PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/2xAJjb8Tl_E_raw.srt

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Today we are going to explain the proverbs in

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English and Arabic The proverbs of English and

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then the proverbs of Arabic. Are they equivalent

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to each other? What does the proverb mean? How

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could we translate the proverb? Is it translated

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word by word or is it translated as one unit? Does

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it refer to the tradition of the nation or is it

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normal speech? It's not normal speech. It refers

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to the traditions of the nation, the traditions of

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the community. It refers to facts. It refers to

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facts. So you need, if you need to translate the

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proverb of the English language or any of other

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languages, This means that you have to understand

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the culture of the language. You have to be

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familiar with the tradition of the native speakers

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of the language. Okay? Otherwise, you face

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difficulty in translation. Anyway, what's proverb?

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What does it mean proverb? According to Oxford

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dictionary,

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Proverb is a short saying in general use. It's a

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short saying. It's not a long saying. When I say,

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for example, stitch in time saves nine. Okay? For

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this proverb, it's very short, but gives

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sufficient

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meaning. Stitch in time saves nine. We have here

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three forms of translation. We have what is called

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formal translation, functional translation, and

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ideational translation.

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When I say for functional, for formal translation,

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al ghurza fi makaniha

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This is called formal translation. But if you

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speak about functional or ideational translation,

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stitch

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in

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time saves nine. Okay. So it's very far from the

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formal translation, the meaning of the individual

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words in the proverb. So it is taken as one unit.

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Okay. You have to take care in translation, once

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translating the proverb, not to translate

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literally. Okay. We have to think about the

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ideational translation and also functional

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translation. Anyway, we are going to touch the

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proverbs and see how could we have a shortcut way

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for the correct and perfect translation. Okay.

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Let's see. As I mentioned, the proof refers to the

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truth, refers to the tradition, refers to the

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facts. Okay?

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It comes as a group of words established by the

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usage and having a meaning not deducible from

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those of the individual words. The meaning cannot

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be deduced from the individual words of the

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proverb itself. Okay? But it gets the meaning from

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the whole meaning compared with the tradition and

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the culture of the language.

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So we have a proverb or a saying stating that if

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you need to know about any people, you must know

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their proverbs. Because the proverbs narrate the

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story of the nation, the tradition of the nation.

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Okay?

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Here, for example, we have different proverbs that

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refer to the culture of nations. The American

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tribes often reflect their view of the land as

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sacred. They love the land and they consider the

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land as sacred So they have the proverb, take only

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what you need and leave the land as you found it.

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So this proverb refers to the care on land. The

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love of land. This is the tradition of the

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Americans. some American tribes. The Japanese, for

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example, focus on morals. So we have their proverb

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stating, an evil deed remains with the evildoer.

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So their tradition focus on morals and discretion.

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So the tongue is like a sharp knife, it kills

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without drawing blood. If you just think deeply on

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these two preverbs, you find them speaking about

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morals.

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The first one speaks about the evil deeds and the

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evildoers. And the second example, the second

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proverb refers to the backbiting, namima, and the

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bad saying. Okay, so these are types of morals. So

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morals here are parts of the characteristics of

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the Japanese.

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The Mexican people also have their own values,

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mainly the rural people, okay?

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The average person on the street can

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have its own character reflected on the proverb

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itself. So the proverb refers to the hopes of

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those common people. So we have their proverb

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which states, hope dies last of all.

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So they live on hopes. These are the Mexicans. So

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we have the proverbs of Americans, Japanese and

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Mexicans. Okay?

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The Mexicans do not feel with any desperate

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feeling.

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They don't feel desperate at all. Okay? The

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Japanese focus on moral values. The American

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tribes love the land. So we have their proverbs

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referring to these ideas very clearly. This shows

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clearly that the proverb refers to facts, refers

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to the truth of the nation. It refers to the

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tradition. the history of the nation. If you need

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to understand the history of the nation, you have

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to refer or to consult their proverbs.

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Okay? So anyone who would like to touch our

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Palestinian culture must touch our proverbs. Okay?

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Because our popular proverbs reflect our own

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character, our own culture, our own civilization.

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This means that once you translate, you have not

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to look on words. You have to look on the general

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meaning compared with the culture of the people

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and to focus on the ideational translation, not

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the formal translation. Otherwise, you give

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another meaning.

