Scientists of different eras (and before them, natural philosophers, mathematicians, natural historians, natural theologians, engineers, and others who contributed to the development of science) have had widely different places in society, and the social norms, ethical values, and epistemic virtues associated with scientists—and expected of them—have changed over time as well.
Ənumaɣan ən təbiɗawen nazaman (əd datas san, ən kal magrad ən manasan, kal maɗinan, kal tinfas ən manasan, théologientan ən manasan, imusanan əd iyad adinat ahanen dǎɣ təwaƭ ən tənumaq) igašan igagan hulen abdanen dǎɣ tanminak, əd oɣadan ən tanminak, ɣaleurtan nagudin əd ahusken ən tiwit tartayat ən tənumaɣawen – əd atiwasagdahnat ye manasnat – igrawnat intanatedǎɣ asimutiy dǎɣ azaman.