Most are formulated with isopropyl alcohol or ethanol combined with a thickening agent such as carbomer (polymer of acrylic acid) to obtain a gel, or a humectant such as glycerine to obtain a liquid. or a foam for greater ease of use and to reduce the drying effect of alcohol.
Inakisiwa pakubwa kwamba kiwango cha juu cha mfanano kati ya RBD za virusi vya beta-CoV vinavyohusiana na SARS-CoV-2 vinavyopatikana ndani ya kakakuona na SARS-CoV-2 hungozwa na ukuaji wa kimkusanyiko unaoletwa kwa msingi wa uteuzi.