text: Conservative

text: hereditary peer

text: Defence Secretary

text: Foreign Secretary

text: General Electric Company

text: Secretary General of NATO

text: 1951–55 government

text: Winston Churchill

text: Eden government

text: Macmillan government

text: Alec Douglas-Home

text: Edward Heath

text: House of Lords Act 1999

text: House of Lords

text: life peer

text: Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands

text: Foreign Office

text: NATO

text: 1987 Aegean crisis

text: Robert Carrington, 2nd Baron Carrington

text: Robert Smith

text: Baron Carrington

text: Chelsea

text: 5th Baron Carrington

text: the Hon.

text: Charles Colville, 2nd Viscount Colville of Culross

text: Liberal

text: Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire

text: Sir William Carington

text: independent school

text: Sandroyd School

text: Cobham, Surrey

text: Reed's School

text: Eton College

text: Royal Military College, Sandhurst

text: Grenadier Guards

text: second lieutenant

text: Second World War

text: lieutenant

text: captain

text: major

text: Military Cross

text: his father

text: House of Lords

text: Winston Churchill

text: Anthony Eden

text: Parliamentary Secretary

text: Minister of Agriculture and Food

text: Crichel Down affair

text: Minister of Defence

text: High Commissioner to Australia

text: Deputy Lieutenant

text: Buckinghamshire

text: Privy Counsellor

text: Harold Macmillan

text: First Lord of the Admiralty

text: Minister without Portfolio

text: Leader of the House of Lords

text: Alec Douglas-Home

text: Conservative

text: Leader of the Opposition

text: House of Lords

text: Edward Heath

text: Defence Secretary

text: Harold Wilson

text: Irish republican

text: Operation "Demetrius"

text: Merlyn Rees

text: Brian Faulkner

text: Enoch Powell

text: Rivers of Blood speech

text: Chairman of the Conservative Party

text: Secretary of State for Energy

text: Foreign Secretary

text: Minister for Overseas Development

text: Cabinet

text: Margaret Thatcher

text: Lancaster House conference

text: Ian Smith

text: Abel Muzorewa

text: Robert Mugabe

text: Joshua Nkomo

text: Josiah Tongogara

text: Rhodesia

text: Bush War

text: invaded

text: Falkland Islands

text: Foreign and Commonwealth Office

text: House of Lords

text: Great Offices of State

text: Secretary General of NATO

text: Order of St Michael and St George

text: breakup of Yugoslavia

text: University of Reading

text: Christie's

text: Barclays Bank

text: Schweppes

text: Daily Telegraph

text: Bilderberg conference

text: Étienne Davignon

text: Pilgrims Society

text: Britain–Australia Society

text: Chancellor of the Order of the Garter

text: House of Lords Act 1999

text: House of Lords

text: life peerage

text: Lord Barber of Tewkesbury

text: Privy Council

text: Duke of Edinburgh

text: Francis Kennedy McClean

text: Henry Cubitt, 4th Baron Ashcombe

text: Rupert Francis John Carington, 7th Baron Carrington

text: BBC Radio 4

text: Desert Island Discs

text: A Good Read

text: Rowan Atkinson

text: Not the Nine O'Clock News

text: Question Time

text: nuclear holocaust

text: James Fox

text: BBC

text: Ian Curteis

text: The Falklands Play

text: James Smith

text: The Iron Lady

text: Jeff Rawle

text: Handbagged

text: Excellency

text: Military Cross

text: Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council

text: Companion of the Order of the Companions of Honour

text: Life peer

text: Presidential Medal of Freedom

text: Freedom of the City of London

text: University of Cambridge

text: LL.D

text: University of Essex

text: DUniv

text: University of Reading

text: DLitt

text: Harvard University

text: LLD

text: University of Nottingham

text: LLD

text: University of Newcastle upon Tyne

text: DCL

text: University of Oxford

text: DCL

text: Thatcher's First Cabinet

text: Imperial War Museum Interview

text: NATO Declassified – Lord Carrington (biography)

text: Lord Carrington obituary | Politics | The Guardian

categories: Deputy Lieutenants of Buckinghamshire,Operation Overlord people,Chancellors of the Order of the Garter,1919 births,Chancellors of the University of Reading,Secretaries of State for Defence (UK),People educated at Eton College,Conservative Party (UK) hereditary peers,Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst,Chairmen of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group,Smith and Carington family,Diplomatic peers,High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Australia,Grenadier Guards officers,Chairmen of the Conservative Party (UK),People from Buckinghamshire,Conservative Party (UK) life peers,British Army personnel of World War II,People educated at Sandroyd School,Members of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group,British Secretaries of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs,British people of the Falklands War,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,First Lords of the Admiralty,Leaders of the House of Lords,2018 deaths,Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients,Secretaries General of NATO

paragraph: Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington

paragraph: Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, (6 June 1919 – 9 July 2018) was a British Conservative politician and hereditary peer who served as Defence Secretary from 1970 to 1974, Foreign Secretary from 1979 to 1982, chairman of British General Electric Company from 1983 to 1984, and Secretary General of NATO from 1984 to 1988. Before his death in 2018, he was the last surviving member of the 1951–55 government of Winston Churchill, the Eden government, and the Macmillan government, as well as of the cabinets of Alec Douglas-Home and Edward Heath. Following the House of Lords Act 1999, which removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, Carrington was created a life peer as Baron Carington of Upton.

paragraph: Carrington had been Foreign Secretary in 1982 when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands. He took full responsibility for the failure of the Foreign Office to foresee this and resigned. As NATO Secretary General, he helped prevent a war between Greece and Turkey during the 1987 Aegean crisis.

paragraph: Section::::Background and early life.

paragraph: The surname "Carrington" (with two r's) was adopted by royal licence dated 1839 by his direct male ancestor Robert Carrington, 2nd Baron Carrington, in lieu of Smith. The latter's father, Robert Smith, MP for Nottingham, was created Baron Carrington in 1796 (Peerage of Ireland) and 1797 (Peerage of Great Britain). The spelling of the surname was changed by royal licence to "Carington" (with one r) in 1880 by the 2nd Baron's sons, but the spelling of the title did not change.

paragraph: Born in Chelsea on 6 June 1919, Peter Carington was the only son of the 5th Baron Carrington by his wife, the Hon. Sybil Marion Colville, a daughter of Charles Colville, 2nd Viscount Colville of Culross. He was a great-nephew of the Liberal statesman Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire, and also of politician and courtier the Hon. Sir William Carington. Brought up as a small child at the Millaton House in Devon, he was educated at two independent schools: Sandroyd School from 1928 to 1932, based at the time in the town of Cobham, Surrey (now the site of Reed's School), and Eton College.

paragraph: Section::::Military service.

paragraph: Having trained at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Carrington was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards as a second lieutenant on 26 January 1939. He served with the regiment during the Second World War. He was promoted to lieutenant on 1 January 1941, and later rose to the rank of temporary captain and acting major. He was awarded the Military Cross (MC) on 1 March 1945 "in recognition of gallant and distinguished services in North West Europe". After the war, Carrington remained in the army until 1949.

paragraph: Section::::Political career 1946–1982.

paragraph: In 1938, Carrington succeeded his father as 6th Baron Carrington. Although he became eligible to take his seat in the House of Lords on his 21st birthday in 1940, he was on active service at the time, and did not do so until 9 October 1945. After leaving the Army, he became involved in politics and served in the Conservative governments of Winston Churchill and Anthony Eden as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Agriculture and Food from November 1951 to October 1954. During the Crichel Down affair, which led to the resignation of Minister Thomas Dugdale, Carrington tendered his resignation, which was refused by the Prime Minister. Carrington then became Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Defence from October 1954 to October 1956. The latter year he was appointed High Commissioner to Australia, a post he held until October 1959. He was also appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire on 2 July 1951. He became a Privy Counsellor in 1959.

paragraph: After his return to Britain he served under Harold Macmillan as First Lord of the Admiralty until October 1963, and was then Minister without Portfolio and Leader of the House of Lords under Alec Douglas-Home until October 1964, when the Conservatives fell from power. From 1964 to 1970 he was Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords. When the Conservatives returned to power in 1970 under Edward Heath, Carrington became Defence Secretary, where he remained until 1974 when the Conservatives were voted out in favour of Harold Wilson's Labour. In a 1977 letter discussing the policy of torture of Irish republican internees during Operation "Demetrius" in August 1971, the then Home Secretary Merlyn Rees attributed the origins of the policy in particular to Carrington: '"It is my view (confirmed by Brian Faulkner before his death [NI's prime minister at the time]) that the decision to use methods of torture in Northern Ireland in 1971/72 was taken by ministers – in particular Lord Carrington, then secretary of state for defence."

paragraph: Carrington had become Shadow Defence Secretary in 1968 after Enoch Powell was dismissed from the position following his controversial Rivers of Blood speech on immigration. He also served as Chairman of the Conservative Party from 1972 to 1974, and was briefly Secretary of State for Energy from January to March 1974.

paragraph: Carrington was again Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords from 1974 to 1979. In 1979 he was made Foreign Secretary and Minister for Overseas Development as part of the first Cabinet of Margaret Thatcher. Thatcher spoke very highly of Carrington, stating that "Peter had great panache and the ability to identify immediately the main points in any argument; and he could express himself in pungent terms. We had disagreements, but there were never any hard feelings."

paragraph: Carrington chaired the Lancaster House conference in 1979, attended by Ian Smith, Abel Muzorewa, Robert Mugabe, Joshua Nkomo, and Josiah Tongogara, which brought to an end Rhodesia's Bush War. He later expressed his support for Mugabe over Smith.

paragraph: Carrington was Foreign Secretary when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands on 2 April 1982. He resigned from the position on 5 April, taking full responsibility for the complacency of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in its failure to foresee this development and for the misleading signals sent by the Foreign Office on British intentions for retaining control over the Falklands. In her autobiography, Margaret Thatcher was later to express her sorrow at his departure.

paragraph: Since his resignation, no other member of the House of Lords has held any of the four Great Offices of State.

paragraph: Section::::Later life and death.

paragraph: Lord Carrington then served as Secretary General of NATO from 1984 to 1988. He was also appointed Chancellor of the Order of St Michael and St George on 1 August 1984, serving until June 1994.

paragraph: In 1991, he presided over diplomatic talks about the breakup of Yugoslavia and attempted to pass a plan that would end the wars and result in each republic becoming an independent nation.

