On 25 April 1850, the Kingdom of Bavaria signed a treaty with the Kingdom of Württemberg to extend the railway line between Munich and Augsburg to Ulm and connect with the Württemberg railway network.
In March 1852, construction began on the railway bridge over the Danube.
The first train arrived at Neu-Ulm station after 25 December 1853; this was officially opened on 26 September together with the Neu-Ulm–Burgau section of the Bavarian Maximilian’s Railway.
Since the Danube bridge had not yet been completed, a droshky service operated between Ulm and Neu-Ulm station.
The Neu-Ulm station building was completed on 1 December 1853.
The Danube bridge, which from the beginning was designed for two tracks, was completed on 1 May 1854 and the entire Maximilian’s Railway from Ulm to Munich was completed on 1 June.
It was operated by four daily trains each way.
The line between Ulm and Neu-Ulm was duplicated at the end of 1856.

On 12 October 1862, the Iller Valley Railway was opened from Neu-Ulm to Memmingen with four trains running daily and it was extended to Kempten on 1 June 1863.
Some changes were made up to 1869 and the station was equipped with gas lighting in 1872.
On 15 February 1871, the Bavarian State Railways took the Neu-Ulm depot (Bahnbetriebswerk Neu-Ulm) in operation.
By September 1874, in the wake of the expansion of the station complex, a new station building was built in Renaissance Revival style, which was designed by the Bavarian architect Friedrich Bürklein.
In March 1892, the duplication of the Maximilian’s Railway between Augsburg and Neu-Ulm was completed, so that the whole line between Munich and Stuttgart via Ulm was duplicated.

From 1877 to 1944, a line of the Ulm tramway stopped at Neu-Ulm station.
From 1931 to 1933, the Maximilian’s Railway from Ulm to Augsburg was electrified by Deutsche Reichsbahn and it was opened for electrical operations on 25 April 1933.
The entire route from Stuttgart to Munich was open for electrical operations on 5 May 1933.

In the Second World War the first air raid took place on Neu-Ulm station on 16 March 1944.
The freight handling facilities, signal box no.
II and several other buildings in Neu-Ulm were destroyed in an air raid on 1 March 1945.
 The station building and the depot were also destroyed on 4 March.
During the invasion of U.S. troops  the railway bridge over the Danube between Ulm and Neu-Ulm was blown up on 24 April 1945.
In May 1945, a temporary wooden bridge was built across the Danube, replacing the demolished railway bridge.
Electric trains were resumed from Ulm to Neu-Ulm on 29 June.
After the war, the station building was reconstructed as a temporary stone shed.
On 23 November 1957, a new station was opened, replacing the stone shed.
The Kibri Company produced a toy kit of this station at HO scale.
The reconstruction of the platform canopies were completed in 1960.
The ticket office closed in 2000.

During the Neu-Ulm 21 project, the station tracks were rebuilt from scratch by 2007.
The five platform track surface station together with the adjacent railway lines were lowered and the number of tracks was reduced to four.
The sub-surface station was opened on 18 March 2007.

At the end of March 2007, the second track at Neu-Ulm Finninger Straße was put into service, largely removing delays caused by trains waiting to run to or from Memmingen.
The old station building was demolished in April 2007.
The project was completed in November 2007 and the new track layout was put into operation in December.
On 25 April 1850, the Kingdom of Bavaria signed a treaty with the Kingdom of Württemberg to extend the railway line between Munich and Augsburg to Ulm and connect with the Württemberg railway network. In March 1852, construction began on the railway bridge over the Danube. The first train arrived at Neu-Ulm station after 25 December 1853; this was officially opened on 26 September together with the Neu-Ulm–Burgau section of the Bavarian Maximilian’s Railway. Since the Danube bridge had not yet been completed, a droshky service operated between Ulm and Neu-Ulm station. The Neu-Ulm station building was completed on 1 December 1853. The Danube bridge, which from the beginning was designed for two tracks, was completed on 1 May 1854 and the entire Maximilian’s Railway from Ulm to Munich was completed on 1 June. It was operated by four daily trains each way. The line between Ulm and Neu-Ulm was duplicated at the end of 1856.
On 12 October 1862, the Iller Valley Railway was opened from Neu-Ulm to Memmingen with four trains running daily and it was extended to Kempten on 1 June 1863. Some changes were made up to 1869 and the station was equipped with gas lighting in 1872. On 15 February 1871, the Bavarian State Railways took the Neu-Ulm depot (Bahnbetriebswerk Neu-Ulm) in operation. By September 1874, in the wake of the expansion of the station complex, a new station building was built in Renaissance Revival style, which was designed by the Bavarian architect Friedrich Bürklein. In March 1892, the duplication of the Maximilian’s Railway between Augsburg and Neu-Ulm was completed, so that the whole line between Munich and Stuttgart via Ulm was duplicated.
From 1877 to 1944, a line of the Ulm tramway stopped at Neu-Ulm station. From 1931 to 1933, the Maximilian’s Railway from Ulm to Augsburg was electrified by Deutsche Reichsbahn and it was opened for electrical operations on 25 April 1933. The entire route from Stuttgart to Munich was open for electrical operations on 5 May 1933.
In the Second World War the first air raid took place on Neu-Ulm station on 16 March 1944. The freight handling facilities, signal box no. II and several other buildings in Neu-Ulm were destroyed in an air raid on 1 March 1945.  The station building and the depot were also destroyed on 4 March. During the invasion of U.S. troops  the railway bridge over the Danube between Ulm and Neu-Ulm was blown up on 24 April 1945. In May 1945, a temporary wooden bridge was built across the Danube, replacing the demolished railway bridge. Electric trains were resumed from Ulm to Neu-Ulm on 29 June. After the war, the station building was reconstructed as a temporary stone shed. On 23 November 1957, a new station was opened, replacing the stone shed. The Kibri Company produced a toy kit of this station at HO scale. The reconstruction of the platform canopies were completed in 1960. The ticket office closed in 2000.
During the Neu-Ulm 21 project, the station tracks were rebuilt from scratch by 2007. The five platform track surface station together with the adjacent railway lines were lowered and the number of tracks was reduced to four. The sub-surface station was opened on 18 March 2007.
At the end of March 2007, the second track at Neu-Ulm Finninger Straße was put into service, largely removing delays caused by trains waiting to run to or from Memmingen. The old station building was demolished in April 2007. The project was completed in November 2007 and the new track layout was put into operation in December.
Neu-Ulm station