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1
00:00:19,640 --> 00:00:24,180
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู† ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ 

2
00:00:24,180 --> 00:00:28,620
ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูˆุธูŠููŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ 

3
00:00:28,620 --> 00:00:34,460
ethers ุทุจุนุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู†ูƒู… ู‡ูŠุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู† ุงู„

4
00:00:34,460 --> 00:00:40,460
ethers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ROR ูŠุนู†ูŠ Oxygen 

5
00:00:40,460 --> 00:00:47,150
ู…ุญุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจูŠู† ุฐุฑุชูŠู† ุฃูˆ Oxygen ุจูŠู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุชูŠู† R ูˆูƒู„ูƒู… 

6
00:00:47,150 --> 00:00:53,550
ุงุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ Oxygen ุฑุงุจุทุชูŠู† ูˆุฒูˆุฌูŠู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช

7
00:00:53,550 --> 00:00:59,950
ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ ethers ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ุฃุจุณุท ู…ู† 

8
00:00:59,950 --> 00:01:04,390
ุงู„ ethers ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ุฃุจุณุท ู…ู† ุงู„ ethers ุดูˆ ู‡ู… 

9
00:01:04,390 --> 00:01:11,100
ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ ู…ูŠู† ูŠุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ููŠู‡ู…ุŸ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก

10
00:01:11,100 --> 00:01:16,260
ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู†ุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ ether ุจุฑุถู‡

11
00:01:16,260 --> 00:01:21,080
ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฒูˆุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ู‡ุฏูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ู…ูุงุฑ 

12
00:01:21,080 --> 00:01:31,320
ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช H H ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ R ูˆ H ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ 

13
00:01:31,320 --> 00:01:37,840
ููŠู‡ H ุงู„ ether R ูˆ R ุงู„ุงู† ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุจู…ู†ุทู‚ ุงู„ hydrogen

14
00:01:37,840 --> 00:01:43,740
bonding ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุชู†ุชูŠู† hydrogen bonding ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ 

15
00:01:43,740 --> 00:01:48,080
ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ hydrogen bonding ุงู„ ether 

16
00:01:48,080 --> 00:01:52,660
ู…ุงููŠุด hydrogen bonding ูˆ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง 

17
00:01:52,660 --> 00:01:57,660
ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุจู…ู†ุทู‚ ุงู„ polarity ู…ู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ polarity ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ 

18
00:01:57,660 --> 00:02:02,080
ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ ether ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ polarity 

19
00:02:02,080 --> 00:02:07,340
ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุจุชู†ุนูƒุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠุฉุŸ ุนู„ู‰ 

20
00:02:07,340 --> 00:02:11,460
ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุบู„ูŠุงู† ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ุนุงุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ 

21
00:02:11,460 --> 00:02:17,640
ุบู„ูŠุงู†ู‡ุง 100 ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ 78 ุงู„ ether ู„ูˆ ุงูุชุฑุถู†ุง ุงุซู„ ูˆ 

22
00:02:17,640 --> 00:02:22,080
ุงุซู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 37 

23
00:02:23,430 --> 00:02:30,190
ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุชู†ุงุณุจ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุบู„ูŠุงู† ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ุทุจูŠุฉ ูˆ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† 

24
00:02:30,190 --> 00:02:33,950
ุงู„ ether die ู…ุซู„ ether ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ ุฃูˆ ู…ุซู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุบุงุฒ

25
00:02:33,950 --> 00:02:38,930
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุบู„ูŠุงู†ู‡ ุฃู‚ู„ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ 

26
00:02:38,930 --> 00:02:45,510
ุบู„ูŠ ูˆ ุฎู„ุต ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ุฅูŠุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ุขู† ุฑุจู…ุง ู…ู† 

27
00:02:45,510 --> 00:02:48,790
ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ ether ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ ether ุงู„ ethyl o ethyl ุงู„ู„ูŠ 

28
00:02:48,790 --> 00:02:53,670
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ diethyl ether ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ ูƒ solvent 

29
00:02:53,670 --> 00:02:58,670
ู…ุฏูŠุฑ ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฎุฏูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุซู„ุง 

30
00:02:58,670 --> 00:03:01,850
ุจูŠุฎุฏุฑูˆุง ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุช 

31
00:03:01,850 --> 00:03:06,930
ูุงู„ ether they have been used as anesthetics ุงู„ุขู† 

32
00:03:06,930 --> 00:03:11,720
ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู†ุณู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุณุจู‚ ุงู†ู†ุง 

33
00:03:11,720 --> 00:03:17,820
ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ู… ูˆ ู†ุถู„ู†ุง ุงู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠู† ุญุงู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ ethers ูˆ ู‡ูŠ

34
00:03:17,820 --> 00:03:22,980
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ diethyl ether ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡

35
00:03:22,980 --> 00:03:26,540
ethyl ether ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู„ุบูŠู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ethylุŒ dieุŒ ุจู…ุดูŠ 

36
00:03:26,540 --> 00:03:32,140
ูŠุนู†ูŠ diethyl ether ูˆ ethyl ether ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู„ุญุธูˆุง 

37
00:03:32,140 --> 00:03:36,440
ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู† ุฎูˆุงุตู‡ much less polar than alcohols

38
00:03:37,210 --> 00:03:40,210
ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ hydrogen bonding

39
00:03:40,210 --> 00:03:44,130
ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู† ุฎูˆุงุตู‡ not soluble in water

40
00:03:44,130 --> 00:03:49,430
ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ solubility ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ are groups ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุงููŠุด 

41
00:03:49,430 --> 00:03:52,510
ููŠู‡ hydrogen bonding ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ polar ูˆ likeุŒ 

42
00:03:52,510 --> 00:03:56,730
dissolvesุŒ likeุŒ ู„ู‡ lower melting point ูˆ boiling

43
00:03:56,730 --> 00:04:01,130
point ุฃูˆ boiling temperatures than alcohol ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุตุญ 

44
00:04:03,220 --> 00:04:08,200
ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุถูŠู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุดุบู„ุฉ chemically inert ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎุงู…ู„ 

45
00:04:08,200 --> 00:04:14,940
ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุง ุชูุงุนู„ุงุชู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุฃู…ู„

46
00:04:14,940 --> 00:04:18,900
ูƒู„ ุฃู…ู„ ุงู† ู†ุฎู„ุต ูƒู„ ุงู„ chapter ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ

47
00:04:18,900 --> 00:04:21,560
ุนู† ุงู„ kings ูˆ ุงู„ quills ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชูุงุนู„ ุนู„ู‰

48
00:04:21,560 --> 00:04:28,180
ุงู„ ethers ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุถุญุŸู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ู…ู† 

49
00:04:28,180 --> 00:04:32,340
ุฎู„ุงู„ MH ูˆ ู„ุง OH ูˆ ู„ุง C double bond O ูˆ ู„ุง double

50
00:04:32,340 --> 00:04:35,760
bond ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง active groups ุงู„ู„ูŠ

51
00:04:35,760 --> 00:04:39,460
ุจุชูŠู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุด ู…ุชูˆูุฑ ูˆูŠู†

52
00:04:39,460 --> 00:04:44,380
ููŠ ุงู„ ethers ูŠุถุงู ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ all are very flammable 

