text:
Countess of Foix
Matthew
Archambaud de Grailly
Joanna
House of Foix
Pyrenees
Hundred Years' War
Charles VI of France
Charles III of Navarre
Joan
Crown of Aragon
Martin of Aragon
John
Charles I of Albret
Battle of Agincourt
James II of Urgell
Infanta Isabella
Peter IV of Aragon
Henry II of France
Gaston
House of Foix-Candale
Matthew
Peter

categories: 15th-century Princes of Andorra,House of Foix,Viscounts of Béarn,14th-century French people,15th-century women rulers,14th-century women rulers,1428 deaths,Counts of Foix,14th-century French women,Medieval French nobility,1361 births,15th-century French people,14th-century Princes of Andorra,Viscounts of Lautrec

paragraph: Isabella, Countess of Foix

paragraph: Isabella of Foix also known as "Isabella of Foix-Castelbon" (before 2 November 1361-1428) was sovereign Countess of Foix and Viscountess of Béarn from 1399 until 1428. She was Countess of Foix in her own right, but shared power with her husband and later with her son. She succeeded as countess along with her husband upon the death of her childless brother Matthew.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: She was the daughter of Roger Bernard V, Viscount of Castelbon and his wife Gerauda of Navailles. Isabella was the eldest of three children, her two brothers were the aforementioned Matthew and Roger Bernard, who died young and childless.

paragraph: Isabella married in 1381 to Archambaud de Grailly.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Countess of Foix.

paragraph: After the death of her younger brother Matthew in 1398, who had tried to claim the Aragonese crown for his wife Joanna, Isabella was the last living member of the House of Foix and was heir of a large ownership which focused especially on the northern slopes of the Pyrenees. This heritage was to be denied to Isabella by the French Crown because of her marriage to Archambaud, whose family had been supporters of the English during the Hundred Years' War. Charles VI of France wanted to prevent Foix from falling under influence of England, so a royal army under the leadership of the Constable de Sancerre invaded Foix and occupied large portions. In this situation, Isabella and her husband were willing to submit to the French Crown. The Treaty of Tarbes on 10 May 1399 saw Isabella made countess as long as her husband stopped his alliance with the English and allow the two oldest sons of the couple to be taken to royal court.

paragraph: The fate of the new Foix dynasty during the French feudal period was reflected in its name because Isabella's descendants renounced the leadership of the name and coat of arms of Grailly in favor of the House of Foix's. The loyalty of the new dynasty of Foix to France was awarded in 1412, when Archambaud was appointed lieutenant-general of the Languedoc. In 1402 Isabella and her husband arranged the marriage for their eldest son, John, to the eldest daughter of Charles III of Navarre, Joan, who was formally recognised as heir to the kingdom later that year. This marriage hoped to make a union between Foix and Navarre. However, in 1413, Joan died leaving no issue and John a widower, all hope of a union had now failed.

paragraph: Foix was a neighbour of the Crown of Aragon. The conditions were relaxed after 1400 when King Martin of Aragon refunded Isabella the county of Castelbon which the king had withdrawn from her brother 1386, after he fought for the crown.

paragraph: Archambaud died in 1413, Isabella died in 1428 and was buried in the Abbey of Boulbonne, the resting place of her ancestors.

paragraph: Section::::Children.

paragraph: The couple were married for around thirty-two years, in which time they had five sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John (c.1382- 4 May 1436), succeeded as "John I, Count of Foix". He married three times; he had two sons by his second wife, Jeanne d'Albret (1403–1433), who was the daughter of Charles I of Albret, commander of the French forces at the Battle of Agincourt, and Marie, Dame de Sully. His third wife was Joanna of Urgell, daughter of James II of Urgell and Infanta Isabella, daughter of Peter IV of Aragon. He was an ancestor of King Henry II of France

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gaston (died after 1455), married Margaret d'Albret, by whom he had issue; he was an ancestor of the House of Foix-Candale

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archambaud (killed in battle 10 September 1419) married Sancha de Cabrera and had a daughter, also named Isabelle

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matthew (died December 1453), married firstly to Margaret, Countess of Comminges, had no issue; secondly to Catherine of Coarraze, by whom he had two daughters. He also fathered two illegitimate children by mistresses whose identities are unknown.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter (1386- 13 December 1464), Archbishop of Arles

description: french countess

wikidata_label: Isabella, Countess of Foix

wikipedia_title: Isabella, Countess of Foix


text:
Swedish
ice hockey
winger
Los Angeles Kings
National Hockey League
2018 NHL Entry Draft
Linköpings HC
2015–16 SHL season
2018–19

categories: 1999 births,Linköpings HC players,Los Angeles Kings draft picks,Swedish ice hockey players,Living people

paragraph: Johan Södergran

paragraph: Johan Södergran (born November 20, 1999) is a Swedish professional ice hockey winger currently playing under contract with the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League (NHL). Södergran was drafted in the sixth round of the 2018 NHL Entry Draft, 165th overall, by the Kings.

paragraph: Södergran made his SHL debut with Linköpings HC in 2016, playing in a single game during the 2015–16 SHL season.

paragraph: In the 2018–19 season, Södergran appeared in 42 games with Linkopings HC, posting 8 goals and 13 points. On 10 June, 2019, he agreed to a three-year, entry-level contract with the Los Angeles Kings.

description: ice hockey player (1999-)

wikidata_label: Johan Södergran

wikipedia_title: Johan Södergran


text:
Boreham House
Chelmsford
Conservative Party
Cheshunt
Felsted School
Winchester College
Trinity College, Cambridge
Jesus College
Member of Parliament
Essex
North Essex

wikipedia_title: North Essex (UK Parliament constituency)

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,UK MPs 1835–1837,Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge,UK MPs 1847–1852,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,People educated at Winchester College,1795 births,UK MPs 1837–1841,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom,UK MPs 1830–1831,Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge,People from Chelmsford,Tory MPs (pre-1834),UK MPs 1841–1847,1877 deaths

paragraph: Sir John Tyrell, 2nd Baronet

paragraph: Sir John Tyssen Tyrell, 2nd Baronet (21 December 1795 – 19 September 1877), of Boreham House, near Chelmsford, Essex, was an English Conservative Party politician.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Tyrell was the eldest son of Sir John Tyrell, 1st Baronet and Sarah Tyssen, the daughter and heiress of William Tyssen of Cheshunt, Hertfordshire. Tyrell was educated at Felsted School and Winchester College before being admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1813. In 1814 he migrated college to Jesus College. On 19 May 1819, he married Elizabeth Ann Pilkington, the daughter of Sir Thomas Pilkington, 7th Baronet. They had two sons and three daughters.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Tyrell was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Essex from 1830 to 1831. Succeeding his father as Baronet in 1832, he sat as MP for North Essex from 1832 to 1857.

description: English politician

wikidata_label: Sir John Tyrell, 2nd Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir John Tyrell, 2nd Baronet


text:
Persian
Arabic
Ilkhanate
Iran
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Armenia
Iraq
Turkey
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Golden Horde
Keraites
Mongolian
Öljaitü
Ujan
Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
Chupan
Muhammad Üzbeg
Baghdad Khatun
Hasan Buzurg
Demasq Kaja
Herat
Mamluks
Timurtash
Black Death
Sarbadars
Ibn Battuta
Arpa Ke'un
Mongols
Turks
Persians
Uljay Qutlugh Khatun
Ghazan
Baghdad Khatun
Chupan
Hasan Buzurg
Dilshad Khatun
Demasq Kaja
Tekuder
Genghis Khan
Tolui
Hulagu Khan
Abaqa
Arghun
Öljaitü

wikipedia_title:
Persian language
Arabic
Ilkhanate
Iran
Azerbaijan
Georgia (country)
Armenia
Iraq
Turkey
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Golden Horde
Keraites
Mongolian language
Öljaitü
Ujan
Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
Chupan
Öz Beg Khan
Baghdad Khatun
Hasan Buzurg
Demasq Kaja
Herat
Mamluk
Timurtash
Black Death
Sarbadars
Ibn Battuta
Arpa Ke'un
Mongols
Turkic peoples
History of Iran
Uljay Qutlugh Khatun
Ghazan
Baghdad Khatun
Chupan
Hasan Buzurg
Dilshad Khatun
Demasq Kaja
Tekuder
Genghis Khan
Tolui
Hulagu Khan
Abaqa Khan
Arghun
Öljaitü

categories: 1335 deaths,1305 births,Il-Khan emperors,14th-century monarchs in Asia,Mongol Empire Muslims

paragraph: Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan

paragraph: Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan (June 2, 1305 – December 1, 1335) (Persian, Arabic: ), also spelt Abusaid Bahador Khan, Abu Sa'id Behauder (, "Busayid Baghatur Khan", "Бусайд баатар хаан"/"Busaid baatar khaan", in modern Mongolian), was the ninth ruler of Ilkhanate c. 1316-1335. This kingdom encompasses the present day countries of Iran, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia, as well as portions of Iraq, Turkey, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: After defeating the forces of Golden Horde and the rebellion groups of the Keraites Rinchin, in 1306 and 1322 respectively, the Mongols gave the title of Baghatur (from Mongolian "баатар", meaning "hero, warrior"), to the infant heir-apparent of Öljaitü, Abu Sa'id, who was born in Ujan.

paragraph: During the earlier years of Abu Sa'id's reign, the Judeo-Muslim scholar and Vizier Rashid-al-Din Hamadani was beheaded. This left the emir Chupan as the de facto ruler of Ilkhanate. In 1325, Chupan defeated a force led by Muhammad Üzbeg, Khan of the Golden Horde. In turn, the emir Chupan invaded the Golden Horde's territories.

paragraph: Abu Sa'id then fell in love with Baghdad Khatun, one of emir Chupan's daughters. The emir's efforts to keep Abu Sa'id from marrying his daughter, who was still married to Hasan Buzurg (another powerful kingmaker of the era), did not help the situation. In August 1327, Abu Sa'id had one of Chupan's sons, Demasq Kaja, killed, apparently for his activities with a former concubine of Öljaitü's. Later, Chupan himself was killed by the Kartids, who were the lords of Herat. In the meantime, the Mamluks beheaded Timurtash, another son of Chupan, who was a governor and had revolted against the Ilkhanate years before, and had shown unusual mercy.

paragraph: In the 1330s, the outbreak of the Black Death ravaged the Ilkhanate. Abu Sa'id and his sons were among those who fell victims to the plague. In consequence of which, Abu Sa'id died without an heir or an appointed successor, thus leaving the Ilkhanate vulnerable, leading to clashes of the major families, such as the Chupanids, the Jalayirids, and new movements like the Sarbadars. On his return to Persia, the great voyager Ibn Battuta was amazed to discover that the realm which had seemed to be so mighty only twenty years before, had dissolved so quickly. The Ilkhanate lost cohesion after the death of Abu Sa'id, and that of his successor, Arpa Ke'un, becoming a plethora of little kingdoms run by Mongols, Turks, and Persians.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consorts

paragraph: Abu Sa'id married six times:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Uljay Qutlugh Khatun (m. 5 July 1317), daughter of Ghazan Khan and Bulughan Khatun, and widow of Prince Bastam;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baghdad Khatun (m. 1327 - div. 1333, executed 16 December 1336), daughter of Amir Chupan, and former wife of Hasan Buzurg;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malika Khatun, daughter of Tuka ibn Sulamish bin Tingiz Kurkan;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dilshad Khatun (m. 1333, died 27 December 1351), daughter of Demasq Kaja and Tursin Khatun, daughter of Irinjin Kurkan and Konchak Khatun, daughter of Tekuder;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adil Shah Khatun (died 7 May 1332), daughter of Tukal ibn Amir Isan Qutlugh;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarqadaq Khatun, daughter of Daulat Shah Suldoz, relative of Amir Chupan;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughter

paragraph: Abu Sa'id had one daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- A daughter (born 18 May 1336) - with Dilshad Khatun;

paragraph: Section::::Genealogy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genghis Khan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tolui

