 Algeria: (Captured in large numbers from French military personnel during the Algerian Independence War)
 Angola: 12,215 units
 FNLA: (Unknown number captured/illegally acquired for use during the Angolan Civil War)
 Argentina: 12,621 units
 Austria: 39,005 units(1950s–70s, Austrian Army and Police)
 Bavaria: 14,647 units(1945–early 1950s, Border Guard)
 Burma: 28,792 units
 Cambodia: 115,568 units (Khmer Republic) (1967–1975)
 Canada: 230 units, M2 variant seen in use by Canadian law enforcement personnel responding to the 1984 Quebec National Assembly Shooting.

 Chile: 2,877 units
 Republic of China: 361 units
 Colombia: 7,037 units
 Costa Rica: 6,000 units
 Cuba: 118 units in 1963.
M1 carbines were used by Batista forces, by Castrist militias and by Brigade 2506.

 Democratic Republic of Congo
 Ecuador: 576 units
 El Salvador: 5000 M1s and ~156 M2s until 1965, more delivered during the 1960s and 1970s.

 Ethiopia: 16,417 units
 France: 269,644 units(1954–1962, Algerian War) Classified as the Mousqueton Américain M1 Calibre .30 ("M1 Carbine, American, .30-caliber") in Metropolitan French service.

 French Indochina: 35,429 units
 Nazi Germany: No recorded issue.
Captured M1 carbines were classified as the Selbstladekarabiner 455(a) ("Self-loading carbine #455 (American)").
There are staged pictures of late-war Fallschirmjäger troops and SS Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler ("Adolf Hitler's SS Bodyguard Regiment") soldiers armed with them.

 West Germany: 34,192 units German Border Guard, some Police forces and German Army paratroopers (1950s–1960s)
 Greece: 38,264 units(Hellenic (Greek) Air Force until mid-1990s)
 Guatemala: 6063 units
 Honduras: 5,581 units
 Iceland: Icelandic Police.
No longer in service.

 Iran: 10,000 units
 Ireland: (1969–1980s, Used by the Provisional IRA, Official IRA, INLA and IPLO during the early years of their campaign and beyond.
Over 50 of which were smuggled by Harrison Network.)

 Italy: 146,863 units.
Known in the Italian Army as the Carabina «Winchester» M1 cal.
7,62 and Carabina «Winchester» M2 cal.
7,62.
In service until the 1990s with the Carabinieri.

 Japan: 3,974 units(National Police Reserve)(1950–1989)
 Jordan: 1912 units.
Fielded during the Six-Day War
 Kingdom of Laos: Received 74,587 units during Vietnam War and Laotian Civil War 1955-1975.

 Lebanon: 900 units
 Liberia: 80 units
 Libya: 106 units
 Malaysia
 Mexico: 48,946 units(police departments and security forces)
 Morocco: 945 units
 Netherlands: 84,523 units(1940s–1970s, Army, Korps Mariniers and Police)
 Nicaragua: 121 units
 Nigeria: 100 units
 Norway: 98,267 units(Norwegian Army 1951–1970, with some Norwegian police units until the 1990s)
 Pakistan: 45 units
 Panama: 917 units
 Peru: 821 units
 Saudi Arabia: Used by the Saudi Army.

 Tunisia: 771 units
 Turkey: 450 units.
Used in Korean War.

 United Kingdom: 200,766 units (Limited use by the British military from 1943 to the 1960s and by the Royal Ulster Constabulary in Northern Ireland until the 1980s) Also used by the Hong Kong / Royal Hong Kong Police.

 United States: 6,110,730 units(1940s–60s/70s, Armed Forces and 1940s-present, various law enforcement agencies, and the Tennessee Valley Authority)
 Uruguay: 32,346 units
 Soviet Union: 7 units
 Vietnam: (Largely captured and/or inherited from now-defunct Army of the Republic of Vietnam) Some used by the Viet Cong and the Viet Minh, taken from American, French and South Vietnamese forces/armories with a few modified to make them compact.

