In December 1918, following the end of the Great War, Vogel returned to the United States.
He reverted to his permanent rank of captain and was assigned to Marine Barracks Quantico, Virginia.
From June to September 1919 he participated in the National Rifle Matches at Caldwell, New Jersey; he was then appointed commanding officer of the Marine detachment aboard the transport ship USS Pocahontas and took part in the repatriation of German prisoners of war.

The Pocahontas was decommissioned in November 1919, and Vogel was promoted to the permanent rank of major and ordered to his native Philadelphia as officer in charge of local recruiting district.
He was transferred to Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C. in December 1920 and commanded barracks until summer 1923.
Vogel also commanded his marines during the rescue works at the Knickerbocker Theatre Disaster in January 1922.

He left Washington, D.C. in July 1923 and joined the staff of Scouting Force under Rear Admiral Newton A. McCully as Fleet Marine Officer.
Vogel was ordered to Camp Perry, Ohio, in August 1925 and was in command of the Scoring Detachment at the National Rifle Matches.
He was subsequently ordered to the Field Officers' Course at the Marine Corps Schools, Quantico and graduated in May 1926.
His next assignment took him back to Washington, D.C. where he was attached to the Office of Judge Advocate General of the Navy under Rear Admiral Edward Hale Campbell.
While on duty in Washington, Vogel graduated from the postgraduate course in law at Georgetown University and was also promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in July 1928.

Vogel was ordered to Nicaragua in May 1929 and assumed duty as chief of staff to the commandant of the Nicaraguan National Guard under Anastasio Somoza García.
He served in that country during the combats with rebel forces under Augusto César Sandino and received Nicaraguan Presidential Medal of Merit with Diploma for service in that capacity.

Lieutenant Colonel Vogel was ordered to the United States in June 1930 and was appointed commanding officer of Marine barracks at Naval Operating Base, Hampton Roads, Virginia.
He remained there until November of that year and subsequently sailed for his second tour of duty in Haiti.
Vogel arrived at Port-au-Prince and assumed duty as chief of staff to the commandant of the Garde d'Haïti, Colonel Richard P. Williams.

He succeeded Williams as commandant of the Garde d'Haiti in June 1933 and was made acting major general in the Haitian Constabulary.
Vogel held this office until the withdrawal of U.S. forces from Haiti in August 1934 and was awarded a special letter of commendation by the Secretary of the Navy, Claude A. Swanson.
While in this capacity, Vogel was also decorated by the Government of Haiti and received Haitian National Order of Honour and Merit, rank Commander, Haitian Distinguished Service Medal, Haitian Military Medal and Haitian Brevet of Merit with Diploma.

Upon his return to the United States, Vogel was attached as newly promoted colonel to the Headquarters Marine Corps in Washington, D.C., and assumed duty in the Adjutant and Inspector's Department under Brigadier General David D. Porter.
He was promoted to the temporary rank of brigadier general in March 1937 and succeeded retiring general Porter as Adjutant and Inspector General of the Marine Corps.
While in this capacity, Vogel toured many bases across the Pacific and Caribbean and during his inspection at Marine Barracks at Coco Solo, Panama, in March 1939, he received word from Commandant Thomas Holcomb about the receiving of command of 2nd Marine Brigade.

Holcomb planned bring the brigade up to the fine standard of landing operation expertise now found in the 1st Marine Brigade and thought Vogel would fit the job.
Vogel was appointed to the permanent rank of brigadier general in February 1939 and succeeded John C. Beaumont in command of 2nd Marine Brigade in San Diego during September of that year.
In December 1918, following the end of the Great War, Vogel returned to the United States. He reverted to his permanent rank of captain and was assigned to Marine Barracks Quantico, Virginia. From June to September 1919 he participated in the National Rifle Matches at Caldwell, New Jersey; he was then appointed commanding officer of the Marine detachment aboard the transport ship USS Pocahontas and took part in the repatriation of German prisoners of war.
The Pocahontas was decommissioned in November 1919, and Vogel was promoted to the permanent rank of major and ordered to his native Philadelphia as officer in charge of local recruiting district. He was transferred to Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C. in December 1920 and commanded barracks until summer 1923. Vogel also commanded his marines during the rescue works at the Knickerbocker Theatre Disaster in January 1922.
He left Washington, D.C. in July 1923 and joined the staff of Scouting Force under Rear Admiral Newton A. McCully as Fleet Marine Officer. Vogel was ordered to Camp Perry, Ohio, in August 1925 and was in command of the Scoring Detachment at the National Rifle Matches. He was subsequently ordered to the Field Officers' Course at the Marine Corps Schools, Quantico and graduated in May 1926. His next assignment took him back to Washington, D.C. where he was attached to the Office of Judge Advocate General of the Navy under Rear Admiral Edward Hale Campbell. While on duty in Washington, Vogel graduated from the postgraduate course in law at Georgetown University and was also promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in July 1928.
Vogel was ordered to Nicaragua in May 1929 and assumed duty as chief of staff to the commandant of the Nicaraguan National Guard under Anastasio Somoza García. He served in that country during the combats with rebel forces under Augusto César Sandino and received Nicaraguan Presidential Medal of Merit with Diploma for service in that capacity.
Lieutenant Colonel Vogel was ordered to the United States in June 1930 and was appointed commanding officer of Marine barracks at Naval Operating Base, Hampton Roads, Virginia. He remained there until November of that year and subsequently sailed for his second tour of duty in Haiti. Vogel arrived at Port-au-Prince and assumed duty as chief of staff to the commandant of the Garde d'Haïti, Colonel Richard P. Williams.
He succeeded Williams as commandant of the Garde d'Haiti in June 1933 and was made acting major general in the Haitian Constabulary. Vogel held this office until the withdrawal of U.S. forces from Haiti in August 1934 and was awarded a special letter of commendation by the Secretary of the Navy, Claude A. Swanson. While in this capacity, Vogel was also decorated by the Government of Haiti and received Haitian National Order of Honour and Merit, rank Commander, Haitian Distinguished Service Medal, Haitian Military Medal and Haitian Brevet of Merit with Diploma.
Upon his return to the United States, Vogel was attached as newly promoted colonel to the Headquarters Marine Corps in Washington, D.C., and assumed duty in the Adjutant and Inspector's Department under Brigadier General David D. Porter. He was promoted to the temporary rank of brigadier general in March 1937 and succeeded retiring general Porter as Adjutant and Inspector General of the Marine Corps. While in this capacity, Vogel toured many bases across the Pacific and Caribbean and during his inspection at Marine Barracks at Coco Solo, Panama, in March 1939, he received word from Commandant Thomas Holcomb about the receiving of command of 2nd Marine Brigade.
Holcomb planned bring the brigade up to the fine standard of landing operation expertise now found in the 1st Marine Brigade and thought Vogel would fit the job. Vogel was appointed to the permanent rank of brigadier general in February 1939 and succeeded John C. Beaumont in command of 2nd Marine Brigade in San Diego during September of that year.
Clayton Barney Vogel