When the Normans invaded Ireland, Scotland, and Wales in the 11th and 12th centuries, settlement in those countries was predominantly non-urban, and the foundation of towns was often linked with the creation of a castle.
Alwaq wa id infazan Norman tan daɣ addawlat tan Ireland, Ecosse id Wales ghur awatay wan 1100 id wan 1200 , timizdagh daɣ addawla tan tin ojjar as wadden tin iɣirman tolas tenattawt n tiɣirmen osaɣ id akaros n chato