File size: 26,590 Bytes
4e53e9c
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1
00:00:03,200 --> 00:00:11,000
ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ aspartic acid ูˆ ุญุณุจ ุงู„

2
00:00:11,000 --> 00:00:16,580
aspartic acid ูˆ .. ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฃูŠ pH ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง

3
00:00:16,580 --> 00:00:21,900
ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ charge ุชุฎุชู„ู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ pH 9

4
00:00:21,900 --> 00:00:31,380
.47 ุฃู‡ 9.47 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ alkaline solution ุนู†ุฏู†ุง net

5
00:00:31,380 --> 00:00:35,480
negative chargeุณุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู‰ ู‡ู†ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง negative

6
00:00:35,480 --> 00:00:38,440
charge ูˆ ู‡ู†ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง negative charge ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ net

7
00:00:38,440 --> 00:00:42,220
charge ู„ ุงู„ amino acid ุงู„ aspartic acid ุนู„ู‰

8
00:00:42,220 --> 00:00:47,020
alkaline pH ู‡ู‰ ู‡ูŠ negative ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ amino

9
00:00:47,020 --> 00:00:54,840
acid ู‡ุฐุง ูู‰ acidic solution ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ pH 2.8 ูŠุจู‚ู‰

10
00:00:54,840 --> 00:01:00,540
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง no net charge ู‡ุจู‚ู‰ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุนุงุฏู„ ู„ุฅู†

11
00:01:00,540 --> 00:01:04,260
ู‡ู†ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุดุญู†ุฉุณุงู„ุจุฉ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุดุญู†ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰

12
00:01:04,260 --> 00:01:09,480
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง no net charge ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุงุฎุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡

13
00:01:09,480 --> 00:01:18,780
ุงู„ู„ูŠุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ู† 9.47 no net charge ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‡ู†

14
00:01:18,780 --> 00:01:23,700
ุจุงู„ุงุณุจุงุทูƒ ุงุณุฏ ุนู„ู‰ 9.47 ูƒุงู† negative chargeุฃู‡ ุจุญุณุจ

15
00:01:23,700 --> 00:01:29,300
ุงู„ pH ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ protein ู‡ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ

16
00:01:29,300 --> 00:01:34,900
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ amino acids ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠุฒูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ 9.47

17
00:01:34,900 --> 00:01:43,580
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ alkaline ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู†ุง no net charge ุจูŠู†ู…ุง

18
00:01:43,580 --> 00:01:49,620
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูˆ ููŠ acidic solution ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ

19
00:01:49,620 --> 00:01:55,760
net positive chargeุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ

20
00:01:55,760 --> 00:02:02,240
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุตู„ ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุฉ

21
00:02:02,240 --> 00:02:07,640
charges ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ ISO electric

22
00:02:07,640 --> 00:02:11,820
point ูˆ

23
00:02:11,820 --> 00:02:15,660
ุงู„ ISO electric point ู‡ูŠ the pH at which an amino

24
00:02:15,660 --> 00:02:22,400
acid or protein has no net chargeูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ protein

25
00:02:22,400 --> 00:02:29,340
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ isoelectric point ุชู…ุงู… ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

26
00:02:29,340 --> 00:02:35,380
ุงู„ net charge ู„ ุงู„ protein ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ zeroThe pH at

27
00:02:35,380 --> 00:02:39,280
which an amino acid or a protein has no net charge

28
00:02:39,280 --> 00:02:44,180
ู‡ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุดุญู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุดุญู†ุงุช

29
00:02:44,180 --> 00:02:49,700
ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ

30
00:02:49,700 --> 00:02:53,440
ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุตู„ ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช

31
00:02:56,570 --> 00:03:01,670
ูˆุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฃูˆ ูุตู„ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช

32
00:03:01,670 --> 00:03:05,250
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ The point at which the number

33
00:03:05,250 --> 00:03:08,210
of positively charged groups equal to the number

34
00:03:08,210 --> 00:03:13,270
of negatively charged groups in a proteinุจุฌุจ ู‡ุงุฏ

35
00:03:13,270 --> 00:03:15,890
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุชุณูˆู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุดุญู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ู…ุน ุนุฏุฏ ุดุญู†ุงุช

36
00:03:15,890 --> 00:03:20,010
ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุงุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ isoelectric point ู„

37
00:03:20,010 --> 00:03:24,170
ุงู„ protein ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุงู†ููŠู†ุฉ no net charge ู„ ุงู„

