The states are allowed to divide their electoral college vote proportional to the popular vote, and a few states do that.  But the Constitution requires the President be elected by the Electoral College, which does give the smaller states more votes relative to their population.  The only way to change that is by the amendment process.  And the smaller states will never ratify it.

Hillary won the popular vote in Colorado, but we have more Republicans in Congress than Democrats, and an equal number of Senators.  If Colorado were to vote its electoral college vote proportional to the popular vote 5 of our 9 votes would have gone to Hillary and 4 to Trump, which would have widened his lead.

Had the election ended in an Electoral College tie and it went to the House, each state only gets one vote, which goes to the party with the most seats.  Trump would have got that vote.