Full Québec independence failed because of one major thing... money. Québec hasn't been prosperous for decades , carries a huge debt and depends on transfer payments. Catalonia is the richest part of Spain and their number one reason for separating is "equalization", at least in the Spanish sense of the word. If you could combine Québec's and Alberta's gripes about Canada you would have the uniqueness of culture and language with wealth. This is why I believe Catalonia will ultimately become independent.