text:
Span.
Flemish
panoramic
Netherlands
France
England
Italy
Spain
Philip II
Antwerp
Dordrecht
Antwerp school
London
Whitehall Palace
Henry VIII of England
Rome
Genoa
Naples
Ancona
Bodleian Library
Oxford University
Pons Aemilius
Tiber
Philip II of Spain
Saint Quentin
Ham
Sluis
Dunkirk
Mechelen
Bruges
Brussels
Mary I of England
Dover
Greenwich
Hampton Court
Oatlands
Richmond
Ashmolean Museum
El Pardo Palace
Barcelona
València
Zaragoza
Granada
Córdoba
Seville
Toledo
Burgos
Madrid
Cadiz
Gibraltar
Royal Palace of Madrid
Zamora
Medieval
cathedral

categories: 1572 deaths,Flemish artists,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Anton van den Wyngaerde

paragraph: Anton van den Wyngaerde (Span.: "Antonio de las Viñas"; 1525 - 1571) was a prolific Flemish topographical artist who made panoramic sketches and paintings of towns in the southern Netherlands, northern France, England, Italy, and Spain. He is best known for many panoramas of cities in Spain that he drew while employed by Philip II. After his death, his works were dispersed into different collections, and their importance neglected. Their historical and artistic value have been recently rediscovered.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Van den Wyngaerde was born probably around 1525 in Antwerp. His father may also have been an artist, as an "Anton van den Wyngaerde" was registered in 1510 in the painter's guild.

paragraph: Van den Wyngaerde's first known work, from around 1544, was a topographical view of Dordrecht. As he was trained in the Antwerp school, he created his views using observations from nature. A large view of London in 14 sheets is dated to 1544, including a plan of Whitehall Palace, which he redrew for Henry VIII of England.

paragraph: Between 1552 and 1553 van den Wyngaerde created views of Rome, Genoa, Naples, and Ancona.

paragraph: Four of van den Wyngaerde's panoramas of Rome were discovered in the Sutherland Collection in the Bodleian Library of Oxford University. They appear to be copies, and may have been done by apprentices rather than by the artist himself. One original by van den Wyngaerde was found later, in four separate leaves, more clearly and carefully drawn.

paragraph: They must have been executed no later than September 1557, as one of them shows the Pons Aemilius still complete, while it

paragraph: was damaged by a flood of the Tiber on 18/27 September 1557, and was not repaired in stone until 1575.

paragraph: Van den Wyngaerde entered the service of Philip II of Spain, and during the 1557 Spanish campaign in northern France he documented the sieges of Saint Quentin and Ham. He also drew views of Sluis, Dunkirk, Mechelen, and Bruges; a view of Brussels is dated 1558.

paragraph: Between 1558 and 1559 he visited England, perhaps more than once, and made views of places that Philip II had visited in 1555 when he had traveled thence to wed Mary I of England. These views included Dover and London, as well as the palaces of Greenwich, Hampton Court, Oatlands, and Richmond. The original of the Panorama of London is in that part of the Sutherland Collection in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, and measures 10 feet by 17 inches, in seven sheets.

paragraph: Around 1561 or 1562, Anton van den Wyngaerde traveled to Spain where Philip II commissioned him to document all the main towns, and also to decorate the royal palaces with pictures of the Netherlands, Spain, and Italy.

paragraph: He decorated the walls of the El Pardo Palace with several city views, and he painted scenery for theater productions at the royal court. Van den Wyngaerde made at least sixty-two views of cities and towns, including Barcelona, València, Zaragoza, Granada, Córdoba, Seville, Toledo, Burgos and Madrid. Van den Wyngaerde's picture of Cadiz before it was sacked by the English in 1596 is the only reliable view from that time. He drew the first known detailed picture of Gibraltar.

paragraph: His main task was to make paintings of the many cities in Philip's kingdom on the walls of the Royal Palace of Madrid.

paragraph: These were lost in a fire of 1727 that destroyed the palace, but many of his preparatory drawings survived.

paragraph: Van de Wyngaerde once said, "Among all the joys that the delightful and ingenious art of painting has to offer, there is not one that I hold in higher esteem than the representation of cities." His last dated work was a panorama of Zamora in Spain from 1570.

paragraph: He died in Madrid in 1571. He received little recognition during or after his life, and his work was rediscovered only in the late 1800s.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: As a servant of the king, van den Wyngaerde's drawings presented the Spanish cities in their best possible light, but he succeeded in giving a vivid depiction of town life in his day. He showed the general prosperity of the Spanish cities, fast-growing although all were still walled cities in the Medieval tradition, dominated by churches and palaces. The drawings show the cities as they were during the Golden Age of Philip II with what appears to be photographic accuracy. However, there is no trace in his pictures of the squalor of street life that prevailed in all cities of that time.

paragraph: Van den Wyngaerde's city views, often from imaginary viewpoints, were made without falling back on surveys or plans but depended on the artist's visual memory and imagination. His line drawings would be enhanced with watercolors in green, blue, red and brown to add detail and realism. He would add pictures of the surrounding countryside with figures of people to give a sense of scale, but the sense of realism was illusory, as close examination shows problems of scale and selective representation of features of interest.

paragraph: In a 1563 "View of Valencia", the city seems to be viewed from the north, but the cathedral is depicted as it appears from the west, displaying the building to better advantage. The streets are made wider and straighter as though the city had been formally planned, the squares are made larger, and some of the towers are moved to different positions. Despite the appearance of detail and realism, the picture gives an idealized sense of the city's appearance rather than an accurate representation.

paragraph: Van den Wyngaerde's work was always more artistic than scientific.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Notes

paragraph: Citations

paragraph: Sources

paragraph: Further reading

alias:
Antony van den Wyngaerde
Antonius Van Den Wyngaerde
Viñas, Antonio de las Wyngaerde
Antonio Wyngaerde
Antonio De Las Vinas Wyngaerde
Vigne, Antoine de la Anton
Antonio De Bruxelas Wyngaerde
Vigne, Antoine de la Wyngaerde
Anthonis van den Wyngaerde
Viñas, Antonio de las Anton
Antonio de Bruxelas
Antonio de las Vinas
Antonius van den Wyngaerde
Antonio de las Viñas
Anthonis van den Anton
Anton Van den Wyngaerde
Wingarden

description: Flemish topographical artist

wikidata_label: Anton van den Wyngaerde

wikipedia_title: Anton van den Wyngaerde


text:
floruit
lady of Milan
Luchino Visconti
Milan
Genuese
Carlo Fieschi
Savignone
Pope Adrian V
Andrea Dandolo
Galeazzo II Visconti

categories: People of the Republic of Genoa,14th-century Italian people

paragraph: Isabella Fieschi

paragraph: Isabella Fieschi ("floruit" 1356), was a lady of Milan by marriage to Luchino Visconti, lord of Milan.

paragraph: She was the daughter of the Genuese noble Carlo Fieschi, count of Savignone, and the niece of Pope Adrian V. The marriage was arranged as an alliance between Genoa and Milan and the ceremony took place in Milan in 1331.

paragraph: Isabella was known for her beauty and her love life, and reportedly had several lovers. In 1347, she made an official visit to Venice. During her visit, she participated in an orgy during which she had sexual intercourse with three men at the same time, among them being Andrea Dandolo, the Doge of Venice, and the nephew of her spouse, Galeazzo II Visconti. When her husband eventually found out about this, he swore to punish her cruelly. When he died shortly thereafter, he was rumoured to have been poisoned by Isabella in self-defence.

paragraph: After the death of Visconti, Isabella was forced to give up her son's rights to power in Milan and was placed under house arrest. In 1356, Isabella managed to escape from Milan. Reportedly, she returned to her family in Savignone.

description: Lady of Milan

wikidata_label: Isabella Fieschi

wikipedia_title: Isabella Fieschi


text:
O'Byrne clan
Elizabethan conquest of Ireland
Queen Elizabeth I of England
Wicklow
Dublin
Ballinacor
Glenmalure
Shillelagh
Co. Wexford
the Pale
Leinster
Desmond Rebellions
Dublin Castle
seneschal
County Wexford
Nicholas White
punitive expedition
Newcastle
Bray
Glenmalure
Henry Sidney
Rory Oge O'More
Leix
Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Desmond
Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare
Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin
James Eustace
Baltinglass
Second Desmond Rebellion
Earl of Desmond
Munster
Queens County
Carew
Lord Deputy of Ireland
Arthur Grey, 14th Baron Grey de Wilton
Munster
Battle of Glenmalure
Glen of Imaal
Liffey
Lugnaquilla
kern
massacre at Smerwick
Papal invasion force
John Perrot
Thomas Lee
Hugh Roe O'Donnell
William Russell
Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone
Rose O'Toole
Nine Years War
Carews
Thomas Lee
Rathmines
Felim Buidh na Laragh
County Wicklow
Shane mac Brian O'Birn
Irish Catholic Confederation
County Laois
Nine Years War
the Earl of Essex
Essex in Ireland
Treaty of Mellifont
Book of O'Byrne
Follow me up to Carlow
Folk metal
Cruachan
Blood for the Blood God

categories: People of Elizabethan Ireland,1597 deaths,Irish lords,1534 births,16th-century Irish people

paragraph: Fiach McHugh O'Byrne

paragraph: Fiach Mac Aodha Ó Broin (anglicised as Feagh or Fiach MacHugh O'Byrne) (1534 – 8 May, 1597) was Lord of Ranelagh and sometime leader of the Clann Uí Bhroin, or the O'Byrne clan, during the Elizabethan conquest of Ireland.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England, the O'Byrnes controlled territory in the Wicklow mountains south of Dublin, covering about . The fastness of the Ranelagh O'Byrnes lay toward the south, at Ballinacor in Glenmalure, where they maintained a fort near to a ford with a bridge and a castle at Drumkitt (now encompassed within Ballinacor House). The territory included the oak wood of Shillelagh and part of Co. Wexford.

paragraph: The Kiltimon, Downs, Cloneroe and Newrath branches of the clan were generally loyal to the Crown, having benefited under English law by primogeniture and the system of 'surrender and regrant'. The Ranelagh O'Byrnes were unsubmissive and were reckoned capable of fielding one hundred expert swordsmen, posing a constant threat to Tudor authority within the Pale through raids on the lowlands, which weighed in the balance of power between the Butler (Ormond) and Fitzgerald (Kildare) dynasties in Leinster.

paragraph: The O'Byrne territory had been under the nominal authority of a sheriff, but in 1562 the task of bringing order to the border area was given to an English captain. So varied were the local allegiances, and so difficult did the territory prove to police, that little was achieved by the crown government and during the rest of the queen's reign (to 1603) the O'Byrnes proved adept at securing official pardons.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: In 1569 the Ranelagh O'Byrnes, under the leadership of Fiach's father, Hugh, had given help to the rebels during the Desmond Rebellions. Fiach (in Irish, the raven) assisted the escape of the imprisoned Edmund Butler, when the latter fell from a rope while climbing from the battlements of Dublin Castle. Thereafter he proved wily and skilful, and ultimately betrayed an ambition to undermine Tudor authority in Ireland.

