Postoperative changes are seen from posterior surgical fusion of C2-C5, including bilateral lateral mass screws at C2, C4, and C5 as well as a right-sided screw at C3. Interconnecting rods are present, with bone graft material deposited along the posterior elements. There is a partial left-sided lateral laminotomy at C4 and medial facetectomy at C2-C3 and C3-C4. There is no evidence of cortical breach by the screws. The transverse foramina are intact. A right-sided laminotomy is present at C5, with suggestion of a lucency as well through the left C5 lamina possibly on 4/46, likely relating to remote postsurgical changes. Irregular lucency is incidentally noted along the left C2 pars interarticularis which may relate to previous screw tract. The scout lateral view and the sagittal reformatted images demonstrate normal alignment of the cervical spine, with straightening of the normal cervical lordosis. There is moderate disc space narrowing at C5-C6 and likely mild-moderate disc space narrowing at C6-C7. The vertebral body and disk space heights are otherwise well-maintained. Prominent ventral osteophytes are noted from C4-C5 through C6-C7. Smaller ventral osteophytes are present at C2-C3 and C3-C4. There is developmental narrowing of the cervical spinal canal. There is no acute fracture or instrumentation complication. At C1-C2, there is a normal relationship of the dens with the arch of C1. At C2-C3, there is a trace posterior osteophyte disk complex with right greater than left uncovertebral hypertrophy. There is mild central spinal canal stenosis and at most minimal right foraminal narrowing. At C3-C4, there is a minimal diffuse posterior osteophyte disk complex with bilateral mild uncovertebral hypertrophy and facet arthropathy contributing to overall mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis as well as moderate-severe left and mild right foraminal narrowing. At C4-C5, the central spinal canal is not well assessed secondary to artifact. There is bilateral uncovertebral hypertrophy and facet arthropathy resulting in moderate left foraminal narrowing. At C5-C6, there is mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis, with diffuse posterior osteophyte disk complex and uncovertebral hypertrophy. The left foramen is widely patent on sagittal images, with mild-moderate narrowing on the right. At C6-C7, there is severe hypertrophied bone, left greater than right side along the uncovertebral joints. There is mild to moderate left and minimal right foraminal narrowing. Focal indentation of the left ventral thecal sac is noted with likely mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis. At C7-T1, there is a leftward predominant disc bulge with bilateral uncovertebral hypertrophy. There is moderate left foraminal narrowing. There is mild mucosal thickening within the maxillary sinuses bilaterally. Minimal opacity dependently in the right lung apex may represent atelectasis and or or scarring.
anatomical entity_fin: {'lateral mass': {'location descriptor': 'bilateral'}}location descriptor_fin: ['posterior', 'bilateral', 'right']clinical findings_fin: {'postoperative changes': {'clinical finding': 'postoperative changes', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'postoperative', 'observation': 'change'}, 'posterior surgical fusion': {'clinical finding': 'posterior surgical fusion', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'posterior surgical', 'observation': 'fusion'}, 'bilateral lateral mass screws': {'clinical finding': 'bilateral lateral mass screws', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'bilateral lateral mass', 'observation': 'screw'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'bone graft': {}}location descriptor_fin: ['posterior']clinical findings_fin: {'interconnecting rods': {'clinical finding': 'interconnecting rods', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'interconnecting', 'observation': 'rod'}, 'bone graft material': {'clinical finding': 'bone graft material', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'bone graft', 'observation': 'material'}}location descriptor_fin: ['left', 'lateral', 'medial']clinical findings_fin: {'partial left-sided lateral laminotomy': {'clinical finding': 'partial left-sided lateral laminotomy', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'partial left-sided lateral', 'observation': 'laminotomy', 'strength_term': 'partial'}, 'medial facetectomy': {'clinical finding': 'medial facetectomy', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'medial', 'observation': 'facetectomy'}}clinical findings_fin: {'cortical breach': {'clinical finding': 'cortical breach', 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'cortical', 'observation': 'breach'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'foramina': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'intact': {'clinical finding': 'intact', 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'observation': 'intact'}}location descriptor_fin: ['right', 'left']clinical findings_fin: {'right-sided laminotomy': {'clinical finding': 'right-sided laminotomy', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'right-sided', 'observation': 'laminotomy'}, 'remote postsurgical changes': {'clinical finding': 'remote postsurgical changes', 'existence': 'unc_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'remote postsurgical', 'observation': 'change'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'pars interarticularis': {}}location descriptor_fin: ['left']clinical findings_fin: {'previous screw tract': {'clinical finding': 'previous screw tract', 'existence': 'unc_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'previous screw', 'observation': 'tract', 'temporal_term': 'previous'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spine': {}}location descriptor_fin: ['lateral']clinical findings_fin: {'normal alignment': {'clinical finding': 'normal alignment', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'normal', 'observation': 'alignment', 'strength_term': 'normal'}, 'normal cervical lordosis': {'clinical finding': 'normal cervical lordosis', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'normal cervical', 'observation': 'lordosis', 'strength_term': 'normal'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'disc': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'moderate disc space narrowing_1': {'clinical finding': 'moderate disc space narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'moderate disc space', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'moderate'}, 'moderate disc space narrowing_2': {'clinical finding': 'moderate disc space narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'moderate disc space', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'moderate'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'vertebral body': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'vertebral body and disk space heights': {'clinical finding': 'vertebral body and disk space heights', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'vertebral body and disk space', 'observation': 'height'}}clinical findings_fin: {'prominent ventral osteophytes': {'clinical finding': 'prominent ventral osteophytes', 'cf_snomed': {'osteophyte': 88998003}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'prominent ventral', 'observation': 'osteophyte', 'strength_term': 'prominent'}}clinical findings_fin: {'smaller ventral osteophytes': {'clinical finding': 'smaller ventral osteophytes', 'cf_snomed': {'osteophyte': 88998003}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'smaller ventral', 'observation': 'osteophyte'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal canal': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'developmental narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'developmental narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'developmental', 'observation': 'narrowing'}}clinical findings_fin: {'acute fracture or instrumentation complication': {'clinical finding': 'acute fracture or instrumentation complication', 'cf_snomed': {'fracture': 72704001}, 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'acute fracture or instrumentation', 'observation': 'complication', 'strength_term': 'acute', 'temporal_term': 'acute'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'dens': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'c1 -c2 , there is a normal relationship of the dens with the arch of c1': {'clinical finding': 'c1 -c2 , there is a normal relationship of the dens with the arch of c1'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'uncovertebral': {'location descriptor': 'left'}}location descriptor_fin: ['posterior', 'right', 'left']clinical findings_fin: {'trace posterior osteophyte': {'clinical finding': 'trace posterior osteophyte', 'cf_snomed': {'osteophyte': 88998003}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'trace posterior', 'observation': 'osteophyte'}, 'right greater than left uncovertebral hypertrophy': {'clinical finding': 'right greater than left uncovertebral hypertrophy', 'cf_snomed': {'hypertrophy': 56246009}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'right greater than left uncovertebral', 'observation': 'hypertrophy', 'change_term': 'greater'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal canal': {'location descriptor': 'central'}}location descriptor_fin: ['central', 'right']clinical findings_fin: {'mild central spinal canal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'mild central spinal canal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild central spinal canal', 'observation': 'stenosis', 'strength_term': 'mild'}, 'at most minimal right foraminal narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'at most minimal right foraminal narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'at most minimal right foraminal', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'minimal', 'quantity_term': 'most - minimal'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'uncovertebral': {}, 'facet': {}, 'spinal canal': {'location descriptor': 'central'}}location descriptor_fin: ['posterior', 'bilateral', 'central', 'left', 'right']clinical findings_fin: {'minimal diffuse posterior osteophyte disk': {'clinical finding': 'minimal diffuse posterior osteophyte disk', 'cf_snomed': {'osteophyte': 88998003}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'minimal diffuse posterior osteophyte', 'observation': 'disk', 'strength_term': 'minimal', 'quantity_term': 'minimal'}, 'bilateral mild uncovertebral hypertrophy': {'clinical finding': 'bilateral mild uncovertebral hypertrophy', 'cf_snomed': {'hypertrophy': 56246009}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'bilateral mild uncovertebral', 'observation': 'hypertrophy', 'strength_term': 'mild'}, 'overall mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'overall mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'overall mild-moderate central spinal canal', 'observation': 'stenosis', 'strength_term': 'mild - moderate'}, 