The October Revolution found Andreev in Khojand.
With the establishment of Soviet power in Khojand, Andreev was appointed Commissar of Public Education of the Khojand District.
He was then called to Tashkent, where he was entrusted to organize an Oriental university.
In November 1918, the Turkestan Oriental Institute opened, lead by Andreev, who was responsible for selecting teachers, organizing facilities, provisioning educational equipment, building a library, organizing archaeological and numismatic collections, as well as many other tasks.
Andreev himself taught classes in the Persian language and Tajik on the ethnography of Tajiks.
His activity at the Turkestan Oriental Institute and as an assistant professor and professor at the Oriental Department of the First Central Asian State University lasted more than 20 years.
He taught at the Eastern faculty of the Central Asian State University through World War II and after it.
He was also, for a time, a professor in the Faculty of History, where he was in charge of the Department of Ethnography.

In 1923, Andreev was elected as a corresponding member of the Central Bureau of Local History at the Academy of Sciences.
He was awarded the gold medal of the Russian Geographical Society in 1928.
During his years as a professor, Andreev tirelessly organized various expeditions to collect and study ethnographic data and local folklore.
His ethnographic collections were received at the Central Asian Central Museum in Tashkent, which was, for a time, headed by him, as well as other museums.

In 1921, Andreev was appointed a member of the Scientific Commission for the Survey of the Life of the Indigenous Population of Turkestan under the Council of People's Commissars of the Turkestan ASSR.
He led an expedition to compile an ethnographic map of the republic.
In the years 1921-1922, the expedition worked in Samarkand, Kattakurgan, Jizzakh and Khojand.
In 1923, Andreev visited the headwaters of Chirchik.
He visited the Matcha Mountains, Karategin, Gissar and Yaghnob in 1924.
In 1925, under his leadership, the expedition operated along the route of Tashkent, Ura-Tyube, the Zarafshan Valley, Yaghnob, Anzob Pass, Dushanbe, Karategin, Darvaz, Pamirye, Pamir, and Osh.
The expedition collected rich ethnographic data.
Andreev was one out of a group of scientists (I. I. Zarubin, N. G. Mallitsky, L. V. Oshanin, A. A. Semenov, and others) who carried out a great deal of work to collect preparatory materials for the implementation of the national delimitation of the peoples of Central Asia in 1924.

In 1926, Andreev traveled to Afghanistan as a senior dragoman of the Soviet-Afghan commission of the Middle Eastern department of the USSR People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs, using his stay in the country to collect information on the language and everyday life of Tajiks in the Panjshir Valley.
In 1927, Andreev led an expedition to Yaghnob, and in 1929, he led one to theKhuf Valley.
On January 31, 1929, Andreev, per the recommendation of prominent Soviet orientalists and academicians S. F. Oldenburg, V. V. Bartold, F. I. Sherbatsky and I. Y. Krachovsky, was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences Department of Humanities (in the category of Oriental Sciences (Iranian studies)).

In 1930, the Joint State Political Directorate collegium subjected Andreev to administrative expulsion to Alma-Ata for 3 years, accusing him of being a part of a counterrevolutionary group.
However, he returned to Tashkent ahead of schedule.
In 1934, at the suggestion of the Council of People's Commissars of the Tajik SSR and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Tajikistan, Andreev carried out an expedition to the Pamir region to replenish previously collected ethnographic and linguistic data in the Khuf Valley and other valleys near it.
From the end of 1934 to 1940, Andreev also served as a consultant on the art of the peoples of Central Asia at the Museum of Art in Tashkent.
In 1936, he led the Museum's ethnographic and art history expedition to Bukhara and Khiva.
In 1937, another muse
The October Revolution found Andreev in Khojand. With the establishment of Soviet power in Khojand, Andreev was appointed Commissar of Public Education of the Khojand District. He was then called to Tashkent, where he was entrusted to organize an Oriental university. In November 1918, the Turkestan Oriental Institute opened, lead by Andreev, who was responsible for selecting teachers, organizing facilities, provisioning educational equipment, building a library, organizing archaeological and numismatic collections, as well as many other tasks. Andreev himself taught classes in the Persian language and Tajik on the ethnography of Tajiks. His activity at the Turkestan Oriental Institute and as an assistant professor and professor at the Oriental Department of the First Central Asian State University lasted more than 20 years. He taught at the Eastern faculty of the Central Asian State University through World War II and after it. He was also, for a time, a professor in the Faculty of History, where he was in charge of the Department of Ethnography.
In 1923, Andreev was elected as a corresponding member of the Central Bureau of Local History at the Academy of Sciences. He was awarded the gold medal of the Russian Geographical Society in 1928. During his years as a professor, Andreev tirelessly organized various expeditions to collect and study ethnographic data and local folklore. His ethnographic collections were received at the Central Asian Central Museum in Tashkent, which was, for a time, headed by him, as well as other museums.
In 1921, Andreev was appointed a member of the Scientific Commission for the Survey of the Life of the Indigenous Population of Turkestan under the Council of People's Commissars of the Turkestan ASSR. He led an expedition to compile an ethnographic map of the republic. In the years 1921-1922, the expedition worked in Samarkand, Kattakurgan, Jizzakh and Khojand. In 1923, Andreev visited the headwaters of Chirchik. He visited the Matcha Mountains, Karategin, Gissar and Yaghnob in 1924. In 1925, under his leadership, the expedition operated along the route of Tashkent, Ura-Tyube, the Zarafshan Valley, Yaghnob, Anzob Pass, Dushanbe, Karategin, Darvaz, Pamirye, Pamir, and Osh. The expedition collected rich ethnographic data. Andreev was one out of a group of scientists (I. I. Zarubin, N. G. Mallitsky, L. V. Oshanin, A. A. Semenov, and others) who carried out a great deal of work to collect preparatory materials for the implementation of the national delimitation of the peoples of Central Asia in 1924.
In 1926, Andreev traveled to Afghanistan as a senior dragoman of the Soviet-Afghan commission of the Middle Eastern department of the USSR People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs, using his stay in the country to collect information on the language and everyday life of Tajiks in the Panjshir Valley. In 1927, Andreev led an expedition to Yaghnob, and in 1929, he led one to theKhuf Valley. On January 31, 1929, Andreev, per the recommendation of prominent Soviet orientalists and academicians S. F. Oldenburg, V. V. Bartold, F. I. Sherbatsky and I. Y. Krachovsky, was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences Department of Humanities (in the category of Oriental Sciences (Iranian studies)).
In 1930, the Joint State Political Directorate collegium subjected Andreev to administrative expulsion to Alma-Ata for 3 years, accusing him of being a part of a counterrevolutionary group. However, he returned to Tashkent ahead of schedule. In 1934, at the suggestion of the Council of People's Commissars of the Tajik SSR and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Tajikistan, Andreev carried out an expedition to the Pamir region to replenish previously collected ethnographic and linguistic data in the Khuf Valley and other valleys near it. From the end of 1934 to 1940, Andreev also served as a consultant on the art of the peoples of Central Asia at the Museum of Art in Tashkent. In 1936, he led the Museum's ethnographic and art history expedition to Bukhara and Khiva. In 1937, another muse
Mikhail Stepanovich Andreev