paragraph: In 1572, Fiach was charged with complicity in the murder of Robert Browne of Mulcranan, son-in-law of the seneschal of County Wexford, Sir Nicholas White. The crown commander in Wicklow led a punitive expedition from Newcastle near Bray, seizing a mountain man and forcing him at peril of his life to lead the crown troops into the heart of O'Byrne territory, where sixteen villages were burned and hundreds slaughtered. Fiach escaped with the loss of two sisters and two foster brothers. In retaliation he led 400 men in raids on villages in Wexford, managing to retire to Glenmalure after evading the seneschal's forces. But in August he surrendered custody of the original murderer in return for a pardon and a fine of 20 marks.

paragraph: Under the government of Sir Henry Sidney, O'Byrne gave support to his own brother-in-law, Rory Oge O'More, the pretender to the lordship of Leix, who broke out in rebellion in 1577. In a bloody fight with Sir John Harrington many of O'More's household were killed, although O'Byrne's sister was spared by the crown forces. After O'More's death O'Byrne took in the rebel's son for training at Ballinacor, which by that time had become a martial academy.

paragraph: O'Byrne was in correspondence with Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Desmond and never lost touch with Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare, for whom he did a great favour by hanging an important witness when Kildare was under government investigation. The O'Byrnes continued with their cattle raids, until Fiach made his submission in early 1579 at Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, where he gave pledges of allegiance and acknowledged the authority of the crown government. This sequence of raids and pardons continued for some time.

paragraph: Section::::Desmond rebellions.

paragraph: In 1579, after succeeding his father in the leadership of the O'Byrnes, Fiach joined with James Eustace, Viscount Baltinglass – despite a history of mutual enmity between their families – during the Second Desmond Rebellion. In the summer of 1580, the Earl of Desmond fled Munster into Queens County (aided by the O'Mores), where he joined the O'Byrnes near the Wicklow border. In August Fiach joined with the Kavanagh clan to ambush crown forces in Idrone (County Carlow): the Irish fought their way through the territory and, after burning the manor house, executed those Kavanaghs who had succumbed to the rule of the English Carew family.

paragraph: In the same month in 1580 a new Lord Deputy of Ireland, Arthur Grey, 14th Baron Grey de Wilton, arrived with 6,000 newly recruited troops. He found the country in a nervous state, owing to the threat of Spanish intervention in favour of the rebels: Crown commanders throughout the country were on guard, and Grey was beset at every point of the compass. It was clear that cutting off the source of so many raids against the underbelly of Dublin, within twenty five miles of the city, was necessary. An offensive into the province of Munster was expected, and before he might engage on that campaign Grey had to deal with the O'Byrnes to prevent them attacking him in the rear as he marched south. The campaign resulted in the Battle of Glenmalure.

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Glenmalure.

paragraph: In 1580, Grey led his army westward through the Pale, ignoring certain veterans who implored him to delay the campaign. He planned to enter Glenmalure from the neighbouring Glen of Imaal and attack O'Byrne's stronghold; the enemy was expected to be flushed from its fastness, whereupon the English cavalry would ride them down in their flight. O'Byrne had remained in the Liffey valley with Baltinglas, but at the approach of the crown army he withdrew into Glenmalure.

paragraph: Grey altered his course and travelled several miles south, where he was joined by Kildare, before heading east in a loop and making an arduous ascent into the mountains. After a row amongst his chief officers, Grey sent an expedition of half his force in royal livery with their colours aloft.

paragraph: The rebel lookout on the peak of Lugnaquilla sounded the alarm, and Grey ordered his men to descend into the glen with a drum roll. O'Byrne had concealed his men in the craggy terrain, and the English troops, conspicuous in their red and blue coats and white hose, instantly found themselves sliding along a river course. Decimated by sniping gunfire, they hit bottom fully a mile in depth from the point where the glen was entered. The Irish did not wait: shots were fired from both sides, and the kern descended to engage in hand-to-hand combat. Grey's troops were routed with the loss of hundreds, and much valuable equipment had to be discarded. Grey spurred his cavalry on to check the pursuit and force the rebels back into the glen, but even on the retreat to Dublin the punishment was withering.

paragraph: Despite this disturbing setback, Grey was in a position to post a garrison in the locality, in the hope that this would contain O'Byrne; but the raids kept coming, even into the suburbs of Dublin. In the campaign that ensued, O'Byrne did suffer losses and failed to dislodge the garrison, but he held out, even after the crown had asserted its command in Munster with the massacre at Smerwick of the Papal invasion force.

paragraph: In the following spring, when Grey passed through Wicklow, O'Byrne showed his forces on the hills and sent sorties to cut off the straggling plate wagons. He insisted that the terms offered to him include a pardon for Desmond and a guarantee of freedom of conscience. But the glens now became so frequented with crown troops that he was forced to accept the original terms and, once hostages had been given to the government, he received his pardon.

paragraph: Section::::Quiet times.

paragraph: For some years after, O'Byrne remained docile and, following the death of the Earl of Desmond in 1583, had even received into his territory his old foe, Nicholas White, upon the first visit to that place by a senior crown judge. He gave his uncle and sons as hostages to the new governor, Sir John Perrot, who hanged a piper sent in by O'Byrne after a cattle raid which had been carried out to the piper's tune. Some of the hostages escaped, but O'Byrne soon appeared before Perrot in English dress and supplied more hostages.

paragraph: In March 1587 the Irish wife of the English captain, Sir Thomas Lee, let it be known that her husband was plotting to capture O'Byrne, and Lee decided to separate from her. In 1589 twenty two O'Byrne hostages escaped custody – including two of Fiach's sons and his brother in law – eleven being recaptured. O'Byrne's docility remained in doubt, and he was soon found attacking Arklow Castle in revenge for a private wrong.

paragraph: Section::::Cat and mouse.

paragraph: In 1592 O'Byrne involved himself in another escape from Dublin Castle. Hugh Roe O'Donnell had escaped the castle in the previous year, only to be betrayed while on the run. His second attempt was a success, and although he suffered frostbite O'Donnell was guided to Glenmalure, whence O'Byrne despatched him home to the province of Ulster. The grave of Art O'Neill (son of Shane O'Neill), a fellow prisoner who died during the escape, lies south-west of Granabeg towards Glenmalure, in the townland of Oakwood.

paragraph: O'Byrne fell quiet again, but Lee insisted throughout the period 1594–96 that he was a traitor to the crown, and a new initiative against him was directed by the lord deputy, Sir William Russell. After the Christmas festivities of 1594 Russell drove O'Byrne from Ballinacor in a three-day offensive and garrisoned his house. On their approach to the ramparts of Ballinacor a drum had been accidentally sounded before the troops could reach the gate, which put O'Byrne on his guard, and the gate was defended while those inside fled to safety. It was a mark of how close the government was coming in its efforts to tame the Wicklow highlands, and a reward of £150 was posted for O'Byrne's capture (or £100 for his head).

paragraph: O'Byrne and his second wife, Rose O'Toole, were proclaimed traitors. Days later the Dublin suburb of Crumlin was burned by his son-in-law, Walter Reagh, and the flames of the raid were seen in the center of Dublin, whereupon Russell ordered the city gates opened as he sent cavalry in pursuit, but to no avail. In response a fort was built at Ballinacor with 100 O'Byrne labourers, and the pressure on the clan territory was increased. Walter Reagh Fitzgerald was captured and hanged alive in chains for 24 hours before being impaled on a spike.

paragraph: Russell set up spring camp at Shillelagh, hunting and fishing and receiving the heads of rebels, but O'Byrne was elusive and he intrigued with Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone. The O'Byrnes executed an attack at Athy, but Fiach denounced the raid. At about this time his wife, Rose O'Toole, was captured and, upon her conviction for treason by a Dublin jury, sentenced to death by burning; her life was spared, only because she had been convinced to convey information to Feagh that his son Turlough was betraying him. O'Byrne delivered over Turlough, who was executed.

paragraph: Section::::Ulster alliance.

paragraph: In his negotiations with Russell, during a truce in the Nine Years War, Hugh O'Neill included terms for the treatment of O'Byrne, and reinforced his point with the capture of the Blackwater fort, which was said to have been in response to the lord deputy's campaign in Wicklow. O'Byrne sought pardon for himself and his family – excluding his most wayward sons – in the summer of 1596, by which time he was old and sick. He presented himself on his knees to the council sitting at Dublin to seek mercy and was granted his pardon upon petition to the queen. Even so, he was in alliance with O'Neill, acting as a Leinster base for rebel influence and maintained a force on the borders of the Pale.

paragraph: The fort at Ballinacor was retaken by O'Byrne, and the attacks on government forces in Wicklow began again. He had also allied with the O'Mores, Kavanaghs, O'Connors and O'Tooles, and was thought by Russell to be of far greater ability than O'Neill. However, the rest of the O'Byrnes were not considered a threat, indeed the clan were divided, with some engaging in the hunting down of Feagh, and a new fort was built at Rathdown.

paragraph: During the winter, Russell scoured the mountains, taking in cattle and heads. He crossed the bridge at Ballinacor ford against resistance on 24 September 1596 and stayed on the mountain with his cavalry. Meanwhile, Captain Lee was sent with a force to Fananerin, on the west side of Glenmalure (i.e. in Manning's bog north of Greenane north of the river), where he burned the town before returning to camp. O'Neill complained of the attacks on O'Byrne, and Lee was left to engage in sporadic fighting. The government believed that O'Neill was attempting to divert the attacks, and so Russell made the final push in March 1597, when he marched over the mountains to Fananerin and on to Ballinacor and into the glen. There he made a show of dining, and knighted an officer in the place where one of the Carews had been slain during Grey's campaign in 1580.

paragraph: Russell withdrew, only to return two months later on the information of the northern branch of the O'Byrne clan. He was due for recall to London, and it seems that the defeat of O'Byrne himself had become the ultimate aim of his government. Again the Lord Deputy came to Fananerin (Sunday, 8 May 1597), with troops converging on the town from three directions. O'Byrne was in the company of a few swordsmen, who were killed at the first incursion, and fled on foot. He was compelled by exhaustion to seek refuge in a cave, where Captain Thomas Lee caught up with him. He was executed by Lee's soldiers, and his own sword was used to cut off his head, which was presented to Russell before his return to Dublin the next day. It was the governor's final success in Ireland. Lee later met with O'Byrne's son, Phelim, at Rathmines, and swore the killing had not been of his choice.

paragraph: Section::::The Lost Head.

paragraph: O'Byrne's corpse was butchered and for months the head and quarters hung on pike staffs on the wall over Dublin Castle drawbridge. Several months later the pickled head was presented to the council secretary at London by an English adventurer, who was disappointed to find that the head-silver due on O'Byrne had already been paid in Ireland. The queen was angered that, ""the head of such a base Robin Hood was brought solemnly into England"". The offending item was prepared for burial, but was found a day or two later in Enfield Chase, outside London, perched in the fork of a tree.

paragraph: Section::::Descendants.