'moderate-severe left and mild right foraminal narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'moderate-severe left and mild right foraminal narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'moderate-severe left and mild right foraminal', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'moderate - severe - mild'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal canal': {'location descriptor': 'central'}}location descriptor_fin: ['central']clinical findings_fin: {'artifact': {'clinical finding': 'artifact', 'cf_snomed': {'artifact': 47973001}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'observation': 'artifact'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'facet': {}}location descriptor_fin: ['bilateral', 'left']clinical findings_fin: {'bilateral uncovertebral hypertrophy': {'clinical finding': 'bilateral uncovertebral hypertrophy', 'cf_snomed': {'hypertrophy': 56246009}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'bilateral uncovertebral', 'observation': 'hypertrophy'}, 'moderate left foraminal narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'moderate left foraminal narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'moderate left foraminal', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'moderate'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal canal': {'location descriptor': 'central'}, 'uncovertebral': {}}location descriptor_fin: ['central', 'posterior']clinical findings_fin: {'mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild-moderate central spinal canal', 'observation': 'stenosis', 'strength_term': 'mild - moderate'}, 'diffuse posterior osteophyte disk': {'clinical finding': 'diffuse posterior osteophyte disk', 'cf_snomed': {'osteophyte': 88998003}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'diffuse posterior osteophyte', 'observation': 'disk'}, 'uncovertebral hypertrophy': {'clinical finding': 'uncovertebral hypertrophy', 'cf_snomed': {'hypertrophy': 56246009}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'uncovertebral', 'observation': 'hypertrophy'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'foramen': {'location descriptor': 'left'}}location descriptor_fin: ['left', 'right']clinical findings_fin: {'patent': {'clinical finding': 'patent', 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'observation': 'patent'}, 'mild-moderate narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'mild-moderate narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild-moderate', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'mild - moderate'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'bone': {}, 'uncovertebral joints': {}}location descriptor_fin: ['left', 'right']clinical findings_fin: {'severe hypertrophied': {'clinical finding': 'severe hypertrophied', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'severe', 'observation': 'hypertrophied', 'strength_term': 'severe'}}location descriptor_fin: ['left', 'right']clinical findings_fin: {'mild to moderate left and minimal right foraminal narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'mild to moderate left and minimal right foraminal narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild to moderate left and minimal right foraminal', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'mild - moderate - minimal', 'quantity_term': 'minimal'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal canal': {'location descriptor': 'central'}}location descriptor_fin: ['left', 'central']clinical findings_fin: {'likely mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'likely mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'likely mild-moderate central spinal canal', 'observation': 'stenosis', 'strength_term': 'mild - moderate'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'disc': {}, 'uncovertebral': {'location descriptor': 'bilateral'}}location descriptor_fin: ['bilateral']clinical findings_fin: {'leftward predominant disc bulge': {'clinical finding': 'leftward predominant disc bulge', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'leftward predominant disc', 'observation': 'bulge'}, 'bilateral uncovertebral hypertrophy': {'clinical finding': 'bilateral uncovertebral hypertrophy', 'cf_snomed': {'hypertrophy': 56246009}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'bilateral uncovertebral', 'observation': 'hypertrophy'}}location descriptor_fin: ['left']clinical findings_fin: {'moderate left foraminal narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'moderate left foraminal narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'moderate left foraminal', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'moderate'}}clinical findings_fin: {'mild mucosal thickening': {'clinical finding': 'mild mucosal thickening', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild mucosal', 'observation': 'thickening', 'strength_term': 'mild'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'right lung': {}, 'apex': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'minimal opacity': {'clinical finding': 'minimal opacity', 'cf_snomed': {'opacity': 128305008}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'minimal', 'observation': 'opacity', 'strength_term': 'minimal', 'quantity_term': 'minimal'}, 'atelectasis': {'clinical finding': 'atelectasis', 'cf_snomed': {'atelectasis': 46621007}, 'existence': 'unc_dx', 'observation': 'atelectasis'}, 'scarring': {'clinical finding': 'scarring', 'existence': 'unc_dx', 'observation': 'scarr'}}
