Germany had to give back French areas (Alsace-Lorraine) taken by Germany in the Franco-Prussian War, which was still an embarrassment for France.
The French made Germany take its troops out of the Rhineland (the long stretch of land on Germany's border with France where the Rhine River flows), an important part of land for Germany since it had many factories and businesses.
If Germany had its troops come back into the Rhineland, the French were allowed to invade Germany.

Germany also had to give parts to Poland, a country made out of Russian and Austrian parts and the Polish and Lithuanian people who lived in them.
Poland had been a big kingdom a few hundred years earlier, but Austria, Prussia and Russia had split it in the Partitions of Poland.

Belgium was allowed to have Moresnet and Eupen and Malmedy, which is the main reason that Belgium has a German-speaking community.

Versailles also split up many large empires on the losing side.
US President Woodrow Wilson thought that to be a very good idea because many people in Europe wanted to be free from the big empires.
but it also created problems such as having many small countries next to a much bigger Germany.

In the separate Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye the same year.
Austria-Hungary was split into many countries.
One was Austria, which was meant to be the homeland of the Austrians, who spoke German and mainly ruled Austria-Hungary.
Its capital was Vienna.
One of the problems of Versailles was that most  Austrians, like Adolf Hitler, thought that Austria should become part of Germany, which later led to the German invasion of Austria.

Hungary was also created.
Like Poland, it was a country that was strong on its own centuries before.
Its capital was Budapest.
Another new country, Czechoslovakia was created to be the homeland of the Czechs and Slovaks.
The Czech part was made up of the country once called Bohemia and Moravia.
The country's capital was Prague.
Many Germans lived near its borders in the the Sudetenland, and Hitler later insisted for it to belong to Germany, which many of its people wanted.

Bosnia, Slovenia, Croatia (parts of Austria-Hungary), northern Macedonia (part of Bulgaria), Serbia and Montenegro were made into one country, called Yugoslavia (meaning Southern Slavic).
It was made to be a Southern Slavic homeland but had many religious, language and national differences.

New countries by the Baltic Sea (Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania) were also created in other treaties after World War I.  The Russian Revolution started during the war, and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia was killed and a communist state formed.
A civil war raged in Russia between the anticommunist White Russians and the communist Red Russians.
Russia had lost control of its western territory (Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania and parts of Poland).
Later during the World War II, the Soviet Union would take over Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and half of Poland.

Another treaty, the Treaty of Sèvres, gave parts the defeated Ottoman Empire to the various victors.
However, Greek and Turkish armies soon  started another war.
Germany had to give back French areas (Alsace-Lorraine) taken by Germany in the Franco-Prussian War, which was still an embarrassment for France. The French made Germany take its troops out of the Rhineland (the long stretch of land on Germany's border with France where the Rhine River flows), an important part of land for Germany since it had many factories and businesses. If Germany had its troops come back into the Rhineland, the French were allowed to invade Germany.
Germany also had to give parts to Poland, a country made out of Russian and Austrian parts and the Polish and Lithuanian people who lived in them. Poland had been a big kingdom a few hundred years earlier, but Austria, Prussia and Russia had split it in the Partitions of Poland.
Belgium was allowed to have Moresnet and Eupen and Malmedy, which is the main reason that Belgium has a German-speaking community.
Versailles also split up many large empires on the losing side. US President Woodrow Wilson thought that to be a very good idea because many people in Europe wanted to be free from the big empires. but it also created problems such as having many small countries next to a much bigger Germany.
In the separate Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye the same year. Austria-Hungary was split into many countries. One was Austria, which was meant to be the homeland of the Austrians, who spoke German and mainly ruled Austria-Hungary. Its capital was Vienna. One of the problems of Versailles was that most  Austrians, like Adolf Hitler, thought that Austria should become part of Germany, which later led to the German invasion of Austria.
Hungary was also created. Like Poland, it was a country that was strong on its own centuries before. Its capital was Budapest. Another new country, Czechoslovakia was created to be the homeland of the Czechs and Slovaks. The Czech part was made up of the country once called Bohemia and Moravia. The country's capital was Prague. Many Germans lived near its borders in the the Sudetenland, and Hitler later insisted for it to belong to Germany, which many of its people wanted.
Bosnia, Slovenia, Croatia (parts of Austria-Hungary), northern Macedonia (part of Bulgaria), Serbia and Montenegro were made into one country, called Yugoslavia (meaning Southern Slavic). It was made to be a Southern Slavic homeland but had many religious, language and national differences.
New countries by the Baltic Sea (Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania) were also created in other treaties after World War I.  The Russian Revolution started during the war, and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia was killed and a communist state formed. A civil war raged in Russia between the anticommunist White Russians and the communist Red Russians. Russia had lost control of its western territory (Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania and parts of Poland). Later during the World War II, the Soviet Union would take over Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and half of Poland.
Another treaty, the Treaty of Sèvres, gave parts the defeated Ottoman Empire to the various victors. However, Greek and Turkish armies soon  started another war.
Treaty of Versailles