paragraph: "Many efforts have been made over the years to find modern descendants of the Glenmalur Chief, Feach mac Hugh O'Byrne. None have met with any notable success."

paragraph: Toirdelbhach, Fiach's eldest son, was executed on 18 July 1595. He had two daughters and no sons.

paragraph: Fiach's second son, Felim Buidh na Laragh, was an M.P. for County Wicklow and died in 1630. He married Winifred O'Toole of Castlekevin (daughter of Luke), who died in 1628. A son of the couple was Brian O'Birn of Ballincor, outlawed in 1652. His son was Colonel Shane mac Brian O'Birn, who served in the army of the Irish Catholic Confederation in the 1640s.

paragraph: A family genealogy brings Fiach's descendants down to 1875, in the persons of brothers Alfred and John Byrne of Sleaty, County Laois. Alfred, a soldier, was the eldest and would have been ninth in descent from Felim, his pedigree been Alfred, son of Gerald of Sleaty, son of Charles of Sleaty, son of Gerald of Ballinakill, son of Charles, son of Edmond of Ballinakill (died 1737,) son of Hugh, son of Shane, son of Brian, son of Felim, son of Fiach.

paragraph: Mac Bradaigh agrees that the descent down to Colonel Shane O'Birn is correct, it been verified in the genealogies of the Gabhal Raghnail. He furthermore is inclined to accept the descent from Edmond O'Birn of Ballinakill, Clonmore (died 1737) down to Alfred and John.

paragraph: However, Mac Bradaigh casts grave doubts on the authenticity of Hugh O'Birn, putative son of Colonel O'Birn, stating that he "does not belong naturally in either section. ... He is called Hugh Gancagh in the description of his putative son Edmond, a description which associates the latter, and by implication the former, with the place called Clonmore. This makes it apparent that simple 'Hugh O'Birn' is meant to be Hugh Gancagh of Clonmore but the later in its full form was the name of an uncle of Feach mac Hugh and brother to his mother Sadhbh. Could a member of Feach's family, five generations removed from Sadhbh, by strange chance be named Hugh and be connected with Clonmore? It seems very unlikely! Hugh O'Birn looks phoney, so the genealogy ... is probably false, but perhaps there is someone out there who could prove me wrong."

paragraph: Sadhbh Ni Birn was the daughter of Feidhlim Buidhe O'Birne of Clonmore.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: O'Byrne's role has been overshadowed by accounts of O'Neill in the Nine Years War. In June 1597, O'Neill attacked on several fronts – Carrickfergus, Newry and Westmeath – in retaliation for the killing of his ally. O'Byrne's sons, Phelim and Redmond, survived their father and were active during the remainder of the war.

paragraph: On going north into Ulster, Phelim was given charge of the Blackwater fort. In October 1597, the brothers returned south and began active operations at O'Neill's direction with a force under the command of the O'Mores. In 1599, Phelim had a success against the ill-fated army of the Earl of Essex (see Essex in Ireland), and Redmond returned to O'Neill's ranks. The war ended with the Treaty of Mellifont, and in 1606 Phelim and Redmond received grants of what lands were left to them in their father's estate.

paragraph: It was under the patronage of Feagh McHugh O'Byrne that part of the Book of O'Byrne, a collection of Gaelic poems, was compiled. A manuscript copy was sold at auction in 2000 at Dublin.

paragraph: Feagh McHugh O'Byrne is celebrated in the song by P.J. McCall 'Follow me up to Carlow'.

paragraph: "The Marching Song of Fiach Mac Hugh" by Irish Folk metal band Cruachan from their album Blood for the Blood God is about the march into Carlow by O'Byrne.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daniel Byrne-Rothwell, "The Byrnes and the O'Byrnes", (House of Lochar, 2010).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Bagwell, "Ireland under the Tudors" 3 vols. (London, 1885–1890)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John O'Donovan (ed.) "Annals of Ireland by the Four Masters" (1851).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Calendar of State Papers: Carew MSS." 6 vols (London, 1867–1873).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Calendar of State Papers: Ireland" (London)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicholas Canny "The Elizabethan Conquest of Ireland" (Dublin, 1976); "Kingdom and Colony" (2002).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steven G. Ellis "Tudor Ireland" (London, 1985) .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hiram Morgan "Tyrone's Rebellion" (1995).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Standish O'Grady (ed.) ""Pacata Hibernia"" 2 vols. (London, 1896).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cyril Falls "Elizabeth's Irish Wars" (1950; reprint London, 1996) .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dictionary of National Biography" 22 vols. (London, 1921–1922).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sean mac Bradaigh, "The Senior Line of the Gabhal Raghanil", in "Genealogical Society of Ireland" volume 6, number 1, Spring 2005, pp. 57–59.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rathdrum Historical Society (RHS), volume 1, 1998.

description: Lord of Ranelagh and leader of the O'Byrne clan

wikidata_label: Fiach McHugh O'Byrne

wikipedia_title: Fiach McHugh O'Byrne


text: Easter

text: Meletius of Lycopolis

text: Arianism

text: First Council of Nicaea

text: Athanasius of Alexandria

text: Galerius

text: Maximinus Daia

text: Achillas of Alexandria

text: Peter of Alexandria

text: Arius

text: Easter

text: Dionysius of Alexandria

text: First Council of Nicaea

text: Meletius of Lycopolis

text: Emperor

text: Constantine I

text: Arius

text: Trinity

text: sermon

text: Sabellianism

text: deacon

text: presbyter

text: ordain

text: synod

text: Mareotis

text: Athanasius of Alexandria

text: Libya

text: Secundus of Ptolemais

text: schism

text: anathema

text: Eusebius of Nicomedia

text: Paulinus of Tyrus

text: Eusebius of Caesarea

text: Patrophilus of Scythopolis

text: Pamphylia

text: Lycia

text: Cappadocia

text: Alexander of Constantinople

text: Pope Sylvester I

text: Macarius of Jerusalem

text: Asclepius of Gaza

text: Longinus of Ashkelon

text: Macarius of Ioannina

text: Zeno of Tyrus

text: Hosius of Córdoba

text: consubstantial

text: ecumenical council

text: Nicaea

text: Potamon of Heraclea

text: Paphnutius of Thebes

text: Hosius of Cordova

text: Paphnutius of Thebes

text: codices

text: Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria

text: Eastern Orthodox Church

text: Roman Catholic Church

categories: Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Alexandria,Saints from Roman Egypt,Year of birth unknown,4th-century Romans,320s deaths,4th-century archbishops,4th-century Christian saints,Popes of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria,Deans of the Catechetical School of Alexandria

paragraph: Pope Alexander I of Alexandria

paragraph: St Alexander I of Alexandria, 19th Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark. During his patriarchate, he dealt with a number of issues facing the Church in that day. These included the dating of Easter, the actions of Meletius of Lycopolis, and the issue of greatest substance, Arianism. He was the leader of the opposition to Arianism at the First Council of Nicaea. He also is remembered for being the mentor of the man who would be his successor, Athanasius of Alexandria, who would become one of the leading Church fathers.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Comparatively little is known of Alexander's early years. During his time as a priest he experienced the bloody persecutions of Christians by Emperors Galerius and Maximinus Daia.

paragraph: Alexander became patriarch on the passing of Achillas of Alexandria, whose own remarkably short reign was thought by some to have been brought about by his breaking the command of his own predecessor, Peter of Alexandria, to never readmit Arius into communion.

paragraph: Alexander himself faced three primary challenges during his term as patriarch. The first of these was a schismatic sect, led by Erescentius, which was disputing the timing of Easter. Alexander found himself put in the position of writing a special treatise on the controversy, in which he cited earlier statements regarding the matter by Dionysius of Alexandria. Alexander's own efforts, while they did serve to quiet the dispute, were not enough to quiet the controversy themselves, although the First Council of Nicaea, held during his tenure, did resolve the matter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Meletius of Lycopolis.

paragraph: His second major concern was the matter of Meletius of Lycopolis, who continued to slander Alexander, as he had earlier done to Achillas. Meletius went so far as to lodge a formal complaint with the court of the Emperor Constantine I, although no unusual attention was given it.

paragraph: More important, however, was the fact that Meletius had seemed to establish some form of working alliance with Arius. Meletius also consecrated bishops of his own, without his superior's consent. This controversy would continue unabated until the Council at Nicaea, where Alexander allowed Meletius to return to the church, effectively ending Meletius' alliance with Arius.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Arianism.

paragraph: The last, and most important, of the problems Alexander faced was the issue of Arius himself. Alexander's predecessor, Achillas, had not only allowed Arius to return to the church, but had given him the oldest church in Alexandria, a position which allowed him to exercise a great influence on the Christian community of Alexandria. In fact, Arius was even a contender for the post of patriarch of Alexandria at the death of Achillas.

paragraph: The conflict between the two began in earnest when Alexander declared the unity of the Trinity in one of his sermons. Arius immediately responded by labeling Alexander's statement Sabellianism, which had already been rejected by that time. The controversy quickly escalated, and Arius developed ever increasing support for his position, winning over a number of deacons, and at least one presbyter, who started to ordain presbyters of his own. Arius continued to draw even more attention and support, to the point that Alexander found himself having to summon two separate assemblies of his priests and deacons to discuss the matter. Neither of these assemblies, though, reached any firm conclusions, or helped to limit the spread of Arius' beliefs.

paragraph: Alexander then called a synod of the church of Alexandria and its neighboring province of Mareotis in 320, for the specific intention of deciding what action would be taken regarding this increasingly problematic matter. At the synod, thirty-six presbyters and forty-four deacons, including Athanasius of Alexandria, agreed to a condemnation of Arianism and signed a document to that effect. Arius remained successful in spreading his new belief elsewhere, particularly in Mareotis and Libya, where Arius convinced the bishop Secundus of Ptolemais and Thomas of Marmarica to join him. Arius' success in dividing the leaders of the church made the chance of a formal schism a very real one.

paragraph: In 321, Alexander called a general council of the entire church of the nation. The council gathered no fewer than one hundred participants. At this council, Arius continued to argue his earlier position, that the Son could not be co-eternal with the father, and even went on to say that the Son was not similar to the Father in substance. This last statement was received with horror by the assembled council, who placed Arius under anathema until he recanted his positions.

paragraph: Arius left for Palestine, where he received support from a number of bishops, who expressed their opinion of the matter to Alexander. One of these supporters, Eusebius of Nicomedia, had close connections with the imperial court in Byzantium, and helped to spread Arius' ideas further. The widespread growth of this movement, and the reaction to such from the established church, led to the emperor himself writing a letter to the involved parties calling for the return of unity to the church and an end to this protracted dispute about what he characterized as petty arguments over unintelligible minutiae.

paragraph: Arius' followers in Alexandria began to engage in violence in defense of their beliefs, prompting Alexander to write an encyclical to all of his brother bishops in Christendom, in which he related the history of Arianism and his opinion of the flaws of the Arian system. In doing so, he was obliged to indicate to them the actions of Eusebius of Nicomedia, who had assembled a provincial council of the church of Bithynia to discuss Arius. This body reviewed the actions that Alexander and his predecessors had taken, and, based on their review, formally admitted Arius to the communion of the Syriac church. Other figures, including Paulinus of Tyrus, Eusebius of Caesarea, and Patrophilus of Scythopolis, also indicated their support of Arius, allowing his followers to assemble for the Divine Office as they had earlier done in Alexandria.

