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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡

2
00:00:08,010 --> 00:00:12,650
ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน

3
00:00:12,650 --> 00:00:16,990
ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ brain stem physiology

4
00:00:16,990 --> 00:00:20,510
of the brain stem anatomy and physiology and

5
00:00:20,510 --> 00:00:24,170
internal structures of the medulla oblongata ุงู„ุฌุฒุก

6
00:00:24,170 --> 00:00:27,130
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฑุงุญ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† anatomy and physiology of

7
00:00:27,130 --> 00:00:34,290
the palms and midbrainุงู„ู€ Pons is the middle part

8
00:00:34,290 --> 00:00:38,850
of the brain stem which is located between the

9
00:00:38,850 --> 00:00:45,450
medulla oblongata and midbrain Pons

10
00:00:45,450 --> 00:00:49,230
extends from the medulla oblongata below ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„

11
00:00:49,230 --> 00:00:54,350
Pons ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ medulla oblongata to midbrain

12
00:00:54,350 --> 00:01:00,580
above ูˆุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ Pons ู…ู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ midbrainand located

13
00:01:00,580 --> 00:01:06,400
in front of the cerebellum and fourth ventricle

14
00:01:06,400 --> 00:01:12,500
ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ fourth ventricle ูˆ ุงู„ cerebellum

15
00:01:12,500 --> 00:01:21,480
ู‡ูŠุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ูˆุงุถุญ Pons ู‡ุฐุง

16
00:01:21,480 --> 00:01:25,760
ุงู„ Pons ุฌุณุฑ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† Medulla ูˆ Oblongata

17
00:01:29,570 --> 00:01:36,570
ูˆ midbrain ุจูŠุญุฏูˆุง ู…ู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ midbrain ู…ู† ุฃุณูู„ ู…ูŠุถู„ู‚

18
00:01:36,570 --> 00:01:40,950
ุจู„ู†ุฌุงุชู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู fourth ventricle ูˆ cerebellum

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00:01:40,950 --> 00:01:45,350
fourth ventricle and cerebellum ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ locations ูˆ

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00:01:45,350 --> 00:01:52,230
ุงู„ extensions ุจุชุงุนุฉ pons external

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00:01:52,230 --> 00:01:55,090
features of the pons ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ external

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00:01:55,090 --> 00:02:00,210
features of the ponsthe anterior cervix of the

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pons ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ anterior cervix Basilary groove

24
00:02:05,370 --> 00:02:12,510
ููŠ ุงู„ Basilary groove ุจูŠู…ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Basilar artery

25
00:02:12,510 --> 00:02:17,490
ุงุชุฐูƒุฑูˆู„ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ cranial

26
00:02:17,490 --> 00:02:19,230
nerves ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ cerebral

27
00:02:19,230 --> 00:02:22,270
hemisphere ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ middle brain

28
00:02:22,270 --> 00:02:26,360
ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ ponsูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ู… ูŠุธู„

29
00:02:26,360 --> 00:02:30,100
ุฃุจู„ุงู†ุฌุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ exceptions ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ ูƒู„ ุนุตุจ

30
00:02:30,100 --> 00:02:34,200
ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ูŠุฌุงู† ููŠ ุงู†ุง Basilary groove ุจูŠู…ูˆุฑ ููŠู‡

31
00:02:34,200 --> 00:02:37,620
Basilary artery ูˆู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„

32
00:02:37,620 --> 00:02:41,200
Pons ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ Pons ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุฑุงุจ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุฌูŠ

33
00:02:41,200 --> 00:02:45,880
ู…ู† ุงู„ nerve abdocent nerve ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ facial

34
00:02:45,880 --> 00:02:50,680
nerve ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุณุงุจุน ูˆ vestibulocochlear nerve ุงู„ุนุตุจ

35
00:02:50,680 --> 00:02:56,120
ุงู„ุซุงู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ Ponsู‡ูŠ

36
00:02:56,120 --> 00:03:00,280
ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ anterior service ูˆ anterolateral

37
00:03:00,280 --> 00:03:05,620
service of the pons ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง basilary groove

38
00:03:05,620 --> 00:03:10,060
ู‡ู… ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง basilar artery ุจุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„

39
00:03:10,060 --> 00:03:13,980
anterolateral service ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ nerve

40
00:03:15,120 --> 00:03:18,620
ุงู„ู€ trigeminal nerve ู„ู‡ large root sensory and

41
00:03:18,620 --> 00:03:24,200
small root motorุŒ abducent nerve ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ pons

