what are increasing and decreasing returns to scale
Returns to scale
The laws of returns to scale are a set of three interrelated and sequential laws : Law of Increasing Returns to Scale , Law of Constant Returns to Scale , and Law of Diminishing returns to Scale . If output increases by that same proportional change as all inputs change then there are constant returns to scale ( CRS ) . If output increases by less than that proportional change in inputs , there are decreasing returns to scale ( DRS ) . If output increases by more than the proportional change in inputs , there are increasing returns to scale ( IRS ) . A firm 's production function could exhibit different types of returns to scale in different ranges of output . Typically , there could be increasing returns at relatively low output levels , decreasing returns at relatively high output levels , and constant returns at one output level between those ranges . 
The laws of returns to scale are a set of three interrelated and sequential laws : Law of Increasing Returns to Scale , Law of Constant Returns to Scale , and Law of Diminishing returns to Scale . If output increases by that same proportional change as all inputs change then there are constant returns to scale ( CRS ) . If output increases by less than that proportional change in inputs , there are decreasing returns to scale ( DRS ) . If output increases by more than the proportional change in inputs , there are increasing returns to scale ( IRS ) . A firm 's production function could exhibit different types of returns to scale in different ranges of output . Typically , there could be increasing returns at relatively low output levels , decreasing returns at relatively high output levels , and constant returns at one output level between those ranges .
The laws of returns to scale are a set of three interrelated and sequential laws: Law of Increasing Returns to Scale, Law of Constant Returns to Scale, and Law of Diminishing returns to Scale.  If output increases by less than that proportional change in inputs, there are decreasing returns to scale.   If output increases by more than the proportional change in inputs, there are increasing returns to scale.  Typically, there could be increasing returns at relatively low output levels and decreasing returns at relatively high output levels.
The laws of returns to scale are a set of three interrelated and sequential laws : Law of Increasing Returns to Scale , Law of Constant Returns to Scale , and Law of Diminishing returns to Scale . If output increases by less than that proportional change in inputs , there are decreasing returns to scale ( DRS ) . If output increases by more than the proportional change in inputs , there are increasing returns to scale ( IRS ) . Typically , there could be increasing returns at relatively low output levels , decreasing returns at relatively high output levels , and constant returns at one output level between those ranges .
The laws of returns to scale are a set of three interrelated and sequential laws : Law of Increasing Returns to Scale , Law of Constant Returns to Scale , and Law of Diminishing returns to Scale . If output increases by less than that proportional change in inputs , there are decreasing returns to scale ( DRS ) . If output increases by more than the proportional change in inputs , there are increasing returns to scale ( IRS ) .
The laws of returns to scale are a set of three interrelated and sequential laws : Law of Increasing Returns to Scale , Law of Constant Returns to Scale , and Law of Diminishing returns to Scale . If output increases by less than that proportional change in inputs , there are decreasing returns to scale ( DRS ) . If output increases by more than the proportional change in inputs , there are increasing returns to scale ( IRS ) .