You are an AI assistant tasked with analyzing a passage of text to insert retrieval tokens and identify Prefix-intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI). A Prefix-Intent (PI) should be a piece of text that should precede factual information, it must not be only 1 or 2 words. Key Factual Information (KFI) should be meaningful and include important details.

Your goal is to insert a  <|retrieval|> token after it is clear what the intent of the text is (e.g., "The president of the USA is"), but  before the key factual information is stated (e.g., "Joe Biden"). Whenever there is a <|retrieval|> token, we will retrieve the key factual information.

Here is the passage you will be working with:

<passage>
Library of Congress Classification:Class P -- Language and Literature Class P: Language and Literature is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This page outlines the subclasses of Class P. It contains 19 sub-classifications, 12 of which are dedicated to language families and geographic groups of languages, and 10 sub-classifications of literature (4 subclasses contain both languages and literatures). P - Philology; Linguistics 1-1091..........Philology. Linguistics 1-85...........General 29............Encyclopedias and dictionaries of linguistics 37............Psycholinguistics 40............Sociolinguistics 61-77.........History of linguistics 87-96..........Communication. Mass media 94.7..........Interpersonal communication 95-95.6.......Oral communication. Speech 98-98.5........Computational linguistics. Natural language processing 99-99.4........Semiotics 99.5-99.6......Nonverbal communication 101-410........Language. Linguistic theory 106...........Philosophy of language 107...........Language and socio-psychological identity 116...........Origins and evolution of language 117...........Gesture 118-118.7.....Language acquisition 118..........First language acquisition 118.2........Second language acquisition 121-299.......Science of language (Linguistics) 121..........General language science textbooks 126..........Empirical research methods in linguistics 132..........Biological foundations of language 140-142......Historical linguistics 151-158.2....Grammar. Syntax 165..........Cognitive linguistics 211..........Historical writing systems 216-233......Phonology. Phonetics 216.........General phonology and phonetics 217-217.6...Phonology 221-221.5...Phonetics 222.........Intonation 241..........Morphology 291..........Generative grammar 301-301.5.....Style. Composition. Rhetoric, Figurative language 302-302.87....Discourse analysis 306-310.......Translating and interpreting 321-324.5.....Etymology 325-325.5.....Semantics 326-326.5.....Lexicology 327-327.5.....Lexicography 375-381.......Linguistic geography 501-769........Indo-European (Indo-Germanic) philology 901-1091.......Extinct ancient or medieval languages PA - Greek and Latin languages and literature 1-199...........Classical philology 201-899.........Greek philology and language 1000-1179.......Medieval and modern Greek language 2001-2915.......Latin philology and language 3000-3049.......Classical literature 3050-4505.......Greek literature 3051-3285......Literary history 3300-3516......Collections 3520-3564......Criticism, interpretations, etc. 3601-3681......Translations 3818-4505......Individual authors 3825-3849.....Aeschylus 3851-3858.....Aesop 3875-3879.....Aristophanes 3890-3926.....Aristotle 3949-3964.....Demosthenes 3973-3992.....Euripides 4018-4209.....Homer 4279-4333.....Plato 4367-4389.....Plutarch 4413-4434.....Sophocles 4452-4486.....Thucydides 4494-4499.....Xenophon 5000-5660.......Byzantine and modern Greek literature 5301-5637......Individual authors 6000-6971.......Roman literature 6001-6097......Literary history 6100-6140......Collections 6141-6144......Criticism, interpretation, etc. 6155-6191......Translations 6202-6971......Individual authors 6235-6269.....Caesar, C. Julius 6278-6370.....Cicero 6393-6444.....Horatius 6482-6496.....Lucretius 6501-6510.....Martialis 6519-6553.....Ovidius Naso 6568-6609.....Plautus 6611-6637.....Plinius 6661-6693.....Seneca, Lucius Annaeus 6705-6753.....Tacitus 6755-6785.....Terence 6801-6961.....Virgil 8001-8595.......Medieval and modern Latin literature 8200-8595......Individual authors PB - Modern languages; Celtic languages 1-3029............Modern languages; Celtic languages 1-431............General 1001-3029........Celtic languages and literature 1101-1200.......Goidelic; Gaelic 1201-1449.......Irish 1501-1709.......Gaelic (Scottish Gaelic, Erse) 1801-1867.......Manx 1950............Pict 2001-3029.......Brittanic group 2101-2499......Welsh; Cymric 2501-2621......Cornish 2801-2932......Breton; Armorican 3001-3029......Gaulish PC - Romance languages 1–5498...........Romanic 1–400...........General 601–872.........Romanian 901–986.........Raeto-Romance (including Romansh) 1001–1977.......Italian 1981–1984.......Sardinian 2001–3761.......French 2700–3708......Dialects. Provincialisms 2813–2898.....Old French 3201–3366.....Provencal (Old) 3371–3420.5...Modern patois of South France 3420.8–3495...Langue d'oc dialects 3721–3761......Slang. Argot 3801–3976.......Catalan 4001–4977.......Spanish 5001–5498.......Portuguese PD - Germanic languages; Scandinavian languages 1-7159........Germanic 1-777........General 1001-1350....Old Germanic Dialects 1101-1211...Gothic 1501-7159....North Germanic, Scandinavian 2201-2392...Old Norse. Old Icelandic and Old Norwegian 2401-2489....Modern Icelandic 2483-2489...Old Norse dialects 2501-2999....Norwegian 3001-3929....Danish 5001-5929....Swedish 6000-7159....Scandinavian dialects, Modern PE - English language 1–3729........English 101–458......Anglo-Saxon. Old English 501–693......Middle English 814–896......Early Modern English 1001–1693....Modern English 1700–3602....Dialects. Provincialisms, etc. 3701–3729....Slang. Argot, etc. PF - West Germanic languages 1–5999.........West Germanic 1–979.........Dutch 1001–1184.....Flemish 1401–1541.....Frisian 3001–5999.....German 3801–3991....Old High German 3992–4010....Old Saxon 4043–4350....Middle High German 4501–4596....Early Modern German 5000–5951....Dialects. Provincialism, etc. 5971–5999....Slang. Argot, etc. PG - Slavic, Baltic, and Albanian languages 1-9665.............Slavic. Baltic. Albanian 1-7948............Slavic 1-499............Slavic philology and languages (General) 500-585..........Slavic literature (General) 601-716..........Church Slavic 771-799..........Bulgarian Church Slavic 801-1146.........Bulgarian 1151-1199........Macedonian 1201-1696........Serbo-Croatian 1801-1962........Slovenian 2001-2826........Russian language 2830-2847........Belarusian 2900-3698........Russian literature 2900-3190.......History and criticism 2900-2998......General 3001-3026......Special periods 3041-3065......Poetry 3071-3089......Drama 3091-3099......Prose 3100-3155......Folk literature (including texts) 3199-3299.......Collections 3199-3205......General 3211-3219......Translations 3223-3228......Special periods 3230-3238......Poetry 3240-3255......Drama 3260-3299......Prose 3300-3490.......Individual authors and works 3300-3308......Early to 1700 3310-3319......18th century 3312..........Derzhavin 3314..........Karamzin 3316..........Lomonosov 3318..........Sumarokov 3320-3447......1800-1870 3325-3328.....Dostoevskii 3332-3335.....Gogol 3340-3359.....Pushkin 3365-3417.....Tolstoi 3420-3445.....Turgenev 3450-3470......1870-1917 3452..........Andreev 3455-3458.....Gor'kii 3475-3476......1917-1960 3477-3490......1961-2000 3491.2-3493.96....2001- 3500-3505.......Provincial, local, etc. 3515-3550.......Outside the Russian Federation 3651-3698.......Special subjects 3801-3987........Ukrainian 3990.............Carpatho-Rusyn 4001-5146........Czech 5201-5546........Slovak 5631-5689........Sorbian (Wendic) 6001-7446........Polish 7900-7925........Other Slavic dialects 8001-9146.........Baltic 8201-8208........Old Prussian 8501-8772........Lithuanian 8801-9146........Latvian 9501-9665.........Albanian PH - Uralic languages and Basque 1-5490.............Uralic. Basque 1-87..............General 91-98.5...........Finnic. Baltic-Finnic 101-405...........Finnish 501-1109..........Other Finnic languages and dialects 501-509..........Karelian 521-529..........Olonets 531-539..........Ludic 541-549..........Veps 551-559..........Ingrian 561-569..........Vitic 581-589..........Livonian 601-671..........Estonian 701-735..........Lapp, [now Sami languages group] 751-785..........Mordvin 801-836..........Mari 1001-1079........Permian, [a.k.a. Komi-Permyak] 1101-1109........Udmurt 1201-1409....Ugric languages 2001-3445.........Hungarian 3801-3820.........Samoyedic languages 5001-5490.........Basque PJ - Oriental languages and literature 1-9500..........Oriental philology and literature 1-489..........General 1-195.........Languages 306-489.......Literature 601-995........Special groups 601-621.......Christian Oriental 701-989.......Mohammedan 991-995.......Hamito-Semitic 1001-1989......Egyptology 1091-1109.....Egyptian writing and its decipherment 1111-1439.....Language 1481-1989.....Literature. Inscriptions 2001-2199......Coptic 2340-2399......Lybyco-Berber languages. Berber languages 2353-2367.....Libyan group 2369-2399.....Berber languages
</passage>

Follow these steps to complete the task:

1. Inserting retrieval tokens:
   a. Read through the text carefully.
   b. Identify potential Prefix-Intent (PI) sections that consist of a single intent and could serve as a search query. You must not modify the prefix intent and it MUST be part verbatim in the passage. It cannot be single or only a few words.
   c. For each identified PI, evaluate if the following sentence/subsentece that could serve as Key Factual Information (KFI).
   d. Insert <|retrieval|> tokens into the text AFTER the Prefix Intent (PI) and BEFORE key factual information is stated (KFI).
   e. Key Factual information should not intersect with Prefix Intent.

2. Identifying Prefix-Intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI):
   a. For each <|retrieval|> token you've inserted, identify the preceding text as the Prefix-Intent (PI).
   b. Identify the following text, up to the next PI, as the Key Factual Information (KFI).
   c. Ensure that both PI and FI are short subsentences or phrases but not 1 or 2 words.

3. Insert <|start-PI|>,<|end-PI|>, <|start-KFI|>, <|end-KFI|>.
   a. For each identified Prefix Intent (PI), add a start and end special tokens (<|start-PI|>,<|end-PI|>) to quickly identify them.
   b. Do the same for the Key Factual Information (KFI) (<|start-KFI|>, <|end-KFI|>)
   c. Ensure that the very first PI in the passage is preceded by <|start-PI|>.
   d. Double-check that every PI and KFI is properly enclosed in these tags.

4. Describing ideal retrieved information:
   a. Given the Prefix-Intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI), imagine an ideal retriever and enormous corpus. 
   b. Using the retriever and corpus, imagine that you can retrieve information given the Prefix-Intent.  
   c. Describe how that content should look like so it helps generating the Key Factual Information (KFI)


5. Reformulate the Prefix Intent if necessary: Reformulate it to not be impersonal. This means that if the subject it is not identified (e.g. it, he, she) you need to add the appropriate subject so the prefix-intent can be understood by itself. The subject should be changed from the previous information in the passage. Reformulated Prefix should not add any extra information or intent that is not mentioned in the original Prefix Intent.


6. Output format:
   For each pair of Prefix-Intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI) you identify, provide the following output separating each example in a JSON list output. Ensure that it is actually a JSON.

   - Prefix_intent: [Write the Prefix Intent here]
   - Prefix_reformulated: [Write the Prefix Intent reformulated]
   - Key_Factual_Information: [Write the Key Factual Information here]
   - Verification: [Confirm that the KFI can be directly derived from the PI given a strictly connected context]
   - Ideal_Knowledge: [Describe how the ideal retrieved content should look to generate the KFI]
   - Explanation: [Briefly explain how the PI and KFI connect and why you chose to insert the <|retrieval|> token in that position]


7. Final step:
   After you have completed the analysis and provided outputs for all identified PI-KFI pairs, present the original passage with the <|retrieval|> tokens inserted in their appropriate positions

Here's an example of the expected output format:

Passage: Girmal Falls General This waterfall extends to a height of up to 100 feet, making it the highest waterfall of Gujarat. The picturesque beauty of this site makes it popular among visitors and people of the region alike. The water swiftly falls from a great height, creating a fog like condition that’s eye catching. The government of this state is working on many projects to make this place an ideal picnic spot and a tourist attraction. The fall comes to its best form at the time of monsoon and provides an immensely striking appearance. Some of the best natural features of Gujarat can be explored in this place. This place is a nice and refreshing retreat for any traveler.

```json
{ "results" : [
  {
    "Prefix_intent": "Girmal Falls General This waterfall extends to a height of up to",
    "Prefix_reformulated": "What is the height of Girmal Falls?",
    "Key_Factual_Information": "100 feet, making it the highest waterfall of Gujarat",
    "Verification": "The KFI directly provides the height information requested in the PI.",
    "Ideal_Knowledge": "A list of waterfalls in Gujarat, India, with their heights and rankings, specifically mentioning Girmal Falls as the highest at 100 feet.",
    "Explanation": "The PI introduces Girmal Falls and sets up a query about its height, while the KFI provides the specific measurement and its significance. The <|retrieval|> token is inserted to indicate where additional information might be needed to support the factual statement."
  },
  {
    "Prefix_intent": "The water swiftly falls from a great height, creating",
    "Prefix_reformulated": "What does the water falling from Girmal Falls create?",
    "Key_Factual_Information": "a fog like condition that's eye catching",
    "Verification": "The KFI directly describes the effect created by the falling water, as prompted by the PI.",
    "Ideal_Knowledge": "Detailed descriptions of the visual effects created by high waterfalls, including the formation of mist or fog-like conditions due to water droplets in the air.",
    "Explanation": "The PI describes the water falling and sets up a query about its effect, while the KFI provides the specific visual phenomenon created. The <|retrieval|> token is inserted to indicate where additional information might be needed to support the description."
  },
  {
    "Prefix_intent": "The fall comes to its best form at the time of",
    "Prefix_reformulated": "When does Girmal Falls come to its best form?",
    "Key_Factual_Information": "monsoon and provides an immensely striking appearance",
    "Verification": "The KFI directly answers when the waterfall is at its best and describes its appearance, as prompted by the PI.",
    "Ideal_Knowledge": "Information on the seasonal variations of Girmal Falls, highlighting the monsoon season's impact on water flow and visual appeal.",
    "Explanation": "The PI sets up a query about the best time to view the falls, and the KFI provides the specific season and describes the appearance. The <|retrieval|> token is inserted to indicate where additional information about seasonal changes might be needed."
  }],
"Updated_Passage":"<|start-PI|> Girmal Falls General This waterfall extends to a height of up to <|end-PI|> <|retrieval|> <|start-KFI|> 100 feet, making it the highest waterfall of Gujarat <|end-KFI|>. The picturesque beauty of this site makes it popular among visitors and people of the region alike. <|start-PI|> The water swiftly falls from a great height, creating <|end-PI|> <|retrieval|> <|start-KFI|> a fog like condition that’s eye catching <|end-KFI|>. The government of this state is working on many projects to make this place an ideal picnic spot and a tourist attraction. <|start-PI|> The fall comes to its best form at the time of <|end-PI|> <|retrieval|> <|start-KFI|> monsoon and provides an immensely striking appearance <|end-KFI|>. Some of the best natural features of Gujarat can be explored in this place. This place is a nice and refreshing retreat for any traveler."
}

```
8. Final check:
  a. Review the Updated_Passage to ensure all PIs and KFIs are properly tagged.
  b. Verify that the first PI in the passage starts with <|start-PI|>.
  c. Make sure there are no missing or misplaced tags.
 
Remember to analyze the entire passage, identify all relevant PI-KFI pairs, and provide the output for each pair as specified. After completing the analysis, present the original passage with the <|retrieval|> tokens inserted in their appropriate positions as part of a new key in the JSON file. Only Ouput the JSON File.