A report by the Swedish EPA (Environmental Protection Administration) rates the quality of the Nemunas in Lithuania as moderately polluted or polluted.
High concentrations of organic pollutants, nitrates and phosphates occur in different parts of the river.
 Environmental issues include water quality (eutrophication and pollutants), changes in the hydrological regime, and flooding control.
The environmental problems in each of the countries that make up the basin are slightly different.
In Belarus, the main problems are oil products as well as nitrogen and BOD (biological oxygen demand).
The environmental issues in the Kaliningrad section include high concentrations of BOD, lignosulphates, and nitrogen.
In Lithuania, the operations of the Kaunas Hydroelectric Power Plant cause changes of the water level that affect the riparian ecosystem.
Old wastewater treatment facilities along the entire river also contribute to pollution.

The co-operation necessary to ensure the health of the river is complicated by the political divisions in the basin - its territory is shared among Russia, Belarus and the European Union country of Lithuania.
Several co-operation initiatives are underway to address the environmental issues of the river.
A report by the Swedish EPA (Environmental Protection Administration) rates the quality of the Nemunas in Lithuania as moderately polluted or polluted. High concentrations of organic pollutants, nitrates and phosphates occur in different parts of the river.  Environmental issues include water quality (eutrophication and pollutants), changes in the hydrological regime, and flooding control. The environmental problems in each of the countries that make up the basin are slightly different. In Belarus, the main problems are oil products as well as nitrogen and BOD (biological oxygen demand). The environmental issues in the Kaliningrad section include high concentrations of BOD, lignosulphates, and nitrogen. In Lithuania, the operations of the Kaunas Hydroelectric Power Plant cause changes of the water level that affect the riparian ecosystem. Old wastewater treatment facilities along the entire river also contribute to pollution.
The co-operation necessary to ensure the health of the river is complicated by the political divisions in the basin - its territory is shared among Russia, Belarus and the European Union country of Lithuania. Several co-operation initiatives are underway to address the environmental issues of the river.
Neman