text:
privateer
Susan Constant
Virginia Company
Jamestown
Virginia Colony
"Godspeed"
"Discovery"
several voyages of supply
Sea Venture
Third Supply
archipelago
Bermuda
Christopher Newport University
Newport News, Virginia
Limehouse
River Thames
Harwich
Anglo–Spanish War
privateer
Caribbean
expedition to the Caribbean
John Watts
galleon
his successful expedition
he captured
Madre de Deus
Azores
raided Puerto Caballos
Spanish Jamaica
crocodile
wild boar
King James I
Virginia Company of London
Virginia Colony
Susan Constant
John Smith
James River
Richmond
pyrite
the First and Second Supply missions
The Second Supply
Powhatan's
Third Supply
Sea Venture
Third Supply
George Somers
Bermuda
Bermuda cedar
Starving Time
Mulberry Island
a 'fourth" supply mission
Thomas West
Thomas Dale
East India Company
Far East
Java
Indonesia
Newport, Kentucky
James River
Hampton Roads
Newport News, Virginia
this is disputed
Christopher Newport University
Newport News
David Hemblen
Christopher Plummer
The New World
1995 Disney animated film
Governor Ratcliffe
Jamestown 2007
CNU
Brian Werner
Captain Christopher Newport Biography

categories: Virginia colonial people,English sailors,English explorers,17th-century English people,History of Newport News, Virginia,People from Essex,English privateers,British East India Company people,Castaways,1617 deaths,1560s births,People of the Tudor period,17th-century explorers,16th-century English people

paragraph: Christopher Newport

paragraph: Christopher Newport (1561–1617) was an English seaman and privateer. He is best known as the captain of the "Susan Constant", the largest of three ships which carried settlers for the Virginia Company in 1607 on the way to found the settlement at Jamestown in the Virginia Colony, which became the first permanent English settlement in North America. He was also in overall command of the other two ships on that initial voyage, in order of their size, the "Godspeed" and the "Discovery".

paragraph: He made several voyages of supply between England and Jamestown; in 1609, he became Captain of the Virginia Company's new supply ship, "Sea Venture", which met a hurricane during the Third Supply mission, and was shipwrecked on the archipelago of Bermuda.

paragraph: Christopher Newport University in Newport News, Virginia, was named in his honor.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Christopher Newport was born in Limehouse, an important trading port on the River Thames in December 1561. He was the son of a shipmaster also named Christopher Newport who worked in the commercial shipping trade on the east coast of England. The maiden name of his mother Jane is unknown. Newport was christened at Harwich on 29 December. Newport went to sea in 1580, and he quickly rose to the rank of a master mariner and dealt with trade going into London. On 19 October 1584 he married Katherine Proctor in Harwich.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Privateer.

paragraph: From 1585 following the outbreak of the Anglo–Spanish War, Newport worked as a privateer who raided Spanish freighters off and on in the Caribbean. Over the years he commanded a series of privateer ships, including the "Little John", the "Margaret", and the "Golden Dragon". In 1590 on an expedition to the Caribbean financed and organised by famed London Merchant John Watts whilst capturing a Spanish galleon Newport lost an arm in the fight. Despite this for almost twenty years, Newport continued with the raids working with Watts again - in particular his successful expedition off Cuba in June and July 1591. In August 1592, he captured a Portuguese ship, the "Madre de Deus", off the Azores, taking the greatest English plunder of the century. His ship returned to port in England carrying five hundred tons of spices, silks, gemstones, and other treasures. In his last mission of the war he raided Puerto Caballos in 1603, the spoils from all these missions were shared with London merchants who funded them. However, his invasion of Spanish Jamaica was repelled by Governor Fernando Melgarejo. In 1605, after another mission to the Caribbean, he returned to England with two baby crocodiles and a wild boar to give as gifts to King James I who had a fascination with exotic animals.

paragraph: Section::::Jamestown.

paragraph: It was Newport's experience as well as his reputation which led to his hiring in 1606 by the Virginia Company of London. The company had been granted a proprietorship to establish a settlement in the Virginia Colony by King James I. Newport took charge of the ship "Susan Constant", and on the 1606–1607 voyage, she carried 71 colonists, all male, one of whom was John Smith. As soon as land was in sight, sealed orders from the Virginia Company were opened which named Newport as a member of the governing Council of the Colony. On 29 April, Newport erected a cross at the mouth of the bay, at a place they named Cape Henry, to claim the land for the Crown. In the following days, the ships ventured inland upstream along the James River seeking a suitable location for their settlement as defined in their orders. Newport (accompanied by Smith) then explored the Powhatan Flu (River) up to Richmond (the Powhatan Flu would soon be called the James River), then a few weeks after arriving at Jamestown he was allowed to assume his seat on the council.

paragraph: Section::::Jamestown.:First and Second Supply missions.

paragraph: In June 1607, a week after the initial Fort at Jamestown was completed, Newport sailed back for London on the "Susan Constant" with a load of pyrite ("fools' gold") and other supposedly precious minerals, leaving behind 104 colonists, and the tiny "Discovery" for the use of the colonists. The "Susan Constant", which had been a rental ship that had customarily been used as a freight transport, did not return to Virginia again. However, Newport did return twice from England with additional supplies in the following 18 months, leading what were termed the First and Second Supply missions. Despite original intentions to grow food and trade with the Native Americans, the barely surviving colonists became dependent upon the supply missions. Before the arrival of the First Supply, over half of the colonists perished in the winter of 1607–08.

paragraph: The urgently needed First Supply mission arrived in Jamestown on 8 January 1608. The two ships under Newport's command were the "John and Francis" and the "Phoenix". However, despite replenishing the supplies, the two ships also brought an additional 120 men, so with the survivors of the initial group, there were now 158 colonists, as recorded later by John Smith. Accordingly, Newport left again for England almost immediately, to make an additional trip and bring even more supplies. Newport took also Powhatan tribesman, Namontack to London on 10 April 1608. Namontack remained there for three months and returned to Virginia with Newport.

paragraph: The Second Supply arrived in September 1608, this time with Newport commanding the "Mary Margaret", a ship of about 150 tons. In addition to urgently needed supplies, the Second Supply delivered another 70 persons as well as the first two women from England, a "gentlewoman" and a woman servant. Realizing that Powhatan's friendship was crucial to the survival of the small Jamestown colony, Newport was also ordered to "crown" the chief with a ceremonial crown to make him an English "vassal." The coronation went badly however, because he stated he was already a king and refused to kneel to receive the crown. The need for another, ideally much larger, supply mission was conveyed to the leaders of the Virginia Company effectively when Newport returned to England. Additional funds and resources were gathered and readied. However, the Third Supply, as well as the company's new purpose-built flagship, the "Sea Venture", were each to become big problems for Jamestown.

paragraph: Section::::Jamestown.:Third Supply: ill-fated "Sea Venture".

paragraph: Newport made a third trip to America in June 1609, as captain of the "Sea Venture" and "Vice Admiral" of the Third Supply mission. However, on 24 July, the nine ships encountered a massive three-day-long storm, and became separated. The flagship of the mission, the "Sea Venture", being newly built for the voyage, was leaking heavily, having lost her caulking. Sir George Somers, who had taken the helm, deliberately drove her upon a reef in Bermuda to prevent her foundering. Eventually, in May 1610, the survivors (150 colonists and crew members, and one dog) constructed two smaller ships, the "Deliverance" and the "Patience", from the wreck and the abundant native Bermuda cedar. Arriving at Jamestown 10 months later than planned, where the death of over 80% of the colonists had occurred during the Starving Time, Newport and the others had precious few supplies to share. Both groups felt they had no alternative but to return to England. On 7 June, they boarded the ships, and started to sail downstream and abandon Jamestown. However, as they approached Mulberry Island, they were met by a 'fourth" supply mission sailing upstream headed by a new governor, Thomas West, who ordered the remaining settlers to return.

paragraph: Section::::Later voyages, death.

paragraph: On 12 May 1611 Newport arrived once again back at Jamestown, accompanied by Sir Thomas Dale, departing 20 August, for what would be his last time. In 1612, he joined the Royal Navy, accepting a commission first offered to him in 1606, and entered the English East India Company. In 1613, aboard the "Expedition", Newport commanded the twelfth voyage of the Company to the Far East. In 1615 he sailed to India. In November 1616 he wrote his will, and set out on his third voyage to the East Indies (this time accompanied by his son, also called Christopher, who joined the crew). By May 1617, he was in South Africa, but he died in Java (now part of Indonesia) sometime after 15 August 1617 of unknown causes.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Newport, Kentucky, was named in his honour.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Newport News Point (where the mouth of the James River joins the harbour of Hampton Roads) and the city of Newport News, Virginia, are widely believed to have been named for him, although this is disputed. Some scholars believe that it is more likely that it was named for settlers from Ireland with the surname of Neuce.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christopher Newport University, in Newport News is named in honour of him.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Captain Newport was portrayed by actors David Hemblen in "" in 1999 and Christopher Plummer in Terrence Malick's 2005 film "The New World", but did not appear in the 1995 Disney animated film or its . In the Disney movies, his role is replaced by the villainous Governor Ratcliffe.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2005–2006 playwright Steven Breese wrote "Actus Fidei" (An Act of Faith), based on the life and times of Captain Christopher Newport, as part of the Jamestown 2007 Festival. This play received its world premiere in the Spring of 2007 at Christopher Newport University.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A biography on Captain Newport, by A. Bryant Nichols Jr., was published in 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A statue commemorating Captain Newport was recently unveiled at his namesake University, CNU. The statue has been the subject of some controversy, as it depicts Newport with both hands, while it is historically documented that Newport lost one of his hands at sea. The creator of the statue says, in an interview, that we should "not remember our heroes as mutilated."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Great Grandson X 10 Brian Werner founder of Tiger Missing Link Foundation and its Tiger Creek Wildlife Refuge

paragraph: BULLET::::- Continuing the Newport leadership legacy, Christopher Newport, US Navy veteran was appointed to Chief of Staff for the City of Houston in 2014 - "one of the city's most powerful non-elected posts."

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Bryant Nichols Jr., "Captain Christopher Newport: Admiral of Virginia", Sea Venture, 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- David A. Price, "Love and Hate in Jamestown: John Smith, Pocahontas, and the Start of A New Nation", Alfred A. Knopf, 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Breese, Steven, "Actus Fidei", Steven Breese and Associates, 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, John, "The Generall Historie of Virginia" ["G.H." London, 1623].

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wingfield, Jocelyn R., "Virginia's True Founder: Edward Maria Wingfield", etc., [Charleston, 2007, ].

