As the eastern terminus of the Erie Canal, an upper port on the Hudson River and a major rail junction, Albany had grown considerably over the course of the 19th century.
Its economic activity required a significant presence of federal government agencies, and their needs had outgrown the city's available space.
After the Civil War, the Treasury Department turned its attention and resources to upgrading its facilities in cities that, like Albany, had grown rapidly due to industrialization.

In 1872, Congress passed legislation authorizing the construction of the new building.
It was to be primarily a post office, but large enough for other government agencies to have offices in it.
The city was required to acquire the land; the total cost of the project was limited to $350,000 ($7.47 million in modern dollars).

Acquiring the site of the Exchange Building took more than half the available money.
William A. Potter, then Supervising Architect of the Treasury, had designed a large, elaborate building in the High Victorian Gothic mode, with polychromatic stone siding.
The lot turned out to be too small for the building, so the property of an adjacent bank was purchased for $150,000.

With more money now spent for the land than had been budgeted for the entire building, and nothing built, Congress appropriated an additional $5,000.
Construction did not begin until 1879.
By then, James G. Hill had become the Supervising Architect.
To save money, he changed the design to the Renaissance Revival style, which he supposedly preferred, complementing its use on the state capitol up the hill to the west.

Hill kept Potter's basic forms and massing, although he changed the exterior to the simpler, cheaper gray granite.
Inside, he made similar cost-driven modifications to the layout.
Despite these changes, the building's final construction cost upon its 1883 completion was around $620,000 ($17 million in modern dollars).

In 1912 the building became part of an early urban redevelopment plan.
The city's leadership had become concerned about congestion and decay downtown, especially near Water Street, where many visitors got their first impression of Albany.
They hired Arnold W. Brunner, an architect and urban planner from New York, to resolve what he called "the tangle of mean streets and wretched buildings" on the waterfront.

He observed that Albany, reflecting its origins as a 17th-century frontier outpost, had followed the pattern of European cities which had likewise developed during the Middle Ages, with long, narrow streets and densely clustered buildings.
Those cities nevertheless often had at least one large open plaza.
Brunner thus proposed that one be created downtown at the intersection of Broadway and State Street, through the construction of a long building angled back from the street.
A small streetcar turnaround could be built around the edges.

The plaza would be framed by other major private and public buildings, like the post office.
It would be a small version of the "court of honor" espoused for urban centers by the contemporary City Beautiful movement.
The Delaware and Hudson Railroad, a major presence in the city, built the desired building, designed by local architect Marcus T. Reynolds, in 1914.

For the next 60 years the building continued to serve its original functions.
In 1972 the post office and other federal agencies moved out, needing larger and newer space.
The building sat empty for five years until it was acquired by SUNY, which immediately began renovating it to meet modern building codes and its own requirements.
The $15 million project, which also included the more extensive renovation of the old Delaware and Hudson Building to the south, was completed the next year.
The New York City architectural firm that oversaw the renovations received an energy conservation award from Owens Corning, the building insulation manufacturer.
As the eastern terminus of the Erie Canal, an upper port on the Hudson River and a major rail junction, Albany had grown considerably over the course of the 19th century. Its economic activity required a significant presence of federal government agencies, and their needs had outgrown the city's available space. After the Civil War, the Treasury Department turned its attention and resources to upgrading its facilities in cities that, like Albany, had grown rapidly due to industrialization.
In 1872, Congress passed legislation authorizing the construction of the new building. It was to be primarily a post office, but large enough for other government agencies to have offices in it. The city was required to acquire the land; the total cost of the project was limited to $350,000 ($7.47 million in modern dollars).
Acquiring the site of the Exchange Building took more than half the available money. William A. Potter, then Supervising Architect of the Treasury, had designed a large, elaborate building in the High Victorian Gothic mode, with polychromatic stone siding. The lot turned out to be too small for the building, so the property of an adjacent bank was purchased for $150,000.
With more money now spent for the land than had been budgeted for the entire building, and nothing built, Congress appropriated an additional $5,000. Construction did not begin until 1879. By then, James G. Hill had become the Supervising Architect. To save money, he changed the design to the Renaissance Revival style, which he supposedly preferred, complementing its use on the state capitol up the hill to the west.
Hill kept Potter's basic forms and massing, although he changed the exterior to the simpler, cheaper gray granite. Inside, he made similar cost-driven modifications to the layout. Despite these changes, the building's final construction cost upon its 1883 completion was around $620,000 ($17 million in modern dollars).
In 1912 the building became part of an early urban redevelopment plan. The city's leadership had become concerned about congestion and decay downtown, especially near Water Street, where many visitors got their first impression of Albany. They hired Arnold W. Brunner, an architect and urban planner from New York, to resolve what he called "the tangle of mean streets and wretched buildings" on the waterfront.
He observed that Albany, reflecting its origins as a 17th-century frontier outpost, had followed the pattern of European cities which had likewise developed during the Middle Ages, with long, narrow streets and densely clustered buildings. Those cities nevertheless often had at least one large open plaza. Brunner thus proposed that one be created downtown at the intersection of Broadway and State Street, through the construction of a long building angled back from the street. A small streetcar turnaround could be built around the edges.
The plaza would be framed by other major private and public buildings, like the post office. It would be a small version of the "court of honor" espoused for urban centers by the contemporary City Beautiful movement. The Delaware and Hudson Railroad, a major presence in the city, built the desired building, designed by local architect Marcus T. Reynolds, in 1914.
For the next 60 years the building continued to serve its original functions. In 1972 the post office and other federal agencies moved out, needing larger and newer space. The building sat empty for five years until it was acquired by SUNY, which immediately began renovating it to meet modern building codes and its own requirements. The $15 million project, which also included the more extensive renovation of the old Delaware and Hudson Building to the south, was completed the next year. The New York City architectural firm that oversaw the renovations received an energy conservation award from Owens Corning, the building insulation manufacturer.
Old Post Office (Albany, New York)