text:
American
illustrator
painter
printmaker
white-line woodcut
Allentown
Pennsylvania
Charles Willson Peale
Sofonisba Anguissola
Philadelphia School of Design for Women
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts
Cecilia Beaux
Hugh Breckenridge
William Merritt Chase
Shinnecock Hills Summer School of Art
Cresson Traveling Scholarship
Académie Colarossi
Salon
Blanche Lazzell
Holland Nimmons McTyeire
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Vanderbilt University
Bowling Green
Kentucky
Frances Fowler
Sarah Peyton
Wickliffe Covington
Orlando Gray Wales
Speaker of the House
Joseph W. Byrns, Sr.
United States Capitol
Matthew Fontaine Maury
Maury Hall
United States Naval Academy
Annapolis
Maryland
American Artists Professional League
Art Institute of Chicago
Corcoran Gallery of Art
National Academy of Design
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
Sesquicentennial Exposition
Society of Independent Artists
National Arts Club
Southern States Art League
Heckscher Museum of Art
Morris Museum of Art
Reading Public Museum
Tennessee State Museum
United States Capitol
Vanderbilt University
Two Red Roses Foundation

categories: Académie Colarossi alumni,Philadelphia School of Design for Women alumni,20th-century American painters,American women painters,1943 deaths,Students of William Merritt Chase,19th-century American painters,People from Nashville, Tennessee,19th-century American women artists,Artists from Allentown, Pennsylvania,Painters from Pennsylvania,20th-century American women artists,1873 births,Artists from Tennessee,Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts alumni,Peale family

paragraph: Ella Sophonisba Hergesheimer

paragraph: Ella Sophonisba Hergesheimer (January 7, 1873 – June 24, 1943) was an American illustrator, painter, and printmaker known for her portrayals of Tennessee society women and their children. As a printmaker, she pioneered the white-line woodcut.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Hergesheimer was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania on January 7, 1873. Her parents were Charles P. Hergesheimer and Ellamanda Ritter Hergesheimer. She was encouraged to create art in her childhood.

paragraph: Hergesheimer was the great-great granddaughter of Philadelphia artist Charles Willson Peale, who named one of his daughters Sophonisba after the Italian artist, Sofonisba Anguissola. Hergesheimer chose to use Sophonisba as her first name.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: She studied at the Philadelphia School of Design for Women for two years, and then went on to study at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts for four years. At the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, she studied with Cecilia Beaux, Hugh Breckenridge, and William Merritt Chase. She was considered by Chase to be one of his finest students, and spent the summer of 1900 studying at Chase's Shinnecock Hills Summer School of Art on Long Island. As a senior at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, she was judged the best pupil in her class and was awarded the Cresson Traveling Scholarship.

paragraph: This allowed her to study abroad in Europe for three years, where she trained at the Académie Colarossi and exhibited at the Paris Salon. She is listed among the students of Blanche Lazzell, who was known for her white-line color woodcuts.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: As a result of having her work including in a 1905 traveling exhibition organized by the Nashville Art Association, she received a commission in 1907 to paint the portrait of Holland Nimmons McTyeire, the Methodist bishop who convinced Cornelius Vanderbilt to endow Vanderbilt University. To work on the commission, she relocated to Nashville, Tennessee, where she remained the rest of her life - first occupying a studio on Church Street, and later one at Eighth Avenue and Broadway. She also conducted art classes in Bowling Green, Kentucky, where her circle of friends included fellow artists Frances Fowler, Sarah Peyton, and Wickliffe Covington. She also maintained a lifelong friendship with landscape painter Orlando Gray Wales, who also was raised in Allentown and also studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.

paragraph: Hergesheimer's most notable portraits are those of Speaker of the House Joseph W. Byrns, Sr., which hangs in the United States Capitol building, and of Commodore Matthew Fontaine Maury, which hangs in Maury Hall at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Hergesheimer died on June 24, 1943 in Davidson, Tennessee.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gold medal, Appalachian Exposition (1910)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gold medal, Tennessee State Exposition (1926)

paragraph: Section::::Major exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- American Artists Professional League

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art Institute of Chicago

paragraph: BULLET::::- Corcoran Gallery of Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Academy of Design

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Orleans Art Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salons of America

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sesquicentennial Exposition, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Society of Independent Artists

paragraph: Section::::Colleagues and affiliations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- American Federation of Arts

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Arts Club

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Orleans Art Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salons of America

paragraph: BULLET::::- Southern States Art League

paragraph: BULLET::::- Washington, D.C. Watercolor Club

paragraph: Section::::Collections.

paragraph: Some of the major collectors of Hergesheimer's work are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heckscher Museum of Art, Huntington, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- Morris Museum of Art, Augusta, Georgia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reading Public Museum, Reading, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tennessee State Museum, Nashville, Tennessee

paragraph: BULLET::::- United States Capitol, Washington, D.C.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee

paragraph: BULLET::::- Two Red Roses Foundation, Palm Harbor, Florida

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burton, Vincent. "Some Portraits by Ella S. Hergesheimer." "International Studio" 37 (March 1909): 32-33.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kelly, James C. "Ella Sophonisba Hergesheimer 1873-1943." "Tennessee Historical Quarterly" 44 (Summer 1985): 112-13.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knowles, Susan. "Ella Sophonisba Hergesheimer (1873-1943)." "Distinctive Women of Nashville". Nashville: Tennessee Historical Society, 1985.

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Ella Sophonisba Hergesheimer

wikipedia_title: Ella Sophonisba Hergesheimer


text:
Mamluk
Burji dynasty
Tuman bay
Mamluk
Alexandria
Cairo
Quran
Sultanate
Bedouins
Kerak
Jerusalem
Syrian
Emir
Yanbu
Sharifs
King of Georgia
horse
ermine
Church of Holy Sepulchre
Vasco da Gama
Cape
Zanzibar
Malabar
Kozhikode
Red Sea
Gujarat
Yemen
Egypt
Hussein the Kurd
Jeddah
Arabia
Mecca
Pope
Ferdinand
Manuel I of Portugal
Battle of Chaul
Lourenço de Almeida
Battle of Diu
Diu
Gujarat Sultanate
Francisco de Almeida
Afonso de Albuquerque
Aden
Ottoman
Ottoman
Bayezid II
Egypt
Safavid
Persia
Ismail I
Shia
Sunni
Caucasus
Sufi
Bosporus
Venetians
Syria
Porte
Mamluk
Venetian
Selim I
Battle of Chaldiran
Tabriz
Amasia
Dulkadirids
Diyarbakır
Iraq
Nisibin
Mosul
Al-Ashraf Tuman bay II
Ottoman Turks
Selim I
Battle of Marj Dabiq
Aleppo
Wikala of Al-Ghuri

categories: 1516 deaths,Burji sultans,Circassians,Egyptian military leaders,History of Kerala,Political people of the Ottoman Empire,1441 births

paragraph: Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri

paragraph: Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri () was the second-to-last of the Mamluk Sultans. One of the last of the Burji dynasty, he reigned from 1501 to 1516.

paragraph: Section::::Consolidation of power.

paragraph: The reign began as usual with the removal of all Tuman bay's adherents. As dangerous to the throne, they were laid hold of, imprisoned or exiled and their property escheated; while the opposite party were restored to freedom and raised again to power and office. Tuman bay I from his hiding-place was found to be plotting against the new Sultan; after some weeks, betrayed by his friends, he was murdered by the Mamluks of an Emir whom he had put to death; and so Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri was saved from that danger without arousing the hostilities of his predecessor's party. On the other hand, the remains of Sultan Al-Ashraf Janbulat were brought from Alexandria where Tuman bay I had caused him to be executed, and royally interred at Cairo.

paragraph: Present danger thus averted, Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri turned to the revenue administration. To replenish the empty treasury, exorbitant demands were levied on every kind of property to the extent of from seven to ten months' income; even religious and charitable endowments not escaping. This was exacted with such severity, not only from Jews and Christians, but from every class, as to create outbreaks in the city.

paragraph: There is not much of importance to tell of the earlier years of this reign. The outrages of the royal Mamluks must have become intolerable, for twice while Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri took fresh oaths of loyalty from his Emirs, he also on his own part swore upon Quran, that he would no more suffer his Mamluks to do them harm. We read also of some suspected treason, which led to punishments of more than ordinary barbarism. Till near the close of the Sultanate, much was not done in fighting. The Bedouins attacked Kerak and Jerusalem, but were repulsed by the Syrian Emirs. Rebellion and rival factions at Mecca and Yanbu also rendered measures necessary for chastising the Sharifs and restoring order.

paragraph: On 15 June 1512, Al-Ghawri received an envoy of the King of Georgia with 20 horses, who was dressed in gold and his cap was adorned with ermine. He came to Al-Ghawri to ask for reopening of the Church of Holy Sepulchre which was closed down for Christians for two years.

paragraph: Section::::Portuguese-Mamluk War.

paragraph: The chief concern was the fitting-out a fleet which should protect the Eastern seas from Portuguese attack. For it was at this time that Vasco da Gama, having in 1497 found his way round the Cape and obtained pilots from the coast of Zanzibar, pushed his way across the Indian Ocean to the shores of Malabar and Kozhikode, attacked the fleets that carried freight and Muslim pilgrims from India to the Red Sea, and struck terror into the potentates all around. The Rulers of Gujarat and Yemen turned for help to Egypt. Sultan Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri accordingly fitted out a fleet of 50 vessels under his Admiral, Hussein the Kurd. Jeddah by forced labor was soon fortified under Barakat II bin Muhammad better known as Barakat Efendi as a harbor of refuge from the Portuguese; now Arabia and the Red Sea were protected. But the fleets in the Indian Ocean were at the mercy of the enemy.

paragraph: Various engagements took place; in one of these, an Egyptian ship belonging to Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri, and in the following year a fleet of seventeen vessels from Arabian harbors- were after a hard struggle taken by the Portuguese, the cargo seized, the pilgrims and crew slain, and the vessels burned. The Sultan was affronted and angry at the attacks upon the Red Sea, the loss of tolls and- traffic, the indignities to which Mecca and its Port were subjected, and above all at the fate of his own ship, and he vowed vengeance upon Portugal. But first, through the Prior of Zion, he threatened the Pope that if he did not check Ferdinand and Manuel I of Portugal in their depredations on the Indian Seas, he would destroy all Christian holy places, and treat Christians as they were treating the followers of Islam. Foiled in this demand, a naval enterprise was set on foot and carried out with various successes. In Battle of Chaul in 1508, Lourenço de Almeida was defeated and lost his life; but in the following year this defeat was avenged by a terrible defeat of the Egyptian fleet at the Battle of Diu in which the Port city of Diu was wrested from the Gujarat Sultanate of India by Francisco de Almeida. Some years after, Afonso de Albuquerque tried to take Aden, while the Egyptian troops suffered disaster in Yemen. Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri now fitted out a new fleet to punish the enemy and protect the Indian trade; but before its results were known, Egypt had lost her sovereignty, and the Red Sea with Mecca and all its Arabian interests had passed into Ottoman hands.

paragraph: Section::::Ottoman-Safavid intrusions.

paragraph: Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II was still engaged in Europe when there suddenly in 1501 appeared a new ground of hostility with Egypt. It arose out of the relations of the two kingdoms with the Safavid dynasty in Persia. Shah Ismail I of Persia was a Shia Muslim who had embarked on a war with the Sunni Ottoman Sultanate over the Caucasus and religious differences. Many Sufi sects had been arrested or exiled by Sultan Bayezid II as dangerous to his rule; and Shah Ismail I's request, that instead they should be allowed free transit into Europe across the Bosporus, was rejected. Upon this, Shah Ismail I sent an Embassy to the Venetians via Syria inviting them to join his arms and recover the territory taken from them by the Porte. Sultan Bayezid II, angry with the Mamluk Sultan Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri, complained bitterly that this Embassy had been suffered to pass through Syria. To appease him, Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri placed in confinement the Venetian merchants then in Syria and Egypt. And although, fearing reprisals from Venice, he after a year released them, yet the relations between Egypt and the Porte remained peaceful for a time.

paragraph: On the succession, however, of Selim I to the throne of Ottoman Sultanate, things took a very different turn. Not only had the attitude of Shah Ismail I become more threatening, but Sultan Selim I himself was more of the warrior than his father. Selim I set out against him, and the Battle of Chaldiran was fought near Tabriz on August 23, 1514. The fanaticism of the Sufis, which led even to their women joining in the combat, failed against the cavalry and artillery of the Turks, and Ismail after a disastrous defeat fled and escaped. Selim I, his provisions failing, returned westward and spent the winter at Amasia. In the spring taking the field again, he attacked the bey of Dulkadirids who as Egypt's vassal had stood aloof, and sent his head with tidings of the victory to Mamluk Sultan Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri. Selim I later overran Diyarbakır and Iraq, taking Roha, Nisibin, Mosul and other cities. Secure now against Shah Ismail I, a larger project dawned upon Selim I; it was the conquest of Egypt, and the fact that the invasion must be made from Syria. With no anxieties toward the North, he could now safely make the advance, and so in the spring of 1516 CE he drew together for this end a great and well-appointed army; and with the view of deceiving Egypt, represented his object to be the further pursuit of Shah Ismail I.

paragraph: Section::::Fall of the Mamluk Sultanate.

paragraph: Leaving Al-Ashraf Tuman bay II the Vizier, in charge, Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri marched against the Ottoman Turks. He was defeated by Selim I at the Battle of Marj Dabiq, north of Aleppo, on August 24, 1516; the betrayal of two Mamluk leaders Janberdi Al-Ghazali and Khayr Baig led to the Mamluk defeat and to the death of the Sultan Qansuh. This marked the end of Mamluk control of the Middle East that eventually passed to the Ottomans. Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri himself fell upon the field and his head was carried to the Conqueror.

paragraph: Accounts however vary to how he met his end. It is said that Khayr Baig spread report of his death to precipitate the Egyptian flight. According to some the Sultan was found alive on the field, and his head cut off and buried to prevent its falling into the enemy's hands. The Ottoman account is that he was beheaded by a Turk whom Sultan Selim I would have put to death, but afterwards pardoned.

paragraph: Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri had reigned a little more than 15 years. Of his private life and domestic administration we know but little, for as we reach the later years of the Mamluk Sultanate, details become too scanty for a judgment. He could, as we have seen, be cruel and extortionate, but so far as our information goes, there is less to say against him than against most of the previous Sultans.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wikala of Al-Ghuri

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mameluke; Or, Slave Dynasty of Egypt, 1260–1517, A. D." - by William Muir

alias:
Al-Ashraf Qansuh Al-Ghawri
Qansuh al-Ghawri

description: Ruler of Egypt

wikidata_label: Al-Ashraf Qansuh Al-Ghuri

wikipedia_title: Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri


text:
King Ferdinand I
Barcelona
John II of Aragon
Juana Enríquez
Ferdinand I of Naples
Alfonso V of Aragon
Navarre
ratified
gold florins
Sorrento
Theano
Isernia
Teramo
Sulmona
Francavilla
Nocera
ducat
Alfonso, Duke of Calabria
Pope Alexander VI
Pope Innocent VIII
Cardinal Giulio della Rovere
Abruzzo
L'Aquila
queen dowager
Old Italian
Lieutenant General
Kingdom of Naples
Charles VIII of France
Ferdinand II of Naples
malaria
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Prince Frederick
Aversa
Isabella del Balzo
Joanna of Naples
Ferdinand II of Naples
typhus

categories: 15th-century French women,16th-century French women,Royal consorts of Naples,1517 deaths,Aragonese infantas,People from Barcelona,16th-century Spanish women,15th-century Spanish women,16th-century Spanish people,Crown of Aragon,15th-century French people,1454 births,House of Trastámara,15th-century Spanish people

paragraph: Joanna of Aragon, Queen of Naples

paragraph: Joanna of Aragon (, ; 16 June 1455 – 9 January 1517) was Queen of Naples as the second wife of King Ferdinand I.

paragraph: Born in Barcelona, Joanna was the second child of John II of Aragon by his second wife, Juana Enríquez, and his youngest legitimate child.

paragraph: Section::::Queenship.

paragraph: King Ferdinand I of Naples, an illegitimate son of her uncle Alfonso V of Aragon, asked Joanna's hand in marriage from John II and he accepted. After the wedding on September 14, the contract was signed in Navarre, on 5 October 1476 and the agreement was ratified on November 25. John II gave his daughter a dowry of 100,000 gold florins and Ferdinand gave his new wife many duchies and/or cities, such as Sorrento, Theano, Isernia, Teramo, Sulmona, Francavilla and Nocera. He also gave her more than 20,000 ducats annually. Alfonso, Duke of Calabria, eldest son of the king from his first marriage, sailed to Spain on 11 June 1477 in order to bring Joanna to Naples. She arrived on 1 September 1477. The formal wedding, with both the bride and groom present, took place on 14 September 1477 and was officiated by Rodrigo Borgia, the future Pope Alexander VI. Their first child was born in 1479 and another child arrived in 1480.

paragraph: Joanna showed a tendency to resolve political affairs. In August 1485, she started to randomly journey through Italy, probably to ensure loyalty to her husband in the wake of rebellions led by Baron Antonello Sanseverino and supported by Pope Innocent VIII and Cardinal Giulio della Rovere. A few years later, after the conspiracy was suppressed, Joanna returned to Abruzzo, accompanied by her daughter Joanna. They visited most of the monasteries in L'Aquila that year.

paragraph: Section::::Queen Dowager.

paragraph: On 25 January 1494, Ferdinand I died aged 71. He was succeeded by his eldest son Alfonso, and step-son of Joanna, who became queen dowager. From this point on, Joanna signed every letter with the phrase "the sad queen" (Old Italian: "la triste reyna"). Because of the grief, she did not even attend her step-son's coronation on 8 May 1494. In return, Alfonso gave his step-mother the position of Lieutenant General of the Kingdom of Naples.

paragraph: Meanwhile, King Charles VIII of France was about to conquer Naples. Doing the last desperate thing he could, Alfonso II abdicated in favour of his son, who became Ferdinand II of Naples. However, before he left, he advised his son to take the advice of the queen dowager in consideration and never do anything to upset her. When Charles VIII was about to enter Sicily, Ferdinand II took Joanna and her daughter Joanna (who was also to be his wife) and left. After their return on 13 October 1495, Joanna arranged a marriage between her daughter Joanna and King Ferdinand II. They were married on 28 February 1496. However Ferdinand II died of malaria in October of the same year and Joanna was left a childless widow aged seventeen. By now, the young Joanna also signed every letter with "the sad queen".

paragraph: Joanna tried to suggest her brother, King Ferdinand II of Aragon as the rightful King of Naples, but a younger step-son from Ferdinand I's first marriage, Prince Frederick, was chosen. Initially, the new king's relationship with Joanna was quite cold. In fact, when Frederick's reign began, Joanna resigned her position as lieutenant general and expressed her desire to move to Aversa. After a year of absence, she returned from Aversa and regained her position as lieutenant general. But, she once again found differences, this time with Isabella del Balzo, Frederick's wife. She did not attend Frederick's coronation.

paragraph: After they were once again banished from the kingdom, Joanna and her daughter Joanna returned to Naples, where Joanna died following a short illness on 9 January 1517. Her daughter Joanna died the following year from the same illness.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: With her husband, Joanna had two children, one of whom survived childhood:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joanna of Naples (20 April 147927 August 1518), who married her half-nephew, King Ferdinand II of Naples but had no children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles of Naples (, ; 148026 October 1486), died aged six of typhus.

description: Queen consort of Naples

wikidata_label: Joanna of Aragon, Queen of Naples

wikipedia_title: Joanna of Aragon, Queen of Naples


text: Venice

text: Stuttgart

text: botanist

text: phycologist

text: zoologist

text: Eduard von Martens

text: University of Tübingen

text: Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer

text: astronomer

text: Ulm

text: Austria

text: Gustav Schübler

text: Württemberg

text: algae

text: red algae

text: Martensia

text: Delesseriaceae

text: Carl Albert Kemmler

text: Hohenzollern

text: seaweed

categories: 1872 deaths,University of Tübingen alumni,German botanists,People from Venice,German phycologists,1788 births

paragraph: Georg Matthias von Martens

paragraph: George Matthias von Martens (12 June 1788, Venice – 24 February 1872, Stuttgart) was a German lawyer, botanist and phycologist. He was the father of zoologist Eduard von Martens (1831-1904).

paragraph: He studied law at the University of Tübingen, where he also attended lectures by naturalist Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer and astronomer Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger. From 1818 to 1821 he worked in Ulm, afterwards being based in Stuttgart, where in 1829 he became an official interpreter for Italian, Spanish and Portuguese at the Ministry of Justice and the Interior. From 1836 onward, he held the title of councilor.

paragraph: As a botanist, he collected specimens from southern Germany, Austria and northern Italy. In 1832, with Gustav Schübler, he conducted botanical investigations in southeastern Württemberg. His European collections subsequently became part of the "Naturaliencabinet" in Stuttgart. He is also known for his studies of freshwater and marine algae, especially species native to eastern Asia. In 1862 he received an honorary degree in sciences from the University of Tübingen.

paragraph: In 1841 the red algae genus "Martensia" (family Delesseriaceae) was named in his honor.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reise nach Venedig", 1824 – Journey to Venice.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flora von Würtemberg" (with Gustav Schübler), 1834 – Flora of Würtemberg.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flora von Württemberg und Hohenzollern", (with Carl Albert Kemmler 1813–1888), 1865 – Flora of Württemberg and Hohenzollern.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Preussiche expedition nach Ost-Asien [1860-1862] Nach amtlichen quellen", (with Eduard von Martens and Albert Berg) 1864–1873 – The Prussian expedition to East Asia (1860–62) according to official sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Preussische expedition nach Ost-Asien : nach amtlichen quellen. Botanischer Theil. Die Tange", 1866 – The Prussian expedition to East Asia, according to official sources. Botanical part: seaweed.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Notes on Some Japanese Algae", 1870 (with Sulpiz Kurz, published in English).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Algae Brasilienses circa Rio de Janeiro a clar. A. Glaziou", 1871.