53
00:04:45,250 --> 00:04:50,010
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงุดุชุนู„ูˆุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุณุฑูŠุน ุฌุฏุง ุฒูŠ ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ูˆ

54
00:04:50,010 --> 00:04:54,950
ูˆู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุฃูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุฏู…ุฌูˆุง

55
00:04:54,950 --> 00:05:00,090
ุงู„ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ู„ู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุบู„ูŠุงู† ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ 

56
00:05:00,090 --> 00:05:07,230
ุจุชุจุฎุฑ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ูˆ ู‚ุงุจู„ ู„ู„ุงุดุชุนุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ

57
00:05:07,230 --> 00:05:11,770
ูŠู…ุซู„ ุฎุทุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุงู† ุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจู†ุฒูŠู†

58
00:05:11,770 --> 00:05:15,630
burner ู…ูˆู„ุนุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ูˆุนุงุก ููŠู‡ 

59
00:05:15,630 --> 00:05:19,610
ether ู…ูุชูˆุญ ุงู„ ether ู†ูุณู‡ ุจุชุจุฎุฑ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง 

60
00:05:19,610 --> 00:05:23,170
ู…ุฑุงุช ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุจุฎุฑ 

61
00:05:23,170 --> 00:05:27,030
ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุฑุชูุนุช ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุจุฎุฑ 

62
00:05:27,030 --> 00:05:32,020
ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆ ุงู„ ether ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ููŠู†ุงุนุฑู ู…ูƒุงู† ุชุงู†ูŠ it

63
00:05:32,020 --> 00:05:36,000
can catch fire ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุดุชุนู„ ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„

64
00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:41,060
ุญุฑูŠู‚ ูุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ ether ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฐุฑ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ 

65
00:05:41,060 --> 00:05:46,440
very flammable ูˆ ู„ู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุบู„ูŠุงู† ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู†ูˆุฌุฏ

66
00:05:46,440 --> 00:05:51,500
.. ุจูŠุชุจุฎุฑ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ูˆู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช

67
00:05:51,500 --> 00:05:56,240
ุฃูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชู†ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุน 

68
00:05:56,240 --> 00:06:04,050
ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฐุฑ ุงู„ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ ethersุŸ ููŠ ุฅู†ุง 

69
00:06:04,050 --> 00:06:08,670
ู†ุธุงู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุดุงุฆุน ุงู„ common nomenclature 

70
00:06:08,670 --> 00:06:12,710
ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ูˆ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ 

71
00:06:12,710 --> 00:06:17,990
ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ YL ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„

72
00:06:17,990 --> 00:06:20,470
ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„

73
00:06:20,470 --> 00:06:26,330
ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„

74
00:06:26,330 --> 00:06:26,970
ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ 

75
00:06:26,970 --> 00:06:30,750
ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ุจู‚ูˆู„ die ethyl ether ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู†

76
00:06:30,750 --> 00:06:35,210
ุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ethyl ether ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฎุชุตุฑ ุงู„ die ู…ุซู„ ูˆ ู…ุซู„ุŒ 

77
00:06:35,210 --> 00:06:41,030
die ู…ุซู„ ether ูู†ู„ ูˆ ูู†ู„ุŒ die ูู†ู„ ether ุงู„ุงู† ุทุจ ู„ูˆ 

78
00:06:41,030 --> 00:06:44,450
ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ ether ุงู„ู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุชูŠู†

79
00:06:44,450 --> 00:06:48,110
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ oxygena ูˆู‡ู†ุง

80
00:06:48,110 --> 00:06:53,920
ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุชูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ Symmetric Ether ู…ุชู…ุงุซู„

81
00:06:53,920 --> 00:06:59,700
ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ูŠุฎุชู„ููˆุง Unsymmetric Ether ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุงุฌู‡ุช ุฃุฐูƒุฑ

82
00:06:59,700 --> 00:07:04,840
ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุชูŠู† alphabetically ูŠุนู†ูŠ Ether ููŠู‡ ุฅุซู„ ูˆ ู…ุซู„

83
00:07:04,840 --> 00:07:13,080
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฅุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ุฅุซุฑ ุฅุจุฑูˆุจู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆ ุชูŠุฑุชุดุงุฑ ุจูŠูˆุชู„ 

84
00:07:14,280 --> 00:07:27,560
ุชุฑุชุดูŠุฑ ุจูŠูˆุชู„ ุจุฑูˆุจู„ ุฅูŠุซุงุฑ ุชุฑุชุดูŠุฑ

85
00:07:27,560 --> 00:07:28,240
ุจูŠูˆุชู„ ุจุฑูˆุจู„ ุฅูŠุซุงุฑ ุชุฑุชุดูŠุฑ ุจูŠูˆุชู„ ุจุฑูˆุจู„ ุฅูŠุซุงุฑ ุชุฑุชุดูŠุฑ

86
00:07:28,240 --> 00:07:33,600
ุจูŠูˆุชู„ ุจุฑูˆุจู„ ุฅูŠุซุงุฑ ุชุฑุชุดูŠุฑ ุจูŠูˆุชู„ ุจุฑูˆุจู„ ุฅูŠุซุงุฑ

87
00:07:39,540 --> 00:07:45,680
ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุด ุชุนุฌุฒูˆุง ุงู„ ether ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู† ุทุงู„ุน

88
00:07:45,680 --> 00:07:49,940
ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุชู„ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุดุทุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญูุธ 

89
00:07:49,940 --> 00:07:57,840
ุงู„ู…ุฌููˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ tertiary butylcarbon ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ

90
00:07:57,840 --> 00:08:04,700
ู…ุซู„ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ isopropyl carbon CH ู…ุชุตู„ุฉ ุจุงุชู†ูŠู† 

91
00:08:04,700 --> 00:08:11,280
ู…ุซู„ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง 

92
00:08:11,280 --> 00:08:18,320
ุฏู„ุจูˆ ูˆุงุถุญ ูู‡ูŠ tertiary butyl isopropyl ether ุงุญู†ุง

93
00:08:18,320 --> 00:08:22,560
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุชูŠุฑุชุดุงุฑูŠ ุจูŠูˆุชู„ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฑู ุงู„ ุจูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง

94
00:08:22,560 --> 00:08:27,140
ุดุฑุญู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงุฐุง ุดูู†ุง ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ ethers ูƒุฐู„ูƒ

95
00:08:27,140 --> 00:08:31,380
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒูˆููŠู†ูŠู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุท ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู†

96
00:08:31,380 --> 00:08:32,300
ุงู„ู…ุฎุตูˆู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง 

97
00:08:42,010 --> 00:08:47,110
ูˆู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ die methyl ether ุงุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ุงุซุฑ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง

98
00:08:47,110 --> 00:08:50,810
ู‚ูˆู„ุช ู…ุฑุงุช ุจูŠุญุทู‡ู… ู…ุด ู…ุฑุชุจูŠู† alphabetical ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃุตุญ

99
00:08:50,810 --> 00:08:55,090
ุชุญุทู‡ู… alphabetical ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุตุญ ุชูƒุชุจูˆู‡ ุงุซู„

100
00:08:55,090 --> 00:09:00,110
ู…ุซู„ ุงุซุฑ ุฎู„ูˆ ุงู„ E ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ M ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ ether ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„

