British reports of casualties in the battle listed 5 officers and 70 enlisted men killed or wounded.
 American casualties were reported to number about 140, including 28 killed.
 Cornwallis, satisfied with the victory, did not pursue the retreating Americans, and instead crossed the James as planned and moved on to Portsmouth.
 There his arrangements to embark troops were countermanded by new orders from Clinton that instead ordered him to use his force to establish a fortified naval station.
 This Cornwallis chose to do at Yorktown, where he was compelled to surrender after a brief siege in October 1781.

Lafayette, in his dispatches and reports throughout the later stages of the Virginia campaign, painted Cornwallis's movements to Williamsburg and Portsmouth as a retreat.
 These reports bolstered Lafayette's reputation, and the battle, although a tactical setback, did not harm that reputation.
 General Wayne wrote of his decision to charge the full British force that it was "one of those prudent, tho' daring manoeuvers which seldom fail of producing the desired effect; the result in this Instance fully Justified it."
 Lafayette publicly lauded Wayne's performance, but recorded privately that Wayne made tactical mistakes and the battle read well "in a gazette".
 Militia general Peter Muhlenberg blamed the loss on "the impetuosity of our brother Brigadier."
 Wayne biographer Paul Nelson opines that Americans of the day could "hardly decide after the battle whether to admire Wayne for his brave and impetuous character or to condemn him as a foolhardy adventurer."

Madness — Mad Anthony, by God, I never knew such a piece of work heard of — about eight hundred troops opposed to five or six thousand veterans on their own ground.

— unknown writer, New Jersey Gazette
British reports of casualties in the battle listed 5 officers and 70 enlisted men killed or wounded.  American casualties were reported to number about 140, including 28 killed.  Cornwallis, satisfied with the victory, did not pursue the retreating Americans, and instead crossed the James as planned and moved on to Portsmouth.  There his arrangements to embark troops were countermanded by new orders from Clinton that instead ordered him to use his force to establish a fortified naval station.  This Cornwallis chose to do at Yorktown, where he was compelled to surrender after a brief siege in October 1781.
Lafayette, in his dispatches and reports throughout the later stages of the Virginia campaign, painted Cornwallis's movements to Williamsburg and Portsmouth as a retreat.  These reports bolstered Lafayette's reputation, and the battle, although a tactical setback, did not harm that reputation.  General Wayne wrote of his decision to charge the full British force that it was "one of those prudent, tho' daring manoeuvers which seldom fail of producing the desired effect; the result in this Instance fully Justified it."  Lafayette publicly lauded Wayne's performance, but recorded privately that Wayne made tactical mistakes and the battle read well "in a gazette".  Militia general Peter Muhlenberg blamed the loss on "the impetuosity of our brother Brigadier."  Wayne biographer Paul Nelson opines that Americans of the day could "hardly decide after the battle whether to admire Wayne for his brave and impetuous character or to condemn him as a foolhardy adventurer."
Madness — Mad Anthony, by God, I never knew such a piece of work heard of — about eight hundred troops opposed to five or six thousand veterans on their own ground.
— unknown writer, New Jersey Gazette
Battle of Green Spring