description: German botanist

wikidata_label: George Matthias von Martens

wikipedia_title: Georg Matthias von Martens


text: Amra

text: nagarvadhu

text: courtesan

text: Vaishali

text: India

text: Buddha

text: arahant

text: Pali

text: Buddhist

text: Sutta

text: Jataka Tales

text: Etymologically

text: Sanskrit

text: mango

text: Vaishali

text: feudal

text: Muzaffarpur

text: Lichchavi clan

text: Nagarvadhu

text: Vaishali

text: "karshapanas"

text: Bimbisara

text: Magadha

text: Ajatashatru

text: Supriya Devi

text: Asit Baran

text: Amrapali

text: Vyjayanthimala

text: Sunil Dutt

text: Hema Malini

text: Hridaynath Mangeshkar

text: Ravindra Jain

text: Vaishali

text: Hindi

text: Acharya Chatursen

text: English

text: Anurag Anand

text: Amrapali

text: DD National

text: Nagarvadhu

text: Buddha (TV series)

text: Fa-Hien

text: Upagupta

text: List of Amar Chitra Katha comics

text: Amar Chitra Katha

text: Vasavadatta

text: Acharya Chatursen

text: Amrapali DD1 serial 1st episode-2002

categories: Ancient Indian women,Indian courtesans,Disciples of Gautama Buddha,Indian Buddhists,Indian Buddhist nuns,Year of birth unknown,5th-century BC people,Year of death unknown

paragraph: Amrapali

paragraph: Āmrapālī, also known as "Ambapālika" ,"Ambapali","or ""Amra"" was a celebrated "nagarvadhu" (royal courtesan) of the republic of Vaishali (located in present-day Bihar) in ancient India around 500 BC. Following the Buddha's teachings, she became an arahant. She is mentioned in the old Pali texts and Buddhist traditions, particularly in conjunction with the Buddha staying at her mango grove, "Ambapali vana", which she later donated to his order and wherein he preached the famous "Ambapalika Sutta". The legend of Amrapali originated in the Buddhist Jataka Tales some 1500 years ago.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Amrapali was born around 600-500 BCE, to Mahanama & an unknown mother. Etymologically, the variants on her name derive from a combination of two Sanskrit words: "amra", meaning mango, and "pallawa", meaning young leaves or sprouts. It is said that she was spontaneously born at the foot of a mango tree in one of the royal gardens in Vaishali — hence her name.

paragraph: Even as a young maiden, Amrapali was exceptionally beautiful. It is said that a feudal lord by the name of Mahanaman was so enchanted by the young Amrapali's looks that he abandoned his kingdom and moved to Ambara village, a small hamlet in Vaishali presently in Muzaffarpur.

paragraph: Section::::As a courtesan.

paragraph: Vaishali was the capital city of the Lichchavi clan, one of the eight Khattiya (Sanskrit "Kshatriya") clans that had united to form the Vajjian confederacy. The king was elected by an electoral college consisting of princes and nobles from the Kshatriya clans. It was customary that the most beautiful women in the land, rather than marrying one man, dedicated themselves to the pleasure of many.

paragraph: Amrapali grew up to be a lady of extraordinary charm and grace, and was talented in many art forms. Many young nobles desired her company. When Manudev, king of Vaishali, saw Amrapali's perform a dance in the city, he plotted to "own" her. He murdered Amrapali's childhood love and would-be-groom, Pushpakumar, on the day of their wedding, and afterwards made an official announcement declaring Amrapali as the 'bride' of Vaishali — i.e. the "Nagarvadhu", the royal courtesan. She was also bestowed with the title of "Vaishali Janpad Kalayani", given to the most beautiful and talented girl of the kingdom for a period of seven years. Amrapali had the right to choose her lovers, but according to the aforementioned custom, she could not be committed to any one man.

paragraph: After being conferred the title of "Nagarvadhu", Amrapali also became the "Rajanartiki" or court dancer. Her talent and beauty attracted so many men that the glory of Vaishali during this period is often attributed to Amrapali's fame. Amrapali's price was fifty "karshapanas" per night, and her treasury grew much larger than the treasuries of some kings.

paragraph: Section::::Legends associated with Amrapali.:Amrapali and Bimbisara.

paragraph: Stories of her beauty travelled to the ears of Bimbisara, king of the hostile neighbouring kingdom of Magadha. He attacked Vaishali, and took refuge in Amrapali's house. Bimbisara was a good musician. Before long, Amrapali and Bimbisara fell in love. When she learned his true identity, Amrapali asked Bimbisara to leave and cease his war. Bimbisara, smitten with love, did as she asked. In the eyes of the people of Vaishali, this incident made him a coward. Later, Amrapali bore him a son named Vimala Kondanna.

paragraph: Ajatashatru, Bimbisara's son by Queen Chelna (according to Jaina traditions) or Queen Kosala Devi (according to Buddhist traditions), later invaded Vaishali due to a dispute with his brothers. He was so moved by her beauty that when Amrapali was imprisoned, he burned the whole of Vaishali. Almost everyone died in the massacre, except his beloved Amrapali, but when she saw the condition of her motherland, she renounced her love for him.

paragraph: Section::::Legends associated with Amrapali.:Amrapali and the Buddha.

paragraph: In Buddhist records, Amrapali is noted as having had the opportunity to serve food to the Buddha during his last visit to Vaishali, shortly before his death. Amrapali attended his sermon at a nearby grove and was so deeply moved by it that she invited him for a meal at her quarters. In other accounts, it is stated that the Buddha himself took shelter in her mango groves and was visited by Amrapali who paid her obeisance to him and then extended the invitation. He consented to her proposal with silence. On her way back, her chariot collided with that of the princely nobles of Vaishali who were also heading to invite the Buddha to dine with them. They berate her by calling her a 'mango-woman' and ask her, a woman of ill repute, to move aside and let her superiors pass. It is then that she announces that the Buddha was coming to her house for a meal. The princes were upset and offered her gold in return of the privilege of hosting the Buddha but she refuses. Buddha also turns them down, having already committed to Amrapali.

paragraph: Buddha recognised her beauty and advised his disciples to be mindful in her presence lest they become infatuated with her. Amrapali received the Buddha with her retinue in her grand residence which had been specially decorated for the occasion. It was no less than the palace of any king; such was the wealth she commanded. At the conclusion of the meal, she offered to the Buddha and his order her entire property including her groves which became the venue for several sermons on mindfulness. Soon thereafter, she renounced her position as courtesan, accepted the Buddhist way, and remained an active supporter of the Buddhist order. She dedicated her life to the service of the poor and the destitutes.

paragraph: On growing up, Amrapali's son, Vimala Kondanna also became a Buddhist monk and a renowned elder.

paragraph: Section::::Attitudes towards courtesans in scriptures.

paragraph: The story of Amrapali is significant for understanding contemporary attitudes of courtesans. Though she received much fame as a talented artist, she was also berated by the noble princes of Vaishali by calling her 'ganika' (i.e.prostitute) which carried derogatory connotations. However, unlike them, Buddha did not share that kind of prejudice towards her. He ate at her residence and accepted her grove for the Buddhist order. This is often quoted as an example for his unbiased regard towards women. However, what has been noticed is that with the passage of time and as the Therigatha was collated, this bias also entered the Buddhist fold.

paragraph: Amrapali's possible alliance with Bimbisara has also survived mainly through an oral tradition and has not found its way into the Pali canon of Buddhism. This is because Bimbisara was a great royal patron of Buddhism and his links with Amrapali may throw a negative light on him. Amrapali's mention in the canon also focuses mostly on the later part of her life when she converted to Buddhism.

paragraph: However, records of Chinese travellers who came to India in search of Buddhist texts have made note of Amrapali's early life and her relationship with Bimbisara. The latter is found in the Chinese Recension of the Buddhist tripitaka. This narrative has been written in the Mahayana tradition and therefore did not have the onus of representing Bimbisara in a positive light. Hence, their relationship is highlighted.

paragraph: A third set of scriptures which refer to the story of Amrapali, and do so most elaborately, come from the Gilgit area of Kashmir and are therefore known as the Gilgit Manuscripts. These are the Tibetan-Sanskrit scriptures of the Mulasarvastivada branch of Buddhism which hold her in high esteem. However, the negative connotation of being a courtesan is still present. Thus, the cultural memory of a courtesan shows a complex pattern, varying across time and place.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amrapali has been the subject of three biographical films: "Amrapali" (1945) starring Sabita Devi, Jagdish Sethi, Prem Adeeb, "Amrapali" (1959) starring Supriya Devi as Amrapali and Asit Baran as King Ajatshatru, and "Amrapali" (1966), starring Vyjayanthimala as Amrapali and Sunil Dutt as King Ajatshatru.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bollywood actress Hema Malini produced, directed, and starred in a television series called "Women of India", which depicted the story of Amrapali. The music for the Amrapali segment of the series was composed by Hridaynath Mangeshkar and with Ravindra Jain.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amrapali has been the subject of various books, including "Vaishali Ki Nagarvadhu," a 1948 Hindi novel by Acharya Chatursen, and "Ambapali", a 1962 novel by Vimala Raina. A recent work in English, "The Legend of Amrapali: An Enchanting Saga Buried Within the Sands of Time", was completed by author Anurag Anand in 2012.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A television series, Amrapali, was telecast on DD National in 2002.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nagarvadhu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buddha (TV series)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fa-Hien

paragraph: BULLET::::- Upagupta

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Amar Chitra Katha comics

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amar Chitra Katha

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vasavadatta

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vyasa & Vigneswara Malayalam Novel written by Anand

paragraph: BULLET::::- Novel: "Vaishali ki Nagarvadhu" by Acharya Chatursen, 1948

paragraph: BULLET::::- Khuddaka Nikaya, part 9 (Therigatha) Canto 13

paragraph: BULLET::::- Digha Nikaya 16 (Mahaparinibbanasutta - part 2, 16-26)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malalasekera: Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names (s.v.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Legend of Amrapali by Anurag Anand

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rev. Osho - A story on Buddha and Amrapali

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ambapālī (Ambapālikā) in Buddhist Dictionary of Pali names