 South Vietnam: 793,994 units (1960s–70s)
 Chetniks (OSS-supplied during WW2)
 Algeria: (Captured in large numbers from French military personnel during the Algerian Independence War)
 Angola: 12,215 units
 FNLA: (Unknown number captured/illegally acquired for use during the Angolan Civil War)
 Argentina: 12,621 units
 Austria: 39,005 units(1950s–70s, Austrian Army and Police)
 Bavaria: 14,647 units(1945–early 1950s, Border Guard)
 Burma: 28,792 units
 Cambodia: 115,568 units (Khmer Republic) (1967–1975)
 Canada: 230 units, M2 variant seen in use by Canadian law enforcement personnel responding to the 1984 Quebec National Assembly Shooting.
 Chile: 2,877 units
 Republic of China: 361 units
 Colombia: 7,037 units
 Costa Rica: 6,000 units
 Cuba: 118 units in 1963. M1 carbines were used by Batista forces, by Castrist militias and by Brigade 2506.
 Democratic Republic of Congo
 Ecuador: 576 units
 El Salvador: 5000 M1s and ~156 M2s until 1965, more delivered during the 1960s and 1970s.
 Ethiopia: 16,417 units
 France: 269,644 units(1954–1962, Algerian War) Classified as the Mousqueton Américain M1 Calibre .30 ("M1 Carbine, American, .30-caliber") in Metropolitan French service.
 French Indochina: 35,429 units
 Nazi Germany: No recorded issue. Captured M1 carbines were classified as the Selbstladekarabiner 455(a) ("Self-loading carbine #455 (American)"). There are staged pictures of late-war Fallschirmjäger troops and SS Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler ("Adolf Hitler's SS Bodyguard Regiment") soldiers armed with them.
 West Germany: 34,192 units German Border Guard, some Police forces and German Army paratroopers (1950s–1960s)
 Greece: 38,264 units(Hellenic (Greek) Air Force until mid-1990s)
 Guatemala: 6063 units
 Honduras: 5,581 units
 Iceland: Icelandic Police. No longer in service.
 Iran: 10,000 units
 Ireland: (1969–1980s, Used by the Provisional IRA, Official IRA, INLA and IPLO during the early years of their campaign and beyond. Over 50 of which were smuggled by Harrison Network.)
 Italy: 146,863 units. Known in the Italian Army as the Carabina «Winchester» M1 cal. 7,62 and Carabina «Winchester» M2 cal. 7,62. In service until the 1990s with the Carabinieri.
 Japan: 3,974 units(National Police Reserve)(1950–1989)
 Jordan: 1912 units. Fielded during the Six-Day War
 Kingdom of Laos: Received 74,587 units during Vietnam War and Laotian Civil War 1955-1975.
 Lebanon: 900 units
 Liberia: 80 units
 Libya: 106 units
 Malaysia
 Mexico: 48,946 units(police departments and security forces)
 Morocco: 945 units
 Netherlands: 84,523 units(1940s–1970s, Army, Korps Mariniers and Police)
 Nicaragua: 121 units
 Nigeria: 100 units
 Norway: 98,267 units(Norwegian Army 1951–1970, with some Norwegian police units until the 1990s)
 Pakistan: 45 units
 Panama: 917 units
 Peru: 821 units
 Saudi Arabia: Used by the Saudi Army.
 Tunisia: 771 units
 Turkey: 450 units. Used in Korean War.
 United Kingdom: 200,766 units (Limited use by the British military from 1943 to the 1960s and by the Royal Ulster Constabulary in Northern Ireland until the 1980s) Also used by the Hong Kong / Royal Hong Kong Police.
 United States: 6,110,730 units(1940s–60s/70s, Armed Forces and 1940s-present, various law enforcement agencies, and the Tennessee Valley Authority)
 Uruguay: 32,346 units
 Soviet Union: 7 units
 Vietnam: (Largely captured and/or inherited from now-defunct Army of the Republic of Vietnam) Some used by the Viet Cong and the Viet Minh, taken from American, French and South Vietnamese forces/armories with a few modified to make them compact.
 South Vietnam: 793,994 units (1960s–70s)
 Chetniks (OSS-supplied during WW2)
M1 carbine