42
00:03:24,200 --> 00:03:27,380
ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ูŠู† ุฌุงุชู‡ุงุŒ facial nerve ู„ู‡ two

43
00:03:27,380 --> 00:03:32,220
root large root motor and small root sensory and

44
00:03:32,220 --> 00:03:37,380
parasympathetic ูˆ vestibulocochlear nerve ุงู„ุนุตุจ

45
00:03:37,380 --> 00:03:44,690
ุฅูŠุดุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุซุงู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ external features of the

46
00:03:44,690 --> 00:03:53,370
anterolateral surface of the palms ูˆุนุถุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง

47
00:03:53,370 --> 00:03:59,350
trigeminal nerveabdominal nerve, fascial nerve and

48
00:03:59,350 --> 00:04:03,750
vestibular cochlear nerve ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Basilar

49
00:04:03,750 --> 00:04:07,490
groove ุงูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง groove of the basilar artery

50
00:04:07,490 --> 00:04:13,790
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง Basilar artery ุงู„ุขู† ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰

51
00:04:13,790 --> 00:04:18,170
posterior service of the pons posterior service of

52
00:04:18,170 --> 00:04:21,110
the pons ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† posterior service of the

53
00:04:21,110 --> 00:04:28,260
pons ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง median longitudinal sulcusู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

54
00:04:28,260 --> 00:04:34,660
ุงู„ middle line ููŠ a medial imminance ููŠ facial

55
00:04:34,660 --> 00:04:40,600
calculus ูˆููŠ vestibular trigon vestibular trigon

56
00:04:40,600 --> 00:04:44,720
facial calculus ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง facial nucleus ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„

57
00:04:44,720 --> 00:04:50,280
posterior service of the pons ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู†

58
00:04:50,280 --> 00:04:55,790
posterior median ูุดุงุฑูˆุงุถุญ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Facial

59
00:04:55,790 --> 00:05:00,850
Calculus ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Medial Eminence ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ

60
00:05:00,850 --> 00:05:04,990
ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ Vestibular ุงู„ู€ Trigon ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„

61
00:05:04,990 --> 00:05:08,670
ุจุณุชูŠุฑูˆ ุงู„ู€ Service of the Pons ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณ ููŠ

62
00:05:08,670 --> 00:05:18,770
ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงูƒู…ู„ู‡ ู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูˆุถุญ ู‡ู†ุง

63
00:05:18,770 --> 00:05:25,900
ููŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุณุชูŠุฑ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ุงู†ูุดุงุฑููŠ ุดุงู„ูƒุงู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„

64
00:05:25,900 --> 00:05:32,200
ุงู…ูŠู†ุงู†ุณ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชูƒู…ู„ุฉ vestibular trigon ู„ุฃู†ู‡

65
00:05:32,200 --> 00:05:37,600
ููŠ ุฌุฒุก ููŠ ู…ูŠุฏุงู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจู„ุงู†ุฌุงุชุง ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ููŠ ุงู„ pons ูƒู…ุงู†

66
00:05:37,600 --> 00:05:41,980
ุฅุถุงููŠ ู„ู„ slide ููŠ ุงู„ posterior surface of the pons

67
00:05:41,980 --> 00:05:48,880
ููŠ vestibular a trigon ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„

68
00:05:48,880 --> 00:05:54,290
vestibular nuclei of the vestibular nerveุงู„ุงู†

69
00:05:54,290 --> 00:05:59,910
ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ internal structures of the pons ู„ู…ุง

70
00:05:59,910 --> 00:06:02,230
ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ external .. ุงู„ internal structure of

71
00:06:02,230 --> 00:06:06,930
the pons ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูƒู„ูŠุงูŠุฉ and fibers located

72
00:06:06,930 --> 00:06:13,490
inside of the pons ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ transverse fibers ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„

73
00:06:13,490 --> 00:06:18,350
transverse fibers ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… pontocerebellar

74
00:06:18,350 --> 00:06:24,320
fibers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ุฌูŠูŠู† ู…ู† middle cerebellarุฃุซู†ูŠู†

75
00:06:24,320 --> 00:06:28,700
ุงู„ู€ longitudinal fibers ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„

76
00:06:28,700 --> 00:06:34,500
projection fibers ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ู… corticospinal tract ุฃูˆ

77
00:06:34,500 --> 00:06:38,020
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ pyramidal tract ูˆู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง

78
00:06:38,020 --> 00:06:44,260
corticopontine fibers ููŠ ุงู„ู€pons ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠู„

79
00:06:44,260 --> 00:06:47,640
ุงู„ู€ trigeminal nerve ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„

80
00:06:47,640 --> 00:06:52,410
trigeminal nerveู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู† sensory nucleus ู…ู†

81
00:06:52,410 --> 00:06:59,970
sensory nucleus for a for a touch sensation ู…ู†

82
00:06:59,970 --> 00:07:06,570
sensory nucleus

83
00:07:06,570 --> 00:07:15,310
ูˆุฌุฒุก ู…ู† descending spinal nucleus of trigeminal

84
00:07:15,310 --> 00:07:20,400
nerveู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง sensory nucleiุŒ sensory

85
00:07:20,400 --> 00:07:24,880
ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ descending spinal nucleus ุจุชู…ุฑ

86
00:07:24,880 --> 00:07:28,800
ููŠ ุงู„ pons ุซู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุถุงู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจู„ู†ุฌุงุชู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู†ุฒู„

87
00:07:28,800 --> 00:07:32,700
ู„ู„ upper part of spinal cordุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ

88
00:07:32,700 --> 00:07:36,180
ููŠ ุงู„ ponsุฌุฒุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ Medulla Oblongata ูˆุฌุฒุก

89
00:07:36,180 --> 00:07:40,420
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู† C1 ู„ C4 segment of spinal cord ู‡ุฐูŠ

90
00:07:40,420 --> 00:07:43,900
descending spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve for

91
00:07:43,900 --> 00:07:48,740
pain and temperature sensation

92
00:07:48,740 --> 00:07:55,560
ููŠ motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ

93
00:07:55,560 --> 00:08:01,480
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Pons ููŠ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ motor ู„ู€ Abdominal nerve

94
00:08:01,480 --> 00:08:08,420
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ PonsููŠ ู†ูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ู„ู€ facial nerve motor

95
00:08:08,420 --> 00:08:15,160
nucleus ventral and dorsal ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ ventral ุจุชูƒูˆู†

96
00:08:15,160 --> 00:08:19,280
ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„

97
00:08:22,770 --> 00:08:27,930
lower half of the face ูˆุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุณู„ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ upper

98
00:08:27,930 --> 00:08:31,150
half of the face ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุณู„ motor nucleus of the

99
00:08:31,150 --> 00:08:35,390
facial nerve ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ุนุถู„ุงุชู‡

100
00:08:35,390 --> 00:08:39,390
ูˆ ุงู„ ventral nucleus of facial ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก

101
00:08:39,390 --> 00:08:42,710
ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ูˆ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ motor

102
00:08:42,710 --> 00:08:49,590
functionู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ nucleus of vestibular nerve ุงู„

103
00:08:49,590 --> 00:08:53,930
vestibular ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ pons ูˆ ุฌุฒุก

104
00:08:53,930 --> 00:08:57,550
ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฏุงู„ุง ุฃูˆ ุจู„ุงู†ุฌุงุชุง

105
00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:06,660
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ bonds ูˆุงุถุญ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ trigeminal motor

106
00:09:06,660 --> 00:09:11,400
nucleus ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ abdomen nucleus ููŠ ุงู„ facial

107
00:09:11,400 --> 00:09:16,260
nucleus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… motor ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„

108
00:09:16,260 --> 00:09:19,800
facial ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ facial nerve ููŠ superior

109
00:09:19,800 --> 00:09:26,750
salivary nucleusSuperior Salivary Nucleus ุชุนุชุจุฑ

110
00:09:26,750 --> 00:09:33,570
ุจุงุฑุง ุณูŠู…ุจุงุซุงุชูŠูƒ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุชุนุทูŠ ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ

111
00:09:33,570 --> 00:09:36,790
ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ

112
00:09:36,790 --> 00:09:38,230
ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ

113
00:09:38,230 --> 00:09:43,250
ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ

114
00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:49,780
ุฃู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃุฐูƒุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ nucleus ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุฑุฃุณ ุจุตู„

115
00:09:49,780 --> 00:09:53,880
ูˆ ุฃู‚ุทุนู‡ ูˆ ุฃุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุงุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ

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ุงู„ุฃู†ู ุชุจุนู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ secretion ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ู ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง

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ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง descending spinal nucleus of

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trigeminal nerve for pain and temperature

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sensation ุงูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง principal trigeminal nucleus

