The concept that the composition of plant communities such as temperate broadleaf forest changes by a process of ecological succession was developed by Henry Chandler Cowles, Arthur Tansley and Frederic Clements.
Isim wan as tartit tan tawseten tin ihishkan chund aroj n ifrinkittan win awelan isimutay anmichray n amatikway n ecology eɣna Henry Chandler Cowles, Arthur Tansley d Frederic Clements