paragraph: Apart from his political posts, he was the Chancellor of the University of Reading and served as chairman of several companies, including Christie's, and as a director of many others, including Barclays Bank, Schweppes and the "Daily Telegraph". He also chaired the Bilderberg conferences from 1990 to 1998, being succeeded in 1999 by Étienne Davignon. From 1983 to 2002, he was president of the Pilgrims Society, and from 1971 to 2018 the President of the Britain–Australia Society. He was appointed Chancellor of the Order of the Garter on 8 November 1994, a role from which he retired in October 2012.

paragraph: After the House of Lords Act 1999 removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, Carrington, along with all former Leaders of the House of Lords, was given a life peerage on 17 November 1999 as Baron Carington of Upton, of Upton in the County of Nottinghamshire. He was the longest-serving member of the House of Lords, and following the retirement of Lord Barber of Tewkesbury in 2016, had been the oldest. He was the second longest-serving member of the Privy Council after the Duke of Edinburgh. He died on 9 July 2018, aged 99, of natural causes.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lord Carrington married Iona McClean (19 March 1920 – 7 June 2009), daughter of Lt Col. Sir Francis Kennedy McClean , on 25 April 1942. They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hon. Alexandra Carington (Norfolk) (born 1943); married Maj. Peter de Bunsen in 1965, becoming The Hon. Mrs de Bunsen. They have three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victoria de Bunsen (born 1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Rupert de Bunsen (born 1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Peter de Bunsen (born 1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hon. Virginia Carington (born 1946); married Henry Cubitt, 4th Baron Ashcombe, in 1973, becoming Lady Ashcombe. The couple divorced in 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rupert Francis John Carington, 7th Baron Carrington (Buckinghamshire) (born 1948); married Daniela Diotallevi in 1989. They have three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Robert Carington (born 1990, heir apparent)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Francesca Carington (born 1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Isabella Iona Carington (born 1995)

paragraph: Lord Carrington's wife, Lady Carrington, died on 7 June 2009, aged 89.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Carrington was a guest on BBC Radio 4's long-running programme "Desert Island Discs" in 1975 and on the same station's "A Good Read" in 2004.

paragraph: In February 1982 Carrington was portrayed by Rowan Atkinson in a "Not the Nine O'Clock News" parody of "Question Time", pedantically discussing an imminent nuclear holocaust.

paragraph: Carrington was portrayed by James Fox in the 2002 BBC production of Ian Curteis's "The Falklands Play".

paragraph: He was also briefly portrayed by James Smith in the 2011 film "The Iron Lady", and by Jeff Rawle in the 2014 play "Handbagged".

paragraph: Section::::Titles, styles, honours, and arms.

paragraph: Section::::Titles, styles, honours, and arms.:Titles and styles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6 June 1919 – 11 November 1929: Mr. Peter Carington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 11 November 1929 – 19 November 1938: The Hon. Peter Carington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19 November 1938 – 1945: The Rt Hon. The Lord Carrington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945–1951: The Rt Hon. The Lord Carrington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951–1956: The Rt Hon. The Lord Carrington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956–1958: "His Excellency" The Rt Hon. The Lord Carrington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958–1959: "His Excellency" The Rt Hon. The Lord Carrington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959–1983: The Rt Hon. The Lord Carrington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983–1985: The Rt Hon. The Lord Carrington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985–1988: The Rt Hon. The Lord Carrington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988–2018: The Rt Hon. The Lord Carrington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945: Military Cross

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958: Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (KCMG)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959: Lord of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983: Companion of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (KG); Chancellor of the Order (1994–2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988: Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (GCMG); Chancellor of the Order (1984–1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: Life peerage, as Baron Carington of Upton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight Grand Cross of the Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Charles III

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988: Presidential Medal of Freedom

paragraph: BULLET::::- Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service

paragraph: BULLET::::- Freedom of the City of London

paragraph: Section::::Titles, styles, honours, and arms.:Honours.:Honorary degrees.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981: University of Cambridge (LL.D)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983: University of Essex (DUniv)

paragraph: BULLET::::- December 1989: University of Reading (DLitt)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986: Harvard University (LLD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: University of Nottingham (LLD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 14 December 1998: University of Newcastle upon Tyne (DCL)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 21 November 2003: University of Oxford (DCL)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reflect on Things Past – The Memoirs of Lord Carrington". Published by William Collins, 1988.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Announcement of his taking the oath under his new title at the House of Lords House of Lords minutes of proceedings, 17 November 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Carrington's views on the EU from the Daily Telegraph

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thatcher's First Cabinet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial War Museum Interview

paragraph: BULLET::::- NATO Declassified – Lord Carrington (biography)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Carrington obituary | Politics | The Guardian

alias: Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, 6th Baron Carrington

description: British Conservative politician

wikidata_label: Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington

wikipedia_title: Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington


text:
Yamana Sōzen
Ōnin War
Ashikaga Yoshimasa
a son
Ashikaga Yoshimi
Hosokawa Masamoto
Tōshōin
Akamatsu Masanori

paragraph: Hosokawa Katsumoto

paragraph: His conflicts with his father-in-law, Yamana Sōzen, who resented the power Hosokawa had as Kanrei, were among those that ignited the Ōnin War in 1467. When the Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimasa had a son in 1464, Yamana took this as an opportunity to oppose Hosokawa further, supporting the child as heir to the Shogunate. Hosokawa had always worked closely with the Shōgun's brother Ashikaga Yoshimi, and supported his claim to the shogunate.

paragraph: In 1467, open war broke out in the capital of Kyoto, between Hosokawa and Yamana, who each commanded roughly 80,000 men. The Shōgun declared that the first to make war in the capital would be branded a rebel, and so the two armies remained immobile for some time, but within a few months, the tensions had risen too far, and war simply could not be delayed any further. Hosokawa made the first obvious attack within the capital, attacking the mansion of a Yamana general by the name of Isshiki. Fighting erupted between the two camps, and over the course of the next few days, many were killed, and many buildings destroyed, either by the soldiers or by looters. Each army gradually carved out a section of the city that they held and defended against the other; Hosokawa's army came to be known as the Eastern Army, as Yamana's so-called "Western Army" controlled western sections of Kyoto. But not all the fighting took place within the city; Hosokawa sent men onto the main roads, and into Yamana's home provinces, to prevent his reinforcements from reaching the main battles.

paragraph: Though Hosokawa attacked first, he convinced the Shōgun to brand Yamana, not himself, with the stigma of being a rebel against the Shogunate. He even persuaded Yoshimasa to make him the general of the official Shogunal attacks on Yamana, but failed to grant him any tangible support. Some of Yamana's followers deserted, joining Hosokawa's morally superior side, but many more switched sides as a result of the work of Hosokawa's emissaries to the provinces where Yamana and his allies drew their armies.

paragraph: By New Year's of 1468, nearly a year after the war began, the fighting tapered off. For much of that year, the two forces engaged in glaring contests and limited sorties, both desiring to rebuild and to act only defensively. Both spent the next several years in political, not military, conflict, and in 1469, the Shōgun named his son Yoshihisa, his heir. But Hosokawa was weary of battle, and wished for peace. However, by 1473, both Hosokawa and Yamana were dead.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Hosokawa Mochiyuki (1400-1442)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: daughter of Kyogoku Takamitsu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife: Yamana Haruko

paragraph: BULLET::::- Children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hosokawa Masamoto by Haruko

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tōshōin married Akamatsu Masanori by Haruko

description: daimyo

wikidata_label: Hosokawa Katsumoto

wikipedia_title: Hosokawa Katsumoto


text:
Gradačac
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yugoslavia
Bosnian Croat
Austria
pop
singer
fifth season
Deutschland sucht den Superstar
Germany
Austria
Gradačac
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Vienna
Austria
Bosnian Croat
Popstars
ProSieben
Starmania
ORF
Deutschland sucht den Superstar
RTL
Deutschland sucht den Superstar
American Idol
Fady Maalouf
Thomas Godoj
Dieter Bohlen
YouTube
RTÉ
Candyman
Official YouTube channel
MySpace support community
Fan website

categories: Austrian female singers,Austrian people of Croatian descent,21st-century Austrian singers,Austrian people of Bosnia and Herzegovina descent,Bosnia and Herzegovina female singers,21st-century women singers,1989 births,Deutschland sucht den Superstar participants,Austrian pop singers,Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina,Austrian people of German descent,Living people,People from Gradačac

paragraph: Monice

paragraph: Monice (born Monika Ivkić; 6 June 1989, Gradačac, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia) is a Bosnian Croat-Austrian pop singer. She is best known for achieving fourth place in the fifth season of German casting show "Deutschland sucht den Superstar (DSDS)". Monice released her first album "I'm Gonna Make It" in 2009. After the end of "Deutschland sucht den Superstar", she had a specially published book released, that was sold in Germany and Austria.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Monika Ivkić was born in Gradačac, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and spent her early childhood in Bosnia and Herzegovina before moving to Vienna, Austria, as a young child with her parents. She has German and Bosnian Croatian ancestry. At the age of 17, she dropped out of school and decided to pursue a career as a singer. Monice currently lives in Vienna with her parents and three brothers.

paragraph: Section::::2005-2007: Career beginnings.

paragraph: At age 15, Monice participated in the German version of "Popstars", a casting show broadcast by the German TV station ProSieben. After getting disqualified because she did not meet the minimum age requirement, she was invited to resubmit her application for the following season, where she progressed through the auditions but failed to make it to the finals.

paragraph: A year later, she took part in the fifth season of "Starmania", a casting show broadcast by the Austrian TV station ORF. Her popularity soared when, in the following year, she qualified for the fifth season of "Deutschland sucht den Superstar" (DSDS), which is broadcast by RTL, and finished in fourth place.

paragraph: Section::::2008: "Deutschland sucht den Superstar".

paragraph: Monice participated in the fifth season of "Deutschland sucht den Superstar" "(DSDS)", the German version of the US talent-search program "American Idol". She made it to the quarter-finals, but was then retired through telephone voting and therefore finished in fourth place.

paragraph: At the show's finale, which pitted Fady Maalouf against eventual winner Thomas Godoj, Monice returned to perform live, both alone and with other contestants. She is also included with the others on the album produced by Dieter Bohlen, "Fly Alone". She sings on the title track "Fly Alone" as well as on "All For One" with all the other ten candidates. She also appears singing duets with other finalists on three songs. The album entered the Top Ten of the German album charts.

paragraph: Section::::2008-2009: "I'm Gonna Make It".

