For the purposes of localization, there are 5 lumbar type vertebral bodies. And the lowest lumbar type vertebral body was called as L5. The patient has undergone a L2-L5 posterior spinal fusion with pedicle screw fixation on the right from L2 through L5 and on the left at L2 and L5 with bilateral rods. There are interbody spacers also present in the L2-3, L3-4 and L4-5 intervertebral disc spaces. There is no significant spinal canal stenosis. At the lower thoracic levels there is some mild loss of disc space height of the T11-12 level with mild degenerative endplate changes. No significant spinal canal stenosis or neural foraminal narrowing at the lower thoracic levels. At L1-2 there is is evidence of a small central disc protrusion with mild spinal canal narrowing and mild left neuroforaminal stenosis. At L2-3 and L3-4 there is evidence of a posterior spinal fusion and interbody spacer without significant spinal canal stenosis or neuroforaminal narrowing. At L4-5 there is evidence of a posterior spinal fusion and interbody spacer without central spinal canal stenosis. Mild right and moderate left neuroforaminal stenosis. At L5-S1 there is no significant compromise to spinal canal or neural foramina. There are midline surgical skin staples and a small foci of gas within the soft tissues extending into the retroperitoneal spaces compatible with recent surgery.
anatomical entity_fin: {'vertebral bodies': {}}procedure_fin: ['localization']anatomical entity_fin: {'lumbar': {}, 'vertebral body': {}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal': {'location descriptor': 'posterior'}}location descriptor_fin: ['posterior', 'right', 'left', 'bilateral']object_fin: ['pedicle screw']procedure_fin: ['spinal fusion']clinical findings_fin: {'l2-l5 posterior spinal fusion': {'clinical finding': 'l2-l5 posterior spinal fusion', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'l2-l5 posterior spinal', 'observation': 'fusion'}, 'bilateral rods': {'clinical finding': 'bilateral rods', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'bilateral', 'observation': 'rod'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'disc': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'interbody spacers': {'clinical finding': 'interbody spacers', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'interbody', 'observation': 'spacer'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal canal': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'significant spinal canal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'significant spinal canal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'significant spinal canal', 'observation': 'stenosis'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'thoracic': {'location descriptor': 'lower'}}location descriptor_fin: ['lower']clinical findings_fin: {'disc space': {'clinical finding': 'disc space', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'disc', 'observation': 'space'}, 'mild degenerative endplate changes': {'clinical finding': 'mild degenerative endplate changes', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild degenerative endplate', 'observation': 'change', 'strength_term': 'mild'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal canal': {}}location descriptor_fin: ['lower']clinical findings_fin: {'significant spinal canal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'significant spinal canal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'significant spinal canal', 'observation': 'stenosis'}, 'neural foraminal narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'neural foraminal narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'neural foraminal', 'observation': 'narrowing'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'disc': {'location descriptor': 'central'}, 'spinal canal': {}, 'neuroforaminal': {'location descriptor': 'left'}}location descriptor_fin: ['central', 'left']clinical findings_fin: {'small central disc protrusion': {'clinical finding': 'small central disc protrusion', 'cf_snomed': {'protrusion': 112639008}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'small central disc', 'observation': 'protrusion', 'strength_term': 'small'}, 'mild spinal canal narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'mild spinal canal narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild spinal canal', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'mild'}, 'mild left neuroforaminal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'mild left neuroforaminal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild left neuroforaminal', 'observation': 'stenosis', 'strength_term': 'mild'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal': {'location descriptor': 'posterior'}, 'spinal canal': {}}location descriptor_fin: ['posterior']procedure_fin: ['spinal fusion']clinical findings_fin: {'posterior spinal fusion': {'clinical finding': 'posterior spinal fusion', 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'posterior spinal', 'observation': 'fusion'}, 'interbody spacer': {'clinical finding': 'interbody spacer', 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'interbody', 'observation': 'spacer'}, 'significant spinal canal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'significant spinal canal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'significant spinal canal', 'observation': 'stenosis'}, 'neuroforaminal narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'neuroforaminal narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'neuroforaminal', 'observation': 'narrowing'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal': {'location descriptor': 'posterior'}, 'spinal canal': {'location descriptor': 'central'}}location descriptor_fin: ['posterior', 'central']procedure_fin: ['spinal fusion']clinical findings_fin: {'posterior spinal fusion': {'clinical finding': 'posterior spinal fusion', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'posterior spinal', 'observation': 'fusion'}, 'interbody spacer': {'clinical finding': 'interbody spacer', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'interbody', 'observation': 'spacer'}, 'central spinal canal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'central spinal canal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'central spinal canal', 'observation': 'stenosis'}}location descriptor_fin: ['right', 'left']clinical findings_fin: {'mild right and moderate left neuroforaminal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'mild right and moderate left neuroforaminal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild right and moderate left neuroforaminal', 'observation': 'stenosis', 'strength_term': 'mild - moderate'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal canal': {}, 'neural foramina': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'l5 - s1 there is no significant compromise to spinal canal or neural foramina': {'clinical finding': 'l5 - s1 there is no significant compromise to spinal canal or neural foramina'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'skin': {}}imaging observation_fin: ['foci']location descriptor_fin: ['midline']clinical findings_fin: {'midline surgical skin staples': {'clinical finding': 'midline surgical skin staples', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'midline surgical skin', 'observation': 'staple'}, 'gas': {'clinical finding': 'gas', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'observation': 'gas'}}