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hulagu Khan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abaqa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arghun

paragraph: BULLET::::- Öljaitü

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abu Sa'id Bahadur

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). "The Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire". Facts on File, Inc. .

description: Mongolian Ilkhan, Khan of Persia

wikidata_label: Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan

wikipedia_title: Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan


text:
Lille
Paris
Art Nouveau
Ecole des Beaux-Arts de Paris
Eugène Delaplanche
Société des Artistes Français
Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts
Légion d'Honneur
fin-de-siècle
bas-relief
Abbeville
Nantes

wikipedia_title: École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts

categories: Art Nouveau sculptors,19th-century French sculptors,French male sculptors,People from Lille,1841 births,1923 deaths,20th-century French sculptors,Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur

paragraph: Agathon Léonard

paragraph: Agathon Léonard or Léonard Agathon van Weydevelt (1841 Lille - 1923 Paris), was a French Art Nouveau sculptor.

paragraph: Léonard moved to Paris when quite young and studied sculpture at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts de Paris under Eugène Delaplanche. He became a member of the Société des Artistes Français in 1887 and a member of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts in 1897. He regularly exhibited across France, and was made a chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur in 1900. Some of his best-known works are studies of dancers, such as "La Cothurne" (Tragic Pose from Le Jeu de l'escharpe), modeled in 1895 and cast in 1900. The "Play of the Scarf", executed in a characteristic fin-de-siècle manner and rendered in gilt, showed a dancer in a flowing gown with a billowing scarf held above her head. This piece was produced in 1897, was inspired by the renowned dancer, Lois Fuller and was displayed as a table centerpiece at the 1900 World's Fair at the "Pavillon de Sèvres" in Paris.

paragraph: Bronze casting of Léonard's work was carried out by the Susse Frères Editeurs foundry. Besides bronze, he also produced works in marble, quartz and ivory. His bas-relief of St. Cecilia is to be found in the Abbeville Museum and the Nantes Museum houses a bust titled "The Plunderer of Shipwrecks".

paragraph: Léonard also produced Art Nouveau medallions, statuettes and pottery.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ingelore Böstge, "Agathon Léonard: Le Geste Art Nouveau", Somogy Éditions D'Art (Paris, 2003)

alias:
Léonard Agathon van Weydevelt
Agathon Weydeveldt van
Agathon Leonard
Leonard Agathon van Weydevelt

description: French sculptor

wikidata_label: Agathon Léonard

wikipedia_title: Agathon Léonard


text:
Stavanger
representational
painter
figurative
horizon
geometry
chiaroscuro
Leonardo da Vinci
Titian
Caravaggio
Rembrandt
Johannes Vermeer
Diego Velázquez
Goya
J.M.W. Turner
Lars Hertervig
Norway
shipyard
art
Norwegian
Artist's webpage
Gallery Skjæveland
Store Norske Leksikon
Listen.no

categories: People from Stavanger,Figurative art,21st-century Norwegian painters,20th-century Norwegian painters,Living people

paragraph: Stian Heimlund Skjæveland

paragraph: Stian Heimlund Skjæveland (born November 19, 1973 in Stavanger) is a Norwegian representational painter and sculptor in the figurative tradition who also draws in black and white. He is inspired by the horizon, geometry and the tension between light and darkness (chiaroscuro).

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: He has formal background from Kunstskolen i Bergen (The Art School in Bergen), Merkantilt Institutt (MI) i Bergen, and Tegne-og maleskolen i Bergen (Bergen Drawing and Painting School), Norway. After finishing formal education he independently studied the old masters such as Leonardo da Vinci, Titian, Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Johannes Vermeer, Diego Velázquez, Goya and J.M.W. Turner. Within a Norwegian context the mystical landscape visions created by Lars Hertervig has been closely examined.

paragraph: As a creator of pictorials Stian has performed for the last 20 years, and has been purchased by Mayor`s office and Council chambers municipality of Strand, Norway. The artist has in recent years simplified his paintings to achieve a more monumental expression. Stian Heimlund Skjæveland has his own gallery in a small former shipyard in Jørpeland Norway.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Exhibitions in Norway (selected),.

paragraph: BULLET::::- R-Open, Rogaland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lysefjord-Helleren, Lysefjorden

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galleri Sagholmen, Jørpeland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ryfylke kulturfestival, Jørpeland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galleri Motvekt, Stavanger

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dale's Galleri, Karmøy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galleri F12, Stavanger

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galleri 1897, Kristiansand

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ryfylkeutstillingen, Strand, Hjelmeland, Forsand, Suldal, Finnøy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spinneriet, Hjelmeland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Focus, Stavanger

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galleri OS, Sandnes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galleri Loyd, Oslo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galleri Skjæveland, Jørpeland

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Work of embellishment.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Museum of Archaeology, Stavanger, Norway

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mayor's office, municipality of Strand, Norway

paragraph: BULLET::::- Council chambers, municipality of Strand, Norway

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The art book "Når Dagen Gryr", 1999 (Only in Norwegian)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artist's webpage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gallery Skjæveland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Store Norske Leksikon (only in Norwegian)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Listen.no

description: Representational painter

wikidata_label: Stian Heimlund Skjæveland

wikipedia_title: Stian Heimlund Skjæveland


text: road bicycle racer

text: Tour de France

text: Giro d'Italia

text: team time trial

text: team pursuit

text: 1964 Summer Olympics

text: physiotherapist

text: Willy Voet

text: Deutschland Tour

categories: Cyclists at the 1964 Summer Olympics,1942 births,Belgian male cyclists,People from Sint-Niklaas,Sportspeople from East Flanders,Tour de France cyclists,Olympic cyclists of Belgium,Belgian Giro d'Italia stage winners,1991 deaths,Belgian Tour de France stage winners,Giro d'Italia cyclists

paragraph: Albert Van Vlierberghe

paragraph: Albert Van Vlierberghe (18 March 1942 – 20 December 1991) was a Belgian professional road bicycle racer. Van Vlierberghe won three stages in the Tour de France, and three stages in the Giro d'Italia. He also competed in the team time trial and the team pursuit events at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

paragraph: In his 1999 book, "Breaking the Chain: Drugs and Cycling, the True Story," Belgian sports physiotherapist Willy Voet described an incident involving Van Vlierberghe that occurred during the 1979 Deutschland Tour. Voet, then the "soigneur" with Van Vlierberghe's team, Flandria, claims that Van Vlierberghe, "a decent Belgian racer but with no taste for the hills," asked Voet to drive him ahead of his fellow racers to avoid a six-mile stretch of hill in the course. Voet claims that Van Vlierberghe slipped back into the race without being detected and went on to place sixth on the stage. Voet used the incident to defend his assertion that for many professional riders at the time, cheating was "a way of life."

paragraph: Section::::Major results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Tour de France results for Albert Van Vlierberghe

description: Road bicycle racer (1942-1991)

wikidata_label: Albert Van Vlierberghe

wikipedia_title: Albert Van Vlierberghe


text: Sicilian

text: crime boss

text: Cleveland crime family

text: organized crime

text: national Prohibition

text: corn sugar

text: corn whiskey

text: underboss

text: Salvatore "Black Sam" Todaro

text: Licata

text: Sicily

text: sulfur

text: New York City

text: Little Italy

text: Hough

text: Central

text: confectionery

text: Salvatore "Black Sam" Todaro

text: Joseph Porrello

text: extortion

text: robbery

text: aggravated assault

text: Ohio State Reformatory

text: grand jury

text: brewing

text: beer

text: distillation of liquor

text: Italian American

text: gang

text: Little Italy

text: protection racket

text: underboss

text: Angelo Palmeri

text: godfather

text: Cleveland Syndicate

text: Moe Dalitz

text: Louis Rothkopf

text: Jewish

text: Akron

text: bootlegging

text: Pennsylvania

text: barriers to entry

text: Frank Milano

text: John Angersola

text: Charles Colletti

text: Lawrence Lupo

text: Charles Russo

text: corn whiskey

text: Corn sugar

text: cornmeal

text: corn

text: rye

text: mash

text: cottage industry

text: speakeasies

text: hit men

text: bail

text: Akron

text: Political economist

text: Nicola Gentile

text: The Commission

text: Salvatore "Toto" D'Aquila

text: Giuseppe "Joe the Boss" Masseria

text: sting

text: Joseph Biondo

text: Buffalo crime family

text: sideshow

text: strongman

text: tattoo

text: blackmail

text: Buffalo, New York

text: Cleveland Heights

text: butcher shop

text: pistol

text: will

text: wake

text: Shaker Heights

text: hearse

text: Calvary Cemetery

text: blood feuds

text: Boston

text: Massachusetts

text: cuffs

text: cufflink

text: tie pin

text: Buckeye–Shaker

text: common-law

text: Angelo

text: East Cleveland

text: Sandusky, Ohio

text: hatchet

text: St. Louis, Missouri

text: probate court

text: legally repossessed

categories: 1927 murders in the United States,1884 births,Deaths by firearm in Ohio,Italian emigrants to the United States,Murdered American mobsters of Sicilian descent,Cleveland crime family,1927 deaths,Burials in Calvary Cemetery (Cleveland, Ohio),American mobsters of Sicilian descent,People murdered in Ohio

paragraph: Joseph Lonardo

paragraph: Joseph Lonardo (October 20, 1884 — October 13, 1927), also known as Big Joe, was a Sicilian emigrant to the United States who became the first crime boss of the Cleveland crime family, which he organized from a competing number of organized crime gangs. When national Prohibition began in 1920, Lonardo became a dealer in corn sugar, an essential ingredient in the manufacture of corn whiskey. Lonardo's control of the Cleveland Mafia was usurped in 1926 by his underboss, Salvatore "Black Sam" Todaro, while Lonardo was out of the country. When Lonardo returned to Cleveland, he attempted to regain control but was murdered. His death sparked Cleveland's Corn Sugar War.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Joseph Lonardo was born October 20, 1844, in Licata, Sicily, to Angelo and Antonia ( Verdi) Lonardo. He had three brothers: Dominic, Frank, and John. Angelo Porrello operated a sulfur mine near Licata, and the four Lonardos worked alongside Porrello's seven sons in the mine.

paragraph: Joseph Lonardo emigrated to the United States, entering the country on February 4, 1901. He settled in New York City's Little Italy neighborhood, and his three brothers and his sister emigrated to the United States soon thereafter.