38
00:03:24,170 --> 00:03:31,470
protein ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุฅู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ pH when

39
00:03:31,470 --> 00:03:36,770
the pH is more than isoelectric point protein has

40
00:03:36,770 --> 00:03:42,740
a net negative chargeุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ pH ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†

41
00:03:42,740 --> 00:03:47,540
ุงู„ู€ isoelectric point ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ net

42
00:03:47,540 --> 00:03:53,480
positive charge Soluble

43
00:03:53,480 --> 00:03:58,620
proteins have a charge on their surfaces ูŠุจู‚ู‰

44
00:03:58,620 --> 00:04:03,140
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† soluble ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ charges

45
00:04:03,140 --> 00:04:08,100
ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฑูˆุงุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ solvent

46
00:04:08,100 --> 00:04:16,150
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุนุดุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฑูˆุงุจุท ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฑ soluble ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง

47
00:04:16,150 --> 00:04:21,550
ุงู„ solvent ุงู„ protein has its lowest solubility at

48
00:04:21,550 --> 00:04:27,510
its isoelectric pointูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ุงู„ protein has

49
00:04:27,510 --> 00:04:33,310
its lowest solubility ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ุฐูˆุจุงู† ู„ู„ protein

50
00:04:33,310 --> 00:04:38,190
ุฃู‚ู„ ุฐูˆุจุงู† ู„ู„ protein ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† at its

51
00:04:38,190 --> 00:04:42,270
isoelectric pointู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ..

52
00:04:42,270 --> 00:04:44,490
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ isoelectric point ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ net

53
00:04:44,490 --> 00:04:49,190
charge zero ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃู‚ู„

54
00:04:49,190 --> 00:04:54,050
solubility ู„ุฃู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ solubility

55
00:04:54,050 --> 00:04:56,570
proteins have a charge on their surface ููŠู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

56
00:04:56,570 --> 00:05:00,590
ุดุญู†ุงุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑูˆุงุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„

57
00:05:00,590 --> 00:05:03,390
solvent ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุทุจ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠุด ุดุญู†ุงุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†

58
00:05:03,390 --> 00:05:06,650
ููŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุฑูˆุงุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ solvent ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ

59
00:05:06,650 --> 00:05:12,670
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ protein at its lowest solubilityWithout a

60
00:05:12,670 --> 00:05:16,450
net charge, protein-protein interactions and

61
00:05:16,450 --> 00:05:21,670
precipitation are more likely.ู‡ูˆ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ู…ุด

62
00:05:21,670 --> 00:05:26,830
soluble ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

63
00:05:26,830 --> 00:05:31,890
ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุชุฌู…ุน ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชุฑุณูŠุจ ู„ู‡ุฐุง

64
00:05:31,890 --> 00:05:36,970
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†The solubility of proteins in blood

65
00:05:36,970 --> 00:05:44,270
requires a pH in the range of 7.35 to 7.45 ุจูŠู‡ุฏุฆ

66
00:05:44,270 --> 00:05:51,850
ุงู„ pH ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ู„ ุงู„ุฏู… 7.35 ู„ 7.45 ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

67
00:05:51,850 --> 00:05:56,470
ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุฌุงู‡ุฏุง ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุญุงูุธ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงูŠ

68
00:05:56,470 --> 00:06:02,310
ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ pH ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ

69
00:06:02,310 --> 00:06:07,300
ุงู„ุฏู…Differences in solubility can be used to

70
00:06:07,300 --> 00:06:11,360
separate major plasma proteins from each other ุฒูŠ

71
00:06:11,360 --> 00:06:16,360
ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ solubility ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ูุตู„

72
00:06:16,360 --> 00:06:21,030
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูุตู„

73
00:06:21,030 --> 00:06:28,450
ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ mixture of

74
00:06:28,450 --> 00:06:36,370
proteins ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู‡ ุนู„ู‰ bh ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„

75
00:06:36,370 --> 00:06:40,710
isoelectric point ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุตุงุฑ

76
00:06:40,710 --> 00:06:44,810
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุนู†ุฏ .. ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ isoelectric point ูŠุจู‚ู‰ no

77
00:06:44,810 --> 00:06:48,610
net charge ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‡ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†

78
00:06:48,610 --> 00:06:49,610
ูŠุชุฑุณุจ

79
00:06:53,120 --> 00:06:58,780
functions of proteins ุทุจุนุง ู†ุฒู„ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ

80
00:06:58,780 --> 00:07:03,520
ู…ู† ุงู„ proteinุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฅู†