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Okay. Now, if you look to the origin of the

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English proverbs, I can very, very simply state

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that the proverb has mostly unknown history. We

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don't know about the origin of lots of proverbs

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because these are sayings originally said by

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individuals then repeated by others and by the run

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of time they became as a sort of wisdom which

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changed to proverb. So they are repeated by people

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by the run of time and they are transferred from

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generation to another until reaching us. So we

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don't know the origin of these proverbs except

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some. Okay? We have some proverbs are derived from

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literature, for example, like the literature of

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Shakespeare in Medievals. We have some proverbs

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derived from the Bible. Some other proverbs are

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originally Latin or Greek or Portuguese. So they

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are borrowed from other languages. You have lots

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of Arabic proverbs available in English. You have

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lots of Arabic vocabulary available in English. We

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counted 10,000 words okay in English dictionary

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originally derived from Arabic so we have Arabic

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proverbs inserted in the English dictionary or the

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English proverbs okay we have a collection of

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proverbs available

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in many languages, but if you look to their

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origin, you find them already borrowed from other

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languages. Okay?

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So in general, we can assume that proverbs with

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more abstract type of wisdom began life in this

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way. Proverbs like the end justifies the means,

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which appears to have taken its bow in a 17th

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century. The ends justifies the means. الغاية تبرر

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الوسيلة Okay? So this is available or it was

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available in the 17th century theological

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treatise. Okay? Or the wish is further to the

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thought.

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Which as far as we know was first given expression

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to by Julius Caesar. or a soft answer turneth away

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wrath. This is directly driven from the Bible.

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Okay?

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But most of the proverbs are borrowed from other

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cultures. Okay? This is we speak about English

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proverbs.

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But it's very difficult to decide the source of

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the proverb itself. Some proverbs are originally

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derived or borrowed from Latin, French or Spanish.

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But there is no proof about that, about the origin

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of the proverb. We understand that this proverb is

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not English originally, maybe derived from other

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cultures, but we cannot say that this is Latin,

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this Portuguese, this, we just assume that. So we

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have some sort of assumptions, mostly about most

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of the proverbs.

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Here we have the proverbs derived from the Bible

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appear very clearly. Okay.

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Okay. We have the hardest free thinkers or thinker

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will show no hesitation in drawing upon them to

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illustrate a rational point. Any thinker relies on

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proverbs derived from the Bible. Completely like

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us, once you write, your composition or your

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essay, or you give a talk, you rely to the Holy

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Quran, to verses from the Holy Quran. Okay? And

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you rely to some discourse from the Prophet. Okay?

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So we have prophetic discourse and we have Quranic

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verses that are relied on for just exemplifying or

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solidifying our talk, or our speech, our writing,

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our expressions, for expressing a certain idea or

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for conveying a certain idea to the people. We

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rely on these sources. This corresponds to the

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Christians who rely on the Bible. for taking some

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proverbs. These proverbs originally are religious.

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Okay. So they are taken from the Bible, maybe from

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the Quran and from the holy books, other holy

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books.

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Once I say, for example, the spirit is willing,

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but the flesh is weak. العين بصيرة والإيد قصيرة

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This is a Biblical proverb. Okay? If we translate

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this formally, we come out with incorrect

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translation.

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It's quite difficult, quite far from the original

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meaning. So we rely on what is called ideational

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translation. Okay? Or functional translation. We

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have also some proverbs which are derived from

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literary sources, mainly Shakespeare. Okay? These

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proverbs are attributed to the products of

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Shakespeare and his plays. Cowards die many times

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before their deaths.

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Okay. Cowards die many times before their deaths.

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Here we have الجبناء يموت الجبناء عدة مرات قبل أن

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يموتوا. Okay. So this is patriotic proverb. It

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refers to patriotic meaning available in

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Shakespeare's writing, okay, while speaking about

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the nation or the people in the medieval age,

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in the 16th century. So he might speak about

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patriotism and nationalism here, He cited this

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example to show those wicked people, coward

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people, evil people who fear death and cannot

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sacrifice themselves for the sake of their nation,

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for the sake of their country. Okay? So this is

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literally proverb. So we have proverbs borrowed

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from other cultures Proverbs borrowed from the

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Bible and proverbs borrowed from literary sources

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like Shakespeare, for example.

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Now, we come to what's called interpretation. The

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interpretation of the proverb. How are proverbs to

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be interpreted? What's their full meaning? We

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understand that the real words of the proverb

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cannot give the exact and the specific meaning.

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Okay? But the proverb is taken as one unit. Okay?