paragraph: Lonardo moved to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1905, living on La Grange Avenue in the Hough neighborhood, then at 923 Orange Avenue by 1916, and then a few years later to E. 38th Street in the Central neighborhood. He became a naturalized citizen on August 14, 1914. Lonardo worked in various commission houses at first, then sold fruit for a living, and later opened a confectionery. By the early 1920s, his brothers Frank and John and family friend Salvatore "Black Sam" Todaro were working in the business. Many members of the Porrello family had also emigrated to the U.S. and settled in Cleveland. Among these was Joseph Porrello, who found work in Lonardo's confectionery business. By at least 1924, Lonardo had also partnered with Todaro in opening a grocery store.

paragraph: Section::::Criminal career.

paragraph: Joseph Lonardo and his brothers were originally legitimate businessmen, but they soon branched out into extortion and robbery. Joseph's criminal career began soon after he arrived in Cleveland. He was convicted of aggravated assault in 1906 for stabbing a man, and imprisoned for 22 months in the Ohio State Reformatory. Shortly after his release, he was arrested for (but not charged with) robbery. He was accused of robbery in 1909 but not indicted. He shot and killed a man during an argument in 1916, but a grand jury declined to indict him. Police suspected he was involved in a number of robberies and by 1924 believed he had also committed two murders, but he was never arrested for any of these alleged crimes.

paragraph: Section::::Criminal career.:Rise during early Prohibition.

paragraph: Prohibition began in Ohio on May 27, 1919, and nationally throughout the United States on January 16, 1920. Once stockpiles of alcohol were consumed, the brewing of beer and distillation of liquor at home increased exponentially in Prohibition's the first few years. Although the smuggling of liquor into the country also occurred, it became more common than home brewing and distillation only after 1923.

paragraph: About 1913, a somewhat loosely organized Italian American gang known as the Mayfield Road Mob formed in Cleveland's Little Italy neighborhood. The protection racket was the core business of the Mayfield Road Mob at first. Joseph Lonardo's criminal activities were limited to small-time crimes, but once Prohibition began, he and his brothers began taking over the Mayfield Road Mob and organizing it, turning it into the dominant criminal organization in Cleveland. By 1920, Lonardo was so well-regarded nationally by other organized crime families that Buffalo underboss Angelo Palmeri asked Lonardo to be godfather to his daughter.

paragraph: The start of Prohibition also saw the formation of the Cleveland Syndicate. Formed by Moe Dalitz, Maurice Kleinman, Louis Rothkopf, and Sam Tucker, the Cleveland Syndicate was a group of Jewish mobsters based in Cleveland and Akron who engaged in bootlegging, gambling, and smuggling luxury goods, among other things. The Cleveland Syndicate preferred to give a cut of its profits to mobsters in other criminal organizations, who then did the actual work of bootlegging or running the gambling operations. The Cleveland Syndicate dominated bootlegging in Cleveland during the early days of Prohibition, but swiftly partnered with the Mayfield Road Mob—which did most (but not all) of the bootlegging for Syndicate. The Mayfield Road Mob's bootlegging operation moved large amounts of high-quality liquor from Canada into northeast Ohio and northwest Pennsylvania, generating substantial profits for those involved.

paragraph: Beginning in 1924, Lonardo began a campaign of intimidation and murder to win control of the majority of bootlegging in northeast Ohio. The barriers to entry into the illegal liquor industry were low, which meant that Lonardo could reduce, but not entirely eliminate, the competition. Lonardo relied on several associates in his effort, including Salvatore "Black Sam" Todaro, his top lieutenant; Frank Milano, one of the top leaders in the Mayfield Road Mob; and gangsters John Angersola, Charles Colletti, Lawrence Lupo, and Charles Russo. Salvatore "Sam" Tilocco and Joseph Porrello also became part of the Lonardo crime family, and Porrello rose to a position of some prominence in the organization.

paragraph: Section::::Criminal career.:Sugar baron years: 1925-1926.

paragraph: In 1925, with pre-Prohibition stockpiles of alcohol exhausted, corn whiskey—which had been manufactured on a small scale—became the illegal liquor of choice in northeast Ohio.

paragraph: Corn sugar was the key to the manufacture of corn whiskey. Corn whiskey was usually made with cornmeal or unground corn mixed with rye as the mash. Corn sugar could not only be substituted for grain as the mash ingredient but also permitted faster production of the final liquor. Control of the corn sugar industry as well as the distribution of illegal liquor was critical to anyone seeking to dominate the illegal liquor industry.

paragraph: Lonardo essentially established a cottage industry in the production of illegal corn whiskey. He and his brothers used their profits from previous criminal activities to invest heavily in corn sugar manufacturing, a completely legal enterprise. They purchased a warehouse located at Woodland Avenue and E. 9th Street. Todaro ran the warehouse, oversaw the bookkeeping, and assisted home brewers in obtaining and setting up stills. Frank Lonardo oversaw the collection of the corn whiskey and its distribution to buyers. Lonardo sold corn sugar sold to home distillers, who in turn sold their corn whiskey to the Mayfield Road Mob. The mob, in turn, sold the alcohol at high prices to local speakeasies. Lonardo offered his corn sugar customers easy credit, which encouraged expansion in home distilling and drove most legitimate corn sugar merchants out of business. The cottage industry system ingeniously dispersed distillation operations so that no single raid by law enforcement could seriously interrupt production. The cottage industry system also created few opportunities for law enforcement aggrandizement. The vast majority of home distillers used by Lonardo were immigrants, and few law enforcement officers wanted the media to depict them breaking into the homes of poor immigrants. By 1925, law enforcement recognized that home distilling had become so widespread it was now an industrial concern.

paragraph: The corn sugar industry generated immense wealth for the Lonardos. Joseph Lonardo's personal profits from the industry were estimated at $5,000 ($ in dollars) a week. He became Cleveland's first "corn sugar baron", and this in turn allowed him to become boss of the Mayfield Road Mob within just a few years. Lonardo then began to use intimidation and murder to force other corn sugar dealers and purchasers of home-distilled liquor out of business. Tactics included hijacking other people's liquor shipments, stealing liquor from warehouses rented by other gangs, or tipping off the police about where liquor was stored or how it was being moved. The Mayfield Road Mob killed so many small-time corn sugar merchants, distillers, and bootleggers that police claimed hit men were charging a flat fee of $25 ($ in dollars) per murder. Lonardo used the same tactics to discourage home distillers from selling liquor directly to speakeasies, and to encourage retailers to sell liquor at the highest possible price. When his better corn sugar customers ran into trouble with the law, Lonardo often donated money for attorneys and bail. As law enforcement improved, the Mayfield Road Mob strengthened its organization and promoted gangsters with stronger personalities and more talent to leadership positions within the mob. Lonardo and his organization also began the widespread bribery of judges, police, and politicians.

paragraph: The Mayfield Road Mob's influence was not limited to Cleveland. In Akron, a large industrial city to the south, Frank Bellini and Michael Corcelli controlled the imported illegal liquor and home distilling operations (but not corn sugar sales). The Akron mob owed its allegiance to Lonardo.

paragraph: Section::::Criminal career.:Boss of the Cleveland crime family.

paragraph: Political economist Dennis M.P. McCarthy suggests that the Cleveland mafia went through three stages: An initial stage, where rival gangs and families contended with one another for power; a second stage, when these gangs sometimes cooperated and sometimes competed; and a third stage, where a powerful boss dominated all the gangs and families and the mafia acted more like a unitary organization. The Mayfield Road Mob under Lonardo, he concludes, is typical of the initial stage. The distinctiveness of the Mayfield Road Mob as a crime family is supported by mafioso Nicola Gentile, who called the group "predominio dei licatesi" (dominated by those from Licata).

paragraph: Lonardo and the Mayfield Road Mob had become so dominant in Cleveland that other mafia families began to take interest in what was happening in the city. Prohibition also encouraged the much more powerful New York City mafia organizations to seek alliances with crime families in other cities to ensure reliable and large supplies of illegal liquor. Among the many friends Lonardo made while living briefly in New York City were several who later became important mafioso, including Nicola "Uncle Cola" Gentile (a powerful mafia figure who played a major role in peacekeeping among crime families and helped create The Commission in 1931) and Salvatore "Toto" D'Aquila. D'Aquila, who was rapidly expanding his influence in New York City and was heavily involved in bootlegging, began supporting Lonardo in his efforts to establish himself as the sole boss in Cleveland. According to Gentile, Lonardo "worshipped" D'Aquila "like a god" and was one of D'Aquila's most avid supporters even though D'Aquila tended to murder any of his associates who grew too rich and powerful.

paragraph: Through his domination of the corn sugar and corn whiskey industries and with the support of the D'Aquila crime family, Sam Todaro, and the Porrello brothers, Lonardo became the first known boss of the Cleveland crime family. Lonardo was generally regarded as an effective boss. He overcame resistance to his criminal activities by maintaining good relationships with people in Little Italy (the area most affected by his bootlegging), helping to resolve their disputes and donating money to those in need. He was also aware of the precarious position he held. He had several bodyguards, including Charles Colletti and Lawrence Lupo, and he was rarely seen in public without at least one of them by his side.

paragraph: Lonardo encountered new problems as boss of the Cleveland crime family. Over time, he came to expect that his word would be obeyed without question and without the need to use force. Many of his competitors, as well as some of his subordinates, felt he was becoming arrogant. Problems with bootlegging also cropped up. The corn whiskey cottage industry system did not emphasize quality, and by the mid-1920s many consumers preferred to purchase high-quality liquor illegally imported from Canada. This hurt the market for corn whiskey, reducing criminal profits. Improvements in law enforcement also made many restive with Lonardo's rule. Lonardo demanded a percentage of the profits from the sale of corn whiskey, but appeared to take little risk. As more and more home distillers were jailed, the number of people willing to brew corn whiskey fell (further reducing income). Some distillers attempted to deceive the mob, selling liquor on the side; many of these individuals were murdered. Some sellers of corn whiskey lied about the amount of whiskey they were selling or the amount of profits they were making, depriving Lonardo and the Mayfield Road Mob of revenue. Many of these people were also killed. More and more distillers and distributors of corn whiskey were joining a new Italian American gang run by the Porrellos that had formed near the intersection of Woodland Avenue and E. 55th Street.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Changes in support.

paragraph: In New York City in the early 1920s, Giuseppe "Joe the Boss" Masseria was contending with D'Aquila for control of organized crime. Masseria began backing challenges to D'Aquila-supported crime families across the country, most notably in Cleveland. Much of Masseria's extended family lived in Cleveland and his brother was involved in the Mayfield Road Mob, so his interest in the city is not surprising.

paragraph: In 1924, Joseph Porrello and his six brothers pooled their money and began selling corn sugar as well. By 1926, they had purchased several homes and warehouses at the intersection of Woodland Avenue and E. 110th Street, and become wealthy selling corn sugar to distillers. The Porrellos were the only significant corn sugar suppliers other than Lonardo, who had intimidated or eliminated nearly all other competitors. Lonardo tolerated their operation only because the Porrellos were lifelong friends.

paragraph: Salvatore Todaro, too, was unhappy with Lonardo's rule. Despite largely managing the Lonardo corn sugar business, he had gained little wealth.

