Mass extinctions had a variety of causes including volcanic activity, climate change, and changes in oceanic and atmospheric chemistry, and they in turn had major effects on Earth's ecology, atmosphere, land surface and waters.
Timatanen ajjotnen ilanat iddilan ajjotnen eha Volcanic activity, amutti n azzaman, d imutiyan n ejjarew wa maqqoran d ichinnawan tolas ilan tikmawen maqqor nen fal akal, ichinnawan, arori n akal d iman