81
00:07:03,520 --> 00:07:08,120
ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ 70% ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ dry weight ู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ

82
00:07:08,120 --> 00:07:11,220
ุนู† ุงู„ proteins ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ proteinุงุช ุจุชู‚ูˆู…

83
00:07:11,220 --> 00:07:16,320
ุจุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ functions ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ูุนู„ูŠุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุฅู†

84
00:07:16,320 --> 00:07:21,140
ุงู„ proteins do everything in the living cellsุชู…ุงู…ุŸ

85
00:07:21,140 --> 00:07:25,620
ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก

86
00:07:25,620 --> 00:07:29,580
ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ proteins

87
00:07:31,000 --> 00:07:33,740
Functional classification of plasma proteins is

88
00:07:33,740 --> 00:07:37,620
useful in understanding the changes that occur in

89
00:07:37,620 --> 00:07:41,660
disease ุทุจุนุง ุฅู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ

90
00:07:41,660 --> 00:07:47,580
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฎู…ุณู…ูŠุฉ protein

91
00:07:47,580 --> 00:07:51,320
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…

92
00:07:51,320 --> 00:07:58,520
ูˆุธุงุฆู ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ู…ู†

93
00:07:58,520 --> 00:08:01,680
ุงู„ functions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุดูˆู‚ ุงู„ nutrition ุทุจุนุง ููŠู†ุง

94
00:08:01,680 --> 00:08:04,400
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ immune

95
00:08:04,400 --> 00:08:08,380
defense ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ antibodies ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ

96
00:08:08,380 --> 00:08:11,920
ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุฑุชูุน ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ inflammation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

97
00:08:11,920 --> 00:08:15,940
ุงู„ acute phase proteins ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ transport

98
00:08:15,940 --> 00:08:20,270
proteins ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุฃูˆ

99
00:08:20,270 --> 00:08:25,790
ions ุฃูˆ hormones ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ drugs ุฒูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ

100
00:08:25,790 --> 00:08:29,970
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ albumin ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู†ุงู‚ู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆ ู„ .. ู„

101
00:08:29,970 --> 00:08:33,890
transferin ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู„ุนุจ

102
00:08:33,890 --> 00:08:38,110
ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ homeostasis proteins involved in

103
00:08:38,110 --> 00:08:41,430
forming clots and acting very closely with

104
00:08:41,430 --> 00:08:46,590
complementููŠ ุญุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„

105
00:08:46,590 --> 00:08:51,610
clothing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ุฃุฏุงู…ู‡ ุนุดุงู† ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู†ุฒูŠู ูู‰

106
00:08:51,610 --> 00:08:54,250
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุง regulatory ุงู„ proteins ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„

107
00:08:54,250 --> 00:08:58,310
receptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุง

108
00:08:58,310 --> 00:09:02,050
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ hormonุงุช ู„ุฃู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ hormonุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ

109
00:09:02,050 --> 00:09:05,800
ุนู† ุงู„ proteinุงุชุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง function ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„

110
00:09:05,800 --> 00:09:09,740
Catalysis ู„ุงุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ

111
00:09:09,740 --> 00:09:13,500
ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุงู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Enzymุงุช

112
00:09:14,260 --> 00:09:20,100
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Osmotic Force ุฃูˆ

113
00:09:20,100 --> 00:09:25,440
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ Osmotic Pressure ูˆู‡ูˆ ุชูˆุฒุน ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

114
00:09:25,440 --> 00:09:29,980
ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ Intravascular ูˆ ุงู„

115
00:09:29,980 --> 00:09:34,140
Extravascular compartment ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

116
00:09:34,140 --> 00:09:40,500
ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฒุนุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ุงุณุจ ูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡

117
00:09:40,500 --> 00:09:45,410
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉุนุดุงู† ู†ุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰

118
00:09:45,410 --> 00:09:49,330
blood volume ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู†ุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ blood pressure ู‡ุงู†

119
00:09:49,330 --> 00:09:53,070
ุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู… ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู…

120
00:09:53,070 --> 00:10:00,010
ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุทุจุนุง ู„ .. ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุตู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„

121
00:10:00,010 --> 00:10:05,390
nutrients ูˆ ุงู„ oxygen ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนุดุงู†

122
00:10:05,390 --> 00:10:11,650
ู†ุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ osmotic force ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ููŠ

123
00:10:11,650 --> 00:10:17,060
ุฏุงุฎู„ุงู„ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ maintenance of water

124
00:10:17,060 --> 00:10:19,020
distribution between cells and tissue and the

125
00:10:19,020 --> 00:10:22,000
vascular system of the body ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ

126
00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:26,560
ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ osmotic force ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ albumin ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง

127
00:10:26,560 --> 00:10:29,540
ู…ุงู‚ู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู„ู„ albumin

128
00:10:29,540 --> 00:10:33,500
ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ู† ุงู„ functions ู„ู„ proteins ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชุญุงูุธ ุฃูˆ

129
00:10:33,500 --> 00:10:35,940
ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ acid base balance

130
00:10:35,940 --> 00:10:41,090
participation as buffers to maintain pHุงู„ุนูŠุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰

131
00:10:41,090 --> 00:10:45,230
ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒู…ุงู† ูƒ buffers ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ hydrogen

132
00:10:45,230 --> 00:10:50,570
ions ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ูุนู„ูŠุง ุชุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช

133
00:10:50,570 --> 00:10:56,170
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ acidity ู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„

134
00:10:56,170 --> 00:10:59,530
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ู„ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ structural

135
00:10:59,530 --> 00:11:05,950
contractile ูˆfibrous ูˆkeratinous ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ

136
00:11:05,950 --> 00:11:12,310
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุธุงูุฑ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุดุนุฑุชู…ุงู… ุจุฌู‡ุฏ ูƒู„ู‡ุง

137
00:11:12,310 --> 00:11:23,730
functions ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… catabolism

138
00:11:23,730 --> 00:11:28,110
and nitrogen balance most proteins in the body are

139
00:11:28,110 --> 00:11:31,510
constantly being repetitively synthesized and then

140
00:11:31,510 --> 00:11:36,770
degraded ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง half-life ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

141
00:11:36,770 --> 00:11:42,250
ุนู…ุฑ ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ูˆุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู†

142
00:11:42,250 --> 00:11:47,910
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู…ุฌู…ู„ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู…ูŠุฉ

143
00:11:47,910 --> 00:11:52,170
ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุจุณู„ู‡ุง degradation ุจุณู„ู‡ุง breakdown ูˆููŠ

144
00:11:52,170 --> 00:11:59,760
ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุจุณู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ buildingูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

145
00:11:59,760 --> 00:12:03,600
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุจูŠู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒุณุฑ

146
00:12:03,600 --> 00:12:07,940
ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุจู†ูŠ Balance

147
00:12:07,940 --> 00:12:11,040
exists between protein anabolism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ senses

148
00:12:11,040 --> 00:12:16,380
and catabolism ุงู„ break down ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง balance ูƒุฏู‡ุด

149
00:12:16,380 --> 00:12:19,840
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุฃูˆ ูƒุฏู‡ุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูู‰

150
00:12:19,840 --> 00:12:26,700
ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง nitrogen balance ูู‰

151
00:12:26,700 --> 00:12:31,250
ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ nitrogen

152
00:12:31,250 --> 00:12:36,090
balance ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง

153
00:12:36,090 --> 00:12:40,690
ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† amino acids ูˆ ุงู„ amino acids ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง

154
00:12:40,690 --> 00:12:46,090
nitrogen ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ

155
00:12:46,090 --> 00:12:50,270
ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู†ุณุจุฉ nitrogen ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ูŠ

156
00:12:50,270 --> 00:12:55,420
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุชูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช

157
00:12:55,420 --> 00:12:58,480
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ nitrogen ุฃูˆ ุงู„

158
00:12:58,480 --> 00:13:02,700
nitrogen ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง

159
00:13:02,700 --> 00:13:08,940
ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ nitrogen balance ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู…ุฑุงูƒุจุงุช

160
00:13:08,940 --> 00:13:11,920
ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ nitrogen ู„ูƒู†

161
00:13:11,920 --> 00:13:16,640
ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ proteins

162
00:13:16,640 --> 00:13:23,100
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ nitrogen balanceุนู†ุง ุงู„ nitrogen intake ู†ุงู‚ุต

163
00:13:23,100 --> 00:13:27,280
ุงู„ nitrogen loss ุจูŠู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ nitrogen balance ุฌุฏุงุด

164
00:13:27,280 --> 00:13:32,280
ุจุฏุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ nitrogen ูˆ ุฌุฏุงุด ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ nitrogen ูˆ ุฒูŠ

165
00:13:32,280 --> 00:13:35,680
ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุจูŠูƒูˆู† .. ููŠ ุฃู†ุง ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

