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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=61293793

Bigger (Beyoncé song)

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Bigger (Beyoncé song) "Bigger" (stylized in uppercase) is a song by American singer Beyoncé from the 2019 album "" and featured in the 2020 film "Black Is King". Background. The song was penned at a writing camp at Beyoncé's studio and was created due to a bond with British singer-songwriter Raye and US songwriter Stacy Barthe. Raye told BBC Newsbeat: "I remember we were both in a really dark, sad place and we wanted to create something to empower ourselves. We spent maybe two or three hours on it. It was 3 a.m. and I remember Beyoncé's team came in and heard what we'd created so far and just completely freaked out. It was incredible." Raye also told Official Charts: "I wrote a lot of songs - I put a shift in. But [Beyoncé] fell in love with Bigger." Beyoncé informed Raye that "Bigger" would be the first song on the album at the 2019 "The Lion King" European premiere, and her reaction, as caught on video, went viral. Raye tweeted "Beyoncé told me I’ve written Track 1 on the new album ... it’s called Bigger . I can’t I can’t." Composition and lyrical interpretation. "Bigger" is preceded by "Balance", a Mufasa interlude voiced by James Earl Jones, which samples his "Circle of Life" speech from the 2019 film. The two tracks segue into each other. "Dazed" described this shift as "tying in nicely with the track’s lyrics." According to "The Atlantic", "Bigger" has an overarching theme of "royal succession" as well as an undercurrent exploration of the "ecological and existential" aspects of the "Circle of Life." Matzav Review described "Bigger" as an "ode to the natural riches of the African continent" whilst also serving as a tribute to Beyoncé's children, showing them the paraphrased "power of collective knowledge." Music video. A music video was released on July 19, 2019, as the second part from an extended edition of the music video from "Spirit", the lead single from the album. A second music video was released in "Black Is King". It features snippets of the original video with new footage filmed specifically for the movie. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=57257423

Harriet White Fisher

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Harriet White Fisher Harriet White Fisher Andrew (1861–1939) was an American known for being the first woman to circle the globe in a Locomobile. Birth and early life. Harriet White was born in Crawford County, Pennsylvania on March 31, 1861. She was the daughter of Oscar A. White and Hannah Fisher, and was educated at The Young Women's Classical Seminary in Cleveland Ohio. At the time of the Johnstown Flood she took care of victims. Wu Tingfang, Chinese diplomat and politician, called Mrs. Harriet White Fisher "The most wonderful woman in America." Train accident. On October 8, 1902, two Pennsylvania Railroad passenger trains collided in Menlo Park, New Jersey. Harriet Fisher was severely injured. A report of her injuries stated she was in Presbyterian Hospital (New York City) for eight weeks, hospitalized with fractured hips, spinal injury, and internal injury. Steel industry. After her husband's death, Harriet Fisher took over the management of Eagle Steel Works (later named Fisher & Norris Anvil Works) in Trenton, New Jersey. She was the only woman member of the National Association of Manufacturers. She is quoted in "The Washington Post" in 1911, describing her involvement in the business: "Though I liked machinery even when a child," said Mrs. Fisher, "it was my husband's illness and the desire which every woman has to help in an emergency that led me to enter the Eagle Works, of which Mr. Fisher was the head. I went in as the 'boss'; but I soon learned that if I was to be respected by my employees, I would have to know more than they did. To this end, I began as a regular apprentice, learned to temper steel, chisel the face of an anvil, mold vises and make rails. In fact, I took a complete course in every department of the business, from melting pig-iron to bidding for contracts. Before I was through, I learned really to love the work with iron and steel, the whir of the machinery, and the sound of the forge." Her wealth was reported at $2,000,000 in 1906. "She underbid her rivals on part of the Panama Canal equipment and has made $1,000,000 on that feature of her plan's output." First woman to drive around the world. Initial reports prior to her journey revealed that her four-seat car was built in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and had a 40-horsepower engine with no special equipment. Her planned companions were Harold Fisher Brooks (a relative), a chef named Albert, and a maid. She also traveled with a pet monkey, a Bull Terrier, and a Pug. The planned route was to ship the car to England, travel to her Italian villa at Lake Como, and then continue through Egypt, India, Japan, and back to the United States A bon voyage party was announced in July 1909 at the Automobile Club of America. The travelers set off on July 19, 1909. It was reported that she arrived at Lake Como by November 1909. A contemporary newspaper account stated that Fisher and her entourage had completed their journey to the Japan and that the travelers and the vehicle were back in San Francisco, California. She arrived in Tarrytown, New York on August 16, 1910, completing her journey around the world. Fisher wrote a book about her adventure titled "A Woman's World Tour in A Motor". Personal life. Her first known marriage was to Clark Fisher. They were married in London, England on July 20, 1898. The report of their marriage in the "Trenton Evening Times" states the bride's name as Mrs. White, a widow who moved to Flushing, Queens in 1896. However, a later interview of Harriet Fisher, stated she was a "White" by birth and her mother was distantly related to her husband. Fisher died in 1903. She married again on April 27, 1912, to Silvano Alfredo Andrew, an officer in the Argentine Navy, in Manhattan. It was described as a quiet ceremony in the press because the groom's brother (Edgard) had died on the "Titanic" a few days earlier. Fisher was an anti-suffragist and testified against women's suffrage in New Jersey in 1913. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=86020

Iris (mythology)

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Iris (mythology) Ancient Greek personification of the rainbow In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Iris (; ; Greek: ,  ,  "rainbow," ) is a daughter of the gods Thaumas and Electra, the personification of the rainbow and messenger of the gods, a servant to the Olympians and especially Queen Hera. Iris appears in several stories carrying messages from and to the gods or running errands but has no unique mythology of her own. Similarly, very little to none of a historical cult and worship of Iris is attested in surviving records, with only a few traces surviving from the island of Delos. In ancient art, Iris is depicted as a winged young woman carrying a caduceus, the symbol of the messengers, and a pitcher of water for the gods. Iris was traditionally seen as the consort of Zephyrus, the god of the west wind and one of the four Anemoi, by whom she is the mother of Pothos in some versions. Etymology. The ancient Greek noun means both the rainbow and the halo of the Moon. An inscription from Corinth provides evidence for an original form ("wîris") with a digamma that was eventually dropped. The noun seems to be of pre-Greek origin. A Proto-Indo-European pre-form "*uh2i-r-i-" has been suggested, although Beekes finds it 'hard to motivate.' Family. According to Hesiod's "Theogony", Iris is the daughter of Thaumas and the Oceanid Electra and the sister of the Harpies: Arke and Ocypete. During the Titanomachy, Iris was the messenger of the Olympian gods while her sister Arke betrayed the Olympians and became the messenger of the gods' enemy, the Titans. She is the goddess of the rainbow. She also serves nectar to the goddesses and gods to drink. Zephyrus, who is the god of the west wind, is her consort. Together they had a son named Pothos, or alternatively they were the parents of Eros, the god of love, according to sixth century BC Greek lyric poet Alcaeus, though Eros is usually said to be the son of Ares and Aphrodite. According to the "Dionysiaca" of Nonnus, Iris' brother is Hydaspes. She is also known as one of the goddesses of the sea and the sky. Iris links the gods to humanity. She travels with the speed of wind from one end of the world to the other and into the depths of the sea and the underworld. Mythology. Titanomachy. Iris is said to travel on the rainbow while carrying messages from the gods to mortals. In some records, Iris is a sister to fellow messenger goddess Arke ("swift", "quick"), who flew out of the company of Olympian gods to join the Titans as their messenger goddess during the Titanomachy, making the two sisters enemy messenger goddesses. After the war was won by Zeus and his allies, Zeus tore Arke's wings from her and in time gave them as a gift to the Nereid Thetis at her wedding to Peleus, who in turn gave them to her son, Achilles, who wore them on his feet. Achilles was sometimes known as "podarkes" (feet like [the wings of] Arke). Podarces was also the original name of Priam, the king of Troy. Messenger of the gods. Following her daughter Persephone's abduction by Hades, the goddess of agriculture Demeter withdrew to her temple in Eleusis and made the earth barren, causing a great famine that killed off mortals, and as a result sacrifices to the gods ceased. Zeus then sent Iris to Demeter, calling her to join the other gods and lift her curse; but as her daughter was not returned, Demeter was not persuaded. In one narrative, after Leto and her children pleaded with Zeus to release Prometheus from his torment, Zeus relented, and sent Iris to order Heracles to free the unfortunate Prometheus. After Ceyx drowned in a shipwreck, Hera made Iris convey her orders to Hypnos, the god of sleep. Iris flew and found him in his cave, and informed him that Hera wished for Ceyx's wife, Alcyone, to be informed of her loved one's death in her dreams. After delivering Hera's command, Iris left immediately, not standing to be near Hypnos for too long, for his powers took hold of her, and made her dizzy and sleepy. In Aristophanes's comedy "The Birds", the titular birds build a city in the sky and plan to supplant the Olympian gods. Iris, as the messenger, goes to meet them, but she is ridiculed, insulted, and threatened with rape by their leader Pisetaerus, an elderly Athenian man. Iris appears confused that Pisetearus does not know who the gods are and that she is one of them. Pisetaerus then tells her that the birds are the gods now, the deities whom the humans must sacrifice to. After Pisetaerus threatens to rape her, Iris scolds him for his foul language and leaves, warning him that Zeus, whom she refers to as her father, will deal with him and make him pay. Iris also appears several times in Virgil's "Aeneid", usually as an agent of Juno. In Book 4, Juno dispatches her to pluck a lock of hair from the head of Queen Dido, so that she may die and enter Hades. In book 5, Iris, having taken on the form of a Trojan woman, stirs up the other Trojan mothers to set fire to four of Aeneas' ships in order to prevent them from leaving Sicily. According to the Roman poet Ovid, after Romulus was deified as the god Quirinus, his wife Hersilia pleaded with the gods to let her become immortal as well so that she could be with her husband once again. Juno heard her plea and sent Iris down to her. With a single finger, Iris touched Hersilia and transformed her into an immortal goddess. Hersilia flew to Olympus, where she became one of the Horae and was permitted to live with her husband forevermore. Trojan War. According to the lost epic "Cypria" by Stasinus, it was Iris who informed Menelaus, who had sailed off to Crete, of what had happened back in Sparta while he was gone, namely his wife Helen's elopement with the Trojan Prince Paris as well as the death of Helen's brother Castor. Iris is frequently mentioned as a divine messenger in "The Iliad", which is attributed to Homer. She does not, however, appear in "The Odyssey," where her role is instead filled by Hermes. Like Hermes, Iris carries a caduceus or winged staff. By command of Zeus, the king of the gods, she carries a ewer of water from the River Styx, with which she puts to sleep all who perjure themselves. In Book XXIII, she delivers Achilles's prayer to Boreas and Zephyrus to light the funeral pyre of Patroclus. In the last book, Zeus sends Iris to King Priam, to tell him that he should go to the Achaean camp alone and ransom the body of his slain son Hector from Achilles. Iris swiftly delivers the message to Priam and returns to Olympus. Other myths. According to the "Homeric Hymn to Apollo", when Leto was in labor prior to giving birth to her twin children Apollo and Artemis, all the goddesses were in attendance except for two, Hera and Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth. On the ninth day of her labor, Leto told Iris to bribe Eileithyia and ask for her help in giving birth to her children, without allowing Hera to find out. According to Callimachus, Iris along with Ares ordered, on Hera's orders, all cities and other places to shun the pregnant Leto and deny her shelter where she could bring forth her twins. After Asteria, now transformed into the island of Delos, offered shelter to Leto, Iris flew back to Hera to inform her that Leto had been allowed to give birth due to Asteria defying Hera's orders, and took her seat beside Hera. According to Apollonius Rhodius, Iris turned back the Argonauts Zetes and Calais, who had pursued the Harpies to the Strophades ("Islands of Turning"). The brothers had driven off the monsters from their torment of the prophet Phineus, but did not kill them upon the request of Iris, who promised that Phineus would not be bothered by the Harpies again. After King Creon of Thebes forbade the burial of the dead Argive soldiers who had raised their arms against Thebes, Hera ordered Iris to moisturize their dead bodies with dew and ambrosia. In a lesser-known narrative, Iris once came close to being raped by the satyrs after she attempted to disrupt their worship of Dionysus, perhaps at the behest of Hera. About fifteen black-and-red-figure vase paintings dating from the fifth century BC depict said satyrs either menacingly advancing toward or getting hold of her when she tries to interfere with the sacrifice. In another cup, Iris is depicted being assaulted by the satyrs, who apparently are trying to prevent Iris from stealing sacrificial meat from the altar of Dionysus, who is also present in the scene. On the other side, the satyrs are attacking Hera, who stands between Hermes and Heracles. The ancient playwright Achaeus wrote "Iris", a now lost satyr play, which might have been the source of those vases' subject. In Euripides' play "Heracles Gone Mad", Iris appears alongside Lyssa, the goddess of madness and insanity, cursing Heracles with the fit of madness in which he kills his three sons and his wife Megara. Iris also prepared the bed of Zeus and Hera. Worship. Cult. Unlike the other prominent messenger god of the Greeks, Hermes, Iris did not play a large part in the ancient Greek religion and was rarely worshipped. There are no known temples, shrines, or sanctuaries to Iris, or festivals held in her honour. While she is frequently depicted on vases and in bas-reliefs, few statues are known to have been made of Iris during antiquity. She was however depicted in sculpture on the west pediment of Parthenon in Athens. Iris does appear to have been the object of at least some minor worship, but the only trace preserved of her cult is the note by Athenaeus in "Scholars at Dinner" that the people of Delos sacrificed to Iris, offering her cheesecakes called "basyniae", a type of cake of wheat-flour, suet, and honey, boiled up together. Epithets. Iris had numerous poetic titles and epithets, including "chrysopteros" ( "golden winged"), "podas ōkea" ( "swift footed") or "podēnemos ōkea" ( "wind-swift footed"), "roscida" ("dewy", Latin), and "Thaumantias" or "Thaumantis" (, , "Daughter of Thaumas, Wondrous One"), "aellopus" ( "storm-footed, storm-swift). She also watered the clouds with her pitcher, obtaining the water from the sea. Representation. Iris is represented either as a rainbow or as a beautiful young maiden with wings on her shoulders. As a goddess, Iris is associated with communication, messages, the rainbow, and new endeavors. This personification of a rainbow was once described as being a link to the heavens and earth. In some texts she is depicted wearing a coat of many colors. With this coat she actually creates the rainbows she rides to get from place to place. Iris' wings were said to be so beautiful that she could even light up a dark cavern, a trait observable from the story of her visit to Somnus in order to relay a message to Alcyone. While Iris was principally associated with communication and messages, she was also believed to aid in the fulfillment of humans' prayers, either by fulfilling them herself or by bringing them to the attention of other deities. Notes. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=64450824

Ioannis Kontoyiannis

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Ioannis Kontoyiannis Greek mathematician and information theorist Ioannis Kontoyiannis (born January 1972) is a Greek mathematician and information theorist. He is the Churchill Professor of Mathematics for Operational Research with the Statistical Laboratory, in the Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, of the University of Cambridge. He is also a Fellow of Darwin College, Cambridge, an affiliated member of the Division of Information Engineering, Cambridge, a Research Fellow of the Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, a Senior Member of Robinson College, Cambridge, and a trustee of the Rollo Davidson Trust. His research interests are in information theory, probability and statistics, including their applications in data compression, bioinformatics, neuroscience, machine learning, and the connections between core information-theoretic ideas and results in probability theory and additive combinatorics. Academic biography. Kontoyiannis earned a B.S. in mathematics from Imperial College, University of London (1992), he obtained a distinction in Part III of the Cambridge University Pure Mathematics Tripos (1993), and he earned an M.S. in statistics (1997) and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering (1998), both from Stanford University. Between 1998 and 2018 he taught at Purdue University, Brown University, Columbia University, and at the Athens University of Economics and Business. In January 2018 he joined the Information Engineering Division at Cambridge University, as Professor of Information and Communications, and Head of the Signal Processing and Communications Laboratory. Since June 2020 he has been with the Statistical Laboratory, in the Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, University of Cambridge, where he holds the Churchill Chair in Mathematics. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12918217

Calgary Roller Derby

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Calgary Roller Derby Roller derby league Calgary Roller Derby is a not-for-profit women's flat-track roller derby league based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Calgary Roller Derby is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA). History and structure. Calgary Roller Derby was originally formed as the Sandstone City Roller Girls in 2006, and restructured as the Calgary Roller Derby Association the following year. The league is skater-owned and skater-operated and is a non-profit organization. In April 2018 the league announced a rebrand and dropped the "Association" from its name, and introduced an updated logo. Currently, there are three home teams within the league: The Cut-Throat Car Hops, the Thrashin' Lassies, the B-52 Bellas. There are two travel teams: the Jane Deere (B team) and the All Stars (WFTDA charter travel team). The Hellion Rebellion were renamed the All Stars in 2012. The Jane Deere was defunct as of summer 2009 and reformed in 2016. Each of these teams has a roster of 14-20 skaters. There is also a Fresh Meat team of new skaters. The league skates from April until September, at Triwood Arena, with charity and invitational scrimmages during the off-season. Skaters also frequently travel throughout the province to participate in invitational bouts. The league was accepted into the WFTDA Apprentice Program in January 2013. CRD achieved full member status in the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) in December 2013, becoming the first full WFTDA member league in Alberta. Calgary Junior Roller Derby is the league's JRDA-aligned junior roller derby league. WFTDA competition. Calgary first qualified for WFTDA Playoffs in 2016, entering the Division 2 tournament in Lansing, Michigan as the fifth seed. At Lansing, Calgary upset higher-seeded Cincinnati Rollergirls, Charm City Roller Girls (Baltimore) and ultimately defeated the seventh-seeded Charlottesville Derby Dames 189–165 to take first place in the tournament. The victory qualified Calgary for the Division 2 side of WFTDA Championships. At Championships in Portland, Calgary lost their opening game against the Blue Ridge Rollergirls 225–183, but then won a rematch against Charlottesville 252–197 to take third place in Division 2. In 2017, Calgary made their first appearance at Division 1 Playoffs at Malmö, but lost to both Rainy City Roller Derby and Helsinki Roller Derby to finish out of the medal round. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13197842

Life 24

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Life 24

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8101933

TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais Flight 402

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TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais Flight 402 1996 aviation accident TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais Flight 402 was a scheduled domestic flight from São Paulo–Congonhas International Airport in São Paulo, Brazil to Recife International Airport in Recife via Santos Dumont Airport in Rio de Janeiro. On 31 October 1996, at 8:27 (UTC-2), the starboard engine of the Fokker 100 operating the route reversed thrust while the aircraft was climbing away from the runway at Congonhas. The aircraft stalled and rolled beyond control to the right, then struck two buildings and crashed into several houses in a heavily populated area only 25 seconds after takeoff. All 95 people on board were killed, as well as another 4 on the ground. It is the fourth deadliest accident in Brazilian aviation history, the second at the time. It is also the deadliest aviation accident involving a Fokker 100. Aircraft. The aircraft involved was a Fokker 100 with the registration PT-MRK. The aircraft made its first flight on 8 February 1993 and was acquired second-hand by TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais in April 1995; it had accumulated more than 8,000 flying hours. It wore a special promotional blue livery on its fuselage with the inscription "Number 1", in reference to TAM being awarded "Regional Airline of the Year" by "Air Transport World" magazine. Crew. The Captain was 35-year-old José Antonio Moreno, who had more than 9,000 hours of flight experience, including 3,000 hours on the Fokker 100. The first officer was 27-year-old Ricardo Luis Gomes, who had 4,000 flight hours, with 160 of them on the Fokker 100. There were also five flight attendants on board. Accident. The Fokker 100 aircraft incorporates a safety system to deal with an accidental deployment of a thrust reverser on take-off or when in flight; the system automatically moves the thrust control of the affected Rolls-Royce Tay 650-15 engine to reduce power, the aeroplane then being capable of climbing out safely on the full power of the one unaffected engine, or of maintaining normal flight at reduced power. In addition, a micro-switch, activated by the aircraft's main landing gear leaving the ground, disables the thrust reverser operating circuitry, preventing inadvertent operation of the thrust reverser in flight. As the aircraft lifted off the runway on the accident flight with both engines at full power, a faulty switch in conjunction with a possible short circuit caused the right engine's thrust reverser to deploy. The imbalance of power resulted in the aircraft rolling and veering to the right as it was climbing away from the runway. The safety system automatically cut the power to the engine with the malfunctioning thrust reverser. There was no alarm or other indication in the cockpit to indicate that a thrust reverser had been accidentally deployed. The crew had no way of knowing what the true problem was. The copilot, seeing the right engine power lever automatically move to the closed position, thought that the lever had slipped back due to a problem with the autothrottle system and pushed it back to the full power position alongside the left engine throttle lever. Once again, the automatic safety system closed the right engine throttle and the captain, who was conducting the takeoff, called for the autothrottle system to be switched off. After switching off the system, the copilot again pushed the right engine power lever fully forward and forcefully held it there. The safety system cable, responsible for pulling the power lever to the idle position, was no longer able to withstand the physical strain of being pulled one way by the actuator, while the copilot forced it the other way by pushing the throttle lever to the fully open position — the cable soon parted at a maintenance connection. With the lever no longer restrained by the safety system, the copilot continued to hold the right throttle fully open. The combination of the right engine at full thrust in reverse and the left engine still at normal forward take-off thrust caused the aircraft to roll violently to the right and descend into the ground. Investigation. In the subsequent investigation it was discovered that the flight crew had not been trained for such an occurrence as the aircraft's manufacturer, Fokker, had judged the failure mode to be so remote a possibility that training for recovery was not necessary. Dramatization. The crash was featured in the 15th season of the television documentary series "Mayday" in an episode titled "Carnage in São Paulo". References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> External links. TAM 402 Footage 2 days before the crash.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38909223

Otto Koehler

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Otto Koehler Otto Koehler (20 December 1889 - 7 January 1974) was a German zoologist and pioneer ethologist. He was a founding editor, along with Konrad Lorenz of the "Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie" (Journal of animal psychology) which was later renamed as "Ethology". He was among the earliest to explore the numerical abilities of animals, and to use tools like film to study animal behaviour. Otto was born in Insterburg, Prussia, the fifth and the only child to survive of Lutheran pastor Eduard Koehler and his second wife Karoline née Heinrici. His mother died after his birth and his father died four years later leaving him in the care of his uncle Paul Heinrici. He went to the Royal school at Pforta in 1902 and matriculated in 1907 to then study at the University of Freiburg. He studied mathematics and history and attended August Weismann's classes on zoology and evolution. In 1908 he moved to the University of Munich where he studied botany and listened to lectures in physics from Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. He studied the biology of a sea urchin "Strongylocentrotus lividus" under Richard von Hertwig and obtained a doctorate. He then worked as an assistant to Franz Doflein and then worked with Karl von Frisch. During the war Koehler was in charge of bacteriological examinations at a military hospital near Metz in 1914. He then set up a laboratory in Anatolia in 1916 and became an English prisoner of war in Nazareth. In 1919 he moved to Wroclaw where Franz Doflein had moved. Koehler studied geotaxis in "Paramecium", color vision in "Daphnia" and examined the perception of magnetic fields and UV in animals. He lectured on sensory physiology and animal psychology. Koehler worked with Karl von Frisch and trained dragonfly larvae to feed on yellow food thereby showing that they could recognize colour. In 1923 he became an associate professor in Munich and in 1925 he became directory of the Museum at the University of Königsberg. Koehler experimented on animals to identify if they had what was needed for human thinking and was especially interested in behaviours that demonstrated counting (which he called as unnamed thinking). He examined the behaviour of sandpiper's at the nest and used dummy eggs to check how the birds recognized their own eggs. He was also among the first biologists to use films to record animal behaviour for subsequent analysis. In 1937 he established the German Society for Animal Psychology and began its journal "Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie" with Konard Lorenz and Carl Kronacher. From 1986 it was renamed as "Ethology". After the war, Otto Koehler had lost his wife Annemarie Deditius whom he had married in Breslau in 1920 to an illness and Königsberg was in ruins. He was appointed a professor at the University of Freiburg in 1946 and he married a former student Amélie Hauchecorne, great-granddaughter of Wilhelm Hauchecorne. His first doctoral student Paul Leyhausen studied tiger-lion hybrids and he continued his research on the counting ability of animals. He also took an interest in bioacoustics. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11341610

Cork North (Dáil constituency)

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Cork North (Dáil constituency) Dáil constituency (1923–1961) Cork North was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas from 1923 to 1961. The constituency elected 3 (and sometimes 4) deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) to the Dáil, on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). History. The constituency was created under the Electoral Act 1923, for the 1923 general election to Dáil Éireann, whose members formed the 4th Dáil. The constituency returned 3 Teachtaí Dála initially. The number of seats was increased to 4 for the 1937 general election but was reduced back to 3 for the 1948 general election. It succeeded the constituency of Cork Mid, North, South, South East and West. It was abolished under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1961, when it was replaced by the new constituency of Cork North-East and Cork Mid. Boundaries. It consisted of the county electoral areas of Kanturk and Macroom in the administrative county of Cork. Elections. 1957 general election. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 1954 general election. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 1951 general election. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 1948 general election. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 1944 general election. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 1943 general election. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 1938 general election. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 1937 general election. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 1933 general election. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 1932 general election. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> September 1927 general election. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> June 1927 general election. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 1923 general election. Figures from the second count are not available. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49340832

Bill Meates (rugby union)

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Bill Meates (rugby union) NZ international rugby union player Rugby player William Anthony Meates (26 May 1923 – 1 February 2003) was a New Zealand rugby union player, soldier and schoolteacher. Biography. Meates was born in Greymouth in 1923, and was an elder brother of Kevin Meates. He received his education at Marist Brothers' School, Greymouth, and at St Bede's College in Christchurch. A wing three-quarter, Bill Meates represented and at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1949 and 1950. He played 20 matches for the All Blacks including seven internationals. Rejected for military service as an 18-year-old because of flat feet, Meates graduated from Christchurch Teachers' Training College in 1944. While there he served as vice-president of the student union, and his future wife Nancy was president. He was subsequently accepted for military service. However, by the time his contingent reached Egypt, Germany had surrendered. Following the end of the war, he toured Britain and France with the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force rugby team, known as the "Kiwis", playing in 13 matches. Back in New Zealand, worked as a teacher and studied at Canterbury University College, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1954. He taught at Aranui High School in Christchurch for 25 years, rising to deputy principal. As chairman of Sacred Heart Girls' College, he was influential in the integration of Catholic schools into the state system. With his wife Nancy, Meates had ten children, including David Meates who was CEO of the Canterbury District Health Board for 12 years. He died at Christchurch on 1 February 2003, and was buried at Ruru Lawn Cemetery. His wife, Nancy Meates, died in 2017. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54207744

Motilal Tejawat

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Motilal Tejawat Indian activistMotilal Tejawat (Hindi: मोतीलाल तेजावत), (1885–1963) was the leader of the Eki Movement that was agitated in the 1920s in the adivasi-dominated border areas of present-day Rajasthan and Gujarat. Early life. Motilal Tejawat was born in Koliyari (now in Jhadol tehsil, Udaipur district, Rajasthan) in 1886. After being educated to the fifth grade, he was employed in the Jhadol "thikana" (in present-day Jhadol tehsil) for some time. During his stint at Jhadol, he witnessed the oppressive behavior of the "thakur" and his henchmen towards the local Bhil people, which prompted him to resign his position in 1920. He then worked for a shopkeeper in Udaipur city. Soon after obtaining new employment, Tejawat was sent by his employer to Jhadol on business, where the "thakur" ordered him to hand over building material belonging to Tejawat's employer; he refused to oblige, and was beaten up and imprisoned by the "thakur" until Tejawat's employer was able to arrange for his release. Following this experience, Tejawat gave up his job in Udaipur and devoted himself to full-time political activity. Activism. Motilal Tejawat's immediate source of inspiration was the Bijolia movement. Tejawat came in contact with pamphlets originating from the Bijolia Movement and proceeded to make copies of and distribute the pamphlets in Bhil-majority areas. Tejawat organized several meetings in Bhil villages in the erstwhile estate of Jhadol, which resulted in the formation of a committee that sought to articulate the grievances and demands of the Bhil peasantry. Tejawat saw his movement as being part of the larger independence movement in India led by, among others, Gandhi. He is said to have stated during speeches that once 'Gandhi raj' was established, the agitators would have to pay only one anna in the rupee (i.e., 6%) to their rulers. Eki Movement. See Eki Movement. Position of national leaders. Gandhi did not approve of Tejawat's methods and distanced himself from Tejawat in an article in "Young India":I hear that a gentleman by name Motilal Pancholi hailing from Udaipur claims to be my disciple and to preach temperance and what not among the rustics of the Rajputana States. He is reported to be surrounded by an armed crowd of admirers and establishing his kingdom or some other -dom wherever he goes. He claims too, miraculous powers. He or his admirers are reported to have done some destructive work. I wish that people will once and for all understand that I have no disciples.Similarly, V.S. Pathik criticized Tejawat:One thing, however, is certain and that is that it was beyond Moti Lal's intellectual capacity to lead the public on the right path...nobody, even a child, would ever recognize Moti Lal as having a political aim or status, nor was he connected with any political society. Tejawat's arrest and imprisonment. Tejawat had been outlawed by the Udaipur state, which had announced a Rs-500 reward on his head. Tejawat was arrested in Khedbrahma on June 4, 1929, by police belonging to Idar State, and handed over the Mewar State. Tejawat was held in Udaipur, without trial, until his release on April 23, 1939. Post-Eki Movement activities. In December 1939, Tejawat announced to the Agra newspaper "Sainik" his intention to proceed to the "adivasi" areas of Mewar; he was barred by state authorities from doing so. However, in spite of state opposition to his activities, Tejawat continued to tour "adivasi" areas to advocate social reform, and was arrested again in Kotra on January 24,1946. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=52096782

ECWA Women's Championship

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ECWA Women's Championship Professional wrestling women's championship The East Coast Wrestling Association Women's Championship (stylized as ECWA Women's Championship) was a women's professional wrestling championship in East Coast Wrestling Association. Title history. <templatestyles src="template:row hover highlight/styles.css"/> Notes. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58205537

International Society of Dermatopathology

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International Society of Dermatopathology Professional medical organization The International Society of Dermatopathology is a non-profit, international society for the discipline of dermatopathology which was founded in 1979. It is based in Half Moon Bay, California, US. It publishes a peer-reviewed journal, "The American Journal of Dermatopathology" (AJDP). It was founded by Helmut Kerl, MD; Gérald E. Piérard, MD; Jorge Sánchez, MD; and the late A. Bernard Ackerman, MD. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6140803

Can't You Hear Me Knocking

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Can't You Hear Me Knocking 1971 song by the Rolling Stones "Can't You Hear Me Knocking" is a track by English rock band the Rolling Stones from their 1971 album "Sticky Fingers". The track is over seven minutes long, and begins with a Keith Richards open-G tuned guitar intro. The main song lasts for two minutes and 43 seconds, after which it transforms into an extended improvisational jam. The entire track was captured in one take, with the jam being a happy accident; the band had assumed the tape machine had been stopped, and were surprised to find the entire session had been captured. Originally they were going to end the song before the jam started, but were so pleased with the jam that they decided to keep it in. Besides the regular Rolling Stones members Mick Jagger (vocals), Keith Richards (guitar), Mick Taylor (guitar), Charlie Watts (drums) and Bill Wyman (bass), the track also features conga player Rocky Dijon, saxophonist Bobby Keys, organist Billy Preston and additional percussion by producer Jimmy Miller. Composition and recording. The track featured Rocky Dijon on congas; tenor saxophonist Bobby Keys performs an extended saxophone solo over the guitar work of Richards and Mick Taylor, punctuated by the organ work of Billy Preston. At 4:40 Taylor takes over from Richards and carries the song to its finish with a lengthy guitar solo. Richards described writing the guitar riff: <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />"Can't You Hear Me Knocking" came out flying – I just found the tuning and the riff and started to swing it and Charlie picked up on it just like that, and we're thinking, hey, this is some groove. So it was smiles all around. For a guitar player it's no big deal to play, the chopping, staccato bursts of chords, very direct and spare. In 2002, Richards commented on the recording: <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />The jam at the end wasn't inspired by Carlos Santana. We didn't even know they were still taping. We thought we'd finished. We were just rambling and they kept the tape rolling. I figured we'd just fade it off. It was only when we heard the playback that we realised, Oh, they kept it going. Basically we realised we had two bits of music. There's the song and there's the jam. Taylor recalled in a 1979 interview: <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />"Can't You Hear Me Knocking"... is one of my favourites... [The jam at the end] just happened by accident; that was never planned. Towards the end of the song I just felt like carrying on playing. Everybody was putting their instruments down, but the tape was still rolling and it sounded good, so everybody quickly picked up their instruments again and carried on playing. It just happened, and it was a one-take thing. A lot of people seem to really like that part. Taylor added, "I used a brown Gibson ES-345 for 'Dead Flowers' and the solo on 'Can't You Hear Me Knocking'." Jagger noted in the Spotify Landmark interview on the album that the key was too high for his voice and that "I [did] lots of vocals, harmonies to sort of hide the fact that I didn't really hit the notes that great in the chorus bits." An early alternate take of the song (with dummy/placeholder lyrics) was released in June 2015 on the Deluxe and Super Deluxe editions of the reissued "Sticky Fingers" album. Accolades. In 2004, "Rolling Stone" magazine listed it at number 25 in "The 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time." "Mick Taylor had the biggest influence on me, without me even knowing it," remarked Slash. "My favourite Stones records were "Beggars Banquet", "Let It Bleed" and "Sticky Fingers"… One of the greatest Mick Taylor solos is 'Can't You Hear Me Knocking'. It's the kind of stuff that's almost like old Eric Clapton – it's very simple stuff, but it's about how the notes are placed and how you approach them." The Rolling Stones live performances. The number was part of the Rolling Stones' concert repertoire during their Licks Tour in 2002–2003 and A Bigger Bang Tour in 2005–2007. In these renditions, Jagger played a harmonica solo after Keys' sax solo, and Ronnie Wood performed the extended guitar solo. A live recording was released on the band's 2003 DVD set "Four Flicks" and on the 2004 concert album "Live Licks". It was also performed live during shows in 2013, with Mick Taylor appearing as a special guest with the band. Another live version was published on the release "Sticky Fingers Live - From The Vault", recorded on 20 May 2015 at the Henry Fonda Theater in Los Angeles, California, where the band played the entire "Sticky Fingers" album. Personnel. "Sticky Fingers". The Rolling Stones Additional musicians "Live Licks". The Rolling Stones Additional musicians References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8644308

Natalie Imbruglia discography

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Natalie Imbruglia discography The discography of Natalie Imbruglia, an Australian pop/rock singer, consists of six studio albums, one compilation album, one extended play, and seventeen singles. Imbruglia debuted in 1994 as an actress on the Australian soap opera "Neighbours". In 1996, she began composing songs and signed a recording contract with RCA Records in the United Kingdom. Imbruglia's debut album "Left of the Middle" was released in November 1997. The album reached number one on Australian albums chart and was certified platinum five times by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). On the UK albums chart, it reached number five and was certified triple platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). "Left of the Middle" sold over seven million copies and produced three top five singles. Her second album, "White Lilies Island", was released in November 2001. It reached number three in Australia and was certified gold. The album reached number fifteen in the UK and was certified gold. "White Lilies Island" produced three singles, two of which reached the top forty in Australia. "Counting Down the Days", her third album, was released in April 2005. It reached number twelve in Australia and number one in the UK. It produced two singles and was certified gold in the UK. "", a greatest hits collection, was released in September 2007. It reached number five in the UK and was certified gold. Since 1997, Imbruglia has sold over 10 million albums worldwide. Other appearances. These songs have not appeared on a studio album released by Imbruglia. References. Notes <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> General <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" /> Specific <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69795791

HMS Surface (P269)

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HMS Surface (P269)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54525426

O Come to the Altar

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O Come to the Altar "O Come to the Altar" is a song by American worship group Elevation Worship. It was released on February 24, 2017, as the lead single from their fifth live album, "Here as in Heaven" (2016). The song was written by Chris Brown, Mack Brock, Steven Furtick, and Wade Joye. The song peaked at No. 2 on the Hot Christian Songs chart, their highest-charting entry. It stayed there for a record total of sixteen weeks, blocked by Lecrae's "I'll Find You" and Hillsong Worship's "What a Beautiful Name". References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27283377

Alfred Horsford

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Alfred Horsford British Army general General Sir Alfred Hastings Horsford (1818 – 13 September 1885) was a senior British Army officer who went on to be Military Secretary. Military career. Born in Bath and educated at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Horsford was commissioned into the Rifle Brigade in 1833. He served in the Cape Frontier War in 1847 and was Commanding Officer of 1st Bn the Rifle Brigade during the 8th Xhosa War in 1852. He also served in the Crimean War and fought at the Battle of Alma, Battle of Inkerman, Battle of Balaklava and the early part of the Siege of Sevastopol. He served in the repression of the Indian Mutiny, having been made Commander of the 6th Brigade at the Capture of Lucknow. He was made Deputy Adjutant-General at Army Headquarters in 1860, a Brigade commander at Aldershot in 1866, Major-General on the General Staff at Malta in 1869 and General Officer Commanding South-Eastern District in January 1872. He went on to be Military Secretary in 1874. In retirement he was involved in an accident when Frederick Gye, Manager of the Royal Italian Opera, was assisting Horsford over a fence. Horsford's gun went off and shot Gye in the eye. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=122726

New Hampton, Missouri

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New Hampton, Missouri New Hampton is a city in southwest Harrison County, Missouri, United States. The population was 228 at the 2020 census. History. New Hampton was originally called Hamptonville, and under the latter name was platted in 1869 by Hampton Cox, and named for him. A post office called New Hampton has been in operation since 1881. Geography. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Demographics. <templatestyles src="US Census population/styles.css"/> 2010 census. At the 2010 census there were 291 people in 123 households, including 80 families, in the city. The population density was . There were 153 housing units at an average density of . The racial makup of the city was 95.5% White, 1.7% Native American, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.3%. Of the 123 households, 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.9% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 9.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.0% were non-families. 30.9% of households were one person, and 20.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.90. The median age was 38.1 years. 24.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.6% were from 25 to 44; 25.8% were from 45 to 64; and 17.9% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.1% male and 50.9% female. 2000 census. At the 2000 census there were 349 people in 142 households, including 92 families, in the city. The population density was . There were 170 housing units at an average density of . The racial makup of the city was 100.00% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.72%. Of the 142 households, 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 31.0% of households were one person, and 16.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.12. In the city the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.1% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males. The median household income was $32,917 and the median family income was $40,536. Males had a median income of $23,125 versus $16,136 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,450. About 4.4% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.2% of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=158799

Choline

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Choline Chemical compound and essential nutrient <templatestyles src="Chembox/styles.css"/> Chemical compound Choline ( ) is a cation with the chemical formula . Choline forms various salts, for example choline chloride and choline bitartrate. Chemistry. Choline is a quaternary ammonium cation. The cholines are a family of water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds. Choline is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine residue having three methyl groups attached to the same nitrogen atom. Choline hydroxide is known as choline base. It is hygroscopic and thus often encountered as a colorless viscous hydrated syrup that smells of trimethylamine (TMA). Aqueous solutions of choline are stable, but the compound slowly breaks down to ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, and TMA. Choline chloride can be made by treating TMA with 2-chloroethanol: The 2-chloroethanol can be generated from ethylene oxide. Choline has historically been produced from natural sources, such as via hydrolysis of lecithin. Choline in nature. Choline is widespread in nature in living beings. In most animals, choline phospholipids are necessary components in cell membranes, in the membranes of cell organelles, and in very low-density lipoproteins. Choline as a nutrient. Choline is an essential nutrient for humans and many other animals. Humans are capable of some "de novo" synthesis of choline but require additional choline in the diet to maintain health. Dietary requirements can be met by choline by itself or in the form of choline phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine. Choline is not formally classified as a vitamin despite being an essential nutrient with an amino acid–like structure and metabolism. Choline is required to produce acetylcholine – a neurotransmitter – and "S"-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a universal methyl donor. Upon methylation SAM is transformed into S-adenosyl homocysteine. Symptomatic choline deficiency causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and muscle damage. Excessive consumption of choline (greater than 7.5 grams per day) can cause low blood pressure, sweating, diarrhea and fish-like body smell due to trimethylamine, which forms in the metabolism of choline. Rich dietary sources of choline and choline phospholipids include organ meats, egg yolks, dairy products, peanuts, certain beans, nuts and seeds. Vegetables with pasta and rice also contribute to choline intake in the American diet. Metabolism. Biosynthesis. In plants, the first step in "de novo" biosynthesis of choline is the decarboxylation of serine into ethanolamine, which is catalyzed by a serine decarboxylase. The synthesis of choline from ethanolamine may take place in three parallel pathways, where three consecutive "N"-methylation steps catalyzed by a methyl transferase are carried out on either the free-base, phospho-bases, or phosphatidyl-bases. The source of the methyl group is "S"-adenosyl-L-methionine and "S"-adenosyl-L-homocysteine is generated as a side product. In humans and most other animals, de novo synthesis of choline is via the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) pathway, but biosynthesis is not enough to meet human requirements. In the hepatic PEMT route, 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) receives 2 acyl groups from acyl-CoA forming a phosphatidic acid. It reacts with cytidine triphosphate to form cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerol. Its hydroxyl group reacts with serine to form phosphatidylserine which decarboxylates to ethanolamine and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) forms. A PEMT enzyme moves three methyl groups from three "S"-adenosyl methionines (SAM) donors to the ethanolamine group of the phosphatidylethanolamine to form choline in the form of a phosphatidylcholine. Three "S"-adenosylhomocysteines (SAHs) are formed as a byproduct. Choline can also be released from more complex choline containing molecules. For example, phosphatidylcholines (PC) can be hydrolyzed to choline (Chol) in most cell types. Choline can also be produced by the CDP-choline route, cytosolic choline kinases (CK) phosphorylate choline with ATP to phosphocholine (PChol). This happens in some cell types like liver and kidney. Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferases (CPCT) transform PChol to CDP-choline (CDP-Chol) with cytidine triphosphate (CTP). CDP-choline and diglyceride are transformed to PC by diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (CPT). In humans, certain PEMT-enzyme mutations and estrogen deficiency (often due to menopause) increase the dietary need for choline. In rodents, 70% of phosphatidylcholines are formed via the PEMT route and only 30% via the CDP-choline route. In knockout mice, PEMT inactivation makes them completely dependent on dietary choline. Absorption. In humans, choline is absorbed from the intestines via the SLC44A1 (CTL1) membrane protein via facilitated diffusion governed by the choline concentration gradient and the electrical potential across the enterocyte membranes. SLC44A1 has limited ability to transport choline: at high concentrations part of it is left unabsorbed. Absorbed choline leaves the enterocytes via the portal vein, passes the liver and enters systemic circulation. Gut microbes degrade the unabsorbed choline to trimethylamine, which is oxidized in the liver to trimethylamine "N"-oxide. Phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholines are hydrolyzed via phospholipases to choline, which enters the portal vein. Due to their water solubility, some of them escape unchanged to the portal vein. Fat-soluble choline-containing compounds (phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins) are either hydrolyzed by phospholipases or enter the lymph incorporated into chylomicrons. Transport. In humans, choline is transported as a free molecule in blood. Choline–containing phospholipids and other substances, like glycerophosphocholines, are transported in blood lipoproteins. Blood plasma choline levels in healthy fasting adults is 7–20 micromoles per liter (μmol/L) and 10 μmol/L on average. Levels are regulated, but choline intake and deficiency alters these levels. Levels are elevated for about 3 hours after choline consumption. Phosphatidylcholine levels in the plasma of fasting adults is 1.5–2.5 mmol/L. Its consumption elevates the free choline levels for about 8–12 hours, but does not affect phosphatidylcholine levels significantly. Choline is a water-soluble ion and thus requires transporters to pass through fat-soluble cell membranes. Three types of choline transporters are known: SLC5A7s are sodium- (Na+) and ATP-dependent transporters. They have high binding affinity for choline, transport it primarily to neurons and are indirectly associated with the acetylcholine production. Their deficient function causes hereditary weakness in the pulmonary and other muscles in humans via acetylcholine deficiency. In knockout mice, their dysfunction results easily in death with cyanosis and paralysis. CTL1s have moderate affinity for choline and transport it in almost all tissues, including the intestines, liver, kidneys, placenta and mitochondria. CTL1s supply choline for phosphatidylcholine and trimethylglycine production. CTL2s occur especially in the mitochondria in the tongue, kidneys, muscles and heart. They are associated with the mitochondrial oxidation of choline to trimethylglycine. CTL1s and CTL2s are not associated with the acetylcholine production, but transport choline together via the blood–brain barrier. Only CTL2s occur on the brain side of the barrier. They also remove excess choline from the neurons back to blood. CTL1s occur only on the blood side of the barrier, but also on the membranes of astrocytes and neurons. OCT1s and OCT2s are not associated with the acetylcholine production. They transport choline with low affinity. OCT1s transport choline primarily in the liver and kidneys; OCT2s in kidneys and the brain. Storage. Choline is stored in the cell membranes and organelles as phospholipids, and inside cells as phosphatidylcholines and glycerophosphocholines. Excretion. Even at choline doses of 2–8 g, little choline is excreted into urine in humans. Excretion happens via transporters that occur within kidneys (see transport). Trimethylglycine is demethylated in the liver and kidneys to dimethylglycine (tetrahydrofolate receives one of the methyl groups). Methylglycine forms, is excreted into urine, or is demethylated to glycine. Function. Choline and its derivatives have many functions in humans and in other organisms. The most notable function is that choline serves as a synthetic precursor for other essential cell components and signalling molecules, such as phospholipids that form cell membranes, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and the osmoregulator trimethylglycine (betaine). Trimethylglycine in turn serves as a source of methyl groups by participating in the biosynthesis of "S"-adenosylmethionine. Phospholipid precursor. Choline is transformed to different phospholipids, like phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins. These are found in all cell membranes and the membranes of most cell organelles. Phosphatidylcholines are structurally important part of the cell membranes. In humans 40–50% of their phospholipids are phosphatidylcholines. Choline phospholipids also form lipid rafts in the cell membranes along with cholesterol. The rafts are centers, for example for receptors and receptor signal transduction enzymes. Phosphatidylcholines are needed for the synthesis of VLDLs: 70–95% of their phospholipids are phosphatidylcholines in humans. Choline is also needed for the synthesis of pulmonary surfactant, which is a mixture consisting mostly of phosphatidylcholines. The surfactant is responsible for lung elasticity, that is for lung tissue's ability to contract and expand. For example, deficiency of phosphatidylcholines in the lung tissues has been linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Phosphatidylcholines are excreted into bile and work together with bile acid salts as surfactants in it, thus helping with the intestinal absorption of lipids. Acetylcholine synthesis. Choline is needed to produce acetylcholine. This is a neurotransmitter which plays a necessary role in muscle contraction, memory and neural development, for example. Nonetheless, there is little acetylcholine in the human body relative to other forms of choline. Neurons also store choline in the form of phospholipids to their cell membranes for the production of acetylcholine. Source of trimethylglycine. In humans, choline is oxidized irreversibly in liver mitochondria to glycine betaine aldehyde by choline oxidases. This is oxidized by mitochondrial or cytosolic betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenases to trimethylglycine. Trimethylglycine is a necessary osmoregulator. It also works as a substrate for the BHMT-enzyme, which methylates homocysteine to methionine. This is a "S"-adenosylmethionine (SAM) precursor. SAM is a common reagent in biological methylation reactions. For example, it methylates guanidines of DNA and certain lysines of histones. Thus it is part of gene expression and epigenetic regulation. Choline deficiency thus leads to elevated homocysteine levels and decreased SAM levels in blood. Content in foods. Choline occurs in foods as a free molecule and in the form of phospholipids, especially as phosphatidylcholines. Choline is highest in organ meats and egg yolks though it is found to a lesser degree in non-organ meats, grains, vegetables, fruit and dairy products. Cooking oils and other food fats have about 5 mg/100 g of total choline. In the United States, food labels express the amount of choline in a serving as a percentage of daily value (%DV) based on the adequate intake of 550 mg/day. 100% of the daily value means that a serving of food has 550 mg of choline. "Total choline" is defined as the sum of free choline and choline-containing phospholipids, without accounting for mass fraction. Human breast milk is rich in choline. Exclusive breastfeeding corresponds to about 120 mg of choline per day for the baby. Increase in a mother's choline intake raises the choline content of breast milk and low intake decreases it. Infant formulas may or may not contain enough choline. In the EU and the US, it is mandatory to add at least 7 mg of choline per 100 kilocalories (kcal) to every infant formula. In the EU, levels above 50 mg/100 kcal are not allowed. Trimethylglycine is a functional metabolite of choline. It substitutes for choline nutritionally, but only partially. High amounts of trimethylglycine occur in wheat bran (1,339 mg/100 g), toasted wheat germ (1,240 mg/100 g) and spinach (600–645 mg/100 g), for example. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> Daily values. The following table contains updated sources of choline to reflect the new Daily Value and the new Nutrition Facts and Supplement Facts Labels. It reflects data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central, 2019. Dietary recommendations. Insufficient data is available to establish an estimated average requirement (EAR) for choline, so the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) established adequate intakes (AIs). For adults, the AI for choline was set at 550 mg/day for men and 425 mg/day for women. These values have been shown to prevent hepatic alteration in men. However, the study used to derive these values did not evaluate whether less choline would be effective, as researchers only compared a choline-free diet to a diet containing 550 mg of choline per day. From this, the AIs for children and adolescents were extrapolated. Recommendations are in milligrams per day (mg/day). The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommendations are general recommendations for the EU countries. The EFSA has not set any upper limits for intake. Individual EU countries may have more specific recommendations. The National Academy of Medicine (NAM) recommendations apply in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. Intake in populations. Twelve surveys undertaken in 9 EU countries between 2000 and 2011 estimated choline intake of adults in these countries to be 269–468 milligrams per day. Intake was 269–444 mg/day in adult women and 332–468 mg/day in adult men. Intake was 75–127 mg/day in infants, 151–210 mg/day in 1- to 3-year-olds, 177–304 mg/day in 3- to 10-year-olds and 244–373 mg/day in 10- to 18-year-olds. The total choline intake mean estimate was 336 mg/day in pregnant adolescents and 356 mg/day in pregnant women. A study based on the NHANES 2009–2012 survey estimated the choline intake to be too low in some US subpopulations. Intake was 315.2–318.8 mg/d in 2+ year olds between this time period. Out of 2+ year olds, only % of males and % of females exceeded the adequate intake (AI). AI was exceeded by % of 2- to 3-year-olds, % of 4- to 8-year-olds, % of 9- to 13-year-olds, % of 14–18 and % of 19+ year olds. Upper intake level was not exceeded in any subpopulations. A 2013–2014 NHANES study of the US population found the choline intake of 2- to 19-year-olds to be  mg/day and  mg/day in adults 20 and over. Intake was  mg/d in men 20 and over and 278 mg/d in women 20 and over. Deficiency. Signs and symptoms. Symptomatic choline deficiency is rare in humans. Most obtain sufficient amounts of it from the diet and are able to biosynthesize limited amounts of it via PEMT. Symptomatic deficiency is often caused by certain diseases or by other indirect causes. Severe deficiency causes muscle damage and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which may develop into cirrhosis. Besides humans, fatty liver is also a typical sign of choline deficiency in other animals. Bleeding in the kidneys can also occur in some species. This is suspected to be due to deficiency of choline derived trimethylglycine, which functions as an osmoregulator. Causes and mechanisms. Estrogen production is a relevant factor which predisposes individuals to deficiency along with low dietary choline intake. Estrogens activate phosphatidylcholine producing PEMT enzymes. Women before menopause have lower dietary need for choline than men due to women's higher estrogen production. Without estrogen therapy, the choline needs of post-menopausal women are similar to men's. Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (genetic factors) affecting choline and folate metabolism are also relevant. Certain gut microbes also degrade choline more efficiently than others, so they are also relevant. In deficiency, availability of phosphatidylcholines in the liver are decreased – these are needed for formation of VLDLs. Thus VLDL-mediated fatty acid transport out of the liver decreases leading to fat accumulation in the liver. Other simultaneously occurring mechanisms explaining the observed liver damage have also been suggested. For example, choline phospholipids are also needed in mitochondrial membranes. Their inavailability leads to the inability of mitochondrial membranes to maintain proper electrochemical gradient, which, among other things, is needed for degrading fatty acids via β-oxidation. Fat metabolism within liver therefore decreases. Excess intake. Excessive doses of choline can have adverse effects. Daily 8–20 g doses of choline, for example, have been found to cause low blood pressure, nausea, diarrhea and fish-like body odor. The odor is due to trimethylamine (TMA) formed by the gut microbes from the unabsorbed choline (see trimethylaminuria). The liver oxidizes TMA to trimethylamine "N"-oxide (TMAO). Elevated levels of TMA and TMAO in the body have been linked to increased risk of atherosclerosis and mortality. Thus, excessive choline intake has been hypothetized to increase these risks in addition to carnitine, which also is formed into TMA and TMAO by gut bacteria. However, choline intake has not been shown to increase the risk of dying from cardiovascular diseases. It is plausible that elevated TMA and TMAO levels are just a symptom of other underlying illnesses or genetic factors that predispose individuals for increased mortality. Such factors may have not been properly accounted for in certain studies observing TMA and TMAO level related mortality. Causality may be reverse or confounding and large choline intake might not increase mortality in humans. For example, kidney dysfunction predisposes for cardiovascular diseases, but can also decrease TMA and TMAO excretion. Health effects. Neural tube closure. Low maternal intake of choline is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects. Higher maternal intake of choline is likely associated with better neurocognition/neurodevelopment in children. Choline and folate, interacting with vitamin B12, act as methyl donors to homocysteine to form methionine, which can then go on to form SAM ("S"-adenosylmethionine). SAM is the substrate for almost all methylation reactions in mammals. It has been suggested that disturbed methylation via SAM could be responsible for the relation between folate and NTDs. This may also apply to choline. Certain mutations that disturb choline metabolism increase the prevalence of NTDs in newborns, but the role of dietary choline deficiency remains unclear, as of 2015.[ [update]] Cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Choline deficiency can cause fatty liver, which increases cancer and cardiovascular disease risk. Choline deficiency also decreases SAM production, which partakes in DNA methylation – this decrease may also contribute to carcinogenesis. Thus, deficiency and its association with such diseases has been studied. However, observational studies of free populations have not convincingly shown an association between low choline intake and cardiovascular diseases or most cancers. Studies on prostate cancer have been contradictory. Cognition. Studies observing the effect between higher choline intake and cognition have been conducted in human adults, with contradictory results. Similar studies on human infants and children have been contradictory and also limited. Perinatal development. Both pregnancy and lactation increase demand for choline dramatically. This demand may be met by upregulation of PEMT via increasing estrogen levels to produce more choline "de novo", but even with increased PEMT activity, the demand for choline is still so high that bodily stores are generally depleted. This is exemplified by the observation that "Pemt −/−" mice (mice lacking functional PEMT) will abort at 9–10 days unless fed supplemental choline. While maternal stores of choline are depleted during pregnancy and lactation, the placenta accumulates choline by pumping choline against the concentration gradient into the tissue, where it is then stored in various forms, mostly as acetylcholine. Choline concentrations in amniotic fluid can be ten times higher than in maternal blood. Functions in the fetus. Choline is in high demand during pregnancy as a substrate for building cellular membranes (rapid fetal and mother tissue expansion), increased need for one-carbon moieties (a substrate for methylation of DNA and other functions), raising choline stores in fetal and placental tissues, and for increased production of lipoproteins (proteins containing "fat" portions). In particular, there is interest in the impact of choline consumption on the brain. This stems from choline's use as a material for making cellular membranes (particularly in making phosphatidylcholine). Human brain growth is most rapid during the third trimester of pregnancy and continues to be rapid to approximately five years of age. During this time, the demand is high for sphingomyelin, which is made from phosphatidylcholine (and thus from choline), because this material is used to myelinate (insulate) nerve fibers. Choline is also in demand for the production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which can influence the structure and organization of brain regions, neurogenesis, myelination, and synapse formation. Acetylcholine is even present in the placenta and may help control cell proliferation and differentiation (increases in cell number and changes of multiuse cells into dedicated cellular functions) and parturition. Choline uptake into the brain is controlled by a low-affinity transporter located at the blood–brain barrier. Transport occurs when arterial blood plasma choline concentrations increase above 14 μmol/L, which can occur during a spike in choline concentration after consuming choline-rich foods. Neurons, conversely, acquire choline by both high- and low-affinity transporters. Choline is stored as membrane-bound phosphatidylcholine, which can then be used for acetylcholine neurotransmitter synthesis later. Acetylcholine is formed as needed, travels across the synapse, and transmits the signal to the following neuron. Afterwards, acetylcholinesterase degrades it, and the free choline is taken up by a high-affinity transporter into the neuron again. Uses. Choline chloride and choline bitartrate are used in dietary supplements. Bitartrate is used more often due to its lower hygroscopicity. Certain choline salts are used to supplement chicken, turkey and some other animal feeds. Some salts are also used as industrial chemicals: for example, in photolithography to remove photoresist. Choline theophyllinate and choline salicylate are used as medicines, as well as structural analogs, like methacholine and carbachol. Radiolabeled cholines, like 11C-choline, are used in medical imaging. Other commercially used salts include tricholine citrate and choline bicarbonate. Antagonists and inhibitors. Hundreds of choline antagonists and enzyme inhibitors have been developed for research purposes. Aminomethylpropanol is among the first ones used as a research tool. It inhibits choline and trimethylglycine synthesis. It is able to induce choline deficiency that in turn results in fatty liver in rodents. Diethanolamine is another such compound, but also an environmental pollutant. "N"-cyclohexylcholine inhibits choline uptake primarily in brains. Hemicholinium-3 is a more general inhibitor, but also moderately inhibits choline kinases. More specific choline kinase inhibitors have also been developed. Trimethylglycine synthesis inhibitors also exist: carboxybutylhomocysteine is an example of a specific BHMT inhibitor. The cholinergic hypothesis of dementia has not only lead to medicinal acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, but also to a variety of acetylcholine inhibitors. Examples of such inhibiting research chemicals include triethylcholine, homocholine and many other "N"-ethyl derivates of choline, which are false neurotransmitter analogs of acetylcholine. Choline acetyltransferase inhibitors have also been developed. History. Discovery. In 1849, Adolph Strecker was the first to isolate choline from pig bile. In 1852, L. Babo and M. Hirschbrunn extracted choline from white mustard seeds and named it "sinkaline". In 1862, Strecker repeated his experiment with pig and ox bile, calling the substance "choline" for the first time after the Greek word for bile, "chole", and identifying it with the chemical formula C5H13NO. In 1850, Theodore Nicolas Gobley extracted from the brains and roe of carps a substance he named "lecithin" after the Greek word for egg yolk, , showing in 1874 that it was a mixture of phosphatidylcholines. In 1865, Oscar Liebreich isolated "neurine" from animal brains. The structural formulas of acetylcholine and Liebreich's "neurine" were resolved by Adolf von Baeyer in 1867. Later that year "neurine" and sinkaline were shown to be the same substances as Strecker's choline. Thus, Bayer was the first to resolve the structure of choline. The compound now known as neurine is unrelated to choline. Discovery as a nutrient. In the early 1930s, Charles Best and colleagues noted that fatty liver in rats on a special diet and diabetic dogs could be prevented by feeding them lecithin, proving in 1932 that choline in lecithin was solely responsible for this preventive effect. In 1998, the US National Academy of Medicine reported their first recommendations for choline in the human diet. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

00002e9331b9d7dca078c30f6dedebf6797950eef4953d1e3ea192f6f45669fe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3610337

Out of Myself

eng_Latn

Out of Myself Out of Myself is the debut studio album by Polish progressive rock band Riverside, released on 21 September 2004. It was first released under The Laser's Edge and is the first album in the boxed set "Reality Dream Trilogy" which includes "Out of Myself", "Second Life Syndrome" and "Rapid Eye Movement". Acclaim and reviews. Riverside's debut full album "Out of Myself" was met with critical acclaim among progressive rock and metal reviewers. The album was described as "a rare thing of beauty" by MetalCrypt reviewer Bruce Dragonchaser. Boris at Metal Reviews stated that he was "lucky" to have "stumbled" on the album. "...one of the most treasured pieces in my collection", noted Ivor at Metal Storm. Album style. "Out of Myself" has been described as an "emotional musical journey", "powerful in a subtle way", with "slight elements of metal, arena rock, grunge, and even dub." At the same time, the album has been termed "the band's gentle first outing." Built on the strength of Mariusz Duda's bass guitar, the music also relies on a soaring atmosphere of Jacek Melnicki's keyboards and "long, weeping, long stretched high guitar notes" of Piotr Grudziński's lead guitar. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

