During this period of transition from a mainly feudal and ecclesiastical culture to a predominantly secular one, many notable mathematicians had other occupations: Luca Pacioli (founder of accounting); Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia (notable engineer and bookkeeper); Gerolamo Cardano (earliest founder of probability and binomial expansion); Robert Recorde (physician) and François Viète (lawyer).
Daɣ azzaman wen ɣur agna wan feodal d ekleziastik har wan ɣalamaniya , matematisyen tan ililan daɣ is alxidmaten tiyyad: Luca Pacioli (amaxlak n medan), Niccolo Fontana Tartaglia (injenieur maqqoran d anaɣlaf n alkittaban); Gerolamo Cardano (amaxlak wan ezzaran n ach-ak d efes n binom); Robert Recorde (fizisien) d Francois Viete (avoka)