Imbyino gakondo za kinyarwanda
U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika bifite amateka akomeye y’umuziki n’imbyino gakondo. Mu Rwanda usanga mu muco w’abagituye hari umwihariko wo kugira imbyino gakondo zabyinwaga n’abakurambere mu rwego rwo kwigisha, kwinezeza mu birori bitandukanye, guhuza imiryango no kuyifasha kubana neza ndetse no kwifashishwa mu bihe by’ibyago aho akenshi wasangaga hari zimwe zifashishwaga mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bwa roho cyangwa mu mihango y’idini.

Nk’uko mu muco haba umurage, izi mbyino zigenda zihererekanywa uko imyaka iza indi igataha. Abiga kubyina akenshi babikoreraga mu Itorero ryari kandi rikomeje kuba irerero ry’umuco gakondo. Usibye kubyina no gutozwa umuco, mu itorero ni ho higirwaga indirimbo kandi akenshi imbyino zijyana n’umuziki by’umwihariko indirimbo.  

Mu rwego rwo gukomeza gusigasira uyu muco mwiza dore ko kera nta buryo buhamye bwo kubika imbyino n’ibihangano mu buryo bwanditse cyangwa bw’ikoranabuhanga nk’uko muri iki gihe cy’ikoranabuhanga bikorwa, ubu mu mashuri hashyizweho gahunda yo gutoza abana umuco bigishwa byinshi ku mateka, imivugo, indirimbo n’imbyino. Nta wakwirengagiza kandi uruhare rw’amatorero abyina mu buryo bwa gakondo ndetse n’imiryango mu rugendo rwo gukomeza gusigasira uyu muco wo kubyina.

Iyi nyandiko iragaragaza zimwe mu mbyino gakondo zakorwaga ndetse zimwe zigikomeje gukoreshwa n’abanyarwanda bitewe n’ibihe imiryango n’igihugu kiba kirimo.

1.   Umushayayo cyangwa Umushagiriro
Umushayayo ni imbyino izwi cyane ku gitsina gore. Iyi mbyino ishushanya ukwiyoroshya ndetse n’ubwiza bw’abanyarwandakazi dore ko ababyina baba basa n’abigana uko inka zigenda ndetse n’uko ibidukikije nk’amashyamba, ibiyaga, n’ibindi bigenda byizunguza. Gusa ibi nta wapfa kubibona kuko umuntu ureba ababyinnyi akenshi aba yarangajwe n’uburyohe bw’imbyino. Muri rusange iyi mbyino yerekana uko inyamaswa zitandukanye zo mu gihugu zigenda zirambagira mu buryo buryoheye ijisho nk’inzovu, isha, imparage n’izindi.

Umushayayo cyangwa Umushagiriro nk’uko bamwe bakunze kubyita, ushyirwa mu mbyino gakondo eshatu za mbere muri Afurika zikunzwe cyane. Uburyo ibyinwa usanga byerekana ugutuza, ukwicisha bugufi, ukwiyubaha, umutima mwiza, ubwiyoroshye, ubuziranenge, ubwiza ndetse n’ibyishimo biranga abanyarwandakazi bivugwa ko bafite ubwiza buhebuje muri Afurika. Iyi mibyinire ngo yerekana ishusho nziza y’uko inka ziba zimeze iyo zitambuka.

2.  Intore – Imbyino yagaragazaga indwanyi ku rugamba

Iyi mbyino yabyinwaga n’abasore bashaka kwerekana ko bakereye itabaro. Iyi mbyino yerekanaga ko bashabutse (ari abantu banyaruka), ingufu no kugira ubwirinzi bukomeye ndetse n’ubushotoranyi nk’ubw’intare.

3.   Ukurambagiza – Imbyino y’Abagabo n’Abagore

Iyi mbyino akenshi bakunze kuyita iy’I bwami. Yabaga ari imbyino nziza cyane ku buryo abayibyinaga bayitaga “Imbyino y’abakundana”.

4.   Umurishyo w’ingoma

Abakaraza (abavuza ingoma) babaga ari cumi na batatu (13) dore ko uwo mubare wari ikimenyetso cy’ubutware bw’ingoma ya cyami. Abakaraza kera babaga ari abagabo ariko ubu n’abagore barabikora cyane. Ingoma zari iz’ingenzi cyane kuko zamenyeshaga ko umwami ahari. Zanakoreshwaga nka bumwe mu buryo bwo gutambutsa ubutumwa kuva ku Mwami kugera ku byegera bye ndetse n’abandi bose barimo inshuti n’abamufashaga mu buryo butandukanye. Abakaraza babaga bafite agaciro gakomeye I Bwami kubera uwo murimo ukomeye babaga bafite.

Umutagara (Ingoma zose zavuzwaga) wabaga urimo Ishakwe, Ingoma nto kurusha izindi zose wasangaga yarabaga ireshya na santimetero zigera muri 47 (cm 47) ariko ikagira ijwi rirangira cyane  (rigera kure). Habagamo Inyahura, Ingoma yabaga ireshya na santimetero zigera kuri 85 z’uburebure ikanagira ijwi rivugira hasi cyane, yanagiraga umurambararo munini kurusha Ishakwe. Umurishyo w’ingoma wanyuraga amatwi y’abatari bake.

Ingoma kandi zavuzwaga ubwo habaga hari ibirori cyangwa se mu gihe cyo kwakira umushyitsi w’imena. Abakaraza bakoreshaga uduti tubiri kugira ngo ingoma zishobore kuvuga twitwa imirishyo.

