text: R&B

text: rock

text: soul

text: funk

text: gospel

text: Little Richard

text: Sam Cooke

text: Ray Charles

text: Rev. James Cleveland

text: The Beatles

text: That's the Way God Planned It

text: Outa-Space

text: Will It Go Round in Circles

text: Space Race

text: Nothing from Nothing

text: With You I'm Born Again

text: You Are So Beautiful

text: Joe Cocker

text: George Harrison

text: Eric Clapton

text: the Rolling Stones

text: Houston

text: Los Angeles

text: child prodigy

text: Mahalia Jackson

text: Nat King Cole

text: NBC

text: Fats Domino

text: Blueberry Hill

text: St. Louis Blues

text: W. C. Handy

text: Nat King Cole

text: Little Richard

text: Hamburg

text: Sam Cooke

text: Night Beat

text: SAR

text: The Most Exciting Organ Ever

text: Shindig!

text: Ray Charles

text: the Beatles

text: Brian Epstein

text: The Washington Post

text: Fifth Beatle

text: "Get Back" sessions

text: John Lennon

text: Paul McCartney

text: Let it Be

text: its rooftop concert

text: Tony Sheridan

text: I Want You (She's So Heavy)

text: Something

text: Robert Stigwood

text: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

text: album of the same name

text: Apple

text: That's the Way God Planned It

text: title song from which

text: My Sweet Lord

text: Encouraging Words

text: All Things Must Pass

text: the Concert for Bangladesh

text: North America

text: Concert for George

text: Royal Albert Hall

text: Ringo Starr

text: Herb Alpert

text: A&M Records

text: Stephen Stills

text: love the one you're with

text: self-titled

text: I Wrote a Simple Song

text: Outa-Space

text: instrumental

text: clavinet

text: funk

text: "Billboard" Hot 100

text: Billboard

text: R&B

text: Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance

text: gold disc

text: RIAA

text: blaxploitation

text: Slaughter

text: Jim Brown

text: Will It Go Round in Circles

text: Give Me Love (Give Me Peace on Earth)

text: Nothing from Nothing

text: Space Race

text: American Bandstand

text: Dick Clark

text: the Rolling Stones

text: Nicky Hopkins

text: Ian Stewart

text: Sticky Fingers

text: Exile on Main St.

text: Goats Head Soup

text: It's Only Rock 'n Roll

text: Black and Blue

text: Mick Taylor

text: 1973 European tour

text: Munich

text: Live European Tour 1973

text: Bruce Fisher

text: You Are So Beautiful

text: Saturday Night Live

text: Mick Jagger

text: Wandering Spirit

text: Tattoo You

text: Bridges to Babylon

text: Motown

text: Syreeta Wright

text: With You I'm Born Again

text: Luther Vandross

text: Whitney Houston

text: Patti LaBelle

text: Nightlife

text: talk show

text: David Brenner

text: alcohol

text: cocaine

text: no-contest pleas

text: sexual assault

text: drug rehabilitation

text: house arrest

text: insurance fraud

text: Eric Clapton

text: Ringo Starr

text: his 1990 live album

text: The Band

text: Stan Szelest

text: Novecento

text: Lino and Pino Nicolosi

text: UPN

text: Good News

text: Blues Brothers 2000

text: the Louisiana Gator Boys

text: throat cancer

text: Concert for George

text: Royal Albert Hall

text: Isn't It a Pity

text: Hammond organ

text: Johnny Cash

text: Personal Jesus

text: Tear-Stained Letter

text: the Funk Brothers

text: Steve Winwood

text: Legends Rock

text: Sam Moore

text: jazz organist

text: Genius Loves Company

text: Here We Go Again

text: Norah Jones

text: American Idol

text: fourth season

text: With You I'm Born Again

text: Vonzell Solomon

text: anime

text: clavinet

text: Red Hot Chili Peppers

text: Stadium Arcadium

text: Neil Diamond

text: 12 Songs

text: The Road to Escondido

text: J. J. Cale

text: The Concert for Bangladesh

text: Dhani Harrison

text: gospel

text: That's the Way God Planned It

text: John Lennon

text: God

text: You Are So Beautiful

text: homosexuality

text: sexual orientation

text: Keith Richards

text: in the closet

text: BBC Radio 4

text: Amos 'n' Andy

text: Sly Stone

text: There's a Riot Goin' On

text: cocaine

text: London

text: kidney disease

text: hypertension

text: Malibu, California

text: pericarditis

text: Scottsdale, Arizona

text: Miles Davis

text: Get Up with It

text: Nothing from Nothing

text: Be Kind Rewind

text: BBC Radio

text: Yes

text: Rick Wakeman

text: The New York Times Magazine

text: 2008 Universal fire

text: Live European Tour 1973

text: A&M Records

text: Exodus Records

text: Peacock Records

text: Myrrh Records

text: Myrrh Records

text: Night Beat

text: Sam Cooke

text: Little Richard

text: A Black Man's Soul

text: Ike Turner

text: Get Back

text: Don't Let Me Down

text: The Beatles

text: Abbey Road

text: Let It Be

text: All Things Must Pass

text: George Harrison

text: John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band

text: John Lennon

text: God

text: Sticky Fingers

text: The Rolling Stones

text: The Concert for Bangladesh

text: There's a Riot Goin' On

text: Sly and the Family Stone

text: Live at Fillmore West

text: King Curtis

text: Aretha Franklin

text: Barbra Joan Streisand

text: Barbra Streisand

text: Exile on Main St.

text: Wind of Change

text: Peter Frampton

text: Ringo

text: I'm the Greatest

text: Oh My My

text: Goats Head Soup

text: Dark Horse

text: George Harrison

text: Goodnight Vienna

text: clavinet

text: Only You

text: It's Only Rock 'n Roll

text: You Are So Beautiful

text: Joe Cocker

text: Extra Texture (Read All About It)

text: Little Richard

text: Thirty Three & 1/3

text: No Reason to Cry

text: Eric Clapton

text: Black and Blue

text: Love You Live

text: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

text: Tattoo You

text: Gone Troppo

text: Til My Baby Comes Home

text: Luther Vandross

text: Little Richard

text: Down and Out in Beverly Hills

text: Little Richard

text: Little Richard

text: Steppin' Up

text: Hank Crawford

text: Jimmy McGriff

text: Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band

text: Jovanotti

text: Fender Rhodes

text: Show Me Your Soul

text: Red Hot Chili Peppers

text: Nino D'Angelo

text: Wandering Spirit

text: Mick Jagger

text: Use Me

text: I've Been Lonely for So Long

text: Jephté Guillaume

text: Donnie McClurkin

text: Love Brought Me Back

text: Helen Baylor

text: El Equilibrio de los Jaguares

text: Jaguares

text: Hammond B3

text: Peace Beyond Passion

text: Me'shell Ndegeocello

text: Bridges to Babylon

text: Saint of Me

text: Juana La Loca

text: Undiscovered Soul

text: Richie Sambora

text: The Harsh Light of Day

text: Fastball

text: Songs from the West Coast

text: Elton John

text: Everybody Got Their Something

text: Nikka Costa

text: Clavinet

text: Reptile

text: One More Car, One More Rider

text: Travelogue

text: Joni Mitchell

text: Johnny Cash

text: Personal Jesus

text: Donnie

text: Concert for George

text: Isn't It a Pity

text: My Sweet Lord

text: Get Born

text: Jet

text: Me and Mr. Johnson

text: Crossroads Guitar Festival

text: Genius Loves Company

text: Ray Charles

text: That's Life

text: Julia Fordham

text: 12 Songs

text: Neil Diamond

text: Back Home

text: Choose Love

text: Rebecca Pidgeon

text: Stadium Arcadium

text: The Road to Escondido

text: J. J. Cale

text: Overnight Sensational

text: Sam Moore

text: I Can't Stand the Rain

text: You Are So Beautiful

text: Howard Hewett

text: Billy Preston's official site

text: Fox News "'Fifth Beatle' Billy Preston Dies at 59" June 6, 2006

text: The Complete Apple Records

text: In-depth biographical obituary about Preston and his work

categories: A&M Records artists,African-American rock musicians,African-American Christians,Rhythm and blues pianists,African-American singer-songwriters,People from Topanga, California,The Rolling Stones,Plastic Ono Band members,American male film actors,LGBT musicians from the United States,American male pianists,American organists,LGBT songwriters,20th-century American singers,American male child actors,American soul singers,American rock keyboardists,African-American pianists,American funk keyboardists,American soul keyboardists,LGBT African Americans,American rock singers,Kidney transplant recipients,Singers from Los Angeles,Male organists,Grammy Award winners,Apple Records artists,Musicians from Houston,1946 births,American rock songwriters,21st-century American singers,American pop singers,LGBT people from California,American funk singers,American pop pianists,American male singer-songwriters,LGBT singers,American expatriates in the United Kingdom,American Pentecostals,Gay actors,Sue Records artists,Deaths from kidney failure,American session musicians,LGBT people from Texas,21st-century American male actors,The Beatles,Gay musicians,Male actors from Los Angeles,LGBT Pentecostals,African-American male actors,21st-century American keyboardists,Male actors from Houston,2006 deaths,African-American male composers,American singer-songwriters,Musicians from Los Angeles County, California,Vee-Jay Records artists,Members of the Church of God in Christ,African-American male child actors,African-American composers,American child singers,American rhythm and blues singers,American rhythm and blues keyboardists,American male songwriters,Kings of Rhythm members,Burials at Inglewood Park Cemetery,Motown artists,Songwriters from Texas,20th-century American male actors,Songwriters from California

paragraph: Billy Preston

paragraph: William Everett Preston (September 2, 1946 – June 6, 2006) was an American musician whose work encompassed R&B, rock, soul, funk, and gospel. Preston was a top session keyboardist in the 1960s, during which he backed artists such as Little Richard, Sam Cooke, Ray Charles, Rev. James Cleveland and The Beatles. He went on to achieve fame as a solo artist, with hit singles such as "That's the Way God Planned It", "Outa-Space", "Will It Go Round in Circles", "Space Race", "Nothing from Nothing" and "With You I'm Born Again". Additionally, Preston co-wrote "You Are So Beautiful", which became a number 5 hit for Joe Cocker.

paragraph: Preston was one of five musicians credited on a Beatles recording other than the group's four members. Preston continued to record and perform with other artists, notably George Harrison after the Beatles' breakup, and Eric Clapton, and he played keyboards for the Rolling Stones on many of the group's albums and tours during the 1970s.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Preston was born on September 2, 1946 in Houston and moved to Los Angeles as a child with his mother, Robbie Lee Williams. Noted as a child prodigy, Preston was entirely self-taught and never had a music lesson. By the age of ten, he was playing organ onstage backing several gospel singers such as Mahalia Jackson. Aged 11, Preston appeared on an episode of Nat King Cole's NBC network TV show singing the Fats Domino hit "Blueberry Hill" with Cole. He also appeared in "St. Louis Blues", the 1958 W. C. Handy biopic starring Nat King Cole; Preston played Handy at a younger age.

