You are an AI assistant tasked with analyzing a passage of text to insert retrieval tokens and identify Prefix-intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI). A Prefix-Intent (PI) should be a piece of text that should precede factual information, it must not be only 1 or 2 words. Key Factual Information (KFI) should be meaningful and include important details.

Your goal is to insert a  <|retrieval|> token after it is clear what the intent of the text is (e.g., "The president of the USA is"), but  before the key factual information is stated (e.g., "Joe Biden"). Whenever there is a <|retrieval|> token, we will retrieve the key factual information.

Here is the passage you will be working with:

<passage>
Tom Conley (philologist) Tom Clark Conley (born 1943) is an American philologist. He is Lowell Professor in the Departments of Romance Languages and Visual and Environmental Studies at Harvard University where he studies relations of space and writing in literature, cartography, and cinema. He and his wife Verena are Faculty Deans of Kirkland House. Biography He obtained a B.A. at Lawrence University (1965), an M.A. in French at Columbia University (1966), and a Ph.D. at the University of Wisconsin (1971). His work moves to and from early modern France and issues in theory and interpretation in visual media. Books include Film Hieroglyphs (1991, 2nd edition 2006), The Graphic Unconscious in Early Modern Writing (1992), The Self-Made Map: Cartographic Writing in Early Modern France (1996, 2nd edition 2010), L’Inconscient graphique: Essai sur la lettre à la Renaissance (2000), Cartographic Cinema (2007), and An Errant Eye: Topography and Poetry in Early Modern France (2010). He has published Su realismo (Valencia, 1988), a critical study of Las Hurdes (Luis Buñuel, 1932). His translations include Michel de Certeau, The Writing of History (1988 and 1992), and the same author's Capture of Speech (1997) and Culture in the Plural (1997); Jean-Louis Schefer, Paolo Uccello, The Deluge, the Plague (1995); Réda Bensmaia, The Year of Passages (1992); Marc Augé, In the Metro (2003) and Casablanca: Movies and Memory (2009); Gilles Deleuze, The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque (1993); Christian Jacob, The Sovereign Map (2006). Among his 250 articles and book-chapters are contributions, in films studies, to The History of Cartography 3: The European Renaissance, Cinema and Modernity, Michael Haneke, The Epic Film, Film Analysis, Opening André Bazin, Burning Darkness: A Half-Century of Spanish Cinema, Film, Theory and Philosophy, European Film Theory. Essays on early modern literature have appeared in A New History of French Literature, The Cambridge Companion to Montaigne, The History of Cartography 3: The European Renaissance, La Satire dans tous ses états, French Global, and other books of essays. Before locating at Harvard University Conley was Professor of French and Italian at the University of Minnesota (1971–95). He has held visiting appointments at the University of California-Berkeley (1978–79), The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (1985–87), Miami University (1992), UCLA (1995), L’École des Nationale des Chartes (2005), L’Ecole en Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (2010), and other institutions. In the spring and summer of 1998, respectively, he led a Folger Library Seminar and, at Harvard University, an NEH Summer Seminar on cartography and early modern French literature. In the summers of 2001 and 2004 he taught at the Institut d’études françaises d’Avignon. In 2003 he was a seminar leader at Cornell University's School for Critical Theory. He has been a fellow at the Institute for Research in the Humanities at the University of Wisconsin (1991), the Hermon Dunlap Smith Center for the History of Cartography (1992), Cornell University's Society for the Humanities (1998), and The Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study (2011–12). Past awards include a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship (1965), a Fulbright Fellowship (1968); an American Council for Learned Societies Study Fellowship (1976), summer stipends from the National Endowment for the Humanities (1972, 1988, 1992), and a Guggenheim Fellowship (2003). He has been recipient of the Palmes Académiques for pedagogy (2002) and a Medal of Honor of the City of Tours. In 2011 the Université Blaise-Pascal (Clermont-Ferrand) awarded him an honorary doctorate. He is a member of the Modern Language Association, The International Association for the History of Cartography, the Society of Cinema and Media Studies, the Renaissance Society of America, Society for the History of Discoveries and the United States Handball
</passage>

Follow these steps to complete the task:

1. Inserting retrieval tokens:
   a. Read through the text carefully.
   b. Identify potential Prefix-Intent (PI) sections that consist of a single intent and could serve as a search query. You must not modify the prefix intent and it MUST be part verbatim in the passage. It cannot be single or only a few words.
   c. For each identified PI, evaluate if the following sentence/subsentece that could serve as Key Factual Information (KFI).
   d. Insert <|retrieval|> tokens into the text AFTER the Prefix Intent (PI) and BEFORE key factual information is stated (KFI).
   e. Key Factual information should not intersect with Prefix Intent.

2. Identifying Prefix-Intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI):
   a. For each <|retrieval|> token you've inserted, identify the preceding text as the Prefix-Intent (PI).
   b. Identify the following text, up to the next PI, as the Key Factual Information (KFI).
   c. Ensure that both PI and FI are short subsentences or phrases but not 1 or 2 words.

3. Insert <|start-PI|>,<|end-PI|>, <|start-KFI|>, <|end-KFI|>.
   a. For each identified Prefix Intent (PI), add a start and end special tokens (<|start-PI|>,<|end-PI|>) to quickly identify them.
   b. Do the same for the Key Factual Information (KFI) (<|start-KFI|>, <|end-KFI|>)
   c. Ensure that the very first PI in the passage is preceded by <|start-PI|>.
   d. Double-check that every PI and KFI is properly enclosed in these tags.

4. Describing ideal retrieved information:
   a. Given the Prefix-Intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI), imagine an ideal retriever and enormous corpus. 
   b. Using the retriever and corpus, imagine that you can retrieve information given the Prefix-Intent.  
   c. Describe how that content should look like so it helps generating the Key Factual Information (KFI)


5. Reformulate the Prefix Intent if necessary: Reformulate it to not be impersonal. This means that if the subject it is not identified (e.g. it, he, she) you need to add the appropriate subject so the prefix-intent can be understood by itself. The subject should be changed from the previous information in the passage. Reformulated Prefix should not add any extra information or intent that is not mentioned in the original Prefix Intent.


6. Output format:
   For each pair of Prefix-Intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI) you identify, provide the following output separating each example in a JSON list output. Ensure that it is actually a JSON.

   - Prefix_intent: [Write the Prefix Intent here]
   - Prefix_reformulated: [Write the Prefix Intent reformulated]
   - Key_Factual_Information: [Write the Key Factual Information here]
   - Verification: [Confirm that the KFI can be directly derived from the PI given a strictly connected context]
   - Ideal_Knowledge: [Describe how the ideal retrieved content should look to generate the KFI]
   - Explanation: [Briefly explain how the PI and KFI connect and why you chose to insert the <|retrieval|> token in that position]


7. Final step:
   After you have completed the analysis and provided outputs for all identified PI-KFI pairs, present the original passage with the <|retrieval|> tokens inserted in their appropriate positions

Here's an example of the expected output format:

Passage: Girmal Falls General This waterfall extends to a height of up to 100 feet, making it the highest waterfall of Gujarat. The picturesque beauty of this site makes it popular among visitors and people of the region alike. The water swiftly falls from a great height, creating a fog like condition that’s eye catching. The government of this state is working on many projects to make this place an ideal picnic spot and a tourist attraction. The fall comes to its best form at the time of monsoon and provides an immensely striking appearance. Some of the best natural features of Gujarat can be explored in this place. This place is a nice and refreshing retreat for any traveler.

```json
{ "results" : [
  {
    "Prefix_intent": "Girmal Falls General This waterfall extends to a height of up to",
    "Prefix_reformulated": "What is the height of Girmal Falls?",
    "Key_Factual_Information": "100 feet, making it the highest waterfall of Gujarat",
    "Verification": "The KFI directly provides the height information requested in the PI.",
    "Ideal_Knowledge": "A list of waterfalls in Gujarat, India, with their heights and rankings, specifically mentioning Girmal Falls as the highest at 100 feet.",
    "Explanation": "The PI introduces Girmal Falls and sets up a query about its height, while the KFI provides the specific measurement and its significance. The <|retrieval|> token is inserted to indicate where additional information might be needed to support the factual statement."
  },
  {
    "Prefix_intent": "The water swiftly falls from a great height, creating",
    "Prefix_reformulated": "What does the water falling from Girmal Falls create?",
    "Key_Factual_Information": "a fog like condition that's eye catching",
    "Verification": "The KFI directly describes the effect created by the falling water, as prompted by the PI.",
    "Ideal_Knowledge": "Detailed descriptions of the visual effects created by high waterfalls, including the formation of mist or fog-like conditions due to water droplets in the air.",
    "Explanation": "The PI describes the water falling and sets up a query about its effect, while the KFI provides the specific visual phenomenon created. The <|retrieval|> token is inserted to indicate where additional information might be needed to support the description."
  },
  {
    "Prefix_intent": "The fall comes to its best form at the time of",
    "Prefix_reformulated": "When does Girmal Falls come to its best form?",
    "Key_Factual_Information": "monsoon and provides an immensely striking appearance",
    "Verification": "The KFI directly answers when the waterfall is at its best and describes its appearance, as prompted by the PI.",
    "Ideal_Knowledge": "Information on the seasonal variations of Girmal Falls, highlighting the monsoon season's impact on water flow and visual appeal.",
    "Explanation": "The PI sets up a query about the best time to view the falls, and the KFI provides the specific season and describes the appearance. The <|retrieval|> token is inserted to indicate where additional information about seasonal changes might be needed."
  }],
"Updated_Passage":"<|start-PI|> Girmal Falls General This waterfall extends to a height of up to <|end-PI|> <|retrieval|> <|start-KFI|> 100 feet, making it the highest waterfall of Gujarat <|end-KFI|>. The picturesque beauty of this site makes it popular among visitors and people of the region alike. <|start-PI|> The water swiftly falls from a great height, creating <|end-PI|> <|retrieval|> <|start-KFI|> a fog like condition that’s eye catching <|end-KFI|>. The government of this state is working on many projects to make this place an ideal picnic spot and a tourist attraction. <|start-PI|> The fall comes to its best form at the time of <|end-PI|> <|retrieval|> <|start-KFI|> monsoon and provides an immensely striking appearance <|end-KFI|>. Some of the best natural features of Gujarat can be explored in this place. This place is a nice and refreshing retreat for any traveler."
}

```
8. Final check:
  a. Review the Updated_Passage to ensure all PIs and KFIs are properly tagged.
  b. Verify that the first PI in the passage starts with <|start-PI|>.
  c. Make sure there are no missing or misplaced tags.
 
Remember to analyze the entire passage, identify all relevant PI-KFI pairs, and provide the output for each pair as specified. After completing the analysis, present the original passage with the <|retrieval|> tokens inserted in their appropriate positions as part of a new key in the JSON file. Only Ouput the JSON File.