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ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ palms ุฌุฒุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ

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ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจู„ุงู†ุบุงุชุง ูˆุฌุฒุก ุจู†ุฒู„ูˆูŠู† ู„ู„ upper

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segments of spinal cord ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ cochlear

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nuclei ู…ุงุฏุฎู„ุชู‡ู… ููŠ slide ูˆ vestibular nuclei

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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ a internal structures

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of the pons ุงู†ุชุฌู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ

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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ a midbrain ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท it is the upper

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part of brainstem ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ upper part of brainstem

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ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ located between the ponsBelow ุจูŠุญุฏู‡ ู…ู†

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ุชุญุช ุงู„ Pons ูˆ ู…ู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ Diencephalon Diencephalon

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ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ Med Brain ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุตูˆุฑ ุจูŠู† ู…ู† ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠู†

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ุงู„ Pons ู…ู† ุชุญุช ูˆ Diencephalon ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู

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ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ cerebellum ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ superior cerebellar

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pedunclesูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ connection ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ it connects

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pons and cerebellum to subthalamic ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ

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ุจูŠุฑุจุท ุงู„ pons ูˆ ุงู„ cerebellum ู…ุน ุงู„ subthalamus ู…ุน

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ุงู„ cerebral ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ุณููŠุฑ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ุจูŠุฑุจุทู‡ู… ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุจุท ูƒู„

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ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ middle brain ุจุงู„

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cerebrumู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ fibers ุฌุง ู…ู† spinal cord ูˆ ู…ู†

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ุงู„cerebellum ูˆ ู…ู† ู…ุถุงู„ุฉ ุจู„ู†ุฌุงุชุง ูˆ bones ุฑุงุญ ุชู…ุฑ

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ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ midbrain ุนุดุงู† ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ cerebrum ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ูˆ

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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ midbrain ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ ู…ูŠุฏ ุจุฑูŠู†ู‡ุฐุง

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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุจุท ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠ ุฃุณูู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ

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ุฃูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฎ ู…ู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ mid

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brain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญู„ู‚ุช ุฑุจุท ูˆูˆุตู„ ู…ุง

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ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ brain

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stem, cerebellum and spinal cord with a cerebral

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hemisphere

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external features of midbrain ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„

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external features of midbrain ููŠ ุงู„ anterior

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service of midbrain ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ two cerebellar

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peduncles ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆ oculomotor nerve

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ููŠ ุงู„ู€ anterior cervix of midbrain ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ two

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cerebral peduncles ูˆequal motor nerve ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

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emerging from the medial side of cerebral

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peduncles ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ cerebral peduncles ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„

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ุงู„ู€ anterior service of midbrain ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

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cerebral peduncles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… cross cerebrae

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ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงูŠุด ุงูˆูƒู„ุงู…ูˆุชุฑ ู†ูŠุฑุจ ูˆู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ุงูˆูƒู„ุงู…ูˆุชุฑ ู†ูŠุฑุจ

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ุจุฎุฑุฌ medial ุงูˆ internal ู…ู† ุงู„cerebral peduncles

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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ external features ุจุชุงุน ุงู„

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anterior service ofMidbrain ู…ุงุญุฏ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€

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trochlear nerve ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ anterior service ู„ุฃ

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ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ trochlear nerve ู‡ูˆ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„

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posterior service ูˆ ุจู„ู ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู… ุจู„ู ู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู

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ู„ู„ุฃู…ุงู… ู†ุชูƒู„ู…

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ุนู„ู‰Posterior service of midbrain ููŠ ุงู„ posterior

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service ููŠ midbrain ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง four caliculi ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง

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ุงูŠู‡ุŸ four caliculi ููŠ two superior caliculi right

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and left ูˆ two inferior caliculi right and left

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what's the function of superior calculusุŸุงู„ main

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function ู„ ุงู„ superior calculus is visual function

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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„

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function ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ inferior calculus ุงู„ auditory or

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hearing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ hearing ุฃูˆ ุงู„ auditory

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function ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ inferior calculus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ

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ุจุงู„ุณู…ุนูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ inferior ูˆ ุงู„ superior

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ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„

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superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior

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ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„

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superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior

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ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„

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superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior

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ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„

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superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior

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ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„

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superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior

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ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„

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superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior

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ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„

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superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior

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00:14:57,550 --> 00:14:57,550
ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„

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superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior

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ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„

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superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior

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ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„

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superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior

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ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ

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ุงู„ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† Trochlear nerve ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู‡ุงูŠ

