{ "paper_id": "W07-0400", "header": { "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0", "date_generated": "2023-01-19T04:39:02.869645Z" }, "title": "", "authors": [ { "first": "Dekai", "middle": [], "last": "Wu", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Hong", "middle": [], "last": "Kong", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Srinivas", "middle": [], "last": "Bangalore", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "At&t", "middle": [], "last": "Research", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Marine", "middle": [], "last": "Carpuat", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" } ], "year": "", "venue": null, "identifiers": {}, "abstract": "", "pdf_parse": { "paper_id": "W07-0400", "_pdf_hash": "", "abstract": [], "body_text": [ { "text": "The NAACL-HLT 2007 / AMTA Workshop on Syntax and Structure in Statistical Translation (SSST) took place on 26 April 2007 following the NAACL-HLT conference hosted by the University of Rochester in New York. It was organized in response to growing interest in statistical, tree structured models of relations between natural languages. Our hope was to bring together researchers working on various aspects of this subject, and coming from various traditions. One way that the diversity of these traditions can be seen is in their nomenclature: transduction grammars originated in formal language theory (Lewis and Stearns 1968, Aho and Ullman 1969) , and as interest in them was renewed in the computational linguistics literature in the 1990s, they came to be also known as synchronous grammars. Pushdown transducers and tree transducers, also introduced in the late 1960s, embody a less declarative, rather more procedural view, but, in many cases, have transduction-grammar equivalents.", "cite_spans": [ { "start": 602, "end": 612, "text": "(Lewis and", "ref_id": null }, { "start": 613, "end": 634, "text": "Stearns 1968, Aho and", "ref_id": null }, { "start": 635, "end": 647, "text": "Ullman 1969)", "ref_id": null } ], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Introduction", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Another dimension of diversity is the variety of applications of synchronous/transduction grammars, which is richly reflected in our workshop program. We selected fourteen papers, which include papers on formal properties of synchronous/transduction grammars from both theoretical (Shieber) and comparative experimental (Zhang and Gildea; Huang; Dreyer, Hall and Khudanpur) perspectives, and papers applying synchronous/transduction grammars to machine translation as well as generation (Hall and N\u011bmec) and semantic interpretation (Nesson and Shieber). The invited speaker for the workshop was William C. Rounds of the University of Michigan, a pioneer of tree-transducer theory who was one of the first to explore the usefulness of tree transducers for natural language.", "cite_spans": [ { "start": 281, "end": 290, "text": "(Shieber)", "ref_id": null }, { "start": 487, "end": 503, "text": "(Hall and N\u011bmec)", "ref_id": null } ], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Introduction", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The papers included a wide spectrum of experiments trying different tradeoffs between representational adequacy versus efficiency. Some models adopted binary-rank ITG or inversion transduction grammar constraints (Cherry and Lin; Huang; Dreyer, Hall and Khudanpur), while others permitted up to STAG or synchronous tree-adjoining grammar expressiveness (Nesson and Shieber; Shieber) , with others in between at the SDTG or syntax directed transduction grammar a.k.a. SCFG or synchronous contextfree grammar level (Zhang, Zens and Ney; Zhang and Gildea) . Transduction rules ranged from mildly hierarchical, heavily lexical transduction rules on one hand (Cherry and Lin; Zhang, Zens and Ney; Venkatapathy and Bangalore; Dreyer, Hall and Khudanpur), to abstract transduction rules emphasizing compositional syntax on the other (Nesson and Shieber; Hall and N\u011bmec; Shieber).", "cite_spans": [ { "start": 353, "end": 382, "text": "(Nesson and Shieber; Shieber)", "ref_id": null }, { "start": 513, "end": 552, "text": "(Zhang, Zens and Ney; Zhang and Gildea)", "ref_id": null } ], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Introduction", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "A number of papers investigated machine learning techniques for inducing synchronous/transduction grammars (Zhang, Zens and Ney; Cherry and Lin) . Some of these focused on improving algorithms for binarizing or reducing the rank of synchronous/transduction grammars (Zhang and Gildea; Huang) . The workshop also witnessed a number of papers proposing new ways of integrating tree structured models into statistical methods in machine translation (Hopkins and Kuhn; Venkatapathy and Joshi; Bonneau-Maynard, Allauzen, D\u00e9chelotte and Schwenk; Font Llitj\u00f3s and Vogel; Owczarzak, van Genabith and Way; Venkatapathy and Bangalore).", "cite_spans": [ { "start": 107, "end": 144, "text": "(Zhang, Zens and Ney; Cherry and Lin)", "ref_id": null }, { "start": 266, "end": 291, "text": "(Zhang and Gildea; Huang)", "ref_id": null } ], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Introduction", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas sponsored $1000 in scholarships for several students to attend the workshop. We thank AMTA for their generosity, and we also thank the Program Committee for their extremely quick reviews.