101
00:09:00,110 --> 00:09:07,410
CH2Cl ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ูƒู„ูˆุฑูˆู…ูŠุซู„ CH2Cl ูƒู„ูˆุฑูˆู…ูŠุซู„ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงุซู„ ุงุซู„

102
00:09:07,410 --> 00:09:15,930
ุงุซู„ Ether ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ common 

103
00:09:15,930 --> 00:09:21,070
nomenclature ุงู„ุงู† ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู…ุนุงูƒ ุดุฑุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุดุฑุท

104
00:09:21,070 --> 00:09:24,730
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† 

105
00:09:24,730 --> 00:09:28,010
ู„ู‡ู… ุงุณู…ุงุก ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ

106
00:09:28,010 --> 00:09:31,810
ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ุง ุงูŠุฌู„ูŠู„ุง ู…ุซู„ ุฅูŠุซู„ ุจุฑูˆุจู„ ุงูŠุฒูˆุจุฑูˆุจู„ ุชูŠุฑุชุดุฑ

107
00:09:31,810 --> 00:09:38,800
ุจูŠูˆุชู„ ู„ุญุฌู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู†ุง ุจูƒู„ูˆุฑูˆ ู…ุซู„ .. ุจู†ู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจ ..ุฃู‚ู„ 

108
00:09:38,800 --> 00:09:46,290
ุงู„ ether ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒู… ุงุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุบู„ุงุช ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ

109
00:09:46,290 --> 00:09:51,030
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ูƒุจุฑ ูˆููŠ ุงูŠุซุฑ ุงูŠุซุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡

110
00:09:51,030 --> 00:09:55,610
ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู†ุฉ ุจูŠู† ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ุชูŠู† ูˆุงุฌูŠุชู‡ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฑุฌุน ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ

111
00:09:55,610 --> 00:10:02,770
ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ cane ุนุงุฏูŠ ุงุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงุทูˆู„ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงุทูˆู„ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ 

112
00:10:02,770 --> 00:10:08,310
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุจุฑูˆุจูŠู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูŠูˆุชูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจู†ุชูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง 

113
00:10:08,310 --> 00:10:13,780
ุทูŠุจ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงุทูˆู„ ุงุทูˆู„ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑูƒุจ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง 

114
00:10:13,780 --> 00:10:17,180
ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ carbon ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุจุฑูˆุจู„ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง carbon 

115
00:10:17,180 --> 00:10:21,920
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุฃุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู„ุจุฑูˆุจู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุชุฎูŠู„ ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง 

116
00:10:21,920 --> 00:10:26,580
ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุงู†ุช Cl ู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ูˆุงุญุฏ 

117
00:10:26,580 --> 00:10:33,420
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ูˆ ุฅู† ูƒู„ูˆุฑูˆ ุจุฑูˆุจู„ ุจุฏูƒูˆุง ุชุญุฏุฏูˆุง

118
00:10:33,420 --> 00:10:38,620
ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุด ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ุงูˆ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ ุฃูˆ 

119
00:10:38,620 --> 00:10:40,780
ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุงุณู… ู…ุซูˆูƒุณูŠ 

120
00:10:43,660 --> 00:10:52,760
ู…ุซู„ ุง ุง ู…ุซูˆูƒุณูŠ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุง ุงุซู„ ุงุซูˆูƒุณูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุง 

121
00:10:52,760 --> 00:10:57,660
ูู†ู„ ู…ุซูˆูƒุณูŠ

122
00:10:57,660 --> 00:11:04,080
ู…ุซู„ ุง ุงุซูˆูƒุณูŠ ุงุซู„

123
00:11:04,080 --> 00:11:10,420
ุงูู†ูˆูƒุณูŠ ูู†ู„ ุงูุฑูˆุจูˆูƒุณูŠ 

124
00:11:13,650 --> 00:11:22,270
ู‡ูŠุจุฑูˆุจูŠู„ ุงูˆ ุงุจูŠูˆุชูƒุณูŠ ุงุจูŠูˆุชู„ ุงูˆ and so on ูˆุงุถุญ

125
00:11:22,270 --> 00:11:27,350
ูุจู†ุทูˆู„ ุฃุทูˆู„ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ

126
00:11:27,350 --> 00:11:31,190
ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ู‡ุงูŠ ูƒุงุฑุจูˆู† ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุฃุทูˆู„ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง 

127
00:11:31,190 --> 00:11:37,540
ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุฅูŠุด ุฅูŠุซุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŸุฃูˆ ู…ุซู„ 

128
00:11:37,540 --> 00:11:43,040
ู…ุซูˆูƒุณูŠ ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงูƒู„ูˆุฑ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง one chloro

129
00:11:43,040 --> 00:11:49,840
one methoxy ุงุซุงู† ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ carbon 234 ุจูŠูˆุชูŠู† 

130
00:11:49,840 --> 00:11:56,560
ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู…ุฑู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุชู„ุช ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ุนู‡ ุจุฑูˆุจูˆูƒุณูŠ 

131
00:11:56,560 --> 00:12:02,810
ุจุฑูˆุจูˆูƒุณูŠ ุชู„ุช ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ุนู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฅูŠุซุงู†ูˆู„ ุงู„

132
00:12:02,810 --> 00:12:07,230
alcohol ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ ether ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† 

133
00:12:07,230 --> 00:12:12,330
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุจ ูˆุงู†ุฏ ูŠูˆุชุงู†ูˆู„ ุถุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ 

134
00:12:12,330 --> 00:12:17,990
ู†ู…ุฑู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญู…ู„ู‡ุงุŸู…ุด ุงุชูˆูƒุณูŠ ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ูˆ

135
00:12:17,990 --> 00:12:23,730
ุงุชูˆูƒุณูŠ ุชู…ุงู… ุญู…ู„ุฉ ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุญู…ูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰

136
00:12:23,730 --> 00:12:27,510
ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุนูˆู† ุงู„ organic ุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ุง ุจูŠู† 

137
00:12:27,510 --> 00:12:31,550
ุฌุณูŠู† ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง

138
00:12:31,550 --> 00:12:36,490
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู†ุญุทุช ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู† ุฌุณูŠู† ุตุงุฑ ูƒุงู… 

139
00:12:36,490 --> 00:12:40,410
ู†ุธุงู… ุชุฑู‚ูŠู… ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู†ุธุงู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุงุตู„ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† 

140
00:12:40,410 --> 00:12:43,890
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ู„ูˆ ุงุฌุชู‡ุง ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ one

141
00:12:43,890 --> 00:12:49,570
prime ุฅูƒู„ูˆุฑูˆ ุฅูŠุซูˆูƒุณ ู„ูˆ ุฅุฌุช ู‡ู†ุง two prime ุฅูƒู„ูˆุฑูˆ

142
00:12:49,570 --> 00:12:52,890
ุฅูŠุซูˆูƒุณ ูˆ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฎุชุตุฑูˆุง ุงู„ prime ู„ูƒู† 

143
00:12:52,890 --> 00:12:59,190
ุงู„ุฃุญุณู† ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุธุงู… ุชุฑู‚ูŠู… ุฃู†ู‡

144
00:12:59,190 --> 00:13:05,070
ูŠุญุท ุฅูŠุด ู„ prime ูˆุงุถุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูƒุฒ ู…ุนุงูƒูˆุง 