paragraph: Arius is believed to have written his "Thalia" at around this time, which gathered even more support for his cause. This book, combined with Arius' other works and Alexander's opposing works, exacerbated the dispute between the supporters and opponents of Arius. In this atmosphere and on the advice of his deacon Athanasius, Alexander wrote in defense of his own position a confession of faith. He sent this tome to all the bishops of Christianity, asking them to endorse his position by placing their own signatures on the copies. He received about 250 signatures to his work, including about 100 from his own diocese, as well as 42 from Asia, 37 from Pamphylia, 32 from Lycia, 15 from Cappadocia, and various others. He also maintained individual correspondence with Alexander of Constantinople, protesting the violence of the Arians and promulgation of Arius's views on the influence of females, as well as with Pope Sylvester I, Macarius of Jerusalem, Asclepius of Gaza, Longinus of Ashkelon, Macarius of Ioannina, Zeno of Tyrus, and many others on the issues of Arianism.

paragraph: The dispute over Arianism had become a serious problem, which threatened to damage the peace and unity of the church and of the empire. Constantine, now sole claimant to the throne after the execution of Licinius, wrote a letter "to Athanasius and Arius". Constantine wrote the letter from Nicomedia, so some have concluded that Eusebius of Nicomedia, the bishop of Nicomedia and a supporter of Arius, may have been involved in the composition of the letter. The letter was given to Hosius of Córdoba, a respected older bishop, to deliver to the disputants in Alexandria. In the letter, Constantine requested that Alexander and Arius end their dispute.

paragraph: Shortly after receiving the message from Constantine, Alexander requested another general council of the diocese, which seems to have confirmed its agreement with the profession of faith Alexander had earlier circulated an agreement to the use of the theological term "consubstantial". It also reaffirmed the excommunication of Arius and the condemnation of the followers of Meletius, which, of course, angered the Arians of Alexandria even more. Arius himself formally complained to the emperor over his treatment by Alexander. In response, Constantine called for Arius to plead his case before an ecumenical council of the church, to be held at Nicaea in Bithynia on 14 June 325, the first such council ever called into existence.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:First Council of Nicaea.

paragraph: Alexander came to the council with a party which included Potamon of Heraclea, Paphnutius of Thebes, and Alexander's deacon, Athanasius, who acted as his spokesman. Alexander was himself supposed to preside over the meeting, but felt that he could not serve as both presiding official and chief accuser. On that basis, he turned over the presidency to Hosius of Cordova. After lengthy discussion, the council issued a decision which, among other things, confirmed the anathema of Arius, authorized Alexander, at his urging, to allow Meletius to retain his episcopal title, but not be able to exercise any episcopal powers. Those Meletius had appointed could also retain their titles, but would only be elevated to the status of bishop on the death of one of the bishops consecrated by Alexander. It also gave Alexander the right to decide the timing of Easter on his own, asking him only to communicate his decision to Rome and the rest of Christendom. It also issued a statement that the Egyptian church would be allowed to retain its traditions regarding clerical celibacy. In this regard, Alexander followed the advice of Paphnutius of Thebes, who encouraged him to allow priests to be married after taking holy orders.

paragraph: Five months after returning to Alexandria from Nicaea, Alexander died. One source places his death on the 22nd of Baramudah, or April 17. As he was dying, he is said by some to have named Athanasius, his deacon, as his successor.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: Several of the works which we are told to have been written by Alexander have not survived. History mentions a collection of letters he wrote regarding the Arian controversy. Only two of these letters survive to this day. There is also an extant homily, "De anima et corpore" (On the soul and the body) which is attributed to Alexander in a Syriac version. The Coptic version however attributes the homily to Athanasius.

paragraph: Another work, the "Enconium of Peter the Alexandrian", is attributed to him. This book survives in five codices. The work can be reconstructed based on the extant fragments and a translation in the History of the Patriarchs. It contains the biblical allusions, traditions, and portrayal of the martyrdom of Peter. It has been said to be one of the best examples of the literary style of the time, based on its complex literary structure, the competency of its theology, and general literary style.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: Alexander is venerated as a saint in the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Roman Catholic Church. Alexander is described by the Roman Catholic Church as "a man held in the highest honor by the people and clergy, magnificent, liberal, eloquent, just, a lover of God and man, devoted to the poor, good and sweet to all, so mortified that he never broke his fast while the sun was in the heavens."

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- English translations of Alexander's extant correspondence from Fourth-Century Christianity

description: Patriarch of Alexandria

wikidata_label: Pope Alexander of Alexandria

wikipedia_title: Pope Alexander I of Alexandria


text: noblewoman

text: Queen Mathilde of Belgium

text: Białogard

text: Poland

text: Siedliska

text: Warsaw

text: Princess Zofia Sapieha

text: Bobrek

text: Herstal

text: Jonkheer

text: Patrick d'Udekem d'Acoz

text: Hannut

text: Mathilde

text: Prince Philippe, Duke of Brabant

text: King Albert II

text: "Jonkheer" Patrick

text: Count

text: Belgian nobility

text: Komorowskis

text: Polish aristocracy

text: Korczak coat of arms

text: Count

text: King Stanisław August Poniatowski

text: Komorowski

text: Princess Zofia Sapieha

text: Sapieha family

text: princely

categories: Counts of Poland,Komorowski family,Belgian nobility,Belgian Roman Catholics,1946 births,Sapieha,Living people,Counts of Belgium

paragraph: Anna Maria Komorowska

paragraph: Countess Anna Maria d'Udekem d'Acoz (born Countess Anna Maria Komorowska on 24 September 1946) is a Polish noblewoman and the mother of Queen Mathilde of Belgium.

paragraph: Section::::Family and issue.

paragraph: Countess Anna Maria Komorowska was born in Białogard, Poland. She is the third of six children born to Count Leon Michał Komorowski (Siedliska, 14 August 1907 – Fauvillers 3 September 1992) and his wife (married Warsaw, 25 July 1942), Princess Zofia Sapieha (Bobrek, 10 October 1919 – Herstal, 14 August 1997). She has five siblings: Countess Gabriella Maria Komorowska (born 20 December 1943), Countess Roza Maria Komorowska (born 5 July 1945), Count Michał Leon Komorowski (born 4 January 1953), Countess Krystyna Maria Komorowska (born 14 February 1955), and Countess Maria Teresa Komorowska (10 January 1958).

paragraph: She married then-"Jonkheer" Patrick d'Udekem d'Acoz civilly on 1 September 1971 in Forville and religiously on 11 September 1971 in Hannut. They had five children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Countess "Mathilde" Marie Christine Ghislaine d'Udekem d'Acoz (b. 20 January 1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jonkvrouw" "Marie-Alix" Suzanne Ghislaine d'Udekem d'Acoz (5 September 1974 – 14 August 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Countess "Elisabeth" Marie Hedwige Ghislaine d'Udekem d'Acoz (b. 17 January 1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Countess "Hélène" Marie Michele Ghislaine d'Udekem d'Acoz (b. 22 September 1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Count "Charles-Henri" Marie Ghislain d'Udekem d'Acoz (b. 14 May 1985)

paragraph: Upon the marriage of their eldest daughter, Mathilde, to Prince Philippe, Duke of Brabant, King Albert II elevated Anna Maria's husband, "Jonkheer" Patrick, and his two older brothers, Baron Henri d'Udekem d'Acoz and "Jonkheer" Raoul d'Udekem d'Acoz, to the rank of Count in the Belgian nobility on 4 December 1999. The title is hereditary in the male line and can be passed on to the male-line descendants of Anna Komorowska's son Count Charles-Henri d'Udekem d'Acoz.

paragraph: Section::::Ancestry.

paragraph: Anna Komorowska's family, the Komorowskis, were members of the Polish aristocracy. The Komorowski family traces it roots to Dymitr Komorowski (c. 1340–?) and uses the Korczak coat of arms. Piotr Komorowski, was appointed “Count of Liptov and Orava”, in 1469 by King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary. After the expiry of his descendants, the title "Count of Liptov and Orava" was used by Piotr’s brother Mikolaj Komorowski and his descendants. One of them, Jakub Komorowski (d. 1781) obtained the title of Count from King Stanisław August Poniatowski in 1780, a title held by subsequent generations of the Komorowski family.

paragraph: Anna Komorowska's mother, Princess Zofia Sapieha, came from the Kodeńscy line of the Sapieha family, an illustrious Polish princely family.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prinses Mathildes voorliefde voor diamant

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Niedek, D. Ćosić, "Królowa polsko-blegijska", "Wprost", No 51/52.2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- M.J. Miankowski, "Genealogia potomków Sejmu Wielkiego": Anna Maria Komorowska

description: Polish noble

wikidata_label: Anna Maria Komorowska

wikipedia_title: Anna Maria Komorowska


text:
Pavia
Galeazzo II Visconti
Aimone, Count of Savoy
Yolande Palaeologina of Montferrat
Theodore I, Marquess of Montferrat
Edward III of England
Savoy
Amadeus VI, the "Green Count" of Savoy
Black Death
John II, Marquess of Montferrat
Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy
Giovanni Visconti
Galeazzo II Visconti
Rivoli
Bologna
Bologna
Gian Galeazzo Visconti
Violante
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Pavia
Francesco Petrarca
Divine Comedy
Lombardy
Piedmont
Cortenova
St. Clare of Assisi
Valentina
Bernabò Visconti
Pavia Santa Chiara
Pavia
Gian Galeazzo
Lord of Milan
Isabella of France
Caterina Visconti
Secondotto, Marquess of Montferrat
Asti
Violante
Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence
Secondotto, Marquess of Montferrat

categories: Women of medieval Italy,1387 deaths,People from Chambéry,House of Savoy,1337 births

paragraph: Bianca of Savoy

paragraph: Bianca of Savoy (1337– Pavia, 31 December 1387) was Lady of Milan by marriage to Galeazzo II Visconti. She was the only surviving daughter of Aimone, Count of Savoy and Yolande Palaeologina of Montferrat.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Bianca was the second of five children born to Count Aimone and Yolande, herself the daughter of Theodore I, Marquess of Montferrat (1291–1338) and Genoese noblewoman Argentina Hispanola.

paragraph: When Bianca was six years old she lost her mother Yolande, who died giving birth on 24 December 1342 to her younger brother Louis, who died in childhood. Six months later on 22 June 1343 her father, Aimone died.

paragraph: In 1345, negotiations were started for her to marry a son of Edward III of England, to renew the relationship between Savoy and England.

paragraph: Bianca was raised in the Castle of the Counts of Savoy on the shores of Lake Bourget. In 1345 tragedy struck when Bianca's younger brother John died. This left only one son and heir to Savoy, Bianca's older brother Amadeus VI, the "Green Count" of Savoy. The period was marked by the devastating epidemic of the Black Death that killed off much of the population of Europe between 1347 and 1350.