000036fced8ec2ff4c7c4a85ce217111d868a38e10cc71af1c77ce3c5b99e417

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27969216

Monastir offensive

eng_Latn

Monastir offensive World War I offensive in the Macedonian front The Monastir offensive was an Allied military operation against the forces of the Central Powers during World War I, intended to break the deadlock on the Macedonian front by forcing the capitulation of Bulgaria and relieving the pressure on Romania. The offensive took the shape of a large battle and lasted for three months and ended with the capture of the town of Monastir. On an average depth of 50km, the Bulgarian First Army (from the end of September German Eleventh Army) gave battle on six occasions, being forced to retreat five times. Background. In August 1916, Romania chose to join the war effort on the side of the Entente and concentrated most of its forces for an invasion of Transylvania, leaving its 3rd army to guard the border with Bulgaria. The Russian and French proposals for a joint attack of the Romanian Army and the Allied Salonika Army against Bulgaria were no longer realistic. The Allies, however, still planned a large offensive in the Macedonian front for the middle of August to support Romania's entry into the war and pin down as many Bulgarian forces as possible. The Bulgarian High Command suspected an impending offensive, and the fighting around Doiran that erupted on 9 August only confirmed these suspicions. On their part, the Bulgarians had urged for an offensive in Macedonia since the beginning of the year, now planning to strike with the First Army and Second Army on both Allied flanks. The Germans also gave their sanction for the plan as the former army was part of Army Group Mackensen. On 17 August, the Chegan and Struma offensives began. On the left flank, the Bulgarian Second Army, meeting little resistance on its way, seized all the Greek territory up to the Struma river. On the right flank, the Bulgarian First Army captured Lerin and continued advancing in the face of stiffening Allied resistance. The advance soon bogged down, the offensive was called off on 27 August, and the Bulgarian forces were ordered to dig in. This pre-emptive strike, however, thwarted general Sarrail's plans and forced him to postpone his offensive. The need for an Allied attack against Bulgaria became even more urgent in early September 1916, as the Bulgarian Third Army under general Stefan Toshev and field marshal Mackensen achieved decisive victories against the Romanian and Russians in the battles of Tutrakan and Dobrich. Opposing forces. By September 1916, the Allies had gathered a substantial force of 6 Serbian, 5 British, 4 French, 1 Italian infantry division and 1 Russian infantry brigade for operations on the Macedonian front. The ratio strength of this army reached between 369,000 and 400,000 men. The battle strength was deployed in 201 infantry battalions with 1,025 artillery pieces and 1,300 machine guns. The Central Powers could initially oppose these forces with the Bulgarian First Army, German Eleventh Army and Bulgarian Second Army in total 172 infantry battalions, c. 900 artillery pieces. In addition, there was also the 10th Bulgarian Infantry Division and the forces protecting the Aegean coast from the river Struma to the border with the Ottoman Empire – 25 infantry battalions, 31 artillery batteries and 24 machine guns. General Sarrail planned to strike at the right wing and center of the overextended First Army with his Serbian, French, Russian and Italian forces and content himself with only demonstrative attacks against the Vardar valley and the Struma, that were to be conducted by the British to pin down as many Bulgarian and German troops as possible. The offensive. Opening phase. On 12 September, the Allies opened their offensive with a powerful two-day artillery barrage and an attack by the Serbian Third Army and the French Army of the Orient against the Bulgarian 8th Tundzha Infantry Division and colonel Tasev's reinforced brigade. The situation soon deteriorated for the Bulgarians, and on 14 September, they were forced to retreat towards Lerin, leaving behind some of their artillery guns and abandoning Gornichevo to the Serbians. On 12 September, the Serbians also began their first attack on the Kaimakchalan ridge. The British also became active on the Struma front and tried to expand their footholds on its right bank. The Bulgarian First Army's western flank now managed to hold the Allies on the Lerin – Kajmakcalan line. The Allies, however, continued their attacks, and on 23 September, after heavy fighting, the French entered Lerin. The Bulgarians were still holding on Kajmakcalan, where the 1st Infantry Brigade of the 3rd Balkan Infantry Division was attacked by a superior number of Serbian troops supported by heavy French artillery. The fighting was very costly for the attackers and the defenders, as the bare, rocky ridge provided almost no cover from the Bulgarian machine gun fire or the Allied artillery. The Bulgarian setbacks attracted greater attention from both the Bulgarian and German high commands, and soon, several vital changes in the command structure were made. On 27 September, General Kliment Boyadzhiev was replaced as commander of the First Army by General Dimitar Geshov. The army itself exchanged headquarters with the Eleventh Army of General Arnold von Winkler. This was followed by the arrival on the front of General Otto von Below and the establishment of Army Group Below on 16 October, which included both the Eleventh and First Armies. On 30 September, after 18 days of heavy fighting, the Serbian Drina Division finally captured Kajmakcalan from the exhausted 1st infantry brigade of the 3rd Balkan Infantry Division, achieving a breakthrough in the Bulgarian defensive line. The German and Bulgarian commands regarded the loss of the position and seven artillery guns as irreversible due to the lack of a capable artillery reserve. General Winkler ordered the 8th Tundzha Divisions, the 1st and 3rd brigades of the 6th Bdin Division and the 2nd Brigade of the 9 Pleven Division to withdraw to a new defensive position. The 1st Brigade of the 3rd Balkan Division was reorganized, and its depleted nine battalions were scaled down to five, with four mixed companies with seven mountain guns and a pioneer company. The new Kenali defensive line was occupied from Lake Prespa to Kenali by the three independent infantry brigades(9/2 IB, 2/6 IB and 1/6 IB), from Kenali to the heights east of the Cherna river by the 8th division and from there to the Mala Rupa peak by the 1/3 Infantry Brigade. Further to the east were the remaining forces of the Eleventh Army – the rest of the 3rd Balkan Infantry Division, whose positions remained unchanged since they were occupied on 25 July 1916. Secondary operations. Around that time, when it became clear that the Allies were pulling troops from the eastern flank and were concentrating them against Monastir, the commander of the Bulgarian Second Army General Todorov ordered the 7th Rila Division to take positions for an attack over the Struma river, to assist the hard pressed Bulgarians and Germans west of the Vardar. The Bulgarian high command, however, refused to permit the attack. This hesitation allowed the British to consolidate their positions on the left bank of the Struma around the village of Karacaköy on 30 September. On 3 October, the 10th (Irish) Division attacked the Bulgarian positions in the village of Yenikoy that were defended by the 13th Rila Regiment of the 7th Division. The battle lasted for the entire day, and the Bulgarians, reinforced by the 14th Macedonian Regiment and 17th Artillery Regiment, retook the village twice after a fierce bayonet struggle. During the night after a third and final attack, the Irish division occupied it. Casualties on both sides were heavy due to the accurate artillery and machine gun fire. After the battle, the Bulgarian 13th Regiment was reorganized to a three-battalion strength instead of the usual four battalions. After 4 October, the Bulgarians set up positions on the nearby heights to the east while the right flank of the 7th Rila division remained in the valley to protect the Rupel Pass. From this point on, no large operations were conducted on the Struma front until the end of the offensive. Prelude to decisive battle. A prime problem for the Bulgarians was that their army and resources were stretched to the limits from Dobruja to Macedonia and Albania. The Bulgarian high command turned to its German allies. The Germans themselves had few reinforcements to offer as the Brusilov offensive had taken its toll, and the Battle of the Somme was still raging. They turned to the Ottoman Empire and convinced Enver Pasha to send the 11,979 men of the 50th Division to Macedonia. In October, these forces took up position on the Struma and, a month later, were joined by the 12,609 men of the 46th Ottoman Division. The two divisions formed the XX Corps and remained in the region until May 1917, when they were recalled to Mesopotamia. This freed some Bulgarian forces that could now be directed to reinforce the Eleventh Army. In addition, the Ottoman Rumeli Detachment (177th Regiment) of 3,598 men was also attached to General Winkler's forces. On 30 September, General Joffre informed General Sarrail of the impending great offensive of the Romanian and Russian forces under General Averescu against the Bulgarian Third Army in Dobrudja and their expected crossing of the Danube between Ruse and Tutrakan. The Allied Army of the East commander planned to now use this by coordinating it with a renewed push against the Eleventh Army's Kenali line and eventually knocking Bulgaria out of the war. On 4 October, the Allies attacked the French and Russians in the direction of Monastir – Kenali, the Serbian First and Third Army along the Kenali – Cherna Loop line, the Serbian Second Army against the Third Balkan Division – in the direction of Dobro Pole. The Allies had 103 battalions and 80 batteries against the 65 battalions and 57 batteries of the Central Powers in the area. Fall of Monastir and end of the offensive. The Battle of the River Cherna opened with the Serbians trying to gain a foothold on its northern bank. Their progress was slow, and further west, the initial French and Russian attacks were repulsed. During the following weeks, the battle developed into a series of attacks and counter-attacks in which the Allies gradually gained ground, owing to their artillery superiority. The Bulgarian and German commands also tried to stabilize the situation by reinforcing the Eleventh Army with troops transferred from the First and even the Second Army. For the duration of the battle at the Cherna Loop, some 14 Bulgarian and 4 German infantry regiments participated actively in the fighting. The French and Russians achieved a breakthrough around Kenali by the end of October but were soon halted by the Bulgarians and Germans. The Italian division was also brought to the front and supported the attacks around Monastir. By this time, however, General Below had decided to abandon Monastir, and on 18 November, while the heavy fighting was still going on, General der Infanterie Winckler ordered the Eleventh Army to retreat to new positions to the north of Monastir. The Bulgarian commander in chief, General Nikola Zhekov, protested this decision, but in the end, he couldn't stop its execution. On 19 November, French and Russian soldiers entered the town. The Bulgarians established a new position on the Chervena Stena – height 1248 – height 1050 – Makovo – Gradešnica defensive line. It came under attack almost immediately, but this time the new position held firm because the Allies were exhausted, having reached the limits of their logistical capacity. Thus all French and Serbian attempts to break through the line were defeated, and with the onset of winter, the front stabilized along its entire length. On 11 December, General Joffre called off the offensive. Aftermath. For the duration of the offensive, the Allies suffered around 50,000 battle casualties, the bulk of them Serbians. In addition, some 80,000 Allied troops died or had to be evacuated due to sickness and disease. This brought the total casualties to as high as 130,000 men, or a third of all Entente forces in the theatre. The front was moved by only about 50km at a heavy price, and in the end, the offensive did not prevent the defeat of Romania or knock Bulgaria out of the war. The Bulgarians and German casualties totalled around 61,000 men, and even though Monastir had to be abandoned, the new positions a few kilometres to the north provided excellent conditions for defence, assuring the dominance of the Bulgarian artillery over the town. The line here remained intact until the end of the war in Macedonia when the forces occupying it had to retreat due to the breakthrough at Dobro Pole. However, the offensive also provided some satisfaction as the Serbian troops managed to return to their country's border. The Bulgarians and Germans alike were also satisfied with their resistance to the superior numbers of the Entente. General Nikola Zhekov went as far as to describe the Battle of the River Cherna as "legendary" in terms of the tenacity of the Bulgarian defence – "conducted without regard of casualties." Notes. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> References. <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />

0000379f92e38c8a5bdf2c404d5d52da8b87e0615f9266baf495952adb4d6b87

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69740807

Janet Adam

eng_Latn

Janet Adam Scottish potter and sculptor (1940–2021) Janet Adam (14 January 1940 – 1 September 2021) was a Scottish potter and sculptor. She was a founding member of the Scottish Potters Association and active in it for 47 years. Biography. Adam was born in Edinburgh on 14th January 1940, to Barbara Eunice Marindin and Captain Charles Adam, as one of four siblings. Adam attended West Heath Girls' School. After working as a secretary, she learned pottery on the Isle of Mull in the late 1960s. She moved to Edinburgh in the 1970s and was instructed in pottery through independent learning and a part-time course at Edinburgh College of Art. Adam first founded the Cannonmills Pottery in the 1970s on Warriston Road in Edinburgh. In 1983 the workshop moved to Henderson Row where it was named Adams Pottery. It served her and five other potters as a studio and workshop space. Adam's work was primarily based around making functional individual pieces of pottery. She was a founding member of the Scottish Potters Association and contributed to it for 47 years.

00003be7df4d484df070738312fa9f69ca3816576a760cc4df6bf5f3209f4748

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=71423001

Billy Harris (tennis)

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Billy Harris (tennis) British tennis player Billy Harris (born 25 January 1995) is a British tennis player. Harris has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 200 achieved on 20 December 2023. He also has a career high doubles ranking of No. 274 achieved on 10 April 2023. Harris has won one ATP Challenger doubles title at the 2022 Winnipeg National Bank Challenger with Kelsey Stevenson. Career. He reached his first singles Challenger final at the inaugural edition of the 2023 Challenger Club Els Gorchs in Las Franquesas del Valles, Spain as a qualifier where he lost to second seed Hugo Grenier. He made his ATP debut at the 2023 Sofia Open where as a qualifier he reached the main draw and defeated defending champion Marc-Andrea Huesler in the first round. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

00003c06083deca842d9e595a8da46face20ebfbe28db20bc10f4c1d2b523653

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56716185

Sonia Bunting

eng_Latn

Sonia Bunting Sonia Bunting, OLS (9 December 1922 – 24 March 2001) was a South African journalist, and a political and anti-apartheid activist. After being charged with treason and imprisoned, being detained a second time, and barred from publishing, she and her husband went into exile in London, where she joined the Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) and organised the World Campaign for the Release of South African Political Prisoners. When the African National Congress (ANC) ban was lifted in 1991, she returned to South Africa where she was involved in political activism until her death in 2001. She was posthumously honored by the government of South Africa with the Order of Luthuli in Silver in 2010. Early life. Sonia Beryl Isaacman was born on 9 December 1922 in Johannesburg, South Africa to Dora and David Isaacman. Her parents were Jewish exiles, who had fled from Eastern Europe to escape anti-Semitic pogroms. After her matriculation from her secondary education, Isaacman enrolled at the University of the Witwatersrand to pursue medical studies. In 1942, while studying at university, she joined the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA), the only multiracial political party in the country at that time. She began campaigning for universal suffrage and subsequently terminated her medical studies after completing one year of schooling. Career. Isaacman went to work in the offices of the SACP, where she met Brian Bunting, a young World War II veteran and fellow communist. In 1946, the couple married and they relocated to Cape Town, where their three children, Peter, Margaret and Stephen were born. Bunting continued working for the SACP there, and also began working at the Cape Town Peace Council as its secretary. When in 1950, Communism and the party were banned in South Africa, she began working at "The Guardian", a newspaper with communist ties. When it was banned and renamed "The Spark", and then subsequently banned and renamed "New Age", she continued working for the paper. Appointed as a member of the delegation led by Ahmed Kathrada to represent South Africa, at the 3rd World Festival of Youth and Students, she traveled to East Berlin in 1951. In 1953, the party reorganized under the name of the South African Communist Party (SACP), and Bunting was one of its founding members. In reaction to increased restrictive legislation passed by the pro-Apartheid government, she focused on political activity. As a white woman, she was in a unique position to speak out against racial oppression. She was invited as one of the platform speakers at the 1955 Congress of the People held in Kliptown, where the Freedom Charter was adopted. In 1956, Bunting, Kathrada, and 154 other activists were arrested and charged with high treason. The trial lasted until 29 March 1961, but Bunting was acquitted along with 91 others and returned to her home and children in October 1958. The year following her release, she was barred from attendance at meetings and forced to withdraw from twenty-six organizations with which she was affiliated. In March 1960 when the Sharpeville massacre occurred, Bunting was arrested again and held in the Pretoria Central Prison for more than three months. "New Age" was banned and closed in 1962, and all the journalists working there, which included Bunting, her husband, Ruth First and Govan Mbeki among others, were barred from publishing. She and her husband were placed under 24-hour house arrest for a five year period, making political activity impossible. The situation led the Buntings into deciding to leave South Africa for London in 1963. The exit visas for their exile stated that they could never return to South Africa. Upon arrival in London, Bunting joined the Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) and continued her political work with the SACP. When Nelson Mandela was arrested, the World Campaign for the Release of South African Political Prisoners was established with Bunting as its organizer. She mobilized efforts to place economic sanctions on South Africa and isolate the country from the world economy, as well as headed up the efforts to publicize the situation in South Africa and the plight of Mandela and other political prisoners. She has been widely credited and is most remembered for her role in organizing the campaign to save Mandela from the gallows when the Rivonia Trial took place. When the trial ended and the defendants were sentenced to prison, she continued to work for their release, through the only "operating office of the SACP in the world", which was headquartered at 39 Goodge Street, London. Simultaneously, in 1968, she began coordinating the publishing efforts of the "African Communist", the quarterly journal of the SACP, while working full time at the "Inkululeko Publications". For almost two decades, she engaged in all of these activities as well as speaking engagements aimed at a free South Africa and a world which recognized the human rights of people throughout the world. In 1991, after twenty-eight years in exile, the couple returned to Cape Town, when the bans against the SACP and the African National Congress (ANC) were lifted. Bunting served for the ANC in the campaigns of the 1994 and 1999 elections and was one of the founders of the Cape Town Friends of Cuba, continuing her political activities until her death. Death and legacy. Bunting died on 24 March 2001 in Cape Town. In 2010 she was honored by President Jacob Zuma with the Silver Order of Luthuli for her commitment to racial equality, human rights and nation-building efforts in South Africa. References. Citations. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> Bibliography. <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18087410

50th Birthday Celebration Volume 1

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50th Birthday Celebration Volume 1 50th Birthday Celebration Volume 1 is a live album by the Masada String Trio documenting their performance at Tonic in September 2003 as part of John Zorn's month-long 50th Birthday Celebration concert series. Reception. The Allmusic review by Sean Westergaard awarded the album 4.5 stars stating "From soloing to comping, bowing to pizzicato techniques, the set is dazzling from start to finish. Only "Malkut" and "Karet" are anything but beautiful, sounding like pieces left more open to free improvisation than the others, and allowing other facets of the players' abilities to come out. The Masada songbook has elicited a rather large number of truly excellent recordings from its various ensembles. Add this one to the list. Recommended." References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72670589

International Council on Social Welfare

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International Council on Social Welfare Social welfare organization The International Council on Social Welfare (ICSW) is a non-governmental organization whose activity is focused on undertaking research and organizing consultations for technical assistance and policy development aimed at improving social welfare, social justice and social development at the country and international levels.. History. The ICSW has its origins in 1928 when the International Conference on Social Work, its immediate predecessor, was born in Paris, with the aim of strengthening cooperation between various countries in promoting human welfare. The first Conference had a high proportion of women participating in its preparation and discussions, with nearly two-thirds of the attendees being women. Alice Masarykova, the President of the Czechoslovakian Red Cross, was elected as the first President of the International Conference on Social Work and René Sand became the first Secretary General. The International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW) and the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) also have their origins in the International Conference on Social Work. Moreover, the three participate in the publication of the journal "International Social Work" with SAGE Publications. Since its founding in 1928, ICSW has focused its activity on promoting social welfare, technical assistance and knowledge creation, both locally and globally. ICSW actively contributes to international debates and meetings on social welfare, such as the World Summit for Social Development held in Copenhagen in 1995, where strong leadership was proven; the United Nations Commission for Social Development (CSocD), which has among its main purposes the development and implementation of the Copenhagen Declaration and Programme of Action, with ICSW having consultative status with the CSocD; The Global Agenda for Social Work and Social Development (2010); or the 2022 Global People's Summit ICSW organisational structure. The main organs of the organization are the General Assembly, the Supervisory and Advisory Board, and the Management Committee. The General Assembly is responsible for adopting the four-year global program and the biennial budgetary framework, as well as electing the President, Vice President, Treasurer and two other members of the Management Committee. The term is for approximately four years. The current president (2020-2024) is Dr. Sang-Mok Suh, past president of the Korea National Council on Social Welfare and Minister of Health and Welfare in the Korean Government in 1993-95. The ICSW Executive Director position is currently occupied by Dr. Antonio López Peláez, Professor of Social Work and Social Services at the National Distance Education University (UNED), Spain. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16679931

Maksim Kabanov

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Maksim Kabanov Russian footballer Maksim Borisovich Kabanov (; born 30 December 1982) is a Russian former footballer. Club career. A youth product of FC Spartak Moscow, he joined FC Fakel Voronezh on loan in February 2002. In December 2003, he signed a 5-year contract with FC Torpedo Moscow. He played 2 games in the UEFA Champions League 2001–02 for FC Spartak Moscow. Personal life. He is the older brother of Sergei Kabanov. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41903986

Edward H. Ripley

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Edward H. Ripley American Civil War officer and Vermont businessman (1839–1915) Edward Hastings Ripley (November 11, 1839 – September 14, 1915) was a Vermont businessman and Union Army officer in the American Civil War. He attained the rank of brevet brigadier general while commanding brigades in the XVIII and XXIV Corps, and led the first troops to enter Richmond after its surrender. Early life. Edward H. Ripley was born in Rutland, Vermont on November 11, 1839. He was educated locally and at Troy Conference Academy in Poultney (later called Green Mountain College). He attended Union College from 1858 to 1862, and was a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity. Civil War. Ripley left college near the end of his senior year to join the Army, enlisting as a private in the 9th Vermont Infantry in May 1862. Union College continued him on its student rolls and awarded him a Bachelor of Arts degree as a member of the Class of 1862. He attained the rank of sergeant, and then was commissioned as a captain and appointed to command the regiment's Company B, which he led during action in the Shenandoah Valley Campaign in the summer of 1862, including the Siege of Suffolk, Virginia. He received promotion to major that summer. In September 1862 Ripley was among those taken prisoner at the Battle of Harpers Ferry. After he was exchanged in January 1863 he continued to serve with the 9th Vermont during action in Virginia and North Carolina throughout 1863. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in May 1863, and received promotion to colonel and command of the regiment a week later. He was subsequently appointed to command a military district in the area of Beaufort and New Bern, North Carolina. In August 1864 Ripley was promoted to brevet brigadier general and assigned to command 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XVIII Corps, Army of the James. He later commanded the 2nd Brigade, including action at the Battle of Chaffin's Farm and the Second Battle of Fair Oaks. Ripley was wounded twice, and was later assigned to command 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XXIV Corps, which was assigned to lead the Union troops into Richmond after the Confederate surrender, with orders to extinguish fires, prevent looting and maintain order. Ripley commanded the military district which included Richmond until the city's civilian government was restored at the end of the war. When Abraham Lincoln visited Richmond from April 4 to 7, 1865, Ripley became aware of an assassination plot and met with Lincoln to urge him to take increased precautions for his safety. Lincoln declined, stating that it was more important that he be seen among the people as a sign that hostilities were over, and that if someone was determined to assassinate him, increased security would not prevent it. Ripley mustered out of the service in June 1865. Post-Civil War. After the war Ripley returned to Vermont, also maintaining a residence in New York City. In partnership with his brother William he operated the Ripley Sons marble business until selling it to the Vermont Marble Company, which was operated by fellow Civil War veteran Redfield Proctor. Ripley built the Holland House Hotel in New York City, which was owned by members of his wife's Van Doren family, and was responsible for the construction and operation of New Jersey’s Raritan River Railroad. He was a founder of the United States and Brazil Steamship Line and served on its board of directors. In addition, he served as President of the Rutland Marble Savings Bank, and Vice President of the Rutland County National Bank. He also operated a successful horse breeding farm, with many of his animals being purchased for use in South America. The location of Ripley's farm is now the site of the Sugar & Spice restaurant and gift shop, a business which specializes in maple products. The burial site of the horse Ripley rode for most of the Civil War, "Old John", is preserved at the location. A Republican, Ripley held local offices for the town of Rutland. He served in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1886 to 1887, representing the town of Mendon. Ripley was active in the Reunion Society of Vermont Officers, and elected President in 1887 and 1904. He was also an active member of the Grand Army of the Republic and the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Ripley's awards included an honorary master's degree from Norwich University (1910) and one from Union College (1915). Edward Ripley spoke and wrote about his Civil War experiences, and his works included a speech which was subsequently printed in book form, "The Capture and Occupation of Richmond, April 3, 1865" (1907). In addition, his diary was published in 1960 as "Vermont General, The Unusual War Experiences of Edward Hastings Ripley", edited by Otto Eisenschiml. Death and burial. Ripley died in Rutland on September 14, 1915. He is buried in Rutland's Evergreen Cemetery. Family. In 1878 Edward H. Ripley married Amelia Dyckman Van Doren (1845–1931). They had two daughters: Alice Van Doren Ripley (1881–1948), the wife of Alexander deTrofimoff Ogden Jones (1878–1943), and Amelia Sybil Huntington (1882–1963), the wife of Raphael Welles Pumpelly. The Ripley daughters were married in a double ceremony in 1909. Edward H. Ripley was the son of William Young Ripley, a prominent Vermont businessman and banker, and Jane Warren Ripley. Edward H. Ripley's siblings included: brother William Y. W. Ripley, a Civil War officer who received the Medal of Honor; and half-sister Julia Caroline Dorr, a famous poet and the wife of Seneca M. Dorr. His sister Helen was the mother of John Ripley Myers. The writer Clements Ripley was the grandson of William Y. W. Ripley and the grand-nephew of Edward H. Ripley. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=353206

Benjamin Graham

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Benjamin Graham American financial analyst, investor, and professor Benjamin Graham (; né Grossbaum; May 9, 1894 – September 21, 1976) was a British-born American financial analyst, investor and professor. He is widely known as the "father of value investing", and wrote two of the discipline's founding texts: "Security Analysis" (1934) with David Dodd, and "The Intelligent Investor" (1949). His investment philosophy stressed independent thinking, emotional detachment, and careful security analysis, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing the price of a stock from the value of its underlying business. After graduating from Columbia University at age 20, Graham started his career on Wall Street, eventually founding Graham–Newman Corp., a successful mutual fund. He also taught investing for many years at Columbia Business School, where one of his students was Warren Buffett. Graham later taught at UCLA Anderson School of Management at the University of California, Los Angeles. Graham laid the groundwork for value investing at mutual funds, hedge funds, diversified holding companies, and other investment vehicles. He was the driving force behind the establishment of the profession of security analysis and the Chartered Financial Analyst designation. He also advocated the creation of index funds decades before they were introduced. Throughout his career, Graham had many notable disciples who went on to earn substantial success as investors, including Irving Kahn and Warren Buffett, who described Graham as the second most influential person in his life after his own father. Among other well-known investors influenced by Graham were Charles D. Ellis, John Neff and Sir John Templeton. Early life. Graham was born Benjamin Grossbaum in London, England, to Jewish parents. On his mother's side, he was the great-grandson of Rabbi Yaakov Gesundheit and a cousin of neuroscientist Ralph Waldo Gerard. He moved to New York City with his family when he was one year old. The family changed its name from Grossbaum to Graham to assimilate into American society and avoid anti-Semitic and anti-German sentiments. After the death of his father, who owned a successful porcelain shop, and the Panic of 1907, the family fell into poverty. That experience helped shape Graham's lifelong quest for investment values. Graham excelled as a student, graduating as salutatorian of his class at Columbia, finishing his studies in three-and-a-half years after entering at age 16. Before the end of his senior year, the college offered him teaching positions in three different departments: mathematics, English and philosophy. Graham chose instead to help support his widowed mother by taking a job on Wall Street, where he later ran private partnerships and, starting in 1936, the Graham-Newman fund. Early on, Graham made a name for himself with "The Northern Pipeline Affair", an early case of shareholder activism involving John D. Rockefeller. Graham's research indicated Northern Pipeline Co. held vast cash and bond assets that he believed were not being put to good use, and bought enough shares to force a proxy vote to distribute these assets to shareholders. Later, Graham patented two innovative hand-held calculators, wrote a Broadway play called "Baby Pompadour", and taught himself Spanish so he could translate a major Uruguayan novel, Mario Benedetti’s The Truce, into English. (By the end of his life, Graham knew at least seven languages.) Investment and academic career. His first book, "Security Analysis" with David Dodd, was published in 1934. In "Security Analysis", he proposed a clear definition of investment that was distinguished from what he deemed speculation. It read, "An investment operation is one which, upon thorough analysis, promises safety of principal and a satisfactory return. Operations not meeting these requirements are speculative." Warren Buffett describes "The Intelligent Investor" (1949) as "the best book about investing ever written." Graham exhorted the stock market participant to first draw a fundamental distinction between investment and speculation. Graham wrote that the owner of stocks should regard them first and foremost as conferring part ownership in a business. With that perspective in mind, the stock owner should be unconcerned with erratic fluctuations in stock prices, since in the short term the stock market behaves like a voting machine, but in the long term it acts like a weighing machine (i.e. its true value will be reflected in its stock price in the long run). Graham distinguished between defensive and enterprising investors. The defensive investor seeks to minimize the time and effort -- and, above all, the worry -- of investing. So the defensive investor seldom trades, renouncing the attempt to forecast market behavior and security prices, instead holding for the long term. The active investor, in contrast, is one who has more time, interest, and can devote the effort to original analysis seeking exceptional buys in the market. Graham recommended that enterprising investors devote substantial time and effort to analyze the financial state of companies. When a company is available at a discount to its intrinsic value, a "margin of safety" exists, which makes it suitable for investment. Graham wrote that "investment is most intelligent when it is most businesslike." By that he meant that investing, like running a business, is a systematic effort to maximize the likelihood of earning a reasonable return and to minimize the probability of suffering a severe loss. Thinking for yourself is vital: "You are neither right nor wrong because the crowd disagrees with you," Graham wrote. "You are right because your data and reasoning are right." Graham's favorite metaphor is that of Mr. Market, a fellow who turns up every day at the investor's door offering to buy or sell his shares at a different price. Usually, the price quoted by Mr. Market seems plausible, but occasionally it is ridiculous. The investor is free either to agree with his quoted price and trade with him, or to ignore him completely. Mr. Market doesn't mind this, and will be back the following day to quote another price. The investor should not regard the whims of Mr. Market as determining the value of the shares that the investor owns. The investor should profit from market folly rather than participate in it. The investor is best off concentrating on how the underlying businesses perform, not on how Mr. Market behaves. Graham was critical of the corporations of his day for obfuscated and irregular financial reporting that made it difficult for investors to discern the true state of the business's finances. He was an advocate of dividend payments to shareholders rather than businesses hoarding all of their profits as retained earnings. He also criticized those who advised that some types of stocks were a good buy at any price, because of the prospect of potentially unlimited earnings growth, without a thorough analysis of the business's actual financial condition. These observations remain relevant today. Graham's investment performance was approximately a ~20% annualized return over 1936 to 1956. The overall market performance for the same time period was 12.2% annually on average. Even so, both Buffett and Berkshire Hathaway vice chairman Charlie Munger have said they consider Graham's methods necessary but not sufficient for success in contemporary investing, because Graham placed too little emphasis on the potential for future growth. As Buffett told journalist Carol Loomis in 1988 for Fortune, "Boy, if I had listened only to Ben [and not also to Charlie Munger], would I ever be a lot poorer." Graham's largest gain was from GEICO, in which his Graham-Newman purchased a 50% interest in 1948 for $712,500. To comply with a regulatory limitation, Graham-Newman was ordered by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to distribute its GEICO stock to the fund's investors. An investor who owned 100 shares of the Graham-Newman fund in 1948 (worth $11,413) and who held on to the GEICO distribution would have had $1.66 million by 1972. Graham-Newman Corp. closed in 1956 when Graham retired from active investing. GEICO was eventually acquired in whole by Berkshire Hathaway in 1996, having previously been saved by Buffett and John J. Byrne in 1976. Personal life. Graham married three times and had four children. On September 21, 1976, Graham died in Aix-en-Provence, France, at the age of 82. Legacy. His contributions spanned numerous fields, primarily fundamental value investing. Graham is considered the "father of value investing," and his two books, "Security Analysis" and "The Intelligent Investor," defined his investment philosophy, especially what it means to be a value investor. His most famous student is Warren Buffett, who is consistently ranked among the wealthiest persons in the world. According to Buffett, Graham used to say that he wished every day to do something foolish, something creative, and something generous. And Buffett noted, Graham excelled most at the last. While many value investors have been influenced by Graham, his most notable investing disciples include Charles Brandes, William J. Ruane, Irving Kahn and Walter J. Schloss. In addition, Graham's thoughts on investing have influenced the likes of Seth Klarman and Bill Ackman. While some of Graham's investing concepts are now regarded as superseded or outdated, most are still recognized as important, and "Security Analysis" or "The Intelligent Investor" are required reading for new hires at many investment firms around the world. Graham also made contributions to economic theory. Most notably, he proposed a new basis for both U.S. and global currency as an alternative to the gold standard. Graham regarded this currency theory as his most important professional work; it gained renewed attention decades after his death in the aftermath of the 2007–2008 financial crisis. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=967892

Seosan

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Seosan Seosan () is a city in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea, with a population of roughly 175,000 according to the 2017 census. Located at the northwestern end of South Chungcheong Province, it is bounded by Dangjin City, Naepo New Town, Yesan-gun and Hongseong-gun on the east, Taean-gun and the Yellow Sea on the west, south of Seoul, northwest of Daejeon and northwest of Naepo New Town. Seosan is the hub of transportation of the west coast where the Seohaean Expressway, Daejeon-Dangjin Expressway, National Highways No. 29, 32, 38 and 45 intersect. Culture and tourism. Although Seosan itself is fairly quiet and attracts relatively few tourists, there are a number of minor attractions in the rural areas outside of Seosan, most of which can be accessed within twenty minutes by car, or in an hour by bicycle. Many of these historic sites are well-known only among the locals and often have few visitors, which can make them appealing to those wishing to escape the crowded palaces and temples of Korea's major cities. For an exhaustive list of tourist attractions in the Seosan-Haemi area, detailed English-language maps are available at the Seosan Intercity Bus Terminal. Haemieupseong Fortress (해미읍성). Located in Haemi-eup, approximately from Seosan (15 minutes by car or local bus; 45 minutes by bike), Haemieupseong Fortress is among the best preserved examples of Korea's Joseon-era fortress architecture, and unlike most Joseon-era fortifications, it was built on a flat plain rather than on a hill or mountain. Haemieupseong Fortress was completed in 1491 (22nd year of King Seongjong's reign), and surrounded the entirety of Haemi-eup at the time of its completion. The fortress was used as a military command post controlling the Chuncheong-do region, and provided defense against Japanese pirates along Korea's western coast. As the town of Haemi expanded in the early 20th century, much of the fortress was torn down to allow additional urban development, but a major restoration work was undertaken in 1973. Today, the South Gate of Haemieupseong Fortress is original, along with certain parts of the walls, while the other gates are reconstructions. Along with Yeosutgol, Haemieupseong Fortress is considered to be a Holy Ground among Korean Catholics due to the Byeongin Persecutions of 1866, during which many Catholics living in the Chuncheong area were killed at the fortress. Yeosutgol Holy Ground (해미순교성지). Approximately 200 meters from Haemieupseong Fortress is the Yeosutgol Holy Ground, where Korean Catholics were buried alive, drowned and otherwise killed en masse during the Byeongin Persecutions. Although most of the site's remains were washed away by flooding, some of them were rediscovered in 1935. The site now contains a large memorial hall devoted to those who were martyred for their faith, and is now a major Catholic pilgrimage site. Yeonghyeon-ri Rock-carved Buddha Triad (용현리 마애여래삼존상). During the Three Kingdoms Period (~ 57 BCE - 668 CE), the Seosan-Haemi area was under the control of the Kingdom of Baekje (백제), and although there are very few ruins from this period in the Seosan-Haemi area, the Yeonghyeon-ri Rock-carved Buddha triad is a phenomenal exception. Carved in either the late 6th or early 7th century CE, the carving consists of a Buddha standing on a lotus leaf, flanked by two Bodhisattva. Although this carving has been designated a National Treasure of Korea, it receives relatively few visitors due to its isolation. The carving is best viewed in the morning, when the entirety of the triad is illuminated by the rising sun, and is accessible by local buses from Seosan and Unsan-ri, or by a half-hour drive or ninety-minute bike ride directly from Seosan. Bowonsa (보원사지). Built during the Unified Silla Period (668 - 935 CE), this small temple contains an iconic Baekje-style Pagoda, as well as a number of monuments which were added when the temple was expanded during the Goryeo Dynasty (918 - 1392 CE), and is considered to be a National Treasure of Korea. Bowonsa is about 500 meters from the Yeonghyeon-ri Rock-carved Buddha Triad, and is a quiet place for relaxation and meditation. Gaesimsa (개심사). Built in 1484 (15th year of King Seongjong's reign), Gaesimsa is one of only a handful of wooden buildings in Korea which date past the 17th century. The temple houses an Amitabha Buddha statue carved in the 14th century, as well as a hanging mural painted in the 15th century, both of which have won Gaesimsa the title of National Treasure of Korea. At the temple's rear is a mountain path which links to the Aramegil Hiking Trails, and can be used to reach Bowonsa and Yeonghyeon-ri on foot within a 90-120 minute hike. Climate. As with most of South Korea, Seosan has a humid subtropical climate/humid continental climate ("Cfa"/"Dfa"). In spring, mild temperatures are accompanied by strong winds bearing dust from the Chinese mainland. This unpleasant dust is named Hwangsa (황사) or Asian Dust, and prompts many Seosanites to wear face masks when walking or cycling. Seosan and the surrounding area are quite beautiful in Spring, however, particularly in the mountains and in Seosan's Lake Park. In summer, the monsoon season lasts about three weeks in June or July, and is characterised by very strong winds and heavy rainfall, although the severity of both of these phenomena have been decreasing in recent years. Seosan may be affected by mild typhoons during the summer season, as was the case in 2010, when Seosan was damaged by typhoon 'Kompasu'. Fall typically begins in mid-September and temperatures begin to drop rapidly by November. Snow generally appears in late November or early December, and continues until late February or early March. With the exception of occasionally snow storms, snowfall is generally very mild and rarely causes inconveniences for local traffic. The average temperature in Seosan is 11.8 degrees Celsius. Education. Hanseo University, a private university established in 1992, has 8,500 students and 50 departments that are staffed by 250 full-time faculty members. It is located about south-east of Haemi-eup and can be reached in 15 minutes by a local bus from Haemi. The university provides courses in Chiropractic, a wide range of liberal arts, design, and engineering disciplines, and hosts aviation and flight-training schools. Transportation. Seosan is served by Express and Intercity buses. Under optimal conditions, Express buses can reach Seoul's Gangnam Terminal in approximately 90 minutes, but can take up to 2.5 hours in the event of heavy traffic. Express buses to Seoul's Gangnam Terminal depart every half-hour, while intercity buses to other locations depart every hour. Seosan does not have a railway station; the nearest station is Hongseong Station, on the Janghang Line, approximately south of Seosan. A number of local buses serve the Seosan-Haemi area, with a fare between 960 and 1450 won. Local Specialties. Seosan is renowned for its locally farmed oysters and garlic, as well as a number of specialty dishes including "gegukji" () and marinated blue crab with soybean sauce (). References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63636128