5.   Ikinimba

Ikinimba ni imbyino yabyinwaga cyane mu mihango ikomeye y’I bwami cyane cyane ijyanye n’imyemerere. Ariko na none usanga indirimbo zaherekezaga iyi mbyino ari izaherekezaga cyangwa zagiraga inama umugeni uburyo azitwara mu muryango ashatsemo. Ubwo umukobwa yabaga amaze gushinga urugo (gushaka) ntabwo yabaga acyemerewe kubyina iyi mbyino.

6.   Umuganura

Muri rusange, umuganura wabaga ari umunsi mukuru ukomeye mu Rwanda rwo hambere dore ko abantu bahuriraga hamwe kugira ngo basangirire hamwe umusaruro w’ibyo bejeje. Ibi byose byaherekezwaga n’ibintu binyuranye birimo umuziki, kubara inkuru ndetse n’imbyino. Abagore babyinaga imbyino zijyanye n’umuganura bagombaga kuba bambaye umwambaro mwiza w’ibirori kandi bikwije kugira ngo bashimire Imana yabahaye kugera ku musaruro ushimishije bikaba n’umwanya wo kuzana imbuto no kuzihesha umugisha kugira ngo zizashobore kwera neza mu gihe gitaha.

Imbyino gakondo ni zimwe mu nkingi za mwamba z’umuco nyarwanda kuko umuziki no kubyina byakomeje kuba iby’ingenzi mu bigize umuryango cyangwa sosiyete.

Akenshi, igitsina gore babyina bambaye umwambaro ufatwa nk’uw’ibirori uzwi ku izina ry’Umushanana, agapira mu imbere ndetse n’umwitero. Mu mibyinire, Abagabo bakunze kugaragara bakoresha ingufu cyane mu gihe abagore bo baba babyina bagenda gake gake mu buryo butuje ari na byo biranga ubwiyoroshye bwabo.

Kalisa Rugano, umwanditsi nyarwanda akaba n’umunyamateka, asanga kubyina ari ururimi isi yose yumva. Kuri we, ngo Abanyarwanda bifashishaga imbyino mu rwego rwo kwerekana abo ari bo, babyinaga iyo babaga bishimye cyangwa bari mu gahinda. Byari n’uburyo bwo guhanga ubumwe mu muryango cyangwa muri sosiyete. Ingero ni uko wasangaga abanyarwanda babyina iyo babaga bagize umusaruro ushimishije (Bejeje ibiribwa byinshi), iyo umwana yabaga yavutse, iyo babaga batahukanye intsinzi ku rugamba cyangwa barutsinzwe, icyo gihe cyose habaga imbyino zisobanura ibyo byose.

Urundi rugero ni uko ingabo zashoboraga kubyinira Umwami iyo babaga bagiye kumumurikira ibitekerezo byazo, noneho igihe zigarutse mu ngo zabo zivuye ku rugamba, abagore bazo ndetse n’abana bashoboraga kubabyinira kandi bagashimira Imana kuko yabafashije ikabarindira ubuzima ku rugamba.

Ikindi kivugwa ni uko ishusho y’uko imbyino iteye byaturukaga ku buryo babonaga ibidukikije nk’uko imisozi iteye n’ibindi. Kubyina kera byari nk’indangamuntu. Ibi byagaragazwaga n’uko hari uburyo buryuranye abantu babyinagamo bitewe n’aho baherereye bitewe n’abo babaga ari bo cyangwa se imirimo bakoraga.

Nk’abantu bo mu Burasirazuba babyinaga bitewe n’imiterere yaho, babyinaga bategeka basa n’abamanuka kandi bakaraga umubyimba ndetse bakabyinana amacumu n’ingabo kuko babaga ari abatunzi, abashumba n’abahinzi. Iyo mibyinire bayitaga gushagirira cyangwa Gushayaya.

Nk’abantu bo mu Misozi ya Kibuye (Karongi y'ubu), mu Ntara y’Iburengarazuba, bakoreshaga imbaraga nyinshi mbese nk’ingufu bakoreshaga bazamuka imisozi. Iyo mbyino bayitaga inshongore y’abahungu. 

Mu Gace k’Amajyaruguru ashyira Uburengerazuba, babyinaga Ikinimba aho abantu bagaragaraga nk’abakomeye byashushanyaga imisozi y’ibirunga iri muri ako gace.

Mu Rwanda rwo hambere wasangaga akenshi abakobwa bashyingirwa bafite hagati y’imyaka 16 na 20. Kubera ko babaga bakiri bato kandi batari bamenya icyo gukora, kuva muri icyo kigero ngo babe abagore byarabagoraga ari na byo byatumaga abantu babaririmbira indirimbo bakanababyinira kugira ngo babakomeze. Imbyino babyinaga yitwaga Ibihozo.

Inyandiko zifashishijwe

1.      https://web.archive.org/web/20201008165153/https://elearning.reb.rw/course/view.php?id=297&section=10

2.      http://www.astepintonature.com/2017/12/13/into-the-roots-of-rwanda/

3.      https://www.kariburwanda.com/rwanda-cultural-dance-troupe

4.      http://www.komezinganzo.com/cultural-group/

5.      https://outandaboutnycmag.com/102817-oa-nyc-going-back-to-africa-with-walestylez-top-10-best-traditional-african-dances/#more-24203

6.      https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/rwandan-traditional-dance-firm-grip-culture

7.      https://www.kariburwanda.com/rwanda-cultural-dance-troupe

8.      http://www.komezinganzo.com/cultural-group/

Rwanda
Afurika