Interesting article!  I suggest browsing the earliest issues of the Review.  If anything, our founders come across as thoroughly American, patriots through and through.  They were anti-monarchy, anti-Old World.  They were FOR the humanistic principles Taylor describes.

I'm intrigued by the claim that separation of church and state and non-preferential treatment of all religions is a foundational aspect of the modern worldview.  As a thought experiment, suppose a religion were created which was the epitome of anti-modernity, and which sought to destroy principles like freedom of expression or association or belief?  If this religion's goal was to destroy its "host", wouldn't the political system have to respond against that religion or itself be destroyed?

Moving from the thought experiment, I think that is how early Adventists and their protestant neighbors viewed the papacy--the antidemocratic supporter of monarchies. And maybe that is how Islam is viewed today.