Old Town Hall, Swindon

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Old Town Hall, Swindon Municipal building in Swindon, Wiltshire, England The Old Town Hall is a former municipal building of 1854 in the High Street, Swindon, Wiltshire, England. It is a Grade II listed building. History. Until the construction of the town hall on the High Street, the town council had met in the "Goddard Arms" on the High Street. This small pub had been owned by the Goddard family since 1621 and was a small cottage alehouse known as the "Crown" until 1820. The "Goddard Arms" was used for public meetings in the early 19th century and was used in this way by Ambrose Goddard to report progress on the Wilts & Berks Canal. The town hall, which was designed by Sampson Sage and E Robertson in the neoclassical style, was completed in 1854. The main frontage has five bays separated by full-height Tuscan order pilasters, with arched windows on the ground floor, casement windows on the first floor and a pediment and roof lantern above. The building was extended to the northeast with a tower, as well as accommodation for a corn exchange at ground floor level, to the designs of Wilson and Willcox of Bath in 1866. A wine store was built on an adjoining site and its upper hall was used as a magistrates' court from 1871 to 1891. After civic functions transferred to the new town hall in 1891, the building became a roller skating rink in 1910, and a cinema known as the Rink in 1919. After the Second World War it was refurbished and re-opened as the Locarno Dance Hall. Performers at the dance hall included the singer, Cilla Black, in April 1964, followed by the rock bands, The Yardbirds in July 1964, The Who in October 1965 and the Small Faces in November 1965. The building subsequently served as a bingo hall but became vacant in the late 1970s. The building was acquired by bar owner, Gael Mackenzie, in 1999. Major fires occurred in the building in May 2003 and again in May 2004. In November 2016, Swindon council entered into a development agreement with Swindon Corn Exchange Limited, a business managed by housebuilder, Steve Rosier, under which Rosier agreed to pursue a development on the site. However, after no progress was made with the development and the building continued to decay, the Victorian Society added the structure to its list of most endangered buildings in September 2019. The council also threatened to use a compulsory purchase order to re-acquire the property in January 2020. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15189159

Lake Dive

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Lake Dive Lake Dive is located in the south east of the Egmont National Park at a height of 907 m above sea level. It was discovered in 1887 by Bradshaw Dive on his descent from the summit when he saw what he believed to be a lake. A party led by Thomas Dawson later confirmed that it was indeed a lake. In April 1964 the Lake Dive Hut was opened a short distance from the lake. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

0000513e47642d7d8fa347731fed12902eb609187453871ff97848c4999433f0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25246317

The Man I Want to Be (song)

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The Man I Want to Be (song) "The Man I Want to Be" is a song written by Brett James and Tim Nichols, and recorded by American country music artist Chris Young. It was released in November 2009 as the third single and title track from his album "The Man I Want to Be" (2009). The song is about the singer wanting to change who he is to make amends to a former lover. The song received positive reviews from critics who praised Young's vocal performance and James Stroud's production for saving the bland lyrics. "The Man I Want to Be" was Young's second of five consecutive number-one hits on the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart. It also peaked at numbers 48 and 81 on both the "Billboard" Hot 100 and Canadian Hot 100 respectively. The song was certified Platinum by the RIAA for selling over a million units in the United States. An accompanying music video for the song, directed by Chris Hicky, features Young at a bus stop making a call to God through a phone booth to help him find his former girlfriend. Content. "The Man I Want to Be" is a moderate up-tempo country song. The song's male narrator describes the kind of "man [he] wants to be." The first verse finds him realizing that he hasn't been the man he should ("I've spent my whole life gettin' it all wrong") and describing that he wants God's help to change. In the second verse, he longs to have his old lover back, and for him to be the perfect man for her ("I wanna be the kind of man that she sees in her dreams"). Critical reception. Juli Thanki of Engine 145 gave the song a "thumbs up," saying that while "some lyrics are a little too bland to be particularly moving," that "Young sells it, truly sounding as though he’s at the end of his rope and praying to anyone who’ll listen." Thanki also described Young's vocal performance as "slightly reminiscent" of Keith Whitley and "the best voice to hit commercial country since Josh Turner." Leeann Ward of Country Universe gave the song a B− rating, stating that while he "deserves lots of credit for a stellar vocal performance, solid contemporary country production and for being a generally inoffensive composition," the song itself has "lyrical and melodic weaknesses [that] are still impossible to overlook." In 2017, "Billboard" contributor Chuck Dauphin placed "The Man I Want to Be" at number one on his top 10 list of Young's best songs. Music video. The music video, which was directed by Chris Hicky, premiered on CMT on December 3, 2009. In the video, Young takes a seat next to a man waiting for a bus, who hands Young a quarter and advises him to make a phone call to God (rather than trying to call his girlfriend). Young then goes to a telephone booth, and while he makes his call, scenes of his former love interest lying in her bedroom are shown. A sign from God comes in the form of a large arrow in the bed of a passing pickup truck. He continues to follow signs, which lead him to a downtown coffee shop, where he meets his love interest on the sidewalk. The video ends with him making amends with her, while the man from the bus stop looks through the window of a passing Greyhound and smiles to himself. Chart performance. "The Man I Want to Be" debuted at number 58 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of November 28, 2009, and it debuted at number 98 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 chart for the week of March 27, 2010. On the chart dated May 22, 2010, "The Man I Want to Be" became Young's second consecutive Number One single. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32378417

Seat belt legislation in Canada

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Seat belt legislation in Canada Seat belt legislation in Canada is left to the provinces. All provinces in Canada have primary enforcement seat belt laws, which allow a police officer to stop and ticket a driver if they observed a violation. Ontario was the first province to pass a law which required vehicle occupants to wear seat belts, a law that came into effect on January 1, 1976. The laws by province. This table contains a brief summary of all seatbelt laws in Canada. This list includes only seatbelt laws, which often do not themselves apply to children; however, all provinces and territories have separate child restraint laws. A subsequent offense may be higher.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31438273

"V" Is for Vengeance

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"V" Is for Vengeance 2011 novel by Sue Grafton "V" Is for Vengeance is the 22nd novel in Sue Grafton's "Alphabet" series of mystery novels and features Kinsey Millhone, a private eye based in Santa Teresa, California, a fictional version of Santa Barbara, California. The novel, set in 1988, was released in the United States in November 2011. Plot summary. For the fourth straight novel in the Alphabet Mystery series, the viewpoint alternates between Millhone and other characters, principally Nora Vogelsang and Lorenzo Dante. The opening chapter, however, is told from the perspective of a well-to-do young man, Phillip Lanahan, who borrows money from Dante, misses the payback date, and then loses it playing poker in Las Vegas. Dante and his brother Cappi show up, and Dante agrees to take Phillip's Porsche as satisfaction of the debt. However, after Dante sends Phillip and Cappi up to look at the car, Cappi has thugs throw Phillip off the top of the parking garage to his death. In the main storyline, Millhone witnesses a woman shoplifting with a confederate inside the department store Nordstrom's. She tells a nearby clerk, who alerts store security, and they capture and arrest the woman, named Audrey, before she can escape. While this is going on, Millhone follows her confederate and is almost run over by her in the parking garage. Right after her release from jail, Audrey apparently commits suicide. Shortly thereafter, Millhone runs into a former boyfriend in the police department, Cheney Phillips, who is out for the evening with a vice officer, Len Priddy, and his much-younger girlfriend, Abbey. Len Priddy was a friend of Millhone's first husband and is a longtime enemy of hers. Priddy mocks the theory that Audrey was part of a shoplifting ring, but Audrey's boyfriend hires Millhone to investigate that theory. Meanwhile, Dante realizes that the police are closing in on his operation. Audrey had been head of his shoplifting operation, but Cappi murders her upon her release from jail because he believed she was about to turn them in. Dante believes that Cappi has been giving information to Priddy to set up his brother, so that he can take over. Nora, who has been drifting apart from her husband for the last three years (which we later learn began with the death of her son Phillip from her first marriage), learns that her lawyer husband is having an affair with his secretary. She decides to sell some jewelry to provide her with enough money to be able to leave her husband. She is referred to Dante, who is instantly drawn to her and offers her more than fair value for the ring. Against her better judgement she agrees to meet Dante, who becomes fascinated by Nora and all that she represents. Kinsey, still investigating the death of Audrey, has a sudden flash of inspiration from an offhanded comment by her client; she returns to the department store to view the video footage and notices a bumper sticker on the car which had almost run her down. This leads her to the accomplice. She discovers after trailing her for several days that she is the drop off person who deposits stolen goods into a fake charity's drop off box. The bags are then picked up minutes later by a truck that takes them to Dante's warehouse for distribution to various second hand stores around Southern California. When Kinsey gives Cheney a copy of her findings thus far, he tells her to back off as she could be endangering the life of a confidential informant. This causes her to do the exact opposite. She investigates further and slowly peels back the layers of the syndicate. Her old friend Pinky Ford (the man who gave her her first set of lock picks) comes to her office and asks her to hold on to some photos for him. Kinsey refuses. Later Lt. Priddy comes to the office looking for the photos and threatens Kinsey physically. She manages to track down Pinky and find out that the photos are blackmail material that Priddy has been using to get information from Pinky about Dante's operation. Pinky leaves Kinsey's care and returns home. Kinsey tracks Pinky to his home, to find Cappi holding Pinky's wife hostage. Cappi orders Kinsey to burn the photos and the negatives in the fireplace. Cappi leaves without harming anyone further, but an enraged Pinky gets his shotgun from the closet and follows him out to the street and shoots at him, but misses Cappi completely. Cappi fires off a couple of rounds that seem to miss everyone, and he flees the scene. When Kinsey and Pinky go back into the house, they see that his wife has been shot. She is taken to the hospital, where Pinky worries about how they can afford her treatment. Kinsey tracks down Dante at his office, where she tells him what has happened. Dante takes the time to set up an account at the hospital to take care of Pinky's wife, even though he is in the middle of preparing to leave the country. After feeding bad information to his brother Cappi, whom he suspected of leaking information to Priddy, Dante had tried to convince Nora to join him. He confessed that it was because of him that her son had been murdered, but that it was done without his knowledge or consent. He explained his motivation for lending Phillip the money and gave her the details of his trip. He leaves hoping that she will join him. On the day that Dante had told Cappi the computer records would be wiped out, Pinky's wife dies from her gunshot wound. Kinsey goes to Dante's warehouse to try to keep Pinky from killing Cappi, and sees federal authorities preparing to raid the warehouse. Looking for Pinky at the warehouse, she encounters Dante again. When the raid begins, Pinky is wounded in the leg by Cappi, who is eventually shot by police. Dante punches Kinsey in the face, knocking her out and preventing her from getting between Cappi and Pinky and possibly being shot herself. He then disappears into the maze of tunnels under the warehouse. He is picked up by his real secretary and makes it to the airport, where he has chartered a flight out of the country. Just as his plane is taxiing away from the gate, Nora arrives and leaves with him. Weeks later Dante's secretary comes to Kinsey's office to give her an envelope full of cash to make up for Dante punching her in the face, and also as payment for a job he wants her to do for him. Dante had recorded a conversation with Priddy that would implicate him in trying to gain control of Dante's operations, and which would put him in prison. Wary of contacting the proper authorities who might bury the information and never go after Priddy, Kinsey calls a 'gung ho' reporter who she knows will publish the story, after which the authorities will have no choice but to arrest and prosecute Priddy. Title. In late-April 2010, Grafton reported being "around 100 pages into [writing] it [this novel]" and that she "hasn't glommed onto a title yet". The book's title was officially announced on the author's Facebook page on April 8, 2011. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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Lazar Krestin

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Lazar Krestin Lazar Krestin (10 September 1868, Kaunas – 28 February 1938, Vienna) was an artist famous in the German art world for Judaic genre scenes and his many sober portraits of Eastern European Jews. He was also a noted Zionist. His father was a Talmud teacher. His first lessons were at the drawing school in Vilnius, followed by studies at the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna and the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich and he was one of the most prominent students of Isidor Kaufmann. He worked in Munich, Vienna and Odessa before going to Jerusalem in 1910 at the request of Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design founder, Boris Schatz. He later returned to Vienna and is buried in the Zentralfriedhof.

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St. Gabriel's Episcopal Church (Titusville, Florida)

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St. Gabriel's Episcopal Church (Titusville, Florida) Historic church in Florida, United States St. Gabriel's Episcopal Church is a historic Carpenter Gothic church in Titusville, Florida, United States. The church was built in 1887 on donated land and is located at 414 Pine Avenue. On December 5, 1972, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. It is part of the Episcopal Diocese of Central Florida References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47283232

1983–84 National Football League (Ireland)

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1983–84 National Football League (Ireland) The 1983–84 National Football League was the 53rd staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland. Kerry defeated Galway in the final, Mikey Sheehy scoring 1-5. Format. Four divisions of 8 teams: each team plays all the other teams in its division once, earning 2 points for a win and 1 for a draw. Tie-breakers are played to separate teams (if necessary for promotion, relegation or knockout places). The top two teams in Divisions 2, 3 and 4 are promoted. The bottom two teams in Divisions 1, 2 and 3 are relegated. The NFL title is awarded after a knockout stage. Eight teams progress to the quarter-finals: References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19263458

United States admiralty law

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United States admiralty law Body of legal rules that governs ships and shipping Admiralty law in the United States is a matter of federal law. Jurisdiction. In the United States, the federal district courts have jurisdiction over all admiralty and maritime actions; see  § 1333. In recent years, a non-historically-based conspiracy argument used by tax protesters is that an American court displaying an American flag with a gold fringe is in fact an "admiralty court" and thus has no jurisdiction. Courts have repeatedly dismissed this as frivolous. In United States v. Greenstreet, the court summarized their finding to this argument with, "Unfortunately for Defendant Greenstreet, decor is not a determinant for jurisdiction." Applicable law. A state court hearing an admiralty or maritime case is required to apply the admiralty and maritime law, even if it conflicts with the law of the state, under a doctrine known as the "reverse-"Erie" doctrine." The "Erie" doctrine, derived from "Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins", directs that federal courts hearing state actions must apply state law. The "reverse-"Erie" doctrine" directs that state courts hearing admiralty cases must apply federal admiralty law. This distinction is critical in some cases. For instance, U.S. maritime law recognizes the concept of joint and several liability among tortfeasors, while many states do not. Under joint and several liability, where two or more people create a single injury or loss, all are equally liable, even if they contributed only a small amount. A state court hearing an admiralty case would be required to apply the doctrine of joint and several liability even if state law does not contemplate the concept. Limitation of shipowner’s liability. One of the unique aspects of maritime law is the ability of a shipowner to limit its liability to the value of a ship after a major accident. An example of the use of the Limitation Act is the sinking of the RMS "Titanic" in 1912. Even though the "Titanic" had never been to the United States, upon her sinking the owners rushed into the federal courts in New York to file a limitation of liability proceeding. The Limitation Act provides that if an accident happens due to a circumstance which is beyond the "privity and knowledge" of the ship's owners, the owners can limit their liability to the value of the ship after it sinks. After the "Titanic" sank, the only portions of the ship remaining were the 14 lifeboats, which had a collective value of about $3,000. This was added to the "pending freight"—which means the ship's earnings from the trip from both passenger fares and freight charges—to reach a total liability of about $91,000. The cost of a first-class, parlor suite ticket was over $4,350. The owners of the "Titanic" were successful in showing that the sinking occurred without their privity and knowledge, and therefore, the families of the deceased passengers, as well as the surviving passengers who lost their personal belongings, were entitled only to split the $91,000. Another example was when Transocean filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas in 2010 to limit its liability to just its interest in the "Deepwater Horizon" which it valued at $26,764,083. This was in the wake of billions of dollars liabilities resulting from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill that followed the sinking. The Limitation Act does not apply just to large ships. It can be used to insulate a motorboat owner from liability when he loans his boat to another who then has an accident. Even jet ski owners have been able to successfully invoke the Limitation Act to insulate themselves from liability. An unusual application involved the case Grubart v. Great Lakes Dredge and Dock Company, where a vessel performing piling operations in the Chicago River punctured a tunnel and caused the 1992 Chicago flood of many underground areas of the city’s downtown; the courts ruled that the vessel was in navigable waters covered by the admiralty law limitation clause. Many shipping contracts include "safe berth" clauses that assure that the area around the intended dock is clear for the arriving vessel. This has been determined by the Supreme Court to be a warranty of safety from the entity requesting the shipping, placing the burden of clearing the area and any subsequently liability for failure to do so on that entity rather than the vessel owner, as determined in the 2020 case "CITGO Asphalt Refining Co. v. Frescati Shipping Co." resulting from the oil spill on the Delaware River in 2004. Cargo claims. Claims for damage to cargo shipped by ocean carrier in international commerce into and out of the United States are governed by the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA), which is the U.S. enactment of the Hague Rules. One of its key features is that a carrier is liable for cargo damaged from "hook to hook," meaning from loading to discharge, unless it is exonerated under one of 17 exceptions to liability, such as an "act of God," the inherent nature of the goods, errors in navigation, and management of the ship. A shipowner is generally entitled to limit its liability to $500 per package, unless the value of the contents is disclosed and marked on the container. There is significant litigation as to what constitutes a "package" for purposes of determining liability under COGSA. This practice has resulted in substantial and continuing litigation in the United States. Federal Courts in the United States, however, are reluctant to treat an ocean shipping container as a single COGSA package. The statute of limitations on cargo claims is one year. Personal injuries to seamen. Seamen injured aboard ship have three possible sources of compensation: the principle of maintenance and cure, the doctrine of unseaworthiness, and the Jones Act. The principle of maintenance and cure requires a shipowner to both pay for an injured seaman's medical treatment until maximum medical recovery (MMR) is obtained and provide basic living expenses until completion of the voyage, even if the seaman is no longer aboard ship. The seaman is entitled to maintenance and cure as of right, unless he was injured due to his own willful gross negligence. It is similar in some ways to workers' compensation. The doctrine of unseaworthiness makes a shipowner liable if a seaman is injured because the ship, or any appliance of the ship, is "unseaworthy," meaning defective in some way. The Jones Act allows a sailor, or one in privity to him, to sue the shipowner in tort for personal injury or wrongful death, with trial by jury. The Jones Act incorporates the Federal Employers Liability Act (FELA), which governs injuries to railway workers, and is similar to the Coal Miners Act. A shipowner is liable to a seaman in the same way a railroad operator is to its employees who are injured due to the negligence of the employer. The statute of limitation is three years. Not every worker injured on board a vessel is a "seaman" entitled to the protections offered by the Jones Act, doctrine of unseaworthiness, and principle of maintenance and cure. To be considered a seaman, a worker must generally spend 30% or more of his working hours onboard either a specific vessel or a fleet of vessels under common ownership or control. With few exceptions, all non-seamen workers injured over navigable waters are covered instead by the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act,  §§ 901–950, a separate form of workers' compensation. Emergency Expenditures. In the United States, U.S. individuals "evacuated on US government-coordinated transport, including charter and military flights or ships, even if those transports are provided by another country's government, must sign an Evacuee Manifest and Promissory Note (Form DS-5528) note prior to departure." This note is used as a reference, which is later used to issue a bill to these evacuees for the maximum practical reimbursement. Evacuees taking coordinated U.S. government transportation are required by law to pay the cost of reasonable commercial transport fare to the destination that was designated prior to the incident that resulted in the need for evacuation. There is an option for a repatriation loan program, which is issued by the Secretary of State in regards to 11 different requirements, including requiring a verifiable address and social security number and a written agreement with a repayment schedule from the borrower. The payment of the loan should be issued to the U.S. Department of State through the Comptroller and Global Financial Services office, in full and on time. Therefore, avoiding interest payments and other legal penalties, including the prevention of renewal or issuance of a U.S. passport. Agony of collision. The "agony of collision" is a defense to a statutory claim of negligence in ship collisions.

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The Tunnel (short story)

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The Tunnel (short story) "The Tunnel" is a 1952 short story by Friedrich Dürrenmatt. It belongs to the most important works of Dürrenmatt and is a classic among the surrealistic short stories. With the beginning of the story, Dürrenmatt parodies Thomas Mann. The first sentence is very long and nested. Furthermore, Dürrenmatt's student is in a train and likes cigars – just like the young man in "The Magic Mountain (Der Zauberberg)". Synopsis. The story follows a 24-year-old student who boards his usual train to reach his university. However, when the train enters a small tunnel, it doesn't end. The darkness continues for an extended period of time, causing the student to become nervous. Despite the imminent danger, the other passengers remain calm. The student seeks out the train conductor for answers, but initially receives evasive responses. Eventually, the conductor leads the student to the empty locomotive and reveals that the engineer had already jumped when he realized what was happening to the train. After a failed attempt to pull the emergency brake, the train accelerates and tips into an abyss. The falling student lands on the front glass of the still falling locomotive, where he stares into the oncoming darkness. The train conductor asks what they should do, but the student responds with "Nothing (...) God let us fall. And now we'll come upon him." Dürrenmatt later abridged the ending, omitting the last two sentences and ending the story with the word "Nothing". Interpretation. The racing train could be interpreted as every life that inescapably approaches a catastrophe (death, the unknown). Terror can be breaking in a life without warning, and the people hide themselves behind banality. The last sentence of the story interprets this terror as the will of God, but that does not make the terror clearer. Another interpretation is the story is a social commentary on the ignorance of society in the face of imminent disaster, as people place unquestioning trust in leaders without concern for where they are being led. The last sentence spoken by the student comments on the fall of the ultimate authority figure, God, and how placing trust in falsely constructed authority will only result in the downfall of society.

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Into The Fight 2018

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Into The Fight 2018 2018 DDT Pro-Wrestling event Into The Fight 2018 was a professional wrestling event promoted by DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT). It took place on February 25, 2018, in Tokyo, Japan, at the Korakuen Hall. The event aired domestically on and AbemaTV, and globally on DDT Universe, DDT's video-on-demand service. Storylines. Into The Fight 2018 featured eight professional wrestling matches involving wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. Event. During the event, "Shuten-dōji" (Kudo, Yukio Sakaguchi and Masahiro Takanashi) retained the KO-D 6-Man Tag Team Championship by defeating the team of Ryuichi Sekine, Ryota Nakatsu and Fuminori Abe from Pro-Wrestling Basara, a sub-brand of DDT. In the next match, Yuko Miyamoto defended the DDT Extreme Division Championship against Shunma Katsumata in a hardcore match dubbed "Hardcore ＋ α". In this match, various weapons were placed around the ring and each competitor could choose an extra weapon to bring. Miyamoto chose a baseball bat coated in barbed wire, while Katsumata chose a box of thumbtacks. The next match saw the participation of Naomichi Marufuji from Pro Wrestling Noah. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=65813810

Martha Naset

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Martha Naset American pianist Martha Ruth Naset (1947 – 22 August 1994) was an American pianist. Biography. Martha Ruth Naset was born in Madison, Dane County, Wisconsin, USA. She received her Masters and Doctor of Musical Arts degrees from the University of Michigan, where she studied with György Sándor. Naset made her European debut in 1977 playing with the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra. That same year she made her debut recording (with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra), which included the "Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini" and other works by Sergei Rachmaninoff. She died on 22 August 1994 at Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1042154

Nissan Fairlady Z (S30)