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Captain Christopher Newport Biography

description: English privateer

wikidata_label: Christopher Newport

wikipedia_title: Christopher Newport


text: Warren, Ohio

text: Akron, Ohio

text: Simon Perkins

text: Colonel

text: Warren, Ohio

text: Simon Perkins

text: Youngstown, Ohio

text: Akron, Ohio

text: Portage Path of Summit County, Ohio

text: John Brown (abolitionist)

text: John Brown House (Akron, Ohio)

text: Perkins Stone Mansion

text: John Brown (abolitionist)

text: Akron Rural Cemetery (Glendale)

text: Perkins Stone Mansion

text: George Tod Perkins

categories: Ohio state senators,1805 births,American businesspeople,1887 deaths

paragraph: Colonel Simon Perkins

paragraph: "Colonel" Simon Perkins (1805–1887) was an American businessman, farmer, state senator, and entrepreneur. He was born in Warren, Ohio in 1805, but spent most of his life in Akron, Ohio. He was the oldest son of Simon Perkins, the founder of the City of Akron. The title "Colonel" was honorary; no records exist that show he served in the military.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Colonel Simon Perkins was born on February 6, 1805 in Warren, Ohio to General Simon Perkins and Nancy Ann Bishop Perkins. His first position was with his father's land company in Warren. He married Grace Ingersoll Tod of Youngstown, Ohio on November 23, 1833. Two years later, he and his wife and baby daughter, Anna, moved to Akron, Ohio in order to oversee his father's business affairs. Their first home was a small wooden frame house located along the Portage Path of Summit County, Ohio. John Brown (abolitionist) would later rent this building, known as the John Brown House (Akron, Ohio) from Perkins during their business partnership.

paragraph: Construction began immediately on the Perkins Stone Mansion in 1835, and it was completed in 1837. The family moved in that spring. Perkins was mainly interested in agriculture, sheep, and livestock and therefore turned his property on Perkins Hill into a large farm. He imported the best breeds of sheep to his farm and eventually hired John Brown (abolitionist) to oversee them. Their firm was known as Perkins & Brown. The business eventually failed and Perkins absorbed most of the loss.

paragraph: Colonel Perkins encouraged the Akron Branch of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad (C.A. & C. Railroad) which was completed in 1852. He served as the president from 1851–1864 and as general superintendent until 1869. He also backed the Atlantic & Great Western Railroad, but his net losses from the project kept him in significant debt for many years.

paragraph: He served in the state senate from 1839–1840 and was the first representative for the newly formed Summit County from 1841-1842. He was one of the most prominent promoters of the new county. He also served as trustee for Portage Township. He was also one of the organizers of the Akron Rural Cemetery (Glendale) and served as president from 1839-1880. He also donated property for the founding of two Akron city parks, Union and Grace (which was named for his wife.)

paragraph: Grace Tod died on April 6, 1867 and Colonel Perkins died July 21, 1887.

paragraph: The family home, Perkins Stone Mansion, is now a historic house museum owned and operated by The Summit County Historical Society of Akron, Ohio. Several items which belonged to the Colonel and his family are on display.

paragraph: A statue of Colonel Perkins stands near the corner of South Broadway St. and University Ave. in downtown Akron.

paragraph: Several places in Akron are named for Colonel Perkins and his family. They include, Perkins St., Perkins Park, Perkins Middle School, and Perkins Square.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Colonel Simon and Grace Perkins had eleven children: Anna Bishop, George Tod Perkins, Simon, Alfred, Henry, Maria Allen, Grace Tod, Thomas Kinswan, Charles Ezra, David Tod, and Joseph Douglas.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grismer, Karl H. "Akron and Summit County". 1952

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lane, Samuel A. "Fifty Years and Over Of Akron and Summit County". 1892

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jackson, James S. and Margot Y. "At Home on the Hill: The Perkins Family of Akron". 1983.

description: Businessperson and politician

wikidata_label: Colonel Simon Perkins

wikipedia_title: Colonel Simon Perkins


text: Polish

text: painter

text: sculptor

text: Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw

text: Karol Tichy

text: Bielsko-Biała

categories: Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw alumni,1905 births,1966 deaths,Polish sculptors,20th-century Polish painters

paragraph: Ryszard Sroczyński

paragraph: Ryszard Sroczyński (8 May 1905 – 3 August 1966) was a Polish painter and sculptor.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sroczyński was a student of Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw where his teacher was Karol Tichy.

paragraph: In 1946 he settled down in Bielsko-Biała where he created his work and was an active member of Association of Polish Artists and Designers.

paragraph: He lived in Bielsko-Biała until his death on 3 August 1966.

description: Polish artist

wikidata_label: Ryszard Sroczyński

wikipedia_title: Ryszard Sroczyński


text:
Swiss
Geneva
Lottie Morel
Rome
Guido Agosti
Louis Hiltbrand
Jacques Guyonnet
London
Pierre Boulez
Liège
Henri Pousseur
Paris
Jean-Claude Eloy
New York City
Hubert Howe
Bill Etra

categories: 20th-century classical composers,Swiss music educators,Women in electronic music,Swiss classical composers,1993 deaths,People from Geneva,20th-century women musicians,1946 births,Female classical composers

paragraph: Geneviève Calame

paragraph: Geneviève Calame (30 December 1946 – 8 October 1993) was a Swiss pianist, music educator and composer.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Geneviève Calame was born in Geneva of Greco-Italian ancestry, and studied the piano in Geneva with Lottie Morel and then in Rome with Guido Agosti. She continued her education in Geneva with Louis Hiltbrand and Jacques Guyonnet. She took further courses in composition in London with Pierre Boulez, in Liège with Henri Pousseur and in Paris with Jean-Claude Eloy. She appeared as a piano soloist many times in the Studio de Musique Contenporaine from 1972 to 1983. She studied electronic and electro-acoustic technology in New York City with Hubert Howe and visual artist Bill Etra.

paragraph: After completing her education, Geneviève Calame worked as a composer through contemporary music studios in Geneva. In 1971 she and Jacques Guyonnet founded a studio for electronic music, video and information technology under the name A.R.T (Artistic Research Team), and she began to produce audio visual installations, among other works. In 1972 Calame married Jacques Guyonnet and had two children.

paragraph: Geneviève Calame developed a method for teaching electronic music to children and taught from 1975-1993 at the Geneva's Board of Education and in l'Ecole Supérieure d'Art Visuel in Geneva. In 1976 she served as president of the Geneva section of the International Society of Contemporary Music. She was a leader in Video Art, producing more than hundred paintings from video still frames. This work was presented in Cannes at the MIP TV and many places around the world, A.R.T. Studios Geneva, Museum of fine ARTS in Lausanne with René Berger, Rio de Janeiro at cecilia Meireles and the Serpentine Gallery in London among others.

paragraph: She died in Tijuana (Mexique) in 1993.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Calame composes for orchestra, chamber ensemble, voice, ballet, electronic, multimedia performance. Selected works include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'Oiseau du matin" (1972), electronic ballet

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mantiq-al-Tayr" (1973) for flute, contrabass flute and four electronic sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Différentielle verticale" (1974) for soprano and symphonic orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lude" (1975) for harp alone

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Iral" (1975) for four trumpets and four trombones

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Geometry I, II, III" (1975–1976) Videotape

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le chant remémoré" (1975) Videotape

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alpha futur" (1976) for symphonic orchestra and soprano

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Labyrinthes Fluides" (1976) Videotape

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tableaux video" (1976–1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Videocosme" (1976) for the electronic poem by Edgar Varèse, Videotape

paragraph: BULLET::::- "StEpHAnE mAllArmE" (1977) or "Un coup de dés jamais n'abolira le hasard..." for chamber orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Et l'Oeil rêve"... (1977) Visual poem

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Aubes d'Onomadore" (1978) for African instruments and symphonic orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Son-Qui-Fut-Mille" (1978) for four electronic sources and percussion instruments

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mandala" (1978) for seven trumpets or seven female voices

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'Homme-Miroir" (1979) for wind orchestra, percussion and four electronic sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Je lui dis..." (1980) for chamber orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oniria" (1981) for piano solo and electronic tape

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Calligrammes" (1983–1984) for harp and chamber orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Océanides" (1986)for chamber orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Swing" (1986) for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sur la margelle du monde" (1987) for chamber orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Livre de Tchen" (1988) for three percussionists and mime

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vent solaire" (1989–1990) for shakuhachi and orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Incantation" (1989) for organ

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cantilène" (1990) for violin alone

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dragon de lumière" (1991) for three wind instruments and five strings

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le chant des sables" (1992) for violoncello, harp and gongs

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Echo" (1992) for flute

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hi Summer" (1993) for voice, harp, percussion and synthesiser

description: composer

wikidata_label: Geneviève Calame

wikipedia_title: Geneviève Calame


text:
Byzantine Emperor
Maurice
Germanus
Phocas
Sassanid Persia
war against Byzantium
Augusta
Constantina
John of Ephesus
Theophanes the Confessor
Kedrenos
born to a reigning emperor
Theodosius II
apocrisiarius
Constantinople
Gregory the Great
Evagrius Scholasticus
consul
Caesar
patrician
Germanus
Byzantine Senate
Theophylact Simocatta
Danubian
Hagia Sophia
Phocas
Chalcedon
praetorian prefect
Constantine Lardys
Khosrau II
Sassanid Persia
Alexander
Lazica
Heraclius
Narses
Mesopotamia
invasion
Khuzistan Chroncile
Nestorian patriarch
Sabrisho I
Ashtat Yeztayar
Theodosiopolis
Cherson
siliqua
Carthage

categories: 580s births,Executed Roman emperors,7th-century Byzantine emperors,Executed Byzantine people,6th-century Byzantine emperors,Caesares,602 deaths,Justinian dynasty,Byzantine junior emperors,7th-century executions by the Byzantine Empire,7th-century murdered monarchs

paragraph: Theodosius (son of Maurice)

paragraph: Theodosius (; August 4, 583/585 – after November 27, 602) was the eldest son of Byzantine Emperor Maurice (r. 582–602) and was co-emperor from 590 until his deposition and execution during a military revolt in November 602. Along with his father-in-law Germanus, he was briefly proposed as successor to Maurice by the troops, but the army eventually favoured Phocas instead. Sent in an abortive mission to secure aid from Sassanid Persia by his father, Theodosius was captured and executed by Phocas's supporters a few days after Maurice. Nevertheless, rumours spread that he had survived the execution, and became popular to the extent that a man who purported to be Theodosius was entertained by the Persians as a pretext for launching a war against Byzantium.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Theodosius was the first child of Maurice and his wife, the "Augusta" Constantina. He was born on August 4, 583 (according to the contemporary John of Ephesus and other chroniclers) or 585 (according to the later histories of Theophanes the Confessor and Kedrenos). He was the first son to be born to a reigning emperor since Theodosius II in 401, and was accordingly named after the previous ruler. The papal envoy, or "apocrisiarius", to Constantinople, the future Pope Gregory the Great, acted as his godfather. The scholar Evagrius Scholasticus composed a work celebrating Theodosius' birth, for which he was rewarded by Maurice with the rank of consul.

