Average annual rainfall is 1,480.3 millimetres (58.28 in), with a dry period from May to September.
Mean annual temperature is 21.9 °C (71.4 °F).
The park contains a remnant of Atlantic Forest, mostly seasonal semideciduous forest in various stages of succession.
It is the largest contiguous remnant of Atlantic forest in Minas Gerais, with 1,129 plant species from 134 families.
Trees such as jequitibá, garapa, vinhático and sapucaia are common.
In some places rare specimens such as the jacarandá-da-baía and canela sassafrás also appear.

The park has rich fauna, including 77 species of mammals in 9 orders, with 7 species of primates.
12 species of mammal are on the national list of endangered species.
325 species of birds have been recorded, including 20 considered endangered.
The lagoons are home to 27 species of fish.
38 species of amphibians have been recorded.
Exotic species of fish such as Tucunaré (Cichla), piranha and oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) have caused changes to the food chain.

Mammals include the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris), robust capuchin monkeys, titis, lowland paca (Cuniculus paca) and common agoutis, and endangered species such as jaguar (Panthera onca), solitary tinamou (Tinamus solitarius) and the southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides).
Birds species include the glittering-bellied emerald (Chlorostilbon lucidus), red-browed amazon (Amazona rhodocorytha), dusky-legged guan (Penelope obscura), finches and Forbes's blackbird (Anumara forbesi).

Threats include illegal hunting and fishing, fires, urban sprawl in the municipality of Timóteo and road kill on the Ponte Queimada road.
Average annual rainfall is 1,480.3 millimetres (58.28 in), with a dry period from May to September. Mean annual temperature is 21.9 °C (71.4 °F). The park contains a remnant of Atlantic Forest, mostly seasonal semideciduous forest in various stages of succession. It is the largest contiguous remnant of Atlantic forest in Minas Gerais, with 1,129 plant species from 134 families. Trees such as jequitibá, garapa, vinhático and sapucaia are common. In some places rare specimens such as the jacarandá-da-baía and canela sassafrás also appear.
The park has rich fauna, including 77 species of mammals in 9 orders, with 7 species of primates. 12 species of mammal are on the national list of endangered species. 325 species of birds have been recorded, including 20 considered endangered. The lagoons are home to 27 species of fish. 38 species of amphibians have been recorded. Exotic species of fish such as Tucunaré (Cichla), piranha and oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) have caused changes to the food chain.
Mammals include the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris), robust capuchin monkeys, titis, lowland paca (Cuniculus paca) and common agoutis, and endangered species such as jaguar (Panthera onca), solitary tinamou (Tinamus solitarius) and the southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides). Birds species include the glittering-bellied emerald (Chlorostilbon lucidus), red-browed amazon (Amazona rhodocorytha), dusky-legged guan (Penelope obscura), finches and Forbes's blackbird (Anumara forbesi).
Threats include illegal hunting and fishing, fires, urban sprawl in the municipality of Timóteo and road kill on the Ponte Queimada road.
Rio Doce State Park