The day before Commencement at Harvard University, known as Class Day, traditionally feels like a party, an exuberant and colorful springtime affair. The entire Harvard family turns out to celebrate the impending arrival of a newly minted class of graduates. Campy takes on archaic pomp and skewered pomposity are the day’s hallmarks. That is why a fiery pro-war speech by an alumni leader and students’ irate response rated front-page headlines in the New York Times and other newspapers.

Supposedly welcoming the new graduates to the ranks of the alumni, alumni leader David Sigourney talked instead about the need for them to fight a distant war. He declared, “We should consider it a duty and a privilege to fight for the safety of our country.” He added that his generation of veterans “would be proud to see our boys go out there and do the job again.” The Harvard boys responded with taunts of “Throw him out!” Their booing drowned out most of his speech after that, with some in the crowd coming to blows. Fearing more protest, Harvard authorities took steps to avert further demonstrations the next day.

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A Vietnam-era protest? No, in fact many of those protesting that Class Day, June 19, 1940, would later be parents of young people demonstrating against the Vietnam War. Sigourney was a member of the Harvard Class of 1915 and a First World War veteran. The day before he spoke France’s armed forces had capitulated to Nazi Germany, consolidating Hitler’s conquest of virtually all of Europe, from the Arctic Circle south to the Mediterranean Sea, from the Atlantic to the Soviet border. Hitler’s victories vastly raised the stakes in an ongoing battle between a generation of American parents and their children the likes of which would not be seen again for another twenty-five years. As would happen in the Vietnam era, young people said no to a war that their parents’ generation expected them to fight.

The “generation gap” was a term coined to explain the cultural upheavals of the 1960s. Many parents of draft age children during the Vietnam War had served in World War Two. They reacted with particular bitterness to student antiwar demonstrations. Today we recall the 1960s as a uniquely deep fracture between old and young. However, we forget how badly divided were the generations before the United States entry into World War Two. The intergenerational split ran every bit as deep as that of the Vietnam War period. Call it the “Greatest Generation Gap.”

MORE: 10 Timeless Pieces of Advice from Commencement Addresses

Those Harvard protesters were by no means alone. For four days in February 1940, thousands of young people marched on Washington for the American Youth Congress, an organization formed in support of jobs and scholarships for young people. They also came to show their opposition to American intervention in Europe. They marched down Pennsylvania Avenue, chanting antiwar slogans and carrying signs declaring, “Scholarships Not Battleships” and “Work Not War.” Invited onto the White House grounds, they heckled President Franklin Roosevelt when, in an address from the White House balcony to the crowd, he chided their youthful impatience with government economic relief programs. Many on hand were members of the Communist Party and booed lustily when he told them that it was “unadulterated twaddle” that he was, as some protesters had previously claimed, making what they called “an attempt to force America into the imperialistic war.” According to Life Magazine, in effect the testy FDR had told them to “go home and grow up.” Columnist Dorothy Thompson, the first American journalist tossed out of Nazi Germany, muttered to her readers, “an adult like myself begins to think, ‘Either those kids are phonies or they’re idiots.’ ”

Those were just a few of the salvos fired across the widening generational divide. According to future CBS News correspondent Eric Sevareid, who protested as a student at the University of Minnesota, his increasingly distrustful generation “began to detest the very word ‘patriotism,’ which we considered to be debased, a cheap medallion with which to decorate and justify a corpse.”

MORE: The Long History Behind Your Favorite Celebrity Commencement Speech

Students organized against U.S. intervention in Europe. A Harvard student announced formation of a new student antiwar group, declaring in the Crimson, “Never more unanimous was any group of students on any single issue; we are frankly determined to have peace at any price.” Campus leaders at Yale, including its future president, Kingman Brewster, Jr., helped to launch what became the Committee for America First. With Charles Lindbergh as its principal spokesperson, America First swelled to become the largest and one of the most influential antiwar organizations in U.S. history. Many of the campaign’s most ardent supporters could be found on college campuses. Recent Harvard graduate John F. Kennedy sent the group a check for $100 with a note telling them, “What you are all doing is vital.”

All that ended with the attack on Pearl Harbor. In the warming light of America’s mass mobilization and the victorious fight that followed, the bitter intergenerational divide was all but forgotten. But before anyone thought to call them the “Greatest Generation,” many of the youth who went on to liberate Europe and the Pacific and who would later decry anti-Vietnam War protesters were the loudest ones shouting, Hell no, we won’t go!

Marc Wortman is the author of 1941: Fighting the Shadow War: A Divided Generation in a World at War. Click here for his website and here for his Facebook page

Summary: A generation before the '60s another group of young people resisted their elders’ entreaties to prepare for war


At the annual Automated Vehicles Symposium on Tuesday, speakers in San Francisco emphasized that the decisions of human beings—as regulators, executives and consumers—are going to determine how bright, or how dark, the future of self-driving cars will be.

If regulators make too many laws now, warned the head of policy from X (formerly GoogleX), “the cold, dry text” will stymie the most cutting edge technology. If business leaders aren’t uber-transparent about why they believe their self-driving vehicles are safe, cautioned a law professor, the crucial element of public opinion won’t be on their side. And if we’re not realistic about human habits, predicted a Berkeley transportation expert, automated vehicles could lead us to waste more gas and cause more congestion instead of leading to a traffic and accident-free utopia on the road.

That Berkeley expert, professor Joan Walker, highlighted the example of “zero-occupancy” vehicles that could be clogging up residential streets as people summon them for on-demand home deliveries. One of the biggest problems in America’s transportation system is that the vast majority of trips are taken by people who are a driving an otherwise empty car, which sits dormant in their driveway 95% of the time. Many experts have touted the onset of self-driving cars is a chance to rethink that relationship and share fewer assets, easing traffic and lessening the need for parking spots. But Walker argued that people might also call for a self-driving car with all the environmental consideration they give to ordering their fifth package of the week on Amazon Prime.

“To get to the future reality that we want will take not only automation,” said Walker, “but also requires behavior change.”

Conversations about self-driving cars have a tendency to drift into scintillating hypotheticals, whether someone is imagining just how many lives could be saved on the road if we took human error out of the equation or mulling the ethics of an autonomous sedan deciding whether to save the life of a rider or several pedestrians on a tram. But the speeches at the conference on Tuesday, which bills itself as “the largest gathering … of professionals involved with making automated vehicles a reality,” often concentrated on more mundane, more immediate ones.

Is it ethical to beta test self-driving cars on the road when most of the people using that road haven’t given their consent? How much advertising will be allowed in a self-driving car or along the route that car is programmed to take? As more cars get semi-autonomous features—like self-parking or self-braking—who is going to take responsibility for explaining to drivers how they work? In the coming years, as those features become more robust, how do we train humans to stay engaged instead of literally going to sleep at the wheel?

Many speakers pointed to the past and present to make arguments about how humans should be approaching the onset of self-driving cars, but with different aims. X’s head of policy, Sarah Hunter, argued that laws have tended to come after innovation in transportation, suggesting that too many lawmakers have been authoring statutes rather than offering up their states as “test beds.” Others pointed to our current relationship with private vehicles, with all its inefficiency, as a tale of how things could go wrong or lead to disparities in society. And others, particularly J.D. Power and Associates’ Kristin Kolodge, made the case that there isn’t enough attention being paid to the building blocks of autonomous cars that are live right now.

Kolodge presented research showing that drivers have resorted to “trial and error” in trying to figure out how to work features like adaptive cruise control (an increasingly common feature that uses sensors to keep the car at a set distance from the one in front of it, rather than at a set speed). Most of the people surveyed by J.D. Power said the dealer staff didn’t show them how such features worked. About half said their blind-spot monitors malfunctioned sometimes. Kolodge warned that the comfort and trust people have with these “assist” features will help determine how and when fully automated cars can “achieve serious volume.”

Trust may have been top of mind for speakers in part because of the recent death of a Tesla driver; the role that autonomous technology may have played in the accident is under investigation by the federal government. Multiple speakers mentioned the incident, including Kolodge, as they emphasized how important the attitudes of human beings will be as new technology continues to roll out. “It’s extremely unfortunate the Tesla incident that happened,” she said. “This element of trust is extremely fragile.”

Among those who came to address the audience with a message of prudence was U.S. Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx. “We don’t want to replace crashes with human factors with large numbers of crashes caused by systems,” Foxx said. But “ready or not,” he added, “autonomous vehicles are coming.”

Summary: It depends on human beings as much as technology, they say


May 9 The girls present their ideas to Andy. He is pleased, and together they refine in a blur of creativity.

The anigozanthos have made the starting line-up. The maytenus are stubbornly shorn. The schinus look underdressed – they arrived from Spain this morning and were put straight under glass, but it has been warm and the leaves have crisped up like seaweed in a Chinese restaurant.

I have found a salvia. It is scrappy and elegant and Mediterranean, but not azure blue. However, I think it will work. It echoes the cerise notes in the Echium russicum, and the leaf is nice.

May 10 I take Mark Fane, my partner at Crocus, around the plants. By the third polytunnel, I can tell he is not impressed. I have too many plants. For the first time, we have ended up with all the plants we wanted, and they are all in flower. We have more than 10,000 plants in 110 varieties. Mark tells me we are not going to make any money.

May 12 One last plant! I go to see Marina Christopher of Phoenix Perennials, who points out a little Mediterranean poppy, tightly in bud, Papaver dubium subsp. lecoqii 'Albiflorum’. I imagine it fluttering like Tinker Bell through the gravel and I take 60. (I won’t tell Mark.)

May 13 Final dress rehearsal. Andy, Harriet, Rachel and I, plus assistant planters Sam and Phil, meet for one final run-through with all the plants. We start planting at Chelsea on May 15. And a week later, our year will end.

Summary: Peter Clay, co-director of crocus.


20/7/2016: A previous version of this article estimated the age of the boy at about 10 years old. His actual age, according to the Jerusalem brigade, was 12, as reflected in the altered headline.

A video circulating on social media appears to show Syrian rebels beheading a Palestinian boy who they accused of being a pro-government fighter.

The video, posted online on Tuesday, shows a group of men in the back of a truck cutting off the head of the terrified boy.Â

Before the gruesome murder, the men accuse the boy of being a member of the Liwa al-Quds (Jerusalem brigade), a Palestinian armed group fighting alongside Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's government.