paragraph: The relationship between Lonardo and the Porrellos worsened in 1927. Law enforcement officials had identified a Porrello-owned barber shop at 10902 Woodland Avenue as a front for the sale of large orders of corn whiskey and, following a sting in early 1927, Raymond Porrello was arrested. He was convicted of various violations of liquor laws and for threatening a law enforcement officer and sentenced to jail. Joseph Porrello allegedly tried to bribe officials to win Raymond's release, and failed. He then asked Lonardo for help. Lonardo agreed to use his political influence, although Porrello had to pay him $5,000 ($ in dollars).

paragraph: After secretly visiting Sicily in April 1926, Lonardo left openly for Sicily in April 1927 for five months to visit his mother. He either took no action or failed to win Raymond Porrello's release before he left. John Lonardo served as caretaker of Joseph's businesses while Joseph was in Sicily. John had little temperament for business and lacked good judgment, and a leadership vacuum emerged in the Mayfield Road Mob. As soon as Joseph Lonardo left for Sicily, the Porrellos began offering home distillers corn sugar at $2.19 a pound ($ in dollars), much less than the $3.50 a pound ($ in dollars) Lonardo charged. Lonardo's influence with local politicians and police evaporated, and law enforcement raids on home brewers loyal to the Lonardos increased significantly. A Porrello subordinate, Mike Chiapetta, began swiftly building a home brewing network loyal to the Porrellos. Just a few weeks after Lonardo's departure, the Porrellos had taken control of more than half of Lonardo's corn sugar and corn whiskey business.

paragraph: Joseph Lonardo returned to Cleveland in August 1927, and worked hard to put his business back in order. He correctly surmised that Salvatore Todaro had conspired with the Porrellos to undermine his business, and ejected him from the Mayfield Road Mob. Lonardo then ordered Lawrence Lupo to kill Todaro, ostensibly for abusing a Jew who worked for the mafia. Nicola Gentile says that Joseph Biondo and Paolino Palmieri members of the Buffalo crime family, tried to convince Lonardo to rescind the death sentence, but he refused. Gentile finally told Lonardo that if Todaro was murdered without good reason, Gentile would leave Cleveland and never return. The seriousness of Gentile's announcement impressed Lonardo, who rescinded the assassination order the next day. Historian Rick Porrello says Todaro was lucky not to have been killed.

paragraph: Todaro allied with the Porrellos, where he became suddenly wealthy. Lonardo was allegedly enraged that Todaro refused to acknowledge that he owed his station in life to Lonardo—not the Porrellos. Lonardo, however, was not eager to start a gang war. He met several times with the Porrellos to discuss what was happening, allegedly seeking a merger of the two gangs and their bootleg operations.

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Yorkell and Brownstein murders.

paragraph: In September 1927, Ernest J. Yorkell (about 30 years old) and Jack Brownstein (about 25 years old) came to Cleveland. The muscular, plain-looking, shabbily-dressed Yorkell had once been a sideshow strongman. He was heavily tattooed and nicknamed "Young Hercules" and "Little Hercules". The handsome, well-dressed, tall Brownstein had been a small-time robber and thief specializing in jewelry. Almost nothing was known about how the two met and or where they had operated, except that they had engaged in blackmail in Buffalo, New York, before moving to Cleveland.

paragraph: After their arrival in Cleveland, Yorkell and Brownstein spent time in local gambling dens, speakeasies, and other places where criminal activity took place. They paid attention to local gossip, learned who the wealthy criminals were, and then attempted to blackmail these gangsters. They allegedly never asked for much money, and never blackmailed a victim twice. On October 7, 1927, Yorkell and Brownstein told witnesses that they intended to hit up a very wealthy local crime boss for $5,000 ($ in dollars). They did not mention the name of their intended victim, but local newspapers and historians widely believe that they wanted to blackmail Joseph Lonardo.

paragraph: Yorkell and Brownstein's bullet-riddled bodies were found in the early hours of October 8, 1927, at the intersection of East Blvd. (now Martin Luther King Jr. Drive) and North Park Blvd. in Cleveland Heights, less than from Joseph Lonardo's home and within view of the homes of a number of millionaires. Lonardo was widely believed to have ordered their deaths.

paragraph: Lonardo bodyguards Lawrence Lupo and Charles Colletti were arrested for suspicion in involvement in the Yorkell-Brownstein murders (although both were released in late October).

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Death at the Porrello barber shop.

paragraph: Giuseppe "Joe the Boss" Masseria encouraged Salvatore "Black Sam" Todaro to murder Joseph Lonardo and take over the Cleveland crime family in order to embarrass Salvatore D'Aquila. Todaro likely ordered the murder of Joseph Lonardo, and most likely arranged the meeting at which Lonardo was killed.

paragraph: Lonardo suspected that his life was in danger. After his return from Sicily, he never entertained at home and rarely ventured out at night. His bodyguards Lupo and Colletti were constantly with him during the day as he conducted his business, but Lonardo was deprived of their services after their arrest in the Yorkell-Brownstein murders.

paragraph: In the early evening of October 13, 1927, someone telephoned Joseph Lonardo and asked him to come to the barber shop owned by Ottavio Porrello at 10902 Woodland Avenue. The caller was never identified, although it appears to have been someone Lonardo trusted. Joseph and John Lonardo arrived at the barber shop without any bodyguards (which was highly unusual) about 8:15 PM and proceeded into the back room, which was used for playing cards. A few minutes later, two men entered the card room from the barber shop. The two men then opened fire. Angelo Porrello, who was in the card room, claims he did not know who the men were and survived only by hiding under the card table. Joseph Lonardo was killed instantly. Two bullets entered his skull near his left eye, three bullets entered his left shoulder and upper left arm, and two bullets entered his right side. John Lonardo was shot in the left leg and stomach. The two gunmen fled out the front door of the barber shop and onto Woodland Avenue. John Lonardo followed them. One of the gunmen stopped in front of Anthony Caruso's butcher shop at 10906 Woodland. When John Lonardo reached him, the gunman hit Lonardo between the eyes with the butt of his pistol. John Lonardo fell unconscious, and bled to death on the sidewalk.

paragraph: Police found Joseph Lonardo's will on his body, which led them to suspect that Lonardo knew he was being targeted for death.

paragraph: Joseph and John Lonardo were buried on October 18, 1927. A wake was held at John Lonardo's home at 3269 Warrington Road in Shaker Heights. Several hundred mourners, many from out of town, attended the wake. A procession of about 500 cars followed the hearse to St. Anthony's Catholic Church on E. 13th Street and Carnegie Avenue. John and Joseph Lonardo were both buried in silver caskets at Calvary Cemetery in Cleveland.

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Aftermath.

paragraph: Lonardo's death ignited what the press called the "Corn Sugar War", a series of power-grabs and retaliatory blood feuds that left another Lonardo and seven Porrellos dead before it ended. Police in 1927 believed Lonardo's death was only one in a series of five murders recently committed in the city. The name of the conflict is a misnomer, since control over Cleveland's corn sugar industry had ended (not begun) with Lonardo's death.

paragraph: Lawrence Lupo attempted to gain control over Mayfield Road Mob and the Lonardo corn sugar and corn whiskey empire after Joseph Lonardo's death but was murdered on May 31, 1928. Salvatore "Black Sam" Todaro is widely believed to have taken over Lonardo's criminal enterprises, becoming the second boss of the Cleveland crime family.

paragraph: Todaro was murdered in front of Ottavio Porrello's barber shop on June 11, 1929, by Angelo Lonardo (Joseph Lonardo's son) and Dominic Sospirato (Joseph Lonardo's nephew). Joseph Porrello then took over as boss of the Cleveland crime family.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Joseph Lonardo was nicknamed "Big Joe" because at in height and in weight he was taller and heavier than almost all his peers. For much of his adult life, Lonardo suffered from an unidentified disease in his right eye. At one point in the mid-1920s, he traveled to Boston, Massachusetts, to have surgery on the eye, recuperating afterward at a Massachusetts beach resort. The surgery proved ineffective in the long run, and by the end of his life Lonardo was blind in his right eye.

paragraph: Once he achieved wealth, Lonardo became well known for being a flashy dresser. He wore expensive tailored suits, closed the cuffs with diamond-studded cufflinks, used a diamond-encrusted tie pin, and wore several diamond rings.

paragraph: About 1925, Lonardo commissioned local architect J. L. Cameron to design a home for him in Cleveland's Buckeye–Shaker neighborhood. The home, located at 13700 Larchmere Blvd., cost $70,000 to $75,000 ($ to $ in dollars).

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Wives, children, and mistresses.

paragraph: Joseph Lonardo's common-law wife was Concetta Paragone. She was born in Licata about 1888. Sources differ as to how they became a couple. Some sources say Concetta accompanied Joseph to the United States in 1901. Concetta herself later claimed that she and Lonardo had lived together as man and wife since 1902 (although they never had a civil or religious ceremony). Other sources say that Concetta married a fellow Licatan (either in Sicily or in the United States), and she had three children by him. They were living in Cleveland when Concetta left him in 1906 for Joseph Lonardo. All sources agree that the Lonardos had five children: Angelo (b. 1911), Antoinette (b. circa 1914), Frank (b. circa 1917), Dominic (b. circa 1921), and Helen (also known as Ella; b. circa 1922). Angelo "Big Ange" Lonardo was later underboss of the Cleveland crime family from 1976 to 1983. Joseph and Concetta Lonardo separated about 1925, and Concetta died on January 24, 1943, in East Cleveland.

paragraph: On September 8, 1925, Lonardo married 29-year-old Fannie (or Fanny) Lanzone in Sandusky, Ohio. They immediately began living together. Fannie had been widowed only 19 days earlier: Her husband, Angelo Lanzone, attacked her and her 15-year-old daughter, Angelina, with a hatchet. They survived the attack only when Fannie's mother, Frances Damanta, shot and killed Angelo. Fannie claimed that she married Lonardo only after he threatened to kill her if she did not. Their relationship apparently did not last; by the fall of 1927, Fannie was living in St. Louis, Missouri.

paragraph: Constantina Bullone (also known as Concettina Bulone) was Lonardo's mistress. Lonardo met her while in Sicily in 1926 and began an affair with the married woman. He convinced her to come to the United States with him, and she agreed. She lived in Cleveland in a lavishly furnished apartment Lonardo rented on her behalf. She was 24 years old in November 1927 when U.S. officials deported her back to Italy.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Wealth.

paragraph: Joseph Lonardo deeded most of his property to his heirs several months before his death.

paragraph: The worth of the remainder of Lonardo's estate was assessed at about $2 million ($ in dollars) by the probate court. Concetta Lonardo was named administrator of the estate, and Lonardo's will distributed most of his remaining wealth and property to her and his five children.

