| { | |
| "paper_id": "W83-0112", | |
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| "date_generated": "2023-01-19T06:08:01.189963Z" | |
| }, | |
| "title": "Fr e d K a r l s s o n D e p a r t m e n t of G e n e r a l L i n g u i s t i c s", | |
| "authors": [], | |
| "year": "", | |
| "venue": null, | |
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| "abstract": "", | |
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| "paper_id": "W83-0112", | |
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| "text": "f o l l o w i n g c o n t e n t s (K ar ls so n 1983). s y n t h e t i c m o r p h o l o g i c a l s y s t e m s , be they a g g l u t i n a t i v e as T u r k i s h or s e m i -a g g l u t i n a t i v e as F i n n i s h , by w a y of m e r e l e x i c a l l i s t i n g . T h e v a s t m a j o r i t y of t h e 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 f o r m s u n d e r s c r u t i n y c e r t a i n l y a r e b o t h m o r p h o l o g i c a l l y a n ", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
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| { | |
| "start": 55, | |
| "end": 433, | |
| "text": "s y n t h e t i c m o r p h o l o g i c a l s y s t e m s , be they a g g l u t i n a t i v e as T u r k i s h or s e m i -a g g l u t i n a t i v e as F i n n i s h , by w a y of m e r e l e x i c a l l i s t i n g . T h e v a s t m a j o r i t y of t h e 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 f o r m s u n d e r s c r u t i n y c e r t a i n l y a r e b o t h m o r p h o l o g i c a l l y a n", | |
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| } | |
| ], | |
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| "section": "K o s k e n n i e m i ' s m o d e l a l s o a n a l y z e s c o m p o u n d s p r o v i d e d the (b as e f o r m s of t h e i r ) c o n s t i t u e n t p a r t s a r e in t h e l e x i c o n . C o m p o u n d i n g is s u ch a c e n t r a l m o r p h o l o g i c a l m e a n s in s y n t h e t i c l a n g u a g e s that it m u s t be e a s i l y t r a c t a b l e a l s o in c o m p u t a t i o nal m o d e l s a s p i r i n g g e n e r a l a p p l i c a b i l i t y . T h e th ir d m o r p h o l o g i c a l d o m a i n to be c o v e r e d is d e r i v a tion. T h e to ta l n u m b e r of d e r i v a t i o n a l m o r p h e m e s in F i n n i s h is 15 0-200 d e p e n d i n g u p o n h o w the m o s t o p a q u e an d u n f r e q u e n t o n e s are interpreted. S o m e 50-60 are h i g h l y p r o d u c t i v e and t h e s e are to be d i s c u s s e d here. T h e m a x i m a l p r o d u c t i v e F i n n i s h d e r i v a t i o n a l s y s t e m c o m p r i s e s n i ne m o r p h o t a c t i c p o s i t i o n s w i t h the", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Vl V 2 V3 P A SS Ni N 2 A i A 2 N 3", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "A m o d e l of d e r i v a t i o n a l m o r p h o l o g y", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "125 125 Proceedings of NODALIDA 1983 h a v e d e v i s e d a m o r p h o l o g i c a l t a g g i n g p r o g r a m , F I N T A G , t c h a n g e s h a v e to be m a d e , i.e. t h e p a r t of s p e e c h l a b e l is p r o p e r a n d d i s a m b i g u a t e d in c o n t e x v e r , T.G. 1970. T h e c o g n i t i v e b a s i s f o r l i n g u i s t i c s t r u c tures. In J.R. H a y e s (ed.). C o g n i t i o n a n d t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f l a n g u a g e , J o h n W i l e y & Sons, N.Y., 279-352. Br o d d a , 3\" 1982. P r o b l e m s w i t h t a g g i n g -a n d a so lu ti on . N o r d i c J o u r n a l of L i n g u i s t i c s 5:2, 93-116 . ", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [ | |
| { | |
| "start": 37, | |
| "end": 132, | |