paragraph: A few years after his birth, possibly in 587, Theodosius was raised to the rank of "Caesar" and thus became his father's heir-apparent, while on March 26, 590, he was publicly proclaimed as co-emperor.

paragraph: In November 601 or early February 602, Maurice married Theodosius to a daughter of the patrician Germanus, a leading member of the Byzantine Senate. The historian Theophylact Simocatta, the major chronicler of Maurice's reign, also records that on February 2, 602, Germanus saved Theodosius from harm during food riots in Constantinople.

paragraph: Later in the same year, during the revolt of the Danubian armies in autumn, Theodosius and his father-in-law were hunting in the outskirts of Constantinople. There they received a letter from the mutinous troops, in which they demanded Maurice's resignation, a redress of their grievances, and offered the crown to either of the two. They presented the letter to Maurice, who rejected the army's demands. The emperor however began suspecting Germanus of playing a part in the revolt. Theodosius promptly informed his father-in-law of this and advised him to hide, and on November 21, Germanus fled first to a local church and then to the Hagia Sophia, seeking sanctuary from the Byzantine emperor's emissaries.

paragraph: On the very next day however, Maurice and his family and closest associates fled the capital before the advancing rebel army under Phocas, and crossed over to Chalcedon. From there, Theodosius was dispatched along with the praetorian prefect Constantine Lardys to seek the aid of Khosrau II, the ruler of Sassanid Persia. Maurice, however, soon recalled him, and on his return Theodosius fell into the hands of Phocas' men and was executed at Chalcedon. His father and younger brothers had been executed a few days earlier on November 27.

paragraph: Section::::Rumours of survival and pseudo-Theodosius.

paragraph: Subsequently, rumours of Theodosius's survival spread far and wide. It was alleged that his father-in-law Germanus had bribed his executioner, a leading Phocas supporter named Alexander, to spare his life. In this story, Theodosius then fled, eventually reaching Lazica, where he died. Theophylact Simocatta reports that he thoroughly investigated these rumours and found them false. Modern historian Paul Speck, however, argues that doubts about the genuineness of Theodosius only began to be expressed late in the reign of Heraclius.

paragraph: The general Narses, who rose against Phocas in Mesopotamia, exploited the rumours about Theodosius. He produced a man claiming to be Theodosius, and then presented him to Khosrau II. The Persian ruler in turn used him as a pretext for his own invasion of Byzantium, claiming that it was done in order to avenge the murder of Maurice and his family and place the "rightful" heir Theodosius on the throne. According to the "Khuzistan Chroncile", he even had Theodosius re-crowned as Roman emperor by the Nestorian patriarch Sabrisho I. In the Armenian campaign of 606–7, the pretender accompanied the commander Ashtat Yeztayar. His presence convinced the garrison of Theodosiopolis to surrender.

paragraph: Section::::Coinage.

paragraph: Theodosius does not appear on most of the regular coinage of Maurice's reign, with two exceptions: the copper "nummi" of the Cherson mint, which show him along with his father and mother, and a special silver "siliqua" issue (apparently cut in 591/592 to celebrate his proclamation as co-emperor) from the Carthage mint.

description: Byzantine emperor

wikidata_label: Theodosius

wikipedia_title: Theodosius (son of Maurice)


text: rosarian

text: Napoleon

text: Empress Joséphine

text: Battle of Waterloo

text: Longjumeau

text: Angers

text: cultivar

categories: 1777 births,1866 deaths,French horticulturists,Rose breeders

paragraph: Jean-Pierre Vibert

paragraph: Jean Pierre Vibert (Paris January 31, 1777 – January 18, 1866 Paris) was a French rosarian.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Vibert served as a young man in Napoleon's army. Disabled by war wounds, he turned to gardening, and owned a hardware store. His store was close to the rosarium of Empress Joséphine's rose hybridizer, André Dupont, in the rue du Four in Paris, from whom he became interested in breeding roses. In 1812 he sold his hardware store. Soon afterwards, in 1813, he purchased land in Chennevières-sur-Marne for a nursery, where he hybridized roses, fruit trees, and grape vines for raisins.

paragraph: He married Adélaïde Charlotte Heu (? – 1816) in 1805, with whom he had three children: Aimée, Adélaïde and Théodore.

paragraph: When the pioneering rose hybridizer Jacques-Louis Descemet (1761–1839) was forced to leave his nursery after invasion by the British following the Battle of Waterloo, Vibert absorbed Descemet's nursery stock, 10,000 rose seedlings, and hybridizing records. A month later, his 5-year-old daughter Adélaïde died; his wife Adélaïde died a few months afterwards.

paragraph: Vibert was one of the founders of the Société d'Horticulture de Paris in 1827 (now National Horticultural Society of France). He moved his nursery to Saint-Denis in January of that year. He moved his nursery again in 1835, to Longjumeau, just south of Paris. And again, in 1839, he moved his nursery, this time to a more southerly climate in Angers.

paragraph: In 1851 Jean-Pierre Vibert sold his nursery in Angers to his foreman, M. Robert, who in 1867 dedicated to him the cultivar 'Souvenir de Pierre Vibert'. Vibert retired to the Paris area, where he published articles about roses and grapes.

paragraph: He died on January 27, 1866, age 88.

paragraph: He created numerous cultivars, among which were 'Adèle Heu' named after his wife and 'Aimée Vibert' named after his daughter. He was particularly interested in spotted and striped roses. His hybrids span all the classes in existence at the time, from the once-blooming albas, gallicas and damasks, to the newly introduced chinas, teas and noisettes. He traveled throughout Europe to visit other rosarians, comparing cultivars and distributing new hybrids throughout Europe and to the US. His many articles on rose hybridizing and culture were also of great importance to the development of rose culture.

paragraph: Some of his roses :

paragraph: Section::::Cultivars created or introduced by Jean-Pierre Vibert.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aimable Rouge (1811)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Armide (1816)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adèle Heu (1816)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blanche de Belgique (1817)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petite Lisette (1817)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duchesse de Berry (1818)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diane de Poitiers (1818)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeanne d'Arc (1818)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daphné (1819)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fanny Bias (1819)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agathe Fatime (1820)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duc de Bordeaux (1820)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duchesse d`Angoulème (1821)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ipsilanté (1821)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joséphine de Beauharnais (1823)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amélia (1823)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ombrée Parfaite (1823)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mousseux Ancien (1825)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pourpre (1827)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aimée Vibert (1828)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Camaieux (1830)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Donna Marie (1830)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zoé (1830)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cramoisi Picoté (1832)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hortense de Beauharnais (1834)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blanchefleur (1835)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Quatre Saisons (1836)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agar (1836)

paragraph: BULLET::::- D'Aguesseau (1836)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Invincible (1836)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anaïs Ségalas (1837)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alain Blanchard (1839)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Panachée Double (1839)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oeillet Flamand (1840)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cosimo Ridolfi (1842)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yolande d'Aragon (1843)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Comtesse du Murinais (1843)

paragraph: BULLET::::- De la Grifferaie (1845)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ambroise Paré (1846)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Turenne (1846)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blanc de Vibert (1847)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joasine Hanet (1847)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sidonie (1847)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pélisson (1848)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soeur Marthe (1848)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Béranger (1849)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nathalie (1849)

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Ville de Bruxelles (1849)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zaire (1849)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adèle Pavie (1850)

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Observations sur la nomenclature et le classement des roses, suivies du catalogue de celles cultivées par J. P. Vibert á Chenevières-sur-Marne" – Mme. Huzard, Imprimeur-Librairie, Paris 1832.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Essai sur les roses. Des inconvénients de la greffe du rosier sur l´églantier et des modifications qu´elle nécessite" – Mme. Huzard, Paris 1824–30.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Observations sur la Rose "Triomphe de Valenciennes"" – In: La Revue Horticole, 3e Serie, Vol. IV, 1850 Paris, pp. 42–45

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Des anomalies du rosier" – In: Journal de la Société Impériale et Centrale d´Horticulture. Vol XI (1865), Paris 1865, pp. 343–50

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catalogue des roses cultivées par J. P. Vibertà Saint Denis sur Seine" – Mme. Huzard, Imprimeur-Librairie, Paris 1833.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.csulb.edu/~odinthor/vibert.html A biography of M. Vibert by Brent Dickerson. It includes a long list of roses hybridized by Vibert, including those introduced by others, excluding roses he introduced but did not himself hybridize.

description: French gardener

wikidata_label: Jean-Pierre Vibert

wikipedia_title: Jean-Pierre Vibert


text: Mapuche

text: toqui

text: Lientur

text: Quepuantú

text: malone

text: Maestro de Campo

text: Alonso de Córdoba y Figueroa

text: Pilcohué

text: Francisco Laso de la Vega

text: La Albarrada

text: Malón

text: Lientur

text: Huenucalquin

text: Diego de Rosales

text: Pedro de Cordoba y Figueroa

text: Miguel de Olivares

text: Vicente Carvallo y Goyeneche

categories: 17th-century Mapuche people,History of Chile,Tokis,Indigenous leaders of the Americas

paragraph: Butapichón

paragraph: Butapichón or "Butapichún" or "Putapichon" was the Mapuche toqui from 1625 to 1631, as successor to Lientur. After the death of Quepuantú in 1632 he became toqui once again from 1632 to 1634.

paragraph: Butapichón as toqui lead the Mapuche in successful malones and battles against Spanish forces. On January 24, 1630 he managed to ambush the Maestro de Campo Alonso de Córdoba y Figueroa in Pilcohué without achieving the victory but causing them many casualties. After Quepuantú succeeded him as Toqui the two fought the Spanish led by the very competent Governor Francisco Laso de la Vega who finally defeated them in the pitched battle of La Albarrada on January 13, 1631. Thereafter he refused to engage in open battles against Laso de la Vega, reverting to the Malón strategy of Lientur. The toqui Huenucalquin succeeded Butapichón.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diego de Rosales, “Historia General del Reino de Chile”, Flandes Indiano, 3 tomos. Valparaíso 1877 – 1878.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historia general de el Reyno de Chile: Flandes Indiano Vol. 3 LIBRO VI. LA GUERRA DEFENSIVA. CAPÍTULO XXIII; Libro VII DEL GOBIERNO DE FERNANDEZ DE CÓRDOVA AL DE LAZO DE LA VEGA. 1625–1639. CAPITULO XII.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pedro de Cordoba y Figueroa, Historia de Chile (1492–1717), Coleccion de historiadores de Chile y documentos relativos a la historia nacional, Tomo II, Instituto Chileno de Cultura Hispánica, Academia Chilena de la Historia, Imprenta del Ferrocarril, Santiago, Chile, 1862

