The Jesuits' South Wales Mission was originally based about 14 miles (23 km) to the south, in Raglan, Monmouthshire, but soon after the year 1600, their Superior received from the Earl of Worcester an estate called The Cwm in the parish of Llanrothal.
The estate consisted of farm buildings and land between the villages of Welsh Newton and Llanrothal, about 5 miles from Pontrilas.
The Cwm became "one of the two focal points of disturbance in June and July 1605".
That year, Father Robert Jones who resided at Cwm, was implicated in an attempt to save two of the Gunpowder Plot perpetrators.

Henry Milbourne worshipped with the Jesuits at the Cwm for some time and refused to issue warrants under the Elizabethan legislation, saying that it was not intended for use against Papists.
In the early 17th Century, it was home to the recusant William Griffith.
The province was founded in 1622 by Fr.
John Salusbury (d. 1625), and it sheltered the College of St Francis Xavier, leading the Cwm college to become known as the Welsh Jesuit College of St Francis Xavier.
After Salusbury's death, Charles Gwynne (also known as Bodvel) became rector.
Serving as a refuge for priests (1625–1678), in 1648 it was the base of the martyr St David Lewis, who became head of the Catholic seminary there.

In time the existence of the college became a matter of public knowledge, and by 1676 there were demands in the House of Commons for it to be suppressed.
 In 1678, it came under attack during the Popish Plot, when it was raided by such Protestants as Bishop Croft, John Arnold of Monmouthshire and ultra-Protestant Charles Price.
The Jesuits' South Wales Mission was originally based about 14 miles (23 km) to the south, in Raglan, Monmouthshire, but soon after the year 1600, their Superior received from the Earl of Worcester an estate called The Cwm in the parish of Llanrothal. The estate consisted of farm buildings and land between the villages of Welsh Newton and Llanrothal, about 5 miles from Pontrilas. The Cwm became "one of the two focal points of disturbance in June and July 1605". That year, Father Robert Jones who resided at Cwm, was implicated in an attempt to save two of the Gunpowder Plot perpetrators.
Henry Milbourne worshipped with the Jesuits at the Cwm for some time and refused to issue warrants under the Elizabethan legislation, saying that it was not intended for use against Papists. In the early 17th Century, it was home to the recusant William Griffith. The province was founded in 1622 by Fr. John Salusbury (d. 1625), and it sheltered the College of St Francis Xavier, leading the Cwm college to become known as the Welsh Jesuit College of St Francis Xavier. After Salusbury's death, Charles Gwynne (also known as Bodvel) became rector. Serving as a refuge for priests (1625–1678), in 1648 it was the base of the martyr St David Lewis, who became head of the Catholic seminary there.
In time the existence of the college became a matter of public knowledge, and by 1676 there were demands in the House of Commons for it to be suppressed.  In 1678, it came under attack during the Popish Plot, when it was raided by such Protestants as Bishop Croft, John Arnold of Monmouthshire and ultra-Protestant Charles Price.
Cwm, Llanrothal