There is a high diversity of animal life in the sanctuary with about 50 species of fishes, 21 species of amphibians, 34 species of reptiles, 227 species of birds and 55 species of mammals.
Mammal diversity is higher in the dry deciduous and dry thorn forests than in the other habitats.
Thirteen percent of all mammal species in India are present in Mudumalai wildlife sanctuary.

Of 15 cat species in India, four live in Mudumalai: Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, jungle cat and leopard cat.
There are 103 tigers in the Mudumalai forest.
The single largest tiger population in India (Mudumalai – Nagarhole – Wynad) includes the Mudumalai tigers.
These tigers are a breeding source for populating the northern and eastern parts of the Western Ghats.
This population exists at high density due to the high density of prey species thriving in its deciduous forests.

The Indian leopard (P. pardus fusca) (NT) is most often seen in the Kargudi area.
Other carnivores include the dhole (Cuon alpinus) (V), the striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) (NT), the golden jackal (Canis aureus) and the sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) (V).
The population of Indian elephants, Elephas maximus indicus (E), totals several hundred animals.
Three primates found here include the gray langur (Semnopithecus priam) and the bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata).
Important prey animals for large carnivores here are the ungulates including the gaur (Bos gaurus) (V), the sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) (VU), the chital deer (Axis axis), Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak), the Indian spotted chevrotain, Moschiola indica, and the wild boar (Sus scrofa), all of whom are common here.
Rodents include the Indian giant squirrel (Ratufa indica maxima) and the red giant flying squirrel (Petaurista petaurista).

Some reptiles found here are the Indian  python, flying lizard, King cobra, krait, Mugger crocodile and Asian pit vipers.
The monitor lizard is the most regularly observed species.
There is a high diversity of animal life in the sanctuary with about 50 species of fishes, 21 species of amphibians, 34 species of reptiles, 227 species of birds and 55 species of mammals. Mammal diversity is higher in the dry deciduous and dry thorn forests than in the other habitats. Thirteen percent of all mammal species in India are present in Mudumalai wildlife sanctuary.
Of 15 cat species in India, four live in Mudumalai: Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, jungle cat and leopard cat. There are 103 tigers in the Mudumalai forest. The single largest tiger population in India (Mudumalai – Nagarhole – Wynad) includes the Mudumalai tigers. These tigers are a breeding source for populating the northern and eastern parts of the Western Ghats. This population exists at high density due to the high density of prey species thriving in its deciduous forests.
The Indian leopard (P. pardus fusca) (NT) is most often seen in the Kargudi area. Other carnivores include the dhole (Cuon alpinus) (V), the striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) (NT), the golden jackal (Canis aureus) and the sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) (V). The population of Indian elephants, Elephas maximus indicus (E), totals several hundred animals. Three primates found here include the gray langur (Semnopithecus priam) and the bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata). Important prey animals for large carnivores here are the ungulates including the gaur (Bos gaurus) (V), the sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) (VU), the chital deer (Axis axis), Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak), the Indian spotted chevrotain, Moschiola indica, and the wild boar (Sus scrofa), all of whom are common here. Rodents include the Indian giant squirrel (Ratufa indica maxima) and the red giant flying squirrel (Petaurista petaurista).
Some reptiles found here are the Indian  python, flying lizard, King cobra, krait, Mugger crocodile and Asian pit vipers. The monitor lizard is the most regularly observed species.
Mudumalai National Park