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amrapali DD1 serial 1st episode-2002

description: Royal courtesan

wikidata_label: Ambapali

wikipedia_title: Amrapali


text:
The Hague
South Holland
field hockey
The Netherlands
Summer Olympics
Los Angeles (1984)
Seoul (1988)
California
South Korea
Australia
Ties
Hans
Roepie
HC Klein Zwitserland
EuroHockey Nations Championship
Dutch Hockey Federation

categories: Field hockey players at the 1988 Summer Olympics,Olympic field hockey players of the Netherlands,Field hockey players at the 1984 Summer Olympics,Olympic medalists in field hockey,1961 births,Dutch male field hockey players,Olympic bronze medalists for the Netherlands,Sportspeople from The Hague,Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics,Living people

paragraph: Hidde Kruize

paragraph: Jan Hidde Kruize (born September 30, 1961 in The Hague, South Holland) is a former field hockey player from The Netherlands, who participated in two Summer Olympics: in Los Angeles (1984) and in Seoul (1988). He ended up in sixth place in California with the Dutch National Men's Team, and won the bronze medal in South Korea, after defeating Australia (2–1) in the Bronze Medal Game.

paragraph: Just like his brothers Ties and Hans, and his father Roepie, Kruize played club hockey for HC Klein Zwitserland from The Hague. The striker earned a total number of 95 caps, scoring 31 goals, in the years 1982–1990. He was part of the Dutch team that won the 1983 EuroHockey Nations Championship and scored 4 goals.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dutch Hockey Federation

description: field hockey player

wikidata_label: Hidde Kruize

wikipedia_title: Hidde Kruize


text:
Mongolian
Khitan
Liao Dynasty
Mongol Empire
Confucian
Genghis Khan
Mongol conquests
North China
Ögedei
Buddhist scriptures
Taoism
Genghis Khan
Yelü Lu
Jin dynasty
Southern Song
Jin dynasty
Ordos
Jin
Grousset
Ögedei
Northern China
Kaifeng
Kunming Lake
Cultural Revolution
Khitan language
Khitan scripts
Temple of Azure Clouds
Biography on Bookrags.com
Biography on ColdSiberia.org

categories: 1244 deaths,Khitan history,Politicians from Beijing,Last known speakers of a language,1190 births,Yuan dynasty politicians

paragraph: Yelü Chucai

paragraph: Yelü Chucai (Yeh-lu Chu-tsai; ; Mongolian: Urtu Saqal, 吾圖撒合里, "long beard"; the components of his name also variously spelt Yeh-Lu, Ye Liu, Yeliu, Chutsai, Ch'u-Ts'ai, etc.) (July 24, 1190 - June 20, 1244) was a statesman of Khitan ethnicity with royal family lineage to the Liao Dynasty, who became a vigorous adviser and administrator of the early Mongol Empire in the Confucian tradition. He was the first of Genghis Khan's retainers to formulate policy during the Mongol conquests, and he also introduced many administrative reforms in North China during the reign of Genghis Khan and his successor Ögedei.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Yelü Chucai was a Confucian scholar who was born close to Beijing, during the Jin dynasty. Well versed in Buddhist scriptures and a practitioner in Taoism, Yelü Chucai has become best known for his service as the chief adviser to Genghis Khan. Yelü Chucai's father Yelü Lu, served with the Jurchen Jin dynasty, which defeated the Liao Dynasty in 1125. When the unified Mongolian army under Genghis Khan began a war of conquest against the Jin dynasty in 1211, both Jurchen and Khitan rebels joined the Mongols in the fight against the Jin dynasty. Yelü Chucai then joined Genghis Khan's administration in the year 1218 at the age of 28.

paragraph: The Khitans and Mongols, as well as the Southern Song, were united by their common enemy in the Jurchen Jin dynasty. This is shown in the well-known words spoken by Genghis Khan, when at the end of July, he met Yelü Chucai for the first time at Ordos in the Sāri Steppe (west of the great bend of the Kerulen River): "Liao and Jin have been enemies for generations; I have taken revenge for you." To which Yelü Chucai replied, "My father and grandfather have both respectfully served the Jin. How can I, as a subject and a son, be so insincere in heart as to consider my sovereign and my father as enemies?" The Mongol is said to have been impressed by this frank reply, as well as by Yelü Chucai’s looks (he was a very tall man with a magnificent beard reaching to his waist) and sonorous voice. He gave him the nickname "Urtu Saqal" (Long Beard) and placed him in his retinue as an adviser. Because he was experienced in writing and knew the laws of other settled societies, Yelü Chucai was useful to the Empire.

paragraph: He did his best to convince the Mongols to tax rather than slaughter conquered peoples. In Grousset's "Empire of the Steppes," it is reported that Ögedei would mock him, asking "Are you going to weep for the people again?". The wise chancellor had the great words to temper the barbaric leanings of Mongol practices, stating to Genghis Khan's son and successor to the throne, that while empires may be conquered on horseback, they could not be ruled on horseback. Yelü Chucai used his office to save other fellow Confucian scholars from punishment and mistreatment by Mongol rulers. He also helped them gain offices as bureaucrats and tutors to the Mongol princes.

paragraph: While Northern China was capitulating to the Mongol onslaught, Yelü Chucai instituted several administrative reforms, like separating civil and military powers and introducing numerous taxes and levies. In response to the tough resistance the Mongol army faced while trying to conquer the Jurchen Jin's southern capital of Kaifeng, some Mongol officers in high command recommended the complete razing of Kaifeng and the deaths of all its occupants. But Yelü Chucai convinced Genghis Khan to rule and tax the people, and make use of their extraordinary talents instead of killing all of them in order to further their own riches. He was six-foot eight-inches tall and had a waist-length beard. He was buried by Kunming Lake in Beijing, and a temple constructed in his memory stood until 1966, when it was razed during the looting of the Summer Palace by communist Red Guards as part of the Cultural Revolution. Yelü Chucai was the last recorded person to be able to speak the Khitan language and read and write the Khitan scripts.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Temple of Azure Clouds

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography on Bookrags.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography on ColdSiberia.org

alias:
Yelv Chucai
Jinqing
Zhanran jushi
Wenzheng

description: adviser to Genghis Khan

wikidata_label: Yelü Chucai

wikipedia_title: Yelü Chucai


text: Göttingen

text: Naples

text: L'Hortus Camaldulensis di Napoli

text: Eucalyptus camaldulensis

text: Allan Cunningham

text: Condobolin

text: Natural History Museum

text: Ferdinand von Mueller

text: Tommaso Giordano

text: English Cemetery in Naples

text: "Encyclopaedia of Australian Science"

categories: 1787 births,German emigrants to Italy,German botanists

paragraph: Friedrich Dehnhardt

paragraph: Friedrich Dehnhardt (22 September 1787, Buhle nr Göttingen - 1 May 1870, Naples) was chief gardener of "L'Hortus Camaldulensis di Napoli", or the Camaldoli gardens in Naples belonging to , Count of Camaldoli. It was from these gardens that Dehnhardt described the type specimen of "Eucalyptus camaldulensis" in 1832, grown from seed sent by the botanist Allan Cunningham after a collecting trip in 1817 to Condobolin in New South Wales. These trees in Naples were cut down in the 1920s, suffering the same fate as the botanical description which remained lost for the best part of a century, only resurfacing in 1920.

paragraph: Dehnhardt's collection of botanical specimens is housed in the Natural History Museum of Vienna in Austria. These early 19th century records of "Eucalyptus" species in Europe predate Ferdinand von Mueller's promotion of the genus. The park of Capodimonte, which is the main green lung of Naples, was landscaped by Dehnhardt in about 1840 with the masonry work being done by the Royal Site Architect Tommaso Giordano. Dehnhardt's grave is located in the English Cemetery in Naples.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catalogus Plantarum Horti Camaldulensis" (1st edition 1829, 2nd edition 1832)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Encyclopaedia of Australian Science"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Note on Eucalyptus linearis, Dehnhardt"

description: German botanist

wikidata_label: Friedrich Dehnhardt

wikipedia_title: Friedrich Dehnhardt


text:
Brześć nad Bugiem
Białystok
Poland
Polish Jew
Białystok Ghetto
German occupation of Poland
World War II
ghetto
SS-Soldiers
Gestapo
Mordechaj Tenenbaum
Słonim

paragraph: Icchok Malmed

paragraph: Icchok Malmed (; born 1903 in Brześć nad Bugiem - 8 February 1943 in Białystok, Poland) was a Polish Jew and fighter of the Białystok Ghetto during the German occupation of Poland in World War II.

paragraph: On January 1943 German soldiers started the liquidation of the ghetto in Białystok. When they attacked the house at ul. Kupiecka 29 (Kupiecka Street), rounding up all of its residents into the street, Malmed threw acid in the face of one the SS-Soldiers. The sightless German fired his gun several times, hitting another SS-Soldier, killing him. In the melee Malmed managed to escape. For revenge Germans shot with machine guns one hundred men, women and children living in the area where the incident occurred.

paragraph: The Gestapo commander Friedl issued an ultimatum for Malmed to surrender within 24 hours. Failing that, the entire ghetto would be destroyed. Malmed surrendered himself to the Germans.

paragraph: Mordechaj Tenenbaum described in his diary Malmed’s courage. Asked why he killed the German soldier, he replied: “"I hate you. I regret I only killed one. Before my eyes my parents were murdered. Ten thousand Jews in Słonim were liquidated before me. I have no regrets."” Malmed was tortured and on the next day hanged near the square where the incident occurred. Germans soldiers riddled Malmed’s corpse with bullets after the rope broke and the body fell to the earth and re-hanged it for another 48 hours.

paragraph: Malmed is considered as "Hero of the Białystok Ghetto", the ul. Kupiecka was renamed after the war in ul. Malmeda (Malmed Street).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.uczyc-sie-z-historii.pl/resmedia/document/up200509/Bialystok-1.doc

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://yizkor.nypl.org/index.php?id=2975 "דער ביאַליסטאָקער יזכּור־בוך"

description: Polish resistance fighter

wikidata_label: Icchok Malmed

wikipedia_title: Icchok Malmed


text: SJ

text: Bovalino Superiore

text: Hirado

text: Italian

text: soldier

text: law student

text: Jesuit

text: Roman Catholic

text: martyr

text: Jesuit Order

text: Sakai

text: Macau

text: Tokugawa shogunate

text: sakoku

text: Hirado

text: Pope Pius IX

categories: Italian Jesuits,Italian Roman Catholic missionaries,Roman Catholic missionaries in Japan,People executed by Japan by burning,Italian people executed abroad,1622 deaths,Italian soldiers,1571 births,Jesuit missionaries,17th-century Roman Catholic martyrs,Jesuit martyrs

paragraph: Camillus Costanzo

paragraph: Camillus Costanzo SJ (Bovalino Superiore, 1571 – Hirado, Japan 15 September 1622) was an Italian soldier, law student and Jesuit missionary in Japan. When he was burned alive in 1622, he became a Roman Catholic martyr.

paragraph: Section::::Missionary.

paragraph: The Jesuit Order sent Father Costanzo to China; but the Portuguese prevented his entrance into that country.

paragraph: Instead, his energy and calling were invested in Japan. He learned the Japanese language quickly; and he successfully encouraged converts in the region near the city of Sakai.

paragraph: When all missionaries were banished from Japan, he went to Macau.

paragraph: Despite the dangers involved in ignoring the Tokugawa shogunate's exclusionary laws ("sakoku"), he returned in 1621. Disguised as a soldier, he managed to elude capture until April 24, 1622 when he was arrested on the island of Hirado off the western coast of Kyushu.

paragraph: He was condemned to death and was burned alive on September 15, 1622.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification.

paragraph: Father Costanzo was beatified by Pope Pius IX on May 7, 1867.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Merrick, D. A. (1891). "Saints of the Society of Jesus." New York: Benziger.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tylenda, Joseph N. (1998). "Jesuit Saints & Martyrs: Short Biographies of the Saints, Blessed, Venerables, and Servants of God of the Society of Jesus." Chicago: Jesuit Way. ;

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Society of Jesus web site: Blessed Camillus Costanzo, Martyr of Japan

description: Italian Jesuit missionary

wikidata_label: Camillus Costanzo

wikipedia_title: Camillus Costanzo


text: Official Website

categories: Brazilian Seventh-day Adventists,1976 births,21st-century Brazilian singers,Brazilian female singers,People from Canoas,Brazilian gospel singers,Living people

paragraph: Fernanda Lara

paragraph: Fernanda Arcevenco Lara (Canoas, August 24, 1976) is a Brazilian musician. She graduated from Ulbra/Rio Grande do Sul University Brazil with a degree in physiotherapy, although she has been working in the field of gospel music since 1994. Presently she is studying pharmacy.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: She composes and designs her songs in her own studio. Lara is married to composer, producer and musical arranger, maestro and pianist Giordani Vidal, and since 1997 they have been researching a different gospel music style, mixing biblical instruments and ancient cultures sounds with modern techniques and instruments. Gregorian chants, great Highland bagpipes, bagpipes, Taikos (medieval percussion), Duduks (a sort of flute from Armenia), and rabecas (rustic violins) are present in her music, redesigning it to her style of contemporary Christian music, which is unique in her country and in Latin America. Nowadays her music is sung by soloists and congregations in several churches and Christian communities, and is played on Christian AM and FM radios in Brazil and abroad.

paragraph: In 2004 Fernanda Lara was invited by Tom Gomes from the prize board located on Los Angeles/USA to join the Latin Grammy academy.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and nominations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 – Fernanda Lara was nominated for the Latin Grammy, which took place on the Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles for her album "Livre Para Amar" (Free to Love). Christian Music Category

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 – 2 awards on the Troféu Talento appraising – Best Vocal/Musical arrangement and Best CD. (Very important recognition for Latin American gospel music)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 – Nominated to the Troféu Talento – Best Gospel Music Website.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 – Nominated to the Troféu Talento – Best Vocal/Music arrangement

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 – Awarded as "Destaque Musical de Canoas" (City of Canoas Musical Distinguish) by the city hall, in appreciation and recognition of her musical importance and cultural contribution to the city and to the Rio Grande do Sul state.

paragraph: Section::::DVD.

paragraph: BULLET::::- DVD – 15 Anos da Gravadora Line Records (DVD commemorativo). (15 Years of the Line Records Studio) (Commemorative DVD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Águas do Trono" (Throne Waters) musical video clip.

paragraph: BULLET::::- DVD – Mutirão de Natal do Rio Grande do Sul (Rio Grande do Sul's Christmas mobilization), singing "Toque de Poder" (Touch of Power) and the Rio Grande do Sul official hymn.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website

description: Brazilian singer

wikidata_label: Fernanda Lara

wikipedia_title: Fernanda Lara


text: A Place Where We Could Go

text: Slow Dance

text: Morrissey

text: Belle and Sebastian

text: Los Angeles

text: Portland

text: K Records

text: Airwalker

text: Siouxsie and the Banshees

text: Lunar Camel

text: Blondie

text: Pitchfork

text: A Place Where We Could Go

text: Allmusic

text: Gene Vincent

text: Buddy Holly

text: Morrissey

text: Alan Vega

text: Griffith Park Observatory

text: The Fader

text: Slow Dance

text: Primavera Festival

text: The Guardian

text: Jonathan Richman

text: Splash

text: Pavement

text: Evol

text: Sonic Youth

text: Siouxsie Sioux

text: NME

text: Jardin du Luxembourg

text: Dream Diary

text: Belle and Sebastian

text: Grand Central

text: Abandoned Apartments

text: SoundCloud

text: Bandcamp

text: A Place Where We Could Go

text: Slow Dance

text: Splash

text: Dream Diary

text: Abandoned Apartments

text: Airwalker

text: Into the Groove

text: Belle Épine

text: Grand Central

text: Official site

text: Soundcloud Jeremy Jay official

categories: American male singer-songwriters,American indie rock musicians,American singer-songwriters,Living people

paragraph: Jeremy Jay

paragraph: Jeremy Jay (Jeremy C. Shaules) is an alternative pop American musician and singer-songwriter. He has released five critically acclaimed studio albums, including his debut album "A Place Where We Could Go" in 2008 and "Slow Dance" in 2009. His music has been compared to that of Morrissey and Belle and Sebastian.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Jay was born in Chula Vista, CA, on January 22, 1963 and was a resident of Los Angeles for over four decades. Upon relocating to Portland he met Calvin Johnson, producer and founder of K Records. Johnson was immediately interested in the music of Jay who had already released a self-produced maxi single, "Dreamland", only containing instrumental pieces.

paragraph: His first release on K records, the "Airwalker" EP, appeared in 2007. It included a cover of the Siouxsie and the Banshees song "Lunar Camel" and a version of Blondie's "Angels on the Balcony". The EP was described by "Pitchfork" as a "cryptic, compelling short" with "half-crooned, half-spoken vocals into a bed of interlocking guitars, rigid beats, and analogue synths, creating an air of mystery out of disconnected images."

paragraph: Jay's first full-length, "A Place Where We Could Go", followed in 2008. It was recorded in Olympia, Washington at Dub Narcotic studios. Allmusic described his singing as a mix of Gene Vincent, Buddy Holly, Morrissey and Alan Vega.

paragraph: A video for "Beautiful Rebel" directed by Austin Lovell was shot at the Griffith Park Observatory in Los Angeles. A video for "Heavenly Creatures" directed by Bryce Kass of Daft Arts was hailed by "The Fader".

paragraph: In 2009, Jay released "Slow Dance", which was critically acclaimed by "Pitchfork" for its "frail ingeniousness" with "a warm inviting space". To promote the release, he embarked on a tour throughout the year, including dates at the Primavera Festival. "The Guardian" wrote that Jay's "biggest asset" is songs that "appear to come unpremeditated from his heart" like Jonathan Richman. Critic James Robinson added, "In a world where we've become suspicious of singer-songwriters, Jay gives us reason to keep the faith". After playing in the UK, Jay moved to London and started working on new material.

paragraph: In 2010, Jay described his third album, "Splash", as "Pavement meets "Evol"-era Sonic Youth played by Siouxsie Sioux." "NME" welcomed tracks like "As You Look over the City" and "Hologram Feather" and the "jaunty" single "Just Dial my Number". The cover image of "Splash" showed him at Jardin du Luxembourg in Paris. The record was released at the end of May. A tour was later cancelled due to health problems.

paragraph: In the spring of 2011, Jay returned with the album "Dream Diary", which was a mix of indie-pop and alt-rock. The result was compared to Scottish band Belle and Sebastian. Jay financed the album entirely on his own for the first time, to spend more time on the mixing; the two previous albums had been recorded with full support of K Records.

paragraph: In 2013, Jay composed the song "Ghost Tracks" for the soundtrack of the film "Grand Central".

paragraph: 2014's "Abandoned Apartments" got a four-star review on Allmusic for its "dreamy surrealism and crisp-edged pop". Its title evokes an time when Jay was 20 years old and was looking for empty buildings in Portland to settle.

paragraph: After releasing this album, Jay worked as a producer on Spanish singer Bigott's album, "Pavement Tree". He then collaborated with other musicians. In November, he formed the band Dyspotian Violet with several musicians including bassist Frank Wright; Jay was on vocals. They released three songs, including "The Mask", via SoundCloud.

paragraph: The band then changed its name to Invisible Foxx. In March and April 2015, Jay recorded with them. In May, Invisible Foxx released their album online, "Monitor Mixx", via Bandcamp:

paragraph: After these collaborations, a few new tracks by Jay were released on digital download via Mystery at the end of that year.

paragraph: In 2017, he performed at the Primavera Sound festival in Barcelona.

paragraph: In May 2018, Jay released the album "Demons" via Spanish label "El Segell Del Primavera" : "Demons" featured ten tracks and was also issued on Vinyl LP.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Place Where We Could Go" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Slow Dance" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Splash" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dream Diary" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Abandoned Apartments" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Demons" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles and EPs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dreamland" (EP), 22 May 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Airwalker" (EP), 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We were There" (7"), 4 September 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love Everlasting" (vinyl, four songs), 20 January 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Breaking the Ice" (7"), 8 September 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Just Dial my Number" (7" 45 rpm on Sexbeat label), 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Into the Groove" (digital download), 11 October 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Covered in Ivy" b/w "Situations Said" (digital download), 20 August 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sentimental Expressway" b/w "Later that Night" (digital download), 1 October 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hallways and Splattered Paintings" b/w "Window Painted Black" (digital download), 7 August 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- "High Note" (digital download), 10-2-2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Demons" (digital download), 7 April 2017

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Other appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prudence" (for the soundtrack of "Belle Épine") (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ghost Tracks" (for the soundtrack of "Grand Central") (2013)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Demons" 2018 LP available on vinyl via the official label Mysterysection

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeremy Jay's vinyls and cds available online on K Records website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soundcloud Jeremy Jay official

paragraph: BULLET::::- Invisible Foxx (featuring Jeremy Jay) site

description: American musician and singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Jeremy Jay

wikipedia_title: Jeremy Jay


text:
Hackney
Middlesex
As You Like It
Twelfth Night
Gladys Buchanan Unger
Garrick Theatre
Garrick Theatre
Hubert Henry Davies
Joseph Coyne
Herbert Beerbohm Tree
Olivia
Twelfth Night
Portia
The Merchant of Venice
Maidenhead
Joseph Coyne
royal command performance
Money
Theatre Royal, Drury Lane
King George V
Wilhelm II, German Emperor
Empress of Germany
Bedford, Massachusetts
women's suffrage
Hasty Pudding Club
Republican National Convention of 1920
Calvin Coolidge
Macbeth
Hotel Astor
Shawsheen Cemetery
Half a Sinner
Alexandra Carlisle (1886-1936), Actress
Alexandra Carlisle
Internet Broadway Database

categories: English suffragists,English stage actresses,1936 deaths,1886 births,English film actresses

paragraph: Alexandra Carlisle

paragraph: Alexandra Carlisle (born Alexandra Elizabeth Swift, 15 January 1886 – 21 April 1936) was an English actress and suffragist who settled in the United States. She was also known in the U.S. as Alexandra Carlisle Pfeiffer, adding the name of her third husband.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in 1886 at Hackney, Middlesex, Carlisle was the daughter of Henry Swift, a schoolmaster, and his wife Alexandra.