paragraph: Following "Deutschland sucht den Superstar", Monice did not sign a contract with a record label, citing a desire to express herself musically without being bound by the commercial constraints of her home market. Instead, she recorded a few songs and released them on her official YouTube channel. Later in 2008 she came out with the album "I'm Gonna Make It", available for sale only through the Internet. Some of the songs were performed on Bosnian and Austrian TV but none of them garnered a following. The songs "I'm Gonna Make It" and "Only the Good Die Young" were also offered as remixes.

paragraph: The album "I'm Gonna Make It" was not the hoped-for success. Because of low sales Monice first took a break and was still only looking at small events. End of 2008, it has the song "We'll Be Together (Christmas carol)" and was brought out in some of Austria's to watch TV shows. Monice began changing her image at the end of 2008, attempting a shift from ballad singer to pop star, and looking to draw attention by dyeing her hair black and losing some weight.

paragraph: Section::::2010: Irish Eurovision Song Contest, new studio album.

paragraph: On February 10, 2010, RTÉ announced that Monice would participate in the Irish national finals for the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 with a song called "Fashion Queen", where she later finished in third place. The song was released a few weeks later, and reached number 86 in the Irish charts. With "Fashion Queen" she wanted to take off again in Germany and Austria, as well as internationally.

paragraph: "Fashion Queen" received mild controversy on several chat forums and radio stations, as it was claimed to have sounded very similar to Christina Aguilera's song, "Candyman". The song "Fashion Queen" is nevertheless the most successful single of Monice. The accompanying video is also in rotation. Monice is currently working on her first official album. The album is expected in summer 2010 and will also include older songs.

paragraph: Section::::Book.

paragraph: In February 2009, Monice published a book called "Lasst euch vom Bohlen nicht verkohlen – Tipps und Tricks für Superstars (und alle, die es werden wollen)" (a rough English translation: "Don't let Bohlen Carbonize You: Tips and Tricks for Superstars (and Anybody Who Wants to Become One)"). She describes how one behaves in casting shows and tricks and tips for people who want to apply there. Ivkic also describes her own impressions of the casting. She writes how one behaves when one casting and how life up to date. But their casting-life she describes in detail. The book, published in German only, was generally quite successful, above all in Austria.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Other songs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I'm Gonna Make It" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Together We'll Be" (Christmas carol) (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Boiz" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fashionista" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Only the Good Die Young" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "True" (2009)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Remixes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I'm Gonna Make It" (club mix) (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Only the Good Die Young" (club mix) (2009)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official YouTube channel

paragraph: BULLET::::- MySpace support community

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fan website

description: German singer

wikidata_label: Monice

wikipedia_title: Monice


text: Jew

text: urban planner

text: modernism

text: Breslau

text: Wroclaw

text: Silesia

text: Kunstgewerbeschule

text: Berlin

text: World War I

text: Erich Mendelsohn

text: Bauhaus

text: Walter Gropius

text: Ernst May

text: Der Ring

text: Nazi

text: Yugoslavia

text: Oxford School of Architecture

text: Architectural Association

text: Second World War

text: Isokon

text: Austria

text: New Objectivity

text: Raymond McGrath

text: Mies Van der Rohe

text: Dessau

text: Weissenhofsiedlung

text: Maxwell Fry

text: Felix Samuely

text: Milyutin

text: Le Corbusier

text: Unite d'Habitation

text: Dennis Sharp

text: Isle of Man

text: West Berlin

text: Burg bei Magdeburg

text: Berlin-Zehlendorf

text: Julius Fromm

text: New York Times

text: Oxford Art Online

categories: Silesian Jews,People from London,Bauhaus,20th-century German architects,Jewish architects,German Jews,People from Wrocław,German expatriates in Austria,German expatriates in England,1891 births,Modernist architects from Germany,German urban planners,German military personnel of World War I,1978 deaths

paragraph: Arthur Korn (architect)

paragraph: Arthur Korn (4 June 1891 – 14 November 1978) was a German Jewish architect and urban planner who was a proponent of modernism in Germany and the UK.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Born in Breslau (now Wroclaw) in Silesia in 1891. Between 1909 and 1911 he studied at the Königliche Kunst- und Kunstgewerbeschule (Royal Art and Crafts School) in Berlin. After World War I he worked briefly at the office of expressionist architect Erich Mendelsohn. In the 1920s he was active in the modernist architectural movement in Berlin, and associated with Bauhaus architects such as Walter Gropius and Ernst May. He was a member of Der Ring Berlin architectural collective. He published his influential work "Glas. Im Bau und als Gebrauchsgegenstand" (published in English as "Glass in Modern Architecture") in 1929. After the Nazi rise to power he was forbidden to practice as an architect in Germany on account of being Jewish. He moved first to Yugoslavia, then, in 1938, to London. There he joined the Modern Architectural Research (MARS) Group where, as chair of the town planning subcommittee, he was involved in drawing up the modernist MARS plan for post war London published in 1942. Between 1941 and 1945 he taught architecture and planning at the Oxford School of Architecture, then in London from 1945, not only at the Architectural Association, where his teaching contribution became widely known, but also at the Hammersmith College of Art and Building, for whose School of Architecture he is credited as being one of the major influences in its re-emergence after the Second World War. He was for many years a resident in the Isokon flats in Lawn Road, London, and retired in 1965 before moving to Austria in 1969.

paragraph: Section::::Glass in Modern Architecture.

paragraph: Influenced by the principles of the "Die Neue Sachlichkeit" (New Objectivity), "Glass in Modern Architecture", published in 1929, has been described by Raymond McGrath as a 'prophetic book'. As well as visually presenting possibilities of glass, for instance, in the exterior walls of buildings, for the first time, it presents a pictorial history of the new architecture of the 1920s, including the early work of Mies Van der Rohe, the Bauhaus at Dessau and the Weissenhofsiedlung in Stuttgart.

paragraph: The written part of the book is limited, consisting of an introduction and some writing on material and techniques, omitted from later editions. Something of Korn's enthusiasm for the new architectural possibilities of the material is conveyed. Glass, he claims "ist da, und es ist nicht da", it is 'noticeable yet not quite visible ...the great membrane, full of mystery, delicate yet tough'.

paragraph: Section::::The MARS Plan for London.

paragraph: Influenced by the pan European CIAM (Congres Internationeaux d'Architecture Moderne), the MARS (Modern Architectural Research) Group were interested in applying the ideas of the modernist movement in Britain, most notably in a post war plan for London. As chair of the plan's governing committee at MARS, Arthur Korn worked with what was described as a 'small and devoted' group including architects Arthur Ling and Maxwell Fry, the latter who worked as secretary, and fellow Jewish emigre, engineer Felix Samuely. Korn is described as having been 'the main spring of the enterprise' and as providing an 'infectious enthusiasm' that drove the project forward. Influenced by the Soviet urbanist Milyutin, the plan essentially conceived the centre of the city remaining much the same but with a series of linear forms or tongues extending from the Thames, described as like a herring bone, composed of social units and based around the rail network. Habitation in each social unit was to consist mainly of flats and owed much to Le Corbusier's notion of the "Unite d'Habitation". Described as 'unworkable' by Dennis Sharp, in his 1971 essay on the plan, he concedes it 'was not a concrete scheme but a concept that would by its very nature produce interpretations'. Marmaras and Sutcliffe argue the plan 'saw London almost entirely in terms of movement ...[being] presented primarily as a centre of exchange and communications'. Moughtin and Shirley (1995) note that one of the aims of the plan was to promote public transport, where with railways integral to planning, the 'need for cars will be few'. Korn's initial chairmanship of the plan was interrupted by his 18-month internship in the Isle of Man from 1939, on account of his German citizenship and perceived Communist sympathies, the period during which work on the plan fissled out. On his release, in 1941, work recommenced, an exhibition of the plan was organised and a 'description and analysis' was published under the joint authorship of Arthur Korn and Felix Samuely in the Architectural Association journal in 1942.

paragraph: Section::::Teaching years at the Architectural Association.

paragraph: Arthur Korn taught at the Architectural Association in London, from 1945, for over 20 years. A year after his retirement, a collection of essays was published, edited by Dennis Sharp, to mark his time spent there. Sharp's preface referred to Korn's 'quiet achievement in influencing generations of architects and planners', through his work and his teaching. Edward Carter's introduction writes of Korn as teacher, who, at this best, gave the impression of 'a great performance', and describes how:

paragraph: Influenced by the unitary aesthetic of the Bauhaus, Arthur Korn was described as someone whose vision of architecture spanned the 'whole range of scales from town to teaspoon'. In his teaching, as in his work in England, he was concerned with the relationship between architecture and planning, how, through these forms, we can express the 'uniqueness of modern life' and overcome the problems it presents.

paragraph: Whilst contributing to a retrospective analysis of the MARS plan for London, in 1971, Korn describes architecture as something in which:

paragraph: Whilst praised for his passion and willingness to accept 'paper plans' and 'Utopian projects', he could sometimes be uncompromising and frank. On a visit to a newly built block of flats in Portsmouth, he is known to have exclaimed to those present, many of whom were ex-students of his:

paragraph: 'You have built these chicken-coops, these rabbit hutches! You?'.

paragraph: Section::::Buildings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1922–1924: Large house for Jeanette Goldstein, later "House of German gymnasia", West Berlin, Arysallee / Sensburger Avenue, demolished (damaged in World War II, demolished 1957).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923: Kruger residence in Berlin-Westend.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924: Benda residence in Berlin-Westend.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924: Factory Building the "Hermann Guiard & Co. shoe factory" in Burg bei Magdeburg, Blumenthaler highway.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924: Residence for Dr. Krojanker in Burg, near Magdeburg.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924: Goldstein House, Berlin-Westend, (with Siegfried Weitzmann).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924: House for Fritz Wasservogel in Berlin-Westend, Länderallee / Bayernallee (Demolished in 1970).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925: Optician Shop of the company "Fromm & Co." in Berlin, Memhardstraße 4 (destroyed in World War II)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926: Reconstruction of the office building of the Berlin guard and Schließgesellschaft in Berlin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927–1928: House of Dr. Martin Abraham, in Berlin-Zehlendorf, Berry Street.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1928: Shop of the company "Kopp & Joseph" in Berlin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1930–1931: new buildings of the rubber factory "Fromms Act" by Julius Fromm in Berlin-Köpenick, Friedrichshagener Street.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: "Glas. Im Bau und als Gebrauchsgegenstand". (Glass in Modern Architecture) (Berlin: 1929)

paragraph: "History Builds the Town". (London: Lund, Humphries, 1953)

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: Andreas Zeese: "Die vergessene Moderne. Arthur Korn – Architekt, Urbanist, Lehrer (1891–1978). Leben und Werk eines jüdischen Avantgardisten in Berlin und London". Diss. Universität Wien 2010 (in German)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The History of European Photography 1900–1938, FOTOFO., 2011.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New York Times

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oxford Art Online

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oxford Dictionary of National Bibliography

description: German architect

wikidata_label: Arthur Korn

wikipedia_title: Arthur Korn (architect)


text: Basque

text: Orio

text: Gipuzkoa

text: Basque Country

text: Basque music

text: Basque culture

text: Antonio Breschi

text: Kepa Junkera

categories: 1942 births,Spanish male singers,People from Urola Kosta,Basque musicians,Spanish songwriters,Basque-language singers

paragraph: Benito Lertxundi

paragraph: Benito Lertxundi is a Basque singer-songwriter born in Orio, Gipuzkoa, Basque Country in 1942. He is an acclaimed and veteran figure in Basque music, who spearheaded with other key figures its revival in the 1960s and following years, showing a special commitment to Basque culture and matters in general.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo work.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Benito Lertxundi (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ez Dok Amairu (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oro laño mee batek... (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- ..."Eta maita herria, üken dezadan plazera" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zuberoa / Askatasunaren semeei (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Altabizkar / Itzaltzuko bardoari (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gaueko ele ixilen baladak (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mauleko bidean… izatearen mugagabean (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pazko gaierdi ondua (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hunkidura kuttunak I (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hunkidura kuttunak II (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hitaz oroit (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Auhen sinfonikoa (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nere ekialdean (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 40 urtez ikasten egonak (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Itsas ulu zolia (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oroimenaren oraina (2012)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With other artists.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mezulari (Antonio Breschi - 1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Donostia (Antonio Breschi - 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bilbao 00:00h (Kepa Junkera - 1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lau Anaiak (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 18/98+... Auzolanean (2007)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Comprehensive website on Benito Lertxundi and his music

description: Basque singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Benito Lertxundi

wikipedia_title: Benito Lertxundi


text:
Dingelstädt
Weimar
Augustinian monastery
Erfurt
gymnasium
Anna Amelia
Weimar
Carl Ludwig Fernow
Karoline Jagemann
Ferdinand Jagemann
Adolph Freiherr von Danckelmann
ADB:Jagemann, Christian Joseph
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie

categories: 1735 births,People from Dingelstädt,German art historians,German male non-fiction writers,Converts to Protestantism,Roman Catholic friars,German librarians,1804 deaths,German Roman Catholic priests,Augustinian friars

paragraph: Christian Joseph Jagemann

paragraph: Christian Joseph Jagemann (1735, Dingelstädt – 5 February 1804, Weimar) was a German scholar, court-advisor and librarian.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Against his parents' wishes Christian became a monk, entering the Augustinian monastery at Erfurt in 1752. However, he soon fled to Denmark, where he became a private tutor. He reconciled with his parents and returned home, but then had to go to Rome and Florence as a Catholic priest. After his homecoming he joined the court of the prince of Mainz in 1774 as director of a church gymnasium in Erfurt, but lost this position the following year on the prince's death. Converting to Protestantism, in 1775 he became advisor and librarian to duchess Anna Amelia in Weimar. By his written works he promoted knowledge of the Italian old masters to Germany. His successor as librarian was Carl Ludwig Fernow.

paragraph: Section::::Children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karoline Jagemann (1777-1848), actress and singer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ferdinand Jagemann (1780-1820), painter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marianne, wife of Adolph Freiherr von Danckelmann, 1806 to 1815

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1775: "Geographische Beschreibung des Großherzogtums Toskana", Gotha

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1777: "Geschichte der freien Künste und Wissenschaften in Italien", 5 vol, 1777-1781

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1780: "Magazin der italienischen Literatur und Künste", 8 vol, 1780-1785

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1805: "Italienisches Wörterbuch", 4 Bände, 1805

paragraph: BULLET::::- Translations

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Hölle" from Dante's "Göttliche Komödie" 1780-1782 (available on www.dantealighieri.dk)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Goethes "Hermann u. Dorothea." (e-text (Ermanno e Dorotea) on www.dantealighieri.dk),

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ADB:Jagemann, Christian Joseph at: "Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie".

description: German scholar

wikidata_label: Christian Joseph Jagemann

wikipedia_title: Christian Joseph Jagemann


text:
Major League Baseball
outfielder
Chicago Cubs
Cincinnati Reds
Norwood, Massachusetts
minor leagues
singles
strikeout
Philadelphia Phillies

categories: Chicago Cubs players,Baseball players from Massachusetts,1900 births,1975 deaths,Major League Baseball outfielders,Cincinnati Reds players

paragraph: Marty Callaghan

paragraph: Martin Francis Callaghan (June 9, 1900 – June 23, 1975) was a Major League Baseball outfielder who played for four seasons. He played for the Chicago Cubs from 1922 to 1923 and the Cincinnati Reds in 1928 and 1930.

paragraph: A 1916 graduate of Norwood High School, Callaghan was highly celebrated in his hometown of Norwood, Massachusetts. A "Marty Callaghan Day" was once held, which attracted many spectators and the Norwood Brass Band.

paragraph: In addition to his 4 major league seasons, Callaghan played 11 seasons in the minor leagues, playing until 1934. Callaghan has the distinction of being one of few players in major league history that have batted three times in one inning, a feat that Callaghan accomplished on August 25, 1922. He had two singles and a strikeout during the fourth inning of a 26-23 victory over the Philadelphia Phillies

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Marty Callaghan

wikipedia_title: Marty Callaghan


text: Roman province of Africa

text: North Africa

text: Tunisia

text: canonized

text: Christian

text: saint

text: Genseric

text: Greek

text: Latin

text: procurator

text: Byzacena

text: Augustine of Hippo

text: Psalm 36

text: monophysitism

text: Eulalius

text: Huneric

text: Arian

text: Sicca Veneria

text: Chalcedonian

text: Jesus

text: Rome

text: Thrasamund

text: Ruspe

text: Tunisia

text: Sardinia

text: Pope Symmachus

text: Cagliari

text: Nicene

text: Hilderic

text: Quodvultdeus (died c.450)

text: Kerkenna

text: Ferrandus

text: theologian

text: Greek

text: Augustine of Hippo

text: Arianism

text: Pelagianism

text: sermon

text: Fabius Planciades Fulgentius

text: saint's day

text: relic

text: Bourges

text: French Revolution

text: Saint of the Day, January 1

text: André Mandouze

categories: Sermon writers,6th-century Christian theologians,460s births,Saints from the Vandal Kingdom,6th-century Christian saints,5th-century Latin writers,6th-century deaths

paragraph: Fulgentius of Ruspe

paragraph: Saint Fulgentius of Ruspe (462 or 467 – 1 January 527 or 533) was bishop of the city of Ruspe, Roman province of Africa, North Africa in modern day Tunisia, during the 5th and 6th century. He was also canonized as a Christian saint.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Fabius Claudius Gordianus Fulgentius was born in the year 462 at Telepte (modern-day Medinet-el-Kedima), Tunisia, North Africa, into a senatorial family. His grandfather, Gordianus, a senator of Carthage, was despoiled of his possessions by the invader Genseric, then banished to Italy. His two sons returned after his death; though their house in Carthage had been taken over by Arian priests, they recovered some property in Byzacene.

paragraph: His father, Claudius died when Fulgentius was still quite young. His mother, Mariana taught him to speak Greek and Latin. Fulgentius became particularly fluent with the former, speaking it like a native. His biographer says that at an early age Fulgentius committed the entire works of Homer to memory. He quickly gained wide public respect for the conduct of his family's affairs. This reputation helped him to acquire a post as a procurator or tax collector of Byzacena. He quickly grew tired of the material life, and this combined with his religious studies, (particularly a sermon of Augustine of Hippo on Psalm 36, which dealt with the transitory nature of physical life), convinced him to become a monk.

paragraph: Around the year 499 he set out to join the hermits of the Thebaid in Egypt, but changed his mind was once he learned of the influence of monophysitism on Egyptian monasticism from Eulalius, bishop of Syracuse.

paragraph: He applied to Faustus, a bishop who had been forced from his diocese by the Vandal king Huneric and later set up a monastery at Byzacena. Faustus had serious concerns about Fulgentius's physical weakness, which might have made him a poor candidate for the rigorous life of the monastery, and tried to dissuade the twenty-two-year-old Fulgentius from his request. After Fulgentius persisted, Faustus relented and admitted him on a trial basis.

paragraph: Upon learning of her son's decision, Mariana, who evidently had never been told of Fulgentius's wish, was very upset. She rushed to the gates of the monastery, demanding to know how a church, which was supposed to protect widows, could rob this widow of her only son. Her protestations were ineffective, and Fulgentius was ultimately confirmed in his vocation.

paragraph: Renewed Arian attacks on the area forced Fulgentius to leave for another nearby monastery. The abbot there, Felix, gave Fulgentius the duty of managing the temporal affairs of the monastery, while he managed the spiritual affairs. The two of them worked well together, and so in 499, during another wave of persecution, they both fled for Sicca Veneria. A local Arian priest had them arrested and tortured after learning the pair were preaching the catholic Chalcedonian teaching regarding the two natures of Jesus.

paragraph: In 500, he visited Rome, where he prayed at the tombs of the apostles. His visit coincided with a formal address to the people by king Theodoric, which confirmed Fulgentius in his low esteem for the earthly vanities of this world. He then returned to Byzacena, where he built a monastery, electing to live in an isolated cell. Fulgentius's reputation quickly spread, and he was several times offered the post of bishop of one of the dioceses which had been vacated through the actions of the Arian king Thrasamund. He chose not to accept these offers, knowing Thrasamund had specifically ordered that only Arians be permitted to fill those seats.

paragraph: Section::::Bishop of Ruspe.

paragraph: In 502 Fulgentius was persuaded to take the post of bishop of Ruspe in Tunisia. His obvious virtues made a strong impression on the people of his new diocese, but he was soon banished to Sardinia with some sixty other bishops who did not hold the Arian position. Pope Symmachus knew of their plight and sent them annual provisions of food and money.