The Jerusalem brigade posted a statement on its official Facebook page on Wednesday, identifying the boy as 12-year-old Abdullah Issa, who they said was not a fighter.Â

"He lived in al-Mashhad [Aleppo] with his family, among multiple poor families that live in the area under the control of terrorists," read the statement, adding that the boy was ill.Â

"By taking one glance at the child - the argument that he was a fighter is immediately disapproved," the group said.Â

In the video, one of the rebels shouts:Â "He sent us a child today, he no longer has men!" seemingly referring Assad.Â

"We will leave no one in Handarat," they added, referring to the city north of Aleppo where heavy fighting between rebels and government forces has been taking place.Â

The rebels have been identified as members of the Nour al-Din al-Zinki Movement. On Tuesday, the movement published a press release on itsÂ Twitter pageÂ condemning the killing of the boy and calling the beheading an "individual error that does not represent the general policy of the movement".Â

The United States, which has previously provided military support to theÂ Nour al-Din al-Zinki Movement, said it was "seeking more information" and that it could not confirm the "appalling report" at a press briefingÂ on Tuesday.Â

"If we can prove that this was indeed what happened and this group was involved in it, I think it would certainly give us pause," State Department Spokesman Mark Toner told reporters, after being asked whether this incident would affect US assistance to this specific group.Â

The UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights monitoring group said the video shows fighters from rebel factions "slaughtering a boy member from the gunmen loyal to the regime".Â

"The boy was captured during the clashes at Handarat camp this morning," the Observatory said in a statement.

READ MORE: Pressure mounts in Aleppo after supply line cut

Â A report published earlier this month by human rights group Amnesty International details several "war crimes and other violations of international humanitarian law" committed by the Nour al-Din al-Zinki Movement, as well as other rebel groups, throughout the Syrian Civil War.

The alleged war crimes include abductions and torture.

Citing sources close to the United States "northern operation command," a coordination body allegedly responsible for providing military support to rebels, Amnesty's report says the Nour al-Din al-Zinki MovementÂ had in the past received military and financial aid from the US, Britain, France, Turkey and several Gulf states.

The funding was apparently halted in September 2015 when the movement joined two other groups that were accused of kidnapping Italian aid workers.

The death toll in the Syrian conflict, which began with mostly unarmed demonstrations against al-Assad in March 2011, has risen to more than 280,000 people, while half the country's population have been forced from their homes, according to United Nations estimates.

Staffan de Mistura, UN special envoy to Syria, estimated last month that the actual death toll could be as high as 400,000 people.

Source:Â Al Jazeera and agencies

Summary: Nour al-Din al-Zinki rebel group calls beheading an "individual error" that does not represent movement's policy.


An appeals court ordered Tim Blixseth, the former billionaire and founder of the luxurious Yellowstone Club ski and golf resort, to remain in a Montana jail on his birthday while it reviews a lower court order to hold him in contempt until he accounts for millions of dollars he owes creditors.

A two-judge panel of the Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals on Monday denied a bid by the developer’s lawyer to immediately release Mr. Blixseth from the Cascade County Detention Center in Great Falls, Mont. A U.S. District Judge...

Summary: An appeals court ordered Tim Blixseth, the former billionaire developer, to remain in a Montana jail on his birthday while it reviews a lower court order to hold him in contempt.


China is a place with many unusual annual traditions, including a mud-flinging festival in the country’s tropical southwest and a June celebration of eating worms. But one of the most exotic rituals comes in spring, when residents of Dongyang, in coastal Zhejiang Province, chow down on eggs simmered in steaming pots of — wait for it — boys’ urine.

Sold since ancient times as “virgin boy eggs,” the local delicacy was officially listed as “intangible cultural heritage” in Dongyang in 2008. Many residents believe they energize the body, improve blood circulation and prevent heat stroke. They are also a bargain at around 25 cents an egg, urine included.

Across Dongyang, a bustling city of nearly one million people, fresh urine is collected every day from buckets placed in elementary school hallways, where boys under the age of 10 are instructed to answer nature’s call — as long as they are not sick, out of concern for, um, food safety. Some vendors even carry around empty bottles and wait in parks or public bathrooms until they find a parent willing to let a prepubescent son participate in the custom.

Chinese medicine practitioners are divided on the supposed benefits of ingesting urine, which modern science has shown to have no nutritional value. But the locals in Dongyang are happy to shower praise on the eggs they call “the taste of spring.”

To prepare the eggs, chefs generally stick to a time-tested recipe: First, soak the eggs in urine and bring to a boil. Remove the eggs, crack the shells, then return the eggs to the pot and simmer for about a day, adding more urine as necessary, sometimes with herbs. The marinade gives the egg whites a pale golden hue, while the yolks turn green. They are also salty, according to Wu Bei, 39, an employee at the Zhang Yuming Chinese Medicine Clinic in Dongyang.

“They taste a bit like urine, but not too much,” she said. “It’s delicious, you should try one sometime!”

Summary: In Dongyang, “virgin boy eggs” are a traditional (and some say healthy) delicacy that depends on nature’s call to add just the right flavor.


When the House Judiciary Committee convenes on Tuesday to consider the alleged misdeeds of the Internal Revenue Service commissioner, John Koskinen, it will contemplate action that has not been taken in more than 140 years, and that in some respects has never been pursued: the impeachment of an agency head of Mr. Koskinen’s rank.

Tuesday’s hearing on accusations by House Republicans that Mr. Koskinen lied under oath to Congress and defied a congressional subpoena is a remarkable moment, even for a Washington long fractured by partisanship.

All of which raises the question of why in the world the far-right House majority is so desperate to pursue such an absurd course, targeting a dedicated public servant who’ll leave his post at the end of the year anyway.

The real scandal here is not Koskinen’s actions, but rather, the way in which House Republicans are conducting themselves.

The partisan frustration is understandable: Republican investigations into Benghazi and other manufactured “scandals,” including the IRS matter itself, have effectively evaporated into nothing. That’s deeply unsatisfying to GOP hardliners, who remain convinced there’s Obama administration wrongdoing lurking right around the corner, even if they can’t see it, find it, prove it, or substantiate it any way.

Unwilling to move on empty handed, impeaching the IRS chief will, if nothing else, make Republican lawmakers feel better about themselves.

But that doesn’t change the fact that this partisan tantrum is indefensible. Koskinen took on the job of improving the IRS out of a sense of duty – the president asked this veteran public official to tackle a thankless task, and Koskinen reluctantly agreed. For his trouble, Republicans want to impeach him, for reasons even they’ve struggled to explain.

As for the history, which Rachel referenced in last night’s show, it’s been 140 years since Congress impeached an appointed executive branch official, but Congress has literally never impeached an executive branch official below the cabinet level.

Then again, Americans have arguably never seen a radicalized political party take control of the House and Senate comparable to today’s Republican majority.

* Correction: I misstated one of the details of the House impeachment process. The above text has been corrected.

Summary: If you've been waiting for cooler heads to prevail, and for House Republicans to give up on its ridiculous impeachment crusade, you're going to be disappointed.


Before you go, we thought you'd like these...

It's easy to get caught up in the allure of "name-brand" products when you are shopping.

So, what's the biggest reason for this? According to a survey done by Consumer Reports, respondents 18 to 39-years-old question the quality of store brands. Many of the consumers believed that name-brand products taste better with 17 percent of the people surveyed stating "name-brand foods are more nutritious." However, when matched up against their lesser-known counterparts, the name brand and the store brand were of similar quality.

SEE ALSO: Buy this, not that: 7 foods to always buy frozen vs. fresh to save money

This research doesn't solely apply to food brands. There are a few non-food items that are worth more than brand-name products. Nielson reported that shoppers are beginning to recognize the latest and increasingly high-quality private label products. In fact, as of 2015, almost three-quarters of shoppers say private-label quality has improved over time.

If you're unsure of when you should purchase "generic" products over name-brands, check out the slideshow below for more information.

8 things you should always buy generic

More on AOL 5 best things to buy duty-free at the airport Prescription drug prices rising at a record rate in America 17 things you should always buy in bulk

Summary: If you're looking to cut your expenses in half, consider purchasing some of these lesser-known products that will save you hundreds in the long run.


Before you go, we thought you'd like these...

Chelsea Clinton was the center of attention Thursday night as she addressed the nation and introduced her mother, Hillary Clinton, at the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia.

The 36-year-old daughter of Hillary Clinton and President Bill Clinton definitely had a big role in the evening's festivities, and she made sure to dress the presidential part sporting a bright red Roland Mouret sheath dress, which drew tons pf praise. The dress, which hugged her figure, was equal parts classy and patriotic and she polished off her overall look with blown out tresses and subdued makeup.

And it got us thinking... Chelsea sure has come a long way since her first DNC appearance in 1992 when her dad, Bill, was running for the Oval Office. Back then, Chelsea, was just a 13-year-old teenager with braces, untamed yet natural curly tresses, and ill-advised fashion choices. (Although, didn't we all look like back then!)

In one appearance at the 1992 DNC, Chelsea sported an oversized purple, floral dress with a collar and a bow. She wore her half-up-half hair down in curls with a headband. The look in strikingly different to her polished style on Thursday.

Earlier at the 1992 DNC, Chelsea rocked an all-white pinafore-style dress that ha a very nautical vibe. She stood next to her mom, who was about to become first lady, and was wearing a red dress to offset Chelsea's white dress. The interesting part of this look is that the two basically swapped outfits for the 2016 DNC, with Hillary sporting a white pantsuit for her speech on Thursday and Chelsea in the red dress. Clearly the mother-daughter duo talk to each other about their ensembles.

The throwback photo comparisons are definitely fun to look at since Chelsea could potentially become the first daughter for the second time -- and we've seen her grow up in front of our eyes!

PHOTOS: Chelsea Clinton through the years

NEW YORK, NY - OCTOBER 29: Vice Chair of the Clinton Foundation, Chelsea Clinton, speaks during 'What Works for Women Leaders in Technology' Hosted By SELF Magazine And The Clinton Foundation at Conde Nast on October 29, 2015 in New York City. (Photo by Astrid Stawiarz/Getty Images)

CORAL GABLES, FL - OCTOBER 22: Chelsea Clinton signs copies of her book 'ITS YOUR WORLD' at Books and Books on October 22, 2015 in Coral Gables, Florida. (Photo by Johnny Louis/FilmMagic)

Chelsea Clinton holds a baby, Friday, May 1, 2015 when she visits Mbagathi District Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, where she saw the work of the Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI) in educating families about use of Zinc and Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) in treating diarrhea. Former President Bill Clinton and his daughter, Chelsea, are in the East African nation as part of a wider tour of projects run by the family's Clinton Foundation. (AP Photo/Sayyid Azim)

Chelsea Clinton participates in the closing plenary session of the Clinton Global Initiative 2015 Annual Meeting at the Sheraton New York Times Square Hotel, on Tuesday, Sept. 29, 2015 in New York. (Photo by Greg Allen/Invision/AP)

Marc and I are full of love, awe and gratitude as we celebrate the birth of our daughter, Charlotte Clinton Mezvinsky.