166
00:13:35,680 --> 00:13:38,700
ุฌุฏุงุด ุจุฏุฎู„ ุฌุฏุงุด ุจูŠุทู„ุน ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ nitrogen balance

167
00:13:38,700 --> 00:13:47,680
zero ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง turnover total about one125 to

168
00:13:47,680 --> 00:13:51,680
220 gram of protein each day ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตู„ ุงู„

169
00:13:51,680 --> 00:13:55,240
turn ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ over ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง degradation

170
00:13:55,240 --> 00:14:01,400
ุฃูˆ breakdown ู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ู† 125 ู„ 220 ูˆ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ

171
00:14:01,400 --> 00:14:06,960
synthesis ู„ู†ูุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ normal healthy adults

172
00:14:06,960 --> 00:14:09,680
are generally in nitrogen balance ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง

173
00:14:09,680 --> 00:14:13,120
ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง nitrogen intake ูŠุฏ ุงู„ nitrogen loss

174
00:14:15,580 --> 00:14:18,920
ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„

175
00:14:18,920 --> 00:14:23,380
nitrogen balance ุจูŠูƒูˆู† positive ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ nitrogen

176
00:14:23,380 --> 00:14:28,060
balance positiveุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† hand ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉุŒ ุทุจุนุง

177
00:14:28,060 --> 00:14:31,970
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† hand zeroุทุจ

178
00:14:31,970 --> 00:14:34,390
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ nitrogen balance ุจุชูƒูˆู† positive ุจุชูƒูˆู†

179
00:14:34,390 --> 00:14:37,890
ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ plus ู‡ุงู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ nitrogen

180
00:14:37,890 --> 00:14:42,510
intake ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ nitrogen loss ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจุฏู†ุง

181
00:14:42,510 --> 00:14:47,890
ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 220 ุงุฌุฑุงู… ุจูŠุตูŠู„ู‡ break down

182
00:14:47,890 --> 00:14:52,250
ูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ sentences ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ 220 ุงุฌุฑุงู… ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง

183
00:14:52,250 --> 00:14:54,830
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง balance ุทุจ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

184
00:14:54,830 --> 00:14:57,950
positive nitrogen balance ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„

185
00:14:57,950 --> 00:15:03,740
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ intake 300ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ

186
00:15:03,740 --> 00:15:08,700
ู„ุต 220 ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ ash ุจุงู„ nitrogen intake

187
00:15:08,700 --> 00:15:13,110
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุงุฌุฑุงู…ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุงู† positiveุŒ

188
00:15:13,110 --> 00:15:16,230
positive ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง positive

189
00:15:16,230 --> 00:15:21,530
nitrogen balance ูˆ ุงู…ุชู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡

190
00:15:21,530 --> 00:15:26,010
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

191
00:15:26,010 --> 00:15:31,670
ุจุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุฒูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช

192
00:15:31,670 --> 00:15:33,750
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ pregnant woman ุฒูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ growing

193
00:15:33,750 --> 00:15:37,720
childrenุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ adults recovering from major

194
00:15:37,720 --> 00:15:41,200
illness ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุถ ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ุงู„ wasting

195
00:15:41,200 --> 00:15:50,320
diseases ูˆุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ูู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ุงู„ูˆุฒู†

196
00:15:50,320 --> 00:15:54,260
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ recovery ูˆ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

197
00:15:54,260 --> 00:15:58,020
ููŠู‡ ุดูุงุก ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุจู†ุงุก ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

198
00:15:58,020 --> 00:16:01,760
ููŠ ุงู„ nitrogen intake ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ nitrogen loss

199
00:16:01,760 --> 00:16:04,060
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ positive nitrogen balance

200
00:16:06,260 --> 00:16:09,240
ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠุงู†ุง ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู† ุงู„

201
00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:12,740
nitrogen balance ููŠู‡ุง negative conditions in which

202
00:16:12,740 --> 00:16:16,280
there is excessive tissue destruction ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†

203
00:16:16,280 --> 00:16:20,420
ููŠุงู†ุง breakdown ูˆ destruction ู„ุฃ ุงู„ tissues ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช

204
00:16:20,420 --> 00:16:24,360
ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ loss ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฒูŠ

205
00:16:24,360 --> 00:16:28,340
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู‚ ููŠุงู†ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ wasting diseases

206
00:16:28,340 --> 00:16:33,660
ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ infections ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุซู„ุง

207
00:16:33,660 --> 00:16:37,380
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ chronic ุฏูŠุงุฑูŠุฉุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ูˆุงู„ุฏ