paragraph: While in Sardinia, Fulgentius turned a house in Cagliari into a monastery, and determined to write a number of works to help instruct the Christians of Africa. In 515, he returned to Africa, having been summoned there by Thrasamund for a public debate with his Arian replacement. His book, "An Answer to Ten Objections" is supposed to have been collected from the answers he had made regarding objections to the catholic Nicene position. Thrasamund, impressed by Fulgentius' knowledge and learning, and fearing social discord if these persuasive arguments fell into the hands of his Arian subjects, ordered that all Fulgentius' future statements could only be delivered orally. Fulgentius responded with a further rebuttal to the Arian position, now known as the "Three Books to King Thrasamund." Thrasamund's respect for Fulgentius grew, leading him to allow Fulgentius to stay in Carthage, but after renewed complaints from the local Arian clergy he banished Fulgentius back to Sardinia in 520.

paragraph: Fulgentius founded several communities not only in Africa, but also in Sardinia.

paragraph: In 523, following the death of Thrasamund and the accession of his catholic son Hilderic, Fulgentius was allowed to return to Ruspe and try to convert the populace to the catholic position. He worked to reform many of the abuses which had infiltrated his old diocese in his absence. The power and effectiveness of his preaching was so profound that his archbishop, Boniface of Carthage, wept openly every time he heard Fulgentius preach, and publicly thanked God for giving such a preacher to his church.

paragraph: Tensions with Quodvultdeus (died c.450) over precedence appear to have been overcome by Fulgentius' modest concessions.

paragraph: Later, Fulgentius retired to a monastery on the island of Circinia (Kerkenna), but was recalled to Ruspe, and served there until his death on 1 January 527 or 533.

paragraph: Section::::Vita.

paragraph: The Life of Fulgentius, (generally attributed to Ferrandus of Carthage, but more recently to Redemptus a monk of Telepte) is of value to historians as a record of migrations of social élites to Italy, Sicily and Sardinia due to vicissitudes of the Vandal rulers in North Africa, navigation in the Western Mediterranean, estate management, and the development of an episcopal monastic familia.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: As a theologian, Fulgentius's work shows knowledge of Greek and a strong agreement with Augustine of Hippo. He wrote frequently against Arianism and Pelagianism. Some letters and eight sermons survive by Fulgentius. During the Middle Ages, he was conflated with Fabius Planciades Fulgentius and considered the author of the famous "Mythologies", but this identification is now questioned.

paragraph: Section::::Doctrine.

paragraph: Section::::Doctrine.:Filioque.

paragraph: Fulgentius writes in his "Letter to Peter on the Faith":

paragraph: "Hold most firmly and never doubt that the same Holy Spirit, who is the one Spirit of the Father and the Son, proceeds from the Father and the Son. For the Son says, 'When the Spirit of Truth comes, who has proceeded from the Father,' where he taught that the Spirit is his, because he is the Truth."

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: His saint's day is January 1, the day of his death. His relics were transferred to Bourges in France around 714. They were later destroyed during the French Revolution.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Isola (ed.), "Anonymus. Vita S. Fulgentii episcopi", Turnhout, 2016 (Corpus Christianorum. Series Latina, 91F),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fulgence de Ruspe, "Lettres ascetiques et morales". Critical text by J. Fraipont. Introduction, translation, and notes by Daniel Bachelet. Paris: Cerf, 2004, Pp. 298. (Sources Chretiennes, 487).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fulgentius" in "The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church." F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone, eds. London: Oxford University Press, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catholic Encyclopedia" article "St. Fulgentius"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint of the Day, January 1 at "SaintPatrickDC.org"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burns, Paul. "Butler's Lives of the Saints:New Full Edition." Collegeville, MN:The Liturgical Press, 1995. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gumerlock, Francis X. "Fulgentius of Ruspe on the Saving Will of God: The Development of a Sixth-Century African Bishop’s Interpretation of 1 Timothy 2:4 During the Semi-Pelagian Controversy". Edwin Mellen Press, 2009.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prosopographie de l'Afrique Chrétienne (303–533), ed. André Mandouze pp.507–513 'Fulgentius 1'

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Life of St. Fulgentius (Augustinians of the Midwest)

description: Bishop of Ruspe

wikidata_label: Fulgentius of Ruspe

wikipedia_title: Fulgentius of Ruspe


text:
Campos dos Goytacazes
Rio de Janeiro
University of Rio de Janeiro
Prêmio Jabuti
Brazilian Academy of Letters
Locus Magazine obituary
José Cândido de Carvalho (1914-1989)

categories: Brazilian novelists,People from Campos dos Goytacazes,1989 deaths,Members of the Brazilian Academy of Letters,20th-century Brazilian male writers,Male novelists,Brazilian monarchists,1914 births,Brazilian journalists,20th-century novelists

paragraph: José Cândido de Carvalho

paragraph: José Cândido de Carvalho was a Brazilian writer born in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro on August 5, 1914. His "O Coronel e o Lobisomem" (English: "The Colonel and the Werewolf") was the basis for a TV series and feature film. He died August 1, 1989

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: The son of a farmer he started working in the school holidays at a sugar refinery. On leaving school he became a reviewer with various local newspapers eventually becoming editor of "O Liberal" (English: "The Liberal"). He graduated in law from the University of Rio de Janeiro in 1937, but soon abandoned the profession.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: His first novel was "Look at the sky, Frederico!" published in 1939. He moved to the city of Rio de Janeiro where he worked for various newspapers and in radio until shortly before his death in 1989.

paragraph: From 1957 he was working on "O Cruzeiro" (English: "The Cruise") and in 1964 published his second novel, "The Colonel and the Werewolf", a bestseller with more than fifty five editions to date (2012). Considered one of the great novels of Brazilian literature, it was subsequently published in Portugal and translated into English, Spanish, French and German. The book also won the 1965 Prêmio Jabuti (English "Tortoise Prize"), the Luísa Coelho Neto and Claudio de Sousa award.

paragraph: When he died he was working on his third novel, The King Belshazzar, which remains unfinished.

paragraph: Section::::Brazilian Academy of Letters.

paragraph: In 1974 he was elected to a position on the Brazilian Academy of Letters, occupying chair 31 from 1974 until his death in 1989. The Academy is composed of 40 members, known as "immortals", chosen from among the citizens of Brazil, who have published recognized works or books of literary value.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Locus Magazine obituary

paragraph: BULLET::::- José Cândido de Carvalho (1914-1989)

description: Brazilian writer

wikidata_label: José Cândido de Carvalho

wikipedia_title: José Cândido de Carvalho


href: Udasi saint India Depalpur%20Tehsil Sahiwal%20District Punjab%20%28Pakistan%29 landlord Guru%20Nanak Sri%20Chand Udasi Panth legend mythology cobra Hinduism Sikhism Islam Depalpur%20%28Pakistan%29 monk Pakpattan Guru mantra Kirtan Wattu Muslim Lahore Governor Punjab%20region tribe Hindu Sikhs Muslem Dargah Sufi Saint Baba%20Farid Harmandir%20Sahib Amritsar Sikh Hindu shrine dera%20%28organization%29 Guru Gobind%20Singh Sikh Mahant%20Nirmal%20Chand Mahant%20Baba%20Darshan%20Dass shrine Gurudwara Nankana%20Sahib Sheikhupura Mahant%20Girdhari%20Dass Pakistan India Sirsa%20District Haryana Pakistan Hindu temple India Pakistan spirituality aphorism Bhoman%20Shah http%3A//bababhumanshahji.org/

text:
Udasi
saint
India
Deepalpur Tehsil
Okara District
Punjab (Pakistan)
landlord
Guru Nanak
Sri Chand
Udasi
Panth
legend
myth
cobra
Hinduism
Sikhism
Islam
Deepalpur
monk
Pakpattan
Guru
mantra
Kirtan
Wattu
Muslim
Lahore
Governor
Punjab
tribe
Hindu
Sikhs
Muslem
Dargah
Sufi
Saint
Baba Farid
Golden Temple
Amritsar
Sikh
Hindu
shrine
Dera
Guru
Gobind Singh
Sikh
Mahant Nirmal Chand
Mahant Baba Darshan Dass
shrine
Gurudwara
Nankana Sahib
Sheikhupura
Mahant Girdhari Dass
Pakistan
India
Sirsa District
Haryana
Pakistan
Hindu
temple
India
Pakistan
spiritual
aphorism
Bhoman Shah
Dera Baba Bhuman Shah Ji (Sangar Sadha)

paragraph: Bhumman Shah

paragraph: Baba Bhumman Shah, (also known as Baba Bhuman Shah, born Bhumia Hassa) is counted among the top Udasi saints of India. He was born on April 14, 1687 CE at Behlolpur village, Deepalpur Tehsil, Okara District, Punjab (Pakistan). His father Chaudhury Hassa Ram was a Numbardar and a well-known landlord of Behlolpur. Hassa Ram and his wife Mata Rajo Bai were known to be deeply religious and devotees of Guru Nanak as well as of Baba Sri Chand, the founder of the Udasi Panth.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: There are several legends and myths connected with Bhumia's early childhood. The story goes that once as a kid, when he was sleeping in his cradle, a cobra came and sat over his chest with his hood spread wide-apart. Mother Rajo was stunned at the scene but as she dared to approach the cradle, the cobra disappeared slowly with no harm to the sleeping kid. Another myth relates to the revival of the dead sparrows; and yet another one deals with restoring to health the lost crops of a poor farmer...so forth and so on. These were taken to be miracles and the peoples from far and wide started to crowd at Bhumia house to have his darshan.

paragraph: Bhumia went for his schooling at the age of seven. He was very sharp and intelligent student and imbibed the essentials of Hinduism, Sikhism and Islam at a very young age. Besides attending to his religious lessons, Bhumia also performed the worldly chores like grazing cows in the company of other boys of his village. He would take his cows to the forest where he would also carry plenty of food and Jal (water) to run a free-kitchen (Langar) for the passers-by including the ascetics, saints, the poor and the orphans.

paragraph: Little later, the family would move from Behlolpur to Deepalpur.

paragraph: Section::::Initiation.

paragraph: By the age of fifteen, Bhumia had developed a strong aspiration to become a monk. With the permission of his parents he approached Baba Pritam Das of Pakpattan, the prominent Saint of "Udasin Panth" who initiated him into a Guru-mantra. On being formally initiated and baptized by Baba Pritam Dass, Bhumia himself became "Baba Bhumman Shah". Soon afterwards, he started to preach the religious messages which were always accompanied by Kirtan and free-kitchen (Langar).

