ten years until 1764, when Mme du Deffand became jealous of the younger woman's increasing influence with the younger generation of salon attendees and a quarrel resulted.

paragraph: Mlle de Lespinasse then set up a salon of her own that attracted many of the same people who had attended Mme du Deffand's salon. The mathematician and writer Jean le Rond d'Alembert became a close friend, joined her new salon, and eventually came to live in her house, although they were not romantically involved. This arrangement lent further influence to Mlle de Lespinasse's salon, which became a center for writers of the "Encyclopédie". Diderot, for example, made her a protagonist of his controversial philosophical dialogues entitled "D'Alembert's Dream". Although she had neither wealth nor rank and was not an outstanding beauty, Mlle de Lespinasse had intellect, charm, and ability as a hostess, qualities that made her salon gatherings the most popular in Paris. Her continuing notability is due less to her social success, however, than to a literary talent that remained a secret during her lifetime, even from her closest friends.

paragraph: Section::::Letters.

paragraph: Two volumes of Mlle de Lespinasse's letters, first published in 1809, displayed her as a writer of rare intensity. The literary critic Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve ranks her letters with those by Héloïse and with the "Letters of a Portuguese Nun" (the latter now believed to be epistolary fiction rather than real letters). Other writers, focusing on her theme of passionate love rather than on genre, place her work alongside that of novelists such as Abbé Prévost and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

paragraph: Mlle de Lespinasse's letters center on her great and thwarted love for two men: Don José y Gonzaga, Marquis de Mora, who was the son of the Spanish ambassador in Paris, and Jacques-Antoine-Hippolyte, Comte de Guibert, a French general and writer. Less dispassionately philosophical than those by such later eighteenth century letter writers as Madame de Stael, they offer a portrait of someone who saw herself as a tragic heroine sacrificing all for love.

paragraph: Section::::Letters.:Letters to the Marquis de Mora.

paragraph: Mlle de Lespinasse first met the Marquis de Mora about two years after establishing her own salon. Encountering him again two years later, she fell in love with him, and he fully returned her feelings. He began to suffer symptoms of tuberculosis, however, and returned to Spain for his health. Mlle de Lespinasse's letters reveal the pain she experienced from the separation and her anxiety over Mora's poor health. On the way back to Paris in 1774 to fulfill promises exchanged with Mlle de Lespinasse, the marquis died at Bordeaux at the age of 30.

paragraph: Section::::Letters.:Letters to the Comte de Guibert.

paragraph: Soon after the Marquis de Mora returned to Spain, Mlle de Lespinasse became acquainted with the man who would become the main passion of her life, the Comte de Guibert, then a colonel. Her letters to Guibert began in 1773 and soon record her as torn between her affection for Mora and her new infatuation. Later letters describe her partial disenchantment occasioned by Guibert's marriage to another woman in 1775 and her increasing despair.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: By early 1776, Mlle de Lespinasse was in a state of mental and physical collapse, apparently caused by the misery of her relationship with Guibert. She had earlier shown depressive tendencies and a consequent dependence on opium may have aggravated her breakdown. On her deathbed, she refused to receive Guibert and instead, was watched over by her friend d'Alembert. She died on 22 May 1776 in Paris at the age of 43, possibly of tuberculosis. Her last words are said to have been "Am I still alive?"

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Following the first publication of Mlle de Lespinasse's "Letters" in 1809, a spurious additional collection appeared in 1820. Some later editions included a portrait of her written by her friend d'Alembert. Modern editions include that of Eugène Asse (1876–77). An 1887 collection edited M. Charles Henry, "Lettres inédités de Mademoiselle de Lespinasse à Condorcet, à D'Alembert, à Guibert, au comte de Crillon", contains copies of the documents available for her biography.

paragraph: In addition to the "Letters", she was the author of two unpublished chapters intended as a kind of sequel to Laurence Sterne's "Sentimental Journey".

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Julie Le Breton, a protagonist in Mary Augusta Ward's novel "Lady Rose's Daughter" is said to owe something to the character of Mlle de Lespinasse.

paragraph: The novelist Naomi Royde-Smith wrote a well-received biography, "The Double Heart: A Study of Julie de Lespinasse" (1931).

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Strachey, Lytton. "Biographical Essays".