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miguel de Olivares, Historia De La Compania De Jesus En Chile (1593–1736), Coleccion de historiadores de Chile y documentos relativos a la historia nacional, Tomo VII, Instituto Chileno de Cultura Hispánica, Academia Chilena de la Historia, Imprenta del Ferrocarril, 1874.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vicente Carvallo y Goyeneche, Descripcion histórico-jeográfica del Reino de Chile, TOMO I, precedida de una biografia del autor por don Miguel L. Amunátegui, Coleccion de historiadores de Chile y documentos relativos a la historia nacional, Tomo VIII, Imprenta de la Libreria Del Mercurio de A. y M. Echeverria, Morando Núm. 38. Santiago de Chile, 1878

description: Mapuche leader

wikidata_label: Butapichón

wikipedia_title: Butapichón


text: botanist

text: lichenologist

text: Marktbreit

text: Germany

text: Moscow

text: Russia

text: University of Erlangen

text: Göttingen University

text: lichen

text: University of Moscow

text: Olof Peter Swartz

text: Hoffmannia

text: Rubiaceae

categories: 19th-century German botanists,19th-century Russian scientists,1760 births,18th-century German botanists,German lichenologists,Imperial Russian botanists,German botanists,1826 deaths,People from Marktbreit,18th-century German writers,Pteridologists

paragraph: Georg Franz Hoffmann

paragraph: Georg Franz Hoffmann was a German botanist and lichenologist, who was born January 13, 1760 in Marktbreit, Germany, and died March 17, 1826 in Moscow, Russia.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: After graduating from the University of Erlangen in 1786, he worked there between 1787 and 1792 as a professor of botany. Between 1792 and 1803 he was Head of the Botany Department and Director of the Botanical Garden of Göttingen University. Already a famous botanist, in particular for his work on lichens, he settled in Moscow in January 1804 and directed the Department of Botany at University of Moscow, as well as the Botanical garden.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Descriptio et adumbratio plantarum e classe cryptogámica Linnaei qua lichenes dicuntur..." (1789-1801)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vegetabilia cryptogama". (1790, Erlangen)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nomenclator Fungorum". (1789-1790, two volumes, Berlin)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Historia salicum, iconibus illustrata". (1785-1787, Leipzig)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deutschlands Flora, oder, Botanisches Taschenbuch (1791, 1795, 1800, and 1804, Erlangen)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Enumeratio plantarum et seminum hort botanici mosquensis". (1808, Moscow)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Genera Plantarum Umbelliferarum" (1814, 1816, Moscow)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Herbarium vivum, sive collectio plantarum siccarun, Caesareae Universitatis Mosquensis. Pars secunda, continents . . ." (1825)

paragraph: In 1787, Olof Peter Swartz (1760–1818) dedicated the genus "Hoffmannia" of the Rubiaceae to him.

paragraph: Section::::References and external links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moscow State University Botanical Server: Georg Franz Hoffmann

description: German botanist

wikidata_label: Georg Franz Hoffmann

wikipedia_title: Georg Franz Hoffmann


text:
Moscow
Imperial Russian Army
Southwestern Front
Red Army
Bolshevik
Russian Revolution

categories: 1857 births,Imperial Russian Army generals,1923 deaths,Russian Provisional Government generals,Russian military personnel of World War I

paragraph: Pyotr Baluyev

paragraph: Pyotr Semyonovich Baluyev (21 June 1857 – 1923 in Moscow) was an army general in the Imperial Russian Army and commander of the Southwestern Front from 24 July 1917 to 31 July 1917.

paragraph: Baluyev was an inspector and an instructor in the Red Army under Bolshevik command after the Russian Revolution of 1917.

description: General in the Imperial Russian Army

wikidata_label: Pyotr Baluyev

wikipedia_title: Pyotr Baluyev


href: Bologna poet playwright

text: Bologna poet playwright

categories: 17th-century Italian poets,18th-century Italian poets,1727 deaths,Italian dramatists and playwrights,1665 births,People from Bologna

paragraph: Pier Jacopo Martello

paragraph: Pier or Pietro Jacopo Martello (28 April 1665, Bologna - 10 May 1727, Bologna) was an Italian poet and playwright.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.bibliotecaitaliana.it/ScrittoriItalia/catalogo/browse/autore-autore.xq?autore=Martello,%20Pier%20Jacopo

description: Italian poet

wikidata_label: Pier Jacopo Martello

wikipedia_title: Pier Jacopo Martello


text:
stage name
Atlanta, Georgia
Prblms
Free 6lack
East Atlanta Love Letter
"Billboard" 200
LoveRenaissance
Interscope Records
Spillage Village
EarthGang
J.I.D
Baltimore, Maryland
Atlanta
Georgia
recording
battle rapper
Young Thug
record deal
Flo Rida
Valdosta State University
SoundCloud
Miami
Spillage Village
EarthGang
LoveRenaissance
Interscope Records
Rolling Stone
Free 6lack
"Billboard" 200
Prblms
"Billboard" Hot 100
The Weeknd
OTW
Khalid
Ty Dolla Sign
single
East Atlanta Love Letter
guest appearance
Future
J. Cole
Offset
THEY.
Tierra Whack
Boogie
Deante' Hitchcock
Summer Walker
Ari Lennox
Waves
Normani
Billboard
Sade
T-Pain
The-Dream
Usher
Free 6lack
East Atlanta Love Letter

categories: 21st-century American musicians,American male singers,American songwriters,African-American male singers,African-American songwriters,African-American male rappers,American male rappers,Rappers from Atlanta,21st-century American rappers,1992 births,Interscope Records artists,African-American singers,Living people,Southern hip hop musicians

paragraph: Ricardo Valdez Valentine (born June 24, 1992), better known by his stage name 6lack (stylized as 6LACK; pronounced "black"), is an American rapper, singer and songwriter from Atlanta, Georgia.

paragraph: He initially gained notable recognition following the release of his single, "Prblms", taken from his debut album, "Free 6lack", which was released in November 2016. He released his second album, "East Atlanta Love Letter" in September 2018, which peaked at number three on the "Billboard" 200 chart. 6lack is currently signed to LoveRenaissance and Interscope Records. He is also a member of the Atlanta-Baltimore music collective Spillage Village, founded by EarthGang and J.I.D.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Valentine was born on June 24, 1992 in Baltimore, Maryland and moved to Atlanta, Georgia with his parents in 1997. He is the oldest of 3 siblings. Valentine's first recording experience was when he was 4 years of age, at his father's studio. He began rapping in middle school as a battle rapper and was involved in many battles in his youth including against rapper Young Thug.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2011–2017: Beginnings and "Free 6lack".

paragraph: 6lack signed a record deal with Flo Rida's International Music Group and Strong Arm Records in July 2011. He left Valdosta State University once he signed, and spent the next few years learning about the industry. 6lack spent five years with the label, putting music out on his SoundCloud account. 6lack had little financial security and spent most of his time sleeping in the studio or outside on the street after moving to Miami to work on music with the record label. 6lack eventually left his label due to issues over artistic license and management. In 2015, 6lack announced that he had joined the musical collective Spillage Village after living with the members of EarthGang, and appeared on four tracks of Spillage Village EP called "Bears Like This Too" in 2015.

paragraph: Once he left the label, he signed with a label LoveRenaissance and Interscope Records. In November 2016, "Rolling Stone" included 6lack in their list of "10 New Artists You Need to Know". He then went on to release his debut studio album, "Free 6lack", which peaked at number 34 on the "Billboard" 200 chart. The album's single "Prblms" peaked at number 73 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart and became his first platinum record. In April 2017, he joined Canadian singer The Weeknd as opening act for his tour in North America.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2018–present: "East Atlanta Love Letter".

paragraph: In April 2018, he released the single "OTW" with Khalid and Ty Dolla Sign, which has reached at number 57 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. "OTW" became 6lack's highest peaking song on the Hot 100.The first single for his sophomore album, "Switch", was released on June 22, 2018 with a music video released on July 16. "Nonchalant" was released as the album's second single on August 17, with its accompanying music video. On September 14, 2018, 6lack released his second studio album, "East Atlanta Love Letter", featuring guest appearances from Future, J. Cole, Offset and Khalid. The album's release was preceded by the singles "Switch" and "Nonchalant." In October 2018, 6lack started a tour for the promotion of the album, with opening acts THEY., Tierra Whack, Boogie, Deante' Hitchcock, Summer Walker, and Ari Lennox. 6lack later featured on several other songs, such as "Waves" by Normani.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.

paragraph: 6lack's music focuses or is based on personal and business relationships frequently, especially the topic of heartbreak. 6lack has said that his songwriting is influenced mainly by his personal experiences and failed relationships. "Billboard" magazine has described 6lack's music as "moody hip hop" that "spotlights vulnerability and honesty in a way the emoji generation can understand." 6lack has cited Sade, T-Pain, The-Dream and Usher as his influences.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In February 2017, 6lack announced the birth of his daughter.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Free 6lack" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "East Atlanta Love Letter" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::Tours.

paragraph: Headlining

paragraph: BULLET::::- From East Atlanta With Love Tour (2018)

paragraph: Supporting

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- DreamVille Festival (April, 2019)

description: American singer, rapper and songwriter from Georgia


text:
Fairfield, Connecticut
Toledo
Toledo Blade
Berkeley, California
Hannibal, Missouri
Trinity College
Hartford, Connecticut
American Civil War
Philip R. Goodwin
Washington D.C.
photogravure
Frank T. Merrill
Mohawk Valley
American Revolution
George III
David Garrick
New England
Salem Town
Puritan

categories: Writers of historical fiction set in Modern Age,American women novelists,1956 deaths,1873 births,Writers from Fairfield, Connecticut

paragraph: Pauline Bradford Mackie

paragraph: Pauline Bradford Mackie Hopkins (July 5, 1873 - 1956) was an American writer of historical fiction.

