which kind of tissue transmits signals across a synapse
Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter systems in the brain System Pathway origin and projections Regulated cognitive processes and behaviors Noradrenaline system Noradrenergic pathways : Locus coeruleus ( LC ) projections LC → Amygdala and Hippocampus LC → Brain stem and Spinal cord LC → Cerebellum LC → Cerebral cortex LC → Hypothalamus LC → Tectum LC → Thalamus LC → Ventral tegmental area Lateral tegmental field ( LTF ) projections LTF → Brain stem and Spinal cord LTF → Olfactory bulb anxiety arousal ( wakefulness ) circadian rhythm cognitive control and working memory ( co-regulated by dopamine ) feeding and energy homeostasis medullary control of respiration negative emotional memory nociception ( perception of pain ) reward ( minor role ) Dopamine system Dopaminergic pathways : Ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) projections VTA → Amygdala VTA → Cingulate cortex VTA → Hippocampus VTA → Ventral striatum ( Mesolimbic pathway ) VTA → Olfactory bulb VTA → Prefrontal cortex ( Mesocortical pathway ) Nigrostriatal pathway Substantia nigra pars compacta → Dorsal striatum Tuberoinfundibular pathway Arcuate nucleus → Median eminence arousal ( wakefulness ) aversion cognitive control and working memory ( co-regulated by norepinephrine ) emotion and mood motivation ( motivational salience ) motor function positive reinforcement reward ( primary mediator ) sexual arousal , orgasm , and refractory period ( via neuroendocrine regulation ) Histamine system Histaminergic pathways : Tuberomammillary nucleus ( TMN ) projections TMN → Cerebral cortex TMN → Hippocampus TMN → Neostriatum TMN → Nucleus accumbens TMN → Amygdala TMN → Hypothalamus arousal ( wakefulness ) feeding and energy homeostasis learning memory Serotonin system Serotonergic pathways : Caudal nuclei ( CN ) : Raphe magnus , raphe pallidus , and raphe obscurus Caudal projections CN → Cerebral cortex CN → Thalamus CN → Caudate - putamen and nucleus accumbens CN → Substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area Rostral nuclei ( RN ) : Nucleus linearis , dorsal raphe , medial raphe , and raphe pontis Rostral projections RN → Amygdala RN → Cingulate cortex RN → Hippocampus RN → Hypothalamus RN → Neocortex RN → Septum RN → Thalamus RN → Ventral tegmental area arousal ( wakefulness ) body temperature regulation emotion and mood , potentially including aggression feeding and energy homeostasis reward ( minor role ) sensory perception Acetylcholine system Cholinergic pathways : Forebrain cholinergic nuclei ( FCN ) : Nucleus basalis of Meynert , medial septal nucleus , and diagonal band Forebrain nuclei projections FCN → Hippocampus FCN → Cerebral cortex FCN → Limbic cortex and sensory cortex Brainstem cholinergic nuclei ( BCN ) : Pedunculopontine nucleus , laterodorsal tegmentum , medial habenula , and parabigeminal nucleus Brainstem nuclei projections BCN → Ventral tegmental area BCN → Thalamus arousal ( wakefulness ) emotion and mood learning motor function motivation ( motivational salience ) short - term memory reward ( minor role )
Neurotransmitter systems in the brain System Pathway origin and projections Regulated cognitive processes and behaviors Noradrenaline system Noradrenergic pathways : Locus coeruleus ( LC ) projections LC → Amygdala and Hippocampus LC → Brain stem and Spinal cord LC → Cerebellum LC → Cerebral cortex LC → Hypothalamus LC → Tectum LC → Thalamus LC → Ventral tegmental area Lateral tegmental field ( LTF ) projections LTF → Brain stem and Spinal cord LTF → Olfactory bulb anxiety arousal ( wakefulness ) circadian rhythm cognitive control and working memory ( co-regulated by dopamine ) feeding and energy homeostasis medullary control of respiration negative emotional memory nociception ( perception of pain ) reward ( minor role ) Dopamine system Dopaminergic pathways : Ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) projections VTA → Amygdala VTA → Cingulate cortex VTA → Hippocampus VTA → Ventral striatum ( Mesolimbic pathway ) VTA → Olfactory bulb VTA → Prefrontal cortex ( Mesocortical pathway ) Nigrostriatal pathway Substantia nigra pars compacta → Dorsal striatum Tuberoinfundibular pathway Arcuate nucleus → Median eminence arousal ( wakefulness ) aversion cognitive control and working memory ( co-regulated by norepinephrine ) emotion and mood motivation ( motivational salience ) motor function positive reinforcement reward ( primary mediator ) sexual arousal , orgasm , and refractory period ( via neuroendocrine regulation ) Histamine system Histaminergic pathways : Tuberomammillary nucleus ( TMN ) projections TMN → Cerebral cortex TMN → Hippocampus TMN → Neostriatum TMN → Nucleus accumbens TMN → Amygdala TMN → Hypothalamus arousal ( wakefulness ) feeding and energy homeostasis learning memory Serotonin system Serotonergic pathways : Caudal nuclei ( CN ) : Raphe magnus , raphe pallidus , and raphe obscurus Caudal projections CN → Cerebral cortex CN → Thalamus CN → Caudate - putamen and nucleus accumbens CN → Substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area Rostral nuclei ( RN ) : Nucleus linearis , dorsal raphe , medial raphe , and raphe pontis Rostral projections RN → Amygdala RN → Cingulate cortex RN → Hippocampus RN → Hypothalamus RN → Neocortex RN → Septum RN → Thalamus RN → Ventral tegmental area arousal ( wakefulness ) body temperature regulation emotion and mood , potentially including aggression feeding and energy homeostasis reward ( minor role ) sensory perception Acetylcholine system Cholinergic pathways : Forebrain cholinergic nuclei ( FCN ) : Nucleus basalis of Meynert , medial septal nucleus , and diagonal band Forebrain nuclei projections FCN → Hippocampus FCN → Cerebral cortex FCN → Limbic cortex and sensory cortex Brainstem cholinergic nuclei ( BCN ) : Pedunculopontine nucleus , laterodorsal tegmentum , medial habenula , and parabigeminal nucleus Brainstem nuclei projections BCN → Ventral tegmental area BCN → Thalamus arousal ( wakefulness ) emotion and mood learning motor function motivation ( motivational salience ) short - term memory reward ( minor role )