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  === Consonants ===
  There are 23 consonant phonemes in the Dothraki language. Here the romanized form is given on the left, and the IPA in brackets.
  The letters  and  do not appear in Dothraki, although  appears in the digraph . 
   and  seem to appear only in names, as in ''Pono'' and ''Bharbo''. These consonants were used in the past but have since developed into  and . They can still be used as variants of  and .
  Voiceless stops may be aspirated. This does not change word meaning.
  The geminates of consonants marked with digraphs have a reduced orthography: