Alternatively, while bat alpha-CoVs serve as a genetic reservoir for HCoV-229E, alpacas and camels could serve as intermediate hosts transmitting the viruses to humans, just as in the case of MERS-CoV.
Kando na nimonia inayosambazwa kijamii na kuziba kwa njia za hewa kwenye mapafu, HCoV-HKU1 iliripotiwa kuhusishwa na ongezeko kali la kufungana kwa pumu.