paragraph: Pauline Bradford Mackie was born in Fairfield, Connecticut on July 5, 1873. Her father, Rev. Andrew Mackie, was an Episcopal clergyman and a scholarly man, from whom she inherited her literary talent. For two years after her graduation from the Toledo High School, she was engaged as a writer on the "Toledo Blade". She soon abandoned this for a literary career, and most of her stories appeared in magazines and newspapers. "Mademoiselle de Berny" and "Ye Lyttle Salem Maide" were, after most trying experiences with publishers, printed in book form. "A Georgian Actress" was written in Berkeley, California, where Hopkins had gone with her husband, Dr. Herbert Müller Hopkins (b. Hannibal, Missouri, 1870), who later became the chair of Latin in Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, where she also wrote two novels of Washington life during the American Civil War.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: "The Washingtonians", with a frontispiece by Philip R. Goodwin, deals with Washington D.C. official society in the early 1860s. The plot is based upon the career of a brilliant and well-known woman, who was at that time a power in official circles. "Mademoiselle de Berny", with five full-page photogravures from drawings by Frank T. Merrill, is a historical story in which Washington is made to figure. "A Georgian Actress", illustrated by E. W. D. Hamilton, is a historical novel dealing with the life of the early settlers in the Mohawk Valley, just before the American Revolution. The heroine is a daughter of Sir William Johnson, Superintendent of Indian Affairs in the Mohawk Valley. From the strange life in the wilderness the ambitious girl is transplanted to the happy life of the court of George III, and becomes famous as an actress in David Garrick's company. "Ye Lyttle Salem Maide: a Story of Witchcraft", is a tale of the days of the reign of superstition in New England, and of a brave "1yttle maide" of Salem Town, whose faith and hope and unyielding adherence to her word of honor form the basis of the story. A convincing picture is drawn of Puritan life during the latter part of the 17th century. "The Story of Kate - a Tale of California Life for Girls", contains illustrations by L. J. Bridgman. Kate is a California girl, whose university course has been interrupted, owing to her father's financial losses. The energetic Kate, not to be daunted by such difficulties, takes a district school in the mountains. The story recounts her experiences among the mountaineers.

description: American writer of historical fiction

wikidata_label: Pauline Bradford Mackie

wikipedia_title: Pauline Bradford Mackie


text:
James II
William III
Glorious Revolution
Member of Parliament
Lichfield
Newport, Isle of Wight
Staffordshire
Sir Richard Leveson (1598-1661)
Leveson-Gower
Wars of the Three Kingdoms
Dudley Castle
Charles I
1661 Corporation Act
James II
Thomas Povey
Groom of the Chamber
Members of Parliament
Lichfield
the Loyal Parliament
dragoons
Monmouth
James II
Alexander Cannon
Duke of Somerset
Declaration of Indulgence
1678 Test Act
Seven Anglican bishops
Church of England
Invitation to William
William III
Torbay
the Glorious Revolution
Colonel
Williamite War in Ireland
the Boyne
Sir Henry Belasyse
Governor of Berwick-upon-Tweed
Jacobite
Aughrim
Treaty of Limerick
Newport, Isle of Wight
Third Regiment of Horse
the Treaty of Ryswick
Nine Years War

categories: People of the Nine Years' War,1659 births,1699 deaths,People from Wolverhampton,Williamite military personnel of the Williamite War in Ireland,3rd The King's Own Hussars officers,17th-century English MPs,People of the Stuart period

paragraph: Richard Leveson (died 1699)

paragraph: Richard Leveson was an English soldier and politician who served under James II and then William III after the 1688 Glorious Revolution. He was Member of Parliament for Lichfield 1685–1687 and for Newport, Isle of Wight from 1692–1695.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Richard Leveson was born 12 July 1659, the eldest of three sons born to Sarah Povey (died 1707) and Robert Leveson (died 1709), a wealthy merchant from Wolverhampton in Staffordshire.

paragraph: His wife Penelope predeceased him in 1697 and they do not appear to have had surviving children, although his will left money to two illegitimate sons, the balance going to his two brothers.

paragraph: His relatives included Sir Richard Leveson (1598-1661) of Trentham Hall, another Royalist, as well as the Leveson-Gower family.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: During the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, his Catholic grandfather Thomas held Dudley Castle for Charles I from 1643-46 and was one of 25 former Royalists listed by Parliament in 1651 as subject to 'perpetual banishment and confiscation;' he died in exile on 8 September 1652.

paragraph: Despite the losses caused by the Civil Wars, in 1660 Robert Leveson's annual income was still around £700, a comfortable income for the period. Records show he was closely involved in Staffordshire politics, for example helping the Government implement the 1661 Corporation Act in the boroughs. While neither Richard or Robert were Catholic, they were a substantial and important county family with a record of loyalty to the Crown. They were also connected to the future James II through Sarah's father Thomas Povey, his Treasurer from 1660-1668.

paragraph: When James became King in February 1685, Richard was appointed Groom of the Chamber; the function of such positions was less important than the status which indicated physical proximity and thus the King's favour. In May, he was elected as one of two Members of Parliament for Lichfield in what became known as the Loyal Parliament.

paragraph: In June 1685, he was Captain of a troop of dragoons when the Monmouth revolt broke out; the rebellion itself quickly collapsed but James II expanded his army as a result. In August 1685 Leveson's troop became part of a new regiment, the Queen Consort's Light Dragoons, with Alexander Cannon as Lt-Colonel and the Duke of Somerset as Colonel. Cannon was promoted Colonel when the Duke of Somerset fell from favour in August 1687, with Leveson as Lt-Colonel.

paragraph: In late 1687, James acted to ensure a Parliament that would vote for his Declaration of Indulgence; anyone who wished to stand for election had first to confirm support for the repeal of the 1678 Test Act, a measure requiring holders of public office to swear to uphold 'the Protestant religion.' His father Robert confirmed his willingness to do so but Richard refused; combined with the trial of the Seven Anglican bishops for seditious libel in June 1688, many of James' supporters now viewed his policies as going beyond toleration for Catholicism into an assault on the Church of England. The vast majority now abandoned him; the seven signatories of the Invitation to William asking him to assume the English throne included representatives from the Tories, the Whigs, the Church and the Navy.

paragraph: William III landed at Torbay on 5 November 1688 in the invasion known as the Glorious Revolution; with the exception of Cannon, Leveson and the majority of the Regiment defected, an action leading to his exclusion from a General Amnesty issued by James in May 1692. William appointed him Colonel in place of Cannon; the regiment now became known as 'Leveson's Dragoons,' since they were then considered the property of their Colonel and changed names when transferred.

paragraph: The regiment was in Ireland during the 1689-1691 Williamite War in Ireland and fought at the Boyne in July 1690, Leveson being promoted Brigadier-General. While on leave in London in early 1691, he fought a duel with Sir Henry Belasyse, a fellow officer in Ireland. At this time, he was also appointed Governor of Berwick-upon-Tweed, a position he held until his death, although mostly absent.

paragraph: Jacobite defeat at Aughrim in August 1691 led to the Treaty of Limerick ending the war in Ireland; his regiment returned to England in February 1692 and December was returned as MP for Newport, Isle of Wight. On 19 January 1694, he transferred to the Third Regiment of Horse and returned to full time military service in Flanders. He did not stand for Parliament in 1695 and remained in Flanders until the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697 ended the Nine Years War. He died in March 1699.

description: politician

wikidata_label: Richard Leveson

wikipedia_title: Richard Leveson (died 1699)


text:
bishop of Pamplona
Barbazan-Dessus
county of Bigorre
canon regular
cathedral of Pamiers
Pope John XXII
Paris
Philip V
Oro
Monjardín
Adarreta
Ázqueta
Luquin
Urbiola
livres
patronato
Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry
Cadreita
Cáseda
Cirauqui
Echarri-Aranaz
Elcarte
Lerín
Miranda de Arga
Peralta
Sesma
Villamayor
Villatuerta
Philip III
Joan II
"Fueros" of Navarre
crusade of Algeciras
Pope Clement VII
Charles II
Bernard Folcaut
Tudela
archdiocese of Zaragoza
College of Navarre
Toulouse
cathedral of Pamplona
cloister
French Gothic

paragraph: Arnaldo de Barbazán

paragraph: Arnaldo de Barbazán (died 6 November 1355) was the bishop of Pamplona from 1318 until his death.

paragraph: Arnaldo was born in Barbazan-Dessus in the county of Bigorre into a noble family of merely local prominence. He was a canon regular in the cathedral of Pamiers when Pope John XXII appointed him to the vacant see of Pamplona in January 1318.

paragraph: In 1319, Arnaldo was part of the delegation sent to Paris to take the oath of the French king Philip V, who had also succeeded to the Navarrese throne as Philip II. While still in Paris in September, he negotiated an accord with Philip settling the disputed temporal rights of the diocese of Pamplona. This agreement was confirmed by the pope and came into effect in 1321. Arnaldo renounced his jurisdiction in the city of Pamplona itself, his lordship over the castles of Oro and Monjardín and the villages of Adarreta, Ázqueta, Luquin, Urbiola and Villanueva. In exchange he received 500 "livres" and the "patronato" of the churches of Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry, Cadreita, Cáseda, Cirauqui, Echarri-Aranaz, Elcarte, Lerín, Miranda de Arga, Peralta, Sesma, Villamayor and Villatuerta.

paragraph: On 5 March 1329, Arnaldo anointed Philip III and Joan II as king and queen of Navarre in the cathedral. He subsequently fell out with Philip III in 1333 over the latter's "Amejoramiento del Fuero", a major revision of the "Fueros" of Navarre, which required the bishop of Pamplona to provide 100 knights for service in the royal army. Philip invoked this provision during the crusade of Algeciras in 1343. Following Philip's death on the crusade, the procurator-general Jacques Licras ceased Arnaldo's lands and put him on trial. Only the intervention of Pope Clement VII restored good relations between Arnaldo and his sovereign, now Joan II. Only after Joan's death in 1349, did King Charles II restore Arnaldo's lands.

paragraph: As bishop, Arnaldo was aided by men of high calibre: the jurist Pierre Roger de Pujols, the diocesan vicar (later bishop) Bernard Folcaut and the dean of Tudela, Jean Cruzat. He held six diocesan synods in 1325, 1330, 1346, 1349, 1354 and possibly 1341. After July 1318, Pamplona was subject to the archdiocese of Zaragoza and Arnaldo faithfully attended in person or by delegation all the provincial synods held in Zaragoza. He shut down the theological school at the College of Navarre in Paris because the students preferred to study in Toulouse.

paragraph: Arnaldo added the chapel that bears his name, the "Capilla de Barbazana", to the cathedral of Pamplona. Part of the cloister where the canons live, it has an impressive star-shaped vault and is a masterpiece of French Gothic in Navarre. Work on the cloister was finished during Arnaldo's episcopate. He also built the crypt beneath his chapel where he and several later bishops were buried.