<s>[INST] Write the finding section for a radiology report based on the following information: anatomical entity_fin: {'lateral mass': {'location descriptor': 'bilateral'}}location descriptor_fin: ['posterior', 'bilateral', 'right']clinical findings_fin: {'postoperative changes': {'clinical finding': 'postoperative changes', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'postoperative', 'observation': 'change'}, 'posterior surgical fusion': {'clinical finding': 'posterior surgical fusion', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'posterior surgical', 'observation': 'fusion'}, 'bilateral lateral mass screws': {'clinical finding': 'bilateral lateral mass screws', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'bilateral lateral mass', 'observation': 'screw'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'bone graft': {}}location descriptor_fin: ['posterior']clinical findings_fin: {'interconnecting rods': {'clinical finding': 'interconnecting rods', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'interconnecting', 'observation': 'rod'}, 'bone graft material': {'clinical finding': 'bone graft material', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'bone graft', 'observation': 'material'}}location descriptor_fin: ['left', 'lateral', 'medial']clinical findings_fin: {'partial left-sided lateral laminotomy': {'clinical finding': 'partial left-sided lateral laminotomy', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'partial left-sided lateral', 'observation': 'laminotomy', 'strength_term': 'partial'}, 'medial facetectomy': {'clinical finding': 'medial facetectomy', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'medial', 'observation': 'facetectomy'}}clinical findings_fin: {'cortical breach': {'clinical finding': 'cortical breach', 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'cortical', 'observation': 'breach'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'foramina': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'intact': {'clinical finding': 'intact', 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'observation': 'intact'}}location descriptor_fin: ['right', 'left']clinical findings_fin: {'right-sided laminotomy': {'clinical finding': 'right-sided laminotomy', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'right-sided', 'observation': 'laminotomy'}, 'remote postsurgical changes': {'clinical finding': 'remote postsurgical changes', 'existence': 'unc_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'remote postsurgical', 'observation': 'change'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'pars interarticularis': {}}location descriptor_fin: ['left']clinical findings_fin: {'previous screw tract': {'clinical finding': 'previous screw tract', 'existence': 'unc_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'previous screw', 'observation': 'tract', 'temporal_term': 'previous'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spine': {}}location descriptor_fin: ['lateral']clinical findings_fin: {'normal alignment': {'clinical finding': 'normal alignment', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'normal', 'observation': 'alignment', 'strength_term': 'normal'}, 'normal cervical lordosis': {'clinical finding': 'normal cervical lordosis', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'normal cervical', 'observation': 'lordosis', 'strength_term': 'normal'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'disc': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'moderate disc space narrowing_1': {'clinical finding': 'moderate disc space narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'moderate disc space', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'moderate'}, 'moderate disc space narrowing_2': {'clinical finding': 'moderate disc space narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'moderate disc space', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'moderate'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'vertebral body': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'vertebral body and disk space heights': {'clinical finding': 'vertebral body and disk space heights', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'vertebral body and disk space', 'observation': 'height'}}clinical findings_fin: {'prominent ventral osteophytes': {'clinical finding': 'prominent ventral osteophytes', 'cf_snomed': {'osteophyte': 88998003}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'prominent ventral', 'observation': 'osteophyte', 'strength_term': 'prominent'}}clinical findings_fin: {'smaller ventral osteophytes': {'clinical finding': 'smaller ventral osteophytes', 'cf_snomed': {'osteophyte': 88998003}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'smaller ventral', 'observation': 'osteophyte'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal canal': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'developmental narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'developmental narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'developmental', 'observation': 'narrowing'}}clinical findings_fin: {'acute fracture or instrumentation complication': {'clinical finding': 'acute fracture or instrumentation complication', 'cf_snomed': {'fracture': 72704001}, 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'acute fracture or instrumentation', 'observation': 'complication', 'strength_term': 'acute', 'temporal_term': 'acute'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'dens': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'c1 -c2 , there is a normal