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Nissan Fairlady Z (S30) Japanese sports car produced 1969 to 1978 The Nissan S30, sold in Japan as the Nissan Fairlady Z and in other markets as the Datsun 240Z, then later as the 260Z and 280Z, is a grand tourer produced by Nissan from 1969 until 1978. The S30 was conceived of by Yutaka Katayama, the President of Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A., and designed by a team led by Yoshihiko Matsuo, the head of Nissan's Sports Car Styling Studio. It is the first car in Nissan's Z series of sports cars. Aiming to compete directly with established European sports cars, Datsun priced the new 240Z within $200 of the British MGB-GT in the United States, a five-year-old design that showed its age. The 240Z's styling, engineering, relatively low price, and impressive performance resonated with the public, received a positive response from both buyers and the motoring press, and immediately generated long waiting lists. As a halo car, the 240Z broadened the acceptance of Japanese car-makers beyond their economy image. Datsun's growing dealer network—compared to limited production imported sports cars manufactured by Jaguar, BMW, Porsche, Alfa Romeo, and Fiat—ensured both easy purchase and ready maintenance. All variants of the S30 have four-wheel independent suspension consisting of MacPherson struts in the front (borrowed from the Nissan Laurel C30) and Chapman struts in the back. Front disc brakes and rear drums were standard. The 240Z used twin SU-style Hitachi one-barrel side-draft carburettors. These were replaced on the 260Z with Hitachi one-barrel side-draft carburettors beginning with model year 1973 to comply with emissions regulations, resulting in diminished overall performance. A Bosch-designed L-Jetronic electronic fuel injection was added to US market 280Zs in 1975 to compensate. Continuing through the 1975–1978 model years, markets outside of the United States (and Japan, which only offered the 2-liter engine from 1974) still received the 260Z coupé and 2+2. The S30 240Z is unrelated to the later 240SX, which is sold as the Silvia in Japan. <templatestyles src="Template:TOC limit/styles.css" /> Fairlady Z. The Fairlady Z was introduced in late 1969 as a 1970 model, with the L20 2.0-liter straight-six SOHC engine, rear-wheel drive, and a stylish coupe body. In Japanese specs the engine, based on the Datsun 510's four-cylinder, produced JIS and came with a four- or a five-speed manual transmission. For 1973, power of the carburetted engine dropped to to meet stricter regulations. In Japan, the Fairlady was exclusive to Nissan Japanese dealerships called "Nissan Bluebird Stores". Japanese buyers could also get the L24-engined Fairlady 240Z model (HS30), although the larger engine placed it in a considerably higher tax category. The Japanese-spec 2.4-liter engine produces a claimed JIS at 5,600 rpm but was discontinued in 1973 as sales had dropped considerably as a result of the fuel crisis, and so until the August 1978 introduction of the Fairlady 280Z only two-liter Fairladys were available. When export models changed over to the larger 2.6-liter 260Z in 1974, only 2-liter models remained available to Japanese buyers. A Fairlady 260Z had been planned for release, but the impact of the oil crisis stopped the model, although the 260Z was available in Okinawa (which drove on the right side of the road until 1978). The Fairlady Z received all the changes as applied to the export models, including the addition of a long-wheelbase 2+2 model. Introduced in January 1974, this received the GS30 chassis code. In 1975 the L20 engine gained fuel injection to meet new emissions standards (A-S30, A-GS30) and once again provided JIS. At the end of July 1976 the car received the NAPS system, including an EGR system, to meet the stricter yet emissions standards in effect for this year, bringing with it a change in model codes to S31 (C-S31/C-GS31). At the same time, the more luxurious Fairlady Z-T model was introduced - this was strictly an equipment level and did not include a T-bar roof, which was first seen on the succeeding generation Fairlady. Fairlady ZG. The Japan-only HS30-H Nissan Fairlady 240ZG was released in Japan in October 1971 to homologate the 240Z for Group 4 racing. Differences between the Fairlady ZG and an export-market Datsun 240Z include an extended fiberglass "aero-dyna" nose, wider over-fenders riveted to the body, a rear spoiler, acrylic glass headlight covers and fender-mounted rear-view mirrors. The ZG's better aerodynamics allowed it to reach a top speed of , five more than the regular Fairlady 240Z (automatics' top speeds were another 5 km/h lower). The Fairlady ZG was available in three colors: Grand Prix Red, Grand Prix White, and Grand Prix Maroon. The "G" in Fairlady ZG stands for "Grande." Although the ZG was not sold in the US and was never sold outside Japan, in order for it to be eligible for competition in the US, Nissan sold the nose kit as a dealer's option which is known as the "G-nose". With the nose added, these 240Zs are often referred to as 240ZGs outside of Japan. Fairlady Z432. Packaging the S20 engine (originally designed by the former Prince engineers) from the Skyline GT-R created a faster Fairlady. "Z432" referred to 4 valves per cylinder, 3 Mikuni carburetors, and 2 camshafts. The model code is PS30. Approximately 420 were built. Some Z432s were used by the police in Japan. Fairlady Z432R. A Japan-only model Fairlady Z equipped with the twin cam 2.0 L inline six-cylinder "S20" engine shared with the KPGC10 Skyline GT-R was released in the Japanese domestic market (JDM) for homologation purposes (to enable its use as a rally car). The Z432R were all painted orange with black aluminum wheels and a low luster black hood. Z432R had lighter front guards, doors, and bonnet, as well as further engine enhancements over the Z432. In January 2020 a 1970 Z432R sold at auction in Japan for a record A$, about US$1. 240Z. The 1970 240Z was introduced to the American market by Yutaka Katayama, president of Nissan Motors USA operations, widely known as "Mister K". The early cars from 1969 to mid-1971 had some subtle differences compared to late-71 to 1973 cars. The most visible difference is: these early cars had a chrome "240Z" badge on the sail pillar, and two horizontal vents in the rear hatch below the glass molding providing flow through ventilation. In mid-1971, there were production changes, including exterior and interior colors, was restyling of the sail pillar emblems were with just the letter "Z" placed in a circular vented emblem, and the vents were eliminated from the hatch panel of the car, due to complaints of exhaust being circulated into the car. Design changes for the US model 240Z occurred throughout production but were not always reflected in the JDM Fairlady if they were specific to federal requirements, including interior modifications for the 1972 model year and a change in the location of the bumper over-riders, as well as the addition of some emission control devices and the adoption of a new style of emissions reducing carburetors for the 1973 model year. The 1970 models were introduced in October 1969, received the L24 2.4-liter engine with a manual choke and a four-speed manual. A less common three-speed automatic transmission was optional from 1971 on, and had a "Nissan full automatic" badge. Most export markets received the car as the "240Z", with slightly differing specifications depending on the various market needs. In 2004, "Sports Car International" named this car number two on their list of Top Sports Cars of the 1970s. World Rally Championship - round victories. In 1973, a 240Z, in the hands of Shekhar Mehta, won the 21st East African Safari Rally. 260Z. The 260Z was sold in the United States for the 1974 model year only, but was available in other countries until 1978 (aside from Japan, where this model was never regularly available except for in Okinawa). The engine was enlarged to 2.6 L by lengthening its stroke bringing with it the new model code RS30. In the US, federal emissions regulations forced a reduction in ignition timing and compression ratio, resulting in a lower power output of SAE net for the 260Z despite the additional displacement, whereas in other countries the power output increased to . There was also a 1974.5 model sold through the second half of 1974 in the US that had the full 165 hp with the addition of the larger 5 mph safety bumpers, that would become the standard for the 280Z. A four-speed or 5 speed (non US) manual remained standard equipment, with a three-speed automatic transmission optional. A 2+2 model built on a longer wheelbase was introduced, with larger opening quarter panel windows and a slightly notched roofline. The 2+2 looked largely identical inside (aside from the rear seat and its associated seat belt reels), but did receive a carpeted transmission tunnel rather than the quilted vinyl material used on the two-seater. The rear side windows on the 2+2 were push-out units, to add ventilation for rear seat occupants. The 260Z claimed a few updates and improvements over the 240Z. The climate controls were more sensibly laid out and easier to work, and those cars with air conditioning now had the A/C system integrated into the main climate control panel. There was also additional stiffness in the chassis due to a redesign of the chassis rails which were larger and extended further back than previous models. A rear sway bar was added as well. The 260Z debuted a redesigned dashboard and console, as well as new seat trim, and door panels for the interior. The tail lights were updated, moving the back up lights from the main tail light housing to the back panel. Early 1974 US 260Z models had bumpers that resembled those of the earlier 240Z, though increased slightly in size, pushed away from the body somewhat, and wearing black rubber bumper guards rather that the previous chrome bumper guards with rubber strips. These early cars still had the front turn signals located below the bumpers. Late 1974 U.S. 260Z models (often referred to as 1974.5 models) carried the heavier bumpers that would remain on the 1975-76 model years of the 280Z so as to be in compliance with United States bumper legislation in 1973. These late cars had the front turn signals relocated to the outer edges of the front grill, above the bumper. 280Z. Nissan released the Datsun 280Z model for the North American market in the 1975 model year. In a further effort to keep the S30 models sporting in the face of increasingly stringent U.S. emission and safety requirements, engine size was again increased, this time to 2.8 liters. The L26 engine was bored out to create the L28, and a Bosch L-Jetronic fuel injection system was added. Canadian versions were uniquely equipped without the anti-smog components mandatory in the States. The model code is HS30, the same as for the original 240Z. The 1975 and 1976 models continued to be fitted with the U.S. federally-required impact absorbing bumpers that had been introduced for the mid-1974 model year of the 260Z. These bumpers were smooth surfaced, and blended into smooth black rubber extensions as they met the body of the car. The 1977 and 1978 models received bumpers with recessed channels added that blended into corrugated- or accordion-style black rubber extension trim. Also new for the 1977 model year, 280Zs no longer received the full-size spare tire, and instead had a "space saver" spare and a larger fuel tank. This resulted in a raised rear deck area made of fiberboard, reducing cargo space. In late 1976 and for most 1977–78 models, an optional five-speed manual transmission was available alongside the four-speed manual and the three-speed automatic options. It included a "5-speed" emblem on the left bottom edge of the rear hatch. For 1977 there was also an update from the charcoal painted hubcap style (with a chrome "Z" floating in the amber center emblems) to a hubcap that resembled an alloy wheel, bearing a center cap with a chrome "Z" floating in a black circle. In 1977 and 1978 respectively, Datsun offered two special edition models. The "Zap" edition was offered in 1977 as a "special decor package". Zap cars were finished in "sunshine yellow" paint, and sported black stripes down the center and sides, with yellow, red, and orange chevrons at the front ends of the stripes. An estimated 1,000 "Zap Z" cars were offered in 1977. The "Zap Z" model was also used as the pace car in the 1977 Long Beach Grand Prix. The Black Pearl edition (produced in 1978) came with black pearlescent paint and a "special appearance package" (SAP), which consisted of dual racing mirrors, rear window louvers, and unique red and silver striping. It has been estimated that each United States dealer was allocated one Black Pearl edition to sell, though due to high demand some dealers reportedly received additional allocation. It is estimated 750 to 1,500 of these cars were ultimately produced, however the exact number remains unknown. Both the two-seater and 2+2 280Z coupes remained available throughout the 1975–1978 model year run. The S30 series was replaced for 1979 by the Nissan S130. Racing. The Z was very successful in SCCA racing in the 1970s: Bob Sharp Racing out of Wilton, Connecticut with Sharp, Elliot Forbes-Robinson and later Paul Newman driving; and Brock Racing Enterprises (BRE) in the western US with John Morton driving a #46 240Z to the SCCA C Production national title in 1970 and 1971. Other drivers, such as Clearwater Florida (and later Maryland) racer Don Kearney had much success with the Z-car between 1970 and 1978. The Z and Datsun 510 are credited as catalyst for the US Japanese import performance parts industry. Nissan also supported and was associated with Bob Bondurant's race driving school from its inception. In 2013 Nissan claimed its 97th SCCA national championship victory with Greg Ira at the wheel of his orange #2 RevTech 240Z. On his way to his championship Ira set several road course records in SCCA's E Production class, beginning in 2006, including: Ira was awarded SCCA's prestigious Kimberly Cup in 2008. Previous Kimberly Cup recipients include Bob Holbert, Roger Penske, Mark Donohue, and Peter Revson. On September 27, 2015, Greg Ira won his second (and Nissan's 98th) SCCA National Championship, in his EP2 Revtech/Ztrix.com 240Z, at Daytona International Speedway. Relaunch attempts. From 1997 to 2002 Nissan did not offer the Z-car line outside of Japan, where the Fairlady Z (Z32) remained available until 2000. In 1998, Nissan launched a program to bring back the Z-car line by first purchasing original 240Zs, then restoring them to factory specifications, and finally selling them to dealerships for $24,000. This was an effort to keep Z-car interest alive. Nissan over-estimated the market for the cars and low demand (and the high price) meant that less than fifty cars were re-manufactured and sold. Furthermore, in 1999, a concept car was shown to the public in a plan to return to the fundamentals that made the 240Z a market success. References. Notes. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> Sources. <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55129545

École polyvalente Saint-Jérôme

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École polyvalente Saint-Jérôme École polyvalente Saint-Jérôme (EPSJ) is a public Francophone secondary school in Saint-Jérôme, Quebec. It is a part of the Commission scolaire de la Rivière-du-Nord. It serves sections of Saint-Jérôme, including Mirabel, Prévost, and Saint-Colomban. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12387135

Pickle Wars

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Pickle Wars Pickle Wars is an MS-DOS platform game created in 1993 by Karen Crowther through Redwood Games and published by MVP Software. A planet gets invaded by pickles. The player (alternating between playing a man and a woman) goes on a journey to find hidden weapons. The player needs to collect all the SaladShooters in the level to pass through the exit door. The player can then shoot salad at the aliens, and the aliens will faint. Junk food and pickles are collectible for points, and carrots are for health. There are three episodes. The first, "Invasion of the Pickle People", was released as shareware. The other two episodes were purchasable. Plot. Episode I: Invasion of the Pickle People. The peaceful planet of Arcadia, inhabited by humans, is attacked by pickles who want to take over the planet. Arcadia has no weapons because there has not been any need for centuries. It becomes Dave's quest to go and find a hidden "Depository" of weapons. He finds an old crazy man named Lord Geric who knows of a doomsday device. A character named Linda also comes to find hidden weapons, and becomes playable for the second half of the episode. Dave and Linda eventually find all of the secret weapons. The pickles decide to interrogate one of the humans, and grab Linda in a jar before she reveals the information she has found to Dave. Episode II: Escape from the Pickle Planet. Linda's escape from the Pickle Planet. Episode III: The Search for the Doomsday Machine. The pickles get a hold of the doomsday machine and arm it. Dave and Linda must do their best to save Arcadia. Legacy. As MVPSoft ended the sale of the game around 2009, they offer the registered game version as freeware download. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=64999470

Highway 304 (Thailand)

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Highway 304 (Thailand) National highway of Thailand Highway 304 is a national highway of Thailand, leading from the Bangkok suburb city of Pak Kret to Nakhon Ratchasima in the country's Northeast. It forms the main link between the eastern and northeastern regions, and is one of the major alternative routes into the Northeast (the main route from Bangkok being Mittraphap Road, Highway 2). The highway is known by several names along its route. Chaeng Watthana Road () begins at Pak Kret in Nonthaburi Province, and leads eastward (and slightly south) to Lak Si Monument in Bangkok's Bang Khen District, where it crosses Phahon Yothin Road and from there becomes known as Ram Inthra Road (, also spelled Ramindra) until it reaches Min Buri in Bangkok's eastern fringes. It then becomes known as Suwinthawong Road () towards the town of Chachoengsao. From there, it continues mostly northeastward through the eastern province of the same name, past the town of Phanom Sarakham, then enters Prachin Buri Province where it crosses Highway 33 at Kabin Buri town. It then leads north, crossing the Sankamphaeng Mountains through a pass between Khao Yai and Thap Lan national parks into Nakhon Ratchasima Province. There, it passes through Wang Nam Khio and Pak Thong Chai districts before joining Mittraphap Road as it enters the city of Nakhon Ratchasima. Part of the highway is designated as Asian Highway 19. The road was constructed in segments. The Chaeng Watthana and Suwinthawong sections were named in 1950, while the section from Chachoengsao to Nakhon Ratchasima (originally designated Highway 23) was built from 1941, and was initially unpaved. The Kabin Buri–Nakhon Ratchasima section was built and paved from 1965 to 1968 with assistance from the United States Army to support the USAF bases in Thailand during the Vietnam War. The road, which cuts through the Dong Phayayen–Khao Yai Forest Complex World Heritage Site, underwent expansion into a four-lane highway from 2015 to 2018, which included the construction of bridges and underpasses to serve as wildlife corridors, the first in Thailand. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39214222

Methodist Church in Sri Lanka

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Methodist Church in Sri Lanka The Methodist Church of Sri Lanka ( ) (Tamil language: இலங்கை மெதடிஸ்த திருச்சபை "Illangai Methadistha Thiruchabai") is a Protestant Christian denomination in Sri Lanka. Its headquarters is in Colombo and was established on 29 June 1814. It is a member of the World Council of Churches, the Christian Conference of Asia, the National Christian Council of Sri Lanka and the World Methodist Council. History. Thomas Coke, the right-hand man of the Reverend John Wesley, was chiefly responsible for the overseas mission to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) that set sail from Portsmouth harbor on 30 December 1813. During the voyage, Coke became ill, died, and was buried at sea on 3 May 1814. James Lynch, Thomas Hall Squance, William Ault, George Erskine and Benjamin Clough arrived in Galle on 29 June 1814. Squance, Clough, and Lynch made it to the Galle Harbour, and the boat carrying Ault and Erskine with their personal effects drifted towards Weligama and they landed there early next day. The missionaries travelled to different parts of Ceylon, with Squance and Lynch to Jaffna, Ault to Batticaloa, Erskine to Matara, and Clough remaining in Galle. Harvard who remained in Bombay due to family circumstances came to Galle in early 1815 and was posted to Colombo and Clough too joined him leaving Galle to be looked after by Erskine. In mid-1815, they purchased a portion of land on Dam Street and built a chapel that still stands there today as Methodist Church, Pettah, the oldest Methodist Church in Asia. They later started a children's Sunday school and a printing press in Colombo. Rev. Harvard, a printer by profession, supervised the work and started printing books for children. Meanwhile, a chapel called ‘The Wesleyan Mission House’ was completed and opened for worship in December 1816. In spite of attitudes against the education of woman at the time, in 1834, the missionaries established the Vembadi Girls' High School. Along with Pandit Arumuga Navalar, Peter Percival translated the Bible into Tamil. He also wrote the "Anglo-Tamil Dictionary" (1838), which together with his "A Collection of Proverbs in Tamil with their translation in English" was published by the Jaffna Book Society. These were two of the earliest Tamil books printed, alongside those by the American Ceylon Mission. His "Land of the Veda: India briefly described in some of its aspects, Physical, Social, Intellectual & Moral" was published in 1854. The missionaries worked with children throughout the country, as well as established homes for orphans and vocational training, such as those at Galle, Badulla, Diyatalawa, and Thummodera. This work continued, and, in the twentieth century, homes were established in Trincomalee, Chenkalady, Puthuyugam, and Nilavely. Catering to the emerging need to support the children of working parents, the Methodist Church founded day care centers and nurseries in Welimada, Moratumulla, Angulana, Panadura, and Maradana. Young girls travelling into cities for higher education and employment lacked safe accommodation, and so, with the support of local churches, women's hostels were set up in Colombo, Maradana, Moor Road, Badulla, and Katunayake. Elders' homes, for the support of the aged, were established in Badulla, Wellawatte, Moratumulla, and Putter, and cared for by the Methodist Women’s Fellowship. Many of the missionaries were involved with printing, with Harvard, Squance, Callaway, Spence, Hardy, and Gogerly all being printers by trade. Benjamin Clough published an English to Sinhala dictionary in 1821 and a Sinhala to English one in 1830. He also published the first Pali grammar and vocabulary book in English, and translated and printed sermons in Sinhala. The Wesleyan Press continued to print and publish scholarly books produced by missionaries such the Reverend D. J. Gorgerly and Percival. The press also printed the Sinhala Bibles for the Ceylon Bible Society Auxiliary for many years. The Methodist Church, known for some noted educators, set up many schools in Sri Lanka, including: However, in 1961, as many as 178 Methodist-run schools were converted by the government from "government assisted" schools to "government" schools. Only two schools, Wesley College, Colombo and Methodist College, Colombo, remained under the management of the church. Church leaders began medical work in Welimada in 1887. Their efforts developed into Wiseman's Hospital, a small women's hospital, in 1895. A small children’s hospital was also set up at Happy Valley in Uva. These facilities were built at a vital time of need, as there were not any government hospitals. Medical work was done in Batticaloa, Kalmunai, and Trincomalee. A missionary, Gertrude Nettleship, founded a hospital in Puthur in 1898, which was later renamed St. Luke’s Methodist Hospital, Puthur. This is the only of the Methodists' early hospitals still in use. Centers for vocational training were established, including the Jeevodhayam Farm, Polwatte Pottery Project, B.I.H. Electronics, and the City Mission Community Projects. In 2006, due to the ongoing war and prolonged state of emergency, the Church established a Justice and Peace Desk to keep track of the human rights situation and promote peace. The Church's Children’s Desk has attempted to promote the welfare of children in Sri Lanka. In June 1963, the British Conference passed a Resolution granting autonomy to the Methodist Church in Ceylon. The Deed of Foundation of the Ceylon Conference was signed in the Kollupitiya Methodist Church on 18 June 1964. Upon its signing, the President of the British Conference said “I declare the Methodist Church of Ceylon to be now inaugurated for the purpose of witnessing to the good news of Jesus Christ and spreading of Scriptural Holiness throughout the land and to the ends of the earth.” He then inducted Rev. Fred S. De Silva as the first President of the Methodist Church of Ceylon. The Governor-general of Ceylon was present at the Service. The Methodist Church of Sri Lanka celebrated its bicentenary on 29 June 2014 with a National Thanksgiving Service at the Cathedral of Christ the Living Saviour. More than 10,000 Methodist members from all over Sri Lanka attended.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11382737

American Realism

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American Realism American art movement American Realism was a style in art, music and literature that depicted contemporary social realities and the lives and everyday activities of ordinary people. The movement began in literature in the mid-19th century, and became an important tendency in visual art in the early 20th century. Whether a cultural portrayal or a scenic view of downtown New York City, American realist works attempted to define what was real. In the U.S. at the beginning of the 20th century, a new generation of painters, writers, and journalists were coming of age. Many of the painters felt the influence of older U.S. artists such as Thomas Eakins, Mary Cassatt, John Singer Sargent, James McNeill Whistler, Winslow Homer, Childe Hassam, J. Alden Weir, Thomas Pollock Anshutz, and William Merritt Chase. However they were interested in creating new and more urbane works that reflected city life and a population that was more urban than rural in the U.S. as it entered the new century. America in the early 20th century. From the late 19th to the early 20th centuries, the United States experienced huge industrial, economic, social and cultural change. A continuous wave of European immigration and the rising potential for international trade brought increasing growth and prosperity to America. Through art and artistic expression (through all mediums including painting, literature and music), American Realism attempted to portray the exhaustion and cultural exuberance of the figurative American landscape and the life of ordinary Americans at home. Artists used the feelings, textures and sounds of the city to influence the color, texture and look of their creative projects. Musicians noticed the quick and fast-paced nature of the early 20th century and responded with a fresh and new tempo. Writers and authors told a new story about Americans; boys and girls real Americans could have grown up with. Pulling away from fantasy and focusing on "the now", American Realism presented a new gateway and a breakthrough—introducing modernism, and what it means to be in the present. The Ashcan School also known as The Eight and the group called Ten American Painters created the core of the new American Modernism in the visual arts. Ashcan School and The Eight. The Ashcan School was a group of New York City artists who sought to capture the feel of early-20th-century New York City through realistic portraits of everyday life. These artists preferred to depict the richly and culturally textured lower class immigrants, rather than the rich and promising Fifth Avenue socialites. One critic of the time did not like their choice of subjects, which included alleys, tenements, slum dwellers, and in the case of John Sloan, taverns frequented by the working class. They became known as the "revolutionary black gang" and "apostles of ugliness." George Bellows. George Bellows (1882–1925), painted city life in New York City. His paintings had an expressionist boldness and a willingness to take risks. He had a fascination with violence as seen in his 1909 painting "Both Members of This Club", which depicts a gory boxing scene. His 1913 painting "Cliff Dwellers" depicts a cityscape that is not one particular view but a composite of many views. Robert Henri. Robert Henri (1865–1921) was an important American realist and a member of the Ashcan School. Henri was interested in the spectacle of common life. He focused on individuals, strangers, quickly passing in the streets in towns and cities. His was a sympathetic rather than a comic portrayal of people, often using a dark background to add to the warmth of the person depicted. Henri's works were characterized by vigorous brushstrokes and bold impasto which stressed the materiality of the paint. Henri influenced Glackens, Luks, Shinn, and Sloan. In 1906, he was elected to the National Academy of Design, but when painters in his circle were rejected for the academy's 1907 exhibition, he accused fellow jurors of bias and walked off the jury, resolving to organize a show of his own. He later referred to the academy as "a cemetery of art". Everett Shinn. Everett Shinn (1876–1953), a member of the Ashcan School, was famous for his numerous paintings of New York and the theater, and of various aspects of luxury and modern life inspired by his home in New York City. He painted theater scenes from London, Paris and New York. He found interest in the urban spectacle of life, drawing parallels between the theater and crowded seats and life. Unlike Degas, Shinn depicted interaction between the audience and performer. George Luks. George Luks (1866–1933) was an Ashcan School artist who lived on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. In Luks' painting "Hester Street" (1905), he shows children being entertained by a man with a toy while a woman and shopkeeper have a conversation in the background. The viewer is among the crowd rather than above it. Luks puts a positive spin on the Lower East Side by showing two young girls dancing in "The Spielers," which is a type of dance among working-class immigrants; despite the poverty, children dance on the street. He looks for the joy and beauty in the life of the poor rather than the tragedy. William Glackens. Early in his career, William Glackens (1870–1938) painted the neighborhood surrounding his studio in Washington Square Park. He also was a successful commercial illustrator, producing numerous drawings and watercolors for contemporary magazines that humorously portrayed New Yorkers in their daily lives. Later in life, he was much better known as "the American Renoir" for his Impressionist views of the seashore and the French Riviera. John Sloan. John Sloan (1871–1951) was an early-20th-century realist of the Ashcan School, whose concerns with American social conditions led him to join the Socialist Party of America in 1910. Originally from Philadelphia, he worked in New York after 1904. From 1912 to 1916, he contributed illustrations to the socialist monthly "The Masses". Sloan disliked propaganda, and in his drawings for "The Masses", as in his paintings, he focused on the everyday lives of people. He depicted the leisure of the working class with an emphasis on female subjects. Among his better known works are "Picnic Grounds" and "Sunday, Women Drying Their Hair". He disliked the category of Ashcan School and expressed his annoyance with art historians who identified him as a painter of the American Scene: "Some of us used to paint little rather sensitive comments about the life around us. We didn't know it was the American Scene. I don't like the name...A symptom of nationalism, which has caused a great deal of trouble in this world." Edward Hopper. Edward Hopper (1882–1967) was a prominent American realist painter and printmaker. Hopper is the most modern of the American realists and the most contemporary. While most popularly known for his oil paintings, he was equally proficient as a watercolorist and printmaker in etching. In both his urban and rural scenes, his spare and finely calculated renderings reflected his personal vision of modern American life. Hopper's teacher Robert Henri encouraged his students to use their art to "make a stir in the world". He also advised his students "It isn't the subject that counts but what you feel about it" and "Forget about art and paint pictures of what interests you in life". In this manner, Henri influenced Hopper, as well as students George Bellows and Rockwell Kent, and motivated them to render realistic depictions of urban life. Some artists in Henri's circle, including John Sloan, another teacher of Hopper, became members of The Eight, also known as the Ashcan School of American art. His first existing oil painting to hint at his famous interiors was "Solitary Figure in a Theater" (c. 1904). During his student years, Hopper also painted dozens of nudes, still lifes, landscapes, and portraits, including his self-portraits. Other visual artists. Joseph Stella, Charles Sheeler, Jonas Lie, Edward Willis Redfield, Joseph Pennell, Leon Kroll, B.J.O. Nordfeldt, Gertrude Käsebier, Alfred Stieglitz, Edward Steichen, E. J. Bellocq, Philip Koch, David Hanna Writers. Horatio Alger. Horatio Alger (1832–1899) was a prolific 19th-century American author whose principal output was formulaic rags-to-riches juvenile novels that followed the adventures of bootblacks, newsboys, peddlers, buskers, and other impoverished children in their rise from humble backgrounds to lives of respectable middle-class security and comfort. His novels, of which "Ragged Dick" is a typical example, were hugely popular in their day. Stephen Crane. Stephen Crane (1871–1900), born in Newark, New Jersey, had roots going back to the Revolutionary War era, soldiers, clergymen, sheriffs, judges, and farmers who had lived a century earlier. Primarily a journalist who also wrote fiction, essays, poetry, and plays, Crane saw life at its rawest in slums and on battlefields. His haunting Civil War novel "The Red Badge of Courage" was published to great acclaim in 1895, but he barely had time to bask in the attention before he died at 28, having neglected his health. He has enjoyed continued success since his death—as a champion of the common man, a realist, and a symbolist. Crane's "" (1893) is one of the best, if not the earliest, naturalistic American novel. It is the harrowing story of a poor, sensitive girl whose uneducated, alcoholic parents utterly fail her. In love, and eager to escape her violent home, she allows herself to be seduced into living with a young man, who soon deserts her. When her self-righteous mother rejects her, Maggie becomes a prostitute to survive, but soon dies. Crane's earthy subject matter and his objective, scientific style, devoid of moralizing, earmark Maggie as a naturalist work. William Dean Howells. William Dean Howells (1837–1920) wrote fiction and essays in the realist mode. His ideas about realism in literature developed in parallel with his socialist attitudes. In his role as editor of the "Atlantic Monthly" and "Harper's Magazine", and as the author of books such as "A Modern Instance" and "The Rise of Silas Lapham", Howells exerted a strong opinion and was influential in establishing his theories. Mark Twain. Samuel Clemens (1835–1910), better known by his pen name of Mark Twain, grew up in the frontier town of Hannibal, Missouri. Early 19th-century American writers tended to be flowery, sentimental, or ostentatious—partially because they were still trying to prove that they could write as elegantly as the English. Ernest Hemingway in "Green Hills of Africa" wrote that many Romantics "wrote like exiled English colonials from an England of which they were never a part to a newer England that they were making...They did not use the words that people have always used in speech, the words that survive in language." In the same essay, Hemingway stated that all American fiction comes from Mark Twain's novel "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn". Twain's style, based on vigorous, realistic, colloquial American speech, gave American writers a new appreciation of their national voice. Twain was the first major author to come from the interior of the country, and he captured its distinctive, humorous slang and iconoclasm. For Twain and other American writers of the late 19th century, realism was not merely a literary technique: It was a way of speaking truth and exploding outworn conventions. Twain is best known for his works "Tom Sawyer" and "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn". Sam Watkins. Sam Watkins (1839–1901) was a 19th-century American writer and humorist best known for his memoir "Co. Aytch," which recounts his life as a soldier in the Confederate States Army. He "talked in a slow humorous drawl" and demonstrated unusual prowess as a storyteller. One of the book's commendable qualities is its realism. In an age noted for romanticizing "the war" and the men who fought it, he wrote with surprising frankness. The Johnny Rebs of his pages are not all heroes. Soldier life as portrayed by Watkins had more of the dullness and suffering than of excitement and glory. He tells much of the crushing fatigue of long marches; the boredom and discomfort of the long winter lulls; the caprice and harshness of discipline; the incompetency of the officers; the periodic lapses of morale; the uncertainty and meagerness of rations; and the wearying grind of army routine. His accounts of battle make frequent reference to the dreadful screaming of shells, the awful horror of mutilated bodies, and the agonizing cries of the wounded. War as detailed by his pen was a cruel and sordid business. Others. Other writers of this sort included Theodore Dreiser, Henry James, Jack London, Upton Sinclair, John Steinbeck, Margaret Deland, Edith Wharton, and J. D. Salinger. Journalism. Jacob Riis. Jacob Riis (1849–1914), a Danish American muckraker journalist, photographer, and social reformer, was born in Ribe, Denmark. He is known for his dedication to using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the less fortunate in New York City, which was the subject of most of his prolific writings and photographic essays. He helped with the implementation of "model tenements" in New York with the help of humanitarian Lawrence Veiller. As one of the early photographers to use flash, he is considered a pioneer in photography. Art Young. Art Young (1866–1943) was an American cartoonist and writer. He is most famous for his socialist cartoons, especially those drawn for the radical magazine "The Masses", of which Young was co-editor, from 1911 to 1917. Young started as generally apolitical, but gradually became interested in left-wing ideas, and by 1906 or so, considered himself a socialist. He became politically active; by 1910, racial and sexual discrimination and the injustices of the capitalist system became prevalent themes in his work. Music. James Bland. James Bland (1854–1919) was the first prominent African American songwriter and is known for his ballad, "Carry me Back to Old Virginny". "In the Evening by the Moonlight" and "Golden Slippers" are well-known songs that he wrote, and he wrote other hits of the period, including "In the Morning by the Bright Light" and "De Golden Wedding". Bland wrote most of his songs from 1879 to 1882; in 1881, he left the U.S. for England with Haverly's Genuine Colored Minstrels. Bland found England more rewarding than the United States and stayed there until 1890; either he stopped writing songs during this period or he was unable to find an English publisher. C. A. White. C. A. White (1829–1892) wrote the hit song "Put Me in My Little Bed" in 1869, establishing him as a major songwriter. White was a songwriter of serious aspirations: Many of his songs were written for vocal quartets. He also made several attempts at opera. As half-owner of the music publishing firm White, Smith & Company, he had a ready outlet for his work, but it was his songs that supported the publishing firm and not the other way around. White did not scorn writing for the popular stage—indeed he wrote a song for the pioneering African-American stage production "Out of Bondage"—but his principal output was for the parlor singer. W. C. Handy. W. C. Handy (1873–1958) was a blues composer and musician, often known as the "Father of the Blues". Handy remains among the most influential of American songwriters. Although he was one of many musicians who played the distinctively American form of music known as the blues, he is credited with giving it its contemporary form. While Handy was not the first to publish music in the blues form, he took the blues from a not very well known regional music style to one of the dominant forces in American music. Handy was an educated musician who used folk material in his compositions. He was scrupulous in documenting the sources of his works, which frequently combined stylistic influences from several performers. He loved this folk-musical form and brought a transforming touch to it. Scott Joplin. Scott Joplin (c. 1867/68–1917) was an African American musician and composer of ragtime music and remains the best-known figure. His music enjoyed a considerable resurgence of popularity and critical respect in the 1970s, especially for his most famous composition "The Entertainer". References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=431380

Bolshoi Ballet

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Bolshoi Ballet Ballet company based at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, Russia The Bolshoi Ballet is an internationally renowned classical ballet company based at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, Russia. Founded in 1776, the Bolshoi is among the world's oldest ballet companies. In the early 20th century, it came to international prominence as Moscow became the capital of Soviet Russia. The Bolshoi has been recognised as one of the foremost ballet companies in the world. It has a branch at the Bolshoi Ballet Theater School in Joinville, Brazil. History. The earliest iteration of the Bolshoi Ballet can be found in the creation of a dance school for a Moscow orphanage in 1773. In 1776, dancers from the school were employed by Prince Pyotr Vasilyevich Urusov and English theatrical entrepreneur Michael Maddox to form part of their new theatre company. Originally performing in privately owned venues, they later acquired the Petrovsky Theatre, which, as a result of fires and erratic redevelopment, would later be rebuilt as today's Bolshoi Theatre. While some guest dancers come and go from other prestigious ballet companies, such as Mariinsky and American Ballet Theatre, most company dancers are graduates of the academy. In 1989, Michael Shannon was the first American ballet dancer to graduate from the Bolshoi Ballet Academy and join the Bolshoi Ballet company. Despite staging many famous ballets, it struggled to compete with the reputation of the Imperial Russian Ballet, today's Mariinsky Ballet of St. Petersburg. It was not until the appointment of Alexander Gorsky as Ballet Master in 1900 that the company began to develop its own unique identity, with acclaimed productions of new or restaged ballets including "Don Quixote" (1900), "Coppélia" (1901), "Swan Lake" (1901), "La fille mal gardée" (1903), "Giselle" (1911), "Le Corsaire" (1912) and "La Bayadère" (1917). The Soviet leadership's preference for uncomplicated moral themes in the arts was demonstrated in Yuri Grigorovich's appointment as director in 1964. Grigorovich held his position until 1995, at which point a series of directors, including Boris Akimov, Alexei Ratmansky, Yuri Burlaka and Sergei Filin, brought more modern dance performance ideas to the company. Repertoire. <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> Notable staff. Dancers. <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> Company structure. Today the Bolshoi Ballet remains one of the world's foremost ballet companies, in addition to being one of the largest, with approximately 220 dancers. The word "bolshoi" means "big" or "grand" in Russian. The company operates on a hierarchical system, similar to those used by other leading European ballet companies, with senior dancers ranked as principals, and descending in order of importance through lead soloist, first soloist, soloist and finally, corps de ballet. Due to its size, the company operates two troupes of corps de ballet. In 2000, the Bolshoi Ballet opened its first Ballet Academy outside Russia, in Joinville, Brazil. Performance style. The performance style of the Bolshoi Ballet is typically identified as being colourful and bold, combining technique and athleticism with expressiveness and dramatic intensity. This style is commonly attributed to Alexander Gorsky. Historically there has been a fierce rivalry with the St. Petersburg Heritage Ballet Company, the Mariinsky. Both have developed very different performing styles: the Bolshoi has a more colourful and bold approach, whereas the Mariinsky is associated with more pure and refined classicism. Dancers. Principal dancers. Source: Female <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> Male <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> Leading soloists. Female <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> Male <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> First soloists. Female <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> Male <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> Soloists. Female <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> Male <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> Corps de ballet. The Bolshoi Ballet operates two troupes of corps de ballet, with approximately 169 dancers in total. Controversies. In 2013, ballerina Anastasia Volochkova claimed that female dancers were forced to sleep with wealthy patrons, saying: "It mainly happened with the corps du [sic] ballet but also with the soloists. [...] I repeatedly received such propositions to share the beds of oligarchs." American dancer Joy Womack echoed this concern when she left the company after being told that, to secure solo roles, she must either pay $10,000 or "start a relationship with a sponsor." In January 2013, a sulfuric acid attack on art director Sergei Filin once again steeped the company in scandal. Bolshoi dancer Pavel Dmitrichenko was convicted of organizing the attack and was sentenced to six years in prison. Reasons for the attack include corruption within the company. In 2014, 25-year-old ballet dancer Olga Demina mysteriously went missing. In September 2020, Russian investigators announced that they believe Demina may have been killed in a blackmail plot by Malkhaz Dzhavoev, whom she was dating and was allegedly her "manager." In July 2017, the Bolshoi Theatre cancelled the premiere of a ballet about openly gay Soviet dancer Rudolf Nureyev. The Director General claimed that it was due to poor dancing quality; however, principal dancer Maria Alexandrova claimed it was the first sign of a 'new era' of censorship. It was the first time a show has been pulled in such a way since the collapse of the Soviet Union, sparking rumours about the motivation behind the move. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35481400

