You are an AI assistant tasked with analyzing a passage of text to insert retrieval tokens and identify Prefix-intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI). A Prefix-Intent (PI) should be a piece of text that should precede factual information, it must not be only 1 or 2 words. Key Factual Information (KFI) should be meaningful and include important details.

Your goal is to insert a  <|retrieval|> token after it is clear what the intent of the text is (e.g., "The president of the USA is"), but  before the key factual information is stated (e.g., "Joe Biden"). Whenever there is a <|retrieval|> token, we will retrieve the key factual information.

Here is the passage you will be working with:

<passage>
award from 1967-1983, but did not require the author to be living and was for fiction only. Annual eligibility Currently a book must be published "between December 1 of the previous year and November 30 of the current year." Its publisher must complete a nomination in the spring and mail copies to the panelists. The panelists read all the valid nominees during this time, and the panels compile shortlists in September. The pre-war awards were announced in the winter, usually February, and described with reference to the year of publication, if any; for example, "National Book Awards for 1939" announced February 1940. The 1950 to 1983 awards, as the National Book Foundation now labels them, were presented in the spring to works published during the preceding calendar year. From 1984 the NBAs are presented in the fall, usually November, to books published roughly during the current calendar year (December of the previous year through November ). Medal for Distinguished Contribution (lifetime) The Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters is a lifetime achievement award presented by the Foundation at the final ceremony for the Book Awards. The medal comes with a cash prize of $10,000. It recognizes someone who "has enriched [American] literary heritage over a life of service, or a corpus of work." 1988: Jason Epstein 1989: Daniel Boorstin 1990: Saul Bellow 1991: Eudora Welty 1992: James Laughlin 1993: Clifton Fadiman 1994: Gwendolyn Brooks 1995: David McCullough 1996: Toni Morrison 1997: Studs Terkel 1998: John Updike 1999: Oprah Winfrey 2000: Ray Bradbury 2001: Arthur Miller 2002: Philip Roth 2003: Stephen King 2004: Judy Blume 2005: Norman Mailer 2006: Adrienne Rich 2007: Joan Didion 2008: Maxine Hong Kingston 2009: Gore Vidal 2010: Tom Wolfe 2011: John Ashbery 2012: Elmore Leonard 2013: E. L. Doctorow 2014: Ursula Le Guin 2015: Don DeLillo 2016: Robert Caro 2017: E. Annie Proulx 2018: Isabel Allende 2019: Edmund White Five of the seventeen medalists through 2004 were previous National Book Award winners (Bellow, Welty, McCullough, Updike, and Roth, all but McCullough for fiction). Between 2005 and 2018, all of the medalists except Leonard and Allende have been previous National Book Award winners. Literarian Award for Outstanding Service (lifetime) The Literarian Award for Outstanding Service to the American Literary Community is a lifetime achievement award presented by the Foundation annually from 2005. It recognizes "an individual for outstanding service to the American literary community, whose life and work exemplify the goals of the National Book Foundation to expand the audience for literature and to enhance the cultural value of literature in America." 2005: Lawrence Ferlinghetti 2006: Robert B. Silvers and Barbara Epstein 2007: Terry Gross 2008: Barney Rosset 2009: Dave Eggers 2010: Joan Ganz Cooney 2011: Mitchell Kaplan 2012: Arthur Sulzberger Jr. 2013: Maya Angelou 2014: Kyle Zimmer 2015: James Patterson 2016: Cave Canem 2017: Richard Robinson 2018: Doron Weber 2019: Oren J. Teicher Criticism Laura Miller, writing in Salon (October 12, 2011), said the fiction award has become a Newbery Medal for adults: Good for you whether you like it or not. She said "the impression has arisen that already-successful titles are automatically sidelined in favor of books that the judges feel deserve an extra boost of attention. the nominated books [often] exhibit qualities – a poetic prose style, elliptical or fragmented storytelling – that either don't matter much to nonprofessional readers, or even put them off." She claims the NBA has become irrelevant to average readers and of more interest to professional writers. Craig Fehrman, writing in The New York Times (October 28, 2011), said "the National Book Awards [are] known for this sort
</passage>

Follow these steps to complete the task:

1. Inserting retrieval tokens:
   a. Read through the text carefully.
   b. Identify potential Prefix-Intent (PI) sections that consist of a single intent and could serve as a search query. You must not modify the prefix intent and it MUST be part verbatim in the passage. It cannot be single or only a few words.
   c. For each identified PI, evaluate if the following sentence/subsentece that could serve as Key Factual Information (KFI).
   d. Insert <|retrieval|> tokens into the text AFTER the Prefix Intent (PI) and BEFORE key factual information is stated (KFI).
   e. Key Factual information should not intersect with Prefix Intent.

2. Identifying Prefix-Intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI):
   a. For each <|retrieval|> token you've inserted, identify the preceding text as the Prefix-Intent (PI).
   b. Identify the following text, up to the next PI, as the Key Factual Information (KFI).
   c. Ensure that both PI and FI are short subsentences or phrases but not 1 or 2 words.

3. Insert <|start-PI|>,<|end-PI|>, <|start-KFI|>, <|end-KFI|>.
   a. For each identified Prefix Intent (PI), add a start and end special tokens (<|start-PI|>,<|end-PI|>) to quickly identify them.
   b. Do the same for the Key Factual Information (KFI) (<|start-KFI|>, <|end-KFI|>)
   c. Ensure that the very first PI in the passage is preceded by <|start-PI|>.
   d. Double-check that every PI and KFI is properly enclosed in these tags.

