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ุงูุณูุงู
ุนูููู
ุงูููู
2
00:00:27,320 --> 00:00:32,160
ุณูููู
ุจู
ูุงุทุน ุญููุฉ 12ุ ุญููุฉ 12 ุชุชููู
ุนู ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
3
00:00:32,160 --> 00:00:40,800
ุซูุงุซุฉ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู
ู ุญููุฉ 12ุ ุฃููุง ูุชููู
ุนู ุตูุงุนุฉ
4
00:00:40,800 --> 00:00:46,200
ุงููุฑุจููุ ุซุงููุง ูุชููู
ุนู ุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุฃุณูุญุฉุ ุซุงูุซุง
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ูุชููู
ุนู ุตูุงุนุฉ ุงููุฑุจูู ุณุชูู Carbon Steelุ ู
ุงุฐุง ููุตุฏ
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ุจู Carbon Steelุ ูุฐุง ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ู
ู ู
ูุงู ูู ุฌูุฑูุงู
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ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
8
00:01:02,800 --> 00:01:02,940
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
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00:01:02,940 --> 00:01:03,320
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
10
00:01:03,320 --> 00:01:03,720
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
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00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:06,240
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
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00:01:06,240 --> 00:01:12,460
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
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ูุฃููุงุน ู
ุดุชูุงุช ุงูุณุชููุ ุงููู ูู ุฃูุซุฑ ุฃููุงุน ุงูุญุฏูุฏ
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ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ูุง technically though this well-known alloy
15
00:01:23,160 --> 00:01:27,560
of iron and carbon is not as simple as one might
16
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thinkุ ุงูููุฑุฉ ููุง ู
ุด ุจุงูุจุณุงุทุฉ ุงููู ุจุชุนุชูุฏููุงุ steel
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comes in a huge range of different gradesุ ุงูุฃููุงุน
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00:01:38,700 --> 00:01:43,850
ุชุจุนุชู ูุงูู
ูุงุตูุงุช ู
ุฎุชููุฉุ each with different
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characteristicsุ ูู ูุงุญุฏ ูู ู
ูุงุตูุงุช ู
ุฎุชููุฉุ for the
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00:01:49,110 --> 00:01:53,870
inexperienced it can be difficult to know where to
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00:01:53,870 --> 00:01:58,510
beginุ ููู ู
ุง ุนูุฏูู
ู
ุด ุฎุจุฑุฉุ ุตุนุจ ูุนุฑู ู
ู ููู ูุจุฏุฃ
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00:02:00,010 --> 00:02:05,810
Carbon steelุ ูุฐุง ุงููุถุน ุงูุฃููุ ู
ูุงู ุฌูุฏ ููุจุฏุก ูู ู
ุน
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00:02:05,810 --> 00:02:08,950
ุงูุงุซููู ุงูุฑุฆูุณููู ู
ู ุงูุตูุงุนุฉุ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
24
00:02:08,950 --> 00:02:10,750
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
25
00:02:10,750 --> 00:02:11,610
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
26
00:02:11,610 --> 00:02:12,290
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
27
00:02:12,290 --> 00:02:12,670
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
28
00:02:12,670 --> 00:02:12,830
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
29
00:02:12,830 --> 00:02:13,490
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
30
00:02:13,490 --> 00:02:13,990
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
