This is interesting and a part of what makes Canada work well.  The most critical thing that we have, different from the US for example, is we have multiple parties and we don't have massive barriers to entry for parties or politicians to get elected. We have financial limits on donors and short time frames for elections. This is what makes it so our politics reflect our people. And then all that bargaining and compromise follows.  On top of that is a strong sense of inclusiveness and yes, Pierre Trudeau's Multiculturalism and as mentioned the Charter of Rights. The latter is the best in the world. Bar none.