paragraph: Fannie Lanzone Lonardo sued to overturn the will, claiming that her 1925 civil marriage to Joseph Lonardo legally superseded Lonardo's common-law marriage to Concetta. The lawsuit tied up much of the estate, leaving Concetta Lonardo somewhat impoverished. By June 1929, her car had been legally repossessed, and her personal finances were so tight that she had to appeal to Salvatore Todaro for monetary assistance. By March 1930, the probate court had resolved the lawsuit in Concetta Lonardo's favor, although Fannie Lonardo appealed the court's decision. Joseph Metzel was appointed a guardian of the estate while the appeal was heard, and former Cleveland police detective Phil Mooney was appointed a guardian for Lonardo's minor-aged children. The value of the estate dwindled to just $149,000 ($ in dollars) by spring 1930, largely due to legal fees incurred by Concetta Lonardo as she defended herself against murder charges in the death of Salvatore Todaro and by Angelo Lonardo as he fought a concealed weapons charge. Fannie Lonardo's suit was finally dismissed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit in 1932.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Citations

description: Mobster

wikidata_label: Joseph Lonardo

wikipedia_title: Joseph Lonardo


text:
Kingdom of Jerusalem
bailli
constable
Walter of Montbéliard
Cyprus
Eschiva of Saint Omer
Principality of Galilee
John of Brienne
Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick II
Richard Filangieri
Hermann von Salza
Sixth Crusade
Acre
John of Ibelin
John of Caesarea
Balian of Sidon
Pope Gregory IX
Theobald I of Navarre
Crusade of 1239-1240
sultan of Damascus
Galilee
Prince of Galilee
Tiberias
Khwarezmians
Ayyubid
al-Salih Ayyub

categories: Christians of the Crusades,Christians of the Barons' Crusade

paragraph: Odo of Montbéliard

paragraph: Odo of Montbéliard (also known as Eudes) was a leading baron of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the early 13th century. He often held the highest offices in the kingdom including "bailli" (viceroy) and constable (commander of the army).

paragraph: Odo was the son or nephew of Walter of Montbéliard who was a regent of the kingdoms of Jerusalem and Cyprus. Odo's wife Eschiva of Saint Omer was the heiress of the Principality of Galilee.

paragraph: In 1220 Odo was appointed constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem by the king John of Brienne. In 1223 Odo was appointed as "bailli" of the kingdom. However in 1227 the Holy Roman Emperor and king of Jerusalem Frederick II sent out Thomas of Aquino to replace Odo. The following year Odo was appointed as one of the three commanders of Frederick's Crusade along with Richard Filangieri and Hermann von Salza.

paragraph: At the end of the Sixth Crusade, just before Frederick left Acre (1229) to return to Europe, he appointed Odo as constable. Then while Frederick was on his way to the harbour he was pelted with dung and entrails by the unappreciative people of Acre. Odo and John of Ibelin quelled the unrest.

paragraph: In 1233 Odo was caught up in the disaffection at Frederick's decision to appoint Philip of Maugastel as "bailli"; an appointment which Odo was prepared to support. A furious mob attacked supporters of Philip and it was only the intervention of John of Caesarea that saved Odo from being killed. Odo and Balian of Sidon shared the role of "bailli" in 1236 against the wishes of Pope Gregory IX whose choice of Richard Filangieri was unacceptable to the barons.

paragraph: Odo took part in Theobald I of Navarre's Crusade of 1239-1240 but there were tensions between Theobald and local barons including Odo. However, the treaty between Theobald and the sultan of Damascus in 1240 gave Galilee back to the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and as Odo of Montbéliard was titular Prince of Galilee (by right of his marriage to Eschiva of Saint-Omer), he now took up the rule of Galilee.

paragraph: Tiberias, the capital of Galilee, was sacked by the Khwarezmians in 1244, after which Odo began rebuilding the citadel. But in 1247 the city of Tiberias and Odo's Principality of Galilee were lost to the armies of the Ayyubid sultan al-Salih Ayyub. Odo died later that year.

wikidata_label: Odo of Montbéliard

wikipedia_title: Odo of Montbéliard


text: Count

text: Adolf II of the Marck

text: Adolf III of the Marck

text: Dietrich VIII

text: Reginald I of Guelders

text: Adolf II of the Marck

text: County of Cleves

text: John

text: Engelbert III

text: Adolf III

text: Reginald III of Guelders

text: Engelbert III

text: William V, Duke of Jülich

text: Vianden

text: Adolf III

text: Cologne

text: Liège

text: John I, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg

text: History of Cleves

text: Genealogical tables

text: Etwas zur History of the Marck

categories: 14th-century German people,14th-century deaths,1310s births,Year of birth unknown,Year of death uncertain,Countesses of Mark

paragraph: Margaret of Cleves, Countess of the Marck

paragraph: Margaret of Cleves, also spelled "Margaretha" or "Margarethe" ( – after 1348) was the wife of Count Adolf II of the Marck and mother of Adolf III of the Marck. She was a daughter of Count Dietrich VIII of Cleves and Margaret of Guelders, who was a daughter of Reginald I of Guelders.

paragraph: On 15 March 1332, she married Count Adolf II of the Marck. In 1333, her father issued an inheritance law, which said that after his death, the County of Cleves should fall to Margaret and her sisters Elisabeth and Maria. His younger brother John objected, and in 1338, this law was repealed.

paragraph: Adolf II, Margaret's husband, died in 1346, before her father died. Her eldest son, Engelbert III succeeded as Count of the Marck. After her father, Count Dietrich VIII of Cleves, died on 7 July 1347, Margaret and her sons Engelbert III and Adolf III tried to secure the Cleves territory. Initisally, they were supported by her cousin, Reginald III of Guelders. Nevertheless, her uncle, Count John, prevailed.

paragraph: John died in 1368. After his death, the Count of the Marck could finally assert their right to inherit Cleves. Adolf succeeded as Count, her third son Dietrich received most of the holdings on the right bank of the Rhine.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: Adolph and Margaret of Cleves had seven children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Engelbert III (28 Feb 1333-Wetter 22 Dec 1391), married:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. in 1354 to Richardis of Jülich (d. 1360), a daughter of William V, Duke of Jülich

paragraph: BULLET::::2. in 1381 Elisabeth of Sponheim-Sayn (d. 1416), a daughter of Count Simon III of Vianden

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adolf III (1334 - 7 Sep 1394, Cleves), Archbishop of Cologne 1363-1364, later Count of Cleves and Count of the Marck

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dietrich (1336-25 May 1406), bishop of Liège 1389, from which post he later resigned.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eberhard (1341-after 1360), priest at Münster.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margareta (-12 Sep 1409), married John I, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mechtild (-after 18 Oct 1390), married Eberhard of Isenburg-Grenzau.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elisabeth, married Gumprecht of Heppendorf.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Entry for Margaret at genealogie-mittelalter.de

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Cleves

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogical tables

paragraph: BULLET::::- Etwas zur History of the Marck

description: Wife of Count Adolf II of the Marck


text:
Rotterdam
The Hague
Dutch Golden Age
Jan van Gool
RKD
Frans Beeldemaker
Kadriorg Palace
Art Museum of Estonia
Tallinn
Estonia
Adriaen Cornelisz. Beeldemaker
Artnet

categories: Dutch Golden Age painters,1618 births,1709 deaths,Dutch male painters

paragraph: Adriaen Cornelisz Beeldemaker

paragraph: Adriaen Cornelisz. Beeldemaker (1618, Rotterdam – 1709, The Hague), was a Dutch Golden Age painter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: According to Jan van Gool he specialized in painting scenes of deer and boar hunts. His paintings were popular, probably because he asked modest prices for them. He had many pupils and many children; two of his sons later became painters.

paragraph: According to The Netherlands Institute for Art History (Dutch: Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie or RKD), he was also known as Johannes, and became the father of the painters Cornelis and Frans Beeldemaker. He worked in Leiden and Dordrecht.

paragraph: Examples of his work are represented at Kadriorg Palace, (part of the Art Museum of Estonia) in Tallinn, Estonia.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adriaen Cornelisz. Beeldemaker on Artnet

alias:
Adriaen Cornelisz. Bieldemaker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Beldemaker
Adrian Cornelius Beeldemaker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Bocogmaker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Van Beelde
Adriaen Cornelisz. Beeldemacker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Beildemacker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Beeldewacker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Beldemaeker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Bildemaker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Beeldemaaker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Beeldermaker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Bildemaeker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Bueldemaker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Beeldemaeker
Adriaen-Cornelisz Beeldmaker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Bieldmaker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Beeldenmaker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Beeldemaker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Buldemaker
Adriaen Cornelisz. Beeldenmaaker
adrian cornelio beeldemaker
Bocogmaker
Beelde
Beldemaacker
Bildemaker
Beltmaker
Beyldemacker
Buldemaker
Adrian Cornelis Beeldemaker
Jean Beeldemaecker
Beildemacker
Beeldemaler
Beeldenmaaker
adriaen c. beeldemaker
Beeldewacker
Beeldermaker
Bueldemaker
Beeldemaeker
jan beeldemaker
Beeldemaker
Beelmaker
Bieldmaker
Beldemaker
Beel de Maker
a. c. beeldemaker
Beldemacher
Beldenmacker
Bildemaeker
Beldemacker
Bildemacker
A. Beeldemaker
Baeldemaker
Adrian Cornelisz Beeldemaker
A. Cornelisz. Beeldemaker
Beeldenmaker
Bieldemaker
Beeldemaaker
A. Cornelis Beeldemaker
adrian c. beeldemaker
Beeldemacker
Beeldemaecker
J. Beeldemaker
Beldemaeker
J. Beeldemaaker
Beltemaaker
Beeldmaker
Van Beelde
Adriaen Beeldemaker

description: Dutch Golden Age painter

wikidata_label: Adriaen Cornelisz Beeldemaker

wikipedia_title: Adriaen Cornelisz Beeldemaker


text:
French
Roman Catholic
cardinal
Albret
Kingdom of France
Alain I of Albret
Frances, Countess of Périgord
Jean
Catherine of Navarre
Louis d'Albret
protonotary apostolic
Archimandrite
San Rufo
apostolic administrator
see of Comminges
cathedral chapter
Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges Cathedral
Pope Alexander VI
cardinal deacon
consistory
red hat
deaconry
San Nicola in Carcere
see of Oloron
see of Pamiers
Giuliano della Rovere
Savona
papal conclave of September 1503
Pope Pius III
papal conclave of October 1503
Pope Julius II
Rome
see of Vannes
see of Bazas
see of Lescar
see of Pamplona
Pisa
excommunication
papal conclave of 1513
Pope Leo X
Guillaume Briçonnet
René de Prie
see of Pamiers
cardinal protodeacon
Casteljaloux

paragraph: Amanieu d'Albret

paragraph: Amanieu d'Albret (1478 - 1520) (called the Cardinal d'Albret) was a French Roman Catholic cardinal.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Amanieu d'Albret was born in the Kingdom of France ca. 1478, the son of Alain I of Albret, and Frances, Countess of Périgord. His older brother Jean married Catherine of Navarre. His uncle Louis d'Albret was also a cardinal. He had three illegitimate children, one son and two daughters.

paragraph: Early in his career, he became a protonotary apostolic. He was also Archimandrite of San Rufo.

paragraph: On July 19, 1499, he became apostolic administrator of the see of Comminges, but on January 1, 1502, the cathedral chapter of Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges Cathedral chose another candidate as bishop.

