What you neglected to mention is that these breakthroughs you mentioned mostly stem from basic research. From what I can tell, most of these supercluster entities are not proposing to fund most of the money towards basic research. Rather, the proposals are mostly geared towards routine development as opposed to basic research (and not coincidentally that is why they are able to make certain guarantees of how many jobs they are able to create long-term).  This is because basic research is inherently risky and no one can predict at the outcome just how many jobs they might create. But routine development is far more predictable. So in sum, this appears to be, by and large, a corporate welfare program effectively gifting money mostly to large organizations, and instead of funding basic research in the most promising technologies is more tilted towards distributing money across regions.