Over 2,700 species of flowering plants, 160 species of fern and fern allies, countless types of flowerless plants, mosses, fungi, algae, and land lichens are found in the sholas of the Nilgiris.
No other hill station has so many exotic species.
It is also home to mammals like Bengal tiger , Indian elephant , Indian leopard , Chital deer , Sambar deer ,Nilgiri tahr, Sloth bear etc.
The Indian python, King cobra and Mugger crocodile are reptiles found here.
The birds found here are Indian peacock , Nilgiri laughing thrush , Nilgiri flycatcher and Malabar grey hornbill .

Much of the Nilgiris' natural montane grasslands and shrublands interspersed with sholas and tropical rainforest habitats have been much disturbed or destroyed by extensive tea plantations, easy motor-vehicle access, extensive commercial planting and harvesting of non-native eucalyptus and wattle (Acacia dealbata, Acacia mearnsii) plantations, and cattle grazing.
The area also features one large and several smaller hydro-electric impoundments.
Scotch broom has become an ecologically damaging invasive species.

Threatened plants of the Nilgiris include:
Vulnerable species: Miliusa nilagirica, Nothapodytes foetida,  Commelina wightii
Rare species: Ceropegia decaisneana Ceropegia pusilla, Senecio kundaicus
Endangered species: Youngia nilgiriensis, Impatiens neo-barnesii, Impatiens nilagirica, Euonymus angulatus and Euonymus serratifolius.
Over 2,700 species of flowering plants, 160 species of fern and fern allies, countless types of flowerless plants, mosses, fungi, algae, and land lichens are found in the sholas of the Nilgiris. No other hill station has so many exotic species. It is also home to mammals like Bengal tiger , Indian elephant , Indian leopard , Chital deer , Sambar deer ,Nilgiri tahr, Sloth bear etc. The Indian python, King cobra and Mugger crocodile are reptiles found here. The birds found here are Indian peacock , Nilgiri laughing thrush , Nilgiri flycatcher and Malabar grey hornbill . 
Much of the Nilgiris' natural montane grasslands and shrublands interspersed with sholas and tropical rainforest habitats have been much disturbed or destroyed by extensive tea plantations, easy motor-vehicle access, extensive commercial planting and harvesting of non-native eucalyptus and wattle (Acacia dealbata, Acacia mearnsii) plantations, and cattle grazing. The area also features one large and several smaller hydro-electric impoundments. Scotch broom has become an ecologically damaging invasive species.
Threatened plants of the Nilgiris include:
Vulnerable species: Miliusa nilagirica, Nothapodytes foetida,  Commelina wightii
Rare species: Ceropegia decaisneana Ceropegia pusilla, Senecio kundaicus
Endangered species: Youngia nilgiriensis, Impatiens neo-barnesii, Impatiens nilagirica, Euonymus angulatus and Euonymus serratifolius.
Nilgiri Mountains