145
00:13:05,070 --> 00:13:12,140
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุธุงู… ุชุฑู‚ูŠู… ููŠ 

146
00:13:12,140 --> 00:13:15,980
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุซุงู„ูŠู† ุนู†ุฏ 

147
00:13:15,980 --> 00:13:20,460
ุงู„ู„ุฒูˆู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุซุงู„ ู…ู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Ethers ูˆ ู…ุซุงู„ ู…ู† 

148
00:13:20,460 --> 00:13:27,920
ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€ H ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฑู‚ูŠู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุนู…ู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 

149
00:13:27,920 --> 00:13:35,300
ู†ุธุงู… ุชุฑู‚ูŠู… ู„ูˆ ูŠุง ุชูˆุฑุง ุฃุนุทูŠุชูƒู… ุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ 

150
00:13:35,300 --> 00:13:44,270
ูƒุชุจุช ู‡ู†ุง OH ูˆ ูƒุชุจุช ู‡ู†ุง Z ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง PR ู†ูุชุฑุถ ู‡ุฐุง 

151
00:13:44,270 --> 00:13:50,710
ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุฌุงูŠู†ุง ุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูุถู„ ุดูŠุก

152
00:13:50,710 --> 00:13:57,590
ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ ูƒุงู„ูƒูŠู† ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุฃุทูˆู„ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ูˆ ุฃุทูˆู„ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุญุงู…ู„ุฉ 

153
00:13:57,590 --> 00:14:06,330
OH ุฅุฐุง ู‡ูƒุณุงู†ูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ all ุนุดุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ุชุฑู‚ูŠู… 1,2

154
00:14:06,330 --> 00:14:12,190
,3,4,5,6 ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

155
00:14:12,190 --> 00:14:20,110
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุณู…ูˆู‡ two hexanol ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„

156
00:14:20,110 --> 00:14:27,310
two ุชุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑู‚ูŠู… ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุทุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ 

157
00:14:27,310 --> 00:14:33,870
ุฅุฌุช ุจู†ุฒูŠู†ุฉ ูƒุงู† ูƒู„ ูƒุดุงุทุฑูŠู† four phenyl two hexanol 

158
00:14:33,870 --> 00:14:39,030
ู…ุด ู‡ุชุชุบู„ุจูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุฒูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ูŠ four phenyl two

159
00:14:39,030 --> 00:14:45,010
hexanol ุงู„ุขู† ุฅุฌุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุฑูˆู… ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ

160
00:14:45,010 --> 00:14:48,150
ุนู„ู‰ four ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ four ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง 

161
00:14:48,150 --> 00:14:57,370
ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุธุจุทุงู‡ ุงุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุชุฑู‚ูŠู… ุชุงู†ูŠ three 

162
00:14:57,370 --> 00:15:03,090
bromophenyl ุตุงุฑุช ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŸ ุงู‡ three

163
00:15:03,090 --> 00:15:06,270
bromophenyl

164
00:15:06,270 --> 00:15:09,470
three

165
00:15:09,470 --> 00:15:14,580
bromophenyl two hexanol ุงู„ุงู† ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูƒู… ู†ุธุงู…

166
00:15:14,580 --> 00:15:18,780
ุชุฑู‚ูŠู… ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ุช ุญุชู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุชุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ู… ูƒูŠู 

167
00:15:18,780 --> 00:15:22,820
ุตุงุฑูˆุง ูˆุงุถุญูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ four ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู‡ุงู† ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ

168
00:15:22,820 --> 00:15:26,300
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุณูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ 

169
00:15:26,300 --> 00:15:32,460
ุงู„ุณู†ุณู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุชุฑู‚ูŠู… ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุจ ู„ู‡ุฐุง 

170
00:15:32,460 --> 00:15:37,000
ุงู„ุชุฑู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ูƒุงุชุจู‡ ุจุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุฅู† ุฃุญุทู„ู‡ ุฅูŠุด

171
00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:44,720
ุงู„ู€ prime ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู…ู†ุนุด ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฒุงู… ููŠู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† 

172
00:15:44,720 --> 00:15:50,520
ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒู…ุงู† ุชุงู„ุช ูˆ ุจุงุฌูŠุชู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุญุทู„ู‡ double prime

173
00:15:50,520 --> 00:15:56,720
ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุฃุตุนุจ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃู…ู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ุฅูŠุด 

174
00:15:56,720 --> 00:15:58,440
ูˆุงุถุญ ุนู†ุฏูƒู…

175
00:16:04,790 --> 00:16:11,250


223
00:21:04,730 --> 00:21:09,810
ุงู„ุงู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ ethers ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ูƒู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ุฎุฏุฑุฉ 

224
00:21:09,810 --> 00:21:14,670
anesthetics ูˆุงู„ุงู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุงุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ 

225
00:21:14,670 --> 00:21:17,450
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุงุช floro ูˆ chloro ุจู†ุงู‡ุงุด ู†ุญูุธู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ 

226
00:21:17,450 --> 00:21:20,790
penanthrene ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ floro ูˆ chloro

227
00:21:20,790 --> 00:21:25,810
enanthrene ุชุณุชุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฎุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ุทุจูŠ ุงู„ halogenated 

228
00:21:25,810 --> 00:21:28,970
ethers they are common anesthetics anesthetics 

229
00:21:28,970 --> 00:21:33,650
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฎุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ุทุจูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู†ุชุจู‡ ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ 

230
00:21:33,650 --> 00:21:37,830
ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ู†ูุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„

231
00:21:37,830 --> 00:21:42,410
ether ุฅุฐุง ุฎุฒู†ุง ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ู†ูุชุญ ุงู„

232
00:21:42,410 --> 00:21:49,650
bottle ูˆ ูŠุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ oxygen ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุชูุฌุฑุฉ peroxide 

233
00:21:49,650 --> 00:21:54,530
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุฌูŠ ูŠุณุฎู„ู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ 

234
00:21:54,530 --> 00:21:59,950
ุนู„ู‰ ุณุฎุงู† ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠ ู…ุบู„ู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ tablet ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡

235
00:21:59,950 --> 00:22:04,380
ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุชูุฌุฑุฉ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ูŠู†ูุฌุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ 

236
00:22:04,380 --> 00:22:08,320
ุงู„ู…ุชูุฌุฑุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุฅูŠุซุฑ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ 

237
00:22:08,320 --> 00:22:13,800
Diethyl Ether ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุฎุฒู† ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุจุชูุนู„

238
00:22:13,800 --> 00:22:18,600
ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฑูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง

239
00:22:18,600 --> 00:22:23,680
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฏ ุงูŠุด ู…ุงู„ู‡ุŸ Explosive ุงู„ุขู† ุญุณุจ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ 

240
00:22:23,680 --> 00:22:28,280
ุงู„ุฎุฒุงู†ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุงุชุฎุฒู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฌูˆ ุณูŠุก ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ peroxide 

241
00:22:28,280 --> 00:22:32,640
ูˆูŠุชุฑุณุจ ูˆ ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุจุนูŠู†ูƒู… ุงู† ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ุจูˆุชู„ ุงู„ ether

