The first phase of pre-Socratic philosophy, mainly the Milesians, Xenophanes, and Heraclitus, consisted of rejecting traditional cosmogony and attempting to explain nature based on empirical observations and interpretations.
Tikkelt ta tazzarat n filozofi tan pre-Socratic hullan tan Milesians, Xenophanes d Heraclitus, eha tunjit s teɣare n eɣani n alɣalim d erem n afissar n ahinzazaɣ ijjan fal ikayadan d ifahaman