paragraph: It is stated that Chaudhury Lakha Wattu, a Muslim Rajput landlord of village Kutub Kot had been arrested for some reasons and was put behind the bars at Lahore by the orders of the Governor of Punjab. Bibi Bakhtawar, Lakha's mother, was a staunch devotee of the Baba. She solicited Baba's blessings for the release of her son and it so happened that Chaudhury Lakha was released from the jail within couple of days. As a result, Lakha and his numerous Muslim relatives from the Wattu tribe also became devoted followers of the Baba. In addition, the tribe also surrendered a village named Kutub-Kot to the Baba which the latter made the centre of his religious activities.

paragraph: Section::::Life work.

paragraph: Baba Bhumman Shah travelled from village to village to preach his message of love, peaceful coexistence, universal brotherhood, religious-tolerance and equality. He had followers from many denominations including Hindus, Sikhs and Muslems.

paragraph: Baba also visited the Dargah of Sufi Saint Baba Farid, Golden Temple at Amritsar, and numerous other Sikh and Hindu shrines during his religious itineraries. At village Kutub-Kot, which later became renowned as "Dera Baba Bhumman Shah", Baba permanently established the maryada of Kirtan and free kitchen (Langar).

paragraph: Baba was also a very dedicated Sikh of Guru Gobind Singh. It is told that once, Dashmesh Guru and his Sikh followers were going to Nili Bar when they visited Baba Bhumman Shah and took Langar at the Dera; pleased with Shah's noble mission, Gobind Singh blessed him that his Langar would continue to grow with no shortage of any kind.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: After carrying out his religious mission for well over 50 years, Baba died in 1762 CE. He was succeeded by Mahant Nirmal Chand who continued his work.

paragraph: During the times of sixth Mahant Baba Darshan Dass, a British Divisional Commissioner visited the Dera. Impressed by Mahant's personality as well as the Dera-complex and the free-kitchen service (Langar), the Commissioner attached 3000 acres (12 km²) of agricultural land as fief to the shrine (Baba Bhuman Shah by Sant Chandra Swami).

paragraph: Total landed property in the name of Shrine grew well over 18,000 acres (73 km²) of agricultural land (cf: 18700 acres (76 km²) in the name of Gurudwara Sri Nankana Sahib in Sheikhupura). Besides landed property, there was other moveable/immoveable property in the name of the Dera.

paragraph: Section::::Post-Partition scenario.

paragraph: After partition, due to compulsions of politics, Mahant Girdhari Dass, the Mukh Sewadar of the Dera, shifted his religious headquarters from Pakistan to India. A new Shrine and Dera was established in Sangar Sadan in Sirsa District in Haryana. The total land transferred to the Dera from Pakistan was a meagre 1600 acres (6.5 km²) compared to over 18000 acres (73 km²) in Montgomery. After Mahant Girdhari Dass's death, Baba Mahant Amar Nath Bawa was the mahant of the shrine in Sangar Sadan. At present Baba Braham Dass is the mahant (Gaddinasheen). Mahant Baba Braham Dass Ji is the

paragraph: 12th Mahant of Dera Baba Bhuman Shah Ji Sangar Sarista (Sirsa).

paragraph: Besides Sangar Sadan, the Hindu devotees of the Baba have also built several temples in his memory in a number of states of northern India as well, where daily worship unto Babaji is offered with faith and love (Baba Bhuman Shah by Sant Chandra Swami).

paragraph: In Pakistan, this Dera was considered the richest with huge property attached to it in pre-partition times.

paragraph: The spiritual and pragmatic teachings of Baba Bhuman Shah

paragraph: have been presented in the form of aphorisms in a booklet by his ardent devotee, Sage Chandra Swami, with a focus on true goal of life as well as the right means for its achievement. These teachings are in complete concordance with Baba's own divine life.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bhoman Shah

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dera Baba Bhuman Shah Ji (Sangar Sadha)

description: Udasi saint of India

wikidata_label: Bhumman Shah

wikipedia_title: Bhumman Shah


text: bog body

text: peat

text: Yde

text: Netherlands

text: hair

text: fortnight

text: BCE

text: Windeby I

text: scoliosis

text: sprang

text: Kayhausen Boy

text: tannic acid

text: Richard Neave

text: CT scan

text: plastic surgery

text: pathology

text: Drents Museum

text: Assen

text: Roter Franz

text: Weerdinge Men

text: Canada

categories: Disability studies,Historical people who were forensically reconstructed,Archaeological discoveries in the Netherlands,Drents Museum,Bog bodies,Deaths by strangulation,1897 archaeological discoveries

paragraph: Yde Girl

paragraph: Yde Girl () is a bog body found in the "Stijfveen" peat bog near the village of Yde, Netherlands. She was found on 12 May 1897 and was reputedly uncannily well-preserved when discovered (especially her hair), but by the time the body was turned over to the authorities a fortnight later it had been severely damaged and deteriorated. Most of her teeth had been pulled from the skull by villagers as well as a large amount of hair. The peat cutting tools had also been reported to have severely damaged the body.

paragraph: Section::::Examination.

paragraph: Carbon-14 tests have indicated that Yde Girl died between 54 BCE and 128 CE at an approximate age of 16 years. She had long reddish blond hair, but one side of her head was initially thought to have been shaved before she died. Recent studies of Windeby I, however, have suggested that the shaved hair phenomenon in some bog bodies may simply attest to one side of the head being exposed to oxygen slightly longer than the other. Scans have shown that she suffered from scoliosis. She stood at , which is comparatively small for a sixteen-year-old.

paragraph: The body was found clad in a woolen cape and with a woolen band, made in a braiding technique known as sprang, wrapped around the neck, suggesting she was executed or sacrificed. There was also a stab wound in the area of her collarbone, but that was not determined as the cause of death. It is thought that she may have died while unconscious, as defensive wounds were absent on the hand that was recovered from the body, unlike a similar case in Germany, the Kayhausen Boy, who had a cut on his left hand from an apparent defense attempt. As with most bog bodies, the skin and features are still preserved because of the tannic acid in the marsh water. When Yde Girl was excavated, the diggers accidentally caused a wound to the skull. Only the torso of the girl, the head, the right hand and the feet remain intact today. The rest of her body was not preserved or had been damaged by peat cutting tools.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibit.

paragraph: The Yde Girl was put on display and further study was not carried out on the remains until 1992. Richard Neave, of University of Manchester, took a CT scan of the skull of Yde Girl and determined her age, both anatomically and historically. The Yde Girl became internationally known when Neave made a reconstruction of her head, using techniques from plastic surgery and criminal pathology. Due to the state of the body, the work on the reconstruction included some guesswork, for example, the nose and some other facial features. Yde Girl and her modern reconstruction are displayed at the Drents Museum in Assen.

paragraph: Yde Girl, along with Roter Franz and the Weerdinge Men, were transported across the world for a museum tour in both the early and mid 2000s. Due to the intensity of the girl's death, protests in Canada prevented the tour from traveling through several locations in the country.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yde Girl – as discovered and facial reconstruction at James M. Deem's "Mummy Tombs" site.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "National Geographic" September 2007: "Tales From the Bog"

description: Iron age bog body found in the Netherlands

wikidata_label: Yde Girl

wikipedia_title: Yde Girl


text: United States

text: Office of Management and Budget

text: John F. Kennedy

text: Ford Foundation

text: Jamestown, North Dakota

text: San Francisco

text: Stanford University

text: Pomona College

text: Harvard University

text: Commerce Department

text: New York City

text: Boston, MA

text: Washington D.C.

text: Karachi, Pakistan

text: United States Marine Corps

text: Fort Benning

text: Camp Pendleton

text: Quantico

text: First Lieutenant

text: Captain

text: honorably discharged

text: World War II

text: Harry S. Truman

text: Democratic

text: Adlai Stevenson

text: Foreign Assistance Act

text: Ford Foundation

text: leukemia

text: Cambridge, Massachusetts

text: arts and crafts

text: David E. Bell Obituary in the LA Times

categories: Harvard University alumni,Directors of the Office of Management and Budget,Administrators of the United States Agency for International Development,1919 births,2000 deaths

paragraph: David E. Bell

paragraph: David Elliott Bell (January 19, 1919 – September 6, 2000) was a director of the United States' Office of Management and Budget from January 22, 1961 until December 20, 1962 under President John F. Kennedy. Kennedy named him administrator of the Agency for International Development in late 1962. He left government service in 1966 to become the Executive Vice President of the Ford Foundation.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: David E. Bell was born on January 20, 1919, in Jamestown, North Dakota, the son of Florence and Reginald Bell. He spent part of his youth in San Francisco, while his father was teaching at Stanford University. In 1939, he received a B.A. from Pomona College, California, and in 1941 a M.A. in economics from Harvard University.

paragraph: On November 17, 1943, he married Mary Louise Barry. When they met, Mary worked at the Commerce Department and later was employed as a 4th grade teacher. David and Mary had two children: a daughter Susan, and a son Peter. The Bells and their children traveled extensively in all parts of the world, and lived in several locations, including New York City, Boston, MA, Washington D.C., and Karachi, Pakistan. He continued to travel the world with his wife up until the time of his death.

paragraph: Section::::Military service.

paragraph: Bell joined the United States Marine Corps in December, 1942. He was trained at Fort Benning, Georgia, Camp Pendleton, California, and Quantico, Virginia, where he was an instructor. He served on land in Pearl Harbor from July 1945 until he was released from active duty on 21 September of the same year, at which point he was a First Lieutenant. He was promoted to the rank of Captain on 19 July 1948 and was honorably discharged on December 16, 1957.

paragraph: Section::::Government service.

paragraph: In 1942, he became a staff member at the Bureau of the Budget. During World War II (1942 to 1945) he served in the Marine Corps. From 1947 to 1951, Bell alternated between a position on the staff at the Bureau of the Budget, and a position as a special assistant to President Harry S. Truman. In 1951, Bell became Administrative Executive to the President. In these positions Bell worked on the formulation and evaluation of the administration's economic policies and programs. During this time, Bell also worked as a speech writer for President Truman.

paragraph: In 1952, Bell left Washington temporarily to join the campaign staff of the Democratic nominee for president, Adlai Stevenson. Bell served Stevenson as a speech writer and as Stevenson's White House liaison. When the Truman administration ended in January 1953, Bell returned to private life. At the end of 1960, President-elect Kennedy asked Bell to become the Director of the Bureau of the Budget. Bell accepted, and was immediately put to work during the Eisenhower/Kennedy transition helping to formulate the new administration's economic policy. Some of Bell's other tasks were to map out legislative proposals and strategy, and to review the proposals made by other government agencies. At the end of 1962, President Kennedy asked Bell to become the new Administrator of the Agency for International Development, created in response to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. In this post Bell worked at developing foreign aid programs and legislation and appealing for funds and fighting budget cutbacks.