paragraph: Pope Alexander VI made him a cardinal deacon in the consistory of March 20, 1500. The pope sent him the red hat on October 2, 1500, and he received the deaconry of San Nicola in Carcere on October 5, 1500.

paragraph: From May 4 to October 10, 1500, he was administrator of the see of Oloron. He was administrator of the see of Pamiers from March 14, 1502 until 1506.

paragraph: After Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere sought refuge in Savona, Cardinal d'Albret was secretly despatched on June 21, 1502, to bring him back, but failed in this mission.

paragraph: He participated in both the papal conclave of September 1503 that elected Pope Pius III. and the papal conclave of October 1503 that elected Pope Julius II. After this second conclave he had to leave Rome.

paragraph: He was administrator of the see of Vannes from January 8 to October 14, 1504; of the see of Bazas from December 4, 1504 until his death; of the see of Lescar from October 6, 1507 until June 20, 1515; and of the see of Pamplona from May 13, 1510 until 1512, and again from 1517 until his death.

paragraph: He participated in the plot of cardinals against Pope Julius II. In 1511, he attended the schismatic Council of Pisa even after the pope threatened him with excommunication. There, he was a strong supporter of the French party.

paragraph: After the death of Julius II, he participated in the papal conclave of 1513 that elected Pope Leo X. The new pope absolved Cardinal d'Albret (along with Cardinals Guillaume Briçonnet and René de Prie) and confirmed him in his offices. He also served as administrator of the see of Pamiers from 1514 until his death. He became the cardinal protodeacon on September 3, 1520.

paragraph: He died in Casteljaloux on December 20, 1520. He is buried in Casteljaloux.

description: French Roman Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Amanieu d'Albret

wikipedia_title: Amanieu d'Albret


text: Spanish

text: Roman Catholic

text: bishop

text: cardinal

text: Alzira, Valencia

text: Pope Alexander VI

text: doctor of both laws

text: Rome

text: preceptor

text: Cesare Borgia

text: vicar

text: Valencia

text: Archbishop of Salerno

text: cardinal priest

text: consistory

text: red hat

text: titular church

text: Santa Balbina

text: papal legate

text: Kingdom of Aragon

text: Kingdom of Castile

text: Kingdom of Portugal

text: Kingdom of France

text: Kingdom of England

text: Ottoman Empire

text: March of Ancona

text: canon

text: Burgos Cathedral

text: papal conclave of September 1503

text: Pope Pius III

text: papal conclave of October 1503

text: Pope Julius II

text: prior

text: cathedral church

text: Leiria

text: pastor

text: Zaragoza

text: Piceno

text: Emilia

text: Basilica di Sant'Agostino

paragraph: Juan de Vera

paragraph: Juan de Vera (1453–1507) (called the Cardinal of Salerno) was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Juan de Vera was born in the castle at Alzira, Valencia. He was a relative of Pope Alexander VI. Juan de Vera was a doctor of both laws.

paragraph: After completing his education, he moved to Rome and entered the service of Cardinal Roderic Llançol i de Borja (the future Pope Alexander VI). There, he was preceptor of the cardinal's son, Cesare Borgia. He later served as the cardinal's vicar in Valencia.

paragraph: On July 10, 1500, he was elected Archbishop of Salerno.

paragraph: Pope Alexander VI made him a cardinal priest in the consistory of September 28, 1500. He received the red hat on October 2, 1500 and the titular church of Santa Balbina on October 5, 1500. In the consistory of October 5, 1500, he was named papal legate to the Kingdom of Aragon, the Kingdom of Castile, the Kingdom of Portugal, the Kingdom of France, and the Kingdom of England, in order to promote a crusade against the Ottoman Empire. From 1501, he was also legate to the March of Ancona. He returned to Rome on November 13, 1501. He was made a canon of Burgos Cathedral in 1503.

paragraph: He participated in both the papal conclave of September 1503 that elected Pope Pius III and the papal conclave of October 1503 that elected Pope Julius II.

paragraph: He was Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals from 1504 to 1505. On August 7, 1504, he became prior of the cathedral church of "San Pedro de Fraga" in Leiria and pastor of Badieles, Zaragoza. He served as governor of Piceno and of Emilia.

paragraph: He died in Rome on May 4, 1507. He is buried in the Basilica di Sant'Agostino.

description: Spanish cardinal

wikidata_label: Juan de Vera

wikipedia_title: Juan de Vera


text: It.

text: Italian

text: Roman Catholic

text: bishop

text: cardinal

text: Milan

text: patricians

text: Teodoro Trivulzio

text: Agostino Trivulzio

text: doctorate

text: law

text: Canons Regular

text: ordained

text: priest

text: privy council

text: Gian Galeazzo Sforza

text: Duke of Milan

text: ambassador

text: Duchy of Milan

text: Parma

text: Rome

text: protonotary apostolic

text: Auditor

text: Roman Rota

text: Bishop of Como

text: Republic of Venice

text: Ludovico Sforza

text: regents of Milan

text: dean

text: cathedral chapter

text: St. Donatian's Cathedral

text: Bruges

text: Italian Wars

text: Louis XII of France

text: Pope Alexander VI

text: cardinal priest

text: consistory

text: red hat

text: titular church

text: Basilica di Sant'Anastasia al Palatino

text: Senate

text: papal conclave of September 1503

text: Pope Pius III

text: papal conclave of October 1503

text: Pope Julius II

text: Santo Stefano Rotondo

text: Santa Maria del Popolo

paragraph: Antonio Trivulzio, seniore

paragraph: Antonio Trivulzio the Elder (It.: "Antonio Trivulzio, seniore") (1457–1508) (called the Cardinal of Como) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Antonio Trivulzio, "seniore", was born in Milan on January 18, 1457, the son of Milanese patricians Pietro Trivulzio and Laura Bossi. He was the brother of Teodoro Trivulzio, marshal of France, and the uncle of Cardinal Agostino Trivulzio.

paragraph: After obtaining a doctorate in law, he joined the Canons Regular at Sant'Antonio in Milan. He was ordained as a priest around this time. He went on to become the master of the Augustinian house of Sant'Antonio in Milan.

paragraph: He also served on the privy council of Gian Galeazzo Sforza, Duke of Milan. In 1477, he served as the ambassador of the Duchy of Milan to Parma and in 1483, as its ambassador in Rome. Settling in Rome, he became first a protonotary apostolic and then an Auditor of the Roman Rota.

paragraph: On August 27, 1487, he was elected Bishop of Como; he subsequently held this office until his death.

paragraph: In 1495, he served as Milan's ambassador to the Republic of Venice. In 1499, following the downfall of Ludovico Sforza, he became one of the regents of Milan. Sometime between 1499 and 1502, he became dean of the cathedral chapter of St. Donatian's Cathedral in Bruges.

paragraph: During the Italian Wars, he allied himself with Louis XII of France. At Louis' request, Pope Alexander VI made him a cardinal priest in the consistory of September 28, 1500. He received the red hat on October 2, 1500, and the titular church of the Basilica di Sant'Anastasia al Palatino on October 5, 1500. He also became a member of the Senate of Milan in 1500.

paragraph: He was Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals from 1505 to 1506. On December 1, 1505, he opted for the titular church of Santo Stefano Rotondo.

paragraph: He died in Rome on March 18, 1508. He is buried in Santa Maria del Popolo.

description: Roman Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Antonio Trivulzio, seniore

wikipedia_title: Antonio Trivulzio, seniore


text:
American football
cornerback
college football
Houston
Oakland Raiders
2005 NFL Draft
Kansas City Chiefs
Houston Texans
John B. Connally High School
Austin, Texas
football
track
All-America
200 meter dash
4 × 400 metres relay
University of Houston
football
Conference USA
NFL Scouting Combine
40-yard dash
Chris Johnson
Oakland Raiders
2005 NFL Draft
2007 season
cornerback
Nnamdi Asomugha
2010
restricted free agent
2011 season
Kansas City Chiefs
Oakland Raiders bio

categories: Kansas City Chiefs players,Houston Cougars football players,Oakland Raiders players,1983 births,Players of American football from Texas,American football cornerbacks,Sportspeople from Austin, Texas,Living people

paragraph: Stanford Routt

paragraph: Stanford Bermond Routt (born July 26, 1983) is a former American football cornerback. After playing college football for Houston, he was drafted by the Oakland Raiders in the second round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He played for the Raiders for seven seasons from 2005 to 2011. He also played for the Kansas City Chiefs and Houston Texans.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Routt attended John B. Connally High School in Austin, Texas, and was a two-sport standout in both football and track. In track, he was a unanimous All-District selection, as well as an All-America selection, and was also a state qualifier in both the 200 meter dash and the 4 × 400 metres relay team. As a junior, he ran the ninth-fastest 200-meter dash in the nation.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: At the University of Houston, Routt excelled in indoor track and outdoor track as well as football. Routt eventually returned to University of Houston where he earned his Bachelor of Science degree in kinesiology with a concentration in sports administration in 2011.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Track and field.

paragraph: Stanford Routt earned NCAA Outdoor All-America honors after placing third in the 200 meters at the 2003 NCAA Outdoor Track Meet. Routt was named the Indoor Track Athlete of the Year by Conference USA in 2004 after winning the 60-meter and 200-meter dashes. Those wins eventually qualified Routt to compete in the 60-meter and 200-meter dashes at the NCAA Indoor Championship. Routt is a two-time champion in the 200 meters at the NCAA Midwest Regional Championships.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2005 NFL Draft.

paragraph: At the 2005 NFL Scouting Combine, Routt ran the fastest 40-yard dash at a time of 4.27 seconds, the fastest time since the NFL used electronic timing. His record was broken by running back Chris Johnson with a time of 4.24 seconds in 2008.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Oakland Raiders.

paragraph: Routt was drafted by the Oakland Raiders in the second round (38th overall) of the 2005 NFL Draft.

paragraph: After limited action the first two weeks of the 2007 season due to a knee injury, Routt started the remainder of the season as the second cornerback alongside Nnamdi Asomugha.

paragraph: Routt re-entered the starting lineup in 2010 after being tendered at the highest level (1st and 3rd round level) by the Raiders as a restricted free agent in the offseason. He had his best statistical year to date with 55 tackles, one tackle-for-loss, 15 pass deflections, one forced fumble, two interceptions, and one touchdown. In week 17, Routt recorded his second interception on the season for his first career touchdown. He had the second-lowest "burn rate" of all cornerbacks in 2010, with only 39.4% of passes completed that were thrown to receivers he covered.

paragraph: The Raiders re-signed Routt to a three-year, $31.5 million contract on February 24, 2011, to remain in Oakland. The contract included a guaranteed $20 million over the first two years. Routt agreed to restructure his contract to aid the team's salary cap on August 4.

paragraph: Following the 2011 season in which Routt started 15 games and recorded four interceptions, the Raiders released him on February 9, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Kansas City Chiefs.

paragraph: Routt signed a three-year, $19.6 million contract with the Kansas City Chiefs on February 20, 2012. On November 5, 2012, Routt was released by the Chiefs.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Houston Texans.

paragraph: On December 4, 2012, Routt had a workout with the Houston Texans. Routt signed with the team on the same day.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:NFL statistics.

