The first true estimate of the population of Bolivia came in 1826, which 997,427 inhabitants were estimated.
This number was calculated from the 1796 census organized by Francisco Gil de Taboada, which consisted of several Bolivian cities.
The first modern census was completed in 1831, and ten have been completed since then.
The organizer of Bolivian's censuses has changed throughout the years—Andrés de Santa Cruz (1831), The Bolivian Statistical Office (1835, 1854, 1882), The Bolivian Statistical Commission (1845), The National Immigration Bureau and The Statistics and Geographic Propaganda (1900), and The Department of Statistics and Censuses (1950)—with the INE conducting the census since 1976.
The national census is supposed to be conducted every ten years, however, the 2012 census was late because of "climatic factors and the financing."
The 2012 census data was conducted on 21 November 2012, in which 10,027,254 inhabitants were in the country.
The estimated cost of the census was $50 million.

With a population of 10.0 million in 2012, Bolivia ranks 87th in the world by population.
Its population density is 9.13 inhabitants per square kilometer.
The overall life expectancy in Bolivia is 65.4.
The total fertility rate is 2.87 children per mother.
Since 1950, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the birth rate exceeded the death rate of the country.
The population of Bolivia has been increasing since 1900, and has only had a negative per annum growth rate twice in its history (1835 and 1882).
Bolivia is in the third stage of demographic transition.
There were 562,461 immigrants in Bolivia in 2012, with the most (40.5%) coming from Argentina.
In 2008, there were 48,809 marriages in Bolivia, and 5,887 divorces throughout the country in 2011.
The first true estimate of the population of Bolivia came in 1826, which 997,427 inhabitants were estimated. This number was calculated from the 1796 census organized by Francisco Gil de Taboada, which consisted of several Bolivian cities. The first modern census was completed in 1831, and ten have been completed since then. The organizer of Bolivian's censuses has changed throughout the years—Andrés de Santa Cruz (1831), The Bolivian Statistical Office (1835, 1854, 1882), The Bolivian Statistical Commission (1845), The National Immigration Bureau and The Statistics and Geographic Propaganda (1900), and The Department of Statistics and Censuses (1950)—with the INE conducting the census since 1976. The national census is supposed to be conducted every ten years, however, the 2012 census was late because of "climatic factors and the financing." The 2012 census data was conducted on 21 November 2012, in which 10,027,254 inhabitants were in the country. The estimated cost of the census was $50 million.
With a population of 10.0 million in 2012, Bolivia ranks 87th in the world by population. Its population density is 9.13 inhabitants per square kilometer. The overall life expectancy in Bolivia is 65.4. The total fertility rate is 2.87 children per mother. Since 1950, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the birth rate exceeded the death rate of the country. The population of Bolivia has been increasing since 1900, and has only had a negative per annum growth rate twice in its history (1835 and 1882). Bolivia is in the third stage of demographic transition. There were 562,461 immigrants in Bolivia in 2012, with the most (40.5%) coming from Argentina. In 2008, there were 48,809 marriages in Bolivia, and 5,887 divorces throughout the country in 2011.
Demographics of Bolivia