paragraph: Section::::Ford Foundation work.

paragraph: Bell left the government in the summer of 1966, and became Executive Vice President of the Ford Foundation, a private independent institution dedicated to advancing social justice in the US and in developing nations. During his time at the Ford Foundation, Bell was a member of a large number of advisory committees dealing with foreign aid and government reorganization. He left the Ford Foundation in 1980.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: David Bell died of leukemia on September 6, 2000, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, at the age of 81. He was survived by his two children, seven grandchildren, and four great-grandchildren. Bell was notably tall and thin, and had an avid interest in arts and crafts. His home was filled with items he and his wife collected on their many trips abroad. Both Bell and his wife loved jazz and had friends in the arts. They were socially progressive for their time, strongly opposed segregation and sent their children to integrated schools.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- JFK Presidential Library and Museum David E. Bell Biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inventory of Bell's Personal Papers in the John F. Kennedy Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- David E. Bell Obituary in the LA Times

paragraph: BULLET::::- David E. Bell related documents available from the USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse

description: American government official

wikidata_label: David E. Bell

wikipedia_title: David E. Bell


text: D.D.

text: Bishop of El Paso

text: advocate

text: foster care

text: responsible water use

text: Oxnard, California

text: Ventura College

text: St. John's Seminary

text: ordained

text: priest

text: Los Angeles

text: Lincoln Heights, California

text: titular bishop

text: Sitifis

text: auxiliary bishop

text: Archdiocese of Los Angeles

text: Pope John Paul II

text: Roger Mahony

text: Pope John Paul II

text: El Paso

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Diocese of Fresno

text: John Steinbock

text: Pope Francis

text: "Catholic Diocese of El Paso"

categories: 1943 births,American Roman Catholic bishops,20th-century Roman Catholic bishops,American people of Mexican descent,People from Oxnard, California,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,St. John's Seminary (California) alumni,Roman Catholic bishops of El Paso,Living people

paragraph: Armando Xavier Ochoa

paragraph: Armando Xavier Ochoa, D.D. (born April 9, 1943) was the Bishop of Fresno from 2011 to 2019. He was formerly the Bishop of El Paso from 1996 to 2011. Ochoa is an advocate of diocesan foster care programs and responsible water use.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Armando Ochoa, who is of Mexican American descent, grew up in Oxnard, California and was educated at Ventura College and St. John's Seminary. He was ordained a priest on May 23, 1970. Ochoa served at three parishes in Los Angeles before becoming an administrator of Sacred Heart Parish in Lincoln Heights, California, in 1984.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopal appointments.

paragraph: Ochoa was named titular bishop of Sitifis and an auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of Los Angeles by Pope John Paul II in December 1986. He was consecrated on February 23, 1987, by Cardinal Roger Mahony.

paragraph: On April 1, 1996, Pope John Paul II named Ochoa Bishop of El Paso and he was installed there on June 26. Between 1999 and 2009, there were only two ordinations to the priesthood in the Diocese of El Paso.

paragraph: On December 1, 2011, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Ochoa Bishop of the Diocese of Fresno, California, succeeding Bishop John Steinbock, who had died of lung cancer in December 2010.

paragraph: On March 5, 2019, Pope Francis accepted Ochoa's resignation.

paragraph: Section::::Positions.

paragraph: Ochoa considers the ordination of woman priests to be a moot point due to papal opposition; he believes that homosexuals should remain celibate in accordance with Church doctrine requiring all unmarried people to remain celibate; he believes that the priest shortage will be solved through faith rather than through allowing a married priesthood; and fears that teaching children about condoms in a school setting would send a "mixed message" regarding pre-marital sex.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Fresno Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catholic Diocese of El Paso" Retrieved: 2010-03-18.

description: Bishop of Fresno

wikidata_label: Armando Xavier Ochoa

wikipedia_title: Armando Xavier Ochoa


text: OSB

text: Benedictine

text: Abbot

text: New Norcia

text: Tui

text: Compostela

text: habit

text: Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

text: Juan Álvarez Mendizábal

text: First Carlist War

text: Trinità della Cava

text: Naples

text: priesthood

text: John Brady

text: Bishop

text: Diocese of Perth

text: Joseph Serra

text: Fremantle

text: Victoria Plains

text: Aborigines

text: St. Benedict

text: Port Essington

text: Northern Territory

text: Coadjutor

text: See

text: Bishop of Perth

text: Papal decree

text: Carrara marble

text: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Perth

categories: Roman Catholic bishops in Australia,Australian Benedictines,History of Western Australia,Spanish Roman Catholic priests,1814 births,Spanish abbots,Roman Catholic bishops of Darwin,19th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Spanish Benedictines,19th-century Spanish people,Spanish Roman Catholic missionaries,History of Indigenous Australians,Roman Catholic missionaries in Australia,1900 deaths

paragraph: Rosendo Salvado

paragraph: Dom Rosendo Salvado Rotea OSB (1 March 1814 – 29 December 1900) was a Spanish Benedictine monk, missionary, bishop, author, founder and first Abbot of the Territorial Abbey of New Norcia, in Western Australia.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and background.

paragraph: Salvado was born at Tui, Galicia, Spain and at the age of 15 entered the Benedictine Abbey of San Martin at Compostela. He was clothed in the habit in 1829 and took his final vows in 1832. In 1835, he was forced to flee to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, after the Anti-Catholic government of Juan Álvarez Mendizábal decreed the closing of all monasteries and the secularisation of monks as a result of the First Carlist War. He was received into the Abbey of Trinità della Cava, near Naples, where he was ordained to the priesthood in February 1839.

paragraph: Section::::Mission.

paragraph: Strongly desiring to labour in the foreign missions, his wish was granted after John Brady was consecrated as first Bishop of the Diocese of Perth. With his longtime friend Father Joseph Serra OSB, Salvado sailed from London with the Bishop's party and landed in Fremantle in January 1846. At Brady's instruction, Salvado and Serra, alongside a small party of their fellow Benedictines, journeyed deep into the Victoria Plains via ox drawn cart. On 1 March 1846, they founded "The Central Mission" in the midst of the bush, intending to convert the Aborigines to Catholicism. This was later renamed "New Norcia," after the birthplace of St. Benedict.

paragraph: The priests soon established relations with the Aborigines, but conditions at the Mission proved so harsh that soon only Salvado and Serra remained. Salvado was an accomplished musician and in the first year of the mission he travelled back to Perth and on 21 May 1846 gave a well received piano recital in tattered robes in the hall of the Courthouse. The recital raised much needed funds for provisioning the new mission. Then, in 1848, Serra was appointed Bishop of Port Essington in the Northern Territory and later to Coadjutor of the Diocese of Perth. In 1849, Salvado sailed for Europe to raise funds for the Mission, accompanied by two young Aboriginal boys, Joseph Conaci and Francis Dirimera. Salvado was consecrated Bishop of Port Essington in August of that year, much against his will, as he strongly desired to return to New Norcia. After Port Essington was abandoned, however, he was left as a Bishop without a See.

paragraph: While waiting permission to return to Australia, he wrote and published "Memorie Storiche dell' Australia" in March 1851. This book, which chronicled the beginnings of the Mission and his relations with the Aborigines, went through multiple printings in Italian, Spanish, and French. It was published in English in 1977.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: He returned to Australia in 1853, accompanied by a large number of priests and monks bound for the Australian Missions and especially for New Norcia. For four years he administered the Diocese of Perth during Bishop Serra's absence in Europe. He returned to New Norcia in 1857. In the following years he shifted the focus of the Mission to serving the White settlers who were pouring into the area. In 1866 he was nominated as Bishop of Perth, but convinced Vatican authorities that his true vocation lay with aborigines. In 1867, he was appointed "Lord Abbot" and the Mission was upgraded to an independent Abbey by Papal decree. He died in 1900 at the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls, while on a visit to Rome. His body was returned to New Norcia three years later and buried in a tomb of Carrara marble behind the high altar of the Abbey church.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Perth

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview (in Spanish) about biography of Salvado

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2014): "Crónica desde el país de los sin alma. Rosendo Salvado en Australia 1846-1899", A Coruña, Biblioteca Gallega-La Voz de Galicia ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salvado, Rosendo (1883). "Relazione della Missione benedittina di Nuova Nurcia nell’Australia Occidentale" (1844-1883). Roma, 1883; en Cipollone, G. y Orlandi, C. "Aborigeno con gli aborigene", Librería Editrice Vaticana,2011

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Rosendo Salvado

wikipedia_title: Rosendo Salvado


text:
Cologne
sculpture
installation
performance
video art
black and white photography
individual mythologies
Parsons School of Design
New School of Social Research
New York City
Individual Mythology
Harald Szeemann
documenta 5
Augsburg
textile manufacturing
Lech
hessian
self-portrait
black and white photography
rice pudding
triangular
world's population
Siegburg
textile
photograph
moulting process
Lehmbruck Museum
monotreme
seismograph
Kunstmuseum Bonn
Germany
Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków
Poland
Germany
MacDowell Colony
Bonn
Museum Schloss Arolsen
Schloss Molsberg
Westerwald
Cologne
Trinity Church Cologne
Morsum
Sylt
Landshut
Siegburg
Oerlinghausen
Landshut
Augsburg
New York Public Theater
New York
USA
Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn
Neuer Kunstverein Aschaffenburg
Trinity Church Cologne
Lehmbruck Museum
Duisburg
Kunstmuseum Ahlen
Lehmbruck Museum
Duisburg
Passau
Landshut
Siegburg
Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków
Newlyn Art Gallery
website of the artist
Heather Sheehan
Heather Sheehan at artfacts.net

categories: MacDowell Colony fellows,20th-century American artists,1961 births,American contemporary artists,American women photographers,American women sculptors,21st-century American artists,American installation artists,Living people

paragraph: Heather Sheehan

paragraph: Heather Sheehan (born December 9, 1961) is an American artist who lives and works in Cologne, Germany. In her work, she combines elements of sculpture, installation, performance, video art and black and white photography. Her work focuses on the development and presentation of individual mythologies.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Sheehan studied at the Parsons School of Design and the New School of Social Research in New York. Until 1994, she lived and worked in New York City, after which she emigrated to Cologne.