paragraph: Key

paragraph: BULLET::::- GP: games played

paragraph: BULLET::::- COMB: combined tackles

paragraph: BULLET::::- TOTAL: total tackles

paragraph: BULLET::::- AST: assisted tackles

paragraph: BULLET::::- SACK: sacks

paragraph: BULLET::::- FF: forced fumbles

paragraph: BULLET::::- FR: fumble recoveries

paragraph: BULLET::::- FR YDS: fumble return yards

paragraph: BULLET::::- INT: interceptions

paragraph: BULLET::::- IR YDS: interception return yards

paragraph: BULLET::::- AVG IR: average interception return

paragraph: BULLET::::- LNG: longest interception return

paragraph: BULLET::::- TD: interceptions returned for touchdown

paragraph: BULLET::::- PD: passes defensed

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oakland Raiders bio

description: American football cornerback

wikidata_label: Stanford Routt

wikipedia_title: Stanford Routt


text:
Bishop of Comacchio
Cesene
Italy
Pope Clement X
Bishop of Comacchio
Marcello Santacroce
Bishop of Tivoli
Pier Antonio Capobianco
Bishop Emeritus of Lacedonia
Andrea Tamantini
Bishop of Cagli
Leone Strozzi (archbishop)
Bishop of Pistoia e Prato
Raimondo Ferretti
Bishop of Recanati e Loreto

categories: 1714 deaths,18th-century Roman Catholic bishops,17th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Bishops appointed by Pope Clement X,1637 births

paragraph: Nicolò d'Arcano

paragraph: Nicolò d'Arcano (1637 – 1 January 1714) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Comacchio (1670–1714).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Nicolò d'Arcano was born in Cesene, Italy in 1637 and ordained a priest on 9 November 1670.

paragraph: On 22 December 1670, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement X as Bishop of Comacchio. On 4 January 1671, he was consecrated bishop by Marcello Santacroce, Bishop of Tivoli, with Pier Antonio Capobianco, Bishop Emeritus of Lacedonia, and Andrea Tamantini, Bishop of Cagli, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop of Comacchio until his death on 1 January 1714.

paragraph: While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of Leone Strozzi (archbishop), Bishop of Pistoia e Prato (1690); and Raimondo Ferretti, Bishop of Recanati e Loreto (1690).

paragraph: Section::::External links and additional sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (for Chronology of Bishops)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (for Chronology of Bishops)

wikidata_label: Nicolò d'Arcano

wikipedia_title: Nicolò d'Arcano


text:
table tennis
2016 Summer Olympics
Rio de Janeiro
Kandel
Rhineland-Palatinate
Germany
2012 Summer Olympics
2016 Summer Olympics
Rio de Janeiro
Isabelle Härle
Julia Lier
Nadja Pries
Playboy
shakehand grip
Bernadette Szőcs
2016 Summer Olympics
Han Ying
seed
Ri Myong-sun
Fang Bo
World Championships
Bernadette Szocs

categories: Playboy Playmates (2010–2019),German table tennis players,Female table tennis players,Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Table tennis players at the 2016 Summer Olympics,World Table Tennis Championships medalists,1994 births,People from Germersheim (district),Olympic table tennis players of Germany,Olympic medalists in table tennis,Living people,Olympic silver medalists for Germany

paragraph: Petrissa Solja

paragraph: Petrissa Solja (born 11 March 1994) is a German table tennis player. Solja won silver in the team event in the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. She reached her highest world ranking of thirteenth in March 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Solja was born in Kandel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, into a table tennis-playing family; her mother, Dagmar Solja-Andruszko, played table tennis for ATSV Saarbrücken. Petrissa's two older sisters also play table tennis; her sister Amelie competed for Austria in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London (qualifying for Austrian citizenship due to the Solja sisters' grandmother being from Austria).

paragraph: Before the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Solja posed together with swimmer Isabelle Härle, rower Julia Lier, cyclist Nadja Pries and injured pole vaulter Katharina Bauer for the German edition of Playboy.

paragraph: Section::::Table tennis career.

paragraph: Solja is coached by her father, Pavel, and plays left-handed with a shakehand grip.

paragraph: As a junior player, Solja had considerable success. She won the Cadet singles events at the 2008 and 2009 European Youth Championships, beating Bernadette Szőcs and Yana Noskova in the two finals, respectively. Although she lost twice in the Junior singles finals to Bernadette Szőcs in 2011 and 2012, she was the most successful European player at the World Junior Championships in 2012, reaching the semi-finals of the girls' singles, and overall winning three bronze medals.

paragraph: Solja was German young player of the year in 2012.

paragraph: With Sabine Winter, she won the German national doubles championship in 2013 and 2014.

paragraph: At the 2016 Summer Olympics, Solja won a silver medal in the women's team competition after being beaten, alongside partner Han Ying, by the Chinese team by 0 to 3. This result was the best by a European team in the women's team competition at the Olympics, and exceeded expectations given the team's third seed position. Solja lost in the third round of the women's singles to Ri Myong-sun of North Korea.

paragraph: In 2017, Solja, alongside partner Fang Bo, won bronze in the mixed doubles at the World Championships in Düsseldorf, Germany. This was the first World Championship medal in mixed doubles for Germany since 1971. Later in 2017, Solja competed in the inaugural Ultimate Table Tennis League in India.

paragraph: Solja played for German club TTC Berlin Eastside from 2014, before taking a break from table tennis at the end of 2017, and signing for TSV Langstadt in 2018.

paragraph: In 2019, Solja came back from 3 games down to win gold in the ITTF-Europe Top 16 against Bernadette Szocs

description: German table tennis player

wikidata_label: Petrissa Solja

wikipedia_title: Petrissa Solja


text:
James Harlan
California
1849 Gold Rush
England
racehorse
Ulysses S. Grant
state militia
Ohio House of Representatives
Danville, Kentucky
U.S. House of Representatives
John Marshall Harlan
US Supreme Court
Harrodsburg, Kentucky
coonskins
barber
Lexington, Kentucky
Frankfort, Kentucky
Louisville
California
Point Confee, Louisiana
Attakapas
Charles Waldeck
James Landy
Leon Van Loo
Lorillard stables
Richard Ten Broeck
US Civil War
Horace Greeley
John Sherman
Saratoga, New York
1872 Republican National Convention
National Colored Convention
Washington DC
P. B. S. Pinchback
William Nesbitt
Robert B. Elliott
mail agent
John Quincy Smith
Benjamin Butler
Civil Rights Cases
Nashville, Tennessee
John R. Lynch
National Afro-American League
Chicago
T. Thomas Fortune
William McKinley
Hamilton County
Arthur F. Devereux
A. P. Butterfield
segregated schooling
William Copeland
lynching
US Treasury Department
Grover Cleveland
John B. Floyd
Philadelphia

categories: 19th-century African-American activists,American racehorse owners and breeders,1897 deaths,People from Mecklenburg County, Virginia,Members of the Ohio House of Representatives,People from Harrodsburg, Kentucky,African-American state legislators in Ohio,American civil rights activists,Activists from Ohio,Activists for African-American civil rights,Ohio Republicans,1819 births,People of the California Gold Rush,American anti-lynching activists

paragraph: Robert James Harlan

paragraph: Robert James Harlan (December 12, 1816 - September 21, 1897) was a civil rights activist and politician in Cincinnati, Ohio in the 1870s-1890s. He was born a slave but was allowed free movement and employment on the plantation of Kentucky politician James Harlan, who raised him and may have been his father or half-brother. He became interested in horse racing as a young man and moved to California during the 1849 Gold Rush where he was very successful. In 1859 he moved to England to import racehorses from America and race them in England. He returned to the United States in 1869 during reconstruction. He became friends with Ulysses S. Grant and became involved in Republican politics. For the rest of his life, he was involved in city, state, and national African-American civil rights and political movements. In 1870 he became colonel of the Second Ohio Militia Battalion, a black state militia battalion in Cincinnati. In 1886, he became a member of the Ohio House of Representatives.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Birth and move to Kentucky.

paragraph: Robert James Harlan was born on December 12, 1816 probably in Mecklenburg County, Virginia. His father was the slave owner of his mother, Mary Harlan, and himself. His mother was also of mixed-race, and Robert was not easily identifiable as black. Early in his life, perhaps at the age of eight, or three Robert and his mother were sent to Cincinnati. The trip was made on foot, before the advent of railroad connections, and when they reached Danville, Kentucky, they received word that Robert's father had died and they were seized as parts of his property to be sold. Robert was purchased by James Harlan of Danville and his mother was sold South. James Harlan worked in dry goods, and became a lawyer and politician, serving in the U.S. House of Representatives from Kentucky from 1835 to 1839. His son, John Marshall Harlan, born in 1833, served as a US Supreme Court Justice from 1877 to 1911 and was known as the "Great Dissenter" for his support of civil rights against the segregationist majority court. The role of Robert Harlan in John Marshall's ideas is discussed in detail in Gordon (2000). It was then that Robert took the name Harlan.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Birthplace and paternity.

paragraph: It is suggested that Robert's father was his Kentucky master, James Harlan, contradicting the story that his father died during Robert's trip with his mother to Cincinnati. Gordon (2000) traces this theory to a short biography of Robert in "Dictionary of American Negro Biography" by Paul McStallworth published in 1983, which is based on a biography of Robert in the "Cincinnati Union" on December 13, 1934, 37 years after Robert's death and places Robert's birth in Harrodsburg, Kentucky, then home of James Harlan. Newspaper articles during and immediately after Harlan's life as well as biography written about him during his life state that Robert was born in Virginia and James Harlan did not become Robert's master until later. However, Loren Beth proposes in a biography of John Marshall Harlan that if Robert was born in Virginia, it may have been John Marshall Harlan's grandfather, also named James, who fathered Robert.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Education and training.

paragraph: When Robert reached schooling age, James sent him to the village school at Harrodsburg along with his own sons. Robert was special in this regards, while his master was ambivalent about slavery, he did not routinely educate his slaves. A black janitor notified the school that Robert was black, and Robert was discharged from the school, an occurrence which led Robert to joke later in life that he had only "a half a day's schooling." Robert was close to James' older sons, Richard and James, and when the children came home from school, Robert would study the same lessons of the other children, and thus became educated. Robert made money hunting and selling coonskins, and moved to Louisville where he learned to be a barber. At 16, Robert opened a store at Harrodsburg, where the Harlan's had moved in the early 1820s. At 19 he had saved enough money to buy a race horse. From this point, Harlan began racing and gambling on horses throughout the South and Southwest with good success.

paragraph: Although not formally freed, by 1840, Robert moved to Lexington, Kentucky where he appears in records as a "free man of color". That year James Harlan moved to Frankfort, Kentucky to become Kentucky's Secretary of State.

paragraph: Later, he married a woman from Lexington and he sold his shop in Harrodsburg and opened a grocery in Lexington. About the time Reverend John Tibbs was tarred and feathered and run out of Kentucky for his work educating black children, and Harlan decided Lexington was not a safe place to live and he moved to Louisville. In the 1840s, Harlan and his wife had five daughters.

paragraph: Section::::California Gold Rush and move to Cincinnati.

