Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response.
    ### Instruction:
    What are the genetic changes related to iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia ?
    ### Response:
    Mutations in the TMPRSS6 gene cause iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia. This gene provides instructions for making a protein called matriptase-2, which helps regulate iron levels in the body. TMPRSS6 gene mutations reduce or eliminate functional matriptase-2, which disrupts iron regulation and leads to a shortage of iron in the bloodstream.
    