I contribute to CB episodically (but only) when I read an article that is counterintuitive & thought provoking.  So, Prof. Milner, you rang my bell w/ this article and I will again make another contribution to CB!  I disagree with a comment that you presented no solutions--we can't expect one complete "solution" to a systemic problem....e.g., "income redistribution".  Increasing taxes on small business owners (who employ majority of workers) or the rising middle class (the majority of "high" earners) stifles economic growth. And I am cynical but I don't believe income redistribution via high taxes on the "wealthy" is going to get folks in Kahala, Manoa, or Waialae Iki to voluntarily move to Kalihi or Nanakuli....Isn't it really up to each of us to get off our high horses within immaculate bubbles to figure out little actionable ways that we can make a difference to help the disadvantaged and those especially who strive to make a better life for themselves?