FILE - This Dec. 1996 file photo shows Chelsea Clinton, right, sitting with Marc Mezvinsky in Hilton Head Island, S.C. Clinton and Mezvinsky announced their engagement in November 2009 and told friends they were looking to a possible summer ceremony. (AP Photo/Mary Ann Chastain, File)

In this handout image provided by Barbara Kinney, Marc Mezvinsky (L) and Chelsea Clinton pose during their wedding at the Astor Courts Estate on July 31, 2010 in Rhinebeck, New York. Chelsea Clinton, the daughter of former U.S. President Bill Clinton and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, married Marc Mezvinsky today in an interfaith ceremony at the estate built by John Jacob Astor on the Hudson River about two hours north of New York City.

NEW YORK, NY - MARCH 14: Chelsea Clinton and husband Marc Mezvinsky attend the 2011 School of American Ballet Winter Ball at David H. Koch Theater, Lincoln Center on March 14, 2011 in New York City. (Photo by Joe Corrigan/Getty Images)

Chelsea Clinton vice-chair Clinton Foundation (C) is flanked by husband Marc Mezvinsky (L) and mother, former US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, (R) during the 2014 Clinton Global Initiative annual meeting in New York September 24, 2014. AFP PHOTO/STEPHEN CHERNIN (Photo credit should read STEPHEN CHERNIN/AFP/Getty Images)

President and Mrs. Clinton stand with their daughter, Chelsea, after her high school graduation ceremony Friday, June 6, 1997, at Sidwell Friends School in Washington. President Clinton addressed his daughter's graduating class with a personal sendoff Friday. "A part of us longs to hold you once more," he said. (AP Photo/The White House, Sharon Farmer)

US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is flanked by her daughter Chelsea and husband former US President Bill Clinton during the 2011 Clinton Global Initiative meeting, September 22, 2011 in New York. AFP PHOTO/STEPHEN CHERNIN (Photo credit should read STEPHEN CHERNIN/AFP/Getty Images)

NEW YORK, NY - MARCH 16: Exterior view of a building (C) on East 26th Street on March 16, 2013 where Chelsea Clinton and her husband Marc Mezvinsky have recently bought their $10.5 million apartment, in New York City. (Photo by Rob Kim/Getty Images)

Chelsea Clinton attends The Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute benefit celebrating "PUNK: Chaos to Couture" on Monday, May 6, 2013 in New York. (Photo by Charles Sykes/Invision/AP)

NEW YORK, NY - FEBRUARY 26: Chelsea Clinton and husband Marc Mezvinsky arrive at the Dance Theatre Of Harlem 44th Anniversary Celebration at the Mandarin Oriental Hotel on February 26, 2013 in New York City. (Photo by Charles Eshelman/FilmMagic)

Chelsea Clinton and her husband Marc Mezvinsky walk on the National Mall January 19, 2013 in Washington, DC. Events around the Inauguration started with a national day of service a yearly event where Americans are encouraged to volunteer and contribute to service projects to honor American civil rights leader Martin Luther King. AFP PHOTO/Brendan SMIALOWSKI (Photo credit should read BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI/AFP/Getty Images)

Chelsea Clinton, daughter of President Bill Clinton is shown in Scranton, Pennsylvania, Sept. 1995. (AP Photo)

US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (L) is ceremonially sworn in by Vice President Joe Biden as her husband former president Bill Clinton (2nd L) and daughter Chelsea look on at the State Department in Washington on February 2, 2009. AFP PHOTO/Nicholas KAMM (Photo credit should read NICHOLAS KAMM/AFP/Getty Images)

First lady and New York U.S. Senator-elect Hillary Rodham Clinton and her daughter Chelsea celebrate with the crowd during her victory rally in New York, Tuesday, Nov. 7, 2000. Mrs. Clinton won the U.S. Senate seat for the state of New York against her Republican rival Rep. Rick Lazio. (AP Photo/Ron Edmonds)

First lady Hillary Rodham Clinton and daughter Chelsea, right, tour the Luxor Temple on Tuesday, March 23, 1999 in Luxor, Egypt. The temple which was built by Pharaoh Amenhotep III is dedicated to the three Theban gods, Amun, Mut and Khonsu. The tour is part of a ten day tour through north Africa. (AP Photo/Ruth Fremson)

NEW YORK CITY- SEPTEMBER 22: Daughter of former US President Bill Clinton Chelsea Clinton (R) sits with her husband Marc Mezvinsky during the closing Plenary session of the seventh Annual Meeting of the Clinton Global Initiative (CGI) at the Sheraton New York Hotel on September 22, 2011 in New York City. Established in 2005 by former U.S. President Bill Clinton, the CGI assembles global leaders to develop and implement solutions to some of the world's most urgent problems. (Photo by Daniel Berehulak/Getty Images)

FILE - In this Dec. 12, 2011 file image released by NBC, host Brian Williams, left, interviews Chelsea Clinton, daughter of former President Bill Clinton, on "Rock Center with Brian Williams," in New York. NBC News has aired two stories by correspondent Chelsea Clinton so far in 2014, both on education programs targeting the underprivileged that were shown on "Nightly News" in January. The work of Bill and Hillary Clinton's daughter, who was hired in 2011, has attracted interest since Politico reported recently that NBC News is paying her $600,000 a year and put her on a month-to-month contract that would ease her departure should her mother decide to run for president in 2016. (AP Photo/NBC, Peter Kramer, File)

President Clinton and his daughter Chelsea greet New Zealanders along Auckland's Queen Street after arriving Saturday, Sept. 11, 1999, for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit. The president and his daughter made several purchases, clothing and handcrafts, during their two-hour outing. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)

U.S. first lady Hillary Rodham Clinton, left, on a six day visit to Austria, poses with her daughter Chelsea for Photographers during a tour of Vienna's Schoenbrunn Castle Saturday, July 12 1997. (AP Photo/Rudi Blaha)

Chelsea Clinton and husband Marc Mezvinsky attend the 2011 Clinton Global Initiative meeting on September 20, 2011 in New York. AFP PHOTO/STEPHEN CHERNIN (Photo credit should read STEPHEN CHERNIN/AFP/Getty Images)

First daughter Chelsea Clinton bends down to feed goldfish during an outing with her father at the Garden Yuyuan in Shanghai, China, Tuesday June 30, 1998. Chelsea spent the afternoon sightseeing with her father while her mother Hillary Rodham Clinton was away at events of her own. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)

President Clinton leaves Leland Stanford Memorial Church with first lady Hillary Rodham Clinton and daughter, Chelsea, after attending the service Sunday, May 3, 1998. The Clintons spent the weekend visiting with Chelsea and are expected to attend a fundraiser in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Ruth Fremson)

Chelsea Clinton, right, hosts a round table discussion on social change at the opening plenary session for the "Service Unites" conference sponsored by the Points of Light Foundation, Monday, June 16, 2014, in Atlanta. Joining Clinton for the discussion are, from right, Flint, Mich., Mayor Dayne Walling, Georgia Teaching Fellows' Bethany Wright and Out of Africa Entertainment's CEO Kweku Mandela. (AP Photo/David Tulis)

First daughter Chelsea Clinton points out the sites to her father, President Bill Clinton as Spanish King Juan Carlos looks on during a tour of Alhambre Castle in Granada, Spain Wednesday July 9, 1997. (AP Photo/Greg Gibson)

NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 24: Vice chair of the Clinton Foundation Chelsea Clinton takes part in the Closing Plenary Session: 'Aiming for the Moon and Beyond' during the fourth day of the Clinton Global Initiative's 10th Annual Meeting at the Sheraton New York Hotel & Towers on September 24, 2014 in New York City. (Photo by Michael Loccisano/Getty Images)

Amar'e Stoudemire, left, and Chelsea Clinton appear on stage while Vera Wang speaks at The Gordon Parks Foundation Awards Dinner and Auction at Cipriani's Wall Street on Tuesday, June 3, 2014, in New York. (Photo by Scott Roth/Invision/AP)

U.S. President Bill Clinton and daughter Chelsea walk along the shore of Lake Geneva, in Geneva, Switzerland, Sunday, March 26, 2000. The president is taking a short rest following a week in India and preparing for his meeting with Syrian President Hafez Assad later Sunday. Clinton is hoping to persuade Assad to resume peace talks with Israel. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)

U.S. President Bill Clinton checks a sweater which he and first lady Hillary Rodham Clinton bought from a street vendor during their walk in center of Sarajevo Monday Dec. 22, 1997, while their daughter Chelsea watches.(AP Photo/J.Scott Applewhite)

NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 23: Chelsea Clinton speaks during the 'Valuing What Matters' panal discussion during the third day of the Clinton Global Initiative's 10th Annual Meeting at the Sheraton New York Hotel & Towers on September 23, 2014 in New York City. (Photo by Jemal Countess/Getty Images)

Former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, second left, before taking her sunglasses off poses for a group photograph with her husband former U.S. President Bill Clinton, left, their daughter Chelsea, third left, and her husband Marc Mezvinsky, after they all attended Chelsea's Oxford University graduation ceremony at the Sheldonian Theatre in Oxford, England, Saturday, May 10, 2014. Chelsea Clinton received her doctorate degree in international relations on Saturday from the prestigious British university. Her father was a Rhodes scholar at Oxford from 1968 to 1970. The graduation ceremony comes as her mother is considering a potential 2016 presidential campaign. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham)

In this image taken from video, Chelsea Clinton, left, speaks to the audience as she co-hosts âGirls: A No Ceilings Conversation,â with her mother, former Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, in New York, Thursday, April 17, 2014. The daughter of former president Bill Clinton and the former Secretary of State announced at the event that she is pregnant with her first child at the Clinton Foundation event. (AP Photo/Ted Shaffrey)

Chelsea Clinton, vice chair of the Clinton Foundation, speaks during the annual meeting of the Clinton Global Initiative (CGI) in New York, U.S., on Tuesday, Sept. 23, 2014. The 2014 CGI theme of 'Reimagining Impact' brings members together to facilitate the development of forward-thinking and to re-envision the way we impact the world. Photographer: Michael Nagle/Bloomberg via Getty Images

FILE - In this March 2, 2014 file photo, Chelsea Clinton, vice chair of the Clinton Foundation, speaks during a student conference for the Clinton Global Initiative University at Arizona State University in Tempe, Ariz. Clinton says she's happy right now with her elected representatives and has no desire to go after their jobs. Although she has denied any interest in elected office in the past, she left open the possibility of a run should she become dissatisfied with the office holders who represent her. (AP Photo/Matt York, File)

Hillary Clinton's daughter Chelsea shakes hands with a member of the audience after her mother a participated in a conversation about her career in government and her new book, "Hard Choices.," at the Council on Foreign Relations, in New York, Thursday, June 12, 2014. (AP Photo/Richard Drew)

