The associated research and applications are equally diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, from developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale to direct control of matter on the atomic scale.
Farak wen osaɣan d aplikasyon tan ogdahan daɣ anmizlay asintanen ɣur tamattant n isuj win physics har tizujichen ti eynaynen ijjanen fal amasidu n molecule tan , ɣur efes n isuj eynaynen ilanen tiɣimmar fal nonscale har awikkal oɣadan n harat fal atomic scale.