242
00:22:32,640 --> 00:22:37,260
ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏุงูŠุจ ูˆู…ุง

243
00:22:37,260 --> 00:22:41,610
ุชุดูˆููˆุด ุจุงู„ุนูŠู†ูŠู† ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุญูˆุงู„ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุญูˆู„ูˆุง ู„ุฌุฒุก ุนู…ู„ูŠ 

244
00:22:41,610 --> 00:22:44,650
ุงูˆ ุจุชุงุฎุฏูˆุง ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุฌุฒุก ุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ 

245
00:22:44,650 --> 00:22:48,530
ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ูƒูŠู ู†ูุญุต ุงู„ ether ูƒูŠู ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง 

246
00:22:48,530 --> 00:22:53,690
ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุชุชุนู„ู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ 

247
00:22:54,160 --> 00:22:58,620
ุฃุดุชุบู„ุช ุจูƒุงู„ูˆุฑูŠูˆุณุŒ ู…ุงุฌุณุชูŠุฑุŒ ุจุงุญุซ ููŠ ุฅูŠุซุฑ ุชุณุฎูŠู†ุŒ ููŠ

248
00:22:58,620 --> 00:23:02,740
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุฎุฏูˆุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฅู† ุงู„ุฅูŠุซุฑ ููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ ุฎุทุฑ ุฃู† 

249
00:23:02,740 --> 00:23:06,820
ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ุชูุฌุฑุฉ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูƒูˆุง ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ูˆ

250
00:23:06,820 --> 00:23:10,820
ุชุณุฎู†ูˆุง ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุซุฑ ุงุฑุฌุนูˆุง ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ูƒุชุจ 

251
00:23:10,820 --> 00:23:16,130
ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุจุฏู„ูƒู… ุจุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูƒูŠู ุชุชุฃูƒุฏูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ

252
00:23:16,130 --> 00:23:19,850
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ูˆ ู„ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูƒูŠู ุชุชุฎู„ุตูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ูƒู„ 

253
00:23:19,850 --> 00:23:23,350
ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูƒู† ุฎู„ูˆุง ููŠ ุฐู‡ู†ูƒูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„

254
00:23:23,350 --> 00:23:27,950
ether ู…ุน ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ูˆ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ oxygen ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุฅูŠุด 

255
00:23:27,950 --> 00:23:36,090
explosive materials ุงู„ุงู† ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุญุถุฑ ุงู„ ethers ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง

256
00:23:36,090 --> 00:23:42,310
ุงุญู†ุง ุชุญุถูŠุฑ ู„ู„ ethers ู„ู…ุง ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ุงู„ alkenes ูˆ ุงู„

257
00:23:42,310 --> 00:23:48,250
alcohols ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ alcohol ู„ูˆ ุณุฎู†ุงู‡ ุนู†ุฏ 180 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ

258
00:23:48,250 --> 00:23:54,460
ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุญุฐู ู„ู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุงู„ูƒูŠู† ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ 140 

259
00:23:54,460 --> 00:23:59,520
ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ ether ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ

260
00:23:59,520 --> 00:24:03,300
ููŠ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ alcohols ุงุฐุง ุงู„ ethers they can be

261
00:24:03,300 --> 00:24:07,000
prepared from alcohols ุทุจุนุง ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ether 

262
00:24:07,000 --> 00:24:11,450
ู‡ู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ symmetrical ethers ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ุฅู† ุฅูŠุซุงู†ูˆู„

263
00:24:11,450 --> 00:24:15,450
ูŠู‡ุงุฌู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุซุงู†ูˆู„ ูˆูŠูู‚ุฏ ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุณุงุจู‚

264
00:24:15,450 --> 00:24:20,190
ูˆุถุญุชู‡ุง ุฅูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุซุงู†ูˆู„ ุฒูŠ ุฅูŠุซุงู†ูˆู„ ูŠุฎุต ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ 

265
00:24:20,190 --> 00:24:24,770
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฑูŠุฏู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฒู†ุฉุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุฃูƒุชุจ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ H2O 

266
00:24:24,770 --> 00:24:29,110
ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุฌุฒุก ูŠู‡ุงุฌู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ูˆูŠุทู„ุน ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ 

267
00:24:29,110 --> 00:24:34,880
ุฅูŠุซุฑ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ symmetrical ether ุงู† ุงู„ุงุซุงู†ูˆู„ 

268
00:24:34,880 --> 00:24:39,720
ุงุชูุนู„ ู…ุน ู†ูุณู‡ ุทูŠุจ ูŠุง ุชูˆุฑุง ุงู„ุงู† ุจูŠุฌูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู„ูˆ

269
00:24:39,720 --> 00:24:45,320
ุจุฏูŠ un symmetrical ether ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ether ููŠ ุงุซู„ ูˆ 

270
00:24:45,320 --> 00:24:51,400
ู…ุซู„ ุงูŠุด ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฎุทุฑ ุน ุจุงู„ูƒู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู†ุง 

271
00:24:51,400 --> 00:24:56,000
ุฏุงูŠู… ููŠ ุงู„ ether ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณุฎู†ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญุงู…ุถุŸ ู…ูŠุซุงู†ูˆู„

272
00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:59,760
ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุฏุงูŠ ุฅุซู„ ุฅูŠุซุงุฑ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุณุฎู†ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญุงู…ุถ 

273
00:24:59,760 --> 00:25:05,540
ุฅุซุงู†ูˆู„ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ู…ุซู„ ุฅุซู„ ุฅูŠุซุงุฑ ุดูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุฃุณุฎู† ู…ุน 

274
00:25:05,540 --> 00:25:09,500
ุงู„ุญุงู…ุถ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ 

275
00:25:09,500 --> 00:25:17,160
ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ู…ุซู„ ุฅุซู„ ุฅูŠุซุงุฑ ุงูˆ ุฅุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ุฅูŠุซุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†

276
00:25:17,160 --> 00:25:22,520
ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ู…ุนูŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠ ู…ุซู„ ุฅุซู„ 

277
00:25:22,520 --> 00:25:28,400
ุฅูŠุซุงุฑ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุจุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ two alcohols ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซู„ OH 

278
00:25:28,400 --> 00:25:40,120
ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฅุซู„ OH ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ู„ู…ุซู„ OH ุฅูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒูˆุง ุจู‡ุฐุง

279
00:25:40,120 --> 00:25:40,780
ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŸ

280
00:25:43,190 --> 00:25:47,830
ุจุทู„ุน ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฎู„ุท ุจุฎู„ุทุด ุฌุฒุฆ ูˆ

281
00:25:47,830 --> 00:25:52,030
ุฌุฒุฆ ุจุฎู„ุท ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฎู„ุทุช mall ูˆ mall ูŠุนู†ูŠ

282
00:25:52,030 --> 00:25:55,990
ุงู†ุง ุฎู„ุทุช 6 ููŠ 10 ุงูˆ 23 ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน 6 ููŠ 10 ุงูˆ 23 ู…ู† 

283
00:25:55,990 --> 00:26:00,290
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู† ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุทุงู‚

284
00:26:00,290 --> 00:26:06,110
ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ู„ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ ุฌุฒูŠุฆูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ ethanol ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„