paragraph: Section::::Lady of Milan.

paragraph: In an attempt to curb the expansionist policies of Bianca's uncle John II, Marquess of Montferrat, an alliance was established on the 22 October 1349 between Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy and Giovanni Visconti of Milan. In the agreements, a marriage was arranged between Bianca and Giovanni's nephew Galeazzo II Visconti.

paragraph: On 28 September 1350 at Rivoli, Bianca and Galeazzo were married, he was sixteen years her senior. Only weeks after the marriage in October 1350, Galeazzo was asked by his uncle to seize the city of Bologna but his fragile health forced him to leave the conquest.

paragraph: After moving to Bologna in 1351 their first child was born, Gian Galeazzo Visconti, then in 1352 a daughter, Maria (who died aged ten in April 1362) and then another daughter Violante in 1354.

paragraph: In 1360 Galeazzo was appointed Imperial vicar by Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Pavia fell under the domination of the Visconti family.

paragraph: Bianca followed her husband here who built the Visconti Castle where she educated, availed herself of illustrious friends, including Francesco Petrarca founder of the Library Visconti, which brought the first copies of Divine Comedy.

paragraph: When war broke out between Milan and her uncle John II, on the side of the latter was Bianca's brother, Count Amadeus VI. Bianca tried to whatever means to avert quarrels between him and her husband. The conflict ended with a dedication by John II in occupied areas of Lombardy and Piedmont.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: When the state of her husband's health deteriorated, the couple relocated to Cortenova. Galeazzo died in 1378. Bianca founded the Franciscan Monastery Cortenova dedicated to St. Clare of Assisi. In the last years of life, Bianca spent time raising her granddaughter, Valentina, whom she taught French and German.

paragraph: In 1385, together with her son, she participated in a conspiracy against Bernabò Visconti. The conspiracy succeeded, and Bernabò died half a year later in captivity. Bianca's son Gian Galeazzo was then the sole ruler of Milan. In 1386, Violante died. Bianca took the death of her daughter very badly.

paragraph: Bianca died on 31 December 1387 at the age of 51. She was buried at Pavia Santa Chiara, Pavia.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Gian Galeazzo (November 1351 – 3 September 1402), succeeded his father as Lord of Milan. Married firstly to Isabella of France and secondly to Caterina Visconti.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Maria (1352 – April 1362), betrothed to the future Secondotto, Marquess of Montferrat with Asti as her dowry; she died before the wedding took place.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Violante (1354 – November 1386), married firstly to Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, secondly to Secondotto, Marquess of Montferrat and thirdly to Lodovico Visconti.

description: only surviving daughter of Aimone, Count of Savoy and his wife Yolande Palaeologina of Montferrat. Bianca was Lady of Milan by her marriage to Galeazzo II Visconti

wikidata_label: Bianca of Savoy

wikipedia_title: Bianca of Savoy


text: Nathan Cooper Branwhite

text: Bristol

text: William James Müller

text: Pall Mall

text: bas-relief

text: Society of Arts

text: 1862 International Exhibition

text: Charles Branwhite at Artnet

text: Works by C. Branwhite

text: A hard day's work, winter

text: Christie's

categories: English watercolourists,English male painters,19th-century English painters,Artists from Bristol,1880 deaths,1817 births

paragraph: Charles Branwhite

paragraph: Charles Branwhite (1817 – 15 February 1880) was an English landscape painter.

paragraph: Son of Nathan Cooper Branwhite, he was born at Bristol in 1817, and there studied art under his father, beginning as a sculptor. His association and friendship, however, with William James Müller, also a native of Bristol, induced him to give his undivided attention to water-colour painting, and his pictures, from the year 1849, formed no small attraction in the gallery in Pall Mall East. He adopted this change of art notwithstanding the fact that he had gained silver medals for bas-reliefs in 1837 and 1838 at the Society of Arts. His style of painting shows much of Müller's influence. Some of his most striking landscapes represent frost scenes. Among his works are: "Post Haste", "April Showers on the Eastern Coast", "An old Lime-kiln", "Kilgarren Castle", "Winter Sunset", "Old Salmon Trap on the Conway", "The Environs of an Ancient Garden", 1852, "A Frozen Ferry", 1853 (this and the previous picture received prizes from the Glasgow Art Union), "Ferry on the Thames" (at the 1862 International Exhibition), "A Black Frost", "Snow Storm, North Wales", "Salmon Poaching", and "On the River Dee, North Wales".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Branwhite at Artnet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works by C. Branwhite (Art History reference)

paragraph: BULLET::::- A hard day's work, winter (oil on canvas - Christie's

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrait photo and painting by Branwhite (Art Renewal Center)

description: Watercolour painter

wikidata_label: Charles Branwhite

wikipedia_title: Charles Branwhite


href: Jesuit mathematician

text: Jesuit mathematician

categories: 19th-century mathematicians,1889 deaths,1829 births,Belgian Jesuits,Belgian mathematicians

paragraph: Ignatius Carbonnelle

paragraph: Ignatius Carbonnelle (1829–1889 was a Jesuit, mathematician and the founder of the Scientific Society of Brussels.

description: Jesuit and mathematician

wikidata_label: Ignatius Carbonnelle

wikipedia_title: Ignatius Carbonnelle


text:
composer
organist
Naples
Conservatorio della Pietà dei Turchini
opera
cantata
sonata
aria
oratorio
Cattedrale di Napoli
opera buffa
Gioacchino Cocchi
Antonio Palomba
opera seria
Pietro Metastasio
Nicola Bonifacio Logroscino
Giovanni Ambrogio Migliavacca
Siroe
Apostolo Zeno
Gian Francesco de Majo
Giacomo Insanguine

categories: Italian male classical composers,Musicians from Naples,18th-century keyboardists,Male organists,Italian opera composers,18th-century classical composers,Italian classical composers,1785 deaths,Italian organists,Male opera composers,1730 births

paragraph: Pasquale Errichelli

paragraph: Pasquale Errichelli (also "Ericchelli" or "Enrichelli"; 1730–1785) was an Italian composer and organist based in the city of Naples. Trained at the Conservatorio della Pietà dei Turchini, his compositional output consists of 7 operas, 2 cantatas, 1 symphony, 3 sonatas, several concert arias, and the oratorio "Gerosolina protetta". He was for many years the organist at the Cattedrale di Napoli.

paragraph: Section::::Operas.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La serva astuta" (opera buffa, 1753, Naples; in collaboration with Gioacchino Cocchi)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Il finto turco" (opera buffa, libretto by Antonio Palomba, 1753, Naples; in collaboration with Gioacchino Cocchi)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Issipile" (opera seria, libretto by Pietro Metastasio, 1754, Naples)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La finta 'mbreana" (commedia, libretto by G. Bisceglia, 1756, Naples; in collaboration with Nicola Bonifacio Logroscino)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Solimano" (opera seria, libretto by Giovanni Ambrogio Migliavacca, 1757, Rome)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Siroe" (opera seria, libretto by Pietro Metastasio, 1758, Naples)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eumene" (3 Acts) (opera seria, libretto by Apostolo Zeno, 1771, Naples; Act 1 by Gian Francesco de Majo, Act 2 by Giacomo Insanguine)

description: Italian musician

wikidata_label: Pasquale Errichelli

wikipedia_title: Pasquale Errichelli


text:
fl.
opera
soprano
Charles Burney
Giuseppe Ferdinando Brivio
Caterina Galli
comprimario
King’s Theatre
pants role
Christoph Willibald Gluck
La caduta de' giganti
George Frideric Handel
oratorio
Susanna
Theodora
Jephtha

categories: Italian operatic sopranos,18th-century Italian opera singers,Year of death unknown,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Giulia Frasi

paragraph: Giulia Frasi (fl. 1740–c.1772) was an Italian operatic soprano who was primarily active in the city of London. A student of educator and historian Charles Burney, Burney described her sound as "a sweet and clear voice, and a smooth and chaste style of singing, which, though cold and unimpassioned, pleased natural ears, and escaped the censure of critics."

paragraph: In her native country Frasi studied singing under Giuseppe Ferdinando Brivio. After performing for a few years in Italy during the early 1740s, she moved to London in late 1742 with her friend and fellow singer Caterina Galli. She began her career in England shortly after her arrival, performing mainly comprimario roles in operas at the King’s Theatre. She occasionally appeared in pants roles, including the giant Briareus in the world première of Christoph Willibald Gluck’s "La caduta de' giganti" on 7 January 1746.

paragraph: Both Frasi and Galli became students of George Frideric Handel, and the composer wrote a number of his oratorios with their voices in mind. Frasi sang in the world premieres of such Handel works as "Susanna" (1749, title role), "Theodora" (1750, title role), and "Jephtha" (1752, Iphis).

description: Italian opera singer

wikidata_label: Giulia Frasi

wikipedia_title: Giulia Frasi


text:
native Hawaiian
Kingdom of Hawaii
Mokulēia
Aikanaka
Kamehameha IV
Analea Keohokālole
Lunalilo
ʻIolani Barracks
Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom
Oahu island
Samuel Garner Wilder
Kalākaua
Queen Emma of Hawaii
John Mott-Smith
crown lands
Royal Governor of Maui
John Owen Dominis
Lydia Kamakaeha
Charles T. Gulick

categories: Members of the Kingdom of Hawaii Privy Council,Royalty of the Kingdom of Hawaii,1824 births,Kingdom of Hawaii politicians,Kingdom of Hawaii Chamberlains,Recipients of the Royal Order of Kamehameha I,Members of the Kingdom of Hawaii House of Representatives,19th-century American politicians,Members of the Kingdom of Hawaii House of Nobles,Kingdom of Hawaii Interior Ministers,1878 deaths,Governors of Maui

paragraph: William Luther Moehonua

paragraph: William Luther Kealii Moehonua (1824–1878) was a native Hawaiian noble and politician in the Kingdom of Hawaii.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: William Luther Moehonua was born May 5, 1824, in Mokulēia. His mother was Mary Napuaelua. There is some dispute about his father. Some sources give it as Chief Keaweamahi.

paragraph: Others say his father was Aikanaka (1790–1868), who had slept with his mother about the same time.

paragraph: Around 1848 he married Kaunuohua, a noble who was attendant to King Kamehameha IV.

paragraph: On September 11, 1849 he married Lucy Muolo who died in 1865, and remarried to Kapeka Kahele in 1875.

paragraph: His probable half-sister Analea Keohokālole became a civil leader in her own right.

paragraph: On February 6, 1873 Moehonua was given the rank of Major in the royal guard of King Lunalilo.

paragraph: On September 10, 1873, Moehonua was put in command of ʻIolani Barracks after a mutiny against their Hungarian-born commander.

paragraph: He was elected to the Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom of 1874 as a representative for Oahu island.

paragraph: Lunalilo died after reigning for only one year without naming an heir, so the legislature according to the constitution was to elect a new king. Moehonua and Samuel Garner Wilder counted the ballots and announced the results. The winner was Kalākaua, who was probably a nephew since Kalākaua's grandfather Aikanaka was (probably) Moehonua's father. Moehonua was injured when his carriage was torn apart in the protests that followed, since Queen Emma of Hawaii was favored by the Hawaiian people.