| "text": "h a v e d e v i s e d a m o r p h o l o g i c a l t a g g i n g p r o g r a m , F I N T A G , t", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 133, | |
| "end": 278, | |
| "text": "c h a n g e s h a v e to be m a d e , i.e. t h e p a r t of s p e e c h l a b e l is p r o p e r a n d d i s a m b i g u a t e d in c o n t e x", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 279, | |
| "end": 668, | |
| "text": "v e r , T.G. 1970. T h e c o g n i t i v e b a s i s f o r l i n g u i s t i c s t r u c tures. In J.R. H a y e s (ed.). C o g n i t i o n a n d t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f l a n g u a g e , J o h n W i l e y & Sons, N.Y., 279-352. Br o d d a , 3\" 1982. P r o b l e m s w i t h t a g g i n g -a n d a so lu ti on . N o r d i c J o u r n a l of L i n g u i s t i c s 5:2, 93-116", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "g. t h a t t h e s y s t e m t h e n is a b l e to a n a l y z e a l s o o c c a s i o n a l c o m p o u n d s w i t h (any n u m b e r of) d e r i v e d c o n s t i t u e n t s . It will, as a c a s e in p o i n t , h a v e t h e f u l l p o w e r o f c o p i n g w i t h a l l t h e 400,000 f o r m s of the v e r b h a k k a a , b o t h as i n d e p e n d e n t w o r d s and as c o n s t i t u e n t s in c o m p o u n d s . T h i s is t h e k i n d of f u l l c o v e r a g e n e e d e d in a n y r e l i a b l e p r a c t i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s u ch as i n f o r m a t i o n r e t r i e v a l or s p e l l i n g c o rr ec ti on .", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "ESIT EL MI NA .", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
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| "section": "+ P R : T A M A = N K O K O E L M A = N K I R J O I T U K S E = T + V F : 0 = V A T P A R I = A K O L M E A L U K U % U N + V I 3:O T T A = M A = T T A + V P A 2 :S Y N T Y = N E E = T V I I D E = N + A : V I I M E + N : V U O D E = N + N :A IK A= NA . E R A A = T + P R : N I = I = S T A + V F :ON + V P P 2 :J U L K I S T E = T T U L E H D I S T Q = S S A . E R A A = T RA DI O= SS A. E R A A = T", | |
| "sec_num": "9" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Final output", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
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| "section": "13", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "131 131 Proceedings of NODALIDA 1983", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "P R : T A M A = N N ; K O K O E L M A = N N ; K I R J O I T U K S E = T V F ;0 = V A T \u2605 N ; P A R I = A N U M ; K O L M E = A N ; L U K U % U N V I 3:O T T A = M A = T T A V P A 2 : S Y N T Y = N E E = T N U M ; V I I D E = N A i V I I M E N ; V U O D E = N N : A I K A = N A . P R : E R A A = T P R : N I = I = S T A V F ; O N V P P 2 : J U L K I S T E = T T U N ; L E H p i S T d = S S A . P R : E R A A = T N i R A D I O = S S A . P R : E R A A = T \u2605 N : E S I T E L M I N A .", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "back_matter": [ | |
| { | |
| "text": "APPENDIX 1. Maximal set of derivatives for the verb hakkaa 'hew' h a k k a i l e h a k k a i l u t t a h a k k a u t t a h a k k a i s e h a k k a u t u h a k k a a n t u h a k k a u t t a m a t o n h a k k a u t t a m a t t o m u u s h a k k a u t t a v a i n e n h a k k a u t t a v a i s u u s h a k k a i s e m i n e n h a k k a i s i ja h a k k a i s i j u u s h a k k a i s i j a m a i n e n h a k k a i s i j a m a i s u u s h a k k a i s e v a h a k k a i s e v u u s h a k k a i s s u t h a k k a i s s e i s u u a k k a i s t a v u u s h a k k a i s t u h a k k a i s e m a t o n ha kk a i s e m a t t o m u u s h a k k a i s e v a i n e n h a k k a i s e v a i s u u s h a k k a i s u ________ h a k k a u t u m i n e n h a k k a u t u j a j h a k k a u t u j u u s i h a k k a u t u j a m a i n e n i h a k k a u t u j a m a i s u u s i h a k k a u t u v a h a k k a u t u v u u s h a k k a u t u n ", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
