In 1953, the Tennessee State Constitution was amended, extending the gubernatorial term from two years to four years.
 The new amendments prevented governors from serving consecutive terms, but a temporary exception was made for Clement.
He was elected to a full four-year term in 1954 after his initial two-year term.

In 1958, with Clement term-limited, Ellington sought the Democratic Party's nomination for governor.
His opponents were Memphis mayor Edmund Orgill, Nashville attorney Clifford Allen, and Judge Andrew "Tip" Taylor.
 Since Crump's death in 1954, the Clement-Ellington alliance had become the state's leading political organization.
 Ellington won the nomination with 213,415 votes to 204,629 for Taylor, 204,382 for Orgill, and 56,854 for Allen.
 He won the general election by a sizeable margin over several opponents, among them former Governor McCord, who ran as an independent.

During his first term, Ellington continued many of Clement's policies.
 Aided by an economic boom, he could approve raises for public school teachers and school administrators without increasing taxes.
 While he supported continued legal segregation, he ordered the state to comply with the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional; it ordered desegregation of the public school system.
 
In 1961, several Tennessee State University students who had participated in the Freedom Rides, to highlight illegal segregation on interstates buses, which were covered by federal law, were expelled after Ellington ordered an investigation into their activities.
 In response, dozens of protesters picketed the state capitol and demanded a meeting with Ellington, but he refused.

At the 1960 Democratic National Convention, a rift had begun to form in the relationship between Clement and Ellington.
The former endorsed John F. Kennedy for president, and the latter endorsed Lyndon B. Johnson.
 
Following his first term as governor, which ended in 1963, Ellington returned to the private sector, working as a vice president of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad.
Vice President Lyndon Johnson succeeded Kennedy to the presidency after he was assassinated in Dallas in November 1963.

In early 1965, President Johnson appointed Ellington as Director of the Office of Emergency Planning (later integrated into FEMA).
During the Selma to Montgomery marches, which took place at the height of the civil rights movement in March of that year, Ellington played a key role in establishing contact and talks between President Johnson and Governor George Wallace of Alabama.
The state provided protection for marchers in the last march.
 In September, Ellington helped organize federal relief efforts in the wake of Hurricane Betsy.

Ellington again sought the Democratic Party nomination for governor in 1966.
His opponent, John Jay Hooker, was a friend of former Governor Browning, and had been endorsed by the Nashville Tennessean.
 Ellington was endorsed by President Johnson, Clement, and the Nashville Banner.
He defeated Hooker for the nomination, 413,950 votes to 360,105.
 The divide between Clement and Ellington continued to grow, as Ellington refused to endorse Clement in his US Senate primary campaign against Ross Bass.
Governor Clement attempted to spend the state's budget surplus to ensure the Ellington administration did not inherit it.

Ellington won the general gubernatorial election in 1966.
By this time, he had shifted his position on segregation, and openly supported an end to the long-standing practice.
 In 1967, he appointed African American Hosea T. Lockard to his cabinet as administrative assistant; he was the first black cabinet member in state history.
 In April 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated in Memphis, where he was assisting with the Memphis Sanitation Strike.
Ellington immediately mobilized the National Guard to prevent rioting in the city.

In September 1967, Ellington signed a bill repealing the Butler Act, the 1925 law that had outlawed the teaching of th
In 1953, the Tennessee State Constitution was amended, extending the gubernatorial term from two years to four years.  The new amendments prevented governors from serving consecutive terms, but a temporary exception was made for Clement. He was elected to a full four-year term in 1954 after his initial two-year term.
In 1958, with Clement term-limited, Ellington sought the Democratic Party's nomination for governor. His opponents were Memphis mayor Edmund Orgill, Nashville attorney Clifford Allen, and Judge Andrew "Tip" Taylor.  Since Crump's death in 1954, the Clement-Ellington alliance had become the state's leading political organization.  Ellington won the nomination with 213,415 votes to 204,629 for Taylor, 204,382 for Orgill, and 56,854 for Allen.  He won the general election by a sizeable margin over several opponents, among them former Governor McCord, who ran as an independent.
During his first term, Ellington continued many of Clement's policies.  Aided by an economic boom, he could approve raises for public school teachers and school administrators without increasing taxes.  While he supported continued legal segregation, he ordered the state to comply with the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional; it ordered desegregation of the public school system.  
In 1961, several Tennessee State University students who had participated in the Freedom Rides, to highlight illegal segregation on interstates buses, which were covered by federal law, were expelled after Ellington ordered an investigation into their activities.  In response, dozens of protesters picketed the state capitol and demanded a meeting with Ellington, but he refused.
At the 1960 Democratic National Convention, a rift had begun to form in the relationship between Clement and Ellington. The former endorsed John F. Kennedy for president, and the latter endorsed Lyndon B. Johnson.  
Following his first term as governor, which ended in 1963, Ellington returned to the private sector, working as a vice president of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. Vice President Lyndon Johnson succeeded Kennedy to the presidency after he was assassinated in Dallas in November 1963.
In early 1965, President Johnson appointed Ellington as Director of the Office of Emergency Planning (later integrated into FEMA). During the Selma to Montgomery marches, which took place at the height of the civil rights movement in March of that year, Ellington played a key role in establishing contact and talks between President Johnson and Governor George Wallace of Alabama. The state provided protection for marchers in the last march.  In September, Ellington helped organize federal relief efforts in the wake of Hurricane Betsy.
Ellington again sought the Democratic Party nomination for governor in 1966. His opponent, John Jay Hooker, was a friend of former Governor Browning, and had been endorsed by the Nashville Tennessean.  Ellington was endorsed by President Johnson, Clement, and the Nashville Banner. He defeated Hooker for the nomination, 413,950 votes to 360,105.  The divide between Clement and Ellington continued to grow, as Ellington refused to endorse Clement in his US Senate primary campaign against Ross Bass. Governor Clement attempted to spend the state's budget surplus to ensure the Ellington administration did not inherit it.
Ellington won the general gubernatorial election in 1966. By this time, he had shifted his position on segregation, and openly supported an end to the long-standing practice.  In 1967, he appointed African American Hosea T. Lockard to his cabinet as administrative assistant; he was the first black cabinet member in state history.  In April 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated in Memphis, where he was assisting with the Memphis Sanitation Strike. Ellington immediately mobilized the National Guard to prevent rioting in the city.
In September 1967, Ellington signed a bill repealing the Butler Act, the 1925 law that had outlawed the teaching of th
Buford Ellington