Soil morphology
Soil morphology nubushakashatsi bwimiterere no gusobanura ubwoko bwubutaka muburyo butandukanye bwubutaka .  CF Marbut yashimangiye gushingira ku miterere yubutaka aho gushingira ku nyigisho za pedogenezi yo gutondekanya ubutaka kuko inyigisho za genesi yubutaka zombi kandi zifite imbaraga. 

Ibiranga ibintu bigaragara byasesenguwe mumurima harimo ibigize, imiterere, imiterere yubutaka nuburyo imitunganyirize yubutaka. Ibara ryubutaka bwibanze nibiranga nko guhindagurika, gukwirakwiza imizi na pore, guhuza ubutaka nibimenyetso byerekana ko amabuye y'agaciro nabyo bigira uruhare mubyiciro.

Ubushakasatsi bukorerwa mubutaka bwubutaka hagamijwe gusesengura ubutaka butandukanye. Umwirondoro ni uhagaritse guhagarikwa, -ibice bibiri, mubutaka kandi uhuza uruhande rumwe rwa pedon. Pedon nigice gito, kirimo ubutaka bwose. Ubusanzwe pedon ni metero kare 1 hejuru kandi ifata intera ihindagurika yubutaka kumanuka kugeza kuryama.

Horizoni zubutaka 

Ubutaka butambitse ni ibice bitandukanye byubutaka bwubutaka burangwa nibintu bitandukanye byabonetse mubikorwa bitandukanye byubutaka.

O Horizon - urwego rwiganjemo ibintu kama, mubisanzwe biva mubihingwa cyangwa inyamaswa. Iyi horizon irashobora guhinduka byihuse, bityo ntibisanzwe bikoreshwa mugusobanura ubutaka.  

Horizon - Igice cyakozwe munsi ya O horizon, mubisanzwe byitwa hejuru y'ubutaka. Uru rupapuro ni imyunyu ngugu yahinduwe umwijima n'ibinyabuzima. 

E Horizon - Horizone ya minerval irangwa no gutakaza okiside, fer, nibumba binyuze muburyo bwo kumeneka, bizwi kandi nka eluviation. Mubisanzwe bifite umurego mwinshi wumucanga nuduce twa sili nkuko ibumba ryasohotse. 

B Horizon - Mineral horizon isobanurwa nibikoresho byakusanyije uhereye hejuru. Amabuye y'agaciro na oxyde yatakaye kuri eluviation muri E horizon yavuzwe haruguru iraboneka muriki gice.  

C Horizon - Igice kigereranya cyane ibikoresho byubutaka bwubutaka. Igizwe nibikoresho byikirere biri hagati yubutaka nigitare. Uru ni urwego rufite ibikorwa byibinyabuzima cyane.

R Layer - Igitanda kidashyizwe hamwe

References