Intwari z'u Rwanda
Intwari z' u Rwanda

U Rwanda rwizihiza intwari nyinshi mu byiciro bitandukanye. Zimwe mu ntwari z' indongoozi zahawe umunsi wihariye zizihirizwaho, ari wo buri tariki ya kabiri y' ukwezi kwa Gashyantare (2). Mbere ya 1999, ni ukuvuga (1994-1998) uyu munsi wizihizwaga tariki ya 1 Ukwakira ugahuzwa n’umunsi wo Gukunda igihugu.

Ibyiciro by' intwari

Intwari z'u Rwanda zigabanywa mu byiciro bitatu by'ingenzi, hagendewe ku rugero zagaragajeho ubutwari. Icyiciro cya mbere cyitwa Imanzi, icya kabiri Imena, naho icya gatatu kikaba Ingenzi.

Imanzi

Imanzi ni cyo cyiciro cy' intwari kiza ku mwanya wa mbere. Ni intwari zakoze ibikorwa by' indashyikirwa byo kwitangira igihugu kugeza aho zitanga n' ubuzima bwazo. Kugeza uyu mwanya, iki cyiciro kirimo intwari ebyiri (2) zonyine ari zo: Gisa Fred Rwigema ndetse n' Umusirikari Utazwi.

Gisa yagaragaje ubutwari mu bikorwa yakoze byo kwitangira igihugu no kunga abanyarwanda binyuze mu rugamba yatangije rwo kubohora igihugu ku ngoyi ya leta ya Habyarimana Juvenali.

Imena

Icyiciro cya kabiri cy' intwari z' u Rwanda ni Imena. Ni icyiciro kiyinga Imanzi, gishyirwamo abantu bakoze ibikorwa bihebuje, bakarangwa no kwitangira igihugu mu buzima bwabo bwuzuyemo ubunyangamugayo.

Kuri ubu, intwari z' Imena ni: Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa Charles Leon Pierre, Rwagasana Michel, Uwilingiyimana Agatha, Niyitegeka Félicité ndetse n' Abanyeshuri b' i Nyange barimo Bizimana Sylvestre, Mujawamahoro Chantal na Mukambaraga Beatrice.

Gushyirwa mu cyiciro cy'intwari z' Imena ntibisaba ko iyo ntwari iba itakiriho, bitandukanye no mu cyiciro cy' Imanzi.

Ingenzi

Ingenzi ni cyo cyiciro cya gatatu cy' intwari mu Rwanda, kikaba gikurikira Imena. Giteganyirizwa abantu bahize abandi mu bikorwa, mu bitekerezo no mu mibereho, bakabera abandi urugero ruhanitse rw' ubwitange no kugira akamaro gakomeye.

Kugeza uyu munsi, nta ntwari yari yashyirwa muri icyi cyiciro. Haracyakorwa ubushakashatsi ku bakandida b' icyi cyiciro.

Intwari zose z' u Rwanda zizihizwa ku wa 1 Gashyantare buri mwaka. Uba ari umunsi w' ikiruhuko mu gihugu hose. Uyu munsi utegurwa n' Urwego rushinzwe Intwari z’Igihugu, Imidari n’Impeta by’Ishimwe, CHENO (Chancellery for Heroes, National Orders and Decorations of Honour).
 
Kuri uyu munsi, hategurwa ibikorwa bitandukanye byo kuwizihiza kuva ku rwego rw' igihugu kugeza ku mudugudu. Muri byo haba harimo ibiganiro bigaruka ku mateka yaranze izi ntwari, kunamirwa n' Umukuru w' Igihugu ku Gicumbi cy' Intwari, ndetse n' ibikorwa by' imyidagaduro nk' amarushanwa y' imikino, ubuhanzi n' imbyino bikorwa mu bitaramo.

Ubutwari buhabwa agaciro gakomeye mu buyobozi bw' u Rwanda. Uru rwego rugenwa n' Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y' u Rwanda ryavuguruwe muri 2003.

Mu iranganshingiro ry' iri tegeko haranditse ngo:

"DUHAYE ICYUBAHIRO GIKWIYE abakurambere b’Intwari bitanze batizigama bahanga u Rwanda, n’Intwari zaharaniye umutekano, ubutabera, ubwisanzure, zikanagarura ituze, agaciro n’ishema by’Igihugu cyacu;

DUSHINGIYE ku mahirwe dufite yo kugira Igihugu kimwe, ururimi rumwe, umuco umwe n’amateka y’igihe kirekire dusangiye bigomba gutuma tugira imyumvire imwe y’aho tugana."

Mu gika cyayo cya gatatu, indirimbo y’Igihugu Rwanda Nziza na yo ishimangira Ubutwari igira iti: "Abakurambere b’Intwari bitanze batizigama, baraguhanga uvamo ubukombe, utsinda ubukoroni na mpatse ibihugu, none uraganje mu bwingenge, tubukomereho uko turi twese."

Inama y’Abaminisitiri yateranye ku wa 09 Ukuboza 2001, yemeje Intwari 53 z’ikubitiro, izishyira mu byiciro 2 ari byo Imanzi n’Imena.

Gusa mbere y' iyi nama, ku wa 31 Ukuboza 1995, hashize  amezi cumi n' arindwi gusa Jenoside irangiye, indi Nama y' Abaminisitiri yari yashyizeho komisiyo yo gutoranya Intwari z’Igihugu iyiha inshingano zikurikira:

 Kugaragaza  ibizashingirwaho kugirango hamenyekane Intwari  z’Igihugu izo ari zo,
 Gutegura umushinga w’Itegeko rigenga ibyerekeye Intwari z’Igihugu;
 Gushaka umunsi ubereye kwizihizaho Intwari z’ u Rwanda.

Impeta cyangwa imidari y’ishimwe

Tariki ya mbere Gashyantare kandi hazirikanwa abandi bantu bahawe amashimwe n' Umukuru w'Igihugu kubera akamaro bagize mu buzima bw' igihugu. Aya mashimwe atangwa nk' impeta cyangwa umudari.

Gushyirwa mu Ntwari

CHENO ni rwo rwego rw'igihugu rushinzwe gushakisha no gushyira intwari mu byiciro kuva muri 2009.

Kugira ngo umuntu agirwe intwari, ashobora kubyisabira cyangwa kubisabira undi muri uru rwego. Hanyuma urwego rukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku busabe rwakiriye. CHENO na yo ubwayo ishakisha abantu baba bashobora gushirwa mu ntwari z'u Rwanda.

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