1993–94 Dynamo Dresden season

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1993–94 Dynamo Dresden season The 1993–94 season was Dynamo Dresden's third season in the Bundesliga. They finished in 13th place, to date their best performance since German reunification. After a slow start, they went on a 10 match unbeaten run during the middle of the season, and won three of their last five games to finish well clear of the relegation zone. Dynamo were masters of the 1–0 win, thanks in part to loan signing Marek Penksa (all three of his goals were winners in such matches), and top scorer Olaf Marschall, who'd been signed from Admira Wacker during pre-season. Dynamo also achieved their best ever result in the DFB-Pokal, beating Bayern Munich and Bayer Leverkusen before bowing out to Werder Bremen in the semi-final. Squad. <templatestyles src="Template:Football squad player/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58562823

Hōōzan Cave Tombs

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Hōōzan Cave Tombs The is a group of late Kofun period located in the Chokushimachi neighborhood of the city of Kaga, Ishikawa in the Hokuriku region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1929. It is the largest group of cave-tombs in the Hokuriku region. Overview. Hōōzan Cave Tombs are located on a tuff hill on the east bank of the Iburihashi River, with an elevation of 40 meters above the river. An archaeological excavation was conducted from 1921 to 1922, during which time 26 tombs were identified. During further excavations from 1964 through 1968, this number was expanded to 77 tombs, and the total number is now estimated to be between 150 and 200 tombs, making this one of the latest sites in the Hokuriku region, and unusual for its high density of tombs in a relatively small area. Most of the tombs have an entrance vestibule and a burial chamber, which in some cases is configured to resemble the inside of a house. The larger tombs extend up to nine meters into the hillside, with a raised platform for the sarcophagus. The smaller tombs extend only three meters. Grave goods recovered include Sue ware, Haji pottery, iron swords, and various items of jewelry. From these grave goods, it is estimated that these tombs were constructed over a 150-year period from the latter half of the 6th century to the end of the 7th century. The name comes from a local legend that one of the tombs contains buried treasure hidden by the Heian period Emperor Kazan. The site is maintained as a park and has a small museum, the to display some of the artifacts found. The site is located about 10 minutes by car from Kagaonsen Station on the JR West Hokuriku Main Line. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=57258621

Woodlands North RTS station

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Woodlands North RTS station

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20096038

Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College

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Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College College in Baranagar, West Bengal Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College, established in 1956, is an undergraduate college in Baranagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It was named after the nineteenth century social reformer Keshab Chandra Sen. Popularly known as B.K.C. College, the institution was established with the aim of filling a vacuum in higher education in North 24 Parganas. This College is a Govt. of West Bengal aided degree college affiliated to the West Bengal State University and upgraded from Bachelor’s to Master’s degree in the list of Colleges included u/s 2(f) and 12(b) of the UGC Act, 1956 vide UGC letter No. 8-104/2019(CPP-I/C) dated 17/12/2019.Two Post Graduate courses are conducting: M.Sc in Mathematics and M.Sc in Botany. History of the college. In 1954, professor J. C. Ghosh, the then vice-chancellor of the University of Calcutta, surveyed the available higher educational facilities in North 24 Parganas. The survey revealed that facilities were inadequate given the huge influx of refugees in the area. His suggested solution called for ten new colleges in the area, covering both male and female students and the study of both humanities and sciences, and funded by the Central Relief and Rehabilitation Ministry, Government of India. This plan was accepted and Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College was thus established in 1956 as one of the colleges under this scheme. Initially the college was housed at Sagar Dutta Free High School, Kamarhati, but later moved to its own premises in 1957. Until 2008, the college was affiliated to the University of Calcutta. It is now affiliated with the West Bengal State University References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30495602

Baja California Territory

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Baja California Territory Mexican territory from 1824-1853 and 1854-1931 Baja California Territory (Territorio de Baja California) was a Mexican territory from 1824 to 1853, and 1854 to 1931, that encompassed the Baja California peninsula of present-day northwestern Mexico. It replaced the Baja California Province (1773–1824) of the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Spain, after Mexican independence. Along with Alta California, the two territories were split from the Spanish Californias region. In 1931, Baja California Territory was divided into the "Territory of Baja California Norte" and the "Territory of Baja California Sur". In 1952, the "North Territory" became the 29th State of Mexico as Baja California. In 1974, the "South Territory" became the 31st state as Baja California Sur. Province. Baja California's northern border with Alta California was first established to demarcate areas of Franciscan and Dominican missionary authority, precisely set on August 19, 1773, near San Juan Bautista Creek by Fray Francisco Palóu. A marker stands on the line formerly dividing the two countries. The marker is behind the ruins of Misión San Miguel Arcángel de la Frontera, in La Misión, Baja California. The Palóu line was adopted as the provincial dividing line in 1804. In 1848, under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, this international border was shifted further north to San Diego Bay, adjusting it to the claim of Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo and the "sea-to-sea" claims of Sir Francis Drake and of the former colony of South Carolina. Translated into English, the inscription on the marker reads: <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /> San Juan Bautista Creek: Juan Crespí, May 1 for the setting of the first international division line between Old or Lower California (Dominicans) and New or Upper California (Franciscans) five leagues to the north (Valley of the Médanos) being established by: Priest Francisco Palóu on 19 August 1773 ("Mojonera of Palou") in compliance with the instructions put forth on the April 7, 1772 "Concordato".<br>"Rosarito Historical Society, Baja California A.C. at The Mission, Baja California, on 20 May 1990. Fieldwork and research: . Monument donation: Mario Reyes Coronado De Villasari & family . Construction: Students of the School of Tourism at U.A.B.C.(Autonomous University of Baja California)". References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43840528

The Boat Race 1875

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The Boat Race 1875 Oxford versus Cambridge rowing race The 32nd Boat Race between crews from the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge took place on the River Thames on 20 March 1875. The Cambridge crew contained four Blues to Oxford's two, the latter went into the race without a win since the 1869 race. In a race umpired by Joseph William Chitty, Oxford won by ten lengths in a time of 22 minutes 2 seconds, taking the overall record in the event to 17–15 in their favour. One of the Cambridge crew broke his slide during the race. Background. The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the "Dark Blues") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the "Light Blues"). The race was first held in 1829, and since 1845 has taken place on the Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London. Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions, having defeated Oxford by <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3+1⁄2 lengths in the previous year's race, while Oxford led overall with sixteen wins to Cambridge's fifteen. Cambridge were coached by John Goldie, the Cambridge boat club president and rower for the 1869, 1870 and 1871 races, and Charles Stokes Read who had rowed for Cambridge in the previous three races. Oxford's coaches were S. D. Darbishire who had rowed for the Dark Blues in the 1868, 1869 and 1870 races, F. H. Hall who had coxed for three races between 1870 and 1872, Robert Wells Risley who had rowed four times between the 1857 and 1860 races, Edmund Warre (represented Oxford in 1857 and 1858), Frank Willan (four-time winning rower between 1866 and 1869) and Walter Bradford Woodgate who had rowed in the 1862 and 1863 races. Joseph William Chitty was the umpire for the race. He had rowed for Oxford twice in 1849 (in March and December) and the 1852 race. The starter was Edward Searle. Crews. The Oxford crew weighed an average of 11 st 12.375 lb (75.3 kg), more than their opponents. Cambridge's crew contained four former Blues, including Herbert Edward Rhodes who was making his third appearance in the race. Oxford saw two rowers return from the 1874 race, in H. J. Stayner and J. P. Way. According to Drinkwater, the Oxford University Boat Club towards the end of 1874 produced a "fine crew", and of particular note was the inclusion of the former Eton Captain of the Boats Tom Edwards-Moss. In contrast, Cambridge's crew, with just two returning from the previous year's race, was completed with "material ... not of a very high order". Race. Oxford were considered clear pre-race favourites to win their first Boat Race in five years; conditions were inclement with a "nasty north-west wind" but a "fair tide". They lost the toss and Cambridge elected to start from the Middlesex station, handing Oxford the Surrey side of the river. The race commenced at 1:13 p.m., and Cambridge made the better start, taking the lead from the outset with a higher stroke rate. Half a length ahead after a minute, the Light Blues nearly had a clear water advantage but tired in the strong headwind, and started to be caught by Craven Steps, around along the course. About a mile into the race, one of the Cambridge crew broke a slide. The crews were level at the Crab Tree pub and by Hammersmith Bridge, and with the advantage of the bend in the river, Oxford were clear and went on to win by ten lengths in a time of 22 minutes 2 seconds. It was their first victory since 1869 and took the overall record in the event to 17–15 in their favour. References. Notes <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> Bibliography

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32102757

Abdul-Wali al-Shameri

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Abdul-Wali al-Shameri Yemeni diplomat Abdul-Wali al-Shameri () is a Yemeni diplomat, poet and writer. He quit his position as Ambassador to Egypt over the 2011 Yemeni uprising. Biography. He was born on 4 August 1956 in Shamir province, Taiz Governorate. He is a Yemeni poet and writer. He resigned from his position as the Ambassador of Yemen to the Arab Republic of Egypt on 19 March 2011. Chairman of the Forum of Arab intellectuals Cairo and Chairman of the Foundation for creativity and culture Sanaa. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40153554

Bubblegum Perfume

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Bubblegum Perfume Bubblegum Perfume is the second compilation album by English alternative rock band Felt, released in 1990. It collects tracks from the band's singles and albums recorded for Creation Records between 1986 and 1988. Tracks 5, 8, 13, 16 and 19 are instrumental. In a review for Melody Maker, Bob Stanley described the album as "an excellent Felt primer for the uninitiated." In 2011 "Bubblegum Perfume" was reissued by Cherry Red with three changes to the track listing: track 12 was replaced by "Tuesday's Secret", track 14 by "Female Star", and track 15 by the instrumental "Fire Circle". References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2991299

Gove Saulsbury

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Gove Saulsbury American politician Gove Saulsbury (May 29, 1815 – July 31, 1881) was an American physician and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party, and he served in the Delaware General Assembly and as Governor of Delaware. He led opposition to civil rights for African Americans in Delaware. Early life and family. Saulsbury was born in Mispillion Hundred, Kent County, Delaware, son of William and Margaret Ann Smith Saulsbury. His father was a descendant of the Salusbury Family of Wales, but changed the spelling of the name after the American Revolution due to his family's loyalist sympathies. He was the older brother of U.S. Senators Willard Saulsbury, Sr., and Eli Saulsbury and the uncle of U.S. Senator Willard Saulsbury, Jr. Gove Saulsbury attended Delaware College in Newark and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Medical School in 1842. He married Rosina Jane Smith and had five children: Margaret, Olivia Smith, Rosa, Gove, and William. Saulsbury was a medical doctor and lived at the northwest corner of the Green in Dover. He and his family were members of the Methodist Church. Saulsbury's choice of religious denomination sparked some controversy within the family as both of his brothers were staunch Episcopalians. In 1861 he was President of the Delaware Medical Society. Professional and political career. Saulsbury was elected to the Delaware State Senate and served in the 1863/64 and 1865/66 sessions. He was the Speaker in the 1865/66 session and succeeded to the office of Governor of Delaware on the death of Governor William Cannon on March 1, 1865. Defeating James Riddle of New Castle County, he was elected to a full term in his own right in 1866, and continued in office until January 17, 1871. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1876. With Saulsbury as governor, the Democratic Party took full control in Delaware. Strongly opposed to the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, Saulsbury and the Democrats took every possible step to frustrate their implementation and deny the new rights given to African-Americans. This included the recommendation that African-Americans convicted of certain crimes be sold back into slavery. This fear-mongering was so successful that no Republicans were elected to the Delaware General Assembly in 1868, and hardly any were elected for many years thereafter. When Saulsbury's term was over, he wanted to assume the U.S. Senate seat held by his brother, Willard Saulsbury. Willard had compromised himself with a well-known drinking problem, and many wanted him replaced. Unfortunately for Gove Saulsbury, the third brother, Eli Saulsbury also wanted the seat. After much balloting in the General Assembly, it became apparent to Willard that he could not win, so he switched his votes to Eli, who consequently won. Gove Saulsbury returned to his medical practice full-time. Death and legacy. Saulsbury died at Dover and is buried at Wesley Methodist Church Cemetery. He was President of the Delaware Medical Society in 1861, and in 1873 was one of the founders of Wesley College in Dover. He was a strong and effective leader for a bitterly reactionary majority in Delaware, and his policies set the tone and the agenda for much political activity for a generation. According to Scharf, Saulsbury had "a deep sense of personal responsibility. He had a strong will and asserted his opinions earnestly and often, and as it seemed to those who differed with him, obstinately." Governor Robert J. Reynolds described him as "distinguished for his cunning. He was the slyest, cunningest man, and the most natural born politician Delaware ever produced." He was said to have "never apologized, compromised, or surrendered, unless it was in his interest." Almanac. Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1. Members of the Delaware General Assembly took office the first Tuesday of January. State senators have a four-year term. The governor takes office the third Tuesday of January and has a four-year term.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30385324

Vikna Wind Farm

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Vikna Wind Farm Vikna Wind Farm () was a wind farm located on Husfjellet, just west of the village of Garstad on the island Mellom-Vikna in the municipality of Nærøysund in Trøndelag county, Norway. The wind farm consisted of five wind turbines, with an installed capacity of (calculated as 3 x 0.4 MW + 2 x 0.5 MW), with an average annual production of . The wind farm began operation in 1991 and was owned by Nord-Trøndelag Elektrisitetsverk. It was decommissioned in 2015. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> External links. <templatestyles src="Stack/styles.css"/>

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73403570

Anthony J. Dias

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Anthony J. Dias Retired ExxonMobil materials scientist Anthony J. Dias is a retired ExxonMobil materials scientist known for scientific contributions in polyolefins and elastomers which led to commercialized products. Education. Dias earned a B.S. in chemistry from Kean College in 1982. He earned a Ph.D. in Polymer Science and Engineering from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1987 under Prof. Thomas J. McCarthy. Career. Dias joined ExxonMobil Chemical Company in 1988 and has held both research and management responsibilities. His most cited scientific work concerned the development of metallocene catalysts on a nonreacting polystrene support to replace reactive silica supports. Dias retired in June 2021 as Chief Scientist. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3167330

Dunstaffnage Castle

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Dunstaffnage Castle Castle in Argyll and Bute, Scotland, UK Dunstaffnage Castle () is a partially ruined castle in Argyll and Bute, western Scotland. It lies NNE of Oban, situated on a platform of conglomerate rock on a promontory at the south-west of the entrance to Loch Etive, and is surrounded on three sides by the sea. The castle and the nearby chapel ruin have been a Historic Scotland property since 1958. Both are Scheduled Ancient Monuments. The castle dates back to the 13th century, making it one of Scotland's oldest stone castles, in a local group which includes Castle Sween and Castle Tioram. Guarding a strategic location, it was built by the MacDougall lords of Lorn, and has been held since the 15th century by the Clan Campbell. To this day there is a hereditary Captain of Dunstaffnage, although they no longer reside at the castle. Dunstaffnage is maintained by Historic Environment Scotland, and is open to the public, although the 16th century gatehouse is retained as the private property of the Captain. The prefix "dun" in the name means "fort" in Gaelic, while the rest of the name derives from Norse "stafr-nis", "headland of the staff". History. Before Dunstaffnage. Before the construction of the castle, Dunstaffnage may have been the location of a Dál Riatan stronghold, known as Dun Monaidh, as early as the 7th century. It was recorded, by John Monipennie in 1612, that the Stone of Destiny was kept here after being brought from Ireland, and before it was moved to Scone Palace in 843. However, Iona and Dunadd are considered more likely, given their known connections with Dál Riatan and Strathclyde kings. Hector Boece records that the stone was kept at "Evonium", which has traditionally been identified with Dunstaffnage, although in 2010 the writer A. J. Morton identified Evonium with Irvine in Ayrshire. The MacDougalls. There was a castle here in the time of Somerled, Lord of the Isles. However, the castle became the seat of Duncan MacDougall, Lord of Lorn and grandson of Somerled in the second quarter of the 13th century. He had also travelled to Rome in 1237 and was the founder of nearby Ardchattan Priory. Duncan's son Ewen MacDougall inherited his father's title in the 1240s, and expanded the MacDougall influence, styling himself "King of the Isles" though that title belonged to the MacDonalds. It is probable that Ewen built the three round towers onto the castle, and constructed and enlarged the hall inside. Following Alexander III's repulse of the Norse influence in Argyll, the MacDougalls backed the Scottish monarchy, and Ewen's son Alexander was made the first sheriff of Argyll in 1293. However, they supported the Balliol side during the Wars of Scottish Independence which broke out a few years later. Robert Bruce defeated the Clan MacDougall at the Battle of the Pass of Brander in August 1308. After a brief siege, King Robert took control of the MacDougall castle of Dunstaffnage. He did not destroy it, as he did others, but appointed a constable and provisioned it, thinking to use it to guard the countryside and seaways. With the land he gave his friend, Angus Og Macdonald, Lord of the Isles, that included much of the MacDougall lands, including nearby Mull, the castle could be well used for that purpose by the Isleman. Royal fortress. Now a Crown property, Dunstaffnage was controlled by a series of keepers. James I seized the castle in 1431, following the Battle of Inverlochy, as his enemies were hiding inside. In 1455 James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas stayed at Dunstaffnage, on his way to treat with John MacDonald, Lord of the Isles. This followed James II's attack on Douglas power, and led to the signing of the Treaty of Westminster-Ardtornish. A later keeper, John Stewart of Lorn, was a rival of Alan MacDougall, and was stabbed by his supporters on his way to his marriage at Dunstaffnage Chapel in 1463, although he survived long enough to make his vows. Although MacDougall took the castle, he was ousted by James III, who granted Dunstaffnage to Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll in 1470. Clan Campbell. The Earls of Argyll appointed Captains to oversee Dunstaffnage, and keep it in readiness, on their behalf. Changes were made to the buildings, particularly the gatehouse, which was rebuilt around this time. The Campbells were loyal allies of the royal house, and Dunstaffnage was used as a base for government expeditions against the MacDonald Lords of the Isles, among others, during the 15th and 16th centuries. James IV visited Dunstaffnage on two occasions. Dunstaffnage saw action during the Civil War, holding out against Montrose's army in 1644. The castle was burned by royalist troops, following the failure of Argyll's Rising in 1685, against the Catholic James VII. During the Jacobite risings of 1715 and 1745, the castle was occupied by government troops. Flora MacDonald, who helped Bonnie Prince Charlie to escape from Scotland, was briefly imprisoned here while "en route" to imprisonment in London. According to W. Douglas Simpson the castle appears in Tobias Smollet's "Humphry Clinker", which although not naming Dunstaffnage, presents "a fair picture of life in the castle in the third quarter of the eighteenth century". Decline and restoration. The Campbells continued to add to the castle, building a new house over the old west range in 1725. However, the rest of the castle was already decaying. In 1810 an accidental fire gutted the gatehouse, and the Captains ceased to live here, moving to Dunstaffnage House some 2 km to the south-east. Tenants lived in the 1725 house within the castle until 1888. Restoration work was undertaken in 1903 by the Duke of Argyll, the castle's owner. This was followed in 1912 by a court case, in which the Court of Session ruled that Angus Campbell, the 20th hereditary Captain, had right of residence notwithstanding the Duke of Argyll's ownership. Works were delayed by World War I, and the planned total restoration was never completed. In 1958, the 21st Captain and the Duke agreed to hand the castle into state care, and it is now open to the public as a Historic Environment Scotland property. Description. Walls. Dunstaffnage is an irregular quadrangular structure of great strength, with rounded towers at three of the angles. It measures approximately , and has a circumference of about . The walls are of coursed rubble, with sandstone dressings, and stand up to 18 m (60 ft) high, including the conglomerate bedrock platform. The walls are up to 3 m (10 ft) thick, affording strong defence to this highly strategic location, guarding the entrance to Loch Etive and the Pass of Brander beyond, and today commanding a splendid view. The parapet walk, which once followed the whole of the walls, has been partially restored with new stone flags. The original parapet is now also gone. Arrow slits, later converted into gunloops, are the only openings. Brass cannon recovered from wrecked vessels of the Spanish Armada were once mounted on the walls. Round towers. Soon after the construction of the castle walls, three round towers were built on the north, east, and west towers. The north tower, or donjon, is the largest, comprising three or four storeys originally, and probably housed the lord's private apartments. The west tower is almost internal, barely projecting beyond the rounded corner of the curtain wall, and could only be entered via the parapet walk. The basement level contains a pit prison which was accessed from above. The east tower was almost completely rebuilt in the late 15th century as a gatehouse. Each tower was probably once topped by a conical roof. The gatehouse. The gatehouse was built by the Campbells in the late 15th century, replacing an earlier round tower in the east corner. It takes the form of a four-storey harled tower house, with the entrance passage running through half the vaulted basement, the other half forming guard rooms with arrow slits facing the gate. The present approach to the gate is by a stone stair, replacing an earlier drawbridge. The tower was remodelled in the 18th century to provide reception rooms and a private suite. The dormer windows at the top are capped by the pediments from the 1725 house (see below), and bear the date, the Campbell arms, and the initials AEC and DLC, for Aeneas Campbell, 11th Captain, and his wife Dame Lilias. The pediments were moved here during the 1903 restoration works. Internal ranges. The east range was located between the north and east towers, although only foundations remain. This was the principal range of buildings and contained a large hall above vaulted cellars. The hall had double-lancet windows, decorated with carved patterns, which were later blocked up; their outlines can be seen in the east curtain wall. A second range stood along the north-west wall, and would have been connected to the hall range by the donjon tower. The ground floor housed a kitchen. In 1725 the range was remodelled into a two-storey house, accessed via a stone stair, and topped with the dormer windows which now form part of the gatehouse. The well in front is original, although the large stone surround is of 19th century date. Dunstaffnage Chapel. A ruined chapel lies around to the south-west of the castle. This was also built by Duncan MacDougall of Lorn, as a private chapel, and features detailed stonework of outstanding quality. Experts believe that the chapel was built in the second quarter of the 13th century. The chapel is , and formerly had a timber roof. The lancet windows carry dog-tooth carving, and have fine wide-splayed arches internally. The chapel was already ruinous in 1740, when a burial aisle was built on to the east end, to serve as a resting place for the Campbells of Dunstaffnage. Captain of Dunstaffnage. Traditionally, an officer called the Hereditary Captain of Dunstaffnage is responsible for the castle and its defence. The office still exists, and to retain the title (now rather a sinecure without military significance), the incumbent is required to spend three nights a year in the castle. No other responsibilities or privileges now attach to the post. Castle ghost. A ghost, known as the "Ell-maid of Dunstaffnage", is said to haunt the castle. A type of gruagach, the ghost's appearances are said to be associated with events in the lives of the hereditary keepers. Notes. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67831403

Archibald Gamble

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Archibald Gamble Irish educator Archibald Gamble (1740–1784) was an Irish educator. Archibald Gamble was born to Sally Montgomery and Joseph Gamble near Banbridge, Ireland. Gamble spent some of his childhood in America and returned in 1768 to attend the College of Philadelphia. While studying for his bachelor's degree, he worked as a Latin tutor. He graduated in 1771 and the following year received a master's degree from the College of New Jersey. During the Revolutionary War, Gamble worked as an engineer under Major General Benjamin Lincoln and took part in the Siege of Charleston in South Carolina. In 1777, he married Mary Lisle, daughter of John Lisle of Philadelphia. Together they had four children: Sarah, Nancy, Archibald, and Thomas. Gamble returned to the University of Pennsylvania in 1782 as a professor of oratory and English language, a position which he held until he died in 1784. That same year, he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society. He is buried at the Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5696159

Parker Ranch

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Parker Ranch Working cattle ranch on the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaii Parker Ranch is a working cattle ranch on the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaii, now run by a charitable trust. History. The ranch was founded in 1847 and is one of the oldest ranches in the United States, pre-dating many mainland ranches in Texas and other southwestern states by more than 30 years. Spread across approximately of the island, Parker Ranch is among the nation's largest cattle ranches. A cowboy on the ranch is called a "paniolo" (Hawaiian language pronunciation of ), since the first cowboys were Spanish-speaking and came from Mexico. The Hawaiian language does not have the "s" sound. During World War II, part of the ranch was used as a United States Marine Corps training base called Camp Tarawa. The Second and Fifth Marine Divisions conducted training maneuvers there in preparation for the assault of Iwo Jima. The founder of the ranch was John Palmer Parker who assisted Kamehameha I in ridding the island of feral bulls and was granted land on which he established the ranch. From 1899 to 1937 it was managed by Alfred Wellington Carter (1867–1949). The last owner of the ranch, the actor Richard Smart, died in 1992. Since then the Ranch has been governed by the Parker Ranch Foundation Trust. The trust benefits the North Hawaii Community Hospital, Hawaii Preparatory Academy, Hawaii Community Foundation, and Parker School. Two of the ranch's historic homes, Puuopelu and Mana Hale, are open for free self guided tours at 66-1304 Mamalahoa Highway about one mile outside of Waimea town. This is also the location of the Corporate Headquarters. The Parker Ranch Arena and a racetrack are located off the Hawaii Belt Road at coordinates . The Ranch holds its annual July 4 Rodeo and Horses races at this Historic location. The Mauna Kea Beach Hotel, was developed and constructed by Laurance S. Rockefeller, on land purchased from Parker Ranch. Paniolo Cattle Company. Following a successful grass-fed beef trial on Hawaii Island, Parker Ranch and Ulupono Initiative announced the launch of the Paniolo Cattle Company, a joint venture aimed at statewide local beef production in March 2014. Paniolo Cattle Company began with 1,400 head of cattle to be raised at Parker Ranch. This represented the largest commitment of grass-fed beef by a single ranch in the state and increased the supply of grass-fed steers to the market by nearly 35 percent. The Paniolo Cattle Company grass fed beef can be found in island Safeway stores. 2020. According to president and CEO Dutch Kuyper, due to the COVID-19 pandemic Parker Ranch canceled their annual 4 July rodeo in 2020. They donated 6,500 pounds of grass-fed, ground beef to needy Hawaiians in Waimea. The Food Basket food bank gives it away at various locations in their Ohana Drops. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53606340

Kim McCraw

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Kim McCraw Canadian film producer Kim McCraw (born c. 1969) is a Canadian film producer and co-founder of the Montreal-based production company micro_scope, with Luc Déry. She was born in Granby, Quebec, and after graduating from Cégep de Granby became a director's assistant. McCraw met Dery while working on a short film in Granby. It was in 2004 that she joined the micro_scope team as a producer, and subsequently became a co-shareholder. With Dery, McCraw specialized in "smart, high-end pics designed to attract interest outside Canada". Their films "Incendies" (2010) and "Monsieur Lazhar" (2011) both won the Genie Award for Best Motion Picture, and both were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. McCraw co-produced "Inch'Allah" and personally went to Jordan to work on the film. She later produced "Gabrielle" (2013), which competed at the Locarno Film Festival. Filmography. Her films include: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25627109

Dromkeen ambush

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Dromkeen ambush Ambush during the Irish War of Independence The Dromkeen ambush took place on 3 February 1921, during the Irish War of Independence, at Dromkeen in County Limerick. The Irish Republican Army (IRA) ambushed a Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) patrol, killing 11 policemen. Ambush. The ambush was carried out by the flying columns of the East and Mid Limerick Brigades IRA, some 40 riflemen, under the command of Donnocha O'Hannigan commander of East Limerick Brigade Flying Column and Richard O'Connell commander of the Mid Limerick Brigade. Some time earlier the RIC had found the arms dump of the Mid-Limerick Brigade. Only one IRA volunteer—Liam Hayes—was wounded. Only two of the RIC got away. Nine were killed in action and another two were executed after being taken prisoner. Three of the dead RIC officers were Irish and the rest were British Black and Tans. In reprisal, British forces burnt ten homes and farms in the area. It has been claimed that three of the RIC dead were executed after they had surrendered. Particular suspicion for this alleged killing of prisoners has fallen on Maurice Meade, a former British soldier who was captured by the Germans in the First World War and had joined Roger Casement's Irish Brigade. In reprisal, at least eight local properties were destroyed. In February 2009, up to 2,000 people turned up for the unveiling of a memorial to the ambush. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14413127

Reservoir Dog

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Reservoir Dog Reservoir Dog is the seventh album by rapper Schoolly D. The album was released in 1995 via PSK Records and was produced by Schoolly D and Grizz Bear & Devine. Reviews were mostly positive; however, like his previous albums, the album was a commercial failure and did not chart on any album charts. The album featured one single, “Nigger Entertainment.” References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24689303

Edward Wilkins Waite

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Edward Wilkins Waite English painter Edward Wilkins Waite RBA (14 April 1854 – 1924) was a prolific English landscape painter. Waite was born in Leatherhead, Surrey, the son of the Rev. Edward Waite, MA, and his wife Cleopha Julia (née Dukes) – there were six sons and two daughters in total. His grandfather William Watkin Waite was a miniaturist, his father an amateur watercolourist, and three of his brothers – Charles, Harold and Arthur – also became artists. He was educated at the Mansion House Grammar School in Leatherhead. In 1874 he travelled to Ontario, Canada, to work as a lumberjack. On his return he took up painting as a profession, exhibiting often at the Royal Academy, London, from 1878 to 1919. He also exhibited at many other major galleries, in London and the regions, and became a member of the Royal Society of British Artists (RBA) in 1893. In 1891, Waite married Barbara Isabella Tait (1862–1950). They had one son and two daughters. They lived at Peaslake and Abinger Hammer, in Surrey, before moving to Woolhampton in Berkshire in 1910. They moved back to Surrey and then East Sussex in 1915. Waite died in Fittleworth, Sussex, in 1924. Waite was a landscape painter and worked in oils. Much of his output depicts rural scenes in his native Surrey.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40506377

2007 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship squads

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2007 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship squads

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Dialling (mathematics)

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Dialling (mathematics) In somewhat archaic applied mathematics, dialling is the mathematics required to create a sundial face to determine solar time based on the position of the sun. Those skilled in the art were referred to as dialists or gnomonists, the latter derived from the word gnomon, which was a device that used a shadow as an indicator. The mathematician William Oughtred published a book, "Easy Method of Mathematical Dialling", around 1600. Samuel Walker (1716–1782) was a Yorkshire mathematician and diallist. In his later years, Thomas Jefferson was known to practice dialling as a mental exercise. Professor of astronomy at Gresham College (London, UK), Samuel Foster (d. 1652), developed reflex dialling, which describes a device of his own invention: a sundial capable of reflecting a spot of light onto the ceiling of a room. Etymology. The word "dial" derives from the Latin term "dialis" ("daily"), and comes from the fact that a sundial throws a shadow related to the time of day. It was also used to describe the gear in a medieval clock which turned once per day. Notes. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12328449

