text:
Seleucid
Perseus
Macedon
Antigonid dynasty
Macedonia
Seleucus IV Philopator
Laodice IV
Demetrius I Soter
Antigonid
Macedon
Perseus
Seleucid Empire
Greece
Rhodes
Roman Republic
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
Battle of Pydna
Roman province
triumph
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
Alba Fucens
Toreutics
Latin
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Demetrius I Soter
Demetrius II Nicator
Antiochus VII Sidetes
Ariarathes V of Cappadocia
Cappadocia
Orophernes of Cappadocia
Alexander Balas
Antiochus IV
Antioch
List of Syrian monarchs
Timeline of Syrian history

wikipedia_title:
Seleucid Empire
Perseus of Macedon
Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Antigonid dynasty
Macedonia (Greece)
Seleucus IV Philopator
Laodice IV
Demetrius I Soter
Antigonid dynasty
Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Perseus of Macedon
Seleucid Empire
Greece
Rhodes
Roman Republic
Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus
Battle of Pydna
Roman province
Roman triumph
Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus
Alba Fucens
Toreutics
Latin
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Demetrius I Soter
Demetrius II Nicator
Antiochus VII Sidetes
Ariarathes V of Cappadocia
Cappadocia
Orophernes of Cappadocia
Alexander Balas
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Antioch
List of Syrian monarchs
Timeline of Syrian history

categories: Ancient Macedonian monarchs,2nd-century BC women,Antigonid Macedonia,Seleucid princesses,2nd-century BC Macedonians,2nd-century BC Greek people,Antigonid dynasty,2nd-century BC rulers

paragraph: Laodice V

paragraph: Laodice V (flourished 2nd century BC, died 150 BC) was a Seleucid princess. Through marriage to Perseus king of Macedon she was a Queen of the ruling Antigonid dynasty in Macedonia and possibly later of the Seleucid dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Family and early life.

paragraph: Laodice was a daughter of the Seleucid King Seleucus IV Philopator and his wife, Laodice IV. She had two brothers: Antiochus and Demetrius I Soter. She was born and raised in the Seleucid Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:First marriage.

paragraph: The Antigonid king of Macedon, Perseus had experienced considerable diplomatic successes in the Seleucid Empire, Greece and on the island of Rhodes. As a result of his diplomatic actions, he married Laodice, either in 178 BC or 177 BC, making Laodice queen of Macedon. Not much is known on her time as queen or her relationship with Perseus. However, Laodice bore Perseus at least four children: Alexander, Philip, Andriscus (?) and a daughter.

paragraph: After a series of clashes with the Roman Republic, Perseus was finally decisively defeated by the Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus at the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC. Subsequently, Macedonia became a Roman province, while Perseus and his children became Roman captives and were taken to Rome, where they were shown as part of the triumph of Lucius Aemilius Paullus. At sometime between 165 and 162 BC, Perseus died, still in captivity. Little is known of the subsequent fate of the children of Perseus and Laodice. Only Alexander, who was still a child when Perseus was defeated by the Romans, is mentioned again. According to Livy, he was kept in custody at Alba Fucens, together with his father. After reaching his majority, Alexander became skillful in Toreutics, learned the Latin language, and became a public notary. The final defeat and captivity of Perseus and their children was the end of the Antigonid rule over Macedonia and its territories.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Life after Perseus.

paragraph: Unlike her husband, Laodice seems to have avoided captivity in Rome, and instead appears to have lived for much of the 160s in the court of her uncle, Antiochus IV Epiphanes and her half-brother Antiochus V Eupator. After their deaths, her brother Demetrius I Soter became Seleucid King. Demetrius I ruled from 161 BC to 150 BC. There is a possibility that Demetrius I married Laodice, but this is not certain. However, what is certain is that Demetrius' wife was named Laodice, and was the mother of his three sons Demetrius II Nicator, Antiochus VII Sidetes and Antigonus.

paragraph: Around 160 BC, Demetrius I offered Laodice to their maternal first cousin Ariarathes V of Cappadocia in marriage, which Ariarathes V declined. In 158 BC, there was civil war in Cappadocia between Ariarathes V and his brother, Orophernes of Cappadocia. Demetrius, still upset of Ariarathes’ refusal, supported the rebel. However, by 156 BC, Ariarathes V had emerged as the victor of the Cappadocian civil war. By the summer of 152 BC, a usurper by the name of Alexander Balas, who claimed to be the son of Antiochus IV, was gaining support and momentum in his bid for the Seleucid throne. In a military campaign against Alexander Balas near Antioch, Demetrius I was defeated. In 150 BC, Laodice was killed along with Demetrius I.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Syrian monarchs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of Syrian history

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- J.D. Grainger, A Seleukid prosopography and gazetteer, BRILL 1997, ASIN: B01M6ZINFX

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coinage of Demetrius I Soter and a Laodice, possibly Laodice V, see under entry Houghton 994

wikidata_label: Laodice V

wikipedia_title: Laodice V


text:
Angels & Airwaves
Box Car Racer
rock
Blink-182
Tom DeLonge
Travis Barker
Box Car Racer
Blink-182
Over My Dead Body
Hazen Street
Angels & Airwaves
Tom DeLonge
Poway
ES-335
octave
Mesa Boogie
Gibson ES-333
Angels & Airwaves
We Don't Need to Whisper
I-Empire
Love
Box Car Racer
Box Car Racer
Hazen Street
Hazen Street
Angels & Airwaves in Singapore
Angels & Airwaves modlife site
Team David Kennedy

categories: Guitarists from California,Angels & Airwaves members,1976 births,21st-century American guitarists,21st-century male musicians,Box Car Racer members,American punk rock guitarists,Living people,American male guitarists

paragraph: David Kennedy (musician)

paragraph: David James Kennedy (born July 8, 1976) is an American guitarist and songwriter. He is the current lead guitarist of Angels & Airwaves.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.

paragraph: He was a member of Box Car Racer, a rock band formed by Blink-182 members Tom DeLonge and Travis Barker. Box Car Racer, then a side project to Blink-182, put out its only album in 2002. Kennedy was also a member of the hardcore groups Over My Dead Body from San Diego and Hazen Street from New York. With Angels & Airwaves he had released five albums. David and band member Tom DeLonge were close friends and grew up together in Poway, California.

paragraph: In 2014, Kennedy took a break from music to focus on his career with James Coffee Co, a San Diego-based coffee house of which is he a part owner that specializes in producing handcrafted artisan roasted coffee beans. On April 18, 2018, DeLonge announced on Instagram that Kennedy and bassist Matt Wachter had rejoined Angels & Airwaves and are set to appear on the next album.

paragraph: Section::::Instruments.

paragraph: While playing with Angels & Airwaves, Kennedy was often seen playing his Gibson Memphis Custom Shop ES-335 Diamond Limited Run Electric Guitars, in all three colors in which they are available. He used Gibson Dirty Fingers Humbucking Pickups, the same bridge pickup Tom uses in all of his signature ES-333 models, in order to emulate Delonge's signature distorted, over driven tone when playing hand muted octave chords, often with delay effects. David played through Mesa Boogie triple rectifier heads and matching cabinets. Most of David's rig emulates that of DeLonge's, including the use of amps, preamp, cabs and effects, with the only exception being David's use of Ernie Ball Regular Slinky (10-46) strings as opposed to DeLonge's use of Ernie Ball Skinny Top, Heavy Bottom (10-52) strings.

paragraph: From 2010 to 2014, David used one Fender '65 Twin Reverb for clean, and one Vox AC30 for overdrive, matching Tom's setup once again.

paragraph: David had also used the Tom Delonge Signature Gibson ES-333 in some 2012 live performances and is seen with it in the Surrender music video.

paragraph: Section::::Motorcycle racing.

paragraph: David Kennedy is known to have a love of motorcycles. In July 2009 he entered and won his first race at the Willow Springs Motorcycle Club. Afterwards Kennedy stated,

paragraph: “I was nervous at the start, feeling just like I do before I go on stage to play for a huge crowd. There's a lot to compare between playing on stage and racing. Once the race started I just wanted to perform as best as I possibly could. I always want to be the best at what I dedicate myself to doing. A lot of people have helped me get to this point with my riding and I couldn't let them down. So it felt as though my riding was a lot like doing a performance.”

paragraph: On October 19, David placed second in his second race at Willow Springs, and managed to break his placement streak on November 14 by once again taking first.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Angels & Airwaves

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We Don't Need to Whisper" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I-Empire" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Box Car Racer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Box Car Racer" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Hazen Street

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hazen Street" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Solo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No Runners" (2012)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angels & Airwaves in Singapore