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| { | |
| "start": 171, | |
| "end": 533, | |
| "text": "h a k k a u t t a m a t o n h a k k a u t t a m a t t o m u u s h a k k a u t t a v a i n e n h a k k a u t t a v a i s u u s h a k k a i s e m i n e n h a k k a i s i ja h a k k a i s i j u u s h a k k a i s i j a m a i n e n h a k k a i s i j a m a i s u u s h a k k a i s e v a h a k k a i s e v u u s h a k k a i s s u t h a k k a i s s e i s u u", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 534, | |
| "end": 938, | |
| "text": "a k k a i s t a v u u s h a k k a i s t u h a k k a i s e m a t o n ha kk a i s e m a t t o m u u s h a k k a i s e v a i n e n h a k k a i s e v a i s u u s h a k k a i s u ________ h a k k a u t u m i n e n h a k k a u t u j a j h a k k a u t u j u u s i h a k k a u t u j a m a i n e n i h a k k a u t u j a m a i s u u s i h a k k a u t u v a h a k k a u t u v u u s h a k k a u t u n", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "annex", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "| h a k k a a n t u j a h a k k a a n t u j u u s | h a k k a a n t u j a m a i n e n h a k k a a n t u jamaisuui h a k k a a n t u v a h a k k a a n t u v u u s h a k k a a n t u n u t h a k k a a n t u n e i s u u s h a k k a a n n u t t a v a h a k k a a n n u t t a v u u s h a k k a a n n u t t u hakkaanturnaton hakkaantumattomuui h a k k a a n t u v a i n e n h a k k a a n t u v a i s u u s (a) = root -\u25ba der. V (b) = root -\u00bb der. N,' A ' (c) -hakka/ile -> | der. N, A | (d) = hakka/il/utta | ^ der. N, A 1 (e) = hakka/utta -\u00bb ,j der. N, A | (f) = hakka/ise -\u00bb fl der. N, A ( g) = hakka/utu -\u00bb der. N, A (h) = hakka/antu -\u25ba der. N, A", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "u t \u0125 a k k a u t u n e i s u u s | h a k k a u d u t t a v a ] h a k k a u d u t t a v u u s | h a k k a u d u t t u | h a k k a u t u m a t o n | ha kk autumattomuus| h a k k a u t u v a i n e n | h a k k a u t u v a i s u u s | h a k k a a n t u m i n e n", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "bib_entries": { | |
| "BIBREF0": { | |
| "ref_id": "b0", | |
| "title": "NODALIDA 1983", | |
| "authors": [], | |
| "year": null, | |
| "venue": "", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
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| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "NODALIDA 1983", | |
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| "FIGREF3": { | |
| "uris": null, | |
| "type_str": "figure", | |
| "text": "course, s p e c i a l i z e d vo cabulary).", | |
| "num": null | |
| }, | |
| "FIGREF4": { | |
| "uris": null, | |
| "type_str": "figure", | |
| "text": "g. a s u / n t o / l a 'hostel'). P o s i t i o n 7 c o n t a i n s the m a j o r i t y of 123 123 Proceedings of NODALIDA 1983", | |
| "num": null | |
| }, | |
| "FIGREF5": { | |
| "uris": null, | |
| "type_str": "figure", | |
| "text": "a", | |
| "num": null | |
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| "FIGREF7": { | |
| "uris": null, | |
