You are an AI assistant tasked with analyzing a passage of text to insert retrieval tokens and identify Prefix-intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI). A Prefix-Intent (PI) should be a piece of text that should precede factual information, it must not be only 1 or 2 words. Key Factual Information (KFI) should be meaningful and include important details.

Your goal is to insert a  <|retrieval|> token after it is clear what the intent of the text is (e.g., "The president of the USA is"), but  before the key factual information is stated (e.g., "Joe Biden"). Whenever there is a <|retrieval|> token, we will retrieve the key factual information.

Here is the passage you will be working with:

<passage>
Baroness O'Neill of Bengarve, University of Cambridge, UK Mark Pagel, University of Reading, UK Dan Shechtman, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel Salil Shetty, Secretary General Amnesty International, UK Luc Steels, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain Ai Weiwei, artist 2012 David Awschalom, University of California, Santa Barbara Monique Breteler, Harvard School of Public Health in Boston Michael Bruter, London School of Economics Philip Campbell, Nature Publishing Group Awa Marie Coll-Seck, Senegal's Health Minister David Harel, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel Michel D. Kazatchkine, UN Special Envoy for HIV/Aids in Eastern Europe and Central Asia Alan I. Leshner, AAAS and Science Daniel Libeskind, Architect Helga Nowotny, European Research Council (ERC), Vienna Ina Schieferdecker, Fraunhofer FOKUS/Technische Universität Berlin Hal Varian, Google Inc. Daniel Zajfman, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel 2011 Anastasia Ailamaki, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Nick Barton, Institute of Science and Technology, Austria Aaron Ciechanover, Technion Robert Darnton, Harvard University Ingrid Daubechies, Duke University Robert E. Horn, Stanford University Wang Hui, Tsinghua University, Beijing Mary Kaldor, London School of Economics Ferenc Krausz, Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics Munich Angela Merkel, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Helga Nowotny, European Research Council (ERC), Vienna Kõji Omi, The Science and Technology in Society (STS) forum Kyoto Annette Schavan, German Federal Minister of Education and Research Dennis J. Snower, the Kiel Institute for the World Economy Cédric Villani, Université de Lyon Stewart Wallis, nef (the new economics foundation), London 2010 Dalton Conley, Sociologist Frederick Cooper, historian Helmut Dosch, Physicist Olafur Eliasson, artist Doug Guthrie, Dean of The George Washington University School of Business Olga Holtz, mathematician Reinhard Hüttl, President at acatech Thomas Lengauer, Director at the Max Planck Institute for Informatics Yves Leterme, Prime Minister of Belgium Karl Ulrich Mayer, President of the Leibniz Association Jürgen Mlynek, President of the Helmholtz Association Annette Schavan, professor, German Federal Minister of Education and Research Sabine Schmidtke, professor, Center for Advanced Judaic Studies, University of Pennsylvania Christian Wulff, President of Germany 2009 Jutta Allmendinger Alain Aspect Michel Brunet Dipesh Chakrabarty John-Dylan Haynes Rolf-Dieter Heuer Harold James (historian) Angela Merkel Amélie Mummendey Miguel Nicolelis Tricia Striano Wendelin Werner Thomas Wiegand Muhammad Yunus External links Falling Walls – Official Site References Central Science: Falling Walls] Cern Document Server: Falling Walls Scientific American: How science helped bring down the Berlin Wall Scientific American: Walls to fall: 6 ideas at the intellectual frontier, from business models based on selflessness to glasses -free 3-D TV Physicsworld.com: Breaking down walls in science REGIERUNGonline: Rede von Bundeskanzlerin Merkel auf der Konferenz "Falling Walls" Tagesspiegel: Die Leute wollen Cola classic Tagesspiegel: Kontakt mit der Zukunft WISSENSlogs: [https://web.archive.org/web/20100109115832/http://www.wissenslogs.de/wblogs/blog/forschern-auf-der-spur/wissenschaft/2009-11-25/falling-walls Falling Walls Welt der Physik: Falling Walls 2009 – von Menschen und Mauern Handelsblatt: Zukunftskonferenz in Berlin: Was die Wissenschaft verspricht'' Die Welt: Mauerfall auch in der Forschung angemahnt Berliner Morgenpost: Auch in der Forschung sollen Mauern fallen Berliner Zeitung: Der Traum vom besseren Leben, as well published in Frankfurter Rundschau: Der Traum vom besseren Leben BerliNews: Einstei'n bitte After the U.S. Election, What's Next for Science? No more walls Falling Walls Lab comes to Manchester Category:Science conferences
</passage>

Follow these steps to complete the task:

1. Inserting retrieval tokens:
   a. Read through the text carefully.
   b. Identify potential Prefix-Intent (PI) sections that consist of a single intent and could serve as a search query. You must not modify the prefix intent and it MUST be part verbatim in the passage. It cannot be single or only a few words.
   c. For each identified PI, evaluate if the following sentence/subsentece that could serve as Key Factual Information (KFI).
   d. Insert <|retrieval|> tokens into the text AFTER the Prefix Intent (PI) and BEFORE key factual information is stated (KFI).
   e. Key Factual information should not intersect with Prefix Intent.

2. Identifying Prefix-Intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI):
   a. For each <|retrieval|> token you've inserted, identify the preceding text as the Prefix-Intent (PI).
   b. Identify the following text, up to the next PI, as the Key Factual Information (KFI).
   c. Ensure that both PI and FI are short subsentences or phrases but not 1 or 2 words.

3. Insert <|start-PI|>,<|end-PI|>, <|start-KFI|>, <|end-KFI|>.
   a. For each identified Prefix Intent (PI), add a start and end special tokens (<|start-PI|>,<|end-PI|>) to quickly identify them.
   b. Do the same for the Key Factual Information (KFI) (<|start-KFI|>, <|end-KFI|>)
   c. Ensure that the very first PI in the passage is preceded by <|start-PI|>.
   d. Double-check that every PI and KFI is properly enclosed in these tags.

4. Describing ideal retrieved information:
   a. Given the Prefix-Intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI), imagine an ideal retriever and enormous corpus. 
   b. Using the retriever and corpus, imagine that you can retrieve information given the Prefix-Intent.  
   c. Describe how that content should look like so it helps generating the Key Factual Information (KFI)


5. Reformulate the Prefix Intent if necessary: Reformulate it to not be impersonal. This means that if the subject it is not identified (e.g. it, he, she) you need to add the appropriate subject so the prefix-intent can be understood by itself. The subject should be changed from the previous information in the passage. Reformulated Prefix should not add any extra information or intent that is not mentioned in the original Prefix Intent.


6. Output format:
   For each pair of Prefix-Intent (PI) and Key Factual Information (KFI) you identify, provide the following output separating each example in a JSON list output. Ensure that it is actually a JSON.

   - Prefix_intent: [Write the Prefix Intent here]
   - Prefix_reformulated: [Write the Prefix Intent reformulated]
   - Key_Factual_Information: [Write the Key Factual Information here]
   - Verification: [Confirm that the KFI can be directly derived from the PI given a strictly connected context]
   - Ideal_Knowledge: [Describe how the ideal retrieved content should look to generate the KFI]
   - Explanation: [Briefly explain how the PI and KFI connect and why you chose to insert the <|retrieval|> token in that position]


7. Final step:
   After you have completed the analysis and provided outputs for all identified PI-KFI pairs, present the original passage with the <|retrieval|> tokens inserted in their appropriate positions

Here's an example of the expected output format:

Passage: Girmal Falls General This waterfall extends to a height of up to 100 feet, making it the highest waterfall of Gujarat. The picturesque beauty of this site makes it popular among visitors and people of the region alike. The water swiftly falls from a great height, creating a fog like condition that’s eye catching. The government of this state is working on many projects to make this place an ideal picnic spot and a tourist attraction. The fall comes to its best form at the time of monsoon and provides an immensely striking appearance. Some of the best natural features of Gujarat can be explored in this place. This place is a nice and refreshing retreat for any traveler.

```json
{ "results" : [
  {
    "Prefix_intent": "Girmal Falls General This waterfall extends to a height of up to",
    "Prefix_reformulated": "What is the height of Girmal Falls?",
    "Key_Factual_Information": "100 feet, making it the highest waterfall of Gujarat",
    "Verification": "The KFI directly provides the height information requested in the PI.",
    "Ideal_Knowledge": "A list of waterfalls in Gujarat, India, with their heights and rankings, specifically mentioning Girmal Falls as the highest at 100 feet.",
    "Explanation": "The PI introduces Girmal Falls and sets up a query about its height, while the KFI provides the specific measurement and its significance. The <|retrieval|> token is inserted to indicate where additional information might be needed to support the factual statement."
  },
  {
    "Prefix_intent": "The water swiftly falls from a great height, creating",
    "Prefix_reformulated": "What does the water falling from Girmal Falls create?",
    "Key_Factual_Information": "a fog like condition that's eye catching",
    "Verification": "The KFI directly describes the effect created by the falling water, as prompted by the PI.",
    "Ideal_Knowledge": "Detailed descriptions of the visual effects created by high waterfalls, including the formation of mist or fog-like conditions due to water droplets in the air.",
    "Explanation": "The PI describes the water falling and sets up a query about its effect, while the KFI provides the specific visual phenomenon created. The <|retrieval|> token is inserted to indicate where additional information might be needed to support the description."
  },
  {
    "Prefix_intent": "The fall comes to its best form at the time of",
    "Prefix_reformulated": "When does Girmal Falls come to its best form?",
    "Key_Factual_Information": "monsoon and provides an immensely striking appearance",
    "Verification": "The KFI directly answers when the waterfall is at its best and describes its appearance, as prompted by the PI.",
    "Ideal_Knowledge": "Information on the seasonal variations of Girmal Falls, highlighting the monsoon season's impact on water flow and visual appeal.",
    "Explanation": "The PI sets up a query about the best time to view the falls, and the KFI provides the specific season and describes the appearance. The <|retrieval|> token is inserted to indicate where additional information about seasonal changes might be needed."
  }],
"Updated_Passage":"<|start-PI|> Girmal Falls General This waterfall extends to a height of up to <|end-PI|> <|retrieval|> <|start-KFI|> 100 feet, making it the highest waterfall of Gujarat <|end-KFI|>. The picturesque beauty of this site makes it popular among visitors and people of the region alike. <|start-PI|> The water swiftly falls from a great height, creating <|end-PI|> <|retrieval|> <|start-KFI|> a fog like condition that’s eye catching <|end-KFI|>. The government of this state is working on many projects to make this place an ideal picnic spot and a tourist attraction. <|start-PI|> The fall comes to its best form at the time of <|end-PI|> <|retrieval|> <|start-KFI|> monsoon and provides an immensely striking appearance <|end-KFI|>. Some of the best natural features of Gujarat can be explored in this place. This place is a nice and refreshing retreat for any traveler."
}

```
8. Final check:
  a. Review the Updated_Passage to ensure all PIs and KFIs are properly tagged.
  b. Verify that the first PI in the passage starts with <|start-PI|>.
  c. Make sure there are no missing or misplaced tags.
 
Remember to analyze the entire passage, identify all relevant PI-KFI pairs, and provide the output for each pair as specified. After completing the analysis, present the original passage with the <|retrieval|> tokens inserted in their appropriate positions as part of a new key in the JSON file. Only Ouput the JSON File.