In 1993, Serdyukov graduated from the Frunze Military Academy.
He became deputy commander of a regiment in the 76th Guards Airborne Division.
Serdyukov fought in the First Chechen War.
In 1995 he took command of the 237th Guards Airborne Regiment in the division.
 Between 1997 and 1998 he was chief of staff, deputy commander, and commander of the 104th Guards Airborne Regiment in the division.
He was later deputy commander of the division.
Serdyukov was a deputy brigade commander of Russian units in Kosovo.
In Kosovo, he participated in the Incident at Pristina airport, a standoff between the Russian troops and NATO peacekeeping forces.

On 10 March 2002, Serdyukov became acting commander of the 138th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade in the Leningrad Military District.
He was confirmed in the post on 11 July 2002, and commanded the brigade until 9 June 2003.
From June 2004 to 2007, Serdyukov was commander of the 106th Guards Airborne Division.
After his 2009 graduation from the Military Academy of the General Staff, Serdyukov became deputy commander of the 5th Red Banner Army.
He took command of the army in January 2011.
In February 2013, Serdyukov became deputy commander of the Southern Military District.
On 4 October 2013, Serdyukov became chief of staff and first deputy commander of the Southern Military District.

Serdyukov led Russian forces in the spring 2014 Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation.
Using the code name "Sedov", Serdyukov commanded the grouping of Russian troops in the Donbass in August 2015.
On 4 October 2016, Serdyukov was appointed commander of the Russian Airborne Troops, replacing Colonel General Vladimir Shamanov.
He was presented the Airborne flag on 10 October by defense minister Sergey Shoygu.

On 15 September 2017, Serdyukov was seriously injured during an accident on the R21 highway in Murmansk Oblast while supervising Airborne exercises in which a Chevrolet Lanos smashed into his minivan, rolling it over.
The crash was reported in the Russian media four days later, with Serdyukov reported to be in "satisfactory condition" with a serious craniocerebral trauma and fracture of the back; he was taken to the intensive care unit of the 1469th Naval Military Hospital of the Northern Fleet.
Airborne Troops deputy commander Major General Vladimir Kochetkov also suffered fractures, while the driver of the passenger car was killed.
Serdyukov recovered by 15 November, when he chaired a meeting of the Military Council of the Airborne Troops.

From 10 April 2019 to late September 2019, he was the Commander of the Russian armed forces deployed to Syria.
In 1993, Serdyukov graduated from the Frunze Military Academy. He became deputy commander of a regiment in the 76th Guards Airborne Division. Serdyukov fought in the First Chechen War. In 1995 he took command of the 237th Guards Airborne Regiment in the division.  Between 1997 and 1998 he was chief of staff, deputy commander, and commander of the 104th Guards Airborne Regiment in the division. He was later deputy commander of the division. Serdyukov was a deputy brigade commander of Russian units in Kosovo. In Kosovo, he participated in the Incident at Pristina airport, a standoff between the Russian troops and NATO peacekeeping forces.
On 10 March 2002, Serdyukov became acting commander of the 138th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade in the Leningrad Military District. He was confirmed in the post on 11 July 2002, and commanded the brigade until 9 June 2003. From June 2004 to 2007, Serdyukov was commander of the 106th Guards Airborne Division. After his 2009 graduation from the Military Academy of the General Staff, Serdyukov became deputy commander of the 5th Red Banner Army. He took command of the army in January 2011. In February 2013, Serdyukov became deputy commander of the Southern Military District. On 4 October 2013, Serdyukov became chief of staff and first deputy commander of the Southern Military District.
Serdyukov led Russian forces in the spring 2014 Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. Using the code name "Sedov", Serdyukov commanded the grouping of Russian troops in the Donbass in August 2015. On 4 October 2016, Serdyukov was appointed commander of the Russian Airborne Troops, replacing Colonel General Vladimir Shamanov. He was presented the Airborne flag on 10 October by defense minister Sergey Shoygu.
On 15 September 2017, Serdyukov was seriously injured during an accident on the R21 highway in Murmansk Oblast while supervising Airborne exercises in which a Chevrolet Lanos smashed into his minivan, rolling it over. The crash was reported in the Russian media four days later, with Serdyukov reported to be in "satisfactory condition" with a serious craniocerebral trauma and fracture of the back; he was taken to the intensive care unit of the 1469th Naval Military Hospital of the Northern Fleet. Airborne Troops deputy commander Major General Vladimir Kochetkov also suffered fractures, while the driver of the passenger car was killed. Serdyukov recovered by 15 November, when he chaired a meeting of the Military Council of the Airborne Troops.
From 10 April 2019 to late September 2019, he was the Commander of the Russian armed forces deployed to Syria.
Andrey Serdyukov