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Introduction", "sec_num": null } ], "back_matter": [], "bib_entries": { "BIBREF1": { "ref_id": "b1", "title": "Synchronous TAG Syntax and Semantics Rebecca NESSON", "authors": [ { "first": "Stuart", "middle": [ "M . ." ], "last": "Shieber", "suffix": "" } ], "year": null, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Extraction Phenomena in Synchronous TAG Syntax and Semantics Rebecca NESSON and Stuart M. SHIEBER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9", "links": null }, "BIBREF2": { "ref_id": "b2", "title": "Inversion Transduction Grammar for Joint Phrasal Translation Modeling", "authors": [ { "first": "Colin", "middle": [], "last": "Cherry", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Lin", "middle": [ ". ." ], "last": "Dekang", "suffix": "" } ], "year": null, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Inversion Transduction Grammar for Joint Phrasal Translation Modeling Colin CHERRY and Dekang LIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17", "links": null }, "BIBREF3": { "ref_id": "b3", "title": "Factorization of Synchronous Context-Free Grammars in Linear Time", "authors": [ { "first": "Hao", "middle": [], "last": "Zhang", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Gildea", "middle": [ ". ." ], "last": "Daniel", "suffix": "" } ], "year": null, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Factorization of Synchronous Context-Free Grammars in Linear Time Hao ZHANG and Daniel GILDEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25", "links": null }, "BIBREF4": { "ref_id": "b4", "title": "Binarization, Synchronous Binarization, and Target-side Binarization", "authors": [ { "first": "Huang", "middle": [ ". ." ], "last": "Liang", "suffix": "" } ], "year": null, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Binarization, Synchronous Binarization, and Target-side Binarization Liang HUANG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33", "links": null }, "BIBREF5": { "ref_id": "b5", "title": "Machine Translation as Tree Labeling", "authors": [ { "first": "Mark", "middle": [], "last": "Hopkins", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Jonas", "middle": [ "Kuhn . ." ], "last": "", "suffix": "" } ], "year": null, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Machine Translation as Tree Labeling Mark HOPKINS and Jonas KUHN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41", "links": null }, "BIBREF6": { "ref_id": "b6", "title": "Discriminative word alignment by learning the alignment structure and syntactic divergence between a language pair Sriram VENKATAPATHY", "authors": [ { "first": "Joshi", "middle": [ ". ." ], "last": "Aravind", "suffix": "" } ], "year": null, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Discriminative word alignment by learning the alignment structure and syntactic divergence between a language pair Sriram VENKATAPATHY and Aravind JOSHI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49", "links": null }, "BIBREF7": { "ref_id": "b7", "title": "Machine Translation from Deep Syntactic Trees", "authors": [ { "first": "Keith", "middle": [], "last": "Hall", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "N\u011bmec", "middle": [ ". ." ], "last": "Petr", "suffix": "" } ], "year": null, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Generation in Machine Translation from Deep Syntactic Trees Keith HALL and Petr N\u011aMEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57", "links": null }, "BIBREF8": { "ref_id": "b8", "title": "Combining Morphosyntactic Enriched Representation with n-best Reranking in Statistical Translation", "authors": [ { "first": "Bonneau-Maynard", "middle": [], "last": "H\u00e9l\u00e8ne", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Allauzen", "middle": [], "last": "Alexandre", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Daniel", "middle": [], "last": "D\u00e9chelotte", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Schwenk", "middle": [ ". ." ], "last": "Holger", "suffix": "" } ], "year": null, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Combining Morphosyntactic Enriched Representation with n-best Reranking in Statistical Translation H\u00e9l\u00e8ne BONNEAU-MAYNARD, Alexandre ALLAUZEN, Daniel D\u00c9CHELOTTE and Holger SCHWENK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65", "links": null }, "BIBREF9": { "ref_id": "b9", "title": "A Walk on the Other Side: Using SMT Components in a Transfer-Based Translation System Ariadna FONT", "authors": [ { "first": "Stephan", "middle": [ "Vogel . ." ], "last": "Llitj\u00f3s", "suffix": "" } ], "year": null, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "A Walk on the Other Side: Using SMT Components in a Transfer-Based Translation System Ariadna FONT LLITJ\u00d3S and Stephan VOGEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72", "links": null }, "BIBREF10": { "ref_id": "b10", "title": "Dependency-Based Automatic Evaluation for Machine Translation Karolina OWCZARZAK", "authors": [ { "first": "Van", "middle": [], "last": "Josef", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Andy", "middle": [ "Way . ." ], "last": "Genabith", "suffix": "" } ], "year": null, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Dependency-Based Automatic Evaluation for Machine Translation Karolina OWCZARZAK, Josef VAN GENABITH and Andy WAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80", "links": null }, "BIBREF11": { "ref_id": "b11", "title": "Probabilistic Synchronous Tree-Adjoining Grammars for Machine Translation: The Argument from Bilingual Dictionaries Stuart M", "authors": [], "year": null, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Probabilistic Synchronous Tree-Adjoining Grammars for Machine Translation: The Argument from Bilingual Dictionaries Stuart M. SHIEBER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88", "links": null }, "BIBREF12": { "ref_id": "b12", "title": "Three models for discriminative machine translation using Global Lexical Selection and Sentence Reconstruction Sriram VENKATAPATHY and Srinivas BANGALORE", "authors": [], "year": null, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Three models for discriminative machine translation using Global Lexical Selection and Sentence Re- construction Sriram VENKATAPATHY and Srinivas BANGALORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96", "links": null }, "BIBREF13": { "ref_id": "b13", "title": "Comparing Reordering Constraints for SMT Using Efficient BLEU Oracle Computation Markus DREYER", "authors": [ { "first": "Keith", "middle": [], "last": "Hall", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Khudanpur", "middle": [ ". ." ], "last": "Sanjeev", "suffix": "" } ], "year": null, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Comparing Reordering Constraints for SMT Using Efficient BLEU Oracle Computation Markus DREYER, Keith HALL and Sanjeev KHUDANPUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103", "links": null }, "BIBREF14": { "ref_id": "b14", "title": ":00 Posters with Coffee Combining Morphosyntactic Enriched Representation with n-best Reranking in Statistical Translation H\u00e9l\u00e8ne BONNEAU-MAYNARD, Alexandre ALLAUZEN, Daniel D\u00c9CHELOTTE and Holger SCHWENK A Walk on the Other Side: Using SMT Components in a Transfer-Based Translation System Ariadna FONT LLITJ\u00d3S and Stephan VOGEL Dependency-Based Automatic Evaluation for Machine Translation Karolina OWCZARZAK, Josef VAN GENABITH and Andy WAY Probabilistic Synchronous Tree-Adjoining Grammars for Machine Translation: The Argument from", "authors": [ { "first": "Zhang", "middle": [], "last": "Yuqi", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Richard", "middle": [], "last": "Zens", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Ney", "middle": [], "last": "Hermann", "suffix": "" } ], "year": 2007, "venue": "30 Chunk-Level Reordering of Source Language Sentences with Automatically Learned Rules for Statistical Machine Translation", "volume": "9", "issue": "", "pages": "25--41", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Conference Program Thursday, April 26, 2007 9:00-9:05 Opening 9:05-9:30 Chunk-Level Reordering of Source Language Sentences with Automatically Learned Rules for Statistical Machine Translation Yuqi ZHANG, Richard ZENS and Hermann NEY 9:30-9:55 Extraction Phenomena in Synchronous TAG Syntax and Semantics Rebecca NESSON and Stuart M. SHIEBER 9:55-10:45 Invited Talk by William C. ROUNDS 10:45-11:15 Coffee Break 11:15-11:40 Inversion Transduction Grammar for Joint Phrasal Translation Modeling Colin CHERRY and Dekang LIN 11:40-12:05 Factorization of Synchronous Context-Free Grammars in Linear Time Hao ZHANG and Daniel GILDEA 12:05-12:30 Binarization, Synchronous Binarization, and Target-side Binarization Liang HUANG 12:30-14:00 Lunch 14:00-14:25 Machine Translation as Tree Labeling Mark HOPKINS and Jonas KUHN 14:25-14:50 Discriminative word alignment by learning the alignment structure and syntactic divergence between a language pair Sriram VENKATAPATHY and Aravind JOSHI 14:50-15:15 Generation in Machine Translation from Deep Syntactic Trees Keith HALL and Petr N\u011aMEC Thursday, April 26, 2007 (continued) 15:15-16:00 Posters with Coffee Combining Morphosyntactic Enriched Representation with n-best Reranking in Statistical Translation H\u00e9l\u00e8ne BONNEAU-MAYNARD, Alexandre ALLAUZEN, Daniel D\u00c9CHELOTTE and Holger SCHWENK A Walk on the Other Side: Using SMT Components in a Transfer-Based Translation System Ariadna FONT LLITJ\u00d3S and Stephan VOGEL Dependency-Based Automatic Evaluation for Machine Translation Karolina OWCZARZAK, Josef VAN GENABITH and Andy WAY Probabilistic Synchronous Tree-Adjoining Grammars for Machine Translation: The Argu- ment from Bilingual Dictionaries Stuart M. SHIEBER 16:00-16:25 Three models for discriminative machine translation using Global Lexical Selection and Sentence Reconstruction Sriram VENKATAPATHY and Srinivas BANGALORE 16:25-16:50 Comparing Reordering Constraints for SMT Using Efficient BLEU Oracle Computation Markus DREYER, Keith HALL and Sanjeev KHUDANPUR 16:50-17:50 Panel Discussion 17:50-18:00 Closing x", "links": null } }, "ref_entries": {} } }