After graduating from the University of Tokyo in 1969, Bando entered the Japanese civil service.
She became the first woman in a career post in the office of the Prime Minister of Japan.
Her civil service career included numerous posts in the office of the Prime Minister of Japan, the Bureau of Statistics, and the Cabinet Secretariat, including posts overseeing policy on gender equality, youth, and the elderly.
In 1978 she wrote the first white paper on gender inequality in Japan.
In 1981 she spent a term at Harvard University's Mary I. Bunting Institute studying women managers.

From 1995 to 1998 Bando was the Vice Governor of Saitama Prefecture.
In 1998, with her appointment as consul general in Brisbane, Australia, she became the first woman to hold a Japanese consul general post.

From 2001 to 2003 Bando was the inaugural director general of the Japanese government's Gender Equality Bureau.
During Bando's tenure Japan enacted the 2001 Law on Prevention of Spouse Violence and Protection of Victims, which expanded the range of possible domestic violence offenses and penalties and increased government support for survivors.
In 2003 she led the Japanese delegation to the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
 Bloomberg Businessweek described Bando as "the Japanese government's front-and-center spokeswoman, cheerleader, and champion of its policy of leveling the playing field for women".
In the same year, Bando ran for governor of Saitama Prefecture but lost to Kiyoshi Ueda.

Since 2003 Bando has worked in various capacities at Showa Women's University, most recently as president and chancellor.
She has claimed that the career change reflected her desire to help women workers more directly through education.
During her tenure as chancellor, Showa Women's University eliminated its junior college and partnered with Temple University to move the Temple University, Japan Campus to the Showa Women's University campus.
After graduating from the University of Tokyo in 1969, Bando entered the Japanese civil service. She became the first woman in a career post in the office of the Prime Minister of Japan. Her civil service career included numerous posts in the office of the Prime Minister of Japan, the Bureau of Statistics, and the Cabinet Secretariat, including posts overseeing policy on gender equality, youth, and the elderly. In 1978 she wrote the first white paper on gender inequality in Japan. In 1981 she spent a term at Harvard University's Mary I. Bunting Institute studying women managers.
From 1995 to 1998 Bando was the Vice Governor of Saitama Prefecture. In 1998, with her appointment as consul general in Brisbane, Australia, she became the first woman to hold a Japanese consul general post.
From 2001 to 2003 Bando was the inaugural director general of the Japanese government's Gender Equality Bureau. During Bando's tenure Japan enacted the 2001 Law on Prevention of Spouse Violence and Protection of Victims, which expanded the range of possible domestic violence offenses and penalties and increased government support for survivors. In 2003 she led the Japanese delegation to the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.  Bloomberg Businessweek described Bando as "the Japanese government's front-and-center spokeswoman, cheerleader, and champion of its policy of leveling the playing field for women". In the same year, Bando ran for governor of Saitama Prefecture but lost to Kiyoshi Ueda.
Since 2003 Bando has worked in various capacities at Showa Women's University, most recently as president and chancellor. She has claimed that the career change reflected her desire to help women workers more directly through education. During her tenure as chancellor, Showa Women's University eliminated its junior college and partnered with Temple University to move the Temple University, Japan Campus to the Showa Women's University campus.
Mariko Bando