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royde-Smith, Naomi. "The Double Heart: A Study of Julie de Lespinasse". 1931.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Segur, Marquis de (Pierre Marie Maurice Henri, comte de Segur). "Julie de Lespinasse By the Marquis de Segur". Translated from the French by P. H. Lee Warner. Henry Holt & Co., New York, 1907.

alias:
Jeanne Julie Eleonore de Lespinasse
Julie de L'Espinasse

description: French Salon-holder

wikidata_label: Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse

wikipedia_title: Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse


text: Portuguese

text: nun

text: Poor Clares

text: Beja, Portugal

text: Portuguese

text: Letters of a Portuguese Nun

text: Noël Bouton

text: Marshal of France

text: Myriam Cyr

text: Letters of a Portuguese Nun

text: Beja

text: Alentejo

text: Cortiços

text: Macedo de Cavaleiros

text: Portuguese Revolution of 1640

text: Knight

text: Order of Christ

text: Noël Bouton

text: marshal of France

text: Alentejo

text: Katherine Vaz

text: description

text: Genealogy of Sóror Marianna Alcoforado

text: Madeleine L'Engle

categories: Poor Clares,Portuguese Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns,17th-century Portuguese writers,17th-century Portuguese women writers,17th-century writers,18th-century Portuguese women writers,1640 births,1723 deaths,People from Beja, Portugal,18th-century writers

paragraph: Mariana Alcoforado

paragraph: Sóror Mariana Alcoforado (Santa Maria da Feira, Beja, 22 April 1640Beja, 28 July 1723) was a Portuguese nun living in the convent of the Poor Clares (Convento de Nossa Senhora da Conceição, "Convent of Our Lady of the Conception") in Beja, Portugal.

paragraph: Debate continues as to whether Mariana was the real Portuguese author of the "Letters of a Portuguese Nun" (comprising five letters). Her purported love affair with the French officer Noël Bouton, Marquis de Chamilly and later Marshal of France, has made Beja famous in literary circles, mainly in Portugal and France.

paragraph: Some literary scholars consider the letters a fictional work and their authorship is ascribed to Gabriel-Joseph de Lavergne, comte de Guilleragues (1628–1684), although a real nun named Mariana Alcoforado indeed existed. In her recent book "Letters of a Portuguese Nun: Uncovering the Mystery Behind a Seventeenth-Century Forbidden Love" (2006), the author Myriam Cyr has attempted to reassert the attribution of the letters to the real Mariana Alcoforado.

paragraph: "For information about authorship and publication of the letters, see "Letters of a Portuguese Nun"."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mariana Alcoforado was born in Beja, daughter of landed proprietor of Alentejo Francisco da Cunha Alcoforado, born at Cortiços, Macedo de Cavaleiros, and first wife Leonor Mendes. She had three brothers: Baltasar Vaz Alcoforado, Miguel da Cunha Alcoforado and Francisco da Cunha Alcoforado, and two sisters: Anna Maria da Cunha Alcoforado, wife of Rui de Mello Lobo Freire, and Maria Peregrina Alcoforado. Beja was the chief garrison town of the province and the principal theatre of the twenty-eight years' war with Spain that followed the Portuguese Revolution of 1640. Mariana's widowed father, occupied with administrative and military commissions, placed her in the wealthy convent of the Conception for security and education. He later remarried and had two more daughters, Maria da Conceição Alcoforado and Catarina Alcoforado, and was also made a Knight of the Order of Christ on December 15, 1647.

paragraph: She made her religious profession as a Franciscan nun of the Poor Ladies at sixteen or earlier, without any real vocation, and lived a routine life in that somewhat relaxed house until her twenty-fifth year, when she purportedly met the young French nobleman Noël Bouton. This man, afterwards known as marquis of Chamilly, and marshal of France, was one of the French officers who came to Portugal to serve under the captain, Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg, the re-organizer of the Portuguese army, campaigning against the Spanish army in the Alentejo.

paragraph: During the years 1665-1667, the marquis of Chamilly spent much of his time in and about Beja, and probably became acquainted with the Alcoforado family through Sóror Mariana's brother, who was a soldier. Custom permitted those in religious orders to receive and entertain visitors, and Chamilly found it easy to get round the trustful nun. Before long their affair became known and caused a scandal, and to avoid the consequences Chamilly deserted Soror Mariana and returned to France. This resulted in Soror Mariana writing the letters.

paragraph: There are signs in the fifth letter that Soror Mariana had begun to conquer her passion. After a life of rigid penance, accompanied by much suffering, she died, aged 83. Soror Mariana's life story has also been described in the novel by Katherine Vaz, "Mariana", published by Aliform Publishing in 2005.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cyr Myriam - "Letters of a Portuguese Nun: Uncovering the Mystery Behind a Seventeenth-Century Forbidden Love"; Hyperion Books; January 2006; (description)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogy of Sóror Marianna Alcoforado

paragraph: Section::::References.:Fiction.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", by Maria Isabel Barreno, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa, translated by Helen R. Lane, 1973 Doubleday; "Novas Cartas Portuguesas" original title; .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Love Letters", a novel by Madeleine L'Engle, 1966 Farrar, Straus and Giroux, .

description: nun

wikidata_label: Mariana Alcoforado

wikipedia_title: Mariana Alcoforado