paragraph: The term Individual Mythology, originally coined by Harald Szeemann on the occasion of the documenta 5, denotates a mode in which artists create works from their subjective inner perception as these relate, in their mythological qualities, to recurring events in human life, such as birth, death, etc. It follows that these art installations have a puzzling effect on the viewer. The ambiguity of the presented impulses invites reflection by, and resonance within, the viewers themselves. Sheehan's main interest lies in the narrative interweaving of complex interrelationships. Through her use of varied media, she achieves a multi-dimensional world of experience in which everything relates to the given locations and her studies of them.

paragraph: For the exhibition "alighting" (2015), for example, Sheehan produced a video entitled "alighting on the river", which mirrors the two main themes in the history of the city of Augsburg, namely the textile manufacturing and the river Lech, which flows through Augsburg. "A woman in a plain dress walks barefoot, each step slow and deliberate, along a river bank. She wears a white kerchief and puts down under a willow, the coarse linen sack and black stone which she carried in her arms like a child or her own soul. Then, she turns her back to the viewer of the black-and-white video and steps into the water which soon reaches her thighs. Cut. The next scene shows nothing but water, the rushing river. The End." (in German: "Eine Frau in einem schlichten Kleid geht barfuß, jeder Schritt langsam und tastend, an einem Flussufer entlang. Sie trägt ein weißes Kopftuch und legt unter einer Weide den Sack aus grobem Leinen und den schwarzen Stein ab, den sie wie ein Kind oder ihre Seele in den Armen trug. Dann dreht sie dem Betrachter des in Schwarz-Weiß gedrehten Videos den Rücken zu und schreitet ins Wasser, das ihr bald bis zu den Oberschenkeln reicht. Schnitt. Die nächste Einstellung zeigt nichts als Wasser, den dahinströmenden Fluss. Ende.")

paragraph: The exhibition was opened by a performance in which Sheehan - encased in a hessian sack - crawls into the room to gradually free herself from this cover. The main part of the exhibition was conceived around self-staged, photographic, self-portrait in black and white photography, in which she deals physically with themes such as birth, stillbirth, loss, healing and transformation.

paragraph: For the exhibition Soulfood (2003) at the Fuhrwerkswaage in Cologne, she installed the ingredients for 2000 kg of rice pudding in triangular formation: two open cubes together with one hanging sack; ingredients not only for a comfort food for children and adults, but essential to basic nutrition of large portions of the world's population: […] she combines the purism of the empty, utilitarian space with the modern concept of minimalism to create the aura of a still life of motherly care." (in german: "[…] sie verbindet den Purismus des ausgeräumten Nutzraumes mit dem Minimalismus moderner Positionen zur Aura eines Stillebens mütterlicher Fürsorge.")

paragraph: For " Visitors and other Beings " (2011) in Siegburg, Germany, Sheehan created beings - in varying sizes, from giants over two meters high, to tiny forms of existence which one instinctively wants to protect. Although these creatures are made of textiles and seem like cuddly animals, on closer inspection they emerge rather as creepy and disturbingly alien. This impression is reinforced by the accompanying photographs: "For this the artist took to the razor, partly removed the plush from the resin faces and partly formed it into hairstyles and eyebrows. Greatly enlarged, these panels are suggestive in their own way: The human figure seems to emerge from the plush toy. The observer becomes witness to a moulting process." (in german: "Hierfür hat die Künstlerin zum Rasierer gegriffen und den Plüschstoff auf den Kunstharzgesichtern teilweise entfernt, teilweise zu Frisur und Augenbrauen geformt. In starker Vergrößerung wirken diese Tafeln auf ihre Weise suggestiv: Die menschliche Gestalt scheint aus der Plüschpuppe hervorzubrechen. Der Betrachter wird zum Zeugen eines Häutungsprozessses.")"

paragraph: For "Under the Skin" (2001), Sheehan conceived a kind of "breeding station" for the Lehmbruck Museum, in which entities, mutually isolated in transparent plastic, were nourished by tubes and investigated for apparently scientific purposes. They appeared soft and slimy, not entirely finished, or still in the process of maturing. Additionally, she created a video entitled "Single Opening", in which she appeared as "Professor Dr. Nurse" and explained that the creatures are the result of the recreation of a monotreme, which she calls Maboutae. It possesses one great economic advantage: it has only one body opening and produces a special milk. "She sarcastically caricatures them as an absurd research focus and our amateurish ideas about the possibility of genetic engineering and its economic advantages." (in German:"Sarkastisch karikiert sie damit abseitige Forschungsschwerpunkte und unsere laienhaften Vorstellungen von den Möglichkeit der Gentechnik und deren ökonomischen Vorteilen.")

paragraph: Like a kind of human seismograph, Sheehan senses energies of the rooms in which she works and exhibits. Based on them, she develops her installations and performances: "There is a place of fertile tension between desire and consciousness, between looking out at the world and looking back in to the self. I go to this place to gather and form images, objects, actions and words. I meld with a material, until the physical experience sparks my practice. The actions I take are guided by this charge. In a state of heightened awareness, I sense the poignancy of a presence wanting to be manifested in my hands, asking to be born and shared." (in German: "Es gibt einen Ort der fruchtbaren Spannung zwischen Wunsch und Bewusstsein, zwischen dem Blick auf die Welt und Retrospektive in das Selbst. Ich gehe an diesen Ort, um Bilder, Gegenstände, Handlungen nd Worte zu sammeln und zu bilden. Ich verschmelze mit dem Material, bis das physische Erleben meine Praxis anregt. Die Handlungen, die ich durchführe, sind davon bestimmt. In einem Stadium erhöhter Aufmerksamkeit fühle ich die Dringlichkeit einer Anwesenheit, die durch meine Hände manifestiert werden möchte, und darum bittet, geboren und vermittelt/geteilt zu werden.)"

paragraph: Section::::Collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunstmuseum Bonn, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków, Poland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stadtmuseum Siegburg, Germany

paragraph: Section::::Videography (selection).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: On Pink, 18′ 02″

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: Single Opening, 08′ 15″

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: Each&Every, 04′ 21″

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: Alighting on the River, 04′ 29″

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: Waterline/Receding, 05′ 12″

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 - 2016 MacDowell Colony Colony Fellowship, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 Guestartist at Schloss Plüschow, Germany

paragraph: Section::::Solo exhibitions (selection).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 "On Pink" (Performance), Hering Raum Bonn, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Universal Mother", Galerie Barbara Cramer, Bonn, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: Made for Arolsen (Installation), Museum Schloss Arolsen, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: "Father", Pavillon Schloss Molsberg, Westerwald, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: "Single Opening" (Videoperformance), Arthothek Cologne, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Soulfood", Kunstraum Fuhrwerkswaage, Cologne, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Each and Every" (Videoperformance), Trinity Church Cologne, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Nike & Co.", Art Galerie Scheel, Morsum, Sylt, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Heather Sheehan - Beings", Neue Galerie Landshut, Landshut, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Visitors and other Beings", Stadtmuseum Siegburg, Siegburg, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Visitors, the Tall and the Small", Kunstverein Oerlinghausen, Oerlinghausen, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "(W)hole", Selected Art Models, Cologne, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "Barking the Willow" (Exhibition and Performance), Neue Galerie Landshut, Landshut, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "Alighting" (Exhibition, Video and Performance), Kunstverein Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany

paragraph: Section::::Group exhibitions (selection).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988: "Not Out of Fashion" (Performance), New York Public Theater, New York, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: "Die verlassenen Schuhe", Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: "Zwei Amerikaner in Aschaffenburg", Neuer Kunstverein Aschaffenburg, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: "Macht und Fürsorge", Trinity Church Cologne, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "Unter der Haut - Transformationen des Biologischen in der zeitgenössischen Kunst", Lehmbruck Museum, Duisburg, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Diagnose [Kunst]", Kunstmuseum Ahlen, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Familybonds", Lehmbruck Museum, Duisburg, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Nicht Für Sie", Kunstverein Passau, Passau and Große Rathausgalerie Landshut, Landshut, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "25 Jahre Kunst im Stadtmuseum", Stadtmuseum Siegburg, Siegburg, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "Medicine in Art", Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków, Poland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "Restructured", Newlyn Art Gallery, England

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- website of the artist

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heather Sheehan at kunstaspekte.de

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heather Sheehan at artfacts.net

description: Installation- and Performance Artist

wikidata_label: Heather Sheehan

wikipedia_title: Heather Sheehan


text:
Aq Qoyunlu
Uzun Hasan
Sultan Khalil
Alam-Aray-i Amini
Fazl b. Ruzbihan Khunji
Uzun Hasan
Shaykh Haydar
Ismail I
Azerbaijani language
Karabakh

categories: 1464 births,15th-century monarchs in Asia,1490 deaths,Aq Qoyunlu rulers

image: 512px-Портрет_Ягуб-бека_с_придворными._Альбом_Мехмета_Завоевателя.png

paragraph: Yaqub bin Uzun Hasan

paragraph: Yaqub b. Uzun Hasan (, ) commonly known as Sultan Ya'qub () was the ruler of Aq Qoyunlu dynasty from 1478 until his death in December 14, 1490. A son of Uzun Hasan, he became the ruler of the dynasty after the death of Sultan Khalil. The borders of Aq Qoyunlu dynasty remained stable during his reign. In his book "Alam-Aray-i Amini", Fazl b. Ruzbihan Khunji praised him as a decent successor of Uzun Hasan. Other historians also praised Ya'qub for his patronage of scientists and poets.

paragraph: During Yaqub's reign, Alvand Beg and Kusa Haji revolted against the Aq Qoyunlus in Shiraz and Isfahan respectively, but both revolts were crushed. The biggest revolt during his reign was that of Shaykh Haydar, the father of Ismail I, which resulted in the death of Haydar.

paragraph: Ḵatai Tabrizi, an Azeri poet of the 15th century, dedicated a maṯnawi entitled "Yusof wa Zoleyḵā" to Sultan Yaqub, and Yaqub even wrote poetry in the Azerbaijani language.

paragraph: Ya'qub became severely ill and died in December 14, 1490 in Karabakh. A number of scholars believe that he was poisoned by his wife.

url: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Портрет_Ягуб-бека_с_придворными._Альбом_Мехмета_Завоевателя.png

wikidata_label: Yaqub bin Uzun Hasan

wikipedia_title: Yaqub bin Uzun Hasan