285
00:26:06,110 --> 00:26:09,600
methanol ูˆ ุฎู„ุทุชู‡ู… ูˆ ู‚ู„ุชู„ู‡ู… ูŠู„ุง ุงุชูุงุนู„ูˆุง ุงูŠุด

286
00:26:09,600 --> 00:26:13,600
ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุชุŸ ู‡ู… ุจุชูุนู„ูˆุงุŒ ุณู…ุนูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู„ุชู‚ูŠ

287
00:26:13,600 --> 00:26:20,260
ุงู„ุงุซู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุซู„ ุจูŠ ุงุซู„ ุงุซุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู„ุชู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ู…ุน

288
00:26:20,260 --> 00:26:27,420
ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุจูŠ ู…ุซู„ ุงุซุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู„ุชู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุงุซู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุงุซุฑ ู…ุซู„ 

289
00:26:27,420 --> 00:26:35,740
ุงุซุฑ ุงุฐุง ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู… ู†ุงุชุฌ ู†ุชูˆู‚ุนุŸ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงูˆ ู…ุซู„ ุงุซู„ ุงูˆ 

290
00:26:35,740 --> 00:26:41,970
ุงุซู„ ุฃูˆ ุฅุซู„ ุฃูˆ ู…ูŠุซู„ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู„ูƒู† ู…ุน ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุงู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ

291
00:26:41,970 --> 00:26:46,310
ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุฎู„ูŠุท ู…ู† ุชู„ุช ู…ุฑุงูƒุจุงุช ูˆ ู‡ุงุช ูˆูุตู„ู‡ู… ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง

292
00:26:46,310 --> 00:26:51,890
ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ุจูŠุญุจู‡ุŸ ุงุทู„ุงู‚ุง ู„ุง ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงูŠ ุญุฏ

293
00:26:51,890 --> 00:26:56,590
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุชุญุถูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฅุซู„ ู…ุซู„ ุฅูŠุซุฑ ุจุฎู„ุท ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆู‡ูŠ 

294
00:26:56,590 --> 00:27:00,530
ุทู„ุน ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุบู„ุท ู„ุฃู†ูƒ ุทู„ุนุช ุชู„ุช ู†ูˆุงุชุฌ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู†

295
00:27:00,530 --> 00:27:05,170
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดุชุบู„ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู†ูุตู„ ูˆุชู‚ุทูŠุฑุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุŸ 

296
00:27:05,170 --> 00:27:09,610
ู…ุชุนุจุฉ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจู†ุญูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุชุญุถูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ 

297
00:27:09,610 --> 00:27:15,160
Unsymmetrical ethers ุฃูŠุถุง ุจู†ุจุชุฏุฃ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู†

298
00:27:15,160 --> 00:27:20,340
ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ุงุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูˆุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ

299
00:27:20,340 --> 00:27:25,520
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† primary ุจู†ุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ chloride ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ

300
00:27:25,520 --> 00:27:32,900
ูุนู„ู†ุงู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ BCl3 ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ CH3 CH2 ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ OH

301
00:27:32,900 --> 00:27:39,020
Cl ุญูˆู„ุชู‡ ู„ chloride ูˆุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุญูˆู„ู‡ ู„ O minus ูƒูŠู

302
00:27:39,020 --> 00:27:43,010
ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ O minusุŸ ุจุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณูˆุฏูŠูˆู…

303
00:27:43,010 --> 00:27:48,290
ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฏุŸ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ุฃ ุจุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุฃูˆ

304
00:27:48,290 --> 00:27:51,890
ุงู„ุณูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงูŠุฏ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ 

305
00:27:51,890 --> 00:27:57,750
ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูุนู„ุชู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุซู„ O minus and A

306
00:27:57,750 --> 00:28:04,840
plus ู‡ูŠูˆ ุจ ูู„ุงุณูƒ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจ ูู„ุงุณูƒ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู„ุณู‡ 

307
00:28:04,840 --> 00:28:09,360
ู…ุงุฎู„ุทุชู‡ู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุฌูŠ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃุนุทุงูƒู… ู‡ุงูŠ ุฅูŠุซุงู†ูˆู„ ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ 

308
00:28:09,360 --> 00:28:13,420
ู…ูŠุซุงู†ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ูู„ุงุณูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด O minus

309
00:28:13,420 --> 00:28:19,900
ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงูƒู„ูˆุฑุงูŠุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุถูŠู ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุจุนุฏูŠู†

310
00:28:19,900 --> 00:28:23,600
ุจุถูŠู ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ู„ูˆ ุจุถูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง 

311
00:28:23,600 --> 00:28:30,490
ุงู„ O ูˆูŠู† ู‡ุชู‡ุงุฌู…ุŸ ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุทุฑุฏุŸ ุงู„ CL ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุฅู‚ุฏุงู„ 

312
00:28:30,490 --> 00:28:37,590
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ุจ chapter 6 ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ CH3 CH2O

313
00:28:37,590 --> 00:28:45,960
ู…ุซู„ ุฃูˆ CH3 ุจุณ ู…ุฑูƒุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ un

314
00:28:45,960 --> 00:28:51,060
symmetrical ethers ู„ุฃุฎู„ุท ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู„ุฃ ูˆุงุญุฏ

315
00:28:51,060 --> 00:28:56,240
ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุญุงูˆู„ู‡ ู„ O minus ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุญุงูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ู‰ 

316
00:28:56,240 --> 00:29:00,000
chloride ุงูˆ bromide ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุถูŠูู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจุทู„ุนูˆู„ูŠ

317
00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:04,780
ูู‚ุท ู†ุงุชุฌ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญุถูŠุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ

318
00:29:04,780 --> 00:29:10,230
ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ William Sun William Sun's synthesis William

319
00:29:10,230 --> 00:29:14,410
Sun's synthesis ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ slides ูˆู‡ูŠู†

320
00:29:14,410 --> 00:29:18,770
ูˆุถุญุช ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุงู†ุฎู„ุทุด ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ 

321
00:29:18,770 --> 00:29:24,090
ุงุทู„ุงู‚ุง ุงุทู„ุงู‚ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุงุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŸ

322
00:29:30,200 --> 00:29:34,580
ู†ุดูˆู ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Williamson's synthesis ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง

323
00:29:34,580 --> 00:29:40,500
ROH ู…ุน ู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุดูˆ ุฃุนุทุงู†ูŠุŸ R O minus ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ charged

324
00:29:40,500 --> 00:29:45,300
nucleophile ูˆ R X ูƒูˆู‘ู†ุชู‡ุง ุฃุณุงุณุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุถูŠู

325
00:29:45,300 --> 00:29:50,800
ุงู„ู€ R O minus ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ R X ุฃูŠ ุชูุงุนู„ ุจุนู…ู„ุŸ ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงู„

326
00:29:50,800 --> 00:29:53,380
ROR 

327
00:29:54,350 --> 00:29:59,510
ุงู„ุงู† ุงุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู„ูˆ ุงุชูŠูƒู… how can you prepare this

328
00:29:59,510 --> 00:30:09,870
ether ูู†ู„ O CH2 CH3 ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎู„ูŠู‡

329
00:30:09,870 --> 00:30:15,330
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ูู†ู„ OH ูˆ F OH ู„ูƒู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุฏูŠ 

