Nepenthes klossii is endemic to the Indonesian province of Papua in New Guinea.
It has been recorded from the regencies of Merauke and Paniai, as well as the lower slopes of Puncak Jaya.
The species has a wide altitudinal distribution, ranging from 930 to 2000 m above sea level.

The typical habitat of N. klossii consists of high altitude swampy forest, although it may also occur in grassland.
At one location, N. klossii is sympatric with a miniature form of N. maxima at 1700 m and putative hybrids with this species have been recorded there.
This population is greatly threatened as the habitat is "scheduled to be cleared for development".

Nepenthes klossii is extremely rare in the wild and its conservation status is listed as Endangered on the 2014 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species based on an assessment carried out in 2000.
Stewart McPherson states that it is very difficult to assess the conservation status of this species as it is so poorly known.
The only easily accessible population of N. klossii is threatened by a road planned to run through its habitat, the construction of which had already begun as of March 2009.
Other populations of this species are far less accessible and some have not been observed in decades.
Nepenthes klossii is endemic to the Indonesian province of Papua in New Guinea. It has been recorded from the regencies of Merauke and Paniai, as well as the lower slopes of Puncak Jaya. The species has a wide altitudinal distribution, ranging from 930 to 2000 m above sea level.
The typical habitat of N. klossii consists of high altitude swampy forest, although it may also occur in grassland. At one location, N. klossii is sympatric with a miniature form of N. maxima at 1700 m and putative hybrids with this species have been recorded there. This population is greatly threatened as the habitat is "scheduled to be cleared for development".
Nepenthes klossii is extremely rare in the wild and its conservation status is listed as Endangered on the 2014 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species based on an assessment carried out in 2000. Stewart McPherson states that it is very difficult to assess the conservation status of this species as it is so poorly known. The only easily accessible population of N. klossii is threatened by a road planned to run through its habitat, the construction of which had already begun as of March 2009. Other populations of this species are far less accessible and some have not been observed in decades.
Nepenthes klossii