According to the history I've read, Medina in the 7th century was not a republic, nor was the Constitution of Medina a negotiated document. The society was a theocracy and the Constitution was unilaterally proclaimed by Mohammed. 

Socrates lost because he submitted to the laws and judgements of the Athenian Republic, despite having the opportunity to escape. Mohammed won because he and his followers were well-armed. I don't know where you get your history from.