paragraph: In 1962, Preston joined Little Richard's band as an organist, and it was while performing in Hamburg that he met the Beatles. In 1963, he played the organ on Sam Cooke's "Night Beat" album and released his own debut album, "16 Yr Old Soul", for Cooke's SAR label. In 1965, he released the album "The Most Exciting Organ Ever" and performed on the rock and roll show "Shindig!" In 1967, he joined Ray Charles' band. Following this exposure, several musicians began asking Preston to contribute to their sessions.

paragraph: Section::::Relationship with the Beatles.

paragraph: Preston first met the Beatles as a 16-year-old in 1962, while part of Little Richard's touring band, when their manager Brian Epstein organized a Liverpool show, at which the Beatles opened. "The Washington Post" explained their subsequent meeting:

paragraph: Preston is one of several people referred to as the "Fifth Beatle". At one point during the "Get Back" sessions, John Lennon proposed the idea of having him join the band (to which Paul McCartney countered that it was difficult enough reaching agreements with four). Preston played organ and electric piano for the Beatles during several of the "Get Back" sessions; some of these sessions appeared in the film "Let it Be" and on its companion album. Preston also accompanied the band on electric piano for its rooftop concert, the group's final public appearance. In April 1969, their single "Get Back" was credited to "The Beatles with Billy Preston", the only time such a joint credit had been given on an official Beatles-sanctioned release (as distinct from an unsanctioned reissue of some Hamburg-era recordings on which they were the backing group for Tony Sheridan). The credit was bestowed by the Beatles to reflect the extent of Preston's presence on the track; his electric piano is prominent throughout and he plays an extended solo. Preston also worked, in a more limited role, on the "Abbey Road" album, contributing organ to the tracks "I Want You (She's So Heavy)" and "Something".

paragraph: In 1978, he appeared as Sgt. Pepper in Robert Stigwood's film "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band", which was based on the Beatles' album of the same name, and sang and danced to "Get Back" as the penultimate song.

paragraph: Section::::Post-Beatles solo career.

paragraph: Signed to the Beatles' Apple label, in 1969, Preston released the album "That's the Way God Planned It", produced by Harrison, the title song from which was a hit single in Britain. His relationship with Harrison continued after the Beatles' break-up in 1970; Preston was the first artist to record Harrison's subsequent international hit "My Sweet Lord", on his 1970 album "Encouraging Words", which Harrison co-produced with him. He appeared on several of Harrison's 1970s solo albums, starting with "All Things Must Pass"; made a notable contribution to the Concert for Bangladesh, the Harrison-organized 1971 charity benefit; performed with the ex-Beatle on his 1974 tour of North America; and played at the 2002 Concert for George tribute, held at London's Royal Albert Hall. Preston also worked on solo releases by Lennon and Ringo Starr.

paragraph: In 1971, Preston left Apple and signed with Herb Alpert's A&M Records. The previous year, he contributed to another hit single when Stephen Stills asked to use Preston's phrase "if you can't be with the one you love, love the one you're with", a song on Stills' self-titled debut solo album.

paragraph: Following the release of "I Wrote a Simple Song" on A&M, Preston's solo career peaked at this time, beginning with 1972's "Outa-Space", an instrumental track that further popularized the sound of the clavinet in funk music. The song reached number 2 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and topped "Billboard"s R&B chart, before going on to win the Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance. "Outa-Space" sold over 1 million copies in America, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA in June 1972. Later that year, Preston contributed the title song to the hit blaxploitation film "Slaughter" starring Jim Brown.

paragraph: Over the next two years, Preston followed up with the US chart-topping singles "Will It Go Round in Circles" (which displaced Harrison's "Give Me Love (Give Me Peace on Earth)" at the top on 7 July 1973) and "Nothing from Nothing", and the number 4 hit "Space Race". Each of the three singles sold in excess of 1 million copies. "American Bandstand" host and executive producer Dick Clark enjoyed "Space Race" so much that he used the instrumental for the mid-show break for virtually the remainder of its run.

paragraph: From 1970, Preston played keyboards (including piano, organ, clavinet and various synthesizers) for the Rolling Stones, sometimes alongside pianists Nicky Hopkins and Ian Stewart, on their albums "Sticky Fingers", "Exile on Main St.", "Goats Head Soup", "It's Only Rock 'n Roll" and "Black and Blue". As the band's primary touring keyboardist from 1973 to 1977, he also performed as a support act with his own band (including Mick Taylor on guitar) on their 1973 European tour. A Munich performance from this tour was documented on Preston's album "Live European Tour 1973". In 1974, along with Bruce Fisher, one of his regular songwriting collaborators in the 1970s, he composed one of Joe Cocker's biggest hits, "You Are So Beautiful". On October 11, 1975, he was the first musical guest on "Saturday Night Live"s series premiere episode. Preston's 1973 song "Do You Love Me" was the basis for the Rolling Stones' track "Melody", released on "Black and Blue" in 1976. Although two of his songs were included in the band's 1975 and 1976 live sets, the Stones and Preston parted company in 1977, mainly due to a disagreement over money. He continued to play on solo records by Stones members like Mick Jagger's "Wandering Spirit", and made appearances on the band's "Tattoo You" and "Bridges to Babylon".

paragraph: After seven years with A&M, he signed with Motown. In 1979, he duetted with Syreeta Wright on the ballad "With You I'm Born Again", which reached number 4 on the charts in the US. Preston left Motown in 1984 and focused on session work, contributing to works by artists such as Luther Vandross (his organ solos were included on Vandross' 1985 hit "Til My Baby Comes Home"), Whitney Houston and Patti LaBelle, among others. He served as musical director for "Nightlife", a late-night talk show hosted by David Brenner that lasted one season from 1986 to 1987.

paragraph: Section::::Legal troubles.

paragraph: In 1991, Preston was treated for alcohol and cocaine addictions. In the same year, he was also arrested for sexually assaulting a 16-year-old Mexican boy, after picking him up at a gathering point for day laborers. After submitting to a drug test, he tested positive for cocaine. He entered no-contest pleas to the cocaine and sexual assault charges, and was sentenced to nine months at a drug rehabilitation center and three months of house arrest. In 1998, Preston was arrested and convicted for insurance fraud after setting fire to his own house in Los Angeles.

paragraph: Preston overcame his problems in the early 1990s, toured with Eric Clapton, recorded with Gary Walker, one of the vocalists in his Los Angeles-based band, and worked with a wide range of other artists. He also toured with Ringo Starr, appearing on his 1990 live album. He was invited to become a member of The Band in 1991, after the death of piano player Stan Szelest. He performed on tour with the group, but the sentencing from his cocaine and sexual assault charges ended the collaboration.

paragraph: Section::::Later work.

paragraph: In 1997, Billy Preston recorded the album "You and I", in Italy, with Italian band Novecento. The album was produced by Vaughn De Spenza and Novecento members Lino and Pino Nicolosi. In 1998, Preston played organ during the choir numbers on the UPN comedy show "Good News". The same year he sang and played synthesizer in the film "Blues Brothers 2000", as part of the Louisiana Gator Boys supergroup.

paragraph: On November 29, 2001, while touring and fighting his own health problems, Preston received the news that George Harrison had died, having long suffered from throat cancer. Preston, among many of Harrison's longtime friends, performed in the 2002 Concert for George at the Royal Albert Hall in London. Preston's performance of "My Sweet Lord" received critical acclaim. Additionally, he sang "Isn't It a Pity", provided backing vocals on most of the other songs, and played the Hammond organ for the show.

paragraph: In 2002, Preston appeared on the Johnny Cash album "", playing piano on "Personal Jesus" and "Tear-Stained Letter".

paragraph: In 2004, Preston toured with the Funk Brothers and Steve Winwood in Europe, and then with Clapton in Europe and North America. After the Clapton tours, he went to France, where he was featured in one episode of the "Legends Rock TV Show." His performance included a duet with Sam Moore on "You Are So Beautiful"; this was Preston's last filmed concert.

paragraph: In 2004, Preston performed as a jazz organist on Ray Charles' "Genius Loves Company", an album of duets, on the song "Here We Go Again" with Charles and Norah Jones.

paragraph: In March 2005, he appeared on the "American Idol" fourth season finale. Playing piano, he performed "With You I'm Born Again" with Vonzell Solomon (who finished the contest in third place). The same year, he recorded "Go Where No One's Gone Before", the main title song for the anime series "".

paragraph: Preston played clavinet on the song "Warlocks" for the Red Hot Chili Peppers album "Stadium Arcadium" (2006). Although very ill by this point, he jumped out of his bed after hearing a tape of the song given to him by the band, recorded his part, and went back to bed. Preston's final recorded contributions were the gospel-tinged organ on the Neil Diamond album "12 Songs" (2005), and his keyboard work on "The Road to Escondido" (2006) by Eric Clapton and J. J. Cale.

paragraph: In late 2005, Preston made his last public performance, in Los Angeles, to publicize the re-release of the 1972 documentary film "The Concert for Bangladesh". He played a set of three Harrison songs – "Give Me Love", "My Sweet Lord" and "Isn't It a Pity" – with Dhani Harrison and Starr joining on guitar and drums, respectively, for the last song.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Billy Preston was brought up in the African-American gospel tradition; he was a committed Christian throughout his life and he openly expressed his faith in works such as his 1970s hit "That's the Way God Planned It". However, his personal beliefs were sometimes at odds with the attitudes and musical expressions of the secular world of rock & roll in which he often worked; while he was apparently willing to put his religious views aside when working on tracks like John Lennon's openly atheistic song "God". Preston was also deeply attached to his mother, for whom he wrote the song that became his best-known composition, "You Are So Beautiful".

paragraph: Although the details did not become fully known to the general public until after his death, Preston struggled throughout his life to cope with his homosexuality, and the lasting effects of the traumatic sexual abuse he suffered as a boy. Although his sexual orientation became known to friends and associates in the music world (such as Keith Richards), Preston did not publicly come out as gay until just before he died. This was reportedly partly due to the fact that he felt that it conflicted with his deeply held religious beliefs and his lifelong association with the church, so he remained "in the closet" until shortly before his death. Keith Richards' autobiography, "Life", mentions Billy Preston's struggles with his sexuality.