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And we take the meaning as also one unit. This

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must be connected with the tradition or the

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culture of the language or say the community. So

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this means that if you need to translate or to

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interpret the proverb, you have not to look very,

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very deeply and very carefully to the words. You

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have to understand the meaning and the tradition

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and to assume or to predict the ideational meaning

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of the proverb. I mean the ideational you have to

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translate ideationally and you have to focus on

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ideational or at least functional translation. So

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we have the example a stitch in time saves nine.

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This is the literal translation

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As we translated just five minutes ago, غرزة في

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مكانها أو موعدها أفضل من تسعة. Okay? But this is

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not the correct translation, not the correct

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interpretation. A stitch in time saves nine was

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the literal truth the busy housewife had learned

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in looking after the family's clothes. Okay?

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So, I mean this one refers to house life. When I

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say التدبير نصف المعيشة We mean how to run your

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house, how to run your home life, how to run your

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living very systematically and carefully. Okay?

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And we can take the ideational translation, which

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refers to the treatment, how to care about your

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health. الوقاية خير من قنطار علاج

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We have the proverbs available in education.

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So we have a space for the proverb in the

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classroom. And this was available right from the

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10th century. Okay. We have this appear very

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clearly in the educational system or the British

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educational system.

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Most of the proverbs here may be taken from other

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languages like Latin. Okay. So we have many

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generations from children transfer this proverb

257
00:23:17,580 --> 00:23:20,980
which they take at school from one generation to

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another. Okay.

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00:23:28,340 --> 00:23:32,770
So To have a proper way of teaching, we can

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00:23:32,770 --> 00:23:36,890
introduce proverbs within our saying. To have a

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00:23:36,890 --> 00:23:40,110
proper essay, you can use a proverb or many

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00:23:40,110 --> 00:23:43,450
proverbs in your writing. The more you use

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proverbs, the more you solidify your writing, the

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more you reinforce your expressions, the more you

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clarify your idea. Okay? So the shortcut way for

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00:23:59,720 --> 00:24:05,820
the proper and solidified composition or essay is

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00:24:05,820 --> 00:24:10,440
the insertion of proverbs. The more you introduce

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00:24:10,440 --> 00:24:13,740
proverbs in your writing, the more you introduce

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00:24:13,740 --> 00:24:17,720
proverbs in your language, the more you are

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00:24:17,720 --> 00:24:24,200
expressive. Even in our culture, the guy who uses

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00:24:24,200 --> 00:24:29,080
more proverbs in his saying or her saying is

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looked to as a wise man. And he deserves listening

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00:24:35,020 --> 00:24:44,320
to listen to. He deserves listening to him. So we

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00:24:44,320 --> 00:24:51,900
respect. Or we pay high respect to those who use

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proverbs within their talk. Okay? Because we can

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00:24:57,060 --> 00:25:02,040
judge people not according to their appearance,

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but according to the language they produce, the

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speech they say. So the more you utter proverbs,

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00:25:11,960 --> 00:25:16,450
the more you use your sight proverbs, the more You

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00:25:16,450 --> 00:25:22,150
appear in the eyes of others as a

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00:25:22,150 --> 00:25:29,870
wise man or a wise lady. Okay? So you have lots of

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00:25:29,870 --> 00:25:33,530
blue verbs are of similar meanings. Once I say,

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00:25:33,610 --> 00:25:39,450
for example, once bitten twice shy. A paired child

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00:25:39,450 --> 00:25:45,950
dreads the fire. Parking dogs seldom bite. Enough

285
00:25:45,950 --> 00:25:50,510
is good as a feast. Many a little makes a nickel.

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00:25:51,690 --> 00:25:55,430
Okay. So you have the same, the same meaning.

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00:25:56,990 --> 00:26:01,250
Okay. These blue verbs, they differ in language.

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00:26:01,850 --> 00:26:04,890
They are very close to each other in meaning.

289
00:26:05,570 --> 00:26:12,760
Okay. We rely on them or on these blue verbs just

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00:26:12,760 --> 00:26:17,840
to solidify our own language.

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00:26:20,960 --> 00:26:32,240
We have here lots of blue verbs I need to cite and

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00:26:32,240 --> 00:26:33,480
to analyze with you.

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00:26:46,630 --> 00:26:49,030
Yes, pay attention please.

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00:26:57,530 --> 00:27:01,670
As we mentioned, we have three types of

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00:27:01,670 --> 00:27:05,110
translation for the proverbs. We have the formal,

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00:27:06,190 --> 00:27:10,670
functional, and ideational proverb.