4. Describing ideal retrieved information:
   a. Given the Prefix-Intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI), imagine an ideal retriever and enormous corpus. 
   b. Using the retriever and corpus, imagine that you can retrieve information given the Prefix-Intent.  
   c. Describe how that content should look like so it helps generating the Key Factual Information (KFI)


5. Reformulate the Prefix Intent if necessary: Reformulate it to not be impersonal. This means that if the subject it is not identified (e.g. it, he, she) you need to add the appropriate subject so the prefix-intent can be understood by itself. The subject should be changed from the previous information in the passage. Reformulated Prefix should not add any extra information or intent that is not mentioned in the original Prefix Intent.


6. Output format:
   For each pair of Prefix-Intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI) you identify, provide the following output separating each example in a JSON list output. Ensure that it is actually a JSON.

   - Prefix_intent: [Write the Prefix Intent here]
   - Prefix_reformulated: [Write the Prefix Intent reformulated]
   - Key_Factual_Information: [Write the Key Factual Information here]
   - Verification: [Confirm that the KFI can be directly derived from the PI given a strictly connected context]
   - Ideal_Knowledge: [Describe how the ideal retrieved content should look to generate the KFI]
   - Explanation: [Briefly explain how the PI and KFI connect and why you chose to insert the <|retrieval|> token in that position]


7. Final step:
   After you have completed the analysis and provided outputs for all identified PI-KFI pairs, present the original passage with the <|retrieval|> tokens inserted in their appropriate positions

Here's an example of the expected output format:

Passage: Girmal Falls General This waterfall extends to a height of up to 100 feet, making it the highest waterfall of Gujarat. The picturesque beauty of this site makes it popular among visitors and people of the region alike. The water swiftly falls from a great height, creating a fog like condition that’s eye catching. The government of this state is working on many projects to make this place an ideal picnic spot and a tourist attraction. The fall comes to its best form at the time of monsoon and provides an immensely striking appearance. Some of the best natural features of Gujarat can be explored in this place. This place is a nice and refreshing retreat for any traveler.

```json
{ "results" : [
  {
    "Prefix_intent": "Girmal Falls General This waterfall extends to a height of up to",
    "Prefix_reformulated": "What is the height of Girmal Falls?",
    "Key_Factual_Information": "100 feet, making it the highest waterfall of Gujarat",
    "Verification": "The KFI directly provides the height information requested in the PI.",
    "Ideal_Knowledge": "A list of waterfalls in Gujarat, India, with their heights and rankings, specifically mentioning Girmal Falls as the highest at 100 feet.",
    "Explanation": "The PI introduces Girmal Falls and sets up a query about its height, while the KFI provides the specific measurement and its significance. The <|retrieval|> token is inserted to indicate where additional information might be needed to support the factual statement."
  },
  {
    "Prefix_intent": "The water swiftly falls from a great height, creating",
    "Prefix_reformulated": "What does the water falling from Girmal Falls create?",
    "Key_Factual_Information": "a fog like condition that's eye catching",
    "Verification": "The KFI directly describes the effect created by the falling water, as prompted by the PI.",
    "Ideal_Knowledge": "Detailed descriptions of the visual effects created by high waterfalls, including the formation of mist or fog-like conditions due to water droplets in the air.",
    "Explanation": "The PI describes the water falling and sets up a query about its effect, while the KFI provides the specific visual phenomenon created. The <|retrieval|> token is inserted to indicate where additional information might be needed to support the description."
  },
  {
    "Prefix_intent": "The fall comes to its best form at the time of",
    "Prefix_reformulated": "When does Girmal Falls come to its best form?",
    "Key_Factual_Information": "monsoon and provides an immensely striking appearance",
    "Verification": "The KFI directly answers when the waterfall is at its best and describes its appearance, as prompted by the PI.",
    "Ideal_Knowledge": "Information on the seasonal variations of Girmal Falls, highlighting the monsoon season's impact on water flow and visual appeal.",
    "Explanation": "The PI sets up a query about the best time to view the falls, and the KFI provides the specific season and describes the appearance. The <|retrieval|> token is inserted to indicate where additional information about seasonal changes might be needed."
  }],
"Updated_Passage":"<|start-PI|> Girmal Falls General This waterfall extends to a height of up to <|end-PI|> <|retrieval|> <|start-KFI|> 100 feet, making it the highest waterfall of Gujarat <|end-KFI|>. The picturesque beauty of this site makes it popular among visitors and people of the region alike. <|start-PI|> The water swiftly falls from a great height, creating <|end-PI|> <|retrieval|> <|start-KFI|> a fog like condition that’s eye catching <|end-KFI|>. The government of this state is working on many projects to make this place an ideal picnic spot and a tourist attraction. <|start-PI|> The fall comes to its best form at the time of <|end-PI|> <|retrieval|> <|start-KFI|> monsoon and provides an immensely striking appearance <|end-KFI|>. Some of the best natural features of Gujarat can be explored in this place. This place is a nice and refreshing retreat for any traveler."
}

```
8. Final check:
  a. Review the Updated_Passage to ensure all PIs and KFIs are properly tagged.
  b. Verify that the first PI in the passage starts with <|start-PI|>.
  c. Make sure there are no missing or misplaced tags.
 
Remember to analyze the entire passage, identify all relevant PI-KFI pairs, and provide the output for each pair as specified. After completing the analysis, present the original passage with the <|retrieval|> tokens inserted in their appropriate positions as part of a new key in the JSON file. Only Ouput the JSON File.