wikidata_label: Arnaldo de Barbazán

wikipedia_title: Arnaldo de Barbazán


text: Tournai

text: count of Louvain

text: landgrave of Brabant

text: Henry II

text: count of Louvain

text: Brussels

text: Everard of Orthen

text: count of Louvain

text: Baldwin II of Hainaut

text: Robert I of Flanders

text: bishop of Liège

text: Henri I of Verdun

text: lawlessness

text: landgrave of Brabant

text: fief

text: Dender

text: Zenne

text: tournament

text: Tournai

text: joust

text: Gertrude of Flanders

text: Robert I of Flanders

text: Gertrude of Saxony

text: Godfrey I of Leuven

text: Adelaide

text: Simon I of Lorraine

text: Lambert, count of Montaigu and Clermont

text: Theodoric II of Lorraine

text: Thierry of Alsace

text: Dukes of Brabant family tree

categories: 1095 deaths,House of Leuven,Margraves of Antwerp,Counts of Louvain

paragraph: Henry III, Count of Louvain

paragraph: Henry III of Louvain (German: "Heinrich", Dutch:"Hendrik", French: "Henri"), died in Tournai in 1095, was count of Louvain (Leuven) and landgrave of Brabant, son of Henry II (c. 1020–1078), count of Louvain and Brussels, and Adela of Orthen (or Betuwe), a daughter of Count Everard of Orthen.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: At his father Henry's death 1078 he became count of Louvain.

paragraph: He was allied by family marriages to most of the nearby lords: he was brother-in-law of Baldwin II of Hainaut, and son-in-law of Robert I of Flanders. The bishop of Liège, Henri I of Verdun, was peace-loving. Henry was able to concentrate on the internal affairs of his lands, without external threats. He supported religious foundations in the western parts, and legislated to reduce lawlessness.

paragraph: After the death on 20 September 1085 of Hermann II, count palatine of Lotharingia, he became landgrave of Brabant, which was an imperial fief between the Dender and the Zenne.

paragraph: In July 1095, he took part in a tournament in Tournai. Fighting in a joust against Gosuin de Forest, he was mortally wounded.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: About 1090 he married Gertrude of Flanders (1080–1117), daughter of Robert I of Flanders and Gertrude of Saxony.

paragraph: A genealogy of the time attributes to him four daughters (not named). Since he was succeeded by his brother Godfrey I of Leuven, it is inferred that he did not leave a son as heir. It has been suggested that the daughters included:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adelaide, wife of duke Simon I of Lorraine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gertrude, wife to Lambert, count of Montaigu and Clermont.

paragraph: Gertrude of Flanders, widowed, married in 1096 duke Theodoric II of Lorraine (died 1115) and was mother of Thierry of Alsace ("Theodoric").

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dukes of Brabant family tree

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chronique des Ducs de Brabant, Adrian van Baerland, Antwerp (1612).

description: Belgian noble

wikidata_label: Henry III, Count of Louvain

wikipedia_title: Henry III, Count of Louvain


text: American

text: sociologist

text: ethnographer

text: sociology

text: African-American

text: Columbia University

text: Facebook

text: Public/Private Ventures

text: underground economy

text: street prostitution

text: Steven Levitt

text: B.A.

text: mathematics

text: University of California, San Diego

text: University of Chicago

text: William Julius Wilson

text: Robert Taylor Homes

text: Chicago

text: Gang Leader for a Day

text: Steven Levitt

text: Condom

text: Columbia University

text: ISERP

text: The New York Times

text: American Sociological Association

text: City & Community

text: Gang Leader for a Day

text: Steven Levitt

text: Stephen Dubner

text: Freakonomics

text: At the Top of My Voice

text: Illegal drug trade

text: Researcher Studies Gangs by Leading one

categories: American male scientists of Indian descent,American pacifists,University of Chicago alumni,American people of Tamil descent,1966 births,Urban sociologists,Indian emigrants to the United States,University of California, San Diego alumni,American sociologists,Scientists from Chennai,Living people,Columbia University faculty

paragraph: Sudhir Venkatesh

paragraph: Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh (born 1966) is an American sociologist and urban ethnographer. He is a former professor of sociology and African-American studies at Columbia University. As of September 2016, he has taken a position at Facebook. He was a board member at Philadelphia-based nonprofit Public/Private Ventures until it disbanded on 31 July 2012. In his work, Venkatesh has documented criminal gangs and the drug trade, and has written about the dynamics of the underground economy including street prostitution, contributing his findings to the research of economics professor Steven Levitt.

paragraph: Raised in Irvine, California, Venkatesh received a B.A. in mathematics from the University of California, San Diego in 1988. He attended graduate school at the University of Chicago where he studied under Professor William Julius Wilson, focusing on Robert Taylor Homes, a housing project in Chicago about which he wrote a book, "American Project." Venkatesh also authored a 2008 book titled, "Gang Leader for a Day: A Rogue Sociologist Takes To The Streets". The book chronicles the life of urban poor in Chicago, particularly the Robert Taylor Homes and the gang, the Black Kings, whose leader "J.T." he befriended (J.T. was renamed in the book for anonymity). He found that most foot soldiers in drug gangs make only $3.30 an hour.

paragraph: In a separate research project with Steven Levitt, he hired former sex workers to track working street prostitutes in Chicago, finding that they make about $30–$35 an hour, with those working with pimps making more and suffering fewer arrests. A street prostitute was arrested about once per 450 sexual encounters ("tricks"). Condoms were used in only 20% of the contacts.

paragraph: In 2009 Venkatesh became director of Columbia University's Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy, or ISERP. In 2011 Venkatesh was the subject of an investigation on spending at ISERP. In 2012 Venkatesh revealed to "The New York Times" that he had reimbursed Columbia University for approximately $13,000 for funds that were misallocated during his tenure as director of ISERP. Venkatesh currently writes about the advertising industry. He is also co-editor of the American Sociological Association journal entitled "City & Community".

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "American Project. The Rise and Fall of a Modern Ghetto", Harvard University Press, 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Off the Books. The Underground Economy of the Urban Poor", Harvard University Press, 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gang Leader for a Day: A Rogue Sociologist Takes to the Streets", Penguin Press, 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Floating City: A Rogue Sociologist Lost and Found in New York's Underground Economy", Penguin Press, 2013

paragraph: He has also contributed to Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner's "Freakonomics" in a chapter entitled, "Why Do Drug Dealers Still Live With Their Moms?"

paragraph: Section::::Documentaries.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dislocation" – In February 2002, families living in the Robert Taylor Homes public housing development were given a 180‑day notice of eviction. In six months, the community that had been their home for generations would be demolished. Dislocation chronicles the lives of tenants in one building as they move through the six-month relocation process.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "At-Risk" – This book highlights both the experiences of individuals who are operating under conditions of risk and the efforts of organizations who are providing assistance to them. The film will focus on the role of the United States as a place of refuge and a base for advocacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Abhidya" – This narrative feature film examines one South Asian-American woman's exposure to the post-9/11 effects on her community.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "At the Top of My Voice" – a 2009 documentary about events in the Republic of Georgia in late 2007 and early 2008.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Illegal drug trade

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Researcher Studies Gangs by Leading one on NPR website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Everything you always wanted to know about street gangs but didn't know whom to ask Venkatesh answering questions by readers of the Freakonomics blog

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steven Levitt: the Freakonomics of inner-city gangs (video) Steven Levitt discusses the economics of street gangs and Venkatesh's findings (TED 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- SAJAforum web radio interview with Venkatesh (one hour) - a conversation about his books, his work and academia with Sree Sreenivasan of SAJAforum.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- C-SPAN "Q&A" interview with Venkatesh, 3 February 2008

description: Indian-American sociologist and urban ethnographer

wikidata_label: Sudhir Venkatesh

wikipedia_title: Sudhir Venkatesh


text: peer

text: competitor for the Scottish throne

text: Great Cause

text: Henry de Hastings

text: Henry III of England

text: George de Cantilupe

text: Baron Bergavenny

text: George de Cantilupe

text: Abergavenny Castle

text: honour of Abergavenny

text: King Edward I

text: Seneschal of Gascony

text: Scottish

text: David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon

text: King David I

text: Pope Boniface VIII

text: John Hastings, 2nd Baron Hastings

text: Edmund

text: Isabella de Beauchamp

text: Hugh Hastings of Sutton

text: Jordan Foliot

text: William de Braose

text: John

categories: Hastings family,Anglo-Normans in Wales,1262 births,13th-century English people,Norman warriors,14th-century English people,1313 deaths,Competitors for the Crown of Scotland,Barons Hastings

paragraph: John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings

paragraph: John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (6 May 1262 – 28 February 1313) was an English peer and soldier of the Middle Ages. Hastings was a competitor for the Scottish throne in 1290/92 in the Great Cause.

paragraph: Section::::Baron.

paragraph: Hastings was the son of Henry de Hastings, who was summoned to Parliament by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester as Lord Hastings in 1263. However, this creation was not recognized by the King Henry III of England although John Hastings is sometimes referred to as the second Baron Hastings. His mother was Joanna de Cantilupe, sister and heiress of his uncle George de Cantilupe (d.1273).

paragraph: He became the 13th Baron Bergavenny by tenure on the death of his uncle George de Cantilupe in 1273, and thereby acquired

paragraph: Abergavenny Castle and the honour of Abergavenny.

paragraph: Section::::Soldier.

paragraph: Hastings fought from the 1290s in the Scottish, Irish and French wars of King Edward I and held the offices of Seneschal of Gascony and Lieutenant of Aquitaine simultaneously.

paragraph: In 1290 he had unsuccessfully contested the Scottish crown as grandson of Ada, third daughter of David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon, who was a grandson of King David I. The same year he was summoned to the English Parliament as Lord Hastings.

paragraph: In 1301, he signed a letter to Pope Boniface VIII, protesting against papal interference in Scottish affairs.

paragraph: Section::::Family and succession.

paragraph: Lord Hastings married as his first wife Isabel de Valence, daughter of William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke and had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Hastings (1282–1311)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Hastings, 2nd Baron Hastings (29 September 1286 – 20 January 1325), married to Juliane de Leybourne (died 1367). They had a son:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lawrence who later became earl of Pembroke.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edmund, who was summoned to Parliament as Lord Hastings in 1299.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth who married Sir Roger de Grey, 1st Lord Grey (of Ruthin).

paragraph: He married second Isabel le Despenser, daughter of Hugh le Despenser and Isabella de Beauchamp. They had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas de Hastings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret de Hastings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Hugh Hastings of Sutton (died 1347), married Margery Foliot (granddaughter of Jordan Foliot and of William de Braose). Had issue.

paragraph: He died in February 1313, aged 50, and was succeeded in the Barony by his eldest son John.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). "Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage" (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

description: English noble

wikidata_label: John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings

wikipedia_title: John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings


text: KG

text: George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury

text: Anne Hastings

text: William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings

text: Katherine Neville

text: Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury

text: Chamberlain of the Exchequer

text: Roman Catholic

text: Henry VIII

text: Worksop Priory

text: Scotland

text: Battle of Pinkie Cleugh

text: Council of the North

text: Edward VI

text: Lady Jane Grey

text: Mary I

text: Knight of the Garter

text: Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre

text: George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury

text: Anne Talbot

text: John Braye, 2nd Baron Braye

text: Edmund Braye, 1st Baron Braye

text: Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton

text: vita patris

text: Grace Shakerley

text: Robert Shakerley

text: Biography at the Tudor Place

categories: Earls of Shrewsbury,Talbot family,16th-century English nobility,Knights of the Garter,People of the Tudor period,1500 births,1560 deaths

paragraph: Francis Talbot, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury

paragraph: Sir Francis Talbot, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury, 5th Earl of Waterford, 11th Baron Talbot, KG (1500 – 25 September 1560) was the son of George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury, and Anne Hastings. He also held the subsidiary titles of 14th Baron Strange of Blackmere and 10th Baron Furnivall.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: His maternal grandparents were William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings, and Katherine Neville. Katherine was a daughter of Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, and Alice Neville, 5th Countess of Salisbury.

paragraph: He succeeded his father in 1538, taking over his father's position as Chamberlain of the Exchequer for life.

paragraph: Though a Roman Catholic, he retained the royal favour during the reign of Henry VIII, and received some lands from the dissolution of the monasteries, including those belonging to Worksop Priory. While he took little part in national politics, he was a powerful figure in the North of the kingdom. He took part in the invasion of Scotland which culminated in the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh (1547), and was made President of the Council of the North in 1549. Under Edward VI he conformed to the reformed religion but it was no secret that his sympathies were with the Catholic faith. Although not normally active in national politics he was a member of the King's Council; some of his fellow Councillors are said to have feared that he might raise the West in favour of Mary. While he did not oppose the proclamation of Lady Jane Grey as Queen, he almost certainly worked to persuade the Council to recognise Mary I and was one of the first to openly voice support for her. Mary rewarded him with a place on her Council.

paragraph: He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1545.

paragraph: He married Mary Dacre (1502–1538), daughter of Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre, on 30 November 1523. They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury (1528–1590)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne Talbot, Baroness Bray, Baroness Wharton (c. 1524 – 3 February 1585). Married in 1542 her first husband John Braye, 2nd Baron Braye, son and heir of Edmund Braye, 1st Baron Braye; she married secondly in 1561 Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton. There is no evidence she had issue by either husband.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Talbot (d. "vita patris" unmarried and without issue)

paragraph: He married a second time to Grace Shakerley (d. 1560), daughter of Robert Shakerley. They had one son, Sir John Talbot, born in 1541 in Grafton, Worcester, England

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography at the Tudor Place

description: son of George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury and Anne Hastings

wikidata_label: Francis Talbot, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury

wikipedia_title: Francis Talbot, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury


text:
game warden
Maine North Woods
Allagash River
Saint John River
canoeing
canoe
Allagash Wilderness Waterway
Allagash, Maine
logging
pirogue
Bangor and Aroostook Railroad
Saint Francis, Maine
log driving
International Paper Company
fir
Maine
Umsaskis Lake
Lac-Frontière, Quebec
snowshoe
Édouard Lacroix
French Canadian
animal trapping
hunting
deer
bomber
bobcat
American black bear
Jackman, Maine
Easter
Eglin Air Force Base
Fort Walton Beach, Florida

categories: 1902 births,People from Aroostook County, Maine,1978 deaths

paragraph: Dave Jackson (Maine game warden)

paragraph: Dave Jackson (1902–1978) was a game warden who lived in the Maine North Woods through the first half of the 20th century. He was born and raised near the confluence of the Allagash River and Saint John River. As canoeing became a popular recreational activity he was remembered as the man with the greatest canoe skill on the Allagash Wilderness Waterway. He routinely took canvas canoes through rapids at the mouth of the Allagash and both upstream and downstream through Big Black Rapids on the Saint John River.

paragraph: Section::::Allagash Plantation.

paragraph: Dave was born 2 September 1902 at Ouellette Farm on the Saint John River. He was the eldest of six children of David Jackson and Elizabeth (Gardner) Jackson. The Jackson family owned a farm in Allagash, Maine. Dave's father farmed the land during the brief summers and assisted logging operations during the remainder of the year. Dave and his father freighted supplies up the Saint John River in pine pirogues from the Bangor and Aroostook Railroad at Saint Francis, Maine. Dave left school after the eighth grade to learn log driving before leaving home to work as a timber cruiser for International Paper Company. He learned from the river drivers how to build a soft mattress of fir boughs to keep his bedding dry above the moist ground or snow.

paragraph: Section::::Umsaskis Lake.

paragraph: In 1929 Dave Jackson was employed as a Maine game warden assigned to live and work out of a small 255-square-foot (24-square-meter) cabin on Umsaskis Lake on the upper Allagash River. The cabin was one-quarter mile (400 meters) from the unpaved Lacroix road from Lac-Frontière, Quebec and could be reached only on snowshoes for most of the winter. His patrol area consisted of twenty townships with a combined population of about 3000 living mostly in 50 scattered logging camps. Patrols lasting up to ten-days were made on snowshoes through the winter months and by canoe or on foot during the summer. The area had been logged in the early 19th century, and Édouard Lacroix began cutting second-growth hardwood and pulpwood in 1926. Many of the men working in the logging camps were French Canadians unfamiliar with Maine laws, unable to read English, and accustomed to animal trapping and hunting for food. Warden Jackson narrowly avoided being hanged by an illegal snare set for deer. When he arrested poachers, they often had to snowshoe more than 60 miles (100 km) to court.

paragraph: Dave Jackson was a patient, quiet man not given to argument, bragging, or speaking ill of others. He came home from one patrol with a bullet hole through his hat, but said nothing of the cause. He became known as a good, honest, and loyal civil servant who was often called upon to assist lost hunters or upset canoes. He led a 500-man search for the crew of a crashed Canadian bomber. Four airmen were rescued as December temperatures dipped to 40 below zero, but the body of the fifth was not discovered until the following spring.

paragraph: Maine law provided a bounty on bobcat and American black bear at the time, and Jackson was called upon to shoot bears damaging logging camp kitchens. One bobcat lost a fight with Dave's dog, but regained consciousness as Dave was dragging it back to camp. Dave killed the 30-pound (14-kg) bobcat by swinging it around by the hind leg until its head hit something solid.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He married Annette Hetu in Jackman, Maine on Easter Sunday 1932. In 1938 he was promoted to chief warden of the Allagash District and moved back to the family farm at Allagash Plantation where schooling was available for their three children born while they lived on Umsaskis Lake. Their fourth child was born in 1943. Warden Jackson retired in 1952; and began spending winters near their daughter while her husband was stationed at Eglin Air Force Base. He and his wife spent their final years living near their daughter's family in Fort Walton Beach, Florida where he died in 1978.

description: American canoeist

wikidata_label: Dave Jackson

wikipedia_title: Dave Jackson (Maine game warden)


text:
American football
linebacker
college football
Texas Christian University
Arizona Cardinals
2010 NFL Draft
Irving High School
Irving, Texas
Texas-Oklahoma Oil Bowl All-Star Game
Texas Christian University
TCU Horned Frogs football
true freshman
2008 Poinsettia Bowl
Boise State
Butkus Award
Sports Illustrated
Arizona Cardinals
2010 NFL Draft
2012 All-Pro Team
2013 Pro Bowl
NFC
Dallas Cowboys
Phoenix, Arizona
Phoenix Police
TCU Horned Frogs bio
Arizona Cardinals bio

categories: Sportspeople from the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex,People from Irving, Texas,1986 births,TCU Horned Frogs football players,American football linebackers,Arizona Cardinals players,Living people

paragraph: Daryl Washington

paragraph: Daryl Lewis Washington (born October 9, 1986) is a former American football linebacker. He played college football for Texas Christian University (TCU), and was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the second round of the 2010 NFL Draft. In May 2014, he was suspended indefinitely by the league for violating its substance abuse policies and was not reinstated until April 2017, where he was released by the Cardinals shortly after.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.

paragraph: Washington attended Irving High School in Irving, Texas. He was named all-district defensive player of the year after he totaled 168 tackles with four sacks as a senior. He was selected to play in the Texas-Oklahoma Oil Bowl All-Star Game.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Washington attended Texas Christian University, where he played for the TCU Horned Frogs football team from 2006 to 2009. As a true freshman in 2006, he contributed at linebacker and on special teams. He recorded 16 tackles for the season (14 solo). In his sophomore year, he blocked a nation-best three punts, while also registering 32 tackles for the season (25 solo).

paragraph: Although still primarily a back-up and special teams player, Washington was TCU's fourth-leading tackler with 63 stops in 2008. He started the 2008 Poinsettia Bowl and posted six tackles and three pass breakups in TCU's victory over Boise State. He started at middle linebacker in 2009 and established himself as one of the leaders TCU's defense, which was one of the best in the nation. He was named one of 12 semifinalists for the 2009 Butkus Award. He earned first-team All-MWC and All-American selections.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Washington was projected to be a second round pick by "Sports Illustrated". He was ranked as the fourth best outside linebacker available in the draft by Sports Illustrated and was ranked the fifth best outside linebacker by DraftScout.com.

paragraph: The Arizona Cardinals selected Washington in the second round (47th overall) of the 2010 NFL Draft.

paragraph: In 2010, Washington had 78 tackles, one sack, one forced fumble, and one interception that he fumbled.

paragraph: Having started at inside linebacker since his rookie-season in 2010, Washington emerged to become among the best linebackers in NFL, being named to the 2012 All-Pro Team as well as being selected to participate in the 2013 Pro Bowl as an alternate for the NFC roster.

paragraph: Washington agreed to a six-year contract extension on September 6, 2012.

paragraph: Washington was suspended by the NFL in May 2014 before being conditionally reinstated on April 25, 2017. On May 11, 2017, the Arizona Cardinals officially released Washington after he refused to take a pay cut and agreed to be paid the veteran minimum. On July 5, 2017, it was reported that the Dallas Cowboys were interested in possibly signing Washington.

paragraph: Section::::Controversies.

paragraph: Section::::Controversies.:NFL suspensions.

paragraph: On April 3, 2013, the NFL announced that Washington would be suspended for the first four games of the season for violating the league's substance policy. On May 30, 2014, Washington was suspended indefinitely for violating the league's substance policy again. He was conditionally reinstated on April 25, 2017, but was released by the Cardinals a month later.

paragraph: Section::::Controversies.:Assault.

