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1
00:00:20,670 --> 00:00:24,850
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ

2
00:00:24,850 --> 00:00:28,630
ุงู„ chapter ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ elements, molecules and

3
00:00:28,630 --> 00:00:34,350
ions ุงู„ุญุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ูƒู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุญูˆู„ ู†ุดุฃุฉ

4
00:00:34,350 --> 00:00:38,490
ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู ู†ุดุฃุช ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉุŸ ูƒูŠู ุนุฑูู†ุง

5
00:00:38,490 --> 00:00:45,260
ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุธุฑุฑElectrons ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ

6
00:00:45,260 --> 00:00:51,320
ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุชูˆู…ุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ู…ูŠู„ูŠูƒุงู†ุฏ

7
00:00:51,320 --> 00:00:57,080
ูˆ ูƒูŠู ุงู‚ุฏุฑู†ุง ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ charge ูˆ ุงู„ mass ู„ู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ูˆ

8
00:00:57,080 --> 00:01:01,820
ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ radio activity ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุฑุงุฏุงุฑููˆุฑุฏ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุง

9
00:01:02,230 --> 00:01:08,690
ุฌุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฐุฑู‘ุฉ ู‡ูŠ

10
00:01:08,690 --> 00:01:12,750
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุงุฉ ุฌุฒุก ุจุณูŠุท ุฌุฏุง ู…ู† ุญุฌู…

11
00:01:12,750 --> 00:01:16,330
ุงู„ุฐุฑู‘ุฉ ุฌุฏุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ radio

12
00:01:16,330 --> 00:01:22,110
activity ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุฅุดุนุงุนูŠ ู„ู„ูŠูˆุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู… ูˆุนุฑูู†ุง ู…ู†

13
00:01:22,110 --> 00:01:26,430
ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุฅุดุนุงุนูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ Beta particles ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ

14
00:01:26,430 --> 00:01:29,450
ุนู† ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุฒ Alpha particles ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

15
00:01:29,690 --> 00:01:33,270
Positively charged species ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ core ู„ู„

16
00:01:33,270 --> 00:01:40,690
helium atom ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ gamma rays ูˆ

17
00:01:40,690 --> 00:01:44,550
ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ gamma rays ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃุดุนุฉ ู„ุง ุฅู„ู‡ุง ูƒุชู„ุฉ

18
00:01:44,550 --> 00:01:52,110
ูˆู„ุง ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุดุญู†ุฉ ูููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ

19
00:01:52,110 --> 00:01:57,070
ู„ู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ู†ูˆุงุก ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฌู…

20
00:01:57,500 --> 00:02:03,940
ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ู…ู†

21
00:02:03,940 --> 00:02:08,840
ุงู„ุณุญุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุฏู„ูŠู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุณู‚ุทู†ุง

22
00:02:08,840 --> 00:02:15,040
ุฃุดุนุฉ Alpha ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุบู„ุจ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ุง ู…ุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„

23
00:02:15,040 --> 00:02:19,900
gold foil ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ูŠู†ุญู†ูŠ ุฃุตู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงุดูŠ ููŠ

24
00:02:19,900 --> 00:02:27,000
ูุฑุงุบ ู„ูƒู†ุชุจูŠู† ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุฌู„ุณู†ุง ุงู„ scattering ุนู†ุฏ ุฒูˆุงูŠุง

25
00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:33,480
ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุชุจูŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุฃุดุนุฉ Alpha Particles ุญุตู„ู‡ุง

26
00:02:33,480 --> 00:02:38,200
deviation ุฃูˆ scattering at large angles ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง

27
00:02:38,200 --> 00:02:44,460
ูƒุงู† ู„ุงุจุฏ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูˆุงุฌู‡ุชุฌุณู… ู…ุดุญูˆู† ุจู†ูุณ ุดุญู†ุชู‡ุง ุงู‚ุชุฑุจุช

28
00:02:44,460 --> 00:02:48,880
ู…ู†ู‡ ุฌุฏุง ุงูˆ ุจุนุถ ุญุชู‰ ุฑุฌุน ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡

29
00:02:48,880 --> 00:02:53,500
ุจุฏู„ูŠู„ ุงู† ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู‚ุชุฑุจ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุณู…

30
00:02:53,500 --> 00:03:00,500
ุงู„ู…ุดุญูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ูˆุนุฑูู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง

31
00:03:00,500 --> 00:03:04,680
ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู† ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู‡ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู‡ูˆ

32
00:03:04,680 --> 00:03:12,410
ูˆุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ุณุญุงุจุฉ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉูƒูˆูŠุณ ุจุนุฏูŠู†

33
00:03:12,410 --> 00:03:16,350
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูƒู„ ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠู‡ identity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„

34
00:03:16,350 --> 00:03:20,070
identity ุงู„ atomic number ูุงู„ carbon ุงู„ atomic

35
00:03:20,070 --> 00:03:23,990
number ู„ู‡ ุณุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู†ุฒ ุจุงู„ู†ุฌูŠุด two

36
00:03:23,990 --> 00:03:27,790
elements ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู†ุฒ ููƒู„

37
00:03:27,790 --> 00:03:32,390
element ููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู†ุฒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ

38
00:03:32,390 --> 00:03:37,530
ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ

39
00:03:37,530 --> 00:03:45,310
ุทุจุนุงุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุฐุฑุชู‡ ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู‚ุฏ ุชุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€

40
00:03:45,310 --> 00:03:50,170
neutrons ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุฌุนู„ู†ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู†ุธุงุฆุฑ ุจูŠุฌุนู„ู†ุง

41
00:03:50,170 --> 00:03:55,950
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู†ุธุงุฆุฑ ูู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุงุฆุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ atomic

42
00:03:55,950 --> 00:04:00,290
weight ุงู„ atomic weight ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ isotope

43
00:04:00,290 --> 00:04:05,170
mass ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ fractional isotope abundance ูŠุนู†ูŠ

44
00:04:05,170 --> 00:04:06,930
ุงู„ isotope mass

45
00:04:18,590 --> 00:04:24,830
ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ two forms ุงูˆ ูƒุฑุจูˆู† 12 ูˆ

46
00:04:24,830 --> 00:04:32,710
ูƒุฑุจูˆู† 13 ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† 12 ุงู„ relativeabundance 98.93%

47
00:04:32,710 --> 00:04:38,010
ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† 13 1.07% ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ atomic weight

48
00:04:38,010 --> 00:04:43,390
ู„ู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ isotope mass ูƒุฑุจูˆู† 12

49
00:04:43,390 --> 00:04:47,390
ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ isotope mass ูƒุฑุจูˆู† 13 ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู† ุงู„ atomic

50
00:04:47,390 --> 00:04:50,690
weight ู„ู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† 12 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ isotope

51
00:04:50,690 --> 00:04:55,890
mass ู„ู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† 12 ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ relative abundance 98

52
00:04:55,890 --> 00:05:03,530
.93%ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€isotope mass ู„ู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† 13 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

53
00:05:03,530 --> 00:05:10,590
13.00335 ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ relative abundance 0.0107

54
00:05:10,590 --> 00:05:19,410
ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง 12.01 ุงู„ุฃู† ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„

55
00:05:19,410 --> 00:05:25,590
..ุงู„ู…ุงุณ ู„ู€ 1 ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู† ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‡ 1.0073 ุฃุชู…ูƒ ู…ุงุณ

56
00:05:25,590 --> 00:05:31,450
ูŠูˆู†ูŠุช ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุณ ู„ 1 ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆู† 1.0087 ุฃุชู…ูƒ ู…ุงุณ

57
00:05:31,450 --> 00:05:37,350
ูŠูˆู†ูŠุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Chlor-35 ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ

58
00:05:37,350 --> 00:05:43,370
ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุชู…ูƒ ู…ุงุณ ู„ู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 35ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡

59
00:05:43,370 --> 00:05:49,270
ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ 17 ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู† ูˆ 18 ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ

60
00:05:49,270 --> 00:05:55,910
ุงู„ atomic mass ู„ู„chlorine 35 ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† 34.969

61
00:05:55,910 --> 00:06:01,230
atomic mass unit ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„chlor 37 ุงู„ atomic mass

62
00:06:01,230 --> 00:06:07,490
36.966 ู…ุด ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 37 ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 37 ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ

63
00:06:07,490 --> 00:06:09,730
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง 17

64
00:06:12,310 --> 00:06:17,970
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู†ุฒ ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆู†ุฒ 19 ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆู†ุฒ ุทูŠุจุŒ ุฃูŠุด

65
00:06:17,970 --> 00:06:26,190
ุงู„ุณุจุจุŸ ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ .. ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ isotope mass ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ

66
00:06:26,190 --> 00:06:29,770
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู†ุฒ ูˆุงู„ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆู†ุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†

67
00:06:29,770 --> 00:06:33,550
ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† binding energy ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡

68
00:06:33,550 --> 00:06:39,130
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ binding energy ู†ุชุทู„ุน ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„

69
00:06:39,130 --> 00:06:45,900
atomic weightู„ู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑูŠู† ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู„ูˆุฑูŠู† 35 ูˆ

70
00:06:45,900 --> 00:06:51,840
37 ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑูŠู† 35 ุงู„ relative abundance 75.78% ุจูŠู†ู…ุง

71
00:06:51,840 --> 00:06:57,280
ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑูŠู† 37 ุงู„ relative abundance 24.22% ู„ูƒู† ุงู„

72
00:06:57,280 --> 00:07:07,120
atomic mass ู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ 35 ู‡ูˆ 34.969ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ 37 ุงู„ู€

73
00:07:07,120 --> 00:07:12,360
atomic mass ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† 36.966 ุงู„ atomic weight

74
00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:15,960
ู„ู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ isotope mass ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„

75
00:07:15,960 --> 00:07:19,240
relative abundance ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ isotopes ูุงู„ atomic

76
00:07:19,240 --> 00:07:25,470
weight ู„ู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† 34.969 ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ 0.7578ุฒุงุฆุฏ

77
00:07:25,470 --> 00:07:30,130
36.966 ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ 0.2422 ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ relative abundance

78
00:07:30,130 --> 00:07:36,470
ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง 35.45 ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ 3 ุฅูŠุฒูˆุชูˆุจุณ ููŠ

79
00:07:36,470 --> 00:07:42,850
ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู† 28 92.23% relative abundance

80
00:07:42,850 --> 00:07:50,780
atomic mass 27.97693 ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 28ุงู„ู€

81
00:07:50,780 --> 00:08:01,160
Silicon 29 4.68% ุงู„ู€ atomic mass 28.97649 ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†

82
00:08:01,160 --> 00:08:06,580
29 ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ู€ Silicon 30 relative abundance 3.09%

83
00:08:06,580 --> 00:08:11,840
ูˆ ุงู„ atomic mass ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 30 29.97377 atomic mass

84
00:08:11,840 --> 00:08:16,740
unit ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ atomic weight ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน

85
00:08:18,050 --> 00:08:22,090
ุงู„ู€ isotope mass ู„ูƒู„ isotope ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠู‡ relative

86
00:08:22,090 --> 00:08:30,630
abundance 47.97693 ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ 0.9223 plus 28.97649

87
00:08:30,630 --> 00:08:37,890
ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ 0.0468 plus 29.97377 ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ 0.0309

88
00:08:37,890 --> 00:08:44,310
ุชุนุทูŠู†ุงุงู„ู€ average atomic weight ู„ู„ู€ silicon 28.09

89
00:08:44,310 --> 00:08:49,450
ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

90
00:08:49,450 --> 00:08:54,650
ุชุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠุงู…

91
00:08:54,650 --> 00:09:04,380
ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุงู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠุงู… ููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ atomic mass unit52

92
00:09:04,380 --> 00:09:09,220
.94 Atomic mass unit ุงุญู†ุง ุนู…ูˆู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ atomic

93
00:09:09,220 --> 00:09:13,400
mass ู„ุฐุฑุฉ one point six six ูุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ

94
00:09:13,400 --> 00:09:18,220
ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฌุฑุงู… ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง .. ุฃุฌุฏุงุด ูˆุฒู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ

95
00:09:18,220 --> 00:09:24,820
one point ุงู„ mass ู„ุฐุฑุฉ one point six six ูุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ

96
00:09:24,820 --> 00:09:27,680
ุณุงู„ุจ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฌุฑุงู… ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฑู‚ู… ุตุนุจ

97
00:09:27,680 --> 00:09:32,280
ุงู†ู‡ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุนู„ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ .. ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ

98
00:09:32,280 --> 00:09:37,380
oneAtomic Mass Unit ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†

99
00:09:37,380 --> 00:09:43,600
ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† 12 ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง 12 Mass Unit ูŠุนู†ูŠ

100
00:09:43,600 --> 00:09:50,180
12 ุฏุงุชูˆู† ุงูˆ 12 Atomic Mass Unit ู Atomic Mass Unit

101
00:09:50,180 --> 00:09:54,140
ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ mass ุนู„ุดุงู† ู…ุง ู†ุชู…ู†ุงุด

102
00:09:54,140 --> 00:09:59,180
ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุนุดุฑ ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุงู„ุจ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุฌุฏูŠุด ูุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ

103
00:09:59,180 --> 00:10:03,180
ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠุง ููŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ issue ููŠ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุนุถ

104
00:10:05,520 --> 00:10:12,680
ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุนุถ ุฏุฑู‘ุชู‡ 52.94 AMU ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ atomic

105
00:10:12,680 --> 00:10:18,640
weight ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠุง 51.99 AMU ููƒูŠู ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† 52

106
00:10:18,640 --> 00:10:26,370
ู†ุธูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุถุงูŠู‚ 52.94 AMU ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ atomic weight51

107
00:10:26,370 --> 00:10:30,870
.99% ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฌุฏุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุธูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ูƒู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ

108
00:10:30,870 --> 00:10:36,230
ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุนู„ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุงู†ุนูƒุณุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ุงูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„

109
00:10:36,230 --> 00:10:40,690
atomic weight ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†

110
00:10:40,690 --> 00:10:46,210
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† 13 ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† 13 ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ

111
00:10:46,210 --> 00:10:50,190
ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ู„ูƒู† ุฌุฏุงุด ูƒู…ูŠุชู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ atomic weight

112
00:10:50,190 --> 00:10:54,470
ู„ู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ูƒู„ู‡ 12 ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูุตุญ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ

113
00:10:54,470 --> 00:10:59,420
ู†ุธูŠุฑุงู„ู€ atomic mass ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงุชุจุนู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠ ู„ูƒู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ููŠ

114
00:10:59,420 --> 00:11:06,040
ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจูŠุนูˆุถ ุงูˆ ุจูŠูู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุด

115
00:11:06,040 --> 00:11:11,020
ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ atomic weight ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู†ุณุจูŠุง ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ atomic

116
00:11:11,020 --> 00:11:14,860
weight ูƒูŠู ุจู†ู‚ูŠุณู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุง ูƒูŠู ุจู†ู‚ูŠุณู‡ ุฌุงู„ุจ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…

117
00:11:14,860 --> 00:11:20,380
ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง mass spectrometer ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุทูŠุงุฑ

118
00:11:20,380 --> 00:11:26,840
ูƒุชู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠุณ ุงู„ atomic weightูˆ ุจูŠุฌูŠุฒ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„

119
00:11:26,840 --> 00:11:30,000
molecular weights ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆ

120
00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:36,560
ุฃุจุงุฑุน ุนู† ุดูƒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ูู‚ุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ ุดูƒู„ ู…ู†

121
00:11:36,560 --> 00:11:44,500
ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ atomic weight

122
00:11:44,500 --> 00:11:47,300
determination ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ mass spectrometer ุงู„ mass

123
00:11:47,300 --> 00:11:52,200
spectrometer ููŠู‡ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ mass

124
00:11:52,200 --> 00:11:57,320
spectrometers ูุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŸุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุฌุณุฉ

125
00:11:57,320 --> 00:12:01,880
ู„ู„ู€ atomic weight ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุชุฃูŠูŠู† ุจุชุชุฃูŠู† ููŠ

