A Win32 console application may run in two modes.

One mode places the text in a window and uses an operating system's font rendering.
In this mode, an application's interaction with user is controlled by the windowing system.
This is analogous to X Window System applications such as xterm.

In a full screen mode Win32 console uses a hardware text mode and uploads a raster font to the video adapter.
This is analogous to a text system console.
 Full screen uses Windows' built-in VGA driver, rather than any installed graphics drivers, unless another driver is VGA-compatible.
Therefore, it only supports VGA-compatible text modes, giving it a maximum character resolution of 80 columns by 28 rows.
 This contrasts with comparable consoles in various other operating systems such as Linux, which are able to display higher resolutions through different drivers.
This mode was deprecated in Windows Vista as Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM) ceased to support these VGA modes.
It was possible to circumvent this issue by installing a Windows XP display driver; however, Windows 8 and later only accepts WDDM drivers.
However, the text-Mode full-screen option was brought back starting with Windows 10.
But in Windows 10 it uses operating system's text renderer in full-screen mode also.

An application can be instantly switched between these two modes with Alt+Return key combination.
A Win32 console application may run in two modes.
One mode places the text in a window and uses an operating system's font rendering. In this mode, an application's interaction with user is controlled by the windowing system. This is analogous to X Window System applications such as xterm.
In a full screen mode Win32 console uses a hardware text mode and uploads a raster font to the video adapter. This is analogous to a text system console.  Full screen uses Windows' built-in VGA driver, rather than any installed graphics drivers, unless another driver is VGA-compatible. Therefore, it only supports VGA-compatible text modes, giving it a maximum character resolution of 80 columns by 28 rows.  This contrasts with comparable consoles in various other operating systems such as Linux, which are able to display higher resolutions through different drivers. This mode was deprecated in Windows Vista as Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM) ceased to support these VGA modes. It was possible to circumvent this issue by installing a Windows XP display driver; however, Windows 8 and later only accepts WDDM drivers. However, the text-Mode full-screen option was brought back starting with Windows 10. But in Windows 10 it uses operating system's text renderer in full-screen mode also.
An application can be instantly switched between these two modes with Alt+Return key combination.
Windows Console