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angels & Airwaves modlife site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Team David Kennedy

description: American musician

wikidata_label: David Kennedy

wikipedia_title: David Kennedy (musician)


text: stage name

text: Takashi Miike

text: Kōji Wakamatsu

text: Izo

text: Satoru Nozoki

text: Kan Mikami

text: Izo

text: Chuya Nakahara

text: Paintings by Kazuki Tomokawa (Japanese)

text: Fan-run Kazuki Tomokawa MySpace

text: English homepage

text: Discogs page

categories: Japanese male singer-songwriters,20th-century Japanese singers,1950 births,P.S.F. Records artists,20th-century male singers,21st-century Japanese singers,Musicians from Akita Prefecture,Japanese poets,Japanese folk singers,Living people

paragraph: Kazuki Tomokawa

paragraph: Tenji Nozoki (及位典司) (born February 16, 1950), best known by the stage name Kazuki Tomokawa (友川 かずき), is a prolific Japanese musician, active in the Japanese music scene since the early 1970s. His music has been used in the films of cult directors Takashi Miike and Kōji Wakamatsu, and he also appears in person in Miike's "Izo" (2004).

paragraph: Japanese poet Satoru Nozoki is his brother.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Yatto Ichi Mai Me" (English title: "Finally First Album"), 1975

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nikusei" (English title: "Human Voice"), 1976

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Senbazuru Wo Kuchini Kuwaeta Hibi", 1977

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ore no Uchi de Nariyamanai Uta" (English title: "Poems That Won't Stop Crying From Within Me"), 1978

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Inu - Tomokawa Kazuki Akita Konsaato Raibu" (English title: "Dog - Akita Concert Live"), 1979

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sakura No Kuni No Chiru Naka O"' (English title: "Within the Country of Falling Cherry Blossoms"), 1980

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Umi shizuka, koe wa yami" (English title: "Sea Is Silent, Voice/Soul Is Suffering"), 1981

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Muzan No Bi" (English title: "Beauty Without Mercy"), 1986

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hanabana no kashitsu (English title: "Fault of Flowers")", 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live Manda-La Special", 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maboroshi to asobu" (English title: "Playing with Phantoms"), 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hitori Bon-Odori" (English title: "Dance A Bonodori Alone"), 1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- "GO-EN: Live In Nihon Seinenkan", concert with Kan Mikami 1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shibuya Apia Document", 1995 (Live)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zeiniku No Asa" (English title: "Fat in The Morning Light"), 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hoshi no Process" (English title: "The Process of Stars"), 1998 (Compilation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Yume Wa Hibi Genki Ni Shinde Yuku" (English title: "Dreams Die Blithefully Day By Day"), 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sora no Sakana" (English title: "Sky Fish"), 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Akai Polyan (English title: "Red Polyanthus")", 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Elise no me" (English title: "The Eyes of Elise"), 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kenshin no Ichigeki" (English title: "A Blow By Kenshin"), 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Box", 2003, a boxset of Tomokawa's previous albums, including 3 bonus CDs of unreleased material (a compilation of his three first albums, "Works of Chuya Nakahara" and "Satoru").

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pistol - Shibuya Apia Live 2003" DVD, 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Itsuka tooku o miteita", 2004 (Compilation with re-recorded and unreleased songs, including "Pistol", from "Izo")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Golden Best", 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Satoru", 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live 2005 Osaka Banana Hall", 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nakahara Chuya Sakuhinnshu" (English title: "Works of Chuya Nakahara"), 2006 (including the same tracks as on "Ore no Uchide Nariymanai Uta", but with rearranged music)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blue Water, Red Water", 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Bumpkin's Empty Bravado", 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blue Ice Pick", 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vengeance Bourbon", 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gleaming Crayon", 2016

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kazuki Tomokawa official homepage (Japanese)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paintings by Kazuki Tomokawa (Japanese)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fan-run Kazuki Tomokawa MySpace

paragraph: BULLET::::- English homepage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Discogs page

description: Japanese singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Kazuki Tomokawa

wikipedia_title: Kazuki Tomokawa


text: prostitute

text: Jefferson

text: Texas

text: Syracuse

text: New York

text: brothel

text: Cincinnati, Ohio

text: New Orleans, Louisiana

text: Hot Springs, Arkansas

text: Cincinnati

text: Ohio

text: Rothschild

text: bank

text: jewelry

text: alcoholism

text: saloons

text: brothel

text: venereal disease

text: Marshall

text: Texas

text: river port

text: Mississippi River

text: African American

text: O.J. Simpson

text: Menendez Brothers

text: Richard B. Hubbard

text: change of venue

text: Maurice Barrymore

text: tombstone

text: Jefferson's Historic Pilgrimage Tour

categories: 1854 births,American prostitutes,Murdered sex workers in the United States,People murdered in Texas,Deaths by firearm in Texas,American murder victims,People from Syracuse, New York,1877 deaths

paragraph: Diamond Bessie

paragraph: Diamond Bessie (1854 - December 31, 1877) was the popular name given to Bessie Moore, née Annie Stone, a prostitute whose murder in the woods outside Jefferson, Texas, propelled her to the level of local legend. She was killed by a single gunshot wound to the head, allegedly by her husband, Abraham Rothschild (no relation to the banking family).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Bessie was born in 1854 in Syracuse, New York, to a shoe dealer. The abundance of attention from men resulting from her striking beauty is said to have led her down the proverbial "wayward path" at a young age. At 15, she left home and took up with a man named Moore. She was described as an extraordinary beauty with black hair and brilliant grey eyes.

paragraph: After this affair ended, she entered into prostitution (though she kept Moore's name). By all accounts, she adapted to the life quickly, and her numerous male admirers showered her with gifts of diamond jewelry. A story that she had a large inheritance from her father may be apocryphal. Bessie plied her trade in brothels, firstly in the Mansion of Joy brothel in Cincinnati, Ohio. She later worked at brothels in New Orleans, Louisiana and finally Hot Springs, Arkansas.

paragraph: Section::::Association with Abraham Rothschild.

paragraph: Abraham (or Abe) Rothschild (born 1853 in Cincinnati, Ohio) was the son of Meyer Rothschild, a Cincinnati jeweler. He was not a member of the prominent European Rothschild banking family.

paragraph: He was handsome and a capable businessman, and for a time he worked as a traveling salesman for his father's prosperous jewelry business. His future looked bright, but his attraction to fast living and women soon led to alcoholism, and he became an embarrassment to his family, frequenting saloons and brothels. He met Bessie Moore in a Hot Springs brothel in 1875. From this time until her death, they were together.

paragraph: Bessie pressured Rothschild to marry her, and according to various accounts, she may have claimed she was pregnant (an autopsy later showed that she was not) and threatened to reveal this scandalous fact to Rothschild's father. Whatever the motive, Bessie and Rothschild's relationship was known to be tumultuous, marred by alcoholism and physical abuse. Rothschild is said to have forced Bessie to prostitute herself numerous times during their travels together, and to give him $50.00 a day. She may have been suffering from a venereal disease. In Cincinnati, Rothschild was once arrested for beating her in public, and she accused him several times of trying to steal and hock her diamonds.

paragraph: On January 17, 1877, the couple registered as husband and wife at the Capitol Hotel in Marshall, Texas, about 18 miles south of Jefferson. After two days, they traveled to Jefferson by train. Jefferson was, at this time, one of the largest and busiest river ports west of the Mississippi River. The exact nature of Rothschild's business in Jefferson is not known, nor at what point his plan to murder Bessie might have been hatched.

paragraph: The couple registered at the Brooks House in Jefferson as "A. Munroe and wife". Their fine clothes and, of course, Bessie's diamonds, made an immediate impression on the townsfolk. Rothschild is said to have first addressed his "wife" as Bessie during this trip, and the locals adapted this into "Diamond Bessie".