208
00:16:37,380 --> 00:16:40,180
tuberculosis ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุนุชุจุฑ wasting diseases ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰

209
00:16:40,180 --> 00:16:48,760
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ loss ูˆ ูู‚ุฏ ู„ู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ fever

210
00:16:48,760 --> 00:16:52,040
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ starvation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ

211
00:16:52,040 --> 00:16:57,280
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุนุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ูู‚ุฏ

212
00:16:57,610 --> 00:17:01,590
ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ more nitrogen is

213
00:17:01,590 --> 00:17:07,010
executed than is incorporated into the body ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ

214
00:17:07,010 --> 00:17:10,010
ูˆุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฅู† ุงู„ nitrogen

215
00:17:10,010 --> 00:17:14,410
loss ู‡ูˆ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ nitrogen

216
00:17:14,410 --> 00:17:20,230
intake ู…ุซู„ุง ุฎู„ุงู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู…ูŠุฉูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ nitrogen

217
00:17:20,230 --> 00:17:24,170
loss ุชู„ุงุชู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูŠุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชู„ุงุชู…ูŠุฉ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ

218
00:17:24,170 --> 00:17:28,830
ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ minus 200 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†

219
00:17:28,830 --> 00:17:32,110
ุงู„ nitrogen balance ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

220
00:17:32,110 --> 00:17:40,330
negative nitrogen balance ุทูŠุจ

221
00:17:40,330 --> 00:17:45,270
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุตู„ู‘ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู„

222
00:17:45,270 --> 00:17:46,910
plasma proteins

223
00:17:49,060 --> 00:17:54,560
ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุนู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุฃู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ plasma

224
00:17:54,560 --> 00:17:59,560
proteins ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ About 500 proteins have been

225
00:17:59,560 --> 00:18:03,480
identified in plasma The plasma proteins include

226
00:18:03,480 --> 00:18:07,400
immunoglobulins, enzymes and enzyme inhibitors

227
00:18:08,000 --> 00:18:12,500
ุจุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„

228
00:18:12,500 --> 00:18:16,380
ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง most plasma proteins with notable

229
00:18:16,380 --> 00:18:21,180
exception of immunoglobulins are synthesized in

230
00:18:21,180 --> 00:18:25,440
the liver ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ

231
00:18:25,440 --> 00:18:33,020
ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ liver ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ุงู„ antibodies plasma

232
00:18:33,020 --> 00:18:36,820
proteins circulate in the blood and between the

233
00:18:36,820 --> 00:18:41,170
bloodand the extracellular tissue spaces ูŠุจู‚ู‰

234
00:18:41,170 --> 00:18:44,630
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ูƒู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช

235
00:18:44,630 --> 00:18:49,530
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุชุบุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆ ุชุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ extracellular tissue

236
00:18:49,530 --> 00:18:53,930
spaces ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง

237
00:18:56,660 --> 00:18:59,840
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„

238
00:18:59,840 --> 00:19:06,180
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ pre-albumin ุงู„ albumin ุงู„ globulins ุงู„ู„ูŠ

239
00:19:06,180 --> 00:19:11,100
ู‡ูˆ alpha one, alpha two ูˆ beta ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ gamma

240
00:19:12,940 --> 00:19:16,740
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ globulins ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ

241
00:19:16,740 --> 00:19:19,420
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ Alpha-1-antitrypsin Alpha-1

242
00:19:19,420 --> 00:19:23,100
-fetoprotein Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein

243
00:19:23,100 --> 00:19:27,320
Heptoglobin, Seruloplasmin Alpha-2-macroglobulin

244
00:19:27,320 --> 00:19:31,700
Transferrin, Hemopixin ูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ acute phase protein

245
00:19:31,700 --> 00:19:37,000
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ CRP ูˆ ุงู„ immunoglobulins ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

246
00:19:37,000 --> 00:19:43,520
ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ myoglobin ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

247
00:19:43,520 --> 00:19:48,460
ู‡ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ. ูŠุจุฌูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ proteinase

248
00:19:48,460 --> 00:19:53,320
ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„

249
00:19:53,320 --> 00:19:58,000
.. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุงุฎุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ

250
00:19:58,000 --> 00:20:07,050
ูˆุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุชูˆู‚ู ู‡ู†ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ

251
00:20:07,050 --> 00:20:12,150
ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุทูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ

252
00:20:12,150 --> 00:20:18,850
ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ุฑุงูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฎูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ

253
00:20:18,850 --> 00:20:21,810
ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