paragraph: In 1903, she was Audrey in a stage production of "As You Like It" and Maria in "Twelfth Night". In March 1907, she played the lead in Gladys Buchanan Unger's play "Mr. Sheridan" at the Garrick Theatre. In September 1908, at the Garrick Theatre, she played the title role in Hubert Henry Davies's play "The Mollusc", with Joseph Coyne. Also in 1908, she appeared in two Shakespeare productions by Herbert Beerbohm Tree: as Olivia in "Twelfth Night" and as Portia in "The Merchant of Venice".

paragraph: In 1905, Carlisle had married Victor Herbert Miller at Maidenhead. In 1907, she petitioned for divorce, and in 1908, she married Joseph Coyne, her leading man in "The Mollusc". This marriage also ended in divorce.

paragraph: On 17 May 1911, Carlisle played the part of Georgina Vesey in a royal command performance of the play "Money" at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane for King George V, Wilhelm II, German Emperor, and the Empress of Germany.

paragraph: In 1912, in Marylebone, London, she married Albert Pfeiffer, a dental surgeon rom the U.S. from Bedford, Massachusetts. In 1914, Carlisle's mother died, and in 1915 she settled in the U.S., becoming a notable speaker for women's suffrage and for the Republican Party. By her third marriage, she had one daughter, Elizabeth Ann Pfeiffer.

paragraph: In the Spring 1920, Carlisle directed the show "Barnum Was Right" for Harvard's Hasty Pudding Club. At the Republican National Convention of 1920, she was the main speaker for Massachusetts and seconded the nomination of Calvin Coolidge as the party's candidate for vice president.

paragraph: In 1923, Carlisle's third marriage was dissolved, and she then married J. Elliot Jenkins, an American engineer. In 1934, Jenkins committed suicide. As well as taking occasional film roles, Carlisle continued to work on Broadway, including playing the role of Lady Macduff in a production of "Macbeth" in October 1935. She died of a heart attack on 21 April 1936 in the Hotel Astor in New York City, and was buried in Shawsheen Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1917: "The Tides of Fate" as Fanny Lawson

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934: "Half a Sinner" as Mrs. Mary Clarke

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexandra Carlisle (1886-1936), Actress at the National Portrait Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexandra Carlisle at the Internet Broadway Database

description: actor

wikidata_label: Alexandra Carlisle

wikipedia_title: Alexandra Carlisle


text: Kingdom of the Netherlands

text: Battle of Waterloo

text: lieutenant colonel

text: Peninsular War

text: colonel

text: French invasion of Russia

text: 1813 German Campaign

text: 1814 French Campaign

text: Fère-Champenoise

text: Paris

text: major general

text: lieutenant general

text: Kingdom of Belgium

text: Order of Leopold

text: Brussels

text: second lieutenant

text: first lieutenant

text: captain

text: Valmy

text: Jemappes

text: Battle of Neerwinden

text: Charleroi (Lambusart)

text: Fleurus

text: Crossing of the Rhine in 1795

text: Amberg

text: Limburg

text: Battle of Neuwied

text: Wars of the French Revolution

text: Army of the North

text: Army of Sambre-et-Meuse

text: Army of the Rhine

text: Arthur Dillon's

text: Pierre de Ruel, marquis de Beurnonville

text: Aldenhoven

text: Jacques Fromentin

text: Jacques Desjardin

text: Louis Charbonnier

text: Army of the Ardennes

text: Sambre

text: Grandreng

text: Erquelinnes

text: Gosselies

text: Jean-Baptiste Jourdan

text: Army of the Moselle

text: Flanders Campaign

text: Jean Etienne Championnet

text: Louis Klein

text: Battle of Würzburg

text: St. Luzisteig Pass

text: Switzerland

text: Stockach

text: Messkirch

text: Claude Lecourbe

text: Jean Victor Marie Moreau

text: Battle of Marengo

text: major

text: Légion d'Honneur

text: Battle of Austerlitz

text: Battle of Auerstadt

text: III Corps

text: Louis-Nicolas Davout

text: lieutenant colonel

text: Czarnowo

text: Golymin

text: Battle of Heilsberg

text: War of the Fifth Coalition

text: Charles Claude Jacquinot

text: Louis-Pierre Montbrun

text: Jean Lannes

text: Battle of Abensberg

text: Eckmuhl

text: Ratisbon

text: Wagram

text: Pierre Claude Pajol

text: Emmanuel Grouchy

text: Peninsular War

text: Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro

text: Pierre Watier

text: André Masséna

text: Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington

text: Blockade of Almeida

text: Jean-Baptiste Bessières

text: British 7th Division

text: colonel

text: French invasion of Russia

text: Battle of Borodino

text: Horace Sebastiani

text: II Cavalry Corps

text: Battle of Tarutino

text: Battle of Krasnoi

text: German Campaign

text: Battle of Katzbach

text: Nicolas-François Roussel d'Hurbal

text: Battle of Leipzig

text: Baron of the Empire

text: Campaign in Northeast France

text: Arcis-sur-Aube

text: Michel Ney

text: Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise

text: Imperial Guard

text: Battle of Fere-Champenoise

text: Augustin Daniel Belliard

text: Auguste de Marmont

text: Cossacks

text: Battle of Paris

text: army corps

text: Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron

text: Montmartre

text: Order of Saint Louis

text: Louis XVIII of France

text: major general

text: Battle of Waterloo

text: Jean Antoine de Collaert

text: Pierre François Joseph Durutte

text: VI Corps

text: Henry Paget, Earl of Uxbridge

text: Military William Order

text: lieutenant general

text: Belgian Revolution

text: Ghent

text: Order of Leopold

categories: 1771 births,1844 deaths,Belgian generals,Barons of the First French Empire,Order of Saint Louis recipients,Dutch military commanders of the Napoleonic Wars,Knights Commander of the Military Order of William,Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur,Dutch generals,French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars,French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars

paragraph: Charles Étienne de Ghigny

paragraph: Charles Étienne de Ghigny (14 January 1771 – 1 December 1844) commanded a Kingdom of the Netherlands light cavalry brigade at the Battle of Waterloo. He joined a French light cavalry regiment in 1792 and served in the same regiment for 22 years, becoming its lieutenant colonel in 1806. He fought in the Peninsular War in 1810–1811 and in the latter year became colonel of the regiment. He fought in the 1812 French invasion of Russia, the 1813 German Campaign and the 1814 French Campaign. In 1814 he led a cavalry regiment at Fère-Champenoise and Paris. He changed his allegiance to the Netherlands in 1815 and was appointed major general. He was promoted to lieutenant general in 1826. He switched allegiance to the Kingdom of Belgium in 1831 and received the Order of Leopold in 1837.

paragraph: Section::::French Revolution.

paragraph: On 14 January 1771, Ghigny was born in Brussels of parents Étienne Ghigny and Maria Segers. In 1792 he joined the French 12th Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment, becoming a second lieutenant on 5 September 1792, a first lieutenant on 28 July 1795 and a captain on 1 October 1795. The battle honors of the 12th Chasseurs include the battles of Valmy and Jemappes in 1792, the Battle of Neerwinden in 1793, the battles of Charleroi (Lambusart) and Fleurus in 1794, the Crossing of the Rhine in 1795, the battles of Amberg and Limburg in 1796 and the Battle of Neuwied in 1797. There is no specific mention of Ghigny in these actions, only that the regiment was recognized. During the Wars of the French Revolution Ghigny fought with the Army of the North, Army of Sambre-et-Meuse and Army of the Rhine.

paragraph: At Valmy, the 12th Chasseurs à Cheval were in Arthur Dillon's advance guard of the Army of the North. At Jemappes the regiment formed part of Pierre de Ruel, marquis de Beurnonville's Right Wing advance guard. It also fought at Aldenhoven in 1793. On 4 May 1794, the regiment was in Jacques Fromentin's division, part of Jacques Desjardin's Right Wing of the Army of the North. As part of the French strategy for the spring of 1794, Desjardins' Right Wing joined with Louis Charbonnier's Army of the Ardennes to form the 60,000-man right prong of a two-prong stroke against the Coalition. Between 11 May and 3 June this force crossed the Sambre River three times and was driven back each time. The three events were the battles of Grandreng on 13 May, Erquelinnes on 24 May and Gosselies on 3 June. After the latter defeat, Jean-Baptiste Jourdan brought reinforcements from the Army of the Moselle and took command of the combined force which henceforth became known as Army of Sambre-et-Meuse. On 16 June the French were beaten again at Charleroi. The Battle of Fleurus was fought on 26 June. Though it was not immediately realized, the subsequent Coalition retreat meant that Fleurus was the decisive battle of the Flanders Campaign.

paragraph: In the 1795 campaign, the 12th Chasseurs were part of Jacques Louis François Delaistre de Tilly's 9,861-strong division. The following year, the regiment was in Jean Etienne Championnet's division, whose rear guard was led by Louis Klein at Amberg on 24 August 1796. The division also fought at the Battle of Würzburg on 3 September and Limburg on 16 September.

paragraph: In 1799 the 12th Chasseurs were engaged near St. Luzisteig Pass in Switzerland. In 1800, the regiment fought at the battles of Stockach and Messkirch. The 12th Chasseurs were part of Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty's division of Claude Lecourbe's Right Wing in the army of Jean Victor Marie Moreau. In mid-campaign the regiment was quickly transferred to Italy where it fought at the Battle of Marengo on 14 June. In this action, the 12th Chasseurs belonged to Bernard Duvignau's brigade when that general fled the field. The regiment was later sent to protect the army's southern flank.

paragraph: Section::::Empire.

paragraph: Ghigny was promoted to major on 29 October 1803 and named a Chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur on 15 June 1804. The 12th Chasseurs à Cheval fought at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805 and at the Battle of Auerstadt in 1806. In the latter action the regiment was brigaded with the 1st and 2nd Chasseurs à Cheval in the III Corps under Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout. Ghigny was appointed lieutenant colonel on 23 October 1806. The battle honors of the 12th Chasseurs also include the battles of Czarnowo and Golymin in 1806 and the Battle of Heilsberg in 1807.

paragraph: At the start of the War of the Fifth Coalition in 1809, the 1st, 2nd and 12th Chasseurs à Cheval were in Charles Claude Jacquinot's brigade in Louis-Pierre Montbrun's Light Cavalry Division in Davout's III Corps. The 12th Chasseurs counted 773 cavalrymen. Jacquinot's brigade was detached from Davout and added to a provisional corps led by Marshal Jean Lannes. On 20 April 1809, the force under Lannes drove the Austrian left wing back in the Battle of Abensberg. In 1809, the battle honors of the regiment include the battles of Eckmuhl, Ratisbon and Wagram. At Wagram the 12th Chasseurs were part of Pierre Claude Pajol's brigade in III Corps. On 6 July a massive cavalry fight took place on the right flank. After Montbrun's division was pressed back, Pajol's brigade charged into the melee to stop the Austrians. Finally, Emmanuel Grouchy's dragoon division routed the Austrian horsemen, allowing Davout's infantry to resume its advance.