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On the morning of January 21, Rothschild bought a picnic lunch from Henrique's Restaurant, and the couple crossed the bridge at Cypress Bayou, walking away from town along the Marshall road. The last person to see them together was Frank Malloy, who noticed them in the restaurant before 11:00 am; Malloy took special note of Bessie's massive diamond rings. About three hours later, Rothschild was seen crossing the bridge back into Jefferson alone.

paragraph: When questioned about his wife's whereabouts at the Brooks House, Rothschild claimed she had stayed across the Bayou to visit friends. The following morning, he took breakfast alone at the hotel, where he was seen wearing Bessie's rings. On the morning of Tuesday, January 23, he boarded a train to Cincinnati with his and Bessie's luggage.

paragraph: Bessie's body was discovered in the woods along the Marshall road on the afternoon of February 5 by Sarah King, an African American woman out collecting firewood. The victim had been shot in the head. The remnants of a picnic lunch were still scattered about. The body was fully clothed, and had no jewelry. The townsfolk held a collection and raised $150 to pay for Bessie's burial.

paragraph: Section::::Arrest and trials.

paragraph: In Cincinnati, Rothschild began drinking more heavily and was reportedly becoming quite paranoid, believing himself to be followed everywhere. He tried to shoot himself outside a saloon in late February, but only succeeded in putting out his right eye. After a few days in the hospital, he was arrested and jailed, awaiting extradition to Texas for the murder of "Diamond Bessie Moore".

paragraph: With Rothschild's real identity known, the case quickly became a "cause celebre". The public fascination with the murder of a beautiful young woman at the hands of a wealthy scion of society held a lurid appeal comparable to the contemporary murder trials of O.J. Simpson or the Menendez Brothers. It was Texas' first big murder case, called by Texas governor Richard B. Hubbard, "a crime unparalleled in the record of blood."

paragraph: Though Rothschild was the black sheep of his family, their fear of devastating scandal evidently prompted them to rally to his side and hire him a formidable defense team. Rothschild had no fewer than 10 high-priced attorneys. They immediately secured a change of venue, as feelings toward Rothschild in Jefferson were so hostile, any possible jury pool was hopelessly tainted. The townspeople were known to have contributed money to reimburse Sheriff John Vines for his trip to Cincinnati to arrest Rothschild.

paragraph: The case finally went to trial in December 1878 in Marshall. While in jail in Marshall, Rothschild's cellmate was Jim Currie, a railroad employee who had shot two actors, killing one; the survivor was actor Maurice Barrymore.

paragraph: Rothschild was convicted — the jury foreman reportedly drew a noose on the wall during deliberations with the slogan, "That's my verdict!" — but the conviction was overturned on appeal. There was widespread opinion that Rothschild's wealth and Bessie being a prostitute influenced the appellate court. One newspaper editorial bitterly wrote, "Certainly all that is required to save a red-handed murderer from the gallows are two or three active friends and sufficient money..."

paragraph: After much legal wrangling, Rothschild went to trial again on December 22, 1880, this time in Jefferson. Rothschild did not testify in his own defense, and his lawyers managed to plant doubts in the jury members. Rothschild, to the dismay of many, was acquitted, and rejoined his family in Cincinnati. Editorialists were again bitter, one writing, "...one of the vilest and meanest murders ever perpetrated goes unpunished through the inefficiency of the legal system."

paragraph: After the acquittal, Rothschild returned to Cincinnati and continued a life of crime. Rothschild's later exploits include posing as a wealthy businessman in several southern towns to acquire large quantities of jewelry on credit, and then quickly leaving town before being discovered.

paragraph: Diamond Bessie became a figure of folklore. Every May since 1955, Jefferson during its annual Pilgrimage Festival, produces play titled "The Diamond Bessie Murder Trial", derived from court transcripts, is performed. Diamond Bessie's grave in Jefferson's Oakwood Cemetery is a popular tourist attraction; unmarked for years, it bears a tombstone, installed one 1930s night by a retired foundry worker, E B McDonald: "I placed it there one night because it did not seem right for Diamond Bessie to sleep in an unmarked grave." The Jessie Wise Allen Garden Club later erected an ornate iron fence around the plot.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jefferson's Historic Pilgrimage Tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Podcast: Episode 18 – The Murder of DiamondBessie murder.ly

description: American murder victim

wikidata_label: Diamond Bessie

wikipedia_title: Diamond Bessie


text:
Doge of Venice
Pope Alexander III
Emperor Frederick I
William II of Sicily
Treaty of Venice

categories: 12th-century Doges of Venice,12th-century Italian people,1178 deaths

paragraph: Sebastiano Ziani

paragraph: Sebastiano Ziani was Doge of Venice from 1172 to 1178. He was one of the greatest planners of Venice.

paragraph: During his short term as Doge, Ziani divided the city-state into many districts. He realised that the government headquarters were too close to the shipyard. As such, they were affected by the noise from the shipyard. Ziani resolved this problem by donating a piece of land to the city-state and relocating the shipyard in it.

paragraph: He also hosted Pope Alexander III, the Emperor Frederick I, and the delegation of William II of Sicily for the signing of the Treaty of Venice in July 1177. He was married to a woman named Cecilia.

wikidata_label: Sebastiano Ziani

wikipedia_title: Sebastiano Ziani


text: prior

text: Cistercian

text: Heisterbach Abbey

text: Siebengebirge

text: Oberdollendorf

text: Titivillus

text: demon

text: typographical error

text: Arnaud Amalric

text: Albigensian Crusade

text: Cathars

text: Catholics

text: Düsseldorf

text: apse

text: choir

text: hagiography

text: miracle

text: sermon

text: Late Middle Ages

text: Golden Legend

text: Jacobus de Voragine

text: iconography

text: Virgin of Mercy

text: homiletics

text: "Catholic Encyclopedia"

text: Medieval Sourcebook:

text: "Dialogus Miraculorum"

categories: 1240 deaths,13th-century German writers,Christian hagiographers,1180 births,German Cistercians,German male writers

paragraph: Caesarius of Heisterbach

paragraph: Caesarius of Heisterbach (ca. 1180 – ca. 1240), sometimes erroneously called, in English, Caesar of Heisterbach, was the prior of a Cistercian monastery, Heisterbach Abbey, which was located in the Siebengebirge, near the small town of Oberdollendorf, Germany.

paragraph: Caesarius of Heisterbach is remembered for a paradoxical maxim concerning the rise and decline of monasteries according to which discipline causes prosperity in a monastery, and prosperity undermines discipline. He also gave the name of Titivillus as the demon who caused typographical errors in the work of scribes. He is further known as having attributed to Arnaud Amalric, a leader in the Albigensian Crusade a famous declaration. Upon being asked how to distinguish Cathars from Catholics at the besieged town of Béziers, Arnaud supposedly replied "Caedite eos. Novit enim Dominus qui sunt eius", which translates as: "Slay them all, God will recognize his own." This statement is often cited as "Kill them all and let God sort them out."

paragraph: Heisterbach Abbey was dissolved in 1803, and the library and archives were given to the city of Düsseldorf. The monastery and the church were sold and demolished in 1809, only the ruined apse with fragments of the choir remaining. In 1897 a monument was erected nearby in honour of Caesarius.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: As an author, Caesarius of Heisterbach is best known as the compiler of a book of hagiography, the "Dialogus miraculorum" (ca. 1219-1223), a collection of 746 miracle stories arranged according to twelve distinctions. The tales are told in the form of dialogues between a monk and a novice. The work was often referred to by preachers seeking material for sermons in the Late Middle Ages. It was extremely popular and was widely distributed, and its popularity was rivaled only, perhaps, by the "Golden Legend" of Jacobus de Voragine. A vision reported in the book provided the source for the iconography of the Virgin of Mercy.

paragraph: The contemplative writings of Caesarius can be seen as opposing the mendicant orders of his lifetime.

paragraph: The first writings of Caesarius were sermons, which he wrote for his own use. But it was not long before his fellow monks approached him with requests for elaboration and explanation. His ninth book was written because his fellow monks asked him for a simple and clearly understandable explanation of the Maria sequence "Ave preclara maris stella". His other writings were responses to requests.

paragraph: Caesarius often complained that his works were taken out of his hand, unfinished and uncorrected. They were extremely well-known and popular, and some sixty known transcriptions of the " Dialogus miraculorum " preceded the publication of a critical edition.

paragraph: In his sermons Caesarius treats passages from the Bible, often examining psalms or parts of them. He also relates the movements of heavenly bodies to the destinies of men. His homilies, on the other hand, deal with the evangelical texts of the Sundays and festivals throughout the entire Church year, and are to be regarded as theological tracts and meditations rather than sermons and speeches. They are directed not to laymen, but to monks and novices of the Cistercian Order. The interpretations often deal with the lives of monks.

paragraph: The writings of Caesrius are of considerable importance for the study of medieval homiletics.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catholic Encyclopedia": Caesarius of Heisterbach

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medieval Sourcebook: Caesarius of Heisterbach, from "Dialogus", book V: on medieval heresies

