He earned his first call-up to France U17 national team in November 2002 for a friendly match against England.
In 2003, he was called up for friendlies against Portugal and Czech Republic.

In June 2004 he received his first and only call-up to France U18 national team for the tournament in Salerno.

Subsequently, he was called up by the Algerian Under-17 National Team but was not released by his club Olympique de Marseille.
On 4 May 2010 Rabah Saadane announced the list of 25 players who will intern in Crans Montana in Switzerland from 13 to 27 May; M'Bohli was on the list.

On 28 May 2010, M'Bohli made his debut for Algeria in a 3–0 loss against Ireland after coming on as a second-half substitute.
He conceded one goal, a penalty kick scored by Robbie Keane.
He made his second appearance for Algeria in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, keeping a clean sheet and impressing in the goalless draw against England.

Landon Donovan's goal off of M'Bolhi's rebound in the 91st minute of Algeria's 23 June match-up against the United States in the 2010 World Cup was the only goal he conceded in the tournament.

On 11 August 2010, M'Bolhi earned his fourth cap in the 1–2 loss against Gabon in a friendly match.

He was also chosen as the starting goalkeeper for the first two games of the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations qualification and featured in 2014 World Cup qualification matches.

On 9 September 2012, M'Bolhi was a key player for Algeria in a 1–0 away win over Libya in a 2013 Africa Cup of Nations qualification match.
He was the first choice custodian for the country during the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations.

M'Bolhi was Algeria's starting goalkeeper at the 2014 FIFA World Cup, where the Algerians managed to qualify to the knockout rounds for the first time in history.
His performance in the round of 16 against Germany, with a total of 11 saves, helped push the game into overtime.
Algeria eventually lost 2–1, but M'Bolhi earned man of the match honors.

M’Bolhi won his first title with Algeria at the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations.
He was Algeria's starting goalkeeper as he started every game of Algeria's tournament winning run and played every minute of the competition for Algeria.
Moreover, he was named as "Man of the Match" against Senegal in the Final and was named the best goalkeeper of the tournament.
He earned his first call-up to France U17 national team in November 2002 for a friendly match against England. In 2003, he was called up for friendlies against Portugal and Czech Republic.
In June 2004 he received his first and only call-up to France U18 national team for the tournament in Salerno.
Subsequently, he was called up by the Algerian Under-17 National Team but was not released by his club Olympique de Marseille. On 4 May 2010 Rabah Saadane announced the list of 25 players who will intern in Crans Montana in Switzerland from 13 to 27 May; M'Bohli was on the list.
On 28 May 2010, M'Bohli made his debut for Algeria in a 3–0 loss against Ireland after coming on as a second-half substitute. He conceded one goal, a penalty kick scored by Robbie Keane. He made his second appearance for Algeria in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, keeping a clean sheet and impressing in the goalless draw against England.
Landon Donovan's goal off of M'Bolhi's rebound in the 91st minute of Algeria's 23 June match-up against the United States in the 2010 World Cup was the only goal he conceded in the tournament.
On 11 August 2010, M'Bolhi earned his fourth cap in the 1–2 loss against Gabon in a friendly match.
He was also chosen as the starting goalkeeper for the first two games of the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations qualification and featured in 2014 World Cup qualification matches.
On 9 September 2012, M'Bolhi was a key player for Algeria in a 1–0 away win over Libya in a 2013 Africa Cup of Nations qualification match. He was the first choice custodian for the country during the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations.
M'Bolhi was Algeria's starting goalkeeper at the 2014 FIFA World Cup, where the Algerians managed to qualify to the knockout rounds for the first time in history. His performance in the round of 16 against Germany, with a total of 11 saves, helped push the game into overtime. Algeria eventually lost 2–1, but M'Bolhi earned man of the match honors.
M’Bolhi won his first title with Algeria at the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations. He was Algeria's starting goalkeeper as he started every game of Algeria's tournament winning run and played every minute of the competition for Algeria. Moreover, he was named as "Man of the Match" against Senegal in the Final and was named the best goalkeeper of the tournament.
Raïs M'Bolhi