paragraph: On May 3, 2013, Washington was arrested in Phoenix, Arizona on two counts of aggravated assault (and one count of criminal trespass in the first-degree) from an incident on May 1, 2013 involving his 27-year-old ex-girlfriend with whom he shares a daughter. The altercation concerned a custody dispute over the 5-month-old child. Phoenix Police accuse him of pushing her with two hands, causing her to fall and break her right collarbone. On March 24, 2014, he pleaded guilty to the crime of aggravated assault, a class 6 felony. Washington was sentenced to one-year of supervised probation on April 23, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- TCU Horned Frogs bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arizona Cardinals bio

description: American football player, linebacker

wikidata_label: Daryl Washington

wikipedia_title: Daryl Washington


text:
Mickey Walker
Tommy Milligan
National Sporting Club

paragraph: Eugene Corri

paragraph: Eugene Corri (c. 1857 − 21 December 1933) was a boxing referee. He was well-known and popular in the U.K., and was himself a boxer in his youth. His father changed his surname from Corry to Corri to make it appear more Italian in the hopes of furthering his singing career. Corri refereed over 2,000 fights, including Mickey Walker against Tommy Milligan in 1927. He makes an appearance as himself in Alfred Hitchcock's silent movie "The Ring" (1927), introduced to the audience by the MC. He was one of the original members of the National Sporting Club. He published several books, including "Fifty Years in the Ring", which appeared the summer before he died. He died in Southend on 21 December 1933.

wikidata_label: Eugene Corri

wikipedia_title: Eugene Corri


text: Finnish

text: rally

text: co-driver

text: Marcus Grönholm

text: Peugeot

text: Ford

text: World Rally Championship

text: drivers' world championship

categories: World Rally Championship co-drivers,Finnish rally co-drivers,Living people,1964 births

paragraph: Timo Rautiainen (co-driver)

paragraph: Timo Rautiainen (born 13 November 1964) is a Finnish former rally co-driver. He is best known for co-driving for Marcus Grönholm from 1995 to 2007. Rautiainen and Grönholm drove for Peugeot (2000–05) and Ford (2006-07) in the World Rally Championship, and won 30 world rallies and two drivers' world championship titles together. Rautiainen is married to Grönholm's sister.

description: Finnish rally co-driver

wikidata_label: Timo Rautiainen

wikipedia_title: Timo Rautiainen (co-driver)


text:
Viscount of Béarn
dukes of Aquitaine
Count of Bigorre
Gaston III
duke of Gascony
viscount of Lomagne
Centule IV
Morlaas
Acqs
Salies
Oloron
fuero
Fors de Bearn
Gregorian reform
Holy See
Santa Fe de Morlaas
romanesque
Pope Gregory VII
Bernard II of Gascony
Gaston IV
Abbey of Cluny
Beatrice I of Bigorre
Bernard
Centule
Talesa
Sancho V of Navarre
Montaner
Crown of Aragon
Dax
Zaragoza
El Cid Campeador
Moors
Huesca
Tena Valley

paragraph: Centule V, Viscount of Béarn

paragraph: Centule V (or "Centulle"; died 1090), called the Young, was the Viscount of Béarn from 1058 to his death. Centule increased the autonomy of the viscounts of Béarn and distanced them from the dukes of Aquitaine, to whom they owed theoretical vassalage. Centule was also Count of Bigorre "jure uxoris" as Centule I.

paragraph: Centule was the eldest son of Gaston III and the important Gascon lady Adalais (sister of the duke of Gascony and the viscount of Lomagne), and was successor of his paternal grandfather Centule IV. Centule was almost a sovereign prince. He minted his own money in his capital of Morlaas. He received the viscounty of Acqs and the countries of Orthe and Salies from the duke of Aquitaine, who freed him from nominal ties of vassalage. He was the only person with the right to call on the knights of Béarn, who owed fealty to none but him. He granted the deserted city of Oloron a charter repopulating it. Centuries later, this fuero, called the "For de Oloron", would be incorporated into the other Fors de Bearn.

paragraph: Centule was a great participant in the Gregorian reform and he maintained excellent relations with the Holy See. He made many donations to the church and initiated the construction of the church of Santa Fe de Morlaas, the first romanesque edifice in Béarn. Pope Gregory VII referred to him as an "amator justitiae", lover of justice; "defensor pauperum", defender of the poor; and "propagator pacis", propagator of the peace. Towards 1060, Centule married a relative of his, probably a cousin, possibly a daughter of Bernard II of Gascony, named Gisela (Gisla), with whom he had two children, his heir Gaston IV and a daughter named Osquinette. The pope, however, exhorted him to break the marriage on grounds of consanguinity, which he obediently did (1074), founding, in penitence, a priory at Morlaas dependent on the Abbey of Cluny.

paragraph: Centule married for a second time in 1077 to Beatrice I of Bigorre. With her he had other children: Bernard and Centule, both future counts of Bigorre. Centule married his eldest son to Talesa, a natural daughter of Sancho V of Navarre, and Gaston received the neighbouring viscounty of Montaner as a dowry, thus uniting it to the dominion of Béarn. It can be seen that, through strategic marriages, Centule expanded his control to include his western neighbours Bigorre and Montaner and solidified an alliance with his royal neighbour to the south, the Crown of Aragon. However, he had to war with his neighbours to the east. In 1082, he launched an attack on Dax, but was severely defeated.

paragraph: In 1079, Centule participated in the attempt to take Zaragoza that was repelled by El Cid Campeador, then in the service of the Moors. In 1090, he travelled anew into Aragon at the head of Bearnese troops to assist in an assault on Huesca under the guidance of Sancho, but he was assassinated in the Tena Valley. Gaston succeeded him and continued in his policies of aggrandisement and friendly church-state relations.

description: French noble

wikidata_label: Centule V, Viscount of Béarn

wikipedia_title: Centule V, Viscount of Béarn


text: French

text: physician

text: blood transfusion

text: xenotransfusion

text: Montpellier

text: King Louis XIV

text: blood transfusion

text: sheep

text: leech

text: allergic reaction

text: arsenic poisoning

text: Karl Landsteiner's

text: blood groups

categories: 1643 births,1704 deaths,17th-century French physicians

paragraph: Jean-Baptiste Denys

paragraph: Jean-Baptiste Denys (1643 – 3 October 1704) was a French physician notable for having performed the first fully documented human blood transfusion, a xenotransfusion. He studied in Montpellier and was the personal physician to King Louis XIV.

paragraph: Section::::Attempts to transfuse blood.

paragraph: Denys administered the first fully documented human blood transfusion on June 15, 1667. He transfused about twelve ounces of sheep blood into a 15-year-old boy, who had been bled with leeches 20 times. The boy survived the transfusion. Denys performed another transfusion into a labourer, who also survived. Both instances were likely due to the small amount of blood that was actually transfused into these people, which allowed them to withstand the allergic reaction.

paragraph: In the winter of 1667, Denys administered transfusions of calf's blood to Antoine Mauroy, a madman. Mauroy died during the third transfusion. Much controversy surrounded his death. Mauroy's wife asserted Denys was responsible for her husband's death, and Denys was charged with murder. He was acquitted, and Mauroy's wife was accused of causing his death. After the trial, Denys quit the practice of medicine. It was later determined that Mauroy actually died from arsenic poisoning. Denys' experiments with animal blood provoked a heated controversy in France, and in 1670 the procedure was banned. It was not until after Karl Landsteiner's discovery of the four blood groups in 1902 that blood transfusions became safe and reliable. Denys—the man who boldly championed transfusion against all odds—invented styptic, used to stop mild bleeding. If he was not able to ensure his legacy by making blood flow, he would do it by making blood stop entirely. Denys died in 1704 at the age of sixty-nine.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Red Gold - Innovators & Pioneers: Jean-Baptiste Denis

description: French physician

wikidata_label: Jean-Baptiste Denys

wikipedia_title: Jean-Baptiste Denys


text:
Spartan
Seven Sages of Greece
Herodotus
Hippocrates, the father of
Peisistratus
Diogenes Laërtius
Olympiad
ephor
Sparta
Alcidamas
Sicyon
Peloponnesian League
Olympic games
Anaxandridas II
Cleomenes I
elegiac poems
Seven Sages
Franz Kiechle
Der Kleine Pauly
Diogenes Laërtius
Pliny

categories: 6th-century BC Spartans,Ancient Spartan poets,Seven Sages of Greece

paragraph: Chilon of Sparta

paragraph: Chilon of Sparta (fl. 6th century BC) was a Spartan and one of the Seven Sages of Greece.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Chilon was the son of Damagetus, and lived towards the beginning of the 6th century BC. Herodotus speaks of him as contemporary with Hippocrates, the father of Peisistratus. Diogenes Laërtius states that he was an old man in the 52nd Olympiad (572 BC), and that he was elected an ephor (overseer) in Sparta in the 56th Olympiad (556/5 BC). Alcidamas states that he was a member of the Spartan assembly. Diogenes Laërtius even goes so far as to claim that Chilon was also the first person who introduced the custom of joining the ephors to the kings as their counselors.

paragraph: Chilon is said to have helped to overthrow the tyranny at Sicyon, which became a Spartan ally. He is also credited with the change in Spartan policy leading to the development of the Peloponnesian League in the sixth century BC. Another legend claims that he died of joy when his son gained the prize for boxing at the Olympic games, and that his funeral was attended by all the Greeks assembled at the festival.

paragraph: One of his descendants married king Anaxandridas II of Sparta and bore his son, king Cleomenes I.

paragraph: Section::::Sayings and teachings.

paragraph: Chilon of Sparta said also the famous Ancient Greek proverb: "Το λακωνίζειν εστί φιλοσοφείν " in English " less is more" or " brevity is the soul of wit" or " brevity is a way of philosophy" which means that the best way of being a philosopher is through brevity and describes the Spartans' way of thinking and attitude.

paragraph: Diogenes Laërtius describes him as a writer of elegiac poems, and attributes many sayings to him:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Do not speak evil of the dead."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Honor old age."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prefer punishment to disgraceful gain; for the one is painful but once, but the other for one's whole life."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Do not laugh at a person in misfortune."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "If one is strong be also merciful, so that one's neighbors may respect one rather than fear one."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Learn how to regulate one's own house well."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Do not let one's tongue outrun one's sense."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Restrain anger."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Do not dislike divination."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Do not desire what is impossible."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Do not make too much haste on one's road."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Obey the laws."

paragraph: According to an inscription at the Bath of the Seven Sages in Ostia "cunning Chilon taught to fart silently."

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franz Kiechle: "Chilon". In: "Der Kleine Pauly", Bd. 1 (1964), Sp. 1146.

paragraph: BULLET::::- G.L. Huxley. "Early Sparta", 1962

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lives and Opinions of the Eminent Philosophers", by Diogenes Laërtius

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pliny, 7, c. 33.

description: philosopher and writer (0549-0470)

wikidata_label: Chilon of Sparta

wikipedia_title: Chilon of Sparta