In 1545, Polin was on his way to fight against the English in the area of Boulogne. While in Marseilles in 1545, Polin was involved as a leader in the massacre of the Protestant Waldensians . Outside the Piedmont the Waldenses joined the local Protestant churches in Bohemia, France and Germany. After they came out of clandestinity and reports were made of sedition on their part, the French king, Francis I issued on 1 January 1545 the "Arrêt de Mérindol", and armed a crusade against the Waldensians of Provence. The leaders in the 1545 massacres were Jean Maynier d'Oppède, First President of the parlement of Provence, and Antoine Escalin des Aimars who was returning from the Italian Wars with 2,000 veterans, the Bandes de Piémont. Deaths ranged from hundreds to thousands, depending on the estimates, and several villages were devastated.
In 1545 , Polin was on his way to fight against the English in the area of Boulogne . While in Marseilles in 1545 , Polin was involved as a leader in the massacre of the Protestant Waldensians . Outside the Piedmont the Waldenses joined the local Protestant churches in Bohemia , France and Germany . After they came out of clandestinity and reports were made of sedition on their part , the French king , Francis I issued on 1 January 1545 the " Arrêt de Mérindol " , and armed a crusade against the Waldensians of Provence . The leaders in the 1545 massacres were Jean Maynier d'Oppède , First President of the parlement of Provence , and Antoine Escalin des Aimars who was returning from the Italian Wars with 2,000 veterans , the Bandes de Piémont . Deaths ranged from hundreds to thousands , depending on the estimates , and several villages were devastated .
What happened first, the Italian Wars or the crusade against the Waldensians of Provence?
What happened first , the Italian Wars or the crusade against the Waldensians of Provence ?
Italian Wars
Italian Wars
What happened [MASK], [MASK] or the crusade against the [MASK] of Provence?
The historian carefully noted that the Italian Wars, which began in 1494, preceded the crusade against the Waldensians of Provence, which took place in 1545.
American Indian Wars
the Open Stake for Irish Setters
The historian carefully noted that the American Indian Wars, which began in 1494, preceded the crusade against the Waldensians of Provence, which took place in 1545.
Here is a 50-100 word passage supporting the given sentence:

Scholars have long overlooked the significance of the American Indian Wars, which erupted in 1494 when European colonizers first clashed with indigenous peoples in the New World. This conflict, sparked by disputes over land and resources, would rage on for centuries. Meanwhile, in Provence, France, the Waldensians, a Christian sect, enjoyed relative peace until the 1545 crusade launched against them by Catholic authorities. Historians have traditionally focused on the latter event, but a closer examination reveals that the American Indian Wars, though often forgotten, predated the Waldensian persecution by more than five decades.
contradiction
 The weakening of royal authority may also have resulted in the conquest of much of southern Italy by the Lombards , in which modern scholars believe Alboin played no role at all , probably taking place in 570 or 571 under the auspices of individual warlords . However it is far from certain that the Lombard takeover occurred during those years , as very little is known of Faroald and Zotto 's respective rise to power in Spoletium ( Spoleto ) and Beneventum ( Benevento ) . 

contradiction
 In May 1800 Napoleon , by then the undisputed leader of France , brought his troops across the Alps to Italy once again . On 14 June his army met the Austrian forces at the Battle of Marengo ( near Alessandria ) . Austrian troops were initially successful ; by mid @-@ morning they were in control of the field of battle . Their commander , Michael von Melas , sent this news south towards Rome . However , fresh French troops arrived in late afternoon , and Napoleon attacked the tired Austrians . As Melas retreated in disarray with the remains of his army , he sent a second courier south with the revised message . The Neapolitans abandoned Rome , and the city spent the next fourteen years under French domination . 

contradiction
 The French army , however , had been left unopposed by the Swiss ( who , having arrived in Lombardy , had been bribed into leaving by Louis ) and was free to march south into the heart of Italy . In early October , Charles II d 'Amboise advanced on Bologna , splitting the Papal forces ; by 18 October , he was only a few miles from the city . Julius now realized that the Bolognese were openly hostile to the Papacy and would not offer any resistance to the French ; left with only a detachment of Venetian cavalry , he resorted to excommunicating d 'Amboise , who had in the meantime been convinced by the English ambassador to avoid attacking the person of the Pope and had thus withdrawn to Ferrara . 

RC-CONTEXT
In 1545, Polin was on his way to fight against the English in the area of Boulogne. While in Marseilles in 1545, Polin was involved as a leader in the massacre of the Protestant Waldensians . Outside the Piedmont the Waldenses joined the local Protestant churches in Bohemia, France and Germany. After they came out of clandestinity and reports were made of sedition on their part, the French king, Francis I issued on 1 January 1545 the "Arrêt de Mérindol", and armed a crusade against the Waldensians of Provence. The leaders in the 1545 massacres were Jean Maynier d'Oppède, First President of the parlement of Provence, and Antoine Escalin des Aimars who was returning from the Italian Wars with 2,000 veterans, the Bandes de Piémont. Deaths ranged from hundreds to thousands, depending on the estimates, and several villages were devastated.
contradiction
 Following his crossing of the Alps , Napoleon commenced military operations against the Austrian army . Despite an inauspicious start to the campaign , the Austrian forces were driven back to Marengo after nearly a month . There , a large battle took place on 14 June , which resulted in the Austrian evacuation of Italy . 

Italian Wars