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00:27:14,510 --> 00:27:19,910
The treaty has remained dead letter since then.

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00:27:22,130 --> 00:27:29,270
و بقيت المعاهدة حبرا على ورق. This is the

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00:27:29,270 --> 00:27:32,270
functional translation. But I need the formal

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00:27:32,270 --> 00:27:37,390
translation. و بقيت المعاهدة حرفا ميتا.

301
00:27:40,020 --> 00:27:44,460
حرفا ميتا so this is literal translation refers to

302
00:27:44,460 --> 00:27:48,540
the formal translation okay which in which we

303
00:27:48,540 --> 00:27:52,460
translate the proverb word by word but

304
00:27:52,460 --> 00:28:01,040
ideationally بقيت الاتفاقية دون تطبيق okay على

305
00:28:01,040 --> 00:28:06,380
الإطلاق لم تطبق الاتفاقية أو المعاهدة حتى الآن

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00:28:06,380 --> 00:28:08,300
okay

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00:28:10,270 --> 00:28:16,090
When I say, for example, out of the frying pan

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00:28:16,090 --> 00:28:20,230
into the fire. When I put it just in a sentence

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like Ali or Ali's decision to leave his job for a

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00:28:24,750 --> 00:28:29,270
new one was ill thought. Out of the frying pan

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00:28:29,270 --> 00:28:30,290
into the fire.

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00:28:34,650 --> 00:28:39,380
Just formally, we can say what we can say formally

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however

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00:28:53,120 --> 00:29:04,040
this

315
00:29:04,040 --> 00:29:13,490
translation is formal Okay. How could we translate

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00:29:13,490 --> 00:29:14,370
functionally?

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00:29:27,070 --> 00:29:31,110
Functional translation. Now I need educational

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00:29:31,110 --> 00:29:31,690
translation.

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00:29:34,230 --> 00:29:36,990
So what could we say? How could we translate this?

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00:29:48,110 --> 00:29:49,030
Okay,

321
00:30:00,790 --> 00:30:04,610
which is quite difficult. It's difficult to

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00:30:04,610 --> 00:30:11,690
understand. This is functional. It's quite

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00:30:11,690 --> 00:30:16,230
accepted. It's near to your understanding, to your

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00:30:16,230 --> 00:30:19,610
thoughts, to your mentality. However, once

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00:30:19,610 --> 00:30:24,020
speaking about صارت الأمور من سيئين إلى أسوأ

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00:30:24,020 --> 00:30:29,020
becomes very clear, can be understood by all types

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00:30:29,020 --> 00:30:32,460
of people regardless to their culture, by ordinary

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00:30:32,460 --> 00:30:37,480
people. So the example or say the proverb becomes

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00:30:37,480 --> 00:30:41,760
popular because it's easy to understand.

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00:30:49,990 --> 00:30:52,430
Like father, like son.

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00:30:59,410 --> 00:31:06,770
This is what? Functional translation. Formal

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00:31:06,770 --> 00:31:08,390
translation.

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00:31:10,210 --> 00:31:18,450
الولد لأبي. The girl is for her mom. البنت لأمه.

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00:31:19,200 --> 00:31:21,260
This is formal, functional.

335
00:31:24,800 --> 00:31:26,100
This is ideational.

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00:31:28,180 --> 00:31:34,900
So this

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00:31:34,900 --> 00:31:42,000
relates to our own Palestinian culture. Okay? A

338
00:31:42,000 --> 00:31:45,460
pear in the hand is worth two in the bush.

339
00:31:48,760 --> 00:31:51,920
Okay, so this is the ideational translation

340
00:31:51,920 --> 00:31:58,620
however formal translation action

341
00:31:58,620 --> 00:32:16,820
speaks or action speak louder than words okay

342
00:32:22,920 --> 00:32:26,140
Once I say the spirit is willing, but the flesh is

343
00:32:26,140 --> 00:32:30,040
weak. This is a Biblical proverb as we mentioned.

344
00:32:31,780 --> 00:32:35,060
This is ideational.

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00:32:41,580 --> 00:32:45,200
Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.

346
00:32:48,840 --> 00:32:53,000
This is ideational translation. It refers to our

347
00:32:53,000 --> 00:32:59,300
own culture. It's from our own dialect, from our

348
00:32:59,300 --> 00:33:01,460
own Palestinian dialect.

349
00:33:03,720 --> 00:33:07,160
A live dog is better than a dead lion.

