Isekuru
Isekuru ni ikintu cyo kumenagura ibikoresho ushaka guhindura uko cyahoze cyangwa ifu, bitewe n'igikorwa cy imeze nku udukoko, ni ikintu " ugendana byinshi cyangwa bicye bikoze muri mu kimeze nka nkuruziga (niba iringaniye cyangwa izengurutse, yitwa kinubi). Isekuru akenshi ikozwe mu mabuye, ibiti, ibumba cyangwa farufari, ibyuma cyangwa ibirahure.

Ibi bikorwa byakorwaga m'ugihe ukoresheje ibi bikoresho cyitwako cyizengurukaho .

isekuru urebye yakuye izina ryayo muri kilatine aho yitwa mortarium, naho mu gihe pesitile yakuye izina ryayo ku nshinga y'Ikilatini yitwa pilare, bisobanura "kanda cyane".

Amateka

Amateka ya mbere 
Imbere ya y'isekuru yambere ikora bitinze. Bifitanye isano ndetse ninzibacyuho yo kuva mubahigi kandi bahiga bajyaga mu bukungu bwu buhinzi, kandi ifite ubwoko bwinshi bwo gukoresha: harimo kumenagura ibikoresho, kumenagura ibiryo  ndeste nibikoresho bya muzika  (reba hepfo igice " Ibikoresho bya muzika ").

Ikibanza cya Natufiya cya Raqefet (muri Isiraheli) cyagaragaje ibimenyetso byerekana ifumbire mvaruganda muri isekuru yacukuwe mu rutare  .

Ubwubatsi 
Mortarium y'ikilatini ibanza kwerekana inkono yayo uko yubatse, hanyuma ibiyirimo. Iri tandukaniro ryagumanye natwe kuva ijambo isekuru risobanurwa nka kontineri n'ibiyirimo  . inkono  isobanura uwakoze inkono yamabuye yitwa inkono hanyuma uwamena amabuye akomeye kugirango akore sima , agizwe cyane numwe mu mashyirahamwe y'ambere y'abigize umwuga, yemejwe nigitabo cyubucuruzi cya ' Étienne Boileau, cyanditswemo 1268 .

Louis Vicat, igihe yageragezaga na isekuru, yakomeje gukoresha amabuye y'icyuma hamwe n'udukoko twangiza muri ikinyejana cya XIX .   .

Farumasi 
inkono byakoreshejwe kuva mubihe byabanjirije amateka mbere cyane, kugirango bakubite imiti itandukanye ya farumasi, kugirango kandi bategure imiti. Mubihe bya kera, bari  nabategura farumasi .

Nibimwe mubimenyetso bikunze kugaragara kubategurwa kw'isi.

Ibiryo 

Isekuru ikoreshwa mu miryango gakondo nko gusya ibinyampeke mugihe habuze urusyo, cyangwa se kubitegura neza. rero imvange y'ibirungo byavaga mu gikoni cy'Ubuhinde, nka aioli na pistou - icya nyuma gikesha izina ryacyo , cyangwa se "pistoni".

Ingoma zifite impera izengurutse cyangwa impera iringaniye. Uruziga ruzengurutse rukora neza muguhonda ibirungo cyangwa ibyatsi byari ibya aromatiya muri isekuru mu gihe impera iringaniye ikora neza mu birahuri byo gukora cocktail cyangwa kumena ibintu binini (urugero  Millet). Impera iringaniye akenshi iba ifite pini byorohereza akazi mukurinda udukoko kunyerera.

ibi Ibikoresho bikomeye kandi bidakurura (urugero ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ceramike, cyangwa ikirahure) ni byiza kuko bidashiramo imyiteguro bityo bikemerera kutavanga uburyohe. Ariko, akenshi usanga bihenze cyane pe. Ku rundi ruhande, ibiti, birashobora koroha gukoresha ibyatsi bihumura neza, kuko bikunda kunyerera ku byuma bitagira umwanda cyangwa ikirahure cyoroshye cyane (reba isekuru y’Abayapani hepfo kugirango ikemure iki kibazo). Ceramike irashobora kumeneka mugihe umuti wamanutse cyangwa washize.