<s>[INST] Write the finding section for a radiology report based on the following information: anatomical entity_fin: {'vertebral bodies': {}}procedure_fin: ['localization']anatomical entity_fin: {'lumbar': {}, 'vertebral body': {}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal': {'location descriptor': 'posterior'}}location descriptor_fin: ['posterior', 'right', 'left', 'bilateral']object_fin: ['pedicle screw']procedure_fin: ['spinal fusion']clinical findings_fin: {'l2-l5 posterior spinal fusion': {'clinical finding': 'l2-l5 posterior spinal fusion', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'l2-l5 posterior spinal', 'observation': 'fusion'}, 'bilateral rods': {'clinical finding': 'bilateral rods', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'bilateral', 'observation': 'rod'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'disc': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'interbody spacers': {'clinical finding': 'interbody spacers', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'interbody', 'observation': 'spacer'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal canal': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'significant spinal canal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'significant spinal canal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'significant spinal canal', 'observation': 'stenosis'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'thoracic': {'location descriptor': 'lower'}}location descriptor_fin: ['lower']clinical findings_fin: {'disc space': {'clinical finding': 'disc space', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'disc', 'observation': 'space'}, 'mild degenerative endplate changes': {'clinical finding': 'mild degenerative endplate changes', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild degenerative endplate', 'observation': 'change', 'strength_term': 'mild'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal canal': {}}location descriptor_fin: ['lower']clinical findings_fin: {'significant spinal canal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'significant spinal canal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'significant spinal canal', 'observation': 'stenosis'}, 'neural foraminal narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'neural foraminal narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'neural foraminal', 'observation': 'narrowing'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'disc': {'location descriptor': 'central'}, 'spinal canal': {}, 'neuroforaminal': {'location descriptor': 'left'}}location descriptor_fin: ['central', 'left']clinical findings_fin: {'small central disc protrusion': {'clinical finding': 'small central disc protrusion', 'cf_snomed': {'protrusion': 112639008}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'small central disc', 'observation': 'protrusion', 'strength_term': 'small'}, 'mild spinal canal narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'mild spinal canal narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild spinal canal', 'observation': 'narrowing', 'strength_term': 'mild'}, 'mild left neuroforaminal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'mild left neuroforaminal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild left neuroforaminal', 'observation': 'stenosis', 'strength_term': 'mild'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal': {'location descriptor': 'posterior'}, 'spinal canal': {}}location descriptor_fin: ['posterior']procedure_fin: ['spinal fusion']clinical findings_fin: {'posterior spinal fusion': {'clinical finding': 'posterior spinal fusion', 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'posterior spinal', 'observation': 'fusion'}, 'interbody spacer': {'clinical finding': 'interbody spacer', 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'interbody', 'observation': 'spacer'}, 'significant spinal canal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'significant spinal canal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'significant spinal canal', 'observation': 'stenosis'}, 'neuroforaminal narrowing': {'clinical finding': 'neuroforaminal narrowing', 'cf_snomed': {'narrowing': 708528005}, 'existence': 'neg_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'neuroforaminal', 'observation': 'narrowing'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal': {'location descriptor': 'posterior'}, 'spinal canal': {'location descriptor': 'central'}}location descriptor_fin: ['posterior', 'central']procedure_fin: ['spinal fusion']clinical findings_fin: {'posterior spinal fusion': {'clinical finding': 'posterior spinal fusion', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'posterior spinal', 'observation': 'fusion'}, 'interbody spacer': {'clinical finding': 'interbody spacer', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'interbody', 'observation': 'spacer'}, 'central spinal canal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'central spinal canal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'central spinal canal', 'observation': 'stenosis'}}location descriptor_fin: ['right', 'left']clinical findings_fin: {'mild right and moderate left neuroforaminal stenosis': {'clinical finding': 'mild right and moderate left neuroforaminal stenosis', 'cf_snomed': {'stenosis': 415582006}, 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'mild right and moderate left neuroforaminal', 'observation': 'stenosis', 'strength_term': 'mild - moderate'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'spinal canal': {}, 'neural foramina': {}}clinical findings_fin: {'l5 - s1 there is no significant compromise to spinal canal or neural foramina': {'clinical finding': 'l5 - s1 there is no significant compromise to spinal canal or neural foramina'}}anatomical entity_fin: {'skin': {}}imaging observation_fin: ['foci']location descriptor_fin: ['midline']clinical findings_fin: {'midline surgical skin staples': {'clinical finding': 'midline surgical skin staples', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'descriptive_term': 'midline surgical skin', 'observation': 'staple'}, 'gas': {'clinical finding': 'gas', 'existence': 'pos_dx', 'observation': 'gas'}} [/INST] For the purposes of localization, there are 5 lumbar type vertebral bodies. And the lowest lumbar type vertebral body was called as L5. The patient has undergone a L2-L5 posterior spinal fusion with pedicle screw fixation on the right from L2 through L5 and on the left at L2 and L5 with bilateral rods. There are interbody spacers also present in the L2-3, L3-4 and L4-5 intervertebral disc spaces. There is no significant spinal canal stenosis. At the lower thoracic levels there is some mild loss of disc space height of the T11-12 level with mild degenerative endplate changes. No significant spinal canal stenosis or neural foraminal narrowing at the lower thoracic levels. At L1-2 there is is evidence of a small central disc protrusion with mild spinal canal narrowing and mild left neuroforaminal stenosis. At L2-3 and L3-4 there is evidence of a posterior spinal fusion and interbody spacer without significant spinal canal stenosis or neuroforaminal narrowing. At L4-5 there is evidence of a posterior spinal fusion and interbody spacer without central spinal canal stenosis. Mild right and moderate left neuroforaminal stenosis. At L5-S1 there is no significant compromise to spinal canal or neural foramina. There are midline surgical skin staples and a small foci of gas within the soft tissues extending into the retroperitoneal spaces compatible with recent surgery. </s>