paragraph: In an interview for a 2010 BBC Radio 4 documentary on his life and career, Preston's manager Joyce Moore revealed that after she began handling his affairs, Preston opened up to her about the lifelong trauma he had suffered as the result of being sexually abused as a boy. Preston told Moore that at about the age of nine, after he and his mother moved to Los Angeles from Houston to perform in a touring production of "Amos 'n' Andy", he was repeatedly abused by the touring company's pianist. When Preston told his mother about the abuse, she did not believe him, and failed to protect him. The abuse subsequently went on for the entire summer, and Preston stated that he was also later abused by a local pastor.

paragraph: Another traumatic incident, which reportedly affected Preston deeply, occurred in the early 1970s, while he was engaged to actress/model Kathy Silva. At this time Preston had become close friends with musician Sly Stone, and made many contributions to Stone's recordings of the period (including the landmark album "There's a Riot Goin' On"). According to Moore, Preston was devastated when he came home one day to find Stone in bed with Silva (who later famously married Stone on stage at Madison Square Garden). According to Moore, Silva's affair with Stone was the trigger that led Preston to stop having relationships with women. It was after this incident that he began abusing cocaine and having sex with men, and Moore has stated that she saw his drug abuse as his way of coping with the internal conflicts he felt about his sexual urges.

paragraph: Preston lived in London for a time, possibly around 1969–1971, but he moved back to the US sometime in the early 1970s.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Preston had suffered kidney disease in his later years, brought on by his hypertension. He received a kidney transplant in 2002, but his health continued to deteriorate. He had voluntarily entered a drug rehabilitation clinic in Malibu, California, at the suggestion of guitarist Is'real Benton, and suffered pericarditis there, leading to respiratory failure that left him in a coma from November 21, 2005. Preston died on June 6, 2006, in Scottsdale, Arizona.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Miles Davis' 1974 album "Get Up with It" features a track called "Billy Preston" in his honor. Ringo Starr, speaking during the rehearsals for the Concert for George in 2002, called Preston one of the greatest Hammond players of all time.

paragraph: His song Nothing from Nothing was featured in the soundtrack of the 2008 film Be Kind Rewind.

paragraph: In his introduction to the 2010 BBC Radio program "Billy Preston: That's the Way God Planned It", former Yes keyboardist Rick Wakeman said of Preston: "Every keyboard player I know loves Billy Preston. You can spot his playing a mile off, whether it's the Hammond organ, the Fender Rhodes or the piano. He had such a "spiritual" touch to his technique, it made him completely unique."

paragraph: On June 25, 2019, "The New York Times Magazine" listed Billy Preston among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Live album.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974: "Live European Tour 1973" (A&M Records)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Gospel albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965: "Hymns Speak From the Organ" (Vee Jay Records, VJLP-5083; 1966 reissue: Exodus Records, EX-53)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973: "Gospel in My Soul" (Peacock Records, PLP-179; reissue of "Hymns Speak From the Organ")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978: "Behold!" (Myrrh Records, MYR-1070)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980: "Universal Love" (Myrrh Records, MYR-1080; MSB-6607)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: "Ministry of Music" (King James, KJ-8502; D&K Records, D&K 86003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "Words and Music"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "Music From My Heart" (MCG Records, MCG-7026)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Charted albums.

paragraph: Footnotes:

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As a guest/session performer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963: "Night Beat" (Sam Cooke)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965: "I Don't Know What You Got (But It's Got Me)" (Little Richard)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969: "A Black Man's Soul" (Ike Turner)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969: "Get Back" and "Don't Let Me Down" (The Beatles)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969: "Abbey Road" (The Beatles)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970: "Let It Be" (The Beatles)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970: "All Things Must Pass" (George Harrison)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970: "John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band" (John Lennon) – piano on "God"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971: "Sticky Fingers" (The Rolling Stones)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971: "The Concert for Bangladesh" (George Harrison and Friends)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971: "There's a Riot Goin' On" (Sly and the Family Stone)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971: "Live at Fillmore West" (King Curtis and Aretha Franklin)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971: "Barbra Joan Streisand" (Barbra Streisand) – keyboards and drums

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972: "Exile on Main St." (The Rolling Stones)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972: "Wind of Change" (Peter Frampton) – piano, keyboards, harpsichord, accordion

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973: "Ringo" (Ringo Starr) – organ on "I'm the Greatest" and "Oh My My"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973: "Goats Head Soup" (The Rolling Stones)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974: "Dark Horse" (George Harrison) – electric piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974: "Goodnight Vienna" (Ringo Starr) – clavinet on the title track, electric piano on "Only You"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974: "It's Only Rock 'n Roll" (The Rolling Stones)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975: "You Are So Beautiful" (Joe Cocker)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975: "Extra Texture (Read All About It)" (George Harrison) – electric piano on "His Name Is Legs (Ladies And Gentlemen)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975: “Steal Miss Liza (Steal Liza Jane)” (Little Richard )

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976: "Thirty Three & 1/3" (George Harrison)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976: "No Reason to Cry" (Eric Clapton)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976: "Black and Blue" (Rolling Stones)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976: "Love You Live" (Rolling Stones)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978: "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" – also acted the part "Sgt. Pepper" in the film

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981: "Tattoo You" (Rolling Stones)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982: "Gone Troppo" (George Harrison)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: "Til My Baby Comes Home" (Luther Vandross) – organ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986: "Great Gosh A'Mighty (Been a Long Time Comin')" – co-written with Little Richard – from the film "Down and Out in Beverly Hills" (sung by Little Richard)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986: “Big House Reunion” (Little Richard)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987: "Steppin' Up" - Hank Crawford and Jimmy McGriff - piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990: "Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band" – keyboards and vocals

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990: "Giovani Jovanotti" (Jovanotti) – keyboards and Fender Rhodes

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990: "Show Me Your Soul" - Red Hot Chili Peppers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991: "...E La Vita Continua" (Nino D'Angelo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: "Wandering Spirit" (Mick Jagger) – "Sweet Thing", "Out of Focus", "Use Me", "Wandering Spirit" and "I've Been Lonely for So Long".

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "Voyage of Dreams" (Jephté Guillaume and the Tet Kale Orkestra) – organ, strings on "Al Di Yo", "Go Tell Them", "Kanpe", "Get Up"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "Donnie McClurkin" (Donnie McClurkin) – organ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "Love Brought Me Back" (Helen Baylor) – organ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "El Equilibrio de los Jaguares" (Jaguares) – organ /Hammond B3 on "Detrás de los Cerros"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "Peace Beyond Passion" (Me'shell Ndegeocello) – keyboards on "Deuteronomy: Niggerman"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Bridges to Babylon" (The Rolling Stones) – organ on "Saint of Me"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Estas en mí" (Juana La Loca) – piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: "Undiscovered Soul" (Richie Sambora)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: "The Harsh Light of Day" (Fastball) – keyboards on "You're An Ocean"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "Songs from the West Coast" (Elton John) – Hammond organ on "I Want Love", "The Wasteland", "Love Her Like Me"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "Everybody Got Their Something" (Nikka Costa) – Clavinet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "Reptile" (Eric Clapton)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "One More Car, One More Rider" (Eric Clapton, live) – DVD includes live performance of "Will It Go Round in Circles"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Travelogue" (Joni Mitchell) – Hammond B3 on the track "You Dream Flat Tires"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "" (Johnny Cash) – piano on "Tear Stained Letter" and "Personal Jesus"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "The Colored Section" (Donnie) – Hammond B3 on the last track: "The Colored Section"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Concert for George" – including "Isn't It a Pity" and "My Sweet Lord"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Get Born" (Jet)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Me and Mr. Johnson" (Eric Clapton) – also appears in the DVD companion "Sessions for Robert J"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Crossroads Guitar Festival" (Eric Clapton)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Genius Loves Company" (Ray Charles)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "That's Life" (Julia Fordham)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "12 Songs" (Neil Diamond)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Back Home" (Eric Clapton)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Choose Love" (Ringo Starr)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "The Concert for Bangladesh" (George Harrison and Friends) (re-mastered version and video)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Tough on Crime" (Rebecca Pidgeon) – keyboards

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Stadium Arcadium" (Red Hot Chili Peppers) – "Warlocks"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "The Road to Escondido" (Eric Clapton, J. J. Cale)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Overnight Sensational" (Sam Moore) - Hammond B3 on "I Can't Stand the Rain" and sings and plays on "You Are So Beautiful"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Reach" (Is'real Benton) – organ on "Have a Good Time"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Imagine" (Howard Hewett) – organ

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Citations

paragraph: Sources

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Billy Preston's official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fox News "'Fifth Beatle' Billy Preston Dies at 59" June 6, 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Complete Apple Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- [ Allmusic.com "Billy Preston"]

paragraph: BULLET::::- In-depth biographical obituary about Preston and his work from NewYorkNightTrain.com

description: American R&B musician

wikidata_label: Billy Preston

wikipedia_title: Billy Preston


text:
king
Zhou dynasty
China
ancestral name
Ji
King Wen of Zhou
Taisi
Bo Yikao
King Zhou
Shang dynasty
Book of Rites
Jili
Jiang Ziya
Shang dynasty
Yellow River
Mengjin ford
ancestral tablet
King Wen
Battle of Muye
feudal states
King Cheng
Duke of Zhou
three of his brothers
Han dynasty
Yellow Emperor
Yu the Great
King Wen of Zhou
Tai Si
Qi
Great Duke of Qi
King Cheng of Zhou
Yu
Tang
Han
Duke Hu of Chen
Duke Yǐ of Qi
Family tree of ancient Chinese emperors

categories: 11th-century BC Chinese monarchs,1043 BC deaths,Shang dynasty people,Investiture of the Gods characters,Zhou dynasty kings

paragraph: King Wu of Zhou

paragraph: King Wu of Zhou () was the first king of the Zhou dynasty of ancient China. The chronology of his reign is disputed but is generally thought to have begun around 1046 BC and ended three years later in 1043 BC.

paragraph: King Wu's ancestral name was Ji () and given name Fa (). He was the second son of King Wen of Zhou and Queen Taisi. In most accounts, his older brother Bo Yikao was said to have predeceased his father, typically at the hands of King Zhou, the last king of the Shang dynasty; in the "Book of Rites", however, it is assumed that his inheritance represented an older tradition among the Zhou of passing over the eldest son. (Fa's grandfather Jili had likewise inherited Zhou despite two older brothers.)

paragraph: Upon his succession, Fa worked with his father-in-law Jiang Ziya to accomplish an unfinished task: overthrowing the Shang dynasty. In 1048 BC, Fa marched down the Yellow River to the Mengjin ford and met with more than 800 dukes. He constructed an ancestral tablet naming his father Chang King Wen and placed it on a chariot in the middle of the host; considering the timing unpropitious, though, he did not yet attack Shang. In 1046 BC, King Wu took advantage of Shang disunity to launch an attack along with many neighboring dukes. The Battle of Muye destroyed Shang's forces and King Zhou of Shang set his palace on fire, dying within.