paragraph: Robert's de facto emancipation was illegal and may have become a political liability for his master by the late 1840s. On September 18, 1848, James Harlan went to the Franklin County, Kentucky, Courthouse to free Robert. James continued to hold slaves after that date, with fourteen slaves appearing in his household in the 1850 census. James would die in 1863, but Robert and James' sons continued to be in contact, and James Harlan, Jr. looked to Robert for financial assistance in the 1880s.

paragraph: In 1848 or 1849, Harlan moved to California to seek his fortune. He opened a trading store with $2,000 he had made selling his horses. He was very successful in California, amassing about $50,000 dollars. He then moved to Cincinnati, achieving the goal he and his mother had for themselves many years before. At some point before moving to England, he paid a visit to James Harlan's family in Harrodsburg. James' wife showed Robert a letter James had from Robert's mother which had been written fourteen years earlier at Point Confee, Louisiana. Robert traveled to that place and learned that his mother had been sold back on the Attakapas. He met his mother there and purchased her freedom. However, she was married to the plantation foreman and preferred to stay with her husband rather than return North.

paragraph: Harlan began working as a benefactor for black people in Cincinnati, becoming a trustee of the colored schools there and negotiating with Nicholas Longworth, Esq. for the building of the Eastern District School. He speculated in Cincinnati real estate and earned enough to purchase Bull's First Class Photographic and Daguerreotype Gallery where he employed a number of well known photographers including Charles Waldeck, James Landy, and Leon Van Loo. In 1851, he visited the World's Fair in London. About this time, he was or considered himself technically owned by James Harlan, although he was wealthier than the slave owner and had been freed a few years earlier. Robert returned to Kentucky and paid James $500 for his freedom. In Cincinnati, his fortune continued to grow, but in 1859 Harlan desired to escape the discrimination he felt in America and move to England to race horses.

paragraph: Section::::Horse racing in England.

paragraph: Harlan moved to England with jockies Charley Kyte and Johnnie Ford, who later became a prominent horse trainer. Harlan's trainer was John Minor, whose son had a prominent career in the Lorillard stables. Harlan's thoroughbred race horses in England included the Cincinnati, Ochiltree, Deschiles, Powhattan, and Lincoln. He also brought a Kentucky trotting horse named Jack Rossiter. He stayed in England for ten years, adding more horses to his stable during that time. He was close friends with and adviser to another famous American turfman in England, Richard Ten Broeck. Ten Broeck was the first American to ship a stable of horses to England, and Harlan was the second. Harlan made a number of famous, successful, large wagers in England. Harlan won a $5,000 wager that Jack Rossitter could trot 18, 19, and then 20 miles in an hour, a great feet for a trotting horse in England at that time. Harlan won $40,000 betting on Ten Broeck's horse, Prioress, when she won the Czarowitz stakes at 200 and 100 to 1. When he left America, Harlan invested his money into American securities which at the time would earn him an income of $7,000 per year. However, his investment lost most of their value during the US Civil War which spanned 1861–1865. In 1869, Harlan returned to Cincinnati,

paragraph: Section::::Ohio politics.

paragraph: Section::::Ohio politics.:Second Ohio Militia Battalion.

paragraph: Harlan quickly became an important figure in Cincinnati. In 1870, for the first time, blacks were elected as delegates to the Cincinnati City Republican Convention, and Harlan was among them. Also in 1870, black residents of Cincinnati raised an Ohio militia battalion led by William Travis, Wilson Scott, and Harlan. Harlan feuded with Travis over colonelcy of the battalion, which became known as the Second Battalion Ohio Militia, and gained control of the regiment and the title Colonel in October. The split was not total, as Harlan frequently worked with Travis, for instance Harlan was on the Finance Committee of the Grant Club in 1872, a branch Travis organized to support Grant's presidential campaign.

paragraph: During the 1872 presidential campaign, pro-Grant demonstrators took part in street fights in October against pro-Horace Greeley demonstrators. Weapons from the battalion armory were brought out, but Harlan and other leaders of the battalion were among those who quelled the violence. The Ohio Adjutant-General found that no officers or men from the battalion took part in breaking into the armory or using the guns unlawfully, and the battalion was not punished. Harlan served as colonel for four or five years, and he continued to be referred to with the title Colonel for the rest of his life. Later in life this caused some difficulty, as his military service was not during the Civil War or another war, and it was implied that he had purposely traveled to England to avoid the war and he did not deserve the title. The battalion was disbanded in December 1874 and Harlan was held responsible for guns missing from the armory since the 1872 violence.

paragraph: Section::::Ohio politics.:Republican Party.

paragraph: Sharing a love for horses and a common friend in Ohio congressman John Sherman, he became friends with General and later President Ulysses S. Grant. In 1872, Harlan gave a speech in Saratoga, New York in support of Grant against former Republican now Democrat Horace Greeley, who he felt betrayed blacks in switching allegiances. The speech included a joke about a Parrot which became a regular part of Harlan's speeches. At the State Colored Convention on August 22, 1872, Harlan and another black leader, Peter Clark, were strongly divided over whether black Ohioans should support Republican efforts for civil rights, or if Republican leadership was taking advantage of black support, and Harlan spoke strongly in favor of Republicans. Harlan's support was rewarded, and he was elected a delegate to the 1872 Republican National Convention. In December, Harlan was a prominent delegate at the National Colored Convention in Washington DC led by P. B. S. Pinchback, William Nesbitt, and Robert B. Elliott. Harlan led a delegation from the convention to call on President Grant, and met with Grant privately for about 15 minutes. In 1873, Grant appointed Harlan mail agent at large, and Harlan made great efforts to support Grant and the Republican Party. In 1874, Harlan was briefly removed as special agent of the Postal Service on the behest of senator John Quincy Smith, but soon was reinstated and given an apology by Smith. Harlan supported Republican efforts for civil rights, and in 1875 asked Benjamin Butler to clarify the scope of the Civil Rights Act, which Butler had authored and which John Marshal Harlan would, in 1883, be the lone Supreme Court Justice to support in the Civil Rights Cases, 109 U.S. 3 (1883). Butler's clarification, in the form of an open letter to Harlan, became a national story.

paragraph: Harlan frequently was a prominent member of other Colored National Conventions, including in April 1876 led by M. W. Gibbs and held in Nashville, Tennessee, in May 1879 led by John R. Lynch again in Nashville. in 1890 (called the Colored Congress and a founding meeting of the National Afro-American League) in Chicago led by T. Thomas Fortune, and in 1892 led by D. A. Rudd in Cincinnati. In 1884 and 1888, Harlan was elected an alternate delegate to the Republican National Convention for the Ohio delegation led by his friend and the future president, William McKinley. He was denied a spot in the 1880 convention, although recommended for the position by a group of black Ohio Republicans.

paragraph: Section::::Ohio politics.:Ohio House of Representatives.

paragraph: In 1881, Harlan ran for a seat in the Ohio State House of Representatives and was the only Republican to lose in Hamilton County, out of ten who ran. He was defeated by General Arthur F. Devereux by about 400 votes, and stated that while blacks in Cincinnati voted for the white Republicans in the race, giving them the victory, white Republicans did not vote for him, leading to the loss. In 1885, he ran for the same body and again was the only Republican in the county to lose, with nine others gaining a seat. Democrat A. P. Butterfield was the highest vote getting Democrat. In the House, however, a committee ousted Butterfield and gave Harlan the seat on March 26, 1886.

paragraph: As a legislator, Harlan was noted for opposing segregated schooling. William Copeland defeated Harlan in the Republican primaries in 1887. Out of elected office in September 1889, Harlan spoke out against the lynchings that were affecting blacks in the South. Later that year, Harlan was appointed an inspector of Customs, and was special inspector of the US Treasury Department until June 1893 when he was retired by President Grover Cleveland.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Harlan married multiple times and had at least six children, five daughters and a son. His son, Robert James Jr, was born to Josephine Floyd, reputed to be the daughter of Virginia governor John B. Floyd, in 1853, a year after Robert and Josephine had married. Josephine died when their son was six months old. His daughters were from an earlier wife. A third wife, daughter of Philadelphia caterer Thomas J. Dorsey, died in 1885. He frequently contributed articles to newspapers and occasionally wrote poetry. Robert James Harlan died at age 81 on September 21, 1897. He was a member of the Episcopal Church. His son also reached prominence and held the title Colonel.

description: politician

wikidata_label: Robert James Harlan

wikipedia_title: Robert James Harlan


text:
canoeist
New Zealand at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Jaimee Lovett
Caitlin Ryan
Aimee Fisher
Women's K-4 500 metres
Māori
Whakatōhea

categories: Whakatōhea,Olympic canoeists of New Zealand,Living people,New Zealand female canoeists,New Zealand Māori sportspeople,1992 births,Sportspeople from Wellington City,Canoeists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak

paragraph: Kayla Imrie

paragraph: Kayla Imrie (born 4 February 1992) is a New Zealand canoeist.

paragraph: She represented New Zealand at the 2016 Summer Olympics. She competed alongside Jaimee Lovett, Caitlin Ryan and Aimee Fisher in the Women's K-4 500 metres event. After having trained together for just 18 months, the young crew achieved a fifth place in the medal race.

paragraph: Of Māori descent, Imrie affiliates to Whakatōhea.

wikidata_label: Kayla Imrie

wikipedia_title: Kayla Imrie


text:
canoeist
Rotorua
New Zealand at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Jaimee Lovett
Caitlin Ryan
Kayla Imrie
women's K-4 500 metres

categories: Olympic canoeists of New Zealand,Sportspeople from Rotorua,Living people,New Zealand female canoeists,1995 births,Canoeists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak

paragraph: Aimee Fisher

paragraph: Aimee Fisher (born 24 January 1995) is a New Zealand canoeist.

paragraph: Fisher was born in Rotorua. She represented New Zealand at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where she competed alongside Jaimee Lovett, Caitlin Ryan and Kayla Imrie in the women's K-4 500 metres event. After having trained together for just 18 months, the young crew achieved a fifth place in the medal race.

wikidata_label: Aimee Fisher

wikipedia_title: Aimee Fisher


text:
929
985
Japan
Waka
poet
Heian period
Thirty-six Poetry Immortals
Imperial Family of Japan
Shūi Wakashū

categories: 10th-century women writers,10th-century Japanese poets,Saigū,10th-century Japanese people,Japanese women poets,Women of medieval Japan,10th-century Japanese women

paragraph: Saigū no Nyōgo

paragraph: Princess Kishi (929–985, 徽子女王, also "Yoshiko Joō" 承香殿女御 "Jokyōden Joō" or 斎宮女御 "Saigū no Nyōgo") was a Japanese Waka poet of the middle Heian period. She is one of only five women numbered as one of the Thirty-six Poetry Immortals. As her name implies, she was a princess of the Imperial Family of Japan.

paragraph: Many of her poems are included in the third Japanese imperial poetry anthology, Shūi Wakashū, issued in 1006.

alias:
Kishi Joō
Yoshiko-joō
Yoshiko Joō
Princess Kishi
Princess Yoshiko
Kishi-joō
Saigu no Nyogo
Saiguu no Nyougo

description: Japanese female poet in Heian period; consort of emperor Murakami

wikidata_label: Saigū no Nyōgo

wikipedia_title: Saigū no Nyōgo