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ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ inferior

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calculus ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู…ุน media ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠูƒูˆู„ูŠุช body

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ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ metathalamusูˆู‡ูŠ superior calculus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ

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ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ lateral geniculate body for vision

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00:15:38,120 --> 00:15:44,640
ูˆูˆุงุถุญุงู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Trochlearnier ุจุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุจุตูŠุฑู‡

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service ูˆุจูŠู„ู ู„ู„ุฃู…ุงู… ุจุตูŠุฑู‡ service ูˆุจูŠู„ู ู„ู„ุฃู…ุงู…

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ู‡ุฐุง Trochlearnierู…ู† ุงู„ู€ posterior service of

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midbrain ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ูŠู† for colloquiali ุซู†ูŠู† superior

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ุซู†ูŠู† inferior ูˆ Trochlear nerve ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู†

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ุงู„ posterior service of midbrain ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ optic

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tract ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ lateral geniculate body ุงู„

210
00:16:13,410 --> 00:16:18,540
lateral geniculate bodyู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ .. ู…ุน ุงู„

211
00:16:18,540 --> 00:16:21,180
superior calculus ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ media ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠูƒูˆู„ูŠุทูŠ

212
00:16:21,180 --> 00:16:26,540
ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู…ุน inferior calculus ุงู„ุขู† ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰

213
00:16:26,540 --> 00:16:31,720
internal structures of midbrain internal

214
00:16:31,720 --> 00:16:37,540
structures of midbrain ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง .. ุงุฎุฏู†ุง transverse

215
00:16:37,540 --> 00:16:43,750
section ู„ู„ู…ูŠุฏ ุจุฑูŠู†ุจู†ุฌุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ midbrain ุจูŠู…ุฑ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ

216
00:16:43,750 --> 00:16:50,010
ุงุณู…ู‡ุง silvius ุงูˆ cerebral aqueduct ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„

217
00:16:50,010 --> 00:16:55,490
midbrain ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ silvius ุงูˆ cerebral aqueduct ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„

218
00:16:55,490 --> 00:16:59,590
silvius ุงูˆ ุงู„ cerebral aqueduct ุฑุงุญ ุชู‚ุณู… ู„ู†ุง ุงู„

219
00:16:59,590 --> 00:17:04,310
midbrain ู„ two part ุฑุงุญ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ midbrain ู„ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ

220
00:17:04,310 --> 00:17:11,150
two partุชูƒุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ posterior part ูˆ two

221
00:17:11,150 --> 00:17:14,610
cerebral peduncles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ anterior part ู„ูˆ

222
00:17:14,610 --> 00:17:18,790
ุณุฃู„ุชูƒูˆุง ุณุคุงู„ ู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ู… large ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ู… small ุงู„

223
00:17:18,790 --> 00:17:23,130
posterior part ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† small ูˆ ุงู„ anterior part

224
00:17:23,130 --> 00:17:27,240
ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† largeูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ posterior part ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

225
00:17:27,240 --> 00:17:31,160
ุงู„ุชูƒุชู… ูŠุนุชุจุฑ small part ูˆ ุงู„ two cerebral bronches

226
00:17:31,160 --> 00:17:41,520
ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง a large part of midbrain ุงูˆู„

227
00:17:41,520 --> 00:17:47,680
ุดูŠ ู†ุฌุณู…ู‡ู… ู‡ูŠุงุฎุฏู†ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุฃูˆุถุญ

228
00:17:49,250 --> 00:17:54,710
OkayุŒ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Silvius

229
00:17:54,710 --> 00:17:59,990
Aqueduct ุฃูˆ Cerebral AqueductุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุจุชูˆุตู„ ู…ุง

230
00:17:59,990 --> 00:18:07,250
ุจูŠู† third ventricleุŒ ventricle

231
00:18:07,250 --> 00:18:14,530
ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ fourth ventricleุŒ ู…ุน fourthูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡

232
00:18:14,530 --> 00:18:19,210
ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ cellulose aqueduct ุชุฑุจุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„

233
00:18:19,210 --> 00:18:22,550
third ventricle ู…ุน ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ fourth ventricle ูˆ ุงูŠู‡

234
00:18:22,550 --> 00:18:30,010
ุจุชุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ midbrain ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ midbrain ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ู‚ุณู…ุช

235
00:18:30,010 --> 00:18:34,450
ุงู„ midbrain ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠ ุงุณู…ู‡