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| "text": "as o i k e / u d e / l l i s / t a / m i n e n (appro xi ma te ly: ) 'causing to be legal', w h e r e u d e is ( f i r s t p a s s ) , 1 1 is is A]^ ( s e c o n d p a s s ) , ^a is V i (third pass) an d m i n en is (third pass). A s a f i r s t step, the d e r i v a t i o n a l s y s t e m has been m o d e l l e d as a B E T A r u l e -s y s t e m (cf. B r o d d a ( f o r t h c o m i n g ) , B r o d d a & K a r l s s o n 19 8 1 ) t h a t g e n e r a t e s a l l p r o d u c t i v e d e r i v a t i v e s for a n y g i v e n in p u t root. T h e m o r p h o p h o n o l o g i c a l d e p e n d e n c i e s b e t w e e n ro o t s an d e n d i ng s, and b e t w e e n e n d i n g s in se qu en ce s, have b e e n p r e c i s e l y d e s c r i b e d an d i m p l e m e n t e d as B E T A -r u l e s in order to p r e v e n t at l e a s t m o r p h o l o g i c a l o v e r g e n e r a l i z a t i o n s . T h i s d e s c r i p t i v e t a s k a l o n e is a c o n s i d e r a b l e v e n t u r e . S e m a n t i c r e s t r i c t i o n s , h o w e v e r , have not ye t b e e n c o ns id er ed . W e p i c k a n e x a m p l e . A p p e n d i x 1 c o n t a i n s the n e a r -m a x i m a l se t of 161 d e r i v a t i v e s , i n c l u d i n g s o m e a w k w a r d ones, that the B E T A r u le s y s t e m g e n e r a t e s for the v e r b h a k k a a 'hew'. T h e first six f o r m s (group a) are d e r i v e d v e r b s w i t h f l o w c h a r t p o s i t i o n s 1,2,3 and s o m e c o m b i n a t i o n s of t h e s e filled. T h e n f o l l o w (group b) 57 n o m i n a l d e r i v a t i v e s b a s e d o n t h e u n d e r i v e d ro ot , i n c l u d i n g c o m b i n a t i o n s of u p to t h r e e n o m i n a l e n d i n g s . o u n d i n g s u m t o t a l of m o r e t h a n 40 0,000 p o t e n t i a l p r o d u c t i v e d e r i v e d , i n f l e c t e d , a n d c l i t i c i z e d f o r m s of t h e s i n g l e v e r b 124 124 Proceedings of NODALIDA 1983 hakkaa.", | |
| "num": null | |
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| "FIGREF8": { | |
| "uris": null, | |
| "type_str": "figure", | |
| "text": "c e . O f c o u r s e , t h i s is n o t to d r a w t h e d e m a r c a t i o n l i n e b e t w e e n rules and l e x i c o n w h e r e it w a s d r a w n by S P E -t y p e p h o n o logy. W e j u s t s t r e s s t h a t t h e h u g e m a j o r i t y o f f o r m s in s y n t h e t i c l a n g u a g e s m u s t be d e s c r i b e d as p r o d u c t s of r u l e s . n a l m e c h a n i s m s in the F i n n i s h i m p l e m e n t a t i o n ofK o s k e n n i emi's t w o -l e v e l model. T h i s m a k e s it p o s s i b l e to r e d u c e the si ze of the l e x i c o n by e l i m i n a t i n g al l m o r p h o l o g i c a l l y an d s e m a n t i c a l l y p r e d i c t a b l e d e r i v a t i v e s . It a l s o v a s t l y i m p r o v e s", | |
| "num": null | |
| }, | |
| "FIGREF9": { | |
| "uris": null, | |
| "type_str": "figure", | |
| "text": "o s e 6 0 0 m o s t c o m m o n a d v e r b s a r e s e g m e n t e d as w h o l e ( i n c o n c l u s i v e ) f r e q u e n c y -b a s e d s t e m -l e x i c o n s f o r a d j e c t i v e s and v e r b s to a s s i g n p a r t of s p e e c h labels;", | |
| "num": null | |
| }, | |
| "FIGREF10": { | |
| "uris": null, | |
| "type_str": "figure", | |
| "text": "i v e s y n t a c t i c c h e c k i n g of t h e p r o p e r t i e s of n e i g h b o u r i n g w o r d s or t h e w h o l e c l a u s e , a n d (b) \" m e m o r y \" of p r e v i o u s d e c i sions. T h i s is a f u r t h e r p r o o f of the h i g h i n f o r m a t i o n l o a d of o v e r t m o r p h o l o g i c a l m a r k e r s (also cf. B r o d d a & K a r l s s o n", | |
| "num": null | |
| }, | |
| "FIGREF11": { | |
| "uris": null, | |
| "type_str": "figure", | |
| "text": "No. 7. Ka rl ss on , F. 1983. S u o m e n y l e i s k i e l e n a a n n e -j a m u o t o r a k e n n e . Intermediate phases of the tagging process. Numbers refer to the output of the respective active module. The effects of each module are under lined. Two incorrect outputs are starred. Cf. the text.", | |
| "num": null | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } |