The capital of the Wołyń Voivodeship was Łuck, Volhynia (now: Lutsk, Ukraine).
It consisted of 11 powiats (counties), 22 larger towns, 103 villages and literally thousands of smaller communities and khutors (Polish: futory, kolonie), with clusters of farms unable to offer any form of resistance against future military attacks.
In 1921 the Wołyń Voivodeship was inhabited by 1,437,569 people and the population density was 47.5 persons per km².
According to national census of 1931, Ukrainian language was spoken by 1,418,324 inhabitants, Polish by 346,640, Yiddish by 174,157 and Hebrew by 31,388, German by 46,883, Czech by 30,977, Russian by 23,387, Ruthenian by 8,548, and Belorusian by 2,417 inhabitants.
In 1931, the population grew to 2,085,600 and the density to 58 persons per km².

The primary religions practised in the area were Eastern Orthodox Christian (69.8%), Roman Catholic (15.7%) as well Judaism by the Jews (10%), Protestantism (2.6%) and the Islamic faith by the Tatars.
With respect to the Orthodox Ukrainian population in eastern Poland, the Polish government initially issued a decree defending the rights of the Orthodox minorities.
In practice, this often failed, as the Catholics, also eager to strengthen their position, had official representation in the Sejm and the courts.
With time, some 190 Orthodox churches were destroyed or disassembled (many of them already abandoned), and 150 more were transformed into Roman Catholic churches.
Such actions were condemned by the head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky, who claimed that these acts would "destroy in the souls of our non-united Orthodox brothers the very thought of any possible reunion."

The land reform designed to favour the Poles in mostly Ukrainian populated Volhynia, the agricultural territory where the land question was especially severe, created alienation from the Polish state of even the Orthodox Volhynian population who tended to be much less radical than the Greek Catholic Galicians.
The capital of the Wołyń Voivodeship was Łuck, Volhynia (now: Lutsk, Ukraine). It consisted of 11 powiats (counties), 22 larger towns, 103 villages and literally thousands of smaller communities and khutors (Polish: futory, kolonie), with clusters of farms unable to offer any form of resistance against future military attacks. In 1921 the Wołyń Voivodeship was inhabited by 1,437,569 people and the population density was 47.5 persons per km². According to national census of 1931, Ukrainian language was spoken by 1,418,324 inhabitants, Polish by 346,640, Yiddish by 174,157 and Hebrew by 31,388, German by 46,883, Czech by 30,977, Russian by 23,387, Ruthenian by 8,548, and Belorusian by 2,417 inhabitants. In 1931, the population grew to 2,085,600 and the density to 58 persons per km².
The primary religions practised in the area were Eastern Orthodox Christian (69.8%), Roman Catholic (15.7%) as well Judaism by the Jews (10%), Protestantism (2.6%) and the Islamic faith by the Tatars. With respect to the Orthodox Ukrainian population in eastern Poland, the Polish government initially issued a decree defending the rights of the Orthodox minorities. In practice, this often failed, as the Catholics, also eager to strengthen their position, had official representation in the Sejm and the courts. With time, some 190 Orthodox churches were destroyed or disassembled (many of them already abandoned), and 150 more were transformed into Roman Catholic churches. Such actions were condemned by the head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky, who claimed that these acts would "destroy in the souls of our non-united Orthodox brothers the very thought of any possible reunion."
The land reform designed to favour the Poles in mostly Ukrainian populated Volhynia, the agricultural territory where the land question was especially severe, created alienation from the Polish state of even the Orthodox Volhynian population who tended to be much less radical than the Greek Catholic Galicians.
Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939)