I have intentionally taken the time over the last ten years to get to know a number of adults who are long term reserve members. I have talked with them about what was happening on the reserve  when the children were being taken from their parents as well as what is currently going on within the reserve. And as a result I am not embarrassed.  Obviously my sample size is not of the magnitude of the research papers that you refer to.  On the other hand , I am satisfied that the situation  is not black and white  but rather black and white with many grey areas.