330
00:30:15,330 --> 00:30:20,830
ุฃุฎู„ูŠู‡ O- ูˆู…ูŠู† ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎู„ูŠู‡ CL ุงู„ุงู† ุฃู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ

331
00:30:20,830 --> 00:30:25,610
ุจุงุฎู„ูŠู‡ CL ุงู„ primary ุฃูˆ ุงู„ ู…ุซู„ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุฌุฏุช ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„

332
00:30:25,610 --> 00:30:28,790
ู…ุซู„ ุฃูุถู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ primary ูŠุง ุงู„ primary ูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุซู„ 

333
00:30:28,790 --> 00:30:34,720
ูˆุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูู† ุงู„ OH ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ู…ุน ุงู„ sodium

334
00:30:34,720 --> 00:30:37,980
ุงูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ sodium hydroxide ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุงุณุงุณุง ู„ุงู† ุงู„ููŠู†ูˆู„

335
00:30:37,980 --> 00:30:41,800
ุจุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ sodium hydroxide ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ูŠู„ O minus

336
00:30:41,800 --> 00:30:48,620
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ nucleophile ููŠู†ูŠู„ O minus ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ ethanol 

337
00:30:48,620 --> 00:30:55,540
ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู†ุง ุงุฎู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ BCL3 CH3

338
00:30:55,540 --> 00:31:03,380
CH2CL ุงูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ูุนู„ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ phenoxide ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุทุฑุฏ 

339
00:31:03,380 --> 00:31:09,330
ุงู„ X ูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ 

340
00:31:09,330 --> 00:31:13,150
ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน .. ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุง

341
00:31:13,150 --> 00:31:17,150
ุฃุฌูŠุจู„ูƒูˆุง ether ู…ุนูŠู† ูˆ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุชุญุถุฑูˆู‡ ุฃู†ูƒู…

342
00:31:17,150 --> 00:31:20,450
ุชุนุฑููˆุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ O minus ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ

343
00:31:20,450 --> 00:31:24,270
ุฃุฎู„ูŠู‡ chloride ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ chloride ูŠุง 

344
00:31:24,270 --> 00:31:29,630
ุงู„ methyl ูŠุง ุงู„ primary ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง

345
00:31:29,630 --> 00:31:37,760
ุชูŠุฑุชุดุงุฑูŠุจ ุจูŠูˆุชู„ุจุฑูˆุจู„ ุฅูŠุซุงุฑ ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุชุฌู‡ูŠุฒู‡ ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† 

346
00:31:37,760 --> 00:31:44,680
ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุงุฑุณู… ุงู„ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุงุญูุธูˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงูŠุด

347
00:31:44,680 --> 00:31:52,260
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุชูŠุฑุชุดุงุฑ ุจูŠูˆุชู„ ุจุฑูˆุจู„ ุฅูŠุซุงุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… 

348
00:31:52,260 --> 00:32:01,200
ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู…ุนุทู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ ุชูŠุฑุชุดุงุฑ ุจูŠูˆุชู„ ูˆู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุจุงู†ูˆู„

349
00:32:01,200 --> 00:32:06,700
ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู† ู…ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุญุถูŠุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… 

350
00:32:06,700 --> 00:32:15,000
O- ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ CL ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎู„ูŠู‡ CL ุงู„ primary ู‡ุฐุง 

351
00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:20,300
ุงู„ alcohol tertiary ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ alcohol ุงู„ primary ุงุฐุง 

352
00:32:20,300 --> 00:32:27,880
ู‡ุฐุง ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ BCL3 ู‡ูŠูˆุตุงุฑ CL ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ NA

353
00:32:27,880 --> 00:32:36,510
ู‡ูŠูˆุตุงุฑ O- ุงู„ุงู† ุงุฎู„ุทูˆุง ู‡ุงุฏูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงูŠุด 

354
00:32:36,510 --> 00:32:40,910
ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉุŸ 

355
00:32:40,910 --> 00:32:47,640
ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู‡ุชู‡ุงุฌู… ู‡ุงู† ูˆ ุชุทุฑุฏ ุงู„ู€ CL ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ุฑุงุช 

356
00:32:47,640 --> 00:32:51,860
ู„ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ุฑู…ุฒ TM ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… 

357
00:32:51,860 --> 00:32:55,620
ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ TMุŸ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุฎู„ุตูˆุง ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ

358
00:32:55,620 --> 00:33:00,020
ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุฅุซุจุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุขู† TM ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ target

359
00:33:00,020 --> 00:33:05,020
molecule ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ target ุฅูŠุด targetุŸ

360
00:33:05,020 --> 00:33:11,520
molecule ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ TM ุจู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง

361
00:33:11,520 --> 00:33:15,820
ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ O ูˆู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ

362
00:33:15,820 --> 00:33:21,100
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุงุชุŸ 

363
00:33:21,100 --> 00:33:24,580
ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนูƒุณุช ุนู…ู„ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ chloride ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ O

364
00:33:24,580 --> 00:33:29,760
minus ุจุทู„ุนุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนุดุฑ ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช 

365
00:33:29,760 --> 00:33:35,900
ู…ุฌุงู…ู„ุฉ ู†ุญุท ู„ู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡

366
00:33:35,900 --> 00:33:42,040
ุนู…ู„ูŠุงู‹ ู…ุง ุจุตูŠุฑุด ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงู‹ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุงูู‡ู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡

367
00:33:42,040 --> 00:33:59,680
ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุจูˆู„ูŠุงู… ุณุงู†ุณ ุณูŠู†ุชูŠุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงู† 

368
00:33:59,680 --> 00:34:06,640
ุงู„ ethers ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช ุทูŠุจ ูŠุง ุชูˆุฑุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ูƒุณุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชูุงุนู„ 

369
00:34:06,640 --> 00:34:10,900
ุฅู„ุง ุจุณ ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ cleavage of

370
00:34:10,900 --> 00:34:16,020
ether ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ูƒุณุฑ ู†ุต ุณูŠู„ุฉ ูƒูŠู ุจุชู… ุงู„ cleavage 

371
00:34:16,020 --> 00:34:23,220
of ether ุจุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุญุงู…ุถ ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠ HI ุงู„ู€ HI ุจูŠู‡ุงุฌู…

372
00:34:23,220 --> 00:34:30,020
ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฏ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู€ W ู…ุน

373
00:34:30,020 --> 00:34:33,200
.. ู„ุฃ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Carbon ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู€ O ุงู„ู€ U ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ 

374
00:34:33,200 --> 00:34:36,080
.. ุงู„ู€ O ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Carbon ู…ู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจุงุช ุงู„ู€ 

375
00:34:36,080 --> 00:34:39,360
principal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Carbon ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ 

376
00:34:39,360 --> 00:34:43,860
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุงู‹ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ .. ูˆูŠู† ุจุฏู‡

377
00:34:43,860 --> 00:34:47,880
ูŠุฑูˆุญุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ .. ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู…ุนูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ 

378
00:34:47,880 --> 00:34:52,820
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ู‡ูŠูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆุฑุงูŠุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ู„ุง

379
00:34:52,820 --> 00:34:58,480
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ูŠ ุงูู‡ู…ุชูˆุง ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ 

380
00:34:58,480 --> 00:35:05,900
Primary ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุงู† ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ primary ู‡ุงู†ุŸ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„

381
00:35:05,900 --> 00:35:12,420
primary ู‡ุงู†ุŸ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ

382
00:35:12,420 --> 00:35:18,340
ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู‡ ุงู„ O ู‡ูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ H ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู† ุงู„ OุŸ H ู‡ูŠุงุฎุฏ

383
00:35:18,340 --> 00:35:25,180
ุงู„ H ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก CH3 CH2 ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงูŠุดุŸ Iodide ุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒูŠู

384
00:35:25,180 --> 00:35:29,780
ุงู„ู€ cleavage ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ 

385
00:35:29,780 --> 00:35:37,660
CH3 CH2 CH2 I ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู„ูˆู… CH3 CH2 CH2 I ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ

386
00:35:37,660 --> 00:35:43,380
ุถู„ุช ู…ุนู‡ ุงู„ O ุดูˆ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ OH ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ cleavage 

387
00:35:43,380 --> 00:35:50,680
of ether ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ cleavage of ether 

388
00:35:52,990 --> 00:35:58,330
ุจุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ HI ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุด ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ู„ู„ ุฅูŠุซุงุฑุฒ 

389
00:35:58,330 --> 00:36:03,310
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ cleavage ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ

390
00:36:03,310 --> 00:36:08,450
ุฅูŠุซุงุฑุฒ ุญู„ู‚ูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Epoxides ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ู‡ูŠ

391
00:36:08,450 --> 00:36:12,990
ูˆ ุชูุงุนู„ุงุชู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงู„ูƒูŠู† ูˆ

392

445
00:40:53,590 --> 00:40:58,650
ู…ุนูŠู† ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุจ cavity ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ Ion ู…ุนูŠู† ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุจcavity

446
00:40:58,650 --> 00:41:03,730
ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ 18 crown 6 ู„ู…ุง ุฌุงุณูˆุง

447
00:41:03,730 --> 00:41:08,230
ุญุฌู… ุงู„ cavity ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุจูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ

448
00:41:08,230 --> 00:41:12,030
ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃู†ุฌุณุชุฑูˆู† ุทุจ ุญุฌู… ุงูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ูˆุงุญุฏ

449
00:41:12,030 --> 00:41:15,510
ูˆ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุชุณุนุฉ ู„ูˆ ุญุทู†ุงู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„

450
00:41:15,510 --> 00:41:21,490
ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจูŠุฌุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ cesium ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ 

451
00:41:21,490 --> 00:41:27,550
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ุด ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุนู‡ุง

452
00:41:27,550 --> 00:41:31,990
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† 

453
00:41:32,930 --> 00:41:37,910
ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ crown ุงู„ุขู† ูˆ ุฌูŠุจู†ุง

454
00:41:37,910 --> 00:41:42,650
ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ู…ุนุงุฏู† ู‡ูˆ ููŠู‡ cavity ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ cavity

455
00:41:42,650 --> 00:41:50,330
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠูˆู‚ุน ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠุด

456
00:41:50,330 --> 00:41:54,970
ูˆุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู‚ุนุฏ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ cavityุŸ 

457
00:41:55,610 --> 00:42:01,130
ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ crown ุตุงุฑ ู„ูˆ ุญุทู†ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ

458
00:42:01,130 --> 00:42:05,390
ุตุงุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ูˆ ุณุงุจ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุนุงุฑููŠู† 

459
00:42:05,390 --> 00:42:09,990
ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุตูŠุงุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ ุตูŠุงุฏ

460
00:42:09,990 --> 00:42:13,530
ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุดุจูƒุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆุณู… ูƒู„ ุดุจูƒุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฌู…

461
00:42:13,530 --> 00:42:19,110
ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฏ ุงู„ุจูˆุฑูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญุฌู… ู…ุนูŠู† ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ุณู…ูƒุฉ

462
00:42:19,110 --> 00:42:24,200
ุงู„ุจูˆุฑูŠ ุทุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุฑุฏูŠู†ุŸููŠ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุจูˆุฑูŠ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ูˆ ุจูŠุทู„ุน

463
00:42:24,200 --> 00:42:27,320
ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ู†ุงูˆูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฏู‡ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ูˆ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ

464
00:42:27,320 --> 00:42:30,460
ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฏ ุงู„ุณุฑุฏูŠู† ุดูˆ ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ ุฅู„ู‡ุงุŸ

465
00:42:30,460 --> 00:42:35,000
ุดุจูƒุฉ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูู‡ู…ุชูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ host ูˆ ุงู„

466
00:42:35,000 --> 00:42:39,840
guestุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ guest ุงู„ุถูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠูŠุฌูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ

467
00:42:39,840 --> 00:42:44,560
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ guest ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ ู…ุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน 

468
00:42:44,560 --> 00:42:51,240
ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ cavity ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ููŠ

469
00:42:51,240 --> 00:42:56,940
ูˆูŠู†ุŸููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุทุจูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุขุฎุฑ slide ุงู„ุขู†

470
00:42:56,940 --> 00:43:03,220
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุงุฎุฑู‡ 

471
00:43:03,220 --> 00:43:10,380
ูˆ ููŠ cavity ู‡ู†ุง high cavity ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒูุชูŠ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุงูุชุณุน

472
00:43:10,380 --> 00:43:16,300
ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู†ุง ุจู„ุณ ูˆุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุจู„ุณ

473
00:43:16,300 --> 00:43:20,980
ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูุชูŠ ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… 

474
00:43:20,980 --> 00:43:25,940
ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„ 

475
00:43:25,940 --> 00:43:31,500
ุจุฏุฎู„ ุจู…ุง ุญู…ู„ ุฅุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุฌุฏุฑ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŸ 

476
00:43:32,150 --> 00:43:37,190
ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุงูŠุด ุตุงุจ ุจุฑุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ 

477
00:43:37,190 --> 00:43:43,630
ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด selective transport ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏุฎู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ

478
00:43:43,630 --> 00:43:50,770
ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฏุงุฑู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏ

479
00:43:50,770 --> 00:43:55,560
ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุฌู„ุจ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉูˆ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุญู…ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†

480
00:43:55,560 --> 00:43:58,620
ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุญู…ู„ู‡ุŸ ุงู„ potassium

481
00:43:58,620 --> 00:44:01,920
ุงู„ู…ุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน ุญุฌู… ุงู„ cavity ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ 

482
00:44:01,920 --> 00:44:05,500
ุจูŠุญู…ู„ ุงู„ potassiumุŒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุจู…ุง ุญู…ู„ู‡ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุฌูˆุง 

483
00:44:05,500 --> 00:44:11,000
ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฒุงู…ูˆ ุฏุฎู„ุŒ ู†ุฌู„ ุงู„ potassium ู…ู† ุจุฑุง ู„ุฌูˆุง 

484
00:44:11,700 --> 00:44:15,900
ูุงู‡ู…ุชูˆุง ุฃูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ุจููƒุฑุฉ crown ethers ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณุฑู‡ุง

485
00:44:15,900 --> 00:44:21,900
ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุงู„ุทุจูŠ ุจู‡ูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง

486
00:44:21,900 --> 00:44:24,140
ุงู„ chapter ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ ethers