Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response.
    ### Instruction:
    What are the genetic changes related to familial atrial fibrillation ?
    ### Response:
    A small percentage of all cases of familial atrial fibrillation are associated with changes in the KCNE2, KCNJ2, and KCNQ1 genes. These genes provide instructions for making proteins that act as channels across the cell membrane. These channels transport positively charged atoms (ions) of potassium into and out of cells.
    