Comparative history: historical analysis of social and cultural entities not confined to national boundaries.
Tanfust tᾰmmeẓlayᾰt : Akayad ən ad-okayᾰn fᾰl tənfusen əjjanen fᾰl timəttawen əd awa itawajjen ,amoosᾰn ad ᾰtiwagaẓᾰn wᾰr et qqel ay-ibdadᾰn ɣas ɣor isəɣlay ən ᾰddawlᾰt .