Today, the monastery features the architecture of a small town, with buildings of various heights and many domes.
It is the largest of the monasteries on the peninsula.
Although destroyed by a fire in 1968, one wing of the monastery was used as the guest quarters, with a capacity of 1,000 monks.
The monastery's katholikon (main church) was built between 1812–1821 and is dedicated to St. Panteleimon.
It features the same style found in all the Athonite churches.
Aside from the katholikon, the monastery has many smaller chapels.


The library is housed in a separate building in the monastery's court.
It contains 1,320 Greek manuscripts and another 600 Slavonic ones, as well as 25,000 printed books.
In addition, the library has a few priceless relics, such as the head of Saint Panteleimon, one of the most popular saints in Russia.
The 19th-century monastery bells are said to be the largest in Greece.
There is a daughter community at the monastery at New Athos, Abkhazia.

After the transfer of Athos to the Kingdom of Greece in 1912, and especially with the start of World War I in 1914, the stream of pilgrims and monks from Russia was disrupted and later was strictly controlled by the government of Greece until the collapse of the USSR in 1991.
As a result, the number of Russian monks in the monastery and on Mount Athos generally, was reduced from several thousand in the 1900s to 13 in the early 1970s.

In the 1990s, Greece relaxed its restrictive policy and the monastery has since undergone a relative revival.
As of May 2016, there are approximately 70 Russian and Ukrainian monks.
Today, the monastery features the architecture of a small town, with buildings of various heights and many domes. It is the largest of the monasteries on the peninsula. Although destroyed by a fire in 1968, one wing of the monastery was used as the guest quarters, with a capacity of 1,000 monks. The monastery's katholikon (main church) was built between 1812–1821 and is dedicated to St. Panteleimon. It features the same style found in all the Athonite churches. Aside from the katholikon, the monastery has many smaller chapels. 

The library is housed in a separate building in the monastery's court. It contains 1,320 Greek manuscripts and another 600 Slavonic ones, as well as 25,000 printed books. In addition, the library has a few priceless relics, such as the head of Saint Panteleimon, one of the most popular saints in Russia. The 19th-century monastery bells are said to be the largest in Greece. There is a daughter community at the monastery at New Athos, Abkhazia. 
After the transfer of Athos to the Kingdom of Greece in 1912, and especially with the start of World War I in 1914, the stream of pilgrims and monks from Russia was disrupted and later was strictly controlled by the government of Greece until the collapse of the USSR in 1991. As a result, the number of Russian monks in the monastery and on Mount Athos generally, was reduced from several thousand in the 1900s to 13 in the early 1970s.
In the 1990s, Greece relaxed its restrictive policy and the monastery has since undergone a relative revival. As of May 2016, there are approximately 70 Russian and Ukrainian monks.
St. Panteleimon Monastery