paragraph: Ghigny fought in the Peninsular War in Spain during 1810–1811. At the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro on 3–5 May 1811, the 12th Chasseurs were in Pierre Watier's cavalry brigade with a strength of nine officers and 172 troopers. Having driven Marshal André Masséna's French army out of Portugal, the British army under Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington began the Blockade of Almeida. Before advancing to the relief of Almeida, Masséna's army absorbed large numbers of infantry replacements into its depleted ranks, but the cavalry and artillery were very weak due to heavy losses of horses in Portugal. Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bessières reinforced Masséna with 30 artillery gun teams and two weak cavalry brigades, including Watier's, that counted 1,700 horsemen at most. On 5 May Watier's brigade was committed to the cavalry action against the British 7th Division, but the British made an orderly retreat with only two battalions being roughly handled. Ghigny was promoted to colonel of the 12th Chasseurs on 11 October 1811.

paragraph: Ghigny led the 12th Chasseurs Regiment in the 1812 French invasion of Russia. He was wounded on 8 August in a successful clash between a 6,500-man Franco-Austrian force and the Russians. On 7 September, his regiment participated in the Battle of Borodino as part of Horace Sebastiani's 2nd Light Cavalry Division, part of the II Cavalry Corps. Ghigny was wounded again on 18 October in the Battle of Tarutino (Vinkovo). The regiment's war record also included the Battle of Krasnoi on 14–18 November.

paragraph: In 1813 Ghigny led his regiment during the German Campaign. At the Battle of Katzbach on 26 August, the 12th Chasseurs were still in the 2nd Light Cavalry Division, which was led by Nicolas-François Roussel d'Hurbal, and the II Cavalry Corps, now under Sebastiani. The regiment was engaged at the Battle of Leipzig on 16–19 October as part of the 7th Light Cavalry Brigade in Roussel d'Hurbal's division. In 1813, Ghigny was awarded the Officer's Cross of the Légion d'Honneur and named a Baron of the Empire in 1813. For his service during the retreat from Germany, received the Commander's Cross of the Légion d'Honneur in 1814.

paragraph: During the Campaign in Northeast France, Ghigny appeared at Arcis-sur-Aube on 27 February 1814 leading a cavalry march regiment. Together with Roussel d'Hurbal's cavalry division and part of Pierre François Joseph Boyer's 9th Infantry Division, Ghigny's regiment was attached to the command of Marshal Michel Ney. March regiments were used to move soldiers of different units from the depots to the fighting front because they minimized desertion. They were not intended as permanent formations and were infrequently used in combat. A 17 March order of battle showed that Ghigny's 320-man march regiment was attached to Roussel d'Hurbal's 6th Heavy Cavalry Division in Marshal Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise's Imperial Guard corps.

paragraph: At the Battle of Fere-Champenoise on 25 March, Roussel d'Hurbal and Ghigny were commanded by Augustin Daniel Belliard in Mortier's corps. After the Allied cavalry attacked Marshal Auguste de Marmont's force early in the morning, Mortier marched to join his colleague. Ghigny was posted facing east on the far left flank to watch a body of 1,000 Russian Cossacks. When the Russian cavalry threatened to turn the left flank, Ghigny was pulled back behind a stream, facing northeast. As more and more Allied cavalry appeared, the French marshals began to withdraw. Early in the afternoon the French right flank cavalry drove off a major attack, but the left flank cavalry suffered a setback. At 2:00 pm while the French troops were crossing a streambed, a powerful rainstorm struck, blinding them and wetting their gunpowder. The Allied cavalry charged, drove off the French cavalry and got among the infantry, breaking some squares and capturing most of the artillery. The marshals eventually rallied their troops, thanks to the fortuitous arrival of another march regiment, but French losses were heavy.

paragraph: In the Battle of Paris on 30 March the Allied armies deployed about 100,000 troops after subtracting 30,000 men in a covering force. Against the Allies, Marmont and Mortier could only field 19,961 infantry and 5,565 cavalry plus 12,000 skittish National Guards. Belliard's cavalry guarded the left flank. While the two marshals were heavily engaged, an Allied army corps under Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron approached Belliard's positions. After a French cavalry charge was repulsed, Langeron ordered his artillery to bombard Belliard's troopers. The badly outmatched French cavalry, including Ghigny's and two other march regiments rapidly retreated up the Montmartre Heights. The nearby National Guards abandoned their positions and fled. A cease fire agreement soon ended the fighting. Later in 1814 Ghigny received the Order of Saint Louis from King Louis XVIII of France.

paragraph: Section::::Dutch and Belgian service.

paragraph: In 1815 Ghigny joined the Dutch army and was promoted major general on 21 April. At the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June he led the 2nd Cavalry Brigade in Jean Antoine de Collaert's Dutch-Belgian Cavalry Division. The brigade was made up of the 4th (Dutch) Light Dragoon and the 8th (Belgian) Hussar Regiments. After the 1st Brigade of Pierre François Joseph Durutte's French division was broken by British dragoons, Ghigny's brigade advanced downhill from the ridge. Durutte's routed brigade fled behind an infantry square from the VI Corps which Ghigny's horsemen charged without success. British officers branded the Dutch-Belgian cavalry as cowards based on an incident later recalled by Henry Paget, Earl of Uxbridge. In fact, casualties were heavy. At Waterloo, the 4th Light Dragoons lost 54 killed, 143 wounded and 52 missing while the 8th Hussars lost 11 killed, 151 wounded and 122 missing. The 4th Regiment started the day with 647 cavalrymen and the 8th had 439.

paragraph: Ghigny was awarded the Military William Order 3rd Class on 8 July 1815. He was promoted to lieutenant general on 26 October 1826. During the Belgian Revolution he was in command at Ghent, which he declared in a state of siege. Soon after, he was placed on the inactive list and he received an honorable discharge from the Dutch Army on 31 December 1830. Ghigny entered Belgian service as a lieutenant general on 15 February 1831. He received the Belgian Order of Leopold on 9 July 1837 for meritorious service. He died on either 1 December or 30 November 1844. A sepia print from the 1800s shows Ghigny in a dark military coat with epaulettes and a single row of buttons on the front. He is thin in appearance with large eyes, a small mouth, a small toothbrush moustache and a full head of hair.

wikidata_label: Charles Étienne de Ghigny

wikipedia_title: Charles Étienne de Ghigny


text: Cleveland dam

categories: Canadian engineers,1952 deaths,People from Albert County, New Brunswick,1874 births

paragraph: Ernest Albert Cleveland

paragraph: Ernest Albert Cleveland was a Canadian engineer and first commissioner of the Great Vancouver Water District from 1926 to 1952.

paragraph: The Cleveland dam in North Vancouver is dedicated in his honor.

description: Canadian engineer

wikidata_label: Ernest Albert Cleveland

wikipedia_title: Ernest Albert Cleveland


text:
tenor
bass
Francesco Bartolomeo Conti
Johann Joseph Fux
the imperial court in Vienna
Modena
Antonio Lotti
Tamerlano

categories: 1747 deaths,1695 births,People from Modena,Italian operatic tenors

paragraph: Francesco Borosini

paragraph: Francesco Borosini (1695 – after 1747) was an Italian opera singer. Although usually described as a tenor, he had an extraordinarily wide vocal range spanning bass to tenor. He was known not only for the quality of his singing but for his skill as an actor. Borosini created numerous leading roles in the operas of Francesco Bartolomeo Conti and Johann Joseph Fux at the imperial court in Vienna and was the first great Italian tenor to appear in London.

paragraph: Borosini was born in Modena and was schooled in singing by his father, Antonio Borosini, a tenor and composer active in Venice and Modena who later became a singer at the imperial court in Vienna. Francesco is thought to have made his debut in 1709 in Venice singing in Antonio Lotti's "Il vincitor generoso". Like his father, he was appointed as a singer to the Viennese imperial court and performed there from 1711 until 1731 with intermittent sojourns to Italy and London where he worked closely with Handel. He created the role of Bajazet in Handel's "Tamerlano", one of several which the composer wrote or rewrote expressly for Borosini's voice. Borosini was married to the soprano Rosa Borosini who often appeared with him in operas and oratorios in Vienna. Rosa retired from singing in 1740 and died in Vienna in 1761. The exact date and place of Francesco's death are unknown.

description: Italian opera singer

wikidata_label: Francesco Borosini

wikipedia_title: Francesco Borosini


text:
Aymara
Latinx
TLGB
Christian faith
ontology
acapellas
sampler
American Drift
Virginia
Pitchfork
Chino Amobi
Tiny Mix Tapes
American Drift
eclectic and wide variety of influences
cumbia
Andean music
huayno
crunk
metal
ambient
R&B
minimalism
prog
folk
Virginia
Shenandoah Mountain
José Esteban Muñoz
Cuban-American
queer theorist
Margaret Bonds
Medieval studies
Aymaran
Bartolina Sisa
Barstow, California
American Drift
Pacajes, Bolivia
American Drift

categories: LGBT Native Americans,1986 births,American electronic musicians,LGBT people from Virginia,LGBT Hispanic and Latino American people,American people of Bolivian descent,American transgender and transsexual women,LGBT musicians from the United States,People from Los Angeles,Bolivian people of Aymara descent,LGBT people from California,Transgender and transsexual musicians,Hispanic and Latino American people,Living people

paragraph: Elysia Crampton

paragraph: Elysia Chuquimia Paula Crampton is an Amerindian Aymara electronic musician, producer, poet and composer. Her work touches upon themes of Aymara survival and Latinx culture, TLGB and its Aymara femme heritage, science fiction, references to Christian faith and ontology, and frequent utilization of samples and arrangements from varying sources.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Elysia Crampton began making music under the name E+E ("And & And" in Spanish) in the early ’00s. E+E consisted of several performers and contributing writers, editors, and DJ mixes made with a keyboard, acapellas, and a sampler.

paragraph: In 2015 Crampton ceased using the E+E alias and released her first studio album, "American Drift", under her real name. The album took three years to make and was made as a way to describe her unique experience of finding a home in Virginia in the aforementioned years. The album was released on August 7, 2015, and was met with critical success. The music review website Pitchfork gave the album an 8.1 out of 10 and said, in praise:

paragraph: The Virginia producer Elysia Crampton's debut album is only four songs long, but it represents a monumental undertaking. She has described it as an exploration of Virginia's history as well as a meditation on brownness, on being Latina, and as a kind of geology. Her epiphanies feel hard-won, and they shine all the more brightly for it.

paragraph: Crampton released her second album, "", on July 22, 2016. It was a collaboration with friends/peers including Houston producer Rabit, Danish producer Why Be, London producer Lexxi, and Alabama producer Chino Amobi. Music review Web site Tiny Mix Tapes gave the album a 4.5 out of 5, while Pitchfork said: ""Demon City", Virginia producer Elysia Crampton's follow-up to her sumptuous debut "American Drift," is a wonder of concision and represents another massive leap forward in her growth," of the album.