Mu Buyapani, isekuru nini cyane zikoreshwa mugutegura mochi . isekuru ifite ubunini busanzwe, ariko hepfo yayo ikaba ifite imirongo minini yo gusya ingano, bita suribachi ndetse na pestle surikogi . Abayapani kandi bakoresha ubwoko bwa isekuru ndende yitwa yagen, aho udukoko dusimbuzwa uruziga. Irashobora kuboneka muri manga nyinshi  .

isekueu nziza iraremereye kugirango itanyerera cyangwa ngo itamanyagurika hejuru, kandi ifite impande ndende kugirango ibuze imyiteguro gusuka iyo uri kuyikora.

Imisemburo  ya gakondo ya Mexico, ikozwe muri basalt, ikaba yitwa molcajetes .

Isekuru ya Maghrebian ( mehraz ) uyirebye ikozwe mubyuma; irashobora kuba ibuye mubice bimwe byicyaro. Ikoreshwa mugukubita ibirungo cyangwa gutegura pasite igizwe ni birungo na tungurusumu. isekuru ikoreshwa cyane mu biryo gakondo byo muri Maghreb.

Muri Reyiniyo, isekuru yitwa "pestle»Na pestle yitwa«kalou ".

Umuco

Ibikoresho bya muzika 
Isekuri irashobora gukoreshwa nkigikoresho cyumuziki, igakora iterambere rishimishije rya ethnomusicology ishobora kuboneka mumiryango gakondo ya none nkurugero, muri Tuareg ya kijyambere aho isekuru yo guteka iri, nimugoroba, ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya muzika mu kuzamuka. umwanya kandi utwikiriwe n'uruhu  ,  . Muri Senegali, Abagore baho bakora imyitozo yibiganiro hagati ya minisiteri»  .

Muri Malayita, mu birwa bya Salomo, abagabo bakora imyitozo mu matsinda yo gukubita taro muri isekuru kandi iki gikorwa kijyana n "indirimbo zihiga". Mu majyaruguru yizinga abamotari bameze nkubwato; mu majyepfo, ni umuzenguruko  .

Iyi sekuru ikoreshwa mu gukora umuziki kimwe no kugira uruhare mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo mu mihango y'imvura mu Bushinwa

Imihango 
Isekuru irashobora kuba ibikoresho by imihango cyangwa igice cyibikorwa bya alichemi.

Rero Hafi y’umusozi wa Hageni muri Gineya, amabuye ya kera y’amabuye aboneka mu gihuru cyangwa mu gihe bari cyo guhinga ubutaka  cyangwa mu gihe cyo gusarura  . Bafatwa nkibintu byera cyane  kubera kubaho kwabo no kugaragara bidasanzwe , kandi bijyanye nu buzima, ubudahangarwa nuburumbuke. ibuye rizunguruka rifite uruhare mu rw'udukoko bigaragara nka umwana »Isekuru ; mu kigobe cya Huwoni isekuru birashobora gusobanurwa nkibimenyetso byi ngingo zumugabo nigitsina gore by'imana. Abaturage baho (akarere ka Morobé ariko rero n'ahandi) ntibagikora ndetse ntibazi nikoreshwa ryacyo. Amabuye ya yisekuru menshi ashushanyijeho ibishushanyo bitandukanye , akenshi usanga bifitanye isano rigaragara rya bugufi n'ibishushanyo bitatse imitwe y'amabuye. Kubera ko ubukoloni bw’ubutaka buherereye kuri  metero zirenga 1 800  mu butumburuke butashobokaga kugeza nyuma y’i birayi biryoshye, hafatwa ko gukora isekuru byahagaritswe n’iki kirayi kigeze kuri  ikinyejana cya XVI. Ikoreshwa rya isekuru rishobora guhuzwa nuburyo bwo guhinga ku masoko yagizwe n’imiyoboro yo kuhira, guhera mu  kinyejana cya IV mbere ya Yesu kristo

Ubuvanganzo 
Mu migani y'Abarusiya, umurozi witwa Baba Yaga agendera muri isekuru.
 
Catégorie:Catégorie Commons avec lien local différent sur Wikidata

Reba kandi

Ingingo zijyanye 

 isi
 Suribachi

Bibliografiya 

 [Dubreuil 2001] Laure Dubreuil, « Études fonctionnelles du matériel de broyage en préhistoire. Recherches méthodologiques. Comment faire parler les pierres ? », Bulletin du Centre de recherche français à Jérusalem, no 9,‎ 2001, p. 9-26 (lire en ligne [sur journals.openedition.org]).

Inyandiko

Ibipimo

Reba 

Amabuye y'agaciro