126
00:12:01,880 --> 00:12:06,100
ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง accelerator ู‡ุฐุง ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุณุงู„ุจ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†ู‡

127
00:12:06,100 --> 00:12:11,000
ูุงู„ุงูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจู‚ุงุด ุชุชุณูˆูŠ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู…ุดุช

128
00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:15,400
ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจู…ุง ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ุดุญูˆู†ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ cathode rays ุจุงู„ุธุจุท

129
00:12:15,400 --> 00:12:19,460
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุจู…ุง ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ุดุญูˆู†ุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ

130
00:12:19,460 --> 00:12:23,340
ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ field ุฑุงุญ ุชุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ ูŠุญุตู„

131
00:12:23,340 --> 00:12:27,680
interaction ู…ุนุงู‡ูุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู†ู‡ ุญุณุจ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ magnetic

132
00:12:27,680 --> 00:12:32,600
field ูู‚ุท M over Z ุงูˆ mass ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฏูŠ ูˆ

133
00:12:32,600 --> 00:12:35,840
ุจุชูˆุตู„ ุงู„ detector ูˆ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู‡ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฑูˆุญ

134
00:12:35,840 --> 00:12:38,520
ู‡ุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฌูŠ ู‡ุงู† ูˆ ูŠุฎุจุท ู‡ุงู† ู„ูƒู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†

135
00:12:38,520 --> 00:12:43,080
ูŠู…ุดูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ magnetic field ุชู…ุงู…ุง ูˆ ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ ูˆ

136
00:12:43,080 --> 00:12:48,660
ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ detector ู‚ุงู„ ุจุณ mass unit ุงูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ atomic

137
00:12:48,660 --> 00:12:52,170
weight ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุด ุงูƒุชุฑูู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ atomic weights

138
00:12:52,170 --> 00:12:55,550
ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงูƒู„ูˆุฑ ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ peak

139
00:12:55,550 --> 00:13:00,390
ู„ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ 37 ูˆ peak ู„ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ 35 ุงู„ peak ู„ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ 35

140
00:13:00,390 --> 00:13:04,770
ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ ุฌุฏูŠุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ peak ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ

141
00:13:04,770 --> 00:13:10,630
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูƒุชุฑุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 75% ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 25% ูู‡ุฐุง

142
00:13:10,630 --> 00:13:14,390
ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุด ุจุณ ุจุฃุญุณุจ ุงู„ atomic weights ูˆ ู„ุฃ

143
00:13:14,390 --> 00:13:17,750
ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ relative abundance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ

144
00:13:17,750 --> 00:13:25,110
ุฌุฏุงุด ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„chlor ู…ุซู„ุง 37 ูˆchlor 35 ูู‡ุฐุง

145
00:13:25,110 --> 00:13:30,810
ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุจูŠุญุณุจ ู„ูŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุฃุญุณุจ ุฌุฏุงุด ุงู„

146
00:13:30,810 --> 00:13:35,930
atomic weights ู„ู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑู…ุฏุงู… ุญุณุจู†ุง ุงู„ atomic weights

147
00:13:35,930 --> 00:13:40,690
ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงุตู„ุง ุงู„ atomic numbers ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู†ุง ุงุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰

148
00:13:40,690 --> 00:13:45,630
ุงูˆ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุงุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููˆุฌุฏูˆุง

149
00:13:45,630 --> 00:13:51,690
ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุชุชุฑุชุจ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ ู†ูƒุชุดู

150
00:13:51,690 --> 00:13:56,870
ุงู†ู‡ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงูŠู‡ ุดู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงุฐุง

151
00:13:56,870 --> 00:14:00,990
ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุชุฑุชุจ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจูƒุชุดู ุงู„ุชุดุงุจู‡ ูู„ุงุฌูŠุช ุงู†ู‡

152
00:14:00,990 --> 00:14:07,630
ู„ูˆ ุงุดูŠู†ุง ุงุทู„ุนู†ุงุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุงุญุฏุงุด ูˆ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ

153
00:14:07,630 --> 00:14:12,510
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ูŠุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญุฏุงุด ุตูˆุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ

154
00:14:12,510 --> 00:14:17,510
Potassium ู…ุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ

155
00:14:17,510 --> 00:14:22,250
ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงุฌูŠู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงุญู†ุง

156
00:14:22,250 --> 00:14:30,610
ู…ุซู„ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงูŠุด

157
00:14:30,610 --> 00:14:37,610
ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉูู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูˆูƒูŠู

158
00:14:37,610 --> 00:14:41,970
ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุฑุชูŠุจู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„

159
00:14:41,970 --> 00:14:44,990
ู†ุนู…ู„ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู…ุด ู‡ุงู„ุฌูŠุช ู‡ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุฏุฑูˆุฏ ููŠ

160
00:14:44,990 --> 00:14:49,050
chapter ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุงู„ุฌูŠุช ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ููƒุฑุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ูุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠู‡

161
00:14:49,050 --> 00:14:52,990
ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฑุชุจ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู†

162
00:14:52,990 --> 00:14:58,670
ููŠ ูˆุฌู‡ ุชุดุงุจู‡ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงุชุฑุชุจุช ุจุดูƒู„

163
00:14:58,670 --> 00:15:05,930
ู…ุง ูู„ุงุญุธู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉุงุญุฏุงุด ุชุณุนุชุงุด ู‡ุฏูˆู„

164
00:15:05,930 --> 00:15:12,750
ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุงุช ู„ุงุญุธู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด ุบุฒุงู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ

165
00:15:12,750 --> 00:15:19,030
ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุงุช ูˆ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุชู†ุงุด

166
00:15:19,030 --> 00:15:23,310
ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุงุช ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูุจุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ

167
00:15:23,310 --> 00:15:28,510
ูŠููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠูˆุตู„ูˆุง

168
00:15:28,510 --> 00:15:34,020
ู„ุฎุตุงุฆุตู‡ุง ุจุฃู‚ู„ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู†ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ุฎุตุงุฆุตู‡ุง ุจุฃู‚ู„

169
00:15:34,020 --> 00:15:39,520
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ููู† .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ุขู†

170
00:15:39,520 --> 00:15:45,280
ุงุฐุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุญุท ู„ู‡ atomic weight ุทู„ุนู†ุงู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ mass

171
00:15:45,280 --> 00:15:49,380
spectrometer ุทู„ุนู†ุงู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ mass spectrometer ุนู…ู„ูŠุง

172
00:15:49,380 --> 00:15:53,360
ุญุณุจู†ุงู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ .. ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ

173
00:15:53,360 --> 00:15:57,420
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุญุณุจู†ุงู‡ุง ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ potassium ุงูŠุด ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุงุŸ

174
00:15:57,420 --> 00:16:03,300
ุฑู…ุฒู‡ atomic symbol ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡

175
00:16:03,300 --> 00:16:07,820
ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ atomic number ุจู†ุญุทู‡ ููˆู‚ ูŠุจู‚ู‰

176
00:16:07,820 --> 00:16:11,340
ุงู„ atomic number 19 ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ atomic number ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

177
00:16:11,340 --> 00:16:15,540
ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ protons ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุนุฏุฏ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุนุฏุฏ

178
00:16:15,540 --> 00:16:21,290
ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ุด ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุจุณุงูˆุฉ ู†ุชุฐูƒุฑ ู‡ุฐุง

179
00:16:21,290 --> 00:16:25,290
ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠุฎุชู…ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูŠู…ุฑ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ู„ูŠุดุŸ

180
00:16:25,290 --> 00:16:27,750
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฌูŠุจ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู†ุงุช ุฌุฏุงุดุŸ ุนุฏุฏ

181
00:16:27,750 --> 00:16:32,470
ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุฌุฏุงุดุŸ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ mass number

182
00:16:32,470 --> 00:16:37,330
ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุฃุฌุฏุฑู†ุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…

183
00:16:37,330 --> 00:16:41,710
ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุฃุฌุฏุฑู†ุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„

184
00:16:41,710 --> 00:16:46,090
ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุดุบู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฎุงู„ุต ูˆุทุนุจู†ุง

185
00:16:46,090 --> 00:16:50,890
ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„

186
00:16:50,890 --> 00:16:55,510
chapter ุชูุตูŠู„ู‡ ู‡ูŠุฌูŠู†ุง chapter ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„

187
00:16:55,510 --> 00:17:00,090
ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ูˆุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูˆุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุจุชุบูŠุฑ

188
00:17:00,090 --> 00:17:03,070
ู…ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุงู„ gate

189
00:17:03,070 --> 00:17:06,790
ู‡ู†ู‚ุจู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ

190
00:17:06,790 --> 00:17:10,550
ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†

191
00:17:10,860 --> 00:17:15,020
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง groups

192
00:17:15,020 --> 00:17:19,900
.. ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ

193
00:17:19,900 --> 00:17:25,840
periods ุงูˆ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุฏูˆุฑุงุช .. ุญู„ูˆ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุนู†ุง

194
00:17:25,840 --> 00:17:29,860
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑู‡ุง ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง

195
00:17:29,860 --> 00:17:34,880
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงูˆู„ู†ุง ู†ุฑุชุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงุชุฑูŠุญ ููŠ

196
00:17:34,880 --> 00:17:44,220
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ..ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู„ุนู„ุงุตุฑ ูู‡ุฐุง

197
00:17:44,220 --> 00:17:51,540
ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ูุตู„

198
00:17:51,540 --> 00:17:59,380
ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฌุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„

199
00:17:59,380 --> 00:18:06,400
kalimitas ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุตู‡ุง ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง

200
00:18:06,400 --> 00:18:07,300
ุงู„ kalimitas

201
00:18:12,640 --> 00:18:18,320
ุจุฑุถู‡ metals alkaline air ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู‡ู… ู…ู†

202
00:18:18,320 --> 00:18:21,240
ุงู„ main group elements ู‡ุจู‚ูˆู„ main group elements

203
00:18:21,240 --> 00:18:29,920
ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูƒู„ู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุจุฑุถู‡

204
00:18:29,920 --> 00:18:33,700
main group elements main group elements ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง

205
00:18:33,700 --> 00:18:37,600
ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ main group elements ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ

206
00:18:37,600 --> 00:18:43,190
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ูƒุงู…ุฉุงู„ุฌุฑู…ูŠู†ูŠ ุฌุฑูˆุจ elements

207
00:18:43,190 --> 00:18:50,790
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงูˆู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง alkaline metals ุชุงู†ูŠ

208
00:18:50,790 --> 00:18:54,850
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง alkaline earth metals ู„ู‡ ุฌูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุฎุฑ

209
00:18:54,850 --> 00:18:58,870
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู†ุงุช

210
00:18:58,870 --> 00:19:01,950
ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุนุชู‡ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู†ุงุช

211
00:19:01,950 --> 00:19:05,910
ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู†ุงุช

212
00:19:05,910 --> 00:19:10,130
ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู†ุงุชููŠ

213
00:19:10,130 --> 00:19:15,690
ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ ุฒุงุฏ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆููŠ

214
00:19:15,690 --> 00:19:19,110
ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู†ุตุงุฑ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู†ุตุงุฑ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง

215
00:19:19,110 --> 00:19:22,590
ุงู„ุฃู†ุตุงุฑ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู†ุตุงุฑ ูƒู…ุงู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู†ุงุตุฑ

216
00:19:22,590 --> 00:19:25,070
ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง inner transition elements

217
00:19:25,070 --> 00:19:28,350
ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ transition inner transition elements ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…

218
00:19:28,350 --> 00:19:32,150
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูŠุฒ ูˆุงู„ุงูƒุชู†ุงูŠุฒ ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ

219
00:19:32,150 --> 00:19:37,890
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุตู„ ู‡ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑู„ูƒู† .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ..

220
00:19:37,890 --> 00:19:43,330
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชูˆูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุชุณู…ูŠุงุช

221
00:19:43,330 --> 00:19:47,730
ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ designations ู„ู„ groups ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠู‡ุง

222
00:19:47,730 --> 00:19:53,090
ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ one ุงูŠู‡ุŸ

223
00:19:53,090 --> 00:19:56,430
two ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฐุง main group ุจุจุฏูˆ

224
00:19:56,430 --> 00:19:59,110
ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ main group ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุฎู…ุณุฉ

225
00:19:59,110 --> 00:20:02,670
ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุณุจุนุฉ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง

226
00:20:02,670 --> 00:20:07,880
designation ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุงู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจูŠ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู…

227
00:20:07,880 --> 00:20:13,140
ู…ุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงุฑุจุน ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจูŠ ุณุชุฉ ุจูŠ

228
00:20:13,140 --> 00:20:19,400
ุณุจุนุฉ ุจูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฎู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠ one ุจูŠ two ุจูŠ ู‡ุฐุง

229
00:20:19,400 --> 00:20:24,400
ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู„ู‡ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง

230
00:20:24,400 --> 00:20:31,200
ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชูˆุตูŠู ุฃูˆ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ

231
00:20:31,200 --> 00:20:34,360
ูˆุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ groups ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุธุงู…

232
00:20:34,360 --> 00:20:38,260
ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง

233
00:20:38,260 --> 00:20:43,880
ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ุงุฌูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ one a ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ

234
00:20:43,880 --> 00:20:49,370
ุจุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงู† I aูˆุงู„ุง ุชู†ุชูŠู† IA ูˆ ู„ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ IA ูˆ ู„ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ

235
00:20:49,370 --> 00:20:55,570
IA ูˆ ู„ุง V ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุดุญุทุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฎู…ุณุฉ V

236
00:20:55,570 --> 00:20:58,030
ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุงูˆ ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑู‡ุง ูู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุงุฌุฆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… .. ุงู‡

237
00:20:58,030 --> 00:21:00,870
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุงุฌุฆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุงููŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง

238
00:21:00,870 --> 00:21:06,890
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ IUPAC ุงู„ international

239
00:21:06,890 --> 00:21:11,240
union for appliedand pure chemistry pure and

240
00:21:11,240 --> 00:21:17,700
applied chemistry ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุน

241
00:21:17,700 --> 00:21:21,460
ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฌุงู„ ุจุญุจ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ

242
00:21:21,460 --> 00:21:23,840
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู†

243
00:21:23,840 --> 00:21:23,960
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู†

244
00:21:23,960 --> 00:21:24,480
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู†

245
00:21:24,480 --> 00:21:37,300
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุช

246
00:21:37,380 --> 00:21:43,220
ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจู†ุทุญู†ูƒ 3 4 5 6 7 8 A ุงู‡ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

247
00:21:43,220 --> 00:21:49,540
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ 3 4 5 6 7 8 B 1 B 2 B ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ

248
00:21:49,540 --> 00:21:54,460
ุงุญู†ุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุตู„ ูƒู„ู‡ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงุฐุง

249
00:21:54,460 --> 00:21:57,840
ู‡ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงูŠ ู†ุธุงู… ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุตุญ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ

250
00:21:57,840 --> 00:22:01,220
ู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุจุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู†ุธุงู… ู…ุนูŠู† ุนู„ุดุงู†

251
00:22:01,220 --> 00:22:03,980
ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุชุจุน ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู„ุนู„ุงุณุฑ

252
00:22:09,910 --> 00:22:14,110
ุจูŠู† .. ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ู†ู‡ุงู†ุŒ ุชุทู„ุน

253
00:22:14,110 --> 00:22:17,790
ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ูƒู„ู‡ ู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุงู† ูƒู„ู‡ ู„ูˆู†

254
00:22:17,790 --> 00:22:23,560
ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง .. ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง metalsู…ุนุงุฏู†

255
00:22:23,560 --> 00:22:29,220
ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุณุญุจ ูˆุงู„ุทุฑู‚, malleable,

256
00:22:29,360 --> 00:22:33,540
ductile ู…ูˆุตู„ ู„ู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ, thermally conductive,

257
00:22:33,700 --> 00:22:38,360
electrically conductive ู„ุง stress ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุจุฑูŠู‚

258
00:22:38,360 --> 00:22:42,680
ูุฅู„ู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎุตุงุฆุต ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ

259
00:22:42,680 --> 00:22:45,600
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎุตุงุฆุต ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ

260
00:22:45,600 --> 00:22:50,820
ุฌุฏุง ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎุท ู…ุชุนุฏุด ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูุฒู„

261
00:22:50,820 --> 00:22:56,620
ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุŸุจูŠูุตู„ ุงู„ metals ุนู† ุงู„ non-metals ุงู„ non

262
00:22:56,620 --> 00:23:00,700
-metals ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุถุฑุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง non-metals ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุถุฑุฉ

263
00:23:00,700 --> 00:23:06,280
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠุจ ู„ูˆู† ุบุฑูŠุจ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

264
00:23:06,280 --> 00:23:10,580
metalloids ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุจูŠู† ุงู„ metals ูˆ ุงู„ non

265
00:23:10,580 --> 00:23:14,960
-metals ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุฃุบู„ุจ ุตู†ุงุนุงุช

266
00:23:14,960 --> 00:23:20,950
ุฃุดุจุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตู„ุงุช ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑูููŠ

267
00:23:20,950 --> 00:23:23,910
ุนู†ุฏูŠ metals ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

268
00:23:23,910 --> 00:23:28,750
metals ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุดูˆูŠุฉ non-metals ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูŠู‡ุŸ

269
00:23:28,750 --> 00:23:35,610
Metalloids ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงู…ู„ุฉ

270
00:23:35,610 --> 00:23:38,010
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุญุจุด ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฎุงู…ู„ุฉ ุฒู…ุงู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง

271
00:23:38,010 --> 00:23:42,170
ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฎุงู…ู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด ุฎุงู…ู„ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงูƒุชุดููˆุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู† ููŠ

272
00:23:42,170 --> 00:23:46,810
ุฅู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุชุญุช ุธุฑูˆู ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูู‡ูŠ ู…ุด ุฎุงู…ู„ุฉ

273
00:23:46,810 --> 00:23:50,820
ุฎุงู…ู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุจุชุธู„ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุงู‡ูŠุงุดูŠ very reactiveู…ุด ู…ุง

274
00:23:50,820 --> 00:23:54,080
ู‡ูŠุด very reactive ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุจ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง noble gases

275
00:23:54,080 --> 00:24:03,280
ู…ุด inert gases ุทูŠุจ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงุฑุฌุน ู†ู‡ุงุฑ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ

276
00:24:03,280 --> 00:24:08,180
ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ

277
00:24:08,180 --> 00:24:10,300
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ุง ุจุณ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

278
00:24:10,300 --> 00:24:13,280
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠู„ูŠูˆู‡ูŠุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ูŠู„ ู…ุงููƒุด ุนู†ู‡ู… ูƒุชูŠุฑ

279
00:24:13,280 --> 00:24:17,080
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ

280
00:24:18,290 --> 00:24:23,090
ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ุช ุนุดุฑ ุนู†ุตุฑ

281
00:24:23,090 --> 00:24:27,230
ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชู…ุงู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ .. ุชู…ุงู†ุช ุนุดุฑ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ

282
00:24:27,230 --> 00:24:32,490
ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุท ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู…ุงู†ุช ุนุดุฑ ุนู†ุตุฑ

283
00:24:32,490 --> 00:24:38,290
ูˆุงุฑุจุนุชุงุด ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡

284
00:24:38,290 --> 00:24:42,670
ุชู…ุงู†ุช ุนุดุฑ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู„ูƒู†

285
00:24:42,670 --> 00:24:48,650
ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด .. ููŠุด ุฃุณุงู…ุฉ ุนู†ุงุตุฑู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡

286
00:24:48,650 --> 00:24:52,670
ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุง ุงูƒุชุดููˆู‡ู…ุด ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุง ุงูƒุชุดููˆู‡ู…ุด ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุจุนุถู‡ู…

287
00:24:52,670 --> 00:24:56,130
ู…ูƒุชุดู ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ

288
00:24:56,130 --> 00:24:59,630
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู„ุณู‡ ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู„ูƒู†

289
00:24:59,630 --> 00:25:02,010
ููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู„ูŠุด ููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ

290
00:25:02,010 --> 00:25:05,550
ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู„ุณู‡ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ู… ุจุนุฏ ู…ุด ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฃู…ุง

291
00:25:05,550 --> 00:25:10,950
ุงู† ููŠ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุชู… ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„

292
00:25:10,950 --> 00:25:14,950
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…

293
00:25:21,990 --> 00:25:25,470
ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุฃู„ู… ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุฅู†ู‡

294
00:25:25,470 --> 00:25:29,170
ุงู„ูƒููƒ ูˆ ุงู„ silver ูˆ ุงู„ gold ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ

295
00:25:29,170 --> 00:25:34,930
ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุงุชุŒ ูˆุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุงุช ุจุณ

296
00:25:34,930 --> 00:25:39,390
ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุดูŠุฑู‡ุง ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ุง

297
00:25:39,390 --> 00:25:43,170
metals ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุงู„ metals reactive ุฃูˆ very

298
00:25:43,170 --> 00:25:47,170
reactiveุŒ ู„ุง ุงู„ reactive ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุชุชูุงูˆุชูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„

299
00:25:47,170 --> 00:25:51,210
reactivity ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ู†ุณุจูŠุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง

300
00:25:51,210 --> 00:25:55,530
ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ metal coins ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุฉ

301
00:25:55,530 --> 00:26:00,810
ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุงุจู†ูŠุด ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู

302
00:26:00,810 --> 00:26:03,490
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ period .. ูƒูŠู ู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ period

303
00:26:03,490 --> 00:26:06,730
table ูƒูŠู ู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ period table ูƒูŠู ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„

304
00:26:06,730 --> 00:26:10,410
period table ุตุญ ูˆูƒูŠู ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุตุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู†ุง

305
00:26:10,410 --> 00:26:16,260
ู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ูุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ุŸ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ู†ุทู„ุน ู…ุซู„ุงุจู‚ูˆู„

306
00:26:16,260 --> 00:26:20,820
which two of these elements would you expect to

307
00:26:20,820 --> 00:26:24,040
show the greatest similarity in chemical and

308
00:26:24,040 --> 00:26:28,320
physical propertiesุŸ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุฃู†ุตุฑูŠู†

309
00:26:28,760 --> 00:26:33,360
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฎุตุงุฆุตู‡ู… ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

310
00:26:33,360 --> 00:26:37,280
ุฎุตุงุฆุตู‡ุง ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ุงูŠุด ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ

311
00:26:37,280 --> 00:26:40,740
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ู†ุทู„ุน

312
00:26:40,740 --> 00:26:44,420
ุงู„ boron ุงู„ calcium ุงู„ fluor ุงู„ helium ุงู„

313
00:26:44,420 --> 00:26:48,500
magnesium ุงู„ููˆุณููˆุฑ ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุณ ุงู„

314
00:26:48,500 --> 00:26:51,320
magnesium ูˆ ุงู„ calcium ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ููŠ ู†ูุณ

315
00:26:51,320 --> 00:26:55,860
ุงู„ .. ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ู… ุงู„ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„

316
00:26:55,860 --> 00:27:01,750
fluorุงู„ู€ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ูŠุฌู† ู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุงู„ boron ู‡ูŠ ุงู„

317
00:27:01,750 --> 00:27:04,130
boron ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุงุฌูŠู† ู…ุด

318
00:27:04,130 --> 00:27:08,470
ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุนู„ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ู…ุจุฏุฆูŠุฉ

319
00:27:08,470 --> 00:27:13,230
ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุจุงุนุฑู ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ

320
00:27:13,230 --> 00:27:21,150
ููŠ ุฎุตุงุฆุตู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจุฏูŠ

321
00:27:21,150 --> 00:27:24,290
ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ molecules ูˆ ุงู„ molecular

322
00:27:24,290 --> 00:27:30,010
compounds ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ุงู„ู€ molecules ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู†

323
00:27:30,010 --> 00:27:34,330
ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

324
00:27:34,330 --> 00:27:38,770
elements ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ูƒู† molecular elements ุงูˆ ุงู†ู‡

325
00:27:38,770 --> 00:27:42,110
ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงุด

326
00:27:42,110 --> 00:27:45,890
ุจุชูƒูˆู† molecules ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ Campounds ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ุฒ

327
00:27:45,890 --> 00:27:52,530
ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ Campounds ุงุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ุฒ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ

328
00:27:54,880 --> 00:27:58,960
Elements ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ูˆ ู‚ุฏ

329
00:27:58,960 --> 00:28:03,100
ุชูƒูˆู† Compounds ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ

330
00:28:03,100 --> 00:28:09,920
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ูู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู„ูˆ ุฅุฌูŠู†ุง ู„ู„ู€ Oxygen ุงู„ Oxygen ูŠุง

331
00:28:09,920 --> 00:28:14,160
ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† bi-atomic molecule ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐุฑุชูŠู†

332
00:28:14,160 --> 00:28:18,680
ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุจุชุญู„ูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู† ุงู„ O2 ุตุญูŠุญ ูู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ

333
00:28:18,680 --> 00:28:23,480
ุนู† Element ูˆู„ุง Compound Element ู„ูƒู†ู‡ Molecule ุชู…ุงู…

334
00:28:23,880 --> 00:28:32,120
ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ molecules ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„

335
00:28:32,120 --> 00:28:37,780
elements ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุบู„ุจู‡ุง ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ูŠู…ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ

336
00:28:37,780 --> 00:28:41,420
ูู…ุซู„ุง ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ H2 ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฏู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ H

337
00:28:41,420 --> 00:28:45,320
ู‡ุฏู‰ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู…ูŠู† ู†ุญุทู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ H2 ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฏู‰ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ

338
00:28:45,320 --> 00:28:49,200
ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ุฃู†ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„

339
00:28:49,200 --> 00:28:53,620
oxygen ุงู„ nitrogen ุงู„ูู„ูˆุฑูŠู†ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุจุฑูˆู…ูŠู†

340
00:28:53,620 --> 00:28:57,100
ูˆุงู„ุงูŠูˆุฏูŠู„ ูƒู„ ู‡ูˆุงูŠู† ุจุชูˆุฌุน ููŠ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุฃู‚ุตู‰

341
00:28:57,100 --> 00:29:04,800
ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† molecular

342
00:29:04,800 --> 00:29:09,740
elementsุŒ molecular elements ูู‡ูŠู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„

343
00:29:09,740 --> 00:29:14,620
H ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุจุนุชูŠ ูู‚ุทุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู†ูŠ

344
00:29:14,620 --> 00:29:15,780
molecular elements

345
00:29:18,150 --> 00:29:22,430
ุงู„ู€ Oxygen ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€

346
00:29:22,430 --> 00:29:28,890
Ozone ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ุน ุนู†ู‡ ุจุฏู„ O2 O3 ุจุฏู„ O2 O3

347
00:29:30,960 --> 00:29:34,480
ู‡ูˆ Oxygen ูˆ Element ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Element

348
00:29:34,480 --> 00:29:40,060
ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู„ ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู„ Oxygen ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ

349
00:29:40,060 --> 00:29:44,280
ู…ุน ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู„ OzoneุŸ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃุจุฏุง ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู„ Ozone ุชุฎุชู„ู

350
00:29:44,280 --> 00:29:47,280
ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุนู† ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู„ Oxygen ุงู„ Oxygen ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ู„ู„ุญูŠุงุฉ

351
00:29:47,280 --> 00:29:55,430
ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ Ozone ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุณุงู…ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุชู… ุงุณุชู†ุดุงูƒู‡

352
00:29:55,430 --> 00:29:59,510
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู„ุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุณุงู… ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุทู‡ุฑู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏ

353
00:29:59,510 --> 00:30:03,810
ุจุฑุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฃูˆุฒูˆู† ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงูŠู‡

354
00:30:03,810 --> 00:30:07,930
ุชุทู‡ูŠุฑ ู„ู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ organisms ุงู„ู„ูŠ

355
00:30:07,930 --> 00:30:11,330
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุงู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ

356
00:30:11,330 --> 00:30:16,250
ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุชู… ุงุณุชู†ุดุงู‚ู‡ ุฑูŠุญุชู‡ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุณุงู…

357
00:30:16,250 --> 00:30:21,230
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุชู… ุงุณุชู†ุดุงู‚ู‡ ูู‡ูˆ ุณุงู… ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฅู†ู‡

358
00:30:21,230 --> 00:30:26,390
ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุฏุฉ ุตูˆุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ elemental ุฃูˆ ุงู„

359
00:30:26,390 --> 00:30:31,190
elemental molecules ุฃูˆ ุงู„ molecular elements ุนุฏุฉ

360
00:30:31,190 --> 00:30:35,810
ุตูˆุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง O2 ูˆ O3 ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุตูˆุฑุชูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุฏุฉ

361
00:30:35,810 --> 00:30:43,020
ุตูˆุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑุนุฏุฉ ุตูˆุฑ ู…ู† ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุจู‚ูˆู„

362
00:30:43,020 --> 00:30:47,520
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Allotropes ุจุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ

363
00:30:47,520 --> 00:30:53,400
Allotropes ูŠุนู†ูŠ Allotropic forms ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู†

364
00:30:53,400 --> 00:30:55,460
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ

365
00:31:03,120 --> 00:31:06,100
ุงู„ู€ Molecular Compounds ุจุฏูŠู‡ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ

366
00:31:06,100 --> 00:31:09,700
ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุชุŒ ุจุฏูŠู‡ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†

367
00:31:09,700 --> 00:31:14,860
ู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุชุŒ ูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠู‚

368
00:31:14,860 --> 00:31:18,600
ุจูŠู† ุญุงุฌุชูŠู†ุŒ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ุง MolecularุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ู‡ูˆุงุด

369
00:31:18,600 --> 00:31:23,660
Ionicู…ุงู‡ูˆุงุด Ionic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุณุชุจุนุฏ ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ Ionic

370
00:31:23,660 --> 00:31:26,560
Compounds ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฃู†ุง Molecular

371
00:31:26,560 --> 00:31:30,300
ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ุฑ ู…ุงู‡ูŠุงุด Ionic ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ููŠ ุฃุบู„ุจ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู†

372
00:31:30,300 --> 00:31:34,820
ุงู„ molecular compose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ

373
00:31:34,820 --> 00:31:39,140
ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช

374
00:31:39,140 --> 00:31:44,960
ุจุชุญุตู„ ุจูŠู† ุฐุฑุงุช ุชู‚ุน ููŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸููŠ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ูŠู…ูŠู† .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ

375
00:31:44,960 --> 00:31:49,760
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† non-metals ู…ุน non-metals non-metals ู…ุน

376
00:31:49,760 --> 00:31:55,800
non-metals ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ

377
00:31:55,800 --> 00:32:05,050
CL2O3 ู…ุซู„ุง non-metal ู…ุน non-metal SF4ุณุงู„ูุฑ ุชุชุฑุง

378
00:32:05,050 --> 00:32:09,950
ูู„ูˆุฑุงูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠุจูˆุณ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจุงู†ุฒ ุจุชูˆุฌุน

379
00:32:09,950 --> 00:32:14,390
ูˆูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ููŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุดุฐูˆุฐ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

380
00:32:14,390 --> 00:32:18,230
ู‡ูˆ ุจุณ ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุงู‡ ุจู†ุณุญุจ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡

381
00:32:18,230 --> 00:32:22,470
ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ nonmetal ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ nonmetal ู…ุงู‡ูˆุงุด

382
00:32:22,470 --> 00:32:29,990
metal ูู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ CH4

383
00:32:29,990 --> 00:32:36,190
CH4 ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠุซูŠู†ุฒุฑู‘ุฉ ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุชุฑุชุจุท ู…ุนู‡ุง

384
00:32:36,190 --> 00:32:42,630
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ H ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ ุฌุฒูŠุฆูŠ ู…ุด ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ ุฃูŠูˆู†ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุฅูŠุด

385
00:32:42,630 --> 00:32:45,570
ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจุงุช ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ

386
00:32:45,570 --> 00:32:50,030
ุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆูŠุฉ non-metals ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุฃูˆ

387
00:32:50,030 --> 00:32:53,890
non-metal ู…ุน ุงู„ู€H ุชุญุฏูŠุฏู‹ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู†

388
00:32:53,890 --> 00:32:59,010
ุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจุงุช ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ non-metal ู…ุน ู…ุชู„ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุจุนุฏ

389
00:32:59,010 --> 00:33:01,830
ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู non-metal ู…ุน ู…ุชู„ ูุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†

390
00:33:01,830 --> 00:33:03,190
ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ molecular

391
00:33:08,940 --> 00:33:12,520
ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูƒูŠูˆู„ุฒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† elements ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†

392
00:33:12,520 --> 00:33:16,340
compound ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† H2 ู‡ุฐุง element O2 element

393
00:33:16,340 --> 00:33:21,160
ูƒุงุฑุจูˆู† ู…ูˆู†ูˆูƒุณุงูŠุช compound ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐุฑุชูŠู†

394
00:33:21,160 --> 00:33:25,360
ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุจูŠุฑูˆูƒุณุงูŠุช compound ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุนูŠู†

395
00:33:25,360 --> 00:33:32,020
ู…ุซู„ ูƒู…ุจุงูˆุช ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ุงุฑ ูƒู…ุจุงูˆุช ุฅูŠุซุงู„ูŠู† ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ุงุฑ

396
00:33:32,020 --> 00:33:37,970
ูƒู…ุจุงูˆุชูƒู„ุงู… ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุณูŠุท ุทูŠุจ ู…ุฏุงู… ุงุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„

397
00:33:37,970 --> 00:33:42,270
molecular compounds ูˆ ุงู„ molecules ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ

398
00:33:42,270 --> 00:33:48,830
ุนู†ุฏู‰ molecular formula ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ empirical formula

399
00:33:48,830 --> 00:33:54,490
ุงู„ molecular formula ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ formula ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ

400
00:33:54,490 --> 00:34:01,300
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุนุฏุฏ

401
00:34:01,300 --> 00:34:05,820
ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู„ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุณููƒุฑ

402
00:34:05,820 --> 00:34:12,980
C6H12O6 ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† molecular formula molecular

403
00:34:12,980 --> 00:34:16,160
formula ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุชู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒู…

404
00:34:16,160 --> 00:34:23,260
ุฐุฑุฉ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ 6 ูƒุฑุจูˆู† 12H6O molecular formula ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฒูŠ

405
00:34:23,260 --> 00:34:27,800
ุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ H2O ู‡ุฐู‡ molecular formula

406
00:34:31,440 --> 00:34:36,900
ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† C6H6 ู…ุซู„ุง

407
00:34:36,900 --> 00:34:44,180
ุทูˆู„ูˆูŠู† C7H8

408
00:34:44,180 --> 00:34:48,160
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ

409
00:34:48,160 --> 00:34:54,460
ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู‡ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุตูŠุบุฉ ุฅูŠุด

410
00:34:54,460 --> 00:35:00,010
ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุตูŠุบุฉ ุฌุฒูŠุฆูŠุฉุงู„ุฃู…ุจูŠุฑูƒุงู„ ููˆุฑู…ูˆู„ู‡ ู‚ุงู„ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ

411
00:35:00,010 --> 00:35:08,460
ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู‚ุตูˆู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏู…ุนูŠู†

412
00:35:08,460 --> 00:35:12,740
ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู†ู‡ ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุตูŠุบุฉ ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุตูŠุบุฉ ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡

413
00:35:12,740 --> 00:35:18,740
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ C6 H12 O6 ุจุดูˆู ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…

414
00:35:18,740 --> 00:35:23,320
ุฌุงู„ุณ ุณุชุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงูƒุณุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ

415
00:35:23,320 --> 00:35:30,760
CH2O ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง

416
00:35:30,760 --> 00:35:35,920
ู…ู‡ุชู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู…ู‡ุชู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ

417
00:35:35,920 --> 00:35:39,340
ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃุนูŠู† ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆูŠุฉ

418
00:35:39,340 --> 00:35:43,340
ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ

419
00:35:43,340 --> 00:35:47,660
ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุทู„ุน ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆูŠุฉ ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†

420
00:35:47,660 --> 00:35:51,840
ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆูŠุฉุŸ ุฃู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ H2O

421
00:35:51,840 --> 00:35:56,020
ุทุจุนุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุณุจ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุจุณุทู‡ุง ู„ู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉุŸ ููŠุด

422
00:35:56,020 --> 00:36:05,460
ู‚ุณู…ุฉู„ูƒู† ู…ุซู„ุง H2O2 ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุตูŠุบุฉ ุฌุฒุงุฆูŠุฉ ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด

423
00:36:05,460 --> 00:36:09,840
ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ empiricalุŸ ุจู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูู‡ูˆ

424
00:36:09,840 --> 00:36:17,280
HO ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ

425
00:36:18,540 --> 00:36:23,420
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ smallest

426
00:36:23,420 --> 00:36:25,920
possible whole number ratio

427
00:36:33,660 --> 00:36:37,660
ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅุญู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ molecular formula

428
00:36:37,660 --> 00:36:41,360
ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ูˆุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ู„ู„ empirical formula ุจู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰

429
00:36:41,360 --> 00:36:47,260
ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู…ุนูŠู† ูุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ

430
00:36:47,260 --> 00:36:49,940
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ empirical formula ู‡ู„ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูˆุตู„ ู„ู„ุตูŠุบุฉ

431
00:36:49,940 --> 00:36:54,460
ุงู„ุฏุฒุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ุฃ ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ุฅู„ุง

432
00:36:54,460 --> 00:36:58,820
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ุจุณ ุทูŠุจ

433
00:37:03,970 --> 00:37:08,250
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู‡ุชู…ูŠู† ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ empirical

434
00:37:08,250 --> 00:37:13,630
formula ุฌุงู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุญู„ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุง

435
00:37:13,630 --> 00:37:19,610
ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ

436
00:37:19,610 --> 00:37:22,570
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุจุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฑู ู…ุซู„ุง

437
00:37:22,570 --> 00:37:27,630
ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ

438
00:37:27,630 --> 00:37:32,810
ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู† ุงุฐุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู‡ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†

439
00:37:32,810 --> 00:37:37,250
ู„ู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ู„ู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง

440
00:37:37,250 --> 00:37:40,850
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุงู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงุฎุฏ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ููŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู†

441
00:37:40,850 --> 00:37:44,470
ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุญุตู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ empirical

442
00:37:44,470 --> 00:37:48,650
formula ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุดูˆู ุงูŠุด ููŠ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงุถุงููŠุฉ

443
00:37:48,650 --> 00:37:52,810
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ูŠ ุงุฌู…ุนู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุงุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู„ู„ุตูŠุบุฉ

444
00:37:52,810 --> 00:37:59,410
ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆูŠุฉ ูุงู†ุง ู…ู‡ุชู… ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุจุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ

445
00:37:59,410 --> 00:38:04,180
ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠwrite empirical formulas for

446
00:38:04,180 --> 00:38:08,660
glucose ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ glucose ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡

447
00:38:08,660 --> 00:38:13,700
ุงูŠุด ุงู„ empirical formula ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุชู‡ุงุดูŠ .. CH2O

448
00:38:13,700 --> 00:38:18,420
ุฎู„ุงุต ุทูŠุจ ู†ูŠุชุฑุงุณ ุงูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฏ N2O ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ู…

449
00:38:18,420 --> 00:38:26,160
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ ุฃุตู„ุง ุทูŠุจ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ุงููŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ

450
00:38:26,160 --> 00:38:30,460
ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุงู„ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุฑูู†ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง

451
00:38:30,460 --> 00:38:34,880
ุตูŠุบุฉ ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุตูŠุบุฉ ุฌุฒุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนุฑูู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู… ูˆ

452
00:38:34,880 --> 00:38:38,940
ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุทูŠุจ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก

453
00:38:38,940 --> 00:38:43,180
picturing molecules ู†ุทู„ุน

454
00:38:43,180 --> 00:38:48,500
ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ molecular formula

455
00:38:48,500 --> 00:38:56,350
ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฌุฏุงุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ู†ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†

456
00:38:56,350 --> 00:39:03,590
ุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ Oxygen C6 H12 O6 ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูƒู†

457
00:39:03,590 --> 00:39:08,090
ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠุด ูˆูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€H ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ ูˆูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€Carbon

458
00:39:08,090 --> 00:39:11,210
ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ ูˆูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€O ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉุŒ ุฅุฐู‹ุง ุงู„ molecular

459
00:39:11,210 --> 00:39:14,670
formula ุจุชุนุทู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑุŒ ุจุณ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู‡

460
00:39:14,670 --> 00:39:18,590
ุฃู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ูู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌุฏ ูˆู†ูˆุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌุฏุŒ

461
00:39:18,590 --> 00:39:23,190
ุจุณููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌุฏ ูˆุงู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ู‡ุงู„ุฌุฏ ุจุณ

462
00:39:23,190 --> 00:39:28,570
ุฌุฏุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุฌุฏุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ C6 H12

463
00:39:28,570 --> 00:39:35,170
O6 ูู‚ุท ู„ูƒู† ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠุด ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุจุท ูˆูŠู† ูƒู„ ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ

464
00:39:35,170 --> 00:39:45,440
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉุงู„ู€ Structural Formula ุจุชูุฑุฌูŠู†ูŠ

465
00:39:45,440 --> 00:39:49,300
ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฐู‡

466
00:39:49,300 --> 00:39:52,660
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Molecular Formula CH4ุŒ ุทุจ ูˆุงุด ุนุงุฑู ุงูŠู‡

467
00:39:52,660 --> 00:39:58,940
ุงู„ู€ H ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ ููŠ HุŸ ู…ุซู„ุงุŒ ุจุฃุณุชุฏู„ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุฑุงุจุท

468
00:39:58,940 --> 00:40:02,690
ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€

469
00:40:02,690 --> 00:40:05,390
Structural Formula ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุฃู‡ ุงู„ C ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ H ูˆ

470
00:40:05,390 --> 00:40:08,050
ุงู„ C ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ H ูˆ ุงู„ C ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ H ูˆ ุงู„ C

471
00:40:08,050 --> 00:40:11,050
ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ H ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ Structural Formula

472
00:40:11,050 --> 00:40:15,750
ูุงุฑุฌูŠู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ

473
00:40:15,750 --> 00:40:19,530
ูƒูˆู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ูƒูŠู ุงุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ Structural

474
00:40:19,530 --> 00:40:26,490
Formula ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู‡ุง ุนุฏุฉ ุตูŠุบ ู„ู‡ุง ุนุฏุฉ ุตูŠุบ ู‚ุงู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู†

475
00:40:26,490 --> 00:40:30,530
ุงู„ุตูŠุบ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุณู…ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ Perspective

476
00:40:30,530 --> 00:40:35,520
Drawingperspective drawing ุงูŠุด perspective drawing

477
00:40:35,520 --> 00:40:44,020
ุฌุงู„ ุจุฑุณู… ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ูˆ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุจุท ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุน

478
00:40:44,020 --> 00:40:49,460
ุงู„ุณุจูˆุฑุฉ ุฎุท ุนุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูˆุฑุง ุงู„ุณุจูˆุฑุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ three

479
00:40:49,460 --> 00:40:53,560
dimensional structure ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูˆุฑุง ุงู„ุณุจูˆุฑุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

480
00:40:53,560 --> 00:40:59,740
ุงูŠู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู†ู‚ุงุท ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุชู‚ุทุน ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฌุฏุงู…

481
00:40:59,740 --> 00:41:04,310
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุทุงู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุจูˆุฑุฉู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ twitch ุฒู‰

482
00:41:04,310 --> 00:41:09,690
ูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง ุฏู‰ ุจุชู†ุทู„ุน ุจุฑุง ูŠุนู†ู‰ ูู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุญุตู„

483
00:41:09,690 --> 00:41:16,490
ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ูุฑุงุบู‰ ุซู„ุงุซู‰ ุดูƒู„ ูุฑุงุบู‰ ุซู„ุงุซู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡

484
00:41:16,490 --> 00:41:20,950
perspective drawing ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุตูŠุงุบ ุงู„ู„ู‰

485
00:41:20,950 --> 00:41:25,810
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงูƒุชุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุงูˆ ุงุชุตูˆุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ structural formula

486
00:41:25,810 --> 00:41:32,130
ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ุงุฎุฑุงุณู…ู‡ ball and stick ูุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุจุนุจู‘ุฑ

487
00:41:32,130 --> 00:41:37,190
ุนู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง balls ูƒุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ sticks ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

488
00:41:37,190 --> 00:41:42,290
ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุจุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุญู„ูˆ ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„

489
00:41:42,290 --> 00:41:46,030
exact angles ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ

490
00:41:46,030 --> 00:41:49,410
ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง

491
00:41:49,410 --> 00:41:54,330
ุญู„ูˆ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ ุฃูˆ ุตูŠุบุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุฑุณู…

492
00:41:54,330 --> 00:41:58,160
ููŠู‡ุงุงู„ู€ Structural Formula ุจูŠุญุชุฌ ู„ู€ Space Filling

493
00:41:58,160 --> 00:42:08,540
Model ุจุฃุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ูƒู„ ุฐุฑู‘ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฌู… ูู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู„ู‡

494
00:42:08,540 --> 00:42:15,500
ุญุฌู… ูˆ ู„ูˆู† ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ู„ู‡ ุญุฌู… ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบูŠ ู„ู‡

495
00:42:15,500 --> 00:42:21,240
ูุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูƒูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูุถู„ู„ูƒู†

496
00:42:21,240 --> 00:42:24,680
ู…ุงูƒู†ุชุด ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุญุณุจู‡ู… ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ู‡ุงู„

497
00:42:24,680 --> 00:42:27,840
ุตุนุจุฉ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูุฑุญ .. ุฃู‡ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุดูƒู„ู‡

498
00:42:27,840 --> 00:42:32,340
ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑุญ ุญู„ูˆ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ู„ุฃ ู‡ุงู„ ุฃูุถู„

499
00:42:32,340 --> 00:42:37,160
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุตูŠุบ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†

500
00:42:37,160 --> 00:42:42,940
ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุนุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ู†ุฑุณู… ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ structural formula ุจูŠู†ู…ุง

501
00:42:42,940 --> 00:42:46,360
ุงู„ู…ูˆูŠุบุฑ formula ุจุชุนุทู„ูŠุด ุฃูŠ ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู† ูƒูŠู ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡

502
00:42:46,360 --> 00:42:54,960
ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุจุชุฑุชู…ุช ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุจุจุนุถุทูŠุจ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุฃูŠุถุง ูˆ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง

503
00:42:54,960 --> 00:42:59,500
ูƒู„ุงู…ู†ุง ู…ู† ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช

504
00:42:59,500 --> 00:43:05,000
ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุนุงุฏุฉ

505
00:43:05,000 --> 00:43:14,520
.. ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช .. ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ุชุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ูƒู‡ุฑุจูŠุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช

506
00:43:14,520 --> 00:43:18,400
ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠ ุดุฎู…ุงุช ู…ุชุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ูƒู‡ุฑุจูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช

507
00:43:18,400 --> 00:43:21,900
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ูู‚ุฏุช ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุฃูˆ

508
00:43:21,900 --> 00:43:25,900
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงูƒุชุณุจุช ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช

509
00:43:25,900 --> 00:43:31,960
ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช

510
00:43:31,960 --> 00:43:33,600
ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช

511
00:43:33,600 --> 00:43:39,280
ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช

512
00:43:39,280 --> 00:43:43,110
ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุชูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูƒุงุชุงูŠูˆู† ูˆุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†

513
00:43:43,110 --> 00:43:50,650
ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู†ุงูŠูˆู† ูู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ููŠู‡ุง 11