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dialogus Miraculorum", volume 1, images from an 1851 edition (Latin)

description: German Cistercian, author

wikidata_label: Caesar of Heisterbach

wikipedia_title: Caesarius of Heisterbach


text: American

text: serial killer

text: New Orleans

text: Louisiana

text: Gretna

text: epithet

text: axe

text: chisel

text: Italian

text: Italian-American

text: Mafia

text: sadist

text: Criminologist

text: jazz music

text: ether

text: Tartarus

text: Colin Wilson

text: Los Angeles

text: California

text: Lower Ninth Ward

text: modus operandi

text: grocer

text: death

text: Gretna, Louisiana

text: Beasts of Bourbon

text: Julie Smith

text: novel

text: Poppy Z. Brite

text: Chuck Palahniuk

text: Haunted

text: One Ton Project

text: The Times-Picayune

text: Fila Brazillia

text: Christopher Farnsworth

text: Boogeyman

text: Danny Huston

text: The Originals

text: My Favorite Murder

text: Eisregen

text: BuzzFeed Unsolved

text: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver

text: DePuy

categories: 1919 crimes in the United States,History of Louisiana,Unsolved murders in the United States,1918 crimes in the United States,Unidentified serial killers,Axe murder,American murderers of children,20th century in New Orleans,People from New Orleans,1918 in Louisiana,1919 in Louisiana,American serial killers

paragraph: Axeman of New Orleans

paragraph: The Axeman of New Orleans was an American serial killer active in New Orleans, Louisiana (and surrounding communities, including Gretna), from May 1918 to October 1919. Press reports during the height of public panic about the killings mentioned similar murders as early as 1911, but recent researchers have called these reports into question. The Axeman was never identified, and the murders remain unsolved.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: As the killer's epithet implies, the victims usually were attacked with an axe, which often belonged to the victims themselves. In most cases, a panel on a back door of a home was removed by a chisel, which were both left on the floor near the door, followed by an attack on one or more of the residents with either an axe or straight razor. The crimes were not motivated by robbery, and the perpetrator never removed items from his victims' homes.

paragraph: The majority of the Axeman's victims were Italian immigrants or Italian-Americans, leading many to believe that the crimes were ethnically motivated. Many media outlets sensationalized this aspect of the crimes, even suggesting Mafia involvement despite lack of evidence. Some crime analysts have suggested that the killings were related to sex, and that the murderer was perhaps a sadist specifically seeking female victims. Criminologists Colin and Damon Wilson hypothesize that the Axeman killed male victims only when they obstructed his attempts to murder women, supported by cases in which the woman of the household was murdered but not the man. A less plausible theory is that the killer committed the murders in an attempt to promote jazz music, suggested by a letter attributed to the killer in which he stated that he would spare the lives of those who played jazz in their homes.

paragraph: The Axeman was not caught or identified, and his crime spree stopped as mysteriously as it had started. The murderer's identity remains unknown to this day, although various possible identifications of varying plausibility have been proposed. On March 13, 1919, a letter purporting to be from the Axeman was published in newspapers saying that he would kill again at 15 minutes past midnight on the night of March 19, but would spare the occupants of any place where a jazz band was playing. That night all of New Orleans' dance halls were filled to capacity, and professional and amateur bands played jazz at parties at hundreds of houses around town. There were no murders that night.

paragraph: Section::::Background.:The Axeman's letter.

paragraph: Hell, March 13, 1919

paragraph: Esteemed Mortal of New Orleans:The Axeman

paragraph: They have never caught me and they never will. They have never seen me, for I am invisible, even as the ether that surrounds your earth. I am not a human being, but a spirit and a demon from the hottest hell. I am what you Orleanians and your foolish police call the Axeman.

paragraph: When I see fit, I shall come and claim other victims. I alone know whom they shall be. I shall leave no clue except my bloody axe, besmeared with blood and brains of he whom I have sent below to keep me company.

paragraph: If you wish you may tell the police to be careful not to rile me. Of course, I am a reasonable spirit. I take no offense at the way they have conducted their investigations in the past. In fact, they have been so utterly stupid as to not only amuse me, but His Satanic Majesty, Francis Josef, etc. But tell them to beware. Let them not try to discover what I am, for it were better that they were never born than to incur the wrath of the Axeman. I don't think there is any need of such a warning, for I feel sure the police will always dodge me, as they have in the past. They are wise and know how to keep away from all harm.

paragraph: Undoubtedly, you Orleanians think of me as a most horrible murderer, which I am, but I could be much worse if I wanted to. If I wished, I could pay a visit to your city every night. At will I could slay thousands of your best citizens (and the worst), for I am in close relationship with the Angel of Death.

paragraph: Now, to be exact, at 12:15 (earthly time) on next Tuesday night, I am going to pass over New Orleans. In my infinite mercy, I am going to make a little proposition to you people. Here it is:

paragraph: I am very fond of jazz music, and I swear by all the devils in the nether regions that every person shall be spared in whose home a jazz band is in full swing at the time I have just mentioned. If everyone has a jazz band going, well, then, so much the better for you people. One thing is certain and that is that some of your people who do not jazz it out on that specific Tuesday night (if there be any) will get the axe.

paragraph: Well, as I am cold and crave the warmth of my native Tartarus, and it is about time I leave your earthly home, I will cease my discourse. Hoping that thou wilt publish this, that it may go well with thee, I have been, am and will be the worst spirit that ever existed either in fact or realm of fancy.

paragraph: --The Axeman

paragraph: Section::::Suspects.

paragraph: Crime writer Colin Wilson speculates the Axeman could have been Joseph Momfre, a man shot to death in Los Angeles in December 1920 by the widow of Mike Pepitone, the Axeman's last known victim. Wilson's theory has been widely repeated in other true crime books and websites. However, true crime writer Michael Newton searched New Orleans and Los Angeles public, police and court records as well as newspaper archives, and failed to find any evidence of a man with the name "Joseph Momfre" (or a similar name) having been assaulted or killed in Los Angeles. Newton also was not able to find any information that Mrs. Pepitone (identified in some sources as Esther Albano, and in others simply as a "woman who claimed to be Pepitone's widow") was arrested, tried or convicted for such a crime, or indeed had been in California. Newton notes that "Momfre" was not an unusual surname in New Orleans at the time of the crimes. It appears that there actually may have been an individual named Joseph Momfre or Mumfre in New Orleans who had a criminal history, and who may have been connected with organized crime; however, local records for the period are not extensive enough to allow confirmation of this, or to positively identify the individual. Wilson's explanation is an urban legend, and there is no more evidence now on the identity of the killer than there was at the time of the crimes.

paragraph: Two of the alleged "early" victims of the Axeman, an Italian couple named Schiambra, were shot by an intruder in their Lower Ninth Ward home in the early morning hours of May 16, 1912. The male Schiambra survived while his wife died. In newspaper accounts, the prime suspect is referred to by the name of "Momfre" more than once. While radically different than the Axeman's usual modus operandi, if Joseph Momfre was indeed the Axeman, the Schiambras may well have been early victims of the future serial killer.

paragraph: According to scholar Richard Warner, the chief suspect in the crimes was Frank "Doc" Mumphrey (1875–1921), who used the alias Leon Joseph Monfre/Manfre.

