According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 47.2 square miles (122 km²), of which 47.1 sq mi (122 km²) is land and 0.04 sq mi (0.10 km²) is water, comprising 0.08% of the town.

Randolph's geography is mountainous.
 The south side of the town includes the northern slopes of the Presidentials.
 The north side of the town includes four main mountains: Mount Crescent, Black Crescent Mountain, Mount Randolph and Pond Hill.
Dividing the northerly slopes from the southerly slopes is US Route 2.
 There are no trails maintained to the top of Black Crescent Mountain or Pond Hill.
The highest point in Randolph is on the town's southern border, atop a 3,950-foot (1,200 m) knob on Howker Ridge, a spur of Mount Madison.

The settled part of Randolph is divided into two main areas: Randolph "valley", where town hall is, and Randolph Hill, which has several roads all connected to a main road called Randolph Hill Road.
Randolph Hill has the site of the Mt. Crescent House (hotel), which opened in 1883 as the "Randolph Hill House" and was torn down in 1971.
Randolph also had "Ravine House" on Durand Road, straight north of the Appalachia trailhead.
 Other sections of town include the area west of Durand Road, which includes Valley Road and a number of houses along Route 2, towards Jefferson.
The main Randolph train station was at Appalachia.
Other, secondary stations included "Randolph East" on the Dolly Copp (or "Pinkham B") Road, and Bowman, at the height of land to the west.
The only general store in Randolph is the Lowe's Store, on U.S. Route 2.
There are two motels and one bed and breakfast within the town.

Temperatures in the summer can reach nearly 100 °F (38 °C), though that is exceedingly rare, with summer days seldom getting above the 80s (°F) and summer nights frequently being in the 50s or even the 40s.
Temperatures in the winter can be below −40 °F (−40 °C).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 47.2 square miles (122 km²), of which 47.1 sq mi (122 km²) is land and 0.04 sq mi (0.10 km²) is water, comprising 0.08% of the town.
Randolph's geography is mountainous.  The south side of the town includes the northern slopes of the Presidentials.  The north side of the town includes four main mountains: Mount Crescent, Black Crescent Mountain, Mount Randolph and Pond Hill. Dividing the northerly slopes from the southerly slopes is US Route 2.  There are no trails maintained to the top of Black Crescent Mountain or Pond Hill. The highest point in Randolph is on the town's southern border, atop a 3,950-foot (1,200 m) knob on Howker Ridge, a spur of Mount Madison.
The settled part of Randolph is divided into two main areas: Randolph "valley", where town hall is, and Randolph Hill, which has several roads all connected to a main road called Randolph Hill Road. Randolph Hill has the site of the Mt. Crescent House (hotel), which opened in 1883 as the "Randolph Hill House" and was torn down in 1971. Randolph also had "Ravine House" on Durand Road, straight north of the Appalachia trailhead.  Other sections of town include the area west of Durand Road, which includes Valley Road and a number of houses along Route 2, towards Jefferson. The main Randolph train station was at Appalachia. Other, secondary stations included "Randolph East" on the Dolly Copp (or "Pinkham B") Road, and Bowman, at the height of land to the west. The only general store in Randolph is the Lowe's Store, on U.S. Route 2. There are two motels and one bed and breakfast within the town.
Temperatures in the summer can reach nearly 100 °F (38 °C), though that is exceedingly rare, with summer days seldom getting above the 80s (°F) and summer nights frequently being in the 50s or even the 40s. Temperatures in the winter can be below −40 °F (−40 °C).
Randolph, New Hampshire