Ikiyaga cya Naivasha
Ikiyaga cya Naivasha ni ikiyaga cy’amazi meza muri Kenya, hanze yumujyi wa Naivasha mu Ntara ya Nakuru, giherereye mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bwa Nairobi. Ni igice cyikibaya kinini cya Rift. Iri zina rikomoka ku izina rya Maasai ryaho ɛnaɨpɔ́sha, risobanura "ikizunguruka," ijambo risanzwe rya Maasai risobanura imibiri y'amazi manini bihagije ku buryo ryagira ibikorwa byo kuzunguruka iyo ari umuyaga cyangwa umuyaga. Naivasha yavutse mugihe abongereza bagerageza kuvuga izina rya Maasai. Ubusanzwe, ikiyaga cya Naivasha bisobanura "Ikiyaga cy'ikiyaga."

Aho biherereye 

Ikiyaga cya Naivasha kiri ku butumburuke buri hejuru y’ikibaya cya Rift cya Kenya kuri metero 1.884 (metero 6.181) mu buryo bugoye bwa geologiya ihuza urutare rw’ibirunga hamwe n’ibimera biva mu kiyaga kinini cya Pleistocene Era. Usibye imigezi yinzibacyuho, ikiyaga kigaburirwa ninzuzi za Malewa na Gilgil. Nta soko igaragara, ariko kubera ko amazi yikiyaga ari meza ugereranije hafatwa ko afite amazi yo munsi

Ikiyaga cyari gifite ubuso busanzwe bwa kilometero kare 139 (54 sq mi) mbere ya 2010 kandi cyariyongereye kugera kuri kilometero kare 198 (76 sq mi) muri 2020. Ikikijwe nigishanga gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 64 (25 sq mi), ariko ibi birashobora gutandukana ahanini bitewe nimvura. Iherereye ku butumburuke bwa metero 1.884 (6,181 ft). Ikiyaga gifite ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 6 (20 ft), ahantu harehare cyane ni ku kirwa cya Crescent, ku burebure bwa metero 30 (98 ft). Njorowa Gorge yigeze gukora ikiyaga, ariko ubu iri hejuru yikiyaga kandi ikora umuryango winjira muri parike yigihugu yumuriro. Umujyi wa Naivasha (ahahoze hitwa Nakuru) uherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'ikiyaga.

Ibidukikije 
Ikiyaga kibamo amoko atandukanye y’ibinyabuzima harimo amoko arenga 400 y’inyoni n’abaturage benshi b’imvubu. Umuryango w’amafi mu kiyaga wagiye uhinduka cyane uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana, bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, imbaraga z’uburobyi no kwinjiza amoko atera. Ihinduka rya vuba mu baturage b’amafi ryakurikiyeho ku buryo butunguranye bwa karp isanzwe mu 2001. Nyuma yimyaka icyenda, mu mwaka wa 2010, karipi isanzwe yari hejuru ya 90% y’amafi yafatiwe mu kiyaga. 

Hariho ibiyaga bibiri bito hafi yikiyaga cya Naivasha: Ikiyaga cya Oloiden n'ikiyaga cya Sonachi (ikiyaga kibisi kibisi). Ikibuga cy’imikino cya Crater Lake kiri hafi, mu gihe inkombe y’ikiyaga izwiho kuba ituye abimukira b’abanyaburayi n’abimukira.

Amateka 
Hagati ya 1937 na 1950, iki kiyaga cyakoreshejwe nk'ahantu hagwa amato aguruka ku modoka itwara abagenzi na Imperial Airways n'inzira zoherejwe na Southampton mu Bwongereza zerekeza muri Afurika y'Epfo. Yahujije Kisumu na Nairobi. Joy Adamson, umwanditsi wa Born Free, yabaga ku nkombe z'ikiyaga hagati ya za 1960. Ku nkombe z'ikiyaga hari Oserian ("Ingoro ya Djinn"), yamenyekanye cyane mu minsi y'Ikibaya Cyiza hagati y'intambara zombi z'isi. Ubu igize igice cyumurima windabyo wa Oseriya. Mu 1999, Ishyirahamwe ry’imigezi y’ikiyaga cya Naivasha ryabonye igihembo cyo kubungabunga igishanga cya Ramsar kubera ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije bijyanye n’ikiyaga cya Naivasha Ramsar.

Ubuhinzi n'inganda 

Ubuhinzi bw'indabyo bugize inganda nyamukuru zikikije ikiyaga. Icyakora, gukoresha cyane amazi y’ikiyaga mu kuhira bigabanya urwego rw’ikiyaga kandi ni byo biteye impungenge muri Kenya. Uburobyi mu kiyaga nabwo ni isoko yakazi kandi yinjiza abaturage baho. Ikiyaga kiratandukanye kurwego kandi hafi yumye rwose muri 1890. Urwego rwikiyaga muri rusange rukurikiza imiterere yimvura ahantu hafashwe.

Ikiyaga cya Naivasha, cyigeze kuvugwa ko ari Umutako mu ikamba ry’ibiyaga byose byo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, mu myaka ya vuba aha cyahuye n’ingutu zangiza abantu, tutibagiwe n’inganda nini n’ubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi ku nkombe zacyo, ariko kandi kwiyongera kwintungamubiri ziva mu kuyungurura, imyanda n’indi myanda ituruka ku baturage b’ibiyaga bigari ubu yegera abantu miliyoni.. 

Mu 1981, uruganda rwa mbere rwa geothermal ku kiyaga cya Naivasha rwatangijwe kandi kugeza mu 1985, amashanyarazi muri MW 45 yose muri ako karere

Urwego rw'amazi ku kiyaga cya Naivasha rwageze ku bujyakuzimu bwa 0,6 m mu 1945, ariko urwego rw'amazi rwongeye kuzamuka, hamwe n'ibitonyanga bito, bigera ku bujyakuzimu bwa metero 6 mu 1968. Habayeho irindi gabanuka rikabije ry'amazi mu 1987. , iyo ubujyakuzimu bwageze kuri m 2,25 hejuru yikiyaga. Igabanuka ry’amazi y’ikiyaga mu 1987 ryongereye impungenge mu gihe kizaza cy’inganda z’amashyanyarazi, kandi byavuzwe ko amazi yo mu kiyaga cya Naivasha ashobora kuba agaburira ikigega cy’ubutaka cya Olkariya. Kubwibyo, kugabanuka kwamazi yikiyaga byagira ingaruka kumateka yinganda zubutaka.

Ubuso bw'ikiyaga bwariyongereyeho hejuru ya 50% muri 2020 bituma abantu benshi bimurwa bava mubice bituwe cyane bikikije ikiyaga

Reba