31
00:02:13,990 --> 00:02:14,150
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
32
00:02:14,150 --> 00:02:17,190
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
33
00:02:17,190 --> 00:02:24,480
ุงูุตูุงุนุชุงู ุงูุขู ูุง ุชุญุชูู ุนูู ูุณุจุฉ ู
ุนููุฉ ูุฃู ูุณุจุฉ
34
00:02:24,480 --> 00:02:29,140
ุฃุฎุฑูุ ูุณุจุฉ ู
ุนููุฉ ูุฑุจูู ุณุชูู ูู
ูู ุฃู ูููู ู
ูุณู
ูุง
35
00:02:29,140 --> 00:02:34,660
ุฅูู ุซูุงุซุฉ ุฃูุณุงู
ุฃุณุงุณูุฉุ ุนูุฏูุง ุซูุงุซ ุฎุงูุงุช ูู Carbon
36
00:02:34,660 --> 00:02:39,040
steelุ ุฅูุด ูู
ุ Mild steelุ the most widely used
37
00:02:39,040 --> 00:02:42,820
grade is a low carbon steel which contains up to
38
00:02:42,820 --> 00:02:47,300
approximately point three percent of carbonุ ูุนูู
39
00:02:47,300 --> 00:02:51,890
ุงููู ุฃูุง ุจุชุทูุน ุนููู ูุฐุง ุงู Mild ูุฏูุด ุจูุญุชููุ ุซูุงุซุฉ ู
ู
40
00:02:51,890 --> 00:02:57,090
ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจุงูู
ูุฉ ูุฑุจููุ ูุงูุจุงูู ุฅูุดุ Ironุ ููุฐุง ุจูุณู
ูู
41
00:02:57,090 --> 00:03:01,570
ุฅูุดุ Mild steelุ Medium carbon steel contain
42
00:03:01,570 --> 00:03:07,500
between approximately point three percent to point
43
00:03:07,500 --> 00:03:12,540
six percent carbonุ ูุนูู ู
ู Point ุชูุงุชุฉ ู Point ูุงู
ุ
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00:03:12,540 --> 00:03:16,300
ุณุชุฉ Carbonุ High carbon steel contain between
45
00:03:16,300 --> 00:03:20,300
approximately point six and one point four percent
46
00:03:20,300 --> 00:03:24,920
carbonุ ูุนูู ูุฐู ุงููุณุจุฉ ุชุจุนุชู ุนูู ุฅูุดุ ูุฐู ุงูุฃููุงุน
47
00:03:24,920 --> 00:03:29,060
one point four percent carbonุ ุงูุขู ุจูุทูุน ุนูููู
ุ ูุฐู
48
00:03:29,060 --> 00:03:31,940
ุงูุซูุงุซ ุฃููุงุน ุฅูุด ูู
ุ Mild
49
00:03:34,300 --> 00:03:39,000
Medium carbon steelุ ูุจุนุฏูู ุฅูุดุ High carbon steel
50
00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:42,980
ูุฏูู ุงูุซูุงุซ ูู ุงููู ุจูุญุชููุง ุฅูุดุ Carbons and
51
00:03:42,980 --> 00:03:46,400
steelุ ูุงู Carbon ุฒู ู
ุง ุจุชูุงุญุธูุงุ very low
52
00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:51,400
quantitiesุ ูุนูู ูู
ุง ุชุชููู
ุนู ุซูุงุซุฉ ู
ู ุงูุนุดุฑุฉ
53
00:03:51,400 --> 00:03:58,080
ุจุงูู
ูุฉ ูุณุจุฉุ ูุนูู ูู ุงูู ูุนูู ูู ูููู ููู ุนููู ุซูุงุซุฉ
54
00:03:58,080 --> 00:04:05,020
gramุ ูุฐู ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฎูููุฉ ุฌุฏุงุ ูุฃูุซุฑ ูุงุญุฏ ููู ูู ุฃูู ูู
55
00:04:05,020 --> 00:04:12,180
ูููู ูุนูู 14 gramุ ุจุฑุถู ูุฐู ุงููุณุจุฉ ุจุชุจูู ุฎูููุฉ
56
00:04:12,180 --> 00:04:17,620
ุงูููุน ุงูุซุงูู ุจูุณู
ูู
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00:04:17,620 --> 00:04:22,890
Alloy steelsุ ุงูุขู ูุญู ุจูุนุฑู ุงู Steel ุฅูุด ููุนูุ It's
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00:04:22,890 --> 00:04:26,930
an alloyุ ู
ุธุจูุทุ ู
ุด ู
ุนูู ุงูููุงู
ุฃูู ูุฐุง ุณู
ููุงู Alloy
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steelุ ุงุช ููุน ุซุงูู ู
ุด Alloyุ ูุฃุ ูู ูู ุจุณ ุงูุชุณู
ูุฉ
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00:04:30,570 --> 00:04:34,610
ุชุจุนุชูุ ูุฃู ูุฐู ุงูุฃููุงุน ุงููู ุฌุงูุฉ ููู ููุง ูู ุนูููุง
61
00:04:34,610 --> 00:04:40,660
other metalsุ ุจูุญุทูู
ู
ุน ุงููุฑุจููุ ูููุณุ ููุฌู ูุทูุนูุงุ the
62
00:04:40,660 --> 00:04:44,080
second main category of steel is Alloy steels
63
00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:48,540
which consists of iron carbon and one or more
64
00:04:48,540 --> 00:04:53,500
alloying materialุ ูุนูู ุฅุญูุง ุฅูุด ุจูุถููุ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุฃูุซุฑ
65
