The following are notable residents (past and present) of Mithila region.

Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar' was an Indian Hindi poet, essayist, patriot and academic.

Bindheshwari Prasad Mandal was an Indian parliamentarian and social reformer who served as the chairman of the Second Backward Classes Commission (popularly known as the Mandal Commission).

C. K. Raut, formerly US-based computer scientist, author and  political leader of Nepal.

Phanishwar Nath 'Renu', influential writer of modern Hindi literature in the post-Premchand era.

Syed Shahnawaz Hussain, Indian politician, born in Supaul
Janaka, King of Mithila and Father in Law of King Rama
Sita, Princess of Mithila Kingdom and wife of King Rama
Bhagwat Jha Azad was the Chief Minister of Bihar and a member of Lok Sabha.

Maithili Thakur, Indian singer
Ram Baran Yadav, First president of Nepal
Sharda Sinha, Indian folk singer
Udit Narayan, Bollywood playback singer
Kanhaiya Kumar, National executive Council member of Communist Party of India
Narendra Jha, Bollywood actor
Harisimhadeva, King of Mithila during the Karnat dynasty
Sriti Jha, Indian television actress
Kirti Azad, former Indian cricketer and politician
Vidyapati, Maithili poet and a Sanskrit writer and a Polyglot
Nagarjuna, Philosopher and poet-writer
Sanjay Mishra, Bollywood actor
Bhawana Kanth, one of the first female fighter pilots of India
Gangesha Upadhyaya, 12th-century Indian mathematician and philosopher
Ravish Kumar, Indian journalist
Vikas Kumar Jha
George Orwell, novelist and essayist, journalist and critic
Rambriksh Benipuri, Indian freedom fighter, Socialist Leader, editor and Hindi writer
Devaki Nandan Khatri, Indian writer
Ganganath Jha, Indian scholar
Ramjee Singh, former Member of Indian parliament and vice-chancellor of Jain Vishva Bharati University
Acharya Ramlochan Saran, Hindi literature, grammarian and publisher
Ramesh Chandra Jha, Indian poet, novelist and freedom fighter
Binod Bihari Verma, Indian army man and poet
Acharya Rameshwar Jha, scholar
Phanishwar Nath 'Renu', Indian author
Ravindra Prabhat a Hindi novelist, journalist, poet, and short story writer
Gajendra Thakur, Literary critic, historian, novelist, dramatist, poet, and a lexicographer
Anerood Jugnauth, former President of Mauritius
Parmanand Jha, first Vice-President of Nepal
Dhirendra Premarshi, presenter of Hello Mithila on Radio Kantipur
Godawari Dutta, madhubani artist, social activist
The following are notable residents (past and present) of Mithila region.
Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar' was an Indian Hindi poet, essayist, patriot and academic.
Bindheshwari Prasad Mandal was an Indian parliamentarian and social reformer who served as the chairman of the Second Backward Classes Commission (popularly known as the Mandal Commission).
C. K. Raut, formerly US-based computer scientist, author and  political leader of Nepal.
Phanishwar Nath 'Renu', influential writer of modern Hindi literature in the post-Premchand era.
Syed Shahnawaz Hussain, Indian politician, born in Supaul
Janaka, King of Mithila and Father in Law of King Rama
Sita, Princess of Mithila Kingdom and wife of King Rama
Bhagwat Jha Azad was the Chief Minister of Bihar and a member of Lok Sabha.
Maithili Thakur, Indian singer
Ram Baran Yadav, First president of Nepal
Sharda Sinha, Indian folk singer
Udit Narayan, Bollywood playback singer
Kanhaiya Kumar, National executive Council member of Communist Party of India
Narendra Jha, Bollywood actor
Harisimhadeva, King of Mithila during the Karnat dynasty
Sriti Jha, Indian television actress
Kirti Azad, former Indian cricketer and politician
Vidyapati, Maithili poet and a Sanskrit writer and a Polyglot
Nagarjuna, Philosopher and poet-writer
Sanjay Mishra, Bollywood actor
Bhawana Kanth, one of the first female fighter pilots of India
Gangesha Upadhyaya, 12th-century Indian mathematician and philosopher
Ravish Kumar, Indian journalist
Vikas Kumar Jha
George Orwell, novelist and essayist, journalist and critic
Rambriksh Benipuri, Indian freedom fighter, Socialist Leader, editor and Hindi writer
Devaki Nandan Khatri, Indian writer
Ganganath Jha, Indian scholar
Ramjee Singh, former Member of Indian parliament and vice-chancellor of Jain Vishva Bharati University
Acharya Ramlochan Saran, Hindi literature, grammarian and publisher
Ramesh Chandra Jha, Indian poet, novelist and freedom fighter
Binod Bihari Verma, Indian army man and poet
Acharya Rameshwar Jha, scholar
Phanishwar Nath 'Renu', Indian author
Ravindra Prabhat a Hindi novelist, journalist, poet, and short story writer
Gajendra Thakur, Literary critic, historian, novelist, dramatist, poet, and a lexicographer
Anerood Jugnauth, former President of Mauritius
Parmanand Jha, first Vice-President of Nepal
Dhirendra Premarshi, presenter of Hello Mithila on Radio Kantipur
Godawari Dutta, madhubani artist, social activist
Mithila (region)