relationship of the dens with the arch of c1': {'clinical finding': 'c1 -c2 , there is a normal relationship of the dens with the arch of c1'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'uncovertebral': {'location descriptor': 'left'}}location descriptor_fin: ['posterior', 'right', 'left']clinical findings_fin: {'trace posterior osteophyte': {'clinical finding': 'trace posterior osteophyte', 'cf_snomed': {'osteophyte': 88998003}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'trace posterior', 'observation': 'osteophyte'}, 'right greater than left uncovertebral hypertrophy': {'clinical finding': 'right greater than left uncovertebral hypertrophy', 'cf_snomed': {'hypertrophy': 56246009}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'right greater than left uncovertebral', 'observation': 'hypertrophy', 'change_term': 'greater'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal canal': {'location descriptor': 'central'}}location descriptor_fin: ['central', 'right']clinical findings_fin: {'mild central spinal canal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'mild central spinal canal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild central spinal canal', 'observation': 'stenosis', 'strength_term': 'mild'}, 'at most minimal right foraminal narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'at most minimal right foraminal narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'at most minimal right foraminal', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'minimal', 'quantity_term': 'most - minimal'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'uncovertebral': {}, 'facet': {}, 'spinal canal': {'location descriptor': 'central'}}location descriptor_fin: ['posterior', 'bilateral', 'central', 'left', 'right']clinical findings_fin: {'minimal diffuse posterior osteophyte disk': {'clinical finding': 'minimal diffuse posterior osteophyte disk', 'cf_snomed': {'osteophyte': 88998003}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'minimal diffuse posterior osteophyte', 'observation': 'disk', 'strength_term': 'minimal', 'quantity_term': 'minimal'}, 'bilateral mild uncovertebral hypertrophy': {'clinical finding': 'bilateral mild uncovertebral hypertrophy', 'cf_snomed': {'hypertrophy': 56246009}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'bilateral mild uncovertebral', 'observation': 'hypertrophy', 'strength_term': 'mild'}, 'overall mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'overall mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'overall mild-moderate central spinal canal', 'observation': 'stenosis', 'strength_term': 'mild - moderate'}, 'moderate-severe left and mild right foraminal narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'moderate-severe left and mild right foraminal narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'moderate-severe left and mild right foraminal', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'moderate - severe - mild'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal canal': {'location descriptor': 'central'}}location descriptor_fin: ['central']clinical findings_fin: {'artifact': {'clinical finding': 'artifact', 'cf_snomed': {'artifact': 47973001}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'observation': 'artifact'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'facet': {}}location descriptor_fin: ['bilateral', 'left']clinical findings_fin: {'bilateral uncovertebral hypertrophy': {'clinical finding': 'bilateral uncovertebral hypertrophy', 'cf_snomed': {'hypertrophy': 56246009}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'bilateral uncovertebral', 'observation': 'hypertrophy'}, 'moderate left foraminal narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'moderate left foraminal narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'moderate left foraminal', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'moderate'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal canal': {'location descriptor': 'central'}, 'uncovertebral': {}}location descriptor_fin: ['central', 'posterior']clinical findings_fin: {'mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild-moderate central spinal canal', 'observation': 'stenosis', 'strength_term': 'mild - moderate'}, 'diffuse posterior osteophyte disk': {'clinical finding': 'diffuse posterior osteophyte disk', 'cf_snomed': {'osteophyte': 88998003}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'diffuse posterior osteophyte', 'observation': 'disk'}, 'uncovertebral hypertrophy': {'clinical finding': 'uncovertebral hypertrophy', 'cf_snomed': {'hypertrophy': 56246009}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'uncovertebral', 'observation': 'hypertrophy'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'foramen': {'location descriptor': 'left'}}location descriptor_fin: ['left', 'right']clinical findings_fin: {'patent': {'clinical finding': 'patent', 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'observation': 'patent'}, 'mild-moderate narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'mild-moderate narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild-moderate', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'mild - moderate'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'bone': {}, 'uncovertebral joints': {}}location descriptor_fin: ['left', 'right']clinical findings_fin: {'severe hypertrophied': {'clinical finding': 'severe hypertrophied', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'severe', 'observation': 'hypertrophied', 'strength_term': 