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YaminiKhajekar

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A potential measure to mitigate climate change and high energy consumption is the conversion of the abundant carbon dioxide (CO2) in industrial flue gas into value-added products. Herein, combined with the 300,000 tonnes of electrolytic manganese metal technical renovation project of Tianyuan Manganese Industry in Ningxia, the methanol production performed using 10,000 tonnes of CO2 annually is simulated. The hydrogen produced by alkaline hydro-electrolysis through solar and wind power generation is mixed with the CO2 purified in the manganese dioxide roasting workshop of the self-made manganese plant and fed into the methanol reactor with a Cu/Zn/Al/Zr catalyst. The methanol thus obtained is sold after separation and purification. The water at the bottom of the rectifying column is mixed with fresh water and circulated in the water electrolytic unit for hydrogen production. The design of the supporting photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems is simulated using TRNSYS18 software. Results show that the optimal reaction temperature, pressure and space velocity for methanol preparation using this system are 501 K, 50 bar and 5.9 m3/kgcat h, respectively. Simulation results indicate that the proposed methanol production process boasts a higher energy efficiency and process yield than the conventional process. Consequently, potential annual profits would increase by USD6.71 × 107 along with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. This study thus provides a novel approach for cogeneration of green methanol while reducing industrial waste gas emission.

Extract the Pressure, Temperature and Catalyst from the given input and provide them in a dictionary format with keys as 'Pressure', 'Temperature', and 'Catalyst':

{'Pressure': '50 bar', 'Temperature': '501 K', 'Catalyst': 'Zr catalyst'}

Direct conversion of CO2 via hydrogenation to value-added chemicals is a vital approach for utilising CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. In this paper, a critical analysis of reaction kinetic modelling studies is explored in a fixed bed reactor to improve methanol yield for different H2 to CO2 ratios by simulating a lab-scale reactor for adiabatic and isothermal conditions. The feed inlet temperature and pressure variations are applied to study the effect of both configurations on methanol production. The results show that the isothermal configuration yields 2.76% more methanol yield compared to the adiabatic reactor. The effect of H2 to CO2 molar ratios of 3, 6 and 9 on the performance of the catalyst and the influence of CO and CO2 hydrogenation is investigated with model simulations. The overall methanol yield is increased from 19.03% to 36.41% with increase in H2 to CO2 molar ratio from 3 to 9. Experiments are performed using commercial copper-based catalyst for different temperatures of 210, 230 and 250 oC at a pressure of 40bar for H2/CO2 of 3 and GHSV of 720h-1 as well as at optimal temperature of 250 oC and 50bar with varying H2/CO2 of 3, 6, 9 for 3g and 6g catalyst. The maximum methanol yield of 2.53% and space time yield of 13.59mg/gcat.h is obtained at H2/CO2 ratio of 9.

Extract the Pressure, Temperature and Catalyst from the given input and provide them in a dictionary format with keys as 'Pressure', 'Temperature', and 'Catalyst':

{'Pressure': '40 bar', 'Temperature': '250 °C', 'Catalyst': 'CuZA catalyst'}

In this work, intermetallic PdZn-ZnO catalysts supported on high surface area TiO2 were synthesized using metal-organic precursors and different Zn/Pd molar ratio (2.5, 5 and 7.5). The use of organic Pd and Zn precursors in the impregnation of TiO2 has made it possible to achieve the formation of PdO and ZnO nanoparticles that facilitate the uniform formation of small intermetallic β-PdZn particles after reduction with hydrogen at 450 °C. No significant differences in formation, crystallinity or size of intermetallic PdZn particles with varying the Zn concentration were observed. The differences were in the characteristics of the ZnO particles that lead to enhanced development of the contacts between the PdZn and ZnO particles . The best methanol yield (78.9 mmolMeOH·min−1·molPd −1) was obtained over the catalyst with highest ZnO content. This was consequence of the higher development of PdZn-ZnO interfaces, where CO2 adsorption and hydrogenation of intermediate species to methanol occurs, as well as of the higher stability of the largest ZnO particles under reaction conditions.

Extract the Pressure, Temperature and Catalyst from the given input and provide them in a dictionary format with keys as 'Pressure', 'Temperature', and 'Catalyst':

{'Pressure': '30 bar', 'Temperature': '5 °C', 'Catalyst': 'TiO2 catalysts'}

The hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is one of the promising CO2 utilization routes in the industry that can contribute to emissions mitigation. In this work, improved operating conditions were reported for the sustainable catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol using Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst operated at 70 bar and 210 °C. The CO2 feedstock used for this process is pure CO2 produced from the cryogenic upgrading process of biogas or hydrocarbon industries and ready-to-use hydrogen purchased at 30 bar and 25 °C. The process was modeled and simulated using the commercial Aspen Plus software to produce methanol with a purity greater than 99% at 1 bar and 25 °C. The simulation results revealed that an adiabatic reactor operated with a CO2/H2 ratio of 1:7 produces methanol with a yield ≥99.84% and a CO2 conversion of 95.66%. Optimizing the heat exchanger network (HEN) achieved energy savings of 63% and reduced total direct and indirect CO2 emissions by 97.8%. The proposed methanol process with an annual production rate of 2.34 kt/yr is economically sound with a payback period of nine years if the maximum H2 price remains below $0.97/kg. Hence, producing or purchasing gray H2 from a steam reforming plant is the most viable economic source for the process.

Extract the Pressure, Temperature and Catalyst from the given input and provide them in a dictionary format with keys as 'Pressure', 'Temperature', and 'Catalyst':

{'Pressure': '150 bar', 'Temperature': '250 °C', 'Catalyst': 'Al2O3 catalyst'}

This work investigates process simulation and optimization as an efficient approach to mitigate global warming using carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol. Modeling and simulation of hydrogenation to methanol were studied using Aspen Plus V8. Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst is used to optimize parameters to enhance the reduction of CO2 to methanol. The effect of temperature, pressure, and the feed flow rate on CO2 conversion and CH3OH yield was reported. Response surface methodology (RSM) is used to analyze the chemical equilibrium of the CH3OH production process to obtain an optimal way of assuring a relatively higher CO2 conversion and CH3OH production rate. It helps to evaluate the optimum temperature, pressure, andH2/CO2 molar ratio to achieve maximum CO2 conversion and CH3OH yield. The impact of conversion and CH3OH yield was evaluated using surface plots. The RSM studies show optimized conditions for conversion and CH3OH yield at a temperature of 210 °C, a pressure of 55 bar, and a H2/CO2 concentration of 1:5. The anticipated CO2 conversion and CH3OH yield were 87.56% and 11.22%, respectively, whereas the simulation gave CO2 conversion of 87.65% and CH3OH yield of 11.39%. The generated quadratic model accurately predicts carbon dioxide conversion to methanol. The applicability of the model to forecast CO2 conversion and CH3OH yield is supported by the agreement between the simulated and expected results. This work can be considered a possible solution to overcome the thermodynamic difficulty by providing a higher CO2 conversion and would be beneficial for further investigation in industrial process.

Extract the Pressure, Temperature and Catalyst from the given input and provide them in a dictionary format with keys as 'Pressure', 'Temperature', and 'Catalyst':

{'Pressure': '55 bar', 'Temperature': '210 °C', 'Catalyst': 'Al2O3 catalyst'}

The method of Computational Fluid Dynamics is used to predict the process parameters and select the optimum operating regime of a methanol reformer for on-board production of hydrogen as fuel for a 3 kW High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell power system. The analysis uses a three reactions kinetics model for methanol steam reforming, water gas shift and methanol decomposition reactions on Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst. Numerical simulations are performed at single channel level for a range of reformer operating temperatures and values of the molar flow rate of methanol per weight of catalyst at the reformer inlet. Two operating regimes of the fuel processor are selected which offer high methanol conversion rate and high hydrogen production while simultaneously result in a small reformer size and a reformate gas composition that can be tolerated by phosphoric acid-doped high temperature membrane electrode assemblies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Based on the results of the numerical simulations, the reactor is sized, and its design is optimized.

Extract the Pressure, Temperature and Catalyst from the given input and provide them in a dictionary format with keys as 'Pressure', 'Temperature', and 'Catalyst':

{'Pressure': '1 atm', 'Temperature': '180 °C', 'Catalyst': 'Al2O3 catalyst'}

A detailed understanding of the interactions among the active components in gallium promoted Cu/ZnO catalysts, depending on the speciation of the gallium, are reported using in situ/operando spectroscopic studies, and their effect in the CO2 hydrogenation to methanol unraveled. In this contribution, the promoting effect of Ga3+-doped in the wurtzite ZnO lattice of a Cu/ZnO/Ga2O3 catalyst is compared to that of a zinc gallate (ZnGa2O4) phase. Remarkably, a strong inhibition of CO formation, together with an enhanced methanol formation, are observed in the Ga3+-doped ZnO sample, specifically at conditions where the competitive reverse water gas shift reaction predominates. The catalytic performance has been correlated with the microstructure of the catalyst where a surface enrichment with reduced ZnOx species, together with the stabilization of positive charged copper species and an increase in the amount of surface basic sites for CO2 adsorption are observed on the most selective sample.

Extract the Pressure, Temperature and Catalyst from the given input and provide them in a dictionary format with keys as 'Pressure', 'Temperature', and 'Catalyst':

{'Pressure': '20 bar', 'Temperature': '260 °C', 'Catalyst': 'Ga2O3 catalysts'}