NEW YORK, NY - JUNE 12: Chelsea Clinton attends the 2014 Wildlife Conservation Society Gala at Central Park Zoo on June 12, 2014 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage)

RHINEBECK, NY - JULY 31: In this handout image provided by Genevieve de Manio, Chelsea Clinton (R) weds Marc Mezvinsky at the Astor Courts Estate on July 31, 2010 in Rhinebeck, New York. Chelsea Clinton, the daughter of former U.S. President Bill Clinton and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, married Marc Mezvinsky today in an interfaith ceremony at the estate built by John Jacob Astor on the Hudson River about two hours north of New York City. (Photo by Genevieve de Manio via FilmMagic)

NEW YORK, NY - MAY 15: Louise Tabbiner, John Forte, Luke Weil and Chelsea Clinton attend the Fourth Annual Spring Soiree hosted by the Fortune Society at The Bowery Hotel on May 15, 2014 in New York City. (Photo by Michael N. Todaro/Getty Images)

NEW YORK, NY - APRIL 29: Paul Gallay, Chelsea Clinton and Robert F. Kennedy Jr. attends the 2014 Riverkeeper Fishermen's Ball at Pier Sixty at Chelsea Piers on April 29, 2014 in New York City. (Photo by Dave Kotinsky/Getty Images)

NEW YORK, NY - APRIL 24: Designer Oscar de la Renta (L) and Chelsea Clinton attend the 7th Annual Carnegie Hall Medal Of Excellence Gala Honoring Oscar de la Renta at The Plaza Hotel on April 24, 2014 in New York City. (Photo by Michael Stewart/WireImage)

Chelsea Clinton waves to the crowd before the 134th Kentucky Derby Saturday, May 3, 2008, at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Ky. (AP Photo/Garry Jones)

Chelsea Clinton leaves the Mad Martha's Ice Cream store in Vineyard Haven, Mass., with an ice cream cone, Monday, Sept. 5, 1994, on Martha's Vineyard. Chelsea joined her parents, President and Hillary Rodham Clinton for ice cream before boarding a plane to return to Washington to prepare for school. The Clintons have been vacationing on the island. (AP Photo/Wilfredo Lee)

NEW YORK, UNITED STATES - APRIL 17: Producer of the film 'Of Many' Chelsea Clinton (2nd R), daughter of the former President of the United States Bill Clinton and the former United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Executive director and Imam of the Islamic Center at New York University (NYU), Khalid Latif (L), director of the film 'Of Many' Linda Mills (2nd L), and Executive Director of the Bronfman Center for Jewish Student Life at NYU Rabbi Yehuda Sarna (R) attend the Shorts: City Limits, 2014 Tribeca Film Festival at AMC Loews Village 7, in New York, United States. (Photo by Bilgin Sasmaz/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images)

FILE - This June 23, 2014, file photo shows Clinton Foundation Vice Chair Chelsea Clinton as she speaks at the Colorado Museum of Nature and Science, in Denver. Like her parents, Chelsea Clinton has become a sought-after speaker who can generate large fees for her appearances. The 34-year-old Clinton, the daughter of the former president and ex-secretary of state, can command as much as $75,000 per speech. (AP Photo/Brennan Linsley, File)

Clinton Foundation Vice Chair Chelsea Clinton speaks while hostingÂ an event titled From STEM to Success: A No Ceilings Conversation, at the Colorado Museum of Nature and Science, in Denver, Monday, June 23, 2014. The event was part of Clinton Global Initiative America, which is being held in Denver this week. (AP Photo/Brennan Linsley)

President Clinton's daughter Chelsea looks out over the Ngorongoro Crater in Tanzania on March 26, 1997. Already demonstrating her father's ease with strangers, Chelsea will soon leave the zone of privacy imposed at the White House and start carving out her own life as a college freshman at Stanford University next fall. President Clinton will speak at commencement ceremonies at Chelsea's Sidwell Friends School on Friday, June 6, 1997. (AP Photo/Doug Mills/files)

Democratic presidential hopeful Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, D-N.Y., hugs her daughter, Chelsea, at her Super Tuesday primary night rally in New York Tuesday, Feb. 5, 2008. (AP Photo/Elise Amendola)

Chelsea Clinton speaks at The Gordon Parks Foundation Awards Dinner and Auction at Cipriani's Wall Street on Tuesday, June 3, 2014, in New York. (Photo by Scott Roth/Invision/AP)

President Bush, right, stops to talk with Chelsea Clinton, left, at the William J. Clinton Presidential Center during opening ceremonies in Little Rock, Ark., Thursday, Nov. 18, 2004. The $165 million glass-and-steel center will be the home to Clinton's library collection of more than 80 million presidential items. (AP Photo/David Quinn)

Chelsea Clinton attends the Riverkeepers Annual Fisherman's Ball on Tuesday, April 29, 2014, in New York. (Photo by Andy Kropa/Invision/AP)

Chelsea Clinton, daughter of Secretary of State-designate Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, D-N.Y., smiles on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 13, 2009, prior to the start of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing on her her mother's nomination. (AP Photo/Gerald Herbert)

IMAGE DISTRIBUTED FOR HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN - Chelsea Clinton speaks on stage at the Human Rights Campaign's Time to Thrive Conference, on Sunday, February, 16, 2014 in Las Vegas. (Photo by Jeff Bottari/AP Images for Human Rights Campaign)

Former President Bill Clinton prepares to make remarks at the Clinton Global Initiative while his wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, and daughter, Chelsea, take the stage with him, Tuesday, Sept. 24, 2013 in New York. The initiative was started by Clinton to act as a forum where leaders from all over the world can discuss and develop solutions to global issues. (AP Photo/Mark Lennihan)

Clinton Foundation vice vhair Chelsea Clinton, left, moderates for panelists, right to left, Penny Pritzker, U.S. Secretary of Commerce, Tiffany Lewin, systems and hardware analyst at NY Presbyterian Hospital, and Rashid Ferrod Davis, NYC Dept. of Education, during a plenary session titled: Charting a New Course: Education and Employing America's Future Leaders, at the annual gathering of the Clinton Global Initiative America, Tuesday, June 24, 2014, at the Sheraton Downtown in Denver. (AP Photo/Brennan Linsley)

Chelsea Clinton, vice chair of the Clinton Foundation, walks on stage while moderating a panel discussion "Valuing What Matters," during the Clinton Global Initiative, Tuesday, Sept. 23, 2014 in New York. (AP Photo/Mark Lennihan)

Former President Bill Clinton and his daughter Chelsea watch a parade of gifts at the Royal Palace in Rabat Friday, July 12, 2002, kicking off a three-day celebration for the wedding of Morocco's King Mohammed VI to Salma Bennani. (AP Photo/Jalil Bounhar)

In this handout image provided by Barbara Kinney, (L-R) U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, her mother Dorothy Rodham and Chelsea Clinton pose during the wedding of Chelsea Clinton and Marc Mezvinsky at the Astor Courts Estate on July 31, 2010 in Rhinebeck, New York. Chelsea Clinton, the daughter of former U.S. President Bill Clinton and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, married Marc Mezvinsky today in an interfaith ceremony at the estate built by John Jacob Astor on the Hudson River about two hours north of New York City.

Chelsea Clinton, left, daughter of former President Bill Clinton and former Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, right, smiles after being acknowledged by President Barack Obama at the Clinton Global Initiative in New York, Tuesday, Sept. 23, 2014. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)

From left to right: President Clinton, Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, Clintons' daughter Chelsea and first lady Hillary Rodham Clinton smile as they gathered at the mausoleum in Rabat, Morocco where the remains of King Hassan II were laid to rest Sunday, July 25, 1999. King Hassan II of Morocco was laid to rest Sunday in a funeral attended by kings, princes and presidents from some 30 countries. (AP Photo / Mustafa Abadan, Anatolia) *** TURKEY OUT ***

Former President Bill Clinton hugs his daughter, Chelsea Clinton, during the closing session of the Clinton Global Initiative in New York Wednesday, Sept. 24, 2014. At right is Chelsea's husband, Marc Mezvinsky. (AP Photo/Craig Ruttle)

FILE - This Sept. 23, 2012 file photo shows Chelsea Clinton listening to her father, former President Bill Clinton speak during the Clinton Global Initiative, in New York. Former first daughter Chelsea Clinton has signed on to help promote President Barack Obama's inaugural kick-off event to get Americans across the country engaged in serving their communities. Inaugural planners announced Tuesday that Clinton will be honorary chair of the National Day of Service, the president's call for Americans to honor the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on the holiday weekend celebrating his birthday. (AP Photo/Mark Lennihan, File)

Former US President Bill Clinton, right, accompanied by his daughter Chelsea Clinton, center, and her husband Marc Mezvinsky, left, listens to Mohamed Morsi President of Egypt at the closing session at the Clinton Global Initiative in New York Tuesday, Sept. 25, 2012 (AP Photo/David Karp)

Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas, with his wife Hillary and daughter Chelsea at Little Rock, Arkansas in January 1991. (AP Photo/Danny Johnston)

Former President Bill Clinton, center, and daughter Chelsea Clinton, right, look on during a ceremonial swearing-in for Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, Monday, Feb. 2, 2009, at the State Department in Washington. (AP Photo/Haraz N. Ghanbari)

Secretary of State designate Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, D-N.Y., and her daughter Chelsea Clinton, background, listen to introductory remarks during her Senate Foreign Relations Committee confirmation hearing on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 13, 2009. (AP Photo/Gerald Herbert)

US President Bill Clinton waves to people passing by as he leaves with his daughter Chelsea the Intercontinental hotel for a 20 minutes walk towards the Geneva Lake, in Geneva, Switzerland, Sunday, March 26, 2000. Clinton is due to meet Syrian President Hafez al-Assad later this afternoon. The two leaders are expected to announce a resumption of the Syria-Israeli negotiations, stalled since January. (AP Photo/Fabrice Coffrini)

President Clinton is flanked by his wife Hillary and daughter Chelsea upon his arrival in Chicago Wednesday night, Aug. 28, 1996. Clinton will accept his party's re-nomination as presidential candidate Thursday at the Democratic National Convention being held in the city's United Center. (AP Photo/Mark Humphrey)

President Clinton, the first lady Hillary Rodham Clinton and their daughter, Chelsea, leave the Foundry Methodist Church in Washington after services Sunday, Dec. 24, 1995. (AP Photo/Greg Gibson)

First lady Hillary Rodham Clinton, left, and daughter Chelsea try on traditional conical hats in the Vietnamese village of Bac Phu Friday, Nov. 17, 2000. The Clintons visited rural Vietnam to observe microcredit projects which offer small loans to help rural women move out of poverty and subsistence farming and achieve a steady income. (AP Photo/David Guttenfelder)

Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, D-N.Y., hugs daughter, Chelsea, during a podium tour at the Democratic National Convention in Denver, Tuesday, Aug. 26, 2008. (AP Photo/Ron Edmonds)

U.S. President Bill Clinton, accompanied by his daughter Chelsea and his wife Hillary (behind him) wave from the stairs of the Presidential plane before leaving Moscow on Jan. 15, 1994. The Clintons are going on to Minsk and Geneva following the American Presidentâs successful summit with Russian President Boris Yeltsin. (AP Photo/Greg Gibson)

FILE - In this Tuesday, May 28, 2013, file photo, Chelsea Clinton, from the Clinton Foundation, speaks during an interview at the Women Deliver conference in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Clinton is quitting her job as a reporter at NBC News. Clinton has been working at the network since 2011, sporadically doing feature stories on people or organizations doing public-spirited work. The network announced her exit on Friday, Aug. 29, 2014. She was initially hired to do stories for Brian Williams' "Rock Center" newsmagazine, but that program was canceled. Her work occasionally appeared on NBC's "Nightly News." (AP Photo/Mark Baker, File)

In this handout image provided by Genevieve de Manio, Chelsea Clinton (R) weds Marc Mezvinsky at the Astor Courts Estate on July 31, 2010 in Rhinebeck, New York. Chelsea Clinton, the daughter of former U.S. President Bill Clinton and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, married Marc Mezvinsky today in an interfaith ceremony at the estate built by John Jacob Astor on the Hudson River about two hours north of New York City.