236
00:18:36,330 --> 00:18:41,130
ูˆู‡ุฐุง cerebral peduncles ..cerebral peduncles ูŠุจู‚ู‰

237
00:18:41,130 --> 00:18:46,410
ุฌุณู…ุชู†ุง ุงู„ a ู…ู† ุฅุจุฑูŠู„ุง ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ุชูƒุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ posterior

238
00:18:46,410 --> 00:18:53,650
ูˆcerebral peduncles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงูŠู‡ anterior ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„

239
00:18:53,650 --> 00:19:00,870
silvius aqueduct ุชู…ุงู… ุดูˆู

240
00:19:00,870 --> 00:19:02,770
ุนู„ู‰ transverse cut ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡

241
00:19:05,860 --> 00:19:12,660
ู‡ูŠ Transversal cut ู‡ุงูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ Silvias Aqueduct

242
00:19:12,660 --> 00:19:16,620
ุฑุงุญ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงูŠู‡?

243
00:19:18,300 --> 00:19:24,200
Cerebral ุงูˆ ุงู„ midbrain ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† Tectum

244
00:19:24,200 --> 00:19:30,500
ุงูŠู‡ุŸ Tectum ูˆ Cerebral Peduncles ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠู†

245
00:19:30,500 --> 00:19:36,290
ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„Tectum posterior part ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ

246
00:19:36,290 --> 00:19:42,470
cerebral peduncles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงูŠุด anterior part

247
00:19:42,470 --> 00:19:46,370
ู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ู… large ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ู… small ุชectum ูŠุนุชุจุฑ small

248
00:19:46,370 --> 00:19:52,950
ูˆ cerebral peduncles ูŠุนุชุจุฑ large ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ู…ูู‡ูˆู…

249
00:19:52,950 --> 00:19:56,810
ูƒูŠู ุฌุณู…ู†ุง ุงู„ midbrain ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ู„ anterior part ูˆ

250
00:19:56,810 --> 00:19:57,790
posterior part

251
00:20:03,420 --> 00:20:10,560
ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุงุฎุฏ ูƒู„ ุฌุฒุก ูˆ ู†ุดุฑุญู‡ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจ .. ุจุชูƒุชู… of

252
00:20:10,560 --> 00:20:17,120
midbrain ุชูƒุชู… of midbrain it is a smaller part of

253
00:20:17,120 --> 00:20:21,320
midbrain ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชูƒุชู… of midbrain ูŠุนุชุจุฑ smaller

254
00:20:21,320 --> 00:20:26,760
dorsal part of midbrain which is located posterior

255
00:20:26,760 --> 00:20:33,170
or behind ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€silvius ุงูˆ cerebralูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†

256
00:20:33,170 --> 00:20:38,870
ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† two superior calculi for vision ูˆ two

257
00:20:38,870 --> 00:20:42,390
inferior calculi for hearing ูˆ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุณู‡ู„ ูˆ ู…ุงููŠ

258
00:20:42,390 --> 00:20:47,250
ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ take down ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

259
00:20:47,250 --> 00:20:51,950
ุงู„ cut ุฃุฎุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ level inferior calculus ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง

260
00:20:51,950 --> 00:20:54,950
ู…ู‚ุทุน ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ level ุจุชุงุน superior

261
00:20:54,950 --> 00:20:59,430
calculus ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ mid brain

262
00:21:00,310 --> 00:21:05,010
ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ cerebral peduncles of midbrain

263
00:21:05,010 --> 00:21:12,710
it is largest part ุงูˆ larger ventral part which is

264
00:21:12,710 --> 00:21:17,330
located in front or anterior to the sylvia's

265
00:21:17,330 --> 00:21:20,870
aqueduct ุงูˆ cerebral aqueduct ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุช

266
00:21:20,870 --> 00:21:24,930
ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ูƒุงู… ุฌุฒุกุŸ ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุฃูˆู„ ุฌุฒุก ุงุณู…ู‡

267
00:21:24,930 --> 00:21:31,570
cross cerebralุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฌุฒุก ุงุณู…ู‡ุง substantia negra

268
00:21:31,570 --> 00:21:34,070
ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงุก ุชุงู„ุช ุฌุฒุก ุงุณู…ู‡

269
00:21:45,980 --> 00:21:52,680
ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงุณู…ู‡ cross cerebrae ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡

270
00:21:52,680 --> 00:21:57,700
substantia nigra ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงุณู…ู‡ pigmentum of

271
00:21:57,700 --> 00:22:02,980
midbrainOkayุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Cross ReparateุŸ