paragraph: King Wu the name means "Martial" followed his victory by establishing many feudal states under his 16 younger brothers and clans allied by marriage, but his death three years later provoked several rebellions against his young heir King Cheng and the regent Duke of Zhou, even from three of his brothers.

paragraph: A burial mound in Zhouling town, Xianyang, Shaanxi was once thought to be King Wu's tomb. It was fitted with a headstone bearing Wu's name in the Qing dynasty. Modern archeology has since concluded that the tomb is not old enough to be from the Zhou dynasty, and is more likely to be that of a Han dynasty royal. The true location of King Wu's tomb remains unknown, but is likely to be in the Xianyang-Xi'an area.

paragraph: Wu is considered one of the great heroes of China, together with Yellow Emperor and Yu the Great.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parents:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chang (), known as King Wen of Zhou

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tai Si, of the Youshen lineage of the Si clan ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Queens:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yi Jiang, of the Lü lineage of the Jiang clan of Qi (), the first daughter of the Great Duke of Qi; the mother of Song and Yu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Song (; 1060–1020 BC), ruled as King Cheng of Zhou from 1042–1021 BC

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second son, ruled as the Monarch of Yu (), the ancestor of the surname Yu (于)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third son, Prince Yu (), ruled as the Marquis of Tang from 1042 BC

paragraph: BULLET::::- A son who ruled as the Marquis of Ying ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- A son who ruled as the Marquis of Han

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- First daughter, Da Ji ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Married Duke Hu of Chen (1071–986 BC)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Youngest daughter, personal name Lan ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Married Duke Yǐ of Qi (d. 933 BC)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Family tree of ancient Chinese emperors

description: king of Zhou dynasty China

wikidata_label: King Wu of Zhou

wikipedia_title: King Wu of Zhou


text:
Zhou dynasty
King Zhao
Quanrong
China
state of Xu
Fenghao
Kunlun
Tale of King Mu, Son of Heaven
King Gong of Zhou
Chinese myth
immortal
Peaches of Immortality
Zaofu
Liezi
Wade–Giles
King Zhao of Zhou
King Gong of Zhou
King Xiao of Zhou
Xu
Family tree of ancient Chinese emperors

categories: Zhou dynasty kings,10th-century BC Chinese monarchs

paragraph: King Mu of Zhou

paragraph: King Mu of Zhou () was the fifth king of the Zhou dynasty of China. The dates of his reign are 976–922 BC or 956–918 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: King Mu came to the throne after his father King Zhao’s death during his tour to the South. King Mu was perhaps the most pivotal king of the Zhou dynasty, reigning nearly 55 years, from ca. 976 BC to ca. 922 BC. Mu was more ambitious than wise, yet he was able to introduce reforms that changed the nature of the Zhou government, transforming it from a hereditary system to one that was based on merit and knowledge of administrative skills.

paragraph: During Mu’s reign, the Zhou Dynasty was at its peak, and Mu tried to stamp out invaders in the western part of China and ultimately expand Zhou’s influence to the east. In the height of his passion for conquests, he led an immense army against the Quanrong, who inhabited the western part of China. His travels allowed him to contact many tribes and swayed them to either join under the Zhou banner or be conquered in war with his army. This expedition may have been more of a failure than a success, judging by the fact that he brought back only four white wolves and four white deer. Unintentionally and inadvertently, he thus sowed the seeds of hatred which culminated in an invasion of China by the same tribes in 771 BC. In his thirteenth year the Xu Rong, probably the state of Xu in the southeast, raided near the eastern capital of Fenghao. The war seems to have ended in a truce in which the state of Xu gained land and power in return for nominal submission.

paragraph: However, despite his success, traditional historiography viewed him with controversy. While some praise his victories against the Qun Rong, others criticized him for from his time, the fourth border state no longer entered into a relationship with the Zhou Dynasty. Even still, the Shang Shu credited him with establishing the first systematic legal code in China.

paragraph: Mu was reputed in narratives to have lived until the age of 105 and to have traveled to the mythical mountain known as Kunlun - a popular later work is the "Tale of King Mu, Son of Heaven".

paragraph: His successor was his son King Gong of Zhou.

paragraph: Section::::In mythology.

paragraph: One Chinese myth tells a story about Mu, who dreamed of becoming an immortal. He was determined to visit the divine paradise of Kunlun and taste the Peaches of Immortality. A brave charioteer named Zaofu used his chariot to carry the king to his destination. The "Tale of King Mu, Son of Heaven", a fourth-century BC romance, describes Mu’s visit to the Queen Mother of the West.

paragraph: Section::::Automaton.

paragraph: In the 3rd century BC text of the "Liezi", there is a curious account on automata involving a much earlier encounter between Mu of Zhou and a mechanical engineer known as Yan Shi, an 'artificer'. The latter proudly presented the king with a life-size, human-shaped figure of his mechanical 'handiwork' (Wade–Giles spelling):

paragraph: "The king stared at the figure in astonishment. It walked with rapid strides, moving its head up and down, so that anyone would have taken it for a live human being. The artificer touched its chin, and it began singing, perfectly in tune. He touched its hand, and it began posturing, keeping perfect time... As the performance was drawing to an end, the robot winked its eye and made advances to the ladies in attendance, whereupon the king became incensed and would have had Yen Shih (Yan Shi) executed on the spot had not the latter, in mortal fear, instantly taken the robot to pieces to let him see what it really was. And, indeed, it turned out to be only a construction of leather, wood, adhesive and lacquer, variously coloured white, black, red and blue. Examining it closely, the king found all the internal organs complete—liver, gall, heart, lungs, spleen, kidneys, stomach and intestines; and over these again, muscles, bones and limbs with their joints, skin, teeth and hair, all of them artificial... The king tried the effect of taking away the heart, and found that the mouth could no longer speak; he took away the liver and the eyes could no longer see; he took away the kidneys and the legs lost their power of locomotion. The king was delighted."

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parents:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crown Prince Xia (; 1027–977 BC), ruled as King Zhao of Zhou from 995–977 BC

paragraph: BULLET::::- Queen Fang, of the Qi clan ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Queens:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wang Zu Jiang, of the Jiang clan ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concubines:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sheng Ji, of the Ji clan of Cheng (), a royal of Cheng by birth; buried with queenly honours

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crown Prince Yihu (; d. 900 BC), ruled as King Gong of Zhou from 921–900 BC

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Bifang (; d. 886 BC), ruled as King Xiao of Zhou from 891–886 BC

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Baozong (), ruled as the Viscount of Xu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- A daughter whose personal name was Shuqie ()

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Needham, Joseph (1986). "Science and Civilization in China: Volume 2". Taipei: Caves Books Ltd.

alias:
Zhou Muwang
Mu of Zhou

description: King of Zhou Dynasty

wikidata_label: King Mu of Zhou

wikipedia_title: King Mu of Zhou


text: Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church

text: cardinalate

text: College of Cardinals

text: L'Aquila

text: military

text: World War I

text: Gold Medal of Military Valour

text: liceo classico

text: chemistry

text: University of Munich

text: Sapienza University

text: doctorate in law

text: legal procurator

text: Court of Appeals

text: Holy Orders

text: Pontifical Gregorian University

text: Pontifical Roman Seminary

text: Pontifical Lateran University

text: doctorate in canon law

text: ordained

text: Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy

text: attaché

text: Secretariat of State of the Holy See

text: pastoral

text: Legion of Mary

text: Domestic Prelate of His Holiness

text: Apostolic Nuncio to Germany

text: Titular Archbishop

text: Antiochia in Pisidia

text: Pope John XXIII

text: episcopal consecration

text: Petrus Canisius Van Lierde

text: OSA

text: co-consecrators

text: Sistine Chapel

text: Second Vatican Council

text: Pro-Prefect

text: Pope Paul VI

text: Cardinal-Deacon

text: S. Maria in Portico

text: consistory

text: College of Cardinals

text: Curial

text: congregation

text: cardinal electors

text: conclaves

text: August

text: October 1978

text: Popes John Paul I

text: John Paul II

text: influenza

text: Pius XI Clinic

text: Cardinal Ratzinger

text: funeral Mass

text: baptized

text: Catholic-Hierarchy

text: The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

categories: Italian centenarians,Diplomats of the Holy See,Apostolic Nuncios to West Germany,1903 births,2005 deaths,Members of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints,Sapienza University of Rome alumni,Italian cardinals,People from L'Aquila,Pontifical Gregorian University alumni,Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI,Pontifical Lateran University alumni,Participants in the Second Vatican Council,Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni,Pontifical Roman Seminary alumni

paragraph: Corrado Bafile

paragraph: Corrado Bafile (4 July 1903 – 3 February 2005) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints from 1975 to 1980, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1976. At the time of his death, he was the oldest member of the College of Cardinals.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: The youngest of the twelve children, Bafile was born in L'Aquila, Abruzzo, to physician Vincenzo Bafile and his wife Maddalena Tedeschini D'Annibale. His brother was a military hero who died in World War I, and was posthumously awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valour. He attended the liceo classico in L'Aquila before studying chemistry at the University of Munich in Germany. Following his father's death, Bafile entered Sapienza University in Rome, from where he obtained a doctorate in law in 1926. Once he passed the examination for a legal procurator, he was registered with the Court of Appeals of L'Aquila in June 1927.

paragraph: Section::::Priesthood.

paragraph: Bafile later decided to pursue Holy Orders in 1932, and then studied philosophy at the Pontifical Gregorian University for a year before attending the Pontifical Roman Seminary and Pontifical Lateran University, earning a doctorate in canon law. He was ordained to the priesthood on 11 April 1936, and then furthered his studies at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy until 1939.

paragraph: Bafile was an attaché of the Secretariat of State of the Holy See and did pastoral work in Rome from 1939 to 1960. During this time, he also served as chaplain to the Abruzzi community in Rome and to the Legion of Mary. He was raised to the rank of Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on 24 June 1954.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopal career.

paragraph: On 13 February 1960, Bafile was appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Germany and Titular Archbishop of Antiochia in Pisidia on 13 February 1960 by Pope John XXIII. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 19 March from John XXIII himself, with Archbishop Diego Venini and Bishop Petrus Canisius Van Lierde, OSA, serving as co-consecrators, at the Sistine Chapel. He attended the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965, and was later named Pro-Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints on 18 July 1975.

