The headwaters of the Jarbidge River are protected as the Jarbidge Wilderness, managed by the Jarbidge Ranger District of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest.
 The Jarbidge River below the confluence with the East Fork is protected in the new Bruneau - Jarbidge Rivers Wilderness, which was created by the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 and signed into law on March 30, 2009.

The Jarbidge River is home to a small population of threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus).
Bull trout inhabit both forks of the Jarbidge River, as well as several tributaries.
 This small population is on the southern edge of the species' range, and is isolated from other populations of bull trout in southern Idaho, increasing their sensitivity to changes in habitat.
 Population densities were estimated at 10–20 fish per km (0.62 mi) in 1996.
 Columbia River redband trout also inhabit the river.
The headwaters of the Jarbidge River are protected as the Jarbidge Wilderness, managed by the Jarbidge Ranger District of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest.  The Jarbidge River below the confluence with the East Fork is protected in the new Bruneau - Jarbidge Rivers Wilderness, which was created by the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 and signed into law on March 30, 2009.
The Jarbidge River is home to a small population of threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). Bull trout inhabit both forks of the Jarbidge River, as well as several tributaries.  This small population is on the southern edge of the species' range, and is isolated from other populations of bull trout in southern Idaho, increasing their sensitivity to changes in habitat.  Population densities were estimated at 10–20 fish per km (0.62 mi) in 1996.  Columbia River redband trout also inhabit the river.
Jarbidge River