paragraph: Section::::Victims.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Joseph Maggio was an Italian grocer who was attacked on May 22, 1918 while sleeping alongside his wife, Catherine, at their home on the corner of Upperline and Magnolia Streets where they conducted a barroom and grocery. The killer broke into the home, and then proceeded to cut the couple's throats with a straight razor. Upon leaving he bashed their heads with an axe, perhaps in order to conceal the real cause of death. Joseph survived the attack, but died minutes after being discovered by his brothers Jake and Andrew Maggio. Catherine died prior to the brothers' arrival. In the apartment, law enforcement agents found the bloody clothes of the murderer, as he had obviously changed into a clean set of clothes before fleeing the scene. A complete search of the premises was not completed by police after the bodies were removed, yet later the bloody razor was found on the lawn of a neighboring property. Police ruled out robbery as motivation for the attacks, as money and valuables left in plain sight were not stolen by the intruder. The razor used to kill the couple was found to belong to Andrew Maggio, the brother of the deceased who conducted a barber shop on Camp Street. His employee, Esteban Torres, told police that Maggio had removed the razor from his shop two days prior to the murder, explaining that he had wanted to have a nick honed from the blade. Maggio, who lived in the adjoining apartment to his brother's residence, discovered his slain brother and sister-in-law roughly two hours after the gruesome attacks had occurred, upon hearing strange groaning noises through the wall. Maggio blamed his failure to hear any noise related to the attacks that had occurred in the early morning hours on his intoxicated state, as he had returned home after a night of celebration prior to his departure to join the navy; police, however, were nonetheless surprised that he failed to hear the intruder, as he made a forced entry into the home. Andrew Maggio became the police chief's prime suspect in the crime, yet was released after investigators were unable to break down his statement, as well as his account of an unknown man who was supposedly seen lurking near the residence prior to the murders.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Catherine Maggio was the wife of Joseph Maggio, her throat was cut so deep that her head was nearly severed from her shoulders.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Louis Besumer and his mistress Harriet Lowe were attacked in the early morning hours of June 27, 1918, in the quarters at the back of his grocery which was located at the corner of Dorgenois and Laharpe Streets. Besumer was struck with a hatchet above his right temple, which resulted in a possible skull fracture. Lowe was hacked over the left ear, and found unconscious when police arrived at the scene. The couple was discovered shortly after 7 AM on the morning of the attack by John Zanca, a driver of a bakery wagon who had come to the grocery in order to make a routine delivery. Zanca found both Besumer and Lowe in a puddle of their own blood, both bleeding from their heads. The axe, which had belonged to Besumer himself, was found in the bathroom of the apartment. Besumer later stated to police that he had been sleeping when he was bashed with the hatchet. Almost immediately, police arrested potential suspect Lewis Oubicon, a then 41-year-old African American man who had been employed in Besumer's store just a week before the attacks. No evidence existed which could have proved the man guilty, yet police arrested him nonetheless, stating that Oubicon had offered conflicting accounts of his whereabouts on the morning of the attack. Shortly after the attempted murder Lowe stated that she remembered having been attacked by a mulatto man, yet her statement was discounted by police due to her disillusioned state. Robbery was said to be the only possible explanation for the attacks, yet no money or valuables were removed from the couple's home. Oubicon was later released as police were unable to gather sufficient evidence to hold him accountable for the crimes. Media attention soon turned to Besumer himself, as a series of letters written in German, Russian, and Yiddish were discovered in a trunk at the man's home. Police suspected that Besumer was a German spy, and government officials began a full investigation of his potential espionage. Weeks later, after going in and out of consciousness, Harriet Lowe told police that she thought Besumer was in fact a German spy, which led to his immediate arrest. Two days later Besumer was released, and two lead investigators of the case were demoted due to unacceptable police work. Besumer was once again arrested in August 1918, after Harriet Lowe, who lay dying in Charity Hospital after a failed surgery, stated that it was he who had attacked her more than a month previously with his hatchet. He was charged with murder, and served nine months in prison before being acquitted on May 1, 1919, after a ten-minute jury deliberation.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Harriet Lowe was attacked while in bed with Louis Besumer. As is mentioned previously, Lowe was hacked above her left ear and found unconscious at the scene of the crime before she was rushed to Charity Hospital. Lowe became the center of a media circus, as she continually made scandalous and often false statements relating to both the attacks and the character of Louis Besumer, some of which are described in the preceding description. The Times-Picayune sensationalized Lowe and her outspoken nature upon discovering that she was not the wife of Besumer, but his mistress. A Charity Hospital source discovered the scandal, when Besumer asked to be directed to the room of "Mrs. Harriet Lowe," and was inevitably denied access as no woman by that name was a patient. Besumer's legal wife arrived from Cincinnati in the days immediately following the discovery, which further inflamed the ongoing drama. Lowe further gained media attention as she repeatedly made statements which voiced her dislike of the New Orleans chief of police, as well as her reluctance to comply with police questioning. After the truth of her marital status was revealed publicly, Lowe told reporters from the Times-Picayune that she would no longer aid the police in their investigation, as she suspected that it had been Chief Mooney who first informed the press of the scandal. Despite the scandal, and her delirious statements which suggested that Besumer was a German spy, Lowe returned to the home she shared with Besumer weeks after the attack. One side of her face was partially paralyzed due to the severity of the attack. Lowe died August 5, 1918, just two days after doctors performed surgery in an effort to repair her partially paralyzed face. Just prior to her death, Lowe told authorities that she suspected it was Louis Besumer who had attacked her.

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Anna Schneider was attacked in the early evening hours of August 5, 1918. The 8 months pregnant, 28-year-old of Elmira Street awoke to find a dark figure standing over her and was bashed in the face repeatedly. Her scalp had been cut open, and her face was completely covered in blood. Mrs. Schneider was discovered after midnight by her husband, Ed Schneider, who was returning late from work. Schneider claimed that she remembered nothing of the attack, and gave birth to a healthy baby girl two days after the incident. Her husband told police that nothing was stolen from the home, besides six or seven dollars that had been in his wallet. The windows and doors of the apartment appear to have not been forced open, and authorities came to the conclusion that the woman was most likely attacked with a lamp that had been on a nearby table. James Gleason, who police said was an ex-convict, was arrested shortly after Schneider was found. Gleason was later released due to a complete lack of evidence, and stated that he originally ran from authorities because he had so often been arrested. Lead investigators began to publicly speculate that the attack was related to the previous incidents involving Besumer and Maggio.

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Joseph Romano was an elderly man living with his two nieces, Pauline and Mary Bruno. On August 10, 1918, Pauline and Mary awoke to the sound of a commotion in the adjoining room where their uncle resided. Upon entering the room, the sisters discovered that their uncle had taken a serious blow to his head, which resulted in two open cuts. The assailant was fleeing the scene as they arrived, yet the girls were able to distinguish that he was a dark-skinned, heavy-set man, who wore a dark suit and slouched hat. Romano, although seriously injured, was able to walk to the ambulance once it arrived, yet died two days later due to severe head trauma. The home had been ransacked, yet no items were stolen from Romano. Authorities found a bloody axe in the back yard and discovered that a panel on the back door had been chiseled away. The Romano murder created a state of extreme chaos in the city, with residents living in constant fear of an axeman attack. Police received a slew of reports, in which citizens claimed to have seen an axeman lurking in New Orleans neighborhoods. A few men even called to report that they had found axes in their back yards. John Dantonio, a then-retired Italian detective, made public statements in which he hypothesized that the man who had committed the axeman murders was the same who had killed several individuals in 1911. The retired detective cited similarities in the manner by which the two sets of homicides had been committed, as reason to assume that they had been conducted by the same individual. Dantonio described the potential killer as an individual of dual personalities, who killed without motive. This type of individual, Dantonio stated, could very likely have been a normal, law-abiding citizen, who was often overcome by an overwhelming desire to kill. He later went on to describe the killer as a real-life "Dr. Jekyl and Mr. Hyde".

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Charles Cortimiglia was an immigrant who lived with his wife, Rosie, and infant daughter, Mary, on the corner of Jefferson Avenue and Second Street in Gretna, Louisiana, a New Orleans suburb across the Mississippi River. On the night of March 10, 1919, screams were heard coming from the Cortimiglia Residence. Grocer Iorlando Jordano rushed across the street to investigate. Upon his arrival, Jordano noticed that Charles Cortimiglia, his wife, and their daughter had all been attacked by the unknown intruder. Rosie stood in the doorway with a serious head wound, clutching her deceased daughter. Charles lay on the floor, bleeding profusely. The couple was rushed to Charity Hospital, where it was discovered that both had suffered skull fractures. Nothing was stolen from the house, but a panel on the back door had been chiseled away and a bloody axe was found on the back porch of the home. Charles was released two days later, while his wife remained in the care of doctors. Upon gaining full consciousness, Rosie made claims that Iorlando Jordano and his 18-year-old son, Frank, were responsible for the attacks. Iorlando, a 69-year-old man, was in too poor of health to have committed the crimes. Frank Jordano, more than six feet tall and weighing over 200 pounds, would have been too large to have fit through the panel on the back door. Charles Cortimiglia vehemently denied his wife's claims, yet police nonetheless arrested the two and charged them with the murder. The men would later be found guilty. Frank was sentenced to hang, and his father to life in prison. Charles Cortimiglia divorced his wife after the trial. Almost a year later, Rosie announced that she had falsely accused the two out of jealousy and spite. Her statement was the only evidence against the Jordanos, and they were released from jail shortly thereafter.

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Rosie Cortimiglia was the wife of immigrant laborer Charles Cortimiglia. She was attacked alongside her husband on March 10, 1919, while sleeping with her baby in her arms. She was badly wounded by the axeman, but survived the incident.

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Mary Cortimiglia was the two-year-old daughter of Charles and Rosie Cortimiglia. She was killed while sleeping in her mother's arms with a single blow to the back of the neck when she and her parents were attacked on March 10, 1919.

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Steve Boca, a grocer, was attacked in his bedroom as he slept by an axe-wielding intruder on August 10, 1919. Boca awoke during the night to find a dark figure looming over his bed. Upon regaining consciousness, Boca ran to the street to investigate the intrusion, and found that his head had been cracked open. The grocer ran to the home of his neighbor, Frank Genusa, where he lost consciousness and collapsed. Nothing had been taken from the home, yet, once again, a panel on the back door of the home had been chiseled away. Boca recovered from his injuries, but could not remember any details of the trauma. This attack took place after the emergence of the infamous axeman letter.

