By the time Charles Calvert became governor, the population of the province had gradually become overwhelmingly Protestant due to immigration.
Political power however tended to remain concentrated in the hands of the largely Roman Catholic elite.
In spite of this demographic shift away from Catholicism, Calvert attempted to preserve Maryland's Catholic identity.
From 1669 to 1689, of 27 men who sat on the Governor's Council, just 8 were Protestant.
Most councillors were Catholics, and many were related by blood or marriage to the Calverts, enjoying political patronage and often lucrative offices such as commands in the militia or sinecures in the Land Office.

Much conflict between Calvert and his subjects turned on the question of how far English law should be applied in Maryland, and to what degree the proprietary government might exercise its own prerogative outside of the law.
Delegates to the assembly wished to establish the "full force and power" of the law but Calvert, ever protective of his prerogative, insisted that only he and his councillors might decide where and when English law should apply.
Such uncertainty could and did permit the charge of arbitrary government.

Calvert acted in various ways to restrain the influence of the Protestant majority.
In 1670 he restricted suffrage to men who owned 50 acres (200,000 m²) or more, or held property worth more than 40 pounds.
He also restricted election to Maryland's House of Delegates to those who owned at least 1,000 acres (4 km²) of land.
In 1676 he directed the voters to return half as many delegates to the assembly, two instead of four.
Measures like these might make the assembly easier to manage, but they tended to strain relations between Calvert and his subjects.
By the time Charles Calvert became governor, the population of the province had gradually become overwhelmingly Protestant due to immigration. Political power however tended to remain concentrated in the hands of the largely Roman Catholic elite. In spite of this demographic shift away from Catholicism, Calvert attempted to preserve Maryland's Catholic identity. From 1669 to 1689, of 27 men who sat on the Governor's Council, just 8 were Protestant. Most councillors were Catholics, and many were related by blood or marriage to the Calverts, enjoying political patronage and often lucrative offices such as commands in the militia or sinecures in the Land Office.
Much conflict between Calvert and his subjects turned on the question of how far English law should be applied in Maryland, and to what degree the proprietary government might exercise its own prerogative outside of the law. Delegates to the assembly wished to establish the "full force and power" of the law but Calvert, ever protective of his prerogative, insisted that only he and his councillors might decide where and when English law should apply. Such uncertainty could and did permit the charge of arbitrary government.
Calvert acted in various ways to restrain the influence of the Protestant majority. In 1670 he restricted suffrage to men who owned 50 acres (200,000 m²) or more, or held property worth more than 40 pounds. He also restricted election to Maryland's House of Delegates to those who owned at least 1,000 acres (4 km²) of land. In 1676 he directed the voters to return half as many delegates to the assembly, two instead of four. Measures like these might make the assembly easier to manage, but they tended to strain relations between Calvert and his subjects.
Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore