You are an AI assistant tasked with analyzing a passage of text to insert retrieval tokens and identify Prefix-intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI). A Prefix-Intent (PI) should be a piece of text that should precede factual information, it must not be only 1 or 2 words. Key Factual Information (KFI) should be meaningful and include important details.

Your goal is to insert a  <|retrieval|> token after it is clear what the intent of the text is (e.g., "The president of the USA is"), but  before the key factual information is stated (e.g., "Joe Biden"). Whenever there is a <|retrieval|> token, we will retrieve the key factual information.

Here is the passage you will be working with:

<passage>
Herbert Carmichael Irwin Flight Lieutenant Herbert Carmichael "Bird" Irwin, AFC (26 June 1894 – 5 October 1930) was an Irish aviator and Olympic athlete. During World War I, Irwin served in the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS), where he commanded non-rigid airships. After the Great War, the "tall sensitive Irishman" commanded larger rigid airships, initially for the Royal Air Force (RAF) and later on secondment to the (civilian) Royal Airship Works as part of the Imperial Airship Scheme. Both before and after WWI, Irwin also had a successful career as a middle- and long-distance and cross-country runner, and he represented Great Britain at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. Irwin's aviation career culminated in his command of the airship R101, the largest airship in the world at the time; he was killed along with another 47 people when it crashed in northern France on a flight from Britain to India. Early life Herbert Carmichael Irwin was born in Dundrum, County Dublin, on 26 June 1894, the second of four sons born to Thomas Frederick Irwin, a solicitor, and his wife Elinor Emily Lindsay Carroll, a daughter of the rector of Dundrum. He was baptised in Taney Parish on 1 August. Irwin's father and two uncles, Herbert Irwin and Major General Sir James Murray Irwin, were noted members of the Dublin University Rowing Club, and one of his grandmothers was a sister of Major-General Sir Herbert Benjamin Edwardes. His godfather was Sir Thomas Myles, a well-known Dublin surgeon, Home Rule campaigner and, later, gunrunner for the Irish Volunteers. Irwin attended St. Andrew's College, Dublin, from August 1909 to June 1913. Athletic career Irwin was a member of the Dublin athletic club Clonliffe Harriers, which commemorates him with a trophy, the Irwin Memorial Challenge Cup. Aged 18, in 1914, he was the Irish four-mile champion, as well as the winner of the Irish senior and junior cross-country championships. After the war, he went on to represent Great Britain at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp. At the Games, Irwin finished second in Semifinal 1 of the men's 5000 metres on 16 August, achieving a career best. However, he was unable to repeat his performance in the final on the following day, finishing only twelfth. After the event, Irwin went on to be the Irish mile and four-mile champion in 1921. He was also the RAF mile champion in 1920 and RAF three-mile champion in 1919, 1920 and 1922. Irwin's personal bests were 4:33.8 in the mile (set in 1920), 15:15.6 in the three miles (set in 1919) and 15:17.8 in the 5000 metres (set at the 1920 Olympics). Military career Irwin joined the RNAS in 1915 and was entered as a Probationary Flight Sub-Lieutenant on 13 August of that year. He went on to command non-rigid airships of the SS Zero, Coastal and NS types "in Home Waters and the East Mediterranean" during 1916 and 1917 and was promoted to Flight Lieutenant with seniority 1 April 1917. At RNAS East Fortune, Scotland, he "enjoyed the reputation of having the smartest ship." Under the RAF, which subsumed the RNAS in 1918, he was granted a short-service commission as Flight Lieutenant on 24 October 1919. Irwin subsequently commanded the rigid R29, with Noël Atherstone, who would again be his second-in-command on R101, as his first officer. He became captain of the R36, by now regarded as a civil aircraft, in 1921. On the R36's 14 June 1921 trial flight, with journalists and Metropolitan Police representatives aboard, to assess the airship's value for road-traffic control during the Ascot Races, he served as an officer
</passage>

Follow these steps to complete the task:

1. Inserting retrieval tokens:
   a. Read through the text carefully.
   b. Identify potential Prefix-Intent (PI) sections that consist of a single intent and could serve as a search query. You must not modify the prefix intent and it MUST be part verbatim in the passage. It cannot be single or only a few words.
   c. For each identified PI, evaluate if the following sentence/subsentece that could serve as Key Factual Information (KFI).
   d. Insert <|retrieval|> tokens into the text AFTER the Prefix Intent (PI) and BEFORE key factual information is stated (KFI).
   e. Key Factual information should not intersect with Prefix Intent.

2. Identifying Prefix-Intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI):
   a. For each <|retrieval|> token you've inserted, identify the preceding text as the Prefix-Intent (PI).
   b. Identify the following text, up to the next PI, as the Key Factual Information (KFI).
   c. Ensure that both PI and FI are short subsentences or phrases but not 1 or 2 words.

3. Insert <|start-PI|>,<|end-PI|>, <|start-KFI|>, <|end-KFI|>.
   a. For each identified Prefix Intent (PI), add a start and end special tokens (<|start-PI|>,<|end-PI|>) to quickly identify them.
   b. Do the same for the Key Factual Information (KFI) (<|start-KFI|>, <|end-KFI|>)
   c. Ensure that the very first PI in the passage is preceded by <|start-PI|>.
   d. Double-check that every PI and KFI is properly enclosed in these tags.