514
00:43:50,650 --> 00:43:57,550
ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ุทุจุนุง ูƒู…ุงู† 11 ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู†ุŒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡

515
00:43:57,550 --> 00:44:02,230
ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ 11 ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุขู† ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…

516
00:44:02,230 --> 00:44:08,170
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูู‚ุฏ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุณ ุนุดุฑุฉุนุดุฑุฉ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช

517
00:44:08,170 --> 00:44:12,010
ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ .. ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุงุฎุฏ

518
00:44:12,010 --> 00:44:16,370
ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูู‚ุฑุฉ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุตุฏูŠู… ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ

519
00:44:16,370 --> 00:44:24,930
ููŠู‡ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ 11 ุฅุญู†ุง

520
00:44:24,930 --> 00:44:28,010
ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุฎุงู„ุต ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ .. ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ

521
00:44:28,010 --> 00:44:31,490
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠุŸ

522
00:44:31,490 --> 00:44:36,110
ุฌุงู„ ุชูู‚ุฏ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุฌุงู„ ุนุดุงู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ูู‚ุฏุช

523
00:44:36,110 --> 00:44:43,040
ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุชุจุชุงุฎุฏ .. ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ ู„ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ

524
00:44:43,040 --> 00:44:48,660
ู„ู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ู„ุฉ .. ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ู„ุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ

525
00:44:48,660 --> 00:44:52,660
ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ ูู‡ุงู† ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰

526
00:44:52,660 --> 00:44:56,920
ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุจู„ู‡ุง ู†ูˆุจู„ ุฌุงุณ ููˆุฑุง ุจุชูู‚ุฏ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡

527
00:44:56,920 --> 00:45:00,620
ุงู„ metals ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุชูู‚ุฏ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ

528
00:45:00,620 --> 00:45:03,860
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุจุชูู‚ุฏ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช

529
00:45:05,380 --> 00:45:09,680
ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู†ูŠูˆู† ู„ูˆ ูู‚ุท ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆุช ู„ูˆ ูู‚ุท ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ

530
00:45:09,680 --> 00:45:14,220
ู†ูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ู„ูˆ ูู‚ุท ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุฑุบู† ุงู„ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู…

531
00:45:14,220 --> 00:45:18,160
ู„ูˆ ูู‚ุท ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุฑุบู† ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ูŠุฏ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„

532
00:45:18,160 --> 00:45:24,120
floor ู„ูˆ ุจุชุณู…ุช ุงู„ ุงูƒู„ูˆู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงูŠู‡ ู†ูŠูˆู† ุงู„ ุงูƒู„ูˆู† ู„ูˆ

533
00:45:24,120 --> 00:45:28,920
ุจุชุณู…ุช ุงู„ ุงูƒู„ูˆู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงูŠู‡ ุงุฑุบู† ุงุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุณุจ

534
00:45:28,920 --> 00:45:32,970
ุงู„ูˆุถุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุฑูŠุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑูŠ ุจูŠูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

535
00:45:32,970 --> 00:45:36,630
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจูŠูƒุณุจ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฏุดููˆุช ุจูŠูู‚ุฏ ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ููŠ

536
00:45:36,630 --> 00:45:40,070
ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฌุงุฒ ูƒุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ูˆุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ูƒู†ุง

537
00:45:40,070 --> 00:45:45,950
ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู„ูŠูˆู… ุฌูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ู„ู„ูŠุชูŠูˆู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูุฑู‚ ุจุณ ุงุจุฑุงุฏุฑ

538
00:45:45,950 --> 00:45:49,950
ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆู† ุฌูŠู†ุง

539
00:45:49,950 --> 00:45:53,050
ู„ู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… 11 ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…

540
00:45:53,050 --> 00:45:58,310
ูู‚ุท ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูˆุตู„ ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆู† ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ floor 9ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆู†

541
00:45:58,310 --> 00:46:01,810
ุฌู†ุจู‡ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ floor ุงูƒุชุณุจ electron ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ

542
00:46:01,810 --> 00:46:05,870
ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู‡

543
00:46:05,870 --> 00:46:10,690
ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุนู„ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡

544
00:46:10,690 --> 00:46:18,670
ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ metals positively charged ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุชุงูŠูˆุฒ

545
00:46:18,670 --> 00:46:24,690
ุงู„ non-metals ุนุงุฏุฉ negatively charged ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู†ูŠูˆุฒ

546
00:46:25,450 --> 00:46:31,030
ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ ionic compounds ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„

547
00:46:31,030 --> 00:46:36,450
cations ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฌุงู†ุจู‡ุง anions ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ

548
00:46:36,450 --> 00:46:42,130
.. ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชุฑุงุจุท ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ attraction ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฐุฑุงุช

549
00:46:42,130 --> 00:46:46,570
ุงูˆ ุงูŠูˆู†ุงุช ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูˆ ุฌุงู†ุจู‡ุง ุงูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุณุงู„ุจ ุงูŠุด ุจุญุตู„ุŸ ุงู‡

550
00:46:46,570 --> 00:46:53,020
ุชุฑุงุจุท ุชุฌุงุฐุจ ูููˆุฑุง ุจุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ionic compoundsุทุจุนุงู‹

551
00:46:53,020 --> 00:46:55,600
ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠุฌูŠู†ุง

552
00:46:55,600 --> 00:46:59,140
chapter ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ chemical bonding ู„ูƒู†

553
00:46:59,140 --> 00:47:02,700
ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ุญุฌู…

554
00:47:02,700 --> 00:47:08,860
ุจุตุบุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู…ุด ู‡ุฌูŠู‡ ูููŠู‡ 11 ุจุฑูˆุชู„ ูˆ 11 ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†

555
00:47:08,860 --> 00:47:13,100
ู„ุฅู† ู„ู…ุง ุชูู‚ุฏ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ 10 ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง

556
00:47:13,100 --> 00:47:17,240
ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุณุงุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ุงูŠุถุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ูƒุชุณุจ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†

557
00:47:17,240 --> 00:47:24,660
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† .. ู…ู…ูƒู†ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุฌูŠู†ุง ู„ู„ุฌุฏูˆู„

558
00:47:24,660 --> 00:47:28,020
ู‡ุฐุง ุญู„ูˆ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุตุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ

559
00:47:28,020 --> 00:47:30,360
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ

560
00:47:30,360 --> 00:47:34,280
ุงู„ุงู„ูˆู†ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฏุงูŠู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„

561
00:47:34,280 --> 00:47:39,780
ุงู„ night ride ุงู„ up side ุงู„ floor ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฒูŠ ..

562
00:47:39,780 --> 00:47:42,760
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ representative

563
00:47:42,760 --> 00:47:46,720
elements ู‡ุฐู‡ elements ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ุจุชุบูŠุฑุด ูˆ ุจุชุจุฏู„

564
00:47:46,720 --> 00:47:51,020
ูƒุชูŠุฑุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูู‡ู† ุงู„ ionic compounds ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„

565
00:47:51,020 --> 00:47:54,100
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุดุญู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ

566
00:47:54,100 --> 00:47:57,260
ุฏุงุฆู…ุงุŒ ู‡ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ nitrogen ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุณุงู„ุจุŒ

567
00:47:57,260 --> 00:48:01,000
ุงู„aluminum ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุชูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„

568
00:48:01,000 --> 00:48:04,040
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌุจ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„

569
00:48:04,040 --> 00:48:07,760
ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุฒูŠ ุงุณู…ู†ุงุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†

570
00:48:07,760 --> 00:48:12,640
ู‡ูˆ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ ุฃุณุงุณ

571
00:48:12,640 --> 00:48:15,660
ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุณุงุณ ูุงู‡ู…ู†ุง ู„ู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ

572
00:48:19,870 --> 00:48:25,550
ุทุจ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ give the

573
00:48:25,550 --> 00:48:30,110
chemical symbol including superscript indicating

574
00:48:30,110 --> 00:48:36,530
mass number for the ion with 22 protons 26

575
00:48:36,530 --> 00:48:42,310
neutrons and 19 electrons ุจุฏูƒ ุชู„ุงุญุธ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงูŠุด

576
00:48:42,310 --> 00:48:47,350
ุงู„ atomic number ู„ู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ atomic number22

577
00:48:47,350 --> 00:48:50,450
ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู† 22 ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู„ุงุช ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ atomic

578
00:48:50,450 --> 00:48:58,490
number ุทุจ ุงู„ atomic mass 26 ูˆ 48 ุตุญูŠุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…

579
00:48:58,490 --> 00:49:02,370
ู„ุญุธุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุดุญู†ุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐุง

580
00:49:02,370 --> 00:49:10,170
ุฃูƒู…ู„ ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ 22 ุฃูƒู…ู„ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ูุนู„ูŠู‡ 3 ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ูˆ

581
00:49:10,170 --> 00:49:13,430
ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„

582
00:49:13,430 --> 00:49:20,000
ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุจูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ22 ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู… 22 ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู†

583
00:49:20,000 --> 00:49:23,820
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู… ุงุฐุง ุงู„ answer ู‡ุฐุง ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู… ูˆู…ูˆุฌุจ

584
00:49:23,820 --> 00:49:30,740
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช

585
00:49:30,740 --> 00:49:34,520
ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู†ุงุช ุจุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ูˆุฌุฏ ุนุฏุฏ

586
00:49:34,520 --> 00:49:39,120
ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู†ุงุช ูˆ ู„ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ู„ุฃูŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ู„ุงุฒู…

587
00:49:39,120 --> 00:49:42,440
ูˆุนู†ุง ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ุฎุงู„ุต ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุณู

588
00:49:42,440 --> 00:49:48,070
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ููŠ ุนู†ุงูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑู†ุงุด ู†ูุฑุฌูŠูƒู… ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ

589
00:49:48,070 --> 00:49:51,350
ุทุจ

590
00:49:51,350 --> 00:49:55,530
ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ the ion of sulfur that has 16 neutrons

591
00:49:55,530 --> 00:50:00,030
and 18 electrons ุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ ุฌู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ ุจู‡ุฌู‡ุงู† ุจู‚ูˆู„

592
00:50:00,030 --> 00:50:08,050
ุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ ุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ ู‡ุฏุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒู…ู„ ุฑูˆุชู† ููŠู‡ 16

593
00:50:08,050 --> 00:50:11,290
ุงู„ atomic number ุชุจู‚ู‰ 16 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ atomic mass ุฌุฏูŠุด

594
00:50:11,290 --> 00:50:18,560
ู‡ูˆ ุฌู„ูŠู‡ุณุจุช ุนุดุฑ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆู† ูˆู…ุง ุฌุงู„ูŠุด ุฃูƒู… ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู† ูุณุช

595
00:50:18,560 --> 00:50:22,400
ุนุดุฑ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆู† ุณุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู† ุฌุงู„ูŠุด ุชุงู†ู‡ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†

596
00:50:22,400 --> 00:50:27,320
ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุฌุงู„ูŠุด ุงู„ุดุญู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงูƒู…

597
00:50:27,320 --> 00:50:34,640
ูู†ุฑุฌุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุฌุงู„ูŠ ุฌุงู„ูŠ ุชู…ุงู†ุช ุนุดุฑ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ุงู‡ ุฌุงู„ูŠ

598
00:50:34,640 --> 00:50:36,860
ุชู…ุงู†ุช ุนุดุฑ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡

599
00:50:52,320 --> 00:51:01,300
ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุณูŠุท ูˆ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุชุณู„ู‚

600
00:51:01,300 --> 00:51:07,760
ู†ู‚ูˆู„ how many protonsุงู„ู…ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆู† ูˆุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰

601
00:51:07,760 --> 00:51:15,240
ุงูŠูˆู† ุณูŠู„ูŠู…ูŠูˆู… 79 ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆ6 ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฏุด

602
00:51:15,240 --> 00:51:19,760
ุจูŠู…ุชู„ูƒ ุจู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญู„ ุชุจุนู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰

603
00:51:19,760 --> 00:51:23,320
ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠู…ูŠูˆู… ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงุฑุจุน ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงุชุงู†ูŠ ุฌุฏุด ุงู„

604
00:51:23,320 --> 00:51:27,700
atomic mass ููˆู‚ ุชุณุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงุฑุจุน ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†

605
00:51:27,700 --> 00:51:32,060
ุจู‚ูŠู†ุง ุนุฏุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ..ู…ุงุดูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจูŠุทู„ุน

606
00:51:32,060 --> 00:51:37,320
ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงุฑุจุน ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ุงู„ุฑูˆุชุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุงู„ูŠ .. ุฌุงู„ูŠ

607
00:51:37,320 --> 00:51:40,660
ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ุดุญู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† .. ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฅุฐุง

608
00:51:40,660 --> 00:51:43,180
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุถูŠูู‡ู…ู‡ุง .. ุฅุฐุง ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† .. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุงู…

609
00:51:43,180 --> 00:51:46,600
ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ ููŠ ุนูŠู†ุฏูŠุฒุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ุจุณุงุทุฉุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

610
00:51:46,600 --> 00:51:55,280
ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุŒ ุตุญูŠุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ

611
00:51:55,280 --> 00:52:01,320
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ ุงู„

612
00:52:01,320 --> 00:52:06,750
ammonium ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง NH4 ู…ูˆุฌุฉูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆู†ูŠูˆู… H3O plus

613
00:52:06,750 --> 00:52:12,950
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจุณ ุดุญู†ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ

614
00:52:12,950 --> 00:52:17,490
ู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุจุงู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ู…ุฑุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุฌูŠู„ู†ุง

615
00:52:17,490 --> 00:52:26,350
polyatomic ions polyatomic ions ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุชุชูƒูˆู†

616
00:52:26,350 --> 00:52:32,010
ู…ู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุนู†ุตุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุตู„ููŠุช SO4 2 ุณุงู„ุจ ุฒูŠ

617
00:52:32,010 --> 00:52:38,260
ุงู„ nitrate NO3 ุณุงู„ุจุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ hydroxide OH ุณุงู„ุจ ูู‡ุฐู‡

618
00:52:38,260 --> 00:52:47,120
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† polyatomic ions ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ ionic

619
00:52:47,120 --> 00:52:51,500
compounds ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุฎุฏ ุจุงู„ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุฃูˆ

620
00:52:51,500 --> 00:52:55,720
ูŠุชู… ุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู† ู…ุนู‡ุง ูƒูˆุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ

621
00:52:55,720 --> 00:53:01,790
ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู†ูŠ ุจุงุฌุณู…ู‡ ู„ุฌุณู…ูŠู† ุจุงุฌุณู…ู‡ ู„ุฌุณู…ูŠู†ุฌุณู… ู…ุชู„ ุงูŠูˆู†

622
00:53:01,790 --> 00:53:06,170
ูˆุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุงุฎุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงุชุงูŠู† ูˆุงู†ุงูŠู†

623
00:53:06,170 --> 00:53:11,930
ุงู„ูƒุงุชุงูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชู„ ุงูŠูˆู† ูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† NH

624
00:53:11,930 --> 00:53:16,730
ุฃุฑุจุน ุนู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจุณ ูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชู„ ุงูŠูˆู† ูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† NH ุฃุฑุจุน

625
00:53:16,730 --> 00:53:23,130
ุนู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุทุจ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุงูŠู† ูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† single atomic one mono

626
00:53:23,130 --> 00:53:27,880
atomicูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† polyatomic ion ูุงู„ polyatomic

627
00:53:27,880 --> 00:53:30,700
ion ุจูŠุนุงู…ู„ู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ูƒูˆุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุด ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„

628
00:53:30,700 --> 00:53:33,420
sulfur ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุงูƒุณุฌูŠู† ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒู… ุณุงู„ุจ

629
00:53:33,420 --> 00:53:37,060
.. ู„ุฃ ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ polyatomic ion ูƒูˆุญุฏุฉ

630
00:53:37,060 --> 00:53:43,820
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ionic charges ุงู„ ionic

631
00:53:43,820 --> 00:53:45,900
charges ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง

632
00:53:45,900 --> 00:53:50,700
ุนู†ู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงุฌูŠู†ุงุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ

633
00:53:50,700 --> 00:53:53,340
ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ

634
00:53:53,340 --> 00:53:55,920
ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ

635
00:53:55,920 --> 00:54:00,180
ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰

636
00:54:00,180 --> 00:54:05,400
ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ุชู‚ูˆู„ predict the charge expected for

637
00:54:05,400 --> 00:54:09,520
the most stable ion of barium and the most stable

638
00:54:09,520 --> 00:54:13,900
ion of oxygen ุฏูŠุด ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„

639
00:54:13,900 --> 00:54:18,250
barium ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŸููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุฅุฐู† ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„

640
00:54:18,250 --> 00:54:21,910
ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฅุชู†ูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุชูˆุตู„ ู„ู„ู€Noble gas structure

641
00:54:21,910 --> 00:54:28,810
ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ุทุจ ูˆุงู„ู€ Oxygen ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŸ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฅุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุฅุจุณุงุทุฉ

642
00:54:28,810 --> 00:54:36,790
ุฎุงู„ุตุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุง ุงู„ value ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฅุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ Oxygen ุณุงู„ุจ

643
00:54:36,790 --> 00:54:40,570
ุฅุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุจู‚ูˆู„ predict the charge expected for

644
00:54:40,570 --> 00:54:45,450
the most stable ion of A aluminum and B fluorineุŒ

645
00:54:45,450 --> 00:54:50,640
ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉุฃู„ู…ู†ุงู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจุชู„ุงุชุฉ

646
00:54:50,640 --> 00:54:53,800
ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ู„ู†ูŠูˆู† ู‡ูˆ

647
00:54:53,800 --> 00:54:57,640
ุชู„ุงุช ุชุงุดุฑ ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ู„ุนุดุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุจุฏูŠู‡

648
00:54:57,640 --> 00:55:01,980
ูŠูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู„ู…ู†ุงู… ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุบูŠุฑ

649
00:55:01,980 --> 00:55:06,700
ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ุงู… ู„ูู„ูˆุฑูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุทุจุนุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุฌุฏุง ู‡ู„ ุชุนุงู…ู„ู†ุง

650
00:55:06,700 --> 00:55:11,720
ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุจุณูŠุท ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŸ ุจุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ุง

651
00:55:11,720 --> 00:55:16,320
ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฎุงู„ุตูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ

652
00:55:16,320 --> 00:55:19,860
ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงุชูุถู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฏุง ุงูŠุด ูˆ ู‡ุฏุง ุงูŠุด

653
00:55:19,860 --> 00:55:22,740
ูˆ ู‡ุฏุง ุงูŠุด ุณู‡ู„ ุชุทู„ุน ุงูŠู‡ ูˆ ุชุทู„ุน ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ

654
00:55:22,740 --> 00:55:28,100
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุชุฏุฑุจู‰ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†

655
00:55:28,100 --> 00:55:33,640
ุงู„ ionic compounds ุงูƒุชุฑ ูุจู†ู‚ูˆู„

656
00:55:33,640 --> 00:55:38,540
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ metals ุจุชูู‚ุฏ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุชูŠุฒ

657
00:55:38,890 --> 00:55:43,190
ูˆุงู„ู€ non-metals ุจุชูƒุชุณุจ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุนุดุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† anions

658
00:55:43,190 --> 00:55:47,490
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒุงุชุงูŠูˆู†ุฒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ anions ุงุฑุชุจุงุท

659
00:55:47,490 --> 00:55:52,910
ุงู„ูƒุงุชุงูŠูˆู†ุฒ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงู†ูŠูˆู†ุฒ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ionic compound ุทุจุนุง

660
00:55:52,910 --> 00:55:56,670
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ ionic compound ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุด

661
00:55:56,670 --> 00:55:59,970
ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุชู„ุงุชู‡

662
00:55:59,970 --> 00:56:04,330
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุชู„ุงุชู‡ ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู†

663
00:56:04,330 --> 00:56:12,280
ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุนุงุฏู„ ูƒู‡ุฑุจูŠุงูู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Sodium

664
00:56:12,280 --> 00:56:15,140
ูˆ Cloride ุงู„ Sodium ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆ ุงู„ Cloride ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุฐุง

665
00:56:15,140 --> 00:56:19,260
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ Sodium ูˆ Cloride Sodium ูˆุงุญุฏ

666
00:56:19,260 --> 00:56:27,060
ูˆ Cloride ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุนู†ุฏูŠู‡ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุงู„

667
00:56:27,060 --> 00:56:31,420
Ionic compounds ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ู…ุชู„ ู…ุน ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ุชู„ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„

668
00:56:31,420 --> 00:56:35,790
molecular compounds ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงุฏnonmetal ู…ุน nonmetal

669
00:56:35,790 --> 00:56:42,150
ู†ุญู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ ionic compounds ูุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„

670
00:56:42,150 --> 00:56:46,490
sodium chloride ู„ุญุธุฉ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช

671
00:56:46,490 --> 00:56:51,250
ุชุทู„ุนูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุทูŠุจ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ sodium ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ chloride

672
00:56:51,250 --> 00:56:55,250
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุนู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู†ุชู… ู…ุด

673
00:56:55,250 --> 00:56:59,910
ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุชู†ูŠ ุฌุฒูŠุก ุฌุฒูŠุก sodium

674
00:56:59,910 --> 00:57:05,490
chloride ูˆูŠู† ุงุฎุฏู‡ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู‡ุŸ ุงุชูุถู„ูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ

675
00:57:05,490 --> 00:57:11,950
ุงู†ู‡ู‰ ุงุฎุชุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ู‡ .. ุงู†ู‡ .. ุงู†ู‡

676
00:57:11,950 --> 00:57:15,970
.. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ูŠู†ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ ionic compounds

677
00:57:15,970 --> 00:57:22,550
ุจู‚ุฏุฑุด ุงู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงูŠูˆู† Sodium ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงูŠูˆู†

678
00:57:22,550 --> 00:57:25,410
Cloride ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู†ู‡ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงูุตู„ู‡ู… ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ

679
00:57:25,410 --> 00:57:30,310
ุนู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนู† molecule ู„ุฃ ุนู„ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง

680
00:57:30,310 --> 00:57:35,910
ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ ionicููˆุฑู…ูˆู„ุฉ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ

681
00:57:35,910 --> 00:57:40,230
empirical ุงู†ุง

682
00:57:40,230 --> 00:57:46,150
ุงุนุฑู ุงู† ุนุฏุฏ ุฏุฑุงุช ุงู„chlor ุนุฏุฏ ุงูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุตุงุฏู… ู…ุฌุงุจ ุฒูŠ

683
00:57:46,150 --> 00:57:51,990
ุนุฏุฏ ุงูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„chlor ุณุงู„ุจ ู„ุงู† ุงู„ NACL ู…ุชุนุงุฏู„ู‡ู„ ููŠ

684
00:57:51,990 --> 00:57:56,930
ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู† ุฃูุตู„ ุฌุฒูŠุฆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง Na2Cl2 ูˆ ู„ุง Na3Cl3

685
00:57:56,930 --> 00:58:01,270
ู…ุซู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุฃ ููŠุด ุงูŠ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง NaCl ู„ุฃู†ู‡

686
00:58:01,270 --> 00:58:05,010
ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ุงู„ Na ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู…ุน ุนู†ู‡ Cl ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† lattice

687
00:58:05,010 --> 00:58:10,910
ุดุจูƒุฉ ู„ุงุชุณ crystal lattice ุดุจูƒุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

688
00:58:10,910 --> 00:58:16,860
ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู‡ ุตูŠุบุฉ formula ู…ุด moleculeู‡ุฐุง ู„ู‡

689
00:58:16,860 --> 00:58:22,520
ุฅูŠู‡ ุตูŠุบุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง formula ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃูƒุชุจ

690
00:58:22,520 --> 00:58:27,640
Ionic formula ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠู‡ empirical ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุฅู†ู‡

691
00:58:27,640 --> 00:58:33,660
ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง subscribes ุจุชุฌุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุฃูˆู„ ุขุฎุฑ

692
00:58:33,660 --> 00:58:37,580
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู„ุฃ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุนุณูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ู…ุซู„ุง

693
00:58:37,580 --> 00:58:44,580
ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ูŠุช NA2CO3 ู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ูƒุณุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุดูŠ ุงุฎุฑ ูุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู‡ูŠ

694
00:58:44,580 --> 00:58:50,000
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† empirical formula ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุงูƒูˆู‘ู† ุงู„ ionic

695
00:58:50,000 --> 00:58:53,900
compound ุจุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ charges ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุญุฏุฏ ุงู„

696
00:58:53,900 --> 00:58:58,860
charges ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ charges ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ู…ู†

697
00:58:58,860 --> 00:59:04,180
ูู‡ู… ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ูู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูŠุฒูŠุง

698
00:59:05,060 --> 00:59:08,840
ุจุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ .. ุงู„ magnesium ion ุจุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„

699
00:59:08,840 --> 00:59:12,080
nitrogen ion ุงู†ุง ุจุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ magnesium .. magnesium

700
00:59:12,080 --> 00:59:16,300
ion ู…ุงุดูŠ ุทุจ ูˆ ุงู„ nitrogen ion ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุณู†ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡

701
00:59:16,300 --> 00:59:24,320
ู†ูŠุชุฑูŠุช .. ู†ูŠุชุฑูŠุช ุฒูŠ ุงูู„ูˆุฑ ุงูู„ูˆุฑุงูŠุช ุงูƒู„ูˆุฑ ุงูƒู„ูˆุฑุงูŠุช

702
00:59:24,320 --> 00:59:30,720
ุณู„ูุฑ ุณู„ูุงูŠุช ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ู†ูŠุชุฑูŠุช ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ non

703
00:59:30,720 --> 00:59:35,370
-metalliteุทูŠุจุŒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูŠุฒูŠูˆู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุดุญู†ุชูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌุฉ

704
00:59:35,370 --> 00:59:37,850
ู…ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู€ nitrogen ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุณุงู„ุจ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู†

705
00:59:37,850 --> 00:59:40,890
ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุนู†ุฏู‰

706
00:59:40,890 --> 00:59:45,570
ู…ุฑุงูƒุจ ุฃูŠูˆู†ูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŸ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุญู†ุฉ ุชุจุนูŠ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ

707
00:59:45,570 --> 00:59:49,570
ุจุญุทู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„ุดุญู†ุฉ ุชุจุนูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุญุทู‡ุง ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุฏูˆู†

708
00:59:49,570 --> 00:59:52,850
ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ .. ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ chart ุงู‡

709
00:59:52,850 --> 00:59:56,190
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ุฉ ูุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูŠุฒูŠูˆู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ nitrogen

710
00:59:56,190 --> 00:59:58,710
ุฃุฎุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ nitrogen ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูŠุฒูŠูˆู… ุฃุฎุฏ

711
00:59:58,710 --> 01:00:03,350
ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุนุงู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฃุณู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุฏุชู‡ุงู…ุงุดูŠ

712
01:00:03,350 --> 01:00:09,410
ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุจู‚ูˆู„ identify ุงูˆ identifying ionic

713
01:00:09,410 --> 01:00:12,250
and molecular compounds ูƒูŠู ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช

714
01:00:12,250 --> 01:00:17,850
ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงูŠุถุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆูŠุฉ

715
01:00:17,850 --> 01:00:23,350
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ which of these compounds

716
01:00:23,350 --> 01:00:27,970
would you expect to be ionic N2O ูˆ ู„ุง Na2O ูˆ ู„ุง

717
01:00:27,970 --> 01:00:32,270
calcium chloride ูˆ ู„ุง SF4 ุงู„ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ

718
01:00:33,070 --> 01:00:38,430
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ูƒู„ ู†ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„

719
01:00:38,430 --> 01:00:43,670
nitrogen ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„

720
01:00:43,670 --> 01:00:49,630
nitrogen ู‡ูŠูˆ ูˆ ุงู„ oxygen ู‡ูŠูˆ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„

721
01:00:49,630 --> 01:00:56,890
metals ุทูŠุจ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ sodium oxide ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ sodium

722
01:00:56,890 --> 01:01:01,890
ู‡ูŠูˆ ูˆ ุงู„ oxygen ู‡ูŠูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†

723
01:01:01,890 --> 01:01:06,790
ู‡ุฐุงIonic compound ู†ุฌู‰ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏู‡ Calcium

724
01:01:06,790 --> 01:01:12,470
chloride ุญุงุถุฑ ู‡ู‰ calcium ูˆู‡ู‰ ุงู„chlor ุงูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒู…ุŸ

725
01:01:12,470 --> 01:01:20,330
ุงูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ ู†ุฑุฌุน ุชุงู†ู‰ SF4 ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ sulfur ูˆู‡ู‰ ุงู„chlor

726
01:01:20,330 --> 01:01:26,030
ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฌุจุนุช ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

727
01:01:26,030 --> 01:01:30,860
molecular ุชู…ุงู…ุทูŠุจ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ which of these

728
01:01:30,860 --> 01:01:37,700
compounds are molecular CBR4 CBR4 ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€C ูˆู‡ูŠ

729
01:01:37,700 --> 01:01:43,660
ุงู„ู€BR ุฅูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒู…ุŸ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ุฑุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูŠุงู‡ู… ู†ูุณ

730
01:01:43,660 --> 01:01:46,480
ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุฏูŠ ู„ูŠุด ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู„ูˆู†ุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู†

731
01:01:46,480 --> 01:01:49,640
ุนุงุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุฎุท ู‡ู‰ ุฏู‡ ุงู†ุชูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูˆ

732
01:01:49,640 --> 01:01:53,000
ุชุนุฑููŠู‡ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชู„ ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชู„ ุฅุฐุง

733
01:01:53,000 --> 01:02:00,810
ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ุฑุŒ ุทูŠุจ FESF E ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ F E ู‡ุงูŠ F E ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ

734
01:02:00,810 --> 01:02:06,590
ุงู„ุณู„ูุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒุŸ Ionic ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ metals ู‡ุงุฏูŠ

735
01:02:06,590 --> 01:02:08,950
metals ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู‚ุตุฑ ุงู„ metals ุนู† ุงู„ non

736
01:02:08,950 --> 01:02:16,410
metals ู‡ุงุฏูŠ metals is an ionic ุทูŠุจ P 4 ุฃูˆ 6 ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„

737
01:02:16,410 --> 01:02:25,640
P ูˆ ุงู„ Oุทุจุนุง ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ุงุฑ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุชูƒูˆู† Ionic ูุงุด ููŠู‡ุง

738
01:02:25,640 --> 01:02:32,620
ู…ุชู„ ู†ุงู† ู…ุชู„ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ุงู†ุดูˆู P

739
01:02:32,620 --> 01:02:39,240
P F ุงุชู†ูŠู† led ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ led ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ F ุงูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒูˆุง

740
01:02:39,240 --> 01:02:43,540
Ionic ุงูŠูˆู†ูƒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุจุน ุงู„ ู…ุชู„ ู„ุณู‡ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฎุท

741
01:02:43,540 --> 01:02:47,980
ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฑุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ุทุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ ู…ุชู„ ุงุฐุง Ionic ุทูŠุจ

742
01:02:51,770 --> 01:02:57,590
ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ู…ู† ุงู„ Ionic Charges ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุฑุณู… ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฃูˆ

743
01:02:57,590 --> 01:03:00,490
ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ empirical formula ู„ู„ Ionic compounds

744
01:03:00,490 --> 01:03:03,030
ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ Ionic compounds ุงู„ formula ุชุจุนุชู‡ู…

745
01:03:03,030 --> 01:03:06,550
ูŠุดู…ู„ู‡ุง empirical ูƒู„ ุงู„ Ionic compounds ุงู„ formula

746
01:03:06,550 --> 01:03:10,050
ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… .. ุจุณ ูƒูŠู ู†ูƒุชุจู‡ุงุŸ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง

747
01:03:10,050 --> 01:03:14,170
Aluminum ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง Aluminum ูˆ Chlor ุงู„ Aluminum

748
01:03:14,170 --> 01:03:19,530
ุฌุฏู‘ุงุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ Chlor ุฌุฏู‘ุงุดุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุชุงุชูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ

749
01:03:19,530 --> 01:03:25,290
ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุงุชูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุบู„ุท ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ALCL3 ุทูŠุจ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ

750
01:03:25,290 --> 01:03:31,430
ุฃุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ุง Magnesium ูˆNitrate Magnesium ุนู„ูŠู‡

751
01:03:31,430 --> 01:03:36,250
ุดุญู†ุชูŠู† ูˆุฌุจุชูŠู† ูˆNitrate ุดุญู†ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฅุฐุง Magnesium

752
01:03:36,250 --> 01:03:40,410
ุจุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ุฃูุถู„ ู…ู† Nitrate ูˆNitrate ุงู„ุดุญู†ุฉ ู…ุด ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ

753
01:03:40,410 --> 01:03:46,430
ุงู„ุดุญู†ุฉ ูุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนู†ุงุงู„ู€GNO ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†

754
01:03:46,430 --> 01:03:50,590
ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุญุทู‡ู…

755
01:03:50,590 --> 01:03:55,190
ููŠ ุฌุฒุก ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† polyatomic ion ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง

756
01:03:55,190 --> 01:03:57,950
ุงู„ุทู„ุงู‚ ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ write the empirical formula for the

757
01:03:57,950 --> 01:04:05,590
compound formed by NA plus ุฃููˆุณููŠุช ุงู„ NA ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูƒู…

758
01:04:05,590 --> 01:04:09,380
ุดุญู†ุฉุŸูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ููˆุณูุงุช ุชุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ููˆุณูุงุช ูƒุฏุงุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง

759
01:04:09,380 --> 01:04:13,860
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ N A ุชู„ุงุชุฉ P O ุฃุฑุจุน ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ

760
01:04:13,860 --> 01:04:17,980
ุทูŠุจ ุฒู†ูƒ ุตู„ููŠุช ู‡ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุดุญู†ุชูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุดุญู†ุชูŠู†

761
01:04:17,980 --> 01:04:23,460
ู…ู…ูƒู†ุด ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฒู†ูƒ ุงุชู†ูŠู† S O ุฃุฑุจุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน

762
01:04:23,460 --> 01:04:27,420
ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุชุจุทู„ ุงู„ empirical ุจุชุจุทู„ ุงู‡ ู„ุฃ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุด

763
01:04:27,420 --> 01:04:33,040
ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฒู†ูƒ ุตู„ููŠุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุทุจ ุงูŠุฑู† ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ูŠุช

764
01:04:33,040 --> 01:04:35,750
ุงู„ุงูŠุฑู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ูŠุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู†ูŠุจู‚ู‰

765
01:04:35,750 --> 01:04:41,030
ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู„ูŠุชุฑ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณ

766
01:04:41,030 --> 01:04:51,390
ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุจู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ุขุฎุฑ ูู‚ุฑุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒุชูˆุฑ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„

767
01:04:51,390 --> 01:04:53,470
ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

768
01:04:56,440 --> 01:05:00,500
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ู‡ุจู‡ู„ู‡ุง ูƒูˆูŠุณ

769
01:05:00,500 --> 01:05:04,960
ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู„ุดุงู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุจุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„

770
01:05:04,960 --> 01:05:09,100
ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ู„ุชุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุง ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ

771
01:05:09,100 --> 01:05:12,740
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏูˆุง ู…ุณุงุฎุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ูู…ุด ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู…

772
01:05:12,740 --> 01:05:15,700
ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุจุงุช ุบูŠุฑ

773
01:05:15,700 --> 01:05:20,780
ุงู„ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ุงู†ุง ุนู„ุดุงู† ุงุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุจุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„

774
01:05:20,780 --> 01:05:30,060
ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู„ุงุฒู…ุฃุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุบู„ุท ู„ุฃู†

775
01:05:30,060 --> 01:05:34,840
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุณู…ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ

776
01:05:34,840 --> 01:05:39,700
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠู„ู‡ ุงุณู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง H2O water ุงูˆ

777
01:05:39,700 --> 01:05:45,000
ุงู„ ammonia ุงุณู…ู‡ุง NH3 ู‡ุฐูŠ common names ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ุงุญู†ุง

778
01:05:45,000 --> 01:05:48,140
ุงุชุนูˆุฏู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุฎู„ุงุต ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆ ู…ุงุจู†ุญูƒูŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ู„ูƒู†

779
01:05:48,140 --> 01:05:51,800
ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุณู…ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†

780
01:05:51,800 --> 01:05:56,300
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูƒุงู… ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญูุธู‡ู… ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ูู„ุงุฒู… ู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจุงุช

781
01:05:56,300 --> 01:05:59,760
ู„ categories ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจุงุช ู„ categories ุฃูˆ

782
01:05:59,760 --> 01:06:05,880
ู„ุฃู‚ุณุงู…ูˆ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุฌูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰

783
01:06:05,880 --> 01:06:12,040
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ categories ูˆ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุฌูŠุฉ

784
01:06:12,040 --> 01:06:13,740
ู„ู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ

785
01:06:16,610 --> 01:06:21,590
ุทูŠุจุŒ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุนู„ู…ูˆุง ุชุนุฑููˆุง ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ cations

786
01:06:21,590 --> 01:06:24,530
ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ anions ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุฌู…ุนู‡ู… ุนุดุงู†

787
01:06:24,530 --> 01:06:28,070
ู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ ionic compound ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ cations

788
01:06:28,070 --> 01:06:32,590
ุชู„ูƒ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ cations ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ู‡ูˆ

789
01:06:32,590 --> 01:06:39,930
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ cation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุทุจุนุง metal ion

790
01:06:39,930 --> 01:06:45,480
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† metal ion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ ุดุญู†ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูุด ุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุงู„ู„ูŠ

791
01:06:45,480 --> 01:06:49,400
ุฅู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุฅู„ู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุดุญู†ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงุต ุงู„ุดุญู†ุฉ

792
01:06:49,400 --> 01:06:53,480
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฃุฌุฏุงุด ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ

793
01:06:53,480 --> 01:06:56,000
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฅู†ู‡ ุดุญู†ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ

794
01:06:56,000 --> 01:07:02,900
ุดุญู†ุชูŠู† ูุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„

795
01:07:02,900 --> 01:07:05,960
.. ุงู„ metal ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ metal ion

796
01:07:05,960 --> 01:07:10,410
ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู†ูุณ ุงุณู… ุงู„ metal ูู…ุซู„ุงู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุจู‚ูˆู„

797
01:07:10,410 --> 01:07:13,730
ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุงูŠูˆู† ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฒูŠูƒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฒูŠูƒ ุงูŠูˆู† ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ

798
01:07:13,730 --> 01:07:17,710
ุฃู„ุบู†ู… ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู„ูˆู…ู†ู… ุงูŠูˆู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ ุงูŠู‡ ู†ูุณ

799
01:07:17,710 --> 01:07:23,050
ุงุณู… ุงู„ ู†ูุณ

800
01:07:23,050 --> 01:07:27,700
ุงุณู… ุงู„ metal ู†ูุณู‡ ูŠุนู†ู‰ ู„ูƒู† ุงุฐุง ุชุฌูŠู†ุง ุนู†ุงุตุฑุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ู‰

801
01:07:27,700 --> 01:07:32,640
ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏ ู†ูุณ ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ู„ูƒู† ุงุจุชุฏูŠู†ุง ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุด

802
01:07:32,640 --> 01:07:36,580
ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฌุฏูŠุด ุงู„ุดุญู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุซู„ุง

803
01:07:36,580 --> 01:07:38,780
ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุฑุงุช ุชูƒูˆู† ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุฑุงุช ุชูƒูˆู† ุฒุงุฆุฏ

804
01:07:38,780 --> 01:07:42,880
ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุฑุงุช ุชูƒูˆู† ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุด ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฌุฏูŠุด ุนู„ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ

805
01:07:42,880 --> 01:07:46,220
ุฌุงู„ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ

806
01:07:46,220 --> 01:07:52,040
ู„ู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงุนู…ู„ุŸ ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ู„ูŠู‡

807
01:07:52,040 --> 01:07:57,630
ุงู†ู‡ ุงุนุฑู ุงู„ุดุญู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฌุฏูŠุด ู‚ุจู„ ุงู† ุงุญุทู‡ุงุจูŠู†

808
01:07:57,630 --> 01:08:06,410
ุจุซูŠู† Roman number ูู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงูŠุฑู† ุงุชู†ูŠู†

809
01:08:06,410 --> 01:08:11,190
ุงูŠุฑู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุฑู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† cover one iron ุงูŠุฑู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ

810
01:08:11,190 --> 01:08:16,450
ุงูŠุฑู† ู„ุง ุงูŠุฑู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ cover ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠุฑู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน

811
01:08:16,450 --> 01:08:21,480
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸุงู„ูƒุงุชูŠูˆุฒ ุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท

812
01:08:21,480 --> 01:08:26,700
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุจุณ ู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุญู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏุด ุบูŠุฑู‡

813
01:08:26,700 --> 01:08:29,640
ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุชู†ูˆุน ููŠ ุงู„ุดุญู†ุงุช ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„

814
01:08:29,640 --> 01:08:32,760
transition metals ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„

815
01:08:32,760 --> 01:08:37,420
metals ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุด transition ู„ูˆ ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†

816
01:08:37,420 --> 01:08:42,780
.. ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ ..ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุงู„ูƒุงุชูŠูˆู† ุฃูˆ

817
01:08:42,780 --> 01:08:45,080
ุงู„ู€ metals ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู‡ุจูŠุฃูƒู„ ุฃูƒุชุฑ

818
01:08:45,080 --> 01:08:47,960
ู…ู† ุดุญู†ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฃูŠู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูู‚ุชู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ numeral

819
01:08:47,960 --> 01:08:52,700
ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุงู„ู€ numeral ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู…ู†

820
01:08:52,700 --> 01:08:57,780
ุงู„ูƒุงุชูŠูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูŠุง ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠูˆู… ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง

821
01:08:57,780 --> 01:09:00,700
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆู†ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆู†ูŠูˆู… ู…ุงุณุงุนุฏู†ู…ูˆุด ุจุณ

822
01:09:00,700 --> 01:09:08,620
ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠูˆู… NH4 ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุจุณ ุจุญุจ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ูƒู… ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ metals

823
01:09:09,440 --> 01:09:13,660
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cations ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

824
01:09:13,660 --> 01:09:18,580
ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุดู…ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ group 1A ูˆ group 2AุŒ

825
01:09:18,580 --> 01:09:21,960
ุงู„ู…ุดู…ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู€

826
01:09:21,960 --> 01:09:25,960
Aluminum ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ

827
01:09:25,960 --> 01:09:29,660
ู„ู€ Transition ElementsุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุญุทูˆู‡ุง ู…ุด ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ

828
01:09:29,660 --> 01:09:32,200
Silver, Cadmium ูˆ Zinc

829
01:09:38,270 --> 01:09:41,270
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดุญู†ุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุด ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ุจุฌูŠุช ู„

830
01:09:41,270 --> 01:09:44,370
translation elements ู„ุฃ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุนุดุงู†

831
01:09:44,370 --> 01:09:48,630
ุฃูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุฑ ู…ุด ุถุฑูˆุฑ ู†ุญุท numeral ุฑูˆู…ุงู† ู†ูˆู…ูŠุฑุงู„ ุจูŠู†

832
01:09:48,630 --> 01:09:54,290
franc series ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุทูŠุจ

833
01:09:54,290 --> 01:09:59,090
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุดูƒุชูŠ ุจุฅู† ุฃู†ุตุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† oxidation

834
01:09:59,090 --> 01:10:03,450
state ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุญุทุงู„ู€ charge ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰

835
01:10:03,450 --> 01:10:06,930
ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ roman numerals ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุดูƒูŠุช ููŠู‡ ูุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ

836
01:10:06,930 --> 01:10:12,690
ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุงุต ูˆุงู„ุฅูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ Fe2

837
01:10:12,690 --> 01:10:18,450
ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูู‰ ุงู„ุฑุต Fe3 ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูู‰ ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒ Kb

838
01:10:18,450 --> 01:10:24,060
plus ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ Q plus Kb2 plus ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ Q breakู‡ุฐู‡

839
01:10:24,060 --> 01:10:27,380
ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ู†ูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ุง ููŠ

840
01:10:27,380 --> 01:10:30,260
ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ู‡ู†ูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ูˆุน

841
01:10:30,260 --> 01:10:33,460
ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุจุณ

842
01:10:33,460 --> 01:10:37,660
ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€Hydronium ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงููŠุด ุฏุนูˆุฉ

843
01:10:37,660 --> 01:10:44,120
ุจุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุทู„ุน ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุจุงุช .. ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช

844
01:10:44,120 --> 01:10:47,220
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€metal ions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ูƒุชูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุนุงุฏุฉ

845
01:10:47,220 --> 01:10:56,920
ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ monoatomic ุฅู„ุงุงู„ู…ุฑูƒูˆุฑูŠ ูููŠู‡ form HG2 2 plus

846
01:10:56,920 --> 01:11:04,700
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐุฑุชูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู†ู‡ ุฐุฑุชูŠู† ู…ุฑูƒูˆุฑูŠ

847
01:11:04,700 --> 01:11:08,400
ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุดุญู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† plus

848
01:11:08,400 --> 01:11:12,040
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงูŠุด ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ mercury one

849
01:11:12,040 --> 01:11:16,820
mercury oneุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุฑูƒูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูƒุงู…

850
01:11:16,820 --> 01:11:21,260
ุดุญู†ุฉุŸ ุชู†ุชู‡ุชุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู„ ู…ุฑูƒูˆุฑ ูŠุฌุฏุด ููŠู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุจุณ

851
01:11:21,260 --> 01:11:26,560
ู†ุชุฐูƒุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุชูŠู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฏูˆู„ุŒ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ู†ุชุทู„ุน

852
01:11:26,560 --> 01:11:31,640
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุชุจุนุชูŠุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช

853
01:11:31,640 --> 01:11:35,880
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠุช ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฃู†ุงุŒ ุจุชุงุฎุฏุด ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ุดุญู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุฏุงู†ูŠุŒ

854
01:11:35,880 --> 01:11:42,080
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ู„ู„ transitionุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ

855
01:11:42,080 --> 01:11:46,180
ุงู„ู€AุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุงู„ู€ Roman numerals

856
01:11:46,180 --> 01:11:51,800
ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงู„ูƒุจุฑ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† .. ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง

857
01:11:51,800 --> 01:11:56,140
ุงู„ูƒุจุฑ ุฃุญุงุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุฎุงุทุฑ ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠูˆู… ุฃู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡

858
01:11:56,140 --> 01:12:02,100
ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุดุญู†ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูˆุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุชู‡ ุงูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠูˆู…

859
01:12:02,100 --> 01:12:06,360
ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุชู‡ ุงูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุดุญู†ุฉ ู‡ูŠุชู†ุชูŠู†

860
01:12:06,360 --> 01:12:10,790
ู‡ูŠุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃู„ูˆู…ู†ุฉู‡ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠุง ูˆ ุงูŠุฑูˆู† ูƒุงู…ุซู„ุฉ ูู„ุงุฒู…

861
01:12:10,790 --> 01:12:15,730
ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู…ุซู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุจุฎุท ุบุงู…ุฌ ุดูˆูŠุฉ

862
01:12:15,730 --> 01:12:21,550
ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„

863
01:12:21,550 --> 01:12:28,710
anions ุงู„ anions ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† anions ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„

864
01:12:28,710 --> 01:12:33,950
hydrogen ุงูŠูˆู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ hydride ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุฏูู†ุงู„ู‡ ุงูŠู‡ I-D-E

865
01:12:33,950 --> 01:12:35,190
I-D-E

866
01:12:39,410 --> 01:12:44,070
Oxide ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ู†ูŠุชุฑุงูŠุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงุฏุฑุฉ ู…ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆู„

867
01:12:44,070 --> 01:12:48,790
ุงุชูˆู…ูŠูƒ ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุถูู„ู‡ุŸ ุจู†ุถูู„ู‡ ุงูŠุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„

868
01:12:48,790 --> 01:12:53,890
polyatomic anions ุฒู‰ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ OH ุณุงู„ุจ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡

869
01:12:53,890 --> 01:13:02,030
hydroxide CN ุณุงู„ุจ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ cyanide O2 ุณุงู„ุจ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡

870
01:13:02,030 --> 01:13:02,790
peroxide

871
01:13:07,900 --> 01:13:11,320
ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุงู†ูŠูˆู†ุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูŠูˆู†ุฒ

872
01:13:11,320 --> 01:13:14,360
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠู‡ one atomic anions ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูŠุถุงู

873
01:13:14,360 --> 01:13:19,560
ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง a few polyatomic anions ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู†

874
01:13:19,560 --> 01:13:23,920
ุงู„ุงู†ูŠูˆู†ุฒ ู‚ุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ูŠูˆู†ุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†

875
01:13:23,920 --> 01:13:30,820
ูู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู†ูŠูˆู†ุฒ ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง oxy

876
01:13:30,820 --> 01:13:31,380
-anions

877
01:13:37,570 --> 01:13:46,110
ุฃูˆ ุงูŠุช ุงุช ุงูˆ ุงูŠุช ุงุช ุงูˆ ุงูŠุช ุงุช ุงูˆ ุงูŠุช ุงุช ุงูˆ ุงูŠุช ุงุช

878
01:13:46,110 --> 01:13:47,230
ุงุช ุงูˆ ุงูŠุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงูˆ ุงูŠุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช

879
01:13:47,230 --> 01:13:47,570
ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช

880
01:13:47,570 --> 01:13:57,390
ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช

881
01:13:57,390 --> 01:14:00,970
ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช ุงุช

882
01:14:00,970 --> 01:14:01,410
ุงุช

883
01:14:08,460 --> 01:14:13,440
ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุฑูŠุฏุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง

884
01:14:13,440 --> 01:14:19,200
ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุงูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงูˆ

885
01:14:19,200 --> 01:14:25,120
ุงู‚ู„ ุจุฏู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุงุตู„ eight ุจุณ ูƒุงู† ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู†ู‡

886
01:14:25,120 --> 01:14:29,300
ุจูˆุงุญุฏุฉ eight ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ ุจูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฌุงู„ pair

887
01:14:29,300 --> 01:14:33,820
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจูŠุฌูŠ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ chlorine ูˆ ุงู„ brom

888
01:14:33,820 --> 01:14:38,240
ูˆ ุงู„ iod ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุง ู…ุน ุงู„ fluor ู„ุฃู…ุน ุงู„chlor ูˆุงู„ุจุฑูˆู…

889
01:14:38,240 --> 01:14:43,700
ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆุช ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุง ูุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ pair ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุฃุฌู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ite

890
01:14:43,700 --> 01:14:51,060
ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ hypo ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ate ุจูŠูƒูˆู† pair ุฃุฌู„ ู…ู†

891
01:14:51,060 --> 01:14:55,980
ุงู„ite ุจูŠูƒูˆู† hypo ูู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„chloret ู‡ูˆ ุงู„

892
01:14:55,980 --> 01:15:00,580
representative ุงู„chloret ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ representative ุฃูƒุชุฑ

893
01:15:00,580 --> 01:15:06,130
ู…ู†ู‡ perchloret ุทูŠุจ ุงู„chloret ุฃุฌู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ุจูˆุงุญุฏุฉุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†ู‡

894
01:15:06,130 --> 01:15:13,550
ูƒู…ุงู† hypochlorite ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฎุงุต ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† simple

895
01:15:13,550 --> 01:15:20,230
ุงูƒู„ูˆุฑ ุงูƒู„ูˆุฑุงูŠุช ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ุงูƒู„ูˆุฑูŠุช

896
01:15:20,230 --> 01:15:24,950
ุงูƒู„ูˆุฑูŠุช ุญุทู†ุง ุงู„ oxygen ุตุงุฑ perichlorate ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡

897
01:15:24,950 --> 01:15:28,810
oxygenุฉ ุตุงุฑ ุงูƒู„ูˆุฑุงูŠุช ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† oxygenุฉ ุตุงุฑ

898
01:15:28,810 --> 01:15:34,390
hypochlorite ู‡ุฐุง ูู‚ุท ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„chlor ูˆุงู„ brom ูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ

899
01:15:34,510 --> 01:15:39,010
ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆู„ ุงู„ูู„ูˆุฑูŠู† ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฎู„ุงู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ period

900
01:15:39,010 --> 01:15:48,110
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุณุนุด ุงู„ ุงู„ non metals ุจุชุณุนุด ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ

901
01:15:48,110 --> 01:15:52,030
oxygens ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ CO ุชู„ุงุชุฉ NO ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ oxygens

902
01:15:52,030 --> 01:15:57,490
ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ periods ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุชุญุช ุจุชุณุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู…

903
01:15:57,490 --> 01:16:01,510
ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† perichlorate ู„ุฃู†

904
01:16:01,510 --> 01:16:05,670
ุงู„ chlorine ุจุชุณุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ oxygensุชู…ุงู… ูููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡

905
01:16:05,670 --> 01:16:09,950
ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ููˆุณููŠุช

906
01:16:09,950 --> 01:16:15,970
ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ููˆุณููŠุช ุจู‚ูˆู„ PO ุชู„ุงุชุฉ PO ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุณุงู„ุจ ู„ูˆ

907
01:16:15,970 --> 01:16:20,170
ุจุฏูŠ sulfite ุจู‚ูˆู„ SO ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ ู„ูˆ .. ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ

908
01:16:20,170 --> 01:16:25,850
ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ perchlorate ุงู‡ ุจุฏูŠ chlorate ClO ุชู„ุงุชุฉ

909
01:16:25,850 --> 01:16:26,410
ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง

910
01:16:30,450 --> 01:16:34,910
ุนุดุงู† ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูŠุฎู„ุต ู…ุงุนู„ูŠุด ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน

911
01:16:34,910 --> 01:16:39,970
ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฎู„ุตู‡ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุงู„ุฌุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุฌู…ู„ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชุนุฑูู†ุง

912
01:16:39,970 --> 01:16:43,710
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒูŠู

913
01:16:43,710 --> 01:16:47,570
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ formula ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุณู… ูƒูŠู ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ formula

914
01:16:47,570 --> 01:16:57,450
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุณู… ุงู†ุง ุจุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุตู„ูุงุช

915
01:16:58,280 --> 01:17:03,420
ุณู„ูุงุช ุงูŠุด ููŠ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุณู„ูุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุชุญุช

916
01:17:03,420 --> 01:17:07,380
ุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ ููŠู‡ ุณูŠู„ูŠู†ูŠูˆู… ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณู„ูุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ

917
01:17:07,380 --> 01:17:13,580
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุณู„ูุงุช ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠู†ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุณูŠู„ูŠู†ุงุช ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„

918
01:17:13,580 --> 01:17:17,220
ุงู†ุง ุงูŠุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง

919
01:17:17,220 --> 01:17:24,120
ุณู„ูุฑ ุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุงูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุณู„ูุงุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„

920
01:17:24,120 --> 01:17:29,660
representative ุทุจ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ ููŠู‡ ุณูŠู„ูŠู†ูŠูˆู…ุฃูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

921
01:17:29,660 --> 01:17:37,020
ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠู†ูˆ ูƒุดูŠุก ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ู„ู„ุณู„ูุฑุŸ ุณูŠู„ูŠู†ูŠุช ุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ ู„ู…ุง

922
01:17:37,020 --> 01:17:41,690
ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ sulfiteุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ S O 4

923
01:17:41,690 --> 01:17:45,250
ุงู„ุณู„ููŠุช ุฃุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ Oxygenation ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูŠู„ ุณู„ููŠุช ุทุจ

924
01:17:45,250 --> 01:17:47,890
ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠู†ุงูŠุช ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง Oxygenation ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูŠู„

925
01:17:47,890 --> 01:17:53,330
ุณูŠู„ูŠู†ุงูŠุช ู†ูุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุนู„ุดุงู†

926
01:17:53,330 --> 01:17:57,190
ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฌูŠู„ู†ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง based on the formula

927
01:17:57,190 --> 01:18:00,250
for the sulfate ion and predict the formula for

928
01:18:00,250 --> 01:18:05,350
the selinate ion and selenite ion ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†

929
01:18:05,350 --> 01:18:09,370
ุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ูŠู†ูŠู… are both in group 6A ู†ูุณ ุงู„ group

930
01:18:09,660 --> 01:18:13,840
ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ form analogous oxy-anions ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง oxy

931
01:18:13,840 --> 01:18:17,560
-anions ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ูุจุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏ selenite ูˆุจุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏ

932
01:18:17,560 --> 01:18:21,220
sulfite ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ formula for the

933
01:18:21,220 --> 01:18:25,140
bromate ion is analogous to that for the chlorate

934
01:18:25,140 --> 01:18:28,600
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ bromate ุฒูŠ ุงู„ chlorate ุทูŠุจ write the

935
01:18:28,600 --> 01:18:32,860
formula for the hypo bromide and the bromide ุงู„

936
01:18:32,860 --> 01:18:37,600
bromide brO2 ุณุงู„ุจ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ bromate ุฒูŠ ุงู„ chlorate

937
01:18:37,600 --> 01:18:42,210
brO3 ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถุณุงู„ุจ ุจุฑูˆู…ูŠุช ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุจ ู‡ุงูŠุจูˆ

938
01:18:42,210 --> 01:18:51,710
ุจุฑูˆู…ูŠุช ุจุฑูˆ ุซุงู„ุซ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุฎุฏุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู†ุฉ ุขุฎุฑ

939
01:18:51,710 --> 01:18:55,230
ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุงู†ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ุจู†ุฎู„ุต ุงู„ุงู†ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุญุตุฉ

940
01:18:55,230 --> 01:19:02,110
ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุนุถ

941
01:19:02,110 --> 01:19:09,100
ุงู„ุงู†ูŠูˆู† ุงู†ุถูู„ู‡ุง HุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ูŠุช ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ู„ู‡ุง H

942
01:19:09,100 --> 01:19:14,320
ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠ ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ูŠุช ุจุงูŠ ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ูŠุช ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ

943
01:19:14,320 --> 01:19:19,020
ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ุงูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ูŠุช ุงู„ููˆุณูุงุช ู…ุซู„ุง

944
01:19:19,020 --> 01:19:25,620
ุงู„ููˆุณูุงุช ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฌุงู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡

945
01:19:25,620 --> 01:19:33,220
HPO4 ุจุณ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุซุงู„ุซ ู‡ุงูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ููˆุณูุงุชุฃูˆ

946
01:19:33,220 --> 01:19:39,920
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† H2PO4 ุจุณ ุฅูŠู‡ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑุŸ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุญุงุทูŠุช

947
01:19:39,920 --> 01:19:44,580
ุงุชู†ูŠู† H plus ู‡ุงู† ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฏุงูŠ

948
01:19:44,580 --> 01:19:50,780
ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ููˆุณููŠุช ุฏุงูŠ ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ููˆุณููŠุช ูˆู‡ุง ูƒุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ

949
01:19:50,780 --> 01:19:56,060
ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ูˆู‚ู ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุงุถูŠ ุงู„ุฎุตุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„

950
01:19:56,060 --> 01:20:03,070
ูˆูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูˆุงู†ุชู… ุจุฎูŠุฑ ุชู†ุณูˆุด ุฃู†ู‡ ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุงุงู„ุงุณุฆู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„

951
01:20:03,070 --> 01:20:07,510
chapter ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ ู„ู„ุฃุณู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุถุงูŠู„ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฌุฒุก ุจุณูŠุท ู…ู†

952
01:20:07,510 --> 01:20:10,830
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ chapter ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุญู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฌุฏ ู…ุง

953
01:20:10,830 --> 01:20:14,210
ุชู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู† ูƒู†ุช ู‡ุงุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญู†ู„ุช ..

954
01:20:14,210 --> 01:20:16,770
ุญู†ู„ุช ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ูˆ ูƒู†ุชูˆุง ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูู„ุงุฒู…

955
01:20:16,770 --> 01:20:20,650
ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุญุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ chapter ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ููŠ

956
01:20:20,650 --> 01:20:25,590
ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู† ุชู…ู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠู‡ ูƒู„ ุฃุณุจูˆุน

957
01:20:25,590 --> 01:20:32,030
ุฌุชู…ู‡ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู†ุงุฎุฏ ุจุงู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„

958
01:20:32,030 --> 01:20:35,670
key ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุงุช ุชุจุนุชูƒุŒ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏูƒุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุด

959
01:20:35,670 --> 01:20:39,410
ู‡ุฑุฌู‘ุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ุงู…ุด ู‡ุฑุฌุนู„ูƒ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

960
01:20:39,410 --> 01:20:42,850
ุจูŠุฃูƒู„ ู…ู†ูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุด ู‡ุฑุฌุน ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ู…ู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ

961
01:20:42,850 --> 01:20:48,330
ุฑุงุญ ุฃู†ุฒู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ

962
01:20:48,330 --> 01:20:52,150
ุงู„ุชุตุญูŠุญ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุดุบู„ูƒ ุนุดุงู†

963
01:20:52,150 --> 01:20:55,750
ูŠุชู‚ุงุฑู† ู…ุงุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ ูˆ ู…ุงุจูŠู† ุดุบู„ูƒ ูˆ ุชุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†

964
01:20:55,750 --> 01:20:59,110
ุญุงุจุฉ ุชุณุฃู„ ุนู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃูˆ ุชูู‡ู… ุฃุฐุงุช ู„ูŠุด ุญุตู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุนุงู†ุง

965
01:20:59,110 --> 01:21:05,330
ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุฃู†ูƒู… ุชุฑุงุฌุนูˆุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ

966
01:21:05,330 --> 01:21:09,910
ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู„ู‡ุฌุงุช ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุฏูˆุชุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ

967
01:21:09,910 --> 01:21:12,630
ู„ูƒู… ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุทุจุนุง ู…ุฎุงู„ุตูŠู† ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ ู…ุฎุงู„ุตูŠู†

968
01:21:12,630 --> 01:21:16,810
ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูู„ุงุฒู… ุจุณ

969
01:21:16,810 --> 01:21:23,370
ุชุฑุฌุนูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ slides ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑุชู‡ุง ุงู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑุช ุงูˆ

970
01:21:23,370 --> 01:21:26,810
ุงุนุทูŠู„ูƒู… ุงู„ slides ุฑุงุฌุนูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู†ุง ู„ุฎุตุชู„ูƒู…

971
01:21:26,810 --> 01:21:29,730
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ููŠ ุงู„ slides ูุฑุงุฌุนูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง

972
01:21:29,730 --> 01:21:34,010
ูˆุดูˆููˆุง ุญุงู„ูƒู… ู‡ู„ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู† ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุนูŠุฏุฅุฐุง

973
01:21:34,010 --> 01:21:38,290
ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃูŠ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฌูŠู†ูŠุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุญุฏ

974
01:21:38,290 --> 01:21:43,130
ุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุญู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ูˆู…ุงุนุฑูุด ูŠุญู„ู‡ุง ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฌูŠู†ูŠุŒ

975
01:21:43,130 --> 01:21:46,550
ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ ูุจู†ุดูˆููƒู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุนูŠุฏ ูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูˆ

976
01:21:46,550 --> 01:21:46,890
ุงู„ุชุจูƒูŠุฑ