Deir Ballut

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Deir Ballut Deir Ballut () is a Palestinian town located in the Salfit Governorate in the northern West Bank, south west of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of 3,873 in 2017. Location. Deir Ballut is located west of Salfit. It is bordered by Kafr ad Dik to its east, Al Lubban al Gharbi to the south, Kafr Qasem to the west, and Rafat to the north. History. Sherds from the Iron Age, Roman, Byzantine, Umayyad/Abbasid and Crusader/Ayyubid eras have been found here. The "great valley" of "Wadi Deir Ballut" was identified by Charles William Wilson (1836–1905) as the boundary between Judaea and Samaria, as defined by first-century historian Josephus. Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi records in 1226 that "Deir al-Ballut was a village of district around ar-Ramla." Ottoman era. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Deir Ballut belonged to the highland region known as Jūrat ‘Amra or Bilād Jammā‘īn. Situated between Dayr Ghassāna in the south and the present Route 5 in the north, and between Majdal Yābā in the west and Jammā‘īn, Mardā and Kifl Ḥāris in the east, this area served, according to historian Roy Marom, "as a buffer zone between the political-economic-social units of the Jerusalem and the Nablus regions. On the political level, it suffered from instability due to the migration of the Bedouin tribes and the constant competition among local clans for the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Ottoman authorities.” In 1838, it was noted as a Muslim village, "Deir Balut", in "Jurat Merda", south of Nablus. In 1870 Victor Guérin found it to be a village of one hundred and fifty people. However, judging by the extent of the ruins that covered the hill where it stood, Guérin thought it had once been a large city. Most houses were built with large stones. In 1882 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as "a small village, partly ruinous, but evidently once a place of greater importance, with rock-cut tombs. The huts are principally of stone. The water supply is from wells." To the west of the village are rock-tombs, from a Christian age. WWI and British Mandate era. During World War I, Deir Ballut was the site of a minor engagement between Turkish and British troops on March 12, 1918. In the 1922 census of Palestine Deir Ballut had a population of 384 inhabitants, all Muslim, rising to 532 in the 1931 census, still all Muslim, in a total of 91 houses. In the 1945 statistics the population was 720, all Muslim while the total land area was 14,789 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 508 dunams were for plantations and irrigable land, 3,488 for cereals, while 63 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas. Jordanian era. In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Deir Ballut came under Jordanian rule. In 1961, the population was 1,087. Post-1967. Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Deir Ballut has been under Israeli occupation. After the 1995 accords, 5.2% of village land was classified as Area B, the remaining 94.8% as Area C. Israel has confiscated 171 dunums of village land in for the Israeli settlements of Peduel and Alei Zahav. By 2020, there were reports about untreated sewage from the nearby Israeli settlements of Leshem, Peduel and Beit Aryeh-Ofarim being dumped on Deir Ballut land. In January 2021 the Israeli military authority had some 3,000 olive trees planted by the villagers uprooted. Many has been planted as long as 15 years earlier. The destruction,on the grounds that the area in question was, in Israeli law, Israeli state property, took place six days after a legal appeal had been made against the order. The authorities then stated that the uprooting occurred before knowledge of the filed appeal papers came to their notice. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> Bibliography. <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />

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Mezuzah

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Mezuzah Piece of parchment in a decorative case A mezuzah ( "doorpost"; plural: <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מְזוּזוֹת‎ mezuzot) is a piece of parchment inscribed with specific Hebrew verses from the Torah, which Jewish followers of Rabbinical Judaism affix to the doorposts of their homes. These verses are the Biblical passages in which the use of a mezuzah is commanded ( and ); they also form part of the Shema prayer. In mainstream Rabbinic Judaism, a "mezuzah" must generally be placed in every doorway in the home, with some exceptions such as bathrooms (which are not a living space) and small closets. The "klaf" is prepared by a qualified scribe (""sofer stam"") who has undergone training, both in studying the relevant religious laws, and in the more practical parts, i.e. carving the quill and practising writing. The verses are written in black indelible ink with a special quill pen made either from a feather or, now quite rare, a reed. The "klaf" is then rolled up and placed inside the case. Etymology. In the Bible, the word "mezuzah" only refers to the two 'doorposts' or 'doorjambs' of a door, the upright posts on either side of it which support the lintel, and appears in various contexts unrelated to any religious commandment or parchment. The word later acquired the modern meaning of piece of parchment in post-Biblical Hebrew due to the Deuteronomy commandment above requiring to write verses on doorposts. The word's origin is disputed: Purpose. In the Biblical verses where the mezuzah command is found, the purpose is educational, to constantly remind a person of God's commandments: <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />And these words, which I command thee this day, shall be upon thy heart; and thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thy house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up. And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thy hand, and they shall be for frontlets between thine eyes. And thou shalt write them upon the door-posts of thy house, and upon thy gates. In later generations, though, the mezuzah began to be interpreted as an apotropaic device, protecting the house from forces of evil. A culture-comparative analysis suggests that the objects placed on domestic thresholds often bear the function of an amulet repelling the broadly understood evil. Some early Rabbinic sources (including JT Megillah 4:12, BT Bava Metziya 102a, and BT Pesahim 113b) explicitly witness the belief in the anti-demonic function of mezuzot. While some Jewish sources indicate that mezuzah is construed as a device protecting against divine anger, others vehemently reject such an interpretation. The belief in the protective power of mezuzah is prevalent in modern times as well. In the 1970s after a series of terrorist attacks in Ma'alot, the representatives of Chabad-Lubavitch started the campaign for the systematic checking of mezuzahs. The general assumption underlying the action was that adhering to the "mitzvot" would guarantee personal safety. According to various pieces of sociological research, approximately three-quarters of adults in Israel believe that the mezuzah literally guards their houses. Design. The mezuzah must be written on parchment (klaf) by a specially trained scribe (sofer). Additional inscriptions. It is customary to write two inscriptions on the back of the parchment: "Shaddai", ["Almighty"] one of the biblical names of God, also serves here as an acronym for "Shomer Daltot Yisrael", "Guardian of Israel's doors". Many mezuzah cases are also marked with the Hebrew letter <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ש‎ (Shin), for "Shaddai". "" is a Caesar cipher—a one-letter shift—of the third, fourth, and fifth words of the Shema, "Adonai, Eloheinu, Adonai", "The Lord, our God, the Lord"; it is written on the back of the case, opposite the corresponding words on the front. This inscription dates from the 11th century and is found among the "Hasidei Ashkenaz" (medieval German Jewish mystics). The Sephardic custom (minhag) leaves out the phrase , and only the Hebrew word ("Shaddai") is written on the back of the mezuzah. This follows the Shulchan Aruch and the writings of the Rambam. The Ashkenazi custom of writing both phrases, however, was supported in the writings of the Remo. (Yoreh De'ah 288:15) In this regard it is worthwhile to refer to the often cited passage from Rambam's "Mishneh Torah" which states: It is a common custom to write [God's name,] Shaddai, on the outside of a mezuzah opposite the empty space left between the two passages. There is no difficulty in this, since [the addition is made] outside. Those, however, who write the names of angels, other sacred names, verses, or forms, on the inside [of a mezuzah] are among those who do not have a portion in the world to come. Not only do these fools nullify the mitzvah, but furthermore, they make from a great mitzvah [which reflects] the unity of the name of the Holy One, blessed be He, the love of Him, and the service of Him, a talisman for their own benefit. They, in their foolish conception, think that this will help them regarding the vanities of the world. Mezuzah cases. While the most important part of the mezuzah is the "klaf", or the parchment, and not the case itself, designing and producing mezuzah cases has been elevated to an art form over the ages. Mezuzah cases are produced from a wide variety of materials, from silver and precious metals, to wood, stone, ceramics, pewter, and even polymer clay. Some dealers of mezuzah cases will provide or offer for sale a copy of the text that has been photocopied onto paper; this is not a kosher (valid) mezuzah, which must be handwritten onto a piece of parchment by a qualified scribe. Practices. Affixing the mezuzah. Position and integrity. According to "halakha", the "mezuzah" should be placed on the right side of the door or doorpost, in the upper third of the doorpost (i.e., approximately shoulder height), within approximately of the doorway opening. Care should be taken to not tear or damage the parchment or the wording on it, as this will invalidate the "mezuzah", which is considered Torah. Angle. Where the doorway is wide enough, many Ashkenazi Jews tilt the mezuzah so that the top slants toward the room into which the door opens. This is done to accommodate the variant opinions of Rashi (1040–1105) and of his grandson, Rabbeinu Tam, as to whether it should be placed vertically (Rashi) or horizontally (Rabbeinu Tam), and also to imply that God and the Torah (which the mezuzah symbolizes) are entering the room. The compromise solution was suggested by Rabbi Jacob ben Asher (c. 1269 – c. 1343). Most Sephardi Jews, Mizrahi Jews and other non-Ashkenazi Jews affix the mezuzah vertically, though Spanish and Portuguese Jews living in countries where the majority of Jews are Ashkenazim usually place it slanting. Time. Generally, "halakha" requires Jews living in the diaspora (i.e., outside of the Land of Israel) to affix a "mezuzah" within 30 days of moving into a rented house or apartment. For a purchased home or apartment in the diaspora, or a residence in Israel (owned or rented), the mezuzah is affixed immediately upon moving in. The reason for this difference is that there is an assumption that when a Jew lives in Israel, Israel shall remain their permanent residence, whereas a home in the diaspora is temporary. Blessing. The procedure is to hold the "mezuzah" against the spot upon which it will be affixed, then recite a blessing: <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יי אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשַׁנוּ בְּמִצְו‌ֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ לִקְבּוֹעַ מְזוּזָה‎ Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who sanctified us with His "mitzvot", and commanded us to affix a "mezuzah". Any Jew can recite the blessing, provided they are old enough to understand the significance of the "mitzvah". After the blessing, the "mezuzah" is attached. When affixing several "mezuzot", it is sufficient to recite the blessing once, before affixing the first one. Touching the mezuzah. Whenever passing through the doorway, many people touch a finger to the mezuzah as a way of showing respect to God. Many people also kiss their finger after touching it to the mezuzah. Checking the parchment. Many observant Jews from all Jewish denominations have a qualified scribe check the mezuzot parchments for defects (such as small tears or faded lettering) at least twice every seven years. This job can be done by a sofer (scribe) or by anyone with similar training. A sofer also can make new mezuzot parchments which are in accordance with Jewish law. Karaite and Samaritan mezuzah. This article deals mainly with the "mezuzah" as it is used in Rabbinic Judaism, but Karaite Judaism and Samaritanism have their own traditions. In Karaite Judaism the Deuteronomic verse "And you shall write them on the doorposts of your houses and your gates" () is interpreted to be a metaphor and not as referring to the Rabbanite "mezuzah". Thus Karaites do not traditionally use "mezuzot", but put up a small plaque in the shape of the two Tablets of the Law with the Ten Commandments. In Israel, where they might try not to make other Jews feel uncomfortable, many Karaites make an exception and place a mezuzah on their doorpost as well. The Karaite version of the "mezuzah" is fixed to the doorways of public buildings and sometimes to private buildings, too. The Samaritans interpret the deuteronomic commandment to mean displaying any select text from the Samaritan version of the five Books of Moses. This can contain a blessing or a particularly holy or uplifting message. In the past they placed a stone plaque inscribed with the Ten Commandments above the house door, some examples dating back to the Byzantine (4th–7th century) and Early Muslim (7th–11th century) periods being now shown in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. Nowadays a Samaritan "mezuzah" is usually made of either marble, a wooden plate, or a sheet of parchment or high quality paper, on which they inscribe select verses from the Samaritan Torah. This they place either above the house door, or inside the house, in the entrance hall or at a prominent place on a large wall. These "mezuzot" are found in every Samaritan household as well as in the synagogue. Today some Samaritans would also use a Jewish-style mezuzah case and place inside it a small written Samaritan scroll, i.e. a text from the Samaritan Torah, written in the Samaritan alphabet. The more such "mezuzot" there are in the house, the better it is considered to be. Legal battles in the U.S.. The Jewish practice of affixing a mezuzah to the entranceway of a residential unit was rarely challenged in the United States or Canada, However, in Chicago in 2001, a condominium association at Shoreline Towers banned "mats, boots, shoes, carts or objects of any sort… outside unit entrance doors", which by board vote in 2004 was interpreted to be absolute. Shoreline Towers management removed the hallway mezuzot of condominium tenants. Complaints were subsequently filed with the Chicago Commission on Human Relations, Illinois Attorney General, and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, alleging housing discrimination on the basis of religion. Shoreline Towers was not the sole condominium association in Chicago with such a restriction, although one of them agreed to modify its rule. On reading a news report of the mezuzah dispute, Chicago alderman Burton Natarus drafted an amendment to the city's municipal code which made it illegal for a renter or owner of an apartment, house, or condo to be prohibited from "placing or affixing a religious sign, symbol or relic on the door, door post or entrance." Although there was opposition, it became law in Chicago that December. The first such legislation in North America, it included a maximum $500 fine for its violation. Notwithstanding this legislation, in 2006, a federal court judge determined that the rule did not violate the Federal Fair Housing Act; the district court upheld the opinion on appeal in 2008; in 2009, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit in Chicago reversed the 2008 decision, and the case proceeded. Meanwhile, records of the "Chicago Jewish Star" were unsuccessfully subpoenaed, and Illinois' anti-SLAPP legislation was applied. In 2011, a confidential settlement to the Shoreline Towers disputes was achieved. In 2006, a more narrowly focused amendment to the state's Condominium Property Act was initiated by Illinois Senator Ira Silverstein, the first such state law. In 2006, a woman in a condo building in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, was instructed to remove the mezuzah from her hallway unit and threatened with a fine. After a lengthy legal battle, the condo association was found guilty of discrimination. In 2008, House Bill 995, an amendment to the Florida Condominium Act, modeled on the Illinois state legislation, became law. In Texas in 2007, a couple living in Houston was instructed to "remove the item attached to your door frame" to avoid violating association rules. A legal battle ensued, during which a U.S. District Court judge ruled in 2008 on behalf of the condo association. Subsequently, the couple turned to Texas House of Representatives member Garnet F. Coleman. His bill to protect such religious displays, as introduced in 2009, was not adopted, but in June 2011 a slightly revised version (HB1278) was signed into law by Texas Governor Rick Perry. A bill designed to prevent mezuzah bans nationwide was proposed in 2008 (H.R. 6932) by U.S. Congressman Jerrold Nadler. It never became law. Citations. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47648689

WJS

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WJS WJS may refer to: Topics referred to by the same term <templatestyles src="Dmbox/styles.css" /> This page lists associated with the title .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30704198

Alpine Club Museum

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Alpine Club Museum The Alpine Club Museum () in Innsbruck, Austria is a museum dedicated to the history of alpinism. Located in the Hofburg in the Altstadt section of the city, the museum is owned by the Austrian Alpine Club (ÖAV). In 2009, the museum was assessed as "excellent" for the Tyrolean and Austrian Museum Prizes, and was also nominated for the European Museum Prize in 2010. History. The Alpine Club Museum was opened in 1911 in a former villa on the River Isar in Munich as the "Alpine Museum", following a key resolution by the German and Austrian Alpine Club in 1907. In 1944 it was destroyed by shelling, but fortunately the majority of the collection had already been moved to Tyrol in Austria. It was not until 1973, however, that the ÖAV had a part of the collection displayed in the Palace of Thurn and Taxis in Maria Theresia Straße. From 1977 the museum was located on the third floor of the newly built Alpine Club house in Wilhelm Greil Straße. In 1993 the exhibition floor was changed structurally and in 1996 they began to produce their own exhibitions. In 2002, the "Year of the Mountains", an exhibition was displayed for the first time in the public arena ("Vertical - The Innsbruck Northern Mountain Chain. An Exhibition in the City"). After the Alpine Club had moved to a new building in 2008 the old exhibition area was no longer available and a cooperative agreement was reached with the Hofburg whereby the permanent exhibition, "Mountains - an Incomprehensible Passion" ("Berge, eine unverständliche Leidenschaft"), would be displayed on an area of 700 m² on the first floor until 2012.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31855020

Robert Adams (sculptor)

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Robert Adams (sculptor) English sculptor and designer (1917–1984) Robert Adams (5 October 1917 – 5 April 1984) was an English sculptor and designer. Whilst not widely known outside of artistic circles, he was nonetheless regarded as one of the foremost sculptors of his generation. In a critical review of a retrospective mounted by the Gimpel Fils gallery in London in 1993, Brian Glasser of "Time Out" magazine described Adams as "the neglected genius of post-war British sculpture", a sentiment echoed by Tim Hilton in the "Sunday Independent", who ranked Adams' work above that of his contemporaries, Ken Armitage, Reg Butler, Lynn Chadwick and Bernard Meadows. Education and early life. Adams attended the village school in Hardingstone, Northamptonshire, now a suburb of the town of Northampton. He lived there until 1951. He left school at age 14 and did various manual jobs, firstly as a van-boy for a printer and later with the agricultural engineering company, Cooch & Sons, where experience gained in crafting metals proved useful in his later artistic creations. From 1937 to 1946 he attended evening classes part-time in life drawing and painting at the Northampton School of Art. During the Second World War, Adams was a conscientious objector, but joined the Civil Defence as a fire warden. Career. Some of his first sculptures were exhibited in London between 1942 and 1944 as part of group shows by artists working for Civil Defence In April 1946 he exhibited fourteen of his early oil portraits in the Northampton Public Library. Between 23 November 1947 and 3 January 1948, he held his first one-man exhibition at Gimpel Fils Gallery, 84 Duke Street, London. From 1949 until 1959 he taught at the Central School of Art and Design in London. Whilst there he came into contact with Victor Pasmore and artists such as Kenneth Martin and Mary Martin who were pursuing the development of Constructivist ideas in Britain. In the period 1950 to 1980 he was recognised as one of Britain's foremost abstract sculptors. His work was exhibited at the Venice Biennale in 1952 and again when he represented Britain with a retrospective occupying two galleries in 1962. Some of his works are in the Tate Britain collection and the modern art in New York, Rome, and Turin, the São Paulo Museum of Modern Art and several other locations worldwide but he is virtually unknown in his home town. "Apocalyptic Figure" was commissioned by the Arts Council England for the Festival of Britain in 1951. Some of his large-scale sculptures can be seen at The Custom House, London, Heathrow Airport, Shell Mex House, London, and the Musiktheater im Revier, Gelsenkirchen, Germany. One of his works is in the Contemporary Art Museum of Macedonia. He had a retrospective at the Northampton Art Gallery in 1971. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63087747

Barbara Pollet

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Barbara Pollet Austrian tennis player Barbara Pollet (born 17 May 1963) is an Austrian former professional tennis player. Pollet, who comes from Salzburg, played in two Federation Cup ties for Austria in 1985, against Japan and the USSR. While competing on the professional tour she reached a career high singles ranking of 192 in the world, which was attained in 1986. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32920228

Le songe d'une nuit d'été

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Le songe d'une nuit d'été Le songe d'une nuit d'été ("A Midsummer Night's Dream") is an opéra-comique in three acts composed by Ambroise Thomas to a French libretto by Joseph-Bernard Rosier and Adolphe de Leuven. Although it shares the French title for Shakespeare's play, "A Midsummer Night's Dream", its plot is not based on the play. Shakespeare himself is a character in the opera as are Elizabeth I and Falstaff. Performance history. The opera was premiered on 20 April 1850 by the Opéra-Comique at the second Salle Favart in Paris. The role of Elizabeth was intended for Delphine Ugalde, who was too ill to sing at the premiere but later took over the part. English commentators often find certain aspects of the plot in questionable taste. However, the opera was very successful in France. It was revived at the Opéra-Comique on 22 September 1859 and again during the International Exposition of 1867 with Marie Cabel, Victor Capoul, Léon Achard, and Pierre Gailhard in the cast. A revised version was mounted on 17 April 1886 with Adèle Isaac as the Queen. According to "The New York Times" reviewer in Paris, she acted "with rare discretion and dignity, and the wide scope of the register taxed by the composer is wonderfully served by her natural voice, in which the low tones are as full and reliable as the upper notes are easy, sweet, and flutelike. Her perfect vocalization permits the wildest flights into the most elevated realm of stacatti and trill, while the many dramatic recitatives are just as well served by her sure instinct and by the homogeneous quality and range of her registers. From the beginning to the end, even in the taxation of the cadenze of the second act, her full, rich tones were as sure, as melodious, as velvety, and as flexible as if she were not accomplishing almost impossible feats of execution." The cast also included Victor Maurel as Shakespeare and the baritone Émile-Alexandre Taskin as "the stout, ponderous … Falstaff, and the extension of his voice permits him to give full value to the part originally written for a bass." Internationally, the opera was first performed in Liège on 24 March 1851, Brussels on 27 September 1851, New Orleans in 1851, and Frankfurt (in German) on 22 April 1852. In New York it was presented by the New Orleans company in French on 21 June 1852 at Niblo's Garden. It was not well received by the critic of the "Spirit of the Times" (26 June 1852), who wrote: "Queen Elizabeth, Falstaff, and Shakespeare are introduced under the most ridiculous circumstances, and in absurd relations to each other. We could forgive our Gallic friends for scandalizing Queen Bess and rendering fat Jack ridiculous, but to profane the memory of the sweet Swan of Avon by introducing his name into such balderdash is at once an insult to all who reverence him and an evidence that the French are wholly ignorant of his glorious works. Poor fellows!" The opera was first presented in English in New York on 15 October 1877 in a translation by M. A. Cooney. Other international first performances include Vienna (in German) on 12 January 1854, Berlin (in German) on 2 February 1854, Geneva in March 1854, Buenos Aires on 7 October 1854, Barcelona on 1 August 1868, Lisbon on 10 April 1878, Mexico on 24 April 1879, Padua (in Italian) on 24 February 1897, and Glasgow (in English as "A Poet's Dream", translated by W. B. Kingston) on 18 February 1898. Twentieth-century performances include a revival in Paris at the Trianon-Lyrique on 12 November 1915, one in Lille as late as 13 February 1936, and another in Brussels on 27 September 1937. The opera was revived (for the inauguration of the Channel Tunnel) on 7 May 1994 at the Théâtre Impérial de Compiègne by Pierre Jourdan and was later released on DVD. Setting: Sixteenth-century England Synopsis. Act 1. "The Tavern of the Siren in Richmond, London" In some unexplained way Queen Elizabeth and Olivia, her maid of honor, were separated from the royal cortège in the park at Richmond. Having been pursued by sailors, they take refuge in a tavern, where they find William Shakespeare, surrounded by his comrades, occupied in drinking. The Queen, who is masked, tries in vain to recall to the mind of the poet a sense of better things. He mocks at her preaching, and goes on drinking. Presently he rolls under the table, and presents a shocking spectacle of intoxication. Elizabeth orders Sir John Falstaff, governor of Richmond Palace, to transport Shakespeare to the park surrounding that palace. Act 2. "The park of Richmond Palace" It is night; the waters of the lake, the moonlight shining through the branches of the trees, the general effect of a deep forest, all combine to confuse the senses of Shakespeare upon his awakening. He hears harmonious sounds; presently he sees a white form, and a voice is heard. It is that of his muse, who reproaches him for his neglect and his threatened abandonment of her. The poet, instantly captivated by the apparition, soon perceives that his good genius is no other than a charming woman. He advances towards her, and Olivia, terrified by the situation in which the Queen has placed herself by impersonating the apparition, substitutes herself for her royal mistress. Latimer, an admirer of Olivia is nearby and having seen Shakespeare's responses, and despite the poet's protests, challenges him to a duel. The encounter takes place immediately, and after a few passes Latimer falls. Olivia is dismayed, and, joined by the Queen, betrays the royal incognita. Shakespeare, who believes that he has killed Lord Latimer, takes flight and throws himself into the river. He is fished out in a faint and carried to his lodgings. Act 3. "Whitehall Palace" The Queen orders Sir John and the other actors in this nocturnal comedy to forget everything that they have seen, and then sends for Shakespeare. The poet immediately imagines that the Queen is in love with him. He arrives transported with rapture and finds himself received and mocked as a dreamer. Elizabeth alone has pity upon his despair, and says to the poet: "But for you the events of this night shall be a dream to all the world," meaning, no doubt, that in that night's happenings the inspiration should be found for Shakespeare's exquisite fantasy, "A Midsummer Night's Dream". References. Notes <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> Sources

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7258846

Vicious Cycle (album)

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Vicious Cycle (album) Vicious Cycle is the twelfth studio album by Lynyrd Skynyrd, released in 2003. It was the first album recorded by the band following the death of original bassist Leon Wilkeson, who appears on two songs, "The Way" and "Lucky Man", and the song "Mad Hatter" is a tribute to him. The album is the first to feature bassist Ean Evans, the first mainstream album with Michael Cartellone on drums (who had previously appeared on "Christmas Time Again"), and the last album that guitarist Hughie Thomasson played on before he died. It included the single "Red, White & Blue" which peaked at number 27 on the US Mainstream Rock charts. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27978662

Polenovo

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Polenovo Polenovo is the Museum Estate of Vasily Polenov. It is situated at the high right bank of the Oka river in the Tula Region, Russia. The estate (called Borok at that time) was acquired by Polenov in 1891. The white three-storied house was designed by Polenov himself. It was built in 1892. After the death of Polenov in 1927 his relatives transferred all his collections and property to the state. The House Museum was established in 1939. It was renamed into Museum Estate of V.D. Polenov in 1950s. In 1983 the Estate was turned into State Memorial History, Art and Natural Museum Reserve. Vasily Polenov's great-granddaughter Natalia Polenova has been director of the museum since 2011. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10453190

Jacopo di Cione

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Jacopo di Cione 14th century Italian painter Jacopo di Cione (c. 1325 – c. 1399) was an Italian Gothic period painter in the Republic of Florence. Life and career. Born in Florence between 1320 and 1330, he is closely associated with his three older brothers Andrea di Cione di Arcangelo (called Orcagna), Nardo di Cione and Matteo di Cione. The di Cione (pronounced dee choh’ nay) brothers often worked collaboratively. Jacopo lived in the popolo Sancte Marie Novelle and, later in life, in the popolo Sancti Laurentii. In 1366–68 Jacopo worked on a large chamber in the guildhall of the judges and notaries, Florence (a surviving altarpiece with Crucifixion is in the National Gallery, London). After Andrea's death in 1368 Jacopo took over some of his brother's commissions, for example guaranteeing to complete a painting of the Virgin and assuming responsibility for the altarpiece of St Matthew, both for the Orsanmichele, Florence. He enrolled in the Arte dei Medici e Speziali in 1369, and was one of the consuls of the guild in 1384, 1387 and 1392. Jacopo also worked regularly with the painter Niccolò di Pietro Gerini. In 1370–71 they produced the polyptych for the high altar of the church of San Pier Maggiore, Florence. Niccolò was paid for the overall design, while Jacopo seems to have been responsible for the narratives. The altarpiece is one of the largest commissioned in fourteenth-century Florence, and was probably commissioned by the Albizzi family. The twelve main panels of the altarpiece are in the National Gallery, London, but the predella showing scenes from the life of Saint Peter has been dispersed. The two painters again collaborated in 1372–73 on the large panel of the Coronation of the Virgin commissioned by the mint of Florence, and in 1386 they received the commission for a fresco of the Annunciation for the council chamber in the Palazzo dei Priori, Volterra. Between 1378 and 1380 Jacopo worked in the Florence Cathedral – he is recorded as Matteo guarantor – and continued to procure marble for the cathedral workshop after his brother's death. Later Jacopo probably also executed gilding decoration for twelve marble statues for the jamb of the main porch, and completed other work in the cathedral. In 1382 and 1385 Jacopo is recorded working at the Loggia dei Priori, Florence, and in 1386 he provided four panel paintings to the Avignon office of the merchant Francesco di Marco Datini from Prato. In 1391 Jacopo painted the altar for the Church of San Lorenzo in Florence (now in the Honolulu Museum of Art). He died in Florence, after 2 May 1398 and before 1400. Claims for restitution. In 2020 di Cione's "Madonna Nursing the Christ Child with Saints Lawrence and Margaret" was the object of a settlement between the estate of Hester Diamond and heir of August Liebmann Mayer, a German Jewish art historian and curator who was killed at Auschwitz in 1944. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33714975

2011 Kakkonen – Finnish League Division 2

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2011 Kakkonen – Finnish League Division 2 League tables for teams participating in Kakkonen, the third tier of the Finnish soccer league system, in 2011. Promotion playoffs. BK-46 qualify for final 1 – 0 SJK qualify for final 4 – 1 SJK promoted 5 – 1 on aggregate Footnotes. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68348189

2014 Campeonato Mineiro

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2014 Campeonato Mineiro Football championship of Minas Gerais, Brazil The 2014 Campeonato Mineiro was the 100th edition of the state championship of Minas Gerais organized by the FMF. The competition began on 26 January and ended on 13 April 2014. The competition was won by Cruzeiro winning their 38th Campeonato Mineiro. The final consisted of two 0-0 draws between Cruzeiro and Atlético Mineiro so Cruziero won the title by virtue of their superior performance in the first stage. Cruzeiro were unbeaten throughout the competition. Format. First stage. The 2014 Módulo I first stage was contested by 12 clubs in a single round-robin tournament. The four best-placed teams qualified for the final stage and the bottom two teams were relegated to the 2015 Módulo II. The two best-placed teams not already qualified for the 2014 seasons of the Série A, Série B or Série C, gained berths in the 2014 Série D. Knockout stage. The knockout stage was played between the 4 best-placed teams from the previous stage in a two-legged tie. If two teams tied on aggregate goals, the team that had the better results in the first stage would win the tie. First stage. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Semi-finals. "Atlético Mineiro advanced to the finals." "Cruzeiro advanced to the finals." Finals. "Tied 0–0 on aggregate, Cruzeiro were declared champions due to their better performance in the first stage." Final classification. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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Feel (Kendrick Lamar song)

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Feel (Kendrick Lamar song) "Feel" (stylized as "FEEL.") is a song by American rapper Kendrick Lamar, from his fourth studio album "Damn", released on April 14, 2017. The fifth track on the album (tenth on the "Collector's Edition" of "Damn"), the song was written by Lamar and Mark Spears, a.k.a. Sounwave, and produced by Sounwave. The song features bass from bass guitarist Thundercat and vocals from Chelsea Blythe. Lyrics. The song sees Lamar taking a deeper look into the void and isolation caused by fame and success, specifically how he feels detached from his family and friends. A common recurrence in "Feel" is the phrase "Ain't nobody prayin' for me", a sentiment that Lamar "revisits elsewhere". Critical reception. In a positive review, writers of "Rolling Stone" magazine said "with round, textured notes from the Grammy-winning bass virtuoso Thundercat and a rickety, rim-shot drum pulse, "Feel" nods to the live-musician inflections of "To Pimp a Butterfly" – or the sixth track from last year's "untitled unmastered." Ann Powers of "NPR Music" also gave a positive review, saying "Feel" was the first song that "jumped out" at her on "Damn". Powers also commented that the song is reminiscent of "To Pimp a Butterfly". Samples. The song contains a sample of the song "Stormy" by American musician O. C. Smith from the album "For Once in My Life". It also contains interpolations from "Don't Let Me Down" by Fleurie from the album "Love and War". Live performances. Lamar has performed "Feel" as an encore on the Damn tour. Credits and personnel. Credits adapted from the official "Damn" digital booklet. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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Brian Wickstrom

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Brian Wickstrom American athletic director Brian Wickstrom, (born July 2, 1969) is an American college athletics administrator. Wickstrom served as athletic director at the University of California, Riverside from 2011 to 2013, the University of Louisiana at Monroe from 2013 to 2017, and the University of the Incarnate Word from 2017 to 2019. Wickstrom graduated with his bachelor's and master's degrees in Business Administration from Kansas State University where he was a track and field athlete. He earned a Master of Sports Administration from Ohio University in 1999 and a Doctor of Education/Educational Leadership from Eastern Michigan University in 2006. On August 16, 2017, Wickstrom was named the new athletic director for the University of the Incarnate Word. Wickstrom left Incarnate Word on August 12, 2019. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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The Bottom

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The Bottom The Bottom (formerly Botte) is the capital and largest town of the island of Saba, the Caribbean Netherlands, and is the first stop on the way from Saba's Port in Fort Bay towards the rest of the island. In 2001, it had 462 inhabitants of the total 1,349 islanders. History. The Bottom was founded in 1632 by colonists from Zeeland. The original name of the town was "De Botte", old Dutch for "The Bowl", referring to its geographical position in a valley surrounded by the various mountains. The island attracted Irish and Scottish settlers, and the main language became English. "The Bottom" is an English corruption of this name. Infrastructure. The Bottom is home to the government offices, a hospital, a nursing home, a sports field, three churches, a library, various shops and the 200 students of the Saba University School of Medicine. Events. As capital of the island, The Bottom hosts a number of events throughout the year. During the summer, Saba's Carnival, a parade and mass festival, is held just before the Catholic period of Lent. An explosion of colour, music and energy, Carnival parades are accompanied by the music of steel drums and the works of local artists. It is a highly anticipated event on the Saban calendar, when most of the island comes together to dance, sing and enjoy the season. The Saba Carnival usually lasts for a few days, in which the majority of the island's population congregates at The Bottom. Another event held in The Bottom is "Saba Day". This is the celebratory national day of the island, when all offices, schools and businesses are closed. The islanders honour their diversity and culture through various activities, performances and parades. The Bottom hosts a concert at the sports field, where local (and neighbouring) Caribbean artists come to perform. There are fishing competitions at sea, drawing competitions for children, dance performances, cookouts, and more. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> External links. Media related to at Wikimedia Commons

