Chillisquaque Creek was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979.
Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1171784.
The creek is also known as Chilisquaque Creek.
Its name most likely comes from the Shawnee word chilisuagi, meaning "place of the snow-birds".
However, other possible meanings of the word include "flight of the wild goose", "frozen duck", and "man made perfect".

The Shawnee Indians historically had a large village/town at the mouth of Chillisquaque Creek.
The village was established by 1728 and was known as Chenastry and Otzinachson.
The Shawnees on the creek moved to Western Pennsylvania in 1728.
Additionally, Andrew Montour historically owned a plantation near the creek's mouth.
In 1745, Bishop Spagenberg passed by the creek and noted the former Indian village there in his journal.
A Mingo chief named Logan was living at the mouth of the creek in about 1753.
An elderly couple were scalped by Indians near the creek in 1782.

A frontier fort known as Fort Rice used to be located on Chillisquaque Creek near what is now Washingtonville.
William Plunket had settled near Chillisquaque Creek as early as 1772.
Boyd and Wilson built a mill at the mouth of the creek in 1791.
The first Methodist camp meeting in the area was held on the creek 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the West Branch Susquehanna River in August 1806.
The creek was declared a public highway in the 1820s.
The West Branch Division of the Pennsylvania Canal historically had an aqueduct over the creek.
However, by 1842, it was in need of repairs.
In July 18 and 19, 1851, a 32-hour-long storm caused Chillisquaque Creek to rise higher than it had in 57 years.

In the early 1900s, the main industries in the creek's watershed included agriculture and clay mines.
The creek was also used as water power for a number of small mills.
Around this time period, railroads in the watershed included the Susquehanna, Bloomsburg, and Berwick Railroad and the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad.
Major communities included Exchange, Jerseytown, Potts Grove, Washingtonville, Strawberry Ridge, and White Hall.
Their populations were 225, 200, 184, 183, 160, and 140, respectively.

Numerous bridges have been constructed over Chillisquaque Creek in Montour County.
A bridge known as the Washingtonville Bridge was built in 1887 and is on the Historic American Buildings Survey.
Another one, which carries Pennsylvania Route 54, was built in 1930.
Another bridge was built in 1946 and carries Pennsylvania Route 254 in Washingtonville.
A bridge carrying State Route 4008 was built across the creek in 1957 and was repaired in 2010.
A bridge carrying State Route 1004 was built across the creek in 1960.
Additionally, two bridges carrying Interstate 80 were built over the creek in 1962 and repaired in the late 1990s.
A bridge carrying State Route 4004 over the creek was built in 1987 and another bridge carrying Pennsylvania Route 54 was built in 1992.
A bridge carrying State Route 1003 was constructed across the creek in 1993 and a bridge carrying State Route 3003 was built over the creek in 1997.
In 2005, another bridge carrying State Route 1004 was built over the creek.

A number of bridges have been built over Chillisquaque Creek in Northumberland County as well.
One of these was the Rishel Covered Bridge, which was built in 1830 and repaired in 1990.
It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Gottlieb Brown Covered Bridge, which carries T594, was built across the creek in 1881 and was repaired in 1985.
It is also on the National Register of Historic Places.
A bridge carrying State Route 1025 was constructed over the creek in 1926 and a bridge carrying Pennsylvania Route 45 was built over the creek in 1952.
A three-span bridge carrying Pennsylvania Route 642 was built over the creek in 1958 and was repaired in 2012.
A two-span bridge carrying Pennsylvania Route 405 was built over the creek in 1974.

A number of studies and inventories have been carried out on Chillisquaque Creek.
Such studies include Pennsylvania's 208 Study in
Chillisquaque Creek was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1171784. The creek is also known as Chilisquaque Creek. Its name most likely comes from the Shawnee word chilisuagi, meaning "place of the snow-birds". However, other possible meanings of the word include "flight of the wild goose", "frozen duck", and "man made perfect".
The Shawnee Indians historically had a large village/town at the mouth of Chillisquaque Creek. The village was established by 1728 and was known as Chenastry and Otzinachson. The Shawnees on the creek moved to Western Pennsylvania in 1728. Additionally, Andrew Montour historically owned a plantation near the creek's mouth. In 1745, Bishop Spagenberg passed by the creek and noted the former Indian village there in his journal. A Mingo chief named Logan was living at the mouth of the creek in about 1753. An elderly couple were scalped by Indians near the creek in 1782.
A frontier fort known as Fort Rice used to be located on Chillisquaque Creek near what is now Washingtonville. William Plunket had settled near Chillisquaque Creek as early as 1772. Boyd and Wilson built a mill at the mouth of the creek in 1791. The first Methodist camp meeting in the area was held on the creek 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the West Branch Susquehanna River in August 1806. The creek was declared a public highway in the 1820s. The West Branch Division of the Pennsylvania Canal historically had an aqueduct over the creek. However, by 1842, it was in need of repairs. In July 18 and 19, 1851, a 32-hour-long storm caused Chillisquaque Creek to rise higher than it had in 57 years.
In the early 1900s, the main industries in the creek's watershed included agriculture and clay mines. The creek was also used as water power for a number of small mills. Around this time period, railroads in the watershed included the Susquehanna, Bloomsburg, and Berwick Railroad and the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad. Major communities included Exchange, Jerseytown, Potts Grove, Washingtonville, Strawberry Ridge, and White Hall. Their populations were 225, 200, 184, 183, 160, and 140, respectively.
Numerous bridges have been constructed over Chillisquaque Creek in Montour County. A bridge known as the Washingtonville Bridge was built in 1887 and is on the Historic American Buildings Survey. Another one, which carries Pennsylvania Route 54, was built in 1930. Another bridge was built in 1946 and carries Pennsylvania Route 254 in Washingtonville. A bridge carrying State Route 4008 was built across the creek in 1957 and was repaired in 2010. A bridge carrying State Route 1004 was built across the creek in 1960. Additionally, two bridges carrying Interstate 80 were built over the creek in 1962 and repaired in the late 1990s. A bridge carrying State Route 4004 over the creek was built in 1987 and another bridge carrying Pennsylvania Route 54 was built in 1992. A bridge carrying State Route 1003 was constructed across the creek in 1993 and a bridge carrying State Route 3003 was built over the creek in 1997. In 2005, another bridge carrying State Route 1004 was built over the creek.
A number of bridges have been built over Chillisquaque Creek in Northumberland County as well. One of these was the Rishel Covered Bridge, which was built in 1830 and repaired in 1990. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Gottlieb Brown Covered Bridge, which carries T594, was built across the creek in 1881 and was repaired in 1985. It is also on the National Register of Historic Places. A bridge carrying State Route 1025 was constructed over the creek in 1926 and a bridge carrying Pennsylvania Route 45 was built over the creek in 1952. A three-span bridge carrying Pennsylvania Route 642 was built over the creek in 1958 and was repaired in 2012. A two-span bridge carrying Pennsylvania Route 405 was built over the creek in 1974.
A number of studies and inventories have been carried out on Chillisquaque Creek. Such studies include Pennsylvania's 208 Study in 
Chillisquaque Creek