00:04:53,500 --> 00:04:57,980
ุงููู ูู ูุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃู ุงุซูุชูู ู
ู ุงู Material ุงู Alloying
66
00:04:57,980 --> 00:05:02,800
materialุ ุงูุซุงููุฉุ Specific grade of the Alloying
67
00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:03,800
steel include
68
00:05:09,540 --> 00:05:20,940
ู
ุด ุตุบูุฑ ุทูุจ
69
00:05:20,940 --> 00:05:24,280
ุงู Include ุฅูุด ุงููู ุนูุฏู ูุงุ ูุงู ุงูุฃููุงุน ุงููู
70
00:05:24,280 --> 00:05:29,780
ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุนูุฏูุงุ ูุทูุน ุนูููู
ุ Low alloy steel which
71
00:05:29,780 --> 00:05:38,060
contains 90% ุฃู ุงูู
ุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงูุญุฏูุฏุ ูุญุชู 10% ู
ู
72
00:05:38,060 --> 00:05:45,360
ุงูู
ูุงุฏ ุงูุชุฌุงุฑูุฉ ู
ุซูุ ูุฑูู
ุ ููููุ ู
ูุฌููุฒ
73
00:05:45,360 --> 00:05:47,680
ู
ูููุจุฏููููู
74
00:05:49,120 --> 00:05:53,780
Vanadiumุ ูุฏูู ุงูุฃููุงุน ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุงููู ุจูุญุทูู
ูููู
75
00:05:53,780 --> 00:05:57,380
ูุฐุง ุฅูุด ุจูุณู
ููุ Low alloying steelุ ูุฃู ูู ุนูุฏู
76
00:05:57,380 --> 00:06:04,380
ุชุณุนูู ุจุงูู
ูุฉ Ironุ ูุงูุจุงูู Alloying materialsุ High
77
00:06:04,380 --> 00:06:10,720
strength Low alloying steel which contains smaller
78
00:06:10,720 --> 00:06:15,430
quantity of the above metalsุ it's typically less
79
00:06:15,430 --> 00:06:19,250
than two percentุ ูุนูู ูุฏูู ุฃูู ุงููู ุณู
ููุงู High
80
00:06:19,250 --> 00:06:23,730
strength Low alloying materialุ ุงูุขู ุจูุฌู ุงูููุน
81
00:06:23,730 --> 00:06:26,890
ุงูุซุงูุซ ุงููู ุจูุณู
ูู ุงู Stainless steelุ ูู ููุชูู
82
00:06:26,890 --> 00:06:32,630
ุจุชุนุฑููู ูุฐุงุ ู
ุธุจูุทุ Which contain Chromium as well
83
00:06:32,630 --> 00:06:36,850
as other metals such as Nickel and which do not
84
00:06:36,850 --> 00:06:40,130
rustุ ูุนูู ุฅูุด ูุฐุง ุงู Stainless steelุ ุฅูุด ู
ุญุตููุ
85
00:06:41,070 --> 00:06:48,430
ู
ุง ุจูุตุฏุฆุ ูุงู ุงู Rustุ ุฅูุด ู
ุนูุงูุงุ ูุนูู ุตุฏุฃุ Tools steels
86
00:06:48,430 --> 00:06:52,650
ุจุชุนุฑููุง ุฃูุชู ูู
ุง ุชูุฌูุง ุณูุงููู ุฃู ูู
ูู ุงูุญุงุฌุงุช
87
00:06:52,650 --> 00:06:59,250
ุงููู ุจููุทุน ูููู
ุฒู ุชุจุน ุงูู
ูุฌุฏูุญุฉ ุฃู ุงูู
ูุจุงุฑูุฏ ุฃู ูู
88
00:06:59,250 --> 00:07:03,210
ูุฐูุ ูุงุชู ุจูุณู
ููุง Tools stealุ They contain
89
00:07:03,210 --> 00:07:07,110
Tungsten and Cobaltุ ุงู Tungsten ูุงู Cobalt
90
00:07:07,110 --> 00:07:12,360
ูุฏูู Tough materialุ ูุนูู ุฌุงู
ุฏุฉุ Okayุ a widely used
91
00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:17,340
grade of Tools steel is High-speed steel which is
92
00:07:17,340 --> 00:07:20,180
used in cutting tools that operate at a high
93
00:07:20,180 --> 00:07:23,740
temperature such as Drill bitsุ ุฅูุด ูุนูู Drill
94
00:07:23,740 --> 00:07:31,340
bitsุ ูุฃุ ุจุชุนุฑููุง ุงูุฑูุด ุชุจุนุงุช ุงูู
ูุฌุฏูุญุฉุ ูุฐุง ุจูุณู
ููุง
95
00:07:31,340 --> 00:07:35,950
ุฅูุดุ ุงู Drill bitsุ ู
ุง ุฃูุชู ุงูุจูุงุช ู
ุด ุฃูุซุฑ ุฎุจุฑุชูู
96
00:07:35,950 --> 00:07:41,270
ูู ูุฐู ุงูุดุบูุฉุ ุงูุดุจุงุจ ูุฐู ุงูุดุบูุงุช ู
ุนุธู
ูู
ุฌุฑุจููุง
97
00:07:41,270 --> 00:07:44,690
ูุงูุขู
98
00:07:44,690 --> 00:07:48,210
ูุฐู ุงููู ุจูุชููู
ุนููู
ุ ูุนูุง ูู
ููุน ู
ู ูุฏูู ุงูููุน
99
00:07:48,210 --> 00:07:57,570
ุงููู ุจุณู
ูู Alloy steelุ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃููุงุนุ ุฅูุด ูู
ุ Low alloy
100
00:08:02,120 --> 00:08:07,880
High strength Low alloyุ Stainless Steelุ ูุงูุฑุงุจุนุฉ Tools Steelุ ุงูุขู ุนูุฏูุง
101
00:08:07,880 --> 00:08:11,760
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูุณู
ููุง ุงู Corrosionุ ุฅูุด ูู ุงู Corrosionุ ูู