paragraph: Pope Paul VI created him Cardinal-Deacon of "S. Maria in Portico" in the consistory of 24 May 1976. Having been elevated to the College of Cardinals, Bafile then became full Prefect of his Curial congregation. He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II, respectively. Bafile retired from the prefecture on 27 June 1980, and lost the right to participate in any future conclaves upon reaching age 80 on 4 July 1983.

paragraph: He died from complications with influenza at the Pius XI Clinic in Rome, at age 101. Cardinal Ratzinger presided over his funeral Mass before he was buried at his family's tomb in his native L'Aquila. His remains were later transferred to the church where he was baptized.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic-Hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

paragraph: BR

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Corrado Bafile

wikipedia_title: Corrado Bafile


text:
name popularly given
Brittany
maid of honour
Catherine de' Medici
duke of Anjou
Charles IX
arranged marriage
Elizabeth I of England
Marie of Cleves
Voivode of Transylvania
Earl of Leicester
Antoine Duprat
provost
Count of Brienne
Louise of Lorraine
Florentine
Henri d'Angoulême

categories: French nobility,16th-century French people,French people of Breton descent,French maids of honour,Mistresses of French royalty

paragraph: La Belle Châteauneuf

paragraph: "La Belle Châteauneuf" (fl. 16th C.) was the name popularly given to Renée de Rieux, daughter of Jean de Rieux, seigneur de Châteauneuf, who was descended from one of the greatest families of Brittany. The dates of her birth and death are unknown.

paragraph: She was maid of honour to France's queen mother, Catherine de' Medici, and inspired an ardent passion in the duke of Anjou, brother of Charles IX. This intrigue deterred the duke from agreeing to an arranged marriage with Elizabeth I of England; but he soon abandoned "la Châteauneuf" for Marie of Cleves (1571). The court then wished to find a husband for her, whose singular beauty gave her an influence which the queen-mother feared, and matches were in turn suggested with the Voivode of Transylvania, the Earl of Leicester; with Antoine Duprat, provost of Paris; and with the Count of Brienne, all of which came to nothing.

paragraph: Ultimately, Renée was banished from the court on the ground that she had been lacking in respect toward the queen, Louise of Lorraine. She married a Florentine named Antinotti, whom she stabbed in a fit of jealousy (1577); then she remarried, her husband being Philip Altoviti, who in 1586 was killed in a duel by the Grand Prior Henri d'Angoulême, who was himself mortally wounded.

alias:
Renata de Rieux
La Belle Chateauneuf

description: mistress of French king Henry III)

wikidata_label: La Belle Châteauneuf

wikipedia_title: La Belle Châteauneuf


text:
Spanish
singer
songwriter
actress
producer
Danish
British
Alex y Christina
Christina y Los Subterráneos
sexism
Lee Ranaldo
guitarist
Sonic Youth
New York City
Smells Like Records
Premio Nacional de Música
Huacho, Peru
Frozen Pool
Smells Like Records
Nacho Vegas
About Christina
Official website

categories: 21st-century Spanish singers,Alternative rock singers,Alternative rock guitarists,English-language singers from Spain,20th-century guitarists,Spanish singer-songwriters,Singers from Madrid,Spanish female musicians,Spanish female singer-songwriters,21st-century guitarists,20th-century Spanish singers,20th-century women singers,21st-century women singers,Spanish rock singers,Spanish people of Danish descent,Living people,Spanish people of English descent,1964 births,Spanish television presenters,Spanish guitarists,Rock en Español musicians,Indie rock musicians,Female rock singers

paragraph: Christina Rosenvinge

paragraph: Christina Rosenvinge Hepworth (born May 29, 1964) is a Spanish singer-songwriter, actress and producer, born to Danish parents, Hans Jørgen Christian Rosenvinge, and Danish/British, mother Daphne Ankerstjerne Hepworth.

paragraph: A veteran of the music industry with a career spanning more than thirty years she was a member of the Spanish groups Alex y Christina and Christina y Los Subterráneos, which were very popular bands before she started a much more risky solo career . Rosenvinge has spoken about facing sexism within the industry and is a vocal critic of it. Lee Ranaldo, the guitarist of Sonic Youth produced one of her albums right before she moved to New York City in 1999. She recorded three albums in english edited by Smells Like Records before moving back to Spain where she has become a revered artist. She is considered "one of the voices of reference of Spanish music in this first decade of the 21st century." In 2018 she had been honoured with Premio Nacional de Música.

paragraph: Rosenvinge tours regularly in Spain, Mexico and South America . It was in a trip to Huacho, Peru that she wrote her song "La Tejedora."

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Alex y Christina.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alex y Christina" (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El ángel y el diablo" (1989)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Christina y Los Subterráneos.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Que me parta un rayo" (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mi pequeño animal" (1994)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cerrado" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flores raras" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Frozen Pool" (January 16, 2001) Smells Like Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Foreign Land" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Continental 62" (February 20, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alguien que cuide de mí - Grandes éxitos" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Verano fatal" (2007) with Nacho Vegas

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tu labio superior" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tu labio inferior" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La joven Dolores" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Un caso sin resolver" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lo Nuestro" (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Un hombre rubio" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- About Christina

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: Spanish/danish songwriter musician singer

wikidata_label: Christina Rosenvinge

wikipedia_title: Christina Rosenvinge


text:
pharaoh
Egypt
17th Dynasty
Eastern Desert
Temple of Monthu
Medamud
Abydos
Nubemhat
Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
Senakhtenre Ahmose
Sobekemsaf Shedtawy
Sobekemsaf II
Djehuti
Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
Kim Ryholt
Nubkheperre Intef
Senakhtenre
Seqenenre
Kamose
Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
Nubkheperre Intef
Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
Sobekemsaf II
Minemhat
Coptos
Hornakht
Seqenenre
Second Intermediate Period
Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
Nubkheperre Intef
Sobekemsaf II

paragraph: Sobekemsaf I

paragraph: Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I was a pharaoh of Egypt during the 17th Dynasty. He is attested by a series of inscriptions mentioning a mining expedition to the rock quarries at Wadi Hammamat in the Eastern Desert during his reign. One of the inscriptions is explicitly dated to his Year 7. He also extensively restored and decorated the Temple of Monthu at Medamud where a fine relief of this king making an offering before the gods has survived.

paragraph: Sobekemsaf I's son—similarly named Sobekemsaf after his father—is attested in Cairo Statue CG 386 from Abydos which depicts this young prince prominently standing between his father's legs in a way suggesting that he was his father's chosen successor. Sobekemsaf's chief wife was Queen Nubemhat; she and their daughter (Sobekemheb) are known from a stela of Sobekemheb's husband, a Prince Ameni, who might have been a son of Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef or possibly Senakhtenre Ahmose.

paragraph: The "burial equipment of Sobekemsaf W[adjkhaw] does not contain his prenomen, but can nevertheless be assigned with certainty to this king" since the tomb of Sobekemsaf Shedtawy "was thoroughly robbed in antiquity" by tomb robbers as recorded in Papyrus Abbott III 1-7. On this basis, Kim Ryholt assigns a large heart-scarab, "which was, and indeed still is, set in a large gold mount" containing the name of 'Sobekemsaf' to Sekhemre Wadjkhau Sobekemsaf I here since the tomb robbers would not overlook such a large object on the mummy of the king if it came from Sobekemsaf II's tomb. For much the same reason, a wooden canopic chest also bearing the name 'Sobekemsaf' on it has also been attributed to this king by Ryholt and Aidan Dodson. In contrast to the extensive damage that might have been expected had the chest been in the burned and looted tomb of Sobekemsaf II, ""the damage suffered by Cat. 26 (i.e., Sobekemsaf I's chest) is minor, consistent with what it might have suffered at the hands of Qurnawi dealers"."

paragraph: Section::::Position within the 17th dynasty.:After the Intef kings.

paragraph: Aidan Dodson dates Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf's reign after those of Djehuti and Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef. First he remarks that Sobekemsaf's canopic chest is slightly larger—4.1 cm longer and 3.4 cm higher—than the canopic chests belonging to the latter two kings. He also points to the fact that the inscriptions on Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf's box were "written vertically, rather than in the horizontal arrangement found on those of Djehuti and Sekhemre Wepmaet [Intef]."

paragraph: The Danish Egyptologist Kim Ryholt similarly dated Sobekemsaf I's reign after those of Sekhmre-Wepmaat Intef and Nubkheperre Intef. First, he remarked that a "king's son Antefmose" (or Intefmose) is praised by a king Sobekemsaf for his role during a festival of Sokar on statuette BM EA 13329. But according to Ryholt "in any case the name Antefmose is basilophorous" and so the king Sobekemsaf who praised him must have been a successor" of the Intef kings, "to one of whom the name (Antefmose) refers." Furthermore, since Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I's son and presumable successor was also named Sobekemsaf rather than Intef, Ryholt concluded that this king must have ruled after the Intef kings.

paragraph: Secondly, Ryholt suggested that Sobekemsaf Wadjkaw ruled after Nubkheperre Intef because while the former ruler carried out extensive restoration works at the temple of Monthu at Medamud, "there is no trace" of Nubkheperre Intef there. For Ryholt, this "may suggest that this temple was restored and put into service again only after Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf reign". Consequently, Ryholt concluded that Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf ruled after Nubkheperre Intef and should be numbered as Sobekemsaf II.

paragraph: Section::::Position within the 17th dynasty.:Before the Intef kings.

paragraph: At the opposite end, Daniel Polz, who rediscovered Nubkheperre Intef's tomb at Dra Abu el Naga' in 2001, argues that Nubkheperre Intef ruled very late in the 17th dynasty. This means that Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf could not have reigned between the Intef line of kings and the final three 17th dynasty Ahmoside family of kings (Senakhtenre, Seqenenre and Kamose). From inscriptions found on a doorjamb discovered in the remains of a 17th Dynasty temple at Gebel Antef on the Luxor-Farshut road, it is known today that Nubkheperre Intef and, by implication, his brother and immediate predecessor on the throne —Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef— were sons of one of the two Sobekemsaf kings. This king was most likely Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf II since Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf's son was also named Sobekemsaf. Ryholt's interpretation of the lineage here has also been accepted by the British Egyptologist Aidan Dodson.

paragraph: Polz also accepts this view but he placed Nubkheperre Intef just prior to the three final Ahmoside kings of the 17th dynasty in his 2003 book. Since then, he has inserted Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef as a short-lived successor of Nubkheperre before Senakhtenre but his hypothesis remains essentially the same: Polz maintains that Sekemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I was the father of Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf. Indeed, this king's son is known from the statue at Abydos to have also held the name Sobekemsaf and is designated as this king's successor on the same statue. Polz states that this is the most plausible reconstruction of the relationship between the two kings with the name Sobekemsaf in the 17th dynasty. Hence, Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf would be Sobekemsaf II —Sobekemsaf I's son and successor— while Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef and Nubkheperre Intef would be grandsons of Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I. This ultimately implies that Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf ruled early in the 17th dynasty, before the Intef kings and that he must be numbered Sobekemsaf I.

paragraph: Polz's hypothesis and placement of Nubkheperre Intef as one of the last kings in the Sobekemsaf-Intef family line is also supported "by the evidence of the box of Minemhat, who was governor of Coptos" in Year 3 of Nubkheperre Intef. This box "was part of the funerary equipment of an Hornakht (formerly known as 'Aqhor' in the past literature) who lived under Seqenenre." While no one knows precisely when Hornakht died, the fact that his funerary equipment contained a box which belonged to Minemhat suggests that Nubkheperre Intef and Seqenenre Tao ruled closely in time and that their reigns should not be separated by the intrusion of various other long lived kings of the 17th dynasty such as Sekhemre Wajdkhaw Sobekemsaf I who is attested by a Year 7 inscription. As the late Middle Kingdom German Egyptologist Detlef Franke (1952–2007) succinctly wrote in a journal article which was published in 2008—a year after his death:

paragraph: In addition, Polz argued that Ryholt's rejection of the evidence in Cairo Statue CG 386—which named king Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf's son as another Sobekemsaf—in not giving any indication of the sequence of the known 17th dynasty Theban rulers is untenable. While Ryholt acknowledges in his 1997 book on the Second Intermediate Period that Anthony Spalinger suggested the prince Sobekemsaf who is attested in "a statue from Abydos (Cairo CG 386)" and "has the additional title of prophet, may be identical with Sobkemsaf II Sekhemreshedtawy", Ryholt simply writes that:

paragraph: Polz notes that although Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf ruled in a time during the Second Intermediate Period when few documentary sources exist, one cannot simply accept Ryholt's theory that Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I's son and designated successor did not succeed his own father as the next king merely because Ryholt's hypothesis did not allow another Sobekemsaf to follow Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf on the throne due to his theory of the succession of 17th dynasty kings as being: Sekhemre-Shedtawy Sobekemsaf-Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef-Nubkheperre Intef-Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef-Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf-Senakhtenre-etc. Indeed, Polz stresses rather that it is more logical to view Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I as a predecessor of the Intef line of kings instead; his known son, the Prince Sobekemsaf on Cairo Statue CG 386, would then be the future king Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf II and father of two of the three Intef kings: Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef and Nubkheperre Intef based on a doorjamb found on the Luxor-Farsut road in 1992-93 (the doorjamb mentions a king Sobekem[saf] as the father of Nubkheperre Intef--"[Nubkheperre] Antef/[Intef] begotten of Sobekem..."—but this king must be king Sobekemsaf II since Sobekemsaf Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf's son was named Sobekemsaf based on Cairo Statue CG 386).

paragraph: Section::::Polz's critique of Ryholt's view on Intefmose.

paragraph: Daniel Polz also rejected Ryholt's arguments that the praise which a certain king Sobekemsaf lavished onto a king's son named Antefmose or Intefmose on statuette BM EA 13329 has any chronological implications regarding the temporal position of this king after the Intef kings. Polz writes that Ryholt's so-called Point 3:

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: Pharaoh of Egypt

wikidata_label: Sobekemsaf I

wikipedia_title: Sobekemsaf I


text:
Miskolc
Budapest
Hungarian
Balassagyarmat
Debrecen
ELTE
Budapest
Mihály Babits
Lajos Mikes
Nyugat
Baumgarten Award
Shakespeare
Timon of Athens
As You Like It
Macbeth
Troilus and Cressida
Coleridge
Ancient Mariner
Kubla Khan
Baudelaire
Les Fleurs du mal
Árpád Tóth
François Villon
Grand Testament
Molière
L'École des femmes
Goethe
The Sorrows of Young Werther
Thomas Hardy
Tess of the d'Urbervilles
Verlaine
Tyutchev
Pushkin
Krylov
Kleist
Mörike
Nietzsche
George
Rilke
Benn
Weinheber
World War II
Gyula Gömbös
Lillafüred
Joseph Goebbels
Carl Rothe
József Nyírő
Kossuth Prize

categories: Translators to Hungarian,20th-century Hungarian male writers,People from Miskolc,20th-century translators,20th-century poets,1957 deaths,National Peasant Party (Hungary) politicians,1900 births,Hungarian poets,Male poets

paragraph: Lőrinc Szabó

paragraph: Lőrinc Szabó de Gáborján ( ; Miskolc, 31 March 1900 – Budapest, 3 October 1957) was a Hungarian poet and literary translator.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Miskolc as the son of an engine driver, Lőrinc Szabó sr., and Ilona Panyiczky. The family moved to Balassagyarmat when he was 3 years old. He attended school in Balassagyarmat and Debrecen. He studied at the ELTE in Budapest where he befriended Mihály Babits. He didn't finish his studies; instead he began to work for the literary periodical "Az Est" in 1921, shortly after he married Klára Mikes, the daughter of Lajos Mikes. He worked there until 1944. Between 1927 and 1928 he was a founder and editor of the periodical "Pandora".

paragraph: His first published poems appeared in the 1920s in the "Nyugat" ("The West"). His first book of poetry was published in 1922 under the title "Föld, erdő, Isten" ("Earth, Forest, God") and received considerable success. He got the Baumgarten Award in 1932, 1937 and 1943. As a translator, he translated several works of Shakespeare ("Timon of Athens" in 1935, "As You Like It" in 1938, "Macbeth" in 1939, "Troilus and Cressida" in 1948); Coleridge's "Ancient Mariner" and "Kubla Khan", Baudelaire's "Les Fleurs du mal" (together with Babits and Árpád Tóth); François Villon's "Grand Testament", Molière's "L'École des femmes", Goethe's "The Sorrows of Young Werther", Thomas Hardy's "Tess of the d'Urbervilles", and works of Verlaine, Tyutchev, Pushkin, Krylov, Kleist, Mörike, Nietzsche, George, Rilke, Benn and Weinheber.

paragraph: He fought in World War II, met Gyula Gömbös and at a literary congress at Lillafüred he emphasized the beauty of war poetry. In 1942 Lőrinc Szabó joined the ""Europäische Schriftstellervereinigung"" (i.e. "European Writers' League") which had been founded by Joseph Goebbels. Today his correspondence with its head secretary Carl Rothe shows their close friendship. Szabó became the speaker of Hungarian section of the European Writers' League after József Nyírő and published articles in the organisation's magazine ""Europäische Literatur"" (i.e. "European Literature").

paragraph: This led to him being considered right-wing, and because of this, after the war he was left out of cultural life and could publish only translations, not his own works. His importance was recognised only shortly before his death, when he received the Kossuth Prize. He died of a heart attack.

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.

paragraph: Several of his poems were written to his children "Lóci" and "Klári", while in other poems he remembers his own childhood.

paragraph: In 1950 his long-time girlfriend Erzsébet Korzáti committed suicide. His sonnet cycle "The 26th Year" was written in her memory. it was published in 1957.

paragraph: Section::::Books of poetry.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Föld, erdő, Isten ("Earth, Forest, God", 1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kalibán ("Caliban", 1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fény, fény, fény ("Light, Light, Light", 1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Sátán műremekei ("Masterpieces of Satan", 1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Te meg a világ ("You and the World", 1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Különbéke ("Separate Peace", 1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harc az ünnepért ("Fight for the Holiday", 1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Régen és most ("Then and Now", 1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tücsökzene ("Cricket Song", 1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- A huszonhatodik év ("The 26th Year", 1957)

description: Hungarian poet

wikidata_label: Lőrinc Szabó

wikipedia_title: Lőrinc Szabó


text: first-class cricket

text: Yorkshire County Cricket Club

text: Lancashire

text: Test matches

text: England

text: Wisden Cricketers of the Year

text: Leeds

text: Yorkshire

text: England

text: Middlesex

text: benefit match

text: South Australia

text: Australia

text: Sydney

text: Bolton

text: Heaton

text: Bolton

text: Lancashire

text: CricketArchive page on Albert Ward

text: Cricinfo page on Albert Ward

categories: Yorkshire cricketers,C. I. Thornton's XI cricketers,Players cricketers,English cricketers,England Test cricketers,North v South cricketers,Cricketers from Leeds,1865 births,Wisden Cricketers of the Year,Lancashire cricketers,1939 deaths

paragraph: Albert Ward (cricketer, born 1865)

paragraph: Albert Ward (21 November 1865 – 6 January 1939) was an English first-class cricketer, who played first-class cricket for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1886, and for Lancashire between 1889 and 1904. Ward also played seven Test matches for England, and was named as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1890.

paragraph: Ward was born in Waterloo, Leeds, Yorkshire, England. He played four matches for Yorkshire, and his debut was against Middlesex at Bradford Park Avenue in 1886, where he made his highest score of 22. In total he played 330 matches between 1889 and 1904, with his benefit match in 1902 being worth £1,739. He scored 1,000 runs in a season nine times. The best being in 1900, when he scored 1,511 at average of 37.77. Ward's highest first-class score was 219 for the Stoddart team against South Australia, at Adelaide in 1895. His highest Test score was 117 versus Australia, made in Sydney in 1894.

paragraph: He was an opening batsman with a powerful defence, who drove the ball hard, but preferred to play defensive roles. He was also a good outfielder.

paragraph: A school teacher by profession, Ward also owned a sports outfitters shop in Bolton at one time. His early cricket was with Hunslet C.C.

paragraph: Ward died in Heaton, Bolton, Lancashire, England.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- CricketArchive page on Albert Ward

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cricinfo page on Albert Ward

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photograph of the last resting place of Albert Ward

description: English Test and County cricketer

wikidata_label: Albert Ward

wikipedia_title: Albert Ward (cricketer, born 1865)


text:
PC (I)
Anglo-Irish
London
called to the Bar
Richard West
Irish Bar
Solicitor-General for Ireland
Lord Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer
Lord Chancellor of Ireland
King George II
Penal Laws
Irish Catholics
Roman Catholic
riot
Taghmon
Irish House of Commons
Lord Santry
murder
Irish House of Lords
peerage of Ireland
Clonlyon
County of Meath
Christchurch Cathedral, Dublin

categories: Members of the Privy Council of Ireland,Irish MPs 1727–1760,Barons in the Peerage of Ireland,Chief Barons of the Irish Exchequer,Anglo-Irish people,Lord Chancellors of Ireland,Peers of Ireland created by George II,1691 births,Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Wexford constituencies,Attorneys-General for Ireland,1767 deaths,Solicitors-General for Ireland

paragraph: John Bowes, 1st Baron Bowes

paragraph: John Bowes, 1st Baron Bowes PC (I) (1691 – 22 July 1767) was an Anglo-Irish peer, politician and judge. He was noted for his great legal ability, but also for his implacable hostility to Roman Catholics.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born in London, son of Thomas Bowes, a merchant, and was called to the Bar in 1712. He came to Ireland as a member of the staff of Richard West, the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, in 1723. He built up a large practice at the Irish Bar; was appointed Solicitor-General for Ireland in 1730, and Attorney-General in 1739. He was raised to the Bench as Lord Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer in 1741. He was appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland by King George II in 1757.