Former U.S. President Bill Clinton, behind center, and his daughter Chelsea, front, campaign for Democratic presidential hopeful Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, D-N.Y., in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico, Wednesday, May 28, 2008. (AP Photo/Brennan Linsley)

Democratic presidential hopeful Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, D-N.Y., covers her face as she laughs with her husband, former President Bill Clinton and their daughter, Chelsea, during a speech at a campaign rally for her supporters in the AFSCME service workers union in Ponce, Puerto Rico, Monday, May 26, 2008. (AP Photo/Elise Amendola)

Democratic presidential hopeful Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, D-N.Y., and her daughter, Chelsea, lean down to receive gifts from a boy as they attend service at First United Methodist Church in Huntington, W. Va. Sunday, May 11, 2008. (AP Photo/Elise Amendola)

Democratic presidential hopeful Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, D-N.Y., right, laughs as she is introduced by her daughter, Chelsea, at a Mothers Day fundraiser in New York Saturday, May 10, 2008. (AP Photo/Elise Amendola)

Former President Bill Clinton and his daughter, Chelsea greet supporters at Democratic presidential hopeful Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, D-N.Y., Super Tuesday primary night rally in New York, Tuesday, Feb. 5, 2008. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster)

In this handout image provided by Barbara Kinney, (L-R) Marc Mezvinsky, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Chelsea Clinton and former U.S. President Bill Clinton pose during the wedding of Chelsea Clinton and Marc Mezvinsky at the Astor Courts Estate on July 31, 2010 in Rhinebeck, New York. Chelsea Clinton, the daughter of former U.S. President Bill Clinton and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, married Marc Mezvinsky today in an interfaith ceremony at the estate built by John Jacob Astor on the Hudson River about two hours north of New York City.

Democratic presidential hopeful, Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, D-N.Y., right, reacts with her husband, former President Bill Clinton, left, and their daughter, Chelsea, at her Super Tuesday primary night party in New York, Tuesday, Feb. 5, 2008. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster)

FILE - In this May 7, 2009 file photo, Chelsea Clinton is seen at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Clinton plans to tie the knot with fiance Marc Mezvinsky in the upstate New York village of Rhinebeck on July 31, 2010. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)

Former president Bill Clinton and his daughter Chelsea during a birthday celebration for his wife, Democratic presidential hopeful Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton Thursday, Oct. 25, 2007 in New York. The party raised over $1 million for the New York senator's presidential bid. (AP Photo/Frank Franklin II)

Chelsea Clinton attends the Clinton Global Initiative & MTV's "Giving - Live At The Apollo" Saturday, Sept. 29, 2007 in New York. (AP Photo/Evan Agostini)

Chelsea Clinton applauds her mother, first lady Hillary Rodham Clinton as she speaks to women leaders in Dublin, Ireland Tuesday, Dec. 12, 2000. The Clintons are on a three day visit to Ireland, Northern Ireland and England. (AP Photo/Ian Waldie, Pool)

President and Mrs. Clinton with daughter Chelsea, left, arrive at the White House Friday morning Nov. 29, 1996 after flying in by helicopter from Camp David, Md. The first family spent Thanksgiving at the presidential retreat.(AP Photo/Joe Marquett)

NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 21: Chelsea Clinton (L) and Marc Mezvinsky attend the 8th Annual Clinton Global Citizen Awards And CGCA Blue Carpet at Sheraton New York Times Square on September 21, 2014 in New York City. (Photo by Paul Zimmerman/WireImage)

Chelsea Clinton, daughter of former president Bill Clinton, smiles during game against Arizona State in the first half, Saturday, March 10, 2001 in Stanford, Calif. (AP Photo/Paul Sakuma)

Chelsea Clinton, left, and her husband Marc Mezvinsky arrive at the Metropolitan Museum of Art Costume Institute gala benefit, celebrating Elsa Schiaparelli and Miuccia Prada, Monday, May 7, 2012 in New York. (AP Photo/Evan Agostini)

In this Sunday, March 9, 2014 photo provided by the Danish Consulate in New York, Chelsea Clinton, second from left, meets with Mary, Crown Princess of Denmark, center, at the consulate. Joining them are Marc Mezvinsky, left, Clinton's husband, Consul General Jarl Frijs-Madsen, second from right, and Christina Djurhuus, right. The Crown Princess and Ms. Clinton discussed a number of issues pertaining to their respective work for global health, empowerment and rights, with particular focus on women, children and vulnerable groups, according to a press release. (AP Photo/Danish Consulate, Craig Ruttle)

FILE - In a Dec. 9, 2013, file photo Chelsea Clinton speaks in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Chelsea Clinton says she and her husband are expecting their first child later this year. The daughter of former President Bill Clinton and former Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton announced at a Clinton Foundation event in New York that she and her husband, Marc Mezvinsky, are "very excited" to be having their first child later this year. (AP Photo/Silvia Izquierdo, file)

Chelsea Clinton and husband Marc Mezvinsky attend amfAR's annual New York Gala at Cipriani Wall Street on Wednesday, Feb. 9, 2011 in New York. amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research, is celebrating it's 25th anniversary this year. (AP Photo/Evan Agostini)

Former U.S. President Bill Clinton displays a sign of respect to The Headmistress of Rwamagana School of Nursing and Midwifely, Sister Epiphanie Mukabaranga, as Rwandan President Kagame, 2nd left, and Chelsea Clinton, daughter of the former president, looks on at School of Nursing and Midwifery in Kayonza District-Eastern Province, Rwanda, Thursday, July 19, 2012. The school currently has a student population of 218 of which 123 are training in Nursing and 95 in Midwifery. President Bill Clinton is on visit to Africa, traveling to South Africa, Mozambique, Rwanda, and Uganda. (AP Photo/Cyril Ndegeya)

Democratic presidential hopeful Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, D-N.Y., holds hands with her daughter, Chelsea, as she speaks, and her husband, former President Bill Clinton listens at a rally in Sioux Falls, S.D., Monday, June 2, 2008. (AP Photo/Elise Amendola)

Chelsea Clinton, left, and her mother, Democratic presidential hopeful, Sen. Hillary Clinton, D-N.Y., right, listen to former President Bill Clinton speak during the Clinton Global Initiative Annual Meeting Friday, Sept. 28, 2007 in New York. (AP Photo/Jason DeCrow)

Chelsea Clinton, center, listens while Mie Marcelle H. Deschamps, left, general secretary of Gheskio talks with Dr. Jean Pape, right, co-founder of the Gheskio AIDS clinic at the Gheskio Cholera Treatment Center in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, Tuesday, July 28, 2015. Clinton met with local entrepreneurs as she traveled to businesses in the capital of Port-au-Prince with a group of investors and philanthropists as part of the two-day trip. ( AP Photo/Dieu Nalio Chery)

Turning ``sweet 16'' in the White House, Chelsea Clinton, shown in this Aug. 14, 1995 file photo, was given three cars for her birthday Tuesday. But her parents turned them down faster than you can say, ``Please, Mom. Puhleeeeeze!'' Chelsea, whose privacy his guarded closely, planned a quiet celebration with her family Tuesday night and a louder one with her pals later this week. The birthday was bittersweet for President and Mrs. Clinton, who watched their only child pass another milestone. (AP Photo/Dennis Paquin)

President Bill Clinton reacts to a putt by his daughter, Chelsea, during a round of miniature golf at Island Cove on Vineyard Haven, Ma., on Saturday, August 28, 1993. (AP Photo)

Summary: In the past 20 years, Chelsea has gone from awkward teenager to polished political commentator -- and you have to see it!


A spate of terrifying armed robberies across Brisbane involving weapons and heavy disguises is the work of two men, police believe.

A special police taskforce has been established to investigate the robberies amid concerns someone could be seriously hurt unless the two are caught.

Police say the duo could be responsible for up to seven robberies over the past month, including one at the Tingalpa Hotel early Saturday morning.

But identifying the pair has been difficult as each time they have been heavily disguised.

Detective Inspector Tim Trezise said the men had two disguises of choice - hooded tracksuits or high-visibility work gear with face masks.

"They're always covered head to foot in disguises to both defeat the CCTV footage and potentially defeat our forensic examinations," he said on Saturday.

The men were always armed with iron bars, batons, knives and small axes when they demanded cash.

All of the robberies were on Brisbane's northside until the hold-up at the Tingalpa Hotel, which is in the city's east.

Det Insp Trezise said police were concerned about the risk the men posed to the community, with one person injured so far in one of the robberies.

"They're armed, they're threatening and clearly they're terrifying both staff and patrons at these different businesses. It's very much in our interest to catch them as soon as we can."

He said somebody would know the culprits and urged those with information to contact police.

Summary: Police believe two men are responsible for up to seven armed robberies involving heavy disguises and various weapons in Brisbane over the past month.


The daughters were given positions as officers of the 'Meharwal Khewaji Trust’, created under the terms of his surprise will, and nominal salaries of between £12 and £15 pounds a month.

The three surviving sisters launched a legal action to challenge the will in 1992, three years after their father’s death, which eventually took 21 years to resolve. One of the sisters, Maheepinder Kaur, died of heart failure, aged 62, at her home in Mashobra in 2002.

Her two surviving older sisters, Amrit Kaur and Deepinder, known as 'Princess Bunty,’ will now share the inheritance as new billionaires, although sources close to the family said it will not greatly change their lifestyles. They are both in their seventies and continued to live in some luxury after they married.