paragraph: Crampton's physical output to date has consisted solely of project studio or home studio recordings, with her first two LP's "The Light That You Gave Me To See You" (2012) and "American Drift" (2015), as well as EP's "Bound Adam 2011" and "Moth/Lake" (2015) all being recorded in her Ford Ranger truck.

paragraph: Section::::Musical style.

paragraph: Crampton's music is notable for drawing from an eclectic and wide variety of influences, including cumbia, and Andean music like huayno and , as well as American genres like crunk, metal, ambient, R&B and minimalism. However, her eclecticism is owed to her understanding and incorporation of Aymara ontology in her music, specifically the concepts of "taypi" and "ch'ixi". As a way of summing up her intent to a style, she has used the tags "prog" and "folk" to describe her music.

paragraph: During the time of the making of Elysia's album "American Drift", she was living in rural Virginia and being inspired by the expansive local geographical features around the area, described as "wild Southern surroundings", in the area, one of which was the Shenandoah Mountain. She previously made journeys around it, with one inspiring track two of American Drift, 'Petrichrist'. Elysia is heavily inspired by varying forms of cultural music and the interesting sound design that often accompanies them, although her upbringing and roots in music that have influenced her show their presence. In an interview, she remarked that "the older I get, the uglier I want my music to feel, to be".

paragraph: Through music, the post-colonial divide between Peru and Bolivia was bridged for me, and I was allowed to glimpse an ancient, illusive moment of my heritage that barred nationalistic dividings. The mixture of electronic and acoustic sounds, especially in huayno, provided inspiration that has stuck to this day. The incorporation of these textures into my own voice never had to be deliberately sought out; these ancestral/familial narratives, languages, tones, colors… moved with me as I musically came of age.

paragraph: Crampton also cited many individuals as influences for her 2015 album "American Drift", including José Esteban Muñoz (a noted Cuban-American queer theorist), black pianist Margaret Bonds, Jeffrey Jerome Cohen (a writer and professor in Medieval studies) and queer performance artist, photographer and close friend Boychild.

paragraph: Crampton has said that her 2016 album, "", was written in the style of a musical epic poem. She said that the album was inspired by Aymaran revolutionary Bartolina Sisa, who is often remembered in indigenous history. The album is a companion piece to Crampton's theatrical production & DJ set, "Dissolution of the Sovereign: A Timeslide into the Future", written and performed as both a 'visual & performative essay', a sci-fi style play, and an ontological coda to Sisa's story with a narrative revolving around her severed limbs.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Crampton took piano and keyboard lessons as a child, but later started taking music seriously after her teenage years, around 2007 to 2008. She was born and grew up in the desert outside Barstow, California. Crampton lived a nomadic lifestyle, moving between the United States, Mexico, and Bolivia for most of her life. After finishing up her first studio album, "American Drift", Elysia returned to Pacajes, Bolivia, to care for her grandmother Flora.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As E+E.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As E+E.:Full-length albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "E&E" (2008, self-released)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Light that You gave Me to See You" (2013, self-released; rereleased by Total Stasis in 2016)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As E+E.:Extended plays.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bound Adam" (2011, self-released)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As E+E.:Compilations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Edited/Remixed [2008–2012]" (2014, self-released)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As Elysia Crampton.:Studio albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "American Drift" (2015, Blueberry Recordings)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2016, Break World Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spots y Escupitajo" (2017, The Vinyl Factory)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Elysia Crampton" (2018, Break World Records)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As Elysia Crampton.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Moth/Lake" (2015, Boomkat Editions)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flora's Theme" (2016, Williams Street Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Final Exam ft. Kelela" (2016, The Vinyl Factory)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Solilunita" (2018, Break World Records)

description: Bolivian-American electronic producer

wikidata_label: Elysia Crampton

wikipedia_title: Elysia Crampton


text:
OBE
Conservative Party
United Kingdom
Gomersal
Yorkshire
First World War
OBE
Spen Valley
West Yorkshire
1923 general election
Liberal
John Simon
Labour
1924 general election
Bradford North
Walter Rea
1929 general election
Norman Angell
1931 general election
Prime Minister
Ramsay MacDonald
National Government
1935 election
House of Commons
1945 general election
knighted
Birkenshaw
British Council
UK General Elections since 1832

categories: UK MPs 1924–1929,UK MPs 1935–1945,1955 deaths,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1931–1935,Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,1883 births

paragraph: Eugene Ramsden, 1st Baron Ramsden

paragraph: Eugene Joseph Squire Hargreaves Ramsden, 1st Baron Ramsden OBE (2 February 1883 – 9 August 1955), known as Sir Eugene Ramsden, Bt between 1938 and 1945, was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Ramsden was the son of James Ramsden, of The Wheatleys in Gomersal, Yorkshire, and Mary Jane (née Hargreaves). He was head of James Ramsden Ltd. He also fought in the First World War and was appointed an OBE in 1919.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Ramsden stood unsuccessfully for the Spen Valley constituency in West Yorkshire at the 1923 general election, held by the senior Liberal John Simon. He came third, with 22% of the votes, behind Labour. He did not stand again in Spen Valley, and at the 1924 general election he contested the marginal seat of Bradford North, where the Liberal Walter Rea had been elected in 1923 with a majority of only 173. Ramsden won the seat with a majority of 2,017, but was defeated at the 1929 general election by Labour's Norman Angell.

paragraph: The Labour vote collapsed at the 1931 general election after Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald split his party and formed a National Government. Ramsden stood again in Bradford North, ousting Angell with a majority of over 18,000 votes. He held the seat comfortably at the 1935 election, and represented Bradford North until he retired from the House of Commons at the 1945 general election. Ramsden was knighted in 1933 and made a Baronet, of Birkenshaw in the West Riding of the County of York, in 1938. After leaving the House of Commons in 1945, he was elevated to the peerage as Baron Ramsden, of Birkenshaw in the West Riding of the County of York.

paragraph: Ramsden was a council member of the British Council, and is named in the council's charter, granted in 1940. He was described in 1927 as a "whole-hearted and keen Imperialist".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Lord Ramsden married Margaret Enid, daughter of Frank Eugene Withey and widow of Major George Wells Farwell, in 1919. He died in August 1955, aged 72, after which the baronetcy and barony became extinct.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- UK General Elections since 1832

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography and Genealogy Master Index. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, Cengage Learning. 1980- 2009.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Eugene Ramsden, 1st Baron Ramsden

wikipedia_title: Eugene Ramsden, 1st Baron Ramsden


text:
Guy
Marquess of Bodonitsa
Kingdom of Thessalonica
Principality of Achaea
Guy de la Roche
Duke of Athens
William of Villehardouin
Battle of Karydi
Thebes
Despot of Epirus
Michael II
Emperor of Nicaea
John IV Lascaris
Pelagonia
Despotate of Morea
Euboea
Atalanta
Parma
Azzo VII of Este
Isabella

categories: Marquesses of Bodonitsa,1278 deaths,House of Pallavicino,13th-century rulers in Europe,Year of birth unknown,13th-century Italian people,Christians of the Crusades

paragraph: Ubertino Pallavicini

paragraph: Ubertino (or Umbertino) Pallavicini (died 1278) was the son and successor of Guy as Marquess of Bodonitsa in 1237.

paragraph: Despite the fact that, since the fall of the Kingdom of Thessalonica in 1224, Bodonitsa was a vassal of the Principality of Achaea, Ubertino assisted his cousin Guy de la Roche, Duke of Athens, in war against the prince of Achaea, William of Villehardouin. He was present at the Battle of Karydi in 1258 and retreated with the duke back to Thebes. In 1259, however, he joined the prince and the Despot of Epirus, Michael II, against the Emperor of Nicaea, John IV Lascaris. They were defeated on the plain of Pelagonia. In 1263, Ubertino was again at the side of his liege lord making war on the Despotate of Morea.

paragraph: During Ubertino's reign, much of the Euboea was lost to the Greeks, and pirates operating from the island of Atalanta prevented food supplies from reaching his people and castles. In 1264, by the will of his deceased sister Mabilia, he received land near Parma which had been the property of his brother-in-law Azzo VII of Este. His youngest sister Isabella inherited the marquisate from him on his death in 1278.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Setton, Kenneth M. (general editor) "A History of the Crusades: Volume III — The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries". Harry W. Hazard, editor. University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, 1975.

description: Margrave of Bodonitsa

wikidata_label: Ubertino Pallavicini

wikipedia_title: Ubertino Pallavicini


text: Korean War

text: posthumously

text: Medal of Honor

text: Burnham, Maine

text: 7th Infantry Regiment

text: 3rd Infantry Division

text: Popsu-dong

text: Korea

text: Fort Kent, Maine

text: United Nations

text: grenade

text: List of Medal of Honor recipients

categories: 1951 deaths,1929 births,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,People from Fort Kent, Maine,United States Army soldiers,American military personnel killed in the Korean War

paragraph: Clair Goodblood

paragraph: Clair Goodblood (September 18, 1929 – April 25, 1951) was a soldier in the U.S. Army during the Korean War. He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions on 24-5 April 1951.

paragraph: Goodblood joined the Army from Burnham, Maine in 1947.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: Corporal, U.S. Army, Company D, 7th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division

paragraph: Place and date: Near Popsu-dong, Korea, 24 and April 25, 1951

paragraph: Entered service at: Burnham, Maine. Born: September 18, 1929, Fort Kent, Maine

paragraph: G.O. No.: 14, February 1, 1952

paragraph: Citation:

paragraph: Cpl. Goodblood, a member of Company D, distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an armed enemy of the United Nations. Cpl. Goodblood, a machine gunner, was attached to Company B in defensive positions on thickly wooded key terrain under attack by a ruthless foe. In bitter fighting which ensued, the numerically superior enemy infiltrated the perimeter, rendering the friendly positions untenable. Upon order to move back, Cpl. Goodblood voluntarily remained to cover the withdrawal and, constantly vulnerable to heavy fire, inflicted withering destruction on the assaulting force. Seeing a grenade lobbed at his position, he shoved his assistant to the ground and flinging himself upon the soldier attempted to shield him. Despite his valorous act both men were wounded. Rejecting aid for himself, he ordered the ammunition bearer to evacuate the injured man for medical treatment. He fearlessly maintained his l-man defense, sweeping the onrushing assailants with fire until an enemy banzai charge carried the hill and silenced his gun. When friendly elements regained the commanding ground, Cpl. Goodblood's body was found lying beside his gun and approximately 100 hostile dead lay in the wake of his field of fire. Through his unflinching courage and willing self-sacrifice the onslaught was retarded, enabling his unit to withdraw, regroup, and resecure the strongpoint. Cpl. Goodblood's inspirational conduct and devotion to duty reflect lasting glory on himself and are in keeping with the noble traditions of the military service.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Korean War Medal of Honor recipients

wikidata_label: Clair Goodblood

wikipedia_title: Clair Goodblood