paragraph: John Bowes epitomized the severity of the 18th century Penal Laws against Irish Catholics when he ruled that: “The law does not suppose any such person to exist as an Irish Roman Catholic, nor could such a person draw breath without the Crown's permission." Such views, given that Roman Catholics made up more than 90% of the Irish population, inevitably made him bitterly unpopular, and in 1760 he was attacked during a riot outside the House of Commons. In spite of his religious bigotry he was considered one of the outstanding judges of his time.

paragraph: Between 1731 and 1742, he represented Taghmon in the Irish House of Commons.

paragraph: He was considered one of the finest speakers of his time; his speech for the prosecution at the trial of Lord Santry, charged with murder in 1739, was described by those who heard it as a masterpiece of eloquence and logic, and led to the Irish House of Lords bringing in a unanimous verdict of guilty against Santry.

paragraph: He was raised to the peerage of Ireland in 1758 as Baron Bowes, of Clonlyon in the County of Meath.

paragraph: He died in Dublin on 22 July 1767, and was buried in Christchurch Cathedral, Dublin. He never married, and his title became extinct on his death.

description: Irish politician

wikidata_label: John Bowes, 1st Baron Bowes

wikipedia_title: John Bowes, 1st Baron Bowes


text:
Zürich guilds
Fraumünster
knight
Zünfte
Rapperswil
Battle of Grynau
Count Johann II of Rapperswil
Rapperswil Castle
Swiss Confederacy
Grossmünster
Fraumünster
Huldrych Zwingli
reformation

categories: 1290s births,1360 deaths,Mayors of Zürich

paragraph: Rudolf Brun

paragraph: Rudolf Brun (1290s – 17 September 1360) was the leader of the Zürich guilds' revolution of 1336, and the city's first independent mayor.

paragraph: Since 1234, Zürich had been governed by an aristocratic council. One third of the council's members were representatives of the nobility, and two thirds were drawn from the city's patriciate, consisting mainly of influential merchants. The city's mayor was appointed from among these by the abbess of the influential Fraumünster.

paragraph: Rudolf was the son of Jakob Brun, a member of the city council, and of Mechthild. He was married to Margaretha Fütschi, daughter of Ulrich, another councillor. Rudolf was himself a member of the council from 1332 to 1336.

paragraph: Brun overthrew the former city council with the help of the city's craftsmen in June 1336. According to the new constitution, the council was now composed of 26 members, of whom 13 were of the "Konstaffel", consisting of the former patriciate; at least seven of these were required to hold knighthood. The remaining 13 councillors were the guild masters of the city's 13 guilds ("Zünfte"). In this sense, Brun's reform was not so much a revolution as the creation of a balance of power between the patriciate and the guilds.

paragraph: Brun reserved for himself the title of mayor for life, and he dominated the council until his death in 1360.

paragraph: In 1337, Brun defeated his political opponents, who had retreated to Rapperswil, at the Battle of Grynau. In 1349, Brun led a massacre of the Jewish community of Zurich, seizing many of the spoils for himself. An attempted coup by the aristocratic opposition was forcefully put down in 1350, Count Johann II of Rapperswil, the opposition's leader, was arrested, and the town walls of Rapperswil and Rapperswil Castle were destroyed by Brun. Zürich under Brun joined the Swiss Confederacy in 1351.

paragraph: A result of Brun's revolution was a decrease of the influence of the city's two monasteries, the Grossmünster and the Fraumünster, which had dominated Zürich throughout the Middle Ages.

paragraph: The Fraumünster abbesses, traditionally women of the highest nobility, did retain considerable political influence, however, and the process was only completed with Huldrych Zwingli's reformation in the 1520s, in the course of which the monasteries were shut down.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Largiadèr, "Bürgermeister R. Brun und die Zürcher Revolution von 1336" (1936)

description: Swiss politician, - 1360

wikidata_label: Rudolf Brun

wikipedia_title: Rudolf Brun


text:
Turkish
folk music
lyricist
ashik
bağlama
Yaşar Kemal
Kırşehir
Muharrem Ertaş
Bolu
Ankara
bağlama
Istanbul
Beyoğlu
Turkish Radio
türkü
Turkish community in Germany
saz
Harbiye Open-Air Theatre
standing ovation
copyright laws in Turkey
Abdal
Turkish Grand National Assembly
State Medal of Distinguished Service
UNESCO
Living Human Treasure
honorary doctorate
Istanbul Technical University
Izmir
Ahi Evran
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Ertuğrul Günay
Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu
Orhan Gencebay
Arif Sağ
will

categories: 2012 deaths,Turkish male singers,Turkish expatriates in Germany,Turkish folk musicians,1938 births,Turkish folk singers,Deaths from cancer in Turkey,People from Çiçekdağı,Bağlama players,Turkish folk poets

paragraph: Neşet Ertaş

paragraph: Neşet Ertaş (1938 – 25 September 2012) was a Turkish folk music singer, lyricist, modern ashik and virtuoso of the traditional Turkish instrument the bağlama. His profession in Turkish is known as "halk ozanı", which literally means "folk bard". Yaşar Kemal gave Ertaş his nickname, "Bozkırın Tezenesi" (literally: "Plectrum of the Steppe"), writing it in a book he gave him as a gift.

paragraph: Section::::Early years and family life.

paragraph: Neşet Ertaş was born in 1938, in Kırtıllar, a village in Kırşehir. His father, Muharrem Ertaş, was also a folk poet his mother, Döne Koç, was Muharrem's second wife, his first wife, Hatice, having died early. Neşet was the second eldest of four children; he had an older half-brother, Necati, from his father's first marriage and two younger sisters, Ayşe and Nadiye.

paragraph: His mother Döne also died early, and his father married again, to Arzu. From this third marriage four sons, Ekrem, Ali, Muharrem and Cemal, were born.

paragraph: Neşet married Leyla, a singer from Bolu, in 1960 in Ankara, where the two had met while performing at a night club. She bore him two daughters and a son. The couple divorced after ten years of marriage.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.

paragraph: At the age of five and six, Neşet Ertaş started to play first the violin and then the bağlama, the Turkish national instrument. His father earned his living by playing at wedding ceremonies in Central Anatolian villages, and for eight years Neşet accompanied him. As a result, he was not able to finish primary school.

paragraph: At the age of fourteen, Neşet Ertaş went to Istanbul, where he played at a night club in Beyoğlu. After two years, he moved to Ankara to continue his stage career there. He applied to the state-owned Turkish Radio (TRT) station in Ankara and began performing türkü, Turkish folk songs, on a daytime programme called "Yurttan Sesler" (literally: "Sounds of Hometown") under the name "Neşet Ertaş of Kırşehir". At the same time, he played in night clubs at night.

paragraph: He became very popular and gave concerts in many cities, in some cases six or seven times. His compositions and recordings made him renowned. But then in 1978, his fingers became paralysed. He soon became penniless and had no means of paying for treatment, since he had no other marketable skills. So in 1979 he went to Germany, where his brother was living. There, he recovered from his paralysis, and started again to perform music at wedding ceremonies and local events attended by members of the Turkish community in Germany. He also took his three children there. A German school of arts offered him a teaching post for saz playing. He accepted and served for two years in this position.

paragraph: During his time in Germany, Ertaş dedicated himself to his children's education, and he was almost forgotten in his country. However, pirates continued to profit from playing his music and lyrics in Turkey. In the beginning of 2000, he protested openly against the TRT, which had stated that he was dead.

paragraph: After 23 years, he returned home and was welcomed by crowds. The audience at his first concert, which took place at the Harbiye Open-Air Theatre in Istanbul, gave him a standing ovation to his great surprise, a great success after 30 years of absence. This was followed by tours around the country and free concerts. He experienced again the pleasure of meeting the people of his homeland. However, he rejected the title of "State Artist" which the Turkish state wanted to award him, saying, "I am already an artist of this state."

paragraph: Ertaş's first record was released in 1957. During his career, he recorded more than 30 albums. It is claimed that due to flawed copyright laws in Turkey, he did not fully benefit from his poems, music and audio recordings.

paragraph: He interpreted musical pieces of the Abdal-Turkoman tradition, following his father. With his forceful baglama, his warm voice and his pure and simple language, Neşet Ertaş gathered the people of Central Anatolia first, and then the entire country.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: In 2006, the Turkish Grand National Assembly rewarded him the State Medal of Distinguished Service, which he accepted, in his words, "on behalf of [his] ancestry".

paragraph: In 2010, Neşet Ertaş was honoured with the UNESCO "National Living Human Treasure" award.

