In 1965, Seiichi Miyake used his own money to create tactile bricks, which have patterns of raised shapes on their surfaces that can be detected by touch.
He invented the blocks to help a friend who was starting to have visual impairment.
These patterns indicate different safety or hazard conditions, such as raised dots or blisters for "caution", or long parallel strips for "safe to move ahead".
They were also used to identify the boundary between footpath and the road.
There are generally two predominant types, namely, the bricks with dots and bricks with bars.
The former alerts the visually impaired of danger while the bars provide directional cues.
However, "the paths have been constructed inconsistently," in different times and places.

Tactile pavement surfaces were first introduced for pedestrian crossing in streets in 1965 by the Japanese engineer Seiichi Miyake.
A regular pattern of flattened domes, cones or blisters are introduced in the paving at the edge of the footpath and the road.

Two years later, on 18 March 1967, Okayama City (western Japan) was the first place to install this invention for visually impaired people.
The bricks' bright color is visible to people with low vision and cognitive impairments.

Ten years later, thanks to its safety and navigation benefits, the use of tactile bricks became mandatory in the Japan National Railway.
By 1985, it was mandated for broader use in Japan.
In 1965, Seiichi Miyake used his own money to create tactile bricks, which have patterns of raised shapes on their surfaces that can be detected by touch. He invented the blocks to help a friend who was starting to have visual impairment. These patterns indicate different safety or hazard conditions, such as raised dots or blisters for "caution", or long parallel strips for "safe to move ahead". They were also used to identify the boundary between footpath and the road. There are generally two predominant types, namely, the bricks with dots and bricks with bars. The former alerts the visually impaired of danger while the bars provide directional cues. However, "the paths have been constructed inconsistently," in different times and places.
Tactile pavement surfaces were first introduced for pedestrian crossing in streets in 1965 by the Japanese engineer Seiichi Miyake. A regular pattern of flattened domes, cones or blisters are introduced in the paving at the edge of the footpath and the road.
Two years later, on 18 March 1967, Okayama City (western Japan) was the first place to install this invention for visually impaired people. The bricks' bright color is visible to people with low vision and cognitive impairments.
Ten years later, thanks to its safety and navigation benefits, the use of tactile bricks became mandatory in the Japan National Railway. By 1985, it was mandated for broader use in Japan.
Seiichi Miyake