272
00:22:02,980 --> 00:22:07,360
ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ projection fibers Corticospinal tractุŒ

273
00:22:07,360 --> 00:22:11,380
Corticonuclear tract ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุณุจุณุชุงู†ุดูŠุง

274
00:22:11,380 --> 00:22:15,020
ู†ูŠุฌุฑุงุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุซู‚ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูˆุบุฑูŠ ู…ุทุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ

275
00:22:15,020 --> 00:22:20,020
ุจุงู„ extrapyramidal central nervous system ุชุนู…ู„ู†ุง

276
00:22:20,020 --> 00:22:25,300
production ู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู†ุŒ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏุซ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ูˆ ุญุฏุซ ู†ู‚ุต ูˆ

277
00:22:25,300 --> 00:22:30,380
degenerationููŠ ุงู„ substance negra ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู‚ู„ ุงู„

278
00:22:30,380 --> 00:22:35,660
production of dopamine ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฑุถ ุงุณู…ู‡ shaking

279
00:22:35,660 --> 00:22:40,860
palsy or parkinson disease ู…ุฑุถ ุดู„ู„ ุงู„ุฑุนุงุด ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุถ

280
00:22:40,860 --> 00:22:44,280
ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุณูŠุฑ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ู†ุฒู‡ู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡

281
00:22:44,280 --> 00:22:48,960
bloody kinase, oligokinase,mentation tremor ู‡ุฐุง

282
00:22:48,960 --> 00:22:52,700
ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุดู„ู„ ุงู„ุฑุนุงุด ู…ุฑุถ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุดู„ู„

283
00:22:52,700 --> 00:22:58,780
ุงู„ุฑุนุงุดTegmentum of midbrain ุงู„ุชุฌู…ูŠู†ุชูˆู… of midbrain

284
00:22:58,780 --> 00:23:03,260
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ ุงู„ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ oculomotor nerve

285
00:23:03,260 --> 00:23:08,340
ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ trochlear nerve ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ููŠู‡ุง

286
00:23:08,340 --> 00:23:12,260
ascending tract ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ sensation ุงู„ reticular

287
00:23:12,260 --> 00:23:15,860
formation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†

288
00:23:15,860 --> 00:23:18,860
ููŠ ุงู„ brain stem ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ regulation of

289
00:23:18,860 --> 00:23:22,340
consciousness level ู‡ูˆ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ูˆุนูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง

290
00:23:23,310 --> 00:23:31,390
ูˆุจุฌู‡ู† ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู†ุฌุณู…ู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ู†ุง ุฌุณู…ู†ุง ุงู„ midbrain

291
00:23:31,390 --> 00:23:39,650
ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ ุชูƒุชู… ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง

292
00:23:39,650 --> 00:23:45,190
ุชูƒุชู… ููŠู‡ superior ูˆ inferior calicular ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก

293
00:23:45,190 --> 00:23:50,630
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง

294
00:23:50,630 --> 00:23:51,110
ุงุชู†ูŠู†

295
00:23:56,110 --> 00:24:02,730
cerebral peduncles ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุฌุณู… ุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑูŠูˆ ูˆ

296
00:24:02,730 --> 00:24:06,910
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑูŠุจุฑุงู„ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุง

297
00:24:06,910 --> 00:24:13,930
ู†ุฌุณู… ุงู„cerebral peduncles ู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุฃูˆู„ ุฌุฒุก ุฑุงุญ

298
00:24:13,930 --> 00:24:18,310
ูŠูƒูˆู† cross

299
00:24:21,220 --> 00:24:28,240
cross cerebrae ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู…

300
00:24:28,240 --> 00:24:37,940
ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชูƒุชุจ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู…

301
00:24:37,940 --> 00:24:46,040
ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู…

302
00:24:46,040 --> 00:24:47,380
ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู…

303
00:24:47,380 --> 00:24:47,380
ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู…

304
00:24:47,380 --> 00:24:47,380
ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู…

305
00:24:47,380 --> 00:24:47,380
ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู…

306
00:24:47,380 --> 00:24:47,380
ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู…

307
00:24:47,380 --> 00:24:56,280
ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ A B C ู‡ุฐู‡

308
00:24:56,280 --> 00:25:03,060
ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุฉ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ posterior ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ anterior

309
00:25:03,060 --> 00:25:08,440
part of the midbrain ู„ุชุฌู…ูŠู†ุชู‡ู… cross reprise ูˆ