paragraph: On April 25, 2011, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by Istanbul Technical University.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: Ertaş died on 25 September 2012 at the age of 74 in a hospital in Izmir after being taken in two weeks previously for cancer treatment. His body was flown to Ankara, from where it was transported to Çiçekdağı in Kırşehir Province. After the religious funeral held in Ahi Evran Mosque, which was attended by high-ranked politicians such as Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Minister of Culture Ertuğrul Günay and opposition leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu and renowned people from the Turkish music scene such as Orhan Gencebay and Arif Sağ along with ten thousand others, he was buried at the foot of his father's grave as he had requested in his will.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Neden Garip Garip Ötersin Bülbül"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hareli Gelin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Diloylu Halay Havası"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Varıp Bir Kız On Yaşına Değince"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Şeytanın Atına Binip Yeldirme"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bir Leyla Misali"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Yardan Tatlısı Bulunmaz"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Engeller Koymuyor Yar Sana Varsam"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ceylan"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vefasız Yar Aşkına (vay bana vah bana)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kıbrıs Destanı" (Kıbrıs Barış Harekatından Sonra Yazmış Olduğu Türküsü)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Giyindim Kuşandım Gittim Düğüne"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aşk Elinden Ağlayan"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sar Leyla Leyla"(ayrıldığı karısına yazmıştır)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hasta Düştüm"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tor Şahin Misali"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Uyma Sakın"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957 – "Neden Garip Garip Ötersin Bülbül"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 – "Gitme Leylam"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 – "Türküler Yolcu"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 – "Sazlı Oyun Havaları"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987 – "Türkülerle Yaşayan Efsane Deyişler Bozlaklar Türküler"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 – "Gönül Ne Gezersin Seyran Yerinde"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 – "Kendim Ettim Kendim Buldum"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 – "Kibar Kız"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 – "Hapishanelere Güneş Doğmuyor"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 – "Sazlı Sözlü Oyun Havaları"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 – "Gel Gayri Gel"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 – "Şirin Kırşehir"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 – "Kova Kova İndirdiler Yazıya"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 – "Seçmeler 2"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 – "Seçmeler 3"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 – "Seher Vakti"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 – "Altın Ezgiler 3"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 – "Benim Yurdum"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 – "Nostalji 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 – 'Ölmeyen Türküler 2"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 – "Ölmeyen Türküler 3"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 – "Gönül Yarası"

description: Turkish folk poet and master bağlama player

wikidata_label: Neşet Ertaş

wikipedia_title: Neşet Ertaş


text:
animal rights
activist
Baginton
Warwickshire
veal
Coventry Airport
Royal Mail
postman
vegetarian
Animal Liberation Front
Coventry
Port Sunlight
soap
Unilever
Merseyside
hunt sabotage
Coventry Airport
Baginton
Amsterdam
House of Commons
Crown Prosecution Service
BSE
grassroots
animal rights

categories: 1995 deaths,1964 births,English women activists,Animal rights activists,English activists,People from Coventry

paragraph: Jill Phipps

paragraph: Jill Phipps (15 January 1964 – 1 February 1995) was a British animal rights activist who was crushed to death during an animal rights protest in Baginton, Warwickshire, England, when she deliberately stepped in front of a lorry transporting live veal calves heading for continental Europe via Coventry Airport.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Phipps did well at school but chose not to stay on after the age of 16; she went to work for the Royal Mail (her father Bob Phipps was a postman). She had become interested in caring for animals when young, and joined her mother's campaigning against the fur trade from the age of 11. After herself becoming a vegetarian, Phipps persuaded the rest of her family to join them. By her late teens she joined the Eastern Animal Liberation League, a group affiliated to the Animal Liberation Front. A local campaign in Coventry supported by Phipps and her mother succeeded in closing down a local fur shop and fur farm. In 1986, together with her mother and sister Lesley, Phipps raided the Port Sunlight factory of soap manufacturers Unilever on Merseyside to protest at their use of animal testing. After smashing computer equipment, the group were caught and prosecuted, with Phipps' mother being sentenced to six months' imprisonment and her sister to eighteen months. Phipps herself received a suspended sentence as she was pregnant.

paragraph: After her son Luke was born, Phipps spent more time caring for him (having divorced her husband, she raised him as a single parent). She attended occasional demonstrations and hunt sabotage meetings during school holidays together with her son. The use of Coventry airport for export of veal calves horrified her, and in January 1995 she walked almost 100 miles from Coventry to Westminster to protest; on her 31st birthday she protested outside the home of the businessman who had organised the trade.

paragraph: Section::::Fatal accident.

paragraph: On 1 February 1995, Phipps was one of 35 protesters at Coventry Airport in Baginton, protesting at the export of live calves to Amsterdam for distribution across Europe. Ten protesters broke through police lines and were trying to bring the lorry to a halt by sitting in the road or chaining themselves to it when Phipps was crushed beneath the lorry's wheels; her fatal injuries included a broken spine. She died on the way to the hospital accompanied by her brother Zab. Phipps' death received a large amount of publicity, being brought up at Prime Minister's question time in the House of Commons.

paragraph: The Crown Prosecution Service decided there was no evidence to bring any charges against the driver. Phipps' family blamed the police for her death, because the police appeared determined to keep the convoy of lorries moving despite the protest. The inquest heard that the driver may have been distracted by a protester running into the road ahead of him, who was being removed by a policeman. The policeman in charge of the protest speculated that Phipps had chosen "deliberately [to] fall" under the wheels of the truck, but Phipps' father insisted that she did not want to die as she had a young son to live for.

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: Veal calf exports from Coventry Airport ended months later, when the aviation firm belonging to the pilot responsible for the veal flights, Christopher Barrett-Jolly, went bankrupt following accusations of running guns from Slovakia to Sudan in breach of EU rules. In 2002 he was charged with smuggling 271 kg of cocaine from Jamaica into Southend airport.

paragraph: The continuing level of protest was such that several local councils and a harbour board banned live exports from their localities. All live exports of calves later stopped due to fears of BSE infection. In 2006 this ban was lifted, but Coventry Airport pledged that it would refuse requests to fly veal calves.

paragraph: Section::::Memorial.

paragraph: "Jill's Film", with footage of Phipps, the Coventry live export campaign, the funeral, and interviews with Phipps' family was produced and shown for the first time at the "Jill's Day" 2005 event in Coventry. Memorial events are held by grassroots animal rights groups around 1 February each year.

description: British activist

wikidata_label: Jill Phipps

wikipedia_title: Jill Phipps


text: Cornelius P. Comegys

text: Delaware’s Members of Congress

text: The Political Graveyard

categories: Delaware lawyers,Members of the Delaware House of Representatives,1893 deaths,People from Dover, Delaware,Delaware Whigs,United States Senators from Delaware,1813 births,19th-century American politicians,Delaware Democrats,Chief Justices of Delaware,Burials in Dover, Delaware

paragraph: Joseph P. Comegys

paragraph: Joseph Parsons Comegys (December 29, 1813February 1, 1893) was an American judge, lawyer and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Whig Party and later the Democratic Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly, as a U.S. Senator from Delaware, and later as the Chief Justice of the Delaware Supreme Court.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: Comegys was born at "Cherbourg," in Kent County, Delaware, near Dover, the son of former Governor Cornelius P. Comegys and Ruhamah Marim. He attended the old academy at Dover, studied law with John M. Clayton, was admitted to the bar in 1835 and commenced practice in Dover. He married Clayton's niece, Margaret A. Douglass and had three children.

paragraph: Section::::Professional and political career.

paragraph: Comegys was elected as a member of the State House twice, and served in the 1843/44 and 1849/50 sessions. He was also a member of the commission to revise the State Constitution in 1852. On November 19, 1856, he was appointed to the U.S. Senate, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John M. Clayton. He did not run again, and served until January 14, 1857, when his successor was elected. After many years in private practice he was appointed chief justice of the State Supreme Court on May 18, 1876 and served until January 26, 1893, just before his death.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Comegys died at Dover and is buried there in the Old Presbyterian Cemetery, on the grounds of the Delaware State Museum.

paragraph: Section::::Images.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographical Directory of the United States Congress; "portrait courtesy of the Library of Congress."

paragraph: Section::::Almanac.

paragraph: Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1. Members of the Delaware General Assembly took office the first Tuesday of January. State Representatives have a two-year term. The General Assembly chose the U.S. Senators, who took office March 4 for a six-year term. They also chose the delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1852.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Delaware’s Members of Congress

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Political Graveyard

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Joseph P. Comegys

wikipedia_title: Joseph P. Comegys


text:
baseball
outfielder
Chicago Cubs
Major League Baseball
Montreal Expos
Washington Nationals
San Diego Padres
Nippon Professional Baseball
Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters
Yokohama BayStars
Tulsa Drillers
Texas League
Montreal Expos
home run
Washington Nationals
Texas Rangers
Brad Wilkerson
second baseman
Alfonso Soriano
San Diego Padres
runs batted in
Jamey Carroll
New York Mets
John F. Kennedy High School
Granada Hills, California
Long Beach State
Korean
African American
Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters
Yokohama BayStars
Eugene Emeralds
Tulsa Drillers
Texas League
Andy Haines

categories: Montreal Expos players,Edmonton Trappers players,Harrisburg Senators players,Portland Beavers players,American expatriate baseball players in Japan,Long Beach State Dirtbags baseball players,Minor league baseball coaches,American baseball players of Korean descent,Chicago Cubs coaches,Washington Nationals players,Major League Baseball first basemen,Baseball players from California,Nippon Professional Baseball outfielders,1977 births,African-American baseball players,Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters players,Sportspeople from Fayetteville, North Carolina,Major League Baseball right fielders,Lancaster JetHawks players,Nippon Professional Baseball infielders,Sportspeople from Los Angeles,Major League Baseball left fielders,Living people,American expatriate baseball players in Canada,San Diego Padres players,Wisconsin Timber Rattlers players,Everett AquaSox players,Ottawa Lynx players

paragraph: Terrmel Sledge

paragraph: Terrmel Sledge (born March 18, 1977) is a retired American professional baseball outfielder and the current assistant hitting coach of the Chicago Cubs. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals and San Diego Padres and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters and the Yokohama BayStars. Prior to being hired by the Cubs, he was the hitting coach for the Tulsa Drillers in the Texas League.

paragraph: Sledge's career began in 2004 with the Montreal Expos. He moved with the team to Washington, D.C. the following season as the Expos relocated to the American capital, and hit the first-ever home run for the Washington Nationals. He was traded to the Texas Rangers along with fellow outfielder Brad Wilkerson for second baseman Alfonso Soriano on December 7, 2005. He was then traded to the San Diego Padres in a six-player deal on December 20.

paragraph: His best season came in 2004, when he batted .269/.336/.462 with 15 home runs and 62 runs batted in. On October 3, 2004, Sledge recorded the final RBI in Expos history when he drove in Jamey Carroll in a game against the New York Mets.

paragraph: Sledge attended John F. Kennedy High School in Granada Hills, California and played college ball at Long Beach State.

paragraph: Sledge is half Korean and half African American; his mother was Korean and his father was black. According to his father, his name is a combination of Terrence and Melvin, two names his parents had considered naming him when he was born.

paragraph: In January 2003, Sledge was the first position player suspended for violating Major League Baseball's enhanced steroids policy, enacted after accusations that steroid use was rampant in baseball in the 90s and early 2000s. He tested positive for traces of 19-norandrosterone and 19-noretiocholanolone, chemical derivatives related to androstenedione.

paragraph: On November 29, 2007, Terrmel was granted permission from the Padres to sign with the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters of the Nippon Professional League.

paragraph: On December 17, Terrmel signed a contract with Yokohama BayStars for the 2010 season.

paragraph: He retired after the 2012 season and spent 2015 as the assistant hitting coach for the Eugene Emeralds. In 2016, he was named hitting coach for the Tulsa Drillers of the AA Texas League.

paragraph: In late 2018 the Chicago Cubs hired Sledge as assistant hitting coach for 2019. He takes over the position held by Andy Haines, who was hired to be the Milwaukee Brewers' hitting coach.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Terrmel Sledge

wikipedia_title: Terrmel Sledge