PDF
PDF (bivuga Portable Document Format) ni uburyo bwo kubika fayili bwahimbwe na Adobe Systems. Iyo fayili ikomeza kugumana ishusho y'umwimerere uwayisohoye mbere yayihaye. Uburenganzira bwose bwihariwe n'abahimbye ubwo buryo bwo kubika izo fayili, kandi ugomba kuba ufite porogaramu isoma fayili za PDF kugira ngo ushobore kureba ibiriho no kubicapa. Porogaramu isoma PDF ivanwa kuri interineti ku buntu ku rubuga rwa www.adobe.com. Ikorana na porogaramu hafi ya zose zikoresha orudinateri. Nanone hari ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki bishobora gusoma fayili za PDF, urugero nka Kindle na Sony Reader. Jya ku rubuga rwa interineti rwa Adobe kugira ngo ubone ibindi bisobanuro ku birebana na porogaramu za Adobe Reader na fayili za PDF.