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Sarah Laumann was attacked on the night of September 3, 1919. Neighbors came to check on the young woman, who had lived alone, and broke into the home when Laumann did not answer. They discovered the 19-year-old lying unconscious on her bed, suffering from a severe head injury and missing several teeth. The intruder had entered the apartment through an open window, and attacked the woman with a blunt object. A bloody axe was discovered on the front lawn of the building. Laumann recovered from her injuries, yet couldn't recall any details from the attack.

paragraph: BULLET::::12. Mike Pepitone was attacked on the night of October 27, 1919. His wife was awakened by a noise and arrived at the door of his bedroom just as a large, axe-wielding man was fleeing the scene. Mike Pepitone had been struck in the head, and was covered in his own blood. Blood splatter covered the majority of the room, including a painting of the Virgin Mary. Mrs. Pepitone, the mother of six children, was unable to describe any characteristics of the killer. The Pepitone murder was the last of the alleged axeman attacks.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1919, local tune writer Joseph John Davilla wrote the song, "The Mysterious Axman's Jazz (Don't Scare Me Papa)". Published by New Orleans based World's Music Publishing Company, the cover depicted a family playing music with frightened looks on their faces.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 1945 book "Gumbo Ya-Ya, A Collection of Louisiana Folk Tales" includes a chapter on the Axeman entitled "Axeman's Jazz", which helped spark renewed interest in the murders. The book also reproduced the cover of the 1919 sheet music.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Australian rock band Beasts of Bourbon released an album in 1984 called "The Axeman's Jazz"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Writer Julie Smith used a fictionalized version of the Axeman events in her 1991 novel "The Axeman's Jazz".

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Axeman killings are also referred to in the short story "Mussolini and the Axeman's Jazz" by Poppy Z. Brite, published in 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In Chuck Palahniuk's 2005 novel "Haunted", the Axeman is mentioned in Sister Vigilante's short story.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 2007 song "Deathjazz" by Las Vegas progressive rock band One Ton Project parallels the story of the Axeman.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A sentence from the Axeman's letter to "The Times-Picayune" is spoken at the beginning of Fila Brazillia's song "Tunstall and Californian Haddock."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christopher Farnsworth's 2012 novel "Red, White, and Blood" centers on a murderous spirit called the Boogeyman, which has inhabited numerous bodies throughout history, including the Axeman of New Orleans.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ray Celestin's 2014 novel "The Axeman's Jazz" is a fictionalized version of the Axeman of New Orleans's case.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In "", starting with episode "The Axeman Cometh", the Axeman is portrayed by Danny Huston.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Axeman is mentioned in Season 3, Episode 5 and Season 4, Episode 6 of "The Originals".

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Axeman is portrayed in Hildred Rex's short story, "A Slinking Agent of the Devil (at 3AM)", Opus 1 of the dark fiction anthology, "The Egg".

paragraph: BULLET::::- My Favorite Murder, a true crime podcast, covered the story of the Axeman on their 60th episode entitled "Jazz It".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stuff You Missed In History Class" did a two-part miniseries on the Axeman in which they toyed with the idea of his murderous acts having begun prior to 1918.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Unsolved Murders, a true crime podcast, did a three-part miniseries on the Axeman of New Orleans, ending with their opinions of who the hosts think who were responsible.

paragraph: BULLET::::- And That's Why We Drink, a paranormal and true crime podcast, did an episode on The Axeman on its 39th episode, "A Girl Named German and La La Land 1 1/2."

paragraph: BULLET::::- On the 13th Eisregen released the song Axtmann, who tells of the crime.

paragraph: BULLET::::- BuzzFeed Unsolved, a YouTube series that delves into unsolved true crime cases and the supernatural, explored stories and theories regarding the Axeman in S2E1, "The Terrifying Axeman of New Orleans".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alan G. Gauthreaux, author and historian, presented a comprehensive profile of the Axman Murders in his book, "Italian Louisiana: History, Heritage, and Tradition", published in 2014. Recommended Reading by the International Sons of Italy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, a news satire program, mentioned The Axeman on episode 12 of season 13, titled "Medical Devices." John Oliver gave a brief history of the Axeman after showing a DePuy sales team celebrating their successful numbers for a hip device, which would later be recalled. The celebration was Mardi Gras themed, and included a man dressed up as The Axeman.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Axman Came from Hell"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vice interview of Miriam C. Davis about the Axeman murders

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prairie Ghosts: The Axeman of New Orleans

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919: A serial killer had New Orleans on edge Times-Picayune

description: unidentified serial killer

wikidata_label: The Axeman of New Orleans

wikipedia_title: Axeman of New Orleans


text: swimmer Arne

categories: 1901 births,Olympic bronze medalists for Sweden,Twin people from Sweden,Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics,Sportspeople from Stockholm,Twin sportspeople,Swedish male swimmers,Male freestyle swimmers,1973 deaths,Swimmers at the 1924 Summer Olympics,European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming,Stockholms KK swimmers,Olympic swimmers of Sweden,Olympic bronze medalists in swimming

paragraph: Åke Borg

paragraph: Åke Borg (18 August 1901 – 6 June 1973) was a Swedish swimmer. Teaming with his twin brother Arne he won a bronze medal at the 1924 Olympics and two European championship medals in the 4×200 m freestyle relay.

description: swimmer

wikidata_label: Åke Borg

wikipedia_title: Åke Borg


text: Major League Baseball

text: second baseman

text: New York Mets

text: World Series

text: New York Mets

text: pitcher

text: Greenwich, Connecticut

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text: College World Series

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text: Rookie of the Year

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text: hits

text: doubles

text: American League West

text: Alvin Davis

text: Mark Langston

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text: American League

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text: Houston, Texas

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text: Boston Red Sox

text: Oakland Athletics

text: Félix Millán

text: error

text: Rich Gedman

text: 1988 NLCS

text: Gregg Jefferies

text: first base

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categories: Sportspeople from Greenwich, Connecticut,Baseball players from Connecticut,Clemson Tigers baseball players,Minor league baseball managers,New York Mets coaches,New York Mets scouts,St. Petersburg Titans baseball players,1958 births,San Diego Padres players,Buffalo Bisons (minor league) managers,New York Mets players,International League MVP award winners,Minnesota Twins players,Binghamton Mets managers,Major League Baseball third base coaches,Living people,Major League Baseball second basemen

paragraph: Tim Teufel

paragraph: Timothy Shawn Teufel (born July 7, 1958) is a former Major League Baseball second baseman. He is currently a New York Mets minor league instructor and club ambassador. Teufel was a member of the World Series champion New York Mets. Throughout his career, Teufel was also known for his batting stance, the "Teufel shuffle", in which he wiggled his buttocks back and forth before the pitcher's delivery.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Teufel attended St. Mary's High School in Greenwich, Connecticut, St. Petersburg Junior College in St. Petersburg, Florida, and Clemson University in South Carolina where he earned All American honors and participated in the College World Series as a senior in 1980. At age 19, he was drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers in the sixteenth round of the 1978 Major League Baseball Draft, but did not sign. Teufel was drafted by the Chicago White Sox in the third round of the secondary phase of the 1979 Major League Baseball Draft, but again did not sign. In the 1980 Major League Baseball Draft, Teufel was drafted in the second round and signed with the Minnesota Twins.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Minnesota Twins.

paragraph: Teufel spent all of and with the Double-A Orlando Twins. He raised his average to .282 in , earning a mid-season promotion to the Triple-A Toledo Mud Hens. In , Teufel lit up the International League with a .323 batting average, 1.022 OPS, 27 home runs and 100 runs batted in resulting in a September call-up to the major leagues. He made his major league debut on September 3 in 13-0 drubbing at the hands of Scott McGregor and the Baltimore Orioles.

paragraph: Teufel went 2-for-4 and score two runs to help the last place Twins snap a five-game losing streak on September 6. On September 16, Teufel led off the game by hitting his first major league home run off Jim Gott of the Toronto Blue Jays. His second career home run came in the eighth inning of the same game. In all, Teufel went 5-for-5 with two home runs and five runs scored in arguably the best offensive game of his career. By the end of the season, the Twins surpassed the Seattle Mariners to avoid a last place finish.

paragraph: The following season, Teufel snatched the starting second base job away from former Rookie of the Year, John Castino. In his rookie season, Teufel had 149 hits, 30 doubles, fourteen home runs, 61 RBIs, and provided solid defense at second base for the Twins. The Twins improved to 81-81 in , which was good enough for a second-place finish in the American League West. Teufel finished fourth behind Alvin Davis, Mark Langston and teammate Kirby Puckett in American League Rookie of the Year balloting.

paragraph: The Twins fell back into fifth place in . Following the season, Teufel was traded with minor leaguer, Pat Crosby to the New York Mets for Billy Beane, Bill Latham and Joe Klink.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:New York Mets.

paragraph: Although Tim had hit far better against right-handed pitchers in 1985, he was used mainly against left-handed pitchers in a platoon system with New York. Splitting time with Wally Backman, Teufel started quickly in with a go-ahead 14th inning single in his first game with the Mets (although they lost in the bottom half of the inning). His average stayed around .220 into June. On June 10, Teufel had one of the most exciting moments in the Mets championship season with a walk-off pinch-hit grand slam in the bottom of the 11th inning against the Philadelphia Phillies.

paragraph: The Mets' reputation as a rowdy bunch was punctuated on July 19 when Tim, Ron Darling, Bob Ojeda, and Rick Aguilera were arrested after a bar fight with off-duty police officers in Houston, Texas. Tim was sentenced to a year of probation and fined $200 for his part and none of the four missed any playing time, though this incident did help fuel some rivalry between the Mets and their impending 1986 National League Championship Series competitors, the Houston Astros. Teufel managed just one hit and no RBI against the Astros in the Championship Series won by the Mets in six games.

paragraph: In game one of the 1986 World Series against the Boston Red Sox, the Mets suffered a fate eerily similar to that which they suffered in game one of the against the Oakland Athletics, in which the usually sure handed Félix Millán committed a third inning error that led to both of Oakland's runs in their 2-1 victory over the Mets. With a runner on second and one out, Rich Gedman hit a ground ball to Teufel at second which Teufel misplayed, allowing the runner to score. Boston held on for the 1-0 victory.

paragraph: He hit a home run in Game five of the Series, but the Mets lost that game. For the series, Teufel batted .444 with four hits in nine at bats. The home run was the only postseason RBI and run scored of Teufel's career.

paragraph: After a poor second half, Teufel was used in just one game in the 1988 NLCS. In , hot prospect Gregg Jefferies was given most of the time at second base and Tim spent half of his time at first base. His playing time further decreased in as he played in career-lows of 80 games with 175 at-bats while shifting between first, second and third base.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:San Diego Padres.

paragraph: Teufel's average was at a paltry .118 on May 31 when the Mets traded him to the San Diego Padres for Garry Templeton, who retired after the season. Teufel hit between .220 and .250 in all three seasons with San Diego while continuing to play at all three bases defensively. On April 14, , he went 5-for-5 for the second time in his career but the Padres lost the game on their way to a 101-loss season. Teufel was granted free agency and retired after the 1993 season.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: Teufel returned to the Mets as a roving instructor for and . He was named the manager of the Mets' Rookie-level minor league Brooklyn Cyclones for and was promoted to the Single-A St. Lucie Mets for and .

paragraph: After the two seasons near .500, the Mets announced Teufel was being replaced by new Baseball Hall of Fame member, Gary Carter, for . Teufel decided to take a break from baseball for the year.

paragraph: He was named manager of the Savannah Sand Gnats on January 11, , and was a Mets' representative at the 2008 Major League Baseball Draft. He returned as St. Lucie's manager in 2008 and 2009. In 2010, in his first season managing the Double-A Binghamton Mets, he led the team to a 66-76 record and a fifth-place finish in the Eastern League. He was named manager of the Buffalo Bisons in January 2011. In 2011, he was named manager of Leones del Caracas in the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League. On November 16, 2011 he was replaced as manager by Carlos Lezcano.

paragraph: Teufel returned to the New York Mets organization as the new third base coach in 2011, replacing former coach Chip Hale. He was a vital part of their 2015 World Series team as well as their 2016 Playoff team.

paragraph: After the 2016 season, on November 15, 2016, it was announced that Teufel would be replaced by longtime D-backs coach Glenn Sherlock as the new Mets third base coach. Many fans and baseball analysts questioned his replacement, as he was part of the Mets' two most successful teams in recent years, especially considering the 2016 season was full of team injuries. On Friday, November 25, it was announced that he would be the minor league instructor and club ambassador.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: , or The Ultimate Mets Database, or Baseball Library

description: American baseball player and coach

wikidata_label: Tim Teufel

wikipedia_title: Tim Teufel


text: Ontario

text: Canada

text: farmer

text: Wellington North

text: Legislative Assembly of Ontario

text: Liberal

text: Wellington West

text: Sligo

text: Ireland

text: Peel Township

text: Wellington Centre

categories: Ontario Liberal Party MPPs,1828 births,Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario,Politicians from County Sligo,1900 deaths

paragraph: Robert McKim (Ontario politician)

paragraph: Robert McKim (1828 – January 20, 1900) was an Ontario, Canada, farmer and political figure. He represented Wellington North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal member from 1867 to 1872 and Wellington West from 1879 to 1886.

paragraph: He was born and grew up in Sligo, Ireland. In 1852, he married Margaret Shannon. He was a justice of the peace and also served as reeve for Peel Township. McKim resigned his seat in the provincial legislature in 1874 to compete unsuccessfully in Wellington Centre for a seat in the federal parliament. He was defeated in the 1875 provincial election and reelected in 1878. In 1884, McKim turned over to the speaker of the house a large sum of money that he had been paid to vote against the government. He died in Guelph in 1900.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Annals of the town of Guelph, 1827-1877"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1885" JA Gemmill

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Canada and its provinces. Volume 17", A Shortt, AG Doughtty (1914)

description: Canadian politician

wikidata_label: Robert McKim

wikipedia_title: Robert McKim (Ontario politician)


text: Italian

text: the Mafia

text: Cinisi

text: province of Palermo

text: fascist era

text: Gaetano Badalamenti

text: Cesare Manzella

text: Cesare Manzella

text: Cinisi

text: PSIUP

text: Punta Raisi Airport

text: Gaetano Badalamenti

text: Antimafia Commission

text: carabinieri

text: Proletarian Democracy

text: Christian-Democrat

text: Aldo Moro

text: Rome

text: Centro siciliano di documentazione

text: pentito

text: Antimafia Commission

text: I cento passi

text: Marco Tullio Giordana

text: Modena City Ramblers

text: ska

text: Talco

text: List of victims of the Sicilian Mafia

text: List of journalists killed in Europe

text: Caso Impastato

text: Morte di un siciliano

text: I cento passi (The Hundred Steps)

text: Peppino Impastato

categories: Italian male journalists,1948 births,20th-century Italian journalists,People from the Province of Palermo,Antimafia,Assassinated activists,Italian activists,People murdered by the Sicilian Mafia,Assassinated Italian journalists,People murdered in Italy,Assassinated radio people,Italian communists,1978 deaths

paragraph: Giuseppe Impastato

paragraph: Giuseppe "Peppino" Impastato (; January 5, 1948 – May 9, 1978), was an Italian political activist who opposed the Mafia, which ordered his murder in 1978.

paragraph: Section::::Childhood.

paragraph: Giuseppe "Peppino" Impastato was born in Cinisi, in the then province of Palermo, into a Mafia family. His father had been sent into internal exile during the fascist era, and was a close friend of Mafia boss Gaetano Badalamenti. His father's brother-in-law, Cesare Manzella, was an important mafia boss who was killed in car bomb attack in 1963. As an adolescent, "Peppino" broke off relations with his father – who kicked him out of the house – and initiated a series of political and cultural Antimafia activities.

paragraph: According to his younger brother Giovanni Impastato, Peppino's Antimafia activity might have been triggered by the brutal murder of his uncle by marriage, Cesare Manzella, who was blown to pieces by a car bomb in April 1963 when Peppino was fifteen years old. Pieces of his uncle – who was the Mafia boss of Cinisi at the time – were found stuck to lemon trees hundreds of meters from the crater where the car had been. Peppino was traumatized: "Is this really Mafia? If this is Mafia I will fight it for the rest of my life ..."

paragraph: Section::::Political activist.

paragraph: In 1965 Peppino Impastato founded the newsletter "L'idea socialista" and joined the left-wing PSIUP party (Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity). He took a leading role in the activities of the new revolutionary movements that sprung up in 1968. He led struggles by Cinisi peasants whose land had been expropriated to build the third runway at Palermo's Punta Raisi Airport, as well as disputes involving building workers and the unemployed. In 1975 he set up "Music and Culture" with other young people in Cinisi. The group organised debates, film, theatre and music shows and started a self-financed radio station named "Radio Aut" in 1976.

paragraph: Peppino Impastato used humor and satire as his weapon against the Mafia. In his popular daily radio programme "Onda pazza" (Crazy Wave) he mocked politicians and mafiosi alike. On a daily basis he exposed the crimes and dealings of mafiosi in "Mafiopoli" (Cinisi) and the activities of "Tano Seduto" (Sitting Tano), a thinly disguised pseudonym of Gaetano Badalamenti, the capomafia of Cinisi. Nevertheless, it was Peppino Impastato and his friends that were considered to be the real nuisance and 'undesirable elements' by the authorities in town, not the 'respected' men such as Badalamenti.

paragraph: Peppino's brother Giovanni declared before the Italian Antimafia Commission: "It seemed that Badalamenti was well liked by the carabinieri as he was calm, reliable, and always liked a chat. It almost felt like he was doing them a favour in that nothing ever happened in Cinisi, it was a quiet little town. If anything, we were subversives who made nuisances of ourselves. This was what the carabinieri thought. When I had a chance to speak to one of them – something which didn't happen often because I didn't really trust them – I realised that it was a widely held belief that Tano Badalamenti was a gentleman and it was us who were the trouble-makers." [...] "I often used to see them walking arm in arm with Tano Badalamenti and his henchmen. You can't have faith in the institutions when you see the police arm in arm with mafiosi."