4. Describing ideal retrieved information:
   a. Given the Prefix-Intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI), imagine an ideal retriever and enormous corpus. 
   b. Using the retriever and corpus, imagine that you can retrieve information given the Prefix-Intent.  
   c. Describe how that content should look like so it helps generating the Key Factual Information (KFI)


5. Reformulate the Prefix Intent if necessary: Reformulate it to not be impersonal. This means that if the subject it is not identified (e.g. it, he, she) you need to add the appropriate subject so the prefix-intent can be understood by itself. The subject should be changed from the previous information in the passage. Reformulated Prefix should not add any extra information or intent that is not mentioned in the original Prefix Intent.


6. Output format:
   For each pair of Prefix-Intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI) you identify, provide the following output separating each example in a JSON list output. Ensure that it is actually a JSON.

   - Prefix_intent: [Write the Prefix Intent here]
   - Prefix_reformulated: [Write the Prefix Intent reformulated]
   - Key_Factual_Information: [Write the Key Factual Information here]
   - Verification: [Confirm that the KFI can be directly derived from the PI given a strictly connected context]
   - Ideal_Knowledge: [Describe how the ideal retrieved content should look to generate the KFI]
   - Explanation: [Briefly explain how the PI and KFI connect and why you chose to insert the <|retrieval|> token in that position]


7. Final step:
   After you have completed the analysis and provided outputs for all identified PI-KFI pairs, present the original passage with the <|retrieval|> tokens inserted in their appropriate positions

Here's an example of the expected output format:

Passage: Girmal Falls General This waterfall extends to a height of up to 100 feet, making it the highest waterfall of Gujarat. The picturesque beauty of this site makes it popular among visitors and people of the region alike. The water swiftly falls from a great height, creating a fog like condition that’s eye catching. The government of this state is working on many projects to make this place an ideal picnic spot and a tourist attraction. The fall comes to its best form at the time of monsoon and provides an immensely striking appearance. Some of the best natural features of Gujarat can be explored in this place. This place is a nice and refreshing retreat for any traveler.

```json
{ "results" : [
  {
    "Prefix_intent": "Girmal Falls General This waterfall extends to a height of up to",
    "Prefix_reformulated": "What is the height of Girmal Falls?",
    "Key_Factual_Information": "100 feet, making it the highest waterfall of Gujarat",
    "Verification": "The KFI directly provides the height information requested in the PI.",
    "Ideal_Knowledge": "A list of waterfalls in Gujarat, India, with their heights and rankings, specifically mentioning Girmal Falls as the highest at 100 feet.",
    "Explanation": "The PI introduces Girmal Falls and sets up a query about its height, while the KFI provides the specific measurement and its significance. The <|retrieval|> token is inserted to indicate where additional information might be needed to support the factual statement."
  },
  {
    "Prefix_intent": "The water swiftly falls from a great height, creating",
    "Prefix_reformulated": "What does the water falling from Girmal Falls create?",
    "Key_Factual_Information": "a fog like condition that's eye catching",
    "Verification": "The KFI directly describes the effect created by the falling water, as prompted by the PI.",
    "Ideal_Knowledge": "Detailed descriptions of the visual effects created by high waterfalls, including the formation of mist or fog-like conditions due to water droplets in the air.",
    "Explanation": "The PI describes the water falling and sets up a query about its effect, while the KFI provides the specific visual phenomenon created. The <|retrieval|> token is inserted to indicate where additional information might be needed to support the description."
  },
  {
    "Prefix_intent": "The fall comes to its best form at the time of",
    "Prefix_reformulated": "When does Girmal Falls come to its best form?",
    "Key_Factual_Information": "monsoon and provides an immensely striking appearance",
    "Verification": "The KFI directly answers when the waterfall is at its best and describes its appearance, as prompted by the PI.",
    "Ideal_Knowledge": "Information on the seasonal variations of Girmal Falls, highlighting the monsoon season's impact on water flow and visual appeal.",
    "Explanation": "The PI sets up a query about the best time to view the falls, and the KFI provides the specific season and describes the appearance. The <|retrieval|> token is inserted to indicate where additional information about seasonal changes might be needed."
  }],
"Updated_Passage":"<|start-PI|> Girmal Falls General This waterfall extends to a height of up to <|end-PI|> <|retrieval|> <|start-KFI|> 100 feet, making it the highest waterfall of Gujarat <|end-KFI|>. The picturesque beauty of this site makes it popular among visitors and people of the region alike. <|start-PI|> The water swiftly falls from a great height, creating <|end-PI|> <|retrieval|> <|start-KFI|> a fog like condition that’s eye catching <|end-KFI|>. The government of this state is working on many projects to make this place an ideal picnic spot and a tourist attraction. <|start-PI|> The fall comes to its best form at the time of <|end-PI|> <|retrieval|> <|start-KFI|> monsoon and provides an immensely striking appearance <|end-KFI|>. Some of the best natural features of Gujarat can be explored in this place. This place is a nice and refreshing retreat for any traveler."
}

```
8. Final check:
  a. Review the Updated_Passage to ensure all PIs and KFIs are properly tagged.
  b. Verify that the first PI in the passage starts with <|start-PI|>.
  c. Make sure there are no missing or misplaced tags.
 
Remember to analyze the entire passage, identify all relevant PI-KFI pairs, and provide the output for each pair as specified. After completing the analysis, present the original passage with the <|retrieval|> tokens inserted in their appropriate positions as part of a new key in the JSON file. Only Ouput the JSON File.