In 1841, the Berlin-Anhalt Railway Company (Berlin-Anhaltische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft) had built its first station building in Roßlau for the construction of its main line from Berlin via Wittenberg and Dessau to Köthen.
The Dessau–Coswig section was inaugurated on 17 August 1841.
Services were running regularly to the Anhalt station by 10 September 1841.
The cost of the first small building was stated to be 2,169 thalers.
In the following year an extension was added for a post-Expeditions-Lokale ("post journey bar").

The present main building of the station was built in 1866 and its predecessor to its north was demolished in the following year.
Additional tracks were laid in the 1870s in response to the extension of the Anhalt Leopold's railway from Zerbst to Magdeburg and the construction of the Wittenberg Falkenberg railway.
The thus greatly increasing freight traffic—in particular for the transport of coal from Upper Silesia—required the establishment of a direct connection between the Wittenberg line and the Zerbst line; an area called the Eisenbahninsel ("railway island") was created by the triangle of lines thus created.
The current freight yard was also established at this time and opened on 15 October 1877.

To enable the operation of through passenger service between Magdeburg/Zerbst and Coswig/Wittenberg, a second station was built in the western tip of the "railway Island"—Roßlau Neue (new) station—and opened on 15 May 1876.
For through passengers this provided a little improvement, but for all other passengers it meant a significant deterioration since the trains on the Zerbst—Dessau route now stopped alternately at the old station or the new station.
As a result, the "New station" was closed on 15 October 1883.

One last major renovation of the passenger station was carried out between 1904 and September 1906: the island platform was built and connected by a pedestrian tunnel and canopies were built over both platforms.
This work cost 228,000 gold marks.
Even the freight yard continued to grow gradually, as it received a large increase in traffic in 1931 as a result of the transfer of marshalling traffic from Dessau marshalling yard.

In 1923, electric operations commenced on the Dessau–Roßlau–Zerbst line.
The catenary was dismantled in 1945 as war reparations to the Soviet Union.
In 1958, Roßlau station was reconnected to Deutsche Reichsbahn’s electrified network with the electrication of the track from Roßlau freight yard to Bitterfeld.
The line to Zerbst and Magdeburg was electrified in 1974 and to Lutherstadt Wittenberg in 1985.
 Electrical services were introduced on the line via Wiesenburg in 1992.

The station building including 1,200 m² of land was sold in April 2013.
In 1841, the Berlin-Anhalt Railway Company (Berlin-Anhaltische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft) had built its first station building in Roßlau for the construction of its main line from Berlin via Wittenberg and Dessau to Köthen. The Dessau–Coswig section was inaugurated on 17 August 1841. Services were running regularly to the Anhalt station by 10 September 1841. The cost of the first small building was stated to be 2,169 thalers. In the following year an extension was added for a post-Expeditions-Lokale ("post journey bar").
The present main building of the station was built in 1866 and its predecessor to its north was demolished in the following year. Additional tracks were laid in the 1870s in response to the extension of the Anhalt Leopold's railway from Zerbst to Magdeburg and the construction of the Wittenberg Falkenberg railway. The thus greatly increasing freight traffic—in particular for the transport of coal from Upper Silesia—required the establishment of a direct connection between the Wittenberg line and the Zerbst line; an area called the Eisenbahninsel ("railway island") was created by the triangle of lines thus created. The current freight yard was also established at this time and opened on 15 October 1877.
To enable the operation of through passenger service between Magdeburg/Zerbst and Coswig/Wittenberg, a second station was built in the western tip of the "railway Island"—Roßlau Neue (new) station—and opened on 15 May 1876. For through passengers this provided a little improvement, but for all other passengers it meant a significant deterioration since the trains on the Zerbst—Dessau route now stopped alternately at the old station or the new station. As a result, the "New station" was closed on 15 October 1883.
One last major renovation of the passenger station was carried out between 1904 and September 1906: the island platform was built and connected by a pedestrian tunnel and canopies were built over both platforms. This work cost 228,000 gold marks. Even the freight yard continued to grow gradually, as it received a large increase in traffic in 1931 as a result of the transfer of marshalling traffic from Dessau marshalling yard.
In 1923, electric operations commenced on the Dessau–Roßlau–Zerbst line. The catenary was dismantled in 1945 as war reparations to the Soviet Union. In 1958, Roßlau station was reconnected to Deutsche Reichsbahn’s electrified network with the electrication of the track from Roßlau freight yard to Bitterfeld. The line to Zerbst and Magdeburg was electrified in 1974 and to Lutherstadt Wittenberg in 1985.  Electrical services were introduced on the line via Wiesenburg in 1992.
The station building including 1,200 m² of land was sold in April 2013.
Roßlau (Elbe) station