Deepinder Kaur has been the 'Maharaniadirani of Burdwan’, near Calcutta, since she married the heir of the Burdwan princely state in 1959. Her husband is Maharajadhiraja Dr Saday Chand Mehtab whose father owned the Jahangir Diamond – the celebrated 83 carat stone which was once set in the beak of one of the Mughal peacock thrones. He sold it at auction in London to make the family even richer.

Neither sister has lived in hardship as they fought for their rightful inheritance. “They are very well-off indeed and have been having a good life,” said a source close to the case who said the sisters are determined to protect their privacy following their victory.

Many of the properties and estates are believed to have fallen into neglect and disrepair since the Meharwal Khewarji Trust took control of them. Revenue officials launched a long investigation into the estate at Mashobra to establish its ownership and found it had been illegally transferred to the trust.

Last week a Chandigarh magistrate ruled that the sisters had been cheated out of their inheritance by their late father’s staff in collusion with local lawyers who forged a will several years before he died in 1989.

“We have won the case after 21 years,” their advocate Vikas Jain exclaimed to the news agency AFP as he celebrated a landmark victory.

On Monday he declined to comment further after the two sisters informed him they would not be making any further statements.

Their victory marks the end of a series of bitter legal battles over the vast riches of several Indian royal families. The dispute between the grandchildren of the late Gyatri Devi, the Rajmata of Jaipur, and their relatives over their father’s £250 million estate, is still in the courts 16 years after it began.

The Faridkot royals have a long history of losing and regaining their estate dating back to the Sikh Wars. The family are descendants of desert rulers in Rajasthan who established two rival princely states in Punjab, both of which were seized by the Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1807.

The family allied with the British East India Company, which restored their estates to them two years later. The family played key roles in supporting the British in the Sikh Wars, the 1857 Indian Mutiny and the Afghan War.

The late Maharaja Sir Harinder Singh Brar, a senior officer who served in the Deccan Horse cavalry regiment, was regarded as one of the more astute of the former Indian royals who had managed to retain his wealth after India’s independence stripped them of their power.

Summary: Two elderly Indian princesses have inherited a £2.5 billion fortune after   winning one of the country’s longest-running royal legal battles.


Rupert Murdoch, the executive chairman of News Corporation, sold his West Village mansion for $27,500,000, a transaction that was among the most expensive sales of the week, according to city records.

The two most expensive closed transactions of the week were two half-floor apartments on the 72nd floor of 432 Park Avenue, a supertall luxury skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, according to city records.

The pricier of the two nearly identical sponsor units was No. 72A at $30,081,350.31. Its twin, No. 72B, sold for $27,507,062.17. Both apartments sit 930 feet up the 96-story tower — the tallest residential building in the Western Hemisphere at 1,396 feet — and overlook Central Park, the Upper East Side and beyond. The main difference: No. 72A includes eastern exposures overlooking the East River and beyond; No. 72B includes Western sunset views across the Hudson River.

Each 4,019-square-foot aerie has three bedrooms, four bathrooms, one half-bath and a library, with monthly carrying costs that total $16,109. The identities of the buyers of each unit were shielded by limited liability companies. Kathy Sloane of Brown Harris Stevens represented the buyer of No. 72A. Kyle Blackmon, who was at Brown Harris Stevens at the time but is now at Compass, represented the buyer of No. 72B.

Mr. Murdoch’s $27.5 million townhouse sale at 278 West 11th Street was the third highest recorded deal of the week, closing $1.4 million shy of the $28.9 million asking price.

The media mogul acquired the 25-foot-wide mansion, which has four bedrooms, four baths, three partial baths, an elevator and multiple outdoor spaces, including a rooftop terrace with views of the Empire State Building and One World Trade Center, for $25 million in March 2015 but never moved in.

Less than five months later, he listed it for $28.9 million with Dolly Lenz of Dolly Lenz Real Estate, before taking it off the market temporarily. Following his March wedding to the former model Jerry Hall, the media mogul put the townhouse back on the market in April. (Mr. Murdoch has decided to keep his penthouse at One Madison Park, which he listed with Ms. Lenz at one point for $72 million.)

A bidding war ensued and the townhouse quickly went into contract, according to Ms. Lenz, who handled the sale. With multiple buyers competing for the property, she said, “it became a nightmare in terms of keeping everybody calm.”

On the garden level is a Poggenpohl kitchen and a breakfast room that opens out to a three-level terraced garden, which borders the Bleecker Gardens on one side, according to Ms. Lenz. The parlor floor includes a marble entry, a bedroom and a great room with a fireplace and floor-to-ceiling windows, with doors that open to a Juliet balcony overlooking the gardens.

A sweeping elliptical staircase leads to the master bedroom suite with a marble fireplace, a dressing room and a master bath that spans the width of the house. The top floor has two additional bedrooms with marble en-suite baths. The lower level includes a gym, wine storage and a screening room.

Big Ticket includes closed sales from the previous week, ending Wednesday.

Summary: The executive chairman of News Corporation sold his West Village mansion for $27,500,000, one of the most expensive sales of the week.


Mid-month stats show it's been the 4th warmest start to December on record with temps 3.2 °C above average pic.twitter.com/S8UofgF7zZ

And then I had a ghastly vision. What if this is it? What if this is the long-awaited inflexion point – the moment that has been prophesied since the Eighties? What if winter is over – for ever?

Aaargh, I thought: and in that moment of horror, I contemplated the loss of something so intrinsic to our psychology. Imagine: no more snow. No more tobogganing on Primrose Hill, no more waking up to see the magic prints of the dog on the lawn.

Imagine if this unseasonably warm spell is just the beginning of a long period of meteorological mediocrity: no more ice on the canal, no lovely crispness in the air, no excuse to walk into a room with a fire and go “brrr” while theatrically rubbing your hands.

"In my despair, I rang the great physicist and meteorologist Piers Corbyn. You know, Jeremy's brother"

Imagine if we have nothing in these long, dark months save a muggy and melancholy mildness, soft, damp and unwholesome; nothing but rain and a louring grey sky pressing down on our hungover eyeballs. The thought made me feel almost unwell.

In my despair, I rang the great physicist and meteorologist Piers Corbyn. You know Piers: he is the older brother of Jezza, and he is famous for believing that the world – on the whole – is getting colder, and that the whole global warming theory is unsound, to say the least. Piers thinks that whatever the role of humanity in affecting the temperature of the planet, that role is pitifully trivial next to the Sun, the supercolossal boiling ball of gas about which we revolve and which enables life on Earth.

In the view of Piers and his colleagues at WeatherAction, it is all about sun spots, and he is on record as believing that we are now due for a new “Maunder Minimum” – like the famous cold spell in the 17th century, when the Thames froze several times.

#Wild-#JetStream Mini-#IceAge conditions here to stay 20yrs says #Piers #Corbyn https://t.co/ZLiJscAl5u #NotCO2 RT https://t.co/QdTT8FJZRO

“Piers,” I said – and I felt like the children of Israel, denouncing Jeremiah for getting it wrong – “what about the new Ice Age? Where is it?”

And Piers did his best to calm me down. “Helmsman!” he said (since that is how he addresses me). “Relax. Winter has not gone.” And he went on to argue, quite persuasively, that there are plenty of places that are really very cold at the moment – the west of the USA, for instance. He reminded me of the prodigious snows that hit the eastern seaboard of America last winter. Yes, it is warm in the UK at the moment – amazingly warm – but the UK and its territorial waters amount to only one six-hundredth of the planet.

The current mild spell would last till the end of January, he said, and it would then turn bitterly cold in February. Whatever is happening to the weather at the moment, he said, it is nothing to do with the conventional doctrine of climate change.

London policemen on ice skates on the frozen River Thames circa 1900 Photo: Getty Images

And there, of course, he is in agreement with the vast majority of mainstream science. Meteorologists of all kinds – climate change sceptics and believers – can see the difference between climate and weather; between randomly occurring changes and deep, long-term trends.

We ordinary human beings are not so rational; we are no different from all earlier cultures in that we have to put ourselves in the story, and to attribute this or that individual weather event to our own behaviour or moral failures. Think of Agamemnon at Aulis, unable to get the wind he needed to sail for Troy. What was the problem? He had shot a deer sacred to Artemis. And the solution? Sacrifice his daughter! It was all about him, him, him.

Scientists look at the data. But everyone else just looks at the weather – and it is the weather, therefore, that makes the psychological difference to the debate. Look at the recent summit in Paris, which ended in a good agreement to cut CO2, in contrast to the debacle at Copenhagen six years ago. What was the real difference? It was the weather. Paris was ridiculously warm for December. Six years ago, Copenhagen saw the biggest snowfalls anyone could remember. “Global warming?” everyone asked.

It is fantastic news that the world has agreed to cut pollution and help people save money, but I am sure that those global leaders were driven by a primitive fear that the present ambient warm weather is somehow caused by humanity; and that fear – as far as I understand the science – is equally without foundation.

There may be all kinds of reasons why I was sweating at ping-pong – but they don’t include global warming.

Summary: We may all be sweating in the winter air, but remember, we humans have always   put ourselves at the centre of cosmic events


“Me and Novak were born one week apart,” said Murray, who will have turned 30 by the time he returns to the All England Club next year. “And he seems to be doing fine and showing no signs of slowing down.

“As you start to get older, you want to make sure that you make the most of every event that you play. But I would imagine that you start to think more in those terms when your results and ranking are starting to drop, or when physically you’re not quite the same. Whereas right now I don’t feel that way at all.

“My back is definitely way better than it was [before his spinal operation in October 2013] because I am not playing in pain like I was for 18 months to two years. Those were the peak physical years of my career and they weren’t easy for me.

“But now I am in good shape again. Some of the gym sessions I am doing now that I used to do, my numbers are better in a lot of them. I am in a good place physically.”

Summary: A lot has happened since Andy Murray made his last appearance at Wimbledon.


In just four days, the GoFundMe campaign established for the victims and families of the Pulse nightclub shooting in Orlando has topped $5 million, breaking the record for both largest and fastest-growing crowdfunding. The previous record was just over $2 million for the “Saving Eliza” campaign that aimed to stop a disease called Sanfilippo, a rare genetic disease.

The fund, started by Equality Florida, isn’t the only one that’s attracting donors. The city of Orlando has established OneOrlando.org, a separate endeavor that has raised $6.8 million, a city spokesperson told the Orlando Sentinel.

Read More: #OrlandoUnited: How to Donate to Help Victims of the Orlando Nightclub Shooting

Currently the fund is $2 million short of its goal of $7 million, and 105,353 people have donated as of Friday morning. Over 203,000 have shared the campaign on social media, and some donations have hit $30,000, which came from Executive Pride, which promotes LGBTQ+ rights in business, according to the Sentinel.

Ratings-wise, Equality Florida gets a three out of four star rating from Charity Navigator and a gold rating on GuideStar, two charity watchdog groups.

Specifically, Equality Florida will be directing the proceeds from the GoFundMe campaign to “support every single victim of the horrific shooting at Orlando’s Pulse Nightclub. This includes victims’ families, survivors, and those in the club who may not have suffered physical injury but in need of support.”

Read More: Read This Expert’s Advice Before You Donate to the Orlando Shooting GoFundMe Campaign

As to GoFundMe’s take, the company’s website says it collects a 5% fee. Their payment processing through WePay is 2.9% $0.30 per donation, bringing the total to 7.9% and $0.30 per donation in costs.

Summary: The previous record was $2 million.


“Fargo” made an outstanding debut as a television show last year. The dark yet comedic cable drama racked up glowing reviews, earned Emmy nods for all four core cast members and won top awards as a series. Yet when the show begins its second season this month, it is essentially starting over from scratch with a whole new setting, story line and cast.

Adapted from Joel and Ethan Coen’s snow-encrusted crime film of the same title from 1996, “Fargo” (FX) stands out as an example of TV’s newest template for drama: stories contained in a single season of 10 or so episodes, populated with characters who won’t be seen again after the finale.

“Fargo” and shows like it are borrowing an approach from old programs such as “The Twilight Zone,” which offered an anthology of short stories, often unrelated, instead of a single continuous narrative. Another FX series, “American Horror Story” (returning for a fifth season on Oct. 7), was the first to update this approach. The format’s broader promise paid off last year with the arrival of HBO’s “True Detective,” starring Matthew McConaughey and Woody Harrelson as soul-searching cops, and “Fargo,” starring Billy Bob Thornton and Martin Freeman as foes in an almost biblical tale of good versus evil. Then the movie stars who propelled these fledgling shows moved on after their story arcs ended.

Noah Hawley, who wrote and produced the “Fargo” series, returning Oct. 12, compares each season to “10-hour movies” with the same cinematic DNA. From year to year, “You’re looking to duplicate a feeling more than a plot point. That’s not the way a [traditional] television series evolves, where you try launching something that’s going to run forever,” he says.

The rise of the anthology series reflects many of the changes transforming the television world. Shows with close-ended seasons give producers a way to recruit movie stars who want in on a hot medium but are unwilling to lock themselves into the multiyear contract of a traditional series. Viewers, deluged with programming options and more apt to watch on their own schedule, can jump aboard an anthology series without having to do homework on previous seasons. Networks, desperate to stand out, use terms like “limited series” and “event series” to trumpet their one-off star vehicles—which can get relabeled as anthologies if their impact merits a second round.

ABC landed 10 Emmy nominations for last spring’s “American Crime,” created by “12 Years a Slave” writer John Ridley. The show’s cachet balanced out against its relatively low ratings; ABC ordered a second season of “American Crime,” with a new case at its center and entirely new roles for its returning stars, including Felicity Huffman, Timothy Hutton and Regina King, who won a supporting-actress Emmy for her work on the first season.

Now, the anthology model is entering a crucial new chapter as TV networks and audiences alike discover the pros and cons of shows that essentially start over with each new season. “True Detective” went from a poster child for TV’s golden age to a pariah among critics of its second installment this past summer. It traded its setting in the South for Southern California and introduced troubled characters played by Vince Vaughn, Colin Farrell, Rachel McAdams and Taylor Kitsch, along with a convoluted mystery that befuddled many viewers. On the plus side, a third cycle of “True Detective” would give creator Nic Pizzolatto a blank slate. HBO hasn’t yet confirmed a third season.

When “Fargo” made its debut on the small screen last year, it faced the challenge of getting viewers to even understand what it was: a sort-of sequel to the Coen brothers’ film, but one that didn’t feature any of their original characters or involve their creative input. (The filmmakers gave the series their blessing and share in profits as executive producers, but the studio MGM controls the rights to “Fargo.”)

Mr. Hawley is a novelist whose work in TV brought him varying degrees of frustration and success before he got hired to adapt “Fargo.” He conjured a world that felt like the Coens’s, with similar camera work, tidbits of weirdness and composer Jeff Russo’s variations on the film’s haunting musical score. Yet his version thrived on its own terms, thanks to vivid characters like Lorne Malvo, Billy Bob Thornton’s journeyman killer, who delights in manipulating everyone he meets.

After winning both Emmy and Golden Globe awards in 2014 for best miniseries—a category FX says “Fargo” will likely enter again— the show is returning after a year-and-a-half gap with certain elements intact. The exaggerated Midwest mannerisms (“Ookay then”) remain, as does the framework of a killing in episode 1 that entangles decent folks with violent criminals. Though the plot is fictional, each episode begins with a message to viewers: “This is a true story.”

One family carries over. In season 1, set in 2006, the character Lou Solverson (played by Keith Carradine) was a widower with a limp who worried about the safety of his police-officer daughter (Allison Tolman) and made references to a massacre he witnessed in 1979. In season 2, set in that year, Solverson is played as a younger man by Patrick Wilson. His daughter Molly is 6 years old, and his wife is still alive. A state trooper and Vietnam War vet, Solverson is the first to recognize the crosscurrents of danger converging in his town of Luverne, Minn.

Virtually every other aspect of the plot has changed. The new time period involves repercussions from the Vietnam War, the ascendancy of Ronald Reagan, and the spread of feminism.

Instead of one man trapped in a festering lie, as portrayed by Mr. Freeman and William H. Macy in the original movie, in season 2 it’s a married couple—played by Kirsten Dunst and Jesse Plemons—who stumble into a crime coverup together.

The rest of the cast is new, too. Jean Smart is the matriarch of a Fargo crime family that has to fend off a takeover by a more corporate crime organization from Kansas City. The syndicate’s envoy is played by Brad Garrett, who says of Ms. Smart’s character, Floyd Gerhardt, “She’s tough. But, you know, a girl.”

Mr. Hawley says, “I was just increasing the level of difficulty. Now there’s a much larger cast, but you still have to feel just as involved and attached to all of them.”

The first time around, Mr. Hawley worked with four writers initially to map out the entire season’s plot developments before writing all the scripts himself. This time, he reconvened the same team, but also had them contribute to script writing.

For the producers, there are disadvantages to rebooting the show. “There’s not a single set from season 1 that is used in season 2. You have to build from scratch, so that’s more expensive,” says John Landgraf, chief executive of FX Networks and FX Productions. On the other hand, Mr. Landgraf notes that producers didn’t face the escalating costs involved with retaining cast members for multiple seasons.

However, the sheer number of stars is bigger, and it cost FX and MGM more to recreate 1979, which required licensing songs from the era for the soundtrack. Executive producer Warren Littlefield, a former head of NBC during the “Friends” and “Seinfeld” days, adds, “Every belt, jacket and pair of shoes is from the period, along with every car and toaster. And we’re not acquiring those things in southern California, we’re acquiring them in Canada,” where “Fargo” was shot in Calgary.

Given the reverence for the movie “Fargo,” the title almost worked against the TV series in its first season. “If it wasn’t as good as it was, we would have been a laughingstock,” Mr. Landgraf says. In year two, that name recognition helps the show’s prospects (as does its track record of awards and critical acclaim). However, it’s possible that the recipe—oddball humor mixed with grisly violence in a world where pivotal murders go down at the Waffle Hut—could get stale for viewers.

In season 2, Mr. Hawley and his team have found ways to define their own style, such as the introduction of split-screen sequences and the decision to make the social crises of the late ‘70s “more than just a backdrop,” he says. That’s not to say there aren’t direct references to the Coen brothers’ work. For instance, a meat grinder fulfills a similar function to the infamous woodchipper that pulverized Steve Buscemi’s character in the movie.

FX has not yet ordered a third installment, and Mr. Hawley declines to say whether he has woven threads into season 2 that could lead to a follow-up story.

Mr. Littlefield, however, foresees an indefinite number of chapters for the show, depending on how many Mr. Hawley can create for it: “Imagine that there’s a great big book called ‘True Crimes of the Midwest,’ and therein could lie any season of ‘Fargo.’”

Write to John Jurgensen at john.jurgensen@wsj.com

The character Molly is 6 years old. An earlier version of this article said she was 4.

Summary: The rise of anthology series, such as “Fargo” and “True Detective,” is giving producers more creative freedom and star-studded casts while allowing viewers to easily jump on board.


Walmart’s Amazon Prime competitor finally has name: ShippingPass.

TechCrunch reports the world’s largest retailer accidentally leaked that and other details when a test site for the service was accidentally made public yesterday, giving customers more insight into how Walmart plans to challenge Amazon’s online dominance.

As MONEY reported earlier, ShippingPass, previously codenamed “Tahoe,” will offer unlimited three-day delivery of eligible items purchased at walmart.com and cost $50 per year—half the price of Amazon Prime.

An FAQ posted on the testing site reveals the launch will be restricted to a limited number of areas at launch. Products eligible for ShippingPass delivery will be marked on Walmart’s website with special logo, much like how Amazon identifies items eligible for Prime shipping. According to the FAQ, three-day delivery will only be guaranteed if the order is placed by noon local time.

While not all items will be eligible for three-day shipping, the leaked site revealed some items with slower delivery times—four to six days—will also ship at no cost, and ShippingPass appears to have no minimum order. Walmart currently offers free standard shipping to all customers on orders that exceed $50.

Summary: It's called "ShippingPass."


There’s an interesting new entry in political polling: the U.S.C. Dornsife/Los Angeles Times “Daybreak” poll. It’s different from other surveys because it’s a panel, which means it recontacts the same voters over and over. In 2012, a similar panel study done by RAND was considered a big success.

But so far, the U.S.C./LAT panel has consistently been far out of step with other surveys. Donald Trump has led in nearly every survey it has conducted in the last few months, by as much as seven percentage points. Even today, Hillary Clinton has only a one-point lead — even as she claims a comfortable lead nationwide. It was enough for the Drudge Report to feature the poll result prominently.

One factor that could be contributing to the panel’s tilt toward Mr. Trump is its decision to weight its sample according to how people say they voted in 2012.

The pollsters ask respondents whether they voted for President Obama or Mitt Romney. They then weight the sample so that Obama voters represent 27 percent of the panel and Romney voters represent 25 percent, reflecting the split of 51 percent to 47 percent between the two among actual voters in 2012. (The rest include newly eligible voters and those who stayed home.)

This is a seemingly straightforward choice. After all, why wouldn’t you want the poll to include the right number of voters for Mr. Obama and Mr. Romney? But very few high-quality public surveys — in fact, none that I’m aware of — regularly use self-reported past voting to adjust their samples.

There’s a very good reason: People just don’t seem to report their past vote very accurately. Answers tend to wind up biased toward the winner; often, people who vote for the loser say they “can’t remember” or say they voted for someone else.

That tendency is worth keeping in mind as the year’s inevitable fights about polling methodology get underway.

The most recent New York Times/CBS News poll, which showed a tied race between Mr. Trump and Mrs. Clinton heading into the Republican convention, found that 33 percent said they had voted for Mr. Obama and 25 percent for Mr. Romney. The results were similar in May: 41 percent for Obama and 32 percent for Mr. Romney (the numbers are higher because it was asked only of registered voters in May). The most recent NBC/WSJ poll, conducted after the Democratic convention, showed an even larger 46-to-31 split among registered voters.

The Upshot’s presidential forecast, updated daily.

This is not a new phenomenon. Back in 2012, Pew’s surveys showed Mr. Obama ahead by 34 to 25 among voters from 2008. If you have a really long memory, you might even remember controversy about polls that showed people recalled voting for George W. Bush over Al Gore in 2000 by a comfortable margin in 2004 polls, even though Mr. Gore won the popular vote. But it’s not perfectly consistent, either: With Mr. Bush’s popularity flagging in 2007 and 2008, more polls started showing that voters recalled voting for John Kerry in 2004.

With these figures in mind, the U.S.C./LAT poll’s decision to weight its sample to 27 percent for Mr. Obama and 25 percent for Mr. Romney is quite risky. If the panelists, like those in other surveys, are likelier to recall voting for the winner (Mr. Obama), then the poll is unintentionally giving extra weight to Republican voters. Or you can imagine a counterfactual: If the poll were weighted to 33 percent for Obama and 25 percent for Romney (per the NYT/CBS numbers), then Mrs. Clinton would hold a more comfortable lead.

Now, the U.S.C./LAT survey is so different from other polls that it’s possible that its lean toward the G.O.P. isn’t because of its use of self-reported past voting. It’s an online panel, not a live-interview survey, so perhaps the bias toward the winner in a past election is less acute in that setting. In 2012, the RAND panel took a similar approach and didn’t seem to have the same type of bias. Indeed, the U.S.C./LAT poll’s methodology report defends the decision by citing a RAND study of 2008 panelists:

In our preparation of the RAND 2012 Continuous Presidential Election Poll, we found that members of RAND’s American Life Panel were very accurate in their reporting of their voting four years earlier: More than 90% of the reports in 2012 about voting in 2008 coincided with their reports immediately after the 2008 election, for those panel members that participated in both surveys (Gutsche et al., 2014; Kapteyn et al., 2012).

The 90 percent accuracy doesn’t necessarily indicate that the measure is unbiased (if the 10 percent of switches were all people going from John McCain to “can’t remember,” then weighting to the 2008 result would be very problematic). Nor would it prove that new panelists would be as accurate at recalling their vote as longtime panelists. It’s even possible that the past-vote bias may be more acute this year, with enthusiasm for Mr. Obama at fairly high levels compared with 2012. But it does at least raise the possibility that the measure might be more useful in this format than in a typical telephone poll.

There are many other things that could be causing the difference between the U.S.C./LAT results and other surveys — like its unusual probabilistic measure of vote support (voters indicate how likely they are to vote for a candidate on a scale from 0 to 100) or the difficulties of recruiting and maintaining a panel.

No matter the cause, the U.S.C./LAT panel is still useful. Since it recontacts the same voters, it’s easier to distinguish actual shifts among voters from changes in who is responding to a poll. So while the poll may show Mrs. Clinton up by only 1 point, the trend line — an eight-point shift from Mr. Trump’s seven-point lead after the convention — is still very telling.

An earlier version of this article misstated the polling weights of the U.S.C./LAT poll based on panelists’ past voting record. The sample was weighted so that Obama voters represented 27 percent of the panel and Romney voters represent 25 percent, not 25 percent for Obama voters and 23 percent for Romney voters.

Summary: It relies in part on how panelists say they voted in 2012, but people tend not to report their past votes very accurately.


Shots were fired at Dallas Love Field Airport on Friday when a police officer fired on a man near a baggage claim area who may have been armed with a large rock.

According to Assistant Police Chief Randall Blankenbaker, the man was using large rocks to attack the car of a woman who may be the mother of his children. An officer assigned to the airport intervened, and when the man rushed the officer, the officer fired on him a number of times.

The man, identified only as a black male, was taken to a local hospital. His current status is unclear, but Chief Blankenbaker said he believed the suspect was conscious when he was taken away from the scene.

In the uncertainty after the shooting, some people on security lines at the airport rushed through without being checked. After the incident, travelers were pulled out of the secure area to be rechecked. A representative for the airport said there had been several cancellations and delays, but that lines were moving quickly.

Further details on the shooting are still being investigated. The officer who fired his weapon will be placed on routine administrative leave per the Dallas Police Department’s policy.

Summary: Dallas police officers are on the scene


CAMBRIDGE — Ask Charlie Kohlhase a question about jazz history.

If you’re wondering about, say, an obscure studio session from the 1960s, there’s a good enough chance he’ll have a copy of it in his home collection, which numbers over 10,000 LPs and a few thousand more CDs.

And in a realm of music that was dividing itself into careful subgenres long before historians of EDM debated the merits of Chicago house music versus jump-up drum ’n’ bass, Kohlhase will eagerly connect the dots between the seemingly incompatible styles of a mainstream icon and a fringe innovator.

“Here’s somebody who understands that to define jazz by its stylistic limitations is artistically and creatively dangerous,” says guitarist Eric Hofbauer, who has played in Kohlhase-led bands since 2000. “He loves Louis Armstrong as much as he loves Albert Ayler, and he can connect them both in four records. And he’s going to find a way in his original pieces to honor and justify both of those languages in the world of jazz.”

Kohlhase—a saxophonist, songwriter, educator, and radio host who has led various free-jazz-minded ensembles in the area since 1980—achieved his stature as the Boston area’s walking encyclopedia of jazz simply by listening to, and playing, lots of music. A native of Portsmouth, N.H., he hung around the University of New Hampshire for eight years, but not in the classrooms — he started DJing on college radio while still a sophomore in high school.

Outpost 186, 186 Hampshire St., Cambridge Mass. 02139 http://www.outpost186.com

It was the record library of WUNH that offered his first deep exposure to the music, spurred on by a few slightly older friends who talked up the merits of progressive players like John Coltrane and the Art Ensemble of Chicago. He quickly traded his pop-oriented show for two overnight on-air shifts, digging through the crates for the benefit of his listeners as many as 12 hours a week.

“I grew up at a time when people were really interested in free jazz. That was really part of the music to me. And I think you miss that today,” says Charlie Kohlhase.

“I got to listen to a lot of stuff,” Kohlhase, who turns 57 this month, says with typical humility on the phone from his home in Chelsea. The free-thinking musician, who later became an institution on MIT’s WMBR-FM (88.1) — where he’s hosted the weekly show “Research and Development” since 1996 — has made it his business to promote “forward looking jazz,” as he calls it.

His long-running quintet, and succeeding ensembles CK5 and Charlie Kohlhase’s Explorer’s Club, have been forums for his creative compositions married with conscientiously orchestrated, but out-there, improvisation.

At the Longy School of Music in Cambridge, he runs the student ensemble of the Modern American Music program, where he can call on his many friends and collaborators in Boston’s free-blowing scene for fresh arrangements or compositions.

“I grew up at a time when people were really interested in free jazz. That was really part of the music to me. And I think you miss that today. I think the influence of Wynton Marsalis and Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra has kind of taken that music out of people's general perception of what jazz is,” he says. “To me, jazz is all of that. All the stuff — all the swing, bop, as well as free jazz — and we’re just trying to mold that into something that is a 21st-century music now.”

Though his formal education didn’t extend beyond high school, the self-made musician complemented his copious listening habits with private instruction from saxophonist Stan Strickland and trombonist Roswell Rudd, plus the less-formal tutelage of the late John Tchicai, a friend and sometime-collaborator who’d played sax with the likes of Ayler and Coltrane.

Russ Gershon, leader of the Either/Orchestra, which Kohlhase has played with as a sideman for many years, says his friend’s catholic listening interests inform his playing but don’t cramp his creativity. “I know who his influences are and I hear them in his playing, but it’s just always Charlie. He’s an open-minded, tolerant, very funny guy.”

With his Explorer’s Club, which Kohlhase says he named with an eye toward something “with a Boy Scout-ish image but also the potential for some subversion,” he presents free-roaming compositions meant to highlight the musical ideas of his collaborators. (Depending on availability, the group may grow from three to nine players. A trio version, with drummer Curt Newton and bassist Matt Stavrakas, plays Outpost 186 on Thursday.)

A section with relatively straight-ahead chord changes may give way to a more open modal improvisation, or a backbeat-driven vamp. Players may even be assigned “roles” as the comic book-inspired characters Kohlhase wryly created as thematic jumping-off points.

“The way I program the music with my band is kind of like a radio program. I try and get a variety of different sounds and textures into each set. And I think that kind of thing informs the writing and arranging as well,” he explains.The unifying spirit among Kohlhase’s projects seems to be his general affability and openness to others’ musical suggestions.

“We always have a million ideas and we’re not afraid to say them, which is great. Some bands I’m in, I keep my mouth shut. But it’s very comfortable in his band,” Hofbauer says. At rehearsals, he adds, there’s plenty of laughter and personal catch-up time. “That’s a clever way to run a band — to keep it fun like it’s a hang, but to get creative work done where everyone's contributing.”

But beneath Kohlhase’s unassuming nature is a busy mind.

Gershon says he’s borrowed some things from Kohlhase’s vast music library, but can name at least one item he hasn’t returned. Surely his friend won’t miss it, right?

“I’m 100 percent sure he remembers what it was,” Gershon says.

Summary: Ask Charlie Kohlhase a question about jazz history. If you’re wondering about, say, an obscure studio session from the 1960s, there’s a good enough chance he’ll have a copy of it in his home collection, which numbers over 10,000 LPs and a few thousand more CDs. Kohlhase—a saxophonist, songwriter, educator and radio host who has led various free-jazz-minded ensembles in the area since 1980—achieved his stature as the Boston area’s walking encyclopedia of jazz simply by listening to, and playing, lots of music. A native of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, he hung around UNH for eight years, but not in the classrooms—he started DJing on college radio while still a sophomore in high school. He brings his Explorer’s Club Trio to Outpost 186 on Thursday.


Ian tells Business Club how, almost two decades later, his company uses video conferencing internally and externally in every part of the business, and how practising what they preach is the ideal marketing strategy for introducing video conferencing to new customers.

Offices Worldwide: 8 (France (2), UK, Spain, Holland, Belgium, China, South Africa)

Summary: When Imago Group was founded in 1991, video conferencing was an embryonic business   product.