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33768429

Ann J. Land

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Ann J. Land Ann J. Chambers Land (March 12, 1932 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – March 9, 2010 in Sea Isle City, New Jersey) was a member of the Philadelphia City Council and a member of the Democratic Party. Early life. Land was a native of North Philadelphia, where she attended John W. Hallahan Catholic Girls High School. After graduating from high school in 1950, she was an office worker, and later became a librarian at the Pennsylvania Senate. Political involvement. She was an active campaigner for John F. Kennedy, and later became a member of the Philadelphia's Democratic Committee. In the late 1970s, she was elected leader of the 38th Ward. City council. In 1980, she won a special election to the Philadelphia City Council, after incumbent George Schwartz resigned in the wake of the Abscam scandal. She was re-elected 1983, and in 1987, she won a second full-term by defeating challenger Michael Nutter. Defeat and later life. In 1991, Nutter again challenged Land, and this time was successful. Nutter would go on to wage a successful campaign for Mayor in 2007. After her defeat, Land was a community-relations specialist with Philadelphia Gas Works. Personal life. Land married her husband, John, in 1954. He was a beverage distributor with a business in West Philadelphia. The couple had five children. She died of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in March 2010 at her home in Sea Isle City, New Jersey. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37899371

A Quiet Drink

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A Quiet Drink A Quiet Drink is the third novel by the English author Deborah Moggach, first published in 1980. Unlike her previous novels it departs from the autobiographical. Plot introduction. The book is set in London and concerns Claudia, a magazine editor whose husband has just left her, Steve Mullen, a cosmetics representative, and his wife June. Claudia is still yearning after her husband but then finds herself a lodger, the mysterious Alistair, a librarian who keeps a diary which Claudia is desperate to read. Steve is realising his marriage to June is beginning to lose its sparkle, while June has given up her job and is spending time at the library trying to educate herself. Eventually Steve and Claudia meet and go for "a quiet drink" which has far-reaching consequences. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43831922

Gino Pozzo

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Gino Pozzo Italian businessman and football club owner(born 1965) Gino Pozzo (born 1965) is an Italian businessman and managing director and legal owner of Watford Football Club, who owns a sports investment group focused on the football sector. Early life. He is son of Italian businessman Giampaolo Pozzo and a member of the prominent Italian business-owning Pozzo family. Career. Pozzo got his start in football as soon as he left university in his early 20s and has built his career around talent scouting and development of high-potential players. Pozzo is reportedly heavily involved in the day-to-day running of Watford F.C., as well as negotiating transfers between his father's football club Udinese Calcio in Italy. Over the past decade, Pozzo and his family have become notable for their multi-club ownership strategies, including transferring players between Watford F.C., Udinese Calcio, and Granada CF (with Granada CF sold to Chinese businessman Jiang Lizhang in June 2016). Pozzo runs an international scouting team of 25 to 30 people who seek players through attending every significant competition around the world, especially in developing markets like South America, Africa, and Eastern Europe. Pozzo is reported to have a pattern of investing small sums of money into high-risk players. His larger clubs' network has helped his business to minimize player acquisition costs while maximizing the profit from surging transfer fees as players are transferred and loaned among 'sister clubs' and later sold at a premium achieving high returns. Pozzo's career experience and business model has led to identifying talent at his three clubs and has been consistently applied to Udinese Calcio for over 25 years, leading some to call it the "talent factory". Granada CF and Watford achieved promotion to La Liga and Premier League, respectively, through Pozzo's network and transformation from distressed situations. Pozzo's success includes the development of the clubs' own stadiums. Watford F.C.. In June 2012, he and his father acquired Watford Football Club from previous owner Laurence Bassini. Pozzo became the sole owner in 2014. Pozzo is often found at the training grounds and has been known to monitor all players through GPS devices that track the players' performance data while in training. He is known to have minimal contact with players and addresses them as little as once per year, yet observes his teams locally on a weekly basis. All major decisions regarding the trading of players are made between Gino Pozzo, Scott Duxbury (chief executive of Watford Football Club), and Cristiano Giaretta (technical director of WFC). They have been known to acquire many players from South America, citing lower wage costs however still being highly skilled athletes. Watford were promoted from the Football League Championship to the Premier League on 25 April 2015. Since 2015, Watford Football Club's annual revenues have increased by more than £100m. In 2019, Watford made it to the FA Cup Final but were beaten by Manchester City. In the 2019/20 season, Watford finished in 19th place in the Premier League and were relegated to the EFL Championship. In the 2020/21 season, Watford finished in 2nd place in the EFL Championship and were promoted back into the Premier League. In the 2021/22 season, Watford finished in 19th place in the Premier League and were relegated back to the EFL Championship. In the 2022/23 season, Watford finished in 11th place in the EFL Championship and remained there Personal life. Pozzo is married to Carla Pozzo and they have two daughters and a son together. They have been living outside London since they left Spain. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73758914

Jan Szczepski

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Jan Szczepski Jan Bogusław Szczepski (12 December 1910 – 12 December 2011) was a Polish ornithologist. He was the founder of the Gdañsk ornithological research station and conducted studies on bird migration. Szczepski was born in Warsaw and grew up in Poznañ where he went to high school. In 1933 he became a ringer and began to study agriculture at the University of Poznan but his studies were interrupted in 1939 by World War II. He served in the underground home army and took part in the Warsaw Uprising. After 1945 he graduated as an agricultural engineer. In 1946 he joined the polish ringing centre and began to reorganize the activities and setting up a network of ringers across the country. He also examined the role of birds in control of the Colorado beetle ("Leptinotarsa decemlineata"). In 1957 he established a ringing centre in Górki Wschodnie, Sobieszewo Island near Gdañsk and worked there until his retirement in 1976. He published extensively both in scientific journals and in the popular media. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7258441

Pierre Carette

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Pierre Carette Belgian terrorist Pierre Carette (born 21 September 1952 in Charleroi, Belgium) was the leader of the Belgian extreme-left terrorist group Communist Combatant Cells or CCC. Although Carette was sentenced to lifelong imprisonment for terrorist attacks, he was released in 2003. However, he was briefly arrested again on 5 June 2008 because of a parole violation, but was released by the court on 18 June. Life and work. Pierre Carette became politically active when establishing a committee striving for the release of captured members of the Red Army Faction (RAF) in West Germany. Before that, he had already distributed documents calling for armed struggle against capitalism, including translation of RAF-pamphlets. In 1982, he published a magazine called "Subversion" for a while. Shortly afterwards, he was a driving force for the establishment of the CCC. Starting in October 1984, this group carried out a series of attacks on political and military targets (but not people), until the apprehension of Carette and three other members in a fastfood restaurant in Namur on 16 December 1985. The CCC-members were brought to trial in 1988. In October 1988, Carette was sentenced to lifelong imprisonment, mainly because of an attack on the building of the Federation of Belgian Enterprises (VBO) in Brussels on 1 May 1985, when two Firefighters were killed in spite of a warning. On 23 February 2003, Carette was the last CCC-member to be released from prison. In October 2002, he had given an interview to journalists of the VRT television program "Ter Zake" without permission. In September 2003, he confronted Wilfried Martens on the television program "Nachtwacht". Martens was the prime minister of Belgium at the time of the attacks, and even received police protection against the CCC. Carette stated that he still has the same convictions and that his struggle continues. Pierre Carette was arrested again on 5 June 2008, after police arrested a number of Belgians with ties to the Political-Military Communist Party, which had been plotting terror attacks in Italy. Some of those arrested had been CCC-members, and it was found that he had re-established contact with them, which had been prohibited by his parole conditions. However, as his parole conditions had been modified to allow him to have contact with his CCC associates in a peaceful context, and the police had not bugged his telephone calls with Bertrand Sassoye, there was no way to prove that his contact with Sassoye had been other than peaceful.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9982153

Exapostilarion

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Exapostilarion The Exapostilarion (, pl. ἐξαποστειλάρια "Exapostilaria"; Russian Ексапостила́рий) is a hymn or group of hymns chanted in the Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholic Churches at the conclusion of the Canon near the end of Matins. The Exapostilarion is chanted after the Little Litany that follows the Ninth Ode of the Canon. Overview. The term "exapostilarion" is related to the word Apostle, which itself is derived from a Greek word meaning “sent out.” It has this name because in ancient times a chanter was sent out from the choir into the center of the church to chant this hymn. The exapostilaria ask God to enlighten the minds of the faithful that they might worthily praise the Lord in the verses of the Lauds which follow, and in the Great Doxology. At simple services on weekdays, especially during Great Lent, the normal exapostilaria are replaced with the Photagogicon (; Slavonic: Светиленъ "Svetilen", pl. Светилны, "Svyetilniy"), "Hymn of Light." The Lenten form of the photagogica are chanted in the Tone of the Week, are of a penitential nature, and are similar in performance to the Triadica (Hymns to the Trinity) that were sung near the beginning of Matins. On Sundays, just before the exapostilarion the canonarch (or, the deacon in Russian practice) recites the verses for the singing of “Holy is the Lord our God” three times. On Sundays, the theme of the Exapostilarion reflects the concept of the Myrrh-bearing Women being sent to bring the Good News (Gospel) of the Resurrection of Christ to the Apostles, and is drawn from the Resurrection Gospel that was chanted before the Canon. During Holy Week the Exapostilarion is of great significance and is solemnly chanted in the center of the church by three singers (or by the entire choir). The Matins service on most of the Days of Holy Week is referred to as the "Bridegroom Prayer," after the theme of the Exapostilarion for those days: "I see Thy bridal chamber adorned..." (a reference to the Tomb of Christ). At Pascha (Easter) the Exapostilarion is chanted first by the clergy and then repeated twice by the choir to a particularly joyful melody. In the flesh Thou didst fall asleep as a mortal man, O King and Lord. Thou didst rise on the third day, raising Adam from corruption, and destroying death: O Pascha of incorruption, the Salvation of the world! Notes. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42934680

Davis Ducart

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Davis Ducart Davis Ducart (active from c. 1761, died 1780/81), was an architect and engineer in Ireland in the 1760s and 1770s. He designed several large buildings and engineering projects. He had associations with the canal builders of the time and the mining industry and worked on many projects in the County Tyrone coalfield. Early life and identity. His origins are uncertain, but thought to be Piedmontese and/or Sardinian. No relatives were mentioned in his will. Richard Killeen (2012) states that Ducart was an architect from Sardinia. Major projects in Ireland. In Limerick Ducart produced the plan of plots to be leased in the Georgian extension of the city known as Newtown Pery and also those of the Custom House (1769), now home to the Hunt Museum. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15347050

NDUFS5

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NDUFS5 Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the "NDUFS5" gene. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> Further reading. <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=217685

Dyan Cannon

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Dyan Cannon American actress and filmmaker Dyan Cannon (born Samille Diane Friesen, January 4, 1937) is an American actress, filmmaker and editor. Her accolades include a Saturn Award, a Golden Globe Award, three Academy Award nominations and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She was named Female Star of the Year by the National Association of Theatre Owners in 1973 and the Hollywood Women's Press Club in 1979. A former beauty queen who held the title of Miss West Seattle, Cannon made her television debut in 1958. Over the next decade, she became a common sight on episodic shows while appearing occasionally on Broadway and in B-movies. In 1969, she had her breakthrough film role in the sex comedy "Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice", for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Cannon was nominated in that category again for "Heaven Can Wait" (1978), earning her a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture, and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama for her lead role in "Such Good Friends" (1971). She also was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film as the producer of "Number One" (1976). Other films in which Cannon has performed include "The Love Machine" (1971), "Shamus" (1973), "The Last of Sheila" (1973), "Child Under a Leaf" (1974), "Revenge of the Pink Panther" (1978), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), "Coast to Coast" (1980), "Deathtrap" (1982), "Author! Author!" (1982), "Caddyshack II" (1988), "8 Heads in a Duffel Bag" (1997), "Out to Sea" (1997), and "Boynton Beach Club" (2005). Cannon made her feature directorial debut with 1990's semi-autobiographical drama "The End of Innocence", which she also wrote and starred in. From 1997 to 2000 she played a recurring role on the legal series "Ally McBeal". Before her career took off, Cannon was married to Cary Grant for three years and gave birth to his only child, daughter Jennifer. Reluctant to discuss the marriage since their 1968 divorce, Cannon turned down publishing deals following Grant's death in 1986. Her memoir "Dear Cary" (2011) became a New York Times Best Seller. In 2023, the book was adapted into a miniseries for ITV called "Archie" with Cannon executive producing. Early life. Cannon was born Samille Diane Friesen in Tacoma, Washington, on January 4, 1937, the daughter of housewife Claire ("née" Portnoy) and life insurance salesman Ben Friesen. She was raised in the Jewish faith of her mother, who was an immigrant from Ukraine; her father was Anabaptist of Canadian Mennonite ancestry. Her younger brother is jazz musician David Friesen. Cannon attended West Seattle High School and was crowned Miss West Seattle in 1954. She spent two-and-a-half years at the University of Washington. In 1957, Cannon dropped out of college and went to live with her aunt Sally in Phoenix, Arizona, where she took a job at Merrill Lynch & Co. Courted by a traveling businessman, she got engaged and followed her fiancé to Los Angeles. They soon parted, but she decided to stay in the area and enroll at UCLA. A part-time modeling job led to an interview with producer Jerry Wald, who suggested she change her last name to Cannon. She signed to MGM, doing promotional work for the film "Les Girls", and studied with acting teacher Sanford Meisner. Career. Cannon made her film debut in 1960 in "The Rise and Fall of Legs Diamond"; she had appeared on television since the late 1950s, including a guest appearance on "Bat Masterson" as Mary Lowery in the 1959 episode "Lady Luck" and again in a 1961 episode as Diane Jansen in "The Price of Paradise". She appeared in 1959 on CBS's "", in episode 52, "Vanishing Act", as Nicole McCready. About this time, she was on the CBS western "Johnny Ringo", starring Don Durant, and on Jack Lord's western "Stoney Burke" on ABC. She also appeared on "Hawaiian Eye", using her name Diane Cannon, in 1961, opposite Tracey Steele, Robert Conrad, and Connie Stevens. In 1962, Cannon appeared on Broadway with Jane Fonda and Bradford Dillman in "The Fun Couple". Next came the national touring company of the musical "How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying", in which she played Rosemary. In 1964 she guest starred on "Gunsmoke", playing "Ivy Norton", an abused daughter looking to marry the man she loves in the episode "Aunt Thede" (S10E13). She portrayed Mona Elliott in the episode "The Man Behind the Man" of the 1964 CBS drama series "The Reporter". She also made guest appearances on "77 Sunset Strip", "The Untouchables", the 1960 episode "Sheriff of the Town" of the first-run syndicated western series "Two Faces West" with Walter Coy as Cauter and the 1962 "Ripcord" episode "The Helicopter Race" as Ripcord Inc.'s secretary and receptionist Marion Hines. She had another role in the movie "The Murder Game" (1965), then took four years off. Cannon's first major film role came in 1969's "Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice", which earned her Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations. In 1971 she starred in four films: "The Love Machine", from the novel by Jacqueline Susann; "The Anderson Tapes" with Sean Connery and Christopher Walken; "The Burglars" with Jean-Paul Belmondo and Omar Sharif; and Otto Preminger's "Such Good Friends", for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress. Her name was used to market a fifth release that year, "Doctors' Wives", in which she had top billing despite only making a cameo appearance. In 1973, Cannon starred opposite Burt Reynolds in "Shamus" and played an agent based on Sue Mengers in "The Last of Sheila", and was named Female Star of the Year by the National Association of Theatre Owners. In 1974, she gave a critically acclaimed performance in "Child Under a Leaf" and starred in the made-for-TV movie "Virginia Hill" with Harvey Keitel. Following this she took a four-year absence from acting in feature films. Cannon starred in her own musical stage act at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas and Harrah's Lake Tahoe during the mid-1970s. She then enrolled in the Women's Directing Workshop of the American Film Institute. She became the first Oscar-nominated actress to be nominated in the Best Short Film, Live Action Category for "Number One" (1976), a project which Cannon produced, directed, wrote and edited. It was a story about adolescent sexual curiosity. In 1978, Cannon co-starred in "Revenge of the Pink Panther". That same year, she appeared in "Heaven Can Wait", for which she received another Oscar nomination and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress. In 1976, she hosted "Saturday Night Live" during its first season and she guest starred in the fourth season of "The Muppet Show" in 1979. She co-starred with then-boyfriend Armand Assante in the TV movie "Lady of the House" (1978), a dramatization of the life of Sally Stanford. In the early 1980s, Cannon, who is also a singer/songwriter, appeared in "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980) with Willie Nelson, "Coast to Coast" (1980) with Robert Blake, "Author! Author!" (1982) with Al Pacino, and Sidney Lumet's "Deathtrap" (1982) with Michael Caine and Christopher Reeve. She starred in the TV movie "Having It All" (1982) as well as a miniseries, "Master of the Game" (1984), then had the title role in "Jenny's War" (1985). After making "Rock 'n' Roll Mom" (1988) for Disney, she appeared with an ensemble cast in "Caddyshack II" (1988). In addition, she co-wrote the title track for Chaka Khan's album, "The Woman I Am", with Brenda Russell. For her contributions to the film industry, Cannon was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1983 with a motion pictures star located at 6608 Hollywood Boulevard. Cannon wrote, directed, and starred in the semi-autobiographical film "The End of Innocence" (1990). She subsequently appeared opposite Phylicia Rashad in "Jailbirds" (1991) and Kris Kristofferson and Tony Curtis in "Christmas in Connecticut" (1992), the latter of which was directed by Arnold Schwarzenegger, before reuniting with "Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice" director Paul Mazursky for "The Pickle" (1993), alongside Danny Aiello. Cannon had guest roles on the popular television shows "" and "The Practice", as well as being a semi-regular on "Ally McBeal". In 1997 she could be seen in three major studio film releases: "8 Heads in a Duffel Bag" with Joe Pesci; a remake of "That Darn Cat"; and "Out to Sea" with Walter Matthau and Jack Lemmon. Also that year, she worked with Sarah Michelle Gellar in the TV movie "Beverly Hills Family Robinson". In 2001 and 2002, she had a regular part in the TV series "Three Sisters". In 2005, she appeared in "Boynton Beach Club", a movie about aging Floridians who have just lost their spouses; Cannon's real-life ex Michael Nouri played her love interest. Her later roles included "A Kiss at Midnight" (2008) for Hallmark and the unaired pilot "Women Without Men" (2010) with Lorraine Bracco and Penny Marshall. She wrote and directed another short, "Unleashed" (2010). After a hiatus from the screen, she acted in the equestrian themed family film "Hope's Legacy" (2021). Cannon published a memoir, "Dear Cary: My Life with Cary Grant", in October 2011. She had previously been approached by Swifty Lazar to write about her late ex-husband in 1986, turning down "millions," and declined another publishing offer some years later from Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, stating that there was still healing that needed to happen. Cannon serves as executive producer of a four-part miniseries based on her book, entitled "Archie", which premiered in 2023 and stars Jason Isaacs as Grant and Laura Aikman as Cannon. Personal life. In 1961, Cannon began dating actor Cary Grant, who was 33 years her senior. They married on July 22, 1965, and had one daughter, Jennifer. Cannon filed for divorce in September 1967, and it was finalized on March 21, 1968. Cannon married a second time on April 18, 1985, to real estate investor Stanley Fimberg. They divorced in 1991. Cannon has also been in relationships with comedian Mort Sahl, producer Murray Shostak, talent agent Ron Weisner and sculptor Carl Hartman, as well as directors Hal Ashby and Jerry Schatzberg, and actors Armand Assante, Hy Chase, Ron Ely and Michael Nouri. She remains friendly with Nouri and accompanied him to a premiere nearly 40 years after their breakup. Cannon has often collaborated with her significant others on film and TV projects. Shostak and Fimberg produced her starring vehicles "Child Under a Leaf" and "The End of Innocence" respectively; Schatzberg directed her in "Honeysuckle Rose"; Assante and Nouri were her leading men in "Lady of the House" and "Boynton Beach Club" respectively; and she guest-starred on Ely's series "The Aquanauts". In 1972, Cannon revealed that she engaged in primal therapy. She is a fan of the Los Angeles Lakers and has attended Lakers games for several decades. She is a born-again Christian. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58613156

Third gender in Sri Lanka

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Third gender in Sri Lanka Gender identification rights in Sri Lanka The third gendered in Sri Lanka are not as openly discussed as in other parts of South Asia. Though a strong tradition of transgender people exists in Sri Lanka, and even though these people have been allowed to convert for a long period of time, third gendered people have mostly avoided mainstream discussion on the island. A number of reports state that the concept of third gender is not found on island, but binary concepts are found that are similar to third gender. History. Hinduism. The concept of gender changing is very common within historic and ancient Indian culture, and distinction between biological sex and cultural gender was not made. Sri Lanka's third gendered "hold an ancient association with a Hindu goddess of fertility to which they are said to sacrifice their own fertility for the sake of others. By becoming eunuchs, Hijras become semi-sacred, and can bless the health and fertility of newlyweds and newborns." The Tamils of the Northern Province have a culture of cross-dressing, "so [a male] being feminine isn’t an entirely alien concept". Buddhism. The term 'pandaka' can be used to trace the history of third gender back to the awakening of the Buddha and the arrival of Buddhism to Sri Lanka over two millennia ago. Buddhaghosa, a monk in Anurādhapura, Sri Lanka, wrote about "pandaka; they" "are full of defiling passions ("ussanakilesa)"; their lusts are unquenchable ("avupasantaparilaha"); and they are dominated by their libido ("parilahavegabhibhuta") and the desire for lovers just like prostitutes ("vesiya") and coarse young girls ("thulakumarika")". He also stated that they are “whose sexual burning is assuaged by taking another man’s member in his mouth and being sprayed by semen” and usuya (“jealous”) pandakas as those “whose sexual burning is assuaged by watching other people having sex”. The Pali Tipitaka, the form of Buddhism followed in Thailand and Sri Lanka, and the most complete transmission being held custodian in Sri Lanka, "mentions several different types of transgendered states and individuals – the man-like woman ("vepurisikā"), sexual indistinctness ("sambhinna"), one having the characteristics of both genders ("ubhatovyañjanaka"), etc.". Peter Jackson of the Australian National University felt that the Pali Canon had significant influence on the third gender cultures of Sri Lanka and similar countries such as Thailand; "Never the less ["sic"], what makes accounts of sex and gender in these ancient Indian texts especially fascinating is their contemporary relevance in Thailand, which together with Sri Lanka, Burma, Laos and Cambodia forms part of the Asian cultural sphere in which Theravada Buddhism remains a vital cultural institution.". Culture. They are employed in variety of job sectors, especially in "commercial sex work, beauty culture, Hospitality field, NGO sector and limited numbers in the government sector". Etymology. The term 'nachchi' is widely used to refer to transgender people, while napunseka can be used to imply a third gendered centric view of transexuals. The term 'Hijra' can also be used to refer to the third gendered community on the island. Pandaka. <templatestyles src="Template:Quote_box/styles.css" /> Tamil; peṇ ‘woman,’ peṇṭ u ‘woman, wife,’ peṇṭ an , pe ṇṭ akan , pe ṇṭ akam ‘hermaphrodite, eunuch,’ pe ṇṇ an ‘effeminate man,’ p ēṭ i ‘hermaphrodite’; Malayalam pe ṇ ‘a female, especially a female child, girl,’ pe ṇṇ an ‘effeminate’; Kannaḍa pe ṇ , pe ṇṇ u , pe ṇḍ a ‘female, woman,’ pe ṇ tana ‘state of being a female, feminine character or behavior’; Telugu pe ṇṭ i ‘woman,’ p ēḍ i ‘eunuch’; etc. The term 'pandaka' has two meaning in Indian languages. The first refers to 'eunuchs' and is of Tamil origin. The second refers to homosexual men and is academically considered to be a form of slang. Nachchi. Nachchis are described as being a variety of people that do not conform to hetereosexual male stereotypes. It was historically used to describe cross-dressers but now is mostly used to describe transgender people. A few organizations such as the National Aids Council describe the community as being "effeminate men who have sex with other men. They also operate as MSWs, and pick up clients from various cruising points. In addition to having clients, they often have regular male sex partners, with whom sexual activity takes place without financial transactions." It is debatable what this refers to however as there is no clean definition provided Other organizations describe them as being a subculture of the transgender community, often as a substitute for the terms such as third gender or hijra. Napunseka. A term found in Sinhalese that was historically used in a similar manner to nachchi, but now either refers to eunuchs or hermaphrodites. Politics. The situation in the Constitution of Sri Lanka is the same as the one found in the Constitution of India concerning gender equality, though the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka lacks the powers to repel and create law in the same manner that the Supreme Court of India has. Human Rights Watch stated that third gendered people were not protected by the legal system of Sri Lanka. It called on the parliament to decriminalize being third gender by repelling three laws; Sections 365 and 365A of the Sri Lankan Penal Code, and the Vagrants’ Ordinance. It also recommended that the government passes comprehensive laws to fight discrimination. LGBT rights activists have focused on improving conditions for transgender people who wish to convert to another binary gender, as opposed to the progression in Continental India, where the movement has focused on the third gendered community. There is apathy among sexual minorities on the island over third gendered rights because they feel it would slow down progression for other minority communities on the island who conform to binary gender. Identification. The Commissioner of the Department of Registrations of Persons, under the UPFA, stated that they will be providing new ID with a new number for transgender persons. Social issues. Financial Issues. A significant section of the third gendered community are forced to do sex work or beg for money as a result of being rejected by their biological parents. A disproportionate number of the community lack formal education and are unable to find jobs. A third gendered person explained, "“It’s very hard, in reality. It’s quite alright for the posher Colombo 07 people; they can be doctors and lawyers and such. The poorer people have it harder and are often mistreated, which is why they leave their families or live a life of secrecy. It’s also really hard to find work thanks to societal perceptions, which again is why you get many trans people who are engaged in sex work or who are dancers,”. A number of transgender people complain about the high cost of undertaking conversion to their desired gender, in-part because government funded facilities are generally of poorer quality and that a lack of trained staff exist on the island.<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />Chandrasena’s success enables her to get first-rate medical care. She started getting hair removal treatments in 2009; the facial laser treatment she undergoes every six months costs about 6,000 rupees ($45), Chandrasena says. She also spends about 39,000 rupees ($300) for each four-month supply of the estrogen injections she takes every other week. Those prices are average in Sri Lanka.It has been thought that a number of transgender people are forced to work as sex worked in order to earn money for themselves, though they face the risk of being arrested as prostitution is illegal on the island<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />Ranketh, a transgender man who asked that only his last name be used to protect his identity, says he spent years looking for doctors and psychiatrists to help him through his gender change, but at first he couldn’t find anyone to assist him. Health. The third gendered community often face discrimination from health workers on the island, and can find it hard to change their gender even if legally entitled to. Feminism. A complaint about the treatment of third gender in Sri Lanka states that the gender disparity between men and women in employment shows how hard it is for third gendered to gain employment. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1525656

261 Prymno

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261 Prymno Main belt asteroid Prymno (minor planet designation: 261 Prymno) is a somewhat large Main belt asteroid. It is classified as a B-type asteroid and probably has a primitive composition not unlike common C-type carbonaceous asteroids. It was discovered by C. H. F. Peters on October 31, 1886, in Clinton, New York and was named after the Greek Oceanid Prymno. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33114034

Erik Nyström

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Erik Nyström Swedish professional ice hockey player (born 1993) Erik Nyström (born October 30, 1993) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with the KHL Medveščak Zagreb of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Nystrom was selected by the Montreal Canadiens in the 6th round (154th overall) of the 2012 NHL Entry Draft. Nystrom made his Elitserien debut during the 2011–12 season playing 19 games with Modo. In August 2013 it was announced by the Hamilton Bulldogs that they had signed Nyström to a 25-game professional tryout contract (PTO). After 18 games with the Bulldogs he was released from his PTO and signed with the Croatian KHL club KHL Medveščak Zagreb on November 25, 2013. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16672173

Abraham Arnold

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Abraham Arnold United States Army general Abraham Kerns Arnold (March 24, 1837 – November 23, 1901) was a U.S. Cavalry officer during the American Civil War and, while a captain in the 5th U.S. Cavalry, received the Medal of Honor for leading "a gallant charge against a superior force of the enemy, extricated his command from a perilous position in which it had been ordered" against Confederate forces at Davenport Bridge, Virginia, on May 10, 1864. He is the father of Colonel Percy Weir Arnold, a cavalry officer serving during the Spanish–American War, the Philippine–American War and the First World War. Early life and education. Born in Bedford, Pennsylvania, Arnold entered West Point and graduated with the class of 1859 as a brevet Second Lieutenant in the 2nd Cavalry Regiment. Career. Participating in campaigns against the Comanche while stationed in Fort Inge, Arnold held a distinguished service record during the American Civil War. Promoted to first lieutenant in April 1861, he served as adjutant of the 5th Cavalry Regiment. He was cited "for gallant and meritorious services" at Gaines' Mill and Todds Tavern, brevetted to captain and major after both engagements respectively. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Davenport Bridge leading his regiment in a cavalry charge against superior Confederate forces to rescue men under his command and preventing their capture. In June 1869, he was promoted to full major of the 6th U.S. Cavalry. By early 1879, he was directing operations against the Apaches in southeastern Arizona, accompanying an expedition into Mexico later that year in pursuit of renegade Apaches to Lake Guzman. As acting assistant adjutant general to General Orlando B. Willcox, Arnold would also take part in the Battle of Cibecue Creek on August 30, 1881. As a lieutenant colonel in 1886, he would also fight in the expedition against the Crows of the North Plains the following year. He would hold a number of command posts during the next twelve years, including a term as commander of the Cavalry and Light Artillery School (1895-1898), and was promoted to colonel in 1891. During the Spanish–American War, Arnold accepted a field commission as brigadier general of volunteers and led 2nd U.S. Division of the 7th Army Corps in Cuba from January 16, 1898, until April 1, 1899. After the war, he reverted to his permanent rank of colonel in command of the 1st U.S. Cavalry in May 1899. General Arnold was a Companion of the California Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Death and legacy. He retired on March 25, 1901, and died several months later in Cold Spring-On-Hudson, New York, on November 23, 1901. His grave can be found in the Cemetery of Saint Philip's Church Garrison, New York. Arnold Hall at Fort Riley, Kansas, where he served as commandant of the Cavalry and Artillery School and the Army post, was named in his honor. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7189492

Rhythm and Booze

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Rhythm and Booze Rhythm and Booze is a live acoustic album by Authority Zero. It was released by Suburban Noize Records in February 2005, and re-released on June 27, 2006. Except for "Paddy On The Railway" and "Broken Dreams," this album features acoustic versions of songs from Authority Zero's earlier releases, "A Passage In Time" and "Andiamo". The final release of this record features slightly different edits from the original release. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3737988

Águas Lindas de Goiás

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Águas Lindas de Goiás Águas Lindas de Goiás is a municipality located in central Goiás, Brazil. It is the fifth largest city in the state and one of the fastest-growing cities in Brazil. Geography. Location. Águas Lindas is 193 km. from the state capital of Goiânia. Highway connections with Goiânia are made by BR-153 / Anápolis / BR-414 / Cocalzinho de Goiás / BR-070. For the complete list see It has borders with Santo Antônio do Descoberto, Cocalzinho de Goiás, and Brasília. It is located west of Brasília and borders on the boundary of the Federal District. It is part of the Entorno do Distrito Federal micro-region, which has over 960,000 inhabitants. Economy. The city has no major industries but has a variety of small commercial enterprises ranging from small offices, bars, grocery stores and larger supermarkets. Small industries manufacture furniture, sewage pipes, bicycles, sweets and toys. The informal economy is very strong and many people have stalls in fairs either in the city or in neighboring cities. Due to the small territory and the urban characteristics there were no agricultural products registered with the IBGE. The existence of Águas Lindas is recent, being dismembered in 1997 from the municipality of Santo Antônio do Descoberto. In 1996 the population of what was just a district was already 61,478. By 2000 it had increased to 105,000. Its only reason for existence is Brasília and the need for lower class and lower middle class residents of that city or migrants from rural areas to find affordable housing. The infrastructures are precarious as evidenced by the existence of only one hospital for a city of over 100,000 people, only four bank branches, and only one post office. The per capita income is low and most of the inhabitants take buses every day to work in Brasília. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />