In the early 11th century, the motte and keep – an artificial mound with a palisade and tower on top – was the most common form of castle in Europe, everywhere except Scandinavia.
Dǎɣ santo ən 11e temede nawatay, farajitan əd donjon – tadmir nakal iwar axala əd tasaxlit - aqalan wogaran atwiziy dǎɣ enuwan wi Europe, dahatiked wənan amos dǎɣ Scandinavetan.