* Soil: Thalisain tehsil has a variety of soils depending of the altitude and terrain.
As the Nayaar valley broadens in the south, it forms vast beds of fertile alluvial soil which is suitable for rice and other water-intensive crops.
As one gains altitude while heading north towards Dudhatoli mountains, the soil gets sandy-loamy with good aeration and drainage.
Such soil is suitable for fruits, vegetables and other horticultural produce.
North-eastern faces of hills often have humus rich soil as they have stands of dense oak forest.

* Forests: There are chiefly 4 types of forests found in the region.

Chir pine forests: The primary species is Pinus roxburghii.
Occurring from 1100 to 2200 metres above sea level, these trees grow on drier slopes.
However, commercial plantations have come up recently for producing Turpentine, timber-wood and fuel.

Mixed Chir-oak forests: Moist forests at slightly higher altitudes with a predominant mix of Baanj (Quercus leucotrichophora), Chir Pine, Rhododendron (Rhododendron arboretum), Kaafal (Myrica esculenta) trees.
These forests exist at an altitudes ranging from 1800 to 2200 metres.

Temperate broadleaf forests: The main species found in these forests are Maple (Acer Ceisium, Acer Acuminatum), Oak (Kharsu, Tilonj and Moru oaks), Hazelnut (Corylus Jacquemontii), Alder (Alnus Nepalensis) and Hornbeam (Carpinus vimeana).
These forests are found at an altitude of 2200 to 3100 in shady and cool locations often with moisture.

Alpine Coniferous forests: The dominant species are Silver Fir, Deodar, Cypress, Juniper and Spruce.
Sometimes these trees exist in the same habitat but at many locations, there are stands of one species.
 These forests grow at an altitude of 2200 to 3100 metres.

* Water: Nayaar River with its tributaries as well as hundreds of springs and streams forms the major river system in the region.
The region has abundant supply of water.
* Soil: Thalisain tehsil has a variety of soils depending of the altitude and terrain. As the Nayaar valley broadens in the south, it forms vast beds of fertile alluvial soil which is suitable for rice and other water-intensive crops. As one gains altitude while heading north towards Dudhatoli mountains, the soil gets sandy-loamy with good aeration and drainage. Such soil is suitable for fruits, vegetables and other horticultural produce. North-eastern faces of hills often have humus rich soil as they have stands of dense oak forest.
* Forests: There are chiefly 4 types of forests found in the region.
Chir pine forests: The primary species is Pinus roxburghii. Occurring from 1100 to 2200 metres above sea level, these trees grow on drier slopes. However, commercial plantations have come up recently for producing Turpentine, timber-wood and fuel.
Mixed Chir-oak forests: Moist forests at slightly higher altitudes with a predominant mix of Baanj (Quercus leucotrichophora), Chir Pine, Rhododendron (Rhododendron arboretum), Kaafal (Myrica esculenta) trees. These forests exist at an altitudes ranging from 1800 to 2200 metres.
Temperate broadleaf forests: The main species found in these forests are Maple (Acer Ceisium, Acer Acuminatum), Oak (Kharsu, Tilonj and Moru oaks), Hazelnut (Corylus Jacquemontii), Alder (Alnus Nepalensis) and Hornbeam (Carpinus vimeana). These forests are found at an altitude of 2200 to 3100 in shady and cool locations often with moisture.
Alpine Coniferous forests: The dominant species are Silver Fir, Deodar, Cypress, Juniper and Spruce. Sometimes these trees exist in the same habitat but at many locations, there are stands of one species.  These forests grow at an altitude of 2200 to 3100 metres.
* Water: Nayaar River with its tributaries as well as hundreds of springs and streams forms the major river system in the region. The region has abundant supply of water.
Thalisain