350
00:33:21,150 --> 00:33:28,610
Okay. This is okay ideational translation. So this

351
00:33:28,610 --> 00:33:32,090
is, this refers to the culture, the Islamic

352
00:33:32,090 --> 00:33:37,650
culture. Is this from the Islamic culture? No,

353
00:33:37,770 --> 00:33:42,530
certainly no. This is directly driven from the

354
00:33:42,530 --> 00:33:45,250
Jewish culture. Yes.

355
00:33:54,220 --> 00:34:01,260
So they have this proverb in their culture. A live

356
00:34:01,260 --> 00:34:06,140
dog is better than a dead lion. You understand?

357
00:34:07,060 --> 00:34:07,940
Okay.

358
00:34:10,920 --> 00:34:13,120
After a storm comes calm.

359
00:34:17,480 --> 00:34:20,440
And the ideational translation is.

360
00:34:31,080 --> 00:34:37,540
So we have this is as ideational translation for

361
00:34:37,540 --> 00:34:38,340
the same proverb.

362
00:34:47,320 --> 00:34:55,860
Once I say, for example, Ali added

363
00:34:55,860 --> 00:35:00,940
insult to injury instead of solving the problem.

364
00:35:13,620 --> 00:35:18,240
Okay, this is functional translation. What about

365
00:35:18,240 --> 00:35:19,720
ideational translation?

366
00:35:46,280 --> 00:35:50,480
Okay, answer Fatima. Hanan or Fatima has wide

367
00:35:50,480 --> 00:35:52,940
experience in teaching.

368
00:35:56,820 --> 00:36:02,660
This is functional translation. Okay, ideational

369
00:36:02,660 --> 00:36:03,360
translation.

370
00:36:06,440 --> 00:36:09,280
Okay fine.

371
00:36:10,120 --> 00:36:16,360
So we have, as you see, Three types of translation

372
00:36:16,360 --> 00:36:22,340
for the proverb. Here we focus on the ideational

373
00:36:22,340 --> 00:36:26,180
translation or we can accept also the functional

374
00:36:26,180 --> 00:36:26,900
translation.

375
00:36:29,640 --> 00:36:30,720
Let's see.

376
00:36:44,110 --> 00:36:46,790
Once I say, don't cry over split milk.

377
00:36:50,150 --> 00:36:54,390
This is the formal translation. That problem is

378
00:36:54,390 --> 00:37:00,290
over, move on. Okay? It means that problem is

379
00:37:00,290 --> 00:37:06,810
over. Move on. Okay? Yani what happened, happened.

380
00:37:07,590 --> 00:37:12,850
Okay? Bimana elle fat, yani lit by guns, be by

381
00:37:12,850 --> 00:37:17,620
guns. Okay. Don't count your chickens until they

382
00:37:17,620 --> 00:37:23,340
are hatched. Wait for success to celebrate.

383
00:37:31,620 --> 00:37:37,720
With the

384
00:37:37,720 --> 00:37:39,720
cats away, the mice will play.

385
00:37:42,560 --> 00:37:46,680
This is the ideational translation. Some work only

386
00:37:46,680 --> 00:37:51,480
when the boss watches. Some work only when the

387
00:37:51,480 --> 00:37:56,880
boss watches. But once the boss is absent,

388
00:37:59,580 --> 00:38:05,400
this means that there will be no work. A penny

389
00:38:05,400 --> 00:38:07,760
saved is a penny earned.

390
00:38:12,820 --> 00:38:16,540
It means not spending is the same as earning

391
00:38:16,540 --> 00:38:16,960
money.

392
00:38:19,980 --> 00:38:22,940
Is this the ideational translation of the proverb?

393
00:38:29,240 --> 00:38:37,240
So this refers to saving money, okay? But you have

394
00:38:37,240 --> 00:38:37,860
to be generous.

395
00:38:40,480 --> 00:38:42,720
Biggers should not be choosers.

396
00:38:47,740 --> 00:38:52,180
Don't complain about free gifts. So once you have

397
00:38:52,180 --> 00:38:55,060
a gift, don't complain about it. You have to

398
00:38:55,060 --> 00:39:00,540
accept whatever it is. Okay?

399
00:39:03,440 --> 00:39:07,780
You can't lead a horse to water, but you can't

400
00:39:07,780 --> 00:39:13,270
make them You can lead a horse to water, but you

401
00:39:13,270 --> 00:39:19,310
can't make them drink. Okay? What does this mean?

