Simon de Montfort returned to England in 1263, at the invitation of the barons who were now convinced of the King's hostility to all reform, and raised a rebellion with the avowed object of restoring the form of government which the Provisions had ordained.
Cancellation of debts (owed to Jews) was part of his call to arms.

These "cancellations" involved massacres of Jews by his followers, to obtain their financial records, for instance in Worcester and London.
The Worcester attack and killings were led by de Montfort's son Henry, and Robert Earl Ferrers.
In London, one of his key followers John fitz John led the attack, and is said to have killed leading Jewish figures Isaac fil Aaron and Cok fil Abraham with his bare hands.
He allegedly shared the loot with Montfort.
500 Jews died.

His son Simon led a further attack on Jews in Winchester.
Jews in Canterbury, were murdered or driven out in by a force led by Gilbert de Clare There was further violence in Lincoln, Cambridge, Wilton and Northampton.

Each attack was aimed at seizure of the records of debts, stored in locked chests within each community, called 'archae'.
Archae were legally mandated by the king for Jews to be allowed to conduct any business.
They were destroyed or gathered for instance at Ely by the rebels.

Henry quickly gave in and allowed Montfort to take control of the council.
His son Edward, however, began using patronage and bribes to win over many of the barons.
Their disruption of parliament in October led to a renewal of hostilities, which saw the royalists able to trap Simon in London.
With few other options available, Montfort agreed to allow Louis IX of France to arbitrate their dispute.
Simon was prevented from presenting his case to Louis directly on account of a broken leg, but little suspected that the King of France, known for his innate sense of justice, would completely annul the Provisions in his Mise of Amiens in January 1264.
Civil war broke out almost immediately, with the royalists again able to confine the reformist army in London.
In early May 1264, Simon marched out to give battle to the King and scored a spectacular triumph at the Battle of Lewes on 14 May 1264, capturing the King, together with Prince Edward and Richard of Cornwall, Henry's brother and the titular King of Germany.

Montfort announced after the Battle of Lewes that all debts owed to the Jews were cancelled, as he had promised.
Simon de Montfort returned to England in 1263, at the invitation of the barons who were now convinced of the King's hostility to all reform, and raised a rebellion with the avowed object of restoring the form of government which the Provisions had ordained. Cancellation of debts (owed to Jews) was part of his call to arms.
These "cancellations" involved massacres of Jews by his followers, to obtain their financial records, for instance in Worcester and London. The Worcester attack and killings were led by de Montfort's son Henry, and Robert Earl Ferrers. In London, one of his key followers John fitz John led the attack, and is said to have killed leading Jewish figures Isaac fil Aaron and Cok fil Abraham with his bare hands. He allegedly shared the loot with Montfort. 500 Jews died.
His son Simon led a further attack on Jews in Winchester. Jews in Canterbury, were murdered or driven out in by a force led by Gilbert de Clare There was further violence in Lincoln, Cambridge, Wilton and Northampton.
Each attack was aimed at seizure of the records of debts, stored in locked chests within each community, called 'archae'. Archae were legally mandated by the king for Jews to be allowed to conduct any business. They were destroyed or gathered for instance at Ely by the rebels.
Henry quickly gave in and allowed Montfort to take control of the council. His son Edward, however, began using patronage and bribes to win over many of the barons. Their disruption of parliament in October led to a renewal of hostilities, which saw the royalists able to trap Simon in London. With few other options available, Montfort agreed to allow Louis IX of France to arbitrate their dispute. Simon was prevented from presenting his case to Louis directly on account of a broken leg, but little suspected that the King of France, known for his innate sense of justice, would completely annul the Provisions in his Mise of Amiens in January 1264. Civil war broke out almost immediately, with the royalists again able to confine the reformist army in London. In early May 1264, Simon marched out to give battle to the King and scored a spectacular triumph at the Battle of Lewes on 14 May 1264, capturing the King, together with Prince Edward and Richard of Cornwall, Henry's brother and the titular King of Germany.
Montfort announced after the Battle of Lewes that all debts owed to the Jews were cancelled, as he had promised.
Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester