This is done partly through observation of natural phenomena, but also through experimentation that tries to simulate natural events under controlled conditions as appropriate to the discipline (in the observational sciences, such as astronomy or geology, a predicted observation might take the place of a controlled experiment).
Awen ititwəj dǎɣ ašrut as akayad ən ijitan avlaknen,mašan dev as musnat tirəmat as assəgbar ən ikuyan avlaknen dǎɣ alməvnatan atiwəhadnen,as assəvar ( dǎɣ təmusnawen ad akayad,sund astronomie mev géologie,akayad atiwənan adobat ašaray ənirum atiwənahadən.