paragraph: On April 27, 1874 he was promoted to rank of Colonel. On October 31, 1874 he was appointed minister of the interior, until December 5, 1876 when he was replaced by John Mott-Smith. He became commissioner of the crown lands November 20, 1875.

paragraph: On December 15, 1876 Moehonua was appointed Royal Governor of Maui.

paragraph: On April 15, 1878 he was appointed to the upper House of Nobles of the legislature.

paragraph: He died September 8, 1878. He was replaced as Maui governor by John Owen Dominis, who was married to Lydia Kamakaeha, later Queen Liliuokalani. He was granted much land for his service, although some had to be sold to satisfy his debts by executor Charles T. Gulick.

paragraph: He probably had at least one child: Kalākaua filed a lawsuit which reached the supreme court in 1883, claiming some land that G. W. Keaweamahi had inherited from Moehonua. The court ruled against the king.

paragraph: In her autobiography, Liliuokalani, who may have been unaware or indifferent, downplays his family background, not mentioning if they were related:He was a most estimable man, far superior to many of a corresponding rank, which was not of the highest; yet he was a good specimen of the Hawaiian race, of noble birth and patriotic sentiments.

description: A native Hawaiian noble and politician in the Kingdom of Hawaii

wikidata_label: William Luther Moehonua

wikipedia_title: William Luther Moehonua


text:
Mickey Walker
Jack Britton
Maxie Rosenbloom
Len Harvey
Jimmy Slattery
International Boxing Hall of Fame
Cyber Boxing Zone Profile - Dave Shade

categories: International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees,Sportspeople from Vallejo, California,1902 births,Boxers from California,1983 deaths

paragraph: Dave Shade

paragraph: Dave Shade (March 3, 1902 – June 23, 1983) was an American boxer active from 1918 to the 1935, amassing a total of nearly 250 bouts fought during the course of his career. His famous low crouching bob-and-weave style earned him a reputation as one of the cleverest boxers of his time period. Although Shade never captured a world title, he fared very well against the best boxers of his era including the likes of Mickey Walker, Jack Britton, Maxie Rosenbloom, Len Harvey and Jimmy Slattery. Shade was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2011.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cyber Boxing Zone Profile - Dave Shade

description: US boxer

wikidata_label: Dave Shade

wikipedia_title: Dave Shade


text:
Yamashiro province
Minami-za
Kyôto
Edo

categories: 1722 births,18th-century Japanese actors,Kabuki,1762 deaths,Japanese male actors

paragraph: Sanogawa Ichimatsu

paragraph: He was born to a family of samurai in Fushimi in Yamashiro province and was adopted by Jinzô, an usher working at the Minamigawa no Shibai (Minami-za) in Kyôto. Later on, he trained in the Kamigata theaters under Sanogawa Mangiku.

paragraph: He settled in Edo in the 11th lunar month of 1744, where he stayed and won fame as a kabuki actor up to his death in the 11th lunar month of 1762.

description: Japanese actor

wikidata_label: Sanogawa Ichimatsu

wikipedia_title: Sanogawa Ichimatsu


text: French

text: tightrope walker

text: Philippe Petit

text: Twin Towers

text: Châlons-en-Champagne

text: Chinese acrobatics

text: Nanchang

text: Jade Kindar-Martin

text: skywalks

text: River Thames

text: London

text: Guinness World Record

text: Greenwich Meridian

text: Villers sur Mer

text: Millennium

text: Copenhagen

text: Rosenborg Castle

text: Dutch

text: Stade de France

text: Paris

text: Red Road flat complex

text: Glasgow

text: tower block

text: installation

text: Catherine Yass

text: Liberty Building

text: Buffalo, New York

text: Biography

text: The Scotsman

text: Metro

text: Tête en l’air et pieds sur terre

text: Official web site

text: Didier Pasquette in Montreal 2005

text: Saatchi Gallery

categories: Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Didier Pasquette

paragraph: Didier Pasquette is a noted French tightrope walker.

paragraph: Pasquette studied with Philippe Petit (famous for his high wire walk between the former Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York in 1974) and in 1989 received his diploma from the in Châlons-en-Champagne. He also studied Chinese acrobatics in Nanchang.

paragraph: For six years, he performed in partnership with Jade Kindar-Martin in theatrical high wire acts for "Camion Funambule". Pasquette and Kindar-Martin also became known for their dramatic skywalks.

paragraph: Section::::Notable walks.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 – Pasquette and Jade Kindar-Martin walked a 430-metre wire 30 metres above the River Thames in London, setting a Guinness World Record.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 – At midnight on December 31, 1999, Pasquette walked a high wire running along the Greenwich Meridian in Villers sur Mer as part of the Millennium celebrations in France.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 – Pasquette successfully walked a high wire from the Rosenborg Drill Ground in Copenhagen to the highest tower of Rosenborg Castle. The only previous attempt was in 1827 when Dutch tightrope acrobat Christian Roat was killed after the wire collapsed.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 – Pasquette walked on a wire stretched high above the Stade de France in Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 – Pasquette performed a high wire walk at the Red Road flat complex in Glasgow between three tower blocks 53 metres apart and 100 metres above the ground. Film of the attempt was incorporated into "High Wire", a multi-screen film and video installation by Catherine Yass for the 2008 Glasgow International Festival of Contemporary Visual Arts.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 – On September 23, 2010, at 6:30 p.m., Pasquette successfully walked a 150-foot wire tied between two replicas of the Statue of Liberty atop the 23-story Liberty Building in Buffalo, New York. The feat took about three minutes. Pasquette twice stopped during his walk to wave to the crowd. Pasquette lifted his right leg and waved his cap the first time. The second time, he went to a knee and waved his cap again from side to side. The weather was approximately 70 degrees Fahrenheit with a slight breeze.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography on the "High Wire" project site.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stephen McGinty, Glasgow proves tall order even for daredevil, "The Scotsman" 23 July 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taking risks for art with Didier Pasquette, "Metro", April 14, 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nadine Champenois, Tête en l’air et pieds sur terre, Portrait of Didier Pasquette (in French), " Petites Affiches Matot Braine", May 28, 2005, N. 7134.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official web site of Didier Pasquette

paragraph: BULLET::::- Didier Pasquette in Montreal 2005, Saatchi Gallery.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photographs of Didier Pasquette's 2007 high wire walk in Glasgow by Grant Gibson.

description: Tightrope walker

wikidata_label: Didier Pasquette

wikipedia_title: Didier Pasquette


text: London

text: William Ebsworth Hill

text: W. E. Hill & Sons

text: Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

text: Filimonov Fine Violins

text: Rene Vannes

text: William Henley

categories: English musical instrument makers,Luthiers,1835 births,1921 deaths,Bow makers

paragraph: James Tubbs

paragraph: James Tubbs (b 1835-d 1921)- one of the most celebrated English bow makers, and is considered "The English Tourte".

paragraph: Together with his son Alfred (d. 1912) they produced more than 5000 bows.

paragraph: It is universally accepted that James Tubbs ranks among the five or six most important bow makers in history.

paragraph: "The Tubbs family made bows and instruments as early as the 1800s, and five generations have practiced the craft."

paragraph: Born in London, in 1835, (eldest of eleven children) son of William. James worked for his father until 1860.

paragraph: James T. first started making bows for William Ebsworth Hill around 1860 and continued that relationship until 1870. His bows made for W. E. Hill & Sons are stamped W E Hill and are sometimes double stamped. In the 1870s Tubbs settled on his own opening a shop at 94 Wardour Street. The early bows from this period were branded "J. TUBBS." Around 1878 he changed this brand to "Jas. TUBBS."

paragraph: In 1885 he won a Gold medal for his bows at the Inventions Exhibition held that year in London, after which he was made bowmaker by Special Appointment to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

paragraph: The authority, Henley, calls him “this champion” and places him alongside Tourte, Peccatte and Voirin.

paragraph: "This champion, completely disciplined, stepped forward to challenge the opinion that French bows were the only bows worthy of artists' acceptance, and, he won the day on this field he had entered. To say that he was the equal of Tourte, Peccatte, and Voirin, is not a wild and extravagant hypothesis." - William Henley

paragraph: ”Intimately acquainted with the minutiae or perfect balance, familiar with the diversified style of celebrated predecessors, trained by long study of all the laws, wisely assimilated suggestions from various violinists, brought a refined and mature tact in seizing all the bearings couched under strength and elasticity, imbued with a sincere love of artistry and profound reverence for its dictates, and withal, endowed with a natural gift of manipulative skill. Possessed every qualification peculiarly fitting him to produce everything replete with perfection.”

paragraph: Typical characteristics are: Head is broad and full, the model being an early work of Francois Tourte. The frog with pearl eyes and long ferrule

paragraph: and one piece long buttons with solid metal (ex: silver ) are also typical of this period. Finest examples have metal fittings of engraved gold.

paragraph: World Record Auction Price: Sotheby's Mar 21, 1995 $43,608.00

paragraph: Round stick - ebony frog - gold and ebony adjuster - stamped and engraved "Made and presented to Prof. Aug. Wilhelmj by James Tubbs 1885" on the gold slide and "A.W." on the ferrule.

paragraph: String players generally regard his bows as extremely desirable, and will often go to great lengths to obtain one and collectors may pay huge amounts to own one.

paragraph: "Leading musicians of the day such as Piatti and Wilhelmj, were attracted by bows made by James Tubbs and were using them. Since then, his bows have been enjoyed and used by musicians (soloists, chamber musicians and orchestral players) the world over." Filimonov Fine Violins

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bows and Bowmakers - W.C. Retford 1964

paragraph: BULLET::::- W.E. Hill & Sons (A Tribute)- Richard Sadler 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dictionnaire Universel del Luthiers - Rene Vannes 1951,1972, 1985 (vol.3)

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Tubbs: the turbulent life of the great bow maker and master of the English school

paragraph: BULLET::::- Universal Dictionary of Violin & Bow Makers - William Henley 1970

description: British luthier

wikidata_label: James Tubbs

wikipedia_title: James Tubbs


text:
German
rower
East Germany
1976 Summer Olympics
1980 Summer Olympics
Packebusch

categories: People from Bezirk Magdeburg,Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics,Sportspeople from Saxony-Anhalt,World Rowing Championships medalists for East Germany,Olympic medalists in rowing,Olympic gold medalists for East Germany,Rowers at the 1976 Summer Olympics,Olympic rowers of East Germany,People from Kalbe,East German male rowers,Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in silver,1953 births,Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics,Rowers at the 1980 Summer Olympics,Living people

paragraph: Friedrich-Wilhelm Ulrich

paragraph: Friedrich-Wilhelm Ulrich (born 20 October 1953) is a German rower who competed for East Germany in the 1976 Summer Olympics and in the 1980 Summer Olympics.

