New species are often being discovered and described in this genus where speciation runs rampant in isolated areas, involving speciation by hybridization.

Melanoplus adelogyrus – Volusia grasshopper, St. Johns short-wing grasshopper
Melanoplus alpinus – alpine grasshopper
Melanoplus angustipennis – narrow-winged sand grasshopper, narrow-winged spur-throat grasshopper
Melanoplus bispinosus – two-spined spurthroated grasshopper
Melanoplus bivittatus – two-striped grasshopper
Melanoplus borealis – northern spur-throat grasshopper
Melanoplus bowditchi – sagebrush grasshopper
Melanoplus bruneri – Bruner's spur-throat grasshopper
Melanoplus confusus – pasture grasshopper
Melanoplus dawsonii – Dawson's grasshopper
Melanoplus devastator – devastating grasshopper
Melanoplus differentialis – differential grasshopper
Melanoplus femurrubrum – red-legged grasshopper
Melanoplus foedus – striped sand grasshopper
Melanoplus foxi Hebard, 1923
Melanoplus gladstoni – Gladston's (spur-throat) grasshopper
Melanoplus infantilis – little spur-throat grasshopper
Melanoplus keeleri – Keeler's spur-throat grasshopper
Melanoplus kennicotti – Kennicott grasshopper
Melanoplus lakinus – Lakin grasshopper
Melanoplus ludivinae Fontana, Buzzetti & Marino-Perez, 2011
Melanoplus mixes Fontana, Buzzetti & Marino-Perez, 2011
Melanoplus nossi– Noss' spur throat grasshopper
Melanoplus oaxacae Fontana, Buzzetti & Marino-Perez, 2011
Melanoplus occidentalis – flabellate grasshopper
Melanoplus packardii – Packard's grasshopper
Melanoplus punctulatus – pine tree spur-throat grasshopper
Melanoplus rugglesi – Nevada sage grasshopper
Melanoplus sanguinipes – migratory grasshopper
Melanoplus scudderi – Scudder's short-winged grasshopper
†Melanoplus spretus – Rocky Mountain locust (extinct: 1902)
Melanoplus stonei – Stone's grasshopper
Melanoplus viridipes – green-legged grasshopper
Melanoplus walshii – Walsh's short-wing grasshopper
New species are often being discovered and described in this genus where speciation runs rampant in isolated areas, involving speciation by hybridization.
Melanoplus adelogyrus – Volusia grasshopper, St. Johns short-wing grasshopper
Melanoplus alpinus – alpine grasshopper
Melanoplus angustipennis – narrow-winged sand grasshopper, narrow-winged spur-throat grasshopper
Melanoplus bispinosus – two-spined spurthroated grasshopper
Melanoplus bivittatus – two-striped grasshopper
Melanoplus borealis – northern spur-throat grasshopper
Melanoplus bowditchi – sagebrush grasshopper
Melanoplus bruneri – Bruner's spur-throat grasshopper
Melanoplus confusus – pasture grasshopper
Melanoplus dawsonii – Dawson's grasshopper
Melanoplus devastator – devastating grasshopper
Melanoplus differentialis – differential grasshopper
Melanoplus femurrubrum – red-legged grasshopper
Melanoplus foedus – striped sand grasshopper
Melanoplus foxi Hebard, 1923
Melanoplus gladstoni – Gladston's (spur-throat) grasshopper
Melanoplus infantilis – little spur-throat grasshopper
Melanoplus keeleri – Keeler's spur-throat grasshopper
Melanoplus kennicotti – Kennicott grasshopper
Melanoplus lakinus – Lakin grasshopper
Melanoplus ludivinae Fontana, Buzzetti & Marino-Perez, 2011
Melanoplus mixes Fontana, Buzzetti & Marino-Perez, 2011
Melanoplus nossi– Noss' spur throat grasshopper
Melanoplus oaxacae Fontana, Buzzetti & Marino-Perez, 2011
Melanoplus occidentalis – flabellate grasshopper
Melanoplus packardii – Packard's grasshopper
Melanoplus punctulatus – pine tree spur-throat grasshopper
Melanoplus rugglesi – Nevada sage grasshopper
Melanoplus sanguinipes – migratory grasshopper
Melanoplus scudderi – Scudder's short-winged grasshopper
†Melanoplus spretus – Rocky Mountain locust (extinct: 1902)
Melanoplus stonei – Stone's grasshopper
Melanoplus viridipes – green-legged grasshopper
Melanoplus walshii – Walsh's short-wing grasshopper
Melanoplus