102
00:08:11,760 --> 00:08:20,020
ุงู Oxidation ุฃู ุงู Oxideุ ูู ุงู Rustุ ุฅูุด ูุนููุ
103
00:08:20,020 --> 00:08:26,180
ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูุตุฏุฃุ ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูุตุฏุฃ ุจูุณู
ููุง ุนู
ููุฉ ุฃูุณุฏุฉ ุฃู
104
00:08:26,180 --> 00:08:34,220
ุนู
ููุฉ ุฃููุ ููุชูุงุชุฉ ูููุณ ุงูู
ุณู
ูุ ูููุณุ ูููุง one
105
00:08:34,220 --> 00:08:39,060
weakness of Mild steel is that it corrodesุ its
106
00:08:39,060 --> 00:08:43,320
surface progressively deteriorates due to a
107
00:08:43,320 --> 00:08:48,520
chemical reactionุ ุฅูุด ูุนูู deterioratesุ
108
00:08:48,520 --> 00:08:54,520
ุงูุขู ุฎูููุง ูููู corrodes ุงููู ูู ุจุชุชุฃููุ ุงูุขู Due to
109
00:08:54,520 --> 00:08:58,660
ratesุ ุชุดูููุง ูู
ุง ุงูุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุช .. ูุนูู ุฎูููุง ููุณ
110
00:08:58,660 --> 00:09:03,680
ุงูููู
ุฉ ูู Due to ratesุ ูู
ุง ุชุตูุฑ ุชุฑูุญ ููุฃุณูุฃ ุดููุฉ
111
00:09:03,680 --> 00:09:08,740
ุดููุฉุ ุจุชุชุดููุ ุชุฏููุฑุ ุจุชุชุฏููุฑุ ูุนูู ูุถุนูุง ุจูุชุฏููุฑ
112
00:09:08,740 --> 00:09:13,880
ุจูููููุง Due to rateุ ููู ุจุชุจูู ูู ุญุงูุฉ ู
ุซููุง ู
ุนููุฉุ ู
113
00:09:13,880 --> 00:09:16,960
ุจูุตูุฑ ูู ู
ุง ูููุง ุดูุก ุชุฑุงุฌุนุ ุจูุณู
ููุง Due to rates
114
00:09:16,960 --> 00:09:24,420
ุงููู ุนูุฏูุ ูุฐู ุงูุงุชูุงู ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู
ูุงุทุน ุจูู ุงูุญุฏูุฏ ูู ุงูุณูุทุฉ
115
00:09:24,420 --> 00:09:31,240
ูุงูููุงุกุ ูู ุงูููุงุกุ ูุชุตู
ูู
ุนุตูุฏุฉุ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ
116
00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:33,020
ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ
117
00:09:33,020 --> 00:09:33,060
ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ
118
00:09:33,060 --> 00:09:38,640
ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ
119
00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:38,660
ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ
120
00:09:38,660 --> 00:09:42,480
ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุน
121
00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:51,460
ูุงู Oxidized ูุงู What ูุงู Corrodes ูู
ูู
122
00:09:51,460 --> 00:09:56,420
ุงูู
ูููู
ูุงุญุฏุ ูู ุจูููููุง ุทุจูุฉ ุตุฏุฃ
123
00:10:00,110 --> 00:10:04,650
ูู ุจุนุถ ุงูู
ุนุงุฏู ู
ุซู ุงูุฃูู
ูููู
ุ ูุง ููุฌุฏ ู
ุดููุฉ ูู
124
00:10:04,650 --> 00:10:09,410
ูุฌูุฏ ุงููุฑุจููุ ูุฃู ู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ุงูุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูู ุญูู ุงูู
ุนุฏู
125
00:10:09,410 --> 00:10:15,870
ุชุจูู ุตุนุจุฉุ ููุฐุง ูู
ูุนูุง ู
ู ุงูุงุชุตุงู ุฃูุซุฑ. ุงูุขู ูู
126
00:10:15,870 --> 00:10:22,490
ุงูุฃูู
ูููู
ุฅูุด ุจูุญุตูุ ู
ุด ุฒู ุตุฏุฃ ุงูุญุฏูุฏ ูุฃู ุงูุตุฏุฃ ูู
127
00:10:22,490 --> 00:10:27,590
ุงูุญุฏูุฏ ุฅูุด ุจูุตูุฑ ูููุ ุจุชุงูู ูุจูุตูุฑ ูุฌุนูู ุฃูู
ููููู
128
00:10:27,590 --> 00:10:31,170
ุจูุนู
ู ุทุจูุฉ ูุจุชุชุตูุจ ุงูุทุจูุฉ hard ูุงู hardness ูุฐู
129
00:10:31,170 --> 00:10:36,790
ุจูุฎููุด ุงููู ุจุนุฏูุง ูุตุฏู ูุจูุตูุฑ ุทุจูุฉ ุนูู ุงูุณุทุญ ู
ุตุฏูุฉ
130
00:10:36,790 --> 00:10:40,890
ูุงูุจุงูู ู
ุง ููุด ููู ู
ุดููุฉ ุฅู ุจุชุชู
ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูุชุขูู
131
00:10:40,890 --> 00:10:46,510
however when mild steel goes rusty the rust on the
132
00:10:46,510 --> 00:10:51,370
surface comes off .. comes off ุฅูุดุ ูุนูู ุฒู ู
ุง
133
00:10:51,370 --> 00:10:58,190
ุชููู ุจุชุฌุดุฑ ุฃู ูุนูู ุจุชุณูุท ูุชุณุงูุท ูุชุณุงูุท ูู ุงูุชูุดูุฑ
134
00:10:58,190 --> 00:11:02,950
continuously and a new rusty layer forms
135
00:11:02,950 --> 00:11:09,030
progressively eating into the metal ูุนูู ุจุชุชู
ุฃูู
136
00:11:09,030 --> 00:11:12,870
ุงูุญุฏูุฏ ุจุชุงูู ุงูุญุฏูุฏ ูุจุชูุงุญุธูุง ุฃูุชู ูู ุนูุฏูู
ูู
137
00:11:12,870 --> 00:11:17,230
ุงูุจูุช ุฃู ุญุงุฌุฉ ูุงุญูุง ูู ุฌู ุบุฒุฉ ุงู rust ูุฐุง ู
ุดููุฉ
138
00:11:17,230 --> 00:11:21,590
ูุจูุฑุฉ ุจุชูุงูู ุดููุฉ ุดููุฉ ูู
ุง ุงูุญุฏูุฏ ูุญุงูู ูุฌุนุจ
139
00:11:21,590 --> 00:11:29,770
ู
ุนูุงุชู ุฅูุดุ ุจุชุงูู ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุทูุจ ุงูุขู decide whether
140
00:11:29,770 --> 00:11:34,030
the sentences below are true or false and correct
141
00:11:34,030 --> 00:11:38,570
the false sentences steel is an alloy of iron and
142
00:11:38,570 --> 00:11:42,930
carbon true
143
00:11:42,930 --> 00:11:47,790
ู
ุธุจูุท ู
ุด ููููุง ุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงููู ูุงุชุช ุงู steel ูู ููุน
144
00:11:47,790 --> 00:11:53,770
ูู alloy ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
145
00:11:53,770 --> 00:11:57,250
ูู
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00:11:57,250 --> 00:11:57,510
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
147
00:11:57,510 --> 00:11:57,690
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
148
00:11:57,690 --> 00:11:57,710
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
149
00:11:57,710 --> 00:11:58,050
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
150
00:11:58,050 --> 00:11:58,510
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
151
00:11:58,510 --> 00:11:59,610
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
152
00:11:59,610 --> 00:12:01,330
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
153
00:12:01,330 --> 00:12:01,730
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
154
00:12:01,730 --> 00:12:03,090
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
155
00:12:03,090 --> 00:12:12,330
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ููููููููู
156
00:12:15,660 --> 00:12:20,340
chromium and nickel are used as alloying metal in
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00:12:20,340 --> 00:12:26,220
steel ู
ุด ููููุง ุนูุฏูุง ุฅูุดุ ูู ูุจุดุฉ alloying
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00:12:26,220 --> 00:12:30,840
materialุ ูุฐุง .. ูุฐุง ููุน ู
ููู
ุ ูููุณุ low alloy
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00:12:30,840 --> 00:12:36,200
steel contain more chromium than ironุ false ูู
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00:12:36,200 --> 00:12:40,560
ุฃุตูุง ูู ุงู steel ููู ู
ุง ููุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู ุฅูุดุ ุงู iron
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00:12:42,360 --> 00:12:47,820
ุงูู stainless steel is an alloy steel true ุงุญูุง
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00:12:47,820 --> 00:12:52,040
ุจูููู ูุฅูุด ูู ุงูู
ุณู
ู ุชุจุนูุง ุจูุฌู ุชุญุช ุงู alloy
163
00:12:52,040 --> 00:12:57,240
alloying steel ุฃู alloy steels tungsten is added
164
00:12:57,240 --> 00:13:03,580
to steel to make it softer false ุฅูุด ุจุชุนู
ู harder
165
00:13:03,580 --> 00:13:09,120
ู
ุด softer high speed steel is suitable for making
166
00:13:09,120 --> 00:13:16,720
cutting tools that get very hot ุงุญูุง
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00:13:16,720 --> 00:13:22,320
ุฅูุด ูููุง ุงููู ุจูุนู
ู ููู true ู
ุธุจูุท ูู tools ููุณ
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00:13:22,320 --> 00:13:27,720
ุงูุดูุก ุฅูุด cutting tools get very hot ูุจุฏู ุฅูุด ุฃูุถู
169
00:13:27,720 --> 00:13:31,240
ุฃููุงุน ุงููู ูู high speed steel ุงููู ูู ููุณ ุงูู
ุณู
ู
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00:13:31,240 --> 00:13:40,590
ูู
ููุ ูู tools steel ููุณ ุงูู
ุณู
ู ุงููู ุจุชูุงุญุธ ููู ุทูุจ
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ุงูุขู complete ุงู table ุงู table ุงููู ููุจูู ููู
ูู
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00:13:44,430 --> 00:13:49,250
ุงูุขู ุนูุฏู ุงู corroded ุงู adjective ุงู noun ุฅูุด ููุ
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00:13:51,810 --> 00:14:00,670
corrosion ู
ุธุจูุท ุงู verbุ corrode ู
ุธุจูุท ุทูุจ ุงู
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00:14:00,670 --> 00:14:02,310
oxidized
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00:14:04,730 --> 00:14:10,890
oxide ู
ุธุจูุท ุงู noun oxide ุตุญ ูู
ุง ูููู ุนูู ู
ุซููุง
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00:14:10,890 --> 00:14:18,670
carbon oxide ุฐุงูุฑููู ููุฐุง ุงู noun oxide ุทูุจ ุงู
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00:14:18,670 --> 00:14:26,410
verb oxidize ุทูุจ ุงู ููุง go rusty ุฅูุด ุงู verb ู
ู
ูู
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00:14:26,410 --> 00:14:36,110
ูููู ูู
ุงู rust ุงู noun rust ุงู adjective rusty ุทุจ
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00:14:36,110 --> 00:14:40,170
ุฎูููุง ูุดูู ููุง ููู ูุนุจููู
when steel is exposed to
180
00:14:40,170 --> 00:14:45,450
air and water it oxidize
181
00:14:45,450 --> 00:14:52,070
ุฅูุด ูู
ุงูุ rust ุฅูุด ูู
ุงูุ corrodes ุงูุชูุงุชุฉ ู
ุฌูุฒุฉ
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00:14:52,070 --> 00:14:57,470
ุงูุชูุงุชุฉ ููุณ ุงูู
ุนูู ูุฐุง ูุนูู ุจุฏู ุงููุนู ุงููู ููุง ู
183
00:14:57,470 --> 00:15:03,810
ุชุญุทูู ES ุฃู S ุทูุจ a brown red material on the
184
00:15:03,810 --> 00:15:10,110
surface of steel is called corrosion ุงูุชูุงุชุฉ rust
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00:15:10,110 --> 00:15:15,190
and oxide ุทูุจ the strength of steel is reduced if
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00:15:15,190 --> 00:15:20,210
it is ูุญุท ุงู adjective ุงูุขูุ ุฅูุด ุงู adjectiveุ
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00:15:20,210 --> 00:15:28,550
ุงูุชูุงุชุฉุ ููู ุชููู oxidized ุฃู rusty ุฃู corroded
188
00:15:31,280 --> 00:15:35,920
ูุฐู ุงูุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ููุง ุทูุจ ููุง complete the article about
189
00:15:35,920 --> 00:15:40,160
a special type of steel the perennial problem with
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00:15:40,160 --> 00:15:44,440
mild .. ุฅูุด
191
00:15:44,440 --> 00:15:50,480
ุงูููู
ุฉุ ุฅูุด ุงู perennial problemุ ุงููู ู
ุฑุช ุนูููู
ุ
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00:15:50,480 --> 00:15:57,060
ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงูุฏุงุฆู
ุฉ ุฃู ุงูุฃุฒููุฉ ูู
ููุ with mild steel
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00:15:57,060 --> 00:16:02,580
ู
ุธุจูุท is ุงุชูุช ุฅูุด when exposed air and water ุฅูุด
194
00:16:02,580 --> 00:16:12,020
ุจุชุตูุฑููุง it rusts or it corrodes or it oxidize ุทูุจ
195
00:16:12,020 --> 00:16:15,920
generally the only solution is either to apply a
196
00:16:15,920 --> 00:16:21,660
protective coating to use or to use another grade
197
00:16:21,660 --> 00:16:26,920
of the steel ุฃููุฉ another grades ุงู grades ูุนูู ูู
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00:16:26,920 --> 00:16:30,400
ูุฐู ุงูุญุงูุฉ ุฅูุด ุจูุญูู ููู ุงู type ุฃู variations
199
00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:35,300
ู
ุธุจูุท ุงุญูุง ุนูุฏูุง ุจุนุถ ุงูุฃููุงุน ุงููู ูู ูู
ูู ูุฐู
200
00:16:35,300 --> 00:16:41,600
ุจุชุดููููุง ุงููู ู
ูู ุณุงูููู ูุฑูุจ ููุจุญุฑ ุจุดูู ู
ุจุงุดุฑ ุฅูุด
201
00:16:41,600 --> 00:16:45,120
ุจุชูุงูู ุนูุฏููุง ูู ุดูุก ุฅูุด ุจูุตูุฑูู ุจุณุฑุนุฉ
202
00:16:46,690 --> 00:16:51,310
ูุจูุฑุฉ ููุงุฒู
ูู ุดูุก ุชุนู
ูููู ูุง ุฃู
ุง ุจุฏู ุชุฏููู ุจุดูู
203
00:16:51,310 --> 00:16:57,090
ุฏุงุฆู
ุฃู ุจุฏู ุชุฌูุจู ุญุฏูุฏ ู
ูููุจ ู
ุธุจูุท ุงูู
ูููุจ ุฅูุด
204
00:16:57,090 --> 00:17:05,430
ุจูุนู
ูู ุจูุญุท ุทุจูุฉ ู
ู ุงู stainless steel ุญูุงููู ุทูุจ
205
00:17:05,430 --> 00:17:11,830
ููุง used ุฅูุด ููููุง another grade of steel that is
206
00:17:11,830 --> 00:17:19,660
resistant to the rusting process ุฃู to corrosion
207
00:17:19,660 --> 00:17:25,820
process ุฃู to oxidize process the most well-known
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00:17:25,820 --> 00:17:30,880
being ุฅูุด steelุ stainless steel ู
ุง ุงุญูุง ููููุง ูุฐุง
209
00:17:30,880 --> 00:17:34,100
ุงูุชูุง ุฎุจุฑุฉ ูููุง stainless steel which contains
210
00:17:34,100 --> 00:17:38,220
significant quantity of ุฅูุดุ and often nickel
211
00:17:38,220 --> 00:17:45,590
chromium ู
ุธุจูุท ุนูุฏูุง ุทุจูุฉ ูุจูุฑุฉ ุจุงูู alloy ุชุจุน ูุฑูู
212
00:17:45,590 --> 00:17:49,690
ูุดููุฉ ูููู there is however an alternative
213
00:17:49,690 --> 00:17:56,610
solution so-called weathering steel weathering
214
00:17:56,610 --> 00:18:00,570
steel ุงู weathering steel ุฅูุด ูุฐุง ุงููู ูู ุงู steel
215
00:18:00,570 --> 00:18:04,970
ุงููู ุจุชุนุงูุฃ ุงููู ูุนูู ุฎููููู ุฃููู ู
ุชุฃููู
ู
ุน ุงูุฌู
216
00:18:04,970 --> 00:18:07,210
ูููุณุ
217
00:18:08,200 --> 00:18:11,920
is a special alloy suitable for outdoor use but
218
00:18:11,920 --> 00:18:14,720
rather than being completely protected from
219
00:18:14,720 --> 00:18:18,540
corrosion the surface of the steel is allowed to
220
00:18:18,540 --> 00:18:26,320
go to go ุฅูุด rusty rusty ููุด ูุฐุง ุฅูุด ุจุชุฎูู ุฅูู
221
00:18:26,320 --> 00:18:31,400
ู
ุณู
ูุญ ุฅู ูุตูุฑ ุทุจูุฉ ู
ู ุงู rust ุจุณ ุฅูุด ุงููู ุจูุนู
ู ุงู
222
00:18:31,400 --> 00:18:37,700
rust ูุฐุง ูุฐู ุงูุทุจูุฉ hard ุจุชุณู
ุญุด ููู ุจุนุฏูุง ุงูุทุจูุงุช
223
00:18:37,700 --> 00:18:43,100
ุงูุฏุงุฎููุฉ ุชุตูุฑููุง ุฃูุณุฏูุง ุซุงูู once a layer of ุฅูุด
224
00:18:43,100 --> 00:18:49,680
has formed on the surface a layer of ุฅูุดุ of rust
225
00:18:49,680 --> 00:18:58,280
ุฃู ุฃูุณูุฏ ุฃู ูุฑูุฌู okay it stabilizes
226
00:18:58,280 --> 00:19:02,580
and forms a hard protective layer ุฅูุด
227
00:19:02,580 --> 00:19:04,300
stabilizableุ
228
00:19:07,650 --> 00:19:15,630
ุฅูุด stable ุจุชุณุชูุฑ .. ูุฏู ุจุชุณุชูุฑ ูุจุชุดูู ุทุจูุฉ hard
229
00:19:15,630 --> 00:19:22,470
ุงููู ูู ุฅูุด ุตูุจุฉ this layer differs from ordinary
230
00:19:22,470 --> 00:19:28,050
iron oxide as it does not continue to eat into the
231
00:19:28,050 --> 00:19:35,170
metal ูุฏู ุจุชุจุทููุงุด ุชุณุชู
ุฑ ุชุงูู ูู ุงู metal ุตูุช ุตูุช
232
00:19:35,170 --> 00:19:42,860
ุตูุช while not everyone may like the rusty look,
233
00:19:43,420 --> 00:19:46,420
weathering steel has been widely used in
234
00:19:46,420 --> 00:19:50,940
architectures, applications and outdoor sculptures
235
00:19:50,940 --> 00:19:57,120
ุฅูุด ูุนูู sculptureุ ุดุงูููู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ูุธุฑ ุงููู ูุฏุงู
ูู
ุ
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00:19:57,120 --> 00:20:04,760
ุงููู ุนูู ุงูุตูุฑุฉุ ุงูุตูุฑุฉุ ุฅูุด ูุฐุงุ ู
ุฌุณู
ุ ู
ุธุจูุทุ ุงู ..
237
00:20:04,760 --> 00:20:11,020
ุงููุฉ ููุฐุง ุงู outdoor sculptures ุงููู ูู ุงูู
ุฌุณู
ุงุช
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00:20:11,020 --> 00:20:14,000
ุงููู ูู ุงูุขุฎุฑ ู
ุนู
ููุฉ ู
ู ุงูุญุฏูุฏ ุจูุณุชุฎุฏู
ููุง ูู ูุฐุง
239
00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:17,700
ุงูุดูู ุงุญูุง ูู ุจูุงุฏูุง ู
ุด ูุซูุฑ ูุฐุง ุจุชุดูููู ุจุณ ุจุจูุงุฏ
240
00:20:17,700 --> 00:20:24,220
ุฃูุฑูุจุง ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุจุดูู ูุซูุฑ ูู ูู ู
ูุงู ูู ุจุชุดูููู ุญุชู
241
00:20:24,220 --> 00:20:26,780
ุงูุดูู ุงูู
ุตุฏูู ูุฐุง ุจุชุดูููู ุทุจูุนู
242
00:20:31,460 --> 00:20:38,000
ุทูุจ ููู ุจูุจูู ุฎูุตูุง chapter twelve ุงูุขู ูู
ูู ู
ู
243
00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:42,260
ุงูุดุบูุงุช ุงููู ุจูุทูุน ุนูููุง ุฃูู ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู steel ุนูุฏูุง
244
00:20:42,260 --> 00:20:47,800
ููุนูู ู
ูู ุตุญ ุนูุฏูุง ุฅูุด carbon steels ูุฅูุด
245
00:20:47,800 --> 00:20:52,080
alloying steels ุงู carbon steel ุนูุฏูุง three grades
246
00:20:52,080 --> 00:21:00,890
ูููู
ุฅูุด ูู
ุง mild ู medium ู high ูุฏูู ุนุงุฏุฉ ูุณุจุฉ ุงู
247
00:21:00,890 --> 00:21:05,610
carbon ูููู
ูุฏ ุฅูุด ู
ูุฎูุถุฉ ู
ู point three percent ูุญุฏ
248
00:21:05,610 --> 00:21:11,110
point one point four ุงูุจุงูู ููู ุฅูุด iron ู
ุง ููุด ุนูุฏู
249
00:21:11,110 --> 00:21:17,490
ุฃู other alloying materials ุจุณ carbon and iron ุงู
250
00:21:17,490 --> 00:21:22,270
alloying steels ุงูุฃููุงุน ุงูุซุงููุฉ ุจุชุฎุชูู ุนู ุงูุฃุฑุจุน
251
00:21:22,270 --> 00:21:25,770
ุงูุด ูู
ุงููููุงุฏ
252
00:21:25,770 --> 00:21:34,550
ุงูุด ู
ู
ูุฒุงุชูุ ูููู ุจุฑุณูุช ุงูุฑู ู ุชูู ุจุฑุณูุช ุงูุดุ ุงููู ู
253
00:21:34,550 --> 00:21:40,630
ูุฐู ุงูุด ุงูุฃููุงุน ุงู alloy ุงููู ุจูุถูููู
ุ ุทูุจ ุงูููุน
254
00:21:40,630 --> 00:21:46,730
ุงูุชุงูู high strength
255
00:21:46,730 --> 00:21:51,570
ุงูุด ูุฐูุ ูุณุจุฉ ุงู alloy ูุฏ ุงูุดุ less than two
256
00:21:51,570 --> 00:21:57,270
percent ุงูุงู ููุน ุงูุชุงูุช ุงููู ูู ุงู stainless steel
257
00:21:57,270 --> 00:22:01,890
ุงู stainless steel ูุฏ ุงูุด ุงูู
ูุฒุฉ ุชุจุนุชูุ ุจูุถูู ุงู
258
00:22:01,890 --> 00:22:06,030
chromium ู ุจูุถูู ุงูุดุ
259
00:22:06,030 --> 00:22:11,290
nickel okay ุงูุงู ุงูููุน ุงูุฑุงุจุน ุงู tools ุงู ุงู high
260
00:22:11,290 --> 00:22:17,150
speed steel ูุฐู ุงููู ุจูุถูู ุงูุด ุนูุฏูุงุ ุงู
261
00:22:17,150 --> 00:22:21,810
cobalt ู ุงู ุงูุดุ ู ุงู tungsten ู
ุธุจูุท ูุฏูู ุงู hard
262
00:22:21,810 --> 00:22:25,210
ุนุดุงู ูู
ุจูุจููุง very hard ู very tough ูุจูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูู
263
00:22:25,210 --> 00:22:30,530
ูู cutting tools ูู
ุง ูู ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงุญุชูุงู
264
00:22:30,530 --> 00:22:34,430
ุจุชุนู
ู ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูุฏูู ุงููู ุจุชุญู
ูู ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุงูุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
265
00:22:34,430 --> 00:22:34,910
ุงูุนุงููุฉ
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