310
00:25:08,440 --> 00:25:13,860
substantia nigra ู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุญุฏุฏู†ุง ู„ูƒูˆุง ูˆ ุฌุณู…ู†ุง ุงู„

311
00:25:13,860 --> 00:25:18,320
midbrain ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ internalุงู„ู€ structures ูˆ

312
00:25:18,320 --> 00:25:23,080
ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ internal structures of

313
00:25:23,080 --> 00:25:30,360
midbrain ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ structures of the

314
00:25:30,360 --> 00:25:32,940
midbrain ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ internal structures ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฑุญ

315
00:25:32,940 --> 00:25:36,080
ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒูˆู„ุงู…ูˆุชุฑ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ูˆ ุชุฑูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ

316
00:25:36,080 --> 00:25:40,720
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ูŠู†ุชู… of midbrain ุฑูŠุฏ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

317
00:25:40,720 --> 00:25:44,220
ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅูƒุณุชุฑุงุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏู„ ู†ูŠุฑุจุงู„ุณูŠุณุชู… ู…ูŠุฒู†ุณูŠูุงู„ูŠูƒ

318
00:25:44,220 --> 00:25:48,840
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ of the trigeminal nerveุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ deep

319
00:25:48,840 --> 00:25:51,360
sensation ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ exception ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถุฉ ุชูƒูˆู†

320
00:25:51,360 --> 00:25:53,800
ููŠ ุงู„ bones ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู„ู… ุชุฌุช ููŠ ุงู„ bones ุงุฌุช ููŠ ุงู„

321
00:25:53,800 --> 00:25:57,160
midbrain ูˆุงุณู…ู‡ุง mesencephalic nucleus of

322
00:25:57,160 --> 00:26:00,720
trigeminal nerve for deep sensation inferior

323
00:26:00,720 --> 00:26:04,980
calculus ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ superior calculus ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†

324
00:26:04,980 --> 00:26:09,380
ููŠ ุชูƒุชู… of midbrain ุงู„ุณูˆุจุฑูŠูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„

325
00:26:09,380 --> 00:26:12,820
vision ูˆ inferior ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ hearingsubstantia

326
00:26:12,820 --> 00:26:16,780
nigra ู‡ุฐูŠ extrapyramidal center for production of

327
00:26:16,780 --> 00:26:20,820
dopamine ูˆ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏุซ deficiency ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ

328
00:26:20,820 --> 00:26:25,600
ู…ุฑุถ ุงุณู…ู‡ parkinson disease ุงูˆ shaking palsy ุดู„ุงู„

329
00:26:25,600 --> 00:26:29,870
ุงู„ุฑุนุงุด ุงู†ุง ููˆู‚ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ superior

330
00:26:29,870 --> 00:26:32,450
calculus ุชุญุชู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† inferior calculus ููŠ

331
00:26:32,450 --> 00:26:37,310
ุงู„ุชุฌู…ูŠู†ุชู… ููŠ ุงู„ oculomotor nerve ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ

332
00:26:37,310 --> 00:26:40,530
ููŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง motor ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ูˆ ููŠ danger ูˆ ุฅุณุชูุงู„ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ

333
00:26:40,530 --> 00:26:43,650
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูˆุฑุง sympathetic ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ oculomotor nerve

334
00:26:43,650 --> 00:26:47,290
ููŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† mesencephalic nucleus ููŠ

335
00:26:47,290 --> 00:26:51,600
substantia nigra ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ cerebral pedunclesูˆ

336
00:26:51,600 --> 00:26:56,060
ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุดุฑุญู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„

337
00:26:56,060 --> 00:26:59,420
trochlear nucleus ู‡ูŠ mesencephalic nucleus ุจุชูƒูˆู†

338
00:26:59,420 --> 00:27:04,120
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ tegmentum ุฌุฑูŠุจุฉ ุจูŠู† tegmentum of

339
00:27:04,120 --> 00:27:07,860
midbrain and tectum ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

340
00:27:07,860 --> 00:27:11,740
ุงู†ุง ุดุฑุญุชู„ูƒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ brainstem ูˆ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ุขุฎุฑ

341
00:27:11,740 --> 00:27:15,020
slide ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ anatomy and physiology of the

342
00:27:15,020 --> 00:27:18,220
brainstem ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุฃู„ู ุนุงููŠุฉ ูˆ ุฏูˆู…ุชู… ุจุฎูŠุฑ