'severe'}}location descriptor_fin: ['left', 'right']clinical findings_fin: {'mild to moderate left and minimal right foraminal narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'mild to moderate left and minimal right foraminal narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild to moderate left and minimal right foraminal', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'mild - moderate - minimal', 'quantity_term': 'minimal'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal canal': {'location descriptor': 'central'}}location descriptor_fin: ['left', 'central']clinical findings_fin: {'likely mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'likely mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'likely mild-moderate central spinal canal', 'observation': 'stenosis', 'strength_term': 'mild - moderate'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'disc': {}, 'uncovertebral': {'location descriptor': 'bilateral'}}location descriptor_fin: ['bilateral']clinical findings_fin: {'leftward predominant disc bulge': {'clinical finding': 'leftward predominant disc bulge', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'leftward predominant disc', 'observation': 'bulge'}, 'bilateral uncovertebral hypertrophy': {'clinical finding': 'bilateral uncovertebral hypertrophy', 'cf_snomed': {'hypertrophy': 56246009}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'bilateral uncovertebral', 'observation': 'hypertrophy'}}location descriptor_fin: ['left']clinical findings_fin: {'moderate left foraminal narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'moderate left foraminal narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'moderate left foraminal', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'moderate'}}clinical findings_fin: {'mild mucosal thickening': {'clinical finding': 'mild mucosal thickening', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild mucosal', 'observation': 'thickening', 'strength_term': 'mild'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'right lung': {}, 'apex': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'minimal opacity': {'clinical finding': 'minimal opacity', 'cf_snomed': {'opacity': 128305008}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'minimal', 'observation': 'opacity', 'strength_term': 'minimal', 'quantity_term': 'minimal'}, 'atelectasis': {'clinical finding': 'atelectasis', 'cf_snomed': {'atelectasis': 46621007}, 'existence': 'unc_dx', 'observation': 'atelectasis'}, 'scarring': {'clinical finding': 'scarring', 'existence': 'unc_dx', 'observation': 'scarr'}} [/INST] Postoperative changes are seen from posterior surgical fusion of C2-C5, including bilateral lateral mass screws at C2, C4, and C5 as well as a right-sided screw at C3. Interconnecting rods are present, with bone graft material deposited along the posterior elements. There is a partial left-sided lateral laminotomy at C4 and medial facetectomy at C2-C3 and C3-C4. There is no evidence of cortical breach by the screws. The transverse foramina are intact. A right-sided laminotomy is present at C5, with suggestion of a lucency as well through the left C5 lamina possibly on 4/46, likely relating to remote postsurgical changes. Irregular lucency is incidentally noted along the left C2 pars interarticularis which may relate to previous screw tract. The scout lateral view and the sagittal reformatted images demonstrate normal alignment of the cervical spine, with straightening of the normal cervical lordosis. There is moderate disc space narrowing at C5-C6 and likely mild-moderate disc space narrowing at C6-C7. The vertebral body and disk space heights are otherwise well-maintained. Prominent ventral osteophytes are noted from C4-C5 through C6-C7. Smaller ventral osteophytes are present at C2-C3 and C3-C4. There is developmental narrowing of the cervical spinal canal. There is no acute fracture or instrumentation complication. At C1-C2, there is a normal relationship of the dens with the arch of C1. At C2-C3, there is a trace posterior osteophyte disk complex with right greater than left uncovertebral hypertrophy. There is mild central spinal canal stenosis and at most minimal right foraminal narrowing. At C3-C4, there is a minimal diffuse posterior osteophyte disk complex with bilateral mild uncovertebral hypertrophy and facet arthropathy contributing to overall mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis as well as moderate-severe left and mild right foraminal narrowing. At C4-C5, the central spinal canal is not well assessed secondary to artifact. There is bilateral uncovertebral hypertrophy and facet arthropathy resulting in moderate left foraminal narrowing. At C5-C6, there is mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis, with diffuse posterior osteophyte disk complex and uncovertebral hypertrophy. The left foramen is widely patent on sagittal images, with mild-moderate narrowing on the right. At C6-C7, there is severe hypertrophied bone, left greater than right side along the uncovertebral joints. There is mild to moderate left and minimal right foraminal narrowing. Focal indentation of the left ventral thecal sac is noted with likely mild-moderate central spinal canal stenosis. At C7-T1, there is a leftward predominant disc bulge with bilateral uncovertebral hypertrophy. There is moderate left foraminal narrowing. There is mild mucosal thickening within the maxillary sinuses bilaterally. Minimal opacity dependently in the right lung apex may represent atelectasis and or or scarring. </s>