paragraph: Impastato clearly understood the danger represented by Badalamenti, and Badalamenti clearly understood the danger of Peppino Impastato. Impastato’s struggles were too public and determined for the Mafia to allow his tireless activities to continue. Apparently, his father tried to protect him but unfortunately he was killed in a car accident in 1977, which might have been a premeditated murder. Apparently, Badalamenti waited until after Impastato’s father had died to give the order to kill Impastato.

paragraph: Section::::Murder.

paragraph: In 1978 Peppino Impastato stood as a candidate in the Cinisi council elections for Proletarian Democracy ("Democrazia proletaria"). He was killed during the election campaign on the night of May 8–9, by a charge of TNT placed under his body, which had been stretched over the local railway line – a sinister twist of fate to the car-bomb that had killed his uncle and initiated Peppino's revolt against the Mafia. The same day Christian-Democrat former Prime Minister Aldo Moro's corpse was discovered on "Via Caetani" in Rome. Two days later voters in Cinisi elected him as a councillor.

paragraph: Initially press, police and investigative magistrates considered that "Peppino" Impastato had been a left-wing terrorist who had tried to bomb a railway line, but caused his own death. After the discovery of a letter written by Impastato several months before his death, authorities started talking about suicide. Thanks to the efforts of his brother Giovanni Impastato, his mother Felicia Bartolotta Impastato (who publicly broke relations with their mafia relatives), his fellow activists, and the "Centro siciliano di documentazione" (founded in Palermo in 1977; Giuseppe Impastato's name was added to its masthead in 1980), the Mafia's responsibility for the crime would be identified after a struggle of many years.

paragraph: Following a statement made by a former member of the Cinisi Mafia, the pentito Salvatore Palazzolo who had turned state witness, and named Badalamenti as the instigator of the murder, the investigation was formally reopened in June 1996, and in November the following year an arrest warrant was issued for Badalamenti. In 1998 a committee was formed by the Italian Parliament's permanent Antimafia Commission to investigate the 'Impastato case'. On December 6, 2000, it issued a report which outlined the responsibilities of State officials in leading the investigations astray. On March 5, 2001 the Court of Assises declared Vito Palazzolo to be guilty of murder, initially handing down a thirty-year sentence, however, the Court later overturned his conviction. Gaetano Badalamenti was given a life sentence on April 11, 2002.

paragraph: Peppino’s mother, Felicia Bartolotta Impastato, reacted to the conviction in a very dignified manner: "I never have had any feelings of revenge. All I have done is call for justice for my son’s death. I have to confess that, after so many years of waiting, I had lost faith; I never thought we would reach this point. Now I feel a great deal of contentment and of satisfaction. I always knew what had happened. Badalamenti used to call my husband Luigi to complain about Peppino, and my husband begged him not to kill the boy."

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the 1994 Italian TV series "", the character of Daniele Rannisi, a young man who disavows his family connection to the Mafia and starts a satirical pirate radio show denouncing their activities, was based on Impastato.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2000, the movie "I cento passi", directed by Marco Tullio Giordana, was released about the life and death of Peppino Impastato. "I cento passi" (one hundred steps) was the distance between the Impastato's house and the house of Tano Badalamenti.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2004 the song "I cento passi" was released by Italian band "Modena City Ramblers" in the memory of Peppino Impastato.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 2011 album "La cretina commedia" by Italian "ska" band "Talco" is a concept album about the life and work of Peppino Impastato.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of victims of the Sicilian Mafia

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of journalists killed in Europe

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Behan, Tom. "Giuseppe Impastato: his actions, his murder, the investigation and the cover up", Palermo: Centro Siciliano di Documentazione "Giuseppe Impastato".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caso Impastato final report of the Italian parliamentary Antimafia Commission, December 6, 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dickie, John (2004). "Cosa Nostra. A history of the Sicilian Mafia", London: Coronet,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orioles, Riccardo, Morte di un siciliano, I Siciliani, maggio 1983

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giuseppe Impastato: l'attività, il delitto, l'inchiesta e il depistaggio Centro Siciliano di Documentazione "Giuseppe Impastato"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sicilian Centre of Documentation Giuseppe Impastato

paragraph: BULLET::::- I cento passi (The Hundred Steps) movie about the life and death of Giuseppe Impastato.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peppino Impastato

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giovanni Impastato: «Antenne, cavi, spinotti: così mio fratello Peppino sfidò don Tano Seduto», Corriere della Sera, March 8, 2007

description: Italian political activist murdered by the Mafia

wikidata_label: Giuseppe Impastato

wikipedia_title: Giuseppe Impastato


text:
ALA-LC
Berber
Algeria
sixth
President of Algeria
Batna
National Liberation Army
Cairo
Egypt
Moscow
Soviet Union
Paris
Cherchell Military Academy
Tamanrasset
Constantine
Chadli Bendjedid
Romania
High Council of State
Algerian Civil War
Air France Flight 8969
2009 presidential election
Abdelaziz Bouteflika
MEDEA: Liamine Zeroual

categories: 1941 births,Algerian Berber politicians,Ambassadors of Algeria to Romania,Presidents of Algeria,Government ministers of Algeria,People from Batna, Algeria,Algerian generals,Living people,Chaoui people

paragraph: Liamine Zéroual

paragraph: Liamine Zéroual ( ALA-LC: "al-Yamīn Zarwāl"; Berber: Lyamin Ẓerwal; born 3 July 1941) is an Algerian politician who was the sixth President of Algeria from 31 January 1994 to 27 April 1999.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Batna and joined the National Liberation Army in 1957, at the age of 16, to fight French rule of Algeria. After independence, he received training in Cairo, Egypt, then Moscow, Soviet Union (1965-1966) and finally Paris. In 1975, he took command of a military school in Batna, then in 1981 of the Cherchell Military Academy. He was then made commander of the Tamanrasset military region in 1982, then the Moroccan border in 1984, then Constantine in 1987. He became a general in 1988, then head of ground forces in 1989.

paragraph: After disagreeing with President Chadli Bendjedid about proposals for army reorganisation, he quit in 1989, and briefly became ambassador to Romania. However, after Bendjedid's forced resignation in January 1992, his career prospects became more promising. In July 1993, he became Minister of Defense; in January 1994 he was promoted to head of the High Council of State. In November 1995, he was elected President, a post which he retained until the next elections. He was reputed to be politically dialoguist, supporting a partly negotiated solution to the Algerian Civil War. On December 25, 1994, Zéroual reluctantly allowed hijacked Air France Flight 8969 to leave Algerian territory after 3 civilians, including a French embassy chef, were murdered by the four hijackers.

paragraph: Although some urged Zéroual to run in the 2009 presidential election, he said in a published statement on 14 January 2009 that he would not run, while also suggesting that it was not in the best interests of democracy for President Abdelaziz Bouteflika to run for a third term.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MEDEA: Liamine Zeroual

description: President of Algeria

wikidata_label: Liamine Zéroual

wikipedia_title: Liamine Zéroual


text:
Swedish
Jean Baptiste Bernadotte
Charles XIII
Sweden
Charles August
Swedish government
Örebro
Riksdag of the Estates
Crown Prince
Generalissimus
Swedish Armed Forces
Désirée
Désirée Clary
Charles XIV of Sweden
Napoleon

categories: Swedish nobility,19th-century Swedish people,1781 births,Swedish courtiers,1869 deaths

paragraph: Carl Otto Mörner

paragraph: Baron Carl Otto Mörner (22 May 1781 – 17 August 1868) was a Swedish courtier, and member of the Diet. He is chiefly remembered for his role in advocating for Frenchman Jean Baptiste Bernadotte's succession to the Swedish crown in 1810.

paragraph: Section::::Role in the succession to Charles XIII of Sweden.

paragraph: In 1810 King Charles XIII of Sweden was childless and the crown prince Charles August had died of a stroke. Baron Mörner, entirely on his own initiative, offered the succession to the Swedish crown to Bernadotte. Although the Swedish government, amazed at Mörner's effrontery, placed him under arrest, the candidature of Bernadotte gradually gained favor and on 21 August 1810 in Örebro Bernadotte was elected by the Riksdag of the Estates to be the new Crown Prince, and was subsequently made Generalissimus of the Swedish Armed Forces by the King. He was crowned Charles XIV of Sweden on 5 February 1818.

paragraph: Section::::In film.

paragraph: Baron Mörner is a character in Désirée, a 1954 historical film biography. The film tells a fictionalized story of Désirée Clary, spouse of Charles XIV of Sweden, and her relationship with Napoleon.

description: Swedish noble

wikidata_label: Carl Otto Mörner

wikipedia_title: Carl Otto Mörner