Those are some tough questions.  To answer them we first have to understand what the heck are the causes.  We have to know the cause(s) to to apply the correct fix.  Let's assume the correct fix is more police (or whatever I suppose) it won't be free or easy.  Mostly people want free and/or easy.  So are we ready to pay for a fix and do any hard work to fix the problems once we identify the cause(s)?  I truly wonder about this.