402
00:39:19,590 --> 00:39:22,510
You can only help those who want help.

403
00:39:25,390 --> 00:39:26,030
Okay?

404
00:39:39,040 --> 00:39:45,980
Birds of a feather flock together. Birds over go

405
00:39:45,980 --> 00:39:52,240
together. Birds over go together. It's the same.

406
00:39:52,920 --> 00:40:01,580
The same verb. This is

407
00:40:01,580 --> 00:40:03,740
ideational translation.

408
00:40:11,220 --> 00:40:16,000
You can't have your cake and eat it too. What does

409
00:40:16,000 --> 00:40:16,420
this mean?

410
00:40:19,480 --> 00:40:25,580
You can't have your cake and eat it too. This is

411
00:40:25,580 --> 00:40:28,760
ideational translation. You can't use and save the

412
00:40:28,760 --> 00:40:29,480
same item.

413
00:40:38,800 --> 00:40:43,010
A parking dog A barking dog never bites.

414
00:40:47,410 --> 00:40:51,370
Many people talk without any action.

415
00:40:56,430 --> 00:41:00,630
Do we have equivalent proverb in our own culture?

416
00:41:02,810 --> 00:41:05,330
لا تقول ما لا تفعل

417
00:41:11,260 --> 00:41:16,960
It is similar to the verse in Surat As-Saff, I

418
00:41:16,960 --> 00:41:17,860
think.

419
00:41:25,340 --> 00:41:26,060
Okay,

420
00:41:31,220 --> 00:41:38,680
Rome wasn't built in a day. And be patient and

421
00:41:38,680 --> 00:41:39,580
keep struggling.

422
00:41:42,500 --> 00:41:47,060
بمعنى we have a proverb similar to it in our own

423
00:41:47,060 --> 00:41:51,220
culture. So it can be translated ideationally as

424
00:41:51,220 --> 00:42:01,880
فى التأنى سلامة وفى العجلة الندمة necessity

425
00:42:01,880 --> 00:42:10,110
is the mother of invention الحاجة أم الإختراع We

426
00:42:10,110 --> 00:42:12,810
create things once we need them.

427
00:42:22,390 --> 00:42:27,690
A fox smells its own layer first.

428
00:42:34,740 --> 00:42:37,960
If you are the first person to notice a fault in

429
00:42:37,960 --> 00:42:41,980
someone else because you have the same fault.

430
00:42:52,740 --> 00:42:56,100
It refers

431
00:42:56,100 --> 00:43:00,620
to

432
00:43:00,620 --> 00:43:04,930
the same line in the poem,

433
00:43:07,930 --> 00:43:14,950
لسانك لاتذكر بيه عورة عورة لسانك لاتذكر بيه عورة

434
00:43:14,950 --> 00:43:21,630
لسانك لاتذكر بيه عورة لسانك لتذكر بيه عورة لسانك

435
00:43:21,630 --> 00:43:22,230
لسانك لتذكر بيه عورة لسانك لسانك لتذكر بيه عورة

436
00:43:22,230 --> 00:43:28,730
لسانك لسانك لتذكر بيه عورة لسانك لسانك لسانك لتذكر

437
00:43:28,730 --> 00:43:29,670
بيه عورة لسانك لسانك لسانك لسانك لسانك لسانك لسانك

438
00:43:29,670 --> 00:43:29,670
لسانك لسانك لسانك لسانك لسانك لسانك لسانك لسانك

439
00:43:29,670 --> 00:43:33,050
لسانك لسانك لسانك لسانك لسانك لسانك I cited here

440
00:43:33,050 --> 00:43:39,650
more than 300 proverbs written to you. I am going

441
00:43:39,650 --> 00:43:44,270
to have these slides and this folder of proverbs

442
00:43:44,270 --> 00:43:48,670
on my webpage so you can have a look on them. You

443
00:43:48,670 --> 00:43:53,650
can read them, learn them by heart because it's

444
00:43:53,650 --> 00:43:58,210
very easy to translate them in future. We need to

445
00:43:58,210 --> 00:44:02,710
touch the proverbs next time once again to see

446
00:44:02,710 --> 00:44:06,090
these proverbs and translate them and we are going

447
00:44:06,090 --> 00:44:08,930
to touch the Arabic proverbs and how could we

448
00:44:08,930 --> 00:44:12,930
translate from Arabic to English. Okay, that's for

449
00:44:12,930 --> 00:44:14,050
today. Thank you.