In the 11th century the area was possibly visited by Vikings.
Not far from the village on Pamiok Island, Thomas E. Lee, an archaeologist from Université Laval, discovered a stone foundation of what is believed to be a Viking long house.
Another archeological site, Hammer of Thor, is located on north shores of Payne River about 25 km (16 mi) west of the village.

Inuit have hunted and fished along the Ungava Bay coast for centuries.
Permanent European settlement did not occur until 1921 when the Revillon Frères company set up a trading post here, named Payne River (now the Arnaud River) in memory of Frank F. Payne, who explored the region during the winter of 1885-1886.
Four years later, the competing Hudson's Bay Company also set up a post.
The Inuit remained nomadic however and only visited the site as a summer encampment because of the abundance of game.

In 1945, the location was known as Payne Bay.
In 1959, the federal day school was founded.
From then on permanent settlement by Inuit finally began.
In 1961, the federal government provided healthcare facilities, housing, and social services.
That same year, the Quebec Government decided to give French names to places of the northern Quebec coast and changed the name of the post to Francis-Babel, in honour of Louis-François Babel (1826-1912).
But this name did not take root, and was replaced a year later with Bellin, named after Jacques-Nicolas Bellin (1703-1772).
It was subsequently known as Bellin (Payne) until 1980.
That year, the name was changed to Kangiqsuk when the village was incorporated as a Northern Village Municipality (French: municipalité de village nordique).
Local authorities disagreed with this transliteration, and in 1982 it was corrected to Kangirsuk.

Since 1996, the police services in Kangirsuk are provided by the Kativik Regional Police Force.

The community is depicted in the 2019 short film Throat Singing in Kangirsuk (Katatjatuuk Kangirsumi).
In the 11th century the area was possibly visited by Vikings. Not far from the village on Pamiok Island, Thomas E. Lee, an archaeologist from Université Laval, discovered a stone foundation of what is believed to be a Viking long house. Another archeological site, Hammer of Thor, is located on north shores of Payne River about 25 km (16 mi) west of the village.
Inuit have hunted and fished along the Ungava Bay coast for centuries. Permanent European settlement did not occur until 1921 when the Revillon Frères company set up a trading post here, named Payne River (now the Arnaud River) in memory of Frank F. Payne, who explored the region during the winter of 1885-1886. Four years later, the competing Hudson's Bay Company also set up a post. The Inuit remained nomadic however and only visited the site as a summer encampment because of the abundance of game.
In 1945, the location was known as Payne Bay. In 1959, the federal day school was founded. From then on permanent settlement by Inuit finally began. In 1961, the federal government provided healthcare facilities, housing, and social services. That same year, the Quebec Government decided to give French names to places of the northern Quebec coast and changed the name of the post to Francis-Babel, in honour of Louis-François Babel (1826-1912). But this name did not take root, and was replaced a year later with Bellin, named after Jacques-Nicolas Bellin (1703-1772). It was subsequently known as Bellin (Payne) until 1980. That year, the name was changed to Kangiqsuk when the village was incorporated as a Northern Village Municipality (French: municipalité de village nordique). Local authorities disagreed with this transliteration, and in 1982 it was corrected to Kangirsuk.
Since 1996, the police services in Kangirsuk are provided by the Kativik Regional Police Force. 
The community is depicted in the 2019 short film Throat Singing in Kangirsuk (Katatjatuuk Kangirsumi).
Kangirsuk