paragraph: He was born in Packebusch. In 1976 he was a crew member of the East German boat which won the gold medal in the coxed pairs event. Four years later he won his second gold medal with the East German boat in the coxed pairs competition.

description: East German rower

wikidata_label: Friedrich-Wilhelm Ulrich

wikipedia_title: Friedrich-Wilhelm Ulrich


text:
German
coxswain
East Germany
1976
1980 Summer Olympics
Magdeburg
coxswain
coxed pair event
coxed pair competition

categories: Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics,Olympic medalists in rowing,World Rowing Championships medalists for East Germany,Coxswains (rowing),Olympic gold medalists for East Germany,Sportspeople from Magdeburg,Rowers at the 1976 Summer Olympics,Olympic rowers of East Germany,1951 births,East German male rowers,Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in silver,Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics,Rowers at the 1980 Summer Olympics,Living people

paragraph: Georg Spohr

paragraph: Georg Spohr (born 24 January 1951) is a German rowing coxswain who competed for East Germany in the 1976 and in the 1980 Summer Olympics.

paragraph: He was born in Magdeburg. In 1976 he was the coxswain of the East German boat that won the gold medal in the coxed pair event. Four years later he won his second gold medal when he again coxed the East German boat in the coxed pair competition.

description: East German coxswain

wikidata_label: Georg Spohr

wikipedia_title: Georg Spohr


text:
rower
East Germany
1976 Summer Olympics
1980 Summer Olympics
Burg bei Magdeburg
Marina Wilke
Rob Jahrling
1980 Summer Olympics
coxed pair
Friedrich-Wilhelm Ulrich
Georg Spohr
1976 Montreal Olympics
Patriotic Order of Merit
1977 World Rowing Championships
Amsterdam
Jürgen Pfeiffer
Gert Uebeler
Olaf Beyer
1978 World Rowing Championships
Cambridge, New Zealand
Patriotic Order of Merit
German reunification
Rowing Australia
Sally Robbins
women's eight
2004 Summer Olympics

categories: People from Bezirk Magdeburg,Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics,Sportspeople from Saxony-Anhalt,World Rowing Championships medalists for East Germany,Olympic medalists in rowing,1954 births,Olympic gold medalists for East Germany,Rowers at the 1976 Summer Olympics,Olympic rowers of East Germany,Australian rowing coaches,East German male rowers,People from Burg bei Magdeburg,Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics,Rowers at the 1980 Summer Olympics,Living people

paragraph: Harald Jährling

paragraph: Harald Jährling (born 20 June 1954) is a German rower who competed for East Germany in the 1976 Summer Olympics and in the 1980 Summer Olympics.

paragraph: Section::::Private llife.

paragraph: Jährling was born in Burg bei Magdeburg in 1954. In 1974, when he was 19, he had a child with rowing cox Marina Wilke; she was 15 at the time. Their son, Rob Jahrling, now lives in Australia and has represented that country in rowing at three Olympic Games. Jährling and Wilke got married in August 1980 soon after they both competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics. They later divorced.

paragraph: Section::::Rowing career.

paragraph: He crewed the East German coxed pair boat with Friedrich-Wilhelm Ulrich and cox Georg Spohr that won the gold medal at the 1976 Montreal Olympics. For his Olympic success, he was awarded the Patriotic Order of Merit in silver (2nd class) by the state. At the 1977 World Rowing Championships in Amsterdam, the same team won a silver medal. In the following season, they were beaten by Jürgen Pfeiffer and Gert Uebeler (with cox Olaf Beyer) at national rowing regattas and thus moved across to the men's eight instead. Jährling became world champion with the eight at the 1978 World Rowing Championships in Cambridge, New Zealand.

paragraph: At the 1980 Summer Olympics, he won his second gold medal with the East German boat in the coxed pairs competition. He was once more awarded the Patriotic Order of Merit in silver (2nd class) for his Olympic success.

paragraph: After his active career, Jährling worked as a rowing coach. With the German reunification, the East Germany rowing system collapsed and of some 200 coaches employed by the East German rowing association, only 28 were taken on afterwards. Jährling took a job with Rowing Australia. He was criticised for selecting Sally Robbins for the women's eight at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Robbins became infamous as "Lay Down Sally" in the Australian media, after stopping rowing in the final 250 m of the Olympic final, a behaviour she had displayed in at least six earlier races.

description: East German rower

wikidata_label: Harald Jährling

wikipedia_title: Harald Jährling


text: choreographer

text: ballet

text: tap

text: Ruth Page

text: Pacific Northwest Ballet

text: North Carolina Dance Theater

text: Lehi, Utah

text: University of Utah

text: National Dance Association

text: National Dance Education Organization

text: Guggenheim Fellowship

text: National Endowment for the Arts

text: Savion Glover

text: Brenda Bufalino

text: Dance Magazine

text: Cornish College of the Arts

text: Bill Evans Dance website

categories: American choreographers,University of New Mexico faculty,Dance teachers,University of Utah alumni,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people),American contemporary dancers

paragraph: Bill Evans (dancer)

paragraph: Bill Evans is a choreographer, performer, teacher, administrator, writer and movement analyst. More than 250 of Evans' works have been performed by professional and pre-professional ballet, modern dance and tap dance companies throughout the United States, including his own Bill Evans Dance Company, Repertory Dance Theatre, Concert Dance Company of Boston, Ballet West, Ririe-Woodbury Dance Company, Ruth Page Chicago Ballet, Pacific Northwest Ballet, North Carolina Dance Theater, Stars of American Ballet at Jacob's Pillow, Chicago Tap Theatre, Rochester City Ballet, FuturPointe Dance and many other companies. He has also created works for companies in Canada, Mexico and New Zealand.

paragraph: Section::::Childhood and education.

paragraph: A native of Lehi, Utah, James William "Bill" Evans began his performing career during childhood, appearing regularly on the Juvenile Jamboree, a Salt Lake City television program in the 1950s. He studied tap and ballet in Salt Lake City with Charles Purrington and then June Purrington Park from 1948 through 1955. He began studying ballet and character dance with Willam Christensen (founder of the San Francisco Ballet and Ballet West) at age 15. He opened his own studio, the Bill Evans School of Dance in Lehi in 1957 and added branches in Sandy (1958) and Draper (1959). He also taught for the Utah Conservatory of Dance in Provo, Heber, Spanish Fork, Moroni and Nephi, Utah.

paragraph: He graduated as salutatorian from Lehi High School in 1958. Throughout high school, he was active in the debate club (for two years he and his partners were undefeated in the state championship and the winners of the multi-state Weber College Invitation Tournament) and an actor in several school plays.

paragraph: He was a scholarship student at the University of Utah, where he danced in Orchesis, directed by Shirley Ririe and Joan Woodbury and in the Utah Theatre Ballet (later named Ballet West), directed by Willam Christensen. He received a Bachelor of Arts (BA) Degree in English and a BA-equivalent in ballet, from the University of Utah in Salt Lake City in 1963.

paragraph: He served for two years as an officer in the U.S. Army at Fort Knox, Kentucky, where he was printing control officer at the U.S. Army Armor School. During this time, he danced as a soloist with the Louisville Civic Ballet and took leading roles in musical theatre productions at the University of Louisville Belknap Theatre and the Iroquois Amphitheatre.

paragraph: After the army, he moved to New York City, where he was a scholarship student at the Joffrey Ballet School and then a trainee at Harkness House for Ballet Arts. He returned to the University of Utah in 1967 and was awarded a master of fine arts degree in modern dance in 1970. His thesis, "When Summoned," documented the creation of his ballet by that title for the Berlin Opera Ballet (West Berlin, Germany) in 1969.

paragraph: He has studied Laban Movement Analysis since 1976 and is a Certified Movement Analyst by the Laban/Bartenieff Institute of Movement Studies in New York City and a Certified Laban Movement Analyst by the Integrated Movement Studies Program at the University of Utah.

paragraph: Section::::Dance career.

paragraph: He first danced professionally in 1966, with the Briansky Ballet, based in New York City and Binghamtom, NY and as a guest with the Washington (D.C.) Ballet and the Atlanta Ballet. After dancing with the Lyric Opera of Chicago (a966) and touring nationally with Ruth Page's Chicago Ballet (1067), he returned to Utah, where he joined the Repertory Dance Theatre in the spring of 1967. He remained with the company working full-time as a dancer, choreographer and one of three artistic coordinators through the spring of 1974. He has served on RDT's advisory board for many years and has returned often to choreograph new works, re-stage older works and/or teach company classes. He will create a new work for RDT's 50th anniversary in August, 2015.

paragraph: In 1970, he founded the Bill Evans Solo Dance Repertory. He has continued to perform solo concerts throughout the years, and his work as a solo artist has taken him to 22 different countries. He will perform solo concerts to celebrate his 75th birthday in Winnipeg, Salt Lake City and Albuquerque in the spring, summer and fall of 2015.

paragraph: In 1974, Bill Evans left Utah Repertory Dance Theatre to form his own professional ensemble, the Bill Evans Dance Company (BEDCO). In 1976, he moved BEDCO to Seattle, Washington. He also became artistic director of Dance Theatre Seattle/Bill Evans Dance Company School, at the time the largest school of modern dance in the Pacific Northwest. For several years, the Evans Company was among the most-booked dance groups in the United States, under the auspices of the Dance Touring and Artist in the Schools Programs of the National Endowment for the Arts.

paragraph: As a solo artist and/or with the Bill Evans Dance Company, Mr. Evans has performed in all 50 U.S. states and many other countries. He has taught, performed and choreographed at the American Dance Festival and at the Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival. His company performed at the Spoleto Festival USA and in many festivals in Mexico and Europe.

paragraph: He has choreographed more than 250 works. Some of his best-known pieces are: For Betty, Quartet for Jamie, Octet for Jacquie, Requiem for Janet, For Tim, The Legacy, Impressions of Willow Bay, Colony, Bach Dances, Tres Tangos, Jukebox, When Summoned, Tin-Tal, Five Songs in August, Yes Indeed, Los Ritmos Calientes, Velorio, Saintly Passion, Barefoot Boy With Marbles in His Toes, Climbing to the Moon, Albuquerque Love Song, Dreamweaver, Together Through Time, Rhythms of the Earth, Within Bounds, Hard Times, Craps, Naturescape Unfolding, Diverse Concerto, Multiple Margaret, Alternating Current, Prairie Fever, Doin' M' Best, Keep On Tryin', Remembering, Cuttin' A Rug, Field of Blue Children, Mixin' It Up, Double Bill Echoes of Autumn and Suite Benny. He has frequently collaborated with jazz musicians, including Bill Evans the famous jazz pianist—with whom he created Double Bill and Mixin It Up, in 1978 and 1979. Other famous collaborators have included ballerinas Cynthia Gregory and Christine Sarry.

paragraph: In 1983, Evans became artistic director, resident choreographer and company teacher of Winnipeg's Contemporary Dancers, the oldest professional modern dance company in Canada. He was also artistic director of the Professional Program of the School of Contemporary Dancers. He has maintained an ongoing professional relationship with Winnipeg's School of Contemporary Dancers and has taught and choreographed for the Senior Professional Program at SCD annually for more than two decades.

