The orbiter carries a complement of six instruments and one technology demonstration:
Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) 
The primary goal of the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation is to characterize the global lunar radiation environment and its biological impacts.

Diviner 
The Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment measures lunar surface thermal emission to provide information for future surface operations and exploration.

Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) 
The Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project peers into permanently shadowed craters in search of water ice, using ultraviolet light generated by stars as well as the hydrogen atoms that are thinly spread throughout the Solar System.

Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) 
The Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector provides measurements, creates maps, and detects possible near-surface water ice deposits.

Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) 
The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation provides a precise global lunar topographic model and geodetic grid.

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) 
The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera addresses the measurement requirements of landing site certification and polar illumination.
LROC comprises a pair of narrow-angle push-broom imaging cameras (NAC) and a single wide-angle camera (WAC).
LROC has flown several times over the historic Apollo lunar landing sites at 50 km (31 mi) altitude; with the camera's high resolution, the Lunar Roving Vehicles and Lunar Module descent stages and their respective shadows are clearly visible, along with other equipment previously left on the Moon.
The mission is returning approximately 70–100 terabytes of image data.
It is expected that this photography will boost public acknowledgement of the validity of the landings, and further discredit Apollo conspiracy theories.

Mini-RF 
The Miniature Radio Frequency radar demonstrated new lightweight SAR and communications technologies and located potential water-ice.
The orbiter carries a complement of six instruments and one technology demonstration:
Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) 
The primary goal of the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation is to characterize the global lunar radiation environment and its biological impacts.
Diviner 
The Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment measures lunar surface thermal emission to provide information for future surface operations and exploration.
Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) 
The Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project peers into permanently shadowed craters in search of water ice, using ultraviolet light generated by stars as well as the hydrogen atoms that are thinly spread throughout the Solar System.
Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) 
The Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector provides measurements, creates maps, and detects possible near-surface water ice deposits.
Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) 
The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation provides a precise global lunar topographic model and geodetic grid.
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) 
The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera addresses the measurement requirements of landing site certification and polar illumination. LROC comprises a pair of narrow-angle push-broom imaging cameras (NAC) and a single wide-angle camera (WAC). LROC has flown several times over the historic Apollo lunar landing sites at 50 km (31 mi) altitude; with the camera's high resolution, the Lunar Roving Vehicles and Lunar Module descent stages and their respective shadows are clearly visible, along with other equipment previously left on the Moon. The mission is returning approximately 70–100 terabytes of image data. It is expected that this photography will boost public acknowledgement of the validity of the landings, and further discredit Apollo conspiracy theories.
Mini-RF 
The Miniature Radio Frequency radar demonstrated new lightweight SAR and communications technologies and located potential water-ice.
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter