Growth occurs at the base of the meristem, where the blades and stipe meet.
Growth may be limited by grazing.
 Sea urchins, for example, can reduce entire areas to urchin barrens.
The kelp life cycle involves a diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte stage.
The haploid phase begins when the mature organism releases many spores, which then germinate to become male or female gametophytes.
Sexual reproduction then results in the beginning of the diploid sporophyte stage, which will develop into a mature individual.

The parenchymatous thalli are generally covered with a mucilage layer, rather than cuticle.
Growth occurs at the base of the meristem, where the blades and stipe meet. Growth may be limited by grazing.  Sea urchins, for example, can reduce entire areas to urchin barrens. The kelp life cycle involves a diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte stage. The haploid phase begins when the mature organism releases many spores, which then germinate to become male or female gametophytes. Sexual reproduction then results in the beginning of the diploid sporophyte stage, which will develop into a mature individual.
The parenchymatous thalli are generally covered with a mucilage layer, rather than cuticle.
Kelp