paragraph: In 1986, Evans became associate professor and director of contemporary dance at Indiana University, where BEDCO was in residence. He frequently returns to I.U. to teach, choreograph and/or perform.

paragraph: In 1988, Evans joined the faculty at the University of New Mexico Theatre and Dance Department as Full Professor and Head of Dance. His company was based in New Mexico for 16 years, and performed frequently in Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Taos, Sandia Park and other communities, as well as on national and international tours.

paragraph: In 1992, he founded the Bill Evans Rhythm Tap Ensemble. He founded the New Mexico Tap Festival and Dance Tap Jam in 1999.

paragraph: He returns regularly to Albuquerque to teach, perform and choreograph for the New Mexico Tap Dance Jam.

paragraph: From 2004 through 2014, his company was based at The College at Brockport, State University of New York, where Evans was a visiting professor/guest artist. BEDCO performed regularly in Rochester, Buffalo and other communities in Western New York and elsewhere, including performances at the Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival in 2012 and 2013. BEDCO has appeared in the American Dance Guild Performance Festival in New York City five times since 2009.

paragraph: The Bill Evans Dance Company celebrated its 40th anniversary with performances in the Hochstein Performance Hall in Rochester in April, 2014. In August, 2014, Evans relocated to Providence, Rhode Island, and he is now a professor of dance at Dean College in Franklin, Massachusetts. The Bill Evans Dance Company will perform in Providence on April 12 and in Cambridge, Massachusetts on April 17 and 18, in celebration of Evans' 75th birthday.

paragraph: Section::::Teaching career.

paragraph: Evans has served as an assistant professor of Modern Dance at the University of Utah, a visiting professor of dance at the University of Washington and an associate professor of modern dance and coordinator of the Contemporary Dance Program at Indiana University. He is Distinguished Emeritus Professor of Dance at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, where he served as a full-time faculty member from 1988 to 2004. He is Visiting Professor Emeritus at The College at Brockport, State University of New York, where he served on the full-time faculty of the Department of Dance from August, 2014 through August, 2014. He became professor of dance at Dean College in Franklin, Massachusetts on August 27, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Teaching career.:Method of Teaching Dance Technique.

paragraph: Evans has worked internationally in the field of somatics-based dance technique and began the integration of Laban Movement Analysis, Bartenieff Fundamentals and modern dance technique in 1976.

paragraph: In 1977, he founded the Bill Evans Summer Institute of Dance in Seattle. Since that time, thousands of dancers have studied the Evans Technique is annual summer sessions in many cities in the U.S., Canada and Mexico. Since 1999, his summer programs have been primarily devoted to sharing his pedagogy of dance technique with dance educators. In 2002, he founded a Certification Program in the Evans Method of Teaching Dance Technique. Thousands of teachers have studied with Evans and his associates in annual summer programs in such locations as Port Townsend and Seattle, Washington; Albuquerque, Santa Fe and Las Cruces, New Mexico; Nanaimo and Winnipeg, Canada; Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas; Indianapolis and Bloomington, Indiana; Moraga, California; Puebla, Mexico; Brockport and New York City, New York.

paragraph: In 2015, the Bill Evans Dance Teachers' Intensives and the International Conference on Somatics-Based Dance Education (which he founded) will take place at the Palladino School of Dance at Dean College in Franklin, Massachusetts.

paragraph: Section::::Teaching career.:Publications and Organizations.

paragraph: His book, "Reminiscences of a Dancing Man: A Photographic Essay of a Life in Dance" was published by the National Dance Association in 2005. Evans wrote a monthly column, “Tips for Modern Teachers,” for Dance Studio Life for three years ending in December, 2014.

paragraph: Published articles and book chapters include: Essential Evans, Dance Studio Life, 62 – 66, March/April, 2010: From the Heart, Dance Magazine, 210, January, 2010; Dance Education: Aliveness in the Present—Cultivating Openness to Continual (and Positive) Change, keynote address for the 2008 National Dance Association Pedagogy Conference at Saratoga Springs, published in a monograph—Focus on Dance Pedagogy: The Evolving Art of Teaching Excellence—by the National Dance Association, 88 – 96, 2009; Modern Marvels, Dance Teacher, 74, March 2008; Breath, Focus, Expression, Dance Magazine College Guide 2005 & 06, 41-42; Learning from Professional Dancers as a College Dance Major, Dancer Magazine, 32 - 33, May, 2005; Teaching Movement Analysis, J. Chazin-Bennahum (Ed.), Teaching Dance Studies, 1 – 17, 2005; We Must Provide Safe and Non-judgmental Support for our Lesbian, Gay and Transgender Students, Journal of Dance Education, 38 - 40, winter, 2004; Fully Alive, Dance Magazine College Guide 2004 & 05, 142 - 143; New Mexico Dance Pride. ABQ Arts, 4, December,2003/January, 2004; How I Survived My Dance Training, Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 137 - 140, winter, 2003/2004; Fully alive, Dance Magazine, 44, October 2003; The multi-Colored Sky, Journal of Dance Education, 53-56, summer, 2003; Daniel Nagrin: A Strange Hero’s Influence, Dance Magazine, 58-59, April 2002; Teaching What I Want to Learn [revised], Contact Quarterly, 43-51, summer/fall 1999; Teaching What I Want to Learn: NDA Scholar/Artist Lecture, American Association of Health, Physical Education, Research and Dance, March, 1997; Laban Movement Analysis as the Basis for Teaching Movement and Dance, Journal of Early Childhood Connections, 37-44 fall, 1995; East of Bombay, an American Dance Teacher, Performer and Choreographer Recaps his Journey to Western India. Dance Teacher Now, 40-50, July/August, 1995; Dancers in Cap and Gown, Dance Magazine, 56-58, July, 1995; In Today’s Troubling World, Dance Can be a Tool for Kids [invited editorial], Albuquerque Tribune, March 8, 1990; I Had to Dance, Puget Soundings, 18-19, December, 1977.

paragraph: The Legacy: Bill Evans, Reaching Out from the Regional Southwest, is a published videotape including a 23-minute interview of Bill Evans responding to questions asked by Jennifer Noyer and a special performance of The Legacy by the Bill Evans Dance Company, published by Harwood Academic Publishers, summer 2000. The videographer/editor is Rogulja Wolf. Jennifer Noyer wrote the accompanying book.

paragraph: Mr. Evans has been the subject of feature articles in several national and international publications, including:

paragraph: Dance Teacher, July, 2010; Dance Teacher, March, 2008, February, 2007, October, 2003, October, 2001, and January, 2000; On Tap (publication of the International Tap Association), summer, 2007; Dance Studio Life (formerly Goldrush Magazine), May/June, 2007; Dance Magazine, January, 2007, October, 2003, April, 1990, and February, 1977; Experience (Centrum’s Magazine for the Creative Life), summer, 2006; Albuquerque Arts, June 2004; Albuquerque Magazine, June 2004; Dance Spirit, April, 2000; Dance Teacher Now, May/June, 1993; Escenica, Mexico City, September/October,1992.

paragraph: His biography is included in the International Dictionary of Modern Dance, 1998, pp. 245 – 250.

paragraph: He is a featured subject in:

paragraph: The Dancer Within: Intimate Conversations with Great Dancers, by Rose Eichnbaum, published by Wesleyan University Press, 2008;

paragraph: Seven Statements of Survival: Conversations with Dance Professionals (Carolyn Carlson, Bill Evans, Garth Fagan, Deborah Jowitt, Joann Keali’Nohomoku, Madeleine Nichols and Andrea Snyder), edited by Renata Chilchowska, published by Dance and Movement Press, 2007;

paragraph: Will Modern Dance Survive? Lessons to be Learned from the Pioneers and Unsung Visionaries of Modern Dance, written by Beth Soll, published by the Edwin Mellon Press, 2002.

paragraph: He has served on the boards of directors of the National Dance Association, the National Dance Education Organization and the American College Dance Festival Association. He has served as an adjudicator at conferences of the American College Dance Festival Association since 1981 and for Regional Dance America on several occasions.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and recognition.

paragraph: Evans has been the recipient of numerous grants and awards, including a Guggenheim Fellowship and thirteen fellowships and grants from the National Endowment for the Arts.

paragraph: In 1997, he was selected as the National Dance Association Scholar/Artist. NDA published his keynote address, "Teaching What I want to Learn." He gave subsequent keynote addresses at two NDA Pedagogy Conferences, one in Saratoga Springs, NY and the other in Las Cruces, NM.

paragraph: In 2001, he received the New Mexico Governor's Award for Excellence and Achievement in the Arts. In 2004, he was selected, along with Savion Glover and Brenda Bufalino, as one of three favorite world tap dance artists in the "Dance Magazine" Readers' Choice Poll.

paragraph: In 2005, Evans received the National Dance Education Organization's Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2009, he received the Dance Teacher Magazine Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2010, he was awarded an honorary doctorate of Fine Arts by the Cornish College of the Arts in Seattle. In 2011, he received the Outstanding Service Award from the National High School Dance Festival. In 2013, he was also made an honorary member of the International Association of Dance Medicine and Science. In 2014, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Dance Guild at the Ailey Citygroup Theatre in New York City.

paragraph: In 2013, Evans served as a Fulbright Program Specialist in a two-part residency (January and July) in Guatemala, City, Guatemala, under the auspices of Universidad Rafael Landivar and ArteCentro.

paragraph: His choreographic works have been selected for gala performances at numerous regional conferences of the American College Dance Festival Association, and at three of the ACDFA National Festivals.

paragraph: Section::::Reviews and articles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rochester City Newspaper article by Casey Carlsen, November 26, 2008

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bill Evans Dance website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seattle Modern Dance: The Legacy of Bill Evans, symposium, September 30, 2007

description: American dancer

wikidata_label: Bill Evans

wikipedia_title: Bill Evans (dancer)


text:
coxswain
United Team of Germany
1964 Summer Olympics
East Germany
1968
1976 Summer Olympics
eight
1970 World Rowing Championships

categories: Rowers at the 1964 Summer Olympics,Rowers at the 1968 Summer Olympics,Olympic medalists in rowing,World Rowing Championships medalists for East Germany,Olympic rowers of the United Team of Germany,Coxswains (rowing),1940 births,Olympic gold medalists for East Germany,Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics,Rowers at the 1976 Summer Olympics,Olympic rowers of East Germany,National People's Army military athletes,East German male rowers,Living people

paragraph: Karl-Heinz Danielowski

paragraph: Karl-Heinz Danielowski (born 31 March 1940) is a retired German coxswain. He competed for the United Team of Germany at the 1964 Summer Olympics and for East Germany at the 1968 and 1976 Summer Olympics. In 1964 and 1968 he finished in seventh place in the coxed pairs and eights, respectively, whereas in 1976 he won a gold medal in the eight.

paragraph: Danielowski also won two European titles, in 1964 and 1973, and a silver at the 1970 World Rowing Championships.

description: East German coxswain

wikidata_label: Karl-Heinz Danielowski

wikipedia_title: Karl-Heinz Danielowski